TY - CPAPER T1 - Systematics of the Culex pipiens complex in North and Central America AN - 42230414; 3160454 AU - Savage, H M AU - Crabtree, M B AU - Miller, B R Y1 - 2000/12/31/ PY - 2000 DA - 2000 Dec 31 KW - CPI, Conference Papers Index KW - U 1000:Animal and Plant Science KW - U 2000:Biology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/42230414?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Acpi&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=conference&rft.jtitle=&rft.atitle=Systematics+of+the+Culex+pipiens+complex+in+North+and+Central+America&rft.au=Savage%2C+H+M%3BCrabtree%2C+M+B%3BMiller%2C+B+R&rft.aulast=Savage&rft.aufirst=H&rft.date=2000-12-31&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - SuppNotes - Availability: American Mosquito Control Association, 2200 E. Prien Lake Road, PO Box 5416, Lake Charles, LA 70606-5416 N1 - Last updated - 2010-05-03 ER - TY - CPAPER T1 - Isolation of Potosi virus from Aedes albopictus collected in southern Illinois AN - 42228928; 3160464 AU - Smith, G C AU - Haramis, L AU - Karabatsos, N AU - Starwalt, V AU - Mitchell, C J Y1 - 2000/12/31/ PY - 2000 DA - 2000 Dec 31 KW - CPI, Conference Papers Index KW - U 1000:Animal and Plant Science KW - U 2000:Biology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/42228928?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Acpi&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=conference&rft.jtitle=&rft.atitle=Isolation+of+Potosi+virus+from+Aedes+albopictus+collected+in+southern+Illinois&rft.au=Smith%2C+G+C%3BHaramis%2C+L%3BKarabatsos%2C+N%3BStarwalt%2C+V%3BMitchell%2C+C+J&rft.aulast=Smith&rft.aufirst=G&rft.date=2000-12-31&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - SuppNotes - Availability: American Mosquito Control Association, 2200 E. Prien Lake Road, PO Box 5416, Lake Charles, LA 70606-5416 N1 - Last updated - 2010-05-03 ER - TY - CPAPER T1 - Establishment of a surveillance system for HIV-related risk behavior AN - 42214165; 3145022 AU - Farley, T A AU - Cohen, DA AU - Wall, J L AU - Kohn, MA AU - Rice, J Y1 - 2000/12/31/ PY - 2000 DA - 2000 Dec 31 KW - CPI, Conference Papers Index KW - U 3500:Clinical Medicine UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/42214165?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Acpi&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=conference&rft.jtitle=&rft.atitle=Establishment+of+a+surveillance+system+for+HIV-related+risk+behavior&rft.au=Farley%2C+T+A%3BCohen%2C+DA%3BWall%2C+J+L%3BKohn%2C+MA%3BRice%2C+J&rft.aulast=Farley&rft.aufirst=T&rft.date=2000-12-31&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - SuppNotes - Availability: Association of Preventive Medicine, 1660 L Street, NW, Suite 206, Washington, DC 20036, Abstracts available. Price $5. N1 - Last updated - 2010-05-03 ER - TY - CPAPER T1 - Maternal characteristics and birth weight distributions among Asian American groups in the United States AN - 42197847; 3136291 AU - Le, L T AU - Kiely, J L AU - Schoendorf, K C Y1 - 2000/12/31/ PY - 2000 DA - 2000 Dec 31 KW - CPI, Conference Papers Index KW - U 3500:Clinical Medicine UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/42197847?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Acpi&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=conference&rft.jtitle=&rft.atitle=Maternal+characteristics+and+birth+weight+distributions+among+Asian+American+groups+in+the+United+States&rft.au=Le%2C+L+T%3BKiely%2C+J+L%3BSchoendorf%2C+K+C&rft.aulast=Le&rft.aufirst=L&rft.date=2000-12-31&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - SuppNotes - Availability: American Public Health Association, Publication Sales, 1015 15th St., NW, Washington, DC 20005, USA, Abstracts available. Price $30 for 2-volume set. N1 - Last updated - 2010-05-03 ER - TY - CPAPER T1 - Principles of HIV prevention community planning AN - 42196141; 3135455 AU - Valdiserri, RO AU - Parra, W AU - Conrad, G Y1 - 2000/12/31/ PY - 2000 DA - 2000 Dec 31 KW - CPI, Conference Papers Index KW - U 3500:Clinical Medicine UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/42196141?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Acpi&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=conference&rft.jtitle=&rft.atitle=Principles+of+HIV+prevention+community+planning&rft.au=Valdiserri%2C+RO%3BParra%2C+W%3BConrad%2C+G&rft.aulast=Valdiserri&rft.aufirst=RO&rft.date=2000-12-31&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - SuppNotes - Availability: American Public Health Association, Publication Sales, 1015 15th St., NW, Washington, DC 20005, USA, Abstracts available. Price $30 for 2-volume set. N1 - Last updated - 2010-05-03 ER - TY - CPAPER T1 - HIV wasting syndrome in adults with AIDS AN - 42194862; 3135322 AU - Denning, P AU - Chu, S AU - Hanson, D AU - Ciesielski, C Y1 - 2000/12/31/ PY - 2000 DA - 2000 Dec 31 KW - CPI, Conference Papers Index KW - U 3500:Clinical Medicine UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/42194862?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Acpi&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=conference&rft.jtitle=&rft.atitle=HIV+wasting+syndrome+in+adults+with+AIDS&rft.au=Denning%2C+P%3BChu%2C+S%3BHanson%2C+D%3BCiesielski%2C+C&rft.aulast=Denning&rft.aufirst=P&rft.date=2000-12-31&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - SuppNotes - Availability: American Public Health Association, Publication Sales, 1015 15th St., NW, Washington, DC 20005, USA, Abstracts available. Price $30 for 2-volume set. N1 - Last updated - 2010-05-03 ER - TY - CPAPER T1 - Outbreak of poliomyelitis in Jordan associated with regional differences in attack rate and seroimmunity to poliovirus infection AN - 42192310; 3122521 AU - Reichler, M AU - Abbas, A AU - Kharabsheh, S AU - Mahafzah, A AU - Alexander, J AU - Pallansch, M AU - Rhodes, P AU - Latoum, H AU - Aslanian, R AU - Hull, H Y1 - 2000/12/31/ PY - 2000 DA - 2000 Dec 31 KW - CPI, Conference Papers Index KW - U 7000:Multidisciplinary UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/42192310?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Acpi&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=conference&rft.jtitle=&rft.atitle=Outbreak+of+poliomyelitis+in+Jordan+associated+with+regional+differences+in+attack+rate+and+seroimmunity+to+poliovirus+infection&rft.au=Reichler%2C+M%3BAbbas%2C+A%3BKharabsheh%2C+S%3BMahafzah%2C+A%3BAlexander%2C+J%3BPallansch%2C+M%3BRhodes%2C+P%3BLatoum%2C+H%3BAslanian%2C+R%3BHull%2C+H&rft.aulast=Reichler&rft.aufirst=M&rft.date=2000-12-31&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - SuppNotes - Availability: Books International, PO Box 605, Herndon, VA 22070, Abstracts available. Price $25. Poster Paper No. J93 N1 - Last updated - 2010-05-03 ER - TY - CPAPER T1 - Open-label intravenous ribavirin for hantavirus pulmonary syndrome AN - 42189646; 3123480 AU - Chapman, LE AU - Mertz, G AU - Khan, A S AU - Hart, D C AU - Peters, C J AU - Koste, F AU - Ksiazek, T G AU - Rollin, P E AU - Wilson, L J AU - Baum, K F Y1 - 2000/12/31/ PY - 2000 DA - 2000 Dec 31 KW - CPI, Conference Papers Index KW - U 7000:Multidisciplinary UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/42189646?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Acpi&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=conference&rft.jtitle=&rft.atitle=Open-label+intravenous+ribavirin+for+hantavirus+pulmonary+syndrome&rft.au=Chapman%2C+LE%3BMertz%2C+G%3BKhan%2C+A+S%3BHart%2C+D+C%3BPeters%2C+C+J%3BKoste%2C+F%3BKsiazek%2C+T+G%3BRollin%2C+P+E%3BWilson%2C+L+J%3BBaum%2C+K+F&rft.aulast=Chapman&rft.aufirst=LE&rft.date=2000-12-31&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - SuppNotes - Availability: Books International, PO Box 605, Herndon, VA 22070, Abstracts available. Price $25. Paper No. H111 N1 - Last updated - 2010-05-03 ER - TY - CPAPER T1 - Clinical features distinctive of hantavirus pulmonary syndrome AN - 42188448; 3123495 AU - Moolenaar, R L AU - Dalton, C AU - Lipman, H B AU - Gallaher, M M AU - Rollin, P E AU - Ksiazek, T G AU - Nichol, ST AU - Duchin, J S AU - Peters, C J AU - Breiman, R F Y1 - 2000/12/31/ PY - 2000 DA - 2000 Dec 31 KW - CPI, Conference Papers Index KW - U 7000:Multidisciplinary UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/42188448?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Acpi&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=conference&rft.jtitle=&rft.atitle=Clinical+features+distinctive+of+hantavirus+pulmonary+syndrome&rft.au=Moolenaar%2C+R+L%3BDalton%2C+C%3BLipman%2C+H+B%3BGallaher%2C+M+M%3BRollin%2C+P+E%3BKsiazek%2C+T+G%3BNichol%2C+ST%3BDuchin%2C+J+S%3BPeters%2C+C+J%3BBreiman%2C+R+F&rft.aulast=Moolenaar&rft.aufirst=R&rft.date=2000-12-31&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - SuppNotes - Availability: Books International, PO Box 605, Herndon, VA 22070, Abstracts available. Price $25. Paper No. J257 N1 - Last updated - 2010-05-03 ER - TY - CPAPER T1 - Efficacy of tuberculosis infection control measures in U.S. hospitals: Environmental and respiratory protective devices AN - 42186430; 3123149 AU - Fridkin, S K AU - Manangan, L AU - Bolyard, E AU - Mayhall, G C AU - Jarvis, W R Y1 - 2000/12/31/ PY - 2000 DA - 2000 Dec 31 KW - CPI, Conference Papers Index KW - U 7000:Multidisciplinary UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/42186430?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Acpi&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=conference&rft.jtitle=&rft.atitle=Efficacy+of+tuberculosis+infection+control+measures+in+U.S.+hospitals%3A+Environmental+and+respiratory+protective+devices&rft.au=Fridkin%2C+S+K%3BManangan%2C+L%3BBolyard%2C+E%3BMayhall%2C+G+C%3BJarvis%2C+W+R&rft.aulast=Fridkin&rft.aufirst=S&rft.date=2000-12-31&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - SuppNotes - Availability: Books International, PO Box 605, Herndon, VA 22070, Abstracts available. Price $25. Poster Paper No. J176 N1 - Last updated - 2010-05-03 ER - TY - CPAPER T1 - Characterization of HIV-1 strains from Atlanta AN - 42186388; 3123139 AU - Rapier, J AU - Baldwin, A AU - Luo, C-C AU - Lee, F K AU - Shaffer, N AU - Nesheim AU - Nahmias, A J AU - Schochetman, G AU - Kalish, M L Y1 - 2000/12/31/ PY - 2000 DA - 2000 Dec 31 KW - CPI, Conference Papers Index KW - U 7000:Multidisciplinary UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/42186388?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Acpi&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=conference&rft.jtitle=&rft.atitle=Characterization+of+HIV-1+strains+from+Atlanta&rft.au=Rapier%2C+J%3BBaldwin%2C+A%3BLuo%2C+C-C%3BLee%2C+F+K%3BShaffer%2C+N%3BNesheim%3BNahmias%2C+A+J%3BSchochetman%2C+G%3BKalish%2C+M+L&rft.aulast=Rapier&rft.aufirst=J&rft.date=2000-12-31&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - SuppNotes - Availability: Books International, PO Box 605, Herndon, VA 22070, Abstracts available. Price $25. Poster Paper No. I182 N1 - Last updated - 2010-05-03 ER - TY - CPAPER T1 - Case-control study of risk factors for invasive group B streptococcal infection among nonpregnant adults AN - 42186202; 3123058 AU - Jackson, L AU - Ogle, R AU - Farley, M AU - Harrison, L AU - Reingold, A AU - Schuchat, A Y1 - 2000/12/31/ PY - 2000 DA - 2000 Dec 31 KW - CPI, Conference Papers Index KW - U 7000:Multidisciplinary UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/42186202?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Acpi&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=conference&rft.jtitle=&rft.atitle=Case-control+study+of+risk+factors+for+invasive+group+B+streptococcal+infection+among+nonpregnant+adults&rft.au=Jackson%2C+L%3BOgle%2C+R%3BFarley%2C+M%3BHarrison%2C+L%3BReingold%2C+A%3BSchuchat%2C+A&rft.aulast=Jackson&rft.aufirst=L&rft.date=2000-12-31&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - SuppNotes - Availability: Books International, PO Box 605, Herndon, VA 22070, Abstracts available. Price $25. Poster Paper No. J163 N1 - Last updated - 2010-05-03 ER - TY - CPAPER T1 - HIV-1 incidence, follow-up rates, and serotypes in high-risk cohorts in Thailand: Implications for HIV vaccine trials AN - 42186087; 3123462 AU - Weniger, B G Y1 - 2000/12/31/ PY - 2000 DA - 2000 Dec 31 KW - CPI, Conference Papers Index KW - U 7000:Multidisciplinary UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/42186087?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Acpi&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=conference&rft.jtitle=&rft.atitle=HIV-1+incidence%2C+follow-up+rates%2C+and+serotypes+in+high-risk+cohorts+in+Thailand%3A+Implications+for+HIV+vaccine+trials&rft.au=Weniger%2C+B+G&rft.aulast=Weniger&rft.aufirst=B&rft.date=2000-12-31&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - SuppNotes - Availability: Books International, PO Box 605, Herndon, VA 22070, Abstracts available. Price $25. Paper No. I237 N1 - Last updated - 2010-05-03 ER - TY - CPAPER T1 - Reporting rates of allergic reactions after first and second doses of measles-containing vaccines AN - 42186049; 3122518 AU - Haber, P AU - Chen, R AU - Atkinson, W Y1 - 2000/12/31/ PY - 2000 DA - 2000 Dec 31 KW - CPI, Conference Papers Index KW - U 7000:Multidisciplinary UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/42186049?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Acpi&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=conference&rft.jtitle=&rft.atitle=Reporting+rates+of+allergic+reactions+after+first+and+second+doses+of+measles-containing+vaccines&rft.au=Haber%2C+P%3BChen%2C+R%3BAtkinson%2C+W&rft.aulast=Haber&rft.aufirst=P&rft.date=2000-12-31&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - SuppNotes - Availability: Books International, PO Box 605, Herndon, VA 22070, Abstracts available. Price $25. Poster Paper No. J87 N1 - Last updated - 2010-05-03 ER - TY - CPAPER T1 - Epidemiology of antimicrobial resistant among hospital-acquired pathogens AN - 42185653; 3122622 AU - Gaynes, R Y1 - 2000/12/31/ PY - 2000 DA - 2000 Dec 31 KW - CPI, Conference Papers Index KW - U 7000:Multidisciplinary UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/42185653?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Acpi&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=conference&rft.jtitle=&rft.atitle=Epidemiology+of+antimicrobial+resistant+among+hospital-acquired+pathogens&rft.au=Gaynes%2C+R&rft.aulast=Gaynes&rft.aufirst=R&rft.date=2000-12-31&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - SuppNotes - Availability: Books International, PO Box 605, Herndon, VA 22070, Abstracts available. Price $25. N1 - Last updated - 2010-05-03 ER - TY - CPAPER T1 - Reduction in the immunogenicity of oral poliovirus vaccine following rotavirus infection: Preliminary evidence from Brazil AN - 42185584; 3123405 AU - Lebaron, C AU - Linkins, R AU - Glass, R AU - Pallansch, M AU - Monteiro, D AU - Couto Olveira, MJ AU - Patriarca, P Y1 - 2000/12/31/ PY - 2000 DA - 2000 Dec 31 KW - CPI, Conference Papers Index KW - U 7000:Multidisciplinary UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/42185584?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Acpi&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=conference&rft.jtitle=&rft.atitle=Reduction+in+the+immunogenicity+of+oral+poliovirus+vaccine+following+rotavirus+infection%3A+Preliminary+evidence+from+Brazil&rft.au=Lebaron%2C+C%3BLinkins%2C+R%3BGlass%2C+R%3BPallansch%2C+M%3BMonteiro%2C+D%3BCouto+Olveira%2C+MJ%3BPatriarca%2C+P&rft.aulast=Lebaron&rft.aufirst=C&rft.date=2000-12-31&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - SuppNotes - Availability: Books International, PO Box 605, Herndon, VA 22070, Abstracts available. Price $25. Poster Paper No. H58 N1 - Last updated - 2010-05-03 ER - TY - CPAPER T1 - Epidemiology of protozoal opportunistic infections among persons with AIDS in the United States AN - 42185041; 3123045 AU - Hu, D J AU - Fleming, P L AU - Jones, J L AU - Ward, J W Y1 - 2000/12/31/ PY - 2000 DA - 2000 Dec 31 KW - CPI, Conference Papers Index KW - U 7000:Multidisciplinary UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/42185041?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Acpi&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=conference&rft.jtitle=&rft.atitle=Epidemiology+of+protozoal+opportunistic+infections+among+persons+with+AIDS+in+the+United+States&rft.au=Hu%2C+D+J%3BFleming%2C+P+L%3BJones%2C+J+L%3BWard%2C+J+W&rft.aulast=Hu&rft.aufirst=D&rft.date=2000-12-31&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - SuppNotes - Availability: Books International, PO Box 605, Herndon, VA 22070, Abstracts available. Price $25. Poster Paper No. I161 N1 - Last updated - 2010-05-03 ER - TY - CPAPER T1 - Detection of penicillin-resistant Streptococcus pneumoniae with commercially available broth microdilution panels AN - 42184837; 3122783 AU - Nolte, F S AU - Metchock, B AU - Williams, T AU - Diem, L AU - Bressler, A AU - Tenover, F C Y1 - 2000/12/31/ PY - 2000 DA - 2000 Dec 31 KW - CPI, Conference Papers Index KW - U 7000:Multidisciplinary UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/42184837?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Acpi&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=conference&rft.jtitle=&rft.atitle=Detection+of+penicillin-resistant+Streptococcus+pneumoniae+with+commercially+available+broth+microdilution+panels&rft.au=Nolte%2C+F+S%3BMetchock%2C+B%3BWilliams%2C+T%3BDiem%2C+L%3BBressler%2C+A%3BTenover%2C+F+C&rft.aulast=Nolte&rft.aufirst=F&rft.date=2000-12-31&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - SuppNotes - Availability: Books International, PO Box 605, Herndon, VA 22070, Abstracts available. Price $25. Poster Paper No. D38 N1 - Last updated - 2010-05-03 ER - TY - CPAPER T1 - National U.S. HUS prospective study: Frequent and prolonged serologic response to Escherichia coli O157:H7 lipopolysaccharide AN - 42184782; 3123635 AU - Banatvala, N AU - Griffin, P AU - Barrett, T J AU - Greene, K AU - Green, J AU - Wells, J Y1 - 2000/12/31/ PY - 2000 DA - 2000 Dec 31 KW - CPI, Conference Papers Index KW - U 7000:Multidisciplinary UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/42184782?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Acpi&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=conference&rft.jtitle=&rft.atitle=National+U.S.+HUS+prospective+study%3A+Frequent+and+prolonged+serologic+response+to+Escherichia+coli+O157%3AH7+lipopolysaccharide&rft.au=Banatvala%2C+N%3BGriffin%2C+P%3BBarrett%2C+T+J%3BGreene%2C+K%3BGreen%2C+J%3BWells%2C+J&rft.aulast=Banatvala&rft.aufirst=N&rft.date=2000-12-31&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - SuppNotes - Availability: Books International, PO Box 605, Herndon, VA 22070, Abstracts available. Price $25. Poster Paper No. J216 N1 - Last updated - 2010-05-03 ER - TY - CPAPER T1 - Minimum bactericidal concentrations of antimicrobial agents against Mycobacterium tuberculosis determined using a luciferase assay AN - 42184348; 3123607 AU - Cooksey, R AU - Morlock, G Y1 - 2000/12/31/ PY - 2000 DA - 2000 Dec 31 KW - CPI, Conference Papers Index KW - U 7000:Multidisciplinary UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/42184348?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Acpi&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=conference&rft.jtitle=&rft.atitle=Minimum+bactericidal+concentrations+of+antimicrobial+agents+against+Mycobacterium+tuberculosis+determined+using+a+luciferase+assay&rft.au=Cooksey%2C+R%3BMorlock%2C+G&rft.aulast=Cooksey&rft.aufirst=R&rft.date=2000-12-31&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - SuppNotes - Availability: Books International, PO Box 605, Herndon, VA 22070, Abstracts available. Price $25. Poster Paper No. E122 N1 - Last updated - 2010-05-03 ER - TY - CPAPER T1 - Delivering vaccines to young children AN - 42184332; 3122863 AU - Orenstein, W Y1 - 2000/12/31/ PY - 2000 DA - 2000 Dec 31 KW - CPI, Conference Papers Index KW - U 7000:Multidisciplinary UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/42184332?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Acpi&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=conference&rft.jtitle=&rft.atitle=Delivering+vaccines+to+young+children&rft.au=Orenstein%2C+W&rft.aulast=Orenstein&rft.aufirst=W&rft.date=2000-12-31&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - SuppNotes - Availability: Books International, PO Box 605, Herndon, VA 22070, Abstracts available. Price $25. N1 - Last updated - 2010-05-03 ER - TY - CPAPER T1 - Evidence for a difference in the cytotoxic T lymphocyte response following acute measles and measles vaccination AN - 42184177; 3123401 AU - Hurwitz, E S AU - Stone, R AU - McFarland, H Y1 - 2000/12/31/ PY - 2000 DA - 2000 Dec 31 KW - CPI, Conference Papers Index KW - U 7000:Multidisciplinary UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/42184177?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Acpi&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=conference&rft.jtitle=&rft.atitle=Evidence+for+a+difference+in+the+cytotoxic+T+lymphocyte+response+following+acute+measles+and+measles+vaccination&rft.au=Hurwitz%2C+E+S%3BStone%2C+R%3BMcFarland%2C+H&rft.aulast=Hurwitz&rft.aufirst=E&rft.date=2000-12-31&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - SuppNotes - Availability: Books International, PO Box 605, Herndon, VA 22070, Abstracts available. Price $25. Poster Paper No. H50 N1 - Last updated - 2010-05-03 ER - TY - CPAPER T1 - Serologic response to Vibrio cholerae O1 Ogawa and Inaba infection AN - 42183791; 3123638 AU - Besser, R AU - Feikin, D AU - Eberhart-Phillips, J AU - Barrett, T AU - Ward, B AU - Kilman, L AU - Mascola, L AU - Griffin, P Y1 - 2000/12/31/ PY - 2000 DA - 2000 Dec 31 KW - CPI, Conference Papers Index KW - U 7000:Multidisciplinary UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/42183791?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Acpi&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=conference&rft.jtitle=&rft.atitle=Serologic+response+to+Vibrio+cholerae+O1+Ogawa+and+Inaba+infection&rft.au=Besser%2C+R%3BFeikin%2C+D%3BEberhart-Phillips%2C+J%3BBarrett%2C+T%3BWard%2C+B%3BKilman%2C+L%3BMascola%2C+L%3BGriffin%2C+P&rft.aulast=Besser&rft.aufirst=R&rft.date=2000-12-31&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - SuppNotes - Availability: Books International, PO Box 605, Herndon, VA 22070, Abstracts available. Price $25. Poster Paper No. J222 N1 - Last updated - 2010-05-03 ER - TY - CPAPER T1 - Bloodstream infections associated with a needleless intravenous infusion system used in patients on home infusion therapy AN - 42183522; 3123213 AU - Danzig, L AU - Short, L AU - Collins, K AU - Mahoney, M AU - Sepe, S AU - Zwerlein, L AU - Jarvis, W Y1 - 2000/12/31/ PY - 2000 DA - 2000 Dec 31 KW - CPI, Conference Papers Index KW - U 7000:Multidisciplinary UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/42183522?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Acpi&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=conference&rft.jtitle=&rft.atitle=Bloodstream+infections+associated+with+a+needleless+intravenous+infusion+system+used+in+patients+on+home+infusion+therapy&rft.au=Danzig%2C+L%3BShort%2C+L%3BCollins%2C+K%3BMahoney%2C+M%3BSepe%2C+S%3BZwerlein%2C+L%3BJarvis%2C+W&rft.aulast=Danzig&rft.aufirst=L&rft.date=2000-12-31&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - SuppNotes - Availability: Books International, PO Box 605, Herndon, VA 22070, Abstracts available. Price $25. Poster Paper No. J200 N1 - Last updated - 2010-05-03 ER - TY - CPAPER T1 - Role of vaccination delays in sustaining a poliomyelitis outbreak in Jordan AN - 42183317; 3122522 AU - Reichler, M AU - Abbas, A AU - Kharabsheh, S AU - Alexander, J AU - Latoum, H AU - Aslanian, R AU - Hull, H AU - Patriarca, P Y1 - 2000/12/31/ PY - 2000 DA - 2000 Dec 31 KW - CPI, Conference Papers Index KW - U 7000:Multidisciplinary UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/42183317?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Acpi&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=conference&rft.jtitle=&rft.atitle=Role+of+vaccination+delays+in+sustaining+a+poliomyelitis+outbreak+in+Jordan&rft.au=Reichler%2C+M%3BAbbas%2C+A%3BKharabsheh%2C+S%3BAlexander%2C+J%3BLatoum%2C+H%3BAslanian%2C+R%3BHull%2C+H%3BPatriarca%2C+P&rft.aulast=Reichler&rft.aufirst=M&rft.date=2000-12-31&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - SuppNotes - Availability: Books International, PO Box 605, Herndon, VA 22070, Abstracts available. Price $25. Poster Paper No. J95 N1 - Last updated - 2010-05-03 ER - TY - CPAPER T1 - Large pertussis outbreak, Cincinnati, 1993: High attack rate among vaccinated preschool children AN - 42183293; 3122511 AU - Hardy, IR AU - Hoekstra, E AU - Wells, V AU - Christie, C AU - Reising, S AU - Strebel, P AU - Rhodes, P AU - Wharton, M Y1 - 2000/12/31/ PY - 2000 DA - 2000 Dec 31 KW - CPI, Conference Papers Index KW - U 7000:Multidisciplinary UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/42183293?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Acpi&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=conference&rft.jtitle=&rft.atitle=Large+pertussis+outbreak%2C+Cincinnati%2C+1993%3A+High+attack+rate+among+vaccinated+preschool+children&rft.au=Hardy%2C+IR%3BHoekstra%2C+E%3BWells%2C+V%3BChristie%2C+C%3BReising%2C+S%3BStrebel%2C+P%3BRhodes%2C+P%3BWharton%2C+M&rft.aulast=Hardy&rft.aufirst=IR&rft.date=2000-12-31&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - SuppNotes - Availability: Books International, PO Box 605, Herndon, VA 22070, Abstracts available. Price $25. Poster Paper No. J71 N1 - Last updated - 2010-05-03 ER - TY - CPAPER T1 - Prevention and therapy of Malaria in the multi-drug resistance era AN - 42183281; 3122643 AU - Campbell, C Y1 - 2000/12/31/ PY - 2000 DA - 2000 Dec 31 KW - CPI, Conference Papers Index KW - U 7000:Multidisciplinary UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/42183281?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Acpi&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=conference&rft.jtitle=&rft.atitle=Prevention+and+therapy+of+Malaria+in+the+multi-drug+resistance+era&rft.au=Campbell%2C+C&rft.aulast=Campbell&rft.aufirst=C&rft.date=2000-12-31&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - SuppNotes - Availability: Books International, PO Box 605, Herndon, VA 22070, Abstracts available. Price $25. N1 - Last updated - 2010-05-03 ER - TY - CPAPER T1 - Long-term persistence of poliomyelitis antibody titers following a supplemental dose of oral versus inactivated poliovirus vaccine, Cote d'Ivoire AN - 42182692; 3123473 AU - Van Loon, F AU - Patriarca, P AU - Rhodes, P AU - Moriniere, B AU - Pallansch, M AU - Klein-Zabban, M-L AU - Frank-Senat, B Y1 - 2000/12/31/ PY - 2000 DA - 2000 Dec 31 KW - CPI, Conference Papers Index KW - U 7000:Multidisciplinary UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/42182692?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Acpi&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=conference&rft.jtitle=&rft.atitle=Long-term+persistence+of+poliomyelitis+antibody+titers+following+a+supplemental+dose+of+oral+versus+inactivated+poliovirus+vaccine%2C+Cote+d%27Ivoire&rft.au=Van+Loon%2C+F%3BPatriarca%2C+P%3BRhodes%2C+P%3BMoriniere%2C+B%3BPallansch%2C+M%3BKlein-Zabban%2C+M-L%3BFrank-Senat%2C+B&rft.aulast=Van+Loon&rft.aufirst=F&rft.date=2000-12-31&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - SuppNotes - Availability: Books International, PO Box 605, Herndon, VA 22070, Abstracts available. Price $25. Paper No. H104 N1 - Last updated - 2010-05-03 ER - TY - CPAPER T1 - Evaluation of the risk of Guillain-Barre syndrome after tetanus-toxoid-containing vaccines in adults and children in the U.S. AN - 42182582; 3123183 AU - Tuttle, J AU - Chen, R AU - Rantala, H AU - Hadler, S Y1 - 2000/12/31/ PY - 2000 DA - 2000 Dec 31 KW - CPI, Conference Papers Index KW - U 7000:Multidisciplinary UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/42182582?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Acpi&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=conference&rft.jtitle=&rft.atitle=Evaluation+of+the+risk+of+Guillain-Barre+syndrome+after+tetanus-toxoid-containing+vaccines+in+adults+and+children+in+the+U.S.&rft.au=Tuttle%2C+J%3BChen%2C+R%3BRantala%2C+H%3BHadler%2C+S&rft.aulast=Tuttle&rft.aufirst=J&rft.date=2000-12-31&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - SuppNotes - Availability: Books International, PO Box 605, Herndon, VA 22070, Abstracts available. Price $25. Poster Paper No. G79 N1 - Last updated - 2010-05-03 ER - TY - CPAPER T1 - HIV wasting syndrome in adults and adolescents with AIDS AN - 42182343; 3122734 AU - Denning, P AU - Chu, S AU - Hanson, D AU - Ciesielski, C Y1 - 2000/12/31/ PY - 2000 DA - 2000 Dec 31 KW - CPI, Conference Papers Index KW - U 7000:Multidisciplinary UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/42182343?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Acpi&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=conference&rft.jtitle=&rft.atitle=HIV+wasting+syndrome+in+adults+and+adolescents+with+AIDS&rft.au=Denning%2C+P%3BChu%2C+S%3BHanson%2C+D%3BCiesielski%2C+C&rft.aulast=Denning&rft.aufirst=P&rft.date=2000-12-31&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - SuppNotes - Availability: Books International, PO Box 605, Herndon, VA 22070, Abstracts available. Price $25. Poster Paper No. I135 N1 - Last updated - 2010-05-03 ER - TY - CPAPER T1 - Relapse of Mycobacterium leprae with ocular manifestations AN - 42181825; 3123240 AU - Hynes, NA AU - Raizman, M B AU - Williams, D L AU - Baker, A S Y1 - 2000/12/31/ PY - 2000 DA - 2000 Dec 31 KW - CPI, Conference Papers Index KW - U 7000:Multidisciplinary UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/42181825?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Acpi&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=conference&rft.jtitle=&rft.atitle=Relapse+of+Mycobacterium+leprae+with+ocular+manifestations&rft.au=Hynes%2C+NA%3BRaizman%2C+M+B%3BWilliams%2C+D+L%3BBaker%2C+A+S&rft.aulast=Hynes&rft.aufirst=NA&rft.date=2000-12-31&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - SuppNotes - Availability: Books International, PO Box 605, Herndon, VA 22070, Abstracts available. Price $25. Poster Paper No. M39 N1 - Last updated - 2010-05-03 ER - TY - CPAPER T1 - Elusive mycoplasma: An outbreak of pneumonia among physicians AN - 42181702; 3123207 AU - Schillinger, JA AU - Arnold, KE AU - Schwartz, B AU - Talkington, D F AU - Lipman, H B AU - Thacker, W L AU - Emig, M AU - Fields, B S AU - Wenger, J D AU - Breiman, R F Y1 - 2000/12/31/ PY - 2000 DA - 2000 Dec 31 KW - CPI, Conference Papers Index KW - U 7000:Multidisciplinary UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/42181702?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Acpi&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=conference&rft.jtitle=&rft.atitle=Elusive+mycoplasma%3A+An+outbreak+of+pneumonia+among+physicians&rft.au=Schillinger%2C+JA%3BArnold%2C+KE%3BSchwartz%2C+B%3BTalkington%2C+D+F%3BLipman%2C+H+B%3BThacker%2C+W+L%3BEmig%2C+M%3BFields%2C+B+S%3BWenger%2C+J+D%3BBreiman%2C+R+F&rft.aulast=Schillinger&rft.aufirst=JA&rft.date=2000-12-31&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - SuppNotes - Availability: Books International, PO Box 605, Herndon, VA 22070, Abstracts available. Price $25. Poster Paper No. J194 N1 - Last updated - 2010-05-03 ER - TY - CPAPER T1 - Novel subtyping method to identify the source of an outbreak of Legionnaires disease AN - 42181514; 3123205 AU - Whitney, C G AU - Hofmann, J AU - Pruckler, J AU - Matyas, B AU - Benson, R AU - Fields, B AU - Mermel, L AU - Giorgio, C AU - Breiman, R Y1 - 2000/12/31/ PY - 2000 DA - 2000 Dec 31 KW - CPI, Conference Papers Index KW - U 7000:Multidisciplinary UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/42181514?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Acpi&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=conference&rft.jtitle=&rft.atitle=Novel+subtyping+method+to+identify+the+source+of+an+outbreak+of+Legionnaires+disease&rft.au=Whitney%2C+C+G%3BHofmann%2C+J%3BPruckler%2C+J%3BMatyas%2C+B%3BBenson%2C+R%3BFields%2C+B%3BMermel%2C+L%3BGiorgio%2C+C%3BBreiman%2C+R&rft.aulast=Whitney&rft.aufirst=C&rft.date=2000-12-31&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - SuppNotes - Availability: Books International, PO Box 605, Herndon, VA 22070, Abstracts available. Price $25. Poster Paper No. J192 N1 - Last updated - 2010-05-03 ER - TY - CPAPER T1 - Rodents and hantaviruses: New findings from the Americas and their disease implications AN - 42180817; 3122854 AU - Mills, J N Y1 - 2000/12/31/ PY - 2000 DA - 2000 Dec 31 KW - CPI, Conference Papers Index KW - U 7000:Multidisciplinary UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/42180817?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Acpi&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=conference&rft.jtitle=&rft.atitle=Rodents+and+hantaviruses%3A+New+findings+from+the+Americas+and+their+disease+implications&rft.au=Mills%2C+J+N&rft.aulast=Mills&rft.aufirst=J&rft.date=2000-12-31&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - SuppNotes - Availability: Books International, PO Box 605, Herndon, VA 22070, Abstracts available. Price $25. N1 - Last updated - 2010-05-03 ER - TY - CPAPER T1 - Potential impact of zidovudine on vertical transmission of HIV AN - 42180333; 3122407 AU - Davis, S AU - Byers, B AU - Lindegren, M L AU - Caldwell, B AU - Wasser, S AU - Karon, J AU - Gwinn, M Y1 - 2000/12/31/ PY - 2000 DA - 2000 Dec 31 KW - CPI, Conference Papers Index KW - U 7000:Multidisciplinary UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/42180333?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Acpi&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=conference&rft.jtitle=&rft.atitle=Potential+impact+of+zidovudine+on+vertical+transmission+of+HIV&rft.au=Davis%2C+S%3BByers%2C+B%3BLindegren%2C+M+L%3BCaldwell%2C+B%3BWasser%2C+S%3BKaron%2C+J%3BGwinn%2C+M&rft.aulast=Davis&rft.aufirst=S&rft.date=2000-12-31&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - SuppNotes - Availability: Books International, PO Box 605, Herndon, VA 22070, Abstracts available. Price $25. Paper No. 157 N1 - Last updated - 2010-05-03 ER - TY - CPAPER T1 - Implementation of engineering controls to reduce percutaneous injuries during phlebotomy AN - 42180085; 3122893 AU - Short, L AU - Chamberland, M AU - Gerberding, J AU - Henry, K AU - Campbell, S AU - Srivastava, P AU - McKibben, P AU - Culver, D AU - Bell, D Y1 - 2000/12/31/ PY - 2000 DA - 2000 Dec 31 KW - CPI, Conference Papers Index KW - U 7000:Multidisciplinary UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/42180085?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Acpi&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=conference&rft.jtitle=&rft.atitle=Implementation+of+engineering+controls+to+reduce+percutaneous+injuries+during+phlebotomy&rft.au=Short%2C+L%3BChamberland%2C+M%3BGerberding%2C+J%3BHenry%2C+K%3BCampbell%2C+S%3BSrivastava%2C+P%3BMcKibben%2C+P%3BCulver%2C+D%3BBell%2C+D&rft.aulast=Short&rft.aufirst=L&rft.date=2000-12-31&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - SuppNotes - Availability: Books International, PO Box 605, Herndon, VA 22070, Abstracts available. Price $25. Paper No. J139 N1 - Last updated - 2010-05-03 ER - TY - CPAPER T1 - Use and safety of acellular pertussis vaccine among adult hospital staff during an outbreak of pertussis AN - 42178737; 3122203 AU - Shefer, A AU - Nelson, M AU - Dales, L AU - Liston, T AU - Werner, S B AU - Baron, R AU - Jackson, R Y1 - 2000/12/31/ PY - 2000 DA - 2000 Dec 31 KW - CPI, Conference Papers Index KW - U 7000:Multidisciplinary UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/42178737?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Acpi&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=conference&rft.jtitle=&rft.atitle=Use+and+safety+of+acellular+pertussis+vaccine+among+adult+hospital+staff+during+an+outbreak+of+pertussis&rft.au=Shefer%2C+A%3BNelson%2C+M%3BDales%2C+L%3BListon%2C+T%3BWerner%2C+S+B%3BBaron%2C+R%3BJackson%2C+R&rft.aulast=Shefer&rft.aufirst=A&rft.date=2000-12-31&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - SuppNotes - Availability: Books International, PO Box 605, Herndon, VA 22070, Abstracts available. Price $25. Poster Paper No. G39 N1 - Last updated - 2010-05-03 ER - TY - CPAPER T1 - Ability of 14 antimicrobial susceptibility testing systems to detect vancomycin-resistant enterococci AN - 42178721; 3122210 AU - Tenover, F C AU - Swenson, J M AU - O'Hara, C M AU - Stocker, SA Y1 - 2000/12/31/ PY - 2000 DA - 2000 Dec 31 KW - CPI, Conference Papers Index KW - U 7000:Multidisciplinary UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/42178721?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Acpi&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=conference&rft.jtitle=&rft.atitle=Ability+of+14+antimicrobial+susceptibility+testing+systems+to+detect+vancomycin-resistant+enterococci&rft.au=Tenover%2C+F+C%3BSwenson%2C+J+M%3BO%27Hara%2C+C+M%3BStocker%2C+SA&rft.aulast=Tenover&rft.aufirst=F&rft.date=2000-12-31&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - SuppNotes - Availability: Books International, PO Box 605, Herndon, VA 22070, Abstracts available. Price $25. Poster Paper No. E1 N1 - Last updated - 2010-05-03 ER - TY - CPAPER T1 - Human isolates of Dermabacter hominis, formerly CDC group 3 and CDC group 5 AN - 42026465; 3101867 AU - Gruner, E AU - Steigerwalt, A G AU - Hollis, D G AU - Weyant, R S AU - Weaver, R E AU - Brenner, D J Y1 - 2000/12/31/ PY - 2000 DA - 2000 Dec 31 KW - CPI, Conference Papers Index KW - U 2000:BIOLOGY GENERAL UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/42026465?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Acpi&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=conference&rft.jtitle=&rft.atitle=Human+isolates+of+Dermabacter+hominis%2C+formerly+CDC+group+3+and+CDC+group+5&rft.au=Gruner%2C+E%3BSteigerwalt%2C+A+G%3BHollis%2C+D+G%3BWeyant%2C+R+S%3BWeaver%2C+R+E%3BBrenner%2C+D+J&rft.aulast=Gruner&rft.aufirst=E&rft.date=2000-12-31&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - SuppNotes - Availability: American Society for Microbiology, 1325 Massachusetts Ave., NW, Washington, DC 20005, Abstracts. Poster Paper No. R6 N1 - Last updated - 2010-05-03 ER - TY - CPAPER T1 - Epidemiologic and clinical aspects of enterohemorrhagic Escherichia coli infection AN - 42025970; 3102233 AU - Griffin, P M Y1 - 2000/12/31/ PY - 2000 DA - 2000 Dec 31 KW - CPI, Conference Papers Index KW - U 2000:BIOLOGY GENERAL UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/42025970?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Acpi&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=conference&rft.jtitle=&rft.atitle=Epidemiologic+and+clinical+aspects+of+enterohemorrhagic+Escherichia+coli+infection&rft.au=Griffin%2C+P+M&rft.aulast=Griffin&rft.aufirst=P&rft.date=2000-12-31&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - SuppNotes - Availability: American Society for Microbiology, 1325 Massachusetts Ave., NW, Washington, DC 20005, Abstracts. N1 - Last updated - 2010-05-03 ER - TY - CPAPER T1 - Comparison of ribotyping and multilocus enzyme electrophoresis for subtyping of Listeria monocytogenes AN - 42025144; 3102170 AU - Graves, L M AU - Swaminathan, B AU - Reeves, M W AU - Hunter, S B AU - Weaver, R E AU - Plikaytis, B D AU - Schuchat, A Y1 - 2000/12/31/ PY - 2000 DA - 2000 Dec 31 KW - CPI, Conference Papers Index KW - U 2000:BIOLOGY GENERAL UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/42025144?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Acpi&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=conference&rft.jtitle=&rft.atitle=Comparison+of+ribotyping+and+multilocus+enzyme+electrophoresis+for+subtyping+of+Listeria+monocytogenes&rft.au=Graves%2C+L+M%3BSwaminathan%2C+B%3BReeves%2C+M+W%3BHunter%2C+S+B%3BWeaver%2C+R+E%3BPlikaytis%2C+B+D%3BSchuchat%2C+A&rft.aulast=Graves&rft.aufirst=L&rft.date=2000-12-31&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - SuppNotes - Availability: American Society for Microbiology, 1325 Massachusetts Ave., NW, Washington, DC 20005, Abstracts. Paper No. P48 N1 - Last updated - 2010-05-03 ER - TY - CPAPER T1 - Antibody response in breeder mice to hemolytic group B streptococcus serogroup Ia/c AN - 42023835; 3102333 AU - Elliott, J AU - Geistfeld, J AU - Thigpen, J AU - Reed, T AU - Facklam, R Y1 - 2000/12/31/ PY - 2000 DA - 2000 Dec 31 KW - CPI, Conference Papers Index KW - U 2000:BIOLOGY GENERAL UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/42023835?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Acpi&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=conference&rft.jtitle=&rft.atitle=Antibody+response+in+breeder+mice+to+hemolytic+group+B+streptococcus+serogroup+Ia%2Fc&rft.au=Elliott%2C+J%3BGeistfeld%2C+J%3BThigpen%2C+J%3BReed%2C+T%3BFacklam%2C+R&rft.aulast=Elliott&rft.aufirst=J&rft.date=2000-12-31&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - SuppNotes - Availability: American Society for Microbiology, 1325 Massachusetts Ave., NW, Washington, DC 20005, Abstracts. Poster Paper No. B213 N1 - Last updated - 2010-05-03 ER - TY - CPAPER T1 - Immune and serologic profiles of HIV-infected and noninfected hemophilic children and adolescents AN - 42015349; 3101525 AU - Jason, J AU - Murphy, J AU - Sleeper, LA AU - Donfield, S M AU - Warrier, I AU - Arkin, S AU - Evatt, B AU - Comperts, ED Y1 - 2000/12/31/ PY - 2000 DA - 2000 Dec 31 KW - CPI, Conference Papers Index KW - U 2000:BIOLOGY GENERAL UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/42015349?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Acpi&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=conference&rft.jtitle=&rft.atitle=Immune+and+serologic+profiles+of+HIV-infected+and+noninfected+hemophilic+children+and+adolescents&rft.au=Jason%2C+J%3BMurphy%2C+J%3BSleeper%2C+LA%3BDonfield%2C+S+M%3BWarrier%2C+I%3BArkin%2C+S%3BEvatt%2C+B%3BComperts%2C+ED&rft.aulast=Jason&rft.aufirst=J&rft.date=2000-12-31&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - SuppNotes - Availability: American Society for Microbiology, 1325 Massachusetts Ave., NW, Washington, DC 20005, Abstracts. Poster Paper No. T10 N1 - Last updated - 2010-05-03 ER - TY - CPAPER T1 - USDA/APHIS preharvest food safety initiative/NAHMS survey AN - 42009137; 3103337 AU - Gomez, T AU - Stoltenow, C Y1 - 2000/12/31/ PY - 2000 DA - 2000 Dec 31 KW - CPI, Conference Papers Index KW - U 2000:BIOLOGY GENERAL UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/42009137?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Acpi&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=conference&rft.jtitle=&rft.atitle=USDA%2FAPHIS+preharvest+food+safety+initiative%2FNAHMS+survey&rft.au=Gomez%2C+T%3BStoltenow%2C+C&rft.aulast=Gomez&rft.aufirst=T&rft.date=2000-12-31&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - SuppNotes - Availability: American Society for Microbiology, 1325 Massachusetts Ave., NW, Washington, DC 20005, Abstracts. N1 - Last updated - 2010-05-03 ER - TY - CPAPER T1 - Removal of human immunodeficiency virus from fluids containing serum with a 0.04- mu m nylon membrane filter AN - 42009005; 3102439 AU - Oshima, K AU - Comans, T AU - Rowe, T AU - Orloff, S AU - Highsmith, A AU - Ades, E Y1 - 2000/12/31/ PY - 2000 DA - 2000 Dec 31 KW - CPI, Conference Papers Index KW - U 2000:BIOLOGY GENERAL UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/42009005?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Acpi&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=conference&rft.jtitle=&rft.atitle=Removal+of+human+immunodeficiency+virus+from+fluids+containing+serum+with+a+0.04-+mu+m+nylon+membrane+filter&rft.au=Oshima%2C+K%3BComans%2C+T%3BRowe%2C+T%3BOrloff%2C+S%3BHighsmith%2C+A%3BAdes%2C+E&rft.aulast=Oshima&rft.aufirst=K&rft.date=2000-12-31&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - SuppNotes - Availability: American Society for Microbiology, 1325 Massachusetts Ave., NW, Washington, DC 20005, Abstracts. Poster Paper No. Q205 N1 - Last updated - 2010-05-03 ER - TY - CPAPER T1 - Evaluation of two enzyme immunoassays for detection of Clostridium difficile toxins in fecal specimens AN - 42007558; 3100754 AU - Cavallaro, J J AU - Miller, P AU - Wiggs, L AU - Kaplan, R L AU - Miller, J M Y1 - 2000/12/31/ PY - 2000 DA - 2000 Dec 31 KW - CPI, Conference Papers Index KW - U 2000:BIOLOGY GENERAL UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/42007558?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Acpi&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=conference&rft.jtitle=&rft.atitle=Evaluation+of+two+enzyme+immunoassays+for+detection+of+Clostridium+difficile+toxins+in+fecal+specimens&rft.au=Cavallaro%2C+J+J%3BMiller%2C+P%3BWiggs%2C+L%3BKaplan%2C+R+L%3BMiller%2C+J+M&rft.aulast=Cavallaro&rft.aufirst=J&rft.date=2000-12-31&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - SuppNotes - Availability: American Society for Microbiology, 1325 Massachusetts Ave., NW, Washington, DC 20005, Abstracts. Poster Paper No. C11 N1 - Last updated - 2010-05-03 ER - TY - CPAPER T1 - Combination of citric acid and heat pasteurization as a means of disinfecting medical devices AN - 42007467; 3100718 AU - Bland, LA AU - Arduino, MJ AU - McAllister, S K AU - Bland, MA AU - Aguero, S M Y1 - 2000/12/31/ PY - 2000 DA - 2000 Dec 31 KW - CPI, Conference Papers Index KW - U 2000:BIOLOGY GENERAL UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/42007467?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Acpi&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=conference&rft.jtitle=&rft.atitle=Combination+of+citric+acid+and+heat+pasteurization+as+a+means+of+disinfecting+medical+devices&rft.au=Bland%2C+LA%3BArduino%2C+MJ%3BMcAllister%2C+S+K%3BBland%2C+MA%3BAguero%2C+S+M&rft.aulast=Bland&rft.aufirst=LA&rft.date=2000-12-31&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - SuppNotes - Availability: American Society for Microbiology, 1325 Massachusetts Ave., NW, Washington, DC 20005, Abstracts. Poster Paper No. Q13 N1 - Last updated - 2010-05-03 ER - TY - CPAPER T1 - Infectious hazards associated with animal research AN - 42007216; 3102770 AU - Kaufmann, A F Y1 - 2000/12/31/ PY - 2000 DA - 2000 Dec 31 KW - CPI, Conference Papers Index KW - U 2000:BIOLOGY GENERAL UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/42007216?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Acpi&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=conference&rft.jtitle=&rft.atitle=Infectious+hazards+associated+with+animal+research&rft.au=Kaufmann%2C+A+F&rft.aulast=Kaufmann&rft.aufirst=A&rft.date=2000-12-31&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - SuppNotes - Availability: American Society for Microbiology, 1325 Massachusetts Ave., NW, Washington, DC 20005, Abstracts. N1 - Last updated - 2010-05-03 ER - TY - CPAPER T1 - Comparison of the identification of Citrobacter DNA hybridization genomospecies with Baxter MicroSCAN Walk/Away, vitek, biolog microstation system, IDS RapID onE system, and API 20E AN - 42005649; 3102134 AU - Roman, S B AU - O'Hara, C M AU - Miller, J M Y1 - 2000/12/31/ PY - 2000 DA - 2000 Dec 31 KW - CPI, Conference Papers Index KW - U 2000:BIOLOGY GENERAL UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/42005649?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Acpi&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=conference&rft.jtitle=&rft.atitle=Comparison+of+the+identification+of+Citrobacter+DNA+hybridization+genomospecies+with+Baxter+MicroSCAN+Walk%2FAway%2C+vitek%2C+biolog+microstation+system%2C+IDS+RapID+onE+system%2C+and+API+20E&rft.au=Roman%2C+S+B%3BO%27Hara%2C+C+M%3BMiller%2C+J+M&rft.aulast=Roman&rft.aufirst=S&rft.date=2000-12-31&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - SuppNotes - Availability: American Society for Microbiology, 1325 Massachusetts Ave., NW, Washington, DC 20005, Abstracts. Poster Paper No. C256 N1 - Last updated - 2010-05-03 ER - TY - CPAPER T1 - Evaluation of methods for isolation and identification of lactose-fermenting Salmonella AN - 42005483; 3103054 AU - Puhr, N AU - O'Hara, C AU - Miller, M AU - Bopp, C AU - Wells, J Y1 - 2000/12/31/ PY - 2000 DA - 2000 Dec 31 KW - CPI, Conference Papers Index KW - U 2000:BIOLOGY GENERAL UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/42005483?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Acpi&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=conference&rft.jtitle=&rft.atitle=Evaluation+of+methods+for+isolation+and+identification+of+lactose-fermenting+Salmonella&rft.au=Puhr%2C+N%3BO%27Hara%2C+C%3BMiller%2C+M%3BBopp%2C+C%3BWells%2C+J&rft.aulast=Puhr&rft.aufirst=N&rft.date=2000-12-31&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - SuppNotes - Availability: American Society for Microbiology, 1325 Massachusetts Ave., NW, Washington, DC 20005, Abstracts. Poster Paper No. C378 N1 - Last updated - 2010-05-03 ER - TY - CPAPER T1 - Comparative effects of quinoline and 8-hydroxyquinoline on glutathione levels, DNA fragmentation and enzyme induction in cultured rat hepatocytes AN - 42004899; 3086630 AU - Tirmenstein, MA AU - Snawder, JE AU - Plews, P I AU - Torraason, M Y1 - 2000/12/31/ PY - 2000 DA - 2000 Dec 31 KW - CPI, Conference Papers Index KW - U 7500:PHARMACOLOGY UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/42004899?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Acpi&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=conference&rft.jtitle=&rft.atitle=Comparative+effects+of+quinoline+and+8-hydroxyquinoline+on+glutathione+levels%2C+DNA+fragmentation+and+enzyme+induction+in+cultured+rat+hepatocytes&rft.au=Tirmenstein%2C+MA%3BSnawder%2C+JE%3BPlews%2C+P+I%3BTorraason%2C+M&rft.aulast=Tirmenstein&rft.aufirst=MA&rft.date=2000-12-31&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - SuppNotes - Availability: Society of Toxicology, 1767 Business Center Drive, Suite 302, Reston, VA 22090-5332, USA, Price $38.. Poster Paper No. 702 N1 - Last updated - 2010-05-03 ER - TY - CPAPER T1 - Characterization of HIV-1 strains present in Uganda AN - 42004576; 3103442 AU - Dela Torre, N AU - Luo, C-C AU - Rapier, J AU - Robitz, A AU - Wright, A AU - Downing, R AU - Jackson, B AU - Schochetman, G AU - Kalish, M L Y1 - 2000/12/31/ PY - 2000 DA - 2000 Dec 31 KW - CPI, Conference Papers Index KW - U 2000:BIOLOGY GENERAL UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/42004576?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Acpi&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=conference&rft.jtitle=&rft.atitle=Characterization+of+HIV-1+strains+present+in+Uganda&rft.au=Dela+Torre%2C+N%3BLuo%2C+C-C%3BRapier%2C+J%3BRobitz%2C+A%3BWright%2C+A%3BDowning%2C+R%3BJackson%2C+B%3BSchochetman%2C+G%3BKalish%2C+M+L&rft.aulast=Dela+Torre&rft.aufirst=N&rft.date=2000-12-31&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - SuppNotes - Availability: American Society for Microbiology, 1325 Massachusetts Ave., NW, Washington, DC 20005, Abstracts. Poster Paper No. H232 N1 - Last updated - 2010-05-03 ER - TY - CPAPER T1 - Isolation and characterization of a Mycobacterium smegmatis hemolysin AN - 42001269; 3100963 AU - King, CH AU - Sammons, M AU - Shinnick, T M Y1 - 2000/12/31/ PY - 2000 DA - 2000 Dec 31 KW - CPI, Conference Papers Index KW - U 2000:BIOLOGY GENERAL UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/42001269?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Acpi&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=conference&rft.jtitle=&rft.atitle=Isolation+and+characterization+of+a+Mycobacterium+smegmatis+hemolysin&rft.au=King%2C+CH%3BSammons%2C+M%3BShinnick%2C+T+M&rft.aulast=King&rft.aufirst=CH&rft.date=2000-12-31&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - SuppNotes - Availability: American Society for Microbiology, 1325 Massachusetts Ave., NW, Washington, DC 20005, Abstracts. Paper No. U27 N1 - Last updated - 2010-05-03 ER - TY - CPAPER T1 - Escherichia coli O157:H7 diarrhea in the United States: A 10-center surveillance study AN - 42001139; 3064438 AU - Ries, A AU - Griffin, P AU - Greene, K Y1 - 2000/12/31/ PY - 2000 DA - 2000 Dec 31 KW - CPI, Conference Papers Index KW - U 7000:MULTIDISCIPLINARY UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/42001139?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Acpi&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=conference&rft.jtitle=&rft.atitle=Escherichia+coli+O157%3AH7+diarrhea+in+the+United+States%3A+A+10-center+surveillance+study&rft.au=Ries%2C+A%3BGriffin%2C+P%3BGreene%2C+K&rft.aulast=Ries&rft.aufirst=A&rft.date=2000-12-31&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - SuppNotes - Availability: ASM PressP.O. Box 605 Herndon, VA 22070; ph: (703)787-3305, Program and Abstracts Paper No. 1454 N1 - Last updated - 2010-05-03 ER - TY - CPAPER T1 - Population-based active surveillance for cryptococcal disease AN - 42000267; 3064283 AU - Pinner, R W AU - Shihata, N AU - Anderson, G AU - Reingold, A AU - Harvey, C AU - Farley, M M Y1 - 2000/12/31/ PY - 2000 DA - 2000 Dec 31 KW - CPI, Conference Papers Index KW - U 7000:MULTIDISCIPLINARY UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/42000267?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Acpi&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=conference&rft.jtitle=&rft.atitle=Population-based+active+surveillance+for+cryptococcal+disease&rft.au=Pinner%2C+R+W%3BShihata%2C+N%3BAnderson%2C+G%3BReingold%2C+A%3BHarvey%2C+C%3BFarley%2C+M+M&rft.aulast=Pinner&rft.aufirst=R&rft.date=2000-12-31&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - SuppNotes - Availability: ASM PressP.O. Box 605 Herndon, VA 22070; ph: (703)787-3305, Program and Abstracts Poster Paper No. 1326 N1 - Last updated - 2010-05-03 ER - TY - CPAPER T1 - Cluster of Escherichia coli O157:H7 infections traced to a manured vegetable garden AN - 41999225; 3064237 AU - Cieslak, P AU - Gensheimer, K AU - Beckett, G AU - Buffington, J AU - Smith, G AU - Wells, J Y1 - 2000/12/31/ PY - 2000 DA - 2000 Dec 31 KW - CPI, Conference Papers Index KW - U 7000:MULTIDISCIPLINARY UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/41999225?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Acpi&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=conference&rft.jtitle=&rft.atitle=Cluster+of+Escherichia+coli+O157%3AH7+infections+traced+to+a+manured+vegetable+garden&rft.au=Cieslak%2C+P%3BGensheimer%2C+K%3BBeckett%2C+G%3BBuffington%2C+J%3BSmith%2C+G%3BWells%2C+J&rft.aulast=Cieslak&rft.aufirst=P&rft.date=2000-12-31&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - SuppNotes - Availability: ASM PressP.O. Box 605 Herndon, VA 22070; ph: (703)787-3305, Program and Abstracts Poster Paper No. 1280 N1 - Last updated - 2010-05-03 ER - TY - CPAPER T1 - Spread of a drug-resistant pneumococcal strain among Alaskan children AN - 41998989; 3064139 AU - Ussery, X AU - Gessner, B AU - Tien, P AU - Elliott, J AU - Parkinson, A AU - Lipman, H Y1 - 2000/12/31/ PY - 2000 DA - 2000 Dec 31 KW - CPI, Conference Papers Index KW - U 7000:MULTIDISCIPLINARY UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/41998989?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Acpi&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=conference&rft.jtitle=&rft.atitle=Spread+of+a+drug-resistant+pneumococcal+strain+among+Alaskan+children&rft.au=Ussery%2C+X%3BGessner%2C+B%3BTien%2C+P%3BElliott%2C+J%3BParkinson%2C+A%3BLipman%2C+H&rft.aulast=Ussery&rft.aufirst=X&rft.date=2000-12-31&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - SuppNotes - Availability: ASM PressP.O. Box 605 Herndon, VA 22070; ph: (703)787-3305, Program and Abstracts Paper No. 1184 N1 - Last updated - 2010-05-03 ER - TY - CPAPER T1 - Role of the National Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) in the importation of nonhuman primates 1993 update AN - 41979136; 3057188 AU - Ostrowski Y1 - 2000/12/31/ PY - 2000 DA - 2000 Dec 31 KW - CPI, Conference Papers Index KW - U 2000:BIOLOGY GENERAL KW - U 1000:ANIMAL AND PLANT SCIENCE UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/41979136?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Acpi&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=conference&rft.jtitle=&rft.atitle=Role+of+the+National+Centers+for+Disease+Control+and+Prevention+%28CDC%29+in+the+importation+of+nonhuman+primates+1993+update&rft.au=Ostrowski&rft.aulast=Ostrowski&rft.aufirst=&rft.date=2000-12-31&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - SuppNotes - Availability: Allen Press, Inc.P.O. Box 1897, Lawrence, KS 66044 Attn: Danette Knowlton, Proceedings N1 - Last updated - 2010-05-03 ER - TY - CPAPER T1 - Evaluation of alternative antimicrobial agents for the therapy of Rhodococcus equi infections in HIV-infected patients AN - 41977963; 3063080 AU - McNeil, M M AU - Brown, J M Y1 - 2000/12/31/ PY - 2000 DA - 2000 Dec 31 KW - CPI, Conference Papers Index KW - U 7000:MULTIDISCIPLINARY UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/41977963?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Acpi&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=conference&rft.jtitle=&rft.atitle=Evaluation+of+alternative+antimicrobial+agents+for+the+therapy+of+Rhodococcus+equi+infections+in+HIV-infected+patients&rft.au=McNeil%2C+M+M%3BBrown%2C+J+M&rft.aulast=McNeil&rft.aufirst=M&rft.date=2000-12-31&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - SuppNotes - Availability: ASM PressP.O. Box 605 Herndon, VA 22070; ph: (703)787-3305, Program and Abstracts Poster Paper No. 221 N1 - Last updated - 2010-05-03 ER - TY - CPAPER T1 - Occupationally acquired human immunodeficiency virus infections in health care workers AN - 41976641; 3063507 AU - Ciesielski, C AU - Metler, R AU - Hammett, T AU - Fleming, P AU - Ward, J Y1 - 2000/12/31/ PY - 2000 DA - 2000 Dec 31 KW - CPI, Conference Papers Index KW - U 7000:MULTIDISCIPLINARY UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/41976641?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Acpi&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=conference&rft.jtitle=&rft.atitle=Occupationally+acquired+human+immunodeficiency+virus+infections+in+health+care+workers&rft.au=Ciesielski%2C+C%3BMetler%2C+R%3BHammett%2C+T%3BFleming%2C+P%3BWard%2C+J&rft.aulast=Ciesielski&rft.aufirst=C&rft.date=2000-12-31&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - SuppNotes - Availability: ASM PressP.O. Box 605 Herndon, VA 22070; ph: (703)787-3305, Program and Abstracts Paper No. 616 N1 - Last updated - 2010-05-03 ER - TY - CPAPER T1 - Impact of narrow-necked water vessels and home chlorination on fecal coliform and Escherichia coli colony counts in drinking water in a Bolivian community at risk for cholera AN - 41965948; 3064443 AU - Quick, R AU - Venczel, L AU - Gonzalez, O AU - Damiani, E AU - Highsmith, A AU - Espada, A Y1 - 2000/12/31/ PY - 2000 DA - 2000 Dec 31 KW - CPI, Conference Papers Index KW - U 7000:MULTIDISCIPLINARY UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/41965948?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Acpi&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=conference&rft.jtitle=&rft.atitle=Impact+of+narrow-necked+water+vessels+and+home+chlorination+on+fecal+coliform+and+Escherichia+coli+colony+counts+in+drinking+water+in+a+Bolivian+community+at+risk+for+cholera&rft.au=Quick%2C+R%3BVenczel%2C+L%3BGonzalez%2C+O%3BDamiani%2C+E%3BHighsmith%2C+A%3BEspada%2C+A&rft.aulast=Quick&rft.aufirst=R&rft.date=2000-12-31&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - SuppNotes - Availability: ASM PressP.O. Box 605 Herndon, VA 22070; ph: (703)787-3305, Program and Abstracts Paper No. 1459 N1 - Last updated - 2010-05-03 ER - TY - CPAPER T1 - Outbreak of a Norwalk-like virus infection associated with nonfrosted bakery items AN - 41965607; 3064448 AU - McFarland, J AU - Ristinen, T AU - Hedberg, C AU - White, K AU - Korlath, J AU - MacDonald, K Y1 - 2000/12/31/ PY - 2000 DA - 2000 Dec 31 KW - CPI, Conference Papers Index KW - U 7000:MULTIDISCIPLINARY UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/41965607?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Acpi&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=conference&rft.jtitle=&rft.atitle=Outbreak+of+a+Norwalk-like+virus+infection+associated+with+nonfrosted+bakery+items&rft.au=McFarland%2C+J%3BRistinen%2C+T%3BHedberg%2C+C%3BWhite%2C+K%3BKorlath%2C+J%3BMacDonald%2C+K&rft.aulast=McFarland&rft.aufirst=J&rft.date=2000-12-31&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - SuppNotes - Availability: ASM PressP.O. Box 605 Herndon, VA 22070; ph: (703)787-3305, Program and Abstracts Paper No. 1464 N1 - Last updated - 2010-05-03 ER - TY - CPAPER T1 - Effectiveness of computer-generated telephone messages at increasing immunization visits AN - 41964163; 3064631 AU - Linkins, R AU - Dini, G AU - Patriarca, P Y1 - 2000/12/31/ PY - 2000 DA - 2000 Dec 31 KW - CPI, Conference Papers Index KW - U 7000:MULTIDISCIPLINARY UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/41964163?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Acpi&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=conference&rft.jtitle=&rft.atitle=Effectiveness+of+computer-generated+telephone+messages+at+increasing+immunization+visits&rft.au=Linkins%2C+R%3BDini%2C+G%3BPatriarca%2C+P&rft.aulast=Linkins&rft.aufirst=R&rft.date=2000-12-31&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - SuppNotes - Availability: ASM PressP.O. Box 605 Herndon, VA 22070; ph: (703)787-3305, Program and Abstracts Poster Paper No. 1648 N1 - Last updated - 2010-05-03 ER - TY - CPAPER T1 - Diagnostic approach to possible group A streptococcal pharyngitis and the impact of the clinical laboratory improvement act AN - 41963955; 3064543 AU - Schwartz, B AU - Lipman, H B AU - Fries, S M Y1 - 2000/12/31/ PY - 2000 DA - 2000 Dec 31 KW - CPI, Conference Papers Index KW - U 7000:MULTIDISCIPLINARY UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/41963955?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Acpi&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=conference&rft.jtitle=&rft.atitle=Diagnostic+approach+to+possible+group+A+streptococcal+pharyngitis+and+the+impact+of+the+clinical+laboratory+improvement+act&rft.au=Schwartz%2C+B%3BLipman%2C+H+B%3BFries%2C+S+M&rft.aulast=Schwartz&rft.aufirst=B&rft.date=2000-12-31&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - SuppNotes - Availability: ASM PressP.O. Box 605 Herndon, VA 22070; ph: (703)787-3305, Program and Abstracts Poster Paper No. 1558 N1 - Last updated - 2010-05-03 ER - TY - CPAPER T1 - Outbreak of Escherichia coli O157:H7-associated diarrheal illness in California AN - 41962880; 3064235 AU - Shefer, A AU - Ginsberg, M AU - Koo, D AU - Griffin, P AU - Werner, S B AU - Mintz, E Y1 - 2000/12/31/ PY - 2000 DA - 2000 Dec 31 KW - CPI, Conference Papers Index KW - U 7000:MULTIDISCIPLINARY UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/41962880?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Acpi&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=conference&rft.jtitle=&rft.atitle=Outbreak+of+Escherichia+coli+O157%3AH7-associated+diarrheal+illness+in+California&rft.au=Shefer%2C+A%3BGinsberg%2C+M%3BKoo%2C+D%3BGriffin%2C+P%3BWerner%2C+S+B%3BMintz%2C+E&rft.aulast=Shefer&rft.aufirst=A&rft.date=2000-12-31&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - SuppNotes - Availability: ASM PressP.O. Box 605 Herndon, VA 22070; ph: (703)787-3305, Program and Abstracts Poster Paper No. 1278 N1 - Last updated - 2010-05-03 ER - TY - CPAPER T1 - Multistate food-borne outbreak of Escherichia coli O157:H7: The Washington experience AN - 41961871; 3064437 AU - Bell, B P AU - Goldoft, M AU - Griffin, P AU - Lewis, J AU - Barrett, T AU - Wells, J Y1 - 2000/12/31/ PY - 2000 DA - 2000 Dec 31 KW - CPI, Conference Papers Index KW - U 7000:MULTIDISCIPLINARY UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/41961871?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Acpi&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=conference&rft.jtitle=&rft.atitle=Multistate+food-borne+outbreak+of+Escherichia+coli+O157%3AH7%3A+The+Washington+experience&rft.au=Bell%2C+B+P%3BGoldoft%2C+M%3BGriffin%2C+P%3BLewis%2C+J%3BBarrett%2C+T%3BWells%2C+J&rft.aulast=Bell&rft.aufirst=B&rft.date=2000-12-31&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - SuppNotes - Availability: ASM PressP.O. Box 605 Herndon, VA 22070; ph: (703)787-3305, Program and Abstracts Paper No. 1453 N1 - Last updated - 2010-05-03 ER - TY - CPAPER T1 - AIDS cases with tuberculosis reported under the new 1993 AIDS surveillance definition, USA AN - 41961735; 3064375 AU - Jones, J L AU - Fleming, P L AU - Ward, J W Y1 - 2000/12/31/ PY - 2000 DA - 2000 Dec 31 KW - CPI, Conference Papers Index KW - U 7000:MULTIDISCIPLINARY UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/41961735?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Acpi&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=conference&rft.jtitle=&rft.atitle=Risk+factors+for+human+immunodeficiency+virus+type+2+infection+in+Guinea+Bissau&rft.au=Harrison%2C+L+H%3BDa+Silva%2C+APJ%3BAlbino%2C+P%3BDel+Castillo%2C+F%3BLee-Thomas%2C+S%3BGayle%2C+H+D&rft.aulast=Harrison&rft.aufirst=L&rft.date=2000-12-31&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - SuppNotes - Availability: ASM PressP.O. Box 605 Herndon, VA 22070; ph: (703)787-3305, Program and Abstracts Paper No. 1400 N1 - Last updated - 2010-05-03 ER - TY - CPAPER T1 - In vitro antimycobacterial activity of novel multicyclic, fused-ring oxazolidinones AN - 41960865; 3062928 AU - Kilburn, J AU - Glickman, S AU - Brickner, S AU - Manninen, P AU - Ulanowicz, D AU - Lovasz, K Y1 - 2000/12/31/ PY - 2000 DA - 2000 Dec 31 KW - CPI, Conference Papers Index KW - U 7000:MULTIDISCIPLINARY UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/41960865?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Acpi&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=conference&rft.jtitle=&rft.atitle=In+vitro+antimycobacterial+activity+of+novel+multicyclic%2C+fused-ring+oxazolidinones&rft.au=Kilburn%2C+J%3BGlickman%2C+S%3BBrickner%2C+S%3BManninen%2C+P%3BUlanowicz%2C+D%3BLovasz%2C+K&rft.aulast=Kilburn&rft.aufirst=J&rft.date=2000-12-31&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - SuppNotes - Availability: ASM PressP.O. Box 605 Herndon, VA 22070; ph: (703)787-3305, Program and Abstracts Paper No. 73 N1 - Last updated - 2010-05-03 ER - TY - CPAPER T1 - Completeness of AIDS indicator disease reporting in the United States AN - 41960626; 3064293 AU - Jones, J AU - Hanson, D AU - Chu, S AU - Hu, D AU - Fleming, P AU - Ward, J Y1 - 2000/12/31/ PY - 2000 DA - 2000 Dec 31 KW - CPI, Conference Papers Index KW - U 7000:MULTIDISCIPLINARY UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/41960626?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Acpi&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=conference&rft.jtitle=&rft.atitle=Completeness+of+AIDS+indicator+disease+reporting+in+the+United+States&rft.au=Jones%2C+J%3BHanson%2C+D%3BChu%2C+S%3BHu%2C+D%3BFleming%2C+P%3BWard%2C+J&rft.aulast=Jones&rft.aufirst=J&rft.date=2000-12-31&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - SuppNotes - Availability: ASM PressP.O. Box 605 Herndon, VA 22070; ph: (703)787-3305, Program and Abstracts Poster Paper No. 1336 N1 - Last updated - 2010-05-03 ER - TY - CPAPER T1 - Biliary complications of treatment for suspected Lyme disease, New Jersey AN - 41959739; 3063476 AU - Ettestad, P AU - Campbell, G AU - Welbel, S AU - Spitalny, K AU - Genese, C AU - Dennis, D Y1 - 2000/12/31/ PY - 2000 DA - 2000 Dec 31 KW - CPI, Conference Papers Index KW - U 7000:MULTIDISCIPLINARY UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/41959739?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Acpi&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=conference&rft.jtitle=&rft.atitle=Biliary+complications+of+treatment+for+suspected+Lyme+disease%2C+New+Jersey&rft.au=Ettestad%2C+P%3BCampbell%2C+G%3BWelbel%2C+S%3BSpitalny%2C+K%3BGenese%2C+C%3BDennis%2C+D&rft.aulast=Ettestad&rft.aufirst=P&rft.date=2000-12-31&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - SuppNotes - Availability: ASM PressP.O. Box 605 Herndon, VA 22070; ph: (703)787-3305, Program and Abstracts Paper No. 600 N1 - Last updated - 2010-05-03 ER - TY - CPAPER T1 - High prevalence of penicillin and cefotaxime-resistant pneumococci AN - 41958536; 3064700 AU - Arnold, KE AU - Leggiadro, R J AU - Appleton, MA AU - Hill, B AU - Davis, Y AU - Bringle, D Y1 - 2000/12/31/ PY - 2000 DA - 2000 Dec 31 KW - CPI, Conference Papers Index KW - U 7000:MULTIDISCIPLINARY UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/41958536?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Acpi&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=conference&rft.jtitle=&rft.atitle=High+prevalence+of+penicillin+and+cefotaxime-resistant+pneumococci&rft.au=Arnold%2C+KE%3BLeggiadro%2C+R+J%3BAppleton%2C+MA%3BHill%2C+B%3BDavis%2C+Y%3BBringle%2C+D&rft.aulast=Arnold&rft.aufirst=KE&rft.date=2000-12-31&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - SuppNotes - Availability: ASM PressP.O. Box 605 Herndon, VA 22070; ph: (703)787-3305, Program and Abstracts N1 - Last updated - 2010-05-03 ER - TY - CPAPER T1 - Comparison of Mycobacterium avium complex strains isolated from AIDS patients with those isolated from water in the Los Angeles area AN - 41957576; 3063397 AU - Yakrus, M AU - Smith, C AU - Holtzman, A AU - Aronson, T AU - Glover, N AU - Froman, S Y1 - 2000/12/31/ PY - 2000 DA - 2000 Dec 31 KW - CPI, Conference Papers Index KW - U 7000:MULTIDISCIPLINARY UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/41957576?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Acpi&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=conference&rft.jtitle=&rft.atitle=Comparison+of+Mycobacterium+avium+complex+strains+isolated+from+AIDS+patients+with+those+isolated+from+water+in+the+Los+Angeles+area&rft.au=Yakrus%2C+M%3BSmith%2C+C%3BHoltzman%2C+A%3BAronson%2C+T%3BGlover%2C+N%3BFroman%2C+S&rft.aulast=Yakrus&rft.aufirst=M&rft.date=2000-12-31&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - SuppNotes - Availability: ASM PressP.O. Box 605 Herndon, VA 22070; ph: (703)787-3305, Program and Abstracts Poster Paper No. 529 N1 - Last updated - 2010-05-03 ER - TY - CPAPER T1 - Encephalopathy and liver lesions in patients with cat scratch disease AN - 41949889; 3064364 AU - Schmidt, MJ Y1 - 2000/12/31/ PY - 2000 DA - 2000 Dec 31 KW - CPI, Conference Papers Index KW - U 7000:MULTIDISCIPLINARY UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/41949889?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Acpi&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=conference&rft.jtitle=&rft.atitle=Encephalopathy+and+liver+lesions+in+patients+with+cat+scratch+disease&rft.au=Schmidt%2C+MJ&rft.aulast=Schmidt&rft.aufirst=MJ&rft.date=2000-12-31&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - SuppNotes - Availability: ASM PressP.O. Box 605 Herndon, VA 22070; ph: (703)787-3305, Program and Abstracts N1 - Last updated - 2010-05-03 ER - TY - CPAPER T1 - Community-wide spread of drug-resistant Streptococcus pneumoniae among children in rural Kentucky AN - 41946814; 3064138 AU - Duchin, J AU - Diamond, A AU - Block, S AU - Hedrick, J AU - Elliott, J AU - Thompson, T Y1 - 2000/12/31/ PY - 2000 DA - 2000 Dec 31 KW - CPI, Conference Papers Index KW - U 7000:MULTIDISCIPLINARY UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/41946814?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Acpi&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=conference&rft.jtitle=&rft.atitle=Community-wide+spread+of+drug-resistant+Streptococcus+pneumoniae+among+children+in+rural+Kentucky&rft.au=Duchin%2C+J%3BDiamond%2C+A%3BBlock%2C+S%3BHedrick%2C+J%3BElliott%2C+J%3BThompson%2C+T&rft.aulast=Duchin&rft.aufirst=J&rft.date=2000-12-31&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - SuppNotes - Availability: ASM PressP.O. Box 605 Herndon, VA 22070; ph: (703)787-3305, Program and Abstracts Paper No. 1183 N1 - Last updated - 2010-05-03 ER - TY - CPAPER T1 - Serogroup C meningococcal outbreaks in the United States: Epidemiologic and laboratory analysis AN - 41945629; 3064343 AU - Jackson, L AU - Schuchat, A AU - Jafari, H AU - Tappero, J AU - Reeves, M AU - Swaminathan, B Y1 - 2000/12/31/ PY - 2000 DA - 2000 Dec 31 KW - CPI, Conference Papers Index KW - U 7000:MULTIDISCIPLINARY UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/41945629?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Acpi&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=conference&rft.jtitle=&rft.atitle=Serogroup+C+meningococcal+outbreaks+in+the+United+States%3A+Epidemiologic+and+laboratory+analysis&rft.au=Jackson%2C+L%3BSchuchat%2C+A%3BJafari%2C+H%3BTappero%2C+J%3BReeves%2C+M%3BSwaminathan%2C+B&rft.aulast=Jackson&rft.aufirst=L&rft.date=2000-12-31&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - SuppNotes - Availability: ASM PressP.O. Box 605 Herndon, VA 22070; ph: (703)787-3305, Program and Abstracts Poster Paper No. 1387 N1 - Last updated - 2010-05-03 ER - TY - CPAPER T1 - Prevalence of Neisseria meningitidis relatively resistant to penicillin in selected areas of the United States, 1991 AN - 41944990; 3063084 AU - Jackson, L AU - Tenover, F AU - Baker, C AU - Weaver, R AU - Wenger, J Y1 - 2000/12/31/ PY - 2000 DA - 2000 Dec 31 KW - CPI, Conference Papers Index KW - U 7000:MULTIDISCIPLINARY UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/41944990?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Acpi&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=conference&rft.jtitle=&rft.atitle=Prevalence+of+Neisseria+meningitidis+relatively+resistant+to+penicillin+in+selected+areas+of+the+United+States%2C+1991&rft.au=Jackson%2C+L%3BTenover%2C+F%3BBaker%2C+C%3BWeaver%2C+R%3BWenger%2C+J&rft.aulast=Jackson&rft.aufirst=L&rft.date=2000-12-31&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - SuppNotes - Availability: ASM PressP.O. Box 605 Herndon, VA 22070; ph: (703)787-3305, Program and Abstracts Poster Paper No. 225 N1 - Last updated - 2010-05-03 ER - TY - CPAPER T1 - Nucleotide sequence analysis of the 5.8S rDNA genes and adjacent internal transcribed spacer region of Candida species and the development of species-specific probes AN - 41944961; 3064649 AU - Kuykendall, R J AU - Reiss, E AU - Lott, T J Y1 - 2000/12/31/ PY - 2000 DA - 2000 Dec 31 KW - CPI, Conference Papers Index KW - U 7000:MULTIDISCIPLINARY UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/41944961?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Acpi&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=conference&rft.jtitle=&rft.atitle=Nucleotide+sequence+analysis+of+the+5.8S+rDNA+genes+and+adjacent+internal+transcribed+spacer+region+of+Candida+species+and+the+development+of+species-specific+probes&rft.au=Kuykendall%2C+R+J%3BReiss%2C+E%3BLott%2C+T+J&rft.aulast=Kuykendall&rft.aufirst=R&rft.date=2000-12-31&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - SuppNotes - Availability: ASM PressP.O. Box 605 Herndon, VA 22070; ph: (703)787-3305, Program and Abstracts Poster Paper No. 1666 N1 - Last updated - 2010-05-03 ER - TY - CPAPER T1 - Utility of serum interleukin-6 levels in differentiating bloodstream infection-positive and -negative sepsis episodes in neonatal intensive care unit patients AN - 41944001; 3063603 AU - Sague, C AU - Bland, L AU - Arduino, M AU - McAllister, S AU - Jarvis, W Y1 - 2000/12/31/ PY - 2000 DA - 2000 Dec 31 KW - CPI, Conference Papers Index KW - U 7000:MULTIDISCIPLINARY UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/41944001?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Acpi&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=conference&rft.jtitle=&rft.atitle=Utility+of+serum+interleukin-6+levels+in+differentiating+bloodstream+infection-positive+and+-negative+sepsis+episodes+in+neonatal+intensive+care+unit+patients&rft.au=Sague%2C+C%3BBland%2C+L%3BArduino%2C+M%3BMcAllister%2C+S%3BJarvis%2C+W&rft.aulast=Sague&rft.aufirst=C&rft.date=2000-12-31&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - SuppNotes - Availability: ASM PressP.O. Box 605 Herndon, VA 22070; ph: (703)787-3305, Program and Abstracts Poster Paper No. 705 N1 - Last updated - 2010-05-03 ER - TY - CPAPER T1 - Surveillance for legionnaires' disease, 1980 to 1989: Risk factors for disease and disease-related mortality AN - 41943702; 3064347 AU - Marston, B AU - Lipman, H AU - Breiman, R Y1 - 2000/12/31/ PY - 2000 DA - 2000 Dec 31 KW - CPI, Conference Papers Index KW - U 7000:MULTIDISCIPLINARY UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/41943702?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Acpi&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=conference&rft.jtitle=&rft.atitle=Surveillance+for+legionnaires%27+disease%2C+1980+to+1989%3A+Risk+factors+for+disease+and+disease-related+mortality&rft.au=Marston%2C+B%3BLipman%2C+H%3BBreiman%2C+R&rft.aulast=Marston&rft.aufirst=B&rft.date=2000-12-31&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - SuppNotes - Availability: ASM PressP.O. Box 605 Herndon, VA 22070; ph: (703)787-3305, Program and Abstracts Poster Paper No. 1391 N1 - Last updated - 2010-05-03 ER - TY - CPAPER T1 - Clonal outbreak of Neisseria meningitidis serogroup C disease in western Georgia; Risk factors for disease AN - 41943654; 3064345 AU - Jafari, H AU - Schuchat, A AU - McClure, R AU - Jackson, L AU - Hofer, L AU - Toomey, K Y1 - 2000/12/31/ PY - 2000 DA - 2000 Dec 31 KW - CPI, Conference Papers Index KW - U 7000:MULTIDISCIPLINARY UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/41943654?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Acpi&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=conference&rft.jtitle=&rft.atitle=Clonal+outbreak+of+Neisseria+meningitidis+serogroup+C+disease+in+western+Georgia%3B+Risk+factors+for+disease&rft.au=Jafari%2C+H%3BSchuchat%2C+A%3BMcClure%2C+R%3BJackson%2C+L%3BHofer%2C+L%3BToomey%2C+K&rft.aulast=Jafari&rft.aufirst=H&rft.date=2000-12-31&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - SuppNotes - Availability: ASM PressP.O. Box 605 Herndon, VA 22070; ph: (703)787-3305, Program and Abstracts Poster Paper No. 1389 N1 - Last updated - 2010-05-03 ER - TY - CPAPER T1 - Impact of the expanded AIDS surveillance definition on AIDS case reporting in 1993 AN - 41942236; 3064052 AU - Ward, J AU - Wortley, P Y1 - 2000/12/31/ PY - 2000 DA - 2000 Dec 31 KW - CPI, Conference Papers Index KW - U 7000:MULTIDISCIPLINARY UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/41942236?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Acpi&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=conference&rft.jtitle=&rft.atitle=Impact+of+the+expanded+AIDS+surveillance+definition+on+AIDS+case+reporting+in+1993&rft.au=Ward%2C+J%3BWortley%2C+P&rft.aulast=Ward&rft.aufirst=J&rft.date=2000-12-31&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - SuppNotes - Availability: ASM PressP.O. Box 605 Herndon, VA 22070; ph: (703)787-3305, Program and Abstracts Paper No. 1113 N1 - Last updated - 2010-05-03 ER - TY - CPAPER T1 - Excess risk of vaccine-associated paralytic poliomyelitis, Romania, 1984-1992 AN - 41941656; 3064633 AU - Strebel, P AU - Combiescu, A AU - Nedelcu, N AU - Biberi, S AU - Combiescu, M AU - Sutter, R Y1 - 2000/12/31/ PY - 2000 DA - 2000 Dec 31 KW - CPI, Conference Papers Index KW - U 7000:MULTIDISCIPLINARY UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/41941656?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Acpi&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=conference&rft.jtitle=&rft.atitle=Excess+risk+of+vaccine-associated+paralytic+poliomyelitis%2C+Romania%2C+1984-1992&rft.au=Strebel%2C+P%3BCombiescu%2C+A%3BNedelcu%2C+N%3BBiberi%2C+S%3BCombiescu%2C+M%3BSutter%2C+R&rft.aulast=Strebel&rft.aufirst=P&rft.date=2000-12-31&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - SuppNotes - Availability: ASM PressP.O. Box 605 Herndon, VA 22070; ph: (703)787-3305, Program and Abstracts Poster Paper No. 1650 N1 - Last updated - 2010-05-03 ER - TY - CPAPER T1 - Cutaneous infections in human immunodeficiency virus-positive patients: Bacillary angiomatosis and other bacterial, viral, fungal, and parasitic diseases AN - 41940986; 3064129 AU - Tappero, J Y1 - 2000/12/31/ PY - 2000 DA - 2000 Dec 31 KW - CPI, Conference Papers Index KW - U 7000:MULTIDISCIPLINARY UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/41940986?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Acpi&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=conference&rft.jtitle=&rft.atitle=Cutaneous+infections+in+human+immunodeficiency+virus-positive+patients%3A+Bacillary+angiomatosis+and+other+bacterial%2C+viral%2C+fungal%2C+and+parasitic+diseases&rft.au=Tappero%2C+J&rft.aulast=Tappero&rft.aufirst=J&rft.date=2000-12-31&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - SuppNotes - Availability: ASM PressP.O. Box 605 Herndon, VA 22070; ph: (703)787-3305, Program and Abstracts N1 - Last updated - 2010-05-03 ER - TY - CPAPER T1 - Multiple false reactions in viral antibody screening tests AN - 41937352; 3063572 AU - Simonsen, L AU - Buffington, J AU - Shapiro, C AU - Holman, R AU - Strine, T AU - Alter, M Y1 - 2000/12/31/ PY - 2000 DA - 2000 Dec 31 KW - CPI, Conference Papers Index KW - U 7000:MULTIDISCIPLINARY UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/41937352?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Acpi&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=conference&rft.jtitle=&rft.atitle=Multiple+false+reactions+in+viral+antibody+screening+tests&rft.au=Simonsen%2C+L%3BBuffington%2C+J%3BShapiro%2C+C%3BHolman%2C+R%3BStrine%2C+T%3BAlter%2C+M&rft.aulast=Simonsen&rft.aufirst=L&rft.date=2000-12-31&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - SuppNotes - Availability: ASM PressP.O. Box 605 Herndon, VA 22070; ph: (703)787-3305, Program and Abstracts Poster Paper No. 675 N1 - Last updated - 2010-05-03 ER - TY - CPAPER T1 - HIV infection in poor, undereducated U.S. adolescents: Increasing prevalence in females, 1988-1990 AN - 41727071; 2674619 AU - Conway, G A AU - Hayman, C R AU - Munn, V P AU - Satten, G A AU - Miller, CA AU - Miller, K S Y1 - 2000/12/31/ PY - 2000 DA - 2000 Dec 31 KW - CPI, Conference Papers Index KW - U 3500:CLINICAL MEDICINE KW - U 2000:BIOLOGY GENERAL KW - U 4500:EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/41727071?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Acpi&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=conference&rft.jtitle=&rft.atitle=HIV+infection+in+poor%2C+undereducated+U.S.+adolescents%3A+Increasing+prevalence+in+females%2C+1988-1990&rft.au=Conway%2C+G+A%3BHayman%2C+C+R%3BMunn%2C+V+P%3BSatten%2C+G+A%3BMiller%2C+CA%3BMiller%2C+K+S&rft.aulast=Conway&rft.aufirst=G&rft.date=2000-12-31&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - SuppNotes - Availability: Attn.: Cecilia Avico, VIIth International Conference on AIDS, Istituto Superiore di Sanita, Laboratory of Virology, Viale Regina Elena, 299, 00161 Rome, Italy, Abstracts Poster Paper No. W.C.3268 N1 - Last updated - 2010-05-03 ER - TY - CPAPER T1 - Risk factors for HIV infection among abandoned Romanian children AN - 41722194; 2666243 AU - Hersh, B AU - Popovici, F AU - Jezek, Z AU - Satten, G AU - Apetrei, R AU - George, R Y1 - 2000/12/31/ PY - 2000 DA - 2000 Dec 31 KW - CPI, Conference Papers Index KW - U 3500:CLINICAL MEDICINE KW - U 2000:BIOLOGY GENERAL KW - U 4500:EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/41722194?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Acpi&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=conference&rft.jtitle=&rft.atitle=Vitamin+E+deficiency+increases+susceptibility+of+the+Balb%2FC+mouse+to+MDMA-induced+dopaminergic+neurotoxicity&rft.au=Johnson%2C+E+A%3BShvedova%2C+A+A%3BKisin%2C+E%3BO%27Callaghan%2C+J+P%3BKommineni%2C+C%3BMiller%2C+D+B&rft.aulast=Johnson&rft.aufirst=E&rft.date=2000-12-31&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - SuppNotes - Availability: Attn.: Cecilia Avico, VIIth International Conference on AIDS, Istituto Superiore di Sanita, Laboratory of Virology, Viale Regina Elena, 299, 00161 Rome, Italy, Abstracts Paper No. TH.D.109 N1 - Last updated - 2010-05-03 ER - TY - CPAPER T1 - Nosocomial outbreak of isoniazid- and streptomycin-resistant tuberculosis (TB) among AIDS patients at a New York City Hospital AN - 41705896; 2658831 AU - Edlin, B R AU - Tokars, JI AU - Grieco, M H AU - Crawford, J AU - Williams, J AU - Sordillo, E Y1 - 2000/12/31/ PY - 2000 DA - 2000 Dec 31 KW - CPI, Conference Papers Index KW - U 3500:CLINICAL MEDICINE KW - U 2000:BIOLOGY GENERAL KW - U 4500:EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/41705896?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Acpi&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=conference&rft.jtitle=&rft.atitle=Nosocomial+outbreak+of+isoniazid-+and+streptomycin-resistant+tuberculosis+%28TB%29+among+AIDS+patients+at+a+New+York+City+Hospital&rft.au=Edlin%2C+B+R%3BTokars%2C+JI%3BGrieco%2C+M+H%3BCrawford%2C+J%3BWilliams%2C+J%3BSordillo%2C+E&rft.aulast=Edlin&rft.aufirst=B&rft.date=2000-12-31&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - SuppNotes - Availability: Attn.: Cecilia Avico, VIIth International Conference on AIDS, Istituto Superiore di Sanita, Laboratory of Virology, Viale Regina Elena, 299, 00161 Rome, Italy, Abstracts Poster Paper No. M.B.2172 N1 - Last updated - 2010-05-03 ER - TY - CPAPER T1 - Perceived barriers to condom use, type of partner, and readiness to use condoms AN - 41678826; 2675045 AU - O'Reilly, K R AU - Higgins, D L AU - Sheridan, J S AU - Galavotti, C AU - Schnell, D AU - Beeker, C Y1 - 2000/12/31/ PY - 2000 DA - 2000 Dec 31 KW - CPI, Conference Papers Index KW - U 3500:CLINICAL MEDICINE KW - U 2000:BIOLOGY GENERAL KW - U 4500:EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/41678826?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Acpi&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=conference&rft.jtitle=&rft.atitle=Perceived+barriers+to+condom+use%2C+type+of+partner%2C+and+readiness+to+use+condoms&rft.au=O%27Reilly%2C+K+R%3BHiggins%2C+D+L%3BSheridan%2C+J+S%3BGalavotti%2C+C%3BSchnell%2C+D%3BBeeker%2C+C&rft.aulast=O%27Reilly&rft.aufirst=K&rft.date=2000-12-31&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - SuppNotes - Availability: Attn.: Cecilia Avico, VIIth International Conference on AIDS, Istituto Superiore di Sanita, Laboratory of Virology, Viale Regina Elena, 299, 00161 Rome, Italy, Abstracts Poster Paper No. W.C.3357 N1 - Last updated - 2010-05-03 ER - TY - CPAPER T1 - Women and AIDS: The increasing role of heterosexual transmission in the United States AN - 41673766; 2665701 AU - Berkelman, R AU - Fleming, P AU - Chu, S AU - Hanson, D Y1 - 2000/12/31/ PY - 2000 DA - 2000 Dec 31 KW - CPI, Conference Papers Index KW - U 3500:CLINICAL MEDICINE KW - U 2000:BIOLOGY GENERAL KW - U 4500:EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/41673766?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Acpi&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=conference&rft.jtitle=&rft.atitle=Women+and+AIDS%3A+The+increasing+role+of+heterosexual+transmission+in+the+United+States&rft.au=Berkelman%2C+R%3BFleming%2C+P%3BChu%2C+S%3BHanson%2C+D&rft.aulast=Berkelman&rft.aufirst=R&rft.date=2000-12-31&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - SuppNotes - Availability: Attn.: Cecilia Avico, VIIth International Conference on AIDS, Istituto Superiore di Sanita, Laboratory of Virology, Viale Regina Elena, 299, 00161 Rome, Italy, Abstracts Paper No. W.C.102 N1 - Last updated - 2010-05-03 ER - TY - CPAPER T1 - Characterization of the catalase activity present in Neisseria gonorrhoeae AN - 41640388; 2538234 AU - Johnson, S AU - Arko, R AU - Steiner, B Y1 - 2000/12/31/ PY - 2000 DA - 2000 Dec 31 KW - CPI, Conference Papers Index KW - U 2000:BIOLOGY GENERAL UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/41640388?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Acpi&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=conference&rft.jtitle=&rft.atitle=Characterization+of+the+catalase+activity+present+in+Neisseria+gonorrhoeae&rft.au=Johnson%2C+S%3BArko%2C+R%3BSteiner%2C+B&rft.aulast=Johnson&rft.aufirst=S&rft.date=2000-12-31&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - SuppNotes - Availability: ASM, 1325 Massachusetts Avenue NW, Washington, DC 20005, USA, Poster Paper No. B180 N1 - Last updated - 2010-05-03 ER - TY - CPAPER T1 - Pseudoepidemic of legionnaires disease linked to false-positive Legionella urinary antigen test results AN - 41639465; 2533022 AU - Reichler, M R AU - Martin, W T AU - Mishu, B AU - Benson, R F AU - Starns, C AU - Barbaree, J M Y1 - 2000/12/31/ PY - 2000 DA - 2000 Dec 31 KW - CPI, Conference Papers Index KW - U 2000:BIOLOGY GENERAL UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/41639465?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Acpi&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=conference&rft.jtitle=&rft.atitle=Pseudoepidemic+of+legionnaires+disease+linked+to+false-positive+Legionella+urinary+antigen+test+results&rft.au=Reichler%2C+M+R%3BMartin%2C+W+T%3BMishu%2C+B%3BBenson%2C+R+F%3BStarns%2C+C%3BBarbaree%2C+J+M&rft.aulast=Reichler&rft.aufirst=M&rft.date=2000-12-31&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - SuppNotes - Availability: ASM, 1325 Massachusetts Avenue NW, Washington, DC 20005, USA, Poster Paper No. C31 N1 - Last updated - 2010-05-03 ER - TY - CPAPER T1 - Use of western blotting technique to type Clostridium difficile associated with a hospital outbreak AN - 41639017; 2537400 AU - Kato, H AU - Cavallaro, J J AU - Bartley, S AU - Dowell, VR Jr AU - Auerbach, S AU - Nelson, D Y1 - 2000/12/31/ PY - 2000 DA - 2000 Dec 31 KW - CPI, Conference Papers Index KW - U 2000:BIOLOGY GENERAL UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/41639017?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Acpi&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=conference&rft.jtitle=&rft.atitle=Use+of+western+blotting+technique+to+type+Clostridium+difficile+associated+with+a+hospital+outbreak&rft.au=Kato%2C+H%3BCavallaro%2C+J+J%3BBartley%2C+S%3BDowell%2C+VR+Jr%3BAuerbach%2C+S%3BNelson%2C+D&rft.aulast=Kato&rft.aufirst=H&rft.date=2000-12-31&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - SuppNotes - Availability: ASM, 1325 Massachusetts Avenue NW, Washington, DC 20005, USA, Poster Paper No. C199 N1 - Last updated - 2010-05-03 ER - TY - CPAPER T1 - Taxonomic evaluation of the genus Madurella AN - 41638517; 2533670 AU - Padhye, A A AU - McGinnis, M R Y1 - 2000/12/31/ PY - 2000 DA - 2000 Dec 31 KW - CPI, Conference Papers Index KW - U 2000:BIOLOGY GENERAL UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/41638517?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Acpi&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=conference&rft.jtitle=&rft.atitle=Taxonomic+evaluation+of+the+genus+Madurella&rft.au=Padhye%2C+A+A%3BMcGinnis%2C+M+R&rft.aulast=Padhye&rft.aufirst=A&rft.date=2000-12-31&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - SuppNotes - Availability: ASM, 1325 Massachusetts Avenue NW, Washington, DC 20005, USA, Paper No. F22 N1 - Last updated - 2010-05-03 ER - TY - CPAPER T1 - Lactococcus garvieae infection in humans: A cause of prosthetic valve endocarditis AN - 41635313; 2540838 AU - Furutan, N P AU - Breiman, R F AU - Fischer, MA AU - Facklam, R R Y1 - 2000/12/31/ PY - 2000 DA - 2000 Dec 31 KW - CPI, Conference Papers Index KW - U 2000:BIOLOGY GENERAL UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/41635313?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Acpi&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=conference&rft.jtitle=&rft.atitle=Lactococcus+garvieae+infection+in+humans%3A+A+cause+of+prosthetic+valve+endocarditis&rft.au=Furutan%2C+N+P%3BBreiman%2C+R+F%3BFischer%2C+MA%3BFacklam%2C+R+R&rft.aulast=Furutan&rft.aufirst=N&rft.date=2000-12-31&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - SuppNotes - Availability: ASM, 1325 Massachusetts Avenue NW, Washington, DC 20005, USA, Poster Paper No. C297 N1 - Last updated - 2010-05-03 ER - TY - CPAPER T1 - Numerical analysis of leptospiral proteins for determination of phenotypic relatedness AN - 41634151; 2539682 AU - Pope, V Y1 - 2000/12/31/ PY - 2000 DA - 2000 Dec 31 KW - CPI, Conference Papers Index KW - U 2000:BIOLOGY GENERAL UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/41634151?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Acpi&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=conference&rft.jtitle=&rft.atitle=Numerical+analysis+of+leptospiral+proteins+for+determination+of+phenotypic+relatedness&rft.au=Pope%2C+V&rft.aulast=Pope&rft.aufirst=V&rft.date=2000-12-31&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - SuppNotes - Availability: ASM, 1325 Massachusetts Avenue NW, Washington, DC 20005, USA, Poster Paper No. H146 N1 - Last updated - 2010-05-03 ER - TY - CPAPER T1 - Characterization of conditions for continuous cultivation of Legionella pneumophila -infected Hartmannella vermiformis AN - 41629729; 2542149 AU - Kellogg, R B AU - Fields, B S Y1 - 2000/12/31/ PY - 2000 DA - 2000 Dec 31 KW - CPI, Conference Papers Index KW - U 2000:BIOLOGY GENERAL UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/41629729?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Acpi&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=conference&rft.jtitle=&rft.atitle=Characterization+of+conditions+for+continuous+cultivation+of+Legionella+pneumophila+-infected+Hartmannella+vermiformis&rft.au=Kellogg%2C+R+B%3BFields%2C+B+S&rft.aulast=Kellogg&rft.aufirst=R&rft.date=2000-12-31&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - SuppNotes - Availability: ASM, 1325 Massachusetts Avenue NW, Washington, DC 20005, USA, Poster Paper No. D176 N1 - Last updated - 2010-05-03 ER - TY - CPAPER T1 - Treatment of human serum to inactivate human immunodeficiency virus and hepatitis B virus before determination of antibody levels to Neisseria meningitidis group A polysaccharide by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay AN - 41627118; 2541704 AU - Bibb, W F AU - Dewitt, W E AU - Helsel, LO AU - Carlone, G M AU - Gheesling, L L AU - Turner, SH Y1 - 2000/12/31/ PY - 2000 DA - 2000 Dec 31 KW - CPI, Conference Papers Index KW - U 2000:BIOLOGY GENERAL UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/41627118?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Acpi&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=conference&rft.jtitle=&rft.atitle=Treatment+of+human+serum+to+inactivate+human+immunodeficiency+virus+and+hepatitis+B+virus+before+determination+of+antibody+levels+to+Neisseria+meningitidis+group+A+polysaccharide+by+enzyme-linked+immunosorbent+assay&rft.au=Bibb%2C+W+F%3BDewitt%2C+W+E%3BHelsel%2C+LO%3BCarlone%2C+G+M%3BGheesling%2C+L+L%3BTurner%2C+SH&rft.aulast=Bibb&rft.aufirst=W&rft.date=2000-12-31&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - SuppNotes - Availability: ASM, 1325 Massachusetts Avenue NW, Washington, DC 20005, USA, Poster Paper No. C327 N1 - Last updated - 2010-05-03 ER - TY - CPAPER T1 - Characterization of a murine monoclonal antibody to the transmembrane glycoprotein of human immunodeficiency virus type 2 AN - 41611558; 2534504 AU - Granade, T AU - Parekh, B AU - Phillips, S AU - Pau, C AU - George, J R Y1 - 2000/12/31/ PY - 2000 DA - 2000 Dec 31 KW - CPI, Conference Papers Index KW - U 2000:BIOLOGY GENERAL UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/41611558?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Acpi&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=conference&rft.jtitle=&rft.atitle=Diagnosis+and+characterization+of+enterovirus+70+acute+hemorrhagic+conjunctivitis+with+monoclonal+antibodies&rft.au=Anderson%2C+L+J%3BHatch%2C+M+H%3BFlemister%2C+M+R&rft.aulast=Anderson&rft.aufirst=L&rft.date=2000-12-31&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - SuppNotes - Availability: ASM, 1325 Massachusetts Avenue NW, Washington, DC 20005, USA, Poster Paper No. T16 N1 - Last updated - 2010-05-03 ER - TY - CPAPER T1 - Optimum dissociating conditions for immunoaffinity and preferential isolation of antibodies with high specific activity AN - 41608472; 2501945 AU - Tsang, VCW AU - Wilkins, P Y1 - 2000/12/31/ PY - 2000 DA - 2000 Dec 31 KW - CPI, Conference Papers Index KW - U 3500:CLINICAL MEDICINE KW - U 2000:BIOLOGY GENERAL KW - U 4500:EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE KW - U 1500:BIOCHEMISTRY KW - U 1000:ANIMAL AND PLANT SCIENCE UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/41608472?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Acpi&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=conference&rft.jtitle=&rft.atitle=Optimum+dissociating+conditions+for+immunoaffinity+and+preferential+isolation+of+antibodies+with+high+specific+activity&rft.au=Tsang%2C+VCW%3BWilkins%2C+P&rft.aulast=Tsang&rft.aufirst=VCW&rft.date=2000-12-31&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - SuppNotes - Availability: FASEB, 9650 Rockville Pike, Bethesda, MD 20814, USA, Abstracts, FASEB Journal Poster Paper N1 - Last updated - 2010-05-03 ER - TY - CPAPER T1 - Multilocus Enzyme electrophoresis and rDNA restriction profile analysis of survey isolates of group B Streptococcus associated with neonatal infection AN - 41606756; 2537337 AU - Hunter, S AU - Woods, T AU - Reeves, M AU - Schuchat, A AU - Pigott, N Y1 - 2000/12/31/ PY - 2000 DA - 2000 Dec 31 KW - CPI, Conference Papers Index KW - U 2000:BIOLOGY GENERAL UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/41606756?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Acpi&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=conference&rft.jtitle=&rft.atitle=Multilocus+Enzyme+electrophoresis+and+rDNA+restriction+profile+analysis+of+survey+isolates+of+group+B+Streptococcus+associated+with+neonatal+infection&rft.au=Hunter%2C+S%3BWoods%2C+T%3BReeves%2C+M%3BSchuchat%2C+A%3BPigott%2C+N&rft.aulast=Hunter&rft.aufirst=S&rft.date=2000-12-31&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - SuppNotes - Availability: ASM, 1325 Massachusetts Avenue NW, Washington, DC 20005, USA, Poster Paper No. C182 N1 - Last updated - 2010-05-03 ER - TY - CPAPER T1 - Detection of streptococcal pyrogenic exotoxin genes by nested polymerase chain reaction followed by magnetic separation and colorimetric detection AN - 41606039; 2534347 AU - Black, C M AU - Talkington, D F AU - Facklam, R P AU - Hornes, E AU - Olsvik, O Y1 - 2000/12/31/ PY - 2000 DA - 2000 Dec 31 KW - CPI, Conference Papers Index KW - U 2000:BIOLOGY GENERAL UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/41606039?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Acpi&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=conference&rft.jtitle=&rft.atitle=Detection+of+streptococcal+pyrogenic+exotoxin+genes+by+nested+polymerase+chain+reaction+followed+by+magnetic+separation+and+colorimetric+detection&rft.au=Black%2C+C+M%3BTalkington%2C+D+F%3BFacklam%2C+R+P%3BHornes%2C+E%3BOlsvik%2C+O&rft.aulast=Black&rft.aufirst=C&rft.date=2000-12-31&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - SuppNotes - Availability: ASM, 1325 Massachusetts Avenue NW, Washington, DC 20005, USA, Poster Paper No. D41 N1 - Last updated - 2010-05-03 ER - TY - CPAPER T1 - Puerto Rican emergency Shelter Surveillance System AN - 41605896; 3471119 AU - Daley, W R AU - Batts-Osborne, D AU - Deseda, C Y1 - 2000/12/31/ PY - 2000 DA - 2000 Dec 31 KW - CPI, Conference Papers Index KW - U 3500:Clinical Medicine KW - U 4500:Experimental Medicine UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/41605896?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Acpi&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=conference&rft.jtitle=&rft.atitle=Puerto+Rican+emergency+Shelter+Surveillance+System&rft.au=Daley%2C+W+R%3BBatts-Osborne%2C+D%3BDeseda%2C+C&rft.aulast=Daley&rft.aufirst=W&rft.date=2000-12-31&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - SuppNotes - Availability: Society for Healthcare Epidemiology of America, 19 Mantua Road, Mt. Royal, NJ 08061, USA; phone: 609-423-7222 x 350; fax: 609-423-3420; email: sheamtg@talley.com; URL: www.medscape.com/shea, Abstracts available. Price $25. Paper No. S61 N1 - Last updated - 2010-05-03 ER - TY - CPAPER T1 - Point prevalence surveys of nosocomial infections in a large tertiary care hospital, Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam, 1998 AN - 41605773; 3471004 AU - Parvez, F M AU - Archibald, L K AU - Pham, V AU - Hai, Hoang Hoa AU - Hoa, Le Tuyet AU - Thanh, Nguyen Hoang AU - Jarvis, W R Y1 - 2000/12/31/ PY - 2000 DA - 2000 Dec 31 KW - CPI, Conference Papers Index KW - U 3500:Clinical Medicine KW - U 4500:Experimental Medicine UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/41605773?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Acpi&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=conference&rft.jtitle=&rft.atitle=Point+prevalence+surveys+of+nosocomial+infections+in+a+large+tertiary+care+hospital%2C+Ho+Chi+Minh+City%2C+Vietnam%2C+1998&rft.au=Parvez%2C+F+M%3BArchibald%2C+L+K%3BPham%2C+V%3BHai%2C+Hoang+Hoa%3BHoa%2C+Le+Tuyet%3BThanh%2C+Nguyen+Hoang%3BJarvis%2C+W+R&rft.aulast=Parvez&rft.aufirst=F&rft.date=2000-12-31&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - SuppNotes - Availability: Society for Healthcare Epidemiology of America, 19 Mantua Road, Mt. Royal, NJ 08061, USA; phone: 609-423-7222 x 350; fax: 609-423-3420; email: sheamtg@talley.com; URL: www.medscape.com/shea, Abstracts available. Price $25. Paper No. 30 N1 - Last updated - 2010-05-03 ER - TY - CPAPER T1 - Adverse responses to semisynthetic metal working fluids in B6C3F1 mice AN - 41604710; 3459121 AU - Al-Humadi, N H AU - Kommineni, C AU - Shvedova, A A AU - Battelli, L AU - Castranova, V Y1 - 2000/12/31/ PY - 2000 DA - 2000 Dec 31 KW - CPI, Conference Papers Index KW - U 7500:Pharmacology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/41604710?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Acpi&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=conference&rft.jtitle=&rft.atitle=Adverse+responses+to+semisynthetic+metal+working+fluids+in+B6C3F1+mice&rft.au=Al-Humadi%2C+N+H%3BKommineni%2C+C%3BShvedova%2C+A+A%3BBattelli%2C+L%3BCastranova%2C+V&rft.aulast=Al-Humadi&rft.aufirst=N&rft.date=2000-12-31&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - SuppNotes - Availability: Society of Toxicology, 1767 Business Center Drive, Suite 302, Reston, VA 20190, USA, Abstracts available. Price $50. Poster Paper No. 353 N1 - Last updated - 2010-05-03 ER - TY - CPAPER T1 - Mouse subcutaneous chamber model for the study of in vivo growth of Haemophilus ducreyi AN - 41603201; 2538224 AU - Trees, D L AU - Arko, R J AU - Morse, SA Y1 - 2000/12/31/ PY - 2000 DA - 2000 Dec 31 KW - CPI, Conference Papers Index KW - U 2000:BIOLOGY GENERAL UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/41603201?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Acpi&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=conference&rft.jtitle=&rft.atitle=Mouse+subcutaneous+chamber+model+for+the+study+of+in+vivo+growth+of+Haemophilus+ducreyi&rft.au=Trees%2C+D+L%3BArko%2C+R+J%3BMorse%2C+SA&rft.aulast=Trees&rft.aufirst=D&rft.date=2000-12-31&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - SuppNotes - Availability: ASM, 1325 Massachusetts Avenue NW, Washington, DC 20005, USA, Poster Paper No. B176 N1 - Last updated - 2010-05-03 ER - TY - CPAPER T1 - Reliability of denominator data collected in the National Surveillance System for Hospital Health Care Workers (NaSH) AN - 41602933; 3471097 AU - Srivastava, P AU - Campbell, S AU - Cardo, D Y1 - 2000/12/31/ PY - 2000 DA - 2000 Dec 31 KW - CPI, Conference Papers Index KW - U 3500:Clinical Medicine KW - U 4500:Experimental Medicine UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/41602933?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Acpi&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=conference&rft.jtitle=&rft.atitle=Reliability+of+denominator+data+collected+in+the+National+Surveillance+System+for+Hospital+Health+Care+Workers+%28NaSH%29&rft.au=Srivastava%2C+P%3BCampbell%2C+S%3BCardo%2C+D&rft.aulast=Srivastava&rft.aufirst=P&rft.date=2000-12-31&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - SuppNotes - Availability: Society for Healthcare Epidemiology of America, 19 Mantua Road, Mt. Royal, NJ 08061, USA; phone: 609-423-7222 x 350; fax: 609-423-3420; email: sheamtg@talley.com; URL: www.medscape.com/shea, Abstracts available. Price $25. Paper No. S39 N1 - Last updated - 2010-05-03 ER - TY - CPAPER T1 - Epidemiology of multiply resistant Streptococcus pneumoniae at a day care center AN - 41602143; 2542443 AU - Reichler, M AU - Allphin, A AU - Schreiber, J AU - Arnold, J AU - McDougal, L AU - Boxerbaum, B Y1 - 2000/12/31/ PY - 2000 DA - 2000 Dec 31 KW - CPI, Conference Papers Index KW - U 2000:BIOLOGY GENERAL UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/41602143?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Acpi&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=conference&rft.jtitle=&rft.atitle=Epidemiology+of+multiply+resistant+Streptococcus+pneumoniae+at+a+day+care+center&rft.au=Reichler%2C+M%3BAllphin%2C+A%3BSchreiber%2C+J%3BArnold%2C+J%3BMcDougal%2C+L%3BBoxerbaum%2C+B&rft.aulast=Reichler&rft.aufirst=M&rft.date=2000-12-31&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - SuppNotes - Availability: ASM, 1325 Massachusetts Avenue NW, Washington, DC 20005, USA, Poster Paper No. C373 N1 - Last updated - 2010-05-03 ER - TY - CPAPER T1 - How do hospitals worldwide conduct surveillance and control methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA)? AN - 41600977; 3471036 AU - Richet, H Y1 - 2000/12/31/ PY - 2000 DA - 2000 Dec 31 KW - CPI, Conference Papers Index KW - U 3500:Clinical Medicine KW - U 4500:Experimental Medicine UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/41600977?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Acpi&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=conference&rft.jtitle=&rft.atitle=How+do+hospitals+worldwide+conduct+surveillance+and+control+methicillin-resistant+Staphylococcus+aureus+%28MRSA%29%3F&rft.au=Richet%2C+H&rft.aulast=Richet&rft.aufirst=H&rft.date=2000-12-31&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - SuppNotes - Availability: Society for Healthcare Epidemiology of America, 19 Mantua Road, Mt. Royal, NJ 08061, USA; phone: 609-423-7222 x 350; fax: 609-423-3420; email: sheamtg@talley.com; URL: www.medscape.com/shea, Abstracts available. Price $25. Paper No. 62 N1 - Last updated - 2010-05-03 ER - TY - CPAPER T1 - Zymographic method for detecting the enzyme hyaluronidase on polyacrylamide gels and its application to extracts from various bacterial species AN - 41599789; 2540709 AU - Steiner, B AU - Farshy, C AU - Cruce, D Y1 - 2000/12/31/ PY - 2000 DA - 2000 Dec 31 KW - CPI, Conference Papers Index KW - U 2000:BIOLOGY GENERAL UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/41599789?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Acpi&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=conference&rft.jtitle=&rft.atitle=Zymographic+method+for+detecting+the+enzyme+hyaluronidase+on+polyacrylamide+gels+and+its+application+to+extracts+from+various+bacterial+species&rft.au=Steiner%2C+B%3BFarshy%2C+C%3BCruce%2C+D&rft.aulast=Steiner&rft.aufirst=B&rft.date=2000-12-31&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - SuppNotes - Availability: ASM, 1325 Massachusetts Avenue NW, Washington, DC 20005, USA, Poster Paper No. B234 N1 - Last updated - 2010-05-03 ER - TY - CPAPER T1 - Repeated exposure results in the loss of the neuroprotective properties of restraint-induced hypothermia in the substituted amphetamine model of striatal dopaminergic neurotoxicity AN - 41587765; 3460134 AU - Johnson, E A AU - O'Callaghan, J P AU - Miller, D B Y1 - 2000/12/31/ PY - 2000 DA - 2000 Dec 31 KW - CPI, Conference Papers Index KW - U 7500:Pharmacology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/41587765?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Acpi&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=conference&rft.jtitle=&rft.atitle=Repeated+exposure+results+in+the+loss+of+the+neuroprotective+properties+of+restraint-induced+hypothermia+in+the+substituted+amphetamine+model+of+striatal+dopaminergic+neurotoxicity&rft.au=Johnson%2C+E+A%3BO%27Callaghan%2C+J+P%3BMiller%2C+D+B&rft.aulast=Johnson&rft.aufirst=E&rft.date=2000-12-31&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - SuppNotes - Availability: Society of Toxicology, 1767 Business Center Drive, Suite 302, Reston, VA 20190, USA, Abstracts available. Price $50. Poster Paper No. 1366 N1 - Last updated - 2010-05-03 ER - TY - CPAPER T1 - Vancomycin use in pediatric cardiothoracic surgery patients AN - 41573595; 3471200 AU - Sinkowitz-Cochran, R L AU - Shah, S S AU - Keyserling, H L AU - Jarvis, W R Y1 - 2000/12/31/ PY - 2000 DA - 2000 Dec 31 KW - CPI, Conference Papers Index KW - U 3500:Clinical Medicine KW - U 4500:Experimental Medicine UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/41573595?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Acpi&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=conference&rft.jtitle=&rft.atitle=Vancomycin+use+in+pediatric+cardiothoracic+surgery+patients&rft.au=Sinkowitz-Cochran%2C+R+L%3BShah%2C+S+S%3BKeyserling%2C+H+L%3BJarvis%2C+W+R&rft.aulast=Sinkowitz-Cochran&rft.aufirst=R&rft.date=2000-12-31&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - SuppNotes - Availability: Society for Healthcare Epidemiology of America, 19 Mantua Road, Mt. Royal, NJ 08061, USA; phone: 609-423-7222 x 350; fax: 609-423-3420; email: sheamtg@talley.com; URL: www.medscape.com/shea, Abstracts available. Price $25. Poster Paper No. M47 N1 - Last updated - 2010-05-03 ER - TY - CPAPER T1 - Outbreak of corneal endothelial decompensation after intraocular ophthalmic surgery (IOS), Missouri AN - 41568844; 3471045 AU - Duffy, R AU - Brown, S AU - Caldwell, K AU - Edelhauser, H AU - Divan, H AU - Tokars, J AU - Cardo, D AU - Tess, A AU - Sides, S AU - Fisher, C Y1 - 2000/12/31/ PY - 2000 DA - 2000 Dec 31 KW - CPI, Conference Papers Index KW - U 3500:Clinical Medicine KW - U 4500:Experimental Medicine UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/41568844?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Acpi&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=conference&rft.jtitle=&rft.atitle=Outbreak+of+corneal+endothelial+decompensation+after+intraocular+ophthalmic+surgery+%28IOS%29%2C+Missouri&rft.au=Duffy%2C+R%3BBrown%2C+S%3BCaldwell%2C+K%3BEdelhauser%2C+H%3BDivan%2C+H%3BTokars%2C+J%3BCardo%2C+D%3BTess%2C+A%3BSides%2C+S%3BFisher%2C+C&rft.aulast=Duffy&rft.aufirst=R&rft.date=2000-12-31&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - SuppNotes - Availability: Society for Healthcare Epidemiology of America, 19 Mantua Road, Mt. Royal, NJ 08061, USA; phone: 609-423-7222 x 350; fax: 609-423-3420; email: sheamtg@talley.com; URL: www.medscape.com/shea, Abstracts available. Price $25. Paper No. 71 N1 - Last updated - 2010-05-03 ER - TY - CPAPER T1 - Persistent pulmonary inflammation after intratracheal instillation of abrasive blasting agents AN - 41564918; 3459010 AU - Minhas, N S AU - Battelli, LA AU - Porter, D W AU - Goldsmith, W T AU - Dotson, A AU - Jones, W AU - Greskevitch, M AU - Ma, JYC AU - Hubbs, A F Y1 - 2000/12/31/ PY - 2000 DA - 2000 Dec 31 KW - CPI, Conference Papers Index KW - U 7500:Pharmacology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/41564918?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Acpi&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=conference&rft.jtitle=&rft.atitle=Persistent+pulmonary+inflammation+after+intratracheal+instillation+of+abrasive+blasting+agents&rft.au=Minhas%2C+N+S%3BBattelli%2C+LA%3BPorter%2C+D+W%3BGoldsmith%2C+W+T%3BDotson%2C+A%3BJones%2C+W%3BGreskevitch%2C+M%3BMa%2C+JYC%3BHubbs%2C+A+F&rft.aulast=Minhas&rft.aufirst=N&rft.date=2000-12-31&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - SuppNotes - Availability: Society of Toxicology, 1767 Business Center Drive, Suite 302, Reston, VA 20190, USA, Abstracts available. Price $50. Poster Paper No. 242 N1 - Last updated - 2010-05-03 ER - TY - CPAPER T1 - Quality assurance of a direct chlamydial immunofluorescence test under field conditions AN - 41519048; 2313980 AU - Lossick, J AU - Skeels, M AU - Delisle, S AU - Fine, D AU - Mosure, D Y1 - 2000/12/31/ PY - 2000 DA - 2000 Dec 31 KW - CPI, Conference Papers Index KW - U 3500:CLINICAL MEDICINE KW - U 2000:BIOLOGY GENERAL KW - U 4500:EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/41519048?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Acpi&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=conference&rft.jtitle=&rft.atitle=Evaluation+of+gelrite+as+a+substitute+for+agar+in+selective+media+used+for+isolation+of+Neisseria+gonorrhoeae&rft.au=Lewis%2C+J+S%3BChaney%2C+T%3BKellogg%2C+D+S&rft.aulast=Lewis&rft.aufirst=J&rft.date=2000-12-31&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - SuppNotes - Availability: American Society for Microbiology, 1325 Massachusetts Avenue, N.W., Washington, DC 20005, USA. Telephone: (202) 737-3600., Poster Paper N1 - Last updated - 2010-05-03 ER - TY - CPAPER T1 - Zidovudine and alpha interferon susceptibilities correlate with treatment duration and response AN - 41517648; 2314844 AU - Edlin, B R AU - St Clair, MH AU - Weinstein, R A AU - Whaling, S M AU - Kings, D M AU - Connolly, P J Y1 - 2000/12/31/ PY - 2000 DA - 2000 Dec 31 KW - CPI, Conference Papers Index KW - U 3500:CLINICAL MEDICINE KW - U 2000:BIOLOGY GENERAL KW - U 4500:EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/41517648?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Acpi&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=conference&rft.jtitle=&rft.atitle=Zidovudine+and+alpha+interferon+susceptibilities+correlate+with+treatment+duration+and+response&rft.au=Edlin%2C+B+R%3BSt+Clair%2C+MH%3BWeinstein%2C+R+A%3BWhaling%2C+S+M%3BKings%2C+D+M%3BConnolly%2C+P+J&rft.aulast=Edlin&rft.aufirst=B&rft.date=2000-12-31&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - SuppNotes - Availability: American Society for Microbiology, 1325 Massachusetts Avenue, N.W., Washington, DC 20005, USA. Telephone: (202) 737-3600., Poster Paper N1 - Last updated - 2010-05-03 ER - TY - CPAPER T1 - Zidovudine use after occupational exposure to human immunodeficiency virus-infected blood AN - 41514798; 2314644 AU - Tokars, JI AU - Marcus, R A AU - Culver, D H AU - McKibben, P S AU - Bell, D M Y1 - 2000/12/31/ PY - 2000 DA - 2000 Dec 31 KW - CPI, Conference Papers Index KW - U 3500:CLINICAL MEDICINE KW - U 2000:BIOLOGY GENERAL KW - U 4500:EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/41514798?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Acpi&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=conference&rft.jtitle=&rft.atitle=Zidovudine+use+after+occupational+exposure+to+human+immunodeficiency+virus-infected+blood&rft.au=Tokars%2C+JI%3BMarcus%2C+R+A%3BCulver%2C+D+H%3BMcKibben%2C+P+S%3BBell%2C+D+M&rft.aulast=Tokars&rft.aufirst=JI&rft.date=2000-12-31&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - SuppNotes - Availability: American Society for Microbiology, 1325 Massachusetts Avenue, N.W., Washington, DC 20005, USA. Telephone: (202) 737-3600., Paper No. 490 N1 - Last updated - 2010-05-03 ER - TY - CPAPER T1 - Possible human immunodeficiency virus type 1 transmission through artificial insemination of processed semen AN - 41509888; 2312975 AU - Edlin, B R AU - Penberthy, L T AU - Murphy, J J AU - Mahoney, MA AU - Holmberg, S D Y1 - 2000/12/31/ PY - 2000 DA - 2000 Dec 31 KW - CPI, Conference Papers Index KW - U 3500:CLINICAL MEDICINE KW - U 2000:BIOLOGY GENERAL KW - U 4500:EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/41509888?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Acpi&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=conference&rft.jtitle=&rft.atitle=Possible+human+immunodeficiency+virus+type+1+transmission+through+artificial+insemination+of+processed+semen&rft.au=Edlin%2C+B+R%3BPenberthy%2C+L+T%3BMurphy%2C+J+J%3BMahoney%2C+MA%3BHolmberg%2C+S+D&rft.aulast=Edlin&rft.aufirst=B&rft.date=2000-12-31&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - SuppNotes - Availability: American Society for Microbiology, 1325 Massachusetts Avenue, N.W., Washington, DC 20005, USA. Telephone: (202) 737-3600., Poster Paper N1 - Last updated - 2010-05-03 ER - TY - CPAPER T1 - Coxsackie B2 infection and aseptic meningitis in a private school in Alabama, 1989 AN - 41508452; 2313057 AU - Alexander, J P AU - Chapman, LE AU - Pallansch, MA AU - Stephenson, W T AU - Torok, T J AU - Anderson, L J Y1 - 2000/12/31/ PY - 2000 DA - 2000 Dec 31 KW - CPI, Conference Papers Index KW - U 3500:CLINICAL MEDICINE KW - U 2000:BIOLOGY GENERAL KW - U 4500:EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/41508452?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Acpi&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=conference&rft.jtitle=&rft.atitle=Coxsackie+B2+infection+and+aseptic+meningitis+in+a+private+school+in+Alabama%2C+1989&rft.au=Alexander%2C+J+P%3BChapman%2C+LE%3BPallansch%2C+MA%3BStephenson%2C+W+T%3BTorok%2C+T+J%3BAnderson%2C+L+J&rft.aulast=Alexander&rft.aufirst=J&rft.date=2000-12-31&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - SuppNotes - Availability: American Society for Microbiology, 1325 Massachusetts Avenue, N.W., Washington, DC 20005, USA. Telephone: (202) 737-3600., Poster Paper N1 - Last updated - 2010-05-03 ER - TY - CPAPER T1 - Risk factors for human immunodeficiency virus type 2 infection in Guinea Bissau AN - 41504480; 2313868 AU - Harrison, L H AU - Da Silva, APJ AU - Albino, P AU - Del Castillo, F AU - Lee-Thomas, S AU - Gayle, H D Y1 - 2000/12/31/ PY - 2000 DA - 2000 Dec 31 KW - CPI, Conference Papers Index KW - U 3500:CLINICAL MEDICINE KW - U 2000:BIOLOGY GENERAL KW - U 4500:EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/41504480?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Acpi&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=conference&rft.jtitle=&rft.atitle=Risk+factors+for+human+immunodeficiency+virus+type+2+infection+in+Guinea+Bissau&rft.au=Harrison%2C+L+H%3BDa+Silva%2C+APJ%3BAlbino%2C+P%3BDel+Castillo%2C+F%3BLee-Thomas%2C+S%3BGayle%2C+H+D&rft.aulast=Harrison&rft.aufirst=L&rft.date=2000-12-31&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - SuppNotes - Availability: American Society for Microbiology, 1325 Massachusetts Avenue, N.W., Washington, DC 20005, USA. Telephone: (202) 737-3600., Paper No. 312 N1 - Last updated - 2010-05-03 ER - TY - CPAPER T1 - Population-based study of invasive group A streptococcal infections AN - 41476700; 2314706 AU - Hoge, C AU - Schwartz, B AU - Porter, B AU - Strich, H AU - MacNeill-Yoshino, E AU - Komatsu, K Y1 - 2000/12/31/ PY - 2000 DA - 2000 Dec 31 KW - CPI, Conference Papers Index KW - U 3500:CLINICAL MEDICINE KW - U 2000:BIOLOGY GENERAL KW - U 4500:EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/41476700?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Acpi&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=conference&rft.jtitle=&rft.atitle=Population-based+study+of+invasive+group+A+streptococcal+infections&rft.au=Hoge%2C+C%3BSchwartz%2C+B%3BPorter%2C+B%3BStrich%2C+H%3BMacNeill-Yoshino%2C+E%3BKomatsu%2C+K&rft.aulast=Hoge&rft.aufirst=C&rft.date=2000-12-31&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - SuppNotes - Availability: American Society for Microbiology, 1325 Massachusetts Avenue, N.W., Washington, DC 20005, USA. Telephone: (202) 737-3600., Paper No. 506 N1 - Last updated - 2010-05-03 ER - TY - CPAPER T1 - Nocardia transvalensis infections: Clinical spectrum and antimicrobial therapy AN - 41476015; 2317629 AU - McNeil, M AU - Brown, J AU - Georghiou, P AU - Allworth, A AU - Blacklock, Z Y1 - 2000/12/31/ PY - 2000 DA - 2000 Dec 31 KW - CPI, Conference Papers Index KW - U 3500:CLINICAL MEDICINE KW - U 2000:BIOLOGY GENERAL KW - U 4500:EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/41476015?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Acpi&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=conference&rft.jtitle=&rft.atitle=Nocardia+transvalensis+infections%3A+Clinical+spectrum+and+antimicrobial+therapy&rft.au=McNeil%2C+M%3BBrown%2C+J%3BGeorghiou%2C+P%3BAllworth%2C+A%3BBlacklock%2C+Z&rft.aulast=McNeil&rft.aufirst=M&rft.date=2000-12-31&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - SuppNotes - Availability: American Society for Microbiology, 1325 Massachusetts Avenue, N.W., Washington, DC 20005, USA. Telephone: (202) 737-3600., Paper No. 975 N1 - Last updated - 2010-05-03 ER - TY - CPAPER T1 - Seroprevalence of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 among college students, United States, 1988-90 AN - 41471756; 2313855 AU - Edlin, B R AU - Gayle, H D AU - Keeling, R P AU - Brewer, W AU - Rogers, M F Y1 - 2000/12/31/ PY - 2000 DA - 2000 Dec 31 KW - CPI, Conference Papers Index KW - U 3500:CLINICAL MEDICINE KW - U 2000:BIOLOGY GENERAL KW - U 4500:EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/41471756?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Acpi&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=conference&rft.jtitle=&rft.atitle=Seroprevalence+of+human+immunodeficiency+virus+type+1+among+college+students%2C+United+States%2C+1988-90&rft.au=Edlin%2C+B+R%3BGayle%2C+H+D%3BKeeling%2C+R+P%3BBrewer%2C+W%3BRogers%2C+M+F&rft.aulast=Edlin&rft.aufirst=B&rft.date=2000-12-31&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - SuppNotes - Availability: American Society for Microbiology, 1325 Massachusetts Avenue, N.W., Washington, DC 20005, USA. Telephone: (202) 737-3600., Paper No. 308 N1 - Last updated - 2010-05-03 ER - TY - CPAPER T1 - Evaluation of clinical case definitions for pertussis AN - 41471603; 2313597 AU - Strebel, P AU - Farizo, K AU - Onorato, I AU - Patriarca, P AU - Zell, B AU - Cochi, S Y1 - 2000/12/31/ PY - 2000 DA - 2000 Dec 31 KW - CPI, Conference Papers Index KW - U 3500:CLINICAL MEDICINE KW - U 2000:BIOLOGY GENERAL KW - U 4500:EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/41471603?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Acpi&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=conference&rft.jtitle=&rft.atitle=Evaluation+of+clinical+case+definitions+for+pertussis&rft.au=Strebel%2C+P%3BFarizo%2C+K%3BOnorato%2C+I%3BPatriarca%2C+P%3BZell%2C+B%3BCochi%2C+S&rft.aulast=Strebel&rft.aufirst=P&rft.date=2000-12-31&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - SuppNotes - Availability: American Society for Microbiology, 1325 Massachusetts Avenue, N.W., Washington, DC 20005, USA. Telephone: (202) 737-3600., Paper No. 231 N1 - Last updated - 2010-05-03 ER - TY - CPAPER T1 - Salmonella enteritidis outbreaks in the United States, 1985-1989: The epidemic expands AN - 41471177; 2316945 AU - Tauxe, R AU - Lee, L AU - Rodrigue, D AU - Farmer, JJ III AU - Blake, P A Y1 - 2000/12/31/ PY - 2000 DA - 2000 Dec 31 KW - CPI, Conference Papers Index KW - U 3500:CLINICAL MEDICINE KW - U 2000:BIOLOGY GENERAL KW - U 4500:EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/41471177?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Acpi&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=conference&rft.jtitle=&rft.atitle=Salmonella+enteritidis+outbreaks+in+the+United+States%2C+1985-1989%3A+The+epidemic+expands&rft.au=Tauxe%2C+R%3BLee%2C+L%3BRodrigue%2C+D%3BFarmer%2C+JJ+III%3BBlake%2C+P+A&rft.aulast=Tauxe&rft.aufirst=R&rft.date=2000-12-31&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - SuppNotes - Availability: American Society for Microbiology, 1325 Massachusetts Avenue, N.W., Washington, DC 20005, USA. Telephone: (202) 737-3600., Paper No. 914 N1 - Last updated - 2010-05-03 ER - TY - CPAPER T1 - New human immunodeficiency virus proviral DNA construct used for quantitation of the polymerase chain reaction AN - 41470297; 2313013 AU - Hart, CE AU - Chang, S-Y AU - Kwok, S AU - Sninski, J AU - Ou, CY AU - Schochetman, G Y1 - 2000/12/31/ PY - 2000 DA - 2000 Dec 31 KW - CPI, Conference Papers Index KW - U 3500:CLINICAL MEDICINE KW - U 2000:BIOLOGY GENERAL KW - U 4500:EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/41470297?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Acpi&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=conference&rft.jtitle=&rft.atitle=New+human+immunodeficiency+virus+proviral+DNA+construct+used+for+quantitation+of+the+polymerase+chain+reaction&rft.au=Hart%2C+CE%3BChang%2C+S-Y%3BKwok%2C+S%3BSninski%2C+J%3BOu%2C+CY%3BSchochetman%2C+G&rft.aulast=Hart&rft.aufirst=CE&rft.date=2000-12-31&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - SuppNotes - Availability: American Society for Microbiology, 1325 Massachusetts Avenue, N.W., Washington, DC 20005, USA. Telephone: (202) 737-3600., Poster Paper N1 - Last updated - 2010-05-03 ER - TY - CPAPER T1 - In situ hybridization and immunohistostain methods for detection of HIV-1 in formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded cell cultures AN - 41465260; 2229744 AU - Daugharty, H AU - Long, E AU - Swisher, B L AU - Warfield, D T AU - Feorino, P M Y1 - 2000/12/31/ PY - 2000 DA - 2000 Dec 31 KW - CPI, Conference Papers Index KW - U 3500:CLINICAL MEDICINE KW - U 2000:BIOLOGY GENERAL KW - U 4500:EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE KW - U 1500:BIOCHEMISTRY KW - U 1000:ANIMAL AND PLANT SCIENCE UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/41465260?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Acpi&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=conference&rft.jtitle=&rft.atitle=In+situ+hybridization+and+immunohistostain+methods+for+detection+of+HIV-1+in+formalin-fixed+paraffin-embedded+cell+cultures&rft.au=Daugharty%2C+H%3BLong%2C+E%3BSwisher%2C+B+L%3BWarfield%2C+D+T%3BFeorino%2C+P+M&rft.aulast=Daugharty&rft.aufirst=H&rft.date=2000-12-31&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - SuppNotes - Availability: FASEB, 9650 Rockville Pike, Bethesda, MD 20814, USA, Poster Paper N1 - Last updated - 2010-05-03 ER - TY - CPAPER T1 - West Nile fever in West Georgia AN - 41451065; 3378578 AU - Tsereteli, D G AU - Tsiklauri, R A AU - Ivanidze, E A Y1 - 2000/12/31/ PY - 2000 DA - 2000 Dec 31 KW - CPI, Conference Papers Index KW - U 3500:Clinical Medicine KW - U 4500:Experimental Medicine KW - U 7500:Pharmacology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/41451065?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Acpi&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=conference&rft.jtitle=&rft.atitle=West+Nile+fever+in+West+Georgia&rft.au=Tsereteli%2C+D+G%3BTsiklauri%2C+R+A%3BIvanidze%2C+E+A&rft.aulast=Tsereteli&rft.aufirst=D&rft.date=2000-12-31&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - SuppNotes - Availability: International Society for Infectious Diseases (ISID), 181 Longwood Avenue, Boston, MA 02115, USA, Abstracts available. Price $35. Poster Paper No. 60.006 N1 - Last updated - 2010-05-03 ER - TY - CPAPER T1 - Genetic and phenotypic characterization of an emerging Mycobacterium species: Mycobacterium fortuitum third biovariant complex (Mf) (sorbitol-negative) AN - 41441076; 3365684 AU - Schinsky, M F AU - Brown, BA AU - Steingrube, V A AU - Wallace, R J AU - Brown, J M Y1 - 2000/12/31/ PY - 2000 DA - 2000 Dec 31 KW - CPI, Conference Papers Index KW - U 7000:Multidisciplinary UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/41441076?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Acpi&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=conference&rft.jtitle=&rft.atitle=Genetic+and+phenotypic+characterization+of+an+emerging+Mycobacterium+species%3A+Mycobacterium+fortuitum+third+biovariant+complex+%28Mf%29+%28sorbitol-negative%29&rft.au=Schinsky%2C+M+F%3BBrown%2C+BA%3BSteingrube%2C+V+A%3BWallace%2C+R+J%3BBrown%2C+J+M&rft.aulast=Schinsky&rft.aufirst=M&rft.date=2000-12-31&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - SuppNotes - Availability: Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, 1600 Clifton Road, NE, Atlanta, GA 30333, USA; phone: (404) 639-3311; URL: http://www.cdc.gov, Abstracts available. Poster Paper No. P-4.24 N1 - Last updated - 2010-05-03 ER - TY - CPAPER T1 - Use of an investigational serogroup B meningococcal outer membrane vesicle vaccine to immunize adult researchers with an occupational risk for meningococcal disease AN - 41440917; 3365631 AU - Fischer, M AU - Carlone, G M AU - Williams, D AU - Stephens, D AU - Holst, J AU - Perkins, BA Y1 - 2000/12/31/ PY - 2000 DA - 2000 Dec 31 KW - CPI, Conference Papers Index KW - U 7000:Multidisciplinary UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/41440917?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Acpi&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=conference&rft.jtitle=&rft.atitle=Use+of+an+investigational+serogroup+B+meningococcal+outer+membrane+vesicle+vaccine+to+immunize+adult+researchers+with+an+occupational+risk+for+meningococcal+disease&rft.au=Fischer%2C+M%3BCarlone%2C+G+M%3BWilliams%2C+D%3BStephens%2C+D%3BHolst%2C+J%3BPerkins%2C+BA&rft.aulast=Fischer&rft.aufirst=M&rft.date=2000-12-31&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - SuppNotes - Availability: Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, 1600 Clifton Road, NE, Atlanta, GA 30333, USA; phone: (404) 639-3311; URL: http://www.cdc.gov, Abstracts available. Poster Paper No. P-1.6 N1 - Last updated - 2010-05-03 ER - TY - CPAPER T1 - Enhanced surveillance of Salmonella enteritidis phage type 4 in the United States AN - 41438282; 3365655 AU - Reddy, S AU - Swerdlow, D AU - Swaminathan, B AU - Robbins, K AU - Hayes, P AU - Evans, M AU - Angulo, F Y1 - 2000/12/31/ PY - 2000 DA - 2000 Dec 31 KW - CPI, Conference Papers Index KW - U 7000:Multidisciplinary UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/41438282?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Acpi&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=conference&rft.jtitle=&rft.atitle=Enhanced+surveillance+of+Salmonella+enteritidis+phage+type+4+in+the+United+States&rft.au=Reddy%2C+S%3BSwerdlow%2C+D%3BSwaminathan%2C+B%3BRobbins%2C+K%3BHayes%2C+P%3BEvans%2C+M%3BAngulo%2C+F&rft.aulast=Reddy&rft.aufirst=S&rft.date=2000-12-31&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - SuppNotes - Availability: Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, 1600 Clifton Road, NE, Atlanta, GA 30333, USA; phone: (404) 639-3311; URL: http://www.cdc.gov, Abstracts available. Poster Paper No. P-3.13 N1 - Last updated - 2010-05-03 ER - TY - CPAPER T1 - Molecular epidemiology of HCV AN - 41437491; 3365678 AU - Gallagher, M AU - Hwang, L Y AU - Morris, T T AU - Sinha, S D AU - Fadel, SA AU - Alter, MJ AU - Robertson, B H AU - Mast, EE Y1 - 2000/12/31/ PY - 2000 DA - 2000 Dec 31 KW - CPI, Conference Papers Index KW - U 7000:Multidisciplinary UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/41437491?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Acpi&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=conference&rft.jtitle=&rft.atitle=Molecular+epidemiology+of+HCV&rft.au=Gallagher%2C+M%3BHwang%2C+L+Y%3BMorris%2C+T+T%3BSinha%2C+S+D%3BFadel%2C+SA%3BAlter%2C+MJ%3BRobertson%2C+B+H%3BMast%2C+EE&rft.aulast=Gallagher&rft.aufirst=M&rft.date=2000-12-31&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - SuppNotes - Availability: Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, 1600 Clifton Road, NE, Atlanta, GA 30333, USA; phone: (404) 639-3311; URL: http://www.cdc.gov, Abstracts available. Poster Paper No. P-4.18 N1 - Last updated - 2010-05-03 ER - TY - CPAPER T1 - Outbreak of hepatitis A associated with frozen strawberries, Michigan, 1997 AN - 41436998; 3365590 AU - Hutin, Y AU - Pool, V AU - Goldstein, S AU - Whittier, C AU - Carver, J AU - Weth, J AU - Makowski, P AU - Hall, W AU - Altamirano, J AU - Tilden, J Y1 - 2000/12/31/ PY - 2000 DA - 2000 Dec 31 KW - CPI, Conference Papers Index KW - U 7000:Multidisciplinary UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/41436998?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Acpi&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=conference&rft.jtitle=&rft.atitle=Outbreak+of+hepatitis+A+associated+with+frozen+strawberries%2C+Michigan%2C+1997&rft.au=Hutin%2C+Y%3BPool%2C+V%3BGoldstein%2C+S%3BWhittier%2C+C%3BCarver%2C+J%3BWeth%2C+J%3BMakowski%2C+P%3BHall%2C+W%3BAltamirano%2C+J%3BTilden%2C+J&rft.aulast=Hutin&rft.aufirst=Y&rft.date=2000-12-31&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - SuppNotes - Availability: Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, 1600 Clifton Road, NE, Atlanta, GA 30333, USA; phone: (404) 639-3311; URL: http://www.cdc.gov, Abstracts available. N1 - Last updated - 2010-05-03 ER - TY - CPAPER T1 - GPS and GIS applied to a malaria field study in western Kenya AN - 41436690; 3365706 AU - Hightower, A W AU - Ombok, M AU - Hawley, WA Y1 - 2000/12/31/ PY - 2000 DA - 2000 Dec 31 KW - CPI, Conference Papers Index KW - U 7000:Multidisciplinary UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/41436690?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Acpi&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=conference&rft.jtitle=&rft.atitle=GPS+and+GIS+applied+to+a+malaria+field+study+in+western+Kenya&rft.au=Hightower%2C+A+W%3BOmbok%2C+M%3BHawley%2C+WA&rft.aulast=Hightower&rft.aufirst=A&rft.date=2000-12-31&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - SuppNotes - Availability: Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, 1600 Clifton Road, NE, Atlanta, GA 30333, USA; phone: (404) 639-3311; URL: http://www.cdc.gov, Abstracts available. Poster Paper No. P-8.2 N1 - Last updated - 2010-05-03 ER - TY - CPAPER T1 - Cleavase fragment length polymorphism (CFLP) analysis of Neisseria meningitidis basic metabolic genes AN - 41436561; 3365682 AU - Tondella, MLC AU - Reeves, M W AU - Popovic, T AU - Holloway, B P AU - Mayer, L W Y1 - 2000/12/31/ PY - 2000 DA - 2000 Dec 31 KW - CPI, Conference Papers Index KW - U 7000:Multidisciplinary UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/41436561?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Acpi&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=conference&rft.jtitle=&rft.atitle=Cleavase+fragment+length+polymorphism+%28CFLP%29+analysis+of+Neisseria+meningitidis+basic+metabolic+genes&rft.au=Tondella%2C+MLC%3BReeves%2C+M+W%3BPopovic%2C+T%3BHolloway%2C+B+P%3BMayer%2C+L+W&rft.aulast=Tondella&rft.aufirst=MLC&rft.date=2000-12-31&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - SuppNotes - Availability: Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, 1600 Clifton Road, NE, Atlanta, GA 30333, USA; phone: (404) 639-3311; URL: http://www.cdc.gov, Abstracts available. Poster Paper No. P-4.22 N1 - Last updated - 2010-05-03 ER - TY - CPAPER T1 - Laboratory-based surveillance for Escherichia coli O157:H7 infections in the United States, 1993-1995 AN - 41435747; 3365647 AU - Mead, P AU - Slutsker, L AU - Ivey, C AU - Bean, N H AU - Griffin, P M Y1 - 2000/12/31/ PY - 2000 DA - 2000 Dec 31 KW - CPI, Conference Papers Index KW - U 7000:Multidisciplinary UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/41435747?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Acpi&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=conference&rft.jtitle=&rft.atitle=Laboratory-based+surveillance+for+Escherichia+coli+O157%3AH7+infections+in+the+United+States%2C+1993-1995&rft.au=Mead%2C+P%3BSlutsker%2C+L%3BIvey%2C+C%3BBean%2C+N+H%3BGriffin%2C+P+M&rft.aulast=Mead&rft.aufirst=P&rft.date=2000-12-31&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - SuppNotes - Availability: Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, 1600 Clifton Road, NE, Atlanta, GA 30333, USA; phone: (404) 639-3311; URL: http://www.cdc.gov, Abstracts available. Poster Paper No. P-3.5 N1 - Last updated - 2010-05-03 ER - TY - CPAPER T1 - Heterogenity of the diphtheria toxin gene in Corynebacterium diphtheriae epidemic clonal group continues to decline AN - 41434185; 3365674 AU - Reiss, JA AU - Nakao, H AU - Popovic, T Y1 - 2000/12/31/ PY - 2000 DA - 2000 Dec 31 KW - CPI, Conference Papers Index KW - U 7000:Multidisciplinary UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/41434185?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Acpi&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=conference&rft.jtitle=&rft.atitle=Heterogenity+of+the+diphtheria+toxin+gene+in+Corynebacterium+diphtheriae+epidemic+clonal+group+continues+to+decline&rft.au=Reiss%2C+JA%3BNakao%2C+H%3BPopovic%2C+T&rft.aulast=Reiss&rft.aufirst=JA&rft.date=2000-12-31&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - SuppNotes - Availability: Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, 1600 Clifton Road, NE, Atlanta, GA 30333, USA; phone: (404) 639-3311; URL: http://www.cdc.gov, Abstracts available. Poster Paper No. P-4.14 N1 - Last updated - 2010-05-03 ER - TY - CPAPER T1 - Exposures to blood and bloodborne pathogens among health care workers (HCWs) AN - 41430551; 3366068 AU - Campbell, S AU - Srivastava, P AU - Culver, D AU - Williams, I AU - Alter, M AU - Cardo, D Y1 - 2000/12/31/ PY - 2000 DA - 2000 Dec 31 KW - CPI, Conference Papers Index KW - U 7000:Multidisciplinary UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/41430551?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Acpi&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=conference&rft.jtitle=&rft.atitle=Exposures+to+blood+and+bloodborne+pathogens+among+health+care+workers+%28HCWs%29&rft.au=Campbell%2C+S%3BSrivastava%2C+P%3BCulver%2C+D%3BWilliams%2C+I%3BAlter%2C+M%3BCardo%2C+D&rft.aulast=Campbell&rft.aufirst=S&rft.date=2000-12-31&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - SuppNotes - Availability: Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, 1600 Clifton Road, NE, Atlanta, GA 30333, USA; phone: (404) 639-3311; URL: http://www.cdc.gov, Abstracts available. Poster Paper No. P-24.9 N1 - Last updated - 2010-05-03 ER - TY - CPAPER T1 - Nationwide assessment of the frequency of blood component bacterial contamination associated with transfusion reaction AN - 41430500; 3366058 AU - Kuehnert, MJ AU - Cookson, ST AU - Jarvis, W R Y1 - 2000/12/31/ PY - 2000 DA - 2000 Dec 31 KW - CPI, Conference Papers Index KW - U 7000:Multidisciplinary UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/41430500?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Acpi&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=conference&rft.jtitle=&rft.atitle=Nationwide+assessment+of+the+frequency+of+blood+component+bacterial+contamination+associated+with+transfusion+reaction&rft.au=Kuehnert%2C+MJ%3BCookson%2C+ST%3BJarvis%2C+W+R&rft.aulast=Kuehnert&rft.aufirst=MJ&rft.date=2000-12-31&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - SuppNotes - Availability: Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, 1600 Clifton Road, NE, Atlanta, GA 30333, USA; phone: (404) 639-3311; URL: http://www.cdc.gov, Abstracts available. Poster Paper No. P-23.2 N1 - Last updated - 2010-05-03 ER - TY - CPAPER T1 - Emergence of vancomycin intermediate-resistant Staphylococcus aureus in the United States AN - 41430409; 3366038 AU - Smith, T L AU - Pearson, M AU - Wilcox, K AU - Robinson-Dunn, B AU - Jennings, G AU - Campbell, C AU - Sorhage, F AU - Ellis, H AU - Rodgers, G AU - Ruble, C Y1 - 2000/12/31/ PY - 2000 DA - 2000 Dec 31 KW - CPI, Conference Papers Index KW - U 7000:Multidisciplinary UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/41430409?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Acpi&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=conference&rft.jtitle=&rft.atitle=Emergence+of+vancomycin+intermediate-resistant+Staphylococcus+aureus+in+the+United+States&rft.au=Smith%2C+T+L%3BPearson%2C+M%3BWilcox%2C+K%3BRobinson-Dunn%2C+B%3BJennings%2C+G%3BCampbell%2C+C%3BSorhage%2C+F%3BEllis%2C+H%3BRodgers%2C+G%3BRuble%2C+C&rft.aulast=Smith&rft.aufirst=T&rft.date=2000-12-31&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - SuppNotes - Availability: Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, 1600 Clifton Road, NE, Atlanta, GA 30333, USA; phone: (404) 639-3311; URL: http://www.cdc.gov, Abstracts available. Poster Paper No. P-22.9 N1 - Last updated - 2010-05-03 ER - TY - CPAPER T1 - Emerging nosocomial infections in medical intensive care units in the United States AN - 41430248; 3366009 AU - Richards, M AU - Edwards, J AU - Culver, D AU - Gaynes, R Y1 - 2000/12/31/ PY - 2000 DA - 2000 Dec 31 KW - CPI, Conference Papers Index KW - U 7000:Multidisciplinary UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/41430248?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Acpi&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=conference&rft.jtitle=&rft.atitle=Emerging+nosocomial+infections+in+medical+intensive+care+units+in+the+United+States&rft.au=Richards%2C+M%3BEdwards%2C+J%3BCulver%2C+D%3BGaynes%2C+R&rft.aulast=Richards&rft.aufirst=M&rft.date=2000-12-31&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - SuppNotes - Availability: Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, 1600 Clifton Road, NE, Atlanta, GA 30333, USA; phone: (404) 639-3311; URL: http://www.cdc.gov, Abstracts available. N1 - Last updated - 2010-05-03 ER - TY - CPAPER T1 - Outbreak of multidrug-resistant Salmonella serotype typhimurium definitive type 104 (DT 104) infections in humans and cattle in Vermont AN - 41430079; 3365992 AU - Friedman, C R AU - Brady, R C AU - Celotti, MJ AU - Schoenfeld, SE AU - Johnson, R H AU - Galbraith, P D AU - Carney, J K AU - Robbins, K AU - Slutsker, L Y1 - 2000/12/31/ PY - 2000 DA - 2000 Dec 31 KW - CPI, Conference Papers Index KW - U 7000:Multidisciplinary UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/41430079?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Acpi&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=conference&rft.jtitle=&rft.atitle=Outbreak+of+multidrug-resistant+Salmonella+serotype+typhimurium+definitive+type+104+%28DT+104%29+infections+in+humans+and+cattle+in+Vermont&rft.au=Friedman%2C+C+R%3BBrady%2C+R+C%3BCelotti%2C+MJ%3BSchoenfeld%2C+SE%3BJohnson%2C+R+H%3BGalbraith%2C+P+D%3BCarney%2C+J+K%3BRobbins%2C+K%3BSlutsker%2C+L&rft.aulast=Friedman&rft.aufirst=C&rft.date=2000-12-31&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - SuppNotes - Availability: Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, 1600 Clifton Road, NE, Atlanta, GA 30333, USA; phone: (404) 639-3311; URL: http://www.cdc.gov, Abstracts available. N1 - Last updated - 2010-05-03 ER - TY - CPAPER T1 - Multiple modes of hepatitis A virus transmission among methamphetamine users AN - 41424702; 3366073 AU - Hutin, YJF AU - Sabin, K AU - Schaben, L AU - Shipp, G AU - Lord, D AU - Conner, J AU - Quinlisk, M P AU - Shapiro, C N AU - Bell, B P Y1 - 2000/12/31/ PY - 2000 DA - 2000 Dec 31 KW - CPI, Conference Papers Index KW - U 7000:Multidisciplinary UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/41424702?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Acpi&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=conference&rft.jtitle=&rft.atitle=Multiple+modes+of+hepatitis+A+virus+transmission+among+methamphetamine+users&rft.au=Hutin%2C+YJF%3BSabin%2C+K%3BSchaben%2C+L%3BShipp%2C+G%3BLord%2C+D%3BConner%2C+J%3BQuinlisk%2C+M+P%3BShapiro%2C+C+N%3BBell%2C+B+P&rft.aulast=Hutin&rft.aufirst=YJF&rft.date=2000-12-31&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - SuppNotes - Availability: Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, 1600 Clifton Road, NE, Atlanta, GA 30333, USA; phone: (404) 639-3311; URL: http://www.cdc.gov, Abstracts available. Poster Paper No. P-26.1 N1 - Last updated - 2010-05-03 ER - TY - CPAPER T1 - Continued emergence of drug-resistant Streptococcus pneumoniae (DRSP): Results of multi-state population-based surveillance AN - 41424680; 3366054 AU - Whitney, C G AU - Kolczak, M AU - Barrett, N AU - Farley, M AU - Harrison, L AU - Lefkowitz, L AU - Lexau, C AU - Rothrock, G AU - Stefonek, K AU - Jorgensen, J H Y1 - 2000/12/31/ PY - 2000 DA - 2000 Dec 31 KW - CPI, Conference Papers Index KW - U 7000:Multidisciplinary UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/41424680?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Acpi&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=conference&rft.jtitle=&rft.atitle=Continued+emergence+of+drug-resistant+Streptococcus+pneumoniae+%28DRSP%29%3A+Results+of+multi-state+population-based+surveillance&rft.au=Whitney%2C+C+G%3BKolczak%2C+M%3BBarrett%2C+N%3BFarley%2C+M%3BHarrison%2C+L%3BLefkowitz%2C+L%3BLexau%2C+C%3BRothrock%2C+G%3BStefonek%2C+K%3BJorgensen%2C+J+H&rft.aulast=Whitney&rft.aufirst=C&rft.date=2000-12-31&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - SuppNotes - Availability: Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, 1600 Clifton Road, NE, Atlanta, GA 30333, USA; phone: (404) 639-3311; URL: http://www.cdc.gov, Abstracts available. Poster Paper No. 22.25 N1 - Last updated - 2010-05-03 ER - TY - CPAPER T1 - Antimicrobial use and resistance in the U.S.: The importance of the type of intensive care unit AN - 41424645; 3366053 AU - Pichette, S C AU - Fridkin, S K AU - Pryor, E R AU - Edwards, J R AU - Culver, D H AU - McGowan, JE AU - Tenover, F C AU - Gaynes, R P Y1 - 2000/12/31/ PY - 2000 DA - 2000 Dec 31 KW - CPI, Conference Papers Index KW - U 7000:Multidisciplinary UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/41424645?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Acpi&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=conference&rft.jtitle=&rft.atitle=Antimicrobial+use+and+resistance+in+the+U.S.%3A+The+importance+of+the+type+of+intensive+care+unit&rft.au=Pichette%2C+S+C%3BFridkin%2C+S+K%3BPryor%2C+E+R%3BEdwards%2C+J+R%3BCulver%2C+D+H%3BMcGowan%2C+JE%3BTenover%2C+F+C%3BGaynes%2C+R+P&rft.aulast=Pichette&rft.aufirst=S&rft.date=2000-12-31&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - SuppNotes - Availability: Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, 1600 Clifton Road, NE, Atlanta, GA 30333, USA; phone: (404) 639-3311; URL: http://www.cdc.gov, Abstracts available. Poster Paper No. P-22.24 N1 - Last updated - 2010-05-03 ER - TY - CPAPER T1 - DPDx: Using the Internet to strengthen diagnosis of parasitic diseases AN - 41423812; 3365818 AU - Nguyen-Dinh, P AU - Sullivan, J J AU - Pieniazek, N J AU - Arrowood, MJ AU - Hightower, A W AU - Kachur, S P AU - Wirtz, R Y1 - 2000/12/31/ PY - 2000 DA - 2000 Dec 31 KW - CPI, Conference Papers Index KW - U 7000:Multidisciplinary UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/41423812?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Acpi&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=conference&rft.jtitle=&rft.atitle=HIV+wasting+syndrome+in+adults+and+adolescents+with+AIDS&rft.au=Denning%2C+P%3BChu%2C+S%3BHanson%2C+D%3BCiesielski%2C+C&rft.aulast=Denning&rft.aufirst=P&rft.date=2000-12-31&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - SuppNotes - Availability: Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, 1600 Clifton Road, NE, Atlanta, GA 30333, USA; phone: (404) 639-3311; URL: http://www.cdc.gov, Abstracts available. N1 - Last updated - 2010-05-03 ER - TY - CPAPER T1 - Persistent, unexplained seasonal variation of Acinetobacter spp. infections reported to the National Nosocomial Infection Surveillance System (NNIS): 1987-1996 AN - 41423801; 3366069 AU - Banerjee, S N AU - McDonald, L C AU - Jarvis, W R Y1 - 2000/12/31/ PY - 2000 DA - 2000 Dec 31 KW - CPI, Conference Papers Index KW - U 7000:Multidisciplinary UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/41423801?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Acpi&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=conference&rft.jtitle=&rft.atitle=Persistent%2C+unexplained+seasonal+variation+of+Acinetobacter+spp.+infections+reported+to+the+National+Nosocomial+Infection+Surveillance+System+%28NNIS%29%3A+1987-1996&rft.au=Banerjee%2C+S+N%3BMcDonald%2C+L+C%3BJarvis%2C+W+R&rft.aulast=Banerjee&rft.aufirst=S&rft.date=2000-12-31&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - SuppNotes - Availability: Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, 1600 Clifton Road, NE, Atlanta, GA 30333, USA; phone: (404) 639-3311; URL: http://www.cdc.gov, Abstracts available. Poster Paper No. P-24.10 N1 - Last updated - 2010-05-03 ER - TY - CPAPER T1 - Comparison of CDC and MarDx+ Western blot tests for syphilis AN - 41423518; 3366096 AU - Kubota, K AU - George, R AU - Pope, V AU - Fears, M Y1 - 2000/12/31/ PY - 2000 DA - 2000 Dec 31 KW - CPI, Conference Papers Index KW - U 7000:Multidisciplinary UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/41423518?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Acpi&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=conference&rft.jtitle=&rft.atitle=Comparison+of+CDC+and+MarDx%2B+Western+blot+tests+for+syphilis&rft.au=Kubota%2C+K%3BGeorge%2C+R%3BPope%2C+V%3BFears%2C+M&rft.aulast=Kubota&rft.aufirst=K&rft.date=2000-12-31&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - SuppNotes - Availability: Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, 1600 Clifton Road, NE, Atlanta, GA 30333, USA; phone: (404) 639-3311; URL: http://www.cdc.gov, Abstracts available. Poster Paper No. P-32.6 N1 - Last updated - 2010-05-03 ER - TY - CPAPER T1 - Pulmonary inflammation and fibrosis in rats after intratracheal instillation of adipic acid and adipic acid mixtures AN - 41423189; 3364010 AU - Hubbs, A F AU - Ma, JYC AU - Frazer, D AU - Goldsmith, W T AU - Barger, M AU - Battelli, LA AU - Robinson, V A AU - Porter, D W AU - Castranova, V AU - Vallyathan, V Y1 - 2000/12/31/ PY - 2000 DA - 2000 Dec 31 KW - CPI, Conference Papers Index KW - U 7500:Pharmacology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/41423189?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Acpi&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=conference&rft.jtitle=&rft.atitle=Pulmonary+inflammation+and+fibrosis+in+rats+after+intratracheal+instillation+of+adipic+acid+and+adipic+acid+mixtures&rft.au=Hubbs%2C+A+F%3BMa%2C+JYC%3BFrazer%2C+D%3BGoldsmith%2C+W+T%3BBarger%2C+M%3BBattelli%2C+LA%3BRobinson%2C+V+A%3BPorter%2C+D+W%3BCastranova%2C+V%3BVallyathan%2C+V&rft.aulast=Hubbs&rft.aufirst=A&rft.date=2000-12-31&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - SuppNotes - Availability: Society of Toxicology, 1767 Business Center Drive, Suite 302, Reston, VA 20190-5332, USA, Abstracts available. Price $45. Poster Paper No. 1237 N1 - Last updated - 2010-05-03 ER - TY - CPAPER T1 - Polyphasic identification and characterization of emerging bacterial pathogens AN - 41423130; 3365606 AU - Weyant, R S AU - Daneshvar, MI AU - Jordan, J G AU - MacGregor, J P AU - Hollis, D G AU - Mayer, L W AU - Whitney, A M AU - Steigerwalt, A G AU - Brenner, D J Y1 - 2000/12/31/ PY - 2000 DA - 2000 Dec 31 KW - CPI, Conference Papers Index KW - U 7000:Multidisciplinary UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/41423130?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Acpi&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=conference&rft.jtitle=&rft.atitle=Polyphasic+identification+and+characterization+of+emerging+bacterial+pathogens&rft.au=Weyant%2C+R+S%3BDaneshvar%2C+MI%3BJordan%2C+J+G%3BMacGregor%2C+J+P%3BHollis%2C+D+G%3BMayer%2C+L+W%3BWhitney%2C+A+M%3BSteigerwalt%2C+A+G%3BBrenner%2C+D+J&rft.aulast=Weyant&rft.aufirst=R&rft.date=2000-12-31&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - SuppNotes - Availability: Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, 1600 Clifton Road, NE, Atlanta, GA 30333, USA; phone: (404) 639-3311; URL: http://www.cdc.gov, Abstracts available. N1 - Last updated - 2010-05-03 ER - TY - CPAPER T1 - Molecular insights into the epidemiology of astrovirus gastroenteritis AN - 41423049; 3365586 AU - Monroe, S S AU - Belliot, G D AU - Noel, J S AU - Koopmans, MPG Y1 - 2000/12/31/ PY - 2000 DA - 2000 Dec 31 KW - CPI, Conference Papers Index KW - U 7000:Multidisciplinary UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/41423049?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Acpi&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=conference&rft.jtitle=&rft.atitle=Molecular+insights+into+the+epidemiology+of+astrovirus+gastroenteritis&rft.au=Monroe%2C+S+S%3BBelliot%2C+G+D%3BNoel%2C+J+S%3BKoopmans%2C+MPG&rft.aulast=Monroe&rft.aufirst=S&rft.date=2000-12-31&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - SuppNotes - Availability: Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, 1600 Clifton Road, NE, Atlanta, GA 30333, USA; phone: (404) 639-3311; URL: http://www.cdc.gov, Abstracts available. N1 - Last updated - 2010-05-03 ER - TY - CPAPER T1 - Toxic shock syndrome in the U.S.: 1979-96: An emerging disease under control AN - 41422762; 3365918 AU - Hajjeh, R AU - Weil, W AU - Shuchat, A AU - Perkins, B AU - Reingold, A Y1 - 2000/12/31/ PY - 2000 DA - 2000 Dec 31 KW - CPI, Conference Papers Index KW - U 7000:Multidisciplinary UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/41422762?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Acpi&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=conference&rft.jtitle=&rft.atitle=Toxic+shock+syndrome+in+the+U.S.%3A+1979-96%3A+An+emerging+disease+under+control&rft.au=Hajjeh%2C+R%3BWeil%2C+W%3BShuchat%2C+A%3BPerkins%2C+B%3BReingold%2C+A&rft.aulast=Hajjeh&rft.aufirst=R&rft.date=2000-12-31&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - SuppNotes - Availability: Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, 1600 Clifton Road, NE, Atlanta, GA 30333, USA; phone: (404) 639-3311; URL: http://www.cdc.gov, Abstracts available. Poster Paper No. P-18.5 N1 - Last updated - 2010-05-03 ER - TY - CPAPER T1 - Surveillance for unexplained deaths and critical illnesses due to possible infectious causes AN - 41422733; 3366019 AU - Hajjeh, R AU - Flood, J AU - Cieslak, P AU - Relman, D AU - Lopez, F AU - Hendry, M AU - Woods, C AU - Conn, L AU - Nash, S AU - Zaki, S Y1 - 2000/12/31/ PY - 2000 DA - 2000 Dec 31 KW - CPI, Conference Papers Index KW - U 7000:Multidisciplinary UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/41422733?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Acpi&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=conference&rft.jtitle=&rft.atitle=Surveillance+for+unexplained+deaths+and+critical+illnesses+due+to+possible+infectious+causes&rft.au=Hajjeh%2C+R%3BFlood%2C+J%3BCieslak%2C+P%3BRelman%2C+D%3BLopez%2C+F%3BHendry%2C+M%3BWoods%2C+C%3BConn%2C+L%3BNash%2C+S%3BZaki%2C+S&rft.aulast=Hajjeh&rft.aufirst=R&rft.date=2000-12-31&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - SuppNotes - Availability: Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, 1600 Clifton Road, NE, Atlanta, GA 30333, USA; phone: (404) 639-3311; URL: http://www.cdc.gov, Abstracts available. N1 - Last updated - 2010-05-03 ER - TY - CPAPER T1 - Inter- and intra-species variations in the TRAP-C2 gene of Cryptosporidium SPP parasites AN - 41422681; 3361363 AU - Escalante, L AU - Yang, C AU - Beard, C AU - Lal, A A AU - Escalante, A A AU - Arrowood, M AU - Xiao, L Y1 - 2000/12/31/ PY - 2000 DA - 2000 Dec 31 KW - CPI, Conference Papers Index KW - U 3500:Clinical Medicine UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/41422681?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Acpi&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=conference&rft.jtitle=&rft.atitle=Inter-+and+intra-species+variations+in+the+TRAP-C2+gene+of+Cryptosporidium+SPP+parasites&rft.au=Escalante%2C+L%3BYang%2C+C%3BBeard%2C+C%3BLal%2C+A+A%3BEscalante%2C+A+A%3BArrowood%2C+M%3BXiao%2C+L&rft.aulast=Escalante&rft.aufirst=L&rft.date=2000-12-31&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - SuppNotes - Availability: ASTMH, 60 Revere Drive, Suite 500, Northbrook, IL 60062, USA, Abstracts available. Price $10. Poster Paper No. 295 N1 - Last updated - 2010-05-03 ER - TY - CPAPER T1 - Molecular genetic analysis of phosphoprotein gene of equine morbillivirus AN - 41422442; 3365817 AU - Tamin, A AU - Newton, B R AU - Sanchez, A AU - Ksiazek, T AU - Bellini, W J AU - Rota, P A Y1 - 2000/12/31/ PY - 2000 DA - 2000 Dec 31 KW - CPI, Conference Papers Index KW - U 7000:Multidisciplinary UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/41422442?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Acpi&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=conference&rft.jtitle=&rft.atitle=Molecular+genetic+analysis+of+phosphoprotein+gene+of+equine+morbillivirus&rft.au=Tamin%2C+A%3BNewton%2C+B+R%3BSanchez%2C+A%3BKsiazek%2C+T%3BBellini%2C+W+J%3BRota%2C+P+A&rft.aulast=Tamin&rft.aufirst=A&rft.date=2000-12-31&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - SuppNotes - Availability: Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, 1600 Clifton Road, NE, Atlanta, GA 30333, USA; phone: (404) 639-3311; URL: http://www.cdc.gov, Abstracts available. N1 - Last updated - 2010-05-03 ER - TY - CPAPER T1 - Partial protection against Plasmodium vivax in Saimiri monkeys by immunization with the recombinant C-terminus of merozoite surface protein 1 AN - 41422437; 3361326 AU - Yang, C AU - Collins, W E AU - Saekhou, A M AU - Xiao, L AU - Sullivan, J S AU - Morris, CA AU - Kaslow, D C AU - Lal, A A Y1 - 2000/12/31/ PY - 2000 DA - 2000 Dec 31 KW - CPI, Conference Papers Index KW - U 3500:Clinical Medicine UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/41422437?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Acpi&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=conference&rft.jtitle=&rft.atitle=Partial+protection+against+Plasmodium+vivax+in+Saimiri+monkeys+by+immunization+with+the+recombinant+C-terminus+of+merozoite+surface+protein+1&rft.au=Yang%2C+C%3BCollins%2C+W+E%3BSaekhou%2C+A+M%3BXiao%2C+L%3BSullivan%2C+J+S%3BMorris%2C+CA%3BKaslow%2C+D+C%3BLal%2C+A+A&rft.aulast=Yang&rft.aufirst=C&rft.date=2000-12-31&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - SuppNotes - Availability: ASTMH, 60 Revere Drive, Suite 500, Northbrook, IL 60062, USA, Abstracts available. Price $10. Poster Paper No. 258 N1 - Last updated - 2010-05-03 ER - TY - CPAPER T1 - Surveillance implications of electronic pyramid reporting of laboratory data AN - 41422170; 3365832 AU - Helfrick, D L AU - Martin, S M AU - Bean, N H AU - Maloney, E K Y1 - 2000/12/31/ PY - 2000 DA - 2000 Dec 31 KW - CPI, Conference Papers Index KW - U 7000:Multidisciplinary UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/41422170?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Acpi&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=conference&rft.jtitle=&rft.atitle=Surveillance+implications+of+electronic+pyramid+reporting+of+laboratory+data&rft.au=Helfrick%2C+D+L%3BMartin%2C+S+M%3BBean%2C+N+H%3BMaloney%2C+E+K&rft.aulast=Helfrick&rft.aufirst=D&rft.date=2000-12-31&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - SuppNotes - Availability: Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, 1600 Clifton Road, NE, Atlanta, GA 30333, USA; phone: (404) 639-3311; URL: http://www.cdc.gov, Abstracts available. Poster Paper No. P-10.6 N1 - Last updated - 2010-05-03 ER - TY - CPAPER T1 - Epidemiology of diphtheria in three regions, Russia, 1994-96 AN - 41422032; 3365807 AU - Vitek, C R AU - Bisgard, K M AU - Brennan, M AU - Sadovnikova, V AU - Strebel, PMI Y1 - 2000/12/31/ PY - 2000 DA - 2000 Dec 31 KW - CPI, Conference Papers Index KW - U 7000:Multidisciplinary UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/41422032?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Acpi&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=conference&rft.jtitle=&rft.atitle=Epidemiology+of+diphtheria+in+three+regions%2C+Russia%2C+1994-96&rft.au=Vitek%2C+C+R%3BBisgard%2C+K+M%3BBrennan%2C+M%3BSadovnikova%2C+V%3BStrebel%2C+PMI&rft.aulast=Vitek&rft.aufirst=C&rft.date=2000-12-31&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - SuppNotes - Availability: Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, 1600 Clifton Road, NE, Atlanta, GA 30333, USA; phone: (404) 639-3311; URL: http://www.cdc.gov, Abstracts available. N1 - Last updated - 2010-05-03 ER - TY - CPAPER T1 - Gram-negative bacteremia (GNB) in hemodialysis patients: The potential role of the dialysis machine AN - 41420221; 3366066 AU - Wang, SA AU - Levine, R B AU - Carson, LA AU - Arduino, MJ AU - Killar, T AU - Grillo, F G AU - Jarvis, W R AU - Pearson, M L Y1 - 2000/12/31/ PY - 2000 DA - 2000 Dec 31 KW - CPI, Conference Papers Index KW - U 7000:Multidisciplinary UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/41420221?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Acpi&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=conference&rft.jtitle=&rft.atitle=Gram-negative+bacteremia+%28GNB%29+in+hemodialysis+patients%3A+The+potential+role+of+the+dialysis+machine&rft.au=Wang%2C+SA%3BLevine%2C+R+B%3BCarson%2C+LA%3BArduino%2C+MJ%3BKillar%2C+T%3BGrillo%2C+F+G%3BJarvis%2C+W+R%3BPearson%2C+M+L&rft.aulast=Wang&rft.aufirst=SA&rft.date=2000-12-31&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - SuppNotes - Availability: Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, 1600 Clifton Road, NE, Atlanta, GA 30333, USA; phone: (404) 639-3311; URL: http://www.cdc.gov, Abstracts available. Poster Paper No. P-24.7 N1 - Last updated - 2010-05-03 ER - TY - CPAPER T1 - Hawaii's leptospirosis surveillance program from 1992-1996 AN - 41419575; 3365928 AU - Burr, R K AU - Sasaki, D M Y1 - 2000/12/31/ PY - 2000 DA - 2000 Dec 31 KW - CPI, Conference Papers Index KW - U 7000:Multidisciplinary UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/41419575?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Acpi&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=conference&rft.jtitle=&rft.atitle=Hawaii%27s+leptospirosis+surveillance+program+from+1992-1996&rft.au=Burr%2C+R+K%3BSasaki%2C+D+M&rft.aulast=Burr&rft.aufirst=R&rft.date=2000-12-31&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - SuppNotes - Availability: Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, 1600 Clifton Road, NE, Atlanta, GA 30333, USA; phone: (404) 639-3311; URL: http://www.cdc.gov, Abstracts available. Poster Paper No. P-21.5 N1 - Last updated - 2010-05-03 ER - TY - CPAPER T1 - Monitoring Plasmodium falciparum drug resistance: A clearinghouse for antimalarial drug efficacy studies AN - 41419464; 3365888 AU - Dietz, V J AU - Thompson, J D AU - Bloland, P B AU - Ruebush, T Y1 - 2000/12/31/ PY - 2000 DA - 2000 Dec 31 KW - CPI, Conference Papers Index KW - U 7000:Multidisciplinary UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/41419464?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Acpi&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=conference&rft.jtitle=&rft.atitle=Monitoring+Plasmodium+falciparum+drug+resistance%3A+A+clearinghouse+for+antimalarial+drug+efficacy+studies&rft.au=Dietz%2C+V+J%3BThompson%2C+J+D%3BBloland%2C+P+B%3BRuebush%2C+T&rft.aulast=Dietz&rft.aufirst=V&rft.date=2000-12-31&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - SuppNotes - Availability: Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, 1600 Clifton Road, NE, Atlanta, GA 30333, USA; phone: (404) 639-3311; URL: http://www.cdc.gov, Abstracts available. Poster Paper No. P-15.3 N1 - Last updated - 2010-05-03 ER - TY - CPAPER T1 - 8-Hydroxydeoxyguanosine as a biomarker of oxidative DNA damage in studies of occupational exposure to carcinogens AN - 41415610; 3362991 AU - Toraason, M Y1 - 2000/12/31/ PY - 2000 DA - 2000 Dec 31 KW - CPI, Conference Papers Index KW - U 7500:Pharmacology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/41415610?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Acpi&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=conference&rft.jtitle=&rft.atitle=8-Hydroxydeoxyguanosine+as+a+biomarker+of+oxidative+DNA+damage+in+studies+of+occupational+exposure+to+carcinogens&rft.au=Toraason%2C+M&rft.aulast=Toraason&rft.aufirst=M&rft.date=2000-12-31&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - SuppNotes - Availability: Society of Toxicology, 1767 Business Center Drive, Suite 302, Reston, VA 20190-5332, USA, Abstracts available. Price $45. Poster Paper No. 218 N1 - Last updated - 2010-05-03 ER - TY - CPAPER T1 - Predicted and observed alleles of Plasmodium falciparum merozoite surface protein-1 (MSP-1), a potential malaria vaccine antigen AN - 41413077; 3361520 AU - Qari, S AU - Shi, Y P AU - Goldman, I AU - Nahlen, B L AU - Tibayrenc, M AU - Lal, A A Y1 - 2000/12/31/ PY - 2000 DA - 2000 Dec 31 KW - CPI, Conference Papers Index KW - U 3500:Clinical Medicine UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/41413077?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Acpi&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=conference&rft.jtitle=&rft.atitle=Predicted+and+observed+alleles+of+Plasmodium+falciparum+merozoite+surface+protein-1+%28MSP-1%29%2C+a+potential+malaria+vaccine+antigen&rft.au=Qari%2C+S%3BShi%2C+Y+P%3BGoldman%2C+I%3BNahlen%2C+B+L%3BTibayrenc%2C+M%3BLal%2C+A+A&rft.aulast=Qari&rft.aufirst=S&rft.date=2000-12-31&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - SuppNotes - Availability: ASTMH, 60 Revere Drive, Suite 500, Northbrook, IL 60062, USA, Abstracts available. Price $10. N1 - Last updated - 2010-05-03 ER - TY - CPAPER T1 - Development of natural immunity to the Plasmodium falciparum malaria merozoite surface protein in infants: Implications in their continued susceptibility to malaria and possible vaccine strategies AN - 41412581; 3366022 AU - Branch, OH AU - Oloo, A J AU - Nahlen, B L AU - Kaslow, D AU - Lal, A A Y1 - 2000/12/31/ PY - 2000 DA - 2000 Dec 31 KW - CPI, Conference Papers Index KW - U 7000:Multidisciplinary UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/41412581?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Acpi&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=conference&rft.jtitle=&rft.atitle=Development+of+natural+immunity+to+the+Plasmodium+falciparum+malaria+merozoite+surface+protein+in+infants%3A+Implications+in+their+continued+susceptibility+to+malaria+and+possible+vaccine+strategies&rft.au=Branch%2C+OH%3BOloo%2C+A+J%3BNahlen%2C+B+L%3BKaslow%2C+D%3BLal%2C+A+A&rft.aulast=Branch&rft.aufirst=OH&rft.date=2000-12-31&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - SuppNotes - Availability: Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, 1600 Clifton Road, NE, Atlanta, GA 30333, USA; phone: (404) 639-3311; URL: http://www.cdc.gov, Abstracts available. N1 - Last updated - 2010-05-03 ER - TY - CPAPER T1 - Practice safe RHEx (reptile-handling excellence): An educational program for the prevention of reptile-associated salmonellosis AN - 41412331; 3365947 AU - Angulo, F J AU - Mermin, J AU - Mitchell, G AU - Meyers, M Y1 - 2000/12/31/ PY - 2000 DA - 2000 Dec 31 KW - CPI, Conference Papers Index KW - U 7000:Multidisciplinary UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/41412331?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Acpi&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=conference&rft.jtitle=&rft.atitle=Practice+safe+RHEx+%28reptile-handling+excellence%29%3A+An+educational+program+for+the+prevention+of+reptile-associated+salmonellosis&rft.au=Angulo%2C+F+J%3BMermin%2C+J%3BMitchell%2C+G%3BMeyers%2C+M&rft.aulast=Angulo&rft.aufirst=F&rft.date=2000-12-31&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - SuppNotes - Availability: Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, 1600 Clifton Road, NE, Atlanta, GA 30333, USA; phone: (404) 639-3311; URL: http://www.cdc.gov, Abstracts available. Poster Paper No. P-21.24 N1 - Last updated - 2010-05-03 ER - TY - CPAPER T1 - Oral wildlife rabies vaccination in the USA AN - 41412280; 3365935 AU - Hanlon, CA AU - Rupprecht, CE Y1 - 2000/12/31/ PY - 2000 DA - 2000 Dec 31 KW - CPI, Conference Papers Index KW - U 7000:Multidisciplinary UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/41412280?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Acpi&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=conference&rft.jtitle=&rft.atitle=Oral+wildlife+rabies+vaccination+in+the+USA&rft.au=Hanlon%2C+CA%3BRupprecht%2C+CE&rft.aulast=Hanlon&rft.aufirst=CA&rft.date=2000-12-31&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - SuppNotes - Availability: Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, 1600 Clifton Road, NE, Atlanta, GA 30333, USA; phone: (404) 639-3311; URL: http://www.cdc.gov, Abstracts available. Poster Paper No. P-21.12 N1 - Last updated - 2010-05-03 ER - TY - CPAPER T1 - Fluoroquinolone-resistant Neisseria gonorrhoeae in the United States AN - 41411939; 3365804 AU - Fox, K K AU - Levine, W C AU - Knapp, J S Y1 - 2000/12/31/ PY - 2000 DA - 2000 Dec 31 KW - CPI, Conference Papers Index KW - U 7000:Multidisciplinary UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/41411939?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Acpi&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=conference&rft.jtitle=&rft.atitle=Fluoroquinolone-resistant+Neisseria+gonorrhoeae+in+the+United+States&rft.au=Fox%2C+K+K%3BLevine%2C+W+C%3BKnapp%2C+J+S&rft.aulast=Fox&rft.aufirst=K&rft.date=2000-12-31&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - SuppNotes - Availability: Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, 1600 Clifton Road, NE, Atlanta, GA 30333, USA; phone: (404) 639-3311; URL: http://www.cdc.gov, Abstracts available. N1 - Last updated - 2010-05-03 ER - TY - CPAPER T1 - Clinical complications associated with Bartonella infections: Distinguishing characteristics of serologically confirmed cases AN - 41407487; 3361137 AU - Drenzek, CL AU - Rotz, L D AU - Dalton, J AU - Regnery, R L AU - Childs, JE Y1 - 2000/12/31/ PY - 2000 DA - 2000 Dec 31 KW - CPI, Conference Papers Index KW - U 3500:Clinical Medicine UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/41407487?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Acpi&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=conference&rft.jtitle=&rft.atitle=Outbreak+of+tuberculosis+in+Delaware&rft.au=Gross%2C+T%3BBloch%2C+A%3BRogers%2C+G%3BSilverman%2C+P%3BSmith%2C+T%3BIsrael%2C+E&rft.aulast=Gross&rft.aufirst=T&rft.date=2000-12-31&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - SuppNotes - Availability: ASTMH, 60 Revere Drive, Suite 500, Northbrook, IL 60062, USA, Abstracts available. Price $10. N1 - Last updated - 2010-05-03 ER - TY - CPAPER T1 - Rapid identification of soluble virulence factors using gel-microdrops AN - 41406597; 3365640 AU - Parker, J T AU - Hart, J C AU - Hamilton, C J AU - Kellogg, R B AU - Sisson, S AU - Dillon, M T AU - Martin, W J AU - Vafai, A Y1 - 2000/12/31/ PY - 2000 DA - 2000 Dec 31 KW - CPI, Conference Papers Index KW - U 7000:Multidisciplinary UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/41406597?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Acpi&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=conference&rft.jtitle=&rft.atitle=Rapid+identification+of+soluble+virulence+factors+using+gel-microdrops&rft.au=Parker%2C+J+T%3BHart%2C+J+C%3BHamilton%2C+C+J%3BKellogg%2C+R+B%3BSisson%2C+S%3BDillon%2C+M+T%3BMartin%2C+W+J%3BVafai%2C+A&rft.aulast=Parker&rft.aufirst=J&rft.date=2000-12-31&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - SuppNotes - Availability: Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, 1600 Clifton Road, NE, Atlanta, GA 30333, USA; phone: (404) 639-3311; URL: http://www.cdc.gov, Abstracts available. Poster Paper No. P-2.5 N1 - Last updated - 2010-05-03 ER - TY - CPAPER T1 - Cost-effectiveness of group B streptococcal vaccination among the elderly AN - 41406564; 3365635 AU - Rosenstein, N E AU - Harrison, L H AU - Martin, R AU - Dwyer, D M AU - Whitney, C G AU - Schuchat, A Y1 - 2000/12/31/ PY - 2000 DA - 2000 Dec 31 KW - CPI, Conference Papers Index KW - U 7000:Multidisciplinary UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/41406564?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Acpi&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=conference&rft.jtitle=&rft.atitle=Cost-effectiveness+of+group+B+streptococcal+vaccination+among+the+elderly&rft.au=Rosenstein%2C+N+E%3BHarrison%2C+L+H%3BMartin%2C+R%3BDwyer%2C+D+M%3BWhitney%2C+C+G%3BSchuchat%2C+A&rft.aulast=Rosenstein&rft.aufirst=N&rft.date=2000-12-31&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - SuppNotes - Availability: Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, 1600 Clifton Road, NE, Atlanta, GA 30333, USA; phone: (404) 639-3311; URL: http://www.cdc.gov, Abstracts available. Poster Paper No. P-1.10 N1 - Last updated - 2010-05-03 ER - TY - CPAPER T1 - Quantitation of viable Cryptosporidium oocysts by a bioluminescence immunoassay based invasion-PCR AN - 41406474; 3361543 AU - Xiao, L AU - Yang, C AU - Nelson, C AU - Lal, A A Y1 - 2000/12/31/ PY - 2000 DA - 2000 Dec 31 KW - CPI, Conference Papers Index KW - U 3500:Clinical Medicine UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/41406474?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Acpi&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=conference&rft.jtitle=&rft.atitle=Quantitation+of+viable+Cryptosporidium+oocysts+by+a+bioluminescence+immunoassay+based+invasion-PCR&rft.au=Xiao%2C+L%3BYang%2C+C%3BNelson%2C+C%3BLal%2C+A+A&rft.aulast=Xiao&rft.aufirst=L&rft.date=2000-12-31&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - SuppNotes - Availability: ASTMH, 60 Revere Drive, Suite 500, Northbrook, IL 60062, USA, Abstracts available. Price $10. N1 - Last updated - 2010-05-03 ER - TY - CPAPER T1 - Cryptosporidiosis as a cofactor in HIV-1 replication and disease progression AN - 41406004; 3361366 AU - Xiao, L AU - Lal, R B AU - Lal, A A Y1 - 2000/12/31/ PY - 2000 DA - 2000 Dec 31 KW - CPI, Conference Papers Index KW - U 3500:Clinical Medicine UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/41406004?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Acpi&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=conference&rft.jtitle=&rft.atitle=Cryptosporidiosis+as+a+cofactor+in+HIV-1+replication+and+disease+progression&rft.au=Xiao%2C+L%3BLal%2C+R+B%3BLal%2C+A+A&rft.aulast=Xiao&rft.aufirst=L&rft.date=2000-12-31&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - SuppNotes - Availability: ASTMH, 60 Revere Drive, Suite 500, Northbrook, IL 60062, USA, Abstracts available. Price $10. Poster Paper No. 298 N1 - Last updated - 2010-05-03 ER - TY - CPAPER T1 - Epidemic of dengue 4 virus in Yap State, Federated States of Micronesia, and implication of Aedes hensilli as an epidemic vector AN - 41405873; 3361108 AU - Savage, H M AU - Fritz, CL AU - Rutstein, D AU - Yolwa, A AU - Vorndam, V AU - Gubler, D J Y1 - 2000/12/31/ PY - 2000 DA - 2000 Dec 31 KW - CPI, Conference Papers Index KW - U 3500:Clinical Medicine UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/41405873?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Acpi&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=conference&rft.jtitle=&rft.atitle=Epidemic+of+dengue+4+virus+in+Yap+State%2C+Federated+States+of+Micronesia%2C+and+implication+of+Aedes+hensilli+as+an+epidemic+vector&rft.au=Savage%2C+H+M%3BFritz%2C+CL%3BRutstein%2C+D%3BYolwa%2C+A%3BVorndam%2C+V%3BGubler%2C+D+J&rft.aulast=Savage&rft.aufirst=H&rft.date=2000-12-31&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - SuppNotes - Availability: ASTMH, 60 Revere Drive, Suite 500, Northbrook, IL 60062, USA, Abstracts available. Price $10. N1 - Last updated - 2010-05-03 ER - TY - CPAPER T1 - Development of Plasmodium falciparum multivalent, multi-stage recombinant vaccine AN - 41404498; 3361369 AU - Shi, Y P AU - Hasnain, S AU - Holloway, B AU - Collins, W E AU - Lal, A A Y1 - 2000/12/31/ PY - 2000 DA - 2000 Dec 31 KW - CPI, Conference Papers Index KW - U 3500:Clinical Medicine UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/41404498?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Acpi&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=conference&rft.jtitle=&rft.atitle=Development+of+Plasmodium+falciparum+multivalent%2C+multi-stage+recombinant+vaccine&rft.au=Shi%2C+Y+P%3BHasnain%2C+S%3BHolloway%2C+B%3BCollins%2C+W+E%3BLal%2C+A+A&rft.aulast=Shi&rft.aufirst=Y&rft.date=2000-12-31&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - SuppNotes - Availability: ASTMH, 60 Revere Drive, Suite 500, Northbrook, IL 60062, USA, Abstracts available. Price $10. N1 - Last updated - 2010-05-03 ER - TY - CPAPER T1 - Studies on a strain of Plasmodium vivax from India in Aotus and Saimiri monkeys and chimpanzees AN - 41404320; 3361318 AU - Sullivan, J S AU - Morris, CL AU - Richardson, B B AU - Nesby, S L AU - Collins, W E Y1 - 2000/12/31/ PY - 2000 DA - 2000 Dec 31 KW - CPI, Conference Papers Index KW - U 3500:Clinical Medicine UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/41404320?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Acpi&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=conference&rft.jtitle=&rft.atitle=Studies+on+a+strain+of+Plasmodium+vivax+from+India+in+Aotus+and+Saimiri+monkeys+and+chimpanzees&rft.au=Sullivan%2C+J+S%3BMorris%2C+CL%3BRichardson%2C+B+B%3BNesby%2C+S+L%3BCollins%2C+W+E&rft.aulast=Sullivan&rft.aufirst=J&rft.date=2000-12-31&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - SuppNotes - Availability: ASTMH, 60 Revere Drive, Suite 500, Northbrook, IL 60062, USA, Abstracts available. Price $10. Poster Paper No. 250 N1 - Last updated - 2010-05-03 ER - TY - CPAPER T1 - Intranasal immunization with recombinant PsaA (37kDa) protects mice challenged intranasally with Streptococcus pneumoniae AN - 41403870; 3365633 AU - Ades, E W AU - Sampson, J S AU - Ebriles, DE AU - King, J D AU - De, B AU - Tharpe, J AU - Huebner, R C AU - Carlone, G Y1 - 2000/12/31/ PY - 2000 DA - 2000 Dec 31 KW - CPI, Conference Papers Index KW - U 7000:Multidisciplinary UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/41403870?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Acpi&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=conference&rft.jtitle=&rft.atitle=Intranasal+immunization+with+recombinant+PsaA+%2837kDa%29+protects+mice+challenged+intranasally+with+Streptococcus+pneumoniae&rft.au=Ades%2C+E+W%3BSampson%2C+J+S%3BEbriles%2C+DE%3BKing%2C+J+D%3BDe%2C+B%3BTharpe%2C+J%3BHuebner%2C+R+C%3BCarlone%2C+G&rft.aulast=Ades&rft.aufirst=E&rft.date=2000-12-31&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - SuppNotes - Availability: Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, 1600 Clifton Road, NE, Atlanta, GA 30333, USA; phone: (404) 639-3311; URL: http://www.cdc.gov, Abstracts available. Poster Paper No. P-1.8 N1 - Last updated - 2010-05-03 ER - TY - CPAPER T1 - Evaluation of HIV surveillance in the United States AN - 41403552; 3352279 AU - Lehman, J S AU - Fleming, P AU - Bindman, A AU - Hecht, F AU - Ward, J Y1 - 2000/12/31/ PY - 2000 DA - 2000 Dec 31 KW - CPI, Conference Papers Index KW - U 3500:Clinical Medicine KW - U 4500:Experimental Medicine UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/41403552?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Acpi&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=conference&rft.jtitle=&rft.atitle=Evaluation+of+HIV+surveillance+in+the+United+States&rft.au=Lehman%2C+J+S%3BFleming%2C+P%3BBindman%2C+A%3BHecht%2C+F%3BWard%2C+J&rft.aulast=Lehman&rft.aufirst=J&rft.date=2000-12-31&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - SuppNotes - Availability: American Public Health Association, Department C, P.O. Box 753, Waldorf, MD 20604-0753, Abstracts available. N1 - Last updated - 2010-05-03 ER - TY - CPAPER T1 - Drug use as a risk factor for recent HIV seroconversion among patients attending STD clinics, 1994-1996 AN - 41397243; 3351905 AU - Sweeney, S AU - Weinstock, H AU - Gwinn, M Y1 - 2000/12/31/ PY - 2000 DA - 2000 Dec 31 KW - CPI, Conference Papers Index KW - U 3500:Clinical Medicine KW - U 4500:Experimental Medicine UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/41397243?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Acpi&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=conference&rft.jtitle=&rft.atitle=Drug+use+as+a+risk+factor+for+recent+HIV+seroconversion+among+patients+attending+STD+clinics%2C+1994-1996&rft.au=Sweeney%2C+S%3BWeinstock%2C+H%3BGwinn%2C+M&rft.aulast=Sweeney&rft.aufirst=S&rft.date=2000-12-31&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - SuppNotes - Availability: American Public Health Association, Department C, P.O. Box 753, Waldorf, MD 20604-0753, Abstracts available. N1 - Last updated - 2010-05-03 ER - TY - CPAPER T1 - Serological evidence of O'Nyong-Nyong viral infection in Kenya, 1994-95 AN - 41396565; 3361434 AU - Tsai, T F AU - Sanders, E J AU - Hendricks, E AU - Dougle, M AU - Sluys, D AU - Van den Born, BJ AU - Swanepoel, R Y1 - 2000/12/31/ PY - 2000 DA - 2000 Dec 31 KW - CPI, Conference Papers Index KW - U 3500:Clinical Medicine UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/41396565?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Acpi&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=conference&rft.jtitle=&rft.atitle=Serological+evidence+of+O%27Nyong-Nyong+viral+infection+in+Kenya%2C+1994-95&rft.au=Tsai%2C+T+F%3BSanders%2C+E+J%3BHendricks%2C+E%3BDougle%2C+M%3BSluys%2C+D%3BVan+den+Born%2C+BJ%3BSwanepoel%2C+R&rft.aulast=Tsai&rft.aufirst=T&rft.date=2000-12-31&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - SuppNotes - Availability: ASTMH, 60 Revere Drive, Suite 500, Northbrook, IL 60062, USA, Abstracts available. Price $10. N1 - Last updated - 2010-05-03 ER - TY - CPAPER T1 - Determining the burden and causes of foodborne illness: FoodNet, 1996-1997 AN - 41395259; 3365653 AU - Angulo, F AU - Voetsch, D AU - Swerdlow, D AU - Griffin, P AU - Vugia, D AU - Marcus, R AU - Farley, M AU - Blake, P AU - Hedberg, C AU - Cieslak, P Y1 - 2000/12/31/ PY - 2000 DA - 2000 Dec 31 KW - CPI, Conference Papers Index KW - U 7000:Multidisciplinary UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/41395259?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Acpi&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=conference&rft.jtitle=&rft.atitle=Determining+the+burden+and+causes+of+foodborne+illness%3A+FoodNet%2C+1996-1997&rft.au=Angulo%2C+F%3BVoetsch%2C+D%3BSwerdlow%2C+D%3BGriffin%2C+P%3BVugia%2C+D%3BMarcus%2C+R%3BFarley%2C+M%3BBlake%2C+P%3BHedberg%2C+C%3BCieslak%2C+P&rft.aulast=Angulo&rft.aufirst=F&rft.date=2000-12-31&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - SuppNotes - Availability: Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, 1600 Clifton Road, NE, Atlanta, GA 30333, USA; phone: (404) 639-3311; URL: http://www.cdc.gov, Abstracts available. Poster Paper No. P-3.11 N1 - Last updated - 2010-05-03 ER - TY - CPAPER T1 - BHI vancomycin agar screening test for detection of staphylococcal isolates exhibiting decreased susceptibility to vancomycin AN - 41388890; 3365994 AU - Hill, B C AU - Lancaster, M V AU - Tenover, F C Y1 - 2000/12/31/ PY - 2000 DA - 2000 Dec 31 KW - CPI, Conference Papers Index KW - U 7000:Multidisciplinary UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/41388890?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Acpi&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=conference&rft.jtitle=&rft.atitle=BHI+vancomycin+agar+screening+test+for+detection+of+staphylococcal+isolates+exhibiting+decreased+susceptibility+to+vancomycin&rft.au=Hill%2C+B+C%3BLancaster%2C+M+V%3BTenover%2C+F+C&rft.aulast=Hill&rft.aufirst=B&rft.date=2000-12-31&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - SuppNotes - Availability: Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, 1600 Clifton Road, NE, Atlanta, GA 30333, USA; phone: (404) 639-3311; URL: http://www.cdc.gov, Abstracts available. N1 - Last updated - 2010-05-03 ER - TY - CPAPER T1 - Epidemic hepatitis A among illicit drug users in Oregon: Evidence for adult-to-adult transmission AN - 41388769; 3365874 AU - Van Beneden, C AU - Hedberg, K AU - Zimmerman, P AU - Gutelius-Johnson, M AU - Terry, J AU - Fleming, D Y1 - 2000/12/31/ PY - 2000 DA - 2000 Dec 31 KW - CPI, Conference Papers Index KW - U 7000:Multidisciplinary UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/41388769?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Acpi&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=conference&rft.jtitle=&rft.atitle=Epidemic+hepatitis+A+among+illicit+drug+users+in+Oregon%3A+Evidence+for+adult-to-adult+transmission&rft.au=Van+Beneden%2C+C%3BHedberg%2C+K%3BZimmerman%2C+P%3BGutelius-Johnson%2C+M%3BTerry%2C+J%3BFleming%2C+D&rft.aulast=Van+Beneden&rft.aufirst=C&rft.date=2000-12-31&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - SuppNotes - Availability: Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, 1600 Clifton Road, NE, Atlanta, GA 30333, USA; phone: (404) 639-3311; URL: http://www.cdc.gov, Abstracts available. Poster Paper No. P-14.4 N1 - Last updated - 2010-05-03 ER - TY - CPAPER T1 - Human immunodeficiency virus AN - 41388504; 3365766 AU - McDougal, J S Y1 - 2000/12/31/ PY - 2000 DA - 2000 Dec 31 KW - CPI, Conference Papers Index KW - U 7000:Multidisciplinary UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/41388504?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Acpi&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=conference&rft.jtitle=&rft.atitle=Human+immunodeficiency+virus&rft.au=McDougal%2C+J+S&rft.aulast=McDougal&rft.aufirst=J&rft.date=2000-12-31&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - SuppNotes - Availability: Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, 1600 Clifton Road, NE, Atlanta, GA 30333, USA; phone: (404) 639-3311; URL: http://www.cdc.gov, Abstracts available. N1 - Last updated - 2010-05-03 ER - TY - CPAPER T1 - Rodent-borne zoonoses AN - 41388458; 3365757 AU - Peters, C J Y1 - 2000/12/31/ PY - 2000 DA - 2000 Dec 31 KW - CPI, Conference Papers Index KW - U 7000:Multidisciplinary UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/41388458?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Acpi&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=conference&rft.jtitle=&rft.atitle=Rodent-borne+zoonoses&rft.au=Peters%2C+C+J&rft.aulast=Peters&rft.aufirst=C&rft.date=2000-12-31&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - SuppNotes - Availability: Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, 1600 Clifton Road, NE, Atlanta, GA 30333, USA; phone: (404) 639-3311; URL: http://www.cdc.gov, Abstracts available. N1 - Last updated - 2010-05-03 ER - TY - CPAPER T1 - Epidemiology of hantavirus pulmonary syndrome in the United States, 1993-1997 AN - 41387701; 3365946 AU - Young, J C AU - Busico, K M AU - Khan, A S AU - Peters, C J AU - Ksiazek, T G Y1 - 2000/12/31/ PY - 2000 DA - 2000 Dec 31 KW - CPI, Conference Papers Index KW - U 7000:Multidisciplinary UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/41387701?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Acpi&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=conference&rft.jtitle=&rft.atitle=Epidemiology+of+hantavirus+pulmonary+syndrome+in+the+United+States%2C+1993-1997&rft.au=Young%2C+J+C%3BBusico%2C+K+M%3BKhan%2C+A+S%3BPeters%2C+C+J%3BKsiazek%2C+T+G&rft.aulast=Young&rft.aufirst=J&rft.date=2000-12-31&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - SuppNotes - Availability: Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, 1600 Clifton Road, NE, Atlanta, GA 30333, USA; phone: (404) 639-3311; URL: http://www.cdc.gov, Abstracts available. Poster Paper No. P-21.23 N1 - Last updated - 2010-05-03 ER - TY - CPAPER T1 - Public health prevention service: A new CDC training program in applied public health practice AN - 41386091; 3352778 AU - Cahill, S AU - Geissman, K AU - Jarvis, D AU - Chin, P AU - Dannenberg, A Y1 - 2000/12/31/ PY - 2000 DA - 2000 Dec 31 KW - CPI, Conference Papers Index KW - U 3500:Clinical Medicine KW - U 4500:Experimental Medicine UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/41386091?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Acpi&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=conference&rft.jtitle=&rft.atitle=Public+health+prevention+service%3A+A+new+CDC+training+program+in+applied+public+health+practice&rft.au=Cahill%2C+S%3BGeissman%2C+K%3BJarvis%2C+D%3BChin%2C+P%3BDannenberg%2C+A&rft.aulast=Cahill&rft.aufirst=S&rft.date=2000-12-31&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - SuppNotes - Availability: American Public Health Association, Department C, P.O. Box 753, Waldorf, MD 20604-0753, Abstracts available. N1 - Last updated - 2010-05-03 ER - TY - CPAPER T1 - Immunization coverage rates among private providers in Maine AN - 41386011; 3350349 AU - Massoudi AU - Walsh, J AU - Rosenthal, J AU - Stevenson, J AU - Milanjovic, B AU - Stokely, S Y1 - 2000/12/31/ PY - 2000 DA - 2000 Dec 31 KW - CPI, Conference Papers Index KW - U 3500:Clinical Medicine KW - U 4500:Experimental Medicine UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/41386011?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Acpi&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=conference&rft.jtitle=&rft.atitle=Immunization+coverage+rates+among+private+providers+in+Maine&rft.au=Massoudi%3BWalsh%2C+J%3BRosenthal%2C+J%3BStevenson%2C+J%3BMilanjovic%2C+B%3BStokely%2C+S&rft.aulast=Massoudi&rft.aufirst=&rft.date=2000-12-31&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - SuppNotes - Availability: American Public Health Association, Department C, P.O. Box 753, Waldorf, MD 20604-0753, Abstracts available. N1 - Last updated - 2010-05-03 ER - TY - CPAPER T1 - Oocyst viability determination of Cryptosporidium parvum AN - 41380433; 3361359 AU - Call, J L AU - Arrowood, MJ AU - Xie, L T AU - Tang, V C Y1 - 2000/12/31/ PY - 2000 DA - 2000 Dec 31 KW - CPI, Conference Papers Index KW - U 3500:Clinical Medicine UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/41380433?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Acpi&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=conference&rft.jtitle=&rft.atitle=Oocyst+viability+determination+of+Cryptosporidium+parvum&rft.au=Call%2C+J+L%3BArrowood%2C+MJ%3BXie%2C+L+T%3BTang%2C+V+C&rft.aulast=Call&rft.aufirst=J&rft.date=2000-12-31&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - SuppNotes - Availability: ASTMH, 60 Revere Drive, Suite 500, Northbrook, IL 60062, USA, Abstracts available. Price $10. Poster Paper No. 291 N1 - Last updated - 2010-05-03 ER - TY - CPAPER T1 - Trends based on self-report of Neisseria gonorrhea, chlamydia trachomatis, genital warts, and genital herpes among women 18-44 AN - 41379492; 3351532 AU - Brackbill, R Y1 - 2000/12/31/ PY - 2000 DA - 2000 Dec 31 KW - CPI, Conference Papers Index KW - U 3500:Clinical Medicine KW - U 4500:Experimental Medicine UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/41379492?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Acpi&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=conference&rft.jtitle=&rft.atitle=Trends+based+on+self-report+of+Neisseria+gonorrhea%2C+chlamydia+trachomatis%2C+genital+warts%2C+and+genital+herpes+among+women+18-44&rft.au=Brackbill%2C+R&rft.aulast=Brackbill&rft.aufirst=R&rft.date=2000-12-31&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - SuppNotes - Availability: American Public Health Association, Department C, P.O. Box 753, Waldorf, MD 20604-0753, Abstracts available. N1 - Last updated - 2010-05-03 ER - TY - CPAPER T1 - Emergence of nosocomial methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) in the United States, 1987-1997 AN - 41378460; 3366046 AU - Gaynes, R AU - Culver, D Y1 - 2000/12/31/ PY - 2000 DA - 2000 Dec 31 KW - CPI, Conference Papers Index KW - U 7000:Multidisciplinary UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/41378460?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Acpi&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=conference&rft.jtitle=&rft.atitle=Emergence+of+nosocomial+methicillin-resistant+Staphylococcus+aureus+%28MRSA%29+in+the+United+States%2C+1987-1997&rft.au=Gaynes%2C+R%3BCulver%2C+D&rft.aulast=Gaynes&rft.aufirst=R&rft.date=2000-12-31&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - SuppNotes - Availability: Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, 1600 Clifton Road, NE, Atlanta, GA 30333, USA; phone: (404) 639-3311; URL: http://www.cdc.gov, Abstracts available. Poster Paper No. P-22.17 N1 - Last updated - 2010-05-03 ER - TY - CPAPER T1 - Ebola: Keeping prevention messages alive AN - 41374699; 3350500 AU - Lloyd, E S Y1 - 2000/12/31/ PY - 2000 DA - 2000 Dec 31 KW - CPI, Conference Papers Index KW - U 3500:Clinical Medicine KW - U 4500:Experimental Medicine UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/41374699?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Acpi&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=conference&rft.jtitle=&rft.atitle=Ebola%3A+Keeping+prevention+messages+alive&rft.au=Lloyd%2C+E+S&rft.aulast=Lloyd&rft.aufirst=E&rft.date=2000-12-31&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - SuppNotes - Availability: American Public Health Association, Department C, P.O. Box 753, Waldorf, MD 20604-0753, Abstracts available. N1 - Last updated - 2010-05-03 ER - TY - CPAPER T1 - Two-dimensional electrophoretic analysis of myocardial proteins from lead-exposed rabbits AN - 41310154; 3303267 AU - Toraason, M AU - Moorman, W AU - Mathias, P I AU - Futz, C AU - Witzmann, F Y1 - 2000/12/31/ PY - 2000 DA - 2000 Dec 31 KW - CPI, Conference Papers Index KW - U 7500:Pharmacology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/41310154?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Acpi&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=conference&rft.jtitle=&rft.atitle=Two-dimensional+electrophoretic+analysis+of+myocardial+proteins+from+lead-exposed+rabbits&rft.au=Toraason%2C+M%3BMoorman%2C+W%3BMathias%2C+P+I%3BFutz%2C+C%3BWitzmann%2C+F&rft.aulast=Toraason&rft.aufirst=M&rft.date=2000-12-31&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - SuppNotes - Availability: Society of Toxicology, 1767 Business Center Drive, Suite 302, Reston, VA 20190, Attn: Nell Dillard, Abstracts available. Price $55. Poster Paper No. 945 N1 - Last updated - 2010-05-03 ER - TY - CPAPER T1 - Why incident human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infections continue to occur in a community with high HIV prevalence AN - 41286631; 3304890 AU - Ellerbock, T AU - Stratford, D Y1 - 2000/12/31/ PY - 2000 DA - 2000 Dec 31 KW - CPI, Conference Papers Index KW - U 1000:Animal and Plant Science KW - U 3500:Clinical Medicine KW - U 2000:Biology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/41286631?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Acpi&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=conference&rft.jtitle=&rft.atitle=Why+incident+human+immunodeficiency+virus+%28HIV%29+infections+continue+to+occur+in+a+community+with+high+HIV+prevalence&rft.au=Ellerbock%2C+T%3BStratford%2C+D&rft.aulast=Ellerbock&rft.aufirst=T&rft.date=2000-12-31&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - SuppNotes - Availability: Society for Applied Anthropolgy, Business Office, Box 24083, Oklahoma City, OK 73124, Abstracts available. Price $12.50. N1 - Last updated - 2010-05-03 ER - TY - CPAPER T1 - Non-employment and tuberculosis AN - 41246419; 1724023 AU - Hutton, MD AU - Cauthen, G M AU - Bloch, AB AU - Ladan, AI Y1 - 2000/12/31/ PY - 2000 DA - 2000 Dec 31 KW - CPI, Conference Papers Index KW - U 3500:CLINICAL MEDICINE UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/41246419?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Acpi&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=conference&rft.jtitle=&rft.atitle=Non-employment+and+tuberculosis&rft.au=Hutton%2C+MD%3BCauthen%2C+G+M%3BBloch%2C+AB%3BLadan%2C+AI&rft.aulast=Hutton&rft.aufirst=MD&rft.date=2000-12-31&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - SuppNotes - Availability: American Lung Association, 1740 Broadway, New York, NY 10019 (USA) N1 - Last updated - 2010-05-03 ER - TY - CPAPER T1 - Synergistic action of insulin and catecholamines on ornithine decarboxylase activity in cultured myocytes from neonatal rat heart AN - 41239601; 1725491 AU - Toraason, M AU - Luken, M AU - Krueger, J Y1 - 2000/12/31/ PY - 2000 DA - 2000 Dec 31 KW - CPI, Conference Papers Index KW - U 2000:BIOLOGY GENERAL UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/41239601?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Acpi&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=conference&rft.jtitle=&rft.atitle=Synergistic+action+of+insulin+and+catecholamines+on+ornithine+decarboxylase+activity+in+cultured+myocytes+from+neonatal+rat+heart&rft.au=Toraason%2C+M%3BLuken%2C+M%3BKrueger%2C+J&rft.aulast=Toraason&rft.aufirst=M&rft.date=2000-12-31&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - SuppNotes - Availability: FASEB, 9650 Rockville Pike, Bethesda, MD 20814 (USA), Price: $75.00 (FASEB J. personal subscribers), $150.00 (FASEB J. institutional subscribers), $60.00 abstracts issues. N1 - Last updated - 2010-05-03 ER - TY - CPAPER T1 - Why has extrapulmonary tuberculosis declined so slowly? AN - 41229075; 1718149 AU - Rieder, H L AU - Snider, DE Jr Y1 - 2000/12/31/ PY - 2000 DA - 2000 Dec 31 KW - CPI, Conference Papers Index KW - U 3500:CLINICAL MEDICINE UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/41229075?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Acpi&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=conference&rft.jtitle=&rft.atitle=Why+has+extrapulmonary+tuberculosis+declined+so+slowly%3F&rft.au=Rieder%2C+H+L%3BSnider%2C+DE+Jr&rft.aulast=Rieder&rft.aufirst=H&rft.date=2000-12-31&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - SuppNotes - Availability: American Lung Association, 1740 Broadway, New York, NY 10019 (USA) N1 - Last updated - 2010-05-03 ER - TY - CPAPER T1 - Applications of molecular genetics to flavivirus research AN - 41228624; 3287425 AU - Chang, G J Y1 - 2000/12/31/ PY - 2000 DA - 2000 Dec 31 KW - CPI, Conference Papers Index KW - U 1000:Animal and Plant Science KW - U 2000:Biology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/41228624?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Acpi&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=conference&rft.jtitle=&rft.atitle=Applications+of+molecular+genetics+to+flavivirus+research&rft.au=Chang%2C+G+J&rft.aulast=Chang&rft.aufirst=G&rft.date=2000-12-31&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - SuppNotes - Availability: Entomological Society of America, 9301 Annapolis Road, Lanham, MD 20706-3115, Contact authors directly for individual papers. Paper No. 0505 N1 - Last updated - 2010-05-03 ER - TY - CPAPER T1 - Current U.S. attempts at vaccine development AN - 41174552; 1647863 AU - Francis, D Y1 - 2000/12/31/ PY - 2000 DA - 2000 Dec 31 KW - CPI, Conference Papers Index KW - U 4500:EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/41174552?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Acpi&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=conference&rft.jtitle=&rft.atitle=Current+U.S.+attempts+at+vaccine+development&rft.au=Francis%2C+D&rft.aulast=Francis&rft.aufirst=D&rft.date=2000-12-31&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - SuppNotes - Availability: No publications. Contact authors directly N1 - Last updated - 2010-05-03 ER - TY - CPAPER T1 - Human leukemia inhibitory factor (LIF): Promoter characterization and modulation by HIV-1 TAT AN - 41149251; 3227966 AU - Knuchel, M AU - Rudolph, D AU - Lal, R B Y1 - 2000/12/31/ PY - 2000 DA - 2000 Dec 31 KW - CPI, Conference Papers Index KW - U 4500:Experimental Medicine KW - U 2000:Biology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/41149251?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Acpi&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=conference&rft.jtitle=&rft.atitle=Human+leukemia+inhibitory+factor+%28LIF%29%3A+Promoter+characterization+and+modulation+by+HIV-1+TAT&rft.au=Knuchel%2C+M%3BRudolph%2C+D%3BLal%2C+R+B&rft.aulast=Knuchel&rft.aufirst=M&rft.date=2000-12-31&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - SuppNotes - Availability: Birkhauser Verlag, PO Box 133, CH-4010 Basel, Switzerland, Abstracts available. Paper No. S11-12 N1 - Last updated - 2010-05-03 ER - TY - CPAPER T1 - Biotechnological exploitation of symbiosis of medically important insects AN - 41124497; 3223187 AU - Beard, C B Y1 - 2000/12/31/ PY - 2000 DA - 2000 Dec 31 KW - CPI, Conference Papers Index KW - U 1000:Animal and Plant Science UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/41124497?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Acpi&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=conference&rft.jtitle=&rft.atitle=Biotechnological+exploitation+of+symbiosis+of+medically+important+insects&rft.au=Beard%2C+C+B&rft.aulast=Tacket&rft.aufirst=C&rft.date=2000-12-31&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - SuppNotes - Availability: The Entomological Society of America, 9301 Annapolis Road, Lanham, MD 20706, Contact individual authors concerning paper availability. Paper No. 0423 N1 - Last updated - 2010-05-03 ER - TY - CPAPER T1 - Role of "unusual" species of aerobic actinomycetes in pulmonary disease AN - 41017560; 1481073 AU - McNeil, M AU - Brown, J AU - Jarvis, W AU - Ajello, L Y1 - 2000/12/31/ PY - 2000 DA - 2000 Dec 31 KW - CPI, Conference Papers Index KW - U 2000:BIOLOGY GENERAL UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/41017560?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Acpi&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=conference&rft.jtitle=&rft.atitle=Role+of+%22unusual%22+species+of+aerobic+actinomycetes+in+pulmonary+disease&rft.au=McNeil%2C+M%3BBrown%2C+J%3BJarvis%2C+W%3BAjello%2C+L&rft.aulast=McNeil&rft.aufirst=M&rft.date=2000-12-31&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - SuppNotes - Availability: American Society for Microbiology, Publication Sales, 1913 I Street, N.W., Washington, DC 20006 (USA). Telephone: (202) 833-9680, Price: $20.00 (abstracts); $3.00 (program) Abstract No. F86 N1 - Last updated - 2010-05-03 ER - TY - CPAPER T1 - Peptidase activity and lectin agglutination of Neisseria cinerea AN - 41014932; 1478156 AU - Schalla, W O AU - Knapp, J S AU - Biddle, J W AU - Carlone, G M Y1 - 2000/12/31/ PY - 2000 DA - 2000 Dec 31 KW - CPI, Conference Papers Index KW - U 2000:BIOLOGY GENERAL UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/41014932?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Acpi&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=conference&rft.jtitle=&rft.atitle=Peptidase+activity+and+lectin+agglutination+of+Neisseria+cinerea&rft.au=Schalla%2C+W+O%3BKnapp%2C+J+S%3BBiddle%2C+J+W%3BCarlone%2C+G+M&rft.aulast=Schalla&rft.aufirst=W&rft.date=2000-12-31&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - SuppNotes - Availability: American Society for Microbiology, Publication Sales, 1913 I Street, N.W., Washington, DC 20006 (USA). Telephone: (202) 833-9680, Price: $20.00 (abstracts); $3.00 (program) Abstract No. C281 N1 - Last updated - 2010-05-03 ER - TY - CPAPER T1 - Comparison of media for the isolaton of Clostridium difficile from fecal specimens AN - 41014775; 1464280 AU - Bartley, S L AU - Dowell, VR Jr Y1 - 2000/12/31/ PY - 2000 DA - 2000 Dec 31 KW - CPI, Conference Papers Index KW - U 2000:BIOLOGY GENERAL UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/41014775?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Acpi&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=conference&rft.jtitle=&rft.atitle=Comparison+of+media+for+the+isolaton+of+Clostridium+difficile+from+fecal+specimens&rft.au=Bartley%2C+S+L%3BDowell%2C+VR+Jr&rft.aulast=Bartley&rft.aufirst=S&rft.date=2000-12-31&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - SuppNotes - Availability: American Society for Microbiology, Publication Sales, 1913 I Street, N.W., Washington, DC 20006 (USA). Telephone: (202) 833-9680, Price: $20.00 (abstracts); $3.00 (program) Abstract No. C1 N1 - Last updated - 2010-05-03 ER - TY - CPAPER T1 - Prevalence of enteric protozoa in day-care-center children AN - 41013948; 1480272 AU - Waskin, H AU - Finton, R AU - Elsea, W AU - Healy, G R Y1 - 2000/12/31/ PY - 2000 DA - 2000 Dec 31 KW - CPI, Conference Papers Index KW - U 2000:BIOLOGY GENERAL UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/41013948?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Acpi&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=conference&rft.jtitle=&rft.atitle=Prevalence+of+enteric+protozoa+in+day-care-center+children&rft.au=Waskin%2C+H%3BFinton%2C+R%3BElsea%2C+W%3BHealy%2C+G+R&rft.aulast=Waskin&rft.aufirst=H&rft.date=2000-12-31&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - SuppNotes - Availability: American Society for Microbiology, Publication Sales, 1913 I Street, N.W., Washington, DC 20006 (USA). Telephone: (202) 833-9680, Price: $20.00 (abstracts); $3.00 (program) Abstract No. C324 N1 - Last updated - 2010-05-03 ER - TY - CPAPER T1 - Evaluation of the Leathers-Awasthi medium for identifying Coccidioides immitis isolates AN - 41013571; 1476949 AU - Standard, P AU - Kaufman, L Y1 - 2000/12/31/ PY - 2000 DA - 2000 Dec 31 KW - CPI, Conference Papers Index KW - U 2000:BIOLOGY GENERAL UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/41013571?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Acpi&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=conference&rft.jtitle=&rft.atitle=Evaluation+of+the+Leathers-Awasthi+medium+for+identifying+Coccidioides+immitis+isolates&rft.au=Standard%2C+P%3BKaufman%2C+L&rft.aulast=Standard&rft.aufirst=P&rft.date=2000-12-31&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - SuppNotes - Availability: American Society for Microbiology, Publication Sales, 1913 I Street, N.W., Washington, DC 20006 (USA). Telephone: (202) 833-9680, Price: $20.00 (abstracts); $3.00 (program) Abstract No. F71 N1 - Last updated - 2010-05-03 ER - TY - CPAPER T1 - Growth characteristics of Mycobacterium chelonei in aqueous gentian violet solutions AN - 41005023; 1473849 AU - Carson, LA AU - Aguero, M AU - Safranek, T J AU - Jarvis, W R AU - Favero Y1 - 2000/12/31/ PY - 2000 DA - 2000 Dec 31 KW - CPI, Conference Papers Index KW - U 2000:BIOLOGY GENERAL UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/41005023?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Acpi&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=conference&rft.jtitle=&rft.atitle=Growth+characteristics+of+Mycobacterium+chelonei+in+aqueous+gentian+violet+solutions&rft.au=Carson%2C+LA%3BAguero%2C+M%3BSafranek%2C+T+J%3BJarvis%2C+W+R%3BFavero&rft.aulast=Carson&rft.aufirst=LA&rft.date=2000-12-31&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - SuppNotes - Availability: American Society for Microbiology, Publication Sales, 1913 I Street, N.W., Washington, DC 20006 (USA). Telephone: (202) 833-9680, Price: $20.00 (abstracts); $3.00 (program) Abstract No. L14 N1 - Last updated - 2010-05-03 ER - TY - CPAPER T1 - Characterization of Citrobacter by DNA hybridization and phenotype AN - 41004504; 1466317 AU - Brenner, D J AU - Fanning, G R AU - Riddle, C F AU - Kintzios, JA AU - Farmer, JJ III Y1 - 2000/12/31/ PY - 2000 DA - 2000 Dec 31 KW - CPI, Conference Papers Index KW - U 2000:BIOLOGY GENERAL UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/41004504?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Acpi&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=conference&rft.jtitle=&rft.atitle=Characterization+of+Citrobacter+by+DNA+hybridization+and+phenotype&rft.au=Brenner%2C+D+J%3BFanning%2C+G+R%3BRiddle%2C+C+F%3BKintzios%2C+JA%3BFarmer%2C+JJ+III&rft.aulast=Brenner&rft.aufirst=D&rft.date=2000-12-31&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - SuppNotes - Availability: American Society for Microbiology, Publication Sales, 1913 I Street, N.W., Washington, DC 20006 (USA). Telephone: (202) 833-9680, Price: $20.00 (abstracts); $3.00 (program) Abstract No. D38 N1 - Last updated - 2010-05-03 ER - TY - CPAPER T1 - Immunologic responses of humans to infection and vaccination with Bordetella pertussis AN - 41000404; 1479399 AU - Redd, S C AU - Rumschlag, H S AU - Beillik, R J AU - Sanden, G N AU - Reimer, C B AU - Cohen, M L Y1 - 2000/12/31/ PY - 2000 DA - 2000 Dec 31 KW - CPI, Conference Papers Index KW - U 2000:BIOLOGY GENERAL UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/41000404?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Acpi&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=conference&rft.jtitle=&rft.atitle=Immunologic+responses+of+humans+to+infection+and+vaccination+with+Bordetella+pertussis&rft.au=Redd%2C+S+C%3BRumschlag%2C+H+S%3BBeillik%2C+R+J%3BSanden%2C+G+N%3BReimer%2C+C+B%3BCohen%2C+M+L&rft.aulast=Redd&rft.aufirst=S&rft.date=2000-12-31&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - SuppNotes - Availability: American Society for Microbiology, Publication Sales, 1913 I Street, N.W., Washington, DC 20006 (USA). Telephone: (202) 833-9680, Price: $20.00 (abstracts); $3.00 (program) Abstract No. E64 N1 - Last updated - 2010-05-03 ER - TY - CPAPER T1 - Conversion of African Blastomyces dermatitidis isolates from mycelial to yeast form at 37 degree C AN - 40999116; 1476911 AU - Padhye, A A AU - Ajello, L Y1 - 2000/12/31/ PY - 2000 DA - 2000 Dec 31 KW - CPI, Conference Papers Index KW - U 2000:BIOLOGY GENERAL UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/40999116?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Acpi&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=conference&rft.jtitle=&rft.atitle=Conversion+of+African+Blastomyces+dermatitidis+isolates+from+mycelial+to+yeast+form+at+37+degree+C&rft.au=Padhye%2C+A+A%3BAjello%2C+L&rft.aulast=Padhye&rft.aufirst=A&rft.date=2000-12-31&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - SuppNotes - Availability: American Society for Microbiology, Publication Sales, 1913 I Street, N.W., Washington, DC 20006 (USA). Telephone: (202) 833-9680, Price: $20.00 (abstracts); $3.00 (program) Abstract No. F65 N1 - Last updated - 2010-05-03 ER - TY - CPAPER T1 - Immunofluorescent evaluation of Treponema pallidum antibody in sera from infants and mothers suspected of syphilis AN - 40997162; 1476854 AU - Hunter, E F AU - Larsen, SA AU - Beck-Sague, C M AU - Craig, B T AU - Parham, CE Y1 - 2000/12/31/ PY - 2000 DA - 2000 Dec 31 KW - CPI, Conference Papers Index KW - U 2000:BIOLOGY GENERAL UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/40997162?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Acpi&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=conference&rft.jtitle=&rft.atitle=Immunofluorescent+evaluation+of+Treponema+pallidum+antibody+in+sera+from+infants+and+mothers+suspected+of+syphilis&rft.au=Hunter%2C+E+F%3BLarsen%2C+SA%3BBeck-Sague%2C+C+M%3BCraig%2C+B+T%3BParham%2C+CE&rft.aulast=Hunter&rft.aufirst=E&rft.date=2000-12-31&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - SuppNotes - Availability: American Society for Microbiology, Publication Sales, 1913 I Street, N.W., Washington, DC 20006 (USA). Telephone: (202) 833-9680, Price: $20.00 (abstracts); $3.00 (program) Abstract No. V14 N1 - Last updated - 2010-05-03 ER - TY - CPAPER T1 - Evaluation of rapid DNA probe assays (GEN PROBE) for Mycobacterium avium complex AN - 40996666; 1478266 AU - Woodley, CL AU - Silcox, V A AU - Floyd, M M AU - Good, R C AU - Kubica, G P Y1 - 2000/12/31/ PY - 2000 DA - 2000 Dec 31 KW - CPI, Conference Papers Index KW - U 2000:BIOLOGY GENERAL UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/40996666?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Acpi&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=conference&rft.jtitle=&rft.atitle=Evaluation+of+rapid+DNA+probe+assays+%28GEN+PROBE%29+for+Mycobacterium+avium+complex&rft.au=Woodley%2C+CL%3BSilcox%2C+V+A%3BFloyd%2C+M+M%3BGood%2C+R+C%3BKubica%2C+G+P&rft.aulast=Woodley&rft.aufirst=CL&rft.date=2000-12-31&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - SuppNotes - Availability: American Society for Microbiology, Publication Sales, 1913 I Street, N.W., Washington, DC 20006 (USA). Telephone: (202) 833-9680, Price: $20.00 (abstracts); $3.00 (program) Abstract No. U45 N1 - Last updated - 2010-05-03 ER - TY - CPAPER T1 - Rapid identification of Mycobacterium tuberculosis complex, using a DNA probe AN - 40996638; 1478270 AU - Silcox, V A AU - Floyd, M M AU - Woodley, CL Y1 - 2000/12/31/ PY - 2000 DA - 2000 Dec 31 KW - CPI, Conference Papers Index KW - U 2000:BIOLOGY GENERAL UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/40996638?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Acpi&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=conference&rft.jtitle=&rft.atitle=Serologic+response+to+Vibrio+cholerae+O1+Ogawa+and+Inaba+infection&rft.au=Besser%2C+R%3BFeikin%2C+D%3BEberhart-Phillips%2C+J%3BBarrett%2C+T%3BWard%2C+B%3BKilman%2C+L%3BMascola%2C+L%3BGriffin%2C+P&rft.aulast=Besser&rft.aufirst=R&rft.date=2000-12-31&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - SuppNotes - Availability: American Society for Microbiology, Publication Sales, 1913 I Street, N.W., Washington, DC 20006 (USA). Telephone: (202) 833-9680, Price: $20.00 (abstracts); $3.00 (program) Abstract No. U46 N1 - Last updated - 2010-05-03 ER - TY - CPAPER T1 - Comparison of two rapid diagnostic tests for the identification of pathogenic Neisseria species AN - 40996521; 1477972 AU - Schalla, W O AU - Lewis, J S AU - Knapp, J S AU - Biddle, J W Y1 - 2000/12/31/ PY - 2000 DA - 2000 Dec 31 KW - CPI, Conference Papers Index KW - U 2000:BIOLOGY GENERAL UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/40996521?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Acpi&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=conference&rft.jtitle=&rft.atitle=Comparison+of+two+rapid+diagnostic+tests+for+the+identification+of+pathogenic+Neisseria+species&rft.au=Schalla%2C+W+O%3BLewis%2C+J+S%3BKnapp%2C+J+S%3BBiddle%2C+J+W&rft.aulast=Schalla&rft.aufirst=W&rft.date=2000-12-31&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - SuppNotes - Availability: American Society for Microbiology, Publication Sales, 1913 I Street, N.W., Washington, DC 20006 (USA). Telephone: (202) 833-9680, Price: $20.00 (abstracts); $3.00 (program) Abstract No. C267 N1 - Last updated - 2010-05-03 ER - TY - CPAPER T1 - Detection of Chlamydia trachomatis antigen in urine of symptomatic and asymptomatic men by chlamydiazyme AN - 40993889; 1470938 AU - Lewis, J S AU - Harrison, H R AU - Kraus, S J AU - Hambie, E Y1 - 2000/12/31/ PY - 2000 DA - 2000 Dec 31 KW - CPI, Conference Papers Index KW - U 2000:BIOLOGY GENERAL UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/40993889?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Acpi&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=conference&rft.jtitle=&rft.atitle=Epidemiology+of+multiply+resistant+Streptococcus+pneumoniae+at+a+day+care+center&rft.au=Reichler%2C+M%3BAllphin%2C+A%3BSchreiber%2C+J%3BArnold%2C+J%3BMcDougal%2C+L%3BBoxerbaum%2C+B&rft.aulast=Reichler&rft.aufirst=M&rft.date=2000-12-31&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - SuppNotes - Availability: American Society for Microbiology, Publication Sales, 1913 I Street, N.W., Washington, DC 20006 (USA). Telephone: (202) 833-9680, Price: $20.00 (abstracts); $3.00 (program) Abstract No. C133 N1 - Last updated - 2010-05-03 ER - TY - CPAPER T1 - Laboratory evaluation of jet injector guns for potential transmission of hepatitis AN - 40993764; 1465480 AU - Bond, BWW AU - Alter, MJ AU - Spelbring, JE AU - Favero AU - Maynard, JE Y1 - 2000/12/31/ PY - 2000 DA - 2000 Dec 31 KW - CPI, Conference Papers Index KW - U 2000:BIOLOGY GENERAL UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/40993764?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Acpi&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=conference&rft.jtitle=&rft.atitle=Laboratory+evaluation+of+jet+injector+guns+for+potential+transmission+of+hepatitis&rft.au=Bond%2C+BWW%3BAlter%2C+MJ%3BSpelbring%2C+JE%3BFavero%3BMaynard%2C+JE&rft.aulast=Bond&rft.aufirst=BWW&rft.date=2000-12-31&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - SuppNotes - Availability: American Society for Microbiology, Publication Sales, 1913 I Street, N.W., Washington, DC 20006 (USA). Telephone: (202) 833-9680, Price: $20.00 (abstracts); $3.00 (program) Abstract No. Q27 N1 - Last updated - 2010-05-03 ER - TY - CPAPER T1 - Characteristics of sulfate-reducing organisms associated with extraintestinal infections in humans AN - 40992964; 1464525 AU - Dowell, VR Jr AU - Bartley, S L AU - Wiggs, L S AU - Miller, PH Y1 - 2000/12/31/ PY - 2000 DA - 2000 Dec 31 KW - CPI, Conference Papers Index KW - U 2000:BIOLOGY GENERAL UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/40992964?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Acpi&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=conference&rft.jtitle=&rft.atitle=Characteristics+of+sulfate-reducing+organisms+associated+with+extraintestinal+infections+in+humans&rft.au=Jason%2C+J%3BMurphy%2C+J%3BSleeper%2C+LA%3BDonfield%2C+S+M%3BWarrier%2C+I%3BArkin%2C+S%3BEvatt%2C+B%3BComperts%2C+ED&rft.aulast=Jason&rft.aufirst=J&rft.date=2000-12-31&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - SuppNotes - Availability: American Society for Microbiology, Publication Sales, 1913 I Street, N.W., Washington, DC 20006 (USA). Telephone: (202) 833-9680, Price: $20.00 (abstracts); $3.00 (program) Abstract No. C26 N1 - Last updated - 2010-05-03 ER - TY - CPAPER T1 - Immunochemical analysis of histoplasmin proteins and polysaccharide AN - 40992102; 1473337 AU - Reiss, E AU - Bragg, S L AU - Kuykendall, R J Y1 - 2000/12/31/ PY - 2000 DA - 2000 Dec 31 KW - CPI, Conference Papers Index KW - U 2000:BIOLOGY GENERAL UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/40992102?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Acpi&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=conference&rft.jtitle=&rft.atitle=Immunochemical+analysis+of+histoplasmin+proteins+and+polysaccharide&rft.au=Reiss%2C+E%3BBragg%2C+S+L%3BKuykendall%2C+R+J&rft.aulast=Reiss&rft.aufirst=E&rft.date=2000-12-31&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - SuppNotes - Availability: American Society for Microbiology, Publication Sales, 1913 I Street, N.W., Washington, DC 20006 (USA). Telephone: (202) 833-9680, Price: $20.00 (abstracts); $3.00 (program) Abstract No. F38 N1 - Last updated - 2010-05-03 ER - TY - CPAPER T1 - Mechanisms of pathogenesis in a synergistic coinfection involving Fusobacterium mortiferum and Escherichia coli AN - 40931360; 1318497 AU - Turgeon, D K AU - Dowell, VR Jr AU - Broderson, J R AU - Arko, R J Y1 - 2000/12/31/ PY - 2000 DA - 2000 Dec 31 KW - CPI, Conference Papers Index KW - U 2000:BIOLOGY GENERAL UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/40931360?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Acpi&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=conference&rft.jtitle=&rft.atitle=Mechanisms+of+pathogenesis+in+a+synergistic+coinfection+involving+Fusobacterium+mortiferum+and+Escherichia+coli&rft.au=Turgeon%2C+D+K%3BDowell%2C+VR+Jr%3BBroderson%2C+J+R%3BArko%2C+R+J&rft.aulast=Turgeon&rft.aufirst=D&rft.date=2000-12-31&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - SuppNotes - Availability: American Society for Microbiology, 1913 I Street, N.W., Washington, DC 20006 (USA), Poster Paper No. B108 N1 - Last updated - 2010-05-03 ER - TY - CPAPER T1 - Use of DNA relatedness to study taxonomic relationships among Clostridium botulinum type G and similar clostridial species AN - 40926203; 1323567 AU - Suen, J C AU - Hatheway, CL Y1 - 2000/12/31/ PY - 2000 DA - 2000 Dec 31 KW - CPI, Conference Papers Index KW - U 2000:BIOLOGY GENERAL UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/40926203?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Acpi&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=conference&rft.jtitle=&rft.atitle=Use+of+DNA+relatedness+to+study+taxonomic+relationships+among+Clostridium+botulinum+type+G+and+similar+clostridial+species&rft.au=Suen%2C+J+C%3BHatheway%2C+CL&rft.aulast=Suen&rft.aufirst=J&rft.date=2000-12-31&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - SuppNotes - Availability: American Society for Microbiology, 1913 I Street, N.W., Washington, DC 20006 (USA), Poster Paper No. R21 N1 - Last updated - 2010-05-03 ER - TY - CPAPER T1 - Detection of antibodies against Borrelia burgdorferi by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay and immunoblot analysis AN - 40925701; 1323446 AU - Russell, H AU - Wilkinson, H W AU - Tharpe, JA Y1 - 2000/12/31/ PY - 2000 DA - 2000 Dec 31 KW - CPI, Conference Papers Index KW - U 2000:BIOLOGY GENERAL UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/40925701?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Acpi&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=conference&rft.jtitle=&rft.atitle=Detection+of+antibodies+against+Borrelia+burgdorferi+by+enzyme-linked+immunosorbent+assay+and+immunoblot+analysis&rft.au=Russell%2C+H%3BWilkinson%2C+H+W%3BTharpe%2C+JA&rft.aulast=Russell&rft.aufirst=H&rft.date=2000-12-31&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - SuppNotes - Availability: American Society for Microbiology, 1913 I Street, N.W., Washington, DC 20006 (USA), Poster Paper No. K233 N1 - Last updated - 2010-05-03 ER - TY - CPAPER T1 - Cluster of Klebsiella oxytoca intravascular infections in an intensive care unit AN - 40925552; 1319680 AU - Murphy, J J AU - O'Leary, M C AU - Benson, A AU - Martone, W J AU - Davis, B J Y1 - 2000/12/31/ PY - 2000 DA - 2000 Dec 31 KW - CPI, Conference Papers Index KW - U 2000:BIOLOGY GENERAL UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/40925552?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Acpi&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=conference&rft.jtitle=&rft.atitle=Cluster+of+Klebsiella+oxytoca+intravascular+infections+in+an+intensive+care+unit&rft.au=Murphy%2C+J+J%3BO%27Leary%2C+M+C%3BBenson%2C+A%3BMartone%2C+W+J%3BDavis%2C+B+J&rft.aulast=Murphy&rft.aufirst=J&rft.date=2000-12-31&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - SuppNotes - Availability: American Society for Microbiology, 1913 I Street, N.W., Washington, DC 20006 (USA), Abstract No. L30 N1 - Last updated - 2010-05-03 ER - TY - CPAPER T1 - Lectin characterization of pathogenic treponemes AN - 40923301; 1323119 AU - Schalla, W O AU - Hunter, E F AU - George, R W AU - Larsen, SA Y1 - 2000/12/31/ PY - 2000 DA - 2000 Dec 31 KW - CPI, Conference Papers Index KW - U 2000:BIOLOGY GENERAL UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/40923301?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Acpi&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=conference&rft.jtitle=&rft.atitle=Lectin+characterization+of+pathogenic+treponemes&rft.au=Schalla%2C+W+O%3BHunter%2C+E+F%3BGeorge%2C+R+W%3BLarsen%2C+SA&rft.aulast=Schalla&rft.aufirst=W&rft.date=2000-12-31&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - SuppNotes - Availability: American Society for Microbiology, 1913 I Street, N.W., Washington, DC 20006 (USA), Poster Paper No. C415 N1 - Last updated - 2010-05-03 ER - TY - CPAPER T1 - Phenotypic characteristics of Anaerobiospirillum isolates from patients with bacteremia AN - 40922746; 1321103 AU - Kalish, M L AU - Dowell, VR Jr AU - Lombard, G L AU - Bartley, S L Y1 - 2000/12/31/ PY - 2000 DA - 2000 Dec 31 KW - CPI, Conference Papers Index KW - U 2000:BIOLOGY GENERAL UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/40922746?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Acpi&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=conference&rft.jtitle=&rft.atitle=Phenotypic+characteristics+of+Anaerobiospirillum+isolates+from+patients+with+bacteremia&rft.au=Kalish%2C+M+L%3BDowell%2C+VR+Jr%3BLombard%2C+G+L%3BBartley%2C+S+L&rft.aulast=Kalish&rft.aufirst=M&rft.date=2000-12-31&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - SuppNotes - Availability: American Society for Microbiology, 1913 I Street, N.W., Washington, DC 20006 (USA), Poster Paper No. C331 N1 - Last updated - 2010-05-03 ER - TY - CPAPER T1 - Modified phosphocellulose binding assay for aminoglycoside-modifying enzymes AN - 40920189; 1323199 AU - Cooksey, R AU - Metchock, B AU - Thornsberry, C Y1 - 2000/12/31/ PY - 2000 DA - 2000 Dec 31 KW - CPI, Conference Papers Index KW - U 2000:BIOLOGY GENERAL UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/40920189?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Acpi&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=conference&rft.jtitle=&rft.atitle=Modified+phosphocellulose+binding+assay+for+aminoglycoside-modifying+enzymes&rft.au=Cooksey%2C+R%3BMetchock%2C+B%3BThornsberry%2C+C&rft.aulast=Cooksey&rft.aufirst=R&rft.date=2000-12-31&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - SuppNotes - Availability: American Society for Microbiology, 1913 I Street, N.W., Washington, DC 20006 (USA), Poster Paper No. A118 N1 - Last updated - 2010-05-03 ER - TY - CPAPER T1 - Use of C sub(8) reverse-phase columns for improved electron capture-gas-liquid chromatography analysis of acids from Mycobacterium) species in body fluids AN - 40914483; 1322975 AU - Daneshvar, MI AU - Brooks, J B Y1 - 2000/12/31/ PY - 2000 DA - 2000 Dec 31 KW - CPI, Conference Papers Index KW - U 2000:BIOLOGY GENERAL UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/40914483?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Acpi&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=conference&rft.jtitle=&rft.atitle=Occupationally+acquired+human+immunodeficiency+virus+infections+in+health+care+workers&rft.au=Ciesielski%2C+C%3BMetler%2C+R%3BHammett%2C+T%3BFleming%2C+P%3BWard%2C+J&rft.aulast=Ciesielski&rft.aufirst=C&rft.date=2000-12-31&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - SuppNotes - Availability: American Society for Microbiology, 1913 I Street, N.W., Washington, DC 20006 (USA), Poster Paper No. C393 N1 - Last updated - 2010-05-03 ER - TY - CPAPER T1 - Typing of Listeria monocytogenes by isoenzyme analysis AN - 40914417; 1322956 AU - Bibb, W F AU - Kuffner, T A AU - Weaver, R E Y1 - 2000/12/31/ PY - 2000 DA - 2000 Dec 31 KW - CPI, Conference Papers Index KW - U 2000:BIOLOGY GENERAL UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/40914417?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Acpi&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=conference&rft.jtitle=&rft.atitle=Typing+of+Listeria+monocytogenes+by+isoenzyme+analysis&rft.au=Bibb%2C+W+F%3BKuffner%2C+T+A%3BWeaver%2C+R+E&rft.aulast=Bibb&rft.aufirst=W&rft.date=2000-12-31&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - SuppNotes - Availability: American Society for Microbiology, 1913 I Street, N.W., Washington, DC 20006 (USA), Poster Paper No. C390 N1 - Last updated - 2010-05-03 ER - TY - CPAPER T1 - Comparative pharmacokinetics, efficacy, and tissue penetration of 6'-propyl spectinomycin (U-63,336F), tetracycline, and penicillin G in the chambered rabbit syphilis model AN - 40911150; 1320128 AU - Thompson, SE AU - Rice, R J AU - Arko, R J AU - Jeanlouis, Y AU - Hunter, E F AU - Burleigh, P Y1 - 2000/12/31/ PY - 2000 DA - 2000 Dec 31 KW - CPI, Conference Papers Index KW - U 2000:BIOLOGY GENERAL UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/40911150?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Acpi&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=conference&rft.jtitle=&rft.atitle=Comparative+pharmacokinetics%2C+efficacy%2C+and+tissue+penetration+of+6%27-propyl+spectinomycin+%28U-63%2C336F%29%2C+tetracycline%2C+and+penicillin+G+in+the+chambered+rabbit+syphilis+model&rft.au=Thompson%2C+SE%3BRice%2C+R+J%3BArko%2C+R+J%3BJeanlouis%2C+Y%3BHunter%2C+E+F%3BBurleigh%2C+P&rft.aulast=Thompson&rft.aufirst=SE&rft.date=2000-12-31&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - SuppNotes - Availability: American Society for Microbiology, 1913 I Street, N.W., Washington, DC 20006 (USA), Poster Paper No. B144 N1 - Last updated - 2010-05-03 ER - TY - CPAPER T1 - Meningococcal polysaccharide A vaccine: Evidence of age-specific differences in the duration of clinical protection following vaccination AN - 40857684; 1108089 AU - Reingold, AL AU - Broome, C V AU - Hightower, A W AU - Ajello, G W AU - Bolan, G A AU - Adamsbaum, C Y1 - 2000/12/31/ PY - 2000 DA - 2000 Dec 31 KW - CPI, Conference Papers Index KW - U 2000:BIOLOGY GENERAL UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/40857684?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Acpi&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=conference&rft.jtitle=&rft.atitle=Meningococcal+polysaccharide+A+vaccine%3A+Evidence+of+age-specific+differences+in+the+duration+of+clinical+protection+following+vaccination&rft.au=Reingold%2C+AL%3BBroome%2C+C+V%3BHightower%2C+A+W%3BAjello%2C+G+W%3BBolan%2C+G+A%3BAdamsbaum%2C+C&rft.aulast=Reingold&rft.aufirst=AL&rft.date=2000-12-31&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - SuppNotes - Availability: American Society for Microbiology, Publications Department, 1913 I Street, N.W., Washington, DC 20006 (USA) N1 - Last updated - 2010-05-03 ER - TY - CPAPER T1 - Acute Chlamydia trachomatis infection in childhood: Serologic evidence AN - 40856896; 1106686 AU - Harrison, H R AU - Magder, L S AU - Boyce, W T AU - Becker, T M AU - Hauler, J Y1 - 2000/12/31/ PY - 2000 DA - 2000 Dec 31 KW - CPI, Conference Papers Index KW - U 2000:BIOLOGY GENERAL UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/40856896?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Acpi&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=conference&rft.jtitle=&rft.atitle=Acute+Chlamydia+trachomatis+infection+in+childhood%3A+Serologic+evidence&rft.au=Harrison%2C+H+R%3BMagder%2C+L+S%3BBoyce%2C+W+T%3BBecker%2C+T+M%3BHauler%2C+J&rft.aulast=Harrison&rft.aufirst=H&rft.date=2000-12-31&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - SuppNotes - Availability: American Society for Microbiology, Publications Department, 1913 I Street, N.W., Washington, DC 20006 (USA), Poster Paper No. 393 N1 - Last updated - 2010-05-03 ER - TY - CPAPER T1 - Day care attendance as a risk factor for acquisition of childhood upper respiratory illnesses AN - 40855857; 1108764 AU - Fleming, D W AU - Cochi, S L AU - Hightower, A W AU - Broome, C V Y1 - 2000/12/31/ PY - 2000 DA - 2000 Dec 31 KW - CPI, Conference Papers Index KW - U 2000:BIOLOGY GENERAL UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/40855857?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Acpi&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=conference&rft.jtitle=&rft.atitle=Day+care+attendance+as+a+risk+factor+for+acquisition+of+childhood+upper+respiratory+illnesses&rft.au=Fleming%2C+D+W%3BCochi%2C+S+L%3BHightower%2C+A+W%3BBroome%2C+C+V&rft.aulast=Fleming&rft.aufirst=D&rft.date=2000-12-31&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - SuppNotes - Availability: American Society for Microbiology, Publications Department, 1913 I Street, N.W., Washington, DC 20006 (USA) N1 - Last updated - 2010-05-03 ER - TY - CPAPER T1 - Evaluation of low levels of measles antibody: Implications for measles elimination AN - 40855237; 1108104 AU - Orenstein, WA AU - Albrecht, P AU - Herrmann, K L AU - Holmgreen, P AU - Bernier, R AU - Bart, K J Y1 - 2000/12/31/ PY - 2000 DA - 2000 Dec 31 KW - CPI, Conference Papers Index KW - U 2000:BIOLOGY GENERAL UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/40855237?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Acpi&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=conference&rft.jtitle=&rft.atitle=Evaluation+of+low+levels+of+measles+antibody%3A+Implications+for+measles+elimination&rft.au=Orenstein%2C+WA%3BAlbrecht%2C+P%3BHerrmann%2C+K+L%3BHolmgreen%2C+P%3BBernier%2C+R%3BBart%2C+K+J&rft.aulast=Orenstein&rft.aufirst=WA&rft.date=2000-12-31&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - SuppNotes - Availability: American Society for Microbiology, Publications Department, 1913 I Street, N.W., Washington, DC 20006 (USA) N1 - Last updated - 2010-05-03 ER - TY - CPAPER T1 - Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay for human parvovirus B-19 antibody and antigen AN - 40853717; 1109985 AU - Anderson, L J AU - Tsou, C AU - Wulff, H AU - Chorba, T Y1 - 2000/12/31/ PY - 2000 DA - 2000 Dec 31 KW - CPI, Conference Papers Index KW - U 2000:BIOLOGY GENERAL UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/40853717?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Acpi&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=conference&rft.jtitle=&rft.atitle=Enzyme-linked+immunosorbent+assay+for+human+parvovirus+B-19+antibody+and+antigen&rft.au=Anderson%2C+L+J%3BTsou%2C+C%3BWulff%2C+H%3BChorba%2C+T&rft.aulast=Anderson&rft.aufirst=L&rft.date=2000-12-31&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - SuppNotes - Availability: American Society for Microbiology, Publications Department, 1913 I Street, N.W., Washington, DC 20006 (USA) N1 - Last updated - 2010-05-03 ER - TY - CPAPER T1 - Cluster of Kawasaki syndrome cases in Harris County, Texas AN - 40853484; 1106662 AU - Rauch, A M AU - Hurwitz, E S AU - Schonberger, L B AU - Nihill, M AU - Kaplan, S L AU - Seavy, DE Y1 - 2000/12/31/ PY - 2000 DA - 2000 Dec 31 KW - CPI, Conference Papers Index KW - U 2000:BIOLOGY GENERAL UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/40853484?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Acpi&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=conference&rft.jtitle=&rft.atitle=Cluster+of+Kawasaki+syndrome+cases+in+Harris+County%2C+Texas&rft.au=Rauch%2C+A+M%3BHurwitz%2C+E+S%3BSchonberger%2C+L+B%3BNihill%2C+M%3BKaplan%2C+S+L%3BSeavy%2C+DE&rft.aulast=Rauch&rft.aufirst=A&rft.date=2000-12-31&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - SuppNotes - Availability: American Society for Microbiology, Publications Department, 1913 I Street, N.W., Washington, DC 20006 (USA), Poster Paper No. 388 N1 - Last updated - 2010-05-03 ER - TY - CPAPER T1 - Outbreak of tuberculosis in Delaware AN - 40852813; 1110512 AU - Gross, T AU - Bloch, A AU - Rogers, G AU - Silverman, P AU - Smith, T AU - Israel, E Y1 - 2000/12/31/ PY - 2000 DA - 2000 Dec 31 KW - CPI, Conference Papers Index KW - U 2000:BIOLOGY GENERAL UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/40852813?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Acpi&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=conference&rft.jtitle=&rft.atitle=Outbreak+of+tuberculosis+in+Delaware&rft.au=Gross%2C+T%3BBloch%2C+A%3BRogers%2C+G%3BSilverman%2C+P%3BSmith%2C+T%3BIsrael%2C+E&rft.aulast=Gross&rft.aufirst=T&rft.date=2000-12-31&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - SuppNotes - Availability: American Society for Microbiology, Publications Department, 1913 I Street, N.W., Washington, DC 20006 (USA), Poster Paper No. 1040 N1 - Last updated - 2010-05-03 ER - TY - CPAPER T1 - Viridans streptococcal meningitis after myelography AN - 40852313; 1109896 AU - Safranek, T AU - Solomon, S AU - Facklam, R AU - Martone, W Y1 - 2000/12/31/ PY - 2000 DA - 2000 Dec 31 KW - CPI, Conference Papers Index KW - U 2000:BIOLOGY GENERAL UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/40852313?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Acpi&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=conference&rft.jtitle=&rft.atitle=Viridans+streptococcal+meningitis+after+myelography&rft.au=Safranek%2C+T%3BSolomon%2C+S%3BFacklam%2C+R%3BMartone%2C+W&rft.aulast=Safranek&rft.aufirst=T&rft.date=2000-12-31&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - SuppNotes - Availability: American Society for Microbiology, Publications Department, 1913 I Street, N.W., Washington, DC 20006 (USA) N1 - Last updated - 2010-05-03 ER - TY - CPAPER T1 - Evaluation of methods used to characterize beta -lactamases AN - 40851699; 1108921 AU - Gay, E AU - Cooksey, R AU - Thornsberry, C Y1 - 2000/12/31/ PY - 2000 DA - 2000 Dec 31 KW - CPI, Conference Papers Index KW - U 2000:BIOLOGY GENERAL UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/40851699?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Acpi&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=conference&rft.jtitle=&rft.atitle=Evaluation+of+methods+used+to+characterize+beta+-lactamases&rft.au=Gay%2C+E%3BCooksey%2C+R%3BThornsberry%2C+C&rft.aulast=Gay&rft.aufirst=E&rft.date=2000-12-31&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - SuppNotes - Availability: American Society for Microbiology, Publications Department, 1913 I Street, N.W., Washington, DC 20006 (USA) N1 - Last updated - 2010-05-03 ER - TY - CPAPER T1 - Secular trends in the incidence of nosocomial Candida albicans infections in the United States, 1980 to 1984 AN - 40850885; 1107033 AU - Jarvis, W AU - Olson, D AU - Culver, D AU - Hughes, J Y1 - 2000/12/31/ PY - 2000 DA - 2000 Dec 31 KW - CPI, Conference Papers Index KW - U 2000:BIOLOGY GENERAL UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/40850885?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Acpi&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=conference&rft.jtitle=&rft.atitle=Secular+trends+in+the+incidence+of+nosocomial+Candida+albicans+infections+in+the+United+States%2C+1980+to+1984&rft.au=Jarvis%2C+W%3BOlson%2C+D%3BCulver%2C+D%3BHughes%2C+J&rft.aulast=Jarvis&rft.aufirst=W&rft.date=2000-12-31&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - SuppNotes - Availability: American Society for Microbiology, Publications Department, 1913 I Street, N.W., Washington, DC 20006 (USA) N1 - Last updated - 2010-05-03 ER - TY - CPAPER T1 - HTLV-III/LAV viremia in homosexual males with generalized lymphadenopathy AN - 40850314; 1105653 AU - Kaplan, JE AU - Spira, T J AU - Feorino, P M AU - Warfield, D T AU - Fishbein, D B Y1 - 2000/12/31/ PY - 2000 DA - 2000 Dec 31 KW - CPI, Conference Papers Index KW - U 2000:BIOLOGY GENERAL UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/40850314?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Acpi&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=conference&rft.jtitle=&rft.atitle=HTLV-III%2FLAV+viremia+in+homosexual+males+with+generalized+lymphadenopathy&rft.au=Kaplan%2C+JE%3BSpira%2C+T+J%3BFeorino%2C+P+M%3BWarfield%2C+D+T%3BFishbein%2C+D+B&rft.aulast=Kaplan&rft.aufirst=JE&rft.date=2000-12-31&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - SuppNotes - Availability: American Society for Microbiology, Publications Department, 1913 I Street, N.W., Washington, DC 20006 (USA) N1 - Last updated - 2010-05-03 ER - TY - CPAPER T1 - Association of respiratory syncytial virus isolations with infant bronchiolitis pneumonia mortality in the United States AN - 40848928; 1110516 AU - Strikas, R A AU - Parker, R A AU - Anderson, L J Y1 - 2000/12/31/ PY - 2000 DA - 2000 Dec 31 KW - CPI, Conference Papers Index KW - U 2000:BIOLOGY GENERAL UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/40848928?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Acpi&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=conference&rft.jtitle=&rft.atitle=Association+of+respiratory+syncytial+virus+isolations+with+infant+bronchiolitis+pneumonia+mortality+in+the+United+States&rft.au=Strikas%2C+R+A%3BParker%2C+R+A%3BAnderson%2C+L+J&rft.aulast=Strikas&rft.aufirst=R&rft.date=2000-12-31&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - SuppNotes - Availability: American Society for Microbiology, Publications Department, 1913 I Street, N.W., Washington, DC 20006 (USA), Poster Paper No. 1041 N1 - Last updated - 2010-05-03 ER - TY - CPAPER T1 - Acquired immune deficiency syndrome trends in the United States: Analysis of the first 10,000 cases AN - 40845864; 1105674 AU - Hardy, A M AU - Selik, R M AU - Starcher, E T AU - Morgan, WM AU - Allen, J R Y1 - 2000/12/31/ PY - 2000 DA - 2000 Dec 31 KW - CPI, Conference Papers Index KW - U 2000:BIOLOGY GENERAL UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/40845864?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Acpi&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=conference&rft.jtitle=&rft.atitle=Acquired+immune+deficiency+syndrome+trends+in+the+United+States%3A+Analysis+of+the+first+10%2C000+cases&rft.au=Hardy%2C+A+M%3BSelik%2C+R+M%3BStarcher%2C+E+T%3BMorgan%2C+WM%3BAllen%2C+J+R&rft.aulast=Hardy&rft.aufirst=A&rft.date=2000-12-31&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - SuppNotes - Availability: American Society for Microbiology, Publications Department, 1913 I Street, N.W., Washington, DC 20006 (USA) N1 - Last updated - 2010-05-03 ER - TY - CPAPER T1 - HTLV-III antibody screening in a blood bank: Test significance and donor investigation AN - 40844624; 1105678 AU - Ward, J AU - Grindon, A AU - Feorino, P AU - Schable, C AU - Allen, J Y1 - 2000/12/31/ PY - 2000 DA - 2000 Dec 31 KW - CPI, Conference Papers Index KW - U 2000:BIOLOGY GENERAL UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/40844624?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Acpi&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=conference&rft.jtitle=&rft.atitle=Comparison+of+six+strains+of+Hantaan-like+virus&rft.au=Elliott%2C+L+H%3BSanchez%2C+A%3BMcCormick%2C+J&rft.aulast=Elliott&rft.aufirst=L&rft.date=2000-12-31&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - SuppNotes - Availability: American Society for Microbiology, Publications Department, 1913 I Street, N.W., Washington, DC 20006 (USA) N1 - Last updated - 2010-05-03 ER - TY - CPAPER T1 - Chemically induced birth defects AN - 40777680; 0935624 AU - Oakley, GP Jr Y1 - 2000/12/31/ PY - 2000 DA - 2000 Dec 31 KW - CPI, Conference Papers Index KW - U 3500:CLINICAL MEDICINE UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/40777680?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Acpi&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=conference&rft.jtitle=&rft.atitle=Chemically+induced+birth+defects&rft.au=Oakley%2C+GP+Jr&rft.aulast=Oakley&rft.aufirst=GP&rft.date=2000-12-31&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - SuppNotes - Availability: American Academy of Pediatrics, Box 1034, 1801 Hinman Ave., Evanston, IL 60204 (USA) N1 - Last updated - 2010-05-03 ER - TY - CPAPER T1 - Public health menance posed by opportunistic fungi: Magnitude of the problem and prevention strategies AN - 40777359; 0935451 AU - Ajello, L Y1 - 2000/12/31/ PY - 2000 DA - 2000 Dec 31 KW - CPI, Conference Papers Index KW - U 3500:CLINICAL MEDICINE UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/40777359?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Acpi&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=conference&rft.jtitle=&rft.atitle=Public+health+menance+posed+by+opportunistic+fungi%3A+Magnitude+of+the+problem+and+prevention+strategies&rft.au=Ajello%2C+L&rft.aulast=Ajello&rft.aufirst=L&rft.date=2000-12-31&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - SuppNotes - Availability: Prevention '85, 1015 15th Street, NW, Suite 403, Washington, DC 20005 (USA) N1 - Last updated - 2010-05-03 ER - TY - CPAPER T1 - Interpreting risks to the public AN - 40775148; 0935309 AU - Mason, JO Y1 - 2000/12/31/ PY - 2000 DA - 2000 Dec 31 KW - CPI, Conference Papers Index KW - U 3500:CLINICAL MEDICINE UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/40775148?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Acpi&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=conference&rft.jtitle=&rft.atitle=Interpreting+risks+to+the+public&rft.au=Mason%2C+JO&rft.aulast=Mason&rft.aufirst=JO&rft.date=2000-12-31&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - SuppNotes - Availability: Prevention '85, 1015 15th Street, NW, Suite 403, Washington, DC 20005 (USA) N1 - Last updated - 2010-05-03 ER - TY - CPAPER T1 - CDC update: Environmental public health injury prevention: Carter Center initiative and CDC activities AN - 40773432; 0935228 AU - Smith, G Y1 - 2000/12/31/ PY - 2000 DA - 2000 Dec 31 KW - CPI, Conference Papers Index KW - U 3500:CLINICAL MEDICINE UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/40773432?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Acpi&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=conference&rft.jtitle=&rft.atitle=CDC+update%3A+Environmental+public+health+injury+prevention%3A+Carter+Center+initiative+and+CDC+activities&rft.au=Smith%2C+G&rft.aulast=Smith&rft.aufirst=G&rft.date=2000-12-31&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - SuppNotes - Availability: Prevention '85, 1015 15th Street, NW, Suite 403, Washington, DC 20005 (USA) N1 - Last updated - 2010-05-03 ER - TY - CPAPER T1 - Giardiasis and cryptosporidiosis AN - 40772899; 0935456 AU - Healy, G R Y1 - 2000/12/31/ PY - 2000 DA - 2000 Dec 31 KW - CPI, Conference Papers Index KW - U 3500:CLINICAL MEDICINE UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/40772899?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Acpi&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=conference&rft.jtitle=&rft.atitle=Epidemic+of+dengue+4+virus+in+Yap+State%2C+Federated+States+of+Micronesia%2C+and+implication+of+Aedes+hensilli+as+an+epidemic+vector&rft.au=Savage%2C+H+M%3BFritz%2C+CL%3BRutstein%2C+D%3BYolwa%2C+A%3BVorndam%2C+V%3BGubler%2C+D+J&rft.aulast=Savage&rft.aufirst=H&rft.date=2000-12-31&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - SuppNotes - Availability: Prevention '85, 1015 15th Street, NW, Suite 403, Washington, DC 20005 (USA) N1 - Last updated - 2010-05-03 ER - TY - CPAPER T1 - Livestock connection: Drug resistant Salmonella from animals fed antimicrobials AN - 40771164; 0935455 AU - Holmberg, S D Y1 - 2000/12/31/ PY - 2000 DA - 2000 Dec 31 KW - CPI, Conference Papers Index KW - U 3500:CLINICAL MEDICINE UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/40771164?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Acpi&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=conference&rft.jtitle=&rft.atitle=Livestock+connection%3A+Drug+resistant+Salmonella+from+animals+fed+antimicrobials&rft.au=Holmberg%2C+S+D&rft.aulast=Holmberg&rft.aufirst=S&rft.date=2000-12-31&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - SuppNotes - Availability: Prevention '85, 1015 15th Street, NW, Suite 403, Washington, DC 20005 (USA) N1 - Last updated - 2010-05-03 ER - TY - CPAPER T1 - Comparison of outer membrane protein and biochemical profiles of Haemophilus aegyptius and Haemophilus influenzae biotype III AN - 40722836; 0850802 AU - Sottnek, F O AU - Carlone, G M AU - Bosley, G S AU - Weaver, R E Y1 - 2000/12/31/ PY - 2000 DA - 2000 Dec 31 KW - CPI, Conference Papers Index KW - U 2000:BIOLOGY GENERAL UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/40722836?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Acpi&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=conference&rft.jtitle=&rft.atitle=Comparison+of+outer+membrane+protein+and+biochemical+profiles+of+Haemophilus+aegyptius+and+Haemophilus+influenzae+biotype+III&rft.au=Sottnek%2C+F+O%3BCarlone%2C+G+M%3BBosley%2C+G+S%3BWeaver%2C+R+E&rft.aulast=Sottnek&rft.aufirst=F&rft.date=2000-12-31&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - SuppNotes - Availability: 1985, Abstracts available: American Society for Microbiology, Publication Department,1913 I St. NW, Washington, DC 20006, USA, Paper No. R 28 N1 - Last updated - 2010-05-03 ER - TY - CPAPER T1 - Cellular fatty acid composition and isoprenoid quinone content of Corynebacterium species and Corynebacterium -like groups AN - 40722648; 0850624 AU - Moss, C W AU - Dees, S B AU - Hollis, D G AU - Carlone, G M Y1 - 2000/12/31/ PY - 2000 DA - 2000 Dec 31 KW - CPI, Conference Papers Index KW - U 2000:BIOLOGY GENERAL UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/40722648?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Acpi&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=conference&rft.jtitle=&rft.atitle=Cellular+fatty+acid+composition+and+isoprenoid+quinone+content+of+Corynebacterium+species+and+Corynebacterium+-like+groups&rft.au=Moss%2C+C+W%3BDees%2C+S+B%3BHollis%2C+D+G%3BCarlone%2C+G+M&rft.aulast=Moss&rft.aufirst=C&rft.date=2000-12-31&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - SuppNotes - Availability: 1985, Abstracts available: American Society for Microbiology, Publication Department,1913 I St. NW, Washington, DC 20006, USA, Paper No. Q 139 N1 - Last updated - 2010-05-03 ER - TY - CPAPER T1 - Comparison of six strains of Hantaan-like virus AN - 40721334; 0850478 AU - Elliott, L H AU - Sanchez, A AU - McCormick, J Y1 - 2000/12/31/ PY - 2000 DA - 2000 Dec 31 KW - CPI, Conference Papers Index KW - U 2000:BIOLOGY GENERAL UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/40721334?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Acpi&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=conference&rft.jtitle=&rft.atitle=Comparison+of+six+strains+of+Hantaan-like+virus&rft.au=Elliott%2C+L+H%3BSanchez%2C+A%3BMcCormick%2C+J&rft.aulast=Elliott&rft.aufirst=L&rft.date=2000-12-31&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - SuppNotes - Availability: 1985, Abstracts available: American Society for Microbiology, Publication Department,1913 I St. NW, Washington, DC 20006, USA, Paper No. T 60 N1 - Last updated - 2010-05-03 ER - TY - CPAPER T1 - Tetrahymena pyriformis coculture system for determining virulence of Legionella species AN - 40717205; 0849985 AU - Fields, B S AU - Barbaree, J M AU - Feeley, J C AU - Shott, E B AU - Morrill, W E Y1 - 2000/12/31/ PY - 2000 DA - 2000 Dec 31 KW - CPI, Conference Papers Index KW - U 2000:BIOLOGY GENERAL UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/40717205?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Acpi&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=conference&rft.jtitle=&rft.atitle=Tetrahymena+pyriformis+coculture+system+for+determining+virulence+of+Legionella+species&rft.au=Fields%2C+B+S%3BBarbaree%2C+J+M%3BFeeley%2C+J+C%3BShott%2C+E+B%3BMorrill%2C+W+E&rft.aulast=Fields&rft.aufirst=B&rft.date=2000-12-31&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - SuppNotes - Availability: 1985, Abstracts available: American Society for Microbiology, Publication Department,1913 I St. NW, Washington, DC 20006, USA, Paper No. B 203 N1 - Last updated - 2010-05-03 ER - TY - CPAPER T1 - Preliminary evaluation of a new rapid plasma reagin test for the detection of treponemal antibodies AN - 40717191; 0840991 AU - Hambie, E A AU - Craig, B T Y1 - 2000/12/31/ PY - 2000 DA - 2000 Dec 31 KW - CPI, Conference Papers Index KW - U 2000:BIOLOGY GENERAL UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/40717191?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Acpi&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=conference&rft.jtitle=&rft.atitle=Preliminary+evaluation+of+a+new+rapid+plasma+reagin+test+for+the+detection+of+treponemal+antibodies&rft.au=Hambie%2C+E+A%3BCraig%2C+B+T&rft.aulast=Hambie&rft.aufirst=E&rft.date=2000-12-31&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - SuppNotes - Availability: 1985, Abstracts available: American Society for Microbiology, Publication Department,1913 I St. NW, Washington, DC 20006, USA, Paper No. C 26 N1 - Last updated - 2010-05-03 ER - TY - CPAPER T1 - New methods for characterization and identification of Campylobacter species AN - 40716602; 0844930 AU - Lombard, G L AU - Kodaka, H AU - Yoshikawa, I S AU - Dowell, VR Jr Y1 - 2000/12/31/ PY - 2000 DA - 2000 Dec 31 KW - CPI, Conference Papers Index KW - U 2000:BIOLOGY GENERAL UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/40716602?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Acpi&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=conference&rft.jtitle=&rft.atitle=New+methods+for+characterization+and+identification+of+Campylobacter+species&rft.au=Lombard%2C+G+L%3BKodaka%2C+H%3BYoshikawa%2C+I+S%3BDowell%2C+VR+Jr&rft.aulast=Lombard&rft.aufirst=G&rft.date=2000-12-31&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - SuppNotes - Availability: 1985, Abstracts available: American Society for Microbiology, Publication Department,1913 I St. NW, Washington, DC 20006, USA, Paper No. C 125 N1 - Last updated - 2010-05-03 ER - TY - CPAPER T1 - Characteristics of Clostridium difficile isolates for patients with gastrointestinal disease AN - 40716342; 0845591 AU - Bartley, S L AU - Dowell, VR Jr Y1 - 2000/12/31/ PY - 2000 DA - 2000 Dec 31 KW - CPI, Conference Papers Index KW - U 2000:BIOLOGY GENERAL UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/40716342?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Acpi&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=conference&rft.jtitle=&rft.atitle=Characteristics+of+Clostridium+difficile+isolates+for+patients+with+gastrointestinal+disease&rft.au=Bartley%2C+S+L%3BDowell%2C+VR+Jr&rft.aulast=Bartley&rft.aufirst=S&rft.date=2000-12-31&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - SuppNotes - Availability: 1985, Abstracts available: American Society for Microbiology, Publication Department,1913 I St. NW, Washington, DC 20006, USA, Paper No. C 148 N1 - Last updated - 2010-05-03 ER - TY - CPAPER T1 - Differentiation between various strains of toxigenic Escherichia coli by frequency-pulsed electron capture gas-liquid chromatography AN - 40716339; 0844697 AU - Brooks, J B AU - Bozeman, L H AU - Basta, M T Y1 - 2000/12/31/ PY - 2000 DA - 2000 Dec 31 KW - CPI, Conference Papers Index KW - U 2000:BIOLOGY GENERAL UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/40716339?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Acpi&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=conference&rft.jtitle=&rft.atitle=Differentiation+between+various+strains+of+toxigenic+Escherichia+coli+by+frequency-pulsed+electron+capture+gas-liquid+chromatography&rft.au=Brooks%2C+J+B%3BBozeman%2C+L+H%3BBasta%2C+M+T&rft.aulast=Brooks&rft.aufirst=J&rft.date=2000-12-31&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - SuppNotes - Availability: 1985, Abstracts available: American Society for Microbiology, Publication Department,1913 I St. NW, Washington, DC 20006, USA, Paper No. D 32 N1 - Last updated - 2010-05-03 ER - TY - CPAPER T1 - Chemical germicides used by dialysis centers in the United States for processing reused hemodialyzers AN - 40714659; 0843839 AU - Favero AU - Bland, LA AU - Alter, MJ Y1 - 2000/12/31/ PY - 2000 DA - 2000 Dec 31 KW - CPI, Conference Papers Index KW - U 2000:BIOLOGY GENERAL UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/40714659?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Acpi&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=conference&rft.jtitle=&rft.atitle=Chemical+germicides+used+by+dialysis+centers+in+the+United+States+for+processing+reused+hemodialyzers&rft.au=Favero%3BBland%2C+LA%3BAlter%2C+MJ&rft.aulast=Favero&rft.aufirst=&rft.date=2000-12-31&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - SuppNotes - Availability: 1985, Abstracts available: American Society for Microbiology, Publication Department,1913 I St. NW, Washington, DC 20006, USA, Paper No. Q 42 N1 - Last updated - 2010-05-03 ER - TY - CPAPER T1 - Analysis of HTLV-III/LAV antibody reactivity and specificity in a cohort of homosexual men from San Francisco, California AN - 40714647; 0840870 AU - Getchell, J P AU - Kalyanaraman, V S AU - Francis, D P Y1 - 2000/12/31/ PY - 2000 DA - 2000 Dec 31 KW - CPI, Conference Papers Index KW - U 2000:BIOLOGY GENERAL UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/40714647?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Acpi&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=conference&rft.jtitle=&rft.atitle=Analysis+of+HTLV-III%2FLAV+antibody+reactivity+and+specificity+in+a+cohort+of+homosexual+men+from+San+Francisco%2C+California&rft.au=Getchell%2C+J+P%3BKalyanaraman%2C+V+S%3BFrancis%2C+D+P&rft.aulast=Getchell&rft.aufirst=J&rft.date=2000-12-31&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - SuppNotes - Availability: 1985, Abstracts available: American Society for Microbiology, Publication Department,1913 I St. NW, Washington, DC 20006, USA, Paper No. E 22 N1 - Last updated - 2010-05-03 ER - TY - CPAPER T1 - Comparative pharmacokinetics, tissue penetration, and therapeutic efficacy of moxalactam, cefotaxime, tetracycline, erythromycin, and penicillin in the chambered-rabbit syphilis model AN - 40713868; 0849561 AU - Rice, R J AU - Arko, R J AU - Thompson, SE AU - Hunter, E F AU - Burleigh, P M AU - Craig, B T Y1 - 2000/12/31/ PY - 2000 DA - 2000 Dec 31 KW - CPI, Conference Papers Index KW - U 2000:BIOLOGY GENERAL UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/40713868?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Acpi&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=conference&rft.jtitle=&rft.atitle=Comparative+pharmacokinetics%2C+tissue+penetration%2C+and+therapeutic+efficacy+of+moxalactam%2C+cefotaxime%2C+tetracycline%2C+erythromycin%2C+and+penicillin+in+the+chambered-rabbit+syphilis+model&rft.au=Rice%2C+R+J%3BArko%2C+R+J%3BThompson%2C+SE%3BHunter%2C+E+F%3BBurleigh%2C+P+M%3BCraig%2C+B+T&rft.aulast=Rice&rft.aufirst=R&rft.date=2000-12-31&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - SuppNotes - Availability: 1985, Abstracts available: American Society for Microbiology, Publication Department,1913 I St. NW, Washington, DC 20006, USA, Paper No. A 87 N1 - Last updated - 2010-05-03 ER - TY - CPAPER T1 - Antigenemia detection in rabbits infected with Candida albicans serotype AN - 40713429; 0844479 AU - Reiss, B E AU - Kuykendall, R J Y1 - 2000/12/31/ PY - 2000 DA - 2000 Dec 31 KW - CPI, Conference Papers Index KW - U 2000:BIOLOGY GENERAL UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/40713429?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Acpi&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=conference&rft.jtitle=&rft.atitle=Antigenemia+detection+in+rabbits+infected+with+Candida+albicans+serotype&rft.au=Reiss%2C+B+E%3BKuykendall%2C+R+J&rft.aulast=Reiss&rft.aufirst=B&rft.date=2000-12-31&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - SuppNotes - Availability: 1985, Abstracts available: American Society for Microbiology, Publication Department,1913 I St. NW, Washington, DC 20006, USA, Paper No. F 10 N1 - Last updated - 2010-05-03 ER - TY - CPAPER T1 - Vaccination of rhesus monkeys with gamma-inactivated Ebola virus and results of live-virus challenge in immune and naive animals AN - 40713182; 0848202 AU - Lange, J V AU - McCormick, J B AU - Walker, D H AU - Kiley, M P Y1 - 2000/12/31/ PY - 2000 DA - 2000 Dec 31 KW - CPI, Conference Papers Index KW - U 2000:BIOLOGY GENERAL UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/40713182?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Acpi&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=conference&rft.jtitle=&rft.atitle=Vaccination+of+rhesus+monkeys+with+gamma-inactivated+Ebola+virus+and+results+of+live-virus+challenge+in+immune+and+naive+animals&rft.au=Lange%2C+J+V%3BMcCormick%2C+J+B%3BWalker%2C+D+H%3BKiley%2C+M+P&rft.aulast=Lange&rft.aufirst=J&rft.date=2000-12-31&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - SuppNotes - Availability: 1985, Abstracts available: American Society for Microbiology, Publication Department,1913 I St. NW, Washington, DC 20006, USA, Paper No. T 34 N1 - Last updated - 2010-05-03 ER - TY - CPAPER T1 - Growth and environmental recovery of Ewingella americana AN - 40710477; 0845664 AU - Anderson, R L AU - McNeil, M M AU - Davis, B J AU - Solomon, S L AU - Mackel, D C Y1 - 2000/12/31/ PY - 2000 DA - 2000 Dec 31 KW - CPI, Conference Papers Index KW - U 2000:BIOLOGY GENERAL UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/40710477?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Acpi&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=conference&rft.jtitle=&rft.atitle=Growth+and+environmental+recovery+of+Ewingella+americana&rft.au=Anderson%2C+R+L%3BMcNeil%2C+M+M%3BDavis%2C+B+J%3BSolomon%2C+S+L%3BMackel%2C+D+C&rft.aulast=Anderson&rft.aufirst=R&rft.date=2000-12-31&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - SuppNotes - Availability: 1985, Abstracts available: American Society for Microbiology, Publication Department,1913 I St. NW, Washington, DC 20006, USA, Paper No. L 14 N1 - Last updated - 2010-05-03 ER - TY - CPAPER T1 - AutoSCAN-4 system for identification of gram-negative bacilli AN - 40709568; 0846163 AU - Smith, P B AU - Rhoden, D L AU - Baker, C N AU - Schable, BA Y1 - 2000/12/31/ PY - 2000 DA - 2000 Dec 31 KW - CPI, Conference Papers Index KW - U 2000:BIOLOGY GENERAL UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/40709568?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Acpi&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=conference&rft.jtitle=&rft.atitle=AutoSCAN-4+system+for+identification+of+gram-negative+bacilli&rft.au=Smith%2C+P+B%3BRhoden%2C+D+L%3BBaker%2C+C+N%3BSchable%2C+BA&rft.aulast=Smith&rft.aufirst=P&rft.date=2000-12-31&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - SuppNotes - Availability: 1985, Abstracts available: American Society for Microbiology, Publication Department,1913 I St. NW, Washington, DC 20006, USA, Paper No. C 197 N1 - Last updated - 2010-05-03 ER - TY - CPAPER T1 - Synergistic hemolysis between species of staphylococci AN - 40709408; 0845797 AU - Hebert, G A AU - Hancock, G A Y1 - 2000/12/31/ PY - 2000 DA - 2000 Dec 31 KW - CPI, Conference Papers Index KW - U 2000:BIOLOGY GENERAL UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/40709408?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Acpi&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=conference&rft.jtitle=&rft.atitle=Synergistic+hemolysis+between+species+of+staphylococci&rft.au=Hebert%2C+G+A%3BHancock%2C+G+A&rft.aulast=Hebert&rft.aufirst=G&rft.date=2000-12-31&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - SuppNotes - Availability: 1985, Abstracts available: American Society for Microbiology, Publication Department,1913 I St. NW, Washington, DC 20006, USA, Paper No. C 174 N1 - Last updated - 2010-05-03 ER - TY - CPAPER T1 - Diagnostic assessment of an enzyme immunoassay for blastomycosis AN - 40708716; 0848120 AU - Turner, S AU - Kaufman, L Y1 - 2000/12/31/ PY - 2000 DA - 2000 Dec 31 KW - CPI, Conference Papers Index KW - U 2000:BIOLOGY GENERAL UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/40708716?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Acpi&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=conference&rft.jtitle=&rft.atitle=Diagnostic+assessment+of+an+enzyme+immunoassay+for+blastomycosis&rft.au=Turner%2C+S%3BKaufman%2C+L&rft.aulast=Turner&rft.aufirst=S&rft.date=2000-12-31&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - SuppNotes - Availability: 1985, Abstracts available: American Society for Microbiology, Publication Department,1913 I St. NW, Washington, DC 20006, USA, Paper No. F 46 N1 - Last updated - 2010-05-03 ER - TY - CPAPER T1 - Resistance of organisms capable of producing inducible beta-lactamases to third-generation cephalosporins, 1982-1984 AN - 40708393; 0846413 AU - Hughes, J M AU - Olson AU - Jarvis, W R AU - Culver, D H AU - Thornsberry, C Y1 - 2000/12/31/ PY - 2000 DA - 2000 Dec 31 KW - CPI, Conference Papers Index KW - U 2000:BIOLOGY GENERAL UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/40708393?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Acpi&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=conference&rft.jtitle=&rft.atitle=Resistance+of+organisms+capable+of+producing+inducible+beta-lactamases+to+third-generation+cephalosporins%2C+1982-1984&rft.au=Hughes%2C+J+M%3BOlson%3BJarvis%2C+W+R%3BCulver%2C+D+H%3BThornsberry%2C+C&rft.aulast=Hughes&rft.aufirst=J&rft.date=2000-12-31&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - SuppNotes - Availability: 1985, Abstracts available: American Society for Microbiology, Publication Department,1913 I St. NW, Washington, DC 20006, USA, Paper No. L 43 N1 - Last updated - 2010-05-03 ER - TY - CPAPER T1 - Polysaccharide production by Neisseria gonorrhoeae under physiologic and atmospheric oxygen AN - 40707670; 0841995 AU - Kellogg, D S AU - Crawford, J AU - Chaney, T AU - Lewis, J Y1 - 2000/12/31/ PY - 2000 DA - 2000 Dec 31 KW - CPI, Conference Papers Index KW - U 2000:BIOLOGY GENERAL UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/40707670?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Acpi&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=conference&rft.jtitle=&rft.atitle=Polysaccharide+production+by+Neisseria+gonorrhoeae+under+physiologic+and+atmospheric+oxygen&rft.au=Kellogg%2C+D+S%3BCrawford%2C+J%3BChaney%2C+T%3BLewis%2C+J&rft.aulast=Kellogg&rft.aufirst=D&rft.date=2000-12-31&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - SuppNotes - Availability: 1985, Abstracts available: American Society for Microbiology, Publication Department,1913 I St. NW, Washington, DC 20006, USA, Paper No. D 27 N1 - Last updated - 2010-05-03 ER - TY - CPAPER T1 - Proteins and glycoproteins of Rickettsia prowazekii AN - 40704231; 0840859 AU - Tzianabos, T AU - Black, C M AU - Regnery, R L AU - Woods, T C Y1 - 2000/12/31/ PY - 2000 DA - 2000 Dec 31 KW - CPI, Conference Papers Index KW - U 2000:BIOLOGY GENERAL UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/40704231?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Acpi&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=conference&rft.jtitle=&rft.atitle=Proteins+and+glycoproteins+of+Rickettsia+prowazekii&rft.au=Tzianabos%2C+T%3BBlack%2C+C+M%3BRegnery%2C+R+L%3BWoods%2C+T+C&rft.aulast=Tzianabos&rft.aufirst=T&rft.date=2000-12-31&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - SuppNotes - Availability: 1985, Abstracts available: American Society for Microbiology, Publication Department,1913 I St. NW, Washington, DC 20006, USA, Paper No. E 19 N1 - Last updated - 2010-05-03 ER - TY - CPAPER T1 - Comparison of the Penner and Lior methods for serotyping Campylobacter AN - 40628522; 0622423 AU - Patton, C M AU - Barrett, T J AU - Morris, G K Y1 - 2000/12/31/ PY - 2000 DA - 2000 Dec 31 KW - CPI, Conference Papers Index KW - U 2000:BIOLOGY GENERAL UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/40628522?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Acpi&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=conference&rft.jtitle=&rft.atitle=Comparison+of+the+Penner+and+Lior+methods+for+serotyping+Campylobacter&rft.au=Patton%2C+C+M%3BBarrett%2C+T+J%3BMorris%2C+G+K&rft.aulast=Patton&rft.aufirst=C&rft.date=2000-12-31&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - SuppNotes - Availability: Abstracts available: American Society for Microbiology, Publications Department, 1913 I St. NW, Washington, DC 20006, USA, Paper No. C53 N1 - Last updated - 2010-05-03 ER - TY - CPAPER T1 - Laboratory surveillance using oligonucleotide mapping of viral RNA for identification of recombinant and nonrecombinant influenza H1N1 viruses, 1978-1984 AN - 40623025; 0622862 AU - Black, R AU - Cox, N J AU - Kendal Y1 - 2000/12/31/ PY - 2000 DA - 2000 Dec 31 KW - CPI, Conference Papers Index KW - U 2000:BIOLOGY GENERAL UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/40623025?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Acpi&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=conference&rft.jtitle=&rft.atitle=Laboratory+surveillance+using+oligonucleotide+mapping+of+viral+RNA+for+identification+of+recombinant+and+nonrecombinant+influenza+H1N1+viruses%2C+1978-1984&rft.au=Black%2C+R%3BCox%2C+N+J%3BKendal&rft.aulast=Black&rft.aufirst=R&rft.date=2000-12-31&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - SuppNotes - Availability: Abstracts available: American Society for Microbiology, Publications Department, 1913 I St. NW, Washington, DC 20006, USA, Paper No. T13 N1 - Last updated - 2010-05-03 ER - TY - CPAPER T1 - Evaluation of a latex agglutination test for the detection of C-reactive protein in sera from patients with sexually transmitted diseases AN - 40622925; 0628452 AU - Schalla, W O AU - Arko, R J AU - Thompson, SE Y1 - 2000/12/31/ PY - 2000 DA - 2000 Dec 31 KW - CPI, Conference Papers Index KW - U 2000:BIOLOGY GENERAL UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/40622925?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Acpi&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=conference&rft.jtitle=&rft.atitle=Evaluation+of+a+latex+agglutination+test+for+the+detection+of+C-reactive+protein+in+sera+from+patients+with+sexually+transmitted+diseases&rft.au=Schalla%2C+W+O%3BArko%2C+R+J%3BThompson%2C+SE&rft.aulast=Schalla&rft.aufirst=W&rft.date=2000-12-31&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - SuppNotes - Availability: Abstracts available: American Society for Microbiology, Publications Department, 1913 I St. NW, Washington, DC 20006, USA, Paper No. E31 N1 - Last updated - 2010-05-03 ER - TY - CPAPER T1 - Nosocomial Pseudomonas pickettii colonization in a special care nursery associated with a contaminated respiratory therapy solution AN - 40621635; 0629031 AU - McNeil, M M AU - Solomon, S L AU - Anderson, R L AU - Davis, B J AU - Spengler, R F AU - Reisberg, B E Y1 - 2000/12/31/ PY - 2000 DA - 2000 Dec 31 KW - CPI, Conference Papers Index KW - U 2000:BIOLOGY GENERAL UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/40621635?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Acpi&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=conference&rft.jtitle=&rft.atitle=Nosocomial+Pseudomonas+pickettii+colonization+in+a+special+care+nursery+associated+with+a+contaminated+respiratory+therapy+solution&rft.au=McNeil%2C+M+M%3BSolomon%2C+S+L%3BAnderson%2C+R+L%3BDavis%2C+B+J%3BSpengler%2C+R+F%3BReisberg%2C+B+E&rft.aulast=McNeil&rft.aufirst=M&rft.date=2000-12-31&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - SuppNotes - Availability: Abstracts available: American Society for Microbiology, Publications Department, 1913 I St. NW, Washington, DC 20006, USA, Paper No. L14 N1 - Last updated - 2010-05-03 ER - TY - CPAPER T1 - Characterization of monoclonal antibodies against histoplasmin antigens: effect of periodate oxidation AN - 40620360; 0627491 AU - Knowles, J B AU - Reiss, E AU - Aloisio, CH Y1 - 2000/12/31/ PY - 2000 DA - 2000 Dec 31 KW - CPI, Conference Papers Index KW - U 2000:BIOLOGY GENERAL UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/40620360?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Acpi&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=conference&rft.jtitle=&rft.atitle=Characterization+of+monoclonal+antibodies+against+histoplasmin+antigens%3A+effect+of+periodate+oxidation&rft.au=Knowles%2C+J+B%3BReiss%2C+E%3BAloisio%2C+CH&rft.aulast=Knowles&rft.aufirst=J&rft.date=2000-12-31&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - SuppNotes - Availability: Abstracts available: American Society for Microbiology, Publications Department, 1913 I St. NW, Washington, DC 20006, USA, Paper No. F40 N1 - Last updated - 2010-05-03 ER - TY - CPAPER T1 - Applications of monoclonal antibodies against Candida tropicalis mannan AN - 40620355; 0627499 AU - Reiss, E AU - de Repentigny, L AU - Kuykendall, R J AU - Carter, A W AU - Aloisio, CH Y1 - 2000/12/31/ PY - 2000 DA - 2000 Dec 31 KW - CPI, Conference Papers Index KW - U 2000:BIOLOGY GENERAL UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/40620355?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Acpi&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=conference&rft.jtitle=&rft.atitle=Applications+of+monoclonal+antibodies+against+Candida+tropicalis+mannan&rft.au=Reiss%2C+E%3Bde+Repentigny%2C+L%3BKuykendall%2C+R+J%3BCarter%2C+A+W%3BAloisio%2C+CH&rft.aulast=Reiss&rft.aufirst=E&rft.date=2000-12-31&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - SuppNotes - Availability: Abstracts available: American Society for Microbiology, Publications Department, 1913 I St. NW, Washington, DC 20006, USA, Paper No. F41 N1 - Last updated - 2010-05-03 ER - TY - CPAPER T1 - Moellerella wisconsensis gen.nov., sp.nov., a new member of Enterobacteriaceae found in human stools AN - 40618798; 0627797 AU - Hickman-Brenner, F W AU - Huntley-Carter, G P AU - Saitoh, Y AU - Steigerwalt, A G AU - Farmer, JJ III AU - Brenner, D J Y1 - 2000/12/31/ PY - 2000 DA - 2000 Dec 31 KW - CPI, Conference Papers Index KW - U 2000:BIOLOGY GENERAL UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/40618798?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Acpi&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=conference&rft.jtitle=&rft.atitle=Moellerella+wisconsensis+gen.nov.%2C+sp.nov.%2C+a+new+member+of+Enterobacteriaceae+found+in+human+stools&rft.au=Hickman-Brenner%2C+F+W%3BHuntley-Carter%2C+G+P%3BSaitoh%2C+Y%3BSteigerwalt%2C+A+G%3BFarmer%2C+JJ+III%3BBrenner%2C+D+J&rft.aulast=Hickman-Brenner&rft.aufirst=F&rft.date=2000-12-31&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - SuppNotes - Availability: Abstracts available: American Society for Microbiology, Publications Department, 1913 I St. NW, Washington, DC 20006, USA, Paper No. C246 N1 - Last updated - 2010-05-03 ER - TY - CPAPER T1 - Comparison of methods for recovery of Campylobacter jejuni from surface waters AN - 40617870; 0627666 AU - Bopp, CA AU - Gomaa, El-Sherbeeny AU - Wells, J G Y1 - 2000/12/31/ PY - 2000 DA - 2000 Dec 31 KW - CPI, Conference Papers Index KW - U 2000:BIOLOGY GENERAL UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/40617870?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Acpi&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=conference&rft.jtitle=&rft.atitle=Comparison+of+methods+for+recovery+of+Campylobacter+jejuni+from+surface+waters&rft.au=Bopp%2C+CA%3BGomaa%2C+El-Sherbeeny%3BWells%2C+J+G&rft.aulast=Bopp&rft.aufirst=CA&rft.date=2000-12-31&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - SuppNotes - Availability: Abstracts available: American Society for Microbiology, Publications Department, 1913 I St. NW, Washington, DC 20006, USA, Paper No. Q60 N1 - Last updated - 2010-05-03 ER - TY - CPAPER T1 - Comparison of selective media for the recovery of Legionella AN - 40615987; 0629352 AU - Barbaree, J M AU - Feeley, J C AU - Gorman, G W AU - McEachern, H V AU - Martin, W T Y1 - 2000/12/31/ PY - 2000 DA - 2000 Dec 31 KW - CPI, Conference Papers Index KW - U 2000:BIOLOGY GENERAL UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/40615987?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Acpi&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=conference&rft.jtitle=&rft.atitle=Comparison+of+selective+media+for+the+recovery+of+Legionella&rft.au=Barbaree%2C+J+M%3BFeeley%2C+J+C%3BGorman%2C+G+W%3BMcEachern%2C+H+V%3BMartin%2C+W+T&rft.aulast=Barbaree&rft.aufirst=J&rft.date=2000-12-31&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - SuppNotes - Availability: Abstracts available: American Society for Microbiology, Publications Department, 1913 I St. NW, Washington, DC 20006, USA, Paper No. C228 N1 - Last updated - 2010-05-03 ER - TY - CPAPER T1 - Evaluation of gelrite as a substitute for agar in selective media used for isolation of Neisseria gonorrhoeae AN - 40614555; 0629356 AU - Lewis, J S AU - Chaney, T AU - Kellogg, D S Y1 - 2000/12/31/ PY - 2000 DA - 2000 Dec 31 KW - CPI, Conference Papers Index KW - U 2000:BIOLOGY GENERAL UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/40614555?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Acpi&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=conference&rft.jtitle=&rft.atitle=Evaluation+of+gelrite+as+a+substitute+for+agar+in+selective+media+used+for+isolation+of+Neisseria+gonorrhoeae&rft.au=Lewis%2C+J+S%3BChaney%2C+T%3BKellogg%2C+D+S&rft.aulast=Lewis&rft.aufirst=J&rft.date=2000-12-31&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - SuppNotes - Availability: Abstracts available: American Society for Microbiology, Publications Department, 1913 I St. NW, Washington, DC 20006, USA, Paper No. C229 N1 - Last updated - 2010-05-03 ER - TY - CPAPER T1 - Multiplication of Legionella pneumophila in protozoa isolated from water associated with a legionellosis outbreak AN - 40613109; 0620243 AU - Fields, B S AU - Barbaree, J M AU - Feeley, J C AU - Shotts, E B AU - Gorman, G W AU - Martin, W T Y1 - 2000/12/31/ PY - 2000 DA - 2000 Dec 31 KW - CPI, Conference Papers Index KW - U 2000:BIOLOGY GENERAL UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/40613109?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Acpi&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=conference&rft.jtitle=&rft.atitle=Multiplication+of+Legionella+pneumophila+in+protozoa+isolated+from+water+associated+with+a+legionellosis+outbreak&rft.au=Fields%2C+B+S%3BBarbaree%2C+J+M%3BFeeley%2C+J+C%3BShotts%2C+E+B%3BGorman%2C+G+W%3BMartin%2C+W+T&rft.aulast=Fields&rft.aufirst=B&rft.date=2000-12-31&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - SuppNotes - Availability: Abstracts available: American Society for Microbiology, Publications Department, 1913 I St. NW, Washington, DC 20006, USA, Paper No. Q3 N1 - Last updated - 2010-05-03 ER - TY - CPAPER T1 - Use of VLSI in magnetic disk storage AN - 40607500; 0585617 AU - Brand, J Y1 - 2000/12/31/ PY - 2000 DA - 2000 Dec 31 KW - CPI, Conference Papers Index KW - U 6500:MATHEMATICS UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/40607500?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Acpi&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=conference&rft.jtitle=&rft.atitle=Use+of+VLSI+in+magnetic+disk+storage&rft.au=Brand%2C+J&rft.aulast=Brand&rft.aufirst=J&rft.date=2000-12-31&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - SuppNotes - Availability: Proceedings available: IEEE Computer Society, Order Desk, 10662 Los Vaqueros Circle, Los Alamitos, CA 90720, USA N1 - Last updated - 2010-05-03 ER - TY - CPAPER T1 - Increased beta sub(2)-microglobulin levels in patients with acquired immune deficiency syndrome and risk group controls AN - 40595265; 0551290 AU - Spira, T J AU - Scheppler-Campbell, J AU - Lawrence, D N Y1 - 2000/12/31/ PY - 2000 DA - 2000 Dec 31 KW - CPI, Conference Papers Index KW - U 2000:BIOLOGY GENERAL UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/40595265?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Acpi&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=conference&rft.jtitle=&rft.atitle=Increased+beta+sub%282%29-microglobulin+levels+in+patients+with+acquired+immune+deficiency+syndrome+and+risk+group+controls&rft.au=Spira%2C+T+J%3BScheppler-Campbell%2C+J%3BLawrence%2C+D+N&rft.aulast=Spira&rft.aufirst=T&rft.date=2000-12-31&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - SuppNotes - Availability: Abstracts booklet available: ASM, Publications Sales Dep., 1913 I Street, N.W., Washington, DC 20006, USA, Abstracts booklet: ISSN: 0733-6373; Price: $10.00 Abstract No. 962 N1 - Last updated - 2010-05-03 ER - TY - CPAPER T1 - Antimicrobial susceptibility of five subspecies of rapidly growing mycobacteria AN - 40592344; 0551760 AU - Swenson, J M AU - Silcox, V AU - Wallace, RJ Jr AU - Thornsberry, C Y1 - 2000/12/31/ PY - 2000 DA - 2000 Dec 31 KW - CPI, Conference Papers Index KW - U 2000:BIOLOGY GENERAL UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/40592344?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Acpi&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=conference&rft.jtitle=&rft.atitle=Antimicrobial+susceptibility+of+five+subspecies+of+rapidly+growing+mycobacteria&rft.au=Swenson%2C+J+M%3BSilcox%2C+V%3BWallace%2C+RJ+Jr%3BThornsberry%2C+C&rft.aulast=Swenson&rft.aufirst=J&rft.date=2000-12-31&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - SuppNotes - Availability: Abstracts booklet available: ASM, Publications Sales Dep., 1913 I Street, N.W., Washington, DC 20006, USA, Abstracts booklet: ISSN: 0733-6373; Price: $10.00 Abstract No. 1053 N1 - Last updated - 2010-05-03 ER - TY - CPAPER T1 - Diagnosis and characterization of enterovirus 70 acute hemorrhagic conjunctivitis with monoclonal antibodies AN - 40587113; 0546892 AU - Anderson, L J AU - Hatch, M H AU - Flemister, M R Y1 - 2000/12/31/ PY - 2000 DA - 2000 Dec 31 KW - CPI, Conference Papers Index KW - U 2000:BIOLOGY GENERAL UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/40587113?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Acpi&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=conference&rft.jtitle=&rft.atitle=Diagnosis+and+characterization+of+enterovirus+70+acute+hemorrhagic+conjunctivitis+with+monoclonal+antibodies&rft.au=Anderson%2C+L+J%3BHatch%2C+M+H%3BFlemister%2C+M+R&rft.aulast=Anderson&rft.aufirst=L&rft.date=2000-12-31&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - SuppNotes - Availability: Abstracts booklet available: ASM, Publications Sales Dep., 1913 I Street, N.W., Washington, DC 20006, USA, Abstracts booklet: ISSN: 0733-6373; Price: $10.00 Abstract No. 313 N1 - Last updated - 2010-05-03 ER - TY - CPAPER T1 - Recurrent outbreaks of enteritis due to antimicrobial resistant Salmonella typhimurium from an animal source AN - 40586921; 0546959 AU - Tacket, C O AU - Dominguez, L B AU - Cohen, M L Y1 - 2000/12/31/ PY - 2000 DA - 2000 Dec 31 KW - CPI, Conference Papers Index KW - U 2000:BIOLOGY GENERAL UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/40586921?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Acpi&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=conference&rft.jtitle=&rft.atitle=Recurrent+outbreaks+of+enteritis+due+to+antimicrobial+resistant+Salmonella+typhimurium+from+an+animal+source&rft.au=Tacket%2C+C+O%3BDominguez%2C+L+B%3BCohen%2C+M+L&rft.aulast=Tacket&rft.aufirst=C&rft.date=2000-12-31&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - SuppNotes - Availability: Abstracts booklet available: ASM, Publications Sales Dep., 1913 I Street, N.W., Washington, DC 20006, USA, Abstracts booklet: ISSN: 0733-6373; Price: $10.00 Abstract No. 356 N1 - Last updated - 2010-05-03 ER - TY - CPAPER T1 - Case control study of Kaposi's sarcoma and Pneumocystis carinii pneumonia in homosexual men residing outside New York City and California AN - 40583164; 0549297 AU - Drotman, D P AU - Haverkos, H W AU - Pinsky, P AU - Zyla, L AU - Hanrahan, J P AU - Goodrich, J T Y1 - 2000/12/31/ PY - 2000 DA - 2000 Dec 31 KW - CPI, Conference Papers Index KW - U 2000:BIOLOGY GENERAL UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/40583164?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Acpi&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=conference&rft.jtitle=&rft.atitle=Case+control+study+of+Kaposi%27s+sarcoma+and+Pneumocystis+carinii+pneumonia+in+homosexual+men+residing+outside+New+York+City+and+California&rft.au=Drotman%2C+D+P%3BHaverkos%2C+H+W%3BPinsky%2C+P%3BZyla%2C+L%3BHanrahan%2C+J+P%3BGoodrich%2C+J+T&rft.aulast=Drotman&rft.aufirst=D&rft.date=2000-12-31&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - SuppNotes - Availability: Abstracts booklet available: ASM, Publications Sales Dep., 1913 I Street, N.W., Washington, DC 20006, USA, Abstracts booklet: ISSN: 0733-6373; Price: $10.00 Abstract No. 624 N1 - Last updated - 2010-05-03 ER - TY - CPAPER T1 - Hepatitis B prevalence in rural hospital personnel AN - 40579514; 0540701 AU - Harris, J R AU - Finger, R AU - Kobayashi, J M AU - Hadler, S C AU - Murphy, B L Y1 - 2000/12/31/ PY - 2000 DA - 2000 Dec 31 KW - CPI, Conference Papers Index KW - U 2000:BIOLOGY GENERAL UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/40579514?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Acpi&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=conference&rft.jtitle=&rft.atitle=Hepatitis+B+prevalence+in+rural+hospital+personnel&rft.au=Harris%2C+J+R%3BFinger%2C+R%3BKobayashi%2C+J+M%3BHadler%2C+S+C%3BMurphy%2C+B+L&rft.aulast=Harris&rft.aufirst=J&rft.date=2000-12-31&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - SuppNotes - Availability: Abstracts booklet available: ASM, Publications Sales Dep., 1913 I Street, N.W., Washington, DC 20006, USA, Abstracts booklet: ISSN: 0733-6373; Price: $10.00 Abstract No. 6 N1 - Last updated - 2010-05-03 ER - TY - CPAPER T1 - Geographic, race, and sex differences in penicillin resistance of clinical isolates of Neisseria gonorrhoeae AN - 40578846; 0541981 AU - Guinan, ME AU - Holcomb, G AU - Zaidi, A Y1 - 2000/12/31/ PY - 2000 DA - 2000 Dec 31 KW - CPI, Conference Papers Index KW - U 2000:BIOLOGY GENERAL UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/40578846?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Acpi&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=conference&rft.jtitle=&rft.atitle=Geographic%2C+race%2C+and+sex+differences+in+penicillin+resistance+of+clinical+isolates+of+Neisseria+gonorrhoeae&rft.au=Guinan%2C+ME%3BHolcomb%2C+G%3BZaidi%2C+A&rft.aulast=Guinan&rft.aufirst=ME&rft.date=2000-12-31&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - SuppNotes - Availability: Abstracts booklet available: ASM, Publications Sales Dep., 1913 I Street, N.W., Washington, DC 20006, USA, Abstracts booklet: ISSN: 0733-6373; Price: $10.00 Abstract No. 57 N1 - Last updated - 2010-05-03 ER - TY - CPAPER T1 - Nosocomial Candida parapsilosis infections in a neonatal intensive care unit AN - 40576889; 0550643 AU - Solomon, S L AU - Goodpasture, H W AU - Alexander, H AU - Eley, W J AU - Culver, D H AU - Anderson, R L Y1 - 2000/12/31/ PY - 2000 DA - 2000 Dec 31 KW - CPI, Conference Papers Index KW - U 2000:BIOLOGY GENERAL UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/40576889?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Acpi&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=conference&rft.jtitle=&rft.atitle=Nosocomial+Candida+parapsilosis+infections+in+a+neonatal+intensive+care+unit&rft.au=Solomon%2C+S+L%3BGoodpasture%2C+H+W%3BAlexander%2C+H%3BEley%2C+W+J%3BCulver%2C+D+H%3BAnderson%2C+R+L&rft.aulast=Solomon&rft.aufirst=S&rft.date=2000-12-31&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - SuppNotes - Availability: Abstracts booklet available: ASM, Publications Sales Dep., 1913 I Street, N.W., Washington, DC 20006, USA, Abstracts booklet: ISSN: 0733-6373; Price: $10.00 Abstract No. 815 N1 - Last updated - 2010-05-03 ER - TY - CPAPER T1 - Staphylococcus aureus isolates from wounds in nonmenstrual cases of toxic shock syndrome: evidence for additional toxins AN - 40575312; 0546598 AU - Garbe, P AU - Reeves, M AU - Hayes, P AU - Arko, R AU - Rasheed, K AU - Broome, C Y1 - 2000/12/31/ PY - 2000 DA - 2000 Dec 31 KW - CPI, Conference Papers Index KW - U 2000:BIOLOGY GENERAL UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/40575312?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Acpi&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=conference&rft.jtitle=&rft.atitle=Staphylococcus+aureus+isolates+from+wounds+in+nonmenstrual+cases+of+toxic+shock+syndrome%3A+evidence+for+additional+toxins&rft.au=Garbe%2C+P%3BReeves%2C+M%3BHayes%2C+P%3BArko%2C+R%3BRasheed%2C+K%3BBroome%2C+C&rft.aulast=Garbe&rft.aufirst=P&rft.date=2000-12-31&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - SuppNotes - Availability: Abstracts booklet available: ASM, Publications Sales Dep., 1913 I Street, N.W., Washington, DC 20006, USA, Abstracts booklet: ISSN: 0733-6373; Price: $10.00 Abstract No. 235 N1 - Last updated - 2010-05-03 ER - TY - CPAPER T1 - Legionnaire's disease in the U.S. Virgin Islands: outbreak associated with a hotel AN - 40574234; 0550593 AU - Schlech, W F AU - Gorman, G W AU - Payne, M C AU - Broome, C V Y1 - 2000/12/31/ PY - 2000 DA - 2000 Dec 31 KW - CPI, Conference Papers Index KW - U 2000:BIOLOGY GENERAL UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/40574234?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Acpi&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=conference&rft.jtitle=&rft.atitle=Legionnaire%27s+disease+in+the+U.S.+Virgin+Islands%3A+outbreak+associated+with+a+hotel&rft.au=Schlech%2C+W+F%3BGorman%2C+G+W%3BPayne%2C+M+C%3BBroome%2C+C+V&rft.aulast=Schlech&rft.aufirst=W&rft.date=2000-12-31&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - SuppNotes - Availability: Abstracts booklet available: ASM, Publications Sales Dep., 1913 I Street, N.W., Washington, DC 20006, USA, Abstracts booklet: ISSN: 0733-6373; Price: $10.00 Abstract No. 802 N1 - Last updated - 2010-05-03 ER - TY - CPAPER T1 - Surveillance of diarrheal disease among young children in day care centers AN - 40573712; 0550163 AU - Bartlett, A V AU - Moore, M AU - Gary, G W AU - Erben, J J AU - Starko, K M AU - Meredith, BA Y1 - 2000/12/31/ PY - 2000 DA - 2000 Dec 31 KW - CPI, Conference Papers Index KW - U 2000:BIOLOGY GENERAL UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/40573712?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Acpi&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=conference&rft.jtitle=&rft.atitle=Surveillance+of+diarrheal+disease+among+young+children+in+day+care+centers&rft.au=Bartlett%2C+A+V%3BMoore%2C+M%3BGary%2C+G+W%3BErben%2C+J+J%3BStarko%2C+K+M%3BMeredith%2C+BA&rft.aulast=Bartlett&rft.aufirst=A&rft.date=2000-12-31&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - SuppNotes - Availability: Abstracts booklet available: ASM, Publications Sales Dep., 1913 I Street, N.W., Washington, DC 20006, USA, Abstracts booklet: ISSN: 0733-6373; Price: $10.00 Abstract No. 722 N1 - Last updated - 2010-05-03 ER - TY - CPAPER T1 - Mycobacterium chelonei infections in a hemodialysis center, Louisiana AN - 40573003; 0550602 AU - Bolan, G AU - Reingold, AL AU - Carson, L AU - Silcox, V AU - Woodley, C AU - Hayes, P S Y1 - 2000/12/31/ PY - 2000 DA - 2000 Dec 31 KW - CPI, Conference Papers Index KW - U 2000:BIOLOGY GENERAL UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/40573003?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Acpi&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=conference&rft.jtitle=&rft.atitle=Mycobacterium+chelonei+infections+in+a+hemodialysis+center%2C+Louisiana&rft.au=Bolan%2C+G%3BReingold%2C+AL%3BCarson%2C+L%3BSilcox%2C+V%3BWoodley%2C+C%3BHayes%2C+P+S&rft.aulast=Bolan&rft.aufirst=G&rft.date=2000-12-31&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - SuppNotes - Availability: Abstracts booklet available: ASM, Publications Sales Dep., 1913 I Street, N.W., Washington, DC 20006, USA, Abstracts booklet: ISSN: 0733-6373; Price: $10.00 Abstract No. 805 N1 - Last updated - 2010-05-03 ER - TY - CPAPER T1 - Epidemic of Diphtheria, Hodeidah City, Yemen Arab Republic 1981-82 AN - 40449072; 0266914 AU - Jones, EE AU - Kim-Farley, R J Y1 - 2000/12/31/ PY - 2000 DA - 2000 Dec 31 KW - CPI, Conference Papers Index KW - U 2000:BIOLOGY GENERAL UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/40449072?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Acpi&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=conference&rft.jtitle=&rft.atitle=Epidemic+of+Diphtheria%2C+Hodeidah+City%2C+Yemen+Arab+Republic+1981-82&rft.au=Jones%2C+EE%3BKim-Farley%2C+R+J&rft.aulast=Jones&rft.aufirst=EE&rft.date=2000-12-31&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - SuppNotes - Availability: 1982, Program and abstracts book available: American Society for Microbiology, 1913 I St. NW, Washington, DC 20006, ISBN 0-914826-44-1; 182 pages; Price: $10 Poster P33:8 N1 - Last updated - 2010-05-03 ER - TY - CPAPER T1 - Listeriosis in Atlantic Canada: Evidence for Foodborne Transmission AN - 40443351; 0265051 AU - Schlech, W F AU - Lavigne, P M AU - Allen, A C AU - Bortolussi, R M AU - Haldane, E V AU - Wort, JA Y1 - 2000/12/31/ PY - 2000 DA - 2000 Dec 31 KW - CPI, Conference Papers Index KW - U 2000:BIOLOGY GENERAL UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/40443351?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Acpi&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=conference&rft.jtitle=&rft.atitle=Listeriosis+in+Atlantic+Canada%3A+Evidence+for+Foodborne+Transmission&rft.au=Schlech%2C+W+F%3BLavigne%2C+P+M%3BAllen%2C+A+C%3BBortolussi%2C+R+M%3BHaldane%2C+E+V%3BWort%2C+JA&rft.aulast=Schlech&rft.aufirst=W&rft.date=2000-12-31&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - SuppNotes - Availability: 1982, Program and abstracts book available: American Society for Microbiology, 1913 I St. NW, Washington, DC 20006, ISBN 0-914826-44-1; 182 pages; Price: $10 Poster P3:1 N1 - Last updated - 2010-05-03 ER - TY - CPAPER T1 - Cryptosporidium and fecal contamination of swimming pools AN - 39321785; 3533667 AU - Beach, M Y1 - 2000/12/31/ PY - 2000 DA - 2000 Dec 31 KW - CPI, Conference Papers Index KW - U 7000:Multidisciplinary UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/39321785?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Acpi&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=conference&rft.jtitle=&rft.atitle=Cryptosporidium+and+fecal+contamination+of+swimming+pools&rft.au=Beach%2C+M&rft.aulast=Beach&rft.aufirst=M&rft.date=2000-12-31&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - SuppNotes - Availability: National Environmental Health Agency, 720 S. Colorado BLVD, Denver, CO 80246-1925, USA; phone: 3037569090; fax: 3036919490; email: staff@neha.org; URL: www.neha.org N1 - Last updated - 2011-10-26 ER - TY - CPAPER T1 - Geosentinel: A global network for surveillance of travel and migration-related infections AN - 39283419; 3547220 AU - Weld, L H AU - Kozarsky, P E AU - Freedman, DO AU - Srinivasan, I AU - Cetron Y1 - 2000/12/31/ PY - 2000 DA - 2000 Dec 31 KW - CPI, Conference Papers Index KW - U 7000:Multidisciplinary UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/39283419?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Acpi&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=conference&rft.jtitle=&rft.atitle=Geosentinel%3A+A+global+network+for+surveillance+of+travel+and+migration-related+infections&rft.au=Weld%2C+L+H%3BKozarsky%2C+P+E%3BFreedman%2C+DO%3BSrinivasan%2C+I%3BCetron&rft.aulast=Weld&rft.aufirst=L&rft.date=2000-12-31&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - SuppNotes - Availability: American Society of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene, 3088 Briarcliff Rd., Ste. 11A, Atlanta, GA 30329, USA N1 - Last updated - 2010-05-03 ER - TY - CPAPER T1 - Evidence of rodent-associated Bartonella and Rickettsia infections among inner city residents of Baltimore and New York city AN - 39278890; 3547644 AU - Comer, JA AU - Vlahov, D AU - Diaz, T AU - Monterroso, E AU - Vargas, M C AU - Poshni, I AU - Childs, JE Y1 - 2000/12/31/ PY - 2000 DA - 2000 Dec 31 KW - CPI, Conference Papers Index KW - U 7000:Multidisciplinary UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/39278890?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Acpi&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=conference&rft.jtitle=&rft.atitle=Evidence+of+rodent-associated+Bartonella+and+Rickettsia+infections+among+inner+city+residents+of+Baltimore+and+New+York+city&rft.au=Comer%2C+JA%3BVlahov%2C+D%3BDiaz%2C+T%3BMonterroso%2C+E%3BVargas%2C+M+C%3BPoshni%2C+I%3BChilds%2C+JE&rft.aulast=Comer&rft.aufirst=JA&rft.date=2000-12-31&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - SuppNotes - Availability: American Society of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene, 3088 Briarcliff Rd., Ste. 11A, Atlanta, GA 30329, USA N1 - Last updated - 2010-05-03 ER - TY - CPAPER T1 - Vector control issues in post-disaster emergency response AN - 39267786; 3533612 AU - Moore, C Y1 - 2000/12/31/ PY - 2000 DA - 2000 Dec 31 KW - CPI, Conference Papers Index KW - U 7000:Multidisciplinary UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/39267786?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Acpi&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=conference&rft.jtitle=&rft.atitle=Vector+control+issues+in+post-disaster+emergency+response&rft.au=Moore%2C+C&rft.aulast=Moore&rft.aufirst=C&rft.date=2000-12-31&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - SuppNotes - Availability: National Environmental Health Agency, 720 S. Colorado BLVD, Denver, CO 80246-1925, USA; phone: 3037569090; fax: 3036919490; email: staff@neha.org; URL: www.neha.org N1 - Last updated - 2011-10-26 ER - TY - CPAPER T1 - CDC's support of local health departments AN - 39238307; 3533544 AU - Higgins, C AU - Selman, C Y1 - 2000/12/31/ PY - 2000 DA - 2000 Dec 31 KW - CPI, Conference Papers Index KW - U 7000:Multidisciplinary UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/39238307?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Acpi&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=conference&rft.jtitle=&rft.atitle=CDC%27s+support+of+local+health+departments&rft.au=Higgins%2C+C%3BSelman%2C+C&rft.aulast=Higgins&rft.aufirst=C&rft.date=2000-12-31&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - SuppNotes - Availability: National Environmental Health Agency, 720 S. Colorado BLVD, Denver, CO 80246-1925, USA; phone: 3037569090; fax: 3036919490; email: staff@neha.org; URL: www.neha.org N1 - Last updated - 2011-10-26 ER - TY - CPAPER T1 - Media relations AN - 39228487; 3533532 AU - Howard, B Y1 - 2000/12/31/ PY - 2000 DA - 2000 Dec 31 KW - CPI, Conference Papers Index KW - U 7000:Multidisciplinary UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/39228487?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Acpi&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=conference&rft.jtitle=&rft.atitle=Media+relations&rft.au=Howard%2C+B&rft.aulast=Howard&rft.aufirst=B&rft.date=2000-12-31&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - SuppNotes - Availability: National Environmental Health Agency, 720 S. Colorado BLVD, Denver, CO 80246-1925, USA; phone: 3037569090; fax: 3036919490; email: staff@neha.org; URL: www.neha.org N1 - Last updated - 2011-10-26 ER - TY - CPAPER T1 - Trimethyltin and LPS induce distinct patterns of cytokine and chemokine expression in rat hippocampus: Lack of an association with injury-induced gliosis AN - 39217017; 3524795 AU - Little, A R AU - O'Callaghan, J P Y1 - 2000/12/31/ PY - 2000 DA - 2000 Dec 31 KW - CPI, Conference Papers Index KW - U 1000:Animal and Plant Science KW - U 4300: Environmental Science UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/39217017?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Acpi&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=conference&rft.jtitle=&rft.atitle=Trimethyltin+and+LPS+induce+distinct+patterns+of+cytokine+and+chemokine+expression+in+rat+hippocampus%3A+Lack+of+an+association+with+injury-induced+gliosis&rft.au=Little%2C+A+R%3BO%27Callaghan%2C+J+P&rft.aulast=Little&rft.aufirst=A&rft.date=2000-12-31&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - SuppNotes - Availability: The Society of Toxicology, 1767 Business Center Drive, Suite 302, Reston, VA 20190-5332, USA; phone: (703) 438-3115; fax: (703) 438-3113; email: sothq@toxicology.org; URL: www.toxicology.org N1 - Last updated - 2011-10-26 ER - TY - CPAPER T1 - Vitamin E deficiency increases susceptibility of the Balb/C mouse to MDMA-induced dopaminergic neurotoxicity AN - 39193615; 3524798 AU - Johnson, E A AU - Shvedova, A A AU - Kisin, E AU - O'Callaghan, J P AU - Kommineni, C AU - Miller, D B Y1 - 2000/12/31/ PY - 2000 DA - 2000 Dec 31 KW - CPI, Conference Papers Index KW - U 1000:Animal and Plant Science KW - U 4300: Environmental Science UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/39193615?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Acpi&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=conference&rft.jtitle=&rft.atitle=Vitamin+E+deficiency+increases+susceptibility+of+the+Balb%2FC+mouse+to+MDMA-induced+dopaminergic+neurotoxicity&rft.au=Johnson%2C+E+A%3BShvedova%2C+A+A%3BKisin%2C+E%3BO%27Callaghan%2C+J+P%3BKommineni%2C+C%3BMiller%2C+D+B&rft.aulast=Johnson&rft.aufirst=E&rft.date=2000-12-31&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - SuppNotes - Availability: The Society of Toxicology, 1767 Business Center Drive, Suite 302, Reston, VA 20190-5332, USA; phone: (703) 438-3115; fax: (703) 438-3113; email: sothq@toxicology.org; URL: www.toxicology.org N1 - Last updated - 2011-10-26 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Increasing prevalence of multidrug-resistant Streptococcus pneumoniae in the United States AN - 17762825; 4826784 AB - The emergence of drug-resistant strains of bacteria has complicated treatment decisions and may lead to treatment failures. We examined data on invasive pneumococcal disease in patients identified from 1995 to 1998 in the Active Bacterial Core Surveillance program of the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. Pneumococci that had a high level of resistance or had intermediate resistance according to the definitions of the National Committee for Clinical Laboratory Standards were defined as "resistant" for this analysis. During 1998, 4013 cases of invasive Streptococcus pneumoniae disease were reported (23 cases per 100,000 population); isolates were available for 3475 (87 percent). Overall, 24 percent of isolates from 1998 were resistant to penicillin. The proportion of isolates that were resistant to penicillin was highest in Georgia (33 percent) and Tennessee (35 percent), in children under five years of age (32 percent, vs. 21 percent for persons five or more years of age), and in whites (26 percent, vs. 22 percent for blacks). Penicillin-resistant isolates were more likely than susceptible isolates to have a high level of resistance to other antimicrobial agents. Serotypes included in the 7-valent conjugate and 23-valent pneumococcal polysaccharide vaccines accounted for 78 percent and 88 percent of penicillin-resistant strains, respectively. Between 1995 and 1998 (during which period 12,045 isolates were collected), the proportion of isolates that were resistant to three or more classes of drugs increased from 9 percent to 14 percent; there also were increases in the proportions of isolates that were resistant to penicillin (from 21 percent to 25 percent), cefotaxime (from 10 percent to 14 percent), meropenem (from 10 percent to 16 percent), erythromycin (from 11 percent to 15 percent), and trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole (from 25 percent to 29 percent). The increases in the frequency of resistance to other antimicrobial agents occurred exclusively among penicillin-resistant isolates. Multidrug-resistant pneumococci are common and are increasing. Because a limited number of serotypes account for most infections with drug-resistant strains, the new conjugate vaccines offer protection against most drug-resistant strains of S. pneumoniae.. JF - New England Journal of Medicine AU - Whitney, C G AU - Farley, M M AU - Hadler, J AU - Harrison, L H AU - Lexau, C AU - Reingold, A AU - Lefkowitz, L AU - Cieslak, PR AU - Cetron, M AU - Zell, E R AU - Stat, M AU - Jorgensen, J H AU - Schuchat, A AD - CDC Mailstop C-23, 1600 Clifton Rd. NE, Atlanta, GA 30333, USA Y1 - 2000/12/28/ PY - 2000 DA - 2000 Dec 28 SP - 1917 EP - 1924 VL - 343 IS - 26 SN - 0028-4793, 0028-4793 KW - USA KW - Microbiology Abstracts A: Industrial & Applied Microbiology; Microbiology Abstracts B: Bacteriology KW - Streptococcus pneumoniae KW - Drug resistance KW - Penicillin KW - Antibiotic resistance KW - A 01064:Microbial resistance KW - J 02795:Antibiotic resistance UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/17762825?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologyb&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=New+England+Journal+of+Medicine&rft.atitle=Increasing+prevalence+of+multidrug-resistant+Streptococcus+pneumoniae+in+the+United+States&rft.au=Whitney%2C+C+G%3BFarley%2C+M+M%3BHadler%2C+J%3BHarrison%2C+L+H%3BLexau%2C+C%3BReingold%2C+A%3BLefkowitz%2C+L%3BCieslak%2C+PR%3BCetron%2C+M%3BZell%2C+E+R%3BStat%2C+M%3BJorgensen%2C+J+H%3BSchuchat%2C+A&rft.aulast=Whitney&rft.aufirst=C&rft.date=2000-12-28&rft.volume=343&rft.issue=26&rft.spage=1917&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=New+England+Journal+of+Medicine&rft.issn=00284793&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Streptococcus pneumoniae; Antibiotic resistance; Drug resistance; Penicillin ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Emergence of Domestically Acquired Ceftriaxone-Resistant Salmonella Infections Associated With AmpC beta -Lactamase AN - 18245521; 5304246 AB - Ceftriaxone, an expanded-spectrum cephalosporin, is an antimicrobial agent commonly used to treat severe Salmonella infections, especially in children. Ceftriaxone-resistant Salmonella infections have recently been reported in the United States, but the extent of the problem is unknown. To summarize national surveillance data for ceftriaxone-resistant Salmonella infections in the United States and to describe mechanisms of resistance. Case series and laboratory evaluation of human isolates submitted to the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention from 17 state and community health departments participating in the National Antimicrobial Resistance Monitoring System (NARMS) for enteric bacteria between 1996 and 1998. Patients with ceftriaxone-resistant Salmonella infections between 1996 and 1998 were interviewed and isolates with decreased ceftriaxone susceptibility were further characterized. Exposures and illness outcomes, mechanisms of resistance. The prevalence of ceftriaxone-resistant Salmonella was 0.1% (1 of 1326) in 1996, 0.4% (5 of 1301) in 1997, and 0.5% (7 of 1466) in 1998. Ten (77%) of the 13 patients with ceftriaxone-resistant infections were aged 18 years or younger. The patients lived in 8 states (California, Colorado, Kansas, Massachusetts, Maryland, Minnesota, New York, and Oregon). Nine (82%) of 11 patients interviewed did not take antimicrobial agents and 10 (91%) did not travel outside the United States before illness onset. Twelve of the 15 Salmonella isolates with ceftriaxone minimum inhibitory concentrations of 16 mu g/mL or higher were serotype Typhimurium but these isolates had different pulsed-field gel electrophoresis patterns. Thirteen of these 15 isolates collected between 1996 and 1998 were positive for a 631-base pair polymerase chain reaction product obtained by using primers specific for the ampC gene of Citrobacter freundii. Domestically acquired ceftriaxone-resistant Salmonella has emerged in the United States. Most ceftriaxone-resistant Salmonella isolates had similar AmpC plasmid-mediated resistance. JF - Journal of the American Medical Association AU - Dunne, E F AU - Fey, P D AU - Kludt, P AU - Reporter, R AU - Mostashari, F AU - Shillam, P AU - Wicklund, J AU - Miller, C AU - Holland, B AU - Stamey, K AU - Barrett, T J AU - Rasheed, J K AU - Tenover, F C AU - Ribot, E M AU - Angulo, F J AD - Foodborne and Diarrheal Diseases Branch, Division of Bacterial and Mycotic Diseases, National Center for Infectious Diseases, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, 1600 Clifton Rd, MS A-38, Atlanta, GA 30333, USA, FAngulo@cdc.gov Y1 - 2000/12/27/ PY - 2000 DA - 2000 Dec 27 SP - 3151 EP - 3156 VL - 284 IS - 24 SN - 0098-7484, 0098-7484 KW - AmpC gene KW - ceftriaxone KW - Microbiology Abstracts B: Bacteriology KW - USA KW - Epidemiology KW - Citrobacter freundii KW - Children KW - Salmonella KW - Antibiotic resistance KW - J 02795:Antibiotic resistance UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/18245521?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologyb&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+the+American+Medical+Association&rft.atitle=Emergence+of+Domestically+Acquired+Ceftriaxone-Resistant+Salmonella+Infections+Associated+With+AmpC+beta+-Lactamase&rft.au=Dunne%2C+E+F%3BFey%2C+P+D%3BKludt%2C+P%3BReporter%2C+R%3BMostashari%2C+F%3BShillam%2C+P%3BWicklund%2C+J%3BMiller%2C+C%3BHolland%2C+B%3BStamey%2C+K%3BBarrett%2C+T+J%3BRasheed%2C+J+K%3BTenover%2C+F+C%3BRibot%2C+E+M%3BAngulo%2C+F+J&rft.aulast=Dunne&rft.aufirst=E&rft.date=2000-12-27&rft.volume=284&rft.issue=24&rft.spage=3151&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+the+American+Medical+Association&rft.issn=00987484&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Salmonella; Citrobacter freundii; USA; Antibiotic resistance; Children; Epidemiology ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Blood lead levels in young children--United States and selected states, 1996-1999. AN - 72531479; 11190117 AB - Lead exposure adversely affects the cognitive development and behavior of young children (1). For children aged or = 10 microg/dL, but evidence exists for subtle effects at lower levels (2). Data from CDC's Third National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey, Phase 2 (1991-1994) (NHANES) showed that average BLLs in children had decreased approximately 80% since the late 1970s but that elevated BLLs remained more common among low-income children, urban children, and those living in older housing (3,4). Although these data provide national estimates of the prevalence of elevated BLLs among children, they do not provide information at the state or local level. To target prevention efforts and monitor progress toward reducing BLLs at the state and local level, CDC's Childhood Blood Lead Surveillance (CBLS) program supports state blood lead surveillance programs on the basis of blood lead tests from public and private clinical laboratories. This report summarizes data on BLLs in children aged 1-5 years from NHANES data collected in 1999 and children aged < 6 years from state surveillance data provided to CDC by 19 state surveillance programs during 1996-1998. The findings indicate that, despite the decreases in mean BLL among children, the problem remains concentrated on a local level. Surveillance efforts should be used to target screening efforts to communities at highest risk. JF - MMWR. Morbidity and mortality weekly report AU - Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) AD - Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) Y1 - 2000/12/22/ PY - 2000 DA - 2000 Dec 22 SP - 1133 EP - 1137 VL - 49 IS - 50 SN - 0149-2195, 0149-2195 KW - Lead KW - 2P299V784P KW - Index Medicus KW - Infant KW - Humans KW - Health Surveys KW - United States -- epidemiology KW - Prevalence KW - Population Surveillance KW - Child, Preschool KW - Lead Poisoning -- blood KW - Lead Poisoning -- epidemiology KW - Lead -- blood UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/72531479?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=MMWR.+Morbidity+and+mortality+weekly+report&rft.atitle=Blood+lead+levels+in+young+children--United+States+and+selected+states%2C+1996-1999.&rft.au=Centers+for+Disease+Control+and+Prevention+%28CDC%29&rft.aulast=Centers+for+Disease+Control+and+Prevention+%28CDC%29&rft.aufirst=&rft.date=2000-12-22&rft.volume=49&rft.issue=50&rft.spage=1133&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=MMWR.+Morbidity+and+mortality+weekly+report&rft.issn=01492195&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 2001-01-11 N1 - Date created - 2001-01-10 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Multistate outbreak of listeriosis--United States, 2000. AN - 72528553; 11190115 AB - Since May 2000, 29 illnesses caused by a strain of Listeria monocytogenes (LM) have been identified in 10 states: New York (15 cases); Georgia (three); Connecticut, Ohio, and Michigan (two each); and California, Pennsylvania, Tennessee, Utah, and Wisconsin (one each). Dates of LM isolation ranged from May 17 through November 26 with 26 (90%) infections occurring since July 15. When subtyped, the LM isolates from these cases were indistinguishable by pulsed-field gel electrophoresis (PulseNet pattern numbers GX6A16.0014 by Asc1 and GX6A12.0017 by Apa1) and ribotyping (DUP-1053). This report summarizes the investigation, which linked these cases of listeriosis to eating deli turkey meat. JF - MMWR. Morbidity and mortality weekly report AU - Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) AD - Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) Y1 - 2000/12/22/ PY - 2000 DA - 2000 Dec 22 SP - 1129 EP - 1130 VL - 49 IS - 50 SN - 0149-2195, 0149-2195 KW - Index Medicus KW - Animals KW - Humans KW - Pregnancy Complications, Infectious KW - Infant, Newborn KW - Aged KW - Child KW - Pregnancy KW - Child, Preschool KW - Infant KW - Turkeys -- microbiology KW - Food Microbiology KW - Aged, 80 and over KW - Adult KW - Middle Aged KW - Adolescent KW - United States -- epidemiology KW - Male KW - Female KW - Listeriosis -- epidemiology KW - Listeria monocytogenes -- isolation & purification KW - Foodborne Diseases -- epidemiology KW - Foodborne Diseases -- microbiology KW - Listeriosis -- etiology KW - Meat -- microbiology KW - Disease Outbreaks UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/72528553?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=MMWR.+Morbidity+and+mortality+weekly+report&rft.atitle=Multistate+outbreak+of+listeriosis--United+States%2C+2000.&rft.au=Centers+for+Disease+Control+and+Prevention+%28CDC%29&rft.aulast=Centers+for+Disease+Control+and+Prevention+%28CDC%29&rft.aufirst=&rft.date=2000-12-22&rft.volume=49&rft.issue=50&rft.spage=1129&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=MMWR.+Morbidity+and+mortality+weekly+report&rft.issn=01492195&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 2001-01-11 N1 - Date created - 2001-01-10 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - SuppNotes - Erratum In: MMWR Morb Mortal Wkly Rep 2001 Feb 16;50(6):101 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Foodborne outbreak of Group A rotavirus gastroenteritis among college students--District of Columbia, March-April 2000. AN - 72524935; 11190116 AB - On March 31, student health services at a university in the District of Columbia (DC) notified the DC health department that an increased number of students had become ill with acute gastroenteritis beginning March 29. Some ill students reported eating tuna or chicken salad sandwiches from dining hall A on campus. On March 31, the DC health department initiated an outbreak investigation. This report summarizes results of the investigation, which indicated that group A rotavirus transmitted by food was the cause of the outbreak. JF - MMWR. Morbidity and mortality weekly report AU - Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) AD - Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) Y1 - 2000/12/22/ PY - 2000 DA - 2000 Dec 22 SP - 1131 EP - 1133 VL - 49 IS - 50 SN - 0149-2195, 0149-2195 KW - Index Medicus KW - Rotavirus -- isolation & purification KW - Humans KW - Adult KW - District of Columbia -- epidemiology KW - Universities KW - Adolescent KW - Foodborne Diseases -- epidemiology KW - Gastroenteritis -- microbiology KW - Foodborne Diseases -- microbiology KW - Rotavirus Infections -- epidemiology KW - Rotavirus Infections -- etiology KW - Gastroenteritis -- epidemiology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/72524935?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=MMWR.+Morbidity+and+mortality+weekly+report&rft.atitle=Foodborne+outbreak+of+Group+A+rotavirus+gastroenteritis+among+college+students--District+of+Columbia%2C+March-April+2000.&rft.au=Centers+for+Disease+Control+and+Prevention+%28CDC%29&rft.aulast=Centers+for+Disease+Control+and+Prevention+%28CDC%29&rft.aufirst=&rft.date=2000-12-22&rft.volume=49&rft.issue=50&rft.spage=1131&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=MMWR.+Morbidity+and+mortality+weekly+report&rft.issn=01492195&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 2001-01-11 N1 - Date created - 2001-01-10 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Lung responses to hypothyroidism, hyperthyroidism, and lipopolysaccharide challenge in rats. AN - 72515365; 11127416 AB - The objectives of this investigation were to study the effects of hypo- and hyperthyroidism on some factors involved in lung injury under basal conditions (air exposure) and during an inflammatory response induced by inhalation exposure to lipopolysaccharide (LPS; 100 microg/ml; 3 h) in adult rats. Thyroid status was altered by thyroidectomy or thyroxine injections for 15 d. Hyperthyroidism alone caused a greater degree of lung cell damage, an increase in the permeability of the alveolar-capillary barrier, a rise in the total number of phagocytic cells obtained by bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL), and enhanced nitric oxide (NO) release by phagocytic cells relative to that in euthyroid control animals. Hypothyroidism alone was associated with opposite effects. Exposure of animals to LPS produced inflammatory responses, which included significant increases in lung cell damage, permeability of the alveolar-capillary barrier, number of phagocytic cells obtained by BAL, and NO production by the phagocytic cells. In general, hyperthyroidism enhanced the effects of LPS, while hypothyroidism reduced LPS-induced responses. These results suggest that thyroid status alone can affect some of the factors involved in lung injury and also modulate some of the inflammatory effects of LPS. Hyperthyroidism tends to enhance lung injury, while hypothyroidism seems to reduce lung injury. JF - Journal of toxicology and environmental health. Part A AU - Huffman, L J AU - Judy, D J AU - Rao, K M AU - Frazer, D G AU - Goldsmith, W T AD - Health Effects Laboratory Division, National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, Morgantown, West Virginia 26505, USA. ljh3@cdc.gov Y1 - 2000/12/15/ PY - 2000 DA - 2000 Dec 15 SP - 623 EP - 639 VL - 61 IS - 7 SN - 1528-7394, 1528-7394 KW - Albumins KW - 0 KW - Endotoxins KW - Lipopolysaccharides KW - Nitric Oxide KW - 31C4KY9ESH KW - endotoxin, Escherichia coli KW - 67924-63-4 KW - L-Lactate Dehydrogenase KW - EC 1.1.1.27 KW - Thyroxine KW - Q51BO43MG4 KW - Index Medicus KW - Albumins -- metabolism KW - Animals KW - Cell Count KW - Nitric Oxide -- metabolism KW - Endotoxins -- pharmacology KW - Rats KW - Rats, Sprague-Dawley KW - Capillaries -- pathology KW - Cell Membrane Permeability -- drug effects KW - Thyroxine -- toxicity KW - Body Weight -- drug effects KW - Phagocytes -- drug effects KW - Bronchoalveolar Lavage Fluid -- cytology KW - L-Lactate Dehydrogenase -- metabolism KW - Male KW - Hyperthyroidism -- pathology KW - Hypothyroidism -- pathology KW - Lipopolysaccharides -- toxicity KW - Lung -- pathology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/72515365?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+toxicology+and+environmental+health.+Part+A&rft.atitle=Lung+responses+to+hypothyroidism%2C+hyperthyroidism%2C+and+lipopolysaccharide+challenge+in+rats.&rft.au=Huffman%2C+L+J%3BJudy%2C+D+J%3BRao%2C+K+M%3BFrazer%2C+D+G%3BGoldsmith%2C+W+T&rft.aulast=Huffman&rft.aufirst=L&rft.date=2000-12-15&rft.volume=61&rft.issue=7&rft.spage=623&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+toxicology+and+environmental+health.+Part+A&rft.issn=15287394&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 2001-01-18 N1 - Date created - 2000-12-20 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Dermal and systemic toxicity after application of semisynthetic metal-working fluids in B6C3F1 mice. AN - 72510876; 11127413 AB - About 10 million industrial workers of both sexes are exposed to metal-working fluids (MWFs) via inhalation, skin or both. Our preliminary results, following dermal application of 200 microl of 50% unused (neat) semisynthetic MWF (pH 7 or pH 9.7) to the unshaved backs of 6-wk-old B6C3F1 mice, twice a week for 6 wk, produced significant increase in weights of the liver of both sexes. The purpose of the present study was to determine if this weight change was related to oxidative stress subsequent to MWF exposure and also to determine whether ethanol intake influences this effect. Therefore, 6-mo-old mice of both sexes were exposed to MWFs following the protocol just described, except that the topical application was with 5% MWFs (pH 7 and 9.7, 5 d/wk) with or without adding 5% ethanol to their drinking water (7 d/wk) for 13 wk. The skin histamine levels and mast-cell numbers were significantly increased in the female group treated with 55% MWF (pH 7). The ascorbic acid levels in the liver (both sexes) (all groups except 5%, MWF pH 9.7 males) and testes were reduced significantly. Malondialdehyde levels in the male liver were significantly increased with topical MWF exposure. Glutathione levels were reduced significantly in both male and female liver after 5% MWF (pH 7). Alcohol dehydrogenase activity of the male liver increased significantly after MWF (pH 7). These results suggest that MWFs are absorbed through the skin and produce toxicity in the liver of both sexes and in the male gonads. This may represent an important health risk to MWF-exposed industrial workers, and ethanol may exacerbate this risk. JF - Journal of toxicology and environmental health. Part A AU - Al-Humadi, N H AU - Shvedova, A A AU - Batteli, L AU - Diotte, N AU - Castranova, V AU - Kommineni, C AD - Health Effects Laboratory Division, NIOSH, CDC, Morgantown, West Virginia 26505, USA. Y1 - 2000/12/15/ PY - 2000 DA - 2000 Dec 15 SP - 579 EP - 589 VL - 61 IS - 7 SN - 1528-7394, 1528-7394 KW - Indicators and Reagents KW - 0 KW - Malondialdehyde KW - 4Y8F71G49Q KW - Histamine KW - 820484N8I3 KW - Alcohol Dehydrogenase KW - EC 1.1.1.1 KW - Glutathione KW - GAN16C9B8O KW - Ascorbic Acid KW - PQ6CK8PD0R KW - Index Medicus KW - Malondialdehyde -- metabolism KW - Animals KW - Mast Cells -- metabolism KW - Glutathione -- metabolism KW - Mice KW - Histamine -- metabolism KW - Alcohol Dehydrogenase -- metabolism KW - Ascorbic Acid -- metabolism KW - Mast Cells -- drug effects KW - Male KW - Female KW - Industrial Oils -- toxicity KW - Skin Diseases -- metabolism KW - Skin Diseases -- pathology KW - Skin Diseases -- chemically induced KW - Metallurgy UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/72510876?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+toxicology+and+environmental+health.+Part+A&rft.atitle=Dermal+and+systemic+toxicity+after+application+of+semisynthetic+metal-working+fluids+in+B6C3F1+mice.&rft.au=Al-Humadi%2C+N+H%3BShvedova%2C+A+A%3BBatteli%2C+L%3BDiotte%2C+N%3BCastranova%2C+V%3BKommineni%2C+C&rft.aulast=Al-Humadi&rft.aufirst=N&rft.date=2000-12-15&rft.volume=61&rft.issue=7&rft.spage=579&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+toxicology+and+environmental+health.+Part+A&rft.issn=15287394&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 2001-01-18 N1 - Date created - 2000-12-20 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Houseboat-associated carbon monoxide poisonings on Lake Powell--Arizona and Utah, 2000. AN - 70533831; 11917924 AB - During August 2000 at Lake Powell in the Glen Canyon National Recreation Area on the Arizona-Utah border, two brothers died of carbon monoxide (CO) poisoning as they swam near the stern of a houseboat while the onboard gasoline-powered generator was operating. As a result of these deaths, an investigation was initiated by the U.S. National Park Service (NPS) with assistance from the U.S. Department of the Interior, CDC's National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, and the U.S. Coast Guard. In addition to investigating the deaths of the two brothers, the multiagency team evaluated visitor and worker boat-related CO exposures at Lake Powell. The study identified nine boat-related fatal CO poisonings since 1994 and approximately 100 nonfatal poisonings since 1990. This report describes the preliminary results of an ongoing investigation of watercraft-related CO poisonings on Lake Powell. JF - MMWR. Morbidity and mortality weekly report AU - Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) AD - Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) Y1 - 2000/12/15/ PY - 2000 DA - 2000 Dec 15 SP - 1105 EP - 1108 VL - 49 IS - 49 SN - 0149-2195, 0149-2195 KW - Index Medicus KW - Ships KW - Arizona -- epidemiology KW - Fresh Water KW - Humans KW - Utah -- epidemiology KW - Adult KW - Aged KW - Middle Aged KW - Child KW - Adolescent KW - Male KW - Carbon Monoxide Poisoning -- etiology KW - Carbon Monoxide Poisoning -- epidemiology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/70533831?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=MMWR.+Morbidity+and+mortality+weekly+report&rft.atitle=Houseboat-associated+carbon+monoxide+poisonings+on+Lake+Powell--Arizona+and+Utah%2C+2000.&rft.au=Centers+for+Disease+Control+and+Prevention+%28CDC%29&rft.aulast=Centers+for+Disease+Control+and+Prevention+%28CDC%29&rft.aufirst=&rft.date=2000-12-15&rft.volume=49&rft.issue=49&rft.spage=1105&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=MMWR.+Morbidity+and+mortality+weekly+report&rft.issn=01492195&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 2002-04-11 N1 - Date created - 2002-03-28 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Tuberculosis Among Foreign-Born Persons in the United States, 1993-1998 AN - 18246165; 5304710 AB - Immigration is a major force sustaining the incidence of tuberculosis (TB) in the United States. To describe trends and characteristics of foreign-born persons with TB and the implications for TB program planning and policy development. Descriptive analysis of US TB surveillance data from case reports submitted from 1993 to 1998. Demographic and clinical characteristics of foreign-born persons with TB. The number of TB cases among foreign-born persons increased 2.6%, from 7402 in 1993 to 7591 in 1998, and the proportion of US cases that were foreign-born increased from 29.8% to 41.6%. During 1993-1998, the TB case rate was 32.9 per 100,000 population in foreign-born persons compared with 5.8 per 100,000 in US-born persons. Six states reported 73.4% of foreign-born cases (California, New York, Texas, Florida, New Jersey, and Illinois). Approximately two thirds of these cases were originally Mexico, the Philippines, Vietnam, India, China, Haiti, and South Korea. Among those for whom date of US entry was known, 51.5% arrived 5 years or less prior to the diagnosis of TB. Most were male and aged 25 to 44 years. During 1993-1996, the proportion receiving some portion of treatment under directly observed therapy increased from 27.3% to 59.1% and approximately 70% completed therapy in 12 months. The rate of primary resistance to isoniazid was 11.6% and to both isoniazid and rifampin was 1.7%. As the United States moves toward the goal of TB elimination, success will depend increasingly on reducing the impact of TB in foreign-born persons. Continued efforts to tailor local TB control strategies to the foreign-born community and commitment to the global TB battle are essential. JF - Journal of the American Medical Association AU - Talbot, E A AU - Moore, M AU - McCray, E AU - Binkin, N J AD - Surveillance and Epidemiology Branch, Division of TB Elimination, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Mail Stop E-10, Atlanta, GA 30333, USA, MMoore@cdc.gov Y1 - 2000/12/13/ PY - 2000 DA - 2000 Dec 13 SP - 2894 EP - 2900 VL - 284 IS - 22 SN - 0098-7484, 0098-7484 KW - case reports KW - Microbiology Abstracts B: Bacteriology KW - Rifampin KW - USA KW - Epidemiology KW - Immigrants KW - Tuberculosis KW - Antibacterial agents KW - Isoniazid KW - Mycobacterium tuberculosis KW - J 02845:Ear, nose and respiratory tract UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/18246165?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologyb&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+the+American+Medical+Association&rft.atitle=Tuberculosis+Among+Foreign-Born+Persons+in+the+United+States%2C+1993-1998&rft.au=Talbot%2C+E+A%3BMoore%2C+M%3BMcCray%2C+E%3BBinkin%2C+N+J&rft.aulast=Talbot&rft.aufirst=E&rft.date=2000-12-13&rft.volume=284&rft.issue=22&rft.spage=2894&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+the+American+Medical+Association&rft.issn=00987484&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Mycobacterium tuberculosis; USA; Tuberculosis; Immigrants; Epidemiology; Antibacterial agents; Isoniazid; Rifampin ER - TY - JOUR T1 - The risk of menstrual abnormalities after tubal sterilization AN - 17735034; 4804770 AB - The existence of a post-tubal-ligation syndrome of menstrual abnormalities has been debated for decades. We used data from the U.S. Collaborative Review of Sterilization to determine whether the likelihood of persistent menstrual abnormalities was greater among women who had undergone tubal sterilization than among women who had not. A total of 9514 women who underwent tubal sterilization and 573 women whose partners underwent vasectomy were followed in a multicenter, prospective cohort study for up to five years by means of annual telephone interviews. All women were asked the same questions about six characteristics of their menstrual cycles in the presterilization and follow-up interviews. Multiple logistic-regression analysis was used to assess the risk of persistent menstrual changes. The women who had undergone sterilization were no more likely than those who had not undergone the procedure to report persistent changes in intermenstrual bleeding or the length of the menstrual cycle. They were more likely to have decreases in the number of days of bleeding (odds ratio, 2.4; 95 percent confidence interval, 1.1 to 5.2), the amount of bleeding (odds ratio, 1.5; 95 percent confidence interval, 1.1 to 2.0), and menstrual pain (odds ratio, 1.3; 95 percent confidence interval, 1.0 to 1.8) and to have an increase in cycle irregularity (odds ratio, 1.6; 95 percent confidence interval, 1.1 to 2.3). Among women who had had very heavy bleeding at base line, women who had undergone sterilization were more likely than women who had not undergone the procedure to report decreased bleeding (45 percent vs. 33 percent, P=0.03). Women who have undergone tubal sterilization are no more likely than other women to have menstrual abnormalities. JF - New England Journal of Medicine AU - Peterson, H B AU - Jeng, G AU - Folger, S G AU - Hillis, SA AU - Marchbanks, P A AU - Wilcox, L S AD - Division of Reproductive Health, National Center for Chronic Disease Prevention and Health Promotion, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Mailstop K-34, 4770 Buford Hwy., NE, Atlanta, GA 30341-3724, USA Y1 - 2000/12/07/ PY - 2000 DA - 2000 Dec 07 SP - 1681 EP - 1687 VL - 343 IS - 23 SN - 0028-4793, 0028-4793 KW - menstrual cycle KW - sterilization KW - tubal ligation KW - Risk Abstracts KW - R2 23060:Medical and environmental health UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/17735034?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Ariskabstracts&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=New+England+Journal+of+Medicine&rft.atitle=The+risk+of+menstrual+abnormalities+after+tubal+sterilization&rft.au=Peterson%2C+H+B%3BJeng%2C+G%3BFolger%2C+S+G%3BHillis%2C+SA%3BMarchbanks%2C+P+A%3BWilcox%2C+L+S&rft.aulast=Peterson&rft.aufirst=H&rft.date=2000-12-07&rft.volume=343&rft.issue=23&rft.spage=1681&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=New+England+Journal+of+Medicine&rft.issn=00284793&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - A prospective study of back belts for prevention of back pain and injury. AN - 72457542; 11105177 AB - Despite scientific uncertainties about effectiveness, wearing back belts in the hopes of preventing costly and disabling low back injury in employees is becoming common in the workplace. To evaluate the effectiveness of using back belts in reducing back injury claims and low back pain. Prospective cohort study. From April 1996 through April 1998, we identified material-handling employees in 160 new retail merchandise stores (89 required back belt use; 71 had voluntary back belt use) in 30 states (from New Hampshire to Michigan in the north and from Florida to Texas in the south); data collection ended December 1998, median follow-up was 6(1/2) months. A referred sample of 13,873 material handling employees provided 9377 baseline interviews and 6311 (67%) follow-up interviews; 206 (1.4%) refused baseline interview. Incidence rate of material-handling back injury workers' compensation claims and 6-month incidence rate of self-reported low back pain. Neither frequent back belt use nor a belt-requirement store policy was significantly associated with back injury claim rates or self-reported back pain. Rate ratios comparing back injury claims of those who reported wearing back belts usually every day and once or twice a week vs those who reported wearing belts never or once or twice a month were 1.22 (95% confidence interval [CI], 0.87-1.70) and 0.95 (95% CI, 0.56-1.59), respectively. The respective odds ratios for low back pain incidence were 0.97 (95% CI, 0.83-1.13) and 0.92 (95% CI, 0.73-1.16). In the largest prospective cohort study of back belt use, adjusted for multiple individual risk factors, neither frequent back belt use nor a store policy that required belt use was associated with reduced incidence of back injury claims or low back pain. JAMA. 2000;284:2727-2732. JF - JAMA AU - Wassell, J T AU - Gardner, L I AU - Landsittel, D P AU - Johnston, J J AU - Johnston, J M AD - Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, Division of Safety Research, 1095 Willowdale Rd, Morgantown, WV 26505, USA. jtw2@cdc.gov Y1 - 2000/12/06/ PY - 2000 DA - 2000 Dec 06 SP - 2727 EP - 2732 VL - 284 IS - 21 SN - 0098-7484, 0098-7484 KW - Abridged Index Medicus KW - Index Medicus KW - United States KW - Regression Analysis KW - Prospective Studies KW - Humans KW - Adult KW - Workers' Compensation KW - Male KW - Female KW - Back Pain -- epidemiology KW - Protective Clothing -- utilization KW - Workplace -- standards KW - Occupational Diseases -- prevention & control KW - Back Injuries -- prevention & control KW - Occupational Diseases -- epidemiology KW - Back Injuries -- epidemiology KW - Workplace -- statistics & numerical data KW - Back Pain -- prevention & control UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/72457542?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=JAMA&rft.atitle=A+prospective+study+of+back+belts+for+prevention+of+back+pain+and+injury.&rft.au=Wassell%2C+J+T%3BGardner%2C+L+I%3BLandsittel%2C+D+P%3BJohnston%2C+J+J%3BJohnston%2C+J+M&rft.aulast=Wassell&rft.aufirst=J&rft.date=2000-12-06&rft.volume=284&rft.issue=21&rft.spage=2727&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=JAMA&rft.issn=00987484&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 2000-12-22 N1 - Date created - 2000-12-15 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - SuppNotes - Comment In: JAMA. 2000 Dec 6;284(21):2780-1 [11105186] N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Predicting the local dynamics of epizootic rabies among raccoons in the United States AN - 17742454; 4800827 AB - Mathematical models have been developed to explore the population dynamics of viral diseases among wildlife. However, assessing the predictions stemming from these models with wildlife databases adequate in size and temporal duration is uncommon. An epizootic of raccoon rabies that began in the mid-Atlantic region of the United States in the late 1970s has developed into one of the largest and most extensive in the history of wildlife rabies. We analyzed the dynamics of local epizootics at the county level by examining a database spanning more than 20 years and including 35,387 rabid raccoons. The size, number, and periodicity of rabies epizootics among raccoons were compared with predictions derived from a susceptible, exposed, infectious, and recovered model of raccoon rabies [Coyne, J., Smith, G. & McAllister, F. E. (1989) Am. J. Vet. Res. 50, 2148-2154]. After our methods for defining epizootics were applied to solutions of the model, the time series revealed recurrent epizootics in some counties, with a median first epizootic period of 48 months. Successive epizootics declined in size and the epizootic period progressively decreased. Our reanalysis of the model predicted the initial-epizootic period of 4-5 years, with a progressive dampening of epizootic size and progressive decrease in epizootic period. The best quantitative agreement between data and model assumed low levels of immunity (1-5%) within raccoon populations, suggesting that raccoons develop little or no rabies immune class. These results encourage the use of data obtained through wildlife surveillance in assessing and refining epidemic models for wildlife diseases. JF - Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, USA AU - Childs, JE AU - Curns, A T AU - Dey, ME AU - Real, LA AU - Feinstein, L AU - Bjoernstad, ON AU - Krebs, J W AD - Viral and Rickettsial Zoonoses Branch and Office of the Director, Division of Viral and Rickettsial Diseases, National Center for Infectious Diseases, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, 1600 Clifton Road MSG13, Atlanta, GA 30333, jfc5@cdc.gov Y1 - 2000/12/05/ PY - 2000 DA - 2000 Dec 05 SP - 13666 EP - 13671 VL - 97 IS - 25 SN - 0027-8424, 0027-8424 KW - raccoon KW - Raccoon KW - USA KW - Virology & AIDS Abstracts; Ecology Abstracts KW - Mathematical models KW - Epidemiology KW - Rabies KW - Epizootiology KW - Procyon lotor KW - Rabies virus KW - Population dynamics KW - V 22143:Epizootiology KW - D 04700:Management UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/17742454?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aecology&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Proceedings+of+the+National+Academy+of+Sciences%2C+USA&rft.atitle=Predicting+the+local+dynamics+of+epizootic+rabies+among+raccoons+in+the+United+States&rft.au=Childs%2C+JE%3BCurns%2C+A+T%3BDey%2C+ME%3BReal%2C+LA%3BFeinstein%2C+L%3BBjoernstad%2C+ON%3BKrebs%2C+J+W&rft.aulast=Childs&rft.aufirst=JE&rft.date=2000-12-05&rft.volume=97&rft.issue=25&rft.spage=13666&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Proceedings+of+the+National+Academy+of+Sciences%2C+USA&rft.issn=00278424&rft_id=info:doi/10.1073%2Fpnas.240326697 LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Rabies virus; Procyon lotor; Rabies; Population dynamics; Epizootiology; Mathematical models; Epidemiology DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1073/pnas.240326697 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Neurodevelopmental effects: making the case for biologic plausibility. AN - 72582494; 11233767 AB - It has been suggested that the most critical missing link between science and policy is causality; that is, the establishment of a definite cause-effect relationship between exposure and adverse health effects. As has been clearly demonstrated by the decades-long tobacco debate, causality is extremely difficult to establish with absolute certainty, particularly in the minds of scientists. Because of this, it has been suggested that a "weight of evidence" approach based on biologic plausibility should be used as a surrogate for causality when translating science into policy and public health practice. In the case of neurodevelopmental effects, the case for biologic plausibility is supported by scientific findings from three broad areas consisting of wildlife biology, toxicology, and epidemiology. A striking example of this is provided by research findings from the Great Lakes Basin, an area which has been the focus of significant scientific research for the last thirty years in these three broad areas. In this paper, we examine relevant findings from the Great Lakes Basin and elsewhere as they relate to establishing and supporting the biologic plausibility of neurodevelopmental effects associated with environmental exposures to persistent toxic substances. JF - Neurotoxicology AU - De Rosa, C T AU - Hicks, H E AU - Cibulas, W AU - Jones, D E AD - U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, Agency for Toxic Substances and Disease Registry, Atlanta, Georgia 30333, USA. cydo@cdc.gov Y1 - 2000/12// PY - 2000 DA - December 2000 SP - 979 EP - 987 VL - 21 IS - 6 SN - 0161-813X, 0161-813X KW - Environmental Pollutants KW - 0 KW - Index Medicus KW - Animals KW - Great Lakes Region -- epidemiology KW - Humans KW - United States -- epidemiology KW - Environmental Illness -- epidemiology KW - Environmental Pollutants -- toxicity KW - Nervous System -- drug effects KW - Environmental Illness -- chemically induced KW - Nervous System -- growth & development UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/72582494?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Neurotoxicology&rft.atitle=Neurodevelopmental+effects%3A+making+the+case+for+biologic+plausibility.&rft.au=De+Rosa%2C+C+T%3BHicks%2C+H+E%3BCibulas%2C+W%3BJones%2C+D+E&rft.aulast=De+Rosa&rft.aufirst=C&rft.date=2000-12-01&rft.volume=21&rft.issue=6&rft.spage=979&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Neurotoxicology&rft.issn=0161813X&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 2001-05-24 N1 - Date created - 2001-03-06 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Gender differences in sexual behaviors and factors associated with nonuse of condoms among homeless and runaway youths. AN - 72565839; 11220501 AB - Few studies have examined gender-specific factors associated with the nonuse of condoms among homeless and runaway youths (HRYs)-a population at high risk for HIV infection. In this article, we evaluate these factors and explore gender differences in background experiences, psychosocial functioning, and risk behaviors among HRYs from four U.S. metropolitan areas. Of 879 sexually active HRYs sampled, approximately 70% reported unprotected sexual intercourse during a 6-month period, and nearly a quarter reported never using condoms in the same period. Among males and females, having only one sex partner in the previous 6 months had the strongest association with nonuse of condoms. Among males, nonuse was also associated with having ever caused pregnancy, frequent marijuana use, prior physical victimization, and low self-control and sociability. Among females, nonuse was associated with knowledge of HIV status, prior sexual victimization, low social support, and infrequent marijuana use. These findings highlight the ongoing need for HIV prevention services for HRYs. Implications for the scope and content of these services are discussed. JF - AIDS education and prevention : official publication of the International Society for AIDS Education AU - MacKellar, D A AU - Valleroy, L A AU - Hoffmann, J P AU - Glebatis, D AU - Lalota, M AU - McFarland, W AU - Westerholm, J AU - Janssen, R S AD - National Center for HIV/STD/TB Prevention, Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA 30333, USA. dym4@cdc.gov Y1 - 2000/12// PY - 2000 DA - December 2000 SP - 477 EP - 491 VL - 12 IS - 6 SN - 0899-9546, 0899-9546 KW - Index Medicus KW - AIDS/HIV KW - United States KW - Adolescent Behavior KW - Sex Factors KW - Humans KW - Adult KW - Substance-Related Disorders KW - Data Collection KW - Adolescent KW - Male KW - Female KW - Sexual Behavior KW - Condoms -- utilization KW - HIV Infections -- prevention & control KW - Homeless Youth -- psychology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/72565839?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=AIDS+education+and+prevention+%3A+official+publication+of+the+International+Society+for+AIDS+Education&rft.atitle=Gender+differences+in+sexual+behaviors+and+factors+associated+with+nonuse+of+condoms+among+homeless+and+runaway+youths.&rft.au=MacKellar%2C+D+A%3BValleroy%2C+L+A%3BHoffmann%2C+J+P%3BGlebatis%2C+D%3BLalota%2C+M%3BMcFarland%2C+W%3BWesterholm%2C+J%3BJanssen%2C+R+S&rft.aulast=MacKellar&rft.aufirst=D&rft.date=2000-12-01&rft.volume=12&rft.issue=6&rft.spage=477&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=AIDS+education+and+prevention+%3A+official+publication+of+the+International+Society+for+AIDS+Education&rft.issn=08999546&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 2001-04-05 N1 - Date created - 2001-02-23 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Post-exposure prophylaxis after occupational and non-occupational exposures to HIV: an overview of the policies implemented in 27 European countries. AN - 72555521; 11177447 AB - The aim of this survey, which was part of an English-French project supported by the Commission of the European Communities, was to compare access to HIV post-exposure prophylaxis (PEP) in the occupational and non-occupational contexts in 27 European countries. A protocol was designed in May 1998 in collaboration with all country consultants. Data were collected at country level by each consultant through interviews, review of local and national recommendations and results of national or local surveys. The final comparative analysis was carried out from the individual country reports and a review of the literature. The large majority of European countries have detailed procedures regarding occupational PEP: 20/27 have produced national guidelines, three have adopted the US CDC recommendations and only four have no official recommendations. Although no standard protocol exists, the more common one is a four-week implementation of a triple combination therapy. In the context of non-occupational exposure to HIV, only five countries have guidelines with specific recommendations and one country has adopted the CDC recommendations. In the majority of cases (13 countries), PEP is never recommended but is only available in a few circumstances, sometimes with major limitations. In the last eight countries, such PEP is not currently available. Although the estimations of HIV transmission risks in occupational and non-occupational contexts are really comparables, easy access to PEP after accidental sexual or blood exposures is not guaranteed for the general population in the majority of European countries. JF - AIDS care AU - Rey, D AU - Bendiane, M K AU - Moatti, J P AU - Wellings, K AU - Danziger, R AU - MacDowall, W AU - European Study Group on HIV Testing Policies and Practices in Europe AD - Regional Center for Disease Control of South Eastern France, ORS PACA, Marseille, France. rey@marseille.inserm.fr ; European Study Group on HIV Testing Policies and Practices in Europe Y1 - 2000/12// PY - 2000 DA - December 2000 SP - 695 EP - 701 VL - 12 IS - 6 SN - 0954-0121, 0954-0121 KW - Anti-HIV Agents KW - 0 KW - Index Medicus KW - AIDS/HIV KW - Drug Therapy, Combination KW - Risk-Taking KW - Humans KW - Premedication KW - Practice Guidelines as Topic KW - Europe KW - Health Care Costs KW - Occupational Exposure KW - Anti-HIV Agents -- therapeutic use KW - HIV Infections -- transmission KW - HIV Infections -- prevention & control KW - Anti-HIV Agents -- economics KW - HIV Infections -- economics KW - Health Policy UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/72555521?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=AIDS+care&rft.atitle=Post-exposure+prophylaxis+after+occupational+and+non-occupational+exposures+to+HIV%3A+an+overview+of+the+policies+implemented+in+27+European+countries.&rft.au=Rey%2C+D%3BBendiane%2C+M+K%3BMoatti%2C+J+P%3BWellings%2C+K%3BDanziger%2C+R%3BMacDowall%2C+W%3BEuropean+Study+Group+on+HIV+Testing+Policies+and+Practices+in+Europe&rft.aulast=Rey&rft.aufirst=D&rft.date=2000-12-01&rft.volume=12&rft.issue=6&rft.spage=695&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=AIDS+care&rft.issn=09540121&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 2001-03-01 N1 - Date created - 2001-02-20 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Explosive spread and effective control of human immunodeficiency virus in northernmost Thailand: the epidemic in Chiang Rai province, 1988-99. AN - 72519328; 11125892 AB - The human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) epidemic began in Asia later than most in other regions but then spread very rapidly. Upper northern Thailand was severely affected, with among the highest infection rates in Asia. The first 12 years of the HIV epidemic in Chiang Rai, Thailand's northernmost province are described. HIV infection was not reported in Chiang Rai until 1988 but, within a few years more than half of the brothel-based female sex workers and one in six of 21-year-old male Royal Thai Army conscripts from the province were HIV infected. Infection rates in Chiang Rai have since declined following an aggressive prevention campaign, but the number of AIDS cases continues to mount, along with profound demographic, social and economic effects. JF - AIDS (London, England) AU - Kilmarx, P H AU - Supawitkul, S AU - Wankrairoj, M AU - Uthaivoravit, W AU - Limpakarnjanarat, K AU - Saisorn, S AU - Mastro, T D AD - HIV/AIDS Collaboration, Ministry of Public Health, Nonthaburi, Thailand. pbk4@cdc.gov Y1 - 2000/12/01/ PY - 2000 DA - 2000 Dec 01 SP - 2731 EP - 2740 VL - 14 IS - 17 SN - 0269-9370, 0269-9370 KW - Index Medicus KW - AIDS/HIV KW - Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome -- therapy KW - Humans KW - Child KW - Tuberculosis -- epidemiology KW - AIDS-Related Opportunistic Infections -- epidemiology KW - HIV Seropositivity -- complications KW - HIV Seropositivity -- therapy KW - Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome -- prevention & control KW - Infant KW - Extramarital Relations KW - Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome -- epidemiology KW - Adult KW - Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome -- transmission KW - Thailand -- epidemiology KW - Program Evaluation KW - Male KW - Infectious Disease Transmission, Vertical -- statistics & numerical data KW - AIDS-Related Opportunistic Infections -- complications KW - Safe Sex -- statistics & numerical data KW - Infant, Newborn KW - HIV Seropositivity -- transmission KW - Child, Preschool KW - Socioeconomic Factors KW - Tuberculosis -- complications KW - Needle Sharing KW - Blood Transfusion KW - HIV Seropositivity -- epidemiology KW - Female KW - Substance Abuse, Intravenous KW - Sexual Behavior -- statistics & numerical data KW - HIV Infections -- transmission KW - HIV Infections -- therapy KW - HIV Infections -- prevention & control KW - HIV Infections -- epidemiology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/72519328?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=AIDS+%28London%2C+England%29&rft.atitle=Explosive+spread+and+effective+control+of+human+immunodeficiency+virus+in+northernmost+Thailand%3A+the+epidemic+in+Chiang+Rai+province%2C+1988-99.&rft.au=Kilmarx%2C+P+H%3BSupawitkul%2C+S%3BWankrairoj%2C+M%3BUthaivoravit%2C+W%3BLimpakarnjanarat%2C+K%3BSaisorn%2C+S%3BMastro%2C+T+D&rft.aulast=Kilmarx&rft.aufirst=P&rft.date=2000-12-01&rft.volume=14&rft.issue=17&rft.spage=2731&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=AIDS+%28London%2C+England%29&rft.issn=02699370&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 2001-03-08 N1 - Date created - 2000-12-26 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Immunotoxicology: role of inflammation in chemical-induced hepatotoxicity. AN - 72472289; 11137622 AB - The liver, which is the major organ responsible for the metabolism of drugs and chemicals, is also the primary target organ for many toxic chemicals. Increasing evidence has indicated that inflammatory processes are intimately involved in chemical-induced hepatotoxic processes, and like other inflammatory diseases, such as autoimmunity, are responsible for producing mediators which can effect liver damage or repair. This review will summarize the authors' current understanding of how inflammatory processes influence hepatic pathology and repair following exposure to established hepatotoxic chemicals including carbon tetrachloride (CCl4), an industrial chemical, and acetaminophen (APAP), a widely used analgesic. JF - International journal of immunopharmacology AU - Luster, M I AU - Simeonova, P P AU - Gallucci, R M AU - Matheson, J M AU - Yucesoy, B AD - Toxicology and Molecular Biology Branch, Health Effects Laboratory Division, National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, 1095 Willowdale Road, Morgantown, WV 26505-2888, USA. mluster@cdc.gov Y1 - 2000/12// PY - 2000 DA - December 2000 SP - 1143 EP - 1147 VL - 22 IS - 12 SN - 0192-0561, 0192-0561 KW - Inflammation Mediators KW - 0 KW - Index Medicus KW - Animals KW - Necrosis KW - Humans KW - Inflammation Mediators -- physiology KW - Chemical and Drug Induced Liver Injury -- pathology KW - Chemical and Drug Induced Liver Injury -- immunology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/72472289?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=International+journal+of+immunopharmacology&rft.atitle=Immunotoxicology%3A+role+of+inflammation+in+chemical-induced+hepatotoxicity.&rft.au=Luster%2C+M+I%3BSimeonova%2C+P+P%3BGallucci%2C+R+M%3BMatheson%2C+J+M%3BYucesoy%2C+B&rft.aulast=Luster&rft.aufirst=M&rft.date=2000-12-01&rft.volume=22&rft.issue=12&rft.spage=1143&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=International+journal+of+immunopharmacology&rft.issn=01920561&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 2001-02-22 N1 - Date created - 2001-02-20 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Elevated blood lead levels and blood lead screening among US children aged one to five years: 1988-1994. AN - 72442176; 11099622 AB - To estimate the proportion of children 1 to 5 years of age who received blood lead testing during 1988-1994 and to assess whether predictors of testing coincided with predictors of elevated blood lead levels. Cross-sectional analysis of data from the Third National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey. Participants. US children 1 to 5 years of age. Outcome Measures. Prevalence of blood lead testing and elevated blood lead levels among children 1 to 5 years of age and odds ratios for factors predicting blood lead testing and elevated blood lead levels. Overall, 6.3% had elevated blood lead levels and 10.2% had undergone previous blood lead tests. Being of minority race/ethnicity, living in an older home, residing in the Northeast or Midwest regions of the United States, being on Medicaid, having a head of household with <12 years of education, and having a history of anemia were significant factors in both models. Additional independent risk factors for an elevated blood lead level included being sampled in phase 1 of the survey, being 1 to 2 years of age, not having a regular doctor, and being sampled during the summer months. Additional independent correlates of a previous blood lead test included having moved less than twice in one's lifetime, having a female head of household, and having parents whose home language was English. Of an estimated 564 000 children 1 to 5 years of age who had elevated blood lead levels and no previous screening test in 1993, 62% were receiving Medicaid, 40% lived in homes built before 1946, and 34% were black, non-Hispanic. Lead screening was more frequent among children with risk factors for lead exposure. However, among children with elevated blood lead levels, only one third had been tested previously. In 1993 an estimated 564 000 children 1 to 5 years of age had elevated blood lead levels but were never screened. Physicians should screen Medicaid-eligible children and should follow state or local health department recommendations about identifying and screening other at-risk children. In areas where no health department guidelines exist, physicians should screen all children or screen based on known risk factors. JF - Pediatrics AU - Kaufmann, R B AU - Clouse, T L AU - Olson, D R AU - Matte, T D AD - Division of Environmental Hazards and Health Effects, National Center for Environmental Health, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia, USA. rbk8@cdc.gov Y1 - 2000/12// PY - 2000 DA - December 2000 SP - 1 VL - 106 IS - 6 KW - Lead KW - 2P299V784P KW - Index Medicus KW - Odds Ratio KW - Humans KW - African Americans -- statistics & numerical data KW - Child, Preschool KW - Socioeconomic Factors KW - Infant KW - Cross-Sectional Studies KW - Hispanic Americans -- statistics & numerical data KW - Risk Factors KW - European Continental Ancestry Group KW - Incidence KW - United States -- epidemiology KW - Female KW - Male KW - Medicaid -- statistics & numerical data KW - Mass Screening -- statistics & numerical data KW - Lead Poisoning -- epidemiology KW - Lead Poisoning -- diagnosis KW - Lead -- blood UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/72442176?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Pediatrics&rft.atitle=Elevated+blood+lead+levels+and+blood+lead+screening+among+US+children+aged+one+to+five+years%3A+1988-1994.&rft.au=Kaufmann%2C+R+B%3BClouse%2C+T+L%3BOlson%2C+D+R%3BMatte%2C+T+D&rft.aulast=Kaufmann&rft.aufirst=R&rft.date=2000-12-01&rft.volume=106&rft.issue=6&rft.spage=E79&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Pediatrics&rft.issn=1098-4275&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 2000-12-14 N1 - Date created - 2000-12-05 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Acceptability of emergency department-based screening and brief intervention for alcohol problems. AN - 72440680; 11099429 AB - To adapt screening and brief intervention for alcohol problems (SBI) to a high-volume emergency department (ED) setting and evaluate its acceptability to patients. Patients at a large public-hospital ED were screened with the Alcohol Use Disorders Identification Test (AUDIT). Screen-positive drinkers (AUDIT score >/= 6) were provided brief, on-site counseling and referral as needed. Three months later, project staff blinded to baseline measures reassessed alcohol intake, alcohol-related harm, alcohol dependence symptoms, and readiness to change. Of 1, 034 patients approached, 78.3% (810) consented to participate (95% CI = 75.5% to 81.2%), and 21.2% (172) screened positive (95% CI = 18.4% to 24.0%). Of 88 patients with complete intervention data, 94.3% (83) accepted an intervention (95% CI = 89.5% to 99.2%), with acceptance rates ranging from 93% to 100% across four alcohol-problem-severity levels (p = 0.7). A majority (59.0%) set goals to decrease or stop drinking (95% CI = 48.4% to 69.6%). The group recontacted (n = 23) experienced statistically significant decreases in alcohol intake, alcohol-related harm, and dependence symptoms, with measures decreasing for 68%, 52%, and 61% of the patients. Readiness to change also showed statistically significant improvement, with scores increasing for 43% of the patients. Moreover, two-thirds of the patients (15/23) reported at follow-up that SBI was a helpful part of their ED visit. High rates of consent and acceptance of counseling for alcohol problems by patients across a wide range of problem severity indicate that this protocol was acceptable to at-risk patients in a public-hospital ED. Improvements in alcohol-related outcome measures at follow-up were strong enough to warrant controlled studies of intervention efficacy. JF - Academic emergency medicine : official journal of the Society for Academic Emergency Medicine AU - Hungerford, D W AU - Pollock, D A AU - Todd, K H AD - National Center for Injury Prevention and Control, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Department of Emergency Medicine, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, USA. dyh5@cdc.gov Y1 - 2000/12// PY - 2000 DA - December 2000 SP - 1383 EP - 1392 VL - 7 IS - 12 SN - 1069-6563, 1069-6563 KW - Index Medicus KW - Hospitals, Public KW - Logistic Models KW - Humans KW - Chi-Square Distribution KW - Adult KW - Referral and Consultation KW - Middle Aged KW - Counseling KW - Male KW - Female KW - Mass Screening KW - Alcoholism -- diagnosis KW - Emergency Service, Hospital UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/72440680?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Academic+emergency+medicine+%3A+official+journal+of+the+Society+for+Academic+Emergency+Medicine&rft.atitle=Acceptability+of+emergency+department-based+screening+and+brief+intervention+for+alcohol+problems.&rft.au=Hungerford%2C+D+W%3BPollock%2C+D+A%3BTodd%2C+K+H&rft.aulast=Hungerford&rft.aufirst=D&rft.date=2000-12-01&rft.volume=7&rft.issue=12&rft.spage=1383&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Academic+emergency+medicine+%3A+official+journal+of+the+Society+for+Academic+Emergency+Medicine&rft.issn=10696563&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 2001-01-26 N1 - Date created - 2001-01-25 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - SuppNotes - Comment In: Acad Emerg Med. 2000 Dec;7(12):1421-3 [11099434] N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Hepatitis C virus infection: prevalence, risk factors, and prevention opportunities among young injection drug users in Chicago, 1997-1999. AN - 72402965; 11069228 AB - The prevalence, risk factors, and prevention opportunities of hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection were studied in a large sample of 698 young adult injection drug users (IDUs) in Chicago, 18-30 years old. Participants were recruited between 1997 and 1999 by using street outreach, targeted advertising, and chain-referral methods. HCV infection prevalence was 27% and was strongly associated with both age and duration of injecting (P<.001). In multivariable analysis, sexual behaviors were unrelated to seropositivity. Independent drug-related risk factors included frequent injection, heavy crack smoking, injecting in a shooting gallery, and syringe-mediated sharing. Urban residents were more likely than suburban residents to be infected. Most research on hepatitis C has shown rapid spread of infection among IDUs, but these findings underscore that opportunities to identify IDUs uninfected with HCV may be greater than assumed and emphasize the need to target younger, newer IDUs. JF - The Journal of infectious diseases AU - Thorpe, L E AU - Ouellet, L J AU - Levy, J R AU - Williams, I T AU - Monterroso, E R AD - Division of Tuberculosis Elimination, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA 30333, USA. lht2@cdc.gov Y1 - 2000/12// PY - 2000 DA - December 2000 SP - 1588 EP - 1594 VL - 182 IS - 6 SN - 0022-1899, 0022-1899 KW - Crack Cocaine KW - 0 KW - Abridged Index Medicus KW - Index Medicus KW - Sexual Behavior KW - Regression Analysis KW - Chicago -- epidemiology KW - Risk Factors KW - Needle Sharing KW - Humans KW - Adult KW - Adolescent KW - Urban Population KW - Male KW - Female KW - Prevalence KW - Multivariate Analysis KW - Hepatitis C -- prevention & control KW - Hepatitis C -- etiology KW - Hepatitis C -- epidemiology KW - Substance Abuse, Intravenous -- complications UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/72402965?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Journal+of+infectious+diseases&rft.atitle=Hepatitis+C+virus+infection%3A+prevalence%2C+risk+factors%2C+and+prevention+opportunities+among+young+injection+drug+users+in+Chicago%2C+1997-1999.&rft.au=Thorpe%2C+L+E%3BOuellet%2C+L+J%3BLevy%2C+J+R%3BWilliams%2C+I+T%3BMonterroso%2C+E+R&rft.aulast=Thorpe&rft.aufirst=L&rft.date=2000-12-01&rft.volume=182&rft.issue=6&rft.spage=1588&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=The+Journal+of+infectious+diseases&rft.issn=00221899&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 2001-01-11 N1 - Date created - 2000-12-26 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Babesia microti and Borrelia bissettii transmission by Ixodes spinipalpis ticks among prairie voles, Microtus ochrogaster, in Colorado AN - 18555507; 5490169 AB - An endemic transmission cycle of Babesia microti was discovered in Colorado in the foothills of the Rocky Mountains. B. microti were found by PCR in 4 of 25 Ixodes spinipalpis tick pools tested (a 3 ; 2% minimum infection rate) and in 87% (13 of 15) of Microtus ochrogaster (the prairie vole) spleen and blood samples. Using naturally infected I. spinipalpis collected from wild-caught M. ochrogaster as vectors, S. microti and Borrelia bissettii were successfully transmitted to laboratory-born M. ochrogaster. Neither I. spinipalpis, nor M. ochrogaster (the prairie vole) have been previously reported as a vector or a reservoir host of B. microti. Unlike the east coast of the United States where Peromyscus leucopus is an important reservoir for B. microti, evidence for Peromyscus spp. (neither P. maniculatus nor P. difficilis) as B. microti reservoirs was not found in this study. JF - Parasitology AU - Burkot, T R AU - Schneider, B S AU - Pieniazek, N J AU - Happ, C M AU - Rutherford, J S AU - Slemenda, S B AU - Hoffmeister, E AU - Maupin, GO AU - Zeidner, N S AD - Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Division of Vector-Borne Infectious Diseases, PO Box 2087, Fort Collins, CO 80522-2087, USA, naz2@cdc.gov Y1 - 2000/12// PY - 2000 DA - Dec 2000 SP - 595 EP - 599 VL - 121 IS - 6 SN - 0031-1820, 0031-1820 KW - Prairie vole KW - Ticks KW - Voles KW - Microbiology Abstracts C: Algology, Mycology & Protozoology; Microbiology Abstracts B: Bacteriology; Entomology Abstracts KW - K 03090:Protozoa: human KW - J 02862:Infection KW - Z 05206:Medical & veterinary entomology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/18555507?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologyb&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Parasitology&rft.atitle=Babesia+microti+and+Borrelia+bissettii+transmission+by+Ixodes+spinipalpis+ticks+among+prairie+voles%2C+Microtus+ochrogaster%2C+in+Colorado&rft.au=Burkot%2C+T+R%3BSchneider%2C+B+S%3BPieniazek%2C+N+J%3BHapp%2C+C+M%3BRutherford%2C+J+S%3BSlemenda%2C+S+B%3BHoffmeister%2C+E%3BMaupin%2C+GO%3BZeidner%2C+N+S&rft.aulast=Burkot&rft.aufirst=T&rft.date=2000-12-01&rft.volume=121&rft.issue=6&rft.spage=595&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Parasitology&rft.issn=00311820&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Outbreak of Legionnaires' disease associated with a display whirlpool spa AN - 18293601; 5337326 AB - Background Recognized outbreaks of Legionnaires' disease (LD) are rare; when they occur, they provide opportunities to understand the epidemiology of the illness and improve prevention strategies. We investigated a population-based outbreak. Methods After the confirmation of LD in October 1996 in five people in neighbouring towns in southwest Virginia, active surveillance for additional cases was undertaken. A case-control study was conducted to identify exposures associated with illness, followed by a cohort study among employees of the facility at which the source of the outbreak was located in order to assess unrecognized exposure and illness. Samples of likely sources of LD in the facility were cultured for Legionella. Results In all, 23 laboratory-confirmed cases of LD were eventually identified. Of the 15 cases in the case-control study, 14 (93%) reported visiting a home-improvement store, compared with 12 (27%) of 45 controls (matched odds ratio [MOR] = 23.3; 95% CI: 3-182). Among home-improvement centre patrons, 10 (77%) of 13 cases questioned recalled either visiting or walking by a display whirlpool spa, compared with 3 (25%) of 12 controls (MOR = 5.5; 95% CI: 0.7-256.0). Two cases' sputum isolates were an exact match, by monoclonal antibody subtyping and arbitrarily primed polymerase chain reaction, to a whirlpool spa filter isolate from the store. Employees reporting more exposure to the display spas were more likely to report symptoms of LD or to have an elevated titre. Conclusions This investigation shows that LD can be transmitted from a whirlpool spa used for display only, and highlights the need for minimizing the risk of transmission of LD from all water-filled spas. JF - International Journal of Epidemiology AU - Benkel, D H AU - McClure, E M AU - Woolard, D AU - Rullan, J V AU - Miller, GB Jr AU - Jenkins AU - Hershey, J H AU - Benson, R F AU - Pruckler, J M AU - Brown, E W AU - Kolczak AU - Hackler, R L AU - Rouse, B S AU - Breiman, R F AD - Epidemic Intelligence Service, Office of Epidemiology, Virginia Department of Health (VDH), Richmond, VA and Epidemiology Program Office, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), Atlanta, GA, USA Y1 - 2000/12// PY - 2000 DA - Dec 2000 SP - 1092 EP - 1098 VL - 29 IS - 6 SN - 0300-5771, 0300-5771 KW - Legionarres' Disease KW - USA, Virginia KW - Water Resources Abstracts KW - Recreation KW - Epidemiology KW - Human Diseases KW - Case Studies KW - Microorganisms KW - SW 3030:Effects of pollution UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/18293601?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Awaterresources&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=International+Journal+of+Epidemiology&rft.atitle=Outbreak+of+Legionnaires%27+disease+associated+with+a+display+whirlpool+spa&rft.au=Benkel%2C+D+H%3BMcClure%2C+E+M%3BWoolard%2C+D%3BRullan%2C+J+V%3BMiller%2C+GB+Jr%3BJenkins%3BHershey%2C+J+H%3BBenson%2C+R+F%3BPruckler%2C+J+M%3BBrown%2C+E+W%3BKolczak%3BHackler%2C+R+L%3BRouse%2C+B+S%3BBreiman%2C+R+F&rft.aulast=Benkel&rft.aufirst=D&rft.date=2000-12-01&rft.volume=29&rft.issue=6&rft.spage=1092&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=International+Journal+of+Epidemiology&rft.issn=03005771&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Last updated - 2015-03-24 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Recreation; Epidemiology; Human Diseases; Case Studies; Microorganisms ER - TY - JOUR T1 - HIV-1 Seroprevalence, Risk Factors, and Preventive Behaviors Among Women in Northern Thailand AN - 18020415; 4853987 AB - To study HIV-1 seroprevalence, risk factors, and preventive behaviors among reproductive-age women in northern Thailand, 804 consenting women who were identified postpartum or who were visiting family planning clinics were interviewed and tested during 1998 to 1999. Almost all women were currently married and had been pregnant more than once. Their median age was 27 years. HIV-1 seroprevalence was 3.1% overall and was higher in women aged between 25 and 29 years (5.9%), having had greater than or equal to 2 lifetime sex partners (6.5%), or whose current marriage had lasted for less than or equal to 1 year (7.0%). No woman reported HIV risk factors other than heterosexual sex. Most (76%) HIV-infected women reported no casual sex partners and, therefore, had likely acquired the infection from their husbands. HIV testing and partner communications were common, but only 2% of couples used condoms consistently in the prior 6 months. Nearly half of these women perceived themselves at no or low risk for HIV infection; these women were less likely to have taken preventive actions. To prevent HIV transmission in stable partnerships in this population, additional efforts are needed to increase HIV testing and condom use, to improve women's negotiation skills, and to develop new methods that do not require partner cooperation such as vaginal microbicides or vaccines. JF - JAIDS Journal of Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndromes AU - Xu, Fujie AU - Kilmarx, PH AU - Supawitkul, S AU - Yanpaisarn, S AU - Limpakarnjanarat, K AU - Manopaiboon, C AU - Korattana, S AU - Mastro, T D AU - St Louis, ME AD - 1600 Clifton Road NE, Mailstop E02, Atlanta, GA 30333, USA, fax1@cdc.gov Y1 - 2000/12// PY - 2000 DA - Dec 2000 SP - 353 EP - 359 VL - 25 IS - 4 SN - 1525-4135, 1525-4135 KW - HIV KW - HIV-1 KW - condoms KW - sexual behavior KW - Risk Abstracts; Health & Safety Science Abstracts; Virology & AIDS Abstracts KW - Risk assessment KW - Acquired immune deficiency syndrome KW - Thailand KW - Sexual behavior KW - Human immunodeficiency virus KW - Human immunodeficiency virus 1 KW - H 11000:Diseases/Injuries/Trauma KW - V 22005:AIDS: Epidemiological aspects KW - R2 23060:Medical and environmental health UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/18020415?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Ariskabstracts&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=JAIDS+Journal+of+Acquired+Immune+Deficiency+Syndromes&rft.atitle=HIV-1+Seroprevalence%2C+Risk+Factors%2C+and+Preventive+Behaviors+Among+Women+in+Northern+Thailand&rft.au=Xu%2C+Fujie%3BKilmarx%2C+PH%3BSupawitkul%2C+S%3BYanpaisarn%2C+S%3BLimpakarnjanarat%2C+K%3BManopaiboon%2C+C%3BKorattana%2C+S%3BMastro%2C+T+D%3BSt+Louis%2C+ME&rft.aulast=Xu&rft.aufirst=Fujie&rft.date=2000-12-01&rft.volume=25&rft.issue=4&rft.spage=353&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=JAIDS+Journal+of+Acquired+Immune+Deficiency+Syndromes&rft.issn=15254135&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Human immunodeficiency virus; Human immunodeficiency virus 1; Thailand; Risk assessment; Acquired immune deficiency syndrome; Sexual behavior ER - TY - JOUR T1 - HIV in Vietnam: The Evolving Epidemic and the Prevention Response, 1996 Through 1999 AN - 18019847; 4853988 AB - To describe epidemiologic patterns and trends in HIV infection in Vietnam from 1996 through 1999, and to summarize the national response to the epidemic. We reviewed nationwide HIV case reports, and we analyzed annual seroprevalence among different sentinel populations in 21 provinces, using the chi super(2) test for linear trend to assess trends in HIV prevalence. HIV prevention efforts were also reviewed. Through 1999, 17,046 HIV infections, including 2947 AIDS cases and 1523 deaths had been reported in Vietnam. The cumulative incidence rate for the country was 22.5 per 100,000 population. Injection drug users (IDUs) represented 89.0% of all those for whom risk was reported before 1997 and 88.0% in the period 1997 to 1999. In 1999, HIV prevalence rates among IDUs ranged by province from 0% to 89.4%. Significantly increasing HIV trends among IDUs (p < .05) were found in 14 of the 21 sentinel provinces during 1996 to 1999. HIV prevalence among commercial sex workers (CSWs) ranged from 0% to 13.2%, increased significantly in 6 of 21 provinces. In 1999, prevalence among pregnant women, blood donors, and military recruits were 0.12%, 0.20% and 0.61%, respectively. Major prevention activities include mass information; peer education and outreach among groups at increased risk; availability of low-cost syringes and condoms through pharmacies; needle exchange pilot projects; widely available treatment for sexually transmitted diseases; antibody screening of blood for transfusion; and free medical treatment at government hospitals. The HIV epidemic continues to evolve rapidly, intensifying among IDUs and increasing among CSWs. Serosurveillance indicators of HIV in the population at large continue to indicate the relatively slow extension beyond those at highest risk. Immediate, intensive preventions in high-risk groups may decelerate expansion to the broader population. JF - JAIDS Journal of Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndromes AU - Quan, Vu Minh AU - Chung, A AU - Long, Hoang Thuy AU - Dondero, T J AD - Division of HIV/AIDS Prevention - Surveillance and Epidemiology, National Center for HIV, STD, and TB Prevention, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, 1600 Clifton Road, Mailstop E-46, Atlanta, GA 30333, USA, vaq1@cdc.gov Y1 - 2000/12// PY - 2000 DA - Dec 2000 SP - 360 EP - 369 VL - 25 IS - 4 SN - 1525-4135, 1525-4135 KW - HIV KW - Vietnam KW - drug abuse KW - prostitution KW - sexual behavior KW - Health & Safety Science Abstracts; Virology & AIDS Abstracts KW - Risk assessment KW - Acquired immune deficiency syndrome KW - Human immunodeficiency virus KW - Prostitution KW - Drug abuse KW - H 11000:Diseases/Injuries/Trauma KW - V 22005:AIDS: Epidemiological aspects UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/18019847?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Ahealthsafetyabstracts&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=JAIDS+Journal+of+Acquired+Immune+Deficiency+Syndromes&rft.atitle=HIV+in+Vietnam%3A+The+Evolving+Epidemic+and+the+Prevention+Response%2C+1996+Through+1999&rft.au=Quan%2C+Vu+Minh%3BChung%2C+A%3BLong%2C+Hoang+Thuy%3BDondero%2C+T+J&rft.aulast=Quan&rft.aufirst=Vu&rft.date=2000-12-01&rft.volume=25&rft.issue=4&rft.spage=360&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=JAIDS+Journal+of+Acquired+Immune+Deficiency+Syndromes&rft.issn=15254135&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Human immunodeficiency virus; Vietnam; Acquired immune deficiency syndrome; Risk assessment; Drug abuse; Prostitution ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Identification of Species and Sources of Cryptosporidium Oocysts in Storm Waters with a Small-Subunit rRNA-Based Diagnostic and Genotyping Tool AN - 18016949; 4869099 AB - The identification of Cryptosporidium oocysts in environmental samples is largely made by the use of an immunofluorescent assay. In this study, we have used a small- subunit rRNA-based PCR-restriction fragment length polymorphism technique to identify species and sources of Cryptosporidium oocysts present in 29 storm water samples collected from a stream in New York. A total of 12 genotypes were found in 27 positive samples; for 4 the species and probable origins were identified by sequence analysis, whereas the rest represent new genotypes from wildlife. Thus, this technique provides an alternative method for the detection and differentiation of Cryptosporidium parasites in environmental samples. JF - Applied and Environmental Microbiology AU - Xiao, L AU - Alderisio, K AU - Limor, J AU - Royer, M AU - Lal, A A AD - Division of Parasitic Diseases, National Center for Infectious Diseases, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Building 22, Mail Stop F-12, 4770Buford Highway, Atlanta, GA 30341-3717, LAX0@CDC.GOV Y1 - 2000/12// PY - 2000 DA - Dec 2000 SP - 5492 EP - 5498 VL - 66 IS - 12 SN - 0099-2240, 0099-2240 KW - genotypes KW - identification KW - rRNA KW - ASFA 1: Biological Sciences & Living Resources; Biochemistry Abstracts 2: Nucleic Acids; Water Resources Abstracts; Aqualine Abstracts; Microbiology Abstracts C: Algology, Mycology & Protozoology KW - Parasites KW - Oocysts KW - Water Analysis KW - DNA probes KW - Pathogens KW - Genotypes KW - Microbial contamination KW - Identification KW - Cysts KW - Water analysis KW - Storm sewage KW - USA, New York KW - Storm Water KW - Protozoa KW - Storm water KW - Cryptosporidium KW - Intestinal protozoa KW - Oocytes KW - Pathogenic organism KW - Environmental surveys KW - SW 5010:Network design KW - AQ 00003:Monitoring and Analysis of Water and Wastes KW - K 03071:Protozoa KW - N 14411:Isolation, occurrence & purification KW - Q1 08241:General UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/18016949?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aaqualine&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Applied+and+Environmental+Microbiology&rft.atitle=Identification+of+Species+and+Sources+of+Cryptosporidium+Oocysts+in+Storm+Waters+with+a+Small-Subunit+rRNA-Based+Diagnostic+and+Genotyping+Tool&rft.au=Xiao%2C+L%3BAlderisio%2C+K%3BLimor%2C+J%3BRoyer%2C+M%3BLal%2C+A+A&rft.aulast=Xiao&rft.aufirst=L&rft.date=2000-12-01&rft.volume=66&rft.issue=12&rft.spage=5492&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Applied+and+Environmental+Microbiology&rft.issn=00992240&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Last updated - 2014-05-06 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Parasites; Microbial contamination; Genotypes; Cysts; Identification; Environmental surveys; Oocysts; Storm water; DNA probes; Oocytes; Intestinal protozoa; Pathogenic organism; Storm sewage; Water analysis; Storm Water; Protozoa; Water Analysis; Cryptosporidium; Pathogens; USA, New York ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Bird nesting ecology in a forest defoliated by gypsy moths AN - 17839888; 4876958 AB - Acadian Flycatcher (Empidonax virescens, n = 55), Indigo Bunting (Passerina cyanea, n = 60), Eastern Towhee (Pipilo erythrophthalmus, n = 41), and Wood Thrush (Hylocichla mustelina, n = 62) nests were monitored during 1995-1996 in the eastern panhandle of West Virginia, at the Sleepy Creek Wildlife Management Area. The objective of this study was to relate the outcomes of bird nests to surrounding habitat characteristics in an area that experienced heavy tree mortality from prior defoliation by the gypsy moth (Lymantria dispar). Large (> 22.9 cm dbh) standing snags in the nest patch were not associated with nest failure for any of the four bird species. Very large diameter (> 38.1 cm dbh) live trees and snags and reduced canopy cover increased the chances of Brown-headed Cowbird (Molothrus ater) parasitism only for Indigo Buntings. Nest patches of all four species differed in vegetation characteristics from random plots in similar habitat, typically by having greater densities of species' preferred nesting substrate in the nest patch. Gypsy moth defoliation, which can result in an increase in snags and opened canopy, is not likely to be a devastating ecological event for shrub and sub-canopy nesting avian species, and can create more nesting habitat for many species that use a dense forest understory. JF - Wilson Bulletin AU - Bell, J L AU - Whitmore, R C AD - Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, Division of Safety Research, 1095 Willowdale Road, MS/P-1133, Morgantown, WV 26505-2888, USA, jbell@cdc.gov Y1 - 2000/12// PY - 2000 DA - Dec 2000 SP - 524 EP - 531 VL - 112 IS - 4 SN - 0043-5643, 0043-5643 KW - Gypsy Moth KW - Acadian flycatcher KW - Indigo bunting KW - Wood thrush KW - Eastern towhee KW - Lepidoptera KW - Aves KW - USA, West Virginia KW - Entomology Abstracts; Ecology Abstracts KW - Pest attack KW - Passerina cyanea KW - Hylocichla mustelina KW - Forests KW - Breeding KW - Empidonax virescens KW - Defoliation KW - Population levels KW - Pipilo erythrophthalmus KW - Lymantria dispar KW - D 04671:Birds KW - Z 05205:Populations & general ecology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/17839888?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aecology&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Wilson+Bulletin&rft.atitle=Bird+nesting+ecology+in+a+forest+defoliated+by+gypsy+moths&rft.au=Bell%2C+J+L%3BWhitmore%2C+R+C&rft.aulast=Bell&rft.aufirst=J&rft.date=2000-12-01&rft.volume=112&rft.issue=4&rft.spage=524&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Wilson+Bulletin&rft.issn=00435643&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Lymantria dispar; Empidonax virescens; Pipilo erythrophthalmus; Passerina cyanea; Hylocichla mustelina; Population levels; Breeding; Defoliation; Forests; Pest attack ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Evaluation of Nucleic Acid Amplification Tests as Reference Tests for Chlamydia trachomatis Infections in Asymptomatic Men AN - 17836898; 4869747 AB - Urine ligase chain reaction (LCR) and PCR tests and urethral swab culture were compared for their abilities to detect Chlamydia trachomatis infection in 3, 639 asymptomatic men by using one-, two-, and three-test reference standards. Frozen urine at four of five participating centers was also tested by a transcription-mediated amplification assay which was used as a reference test. LCR increased the yield of positive results by 27% and PCR increased the yield of positive results by 26% over the yield of positive results by culture (n = 295). LCR and PCR sensitivities were similar, ranging from 80.4 to 93.5%, depending on the reference standard. Culture sensitivity was substantially less. A multiple-test standard yielded LCR, PCR, and culture specificities of 99.6%, with or without discrepant analysis. Test performance varied among centers partly due to different interpretations of the testing protocols. The study confirms that urine LCR and PCR for the detection of C. trachomatis have substantially improved sensitivities over that of urethral swab culture for testing of asymptomatic men, enabling screening of this important target group. These tests, perhaps in combination, are also candidate reference tests for the conduct of test evaluation studies. JF - Journal of Clinical Microbiology AU - Johnson, R E AU - Green, T A AU - Schachter, J AU - Jones, R B AU - Hook III, EW AU - Black, C M AU - Martin, D H AU - St, MELouis AU - Stamm, W E AD - Division of STD Prevention, M.S. E02, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, 1600Clifton Rd., Atlanta, GA 30333, rejl@cdc.gov Y1 - 2000/12// PY - 2000 DA - Dec 2000 SP - 4382 EP - 4386 VL - 38 IS - 12 SN - 0095-1137, 0095-1137 KW - man KW - diagnosis KW - tests KW - ligase chain reaction KW - Microbiology Abstracts A: Industrial & Applied Microbiology; Microbiology Abstracts B: Bacteriology KW - Tests KW - Polymerase chain reaction KW - Chlamydia trachomatis KW - Urinary tract KW - Diagnostic agents KW - J 02847:Genitourinary tract KW - A 01116:Bacteria UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/17836898?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologyb&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Clinical+Microbiology&rft.atitle=Evaluation+of+Nucleic+Acid+Amplification+Tests+as+Reference+Tests+for+Chlamydia+trachomatis+Infections+in+Asymptomatic+Men&rft.au=Johnson%2C+R+E%3BGreen%2C+T+A%3BSchachter%2C+J%3BJones%2C+R+B%3BHook+III%2C+EW%3BBlack%2C+C+M%3BMartin%2C+D+H%3BSt%2C+MELouis%3BStamm%2C+W+E&rft.aulast=Johnson&rft.aufirst=R&rft.date=2000-12-01&rft.volume=38&rft.issue=12&rft.spage=4382&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+Clinical+Microbiology&rft.issn=00951137&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Chlamydia trachomatis; Polymerase chain reaction; Diagnostic agents; Urinary tract; Tests ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Characterization of Spontaneous, In Vitro-Selected, Rifampin-Resistant Mutants of Mycobacterium tuberculosis Strain H37Rv AN - 17836412; 4869357 AB - Resistance to rifampin in Mycobacterium tuberculosis results from mutations in the gene coding for the beta subunit of RNA polymerase (rpoB). At least 95% of rifampin-resistant isolates have mutations in rpoB, and the mutations are clustered in a small region. About 40 distinct point mutations and in-frame insertions and deletions in rpoB have been identified, but point mutations in two codons, those coding for Ser sub(531) and His sub(526), are seen in about 70% of rifampin-resistant clinical isolates, with Ser sub(531)-to-Leu (TCG- to-TGG) mutations being by far the most common. To explore this phenomenon, we isolated independent, spontaneous, rifampin- resistant mutant versions of well-characterized M. tuberculosis laboratory strain H37Rv by plating 100 separate cultures, derived from a single low-density inoculum, onto rifampin-containing medium. Rifampin-resistant mutants were obtained from 64 of these cultures. Although we anticipated that the various point mutations would occur with approximately equal frequencies, sequencing the rpoB gene from one colony per plate revealed that 39 (60.9%) were Ser sub(531) to Leu. We conclude that, for unknown reasons, the associated rpoB mutation occurs at a substantially higher rate than other rpoB mutations. This higher mutation rate may contribute to the high percentage of this mutation seen in clinical isolates. JF - Antimicrobial Agents & Chemotherapy AU - Morlock, G P AU - Plikaytis, B B AU - Crawford, J T Y1 - 2000/12// PY - 2000 DA - Dec 2000 SP - 3298 EP - 3301 VL - 44 IS - 12 SN - 0066-4804, 0066-4804 KW - clinical isolates KW - mutation rates KW - rpoB gene KW - Microbiology Abstracts B: Bacteriology; Microbiology Abstracts A: Industrial & Applied Microbiology KW - Antimycobacterial agents KW - Drug resistance KW - Antitubercular agents KW - Rifampin KW - DNA-directed RNA polymerase KW - Mycobacterium tuberculosis KW - A 01065:Antimycobacterial KW - J 02814:Drug resistance UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/17836412?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologyb&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Antimicrobial+Agents+%26+Chemotherapy&rft.atitle=Characterization+of+Spontaneous%2C+In+Vitro-Selected%2C+Rifampin-Resistant+Mutants+of+Mycobacterium+tuberculosis+Strain+H37Rv&rft.au=Morlock%2C+G+P%3BPlikaytis%2C+B+B%3BCrawford%2C+J+T&rft.aulast=Morlock&rft.aufirst=G&rft.date=2000-12-01&rft.volume=44&rft.issue=12&rft.spage=3298&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Antimicrobial+Agents+%26+Chemotherapy&rft.issn=00664804&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Mycobacterium tuberculosis; Rifampin; Drug resistance; Antitubercular agents; Antimycobacterial agents; DNA-directed RNA polymerase ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Hazard Surveillance for Industrial Magnetic Fields: II. Field Characteristics from Waveform Measurements AN - 17764077; 4823921 AB - Magnetic field characteristics have been surveyed systematically in six factories with the Multiwave registered II waveform capture instrument. These six facilities manufactured plastics, pharmaceuticals, cement, liquid air products, aluminum parts, and aluminum-framed filters. The study goals were to survey the physical characteristics of magnetic fields that may be related to biological effects under various interaction mechanisms and to relate those characteristics to the field's sources. From 59 waveform measurements at worker locations near sources, we calculated the extremely low frequency (ELF) and static field magnitudes, their frequency characteristics, and spatial characteristics of the 60 Hz component. The RMS vector magnitude of the ELF magnetic field (the usual exposure metric in most studies) had medians ranging from 0.53 to 12.83 mu T in the six factories. The static magnetic field magnitudes had medians of 24.2-46.2 mu T, which is well below the geomagnetic reference field of 55.0 mu T because of shielding from steel structures. The maximum static field was 128.6 mu T near a DC motor. The frequency spectra of the most common fields is dominated by 60 Hz, and has a median total harmonic distortion equal to 14.8%. The most common higher frequencies are the third, fifth, and second harmonics of 60 Hz. However, magnetic fields in these workplaces had many other 60 Hz harmonics and non-harmonic frequencies due particularly to electric motors and computer monitors. The 60 Hz component magnetic fields have elliptical polarization with median axial ratio of 25.4%. The average proportion of the 60 Hz component parallel to the static field vector was 51.5 plus or minus 3.0%, which indicates a significant trend towards perpendicular orientation between these two field components. In this survey of only six factories, the Multiwave registered II measurements documented a wide diversity of complex magnetic field characteristics and non-sinusoidal waveforms. Although these characteristics are important to the various mechanisms postulated to explain biological effects, they are overlooked by the popular exposure assessment methods which only measure the ELF magnitude. Therefore, spot measurements with the Multiwave registered II or similar waveform capture instruments are necessary for a complete magnetic field exposure assessment. JF - Annals of Occupational Hygiene AU - Bowman, J D AU - Methner, M M AD - National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (Mail Stop C-27), 4676 Columbia Parkway, Cincinnati, OH 45226, USA, jdb0@cdc.gov Y1 - 2000/12// PY - 2000 DA - Dec 2000 SP - 615 EP - 633 VL - 44 IS - 8 SN - 0003-4878, 0003-4878 KW - magnetic fields KW - Risk Abstracts; Health & Safety Science Abstracts KW - Risk assessment KW - Hazards KW - Occupational exposure KW - R2 23080:Industrial and labor KW - H 8000:Radiation Safety/Electrical Safety UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/17764077?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Ariskabstracts&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Annals+of+Occupational+Hygiene&rft.atitle=Hazard+Surveillance+for+Industrial+Magnetic+Fields%3A+II.+Field+Characteristics+from+Waveform+Measurements&rft.au=Bowman%2C+J+D%3BMethner%2C+M+M&rft.aulast=Bowman&rft.aufirst=J&rft.date=2000-12-01&rft.volume=44&rft.issue=8&rft.spage=615&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Annals+of+Occupational+Hygiene&rft.issn=00034878&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Hazards; Occupational exposure; Risk assessment ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Hazard Surveillance for Industrial Magnetic Fields: I. Walkthrough Survey of Ambient Fields and Sources AN - 17759178; 4823920 AB - A walkthrough survey method was developed for measuring ambient magnetic fields (MFs) in industrial facilities as the first stage in hazard surveillance. This survey was designed to measure the mean and peak MF magnitudes at extremely low frequencies (ELFs), so that factories could be ranked by MF levels and prioritized for subsequent personal exposure monitoring. Sixty-two facilities from 13 Standard Industrial Classifications (SICs) with the highest monthly electric power usage were surveyed. To measure ambient MFs, a structured walkthrough survey with a special emphasis on workstations was conducted with an EMDEX-II meter in continuous operation, while MF sources were noted. The broadband MF data (40-800 Hz) for each facility were summarized with the geometric mean (GM) and the average of the five highest readings (Hi-5). The range of the GM magnetic field magnitude was 0.04-1.61 mu T, where the maximum was measured at a steel mill operating large electric furnaces. Maximum values for specific sources were highly variable across and within facilities (Hi-5 range: 1.0-530 mu T). Chemical and Allied Products (SIC 28) and Primary Metal Products (SIC 33) had facilities with GM and Hi-5 magnetic fields greater than any of the other industrial categories. However, the SIC categories were found to be poor predictors of the ambient MF in this sample of factories. A weak relationship was found between the facility-specific monthly electric power consumption and the GM magnetic field magnitude, but confidence limits were too broad to make meaningful exposure predictions from electric power data. Overall, 89% of the GMs were at or below 0.4 mu T, consistent with most other studies that collected industrial MF exposure data. The walkthrough survey is a practical way of measuring ambient MFs in a large number of workplaces, and should be evaluated with personal measurements as a screening method for hazard surveillance. JF - Annals of Occupational Hygiene AU - Methner, M M AU - Bowman, J D AD - National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (Mail Stop R-19), 4676 Columbia Parkway, Cincinnati, OH 45226, USA, mmm5@cdc.gov Y1 - 2000/12// PY - 2000 DA - Dec 2000 SP - 603 EP - 614 VL - 44 IS - 8 SN - 0003-4878, 0003-4878 KW - magnetic fields KW - Risk Abstracts; Health & Safety Science Abstracts KW - Risk assessment KW - Hazards KW - Occupational exposure KW - R2 23080:Industrial and labor KW - H 8000:Radiation Safety/Electrical Safety UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/17759178?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Ariskabstracts&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Annals+of+Occupational+Hygiene&rft.atitle=Hazard+Surveillance+for+Industrial+Magnetic+Fields%3A+I.+Walkthrough+Survey+of+Ambient+Fields+and+Sources&rft.au=Methner%2C+M+M%3BBowman%2C+J+D&rft.aulast=Methner&rft.aufirst=M&rft.date=2000-12-01&rft.volume=44&rft.issue=8&rft.spage=603&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Annals+of+Occupational+Hygiene&rft.issn=00034878&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Occupational exposure; Hazards; Risk assessment ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Predictors of pancreatic cancer mortality among a large cohort of United States adults AN - 17756701; 4821750 AB - Cigarette smoking is considered an important risk factor for pancreatic cancer, but other purported risk factors are less well established. To learn more about the epidemiology of this important cause of mortality we examined associations with a variety of possible risk factors for death from pancreatic cancer in a large, prospective study of United States adults. We used proportional hazards models to obtain adjusted estimates of relative risks (hazards ratios). During 14 years of follow-up, 3751 persons died of pancreatic cancer in a cohort of 483,109 men and 619,199 women who had no reported history of cancer at enrollment in 1982. Cigarette smoking at baseline was associated with fatal pancreatic cancer among men (multivariate relative risk [RR] = 2.1, 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.9-2.4) and among women (RR = 2.0, 95% CI 1.8-2.3). A trend in risk was observed with increasing number of cigarettes smoked per day among current smokers at baseline. With several variables included in separate models for men and women, we found additional factors to be predictive of pancreatic cancer mortality, including family history of pancreatic cancer, black race, diabetes, and increased body mass index. History of gallstones was predictive of pancreatic cancer among men. An inverse association with vegetable consumption was observed among men, that was not statistically significant. Our findings confirm that cigarette smoking is an important predictor of pancreatic cancer mortality, and identify several other factors that may contribute to increased risk. JF - Cancer Causes & Control AU - Coughlin, S S AU - Calle, EE AU - Patel, A V AU - Thun, MJ AD - Epidemiology and Health Services Research Branch, Division of Cancer Prevention and Control, National Center for Chronic Disease Prevention and Health Promotion, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, 4770 Buford Hwy., NE (K-55), Atlanta, GA 30341, USA Y1 - 2000/12// PY - 2000 DA - Dec 2000 SP - 915 EP - 923 VL - 11 IS - 10 SN - 0957-5243, 0957-5243 KW - man KW - Toxicology Abstracts KW - Risk assessment KW - Mortality KW - Multivariate analysis KW - Cigarette smoking KW - Pancreatic cancer KW - Cancer KW - X 24180:Social poisons & drug abuse UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/17756701?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxicologyabstracts&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Cancer+Causes+%26+Control&rft.atitle=Predictors+of+pancreatic+cancer+mortality+among+a+large+cohort+of+United+States+adults&rft.au=Coughlin%2C+S+S%3BCalle%2C+EE%3BPatel%2C+A+V%3BThun%2C+MJ&rft.aulast=Coughlin&rft.aufirst=S&rft.date=2000-12-01&rft.volume=11&rft.issue=10&rft.spage=915&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Cancer+Causes+%26+Control&rft.issn=09575243&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Pancreatic cancer; Mortality; Cancer; Cigarette smoking; Risk assessment; Multivariate analysis ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Factors Influencing a Communitywide Campaign to Administer Hepatitis A Vaccine to Men Who Have Sex With Men AN - 17749772; 4807581 AB - A hepatitis A outbreak among men who have sex with men (MSM) led to a publicly funded vaccination campaign. We evaluated the MSM community's response. A cohort of MSM from 5 community sites was surveyed. Thirty-four (19%) of 178 potential vaccine candidates received the vaccine during the campaign. We found a linear relation between the number of exposures to campaign information and the likelihood of vaccination (P<.001). Vaccination was independently associated with awareness of the outbreak and the vaccine, having had sexual relations with men for 12 years or longer, having recently consulted a physician, and routinely reading a local gay newspaper. The difficult task of vaccinating MSM can be aided by repetitive promotional messages, especially via the gay media. JF - American Journal of Public Health AU - Friedman AU - Blake, P A AU - Koehler, JE AU - Hutwagner, L C AU - Toomey, KE AD - Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Air Pollution and Respiratory Health Branch, 1600 Clifton Rd, Mailstop E17, Atlanta, GA 30333, USA, mff7@cdc.gov Y1 - 2000/12// PY - 2000 DA - Dec 2000 SP - 1942 EP - 1946 VL - 90 IS - 12 SN - 0090-0036, 0090-0036 KW - advertising KW - hepatitis A KW - homosexuality KW - outbreaks KW - vaccination KW - Health & Safety Science Abstracts; Risk Abstracts; Virology & AIDS Abstracts KW - Hepatitis A virus KW - Homosexuality KW - Vaccination KW - Public health KW - H 11000:Diseases/Injuries/Trauma KW - V 22097:Immunization: Vaccines & vaccination: Human KW - V 22124:Prophylaxis & control KW - R2 23060:Medical and environmental health UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/17749772?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Ariskabstracts&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=American+Journal+of+Public+Health&rft.atitle=Factors+Influencing+a+Communitywide+Campaign+to+Administer+Hepatitis+A+Vaccine+to+Men+Who+Have+Sex+With+Men&rft.au=Friedman%3BBlake%2C+P+A%3BKoehler%2C+JE%3BHutwagner%2C+L+C%3BToomey%2C+KE&rft.aulast=Friedman&rft.aufirst=&rft.date=2000-12-01&rft.volume=90&rft.issue=12&rft.spage=1942&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=American+Journal+of+Public+Health&rft.issn=00900036&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Hepatitis A virus; Public health; Vaccination; Homosexuality ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Epidemiologic investigation of respiratory morbidity at a nylon flock plant AN - 17730550; 4803183 AB - Background: A cluster of biopsy-confirmed interstitial lung disease among workers at a nylon flock plant led to a request for National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health investigators to conduct a health hazard evaluation. Methods: Part of the overall evaluation, reported here, involved a cross-sectional medical survey of current employees. The survey consisted of a questionnaire, spirometry and diffusing capacity testing, and chest radiograph. Results: Workers assigned to production and maintenance jobs reported frequent eye and throat irritation, respiratory symptoms, and systemic symptoms (i.e., generalized aches and fevers). Most reported improvement when away from work. Frequent respiratory/systemic symptom prevalence was significantly associated with departmental category, with days and hours worked per week, and with working on a flocking range. Compared to asymptomatic workers, symptomatic workers had similar mean ratios of forced expiratory volume in one second to forced vital capacity, but lower mean percent of predicted values for both forced vital capacity and diffusing capacity. All acceptable chest radiographs were classified as category 0 for small opacities. Conclusions: Findings of this study, along with those from studies reported elsewhere, implicate occupational exposure to flock-associated dust as a significant respiratory health hazard at this plant. JF - American Journal of Industrial Medicine AU - Washko, R M AU - Day, B AU - Parker, JE AU - Castellan, R M AU - Kreiss, K AD - Division of Respiratory Disease Studies, National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, 1095 Willowdale Road, Morgantown, WV 26505, USA, kxk2@cdc.gov Y1 - 2000/12// PY - 2000 DA - Dec 2000 SP - 628 EP - 638 VL - 38 IS - 6 SN - 0271-3586, 0271-3586 KW - man KW - nylon KW - respiratory tract diseases KW - Toxicology Abstracts; Health & Safety Science Abstracts; Pollution Abstracts KW - Dust KW - Morbidity KW - Respiratory tract diseases KW - Epidemiology KW - Occupational exposure KW - H 1000:Occupational Safety and Health KW - P 6000:TOXICOLOGY AND HEALTH KW - X 24152:Chronic exposure UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/17730550?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxicologyabstracts&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=American+Journal+of+Industrial+Medicine&rft.atitle=Epidemiologic+investigation+of+respiratory+morbidity+at+a+nylon+flock+plant&rft.au=Washko%2C+R+M%3BDay%2C+B%3BParker%2C+JE%3BCastellan%2C+R+M%3BKreiss%2C+K&rft.aulast=Washko&rft.aufirst=R&rft.date=2000-12-01&rft.volume=38&rft.issue=6&rft.spage=628&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=American+Journal+of+Industrial+Medicine&rft.issn=02713586&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Morbidity; Occupational exposure; Dust; Epidemiology; Respiratory tract diseases ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Public health consequences among first responders to emergency events associated with illicit methamphetamine laboratories--selected states, 1996-1999. AN - 72434085; 11098778 AB - Methamphetamine, a central nervous system stimulant, is manufactured in illicit laboratories using over-the-counter ingredients. Many of these ingredients are hazardous substances that when released from active or abandoned methamphetamine laboratories can place first responders at risk for serious injuries and death. In 16 states, the Agency for Toxic Substances and Disease Registry maintains the Hazardous Substances Emergency Events Surveillance (HSEES) system to collect and analyze data about the morbidity and mortality associated with hazardous substance-release events. Based on events reported to HSEES during 1996-1999, this report describes examples of events associated with illicit methamphetamine laboratories that resulted in injuries to first responders in three states, summarizes methamphetamine-laboratory events involving injured first responders, and suggests injury prevention methods to protect first responders. JF - MMWR. Morbidity and mortality weekly report AU - Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) AD - Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) Y1 - 2000/11/17/ PY - 2000 DA - 2000 Nov 17 SP - 1021 EP - 1024 VL - 49 IS - 45 SN - 0149-2195, 0149-2195 KW - Hazardous Substances KW - 0 KW - Street Drugs KW - Methamphetamine KW - 44RAL3456C KW - Index Medicus KW - United States KW - Oregon KW - Washington KW - Humans KW - Wounds and Injuries KW - Police KW - Iowa KW - Emergency Medical Technicians KW - Occupational Exposure KW - Allied Health Personnel KW - Accidents KW - Crime KW - Laboratories UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/72434085?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=MMWR.+Morbidity+and+mortality+weekly+report&rft.atitle=Public+health+consequences+among+first+responders+to+emergency+events+associated+with+illicit+methamphetamine+laboratories--selected+states%2C+1996-1999.&rft.au=Centers+for+Disease+Control+and+Prevention+%28CDC%29&rft.aulast=Centers+for+Disease+Control+and+Prevention+%28CDC%29&rft.aufirst=&rft.date=2000-11-17&rft.volume=49&rft.issue=45&rft.spage=1021&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=MMWR.+Morbidity+and+mortality+weekly+report&rft.issn=01492195&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 2000-12-07 N1 - Date created - 2000-11-30 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - State-specific prevalence of current cigarette smoking among adults and the proportion of adults who work in a smoke-free environment--United States, 1999. AN - 72430281; 11098860 AB - Tobacco use in the United States causes approximately 430,000 deaths each year, including an estimated 3000 deaths from lung cancer among nonsmokers exposed to environmental tobacco smoke (ETS). In addition, an estimated 62,000 coronary heart disease deaths annually among nonsmokers exposed to ETS. The detrimental health effects of exposure to ETS are well documented and include, in addition to lung cancer and coronary heart disease among adults, low birthweight and sudden infant death syndrome from exposure during and after pregnancy and asthma, bronchitis, and pneumonia in children. This report summarizes the 1999 prevalence of current cigarette smoking among adults by state and the proportion of persons who work indoors and who report that their workplaces have smoke-free policies. The findings indicate that in 1999, adult smoking prevalence differed more than two-fold across states (13.9%-31.5%) and that the proportion of persons who reported that their workplace had an official smoke-free policy ranged from 61.3%-82.1%. As the respondents' level of education increased, they were more likely to report working under a smoke-free policy. JF - MMWR. Morbidity and mortality weekly report AU - Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) AD - Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) Y1 - 2000/11/03/ PY - 2000 DA - 2000 Nov 03 SP - 978 EP - 982 VL - 49 IS - 43 SN - 0149-2195, 0149-2195 KW - Tobacco Smoke Pollution KW - 0 KW - Index Medicus KW - Humans KW - Adult KW - United States -- epidemiology KW - Prevalence KW - Tobacco Smoke Pollution -- prevention & control KW - Workplace -- legislation & jurisprudence KW - Smoking -- prevention & control KW - Smoking -- epidemiology KW - Workplace -- statistics & numerical data UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/72430281?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=MMWR.+Morbidity+and+mortality+weekly+report&rft.atitle=State-specific+prevalence+of+current+cigarette+smoking+among+adults+and+the+proportion+of+adults+who+work+in+a+smoke-free+environment--United+States%2C+1999.&rft.au=Centers+for+Disease+Control+and+Prevention+%28CDC%29&rft.aulast=Centers+for+Disease+Control+and+Prevention+%28CDC%29&rft.aufirst=&rft.date=2000-11-03&rft.volume=49&rft.issue=43&rft.spage=978&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=MMWR.+Morbidity+and+mortality+weekly+report&rft.issn=01492195&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 2000-12-07 N1 - Date created - 2000-11-30 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Suggestion of a cause-and-effect relationship among coal rank, airborne dust, and incidence of workers' pneumoconiosis. AN - 72518644; 11192209 JF - AIHAJ : a journal for the science of occupational and environmental health and safety AU - Page, S J AU - Organiscak, J A AD - Department of Health and Human Services, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, Pittsburgh Research Laboratory, PA 15236, USA. sep8@cdc.gov PY - 2000 SP - 785 EP - 787 VL - 61 IS - 6 SN - 1529-8663, 1529-8663 KW - Air Pollutants, Occupational KW - 0 KW - Coal KW - Dust KW - Index Medicus KW - Humans KW - Incidence KW - United States -- epidemiology KW - Coal -- adverse effects KW - Pneumoconiosis -- etiology KW - Pneumoconiosis -- epidemiology KW - Air Pollutants, Occupational -- adverse effects KW - Coal Mining KW - Dust -- adverse effects UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/72518644?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=AIHAJ+%3A+a+journal+for+the+science+of+occupational+and+environmental+health+and+safety&rft.atitle=Suggestion+of+a+cause-and-effect+relationship+among+coal+rank%2C+airborne+dust%2C+and+incidence+of+workers%27+pneumoconiosis.&rft.au=Page%2C+S+J%3BOrganiscak%2C+J+A&rft.aulast=Page&rft.aufirst=S&rft.date=2000-11-01&rft.volume=61&rft.issue=6&rft.spage=785&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=AIHAJ+%3A+a+journal+for+the+science+of+occupational+and+environmental+health+and+safety&rft.issn=15298663&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 2001-03-22 N1 - Date created - 2001-01-15 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Indoor and outdoor PM2.5 and CO in high- and low-density Guatemalan villages. AN - 72516722; 11140438 AB - Continuous particles less than 2.5 microm in diameter (PM2.5) and carbon monoxide (CO) were monitored during breakfast, lunch, and dinner in three high-density and four low-density villages near Quetzaltenango, Guatemala to help assess the viability of this region for a proposed respiratory health and stove intervention study. Approximately 15 homes were visited during each mealtime in each of the seven villages; in all, 98 homes were visited, with a sampling duration of 2-3 min per home per meal. For each village, a line (transect) was drawn on a village map along existing roads from one end of the village to the other; homes and between-home outside locations along the transect were monitored. Although the predominant stove type was the open fire, several other stoves, in various levels of disrepair, were observed frequently. The highest indoor concentrations of PM2.5 were observed in homes using the open fire (avg. = 5.31 mg/m3; SD=4.75 mg/m3) or equivalent, although homes using the plancha--indigenous wood-burning stove with chimney--also had measurements > 13.8 mg/m3, PM2.5 limit of detection. The highest indoor concentrations of CO were also observed in homes using the open fire (avg. = 22.9 ppm; SD = 28.1 ppm), with a maximum measurement of > 250 ppm. For both PM2.5 and CO, levels measured in homes with plancha, lorena, or open fire were significantly higher than levels taken in the street or in homes using a gas stove. The Spearman correlation coefficient between PM2.5 and CO for all data combined was 0.81, and ranged from 0.30 for the lorena to 0.68 for the plancha in homes using wood-fueled stoves. Although indoor PM2.5 and CO levels were not significantly different between high- and low-density villages, street-level PM2.5 (p = 0.002) and CO (p= 0.002), were significantly higher in the high - density villages. These data provide a useful picture of the pollution levels coming from a range of cooking stoves in various levels ofdisrepair, as well as a representation of how outdoor particle mass and CO levels vary from high- versus low-density villages. JF - Journal of exposure analysis and environmental epidemiology AU - Naeher, L P AU - Smith, K R AU - Leaderer, B P AU - Mage, D AU - Grajeda, R AD - Department of Epidemiology and Public Health, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut 06520-8034, USA. lnaeher@cdc.gov PY - 2000 SP - 544 EP - 551 VL - 10 IS - 6 Pt 1 SN - 1053-4245, 1053-4245 KW - Carbon Monoxide KW - 7U1EE4V452 KW - Index Medicus KW - Environmental Monitoring KW - Public Health KW - Housing KW - Particle Size KW - Humans KW - Guatemala KW - Developing Countries KW - Air Pollution, Indoor -- analysis KW - Carbon Monoxide -- analysis KW - Environmental Exposure -- analysis KW - Cooking UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/72516722?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+exposure+analysis+and+environmental+epidemiology&rft.atitle=Indoor+and+outdoor+PM2.5+and+CO+in+high-+and+low-density+Guatemalan+villages.&rft.au=Naeher%2C+L+P%3BSmith%2C+K+R%3BLeaderer%2C+B+P%3BMage%2C+D%3BGrajeda%2C+R&rft.aulast=Naeher&rft.aufirst=L&rft.date=2000-11-01&rft.volume=10&rft.issue=6+Pt+1&rft.spage=544&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+exposure+analysis+and+environmental+epidemiology&rft.issn=10534245&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 2001-03-01 N1 - Date created - 2001-01-03 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Utilization of umbilical cords to assess in utero exposure to persistent pesticides and polychlorinated biphenyls. AN - 72514458; 11138670 AB - In support of a study to relate developmental and cognitive effects with prenatal exposure to selected environmental toxicants, we developed and applied an analytical method to determine the concentration of two persistent pesticides, hexachlorobenzene (HCB) and p,p'-dichlorodiphenyldichloroethylene (DDE), and 32 specific polychlorinated biphenyl (PCB) congeners in 316 umbilical cords taken in 1986-1987 from women of the Faroe Islands. The analytical method consisted of homogenization of the cords, partitioning, microsilica gel column chromatography for clean-up, and dual-column capillary gas chromatography (DB-5 and DB-1701) with electron capture detection. Several quality control parameters were followed to monitor the performance of the method. Important criteria used before reporting unknown data were the recovery of in vitro-spiked analytes from a bovine umbilical cord (BUC) and the percentage lipid obtained for a Certified Reference Material (CRM)-350 of mackerel oil (MO). Recoveries of analytes that had been spiked at two concentration ranges (0.26-0.95 ng/g whole weight; 0.35-2.42 ng/g whole weight) into bovine cords ranged from 38.5% to 158% and from 50.4% to 145%, respectively, with a median recovery of 77.7%. Measurement of the percentage lipid for CRM-350 ranged from 73.8% to 107% with a median lipid value of 96.0%. The most prevalent analytes detected (%) in unknown umbilical cords were HCB (100), DDE (100), Ballschmiter/Zell PCBs 153 (100), 138 (98), 180 (98), 170 (93), 118 (88), 187 (86), and 146 (83), with corresponding median concentrations (ng/g whole weight) of 0.17, 1.19, 0.38, 0.30, 0.17, 0.11, 0.12, 0.09, and 0.07, respectively. Total PCB--sum of all measurable PCB congeners--had a median concentration of 1.37 ng/g whole weight. The analytes, which were very low in lipid content were also quantified on a lipid-adjusted basis, which provided an analytical challenge in these umbilical cord samples. The gravimetrically measured lipids in the human specimens ranged from 0.01% to 1.43% (median of 0.18%). In the pooled BUCs, our lipid measurements varied from 0.05% to 0.33% with a median value of 0.13%. The utility of using the umbilical cord as a matrix to assess in utero exposure to persistent environmental pollutants, compared with the use of umbilical cord blood or mother's blood, is worthy of debate. JF - Journal of exposure analysis and environmental epidemiology AU - Burse, V W AU - Najam, A R AU - Williams, C C AU - Korver, M P AU - Smith, B F AU - Sam, P M AU - Young, S L AU - Needham, L L AD - Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia, USA. vwb1@cdc.gov PY - 2000 SP - 776 EP - 788 VL - 10 IS - 6 Pt 2 SN - 1053-4245, 1053-4245 KW - Environmental Pollutants KW - 0 KW - Lipids KW - Pesticides KW - Polychlorinated Biphenyls KW - DFC2HB4I0K KW - Index Medicus KW - Sensitivity and Specificity KW - Animals KW - Cattle KW - Lipids -- chemistry KW - Humans KW - Adult KW - Infant, Newborn KW - Environmental Exposure KW - Male KW - Female KW - Chromatography, Gas -- methods KW - Pregnancy KW - Pesticides -- analysis KW - Polychlorinated Biphenyls -- analysis KW - Environmental Pollutants -- analysis KW - Pesticides -- adverse effects KW - Environmental Pollutants -- adverse effects KW - Umbilical Cord -- chemistry KW - Prenatal Exposure Delayed Effects KW - Polychlorinated Biphenyls -- adverse effects UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/72514458?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+exposure+analysis+and+environmental+epidemiology&rft.atitle=Utilization+of+umbilical+cords+to+assess+in+utero+exposure+to+persistent+pesticides+and+polychlorinated+biphenyls.&rft.au=Burse%2C+V+W%3BNajam%2C+A+R%3BWilliams%2C+C+C%3BKorver%2C+M+P%3BSmith%2C+B+F%3BSam%2C+P+M%3BYoung%2C+S+L%3BNeedham%2C+L+L&rft.aulast=Burse&rft.aufirst=V&rft.date=2000-11-01&rft.volume=10&rft.issue=6+Pt+2&rft.spage=776&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+exposure+analysis+and+environmental+epidemiology&rft.issn=10534245&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 2001-03-01 N1 - Date created - 2001-01-02 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Assessing children's exposure to hazardous environmental chemicals: an overview of selected research challenges and complexities. AN - 72514376; 11138654 AB - There is renewed interest in the United States regarding characterization of children's exposures to hazardous environmental chemicals. Many studies are currently underway that use novel and innovative approaches to assess childhood exposures to a variety of toxic chemicals, including both persistent and nonpersistent compounds. This article reviews some of the critical challenges that can impede scientifically rigorous studies designed to measure children's environmental exposures. The discussion briefly examines three topical areas: administrative issues (IRB approval, participant incentives, community involvement, and communication of results to research participants and stakeholders); data-collection issues (identifying and recruiting children/families, measuring actual exposures/doses); and issues related to chemical analysis of biological samples (examples of chemicals and chemical classes that can be measured in human tissue and excreta, effects of a child's age on the type and amount of biological samples available for analysis). These research complexities are discussed in the context of developing more effective and efficient exposure assessment methods. JF - Journal of exposure analysis and environmental epidemiology AU - Needham, L L AU - Sexton, K AD - Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, National Center for Environmental Health, Atlanta, Georgia 30341-3724, USA. lneedham@cdc.gov PY - 2000 SP - 611 EP - 629 VL - 10 IS - 6 Pt 2 SN - 1053-4245, 1053-4245 KW - Environmental Pollutants KW - 0 KW - Index Medicus KW - Infant KW - Humans KW - Infant, Newborn KW - Ethics, Medical KW - Data Collection KW - Child KW - Research Design KW - Male KW - Female KW - Risk Assessment KW - Child, Preschool KW - Environmental Exposure KW - Child Welfare KW - Environmental Pollutants -- adverse effects UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/72514376?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+exposure+analysis+and+environmental+epidemiology&rft.atitle=Assessing+children%27s+exposure+to+hazardous+environmental+chemicals%3A+an+overview+of+selected+research+challenges+and+complexities.&rft.au=Needham%2C+L+L%3BSexton%2C+K&rft.aulast=Needham&rft.aufirst=L&rft.date=2000-11-01&rft.volume=10&rft.issue=6+Pt+2&rft.spage=611&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+exposure+analysis+and+environmental+epidemiology&rft.issn=10534245&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 2001-03-01 N1 - Date created - 2001-01-02 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Lack of evidence of mitochondrial dysfunction in the offspring of HIV-infected women. Retrospective review of perinatal exposure to antiretroviral drugs in the Perinatal AIDS Collaborative Transmission Study. AN - 72507257; 11131707 AB - A recent report suggesting mitochondrial dysfunction among eight HIV-exposed but uninfected children exposed perinatally to nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors (NRTIs) prompted a review within the Perinatal AIDS Collaborative Transmission Study (PACTS). A standardized retrospective review was conducted of 118 deaths at < 5 years. Deaths were classified as unrelated to mitochondrial dysfunction (Class 1), unlikely related (Class 2), possibly related (Class 3), or likely related or proven (Class 4). Among 35 deaths recorded in HIV-uninfected or indeterminate children, none were classified in either Class 2, 3, or 4. We also reviewed signs or symptoms consistent with possible mitochondrial dysfunction among 1,954 living uninfected children. Only one child was in Class 3 and two siblings were in Class 2; none had perinatal antiretroviral drug exposure. We found no evidence indicating that uninfected infants exposed to perinatal NRTIs died of mitochondrial disorders or that living exposed children had symptoms of mitochondrial dysfunction. JF - Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences AU - Bulterys, M AU - Nesheim, S AU - Abrams, E J AU - Palumbo, P AU - Farley, J AU - Lampe, M AU - Fowler, M G AU - Perinatal Safety Review Working Group AD - Epidemiology Branch, Division of HIV/AIDS Prevention, National Center for HIV/STD/TB Prevention, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia 30333, USA. zbe2@cdc.gov ; Perinatal Safety Review Working Group Y1 - 2000/11// PY - 2000 DA - November 2000 SP - 212 EP - 221 VL - 918 SN - 0077-8923, 0077-8923 KW - Anti-HIV Agents KW - 0 KW - Index Medicus KW - Humans KW - Cohort Studies KW - Retrospective Studies KW - Infant, Newborn KW - Incidence KW - Follow-Up Studies KW - United States -- epidemiology KW - Time Factors KW - Female KW - Prenatal Exposure Delayed Effects KW - Pregnancy KW - Infectious Disease Transmission, Vertical -- prevention & control KW - HIV Infections -- transmission KW - Mitochondria -- pathology KW - Anti-HIV Agents -- adverse effects KW - Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome -- drug therapy KW - Pregnancy Complications, Infectious -- drug therapy KW - Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome -- prevention & control KW - Anti-HIV Agents -- therapeutic use KW - Mitochondrial Myopathies -- epidemiology KW - Mitochondrial Myopathies -- mortality KW - Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome -- transmission KW - HIV Infections -- drug therapy KW - HIV Infections -- prevention & control KW - Mitochondria -- drug effects UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/72507257?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Annals+of+the+New+York+Academy+of+Sciences&rft.atitle=Lack+of+evidence+of+mitochondrial+dysfunction+in+the+offspring+of+HIV-infected+women.+Retrospective+review+of+perinatal+exposure+to+antiretroviral+drugs+in+the+Perinatal+AIDS+Collaborative+Transmission+Study.&rft.au=Bulterys%2C+M%3BNesheim%2C+S%3BAbrams%2C+E+J%3BPalumbo%2C+P%3BFarley%2C+J%3BLampe%2C+M%3BFowler%2C+M+G%3BPerinatal+Safety+Review+Working+Group&rft.aulast=Bulterys&rft.aufirst=M&rft.date=2000-11-01&rft.volume=918&rft.issue=&rft.spage=212&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Annals+of+the+New+York+Academy+of+Sciences&rft.issn=00778923&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 2001-01-11 N1 - Date created - 2000-12-21 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Lack of definitive severe mitochondrial signs and symptoms among deceased HIV-uninfected and HIV-indeterminate children < or = 5 years of age, Pediatric Spectrum of HIV Disease project (PSD), USA. AN - 72499585; 11131710 AB - In response to recent reports of mitochondrial dysfunction in HIV-uninfected infants exposed to antiretroviral (ARV) prophylaxis, the Perinatal Safety Review Working Group reviewed deaths in five large HIV-exposed perinatal cohorts in the United States to determine if similar cases of severe mitochondrial toxicity could be detected. We describe the results of this review for the PSD cohort. Hospitalization, clinic and death records for deceased HIV-uninfected and HIV-indeterminate children who were less than 5 years of age were reviewed. Standard definitions were used to classify HIV infection status and the likelihood that signs and symptoms were related to mitochondrial dysfunction. Children were classified as having signs and symptoms that were considered (1) unrelated, (2) unlikely, (3) consistent with, or (4) likely related to mitochondrial disease. SIDS deaths were put into a separate category. 8,465 of 13,125 HIV-exposed children were either HIV-uninfected or HIV-indeterminate. Among the 84 deaths in the subgroup of 8,465 children, 9 were considered in Class 2 (unlikely), 4 were considered in Class 3 (consistent with), and none were considered in Class 4 (likely). 97% of those children who received ARV prophylaxis received zidovudine alone. None of the HIV-uninfected deaths were classified in 2, 3, or 4; and only one of these was exposed to ARV prophylaxis. Among the 3 HIV-indeterminate children who were classified in 3 (consistent with), 2 had no or unknown ARV exposure before 1994 when use of ZDV prophylaxis became the standard of care. Both HIV-uninfected and HIV-indeterminate children with ARV exposure or unknown exposure had lower mortality rates than children without ARV exposure. Monoprophylaxis with ZDV was not associated with higher death rates in the cohort of 8,465 children or with any findings likely consistent with mitochondrial dysfunction among the 85 deaths. Ongoing monitoring of drug safety in large multi-site prospective cohort studies of HIV-exposed children is essential in the era of highly active antiretroviral therapy. JF - Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences AU - Dominguez, K AU - Bertolli, J AU - Fowler, M AU - Peters, V AU - Ortiz, I AU - Melville, S AU - Rakusan, T AU - Frederick, T AU - Hsu, H AU - D'Almada, P AU - Maldonado, Y AU - Wilfert, C AU - PSD Consortium. Perinatal Safety Review Working Group AD - Epidemiology Branch, Division of HIV/AIDS Prevention, National Center for HIV/STD/TB Prevention, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia 30333, USA. kld0@cdc.gov ; PSD Consortium. Perinatal Safety Review Working Group Y1 - 2000/11// PY - 2000 DA - November 2000 SP - 236 EP - 246 VL - 918 SN - 0077-8923, 0077-8923 KW - Anti-HIV Agents KW - 0 KW - Index Medicus KW - United States KW - Infectious Disease Transmission, Vertical KW - Humans KW - Safety KW - Anti-HIV Agents -- adverse effects KW - Infant, Newborn KW - Pregnancy Complications, Infectious -- drug therapy KW - Cause of Death KW - Pregnancy KW - Child, Preschool KW - Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome -- prevention & control KW - Infant KW - Anti-HIV Agents -- therapeutic use KW - Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome -- transmission KW - Cohort Studies KW - Female KW - Prenatal Exposure Delayed Effects KW - HIV Infections -- transmission KW - Mitochondrial Myopathies -- mortality KW - HIV Infections -- prevention & control KW - Mitochondrial Myopathies -- etiology KW - HIV Infections -- mortality UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/72499585?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Annals+of+the+New+York+Academy+of+Sciences&rft.atitle=Lack+of+definitive+severe+mitochondrial+signs+and+symptoms+among+deceased+HIV-uninfected+and+HIV-indeterminate+children+%26lt%3B+or+%3D+5+years+of+age%2C+Pediatric+Spectrum+of+HIV+Disease+project+%28PSD%29%2C+USA.&rft.au=Dominguez%2C+K%3BBertolli%2C+J%3BFowler%2C+M%3BPeters%2C+V%3BOrtiz%2C+I%3BMelville%2C+S%3BRakusan%2C+T%3BFrederick%2C+T%3BHsu%2C+H%3BD%27Almada%2C+P%3BMaldonado%2C+Y%3BWilfert%2C+C%3BPSD+Consortium.+Perinatal+Safety+Review+Working+Group&rft.aulast=Dominguez&rft.aufirst=K&rft.date=2000-11-01&rft.volume=918&rft.issue=&rft.spage=236&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Annals+of+the+New+York+Academy+of+Sciences&rft.issn=00778923&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 2001-01-11 N1 - Date created - 2000-12-21 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Latex allergy in the workplace. AN - 72375695; 11053535 AB - While less than 1% of the general population is sensitized to latex, the U.S. Occupational Safety and Health Administration estimates that 8-12% of health-care workers are sensitized. The major source of workplace exposure is powdered natural rubber latex (NRL) gloves. NRL is harvested from HEVEA: brasiliensis trees and ammoniated to prevent coagulation resulting in the hydrolysis of the latex proteins. Prior to use in manufacturing, the latex is formulated by the addition of multiple chemicals. Thus, human exposure is to a mixture of residual chemicals and hydrolyzed latex peptides. Clinical manifestations include irritant contact dermatitis, allergic contact dermatitis (type IV), and type I immediate hypersensitivity response. Type I (IgE-mediated) NRL allergy includes contact urticaria, systemic urticaria, angioedema, rhinitis, conjunctivitis, bronchospasm, and anaphylaxis. Taking an accurate history, including questions on atopic status, food allergy, and possible reactions to latex devices makes diagnosis of type-I latex allergy possible. To confirm a diagnosis, either in vivo skin prick testing (SPT) or in vitro assays for latex-specific IgE are performed. While the SPT is regarded as a primary confirmatory test for IgE-mediated disease, the absence of a U.S. Food and Drug Administration-licensed HEVEA: brasiliensis latex extract has restricted its use in diagnosis. Serological tests have, therefore, become critically important as alternative diagnostic tests. Three manufacturers currently have FDA clearance for in vitro tests, to detect NRL-specific IgE. The commercially available assays may disagree on the antibody status of an individual serum, which may be due to the assay's detecting anti-NRL IgEs to different allergenic NRL proteins. Sensitized individuals produce specific IgE antibody to at least 10 potent HEVEA: allergens, Hev b 1-Hev b 10, each of which differs in its structure, size, and net charge. The relative content and ratios of Hevs in the final allergen preparation most probably could effect diagnostic accuracy. The Hev proteins have been cloned and expressed as recombinant proteins. Sequencing demonstrates both unique epitopes and sequences commonly found in other plant proteins. Sequence homology helps to explain the cross reactivity to a variety of foods experienced by latex allergic individuals. The development of recombinant allergens provides reagents that should improve the diagnostic accuracy of tests for latex allergy. Although clinical and exposure data have been gathered on the factors affecting response in latex-allergic individuals, less is known regarding the development of sensitization. Coupled with in vitro dermal penetration studies, murine models have been established to investigate the route of exposure in the development of latex sensitization. Time-course and dose-response studies have shown subcutaneous, intratracheal, or topical administrations of non-ammoniated latex proteins to induce IgE production. Both in vitro penetration and in vivo studies highlight the importance of skin condition in the development of latex allergy, with enhanced penetration and earlier onset of IgE production seen with experimentally abraded skin. The diagnosis of latex allergy is complicated by these variables, which in turn hinder the development of intervention strategies. Further epidemiological assessment is needed to more explicitly define the scope, trends, and demographics of latex allergy. Diagnostic accuracy can be improved through greater knowledge of proteins involved in the development of latex allergy, and better documentation of the presently available diagnostic tests. In vivo and in vitro models can elucidate mechanisms of sensitization and provide an understanding of the role of the exposure route in latex allergy-associated diseases. Together, these efforts can lead to intervention strategies for reducing latex allergy in the workplace. JF - Toxicological sciences : an official journal of the Society of Toxicology AU - Toraason, M AU - Sussman, G AU - Biagini, R AU - Meade, J AU - Beezhold, D AU - Germolec, D AD - National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, Cincinnati, Ohio 45226, USA. mtorasson@cdc.gov Y1 - 2000/11// PY - 2000 DA - November 2000 SP - 5 EP - 14 VL - 58 IS - 1 SN - 1096-6080, 1096-6080 KW - Reagent Kits, Diagnostic KW - 0 KW - Index Medicus KW - Humans KW - Health Personnel KW - Disease Models, Animal KW - Prevalence KW - Latex Hypersensitivity -- etiology KW - Latex Hypersensitivity -- epidemiology KW - Latex Hypersensitivity -- prevention & control KW - Dermatitis, Allergic Contact -- epidemiology KW - Dermatitis, Occupational -- etiology KW - Dermatitis, Allergic Contact -- prevention & control KW - Dermatitis, Allergic Contact -- etiology KW - Dermatitis, Occupational -- prevention & control KW - Occupational Exposure -- adverse effects KW - Dermatitis, Occupational -- epidemiology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/72375695?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Toxicological+sciences+%3A+an+official+journal+of+the+Society+of+Toxicology&rft.atitle=Latex+allergy+in+the+workplace.&rft.au=Toraason%2C+M%3BSussman%2C+G%3BBiagini%2C+R%3BMeade%2C+J%3BBeezhold%2C+D%3BGermolec%2C+D&rft.aulast=Toraason&rft.aufirst=M&rft.date=2000-11-01&rft.volume=58&rft.issue=1&rft.spage=5&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Toxicological+sciences+%3A+an+official+journal+of+the+Society+of+Toxicology&rft.issn=10966080&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 2000-11-30 N1 - Date created - 2000-11-20 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Subchronic silica exposure enhances respiratory defense mechanisms and the pulmonary clearance of Listeria monocytogenes in rats. AN - 72308387; 11015141 AB - Both Listeria monocytogenes infection and silica exposure have been shown to significantly alter immune responses. In this study, we evaluated the effect of preexposure to silica on lung defense mechanisms using a rat pulmonary L. monocytogenes infection model. Male Sprague-Dawley rats were instilled intratracheally with saline (vehicle control) or silica using either an acute treatment regimen (5 mg/kg; 3 days) or a subchronic treatment protocol (80 mg/kg; 35 days). At 3 or 35 days after silica instillation, the rats were inoculated intratracheally with either approximately 5000 or 500,000 L. monocytogenes. At 3, 5, and 7 days postinfection, the left lung was removed, homogenized, and cultured on brain heart infusion agar at 37 degrees C. The numbers of viable L. monocytogenes were counted after an overnight incubation. Bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) was performed on the right lungs, and BAL cell differentials, acellular lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) activity and albumin content were determined. Alveolar macrophage (AM) chemiluminescence (CL) and phagocytosis were assessed as a measure of macrophage function. Lung-associated lymph nodes were removed, and lymphocytes were recovered and differentiated. Preexposure to silica significantly increased the pulmonary clearance of L. monocytogenes as compared to saline controls. Exposure to silica caused significant increases in BAL neutrophils, LDH and albumin, and lymph-nodal T cells and natural killer (NK) cells in infected and noninfected rats. CL and phagocytosis were also elevated in silica-treated rats. In summary, the results demonstrated that exposure of rats to silica enhanced pulmonary immune responses, as evidenced by increases in neutrophils, NK cells, T lymphocytes, and macrophage activation. These elevations in pulmonary immune response are likely responsible for the increase in pulmonary clearance of L. monocytogenes observed with preexposure to silica. JF - Inhalation toxicology AU - Antonini, J M AU - Yang, H M AU - Ma, J Y AU - Roberts, J R AU - Barger, M W AU - Butterworth, L AU - Charron, T G AU - Castranova, V AD - Health Effects Laboratory Division, National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, 1095 Willowdale Road, Morgantown, WV 26505, USA. jga6@cdc.gov Y1 - 2000/11// PY - 2000 DA - November 2000 SP - 1017 EP - 1036 VL - 12 IS - 11 SN - 0895-8378, 0895-8378 KW - Silicon Dioxide KW - 7631-86-9 KW - Index Medicus KW - Rats KW - Animals KW - Rats, Sprague-Dawley KW - Macrophages -- physiology KW - Cell Differentiation KW - Neutrophils -- physiology KW - Lymphocytes -- physiology KW - Male KW - Lung -- immunology KW - Silicon Dioxide -- adverse effects KW - Lung -- microbiology KW - Listeria monocytogenes -- immunology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/72308387?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Inhalation+toxicology&rft.atitle=Subchronic+silica+exposure+enhances+respiratory+defense+mechanisms+and+the+pulmonary+clearance+of+Listeria+monocytogenes+in+rats.&rft.au=Antonini%2C+J+M%3BYang%2C+H+M%3BMa%2C+J+Y%3BRoberts%2C+J+R%3BBarger%2C+M+W%3BButterworth%2C+L%3BCharron%2C+T+G%3BCastranova%2C+V&rft.aulast=Antonini&rft.aufirst=J&rft.date=2000-11-01&rft.volume=12&rft.issue=11&rft.spage=1017&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Inhalation+toxicology&rft.issn=08958378&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 2000-11-30 N1 - Date created - 2000-11-30 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Health Risk Aversion, Health Risk Affinity, and Socio-Economic Position in the USA: The Demographics of Multiple Risk AN - 60406299; 200116324 AB - Understanding the distribution of behavioral risk factors in the population can improve health promotion. This article reports on a research project that analyzed the distribution of numbers of behavioral risk factors among US adults, by race/Hispanic origin, sex, & age. Income, education, & region were examined as potential confounders in observed patterns. The Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System (BRFSS) data for 1993 were used to asses the distribution of numbers of risk factors, ie, smoking, heavy drinking, overweight, inadequate seatbelt use, Papanicolaou (pap) smear screening, mammography, colorectal screening, & influenza & pneumonia vaccination. Two hypotheses were examined: (1) given the distribution of each risk factor in the US population by age & sex, prevalences both of low & of high numbers of risk behaviors (but not of moderate numbers of risk behaviors) are greater than expected within each race/Hispanic origin-sex-age group; & (2) differences in socioeconomic position among these groups account for the differences between observed & expected prevalences of numbers of risk factors. The second hypothesis was assessed both graphically by adjustment for income & education, & by multiple linear regression. Findings are discussed for whites, Hispanics, Asians, blacks, & American Indians. Adjustment for income or education reduced differences between observed & expected prevalences. It appears that risk aversion & risk affinity vary substantially by race/Hispanic origin & are only partially explained by socioeconomic position. Exploration of the causes of high & low risk behavior may improve risk behavior interventions. 3 Tables, 6 Figures, 89 References. Adapted from the source document. JF - Health, Risk & Society AU - Hahn, Robert AU - Vesely, Sara AU - Chang, Man-Huei AD - Division Prevention Research & Analytic Methods, Centers Disease Control, Atlanta, GA Rhahn@cdc.gov Y1 - 2000/11// PY - 2000 DA - November 2000 SP - 295 EP - 314 VL - 2 IS - 3 SN - 1369-8575, 1369-8575 KW - Risk KW - Social Class KW - Ethnicity KW - Race KW - United States of America KW - Health Behavior KW - Health KW - Sociodemographic Characteristics KW - Sex KW - article KW - 2045: sociology of health and medicine; sociology of medicine & health care UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/60406299?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Asocabs&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Health%2C+Risk+%26+Society&rft.atitle=Health+Risk+Aversion%2C+Health+Risk+Affinity%2C+and+Socio-Economic+Position+in+the+USA%3A+The+Demographics+of+Multiple+Risk&rft.au=Hahn%2C+Robert%3BVesely%2C+Sara%3BChang%2C+Man-Huei&rft.aulast=Hahn&rft.aufirst=Robert&rft.date=2000-11-01&rft.volume=2&rft.issue=3&rft.spage=295&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Health%2C+Risk+%26+Society&rft.issn=13698575&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - Sociological Abstracts N1 - Date revised - 2007-04-01 N1 - Last updated - 2016-09-28 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Health; Risk; Ethnicity; Race; Sex; Social Class; Health Behavior; Sociodemographic Characteristics; United States of America ER - TY - JOUR T1 - American Geophysical Union 2000 fall meeting AN - 51934907; 2003-071635 JF - Eos, Transactions, American Geophysical Union AU - Webb, Robert S AU - Oglesby, Robert J AU - Forman, Steven L AU - Wolter, Klaus AU - Anonymous Y1 - 2000/11// PY - 2000 DA - November 2000 SP - 28 PB - American Geophysical Union, Washington, DC VL - 81 IS - 48, Suppl. SN - 0096-3941, 0096-3941 KW - North America KW - Quaternary KW - middle Holocene KW - moisture KW - simulation KW - Holocene KW - Gulf of Mexico KW - drought KW - models KW - Cenozoic KW - El Nino Southern Oscillation KW - central North America KW - transport KW - circulation KW - Great Plains KW - North Atlantic KW - Atlantic Ocean KW - 24:Quaternary geology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/51934907?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Ageorefmodule&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Eos%2C+Transactions%2C+American+Geophysical+Union&rft.atitle=American+Geophysical+Union+2000+fall+meeting&rft.au=Webb%2C+Robert+S%3BOglesby%2C+Robert+J%3BForman%2C+Steven+L%3BWolter%2C+Klaus%3BAnonymous&rft.aulast=Webb&rft.aufirst=Robert&rft.date=2000-11-01&rft.volume=81&rft.issue=48%2C+Suppl.&rft.spage=28&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Eos%2C+Transactions%2C+American+Geophysical+Union&rft.issn=00963941&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - GeoRef N1 - Conference title - American Geophysical Union 2000 fall meeting N1 - Copyright - GeoRef, Copyright 2012, American Geosciences Institute. N1 - Date revised - 2003-01-01 N1 - PubXState - DC N1 - Last updated - 2012-06-07 N1 - CODEN - EOSTAJ N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Atlantic Ocean; Cenozoic; central North America; circulation; drought; El Nino Southern Oscillation; Great Plains; Gulf of Mexico; Holocene; middle Holocene; models; moisture; North America; North Atlantic; Quaternary; simulation; transport ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Analysis of Immunoreactivity to a Streptococcus equi subsp. zooepidemicus M-Like Protein To Confirm an Outbreak of Poststreptococcal Glomerulonephritis, and Sequences of M-Like Proteins from Isolates Obtained from Different Host Species AN - 18026545; 4869657 AB - The etiologic agent of a large 1998 outbreak of poststreptococcal acute glomerulonephritis (PSGN) in Nova Serrana, Brazil, was found likely to be a specific strain of Streptococcus equi subsp. zooepidemicus from contaminated cheese (S. Balter et al., Lancet 355:1776-1780, 2000). In the present study, we used a serologic screen for a known surface-exposed virulence factor to confirm the epidemiologic findings. Using primers flanking a previously characterized M-like protein gene (J. F. Timoney et al., Infect. Immun. 63:1440-1445, 1995), we amplified and sequenced the M-like protein (designated Szp5058) gene and found it to be identical among four independent acute-phase PSGN patient isolates. Convalescent-phase sera from 33 of 44 patients in the PSGN outbreak were found to contain antibodies highly reactive to a purified Szp5058 fusion protein, compared with 1 of 17 control sera (P < 0.0001), suggesting that Szp5058 was expressed during infection and further implicating this strain as the cause of the PSGN outbreak. The predicted signal sequence and cell wall association motif of Szp5058 were highly conserved with the corresponding sequence from S. equi subsp. zooepidemicus SzpW60, while the predicted surface-exposed portions differed markedly between these two proteins. The 5' end of the szp5058 gene, including its variable region, was identical to the szp gene from another strain associated with a previous PSGN outbreak in England (M. Barham et al., Lancet i:945-948, 1983), and the corresponding szp sequence found from the Lancefield group C type strain isolated from a guinea pig. In addition, the hypervariable (HV) portion of szp5058 was identical to a previously published HV sequence from a horse isolate (J. A. Walker and J. F. Timoney, Am. J. Vet. Res. 59:1129-1133, 1998). Three other strains of S. equi subsp. zooepidemicus, including another strain previously associated with a PSGN outbreak, were each found to contain a distinct szp gene. Two of these szp genes had HV regions identical to szp regions from isolates recovered from different host species. JF - Journal of Clinical Microbiology AU - Nicholson, M L AU - Ferdinand, L AU - Sampson, J S AU - Benin, A AU - Balter, S AU - Pinto, SWL AU - Dowell, S F AU - Facklam, R R AU - Carlone, G M AU - Beall, B AD - Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Mailstop C02, 1600 Clifton Rd., NE, Atlanta, GA 30333, BBeall@cdc.gov Y1 - 2000/11// PY - 2000 DA - Nov 2000 SP - 4126 EP - 4130 VL - 38 IS - 11 SN - 0095-1137, 0095-1137 KW - man KW - outbreaks KW - Szp5058 gene KW - double prime M-like protein KW - Microbiology Abstracts B: Bacteriology KW - M-like protein KW - Glomerulonephritis KW - Immunoreactivity KW - Streptococcus equi zooepidemicus KW - J 02847:Genitourinary tract UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/18026545?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologyb&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Clinical+Microbiology&rft.atitle=Analysis+of+Immunoreactivity+to+a+Streptococcus+equi+subsp.+zooepidemicus+M-Like+Protein+To+Confirm+an+Outbreak+of+Poststreptococcal+Glomerulonephritis%2C+and+Sequences+of+M-Like+Proteins+from+Isolates+Obtained+from+Different+Host+Species&rft.au=Nicholson%2C+M+L%3BFerdinand%2C+L%3BSampson%2C+J+S%3BBenin%2C+A%3BBalter%2C+S%3BPinto%2C+SWL%3BDowell%2C+S+F%3BFacklam%2C+R+R%3BCarlone%2C+G+M%3BBeall%2C+B&rft.aulast=Nicholson&rft.aufirst=M&rft.date=2000-11-01&rft.volume=38&rft.issue=11&rft.spage=4126&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+Clinical+Microbiology&rft.issn=00951137&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Streptococcus equi zooepidemicus; Glomerulonephritis; Immunoreactivity ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Rapid Detection of West Nile Virus from Human Clinical Specimens, Field-Collected Mosquitoes, and Avian Samples by a TaqMan Reverse Transcriptase-PCR Assay AN - 18017192; 4869697 AB - The authors report on the development and application of a rapid TaqMan assay for the detection of West Nile (WN) virus in a variety of human clinical specimens and field-collected specimens. Oligonucleotide primers and FAM- and TAMRA-labeled WN virus-specific probes were designed by using the nucleotide sequence of the New York 1999 WN virus isolate. The TaqMan assay was compared to a traditional reverse transcriptase (RT)-PCR assay and to virus isolation in Vero cells with a large number ( approximately 500) of specimens obtained from humans (serum, cerebrospinal fluid, and brain tissue), field-collected mosquitoes, and avian tissue samples. The TaqMan assay was specific for WN virus and demonstrated a greater sensitivity than the traditional RT-PCR method and correctly identified WN virus in 100% of the culture-positive mosquito pools and 98% of the culture-positive avian tissue samples. The assay should be of utility in the diagnostic laboratory to complement existing human diagnostic testing and as a tool to conduct WN virus surveillance in the United States. JF - Journal of Clinical Microbiology AU - Lanciotti, R S AU - Kerst, A J AU - Nasci, R S AU - Godsey AU - Mitchell, C J AU - Savage, H M AU - Komar, N AU - Panella, NA AU - Allen, B C AU - Volpe, KE AU - Davis, B S AU - Roehrig, J T AD - Division of Vector-Borne Infectious Diseases, National Center for Infectious Diseases, CDC, Rampart Rd., Fort Collins, CO 80521, rsl2@cdc.gov Y1 - 2000/11// PY - 2000 DA - Nov 2000 SP - 4066 EP - 4071 VL - 38 IS - 11 SN - 0095-1137, 0095-1137 KW - Diptera KW - Mosquitoes KW - TaqMan assay KW - USA KW - ASFA 1: Biological Sciences & Living Resources; Entomology Abstracts; Microbiology Abstracts A: Industrial & Applied Microbiology; Virology & AIDS Abstracts KW - Human diseases KW - Vero cells KW - Nucleotide sequence KW - Viruses KW - Culicidae KW - Surveillance KW - Methodology KW - Viral diseases KW - Detection KW - RNA-directed DNA polymerase KW - Polymerase chain reaction KW - Disease detection KW - West Nile virus KW - Animal diseases KW - Q1 08205:Genetics and evolution KW - A 01114:Viruses KW - V 22121:Diagnosis KW - Z 05156:Techniques UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/18017192?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologya&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Clinical+Microbiology&rft.atitle=Rapid+Detection+of+West+Nile+Virus+from+Human+Clinical+Specimens%2C+Field-Collected+Mosquitoes%2C+and+Avian+Samples+by+a+TaqMan+Reverse+Transcriptase-PCR+Assay&rft.au=Lanciotti%2C+R+S%3BKerst%2C+A+J%3BNasci%2C+R+S%3BGodsey%3BMitchell%2C+C+J%3BSavage%2C+H+M%3BKomar%2C+N%3BPanella%2C+NA%3BAllen%2C+B+C%3BVolpe%2C+KE%3BDavis%2C+B+S%3BRoehrig%2C+J+T&rft.aulast=Lanciotti&rft.aufirst=R&rft.date=2000-11-01&rft.volume=38&rft.issue=11&rft.spage=4066&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+Clinical+Microbiology&rft.issn=00951137&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Last updated - 2014-05-06 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Human diseases; Viral diseases; Nucleotide sequence; Disease detection; Animal diseases; Vero cells; Detection; Polymerase chain reaction; RNA-directed DNA polymerase; Surveillance; Methodology; Viruses; Culicidae; West Nile virus ER - TY - JOUR T1 - High Prevalence of Helicobacter pylori in the Alaska Native Population and Association with Low Serum Ferritin Levels in Young Adults AN - 17838742; 4873915 AB - Iron deficiency anemia is a common public health problem in the Alaska Native population. Yet, a clear etiology has eluded researchers for decades. Previous studies suggested a link between Helicobacter pylori infection, gastrointestinal blood loss due to hemorrhagic gastritis, and generalized iron deficiency anemia in adult Alaska Natives. Therefore, we examined the association between the prevalence of H. pylori-specific immunoglobulin G (IgG) and serum ferritin levels, a marker of iron deficiency. A random sample of 2, 080 serum samples from Alaska Native residents drawn between 1980 and 1986 from residents in 13 regions was selected, and the samples were stratified by age, sex, and region. Overall, 75% were positive for H. pylori-specific IgG. The rate of H. pylori seropositivity increased with age; by age 14 years, 78% of the residents were positive. There were no gender differences in H. pylori seropositivity. However, marked regional differences were observed. Serum ferritin levels of <12 ng/ml were found most commonly among persons <20 years of age and among women of childbearing age. A significant association between low serum ferritin levels and prevalence of H. pylori-specific IgG was found, particularly for people aged less than 20 years. H. pylori may be a factor contributing to the iron deficiency anemia in the Alaska Native population. JF - Clinical and Diagnostic Laboratory Immunology AU - Parkinson, A J AU - Gold, B D AU - Bulkow, L AU - Wainwright, R B AU - Swaminathan, B AU - Khanna, B AU - Petersen, K M AU - Fitzgerald, A M AD - Arctic Investigations Program, National Center for Infectious Diseases, Centers for Diseases Control and Prevention, 4055 Tudor Centre Drive, Anchorage, AK 99508, ajp1@cdc.gov Y1 - 2000/11// PY - 2000 DA - Nov 2000 SP - 885 EP - 888 VL - 7 IS - 6 SN - 1071-412X, 1071-412X KW - man KW - adults KW - Alaska Native population KW - Helicobacter pylori KW - USA, Alaska KW - ferritin KW - Immunology Abstracts; Microbiology Abstracts B: Bacteriology KW - Age KW - Adolescence KW - Anemia KW - Immunoglobulin G KW - Gastrointestinal tract KW - Iron KW - Gastritis KW - Ethnic groups KW - J 02841:Microflora KW - F 06801:Bacteria UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/17838742?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologyb&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Clinical+and+Diagnostic+Laboratory+Immunology&rft.atitle=High+Prevalence+of+Helicobacter+pylori+in+the+Alaska+Native+Population+and+Association+with+Low+Serum+Ferritin+Levels+in+Young+Adults&rft.au=Parkinson%2C+A+J%3BGold%2C+B+D%3BBulkow%2C+L%3BWainwright%2C+R+B%3BSwaminathan%2C+B%3BKhanna%2C+B%3BPetersen%2C+K+M%3BFitzgerald%2C+A+M&rft.aulast=Parkinson&rft.aufirst=A&rft.date=2000-11-01&rft.volume=7&rft.issue=6&rft.spage=885&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Clinical+and+Diagnostic+Laboratory+Immunology&rft.issn=1071412X&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Helicobacter pylori; Gastritis; Age; Gastrointestinal tract; Immunoglobulin G; Adolescence; Anemia; Iron; Ethnic groups ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Traumatic Injury Among Drywall Installers, 1992 to 1995 AN - 17744045; 4805123 AB - This study examined the traumatic-injury characteristics associated with one of the high-risk occupations in the construction industry--drywall installers--through an analysis of the traumatic-injury data obtained from the Bureau of Labor Statistics. An additional objective was to demonstrate a feasible and economic approach to identify risk factors associated with a specific occupation by using an existing database. An analysis of nonfatal traumatic injuries with days away from work among wage-and-salary drywall installers was performed for 1992 through 1995 using the Occupational Injury and Illness Survey conducted by the Bureau of Labor Statistics. Results from this study indicate that drywall installers are at a high risk of overexertion and falls to a lower level. More than 40% of the injured drywall installers suffered sprains, strains, and/or tears. The most frequently injured body part was the trunk. More than one-third of the trunk injuries occurred while handling solid building materials, mainly drywall. In addition, the database analysis used in this study is valid in identifying overall risk factors for specific occupations. JF - Journal of Occupational and Environmental Medicine AU - Chiou, S S AU - Pan, C S AU - Keane, P AD - National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, 1095 Willowdale Rd. MS- P119, Morgantown, WV 26505, USA, schiou@cdc.gov Y1 - 2000/11// PY - 2000 DA - Nov 2000 SP - 1101 EP - 1108 VL - 42 IS - 11 SN - 1076-2752, 1076-2752 KW - drywall installers KW - Health & Safety Science Abstracts; Risk Abstracts KW - Risk assessment KW - Injuries KW - Occupational safety KW - Hazards KW - Accidents KW - Construction industry KW - R2 23080:Industrial and labor KW - H 1000:Occupational Safety and Health UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/17744045?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Ariskabstracts&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Occupational+and+Environmental+Medicine&rft.atitle=Traumatic+Injury+Among+Drywall+Installers%2C+1992+to+1995&rft.au=Chiou%2C+S+S%3BPan%2C+C+S%3BKeane%2C+P&rft.aulast=Chiou&rft.aufirst=S&rft.date=2000-11-01&rft.volume=42&rft.issue=11&rft.spage=1101&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+Occupational+and+Environmental+Medicine&rft.issn=10762752&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Accidents; Injuries; Construction industry; Occupational safety; Hazards; Risk assessment ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Controlled Flight into Terrain Accidents Among Commuter and Air Taxi Operators in Alaska AN - 17741579; 4808362 AB - Between 1990 and 1998, aviation accidents in Alaska caused 100 occupational pilot deaths (equivalent to 430/100,000 pilots/year, approximately 86 times the overall U.S. worker fatality rate). Although Alaskan geography and climate increase aviation risks, many accidents were attributed to pilot error. While most accidents occurred during takeoff/landing, most fatalities resulted from Controlled Flight Into Terrain (CFIT). The purpose of this study was to examine risk factors for CFIT. Using National Transportation Safety Board airplane accident data we identified CFIT from flight phase and event description fields, and calculated odds ratios for CFIT/non-CFIT accidents for visual conditions, aircraft features, and pilot experience. Between 1991 and 1998, 351 single aircraft commuter and air taxi accidents occurred in Alaska; 59 (17%) were CFIT. Of 140 total fatalities, 82 (59%) occurred in 30 CFIT accidents. There was a twelve-fold risk for death in CFIT vs. non-CFIT accidents (OR = 12.42, 95% CI = 8.19-18.88). Accidents while flying Visual Flight Rules (VFR) into poor visibility were more likely CFIT than non-CFIT (Odds ratio = 46.06, Confidence Interval = 19.32-112.46), and caused 37% of all deaths. Additionally, flights in Instrument Meteorological Conditions (IMC) were 47 times more likely to be CFIT than non-CFIT. No risk for CFIT was shown for flight hours, number of engines, passenger presence, or pilot age. All CFIT were attributed to pilot error, often for continuing VFR into poor visibility. CFIT caused most aviation deaths. Further research into human factors contributing to CFIT is needed. Implementation of global- positioning, ground-proximity/avoidance technology, might reduce CFIT incidence. JF - Aviation, Space and Environmental Medicine AU - Thomas, T K AU - Bensyl, D M AU - Manwaring, J C AU - Conway, G A AD - CDC/NIOSH, 4230 University Drive #310, Anchorage, AK 99508, USA, Dbensyl@cdc.gov Y1 - 2000/11// PY - 2000 DA - Nov 2000 SP - 1098 EP - 1103 VL - 71 IS - 11 SN - 0095-6562, 0095-6562 KW - USA, Alaska KW - crew safety KW - pilots KW - Health & Safety Science Abstracts KW - Mortality KW - Accidents KW - Aircraft KW - Injuries KW - Occupational safety KW - H 2000:Transportation UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/17741579?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Ahealthsafetyabstracts&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Aviation%2C+Space+and+Environmental+Medicine&rft.atitle=Controlled+Flight+into+Terrain+Accidents+Among+Commuter+and+Air+Taxi+Operators+in+Alaska&rft.au=Thomas%2C+T+K%3BBensyl%2C+D+M%3BManwaring%2C+J+C%3BConway%2C+G+A&rft.aulast=Thomas&rft.aufirst=T&rft.date=2000-11-01&rft.volume=71&rft.issue=11&rft.spage=1098&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Aviation%2C+Space+and+Environmental+Medicine&rft.issn=00956562&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Accidents; Injuries; Mortality; Aircraft; Occupational safety ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Outbreak of Escherichia coli O157:H7 infection associated with eating fresh cheese curds--Wisconsin, June 1998. AN - 72351264; 11043645 AB - On June 15, 1998, the Division of Public Health, Wisconsin Department of Health and Family Services, was notified of eight laboratory-confirmed and four suspected Escherichia coli O157:H7 infections among west-central Wisconsin residents who became ill during June 8-12. This report summarizes the outbreak investigation, which implicated fresh (held <60 days) cheese curds from a dairy plant as the source of infection. JF - MMWR. Morbidity and mortality weekly report AU - Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) AD - Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) Y1 - 2000/10/13/ PY - 2000 DA - 2000 Oct 13 SP - 911 EP - 913 VL - 49 IS - 40 SN - 0149-2195, 0149-2195 KW - Index Medicus KW - Humans KW - Aged KW - Child KW - Food-Processing Industry KW - Disease Outbreaks KW - Child, Preschool KW - Infant KW - Wisconsin -- epidemiology KW - Adult KW - Case-Control Studies KW - Middle Aged KW - Adolescent KW - Female KW - Male KW - Foodborne Diseases -- epidemiology KW - Gastroenteritis -- microbiology KW - Escherichia coli Infections -- epidemiology KW - Foodborne Diseases -- etiology KW - Escherichia coli O157 -- isolation & purification KW - Escherichia coli Infections -- etiology KW - Gastroenteritis -- epidemiology KW - Cheese -- microbiology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/72351264?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=MMWR.+Morbidity+and+mortality+weekly+report&rft.atitle=Outbreak+of+Escherichia+coli+O157%3AH7+infection+associated+with+eating+fresh+cheese+curds--Wisconsin%2C+June+1998.&rft.au=Centers+for+Disease+Control+and+Prevention+%28CDC%29&rft.aulast=Centers+for+Disease+Control+and+Prevention+%28CDC%29&rft.aufirst=&rft.date=2000-10-13&rft.volume=49&rft.issue=40&rft.spage=911&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=MMWR.+Morbidity+and+mortality+weekly+report&rft.issn=01492195&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 2000-10-26 N1 - Date created - 2000-10-23 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Transmission of Mycobacterium tuberculosis from medical waste. AN - 72307409; 11015799 AB - Washington State has a relatively low incidence rate of tuberculosis (TB) infection. However, from May to September 1997, 3 cases of pulmonary TB were reported among medical waste treatment workers at 1 facility in Washington. There is no previous documentation of Mycobacterium tuberculosis transmission as a result of processing medical waste. To identify the source(s) of these 3 TB infections. Interviews of the 3 infected patient-workers and their contacts, review of patient-worker medical records and the state TB registry, and collection of all multidrug-resistant TB (MDR-TB) isolates identified after January 1, 1995, from the facility's catchment area; DNA fingerprinting of all isolates; polymerase chain reaction and automated DNA sequencing to determine genetic mutations associated with drug resistance; and occupational safety and environmental evaluations of the facility. Previous exposures of patient-workers to TB; verification of patient-worker tuberculin skin test histories; identification of other cases of TB in the community and at the facility; drug susceptibility of patient-worker isolates; and potential for worker exposure to live M tuberculosis cultures. All 3 patient-workers were younger than 55 years, were born in the United States, and reported no known exposures to TB. We did not identify other TB cases. The 3 patient-workers' isolates had different DNA fingerprints. One of 10 MDR-TB catchment-area isolates matched an MDR-TB patient-worker isolate by DNA fingerprint pattern. DNA sequencing demonstrated the same rare mutation in these isolates. There was no evidence of personal contact between these 2 individuals. The laboratory that initially processed the matching isolate sent contaminated waste to the treatment facility. The facility accepted contaminated medical waste where it was shredded, blown, compacted, and finally deactivated. Equipment failures, insufficient employee training, and respiratory protective equipment inadequacies were identified at the facility. Processing contaminated medical waste resulted in transmission of M tuberculosis to at least 1 medical waste treatment facility worker. JAMA. 2000;284:1683-1688. JF - JAMA AU - Johnson, K R AU - Braden, C R AU - Cairns, K L AU - Field, K W AU - Colombel, A C AU - Yang, Z AU - Woodley, C L AU - Morlock, G P AU - Weber, A M AU - Boudreau, A Y AU - Bell, T A AU - Onorato, I M AU - Valway, S E AU - Stehr-Green, P A AD - Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, 1600 Clifton Rd NE, MS E-23, Atlanta, GA 30333, USA. kdj8@cdc.gov Y1 - 2000/10/04/ PY - 2000 DA - 2000 Oct 04 SP - 1683 EP - 1688 VL - 284 IS - 13 SN - 0098-7484, 0098-7484 KW - DNA, Bacterial KW - 0 KW - Medical Waste KW - Abridged Index Medicus KW - Index Medicus KW - Washington -- epidemiology KW - Humans KW - Adult KW - Occupational Diseases -- epidemiology KW - Middle Aged KW - DNA Fingerprinting KW - DNA, Bacterial -- analysis KW - Occupational Exposure KW - Tuberculosis, Pulmonary -- etiology KW - Mycobacterium tuberculosis -- genetics KW - Mycobacterium tuberculosis -- isolation & purification KW - Tuberculosis, Pulmonary -- epidemiology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/72307409?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=JAMA&rft.atitle=Transmission+of+Mycobacterium+tuberculosis+from+medical+waste.&rft.au=Johnson%2C+K+R%3BBraden%2C+C+R%3BCairns%2C+K+L%3BField%2C+K+W%3BColombel%2C+A+C%3BYang%2C+Z%3BWoodley%2C+C+L%3BMorlock%2C+G+P%3BWeber%2C+A+M%3BBoudreau%2C+A+Y%3BBell%2C+T+A%3BOnorato%2C+I+M%3BValway%2C+S+E%3BStehr-Green%2C+P+A&rft.aulast=Johnson&rft.aufirst=K&rft.date=2000-10-04&rft.volume=284&rft.issue=13&rft.spage=1683&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=JAMA&rft.issn=00987484&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 2000-10-18 N1 - Date created - 2000-10-18 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - SuppNotes - Comment In: JAMA. 2000 Oct 4;284(13):1701-2 [11015803] N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Misclassification of physical work exposures as a design issue for musculoskeletal intervention studies. AN - 72437750; 11103839 AB - This study determined the impact of misclassification due to using job titles as surrogate variables for physical work exposures to assess confounding in a study of the preventive effect of back belts on back injury. The authors present retail merchandise data that quantify misclassification from residual confounding by physical work exposures on injury rate ratios when available administrative job titles are used. Job title and direct observation data on 134 workers were used to calculate the percentage to which the job-title-adjusted rate ratio for back injury accounts for confounding by the true physical work exposures, awkward postures, and heavy weight handling. Workers' compensation data, an estimate of the effect of back belts from the literature, and the percentage of adjustment of the rate ratio due to the job title variable were used to calculate the magnitude of bias from the rate ratio adjusted for job title. The job title variable was found to have sensitivities of 97% and 85% and specificities of 68% and 58% for awkward postures and heavy weight handling, respectively. The magnitude of confounding bias remaining for the back-injury rate ratio when the job title surrogate was used was 24% for postures and 45% for heavy weight handling. The administrative job title performed poorly in this setting; residual confounding was sufficient to bias the rate ratio from 2.0 to 1.3. The effect of additional sources of misclassification and the need for better exposure measures than job title are discussed. JF - Scandinavian journal of work, environment & health AU - Gardner, L I AU - Landsittel, D P AU - Nelson, N A AU - Pan, C S AD - Division of Safety Research, National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, Morgantown, West Virginia, USA. lig0@cdc.gov Y1 - 2000/10// PY - 2000 DA - October 2000 SP - 406 EP - 413 VL - 26 IS - 5 SN - 0355-3140, 0355-3140 KW - Index Medicus KW - Humans KW - Confounding Factors (Epidemiology) KW - Pilot Projects KW - Workers' Compensation -- statistics & numerical data KW - Lifting KW - Models, Theoretical KW - Musculoskeletal Diseases -- prevention & control KW - Occupational Diseases -- prevention & control KW - Back Injuries -- prevention & control KW - Work KW - Occupational Diseases -- epidemiology KW - Bias (Epidemiology) KW - Musculoskeletal Diseases -- epidemiology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/72437750?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Scandinavian+journal+of+work%2C+environment+%26+health&rft.atitle=Misclassification+of+physical+work+exposures+as+a+design+issue+for+musculoskeletal+intervention+studies.&rft.au=Gardner%2C+L+I%3BLandsittel%2C+D+P%3BNelson%2C+N+A%3BPan%2C+C+S&rft.aulast=Gardner&rft.aufirst=L&rft.date=2000-10-01&rft.volume=26&rft.issue=5&rft.spage=406&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Scandinavian+journal+of+work%2C+environment+%26+health&rft.issn=03553140&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 2001-05-31 N1 - Date created - 2001-03-06 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Effects of asphalt fume condensate exposure on acute pulmonary responses. AN - 72428893; 11097382 AB - The present study was carried out to characterize the effects of in vitro exposure to paving asphalt fume condensate (AFC) on alveolar macrophage (AM) functions and to monitor acute pulmonary responses to in vivo AFC exposure in rats. For in vitro studies, rat primary AM cultures were incubated with various concentrations of AFC for 24 h at 37 degrees C. AM-conditioned medium was collected and assayed for lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) as a marker of cytotoxicity. Tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-alpha) and interleukin-1 (IL-1) production were assayed in AM-conditioned medium to monitor AM function. The effect of AFC on chemiluminescence (CL) generated by resting AM or AM in response to zymosan or PMA stimulation was also determined as a marker of AM activity. For in vivo studies, rats received either (1) a single intratracheal (IT) instillation of saline, or 0.1 mg or 0.5 mg AFC and were killed 1 or 3 days later; or (2) IT instillation of saline, or 0.1, 0.5, or 2 mg AFC for three consecutive days and were killed the following day. Differential counts of cells harvested by bronchoalveolar lavage were measured to monitor inflammation. Acellular LDH and protein content in the first lavage fluid were measured to monitor damage. CL generation, TNF-alpha and IL-1 production by AM were assayed to monitor AM function. In vitro AFC exposure at <200 microg/ml did not induce cytotoxicity, oxidant generation, or IL-1 production by AM, but it did cause a small but significant increase in TNF-alpha release from AM. In vitro exposure of AM to AFC resulted in a significant decline of CL in response to zymosan or PMA stimulation. The in vivo studies showed that AFC exposure did not induce significant neutrophil infiltration or alter LDH or protein content in acellular lavage samples. Macrophages obtained from AFC-exposed rats did not show significant differences in oxidant production or cytokine secretion at rest or in response to LPS in comparison with control macrophages. These results suggest that: (1) in vitro AFC exposure did not adversely affect cell viability or induce the release of high levels of inflammatory cytokines or oxidants; and (2) exposure of rats to AFC did not cause acute pulmonary inflammation or injury, and did not significantly alter AM functions. JF - Archives of toxicology AU - Ma, J Y AU - Barger, M W AU - Kriech, A J AU - Castranova, V AD - Health Effects Laboratory Division, National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, Morgantown, West Virginia 26505-2888, USA. jym1@cdc.gov Y1 - 2000/10// PY - 2000 DA - October 2000 SP - 452 EP - 459 VL - 74 IS - 8 SN - 0340-5761, 0340-5761 KW - Hydrocarbons KW - 0 KW - Interleukin-1 KW - Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons KW - Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha KW - asphalt KW - 8052-42-4 KW - Index Medicus KW - Rats KW - Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons -- toxicity KW - Occupational Exposure KW - Animals KW - Rats, Sprague-Dawley KW - Interleukin-1 -- biosynthesis KW - Luminescent Measurements KW - Cells, Cultured KW - In Vitro Techniques KW - Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha -- biosynthesis KW - Male KW - Lung -- drug effects KW - Lung -- pathology KW - Hydrocarbons -- toxicity KW - Macrophages, Alveolar -- drug effects KW - Macrophages, Alveolar -- physiology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/72428893?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Archives+of+toxicology&rft.atitle=Effects+of+asphalt+fume+condensate+exposure+on+acute+pulmonary+responses.&rft.au=Ma%2C+J+Y%3BBarger%2C+M+W%3BKriech%2C+A+J%3BCastranova%2C+V&rft.aulast=Ma&rft.aufirst=J&rft.date=2000-10-01&rft.volume=74&rft.issue=8&rft.spage=452&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Archives+of+toxicology&rft.issn=03405761&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 2001-03-01 N1 - Date created - 2001-02-23 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Transmission of Mycobacterium tuberculosis among employees in a US government office, Gaborone, Botswana. AN - 72370409; 11055764 AB - A US government office located in Botswana where two office employees, one negative and one positive for the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV), were diagnosed with pulmonary tuberculosis (TB) in January 1998. One employee had been symptomatic with untreated laryngeal TB for 8 months. To determine the extent of and risk factors for TB transmission in the office. Office contacts were interviewed and a tuberculin skin test (TST) was performed. A positive TST was defined as > or = 10 mm induration for employees from countries where TB is highly endemic, and as > or = 5 mm induration for those from low prevalence counties. Of 79 office contacts investigated, 54/57 (94.7%) born in high TB prevalence countries had a positive TST compared with 4/22 (18.2%) from low prevalence countries (RR 5.1, 95% CI 2.1-12.7, P < 0.001). Of 20 US-born contacts, three (15%) had documented TST conversion, two of whom were co-workers of the employee with laryngeal TB. Isolates of Mycobacterium tuberculosis from the TB cases had matching DNA fingerprints. Delayed diagnosis in a setting of high TB prevalence may have contributed to transmission within a US government office located in Botswana. Transmission may have been underestimated due to the high background prevalence of tuberculous infection in the population. Recent tuberculous transmission to persons living with HIV infection may be playing an important role in the escalating TB epidemic in Africa. JF - The international journal of tuberculosis and lung disease : the official journal of the International Union against Tuberculosis and Lung Disease AU - Kenyon, T A AU - Copeland, J E AU - Moeti, T AU - Oyewo, R AU - Binkin, N AD - The BOTUSA Project, Gaborone, Botswana. tak8@cdc.gov Y1 - 2000/10// PY - 2000 DA - October 2000 SP - 962 EP - 967 VL - 4 IS - 10 SN - 1027-3719, 1027-3719 KW - Index Medicus KW - Botswana -- epidemiology KW - Government KW - Risk Factors KW - Humans KW - Adult KW - Mycobacterium tuberculosis -- pathogenicity KW - Mycobacterium tuberculosis -- isolation & purification KW - Tuberculin Test KW - Male KW - Female KW - Prevalence KW - Occupational Exposure KW - Tuberculosis, Pulmonary -- transmission KW - Tuberculosis, Pulmonary -- epidemiology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/72370409?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+international+journal+of+tuberculosis+and+lung+disease+%3A+the+official+journal+of+the+International+Union+against+Tuberculosis+and+Lung+Disease&rft.atitle=Transmission+of+Mycobacterium+tuberculosis+among+employees+in+a+US+government+office%2C+Gaborone%2C+Botswana.&rft.au=Kenyon%2C+T+A%3BCopeland%2C+J+E%3BMoeti%2C+T%3BOyewo%2C+R%3BBinkin%2C+N&rft.aulast=Kenyon&rft.aufirst=T&rft.date=2000-10-01&rft.volume=4&rft.issue=10&rft.spage=962&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=The+international+journal+of+tuberculosis+and+lung+disease+%3A+the+official+journal+of+the+International+Union+against+Tuberculosis+and+Lung+Disease&rft.issn=10273719&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 2001-02-08 N1 - Date created - 2001-01-29 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - A comparison of different postures for scaffold end-frame disassembly. AN - 72366269; 11059464 AB - Overexertion and fall injuries comprise the largest category of nonfatal injuries among scaffold workers. This study was conducted to identify the most favourable scaffold end-frame disassembly techniques and evaluate the associated slip potential by measuring whole-body isometric strength capability and required coefficient of friction (RCOF) to reduce the incidence of injury. Forty-six male construction workers were used to study seven typical postures associated with scaffold end-frame disassembly. An analysis of variance (ANOVA) showed that the isometric forces (334.4-676.3 N) resulting from the seven postures were significantly different (p < 0.05). Three of the disassembly postures resulted in considerable biomechanical stress to workers. The symmetric front-lift method with hand locations at knuckle height would be the most favourable posture; at least 93% of the male construction worker population could handle the end frame with minimum overexertion risk. The static RCOF value resulting from this posture during the disassembly phase was less than 0.2, thus the likelihood of a slip should be low. JF - Applied ergonomics AU - Cutlip, R AU - Hsiao, H AU - Garcia, R AU - Becker, E AU - Mayeux, B AD - National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, Division of Safety Research, Morgantown, WV 26505, USA. rgc8@cdc.gov Y1 - 2000/10// PY - 2000 DA - October 2000 SP - 507 EP - 513 VL - 31 IS - 5 SN - 0003-6870, 0003-6870 KW - Index Medicus KW - Anthropometry KW - Accidents, Occupational -- prevention & control KW - Isometric Contraction -- physiology KW - Analysis of Variance KW - Random Allocation KW - Humans KW - Linear Models KW - Adult KW - Accidental Falls -- prevention & control KW - Middle Aged KW - Adolescent KW - Muscles -- physiology KW - Male KW - Occupational Health -- statistics & numerical data KW - Posture -- physiology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/72366269?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Applied+ergonomics&rft.atitle=A+comparison+of+different+postures+for+scaffold+end-frame+disassembly.&rft.au=Cutlip%2C+R%3BHsiao%2C+H%3BGarcia%2C+R%3BBecker%2C+E%3BMayeux%2C+B&rft.aulast=Cutlip&rft.aufirst=R&rft.date=2000-10-01&rft.volume=31&rft.issue=5&rft.spage=507&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Applied+ergonomics&rft.issn=00036870&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 2001-02-08 N1 - Date created - 2001-02-08 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Cyclospora cayetanensis: a review, focusing on the outbreaks of cyclosporiasis in the 1990s. AN - 72360497; 11049789 AB - Cyclospora cayetanensis, a coccidian parasite that causes protracted, relapsing gastroenteritis, has a short recorded history. In retrospect, the first 3 documented human cases of Cyclospora infection were diagnosed in 1977 and 1978. However, not much was published about the organism until the 1990s. One of the surprises has been the fact that a parasite that likely requires days to weeks outside the host to become infectious has repeatedly caused foodborne outbreaks, including large multistate outbreaks in the United States and Canada. In this review, I discuss what has been learned about this enigmatic parasite since its discovery and what some of the remaining questions are. My focus is the foodborne and waterborne outbreaks of cyclosporiasis that were documented from 1990 through 1999. The occurrence of the outbreaks highlights the need for health care personnel to consider that seemingly isolated cases of infection could be part of widespread outbreaks and should be reported to public health officials. Health care personnel should also be aware that stool specimens examined for ova and parasites usually are not examined for Cyclospora unless such testing is specifically requested and that Cyclospora infection is treatable with trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole. JF - Clinical infectious diseases : an official publication of the Infectious Diseases Society of America AU - Herwaldt, B L AD - Division of Parasitic Diseases, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA 30341-3724, USA. bxh4@cdc.gov Y1 - 2000/10// PY - 2000 DA - October 2000 SP - 1040 EP - 1057 VL - 31 IS - 4 SN - 1058-4838, 1058-4838 KW - Water KW - 059QF0KO0R KW - Trimethoprim, Sulfamethoxazole Drug Combination KW - 8064-90-2 KW - Index Medicus KW - Animals KW - Foodborne Diseases -- epidemiology KW - Gastroenteritis -- diagnosis KW - Humans KW - Trimethoprim, Sulfamethoxazole Drug Combination -- therapeutic use KW - Food Parasitology KW - Gastroenteritis -- epidemiology KW - Fruit -- parasitology KW - Canada -- epidemiology KW - Cyclospora -- isolation & purification KW - Feces -- parasitology KW - Water -- parasitology KW - United States -- epidemiology KW - Gastroenteritis -- drug therapy KW - Cyclosporiasis -- epidemiology KW - Cyclosporiasis -- diagnosis KW - Disease Outbreaks KW - Cyclosporiasis -- drug therapy UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/72360497?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Clinical+infectious+diseases+%3A+an+official+publication+of+the+Infectious+Diseases+Society+of+America&rft.atitle=Cyclospora+cayetanensis%3A+a+review%2C+focusing+on+the+outbreaks+of+cyclosporiasis+in+the+1990s.&rft.au=Herwaldt%2C+B+L&rft.aulast=Herwaldt&rft.aufirst=B&rft.date=2000-10-01&rft.volume=31&rft.issue=4&rft.spage=1040&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Clinical+infectious+diseases+%3A+an+official+publication+of+the+Infectious+Diseases+Society+of+America&rft.issn=10584838&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 2001-02-02 N1 - Date created - 2001-02-02 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Tuberculosis (TB) and HIV infection are independently associated with elevated serum concentrations of tumour necrosis factor receptor type 1 and beta sub(2)-microglobulin, respectively AN - 18247393; 5306893 AB - The aim of this study was to identify immune markers that are independently associated with HIV infection or TB in vivo. Using commercially available assays, we measured concentrations of five immune markers in sera from 175 out-patients attending medical clinics in Cote D'Ivoire and Ghana, West Africa. Patients were categorized into groups with TB only (TB super(+)HIV super(-), n = 55), TB and HIV co-infection (TB super(+)HIV super(+), n = 50), HIV infection only (TB super(-)HIV super(+), n = 35), or neither infection (TB super(-)HIV super(-), n = 35). TB super(+)HIV super(+) and TB super(-)HIV super(+) groups were matched for blood CD4 super(+) lymphocyte count. Mean plus or minus s.d. concentrations of beta sub(2)-microglobulin were similarly increased in both the TB super(-)HIV super(+) (5.3 plus or minus 2.1 mu g/ml, P < 0.0001) and the TB super(+)HIV super(+) (5.0 plus or minus 1.5 mu g/ml, P < 0.0001) groups compared with the TB super(-)HIV super(-) group (2.2 plus or minus 1.8 mu g/ml), but were only slightly increased in the TB super(+)HIV super(-) group (3.2 plus or minus 1.8 mu g/ml, P = 0.01). In contrast, mean serum concentrations of soluble tumour necrosis factor receptor type I (sTNF-RI) were similarly elevated in the TB super(+)HIV super(-) (1873 plus or minus 799 pg/ml, P < 0.0001) and TB super(+)HIV super(+) (1797 plus or minus 571 pg/ml, P < 0.0001) groups compared with uninfected subjects (906 plus or minus 613 pg/ml), but there was only a small increase in sTNF-RI in the TB super(-)HIV super(+) group (1231 plus or minus 165 pg/ml, P = 0.03). Both TB and HIV infection were associated with substantial elevation of serum concentrations of soluble CD8, soluble CD54, and sTNF-R type II. Analysis of additional samples from groups of TB super(+)HIV super(-) and TB super(+)HIV super(+) patients receiving anti-TB treatment showed significant and equal reductions in mean serum sTNF-RI concentrations, but no significant change in mean beta sub(2)-microglobulin. Thus, serum beta sub(2)-microglobulin and sTNF-RI serve as relatively independent markers of HIV infection and TB, respectively, in studies of co-infected persons. JF - Clinical and Experimental Immunology AU - Lawn, S D AU - Rudolph, D AU - Wiktor, S AU - Coulibaly, D AU - Ackah, A AU - Lal, R B AD - HIV and Retrovirology Branch, Division of AIDS, STD, and TB Laboratory Research, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Public Health Service, U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, Atlanta, GA, USA, and Projet Retro-CI and Centres Antituberculeux, Abidjan, Cote D'Ivoire, West Africa, sil3@cdc.gov Y1 - 2000/10// PY - 2000 DA - Oct 2000 SP - 79 EP - 84 PB - Blackwell Science Ltd VL - 122 IS - 1 SN - 0009-9104, 0009-9104 KW - infection KW - man KW - HIV KW - beta -Microglobulin KW - beta 2-microglobulin KW - tumor necrosis factor receptors KW - Microbiology Abstracts B: Bacteriology; Virology & AIDS Abstracts; Immunology Abstracts KW - b2-microglobulin KW - ^b-Microglobulin KW - Ghana KW - Acquired immune deficiency syndrome KW - Tumor necrosis factor KW - Human immunodeficiency virus KW - Africa, West KW - Tuberculosis KW - Cote d'Ivoire KW - Markers KW - Mycobacterium tuberculosis KW - F 06801:Bacteria KW - J 02833:Immune response and immune mechanisms KW - V 22003:AIDS: Immunological aspects UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/18247393?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologyb&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Clinical+and+Experimental+Immunology&rft.atitle=Tuberculosis+%28TB%29+and+HIV+infection+are+independently+associated+with+elevated+serum+concentrations+of+tumour+necrosis+factor+receptor+type+1+and+beta+sub%282%29-microglobulin%2C+respectively&rft.au=Lawn%2C+S+D%3BRudolph%2C+D%3BWiktor%2C+S%3BCoulibaly%2C+D%3BAckah%2C+A%3BLal%2C+R+B&rft.aulast=Lawn&rft.aufirst=S&rft.date=2000-10-01&rft.volume=122&rft.issue=1&rft.spage=79&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Clinical+and+Experimental+Immunology&rft.issn=00099104&rft_id=info:doi/10.1046%2Fj.1365-2249.2000.01341.x LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Mycobacterium tuberculosis; Human immunodeficiency virus; Cote d'Ivoire; Ghana; Africa, West; Tuberculosis; Acquired immune deficiency syndrome; Markers; Tumor necrosis factor DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1046/j.1365-2249.2000.01341.x ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Association Between Crack Cocaine Use and High-Risk Sexual Behaviors After HIV Diagnosis AN - 18011804; 4853936 AB - To describe the prevalence of crack cocaine use in an HIV-infected population and to examine the association between crack use after HIV diagnosis and high-risk sexual behaviors for heterosexual men, heterosexual women, and men who have sex with men (MSM). Analysis of cross-sectional interviews conducted from January 1995 through December 1998 with HIV infected adults in 12 states. Of 10,415 persons with HIV or AIDS, 66.6% never used crack, 10.7% used crack before HIV diagnosis but not after, and 22.7% used crack after diagnosis. High-risk sexual behaviors were more prevalent among those who had ever used crack and were most prevalent among those who used crack after diagnosis. In multivariable analyses, crack use after diagnosis was associated with having multiple sex partners and trading sex for drugs/money in all three groups: heterosexual men, heterosexual women, and MSM. For heterosexual women and MSM, crack use after diagnosis was associated with unprotected sex with a main partner, and among heterosexual men and MSM, with unprotected sex with casual partners. Crack use after HIV diagnosis was associated with high-risk sexual behaviors. Treatment programs to assist people in quitting crack are needed to help reduce the risk of HIV transmission from this population. JF - JAIDS Journal of Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndromes AU - Campsmith, M L AU - Nakashima, A K AU - Jones, J L AD - Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Mailstop E-47, 1600 Clifton Road NE, Atlanta, GA 30333, USA, mgc4@cdc.gov Y1 - 2000/10// PY - 2000 DA - Oct 2000 SP - 192 EP - 198 VL - 25 IS - 2 SN - 1525-4135, 1525-4135 KW - HIV KW - crack KW - sex partners KW - crack cocaine KW - drug abuse KW - homosexuality KW - sexual behavior KW - Risk Abstracts; Health & Safety Science Abstracts; Virology & AIDS Abstracts KW - Human immunodeficiency virus KW - Heterosexuality KW - Homosexuality KW - Cocaine KW - Drug abuse KW - Sexual behavior KW - H 11000:Diseases/Injuries/Trauma KW - V 22006:AIDS: Other aspects KW - R2 23060:Medical and environmental health UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/18011804?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Ariskabstracts&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=JAIDS+Journal+of+Acquired+Immune+Deficiency+Syndromes&rft.atitle=Association+Between+Crack+Cocaine+Use+and+High-Risk+Sexual+Behaviors+After+HIV+Diagnosis&rft.au=Campsmith%2C+M+L%3BNakashima%2C+A+K%3BJones%2C+J+L&rft.aulast=Campsmith&rft.aufirst=M&rft.date=2000-10-01&rft.volume=25&rft.issue=2&rft.spage=192&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=JAIDS+Journal+of+Acquired+Immune+Deficiency+Syndromes&rft.issn=15254135&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Human immunodeficiency virus; Homosexuality; Heterosexuality; Drug abuse; Cocaine; Sexual behavior ER - TY - JOUR T1 - The Association of Sexual Behaviors With Socioeconomic Status, Family Structure, and Race/Ethnicity Among US Adolescents AN - 18006849; 4775447 AB - Objectives. This study assessed the relation of socioeconomic status (SES), family structure, and race/ethnicity to adolescent sexual behaviors that are key determinants of pregnancy and sexually transmitted diseases (STDs). Methods. The 1992 Youth Risk Behavior Survey/Supplement of the National Health Interview Survey provided family data from household adults and behavioral data from adolescents. Results. Among male and female adolescents, greater parental education, living in a 2-parent family, and White race were independently associated with never having had sexual intercourse. Parental education did not show a linear association with other behaviors. Household income was not linearly related to any sexual behavior. Adjustment of SES and family structure had a limited effect on the association between race/ethnicity and sexual behaviors. Conclusions. Differences in adolescent sexual behavior by race and SES were not large enough to fully explain difference in rates of pregnancy and STD infection. This suggests that other factors, including access to health services and community prevalence of STDs, may be important mediating variables between SES and STD transmission and pregnancy among adolescents. JF - American Journal of Public Health AU - Santelli, J S AU - Lowry, R AU - Brener, N D AU - Robin, L AD - CDC, 4770 Buford Hwy, Mailstop K20, Atlanta, GA 30341, USA, jsantelli@cdc.gov Y1 - 2000/10// PY - 2000 DA - Oct 2000 SP - 1582 EP - 1588 VL - 90 IS - 10 SN - 0090-0036, 0090-0036 KW - sexual behavior KW - sexually transmitted diseases KW - Health & Safety Science Abstracts KW - Education KW - Socioeconomics KW - Adolescents KW - Ethnic groups KW - Pregnancy KW - H 11000:Diseases/Injuries/Trauma UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/18006849?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Ahealthsafetyabstracts&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=American+Journal+of+Public+Health&rft.atitle=The+Association+of+Sexual+Behaviors+With+Socioeconomic+Status%2C+Family+Structure%2C+and+Race%2FEthnicity+Among+US+Adolescents&rft.au=Santelli%2C+J+S%3BLowry%2C+R%3BBrener%2C+N+D%3BRobin%2C+L&rft.aulast=Santelli&rft.aufirst=J&rft.date=2000-10-01&rft.volume=90&rft.issue=10&rft.spage=1582&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=American+Journal+of+Public+Health&rft.issn=00900036&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Education; Ethnic groups; Adolescents; Socioeconomics; Pregnancy ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Classification, identification, and clinical significance of Proteus, Providencia, and Morganella AN - 17877087; 5123611 AB - This review presents the current taxonomy of the genera Proteus, Providencia, and Morganella, along with the current methods for the identification of each species within the three genera, incorporating both conventional biochemical and commercial methods. While all of these organisms are ubiquitous in the environment, individual case reports and nosocomial outbreak reports that demonstrate their ability to cause major infectious disease problems are presented. Lastly, anticipated antimicrobial susceptibility patterns are reviewed. Many of these organisms are easily controlled, but the advent of newer and more powerful antimicrobial agents has led to some problems of which laboratorians need to be aware. JF - Clinical Microbiology Reviews AU - O'Hara, C M AU - Brenner, F W AU - Miller, J M AD - Mailstop C16, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA 30333, USA, cmo1@cdc.gov Y1 - 2000/10// PY - 2000 DA - Oct 2000 SP - 534 EP - 546 VL - 13 IS - 4 SN - 0893-8512, 0893-8512 KW - genera KW - Microbiology Abstracts B: Bacteriology KW - Phenotyping KW - Proteus KW - Genotyping KW - Reviews KW - Nosocomial infection KW - Morganella KW - Providencia KW - Taxonomy KW - Evolutionary genetics KW - Antibacterial agents KW - J 02710:Identification, taxonomy and typing UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/17877087?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologyb&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Clinical+Microbiology+Reviews&rft.atitle=Classification%2C+identification%2C+and+clinical+significance+of+Proteus%2C+Providencia%2C+and+Morganella&rft.au=O%27Hara%2C+C+M%3BBrenner%2C+F+W%3BMiller%2C+J+M&rft.aulast=O%27Hara&rft.aufirst=C&rft.date=2000-10-01&rft.volume=13&rft.issue=4&rft.spage=534&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Clinical+Microbiology+Reviews&rft.issn=08938512&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Proteus; Providencia; Morganella; Evolutionary genetics; Reviews; Taxonomy; Genotyping; Phenotyping; Nosocomial infection; Antibacterial agents ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Limiting the spread of resistant pneumococci: biological and epidemiologic evidence for the effectiveness of alternative interventions AN - 17875830; 5123615 AB - Streptococcus pneumoniae infections are a leading cause of respiratory illness in young children, the elderly, and persons with chronic medical conditions. The emergence of multidrug-resistant pneumococci has compromised the effectiveness of antibiotic therapy for pneumococcal infections. As antibiotic-resistant strains increase in prevalence, there is a need for interventions that minimize the spread of resistant pneumococci. In this review we provide a framework for understanding the spread of pneumococcal resistance and evaluate proposed interventions to reduce this spread. Pneumococci differ from many drug-resistant pathogens because asymptomatic carriers play a key role in transmission of resistant strains and the genes encoding resistance are spread primarily by transformation and conjugative transposons. Evidence suggests that modifications of treatment regimens that have proved effective at limiting resistance in other pathogens may not prevent the spread of pneumococcal resistance. In contrast, programs encouraging more judicious antibiotic use have been shown to be effective. Additionally, a newly developed conjugate pneumococcal vaccine holds great potential as an 'antiresistance vaccine' that simultaneously reduces the burden of invasive disease and the prevalence of resistant strains. Several areas of future epidemiologic and laboratory research hold promise to contribute to the reduced spread of pneumococcal resistance. JF - Clinical Microbiology Reviews AU - Schrag, S J AU - Beall, B AU - Dowell, S F AD - Respiratory Diseases Branch, MS-C23, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, 1600 Clifton Rd., Atlanta, GA 30333, USA, zha6@cdc.gov Y1 - 2000/10// PY - 2000 DA - Oct 2000 SP - 588 EP - 601 VL - 13 IS - 4 SN - 0893-8512, 0893-8512 KW - Xylitol sugar KW - Microbiology Abstracts B: Bacteriology KW - Streptococcus pneumoniae KW - Epidemiology KW - Disease control KW - Vaccines KW - Antibiotic resistance KW - Pneumonia KW - J 02795:Antibiotic resistance UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/17875830?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologyb&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Clinical+Microbiology+Reviews&rft.atitle=Limiting+the+spread+of+resistant+pneumococci%3A+biological+and+epidemiologic+evidence+for+the+effectiveness+of+alternative+interventions&rft.au=Schrag%2C+S+J%3BBeall%2C+B%3BDowell%2C+S+F&rft.aulast=Schrag&rft.aufirst=S&rft.date=2000-10-01&rft.volume=13&rft.issue=4&rft.spage=588&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Clinical+Microbiology+Reviews&rft.issn=08938512&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Streptococcus pneumoniae; Pneumonia; Epidemiology; Antibiotic resistance; Disease control; Vaccines ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Incidence of Rocky Mountain Spotted Fever among American Indians in Oklahoma AN - 17847716; 4880415 AB - Although the state of Oklahoma has traditionally reported very high incidence rates of Rocky Mountain spotted fever (RMSF) cases, the incidence of RMSF among the American Indian population of the state has not been studied. The authors used data from several sources to estimate the incidence of RMSF among American Indians in Oklahoma. The authors retrospectively reviewed an Indian Health Service (IHS) hospital discharge database for 1980-1996 and available medical charts from four IHS hospitals. The authors also reviewed RMSF case report forms submitted to the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) for 1981-1996. The study data show that American Indians in the IHS Oklahoma City Area were hospitalized with RMSF at an annual rate of 48.2 per million population, compared with an estimated hospitalization rate of 16.9 per million Oklahoma residents. The majority of cases in the IHS database (69%) were diagnosed based on clinical suspicion rather than laboratory confirmation. The incidence of RMSF for Oklahoma American Indians as reported to the CDC was 37.4 cases per million, compared with 21.6 per million for all Oklahoma residents (RR 1.7, 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.5, 2.1). Rates derived from the IHS database may not be comparable to state and national rates because of differences in case inclusion criteria. However, an analysis of case report forms indicates that American Indians in Oklahoma have a significantly higher incidence of RMSF than that of the overall Oklahoma population. Oklahoma American Indians may benefit from educational campaigns emphasizing prevention of tick bites and exposure to tick habitats. JF - Public Health Reports AU - McQuiston, J H AU - Holman, R C AU - Groom, A V AU - Kaufman, S F AU - Cheek, JE AU - Childs, JE AD - CDC, MS G-13, 1600 Clifton Rd., Atlanta GA, USA, fzh7@cdc.gov Y1 - 2000/10// PY - 2000 DA - Oct 2000 SP - 469 EP - 475 VL - 115 IS - 5 SN - 0033-3549, 0033-3549 KW - American Indians KW - ticks KW - USA, Oklahoma KW - Ixodes KW - Rickettsia KW - Rocky Mountain spotted fever KW - Microbiology Abstracts B: Bacteriology; Health & Safety Science Abstracts KW - Education KW - Habitat KW - Ethnic groups KW - Public health KW - J 02855:Human Bacteriology: Others KW - H 11000:Diseases/Injuries/Trauma UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/17847716?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologyb&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Public+Health+Reports&rft.atitle=Incidence+of+Rocky+Mountain+Spotted+Fever+among+American+Indians+in+Oklahoma&rft.au=McQuiston%2C+J+H%3BHolman%2C+R+C%3BGroom%2C+A+V%3BKaufman%2C+S+F%3BCheek%2C+JE%3BChilds%2C+JE&rft.aulast=McQuiston&rft.aufirst=J&rft.date=2000-10-01&rft.volume=115&rft.issue=5&rft.spage=469&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Public+Health+Reports&rft.issn=00333549&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Rickettsia; Ixodes; Public health; Education; Ethnic groups; Habitat ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Levels of Seven Urinary Phthalate Metabolites in a Human Reference Population AN - 17777605; 4826214 AB - Using a novel and highly selective technique, we measured monoester metabolites of seven commonly used phthalates in urine samples from a reference population of 289 adult humans. This analytical approach allowed us to directly measure the individual phthalate metabolites responsible for the animal reproductive and developmental toxicity while avoiding contamination from the ubiquitous parent compounds. The monoesters with the highest urinary levels found were monoethyl phthalate (95th percentile, 3,750 ppb, 2,610 mu g/g creatinine), monobutyl phthalate (95th percentile, 294 ppb, 162 mu g/g creatinine), and monobenzyl phthalate (95th percentile, 137 ppb, 92 mu g/g creatine), reflecting exposure to diethyl phthalate, dibutyl phthalate, and benzyl butyl phthalate. Women of reproductive age (20-40 years) were found to have significantly higher levels of monobutyl phthalate, a reproductive and developmental toxicant in rodents, than other age/gender groups (p < 0.005). Current scientific and regulatory attention on phthalates has focused almost exclusively on health risks from exposure to only two phthalates, di-(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate and di-isononyl phthalate. Our findings strongly suggest that health-risk assessments for phthalate exposure in humans should include diethyl, dibutyl, and benzyl butyl phthalates. JF - Environmental Health Perspectives AU - Blount, B C AU - Silva, MJ AU - Caudill, S P AU - Needham, L L AU - Pirkle, J L AU - Sampson, E J AU - Lucier, G W AU - Jackson, R J AU - Brock, J W AD - National Center for Environmental Health, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, 4770 Buford Highway MS F-17, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA, jwb6@cdc.gov Y1 - 2000/10// PY - 2000 DA - Oct 2000 SP - 979 EP - 982 VL - 108 IS - 10 SN - 0091-6765, 0091-6765 KW - man KW - metabolites KW - benzyl butyl phthalate KW - diethyl phthalate KW - monobenzyl phthalate KW - monobutyl phthalate KW - monoethyl phthalate KW - n-Butyl phthalate KW - phthalic acid KW - Toxicology Abstracts KW - Risk assessment KW - Urine KW - Reproduction KW - X 24153:Metabolism UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/17777605?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxicologyabstracts&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Environmental+Health+Perspectives&rft.atitle=Levels+of+Seven+Urinary+Phthalate+Metabolites+in+a+Human+Reference+Population&rft.au=Blount%2C+B+C%3BSilva%2C+MJ%3BCaudill%2C+S+P%3BNeedham%2C+L+L%3BPirkle%2C+J+L%3BSampson%2C+E+J%3BLucier%2C+G+W%3BJackson%2C+R+J%3BBrock%2C+J+W&rft.aulast=Blount&rft.aufirst=B&rft.date=2000-10-01&rft.volume=108&rft.issue=10&rft.spage=979&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Environmental+Health+Perspectives&rft.issn=00916765&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Reproduction; Risk assessment; Urine ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Detection of antibodies reactive with Ehrlichia chaffeensis in the raccoon AN - 17766060; 4824817 AB - Antibodies reactive with Ehrlichia chaffeensis were detected in raccoon (Procyon lotor) serum samples by using an indirect immunofluorescence assay. Samples from 411 raccoons trapped in the southeastern United States from 1977 to 1999 were tested. Serologically reactive samples with reciprocal titers of greater than or equal to 16 were detected from 83 raccoons (20%) from 13 of 16 counties in eight states, indicating that raccoons are commonly exposed to E. chaffeensis. Samples collected as early as 1977 were positive. A polymerase chain reaction assay specific for E. chaffeensis failed to detect the presence of ehrlichial DNA in serum samples from 20 representative seroreactive raccoons. Because of serologic cross-reactivity among antigens derived from different Ehrlichia spp., additional immunologic, molecular, or culture-based studies will be required to confirm E. chaffeensis infections of raccoons in the southeastern United States. JF - Journal of Wildlife Diseases AU - Comer, JA AU - Nicholson, W L AU - Paddock, C D AU - Sumner, J W AU - Childs, JE AD - Viral and Rickettsial Zoonoses Branch, National Center for Infectious Diseases, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia 30333, USA, jnc0@cdc.gov Y1 - 2000/10// PY - 2000 DA - Oct 2000 SP - 705 EP - 712 VL - 36 IS - 4 SN - 0090-3558, 0090-3558 KW - Raccoon KW - USA KW - Microbiology Abstracts B: Bacteriology KW - Antibodies KW - Procyon lotor KW - Ehrlichia chaffeensis KW - Immunoassays KW - J 02862:Infection UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/17766060?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologyb&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Wildlife+Diseases&rft.atitle=Detection+of+antibodies+reactive+with+Ehrlichia+chaffeensis+in+the+raccoon&rft.au=Comer%2C+JA%3BNicholson%2C+W+L%3BPaddock%2C+C+D%3BSumner%2C+J+W%3BChilds%2C+JE&rft.aulast=Comer&rft.aufirst=JA&rft.date=2000-10-01&rft.volume=36&rft.issue=4&rft.spage=705&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+Wildlife+Diseases&rft.issn=00903558&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Ehrlichia chaffeensis; Procyon lotor; Immunoassays; Antibodies ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Pneumococcal pspA Sequence Types of Prevalent Multiresistant Pneumococcal Strains in the United States and of Internationally Disseminated Clones AN - 17642283; 4776860 AB - In a recent genotypic survey of beta -lactam-resistant pneumococci recovered in different areas of United States during 1997, eight clonal types that each represented 3 to 40 isolates accounted for 134 of 144 isolates. We determined the degree of pspA gene diversity among these 134 isolates and for 11 previously characterized internationally disseminated multiresistant strains. Thirty-four different pspA restriction profiles were determined for an amplicon encompassing the variable portion of the structural gene that encodes the surface-exposed domain of PspA and a variable-length proline-rich putative cell wall-associated domain. These restriction profiles closely correlated with those of 33 different pspA sequence types of an approximately 230-residue region corresponding to residues 182 to 410 of the strain Rx1 PspA. These residues encompass a 100-residue clade-defining region known to contain cross-protective epitopes for which 17 sequence types were found. Distinct, conserved pspA sequence types were found for the majority of strains within seven of the eight U.S. clonal types assessed, while one pulsed-field gel electrophoresis type was represented by isolates of three distinct PspA clades. Sequence typing of pspA provides an added level of specificity in the subtyping of isolates and is a necessary first step in determining the components needed in a PspA vaccine which could elicit effective cross-protective coverage. JF - Journal of Clinical Microbiology AU - Beall, B AU - Gherardi, G AU - Facklam, R R AU - Hollingshead, S K AD - Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Mailstop C02, 1600 Clifton Rd., NE, Atlanta, GA 30333, USA, beb0@cdc.gov Y1 - 2000/10// PY - 2000 DA - Oct 2000 SP - 3663 EP - 3669 VL - 38 IS - 10 SN - 0095-1137, 0095-1137 KW - clones KW - PspA protein KW - beta -Lactam antibiotics KW - pspA gene KW - Microbiology Abstracts B: Bacteriology; Microbiology Abstracts A: Industrial & Applied Microbiology KW - b-Lactam antibiotics KW - ^b-Lactam antibiotics KW - USA KW - Streptococcus pneumoniae KW - Typing KW - Multiantibiotic resistance KW - Antibiotic resistance KW - A 01064:Microbial resistance KW - J 02710:Identification, taxonomy and typing KW - J 02795:Antibiotic resistance UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/17642283?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologyb&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Clinical+Microbiology&rft.atitle=Pneumococcal+pspA+Sequence+Types+of+Prevalent+Multiresistant+Pneumococcal+Strains+in+the+United+States+and+of+Internationally+Disseminated+Clones&rft.au=Beall%2C+B%3BGherardi%2C+G%3BFacklam%2C+R+R%3BHollingshead%2C+S+K&rft.aulast=Beall&rft.aufirst=B&rft.date=2000-10-01&rft.volume=38&rft.issue=10&rft.spage=3663&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+Clinical+Microbiology&rft.issn=00951137&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Streptococcus pneumoniae; USA; Antibiotic resistance; Multiantibiotic resistance; Typing; ^b-Lactam antibiotics ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Evaluation of the MicroScan Rapid Neg ID3 Panel for Identification of Enterobacteriaceae and Some Common Gram-Negative Nonfermenters AN - 17639549; 4776855 AB - The MicroScan Rapid Neg ID3 panel (Dade Behring, Inc., West Sacramento, Calif.) is designed for the identification of gram-negative bacilli. We evaluated its ability to accurately identify Enterobacteriaceae that are routinely encountered in a clinical laboratory and glucose nonfermenting gram-negative bacilli. Using 511 stock cultures that were maintained at -70 degree C and passaged three times before use, we inoculated panels according to the manufacturer's instructions and processed them in a Walk/Away instrument using version 22.01 software. The time to identification was 2 h and 30 min. All panel identifications were compared to reference identifications previously determined by conventional tube biochemicals. At the end of the initial 2.5-h incubation period, 405 (79.3%) identifications were correct. An additional 49 (9.6%) isolates were correctly identified after required additional off-line biochemical tests were performed. Thus, at 24 h, 88.8% of the 511 strains tested were correctly identified. Twenty-two (4.3%) were identified to the genus level only. Twenty-six (5.1%) strains were misidentified. Because the system is based on fluorogenics, there are no conventional tests readily available with which to compare possibly incorrect reactions. Of the 28 Salmonella strains that were tested, 5 were incorrectly reported. The 21 remaining errors were scattered among the genera tested. Testing on nine strains gave a result of "no identification" (very rare biotype). The Rapid Neg ID3 panel in this study approached 89% accuracy for the identification of gram-negative organisms encountered in the hospital laboratory. JF - Journal of Clinical Microbiology AU - O'Hara, C M AU - Miller, J M AD - Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Mailstop C16, Atlanta, GA 30333, USA, cmo1@cdc.gov Y1 - 2000/10// PY - 2000 DA - Oct 2000 SP - 3577 EP - 3580 VL - 38 IS - 10 SN - 0095-1137, 0095-1137 KW - MicroScan KW - identification KW - tests KW - Microbiology Abstracts B: Bacteriology; Microbiology Abstracts A: Industrial & Applied Microbiology KW - Non-fermentative gram-negative bacteria KW - Gram-negative bacilli KW - Diagnostic agents KW - Enterobacteriaceae KW - A 01116:Bacteria KW - J 02710:Identification, taxonomy and typing UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/17639549?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologyb&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Clinical+Microbiology&rft.atitle=Evaluation+of+the+MicroScan+Rapid+Neg+ID3+Panel+for+Identification+of+Enterobacteriaceae+and+Some+Common+Gram-Negative+Nonfermenters&rft.au=O%27Hara%2C+C+M%3BMiller%2C+J+M&rft.aulast=O%27Hara&rft.aufirst=C&rft.date=2000-10-01&rft.volume=38&rft.issue=10&rft.spage=3577&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+Clinical+Microbiology&rft.issn=00951137&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Enterobacteriaceae; Gram-negative bacilli; Non-fermentative gram-negative bacteria; Diagnostic agents ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Experimental evidence of host specificity of Bartonella infection in rodents AN - 17637479; 4768504 AB - A large number of Bartonella species and genetic variants were compared for their ability to cause bacteremia in different rodent species: the cotton rat (Sigmodon hispidus), white-footed mouse (Peromyscus leucopus), BALB/c mouse and Wistar rat. Experimental data supported field observations that host specificity can occur among certain Bartonella species and rodent species. Bacteremia could only be readily produced in cotton rats or white-footed mice if the strains used for inoculation were originally obtained from the same species or from a phylogenetically close species. A few Bartonella colonies could be observed in the blood of some BALB/c mice by 7 days after inoculation, but no evidence of the persistence of the infection was found. Host specificity suggests the possibility of a long co-speciation of Bartonella species with their rodent hosts. Host-parasite relationships measured by the duration and level of bacteremia and the minimal infectious dose may serve as additional criteria for classification of Bartonella isolates obtained from natural environments. JF - Comparative Immunology, Microbiology and Infectious Diseases AU - Kosoy, MY AU - Saito, E K AU - Green, D AU - Marston, EL AU - Jones, D C AU - Childs, JE AD - CDC/DVBID, P.O. Box 2087, Foothills Campus, Fort Collins, CO 80525, USA, mck3@cdc.gov Y1 - 2000/10// PY - 2000 DA - Oct 2000 SP - 221 EP - 238 VL - 23 IS - 4 SN - 0147-9571, 0147-9571 KW - Hispid cotton rat KW - White-footed mouse KW - Rodents KW - Microbiology Abstracts B: Bacteriology KW - Host specificity KW - Peromyscus leucopus KW - Bartonella KW - Sigmodon hispidus KW - Rodentia KW - J 02862:Infection UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/17637479?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologyb&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Comparative+Immunology%2C+Microbiology+and+Infectious+Diseases&rft.atitle=Experimental+evidence+of+host+specificity+of+Bartonella+infection+in+rodents&rft.au=Kosoy%2C+MY%3BSaito%2C+E+K%3BGreen%2C+D%3BMarston%2C+EL%3BJones%2C+D+C%3BChilds%2C+JE&rft.aulast=Kosoy&rft.aufirst=MY&rft.date=2000-10-01&rft.volume=23&rft.issue=4&rft.spage=221&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Comparative+Immunology%2C+Microbiology+and+Infectious+Diseases&rft.issn=01479571&rft_id=info:doi/10.1016%2FS0147-9571%2899%2900075-2 LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Rodentia; Bartonella; Sigmodon hispidus; Peromyscus leucopus; Host specificity DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0147-9571(99)00075-2 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Historical respirable quartz exposures of industrial sand workers: 1946-1996 AN - 17631401; 4773308 AB - Besides a clear relationship to silicosis, crystalline silica - quartz - has been associated with lung cancer, nonmalignant renal disease, and auto-immune disease. To study diseases associated with crystalline silica further, NIOSH conducted a cohort mortality study of workers from 18 silica sand plants, which had quarry, crushing, and bagging operations to produce industrial sand. Twelve of these plants also had grinding mills to produce fine silica powder. The historical crystalline silica exposures of workers at these plants were estimated to facilitate exposure-response analyses in the epidemiologic study. The quartz concentrations varied significantly by plant, job, and year. Quartz concentrations decreased over time, with measurements collected in the 1970s significantly greater than those collected later. The modeled exposure estimates improve upon duration of employment as an estimate of cumulative exposure and reduce exposure misclassification due to variation in quartz levels between plants, jobs, and over time. JF - American Journal of Industrial Medicine AU - Sanderson, W T AU - Steenland, K AU - Deddens, JA AD - Industrywide Studies Branch, Division of Surveillance, Hazard Evaluations, and Field Studies, National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, 4676 Columbia Parkway, Cincinnati, OH 45226-1998, USA, wts1@cdc.gov Y1 - 2000/10// PY - 2000 DA - Oct 2000 SP - 389 EP - 398 VL - 38 IS - 4 SN - 0271-3586, 0271-3586 KW - historical account KW - man KW - autoimmune diseases KW - kidney diseases KW - quartz KW - Toxicology Abstracts; Health & Safety Science Abstracts; Pollution Abstracts KW - Historical account KW - lung cancer KW - Dust KW - Sand KW - Silicosis KW - Occupational exposure KW - Lung cancer KW - Mortality KW - H 1000:Occupational Safety and Health KW - P 6000:TOXICOLOGY AND HEALTH KW - X 24152:Chronic exposure UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/17631401?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxicologyabstracts&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=American+Journal+of+Industrial+Medicine&rft.atitle=Historical+respirable+quartz+exposures+of+industrial+sand+workers%3A+1946-1996&rft.au=Sanderson%2C+W+T%3BSteenland%2C+K%3BDeddens%2C+JA&rft.aulast=Sanderson&rft.aufirst=W&rft.date=2000-10-01&rft.volume=38&rft.issue=4&rft.spage=389&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=American+Journal+of+Industrial+Medicine&rft.issn=02713586&rft_id=info:doi/10.1002%2F1097-0274%28200010%2938%3A43.3.CO%3B2-A LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Dust; Occupational exposure; Lung cancer; Silicosis; Mortality; Sand; Historical account; lung cancer DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/1097-0274(200010)38:4<389::AID-AJIM4>3.3.CO;2-A ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Age-related risk for HIV infection in men who have sex with men: Examination of behavioral, relationship, and serostatus variables AN - 17036807; 4791599 AB - The study examined behavioral, relationship, and serostatus variables that potentially contribute to HIV infection risk in three age groups of men who have sex with men (MSM). MSM recruited in West Hollywood, California self-administered a questionnaire measuring unprotected insertive anal intercourse (UIAI) and unprotected receptive anal intercourse (URAI) with primary and nonprimary partners. The following relationship/serostatus variables were also assessed: recency of HIV testing, knowledge of own HIV serostatus, perception of partner's serostatus, seroconcordance (self and partner seronegative), and self-reported monogamy status. The prevalence of UIAI and URAI was higher with primary than nonprimary partners. These sexual risk behaviors with primary partners were substantially more prevalent among men younger than 25 years of age than among men aged 25 to 30 or over age 30. UIAI and URAI with nonprimary partners were uncommon in each age group, and there were no significant age differences on the serostatus and relationship variables. The findings suggest that young MSM may be at elevated risk for contracting HIV by virtue of their sexual risk behavior with primary partners. Targeted interventions for MSM need to address sexual risk in the context of primary relationships. JF - AIDS Education and Prevention AU - Crepaz, N AU - Marks, G AU - Mansergh, G AU - Murphy, S AU - Miller, L C AU - Appleby, PR AD - Division of HIV/AIDS Prevention, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, 1600 Clifton Road, Mailstop E-45, Atlanta, GA 30333, USA, gdm8@cdc.gov Y1 - 2000/10// PY - 2000 DA - Oct 2000 SP - 405 EP - 415 VL - 12 IS - 5 SN - 0899-9546, 0899-9546 KW - HIV KW - disease transmission KW - homosexuality KW - infection KW - sexual behavior KW - Risk Abstracts; Virology & AIDS Abstracts KW - Risk assessment KW - Age KW - Human immunodeficiency virus KW - Homosexuality KW - Sexual behavior KW - V 22006:AIDS: Other aspects KW - R2 23060:Medical and environmental health UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/17036807?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Ariskabstracts&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=AIDS+Education+and+Prevention&rft.atitle=Age-related+risk+for+HIV+infection+in+men+who+have+sex+with+men%3A+Examination+of+behavioral%2C+relationship%2C+and+serostatus+variables&rft.au=Crepaz%2C+N%3BMarks%2C+G%3BMansergh%2C+G%3BMurphy%2C+S%3BMiller%2C+L+C%3BAppleby%2C+PR&rft.aulast=Crepaz&rft.aufirst=N&rft.date=2000-10-01&rft.volume=12&rft.issue=5&rft.spage=405&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=AIDS+Education+and+Prevention&rft.issn=08999546&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Human immunodeficiency virus; Age; Homosexuality; Risk assessment; Sexual behavior ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Chemical hazards related to clandestine drug laboratories. AN - 72509401; 11148935 AB - The number of clandestine drug laboratories in the United States and Europe has increased as a result of the rising popularity of methamphetamine, Ecstasy, and gamma-hydroxybutyrate among young people and drug abusers, and a shift from complex production procedures for these drugs to simpler "cold cook" methods involving household chemicals. Fires, explosions, corrosive chemicals, and toxic substances at clandestine drug laboratories have caused injuries and deaths among police officers, firefighters, and the public. Impurities in clandestine synthetic drugs have also caused injuries among people consuming the drugs. Information about these hazards should be communicated to public safety professionals and young people to reduce the number of injuries and deaths. JF - Arhiv za higijenu rada i toksikologiju AU - Hughart, J L AD - Agency for Toxic Substances and Disease Registry, Atlanta, Georgia, USA. jhughart@cdc.gov Y1 - 2000/09// PY - 2000 DA - September 2000 SP - 305 EP - 310 VL - 51 IS - 3 SN - 0004-1254, 0004-1254 KW - Street Drugs KW - 0 KW - Methamphetamine KW - 44RAL3456C KW - Flunitrazepam KW - 620X0222FQ KW - Sodium Oxybate KW - 7G33012534 KW - Index Medicus KW - Methamphetamine -- adverse effects KW - Humans KW - Flunitrazepam -- adverse effects KW - Sodium Oxybate -- adverse effects KW - Laboratories KW - Street Drugs -- adverse effects KW - Environmental Exposure UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/72509401?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Arhiv+za+higijenu+rada+i+toksikologiju&rft.atitle=Chemical+hazards+related+to+clandestine+drug+laboratories.&rft.au=Hughart%2C+J+L&rft.aulast=Hughart&rft.aufirst=J&rft.date=2000-09-01&rft.volume=51&rft.issue=3&rft.spage=305&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Arhiv+za+higijenu+rada+i+toksikologiju&rft.issn=00041254&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 2001-01-18 N1 - Date created - 2001-01-08 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Changes in bronchoalveolar lavage indices associated with radiographic classification in coal miners. AN - 72266543; 10988113 AB - Previous studies on symptomatic coal miners have shown that alveolar macrophages, recovered by bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL), release excessive amounts of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and inflammatory cytokines. It has been proposed that these secretions may mediate cell injury and initiate the disease process. We hypothesized that acellular bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF) indices in coal miners chronically exposed to coal dust may reflect the status of important homeostatic modulations in the lung that lead to the development of coal workers' pneumoconiosis (CWP). To test this hypothesis, we measured inflammatory status, oxidant burden, antioxidant defenses, cytokines, growth factors, fibronectin, and alpha(1)-antitrypsin (alpha(1)-AT) in the BALF of healthy never-smoker control subjects, never-smoker underground coal miners with negative radiographs (ILO 0/0-1/0), and two miners with moderate changes in the chest radiographs (ILO 2/2). Interestingly, indices of injury and inflammation increased with the progression of disease in coal miners. Antioxidant enzymes, such as catalase, glutathione peroxidase, and superoxide dismutase, showed a 19-fold, 22-fold, and 6-fold increase above control, respectively, in coal miners with category 2/2 CWP. Significant increases in the secretion of IL-1, IL-6, TNF-alpha, TGF-beta, fibronectin, and alpha(1)-AT also were evident in coal miners with disease. This up-regulation of antioxidant defenses and cytokines was not evident in coal miners in the absence of clinically evident radiographic disease. In addition, the concentration of lipid peroxidation by products in the BALF of coal miners without evidence of radiographic disease showed a moderate 3-fold increase, whereas, in coal miners with category 2/2 CWP it showed a 59-fold increase compared to control subjects. These results are in good agreement with our hypothesis that development of CWP and its progression may be correlated with an oxidative stress and up-regulation of cytokines and mediators of growth. JF - American journal of respiratory and critical care medicine AU - Vallyathan, V AU - Goins, M AU - Lapp, L N AU - Pack, D AU - Leonard, S AU - Shi, X AU - Castranova, V AD - Pathology and Physiology Research Branch, Health Effects Laboratory Division, National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, and Section of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, West Virginia University, Morgantown, West Virginia, USA. VAV1@CDC.GOC Y1 - 2000/09// PY - 2000 DA - September 2000 SP - 958 EP - 965 VL - 162 IS - 3 Pt 1 SN - 1073-449X, 1073-449X KW - Cytokines KW - 0 KW - Inflammation Mediators KW - Reactive Oxygen Species KW - Abridged Index Medicus KW - Index Medicus KW - Oxidative Stress -- physiology KW - Humans KW - Adult KW - Predictive Value of Tests KW - Middle Aged KW - Radiography KW - Lung -- physiopathology KW - Lipid Peroxidation -- physiology KW - Male KW - Reactive Oxygen Species -- metabolism KW - Pneumoconiosis -- diagnostic imaging KW - Bronchoalveolar Lavage Fluid -- chemistry KW - Cytokines -- metabolism KW - Pneumoconiosis -- physiopathology KW - Inflammation Mediators -- metabolism UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/72266543?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=American+journal+of+respiratory+and+critical+care+medicine&rft.atitle=Changes+in+bronchoalveolar+lavage+indices+associated+with+radiographic+classification+in+coal+miners.&rft.au=Vallyathan%2C+V%3BGoins%2C+M%3BLapp%2C+L+N%3BPack%2C+D%3BLeonard%2C+S%3BShi%2C+X%3BCastranova%2C+V&rft.aulast=Vallyathan&rft.aufirst=V&rft.date=2000-09-01&rft.volume=162&rft.issue=3+Pt+1&rft.spage=958&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=American+journal+of+respiratory+and+critical+care+medicine&rft.issn=1073449X&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 2000-10-12 N1 - Date created - 2000-10-12 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Foodborne botulism from eating home-pickled eggs--Illinois, 1997. AN - 72254919; 10987245 AB - During November 1997, the Illinois Department of Public Health was notified by a local physician about a possible case of foodborne botulism. This report summarizes the case investigation, which implicated home-pickled eggs as the cause. JF - MMWR. Morbidity and mortality weekly report AU - Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) AD - Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) Y1 - 2000/09/01/ PY - 2000 DA - 2000 Sep 01 SP - 778 EP - 780 VL - 49 IS - 34 SN - 0149-2195, 0149-2195 KW - rimabotulinumtoxinB KW - 0Y70779M1F KW - Botulinum Toxins KW - EC 3.4.24.69 KW - Botulinum Toxins, Type A KW - Index Medicus KW - Humans KW - Egg Yolk -- microbiology KW - Aged KW - Clostridium botulinum -- isolation & purification KW - Botulinum Toxins -- isolation & purification KW - Male KW - Botulism -- etiology KW - Food Preservation KW - Eggs -- poisoning UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/72254919?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=MMWR.+Morbidity+and+mortality+weekly+report&rft.atitle=Foodborne+botulism+from+eating+home-pickled+eggs--Illinois%2C+1997.&rft.au=Centers+for+Disease+Control+and+Prevention+%28CDC%29&rft.aulast=Centers+for+Disease+Control+and+Prevention+%28CDC%29&rft.aufirst=&rft.date=2000-09-01&rft.volume=49&rft.issue=34&rft.spage=778&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=MMWR.+Morbidity+and+mortality+weekly+report&rft.issn=01492195&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 2000-09-19 N1 - Date created - 2000-09-19 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - An epidemic of corneal destruction caused by plasma gas sterilization. The Toxic Cell Destruction Syndrome Investigative Team. AN - 72248119; 10980761 AB - Toxic endothelial cell destruction (TECD) syndrome after intraocular ophthalmic surgery is rare and can result from exposure to a variety of toxins. During January 8 to 14, 1998, 6 patients developed TECD with corneal edema associated with unreactive or dilated pupils at Hospital A. A case patient was any Hospital A patient with TECD within 24 hours after surgery during January 5 to 14, 1998 (epidemic period). A control was any hospital A ophthalmic surgery patient without TECD during the epidemic period. The medical records of hospital A ophthalmology surgery patients during the pre-epidemic (ie, September 1, 1997-January 4, 1998) and epidemic periods were reviewed. Inductively coupled plasma atomic emission spectrometry was used to detect trace inorganic elements on sterilized surgical instruments. Cannulated surgical instruments and laboratory rinsates were perfused directly to the corneal endothelium of isolated rabbit and human corneas. Corneal endothelial ultrastructure and swelling were assessed. The rate of TECD at hospital A was higher during the epidemic than pre-epidemic period (6/12 vs 0/118, P<.001). The only change during the periods was the introduction, on November 5, 1997, of a new sterilization method, AbTox Plazlyte, for sterilization of ophthalmic surgery instruments. Findings from spectrometry revealed that copper and zinc residues were higher in instruments sterilized with Plazlyte than in those sterilized with ethylene oxide (median copper value, 7.64 mg/L vs 0.14 mg/L, respectively, P =.02; median zinc value, 5.90 mg/L vs 1.35 mg/L, respectively, P =.2). Corneal endothelial perfusion of Plazlyte sterilized-instrument rinsates or laboratory solution with copper and zinc produced irreversible damage, similar to toxic corneal endothelial destruction, to rabbit and human corneas. A new sterilization method degraded brass to copper and zinc on cannulated surgical instruments resulting in TECD of the cornea. Arch Ophthalmol. 2000;118:1167-1176 JF - Archives of ophthalmology (Chicago, Ill. : 1960) AU - Duffy, R E AU - Brown, S E AU - Caldwell, K L AU - Lubniewski, A AU - Anderson, N AU - Edelhauser, H AU - Holley, G AU - Tess, A AU - Divan, H AU - Helmy, M AU - Arduino, M AU - Jarvis, W R AD - CDC, Hospital Infections Program, Atlanta, GA 30333, USA. Y1 - 2000/09// PY - 2000 DA - September 2000 SP - 1167 EP - 1176 VL - 118 IS - 9 SN - 0003-9950, 0003-9950 KW - Copper KW - 789U1901C5 KW - Zinc KW - J41CSQ7QDS KW - Abridged Index Medicus KW - Index Medicus KW - Animals KW - Georgia -- epidemiology KW - Aged, 80 and over KW - Humans KW - Adult KW - Case-Control Studies KW - Aged KW - Rabbits KW - Middle Aged KW - Male KW - Female KW - Lens Implantation, Intraocular KW - Equipment Contamination KW - Endothelium, Corneal -- drug effects KW - Corneal Edema -- epidemiology KW - Endothelium, Corneal -- pathology KW - Copper -- adverse effects KW - Corneal Edema -- chemically induced KW - Sterilization -- methods KW - Disease Outbreaks KW - Endothelium, Corneal -- ultrastructure KW - Zinc -- adverse effects KW - Phacoemulsification -- instrumentation KW - Corneal Edema -- pathology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/72248119?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Archives+of+ophthalmology+%28Chicago%2C+Ill.+%3A+1960%29&rft.atitle=An+epidemic+of+corneal+destruction+caused+by+plasma+gas+sterilization.+The+Toxic+Cell+Destruction+Syndrome+Investigative+Team.&rft.au=Duffy%2C+R+E%3BBrown%2C+S+E%3BCaldwell%2C+K+L%3BLubniewski%2C+A%3BAnderson%2C+N%3BEdelhauser%2C+H%3BHolley%2C+G%3BTess%2C+A%3BDivan%2C+H%3BHelmy%2C+M%3BArduino%2C+M%3BJarvis%2C+W+R&rft.aulast=Duffy&rft.aufirst=R&rft.date=2000-09-01&rft.volume=118&rft.issue=9&rft.spage=1167&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Archives+of+ophthalmology+%28Chicago%2C+Ill.+%3A+1960%29&rft.issn=00039950&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 2000-09-28 N1 - Date created - 2000-09-28 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Elevated oxidative stress in skin of B6C3F1 mice affects dermal exposure to metal working fluid. AN - 72246862; 11693944 AB - Metal working fluids (MWFs) are widely used in industry for metal cutting, drilling, shaping, lubricating, and milling. Potential for dermal exposure to MWFs exists for a large number of men and women via aerosols and splashing during the machining operations. It has been reported earlier that occupational exposure to MWFs causes allergic and irritant contact dermatitis. Previously, we showed that dermal exposure of female and male B6C3F1 mice to 5% MWFs for 3 months resulted in accumulation of mast cells and elevation of histamine in the skin. Topical exposure to MWF also resulted in elevated oxidative stress in the liver of both sexes and the testes in males. The goal of this study was to evaluate the interaction between oxidative stress in the skin and topical application of MWF. Oxidative stress in skin ofB6C3F1 mice of both sexes was generated by intradermal injection ofthe hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) -producing enzyme, glucose oxidase with polyethylene glycol (GOD+PEG). In mice given GOD+PEG, topical treatment with MWF (200 microl, 30%, for 1, 3, or 7 days) resulted in a mixed inflammatory cell response, accumulation of peroxidative products, and reduction of GSH content in the skin. Such changes were not observed with MWF treatment alone. These data indicate that oxidative stress can enhance dermal inflammation caused by occupational exposure to MWF. JF - Toxicology and industrial health AU - Shvedova, A A AU - Kisin, E AU - Kisin, J AU - Castranova, V AU - Kommineni, C AD - Health Effects Laboratory Division, Pathology and Physiology Research Branch, National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Morgantown, West Virginia 26505, USA. ats1@cdc.gov Y1 - 2000/09// PY - 2000 DA - September 2000 SP - 267 EP - 276 VL - 16 IS - 7-8 SN - 0748-2337, 0748-2337 KW - Polyethylene Glycols KW - 30IQX730WE KW - Glucose Oxidase KW - EC 1.1.3.4 KW - Glutathione KW - GAN16C9B8O KW - Index Medicus KW - Animals KW - Administration, Cutaneous KW - Glucose Oxidase -- adverse effects KW - Glucose Oxidase -- administration & dosage KW - Glutathione -- metabolism KW - Skin Ulcer -- chemically induced KW - Inflammation -- chemically induced KW - Polyethylene Glycols -- adverse effects KW - Mice KW - Polyethylene Glycols -- administration & dosage KW - Injections, Intradermal KW - Oxidative Stress KW - Female KW - Male KW - Skin Ulcer -- pathology KW - Inflammation -- pathology KW - Industrial Oils -- toxicity KW - Skin Diseases -- metabolism KW - Skin Diseases -- pathology KW - Skin Diseases -- chemically induced KW - Metallurgy UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/72246862?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Toxicology+and+industrial+health&rft.atitle=Elevated+oxidative+stress+in+skin+of+B6C3F1+mice+affects+dermal+exposure+to+metal+working+fluid.&rft.au=Shvedova%2C+A+A%3BKisin%2C+E%3BKisin%2C+J%3BCastranova%2C+V%3BKommineni%2C+C&rft.aulast=Shvedova&rft.aufirst=A&rft.date=2000-09-01&rft.volume=16&rft.issue=7-8&rft.spage=267&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Toxicology+and+industrial+health&rft.issn=07482337&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 2002-03-08 N1 - Date created - 2001-11-05 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Particulate matter and carbon monoxide in highland Guatemala: indoor and outdoor levels from traditional and improved wood stoves and gas stoves. AN - 72240762; 10979201 AB - Area 22-h average carbon monoxide (CO), total suspended particulates (TSP), particles less than 10 microns in diameter (PM10), and particles less than 2.5 microns in diameter (PM2.5) measurements were made in three test homes of highland rural Guatemala in kitchens, bedrooms, and outdoors on a longitudinal basis, i.e. before and after introduction of potential exposure-reducing interventions. Four cookstove conditions were studied sequentially: background (no stove in use); traditional open woodstove, improved woodstove with flue (plancha), and bottled-gas (LPG) stove. With nine observations each, kitchen PM2.5 levels were 56 micrograms/m3 under background conditions, 528 micrograms/m3 for open fire conditions, 96 micrograms/m3 for plancha conditions, and 57 micrograms/m3 for gas stove conditions. Corresponding PM10/TSP levels were 173/174, 717/836, 210/276, 186/218 micrograms/m3. Corresponding CO levels were 0.2, 5.9, 1.4, 1.2 ppm. Comparisons with other studies in the area indicate that the reductions in indoor concentrations achieved by improved wood-burning stoves deteriorate with stove age. Mother and child personal CO and PM2.5 measurements for each stove condition demonstrate the same trend as area measurements, but with less differentiation. JF - Indoor air AU - Naeher, L P AU - Leaderer, B P AU - Smith, K R AD - Department of Epidemiology and Public Health, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut, USA. LNaeher@CDC.GOV Y1 - 2000/09// PY - 2000 DA - September 2000 SP - 200 EP - 205 VL - 10 IS - 3 SN - 0905-6947, 0905-6947 KW - Carbon Monoxide KW - 7U1EE4V452 KW - Propane KW - T75W9911L6 KW - Index Medicus KW - Housing KW - Particle Size KW - Humans KW - Respiratory Tract Diseases -- etiology KW - Guatemala KW - Adult KW - Environmental Exposure KW - Wood KW - Developing Countries KW - Child KW - Male KW - Female KW - Air Pollution, Indoor -- analysis KW - Carbon Monoxide -- analysis KW - Cooking UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/72240762?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Indoor+air&rft.atitle=Particulate+matter+and+carbon+monoxide+in+highland+Guatemala%3A+indoor+and+outdoor+levels+from+traditional+and+improved+wood+stoves+and+gas+stoves.&rft.au=Naeher%2C+L+P%3BLeaderer%2C+B+P%3BSmith%2C+K+R&rft.aulast=Naeher&rft.aufirst=L&rft.date=2000-09-01&rft.volume=10&rft.issue=3&rft.spage=200&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Indoor+air&rft.issn=09056947&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 2000-10-10 N1 - Date created - 2000-10-10 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Lead and cancer in humans: where are we now? AN - 71749670; 10940967 AB - Lead is only weakly mutagenic, but in vitro it inhibits DNA repair and acts synergistically with other mutagens. Lead acetate administered orally, cutaneously, or intraperitoneally causes kidney cancer, brain cancer (gliomas), and lung cancer in rodents, and acts synergistically with other carcinogens. Most cytogenetic studies of exposed workers have shown increases in chromosome aberrations or sister chromatid exchange, including some studies with positive-exposure response trends. There are eight studies of cancer mortality or incidence among highly exposed workers; most are cohort studies of lead smelter or battery workers exposed decades ago. We reviewed the epidemologic studies with regard to cancer. These studies provide some evidence of increased risk of lung cancer (RR = 1.30, 1.15-1.46, 675 observed deaths) and stomach cancer (combined RR = 1.34, 1.14-1.57, 181 observed). However, the lung cancer findings are not consistent across studies, and confounding by arsenic may affect the study with the highest lung cancer RR. Exclusion of that study yields a combined lung cancer RR of 1.14 (1.04-1.73). There is little evidence of increased risk of kidney cancer (combined RR = 1.01, 0. 72-1.42, 40 observed) or brain cancer (combined RR = 1.06, 0.81-1.40, 69 observed). However, two studies show a two-fold increase in kidney cancer, and one study shows a significant excess of gliomas. IARC classified lead as a "possible human carcinogen" based on sufficient animal data and insufficient human data in 1987. Six of the eight studies cited above have been published since 1987. Overall, there is only weak evidence associating lead with cancer; the most likely candidates are lung cancer, stomach cancer, and gliomas. JF - American journal of industrial medicine AU - Steenland, K AU - Boffetta, P AD - National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, Cincinnati, Ohio 45226, USA. kns1@cdc.gov Y1 - 2000/09// PY - 2000 DA - September 2000 SP - 295 EP - 299 VL - 38 IS - 3 SN - 0271-3586, 0271-3586 KW - Carcinogens KW - 0 KW - Lead KW - 2P299V784P KW - Index Medicus KW - Risk KW - Animals KW - Humans KW - Lead -- adverse effects KW - Neoplasms -- chemically induced KW - Neoplasms -- epidemiology KW - Occupational Exposure -- adverse effects KW - Carcinogens -- adverse effects UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/71749670?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=American+journal+of+industrial+medicine&rft.atitle=Lead+and+cancer+in+humans%3A+where+are+we+now%3F&rft.au=Steenland%2C+K%3BBoffetta%2C+P&rft.aulast=Steenland&rft.aufirst=K&rft.date=2000-09-01&rft.volume=38&rft.issue=3&rft.spage=295&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=American+journal+of+industrial+medicine&rft.issn=02713586&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 2000-11-21 N1 - Date created - 2000-10-02 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Age as a susceptibility factor in the striatal dopaminergic neurotoxicity observed in the mouse following substituted amphetamine exposure. AN - 70602165; 11085321 AB - A number of substituted amphetamines, including methamphetamine (METH) are considered dopaminergic neurotoxicants. METH causes long-term depletions of striatal dopamine (DA) and its metabolites (DOPAC and HVA) that are accompanied by other changes indicative of nerve terminal degeneration. These include argyrophilia as detected by silver degeneration stains and an elevation in glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP), a marker of reactive gliosis in response to injury, as well as a long-term decrease in tyrosine hydroxylase (TH) protein levels. The susceptibility to the dopaminergic neurotoxicity of METH and the other amphetamines can be affected by a number of factors including age, gender, stress, and environment. Many of these susceptibility factors have been extensively investigated in the rat but less so in the mouse. As the availability of genetically altered mice continues to expand, this species is increasingly selected for study. Thus, in previous work we determined that stress, gender, and the environment can significantly impact the neurotoxicity of the amphetamines. Here we determined how age affects the striatal DA depletion and GFAP elevation induced by d-METH in C57BL/6 mice. Age was a significant determinant of the ability of a known neurotoxic regimen of d-METH (10 mg/kg x 4) to produce striatal DA depletion with one-month-old C57BL16 mice displaying minimal and nonpersistent depletion of DA or its metabolites while mice 12 months of age displayed large and persistent depletions of DA (87%), DOPAC (71%), and HVA (94%). Large elevations in striatal GFAP were induced in mice 2-23 months of age by d-METH, with lower dosages of d-METH being effective in the older mice. In contrast, the usual neurotoxic regimen of d-METH was minimally effective in inducing GFAP elevations (49% over control) in one-month-old mice, despite elevations in body temperature equivalent to those observed in older mice. Although increasing the dosage of d-METH (20 to 80 mg/kg) did increase the GFAP response (100% over control), it was still well below that usually exhibited at the usual neurotoxic dosage (300-400% over control) in fully mature mice. These data suggest maturity of striatal dopamine systems may be an essential element in the striatal damage induced by the neurotoxic amphetamines. JF - Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences AU - Miller, D B AU - O'Callaghan, J P AU - Ali, S F AD - Toxicology and Molecular Biology Branch, Health Effects Laboratory Division, NIOSH/CDC, Morgantown, West Virginia 26505, USA. dum6@cdc.gov Y1 - 2000/09// PY - 2000 DA - September 2000 SP - 194 EP - 207 VL - 914 SN - 0077-8923, 0077-8923 KW - Central Nervous System Stimulants KW - 0 KW - 3,4-Dihydroxyphenylacetic Acid KW - 102-32-9 KW - Methamphetamine KW - 44RAL3456C KW - Dopamine KW - VTD58H1Z2X KW - Homovanillic Acid KW - X77S6GMS36 KW - Index Medicus KW - Animals KW - Sex Factors KW - Area Under Curve KW - Body Temperature -- drug effects KW - Dose-Response Relationship, Drug KW - Disease Models, Animal KW - Mice KW - Homovanillic Acid -- metabolism KW - Models, Biological KW - 3,4-Dihydroxyphenylacetic Acid -- metabolism KW - Mice, Inbred C57BL KW - Time Factors KW - Female KW - Male KW - Aging -- physiology KW - Methamphetamine -- administration & dosage KW - Neurotoxicity Syndromes -- etiology KW - Dopamine -- metabolism KW - Corpus Striatum -- drug effects KW - Central Nervous System Stimulants -- administration & dosage UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/70602165?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Annals+of+the+New+York+Academy+of+Sciences&rft.atitle=Age+as+a+susceptibility+factor+in+the+striatal+dopaminergic+neurotoxicity+observed+in+the+mouse+following+substituted+amphetamine+exposure.&rft.au=Miller%2C+D+B%3BO%27Callaghan%2C+J+P%3BAli%2C+S+F&rft.aulast=Miller&rft.aufirst=D&rft.date=2000-09-01&rft.volume=914&rft.issue=&rft.spage=194&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Annals+of+the+New+York+Academy+of+Sciences&rft.issn=00778923&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 2006-01-04 N1 - Date created - 2005-11-04 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Restraint as a stressor in mice: against the dopaminergic neurotoxicity of D-MDMA, low body weight mitigates restraint-induced hypothermia and consequent neuroprotection. AN - 70530638; 10967304 AB - In experimental studies of stress, restraint of laboratory rodents, perceived as easy to apply and believed to be reproducible, is a commonly used manipulation. The restraint manipulation is utilized as a technique to characterize the physiological, cellular and molecular consequences of stress as well as a tool to understand the ways in which stress may interact with toxic substances. In previous work, we utilized restraint in an examination of the effect of stress on the striatal dopaminergic neurotoxicity engendered by a series of substituted amphetamines. Contrary to our expectations, and most likely due to its body temperature-reducing properties in the mouse, restraint provided total or near total protection against the neurotoxicity of these agents. During subsequent studies utilizing C57Bl6/J female mice of varying weights and ages the degree of temperature reduction and the associated ability to block (20-100%) the dopamine depletion associated with the neurotoxic amphetamine 3,4-methylendioxyamphetamine (D-MDMA, 20 mg/kg of mouse body weight, every 2 h, s.c., total of four doses) were found to vary considerably more than had been previously observed. An in-depth analysis of the role mouse weight plays in the temperature reduction induced by restraint indicates mouse weight is a primary determinant of hypothermia and subsequent neuroprotection. It suggests the induction of stress in rodents by restraint is a complex effect that may lead to unanticipated results. The restraint manipulation is not as straight-forward a procedure as is commonly believed. Our data indicate that consistent application of restraint may require an adjustment of the restrainer device to mouse body weight. JF - Brain research AU - Johnson, E A AU - Sharp, D S AU - Miller, D B AD - Chronic Stress Laboratory, Toxicology and Molecular Biology Branch, Health Effects Laboratory Division, National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health/Centers for Disease Control, 1095 Willowdale Road, Morgantown, WV 26505, USA. edj2@cdc.gov Y1 - 2000/09/01/ PY - 2000 DA - 2000 Sep 01 SP - 107 EP - 118 VL - 875 IS - 1-2 SN - 0006-8993, 0006-8993 KW - Dopamine Antagonists KW - 0 KW - Neurotoxins KW - 3,4-Methylenedioxyamphetamine KW - 4764-17-4 KW - Dopamine KW - VTD58H1Z2X KW - Index Medicus KW - Aging -- physiology KW - Animals KW - Body Temperature -- drug effects KW - Corpus Striatum -- metabolism KW - Mice, Inbred C57BL KW - Corpus Striatum -- drug effects KW - Mice KW - Brain -- metabolism KW - Rectum -- physiology KW - Female KW - Stress, Physiological -- etiology KW - Restraint, Physical KW - 3,4-Methylenedioxyamphetamine -- poisoning KW - Hypothermia -- physiopathology KW - Dopamine Antagonists -- poisoning KW - Body Weight -- physiology KW - Neurotoxins -- pharmacology KW - Dopamine -- metabolism KW - Cytoprotection -- physiology KW - Hypothermia -- etiology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/70530638?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Brain+research&rft.atitle=Restraint+as+a+stressor+in+mice%3A+against+the+dopaminergic+neurotoxicity+of+D-MDMA%2C+low+body+weight+mitigates+restraint-induced+hypothermia+and+consequent+neuroprotection.&rft.au=Johnson%2C+E+A%3BSharp%2C+D+S%3BMiller%2C+D+B&rft.aulast=Johnson&rft.aufirst=E&rft.date=2000-09-01&rft.volume=875&rft.issue=1-2&rft.spage=107&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Brain+research&rft.issn=00068993&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 2002-05-07 N1 - Date created - 2002-04-11 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Patterns of Conflict Resolution within Relationships and Coercive Sexual Behavior of Men and Women AN - 60081174; 200107593 AB - Conflict tactics within relationships & coercive sexual behavior are separate phenomena that are empirically related. To answer why they should be related, we drew upon two theoretical frameworks: an individualized form of cultural spillover & feminist control theory. Using an ANOVA framework, we constructed hypotheses through which we could (1) test for relations among constructs & (2) discriminate between the predictions of cultural spillover & feminist theory. We hypothesized that the severity of individuals' coercive sexual behavior would be related to the violence level of conflict tactics in relationships & also to a pattern of generalized psychological abuse within relationships. We also hypothesized that men, compared to women, would engage in more physically coercive sexual behavior & use more violence in conflict tactics. University students (50% women, 93% <23 years old, from a school with 73% White students) responded to the measures. With the exception of the last hypothesis, these predictions were supported by the overall data, although not universally within levels of gender. Based on the pattern of hypothesis confirmation & inconsistencies, we discuss the mix of support & potential moderators that would resolve inconsistencies for each theory. 3 Tables, 27 References. Adapted from the source document. JF - Sex Roles AU - Hogben, Matthew AU - Waterman, Caroline K AD - Centers Disease Control & Prevention, Atlanta, GA mhogben@cdc.gov Y1 - 2000/09// PY - 2000 DA - September 2000 SP - 341 EP - 357 VL - 43 IS - 5-6 SN - 0360-0025, 0360-0025 KW - Northern States KW - Opposite Sex Relations KW - Males KW - Interpersonal Relations KW - Conflict Resolution KW - Violence KW - Abuse KW - Sexual Behavior KW - Feminist Theory KW - College Students KW - Coercion KW - Females KW - article KW - 2983: feminist/gender studies; sociology of gender & gender relations UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/60081174?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Asocabs&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Sex+Roles&rft.atitle=Patterns+of+Conflict+Resolution+within+Relationships+and+Coercive+Sexual+Behavior+of+Men+and+Women&rft.au=Hogben%2C+Matthew%3BWaterman%2C+Caroline+K&rft.aulast=Hogben&rft.aufirst=Matthew&rft.date=2000-09-01&rft.volume=43&rft.issue=5-6&rft.spage=341&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Sex+Roles&rft.issn=03600025&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - Sociological Abstracts N1 - Date revised - 2007-10-30 N1 - Last updated - 2016-09-28 N1 - CODEN - SROLDH N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Coercion; Sexual Behavior; Conflict Resolution; Interpersonal Relations; Males; Females; Violence; Opposite Sex Relations; Abuse; Feminist Theory; Northern States; College Students ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Effects of polychlorinated biphenyls on the nervous system AN - 18357811; 5292463 AB - The neurological effects of polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) have been extensively investigated in humans and in animals. The main focus in human studies has been on the effects in neonates and young children, although studies of adults have also been conducted. A great deal of concern exists that even low levels of PCBs transferred to the fetus across the placenta may induce long-lasting neurological damage. Because PCBs are lipophilic substances, there is also concern that significant amounts might be transferred to nursing infants via breast milk. Studies in humans who consumed large amounts of Great Lakes fish contaminated with environmentally persistent chemicals, including PCBs, have provided evidence that PCBs are important contributors to subtle neurobehavioral alterations observed in newborn children and that some of these alterations persist during childhood. Some consistent observations at birth have been motor immaturity and hyporeflexia and lower psychomotor scores between 6 months and 2 years old. There is preliminary evidence that highly chlorinated PCB congeners, which accumulate in certain fish, are associated with neurobehavioral alterations seen in some newborn children. Subtle neurobehavioral alterations have also been observed in children born to mothers in the general population with the highest PCB body burdens. Because of the limitations of epidemiological studies, these effects cannot be attributed entirely to PCB exposure. In one general population study, there was strong evidence that dioxins, as well as PCBs, were contributors to the neurobehavioral effects seen in exposed children. Children born to women who accidentally consumed rice oil contaminated with relatively high amounts of PCBs and chlorinated dibenzofurans (CDFs) during pregnancy also had neurodevelopmental changes. Studies in animals support the human data. Neurobehavioral alterations have been also observed in rats and monkeys following prenatal and/or postnatal exposure to commercial Aroclor mixtures, defined experimental congener mixtures, single PCB congeners, and Great Lakes contaminated fish. In addition, monkeys exposed postnatally to PCB mixtures of congeneric composition and concentration similar to that found in human breast milk showed learning deficits long after exposure had ceased. A few other generalizations can be made from the data in animals. It appears that ortho-substituted PCB congeners are more active than coplanar PCBs in modifying cognitive processes. In addition, one effect observed in both rats and monkeys - deficits on delayed spatial alternation - has been known to be induced by exposure to ortho-substituted PCBs, defined experimental mixtures, and commercial Aroclors. Both dioxin-like and non-dioxin-like PCB congeners have been shown to induce neurobehavioral alterations in animals. Changes in levels of neurotransmitters in various brain areas have also been observed in monkeys, rats, and mice. Of all the observed changes, the most consistent has been a decrease in dopamine content in basal ganglia and prefrontal cortex, but further research is needed before specific neurobehavioral deficits can be correlated with PCB-induced changes in specific neurotransmitters in specific brain areas. JF - Toxicology and Industrial Health AU - Faroon, O AU - Jones, D AU - De Rosa, C AD - Division of Toxicology, ATSDR, 1600 Clifton Road, NE, Mailstop E-29, Atlanta, GA 30333, USA, oxs0@cdc.gov Y1 - 2000/09// PY - 2000 DA - Sep 2000 SP - 305 EP - 333 VL - 16 IS - 7-8 SN - 0748-2337, 0748-2337 KW - Health & Safety Science Abstracts; Pollution Abstracts; Water Resources Abstracts; Toxicology Abstracts KW - Polychlorinated Biphenyls KW - Animal models KW - Environmental health KW - Food Chains KW - Foods KW - Nervous system KW - Public Health KW - Water Pollution Effects KW - Reviews KW - Neurotoxicity KW - Seafood KW - PCB compounds KW - PCB KW - H 14000:Toxicology KW - X 24250:Reviews KW - SW 3030:Effects of pollution KW - P 6000:TOXICOLOGY AND HEALTH UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/18357811?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxicologyabstracts&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Toxicology+and+Industrial+Health&rft.atitle=Effects+of+polychlorinated+biphenyls+on+the+nervous+system&rft.au=Faroon%2C+O%3BJones%2C+D%3BDe+Rosa%2C+C&rft.aulast=Faroon&rft.aufirst=O&rft.date=2000-09-01&rft.volume=16&rft.issue=7-8&rft.spage=305&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Toxicology+and+Industrial+Health&rft.issn=07482337&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Last updated - 2015-03-24 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Nervous system; Reviews; Neurotoxicity; PCB; Animal models; Environmental health; PCB compounds; Foods; Food Chains; Public Health; Water Pollution Effects; Polychlorinated Biphenyls; Seafood ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Effects of metal working fluids on B6C3F1 mouse skin AN - 17861640; 5109547 AB - Over 10 million workers in the United States are exposed to metal working fluids (MWFs) through dermal contact and/or inhalation of aerosolized fluids. The objective of this study was to elucidate the response of skin to dermal exposure to MWFs. Four- to six-week-old B6C3F1 mice of both sexes were divided into eight groups (n=5/group) and exposed to 200 mu l of 0%, 5% (pH 7 and 9.7) and 100% (pH 10.4), unused MWFs/H sub(2)O by topical application to the unshaven back (cervical to sacral region), twice a week for 6 weeks. Skin-mast cell number in females of most treated groups and of two male groups (100% and 5%, pH 7) were significantly higher than the control groups. Eventhough both males and females (treated with 100% MWF/H sub(2)O) showed an increase in the skin-histamine levels (38% and 41%, respectively), this increase was significant in females only (ANOVA, P less than or equal to 0.05). Dermal exposure to 100% MWFs increased liver weight significantly in both sexes. Ulcers and associated inflammation were seen in the skin of mice treated with 100% unused MWFs and sacrificed at 6 weeks, but not in the recovery groups. Hypertrophy of the sebaceous gland epithelium is present in all mice treated for 6 weeks and sacrificed immediately. However, only the mice treated with 100% MWF retained the hypertrophy of this epithelium after a 6-week recovery period. In conclusion, dermal exposure to unused semi-synthetic MWF penetrates the normal skin, induces mast cell accumulation in the skin, produces hypertrophy of the sebaceous glands, and may affect females more than males. JF - Toxicology and Industrial Health AU - Al-Humadi, N H AU - Battelli, L AU - Willard, P A AU - Schwegler-Berry, D AU - Castranova, V AU - Kommineni, C AD - HELD, NIOSH 1095 Willowdale Road, Morgantown, WV 26505, USA, cdk2@cdc.gov Y1 - 2000/09// PY - 2000 DA - Sep 2000 SP - 203 EP - 210 VL - 16 IS - 6 SN - 0748-2337, 0748-2337 KW - mice KW - Toxicology Abstracts KW - Hypertrophy KW - Skin KW - Epithelium KW - Metal-working fluids KW - Sebaceous gland KW - Occupational exposure KW - X 24151:Acute exposure UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/17861640?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxicologyabstracts&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Toxicology+and+Industrial+Health&rft.atitle=Effects+of+metal+working+fluids+on+B6C3F1+mouse+skin&rft.au=Al-Humadi%2C+N+H%3BBattelli%2C+L%3BWillard%2C+P+A%3BSchwegler-Berry%2C+D%3BCastranova%2C+V%3BKommineni%2C+C&rft.aulast=Al-Humadi&rft.aufirst=N&rft.date=2000-09-01&rft.volume=16&rft.issue=6&rft.spage=203&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Toxicology+and+Industrial+Health&rft.issn=07482337&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Skin; Metal-working fluids; Occupational exposure; Epithelium; Hypertrophy; Sebaceous gland ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Youth Risk Behavior Surveillance - United States, 1999 AN - 17736648; 4799920 AB - Priority health-risk behaviors, which contribute to the leading causes of mortality and morbidity among youth and adults, often are established during youth, extend into adulthood, are interrelated, and are preventable. The Youth Risk Behavior Surveillance System (YRBSS) monitors six categories of priority health-risk behaviors among youth and young adults - behaviors that contribute to unintentional and intentional injuries; tobacco use; alcohol and other drug use; sexual behaviors that contribute to unintended pregnancy and sexually transmitted diseases (STDs) (including human immunodeficiency virus [HIV] infection); unhealthy dietary behaviors; and physical inactivity. The YRBSS includes a national school-based survey conducted by CDC as well as state, territorial, and local school-based surveys conducted by education and health agencies. This report summarizes results from the national survey, 33 state surveys, and 16 local surveys conducted among high school students during February through May 1999. JF - Journal of School Health AU - Kann, L AU - Kinchen, SA AU - Williams, B I AU - Ross, J G AU - Lowry, R AU - Grunbaum, JA AU - Kolbe, L J AD - Division of Adolescent and School Health, National Center for Chronic Disease Prevention and Health Promotion, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, 4770 Buford Highway, MS-K33, Atlanta, GA 30341, USA Y1 - 2000/09// PY - 2000 DA - Sep 2000 SP - 271 EP - 285 VL - 70 IS - 7 SN - 0022-4391, 0022-4391 KW - USA KW - drug abuse KW - physical activity KW - sexual behavior KW - Risk Abstracts; Health & Safety Science Abstracts KW - Injuries KW - Tobacco KW - Adolescents KW - Diets KW - Alcohol KW - Behavior KW - Human immunodeficiency virus KW - R2 23060:Medical and environmental health KW - H 12000:Epidemiology and Public Health UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/17736648?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Ariskabstracts&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+School+Health&rft.atitle=Youth+Risk+Behavior+Surveillance+-+United+States%2C+1999&rft.au=Kann%2C+L%3BKinchen%2C+SA%3BWilliams%2C+B+I%3BRoss%2C+J+G%3BLowry%2C+R%3BGrunbaum%2C+JA%3BKolbe%2C+L+J&rft.aulast=Kann&rft.aufirst=L&rft.date=2000-09-01&rft.volume=70&rft.issue=7&rft.spage=271&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+School+Health&rft.issn=00224391&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Adolescents; Behavior; Diets; Human immunodeficiency virus; Injuries; Tobacco; Alcohol ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Distribution of Neisseria meningitidis Serogroup B Serosubtypes and Serotypes Circulating in the United States AN - 17636796; 4774933 AB - Because the Neisseria meningitidis serogroup B (NMSB) capsule is poorly immunogenic in humans, immunization strategies have focused on noncapsular antigens. Both PorA and to a lesser extent PorB are noncapsular protein antigens capable of inducing protective bactericidal antibodies, and vaccines based on the outer membrane protein (OMP) components of serogroup B meningococci have been shown to be effective in clinical trials. Multiple PorA antigens seem to be needed to prevent endemic meningococcal disease around the world, and a hexavalent PorA-based meningococcal vaccine has recently been developed in The Netherlands. To evaluate the distribution of NMSB PorA and PorB antigens in the United States, serosubtyping and serotyping were done on 444 NMSB strains isolated in the active surveillance areas of the United States (total population, 32 million) during the period 1992 to 1998. A total of 244 strains were isolated from sporadic cases of meningococcal disease, and 200 strains were isolated from an epidemic in Oregon. A panel of 16 mouse monoclonal antibodies reactive with PorA and 15 monoclonal antibodies reactive with PorB were used. Among the NMSB isolates obtained from sporadic cases, the most prevalent serosubtypes were P1.7,16 (14.3%), P1.19,15 (9.8%), P1.7,1 (8.6%), P1.5,2 (7.8%), P1.22a, 14 (7.8%), and P1.14 (5.3%) and the most prevalent serotypes were 4,7 (27.5%), 15 (16%), 14 (8.6%), 10 (6.1%), 1 (4.9%), and 2a (3.7%). A multivalent PorA-based OMP vaccine aimed at the six most prevalent serosubtypes could have targeted about half of the sporadic cases of NMSB disease that occurred between 1992 and 1998 in the surveillance areas. Twenty serosubtypes would have had to be included in a multivalent vaccine to achieve 80% coverage of strains causing sporadic disease. The relatively large number of isolates that did not react with murine monoclonal antibodies indicates that DNA sequence-based variable region typing of NMSB will be necessary to provide precise information on the distribution and diversity of PorA antigens and correlation with nonserosubtypeable isolates. The high degree of variability observed in the PorA and PorB proteins of NMSB in the United States suggests that vaccine strategies not based on OMPs should be further investigated. JF - Journal of Clinical Microbiology AU - Tondella, MLC AU - Popovic, T AU - Rosenstein, N E AU - Lake, D B AU - Carlone, G M AU - Mayer, L W AU - Perkins, BA AD - Respiratory Diseases Branch, Division of Bacterial and Mycotic Diseases (Mailstop G03), NCID, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, 1600 Clifton Rd., NE, Atlanta, GA 30333, USA, mlt5@cdc.gov Y1 - 2000/09// PY - 2000 DA - Sep 2000 SP - 3323 EP - 3328 VL - 38 IS - 9 SN - 0095-1137, 0095-1137 KW - serogroup B KW - PorA protein KW - PorB protein KW - Microbiology Abstracts B: Bacteriology KW - Geographical distribution KW - USA KW - Antigens KW - Monoclonal antibodies KW - Serotyping KW - Vaccines KW - Neisseria meningitidis KW - Meningitis KW - J 02832:Antigenic properties and virulence UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/17636796?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologyb&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Clinical+Microbiology&rft.atitle=Distribution+of+Neisseria+meningitidis+Serogroup+B+Serosubtypes+and+Serotypes+Circulating+in+the+United+States&rft.au=Tondella%2C+MLC%3BPopovic%2C+T%3BRosenstein%2C+N+E%3BLake%2C+D+B%3BCarlone%2C+G+M%3BMayer%2C+L+W%3BPerkins%2C+BA&rft.aulast=Tondella&rft.aufirst=MLC&rft.date=2000-09-01&rft.volume=38&rft.issue=9&rft.spage=3323&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+Clinical+Microbiology&rft.issn=00951137&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Neisseria meningitidis; USA; Geographical distribution; Antigens; Serotyping; Meningitis; Monoclonal antibodies; Vaccines ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Improved Identification and Differentiation of Varicella-Zoster Virus (VZV) Wild-Type Strains and an Attenuated Varicella Vaccine Strain Using a VZV Open Reading Frame 62-Based PCR AN - 17635369; 4774971 AB - A new method was developed to identify and differentiate varicella-zoster virus (VZV) wild-type strains from the attenuated varicella Oka vaccine strain. The PCR technique was used to amplify a VZV open reading frame (ORF) 62 region. A single specific amplicon of 268 bp was obtained from 71 VZV clinical isolates and several laboratory strains. Subsequent digestion of the VZV ORF 62 amplicons with SmaI enabled accurate strain differentiation (three SmaI sites were present in amplicons of vaccine strain VZV, compared with two enzyme cleavage sites for all other VZV strains tested). This method accurately differentiated the Oka vaccine strain from wild-type VZV strains circulating in countries representing all six populated continents. Moreover, the assay more reliably distinguished wild-type Japanese strains from the vaccine strain than did previously described methods. JF - Journal of Clinical Microbiology AU - Loparev, V N AU - Argaw, T AU - Krause, PR AU - Takayama, Michiko AU - Schmid, D S AD - Division of Viral and Rickettsial Diseases, National Center for Infectious Diseases, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, Atlanta, GA 30333, USA, vn10@cdc.gov Y1 - 2000/09// PY - 2000 DA - Sep 2000 SP - 3156 EP - 3160 VL - 38 IS - 9 SN - 0095-1137, 0095-1137 KW - Virology & AIDS Abstracts; Microbiology Abstracts A: Industrial & Applied Microbiology KW - Differentiation KW - Varicella-zoster virus KW - Polymerase chain reaction KW - Assays KW - Vaccines KW - A 01114:Viruses KW - V 22022:Virus assay UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/17635369?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologya&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Clinical+Microbiology&rft.atitle=Improved+Identification+and+Differentiation+of+Varicella-Zoster+Virus+%28VZV%29+Wild-Type+Strains+and+an+Attenuated+Varicella+Vaccine+Strain+Using+a+VZV+Open+Reading+Frame+62-Based+PCR&rft.au=Loparev%2C+V+N%3BArgaw%2C+T%3BKrause%2C+PR%3BTakayama%2C+Michiko%3BSchmid%2C+D+S&rft.aulast=Loparev&rft.aufirst=V&rft.date=2000-09-01&rft.volume=38&rft.issue=9&rft.spage=3156&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+Clinical+Microbiology&rft.issn=00951137&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Varicella-zoster virus; Differentiation; Assays; Vaccines; Polymerase chain reaction ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Molecular cloning, sequencing, expression, and characterization of an immunogenic 43-kilodalton lipoprotein of Bartonella bacilliformis that has homology to NlpD/LppB AN - 17626353; 4764216 AB - A recombinant clone expressing an immunoreactive antigen of Bartonella bacilliformis was isolated by screening a genomic DNA library with serum from a patient with the chronic verruga phase of bartonellosis. The clone, pBIPIM-17, contained a partial open reading frame that expressed an immunoreactive fusion protein. Subsequent rescreening of the library by plaque hybridization resulted in the isolation of recombinant clones that contain the entire open reading frame. The open reading frame (ORF-401) is capable of encoding a protein of 401 amino acids with a predicted molecular mass of 43 kDa. The deduced amino acid sequence of the encoded protein was found to be highly homologous to a recently identified bacterial lipoprotein (LppB/NlpD) which has been associated with virulence. Evidence has been provided to show that the 43-kDa antigen of B. bacilliformis is a lipoprotein and that it is likely to use the same biosynthetic pathway as other bacterial lipoproteins. This is the first report to date that characterizes a lipoprotein of B. bacilliformis. The immunogenicity of the B. bacilliformis LppB homologue was demonstrated by Western blot analysis using sera from patients with clinical bartonellosis. Sera from patients who had a high titer for Bartonella henselae, the causative agent of bacillary angiomatosis and cat scratch disease, also recognized the recombinant 43-kDa antigen, suggesting that a homologue of this antigen is present in B. henselae. Using a cocktail of synthetic peptides corresponding to predicted major antigenic sites, polyclonal antiserum specific for the LppB homologue of B. bacilliformis was generated. This antiserum did not recognize the NlpD homologue of Escherichia coli or the 43-kDa antigen of B. henselae. JF - Infection and Immunity AU - Padmalayam, I AU - Kelly, T AU - Baumstark, B AU - Massung, R AD - Department of Biology, Georgia State University, Atlanta, GA 30303, USA, ixp0@cdc.gov Y1 - 2000/09// PY - 2000 DA - Sep 2000 SP - 4972 EP - 4979 VL - 68 IS - 9 SN - 0019-9567, 0019-9567 KW - LppB/NlpD protein KW - bartonellosis KW - lipoproteins KW - Genetics Abstracts; Microbiology Abstracts B: Bacteriology KW - Gene expression KW - Virulence KW - Western blotting KW - Antigens KW - Gene libraries KW - Nucleotide sequence KW - Lipoproteins KW - Proteins KW - Bartonella henselae KW - Bartonella bacilliformis KW - J 02832:Antigenic properties and virulence KW - G 07320:Bacterial genetics UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/17626353?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologyb&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Infection+and+Immunity&rft.atitle=Molecular+cloning%2C+sequencing%2C+expression%2C+and+characterization+of+an+immunogenic+43-kilodalton+lipoprotein+of+Bartonella+bacilliformis+that+has+homology+to+NlpD%2FLppB&rft.au=Padmalayam%2C+I%3BKelly%2C+T%3BBaumstark%2C+B%3BMassung%2C+R&rft.aulast=Padmalayam&rft.aufirst=I&rft.date=2000-09-01&rft.volume=68&rft.issue=9&rft.spage=4972&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Infection+and+Immunity&rft.issn=00199567&rft_id=info:doi/10.1128%2FIAI.68.9.4972-4979.2000 LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Bartonella bacilliformis; Bartonella henselae; Nucleotide sequence; Antigens; Virulence; Gene libraries; Gene expression; Proteins; Lipoproteins; Western blotting DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/IAI.68.9.4972-4979.2000 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Analysis of Complement Fixation and Commercial Enzyme Immunoassays for Detection of Antibodies to Mycoplasma pneumoniae in Human Serum AN - 17623101; 4761860 AB - The Meridian ImmunoCard (IC), GenBio ImmunoWELL-IgM, and Remel EIA commercial antibody tests are qualitative enzyme immunoassays that detect antibodies to Mycoplasma pneumoniae in serum. These tests were compared to an M. pneumoniae complement fixation (CF) assay, which uses a commercially available antigen component. The Meridian IC and the ImmunoWELL-IgM detect immunoglobulin M (IgM) only; the Remel EIA and the CF test detect both IgM and IgG antibodies. Detection of specific IgM antibody, which appears early in infection, can be, but is not always, indicative of a recent or current infection. Paired serum samples from 64 adult patients with probable M. pneumoniae infection were examined with each of the four tests. Thirty (47%) of the 64 acute-phase sera were IgM positive by Meridian IC, 26 (41%) were positive by Remel EIA, 24 (38%) were positive by CF, and 15 (23%) were positive by ImmunoWELL-IgM. When both the acute- and convalescent-phase serum samples from each patient were examined, 61 (95%) of the 64 patients were positive by CF, 60 patients (94%) were positive by Remel EIA, 52 patients (81%) were IgM positive by the Meridian IC, and 29 patients (45%) were IgM positive by the ImmunoWELL-IgM assay. The Meridian IC was more sensitive than the other tests for early detection of IgM antibodies. However, after examining paired serum samples, we concluded that the detection of IgM alone may not be useful for all cases of mycoplasma infection, especially in an adult population. JF - Clinical and Diagnostic Laboratory Immunology AU - Thacker, W L AU - Talkington, D F AD - Bldg. 5-312, Mailstop G03, CDC, Atlanta, GA 30333, USA, wlt1@cdc.gov Y1 - 2000/09// PY - 2000 DA - Sep 2000 SP - 778 EP - 780 VL - 7 IS - 5 SN - 1071-412X, 1071-412X KW - immunology KW - Meridian ImmunoCard KW - GenBio ImmunoWELL-IgM KW - Remel EIA KW - complement fixation KW - Mycoplasma pneumoniae KW - Microbiology Abstracts B: Bacteriology; Immunology Abstracts KW - Antibodies KW - Complement KW - Immunoglobulin G KW - Immunoglobulin M KW - Enzyme immunoassay KW - J 02831:Techniques and reagents KW - F 06720:ELISA UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/17623101?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologyb&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Clinical+and+Diagnostic+Laboratory+Immunology&rft.atitle=Analysis+of+Complement+Fixation+and+Commercial+Enzyme+Immunoassays+for+Detection+of+Antibodies+to+Mycoplasma+pneumoniae+in+Human+Serum&rft.au=Thacker%2C+W+L%3BTalkington%2C+D+F&rft.aulast=Thacker&rft.aufirst=W&rft.date=2000-09-01&rft.volume=7&rft.issue=5&rft.spage=778&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Clinical+and+Diagnostic+Laboratory+Immunology&rft.issn=1071412X&rft_id=info:doi/10.1128%2FCDLI.7.5.778-780.2000 LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Mycoplasma pneumoniae; Antibodies; Complement; Immunoglobulin G; Immunoglobulin M; Enzyme immunoassay DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/CDLI.7.5.778-780.2000 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Characterization of gyrA mutations associated with fluoroquinolone resistance in Campylobacter coli by DNA sequence analysis and MAMA PCR AN - 17614191; 4754229 AB - Increasing numbers of fluoroquinolone-resistant Campylobacter coli isolates received at the Minnesota State Public Health Laboratory and at the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention have been a cause for concern. The gyrA quinolone resistance-determining regions of several fluoroquinolone-resistant isolates were sequenced to examine the mechanism of resistance. Ciprofloxacin-resistant C. coli isolates examined by DNA sequencing had a Thr-86 to Ile (ACT arrow right ATT) gyrA mutation, leading to resistance to fluoroquinolone antibiotics. A mismatch amplification mutation assay polymerase chain reaction protocol was developed to detect this gyrA mutation. JF - FEMS Microbiology Letters AU - Zirnstein, G AU - Helsel, L AU - Swaminathan, B AU - Besser, J AD - National Center for Infectious Diseases, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Public Health Service, US Department of Health and Human Services, Mail Stop C03, 1600 Clifton Road, Atlanta, GA 30333, USA, gaz3@cdc.gov Y1 - 2000/09/01/ PY - 2000 DA - 2000 Sep 01 SP - 1 EP - 7 PB - Elsevier VL - 190 IS - 1 SN - 0378-1097, 0378-1097 KW - ciprofloxacin KW - gyrA gene KW - Genetics Abstracts; Microbiology Abstracts B: Bacteriology KW - Ciprofloxacin KW - Fluoroquinolones KW - Nucleotide sequence KW - Drug resistance KW - DNA topoisomerase KW - Campylobacter coli KW - Antibiotic resistance KW - G 07320:Bacterial genetics KW - J 02814:Drug resistance KW - J 02740:Genetics and evolution UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/17614191?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologyb&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=FEMS+Microbiology+Letters&rft.atitle=Characterization+of+gyrA+mutations+associated+with+fluoroquinolone+resistance+in+Campylobacter+coli+by+DNA+sequence+analysis+and+MAMA+PCR&rft.au=Zirnstein%2C+G%3BHelsel%2C+L%3BSwaminathan%2C+B%3BBesser%2C+J&rft.aulast=Zirnstein&rft.aufirst=G&rft.date=2000-09-01&rft.volume=190&rft.issue=1&rft.spage=1&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=FEMS+Microbiology+Letters&rft.issn=03781097&rft_id=info:doi/10.1016%2FS0378-1097%2800%2900306-2 LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Campylobacter coli; Fluoroquinolones; Drug resistance; Nucleotide sequence; Ciprofloxacin; DNA topoisomerase; Antibiotic resistance DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0378-1097(00)00306-2 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Phenotypic characterization of pncA mutants of Mycobacterium tuberculosis AN - 17586344; 4764294 AB - We examined the correlation of mutations in the pyrazinamidase (PZase) gene (pncA) with the pyrazinamide (PZA) resistance phenotype with 60 Mycobacterium tuberculosis isolates. PZase activity was determined by the method of Wayne (L. G. Wayne, Am. Rev. Respir. Dis. 109:147-151, 1974), and the entire pncA nucleotide sequence, including the 74 bp upstream of the start codon, was determined. PZA susceptibility testing was performed by the method of proportions on modified Middlebrook and Cohn 7H10 medium. The PZA MICs were greater than or equal to 100 mu g/ml for 37 isolates, 34 of which had alterations in the pncA gene. These mutations included missense substitutions for 24 isolates, nonsense substitutions for 3 isolates, frameshifts by deletion for 4 isolates, a three-codon insertion for 1 isolate, and putative regulatory mutations for 2 isolates. Among 21 isolates for which PZA MICs were <100 mu g/ml, 3 had the same mutation (Thr47 arrow right Ala) and 18 had the wild-type sequence. For the three Thr47 arrow right Ala mutants PZA MICs were 12.5 mu g/ml by the method of proportions on 7H10 agar; two of these were resistant to 100 mu g of PZA per ml and the third was resistant to 800 mu g of PZA per ml by the BACTEC method. In all, 30 different pncA mutations were found among the 37 pncA mutants. No PZase activity was detected in 35 of 37 strains that were resistant to greater than or equal to 100 mu g of PZA per ml or in 34 of 37 pncA mutants. Reduced PZase activity was found in the three mutants with the Thr47 arrow right Ala mutation. This study demonstrates that mutations in the pncA gene may serve as a reliable indicator of resistance to greater than or equal to 100 mu g of PZA per ml. JF - Antimicrobial Agents & Chemotherapy AU - Morlock, G P AU - Crawford, J T AU - Butler, W R AU - Brim, SE AU - Sikes, D AU - Mazurek, G H AU - Woodley, ChL AU - Cooksey, R C AD - 1600 Clifton Rd., Mail Stop F08, Atlanta, GA 30333, USA, gpm0@cdc.gov Y1 - 2000/09// PY - 2000 DA - Sep 2000 SP - 2291 EP - 2295 VL - 44 IS - 9 SN - 0066-4804, 0066-4804 KW - Pyrazinamidase KW - Pyrazinamide KW - pncA gene KW - Microbiology Abstracts B: Bacteriology KW - Drug resistance KW - Drug sensitivity testing KW - Antibacterial agents KW - Minimum inhibitory concentration KW - Mutation KW - Mycobacterium tuberculosis KW - J 02740:Genetics and evolution UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/17586344?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologyb&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Antimicrobial+Agents+%26+Chemotherapy&rft.atitle=Phenotypic+characterization+of+pncA+mutants+of+Mycobacterium+tuberculosis&rft.au=Morlock%2C+G+P%3BCrawford%2C+J+T%3BButler%2C+W+R%3BBrim%2C+SE%3BSikes%2C+D%3BMazurek%2C+G+H%3BWoodley%2C+ChL%3BCooksey%2C+R+C&rft.aulast=Morlock&rft.aufirst=G&rft.date=2000-09-01&rft.volume=44&rft.issue=9&rft.spage=2291&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Antimicrobial+Agents+%26+Chemotherapy&rft.issn=00664804&rft_id=info:doi/10.1128%2FAAC.44.9.2291-2295.2000 LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Mycobacterium tuberculosis; Antibacterial agents; Drug resistance; Mutation; Drug sensitivity testing; Minimum inhibitory concentration DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/AAC.44.9.2291-2295.2000 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Characterization of the extended-spectrum beta -lactamase reference strain, Klebsiella pneumoniae K6 (ATCC 700603), which produces the novel enzyme SHV-18 AN - 17584122; 4764307 AB - Klebsiella pneumoniae K6 (ATCC 700603), a clinical isolate, is resistant to ceftazidime and other oxyimino- beta -lactams. A consistent reduction in the MICs of oxyimino- beta -lactams by at least 3 twofold dilutions in the presence of clavulanic acid confirmed the utility of K. pneumoniae K6 as a quality control strain for extended-spectrum beta -lactamase (ESBL) detection. Isoelectric-focusing analysis of crude lysates of K6 demonstrated a single beta -lactamase with a pI of 7.8 and a substrate profile showing preferential hydrolysis of cefotaxime compared to ceftazidime. PCR analysis of total bacterial DNA from K6 identified the presence of a bla sub(SHV) gene. K6 contained two large plasmids with molecular sizes of approximately 160 and 80 kb. Hybridization of plasmid DNA with a bla sub(SHV)-specific probe indicated that a bla sub(SHV) gene was encoded on the 80-kb plasmid, which was shown to transfer resistance to ceftazidime in conjugal mating experiments with Escherichia coli HB101. DNA sequencing of this bla sub(SHV)-related gene revealed that it differs from bla sub(SHV-1) at nine nucleotides, five of which resulted in amino acid substitutions: Ile to Phe at position 8, Arg to Ser at position 43, Gly to Ala at position 238, and Glu to Lys at position 240. In addition to the production of this novel ESBL, designated SHV-18, analysis of the outer membrane proteins of K6 revealed the loss of the OmpK35 and OmpK37 porins. JF - Antimicrobial Agents & Chemotherapy AU - Rasheed, J K AU - Anderson, G J AU - Yigit, H AU - Queenan, A M AU - Domenech-Sanchez, A AU - Swenson, J M AU - Biddle, J W AU - Ferraro, MJ AU - Jacoby, G A AU - Tenover, F C AD - Nosocomial Pathogens Laboratory Branch (G08), Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, 1600 Clifton Rd. N.E., Atlanta, GA 30333, USA, Jkr1@cdc.gov Y1 - 2000/09// PY - 2000 DA - Sep 2000 SP - 2382 EP - 2388 VL - 44 IS - 9 SN - 0066-4804, 0066-4804 KW - OmpK35 protein KW - OmpK37 protein KW - SHV-18 protein KW - bla sub(SHV) gene KW - Microbiology Abstracts A: Industrial & Applied Microbiology; Microbiology Abstracts B: Bacteriology KW - bla@@dSHV@ gene KW - Cefotaxime KW - Isoelectric focusing KW - Plasmids KW - Ceftazidime KW - Polymerase chain reaction KW - b-Lactamase KW - ^b-Lactamase KW - Antibiotic resistance KW - Klebsiella pneumoniae KW - A 01064:Microbial resistance KW - J 02795:Antibiotic resistance UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/17584122?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologyb&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Antimicrobial+Agents+%26+Chemotherapy&rft.atitle=Characterization+of+the+extended-spectrum+beta+-lactamase+reference+strain%2C+Klebsiella+pneumoniae+K6+%28ATCC+700603%29%2C+which+produces+the+novel+enzyme+SHV-18&rft.au=Rasheed%2C+J+K%3BAnderson%2C+G+J%3BYigit%2C+H%3BQueenan%2C+A+M%3BDomenech-Sanchez%2C+A%3BSwenson%2C+J+M%3BBiddle%2C+J+W%3BFerraro%2C+MJ%3BJacoby%2C+G+A%3BTenover%2C+F+C&rft.aulast=Rasheed&rft.aufirst=J&rft.date=2000-09-01&rft.volume=44&rft.issue=9&rft.spage=2382&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Antimicrobial+Agents+%26+Chemotherapy&rft.issn=00664804&rft_id=info:doi/10.1128%2FAAC.44.9.2382-2388.2000 LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Klebsiella pneumoniae; b-Lactamase; Isoelectric focusing; Cefotaxime; Ceftazidime; Plasmids; Polymerase chain reaction; Antibiotic resistance; ^b-Lactamase DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/AAC.44.9.2382-2388.2000 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Changing patterns of infectious disease AN - 762271822; 13742829 AB - Despite a century of often successful prevention and control efforts, infectious diseases remain an important global problem in public health, causing over 13 million deaths each year. Changes in society, technology and the microorganisms themselves are contributing to the emergence of new diseases, the re-emergence of diseases once controlled, and to the development of antimicrobial resistance. Two areas of special concern in the twenty-first century are food-borne disease and antimicrobial resistance. The effective control of infectious diseases in the new millennium will require effective public health infrastructures that will rapidly recognize and respond to them and will prevent emerging problems. JF - Nature AU - Cohen, Mitchell L AD - Division of Bacterial and Mycotic Diseases (C09), National Center for Infectious Diseases, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), 1600 Clifton Road, Atlanta, Georgia 30333, USA PY - 2000 SP - 762 EP - 767 PB - Nature Publishing Group, The Macmillan Building London N1 9XW United Kingdom VL - 406 IS - 6797 SN - 0028-0836, 0028-0836 KW - Microbiology Abstracts A: Industrial & Applied Microbiology; Water Resources Abstracts; Aqualine Abstracts KW - Drug resistance KW - Food-borne diseases KW - Public health KW - Public Health KW - Resistance KW - Infectious diseases KW - Microorganisms KW - Diseases KW - AQ 00001:Water Resources and Supplies KW - A 01340:Antibiotics & Antimicrobials KW - SW 0540:Properties of water UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/762271822?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aaqualine&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Nature&rft.atitle=Changing+patterns+of+infectious+disease&rft.au=Cohen%2C+Mitchell+L&rft.aulast=Cohen&rft.aufirst=Mitchell&rft.date=2000-08-07&rft.volume=406&rft.issue=6797&rft.spage=762&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Nature&rft.issn=00280836&rft_id=info:doi/10.1038%2F35021206 LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2010-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2015-12-23 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Infectious diseases; Drug resistance; Microorganisms; Food-borne diseases; Public health; Public Health; Resistance; Diseases DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/35021206 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Human cancer risk and exposure to 1,3-butadiene--a tale of mice and men. AN - 72274770; 10994798 AB - The purpose of this study was to evaluate empirically the relevance of animal-bioassay-based models for predicting human risks from exposure to 1,3-butadiene (BD) using epidemiologic data. Relative-risk results obtained with a regression model in a recent epidemiologic study were used to estimate leukemia risk for occupational and environmental exposures to BD and to compare these estimates with those previously derived from an analysis of animal bioassay data. The estimates of risk were found to be highly dependent on the model used when low levels of exposure were evaluated that are of environmental concern, but not at the levels of occupational concern. For example, at the level (1 part per million) of the recently revised standard of the Occupational Safety and Health Administration in the United States the estimates of lifetime excess risk ranged from 1 to 8 per 1000 workers. The range of the risk estimates derived from the epidemiologic models was remarkably similar to the range of risk estimates for occupational exposures (1 to 9 per thousand) previously developed by Dankovic et al in 1993 from an analysis of a mouse bioassay study for lymphocytic lymphoma. Results for BD seem to provide another example of a high degree of concordance between the risk predictions from models of toxicologic and epidemiologic data, particularly at occupational levels of exposure. JF - Scandinavian journal of work, environment & health AU - Stayner, L T AU - Dankovic, D A AU - Smith, R J AU - Gilbert, S J AU - Bailer, A J AD - Risk Evaluation Branch, Education and Information Division, National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, Cincinnati, Ohio 45226, United States. lts2@cdc.gov Y1 - 2000/08// PY - 2000 DA - August 2000 SP - 322 EP - 330 VL - 26 IS - 4 SN - 0355-3140, 0355-3140 KW - Butadienes KW - 0 KW - Carcinogens KW - 1,3-butadiene KW - JSD5FGP5VD KW - Index Medicus KW - Animals KW - Epidemiologic Methods KW - Aged, 80 and over KW - Humans KW - Adult KW - Environmental Exposure KW - Disease Models, Animal KW - Aged KW - Middle Aged KW - Mice KW - Poisson Distribution KW - Male KW - Female KW - Risk Assessment KW - Leukemia -- chemically induced KW - Butadienes -- toxicity KW - Neoplasms -- chemically induced KW - Neoplasms -- epidemiology KW - Carcinogens -- toxicity KW - Butadienes -- adverse effects KW - Occupational Exposure -- adverse effects KW - Carcinogens -- adverse effects UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/72274770?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Scandinavian+journal+of+work%2C+environment+%26+health&rft.atitle=Human+cancer+risk+and+exposure+to+1%2C3-butadiene--a+tale+of+mice+and+men.&rft.au=Stayner%2C+L+T%3BDankovic%2C+D+A%3BSmith%2C+R+J%3BGilbert%2C+S+J%3BBailer%2C+A+J&rft.aulast=Stayner&rft.aufirst=L&rft.date=2000-08-01&rft.volume=26&rft.issue=4&rft.spage=322&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Scandinavian+journal+of+work%2C+environment+%26+health&rft.issn=03553140&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 2001-01-03 N1 - Date created - 2001-01-03 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Relationship between cigarette, smokeless tobacco, and cigar use, and other health risk behaviors among U.S. high school students. AN - 71732842; 10937370 AB - This study examined relationships between tobacco use and use of other substances, intentional injury risk behaviors, and sexual risk behaviors among US high school students. Data about tobacco use and other health risk behaviors were analyzed from the 1997 national Youth Risk Behavior Survey implemented by the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. One-fourth of students (24%) reported current use of a single tobacco product (i.e., cigarettes, smokeless tobacco, or cigars during the 30 days preceding the survey), and 19.5% reported currently using more than one tobacco product. Generally, students who reported current tobacco use also reported engaging in other substance use, intentional injury risk behaviors, and sexual risk behaviors. For many risk behaviors, these results were especially pronounced among students who reported using two or all three tobacco products. Programs designed to prevent tobacco use should consider that such use often occurs concomitantly with other health risk behaviors. JF - The Journal of school health AU - Everett, S A AU - Malarcher, A M AU - Sharp, D J AU - Husten, C G AU - Giovino, G A AD - Division of Adolescent and School Health, USA. sce2@cdc.gov Y1 - 2000/08// PY - 2000 DA - August 2000 SP - 234 EP - 240 VL - 70 IS - 6 SN - 0022-4391, 0022-4391 KW - Index Medicus KW - Nursing KW - Sexual Behavior KW - Humans KW - Surveys and Questionnaires KW - Marijuana Abuse -- epidemiology KW - Cocaine-Related Disorders -- epidemiology KW - Adolescent KW - United States -- epidemiology KW - Male KW - Female KW - Plants, Toxic KW - Adolescent Behavior KW - Risk-Taking KW - Tobacco Use Disorder -- epidemiology KW - Smoking -- epidemiology KW - Tobacco, Smokeless KW - Substance-Related Disorders -- epidemiology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/71732842?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Journal+of+school+health&rft.atitle=Relationship+between+cigarette%2C+smokeless+tobacco%2C+and+cigar+use%2C+and+other+health+risk+behaviors+among+U.S.+high+school+students.&rft.au=Everett%2C+S+A%3BMalarcher%2C+A+M%3BSharp%2C+D+J%3BHusten%2C+C+G%3BGiovino%2C+G+A&rft.aulast=Everett&rft.aufirst=S&rft.date=2000-08-01&rft.volume=70&rft.issue=6&rft.spage=234&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=The+Journal+of+school+health&rft.issn=00224391&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 2000-12-01 N1 - Date created - 2000-12-01 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Pre-natal and peri-natal exposures and risk of testicular germ-cell cancer. AN - 71245758; 10897052 AB - The present case-control study was undertaken to investigate the association between exposure to maternal hormones and risk of testicular germ-cell cancer by histologic subgroups. Cases were males, aged 16 to 59 years, diagnosed with testicular germ-cell cancer in Ontario between 1987 and 1989. Histologic review was performed on all eligible cases for the purpose of categorizing cases as seminoma or non-seminoma (the latter classified 2 ways, with and without tumors containing seminoma). Risk factor data were collected on 502 cases, 346 case mothers, 975 age-matched controls, and 522 control mothers. Exogenous hormone exposure was associated with elevated risk (OR = 4.9, 95% CI 1.7-13.9). Several additional risk factors were associated with risk of testicular cancer: bleeding and threatened miscarriage (OR = 0.6, 95% CI 0.3-1.0), maternal cigarette smoking (12+ cigarettes/day OR = 0.6, 95% CI 0. 4-1.0). pre-term birth (OR = 1.6, 95% CI 1.0-2.5), and treatment for undescended testicle (OR = 8.0, 95% CI 3.2-20.0). First births were associated with elevated risk (OR = 1.7, 95% CI 1.0-2.8) among mothers below the age of 24 years at conception. There was little evidence that risk factors differed by histologic subgroup. We found evidence that exposure to maternal hormones, particularly estrogens, is associated with testicular germ-cell cancer risk. Not only does exposure to elevated levels (exogenous hormone use, pre-term birth, and first births among young mothers) increase risk but also exposure to relatively lower levels (heavy cigarette consumption and, perhaps, bleeding and threatened miscarriage) may decrease cancer risk. Copyright 2000 Wiley-Liss, Inc. JF - International journal of cancer AU - Weir, H K AU - Marrett, L D AU - Kreiger, N AU - Darlington, G A AU - Sugar, L AD - Department of Public Health Sciences, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada. HBW4@CDC.GOV Y1 - 2000/08/01/ PY - 2000 DA - 2000 Aug 01 SP - 438 EP - 443 VL - 87 IS - 3 SN - 0020-7136, 0020-7136 KW - Estrogens KW - 0 KW - Index Medicus KW - Age Factors KW - Odds Ratio KW - Humans KW - Alcohol Drinking -- adverse effects KW - Infant, Premature KW - Cryptorchidism -- epidemiology KW - Body Weight KW - Smoking KW - Abortion, Threatened -- epidemiology KW - Birth Order KW - Adult KW - Ontario -- epidemiology KW - Adolescent KW - Male KW - Parity KW - Seminoma -- etiology KW - Infant, Newborn KW - Pregnancy KW - Pregnancy Complications -- epidemiology KW - Vomiting -- epidemiology KW - Risk Factors KW - Surveys and Questionnaires KW - Case-Control Studies KW - Middle Aged KW - Seminoma -- epidemiology KW - Female KW - Cryptorchidism -- surgery KW - Germinoma -- etiology KW - Germinoma -- epidemiology KW - Testicular Neoplasms -- etiology KW - Environmental Exposure KW - Estrogens -- adverse effects KW - Testicular Neoplasms -- epidemiology KW - Prenatal Exposure Delayed Effects UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/71245758?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=International+journal+of+cancer&rft.atitle=Pre-natal+and+peri-natal+exposures+and+risk+of+testicular+germ-cell+cancer.&rft.au=Weir%2C+H+K%3BMarrett%2C+L+D%3BKreiger%2C+N%3BDarlington%2C+G+A%3BSugar%2C+L&rft.aulast=Weir&rft.aufirst=H&rft.date=2000-08-01&rft.volume=87&rft.issue=3&rft.spage=438&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=International+journal+of+cancer&rft.issn=00207136&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 2000-09-28 N1 - Date created - 2000-09-28 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Drowning and alcohol in New Zealand: what do the coroner's files tell us? AN - 21135083; 11158434 AB - Objective: To provide a systematic review of the details on alcohol involvement available in the coronial files to determine if there is enough evidence to estimate the role of alcohol in drowning. Method: We reviewed the coroner's files of persons 10 years or older who drowned in New Zealand between 1992--1994 inclusive. Results: A total of 320 coroner's files were examined. Blood Alcohol Concentrations (BACs) were taken in 115 cases (36%) and positive for 50% of these. When accounting for the incomplete testing by using all the information on alcohol involvement collected, between 30--40% of the cases were estimated to have a positive BAC and between 17--24% to have a BAC 100 mg/dL or higher. Conclusion: The quality and completeness of current coronial information on alcohol involvement in drowning is insufficient to arrive at an accurate estimate of the percentage of drownings where alcohol was a factor. Implications: Coroners should test drowning victims 10 years and older for BAC. These data should be systematically recorded and processed with the goal of determining who should be targeted in drowning and alcohol prevention programs. JF - Australian and New Zealand Journal of Public Health AU - Warner, Margaret AU - Smith, Gordon S AU - Langley, John D AD - Injury Prevention Research Unit, University of Otago Medical School, Dunedin, New Zealand., mmw9@cdc.com Y1 - 2000/08// PY - 2000 DA - Aug 2000 SP - 387 EP - 390 PB - Wiley-Blackwell, 111 River Street Hoboken NJ 07030-5774 USA VL - 24 IS - 4 SN - 1326-0200, 1326-0200 KW - Health & Safety Science Abstracts KW - Alcohol KW - Reviews KW - prevention KW - Australia KW - drowning KW - New Zealand KW - H 12000:Epidemiology and Public Health UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/21135083?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Ahealthsafetyabstracts&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Australian+and+New+Zealand+Journal+of+Public+Health&rft.atitle=Drowning+and+alcohol+in+New+Zealand%3A+what+do+the+coroner%27s+files+tell+us%3F&rft.au=Warner%2C+Margaret%3BSmith%2C+Gordon+S%3BLangley%2C+John+D&rft.aulast=Warner&rft.aufirst=Margaret&rft.date=2000-08-01&rft.volume=24&rft.issue=4&rft.spage=387&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Australian+and+New+Zealand+Journal+of+Public+Health&rft.issn=13260200&rft_id=info:doi/10.1111%2Fj.1467-842X.2000.tb01599.x LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2009-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-14 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - New Zealand; Australia; Alcohol; drowning; Reviews; prevention DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-842X.2000.tb01599.x ER - TY - JOUR T1 - ATSDR evaluation of health effects of chemicals. VII: Chlorinated Dibenzo-p-dioxins AN - 17844954; 4877394 AB - As part of its mandate, the Agency for Toxic Substances and Disease Registry (ATSDR) prepares toxicological profiles on hazardous chemicals found at Comprehensive Environmental Response, Compensation, and Liability Act (CERCLA) National Priorities List (NPL) sites that have the greatest public health impact. These profiles comprehensively summarize toxicological and environmental information. This article constitutes the release of the most important parts of the Toxicological Profile for Chlorinated Dibenzo-p-dioxins (CDDs) [ATSDR. Toxicological profile for chlorinated dibenzo-dioxins (CDDs). Agency for Toxic Substances and Disease Registry, Atlanta, GA, 1998] into the scientific literature. Toxicological information includes health effects, toxicokinetics, mechanism of toxicity, biomarkers, interactions, and evaluation of animal to human extrapolation of data. Environmental information encompasses chemical and physical properties, potential for human exposure, and a listing of regulations and advisories. Because of the enormous database for CDDs, this particular toxicological profile is unusually long. Therefore, the profile had to be substantially shortened for the purpose of this article. Interested readers are encouraged to consult the original toxicological profile for more information. All original profiles can be requested from ATSDR's Information Center by telephone (1-888-42-ATSDR [1-888-422-8731] or E-mail: (atsdric[at]cdc.gov). JF - Toxicology and Industrial Health AU - Pohl, H R AU - Llados, F AU - Ingerman, L AU - Cunningham, P AU - Raymer, J H AU - Wall, C AU - Gasiewicz, T AU - De Rosa, CT AD - ATSDR, 1600 Clifton Road, Mailstop E-29, Atlanta, GA 30333, USA, hrpl@cdc.gov Y1 - 2000/08// PY - 2000 DA - Aug 2000 SP - 85 EP - 201 VL - 16 IS - 3-5 SN - 0748-2337, 0748-2337 KW - chlorinated dibenzo-@ip-dioxins KW - chlorinated dibenzo(p)dioxins KW - chlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxins KW - Health & Safety Science Abstracts; Pollution Abstracts; Toxicology Abstracts KW - Chemicals KW - Organochlorine compounds KW - Government policy KW - Dioxins KW - Public health KW - Environmental effects KW - CERCLA KW - Toxicity KW - Hazardous materials KW - Reviews KW - X 24230:Legislation & recommended standards KW - H 14000:Toxicology KW - P 6000:TOXICOLOGY AND HEALTH UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/17844954?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxicologyabstracts&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Toxicology+and+Industrial+Health&rft.atitle=ATSDR+evaluation+of+health+effects+of+chemicals.+VII%3A+Chlorinated+Dibenzo-p-dioxins&rft.au=Pohl%2C+H+R%3BLlados%2C+F%3BIngerman%2C+L%3BCunningham%2C+P%3BRaymer%2C+J+H%3BWall%2C+C%3BGasiewicz%2C+T%3BDe+Rosa%2C+CT&rft.aulast=Pohl&rft.aufirst=H&rft.date=2000-08-01&rft.volume=16&rft.issue=3-5&rft.spage=85&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Toxicology+and+Industrial+Health&rft.issn=07482337&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Public health; Hazardous materials; Chemicals; CERCLA; Dioxins; Toxicity; Organochlorine compounds; Government policy; Environmental effects; Reviews ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Finite Element Modeling of ROPS in Static Testing and Rear Overturns AN - 17815977; 4847765 AB - Even with the technological advances of the last several decades, agricultural production remains one of the most hazardous occupations in the United States. Death due to tractor rollover is a prime contributor to this hazard. Standards for rollover protective structures (ROPS) performance and certification have been developed by groups such as the Society of Automotive Engineers (SAE) and the American Society of Agricultural Engineers (ASAE) to combat these problems. The current ROPS certification standard, SAE J2194, requires either a dynamic or static testing sequence or both. Although some ROPS manufacturers perform both the dynamic and static phases of SAE J2194 testing, it is possible for a ROPS to be certified for field operation using static testing alone. This research compared ROPS deformation response from a simulated SAE J2194 static loading sequence to ROPS deformation response as a result of a simulated rearward tractor rollover. Finite element analysis techniques for plastic deformation were used to simulate both the static and dynamic rear rollover scenarios. Stress results from the rear rollover model were compared to results from simulated static testing per SAE J2194. Maximum stress values from simulated rear rollovers exceeded maximum stress values recorded during simulated static testing for half of the elements comprising the uprights. In the worst case, the static model underpredicts dynamic model results by approximately 7%. In the best case, the static model overpredicts dynamic model results by approximately 32%. These results suggest the need for additional experimental work to characterize ROPS stress levels during staged overturns and during testing according to the SAE standard. JF - Journal of Agricultural Safety and Health AU - Harris, J R AU - Mucino, V H AU - Etherton, J R AU - Snyder, KA AU - Means, KH AD - NIOSH, Division of Safety Research, 1095 Willowdale Road, M/S 119, Morgantown, WV 26505, USA, jharris@cdc.gov Y1 - 2000/08// PY - 2000 DA - Aug 2000 SP - 215 EP - 225 VL - 6 IS - 3 SN - 1074-7583, 1074-7583 KW - USA KW - farming KW - rollover protective structures KW - tractors KW - Health & Safety Science Abstracts KW - Agriculture KW - Occupational safety KW - Simulation KW - Standards KW - H 1000:Occupational Safety and Health UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/17815977?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Ahealthsafetyabstracts&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Agricultural+Safety+and+Health&rft.atitle=Finite+Element+Modeling+of+ROPS+in+Static+Testing+and+Rear+Overturns&rft.au=Harris%2C+J+R%3BMucino%2C+V+H%3BEtherton%2C+J+R%3BSnyder%2C+KA%3BMeans%2C+KH&rft.aulast=Harris&rft.aufirst=J&rft.date=2000-08-01&rft.volume=6&rft.issue=3&rft.spage=215&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+Agricultural+Safety+and+Health&rft.issn=10747583&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Occupational safety; Agriculture; Standards; Simulation ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Job Hazards for Musculoskeletal Disorders for Youth Working on Farms AN - 17814785; 4847763 AB - A series of eight focus groups were convened to: (1) identify tasks and activities performed by youth on farms with the potential for causing non-traumatic work-related Musculoskeletal Disorders (MSDs); (2) determine the participants perceptions about risks of MSDs for youths performing those tasks; and (3) determine other factors that might relate to MSDs for youth working on farms, such as possible interventions for prevention. Seventy-two farm family members, 40 adults and 32 farm youth aged 8-18, participated in focus groups. Ten questions were posed to each of the eight groups about what tasks youth perform on the farm, how the work is assigned, and what risk factors are associated with the work. There was general agreement among the adults that maturity rather than age is the dominant factor for determining what tasks are performed by youth workers on the farm. Youth, on the other hand, believed that task urgency dictated what jobs were assigned to youth workers. Most adults indicated that lifting objects, forking, or shoveling was responsible for most of the serious non-traumatic injuries. Bending over while working, sitting in an awkward position looking back at equipment from a tractor, sitting in a cramped position, looking down at a combine header, and long hours of work were also identified as potential problems. Youth described muscle aches and strains of the legs, arms, shoulder, back or neck as everyday occurrences. According to the youth, "If it's not broken, you're fine". Only basic training is provided and most respondents believed that youth learned best through observation. There was general agreement that physician recommended guidelines for assigning youth to tasks would be ignored unless they carried the force of the law. JF - Journal of Agricultural Safety and Health AU - Bartels, S AU - Niederman, B AU - Waters, T R AD - National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (MS C-24), 4676 Columbia Parkway, Cincinnati, Ohio 45226, USA, trw1@cdc.gov Y1 - 2000/08// PY - 2000 DA - Aug 2000 SP - 191 EP - 201 VL - 6 IS - 3 SN - 1074-7583, 1074-7583 KW - farming KW - lifting KW - musculoskeletal system KW - Health & Safety Science Abstracts KW - Agriculture KW - Injuries KW - Materials handling KW - Children KW - Occupational health KW - H 1000:Occupational Safety and Health UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/17814785?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Ahealthsafetyabstracts&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Agricultural+Safety+and+Health&rft.atitle=Job+Hazards+for+Musculoskeletal+Disorders+for+Youth+Working+on+Farms&rft.au=Bartels%2C+S%3BNiederman%2C+B%3BWaters%2C+T+R&rft.aulast=Bartels&rft.aufirst=S&rft.date=2000-08-01&rft.volume=6&rft.issue=3&rft.spage=191&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+Agricultural+Safety+and+Health&rft.issn=10747583&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Occupational health; Children; Agriculture; Injuries; Materials handling ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Comparison of three sampling and analytical methods for the determination of airborne hexavalent chromium AN - 17762554; 4820597 AB - A field study was conducted with the goal of comparing the performance of three recently developed or modified sampling and analytical methods for the determination of airborne hexavalent chromium (Cr super(VI)). The study was carried out in a hard chrome electroplating facility and in a jet engine manufacturing facility where airborne Cr super(VI) was expected to be present. The analytical methods evaluated included two laboratory-based procedures (OSHA Method ID-215 and NIOSH Method 7605) and a field-portable method (NIOSH Method 7703). These three methods employ an identical sampling methodology: collection of Cr super(VI)-containing aerosol on a polyvinyl chloride (PVC) filter housed in a sampling cassette, which is connected to a personal sampling pump calibrated at an appropriate flow rate. The basis of the analytical methods for all three methods involves extraction of the PVC filter in alkaline buffer solution, chemical isolation of the Cr super(VI) ion, complexation of the Cr super(VI) ion with 1,5-diphenylcarbazide, and spectrometric measurement of the violet chromium-diphenylcarbazone complex at 540 nm. However, there are notable specific differences within the sample preparation procedures used in three methods. To assess the comparability of the three measurement protocols, a total of 20 side-by-side air samples were collected, equally divided between a chromic acid electroplating operation and a spray paint operation where water soluble forms of Cr super(VI) were used. A range of Cr super(VI) concentrations from 0.6 to 960 mu g m super(-3), with Cr super(VI) mass loadings ranging from 0.4 to 32 mu g, was measured at the two operations. The equivalence of the means of the log-transformed Cr super(VI) concentrations obtained from the different analytical methods was compared. Based on analysis of variance (ANOVA) results, no statistically significant differences were observed between mean values measured using each of the three methods. Small but statistically significant differences were observed between results obtained from performance evaluation samples for the NIOSH field method and the OSHA laboratory method. JF - Journal of Environmental Monitoring AU - Boiano, J M AU - Wallace, ME AU - Sieber, W K AU - Groff, J H AU - Wang, Jin AU - Ashley, K AD - US Department of Health and Human Services, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, Cincinnati, OH 45226, USA, KAshley@cdc.gov Y1 - 2000/08// PY - 2000 DA - Aug 2000 SP - 329 EP - 333 VL - 2 IS - 4 SN - 1464-0325, 1464-0325 KW - chromates KW - Pollution Abstracts KW - Aerosols KW - Chromium KW - Filters KW - Air sampling KW - Metal finishing industry KW - Sampling methods KW - Coatings KW - P 0000:AIR POLLUTION KW - P 1000:MARINE POLLUTION UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/17762554?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Apollution&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Environmental+Monitoring&rft.atitle=Comparison+of+three+sampling+and+analytical+methods+for+the+determination+of+airborne+hexavalent+chromium&rft.au=Boiano%2C+J+M%3BWallace%2C+ME%3BSieber%2C+W+K%3BGroff%2C+J+H%3BWang%2C+Jin%3BAshley%2C+K&rft.aulast=Boiano&rft.aufirst=J&rft.date=2000-08-01&rft.volume=2&rft.issue=4&rft.spage=329&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+Environmental+Monitoring&rft.issn=14640325&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Air sampling; Chromium; Coatings; Sampling methods; Filters; Aerosols; Metal finishing industry ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Borrelia isolates in Northern Colorado identified as Borrelia bissettii AN - 17625846; 4764189 AB - Previous work described Borrelia burgdorferi sensu lato group DN127 as a new genospecies, Borrelia bissettii, and prompted the present study to identify the Borrelia spp. that exist in northern Colorado. To determine the genospecies present, we analyzed two specific intergenic spacer regions located between the 5S and 23S and the 16S and 23S ribosomal genes. Phylogenetic analysis of the derived sequences clearly demonstrated that these isolates, originating from rodents captured in the foothills of northern Colorado, diverged from B. burgdorferi sensu stricto by 5 to 5.5% and were members of the new genospecies B. bissettii. JF - Journal of Clinical Microbiology AU - Schneider, B S AU - Zeidner, N S AU - Burkot, ThR AU - Maupin, GO AU - Piesman, J AD - Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Division of Vector-Borne Infectious Diseases, Lyme Disease Vector Section, P.O. Box 2087, Rampart Rd., Foothills Campus, Fort Collins, CO 80522, USA, bqs0@cdc.gov Y1 - 2000/08// PY - 2000 DA - Aug 2000 SP - 3103 EP - 3105 VL - 38 IS - 8 SN - 0095-1137, 0095-1137 KW - USA, Colorado KW - rRNA 16S KW - rRNA 23S KW - rRNA 5S KW - Microbiology Abstracts B: Bacteriology KW - Phylogeny KW - Spacer region KW - Genotyping KW - Polymerase chain reaction KW - Taxonomy KW - Primers KW - Borrelia bissettii KW - J 02710:Identification, taxonomy and typing UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/17625846?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologyb&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Clinical+Microbiology&rft.atitle=Borrelia+isolates+in+Northern+Colorado+identified+as+Borrelia+bissettii&rft.au=Schneider%2C+B+S%3BZeidner%2C+N+S%3BBurkot%2C+ThR%3BMaupin%2C+GO%3BPiesman%2C+J&rft.aulast=Schneider&rft.aufirst=B&rft.date=2000-08-01&rft.volume=38&rft.issue=8&rft.spage=3103&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+Clinical+Microbiology&rft.issn=00951137&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Borrelia bissettii; Spacer region; Primers; Polymerase chain reaction; Genotyping; Phylogeny; Taxonomy ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Silicosis and Coal Workers' Pneumoconiosis AN - 17616398; 4761196 AB - Exposure to coal mine dust and/or crystalline silica results in pneumoconiosis with initiation and progression of pulmonary fibrosis. This review presents characteristics of simple and complicated coal workers' pneumoconiosis (CWP) as well as pathologic indices of acute and chronic silicosis by summarizing results of in vitro, animal, and human investigations. These results support four basic mechanisms in the etiology of CWP and silicosis: a) direct cytotoxicity of coal dust or silica, resulting in lung cell damage, release of lipases and proteases, and eventual lung scarring; b) activation of oxidant production by pulmonary phagocytes, which overwhelms the antioxidant defenses and leads to lipid peroxidation, protein nitrosation, cell injury, and lung scarring; c) activation of mediator release from alveolar macrophages and epithelial cells, which leads to recruitment of polymorphonuclear leukocytes and macrophages, resulting in the production of proinflammatory cytokines and reactive species and in further lung injury and scarring; d) secretion of growth factors from alveolar macrophages and epithelial cells, stimulating fibroblast proliferation and eventual scarring. Results of in vitro and animal studies provide a basis for proposing these mechanisms for the initiation and progression of pneumoconiosis. Data obtained from exposed workers lend support to these mechanisms. JF - Environmental Health Perspectives AU - Castranova, V AU - Vallyathan, V AD - PPRB/HELD/NIOSH, 1095 Willowdale Rd., MS2015, Morgantown, WV 26505, USA, vic1@cdc.gov Y1 - 2000/08// PY - 2000 DA - Aug 2000 SP - 675 EP - 684 PB - NIH, Government Printing Office VL - 108 SN - 0091-6765, 0091-6765 KW - man KW - coal KW - Pollution Abstracts; Health & Safety Science Abstracts; Toxicology Abstracts KW - Pneumoconiosis KW - Coal KW - Dust KW - Silicosis KW - Occupational exposure KW - Mines KW - Lipid peroxidation KW - Reviews KW - Mining KW - H 1000:Occupational Safety and Health KW - P 6000:TOXICOLOGY AND HEALTH KW - X 24152:Chronic exposure UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/17616398?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxicologyabstracts&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Environmental+Health+Perspectives&rft.atitle=Silicosis+and+Coal+Workers%27+Pneumoconiosis&rft.au=Castranova%2C+V%3BVallyathan%2C+V&rft.aulast=Castranova&rft.aufirst=V&rft.date=2000-08-01&rft.volume=108&rft.issue=&rft.spage=675&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Environmental+Health+Perspectives&rft.issn=00916765&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - SuppNotes - Supplement; Occupational and Environmental Lung Diseases. N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Pneumoconiosis; Coal; Mining; Occupational exposure; Dust; Reviews; Silicosis; Mines; Lipid peroxidation ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Using Water-Distribution System Modeling to Assist Epidemiologic Investigations AN - 17602983; 4737212 AB - An epidemiologic study of childhood leukemia and central nervous system cancers that occurred in the period 1979 through 1996 in Dover Township, N.J., is being conducted. Because groundwater contamination has been documented historically in public- and private-supply wells, there is the possibility of exposure through this pathway. The Dover Township area has been primarily served by a public water supply that relies solely on groundwater; therefore, a protocol has been developed for using a water-distribution model such as EPANET as a tool to assist the exposure assessment component of epidemiologic investigation. The model is being used to investigate the question of human exposure to groundwater contaminants. Because of the unavailability of historical data, the model was calibrated to the present-day (1998) water-distribution system characteristics. Pressure data were gathered simultaneously at 25 hydrants throughout the distribution system using continuous recording pressure data loggers during 48 h tests in March and August 1998. Data for storage tank water levels, system demand, and pump and well status (on/off) were also obtained. Field data gathering procedures, calibration results, and water-quality simulation using a naturally occurring element (barium), as well as an analysis indicating the percent of water originating from points of entry to the water-distribution system for 1998 conditions, are presented. JF - Journal of Water Resources Planning and Management AU - Maslia, M L AU - Sautner, J B AU - Aral, M M AU - Reyes, J J AU - Abraham, JE AU - Williams, R C AD - Div. of Health Assessment and Consultation, Agency for Toxic Substances and Disease Registry (ATSDR), 1600 Clifton Rd., Mail Stop E-32, Atlanta, GA 30333, USA, mfm4@cdc.gov Y1 - 2000/08// PY - 2000 DA - Aug 2000 SP - 180 EP - 198 VL - 126 IS - 4 SN - 0733-9496, 0733-9496 KW - USA, New Jersey, Dover Township KW - Pollution Abstracts; Health & Safety Science Abstracts; Risk Abstracts; Aqualine Abstracts; Water Resources Abstracts KW - Water Conveyance KW - Water Supply KW - Environmental health KW - Water supplies KW - Diseases KW - Water Quality KW - Model Studies KW - Pollution (Groundwater) KW - Epidemiology KW - Groundwater pollution KW - Pollution effects KW - Groundwater Pollution KW - Leukemia KW - Public Health KW - Water distribution KW - Water transport KW - Children KW - Cancer KW - Water wells KW - Public-health KW - Diseases (see also Individual groups) KW - Water Distribution KW - Water quality (Natural waters) KW - SW 5010:Network design KW - AQ 00005:Underground Services and Water Use KW - R2 23060:Medical and environmental health KW - H 12000:Epidemiology and Public Health KW - P 6000:TOXICOLOGY AND HEALTH UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/17602983?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aaqualine&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Water+Resources+Planning+and+Management&rft.atitle=Using+Water-Distribution+System+Modeling+to+Assist+Epidemiologic+Investigations&rft.au=Maslia%2C+M+L%3BSautner%2C+J+B%3BAral%2C+M+M%3BReyes%2C+J+J%3BAbraham%2C+JE%3BWilliams%2C+R+C&rft.aulast=Maslia&rft.aufirst=M&rft.date=2000-08-01&rft.volume=126&rft.issue=4&rft.spage=180&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+Water+Resources+Planning+and+Management&rft.issn=07339496&rft_id=info:doi/10.1061%2F%28ASCE%290733-9496%282000%29126%3A4%28180%29 LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Epidemiology; Model Studies; Water Distribution; Groundwater Pollution; Water Conveyance; Water Supply; Public Health; Diseases; Water Quality; USA, New Jersey, Dover Township; Water distribution; Pollution (Groundwater); Water transport; Water supplies; Public-health; Diseases (see also Individual groups); Water quality (Natural waters); Environmental health; Leukemia; Cancer; Children; Groundwater pollution; Pollution effects; Water wells DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1061/(ASCE)0733-9496(2000)126:4(180) ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Differentiation of pathogenic Bartonella species by infrequent restriction site PCR AN - 17586095; 4764169 AB - Infrequent restriction site PCR (IRS-PCR) is a recently described DNA fingerprinting technique based on selective amplification of restriction endonuclease-cleaved fragments. Bartonella isolates associated with human disease and related nonhuman isolates were analyzed by IRS-PCR genomic fingerprinting. Preparation of DNA templates began with double digestion using three different restriction endonuclease combinations. Combinations included the frequently cutting endonuclease HhaI in conjunction with an infrequently cutting endonuclease, EagI, SmaI, or XbaI. Digestion was followed by ligation of oligonucleotide adapters designed with ends complementary to the restriction endonuclease sites. Amplification of fragments flanked with an EagI, SmaI, or XbaI site in combination with an HhaI site produced a series of different-sized amplicons resolvable into patterns by polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (PAGE). The pattern complexity was varied by the addition of selective nucleotides to the 3' ends of the EagI-, SmaI-, or XbaI-specific primers. Amplicons were also generated with fluorescently labeled primers and were subsequently resolved and detected by capillary electrophoresis. Analysis by traditional slab PAGE and capillary electrophoresis provided suitable resolution of patterns produced with the enzyme combinations EagI-HhaI and SmaI-HhaI. However, the combination of XbaI-HhaI produced too many fragments for sufficient resolution by traditional PAGE, thus requiring the better resolving properties of capillary electrophoresis. Due to the flexibility in modulating the pattern complexity and electrophoresis methods, these techniques allow for a high level of experimental optimization. The results provide evidence of the discriminatory power, ease of use, and flexibility of the IRS-PCR method as it applies to the identification of human-pathogenic Bartonella species. JF - Journal of Clinical Microbiology AU - Handley, SA AU - Regnery, R L AD - Center for Disease Control and Prevention, 1600 Clifton Rd., Mail Stop G-13, Atlanta, GA 30333, USA, rur1@cdc.gov Y1 - 2000/08// PY - 2000 DA - Aug 2000 SP - 3010 EP - 3015 VL - 38 IS - 8 SN - 0095-1137, 0095-1137 KW - Microbiology Abstracts B: Bacteriology KW - Fingerprinting KW - Electrophoresis KW - Genotyping KW - Bartonella KW - DNA KW - Polymerase chain reaction KW - J 02704:Enumeration UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/17586095?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologyb&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Clinical+Microbiology&rft.atitle=Differentiation+of+pathogenic+Bartonella+species+by+infrequent+restriction+site+PCR&rft.au=Handley%2C+SA%3BRegnery%2C+R+L&rft.aulast=Handley&rft.aufirst=SA&rft.date=2000-08-01&rft.volume=38&rft.issue=8&rft.spage=3010&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+Clinical+Microbiology&rft.issn=00951137&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Bartonella; DNA; Fingerprinting; Polymerase chain reaction; Electrophoresis; Genotyping ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Use of the neisserial lipoprotein (Lip) for subtyping Neisseria gonorrhoeae AN - 17585934; 4764150 AB - The pathogenic Neisseria species N. meningitidis and N. gonorrhoeae possess an outer membrane lipoprotein, designated Lip, which is present in all strains tested. The predicted protein sequence of Lip consists of a consensus AAEAP amino acid repeat. The objective of this study was to determine the feasibility of using the Lip repeat number and sequence for subtyping of Neisseria gonorrhoeae. The lip genes of each isolate were amplified by PCR and sequenced to determine the repeat number and sequence. Among the 46 strains we examined, eight different Lip repeat numbers were identified, with lengths of 11 (1 strain), 12 (14 strains), 13 (2 strains), 14 (10 strains), 15 (5 strains), 16 (10 strains), 17 (3 strains), and 20 (1 strain) repeats. Analysis indicated differences in the sequences within the repeats that resulted in amino acid alterations in repeat classes that contained multiple strains. Among the 46 isolates examined, we were able to identify 17 unique Lip subtyping patterns. JF - Journal of Clinical Microbiology AU - Trees, D L AU - Schultz, A J AU - Knapp, J S AD - Bacterial STD Branch, Mailstop G-39, DASTLR, NCID, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA 30333, USA, dlt1@cdc.gov Y1 - 2000/08// PY - 2000 DA - Aug 2000 SP - 2914 EP - 2916 VL - 38 IS - 8 SN - 0095-1137, 0095-1137 KW - Lip protein KW - lip gene KW - Microbiology Abstracts B: Bacteriology KW - Repeated sequence KW - Genotyping KW - Lipoproteins KW - Outer membranes KW - Polymerase chain reaction KW - Neisseria gonorrhoeae KW - J 02710:Identification, taxonomy and typing UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/17585934?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologyb&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Clinical+Microbiology&rft.atitle=Use+of+the+neisserial+lipoprotein+%28Lip%29+for+subtyping+Neisseria+gonorrhoeae&rft.au=Trees%2C+D+L%3BSchultz%2C+A+J%3BKnapp%2C+J+S&rft.aulast=Trees&rft.aufirst=D&rft.date=2000-08-01&rft.volume=38&rft.issue=8&rft.spage=2914&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+Clinical+Microbiology&rft.issn=00951137&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Neisseria gonorrhoeae; Outer membranes; Lipoproteins; Repeated sequence; Polymerase chain reaction; Genotyping ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Comparison of BACTEC MYCO/F LYTIC and WAMPOLE ISOLATOR 10 (lysis-centrifugation) systems for detection of bacteremia, mycobacteremia, and fungemia in a developing country AN - 17585511; 4764166 AB - In less-developed countries, studies of bloodstream infections (BSI) have been hindered because of the difficulty and costs of culturing blood for bacteria, mycobacteria, and fungi. During two study periods (study period I [1997] and study period II [1998]), we cultured blood from patients in Malawi by using the BACTEC MYCO/F LYTIC (MFL), ISOLATOR 10 (Isolator), Septi-Chek AFB (SC-AFB), and Septi-Chek bacterial (SC-B) systems. During study period I, blood was inoculated at 5 ml into an MFL bottle, 10 ml into an Isolator tube for lysis and centrifugation, and 10 ml into an SC-B bottle. Next, 0.5-ml aliquots of Isolator concentrate were inoculated into an SC-AFB bottle and onto Middlebrook 7H11 agar slants, chocolate agar slants, and Inhibitory Mold Agar (IMA) slants. During study period II, the SC-B and chocolate agar cultures were discontinued. MFL growth was detected by fluorescence caused by shining UV light ( lambda = 365 nm) onto the indicator on the bottom of the bottle. During study period I, 251 blood cultures yielded 44 bacterial isolates. For bacteremia, the MFL was similar to the Isolator concentrate on chocolate agar (34 of 44 versus 27 of 44; P, not significant [NS]), but more sensitive than the SC-B bottle (34 of 44 versus 24 of 44; P = 0.05). For both study periods combined, 486 blood cultures yielded 37 mycobacterial and 13 fungal isolates. For mycobacteremia, the sensitivities of the MFL and Isolator concentrate in the SC-AFB bottle were similar (30 of 37 versus 29 of 37; P, NS); the MFL bottle was more sensitive than the concentrate on Middlebrook agar (30 of 37 versus 15 of 37; P = 0.002). For fungemia, the MFL bottle was as sensitive as the SC-B bottle or Isolator concentrate on chocolate agar or IMA slants. We conclude that the MFL bottle, inoculated with just 5 ml of blood and examined under UV light, provides a sensitive and uncomplicated method for comprehensive detection of BSI in less-developed countries. JF - Journal of Clinical Microbiology AU - Archibald, L K AU - McDonald, L C AU - Addison, R M AU - McKnight, C AU - Byrne, T AU - Dobbie, H AU - Nwanyanwu, O AU - Kazembe, P AU - Reller, L B AU - Jarvis, W R AD - Hospital Infections Program, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Mailstop E-69, 1600 Clifton Rd., Atlanta, GA 30333, USA, LCA6@CDC.GOV Y1 - 2000/08// PY - 2000 DA - Aug 2000 SP - 2994 EP - 2997 VL - 38 IS - 8 SN - 0095-1137, 0095-1137 KW - lysis-centrifugation systems KW - BACTEC MYCO/F lytic system KW - WAMPOLE ISOLATOR 10 KW - Microbiology Abstracts C: Algology, Mycology & Protozoology; Microbiology Abstracts B: Bacteriology; Microbiology Abstracts A: Industrial & Applied Microbiology KW - Blood culture KW - Mycobacteriosis KW - Bacteremia KW - Centrifugation KW - Lysis KW - Centrifuges KW - Fungemia KW - Media (culture) KW - K 03069:Fungi KW - A 01113:General KW - J 02701:Apparatus UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/17585511?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologyb&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Clinical+Microbiology&rft.atitle=Comparison+of+BACTEC+MYCO%2FF+LYTIC+and+WAMPOLE+ISOLATOR+10+%28lysis-centrifugation%29+systems+for+detection+of+bacteremia%2C+mycobacteremia%2C+and+fungemia+in+a+developing+country&rft.au=Archibald%2C+L+K%3BMcDonald%2C+L+C%3BAddison%2C+R+M%3BMcKnight%2C+C%3BByrne%2C+T%3BDobbie%2C+H%3BNwanyanwu%2C+O%3BKazembe%2C+P%3BReller%2C+L+B%3BJarvis%2C+W+R&rft.aulast=Archibald&rft.aufirst=L&rft.date=2000-08-01&rft.volume=38&rft.issue=8&rft.spage=2994&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+Clinical+Microbiology&rft.issn=00951137&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Blood culture; Media (culture); Centrifuges; Lysis; Fungemia; Centrifugation; Bacteremia; Mycobacteriosis ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Sequence analysis of the ank gene of granulocytic ehrlichiae AN - 17585399; 4764151 AB - The ank gene of the agent of human granulocytic ehrlichiosis (HGE) codes for a protein with a predicted molecular size of 131.2 kDa that is recognized by serum from both dogs and humans infected with granulocytic ehrlichiae. As part of an effort to assess the phylogenetic relatedness of granulocytic ehrlichiae from different geographic regions and in different host species, the ank gene was PCR amplified and sequenced from a variety of sources. These included 10 blood specimens from patients with confirmed human granulocytic ehrlichiosis (three from New York, four from Wisconsin, two from Slovenia, and one from Sweden). Also examined was a canine granulocytic ehrlichia sample obtained from Minnesota, Ehrlichia equi from California, Ehrlichia phagocytophila from Sweden, and the granulocytic ehrlichia isolate USG3. The sequences showed a high level of homology (>95.5% identity), with the lowest homology occurring between a New York HGE agent and the Swedish E. phagocytophila. Several 3-bp deletions and a variable number of 51- and 81-bp direct repeats were noted. Although the North American HGE sequences showed the highest conservation (>98.1% identity), phylogenetic analyses indicated that these samples represent two separate clades, one including the three New York HGE samples and the USG3 strain and another with the Wisconsin HGE and Minnesota canine sequences. Two of the New York samples and the USG3 strain showed 100% identity over the entire 3,696-bp product. Likewise, three of the Wisconsin human samples and the Minnesota dog sample were identical (3,693 bp). Whereas phylogenetic analysis showed that the E. equi sequence was most closely related to the Upper Midwest samples, analysis of the repeat structures showed it to be more similar to the European samples. Overall, the genetic analysis based on the ank gene showed that the granulocytic ehrlichiae are closely related, appear to infect multiple species, and can be grouped into at least three different clades, two North American and one European. JF - Journal of Clinical Microbiology AU - Massung, R F AU - Owens, J H AU - Ross, D AU - Reed, K D AU - Petrovec, M AU - Bjoersdorff, A AU - Coughlin, R T AU - Beltz, G A AU - Murphy, ChI AD - Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, 1600 Clifton Rd., MS G-13, Atlanta, GA 30333, USA, rfm2@cdc.gov Y1 - 2000/08// PY - 2000 DA - Aug 2000 SP - 2917 EP - 2922 VL - 38 IS - 8 SN - 0095-1137, 0095-1137 KW - Slovenia KW - Sweden KW - USA KW - ank gene KW - Microbiology Abstracts B: Bacteriology KW - Phylogeny KW - Ehrlichia equi KW - Ehrlichia phagocytophila KW - Genotyping KW - Polymerase chain reaction KW - Ehrlichiosis KW - Geographical variations KW - J 02710:Identification, taxonomy and typing UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/17585399?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologyb&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Clinical+Microbiology&rft.atitle=Sequence+analysis+of+the+ank+gene+of+granulocytic+ehrlichiae&rft.au=Massung%2C+R+F%3BOwens%2C+J+H%3BRoss%2C+D%3BReed%2C+K+D%3BPetrovec%2C+M%3BBjoersdorff%2C+A%3BCoughlin%2C+R+T%3BBeltz%2C+G+A%3BMurphy%2C+ChI&rft.aulast=Massung&rft.aufirst=R&rft.date=2000-08-01&rft.volume=38&rft.issue=8&rft.spage=2917&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+Clinical+Microbiology&rft.issn=00951137&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Ehrlichia equi; Ehrlichia phagocytophila; Ehrlichiosis; Polymerase chain reaction; Genotyping; Geographical variations; Phylogeny ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Quantitation of Candida albicans Ergosterol Content Improves the Correlation between In Vitro Antifungal Susceptibility Test Results and In Vivo Outcome after Fluconazole Treatment in a Murine Model of Invasive Candidiasis AN - 17558248; 4745233 AB - MIC end point determination for the most commonly prescribed azole antifungal drug, fluconazole, can be complicated by "trailing" growth of the organism during susceptibility testing by the National Committee for Clinical Laboratory Standards approved M27-A broth macrodilution method and its modified broth microdilution format. To address this problem, we previously developed the sterol quantitation method (SQM) for in vitro determination of fluconazole susceptibility, which measures cellular ergosterol content rather than growth inhibition after exposure to fluconazole. To determine if SQM MICs of fluconazole correlated better with in vivo outcome than M27-A MICs, we used a murine model of invasive candidiasis and analyzed the capacity of fluconazole to treat infections caused by C. albicans isolates which were trailers (M27-A MICs at 24 and 48 h, less than or equal to 1.0 and greater than or equal to 64 mu g/ml, respectively; SQM MIC, less than or equal to 1.0 mu g/ml), as well as those which were fluconazole sensitive (M27-A and SQM MIC, less than or equal to 1.0 mu g/ml) and fluconazole resistant (M27-A MIC, greater than or equal to 64 mu g/ml; SQM MIC, 54 mu g/ml). Compared with the untreated controls, fluconazole therapy increased the survival of mice infected with a sensitive isolate and both trailing isolates but did not increase the survival of mice infected with a resistant isolate. These results indicate that the SQM is more predictive of in vivo outcome than the M27-A method for isolates that give unclear MIC end points due to trailing growth in fluconazole. JF - Antimicrobial Agents & Chemotherapy AU - Arthington-Skaggs, BA AU - Warnock, D W AU - Morrison, C J AD - Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, 1600 Clifton Rd., NE, Mailstop G-11, Atlanta, GA 30333, USA, cjm3@cdc.gov Y1 - 2000/08// PY - 2000 DA - Aug 2000 SP - 2081 EP - 2085 VL - 44 IS - 8 SN - 0066-4804, 0066-4804 KW - mice KW - in vitro KW - in vivo KW - ergosterol KW - fluconazole KW - Microbiology Abstracts A: Industrial & Applied Microbiology; Microbiology Abstracts C: Algology, Mycology & Protozoology KW - Antifungal agents KW - Candidiasis KW - Drug sensitivity testing KW - Candida albicans KW - K 03087:Fungi: human KW - A 01067:Antifungal & fungicidal KW - K 03063:Effects of physical & chemical factors UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/17558248?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologya&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Antimicrobial+Agents+%26+Chemotherapy&rft.atitle=Quantitation+of+Candida+albicans+Ergosterol+Content+Improves+the+Correlation+between+In+Vitro+Antifungal+Susceptibility+Test+Results+and+In+Vivo+Outcome+after+Fluconazole+Treatment+in+a+Murine+Model+of+Invasive+Candidiasis&rft.au=Arthington-Skaggs%2C+BA%3BWarnock%2C+D+W%3BMorrison%2C+C+J&rft.aulast=Arthington-Skaggs&rft.aufirst=BA&rft.date=2000-08-01&rft.volume=44&rft.issue=8&rft.spage=2081&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Antimicrobial+Agents+%26+Chemotherapy&rft.issn=00664804&rft_id=info:doi/10.1128%2FAAC.44.8.2081-2085.2000 LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Candida albicans; Drug sensitivity testing; Antifungal agents; fluconazole; Candidiasis DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/AAC.44.8.2081-2085.2000 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Chlamydia trachomatis Infection of Epithelial Cells Induces the Activation of Caspase-1 and Release of Mature IL-18 AN - 17553808; 4746215 AB - Th1 cells that secrete IFN- gamma are particularly important in protective immunity against intracellular pathogens, including chlamydiae, and IL-18 together with IL-12 are strong inducers of IFN- gamma secretion by CD4 T cells. Because epithelial cells are known to synthesize IL-18, we investigated the effects of Chlamydia trachomatis infection of human epithelial cell lines on IL-18 secretion. We confirmed that several human epithelial cell lines constitutively express pro-IL-18 and that C. trachomatis infection causes cells to secrete mature IL-18. This was observed for several different serovars and biovars of C. trachomatis. Chlamydia-induced secretion of IL-18 from epithelial cells was regulated at the posttranscriptional level and was dependent on the activation of caspase-1. IL-1 alpha or other secreted factor(s) from chlamydia-infected epithelial cells as well as chlamydial structural component(s) were not involved in inducing IL-18 secretion. Activation of caspase-1 and increased secretion of mature IL-18 was correlated with chlamydial, but not with host protein synthesis. In contrast to epithelial cell lines, fibroblast cell lines constitutively expressed much lower levels of pro-IL-18 and did not secrete mature IL-18 after chlamydial infection even though caspase-1 was activated. Taken together, the results suggest that a chlamydia-derived factor(s) is essential for the secretion of mature IL-18 through caspase-1 activation in infected epithelial cells. JF - Journal of Immunology AU - Lu, H AU - Shen, C AU - Brunham, R C AD - University of British Columbia and British Columbia Center for Disease Control, 2077-655 West 12th Avenue, Vancouver, British Columbia V5Z 4R4, Canada, robert.brunham@bccdc.hnet.bc.ca Y1 - 2000/08/01/ PY - 2000 DA - 2000 Aug 01 SP - 1463 EP - 1469 VL - 165 IS - 3 SN - 0022-1767, 0022-1767 KW - immunology KW - Chlamydia trachomatis KW - gamma -Interferon KW - caspase-1 KW - Microbiology Abstracts B: Bacteriology; Immunology Abstracts KW - g-Interferon KW - ^g-Interferon KW - Epithelial cells KW - Interleukin 18 KW - F 06801:Bacteria KW - J 02833:Immune response and immune mechanisms UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/17553808?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologyb&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Immunology&rft.atitle=Chlamydia+trachomatis+Infection+of+Epithelial+Cells+Induces+the+Activation+of+Caspase-1+and+Release+of+Mature+IL-18&rft.au=Lu%2C+H%3BShen%2C+C%3BBrunham%2C+R+C&rft.aulast=Lu&rft.aufirst=H&rft.date=2000-08-01&rft.volume=165&rft.issue=3&rft.spage=1463&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+Immunology&rft.issn=00221767&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Chlamydia trachomatis; Interleukin 18; Epithelial cells ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Use of FDA-approved pharmacologic treatments for tobacco dependence--United States, 1984-1998. AN - 71744188; 10943254 JF - MMWR. Morbidity and mortality weekly report AU - Burton, S L AU - Gitchell, J G AU - Shiffman, S AU - Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) AD - SmithKline Beecham Consumer Healthcare, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA. ; Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) Y1 - 2000/07/28/ PY - 2000 DA - 2000 Jul 28 SP - 665 EP - 668 VL - 49 IS - 29 SN - 0149-2195, 0149-2195 KW - Nicotinic Agonists KW - 0 KW - Nonprescription Drugs KW - Nicotine KW - 6M3C89ZY6R KW - Index Medicus KW - United States Food and Drug Administration KW - Humans KW - Drug Approval KW - United States -- epidemiology KW - Drug Utilization KW - Nicotine -- therapeutic use KW - Nicotinic Agonists -- therapeutic use KW - Tobacco Use Disorder -- drug therapy KW - Smoking Cessation -- methods KW - Nicotine -- analogs & derivatives UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/71744188?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=MMWR.+Morbidity+and+mortality+weekly+report&rft.atitle=Use+of+FDA-approved+pharmacologic+treatments+for+tobacco+dependence--United+States%2C+1984-1998.&rft.au=Burton%2C+S+L%3BGitchell%2C+J+G%3BShiffman%2C+S%3BCenters+for+Disease+Control+and+Prevention+%28CDC%29&rft.aulast=Burton&rft.aufirst=S&rft.date=2000-07-28&rft.volume=49&rft.issue=29&rft.spage=665&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=MMWR.+Morbidity+and+mortality+weekly+report&rft.issn=01492195&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 2000-08-22 N1 - Date created - 2000-08-22 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Hepatitis C virus infection among firefighters, emergency medical technicians, and paramedics--selected locations, United States, 1991-2000. AN - 71743523; 10943253 JF - MMWR. Morbidity and mortality weekly report AU - Roome, A J AU - Hadler, J L AU - Thomas, A L AU - Migicovsky, B AU - Roth, R AU - Boraz, M AU - Kuszajewksi, B AU - Berkowitz, D AU - Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) AD - Dept of Emergency Medicine, Univ of Pittsburgh, USA. ; Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) Y1 - 2000/07/28/ PY - 2000 DA - 2000 Jul 28 SP - 660 EP - 665 VL - 49 IS - 29 SN - 0149-2195, 0149-2195 KW - Index Medicus KW - Occupational Exposure KW - Humans KW - Emergency Medical Technicians KW - Florida -- epidemiology KW - Georgia -- epidemiology KW - Adult KW - Connecticut -- epidemiology KW - Middle Aged KW - Pennsylvania -- epidemiology KW - Urban Population KW - United States -- epidemiology KW - Female KW - Male KW - Hepatitis C -- epidemiology KW - Allied Health Personnel -- statistics & numerical data UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/71743523?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=MMWR.+Morbidity+and+mortality+weekly+report&rft.atitle=Hepatitis+C+virus+infection+among+firefighters%2C+emergency+medical+technicians%2C+and+paramedics--selected+locations%2C+United+States%2C+1991-2000.&rft.au=Roome%2C+A+J%3BHadler%2C+J+L%3BThomas%2C+A+L%3BMigicovsky%2C+B%3BRoth%2C+R%3BBoraz%2C+M%3BKuszajewksi%2C+B%3BBerkowitz%2C+D%3BCenters+for+Disease+Control+and+Prevention+%28CDC%29&rft.aulast=Roome&rft.aufirst=A&rft.date=2000-07-28&rft.volume=49&rft.issue=29&rft.spage=660&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=MMWR.+Morbidity+and+mortality+weekly+report&rft.issn=01492195&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 2000-08-22 N1 - Date created - 2000-08-22 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - CONF T1 - Role of inflammation in chemical-induced hepatotoxicity AN - 17900955; 5166547 AB - The liver, which is the major organ responsible for the metabolism of drugs and toxic chemicals, is also the primary target organ for many toxic chemicals. Increasing evidence has indicated that inflammatory processes are intimately involved in chemical-induced hepatotoxic processes, and like other inflammatory diseases, such as autoimmunity, are responsible for producing mediators that can effect liver damage or repair. This review will summarize our current understanding of how inflammatory processes influence hepatic pathology and repair following exposure to established hepatotoxic chemicals including carbon tetrachloride, an industrial chemical, and acetaminophen, a widely used analgesic. JF - Toxicology Letters AU - Luster, MI AU - Simeonova, P P AU - Gallucci, R M AU - Bruccoleri, A AU - Blazka, ME AU - Yucesoy, B Y1 - 2000/07/27/ PY - 2000 DA - 2000 Jul 27 SP - 317 EP - 321 PB - Elsevier Science Ireland Ltd., Elsevier House, Brookvale Plaza East Park Shannon, Co. Clare Ireland VL - 116 IS - 1-2 KW - Toxicology Abstracts KW - Carbon tetrachloride KW - Reviews KW - Drug metabolism KW - Liver KW - Chemical pollution KW - Acetaminophen KW - Inflammation KW - X 24240:Miscellaneous UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/17900955?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxicologyabstracts&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Toxicology+Letters&rft.atitle=Role+of+inflammation+in+chemical-induced+hepatotoxicity&rft.au=Luster%2C+MI%3BSimeonova%2C+P+P%3BGallucci%2C+R+M%3BBruccoleri%2C+A%3BBlazka%2C+ME%3BYucesoy%2C+B&rft.aulast=Luster&rft.aufirst=MI&rft.date=2000-07-27&rft.volume=116&rft.issue=1-2&rft.spage=317&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Toxicology+Letters&rft.issn=03784274&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - The Internet as a Newly Emerging Risk Environment for Sexually Transmitted Diseases AN - 17822562; 4859210 AB - Transmission of sexually transmitted diseases (STDs) such as human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection is associated with unprotected sex among multiple anonymous sex partners. The role of the Internet in risk of STDs is not known. To compare risk of STD transmission for persons who seek sex partners on the Internet with risk for persons not seeking sex partners on the Internet. Cross-sectional survey conducted September 1999 through April 2000. A total of 856 clients of the Denver Public Health HIV Counseling and Testing Site in Colorado. Self-report of logging on to the Internet with the intention of finding sex partners; having sex with partners who were originally contacted via the Internet; number of such partners and use of condoms with them; and time since last sexual contact with Internet partners, linked to HIV risk assessment and test records. Of the 856 clients, most were white (77.8%), men (69.2%), heterosexual (65.3%), and aged 20 to 50 years (84.1%). Of those, 135 (15.8%) had sought sex partners on the Internet, and 88 (65.2%) of these reported having sex with a partner initially met via the Internet. Of those with Internet partners, 34 (38.7%) had 4 or more such partners, with 62 (71.2%) of contacts occurring within 6 months prior to the client's HIV test. Internet sex seekers were more likely to be men (P<.001) and homosexual (P<.001) than those not seeking sex via the Internet. Internet sex seekers reported more previous STDs (P = .02); more partners (P<.001); more anal sex (P<.001); and more sexual exposure to men (P<.001), men who have sex with men (P<.001), and partners known to be HIV positive (P<.001) than those not seeking sex via the Internet. Seeking sex partners via the Internet was a relatively common practice in this sample of persons seeking HIV testing and counseling (representative of neither Denver nor the overall US population). Clients who seek sex using the Internet appear to be at greater risk for STDs than clients who do not seek sex on the Internet. JF - Journal of the American Medical Association AU - McFarlane, M AU - Bull, S S AU - Rietmeijer, CA AD - 1600 Clifton Rd, MS E-44, Atlanta, GA 30333, USA, MmcFarlane@cdc.gov Y1 - 2000/07/26/ PY - 2000 DA - 2000 Jul 26 SP - 443 EP - 446 VL - 284 IS - 4 SN - 0098-7484, 0098-7484 KW - USA, Colorado, Denver KW - HIV KW - Internet KW - sexual partners KW - sexually transmitted diseases KW - Virology & AIDS Abstracts; Risk Abstracts KW - Sexual partners KW - Risk assessment KW - Sexually-transmitted diseases KW - Human immunodeficiency virus KW - V 22005:AIDS: Epidemiological aspects KW - R2 23060:Medical and environmental health UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/17822562?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Ariskabstracts&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+the+American+Medical+Association&rft.atitle=The+Internet+as+a+Newly+Emerging+Risk+Environment+for+Sexually+Transmitted+Diseases&rft.au=McFarlane%2C+M%3BBull%2C+S+S%3BRietmeijer%2C+CA&rft.aulast=McFarlane&rft.aufirst=M&rft.date=2000-07-26&rft.volume=284&rft.issue=4&rft.spage=443&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+the+American+Medical+Association&rft.issn=00987484&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Human immunodeficiency virus; Internet; Risk assessment; Sexual partners; Sexually-transmitted diseases ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Heroin overdose deaths--Multnomah County, Oregon, 1993-1999. AN - 71251615; 10926305 AB - In the United States, heroin use is increasing and was implicated in 3805 deaths in 1993 (1). Multnomah County is Oregon's most populous county (1998 estimated population: 641,900); three fourths of county residents live in Portland. In 1999, in response to community concerns, the Multnomah County Health Department analyzed medical examiner (ME) data for 1993-1999 and interviewed heroin users to characterize heroin overdose deaths (HODDs) in the county. This report summarizes the findings of these studies, which indicate that HODDs in the county more than doubled from 1993 to 1999 (from 46 to 111), and that interviews with users helped identify possible public health interventions. JF - MMWR. Morbidity and mortality weekly report AU - Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) AD - Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) Y1 - 2000/07/21/ PY - 2000 DA - 2000 Jul 21 SP - 633 EP - 636 VL - 49 IS - 28 SN - 0149-2195, 0149-2195 KW - Index Medicus KW - Humans KW - Drug Overdose KW - Adult KW - Middle Aged KW - Oregon -- epidemiology KW - Male KW - Female KW - Heroin Dependence -- mortality UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/71251615?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=MMWR.+Morbidity+and+mortality+weekly+report&rft.atitle=Heroin+overdose+deaths--Multnomah+County%2C+Oregon%2C+1993-1999.&rft.au=Centers+for+Disease+Control+and+Prevention+%28CDC%29&rft.aulast=Centers+for+Disease+Control+and+Prevention+%28CDC%29&rft.aufirst=&rft.date=2000-07-21&rft.volume=49&rft.issue=28&rft.spage=633&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=MMWR.+Morbidity+and+mortality+weekly+report&rft.issn=01492195&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 2000-08-10 N1 - Date created - 2000-08-10 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Unintentional opiate overdose deaths--King County, Washington, 1990-1999. AN - 71243126; 10926306 AB - Heroin and other opiates are central nervous system depressants; in an opiate overdose, respiration slows, potentially resulting in hypoxia, coma, or death. In 1998, 140 deaths from unintentional opiate overdoses occurred in King County (which includes Seattle). To characterize these deaths, public health staff analyzed medical examiner data during 1990-1999. This report summarizes the results of that analysis, which indicate that the annual number of opiate overdoses increased 134% (from 47 to 110) and the county population increased 11.3% (1998 estimated population: 1.7 million). JF - MMWR. Morbidity and mortality weekly report AU - Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) AD - Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) Y1 - 2000/07/21/ PY - 2000 DA - 2000 Jul 21 SP - 636 EP - 640 VL - 49 IS - 28 SN - 0149-2195, 0149-2195 KW - Index Medicus KW - Washington -- epidemiology KW - Humans KW - Drug Overdose KW - Adult KW - Aged KW - Middle Aged KW - Adolescent KW - Male KW - Female KW - Opioid-Related Disorders -- mortality UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/71243126?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=MMWR.+Morbidity+and+mortality+weekly+report&rft.atitle=Unintentional+opiate+overdose+deaths--King+County%2C+Washington%2C+1990-1999.&rft.au=Centers+for+Disease+Control+and+Prevention+%28CDC%29&rft.aulast=Centers+for+Disease+Control+and+Prevention+%28CDC%29&rft.aufirst=&rft.date=2000-07-21&rft.volume=49&rft.issue=28&rft.spage=636&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=MMWR.+Morbidity+and+mortality+weekly+report&rft.issn=01492195&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 2000-08-10 N1 - Date created - 2000-08-10 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Tocolytic magnesium sulfate exposure and risk of cerebral palsy among children with birth weights less than 1,750 grams. AN - 71237033; 10909948 AB - The authors examined the relation between intrapartum magnesium sulfate exposure and risk of cerebral palsy in a case-control study of low birth weight children designed to control for confounding by the clinical indications for magnesium in pregnancy. Case children (n = 97) included all singleton children with cerebral palsy who were born in 1985-1989 in Atlanta, Georgia with a birth weight less than 1,750 g and whose mothers had not had a hypertension-related disease during pregnancy. Control children (n = 110) were randomly selected from the infant survivors using identical selection criteria. Data on magnesium sulfate exposure, labor and delivery, and infant characteristics were abstracted from hospital records. The authors found no association between exposure to magnesium sulfate and cerebral palsy risk (odds ratio = 0.9; 95% confidence interval: 0.3, 2.6) either in all children or in subgroups with varying likelihoods for exposure to magnesium. However, the association did vary by birth weight, with a protective effect being seen in children born weighing less than 1,500 g and an elevated risk in children with birth weights of 1,500 g or more; all confidence intervals included 1.0 except for the combined <1,500 g group. Several ongoing randomized clinical trials of magnesium and cerebral palsy may shed more definitive light on this relation. JF - American journal of epidemiology AU - Boyle, C A AU - Yeargin-Allsopp, M AU - Schendel, D E AU - Holmgreen, P AU - Oakley, G P AD - Division of Birth Defects and Development Disabilities, National Center for Environmental Health, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA 30341, USA. cab3@cdc.gov Y1 - 2000/07/15/ PY - 2000 DA - 2000 Jul 15 SP - 120 EP - 124 VL - 152 IS - 2 SN - 0002-9262, 0002-9262 KW - Tocolytic Agents KW - 0 KW - Magnesium Sulfate KW - 7487-88-9 KW - Index Medicus KW - Birth Weight KW - Risk Factors KW - Humans KW - Adult KW - Obstetric Labor, Premature -- prevention & control KW - Infant, Newborn KW - Case-Control Studies KW - Female KW - Pregnancy KW - Magnesium Sulfate -- adverse effects KW - Infant, Low Birth Weight KW - Tocolytic Agents -- adverse effects KW - Cerebral Palsy -- chemically induced UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/71237033?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=American+journal+of+epidemiology&rft.atitle=Tocolytic+magnesium+sulfate+exposure+and+risk+of+cerebral+palsy+among+children+with+birth+weights+less+than+1%2C750+grams.&rft.au=Boyle%2C+C+A%3BYeargin-Allsopp%2C+M%3BSchendel%2C+D+E%3BHolmgreen%2C+P%3BOakley%2C+G+P&rft.aulast=Boyle&rft.aufirst=C&rft.date=2000-07-15&rft.volume=152&rft.issue=2&rft.spage=120&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=American+journal+of+epidemiology&rft.issn=00029262&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 2000-08-01 N1 - Date created - 2000-08-01 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Silicosis screening in surface coal miners--Pennsylvania, 1996-1997. AN - 71253162; 10914927 AB - Silicosis is an occupational respiratory disease caused by inhaling respirable crystalline silica dust. Silicosis is irreversible, often progressive (even after exposure has ceased), and potentially fatal. Exposure to silica dust occurs in many occupations, including mining (1). During 1996-1997, surface coal miners at eight sites in Pennsylvania were screened to estimate the prevalence of silicosis, to identify risk factors for silicosis, and to refer miners with a possible diagnosis of silicosis or other conditions for medical evaluation and treatment. This report summarizes the results of the screening, which indicated that an increased prevalence of and risk for silicosis is associated with miners' age and years of drilling experience, and provides recommendations for preventing silicosis among miners. JF - MMWR. Morbidity and mortality weekly report AU - Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) AD - Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) Y1 - 2000/07/14/ PY - 2000 DA - 2000 Jul 14 SP - 612 EP - 615 VL - 49 IS - 27 SN - 0149-2195, 0149-2195 KW - Index Medicus KW - Mass Screening KW - Humans KW - Pennsylvania -- epidemiology KW - Silicosis -- prevention & control KW - Silicosis -- epidemiology KW - Coal Mining UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/71253162?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=MMWR.+Morbidity+and+mortality+weekly+report&rft.atitle=Silicosis+screening+in+surface+coal+miners--Pennsylvania%2C+1996-1997.&rft.au=Centers+for+Disease+Control+and+Prevention+%28CDC%29&rft.aulast=Centers+for+Disease+Control+and+Prevention+%28CDC%29&rft.aufirst=&rft.date=2000-07-14&rft.volume=49&rft.issue=27&rft.spage=612&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=MMWR.+Morbidity+and+mortality+weekly+report&rft.issn=01492195&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 2000-08-01 N1 - Date created - 2000-08-01 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - HIV Prevalence and Associated Risks in Young Men Who Have Sex With Men AN - 18100457; 5183615 AB - Studies conducted in the late 1980s on human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection among older men who have sex with men (MSM) suggested the epidemic had peaked; however, more recent studies in younger MSM have suggested continued high HIV incidence. To investigate the current state of the HIV epidemic among adolescent and young adult MSM in the United States by assessing the prevalence of HIV infection and associated risks in this population in metropolitan areas. The Young Men's Survey, a cross-sectional, multisite, venue-based survey conducted from 1994 through 1998. One hundred ninety-four public venues frequented by young MSM in Baltimore, Md; Dallas, Tex; Los Angeles, Calif; Miami, Fla; New York, NY; the San Francisco (Calif) Bay Area; and Seattle, Wash. A total of 3492 15- to 22-year-old MSM who consented to an interview and HIV testing. Prevalence of HIV infection and associated characteristics and risk behaviors. Prevalence of HIV infection was high (overall, 7.2%; range for the 7 areas, 2.2%-12.1%) and increased with age, from 0% among 15-year-olds to 9.7% among 22-year-olds. Multivariate- adjusted HIV infection prevalence was higher among blacks (odds ratio [OR], 6.3; 95% confidence interval [CI], 4.1-9.8), young men of mixed or other race (OR, 4.8; 95% CI, 3.0-7.6), and Hispanics (OR, 2.3; 95% CI, 1.5-3.4), compared with whites (referent) and Asian Americans and Pacific Islanders (OR, 1.1; 95% CI, 0.5-2.8). Factors most strongly associated with HIV infection were being black, mixed, or other race; having ever had anal sex with a man (OR, 5.0; 95% CI, 1.8-13.8); or having had sex with 20 or more men (OR, 3.0; 95% CI, 2.0-4.7). Only 46 (18%) of the 249 HIV-positive men knew they were infected before this testing; 37 (15%) were receiving medical care for HIV, and 19 (8%) were receiving medical drug therapy for HIV. Prevalence of unprotected anal sex during the past 6 months was high (overall, 41%; range, 33%-49%). Among these young MSM, HIV prevalence was high, underscoring the need to evaluate and intensify prevention efforts for young MSM, particularly blacks, men of mixed race or ethnicity, Hispanics, and adolescents. JF - Journal of the American Medical Association AU - Valleroy, LA AU - MacKellar, DA AU - Karon, J M AU - Rosen, D H AU - McFarland, W AU - Shehan, DA AU - Stoyanoff AU - LaLota, M AU - Celentano, D D AU - Koblin, BA AU - Thiede, H AU - Katz, M H AU - Torian, LV AU - Janssen, R S AD - Division of HIV/AIDS Prevention/NCHSTP, Mailstop E-46, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, 1600 Clifton Rd NE, Atlanta, GA 30333, USA, lav0@cdc.gov Y1 - 2000/07/12/ PY - 2000 DA - 2000 Jul 12 SP - 198 EP - 204 VL - 284 IS - 2 SN - 0098-7484, 0098-7484 KW - epidemiology KW - man KW - males KW - HIV KW - USA KW - homosexuality KW - sexual behavior KW - Risk Abstracts; Health & Safety Science Abstracts; Virology & AIDS Abstracts KW - Acquired immune deficiency syndrome KW - Age KW - Homosexuality KW - Sexual behavior KW - Races KW - Ethnic groups KW - Adolescents KW - Urban environments KW - Urban areas KW - Adolescence KW - Human immunodeficiency virus KW - H 11000:Diseases/Injuries/Trauma KW - V 22005:AIDS: Epidemiological aspects KW - R2 23060:Medical and environmental health UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/18100457?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Ariskabstracts&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+the+American+Medical+Association&rft.atitle=HIV+Prevalence+and+Associated+Risks+in+Young+Men+Who+Have+Sex+With+Men&rft.au=Valleroy%2C+LA%3BMacKellar%2C+DA%3BKaron%2C+J+M%3BRosen%2C+D+H%3BMcFarland%2C+W%3BShehan%2C+DA%3BStoyanoff%3BLaLota%2C+M%3BCelentano%2C+D+D%3BKoblin%2C+BA%3BThiede%2C+H%3BKatz%2C+M+H%3BTorian%2C+LV%3BJanssen%2C+R+S&rft.aulast=Valleroy&rft.aufirst=LA&rft.date=2000-07-12&rft.volume=284&rft.issue=2&rft.spage=198&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+the+American+Medical+Association&rft.issn=00987484&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Human immunodeficiency virus; USA; Age; Adolescents; Ethnic groups; Urban areas; Acquired immune deficiency syndrome; Homosexuality; Sexual behavior; Adolescence; Urban environments; Races ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Household exposures to drinking water disinfection by-products: whole blood trihalomethane levels. AN - 72242720; 10981726 AB - Exposure to drinking water disinfection by-products (DBPs), such as trihalomethanes (THMs), has been associated with bladder and colorectal cancer in humans. Exposure to DBPs has typically been determined by examining historical water treatment records and reconstructing study participants' water consumption histories. However, other exposure routes, such as dermal absorption and inhalation, may be important components of an individual's total exposure to drinking water DBPs. In this study, we examined individuals' exposure to THMs through drinking, showering, or bathing in tap water. Thirty-one adult volunteers showered with tap water for 10 min (n = 11), bathed for 10 min in a bathtub filled with tap water (n = 10), or drank 1 l of tap water during a 10 min time period (n = 10). Participants provided three 10 ml blood samples: one sample immediately before the exposure; one sample 10 min after the exposure ended; and one sample 30 min (for shower and tub exposure) or 1 h ( for ingestion) after the exposure ended. A sample of the water (from the tap, from the bath, or from the shower) was collected for each participant. We analyzed water samples and whole blood for THMs (bromoform, bromodichloromethane, dibromochloromethane, and chloroform) using a purge-and-trap/gas chromatography/mass spectrometry method with detection limits in the parts-per-quadrillion range. The highest levels of THMs were found in the blood samples from people who took 10 min showers, whereas the lowest levels were found in the blood samples from people who drank 1 l of water in 10 min. The results from this study indicate that household activities such as bathing and showering are important routes for human exposure to THMs. JF - Journal of exposure analysis and environmental epidemiology AU - Backer, L C AU - Ashley, D L AU - Bonin, M A AU - Cardinali, F L AU - Kieszak, S M AU - Wooten, J V AD - Division of Environmental Hazards and Health Effects, National Center for Environmental Health, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia 30341, USA. lfb9@cdc.gov PY - 2000 SP - 321 EP - 326 VL - 10 IS - 4 SN - 1053-4245, 1053-4245 KW - Disinfectants KW - 0 KW - Trihalomethanes KW - Index Medicus KW - Humans KW - Adult KW - Drinking Behavior KW - Hygiene KW - Male KW - Female KW - Disinfectants -- adverse effects KW - Environmental Exposure -- analysis KW - Water Supply KW - Trihalomethanes -- adverse effects KW - Disinfectants -- analysis KW - Trihalomethanes -- analysis UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/72242720?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+exposure+analysis+and+environmental+epidemiology&rft.atitle=Household+exposures+to+drinking+water+disinfection+by-products%3A+whole+blood+trihalomethane+levels.&rft.au=Backer%2C+L+C%3BAshley%2C+D+L%3BBonin%2C+M+A%3BCardinali%2C+F+L%3BKieszak%2C+S+M%3BWooten%2C+J+V&rft.aulast=Backer&rft.aufirst=L&rft.date=2000-07-01&rft.volume=10&rft.issue=4&rft.spage=321&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+exposure+analysis+and+environmental+epidemiology&rft.issn=10534245&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 2001-01-04 N1 - Date created - 2000-12-11 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Mercury poisoning associated with a Mexican beauty cream. AN - 71239431; 10903281 AB - To describe demographic characteristics, patterns of use, and symptoms associated with mercury poisoning among persons who used a Mexican beauty cream containing mercurous chloride and to estimate the prevalence of cream use in Texas near the Mexico border. Case series and cross-sectional survey. Border communities of Arizona, California, New Mexico, and Texas. Persons who used the cream and contacted a health department in response to announcements about the cream and households that participated in the Survey of Health and Environmental Conditions in Texas Border Counties and Colonias, 1997. Urine mercury concentrations, self-reported symptoms, and prevalence of cream use among households. Of 330 cream users who contacted their health department, 96% were women, and 95% were Hispanic. The mean urine mercury concentration was 146.7 microg/L (reference range : 0-20 microg/L). In 5% of 2,194 randomly selected Texas households near the Mexico border, at least 1 person had used "Crema de Belleza-Manning" (Laboratorios Vida Natural, S.A., Tampico, Tamaulipas, Mexico) in the previous year. Most cream users had increased urine mercury concentrations. Cream use was common in Texas near the Mexico border. Physicians should consider toxicity in patients with neurologic symptoms of unclear cause and use public health departments when investigating unusual illnesses. JF - The Western journal of medicine AU - Weldon, M M AU - Smolinski, M S AU - Maroufi, A AU - Hasty, B W AU - Gilliss, D L AU - Boulanger, L L AU - Balluz, L S AU - Dutton, R J AD - Epidemic Intelligence Service (EIS) Epidemiology Program Office, CDC Atlanta, GA, USA. mweldon@usa.net Y1 - 2000/07// PY - 2000 DA - July 2000 SP - 15 EP - 8; discussion 19 VL - 173 IS - 1 SN - 0093-0415, 0093-0415 KW - Cosmetics KW - 0 KW - Mercury Compounds KW - Mercury KW - FXS1BY2PGL KW - calomel KW - J2D46N657D KW - Abridged Index Medicus KW - Index Medicus KW - Southwestern United States -- epidemiology KW - Mercury -- urine KW - Humans KW - Retrospective Studies KW - Aged KW - Product Surveillance, Postmarketing -- statistics & numerical data KW - Mercury Compounds -- urine KW - Mexico KW - Adult KW - Incidence KW - Middle Aged KW - Adolescent KW - Female KW - Prevalence KW - Cosmetics -- poisoning KW - Mercury Poisoning -- urine KW - Cosmetics -- chemistry KW - Mercury Poisoning -- epidemiology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/71239431?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Western+journal+of+medicine&rft.atitle=Mercury+poisoning+associated+with+a+Mexican+beauty+cream.&rft.au=Weldon%2C+M+M%3BSmolinski%2C+M+S%3BMaroufi%2C+A%3BHasty%2C+B+W%3BGilliss%2C+D+L%3BBoulanger%2C+L+L%3BBalluz%2C+L+S%3BDutton%2C+R+J&rft.aulast=Weldon&rft.aufirst=M&rft.date=2000-07-01&rft.volume=173&rft.issue=1&rft.spage=15&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=The+Western+journal+of+medicine&rft.issn=00930415&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 2000-08-17 N1 - Date created - 2000-08-17 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - SuppNotes - Cited By: Dermatologica. 1991;183(4):280-2 [1667099] Med J Aust. 1990 Oct 1;153(7):409-10, 414-5 [2215312] Br Med J. 1972 Apr 15;2(5806):131-4 [4111681] Am J Clin Pathol. 1973 Jan;59(1):36-40 [4688565] J Occup Environ Med. 2000 Jan;42(1):4-7 [10652682] Br J Dermatol. 1968 Sep;80(9):623-4 [5676001] Vet Hum Toxicol. 1992 Jun;34(3):235-8 [1609495] MMWR Morb Mortal Wkly Rep. 1996 May 17;45(19):400-3 [8609883] MMWR Morb Mortal Wkly Rep. 1996 Jul 26;45(29):633-5 [8965792] Int J Epidemiol. 1997 Oct;26(5):1131-2 [9363537] Br Med J. 1974 Jun 22;2(5920):646-7 [4600911] J Pharmacol Exp Ther. 1996 Apr;277(1):239-44 [8613926] Arch Environ Health. 1969 Jul;19(1):7-14 [5785979] N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Adverse childhood experiences and sexually transmitted diseases in men and women: a retrospective study. AN - 71237603; 10878180 AB - Adverse childhood experiences (ACEs) may have long-term consequences on at-risk behaviors that lead to an increased risk of sexually transmitted diseases (STDs) during adulthood. Therefore, we examined the relationship between ACEs and subsequent STDs for both men and women. A total of 9323 (4263 men and 5060 women) adults >/=18 years of age participated in a retrospective cohort study evaluating the association between ACEs and self-reported STDs. Participants were adult members of a managed care organization who underwent routine medical evaluations and completed standardized questionnaires about 7 categories of ACEs, including emotional, physical, or sexual abuse; living with a battered mother; and living with a substance-abusing, mentally ill, or criminal household member. Logistic regression was used to model the association between the cumulative categories of ACEs (range: 0-7) and a history of STDs. We found that 59% (2986) of women and 57% (2464) of men reported 1 or more categories of adverse experiences during childhood. Among those with 0, 1, 2, 3, 4 to 5, and 6 to 7 ACEs, the proportion with STDs was 4.1%, 6.9%, 8.0%, 11.6%, 13.5%, and 20.7% for women and 7.3%, 10.9%, 12.9%, 17.1%, 17.1%, and 39.1% for men. After adjustment for age and race, all odds ratios for reporting an STD had confidence intervals that excluded 1. Among those with 1, 2, 3, 4 to 5, and 6 to 7 ACEs, the odds ratios were 1.45, 1.54, 2.22, 2. 48, and 3.40 for women and 1.46, 1.67, 2.16, 2.07, and 5.3 for men. We observed a strong graded relationship between ACEs and a self-reported history of STDs among adults. JF - Pediatrics AU - Hillis, S D AU - Anda, R F AU - Felitti, V J AU - Nordenberg, D AU - Marchbanks, P A AD - National Center for Chronic Disease Prevention and Health Promotion, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA 30341-3724, USA. seh0@cdc.gov Y1 - 2000/07// PY - 2000 DA - July 2000 SP - 1 VL - 106 IS - 1 KW - Index Medicus KW - Humans KW - Retrospective Studies KW - Child KW - Criminal Psychology KW - Prisoners KW - Child, Preschool KW - Domestic Violence KW - Mental Disorders KW - Risk Factors KW - Adult KW - Alcoholism KW - Cohort Studies KW - Surveys and Questionnaires KW - Female KW - Male KW - Sexually Transmitted Diseases -- etiology KW - Child Abuse KW - Sexually Transmitted Diseases -- epidemiology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/71237603?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Pediatrics&rft.atitle=Adverse+childhood+experiences+and+sexually+transmitted+diseases+in+men+and+women%3A+a+retrospective+study.&rft.au=Hillis%2C+S+D%3BAnda%2C+R+F%3BFelitti%2C+V+J%3BNordenberg%2C+D%3BMarchbanks%2C+P+A&rft.aulast=Hillis&rft.aufirst=S&rft.date=2000-07-01&rft.volume=106&rft.issue=1&rft.spage=E11&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Pediatrics&rft.issn=1098-4275&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 2000-07-17 N1 - Date created - 2000-07-17 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - HIV testing among the general US population and persons at increased risk: information from national surveys, 1987-1996. AN - 71237233; 10897187 AB - We used data from national surveys to measure the rate of HIV testing in the general US population and among persons at increased behavioral risk and summarized what has been learned about HIV testing from these surveys. Three nationally representative surveys were used: the National Health Interview Survey for 1987 through 1995, the 1995 National Survey of Family Growth, and the 1996 National Household Survey on Drug Abuse. These surveys asked about HIV testing experience and behavioral risks for HIV. Rates of testing were computed for all persons, including those at increased risk for HIV. From 1987 to 1995, the percentage of adults ever tested increased from 16% to 40%. The 3 surveys were consistent with one another, and all showed much higher rates of testing for persons at increased risk for HIV. Surveys have provided information on HIV testing that is not available elsewhere, including rates of testing from private sources and public programs. Efforts to measure HIV testing and its correlates should continue and should be improved to provide information essential for effective programs. JF - American journal of public health AU - Anderson, J E AU - Carey, J W AU - Taveras, S AD - Behavioral Intervention Research Branch, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta 30333, USA. jea1@cdc.gov Y1 - 2000/07// PY - 2000 DA - July 2000 SP - 1089 EP - 1095 VL - 90 IS - 7 SN - 0090-0036, 0090-0036 KW - Abridged Index Medicus KW - Index Medicus KW - AIDS/HIV KW - United States KW - Socioeconomic Factors KW - Sexual Behavior KW - Risk-Taking KW - Humans KW - Adult KW - Middle Aged KW - Data Collection KW - Male KW - Female KW - Substance Abuse, Intravenous KW - AIDS Serodiagnosis -- trends KW - HIV Infections -- prevention & control KW - AIDS Serodiagnosis -- utilization UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/71237233?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=American+journal+of+public+health&rft.atitle=HIV+testing+among+the+general+US+population+and+persons+at+increased+risk%3A+information+from+national+surveys%2C+1987-1996.&rft.au=Anderson%2C+J+E%3BCarey%2C+J+W%3BTaveras%2C+S&rft.aulast=Anderson&rft.aufirst=J&rft.date=2000-07-01&rft.volume=90&rft.issue=7&rft.spage=1089&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=American+journal+of+public+health&rft.issn=00900036&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 2000-08-03 N1 - Date created - 2000-08-03 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - SuppNotes - Cited By: AIDS Educ Prev. 1997 Jun;9(3 Suppl):2-13 [9241394] AIDS. 1996 Mar;10(3):342-3 [8882679] Fam Plann Perspect. 1998 Jan-Feb;30(1):43-6 [9494815] Am J Public Health. 1998 Jun;88(6):956-9 [9618629] Health Psychol. 1998 Sep;17(5):395-402 [9775997] Am J Public Health. 1990 May;80(5):586-9 [2327537] Public Health Rep. 1991 Mar-Apr;106(2):111-5 [1850530] Fam Plann Perspect. 1991 May-Jun;23(3):102-7 [1860475] JAMA. 1991 Nov 6;266(17):2419-29 [1920748] Science. 1992 Nov 13;258(5085):1101-6 [1439818] Fam Plann Perspect. 1993 Mar-Apr;25(2):83-6 [8491290] Arch Gen Psychiatry. 1995 Mar;52(3):219-29 [7872850] Sex Transm Dis. 1995 May-Jun;22(3):173-90 [7652662] Am J Public Health. 1995 Nov;85(11):1492-9 [7485660] Public Health Rep. 1995 Nov-Dec;110(6):749-53 [8570830] AIDS Educ Prev. 1997 Jun;9(3 Suppl):79-91 [9241400] N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Bioterrorism preparedness: planning for the future. AN - 71234764; 10977612 AB - The release of nerve gas in a Tokyo subway and attempted releases of biological agents by the Aum Shinrikyo cult have demonstrated the willingness and ability of modern-day terrorists to use unconventional weapons. Unlike explosive weapons, the use of biologic weapons may only become apparent once people become ill. The detection and response to these man-made outbreaks will occur initially at the medical and public health levels. Therefore, the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention and its partners are strengthening their response, disease detection, diagnostic, and communication capabilities to better protect the nation's citizens against biological or chemical terrorism. JF - Journal of public health management and practice : JPHMP AU - Rotz, L D AU - Koo, D AU - O'Carroll, P W AU - Kellogg, R B AU - Sage, M J AU - Lillibridge, S R AD - Bioterrorism Preparedness and Response Program, National Centers for Infectious Diseases, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), Atlanta, Georgia, USA. Y1 - 2000/07// PY - 2000 DA - July 2000 SP - 45 EP - 49 VL - 6 IS - 4 SN - 1078-4659, 1078-4659 KW - Health technology assessment KW - United States KW - Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (U.S.) KW - Humans KW - Chemical Warfare KW - Disaster Planning -- organization & administration KW - Public Health Practice KW - Biological Warfare KW - Violence UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/71234764?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+public+health+management+and+practice+%3A+JPHMP&rft.atitle=Bioterrorism+preparedness%3A+planning+for+the+future.&rft.au=Rotz%2C+L+D%3BKoo%2C+D%3BO%27Carroll%2C+P+W%3BKellogg%2C+R+B%3BSage%2C+M+J%3BLillibridge%2C+S+R&rft.aulast=Rotz&rft.aufirst=L&rft.date=2000-07-01&rft.volume=6&rft.issue=4&rft.spage=45&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+public+health+management+and+practice+%3A+JPHMP&rft.issn=10784659&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 2000-08-11 N1 - Date created - 2000-08-11 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Reduction of pulmonary toxicity of Stachybotrys chartarum spores by methanol extraction of mycotoxins. AN - 71230350; 10877773 AB - The fungus Stachybotrys chartarum has been implicated in cases of nonspecific indoor air quality complaints in adults and in cases of pulmonary hemorrhaging in infants. The effects that have been described have been attributed to mycotoxins. Previous dose-effect studies focused on exposure to a single mycotoxin in a solvent, a strategy which is unlikely to accurately characterize the effects of inhaled spores. In this study we examined the role of mycotoxins in the pulmonary effects caused by S. chartarum spores and the dose dependency of these effects. S. chartarum spores were extracted in methanol to reduce the mycotoxin content of the spores. Then either untreated (toxin-containing) or methanol-extracted S. chartarum spores were intratracheally instilled into male 10-week-old Charles River-Dawley rats. After 24 h, the lungs were lavaged, and the bronchoalveolar lavage fluid was analyzed to determine differences in lactic dehydrogenase, albumin, hemoglobin, myeloperoxidase, and leukocyte differential counts. Weight change was also monitored. Our data show that methanol extraction dramatically reduced the toxicity of S. chartarum spores. No statistically significant effects were observed in the bronchoalveolar lavage fluids of the animals that were treated with methanol-extracted spores at any dose. Conversely, dose-dependent effects of the toxin-containing spores were observed when we examined the lactic dehydrogenase, albumin, and hemoglobin concentrations, the polymorphonuclear leukocyte counts, and weight loss. Our findings show that a single, intense exposure to toxin-containing S. chartarum spores results in pulmonary inflammation and injury in a dose-dependent manner. Importantly, the effects are related to methanol-soluble toxins in the spores. JF - Applied and environmental microbiology AU - Rao, C Y AU - Brain, J D AU - Burge, H A AD - Department of Environmental Health, Harvard School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, USA. cnr3@cdc.gov Y1 - 2000/07// PY - 2000 DA - July 2000 SP - 2817 EP - 2821 VL - 66 IS - 7 SN - 0099-2240, 0099-2240 KW - Mycotoxins KW - 0 KW - Methanol KW - Y4S76JWI15 KW - Index Medicus KW - Rats KW - Spores, Fungal -- pathogenicity KW - Animals KW - Spores, Fungal -- chemistry KW - Spores, Fungal -- physiology KW - Methanol -- chemistry KW - Bronchoalveolar Lavage Fluid -- cytology KW - Male KW - Inflammation KW - Lung Diseases, Fungal -- microbiology KW - Stachybotrys -- pathogenicity KW - Lung Diseases, Fungal -- pathology KW - Stachybotrys -- metabolism KW - Mycotoxins -- chemistry KW - Lung -- pathology KW - Mycotoxins -- toxicity KW - Lung -- microbiology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/71230350?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Applied+and+environmental+microbiology&rft.atitle=Reduction+of+pulmonary+toxicity+of+Stachybotrys+chartarum+spores+by+methanol+extraction+of+mycotoxins.&rft.au=Rao%2C+C+Y%3BBrain%2C+J+D%3BBurge%2C+H+A&rft.aulast=Rao&rft.aufirst=C&rft.date=2000-07-01&rft.volume=66&rft.issue=7&rft.spage=2817&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Applied+and+environmental+microbiology&rft.issn=00992240&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 2000-09-07 N1 - Date created - 2000-09-07 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - SuppNotes - Cited By: J Assoc Off Anal Chem. 1974 May;57(3):618-20 [4833398] Pediatrics. 1999 Oct;104(4 Pt 1):964-6 [10506242] Toxicol Appl Pharmacol. 1982 Oct;66(1):9-29 [6925426] Zentralbl Veterinarmed A. 1986 Jul;33(5):373-83 [3094296] Acta Vet Hung. 1988;36(1-2):37-41 [3202049] Nat Toxins. 1992;1(1):38-47 [1344899] Clin Exp Allergy. 1994 Apr;24(4):383-5 [8039026] Environ Res. 1994 Oct;67(1):98-107 [7925197] Environ Res. 1995 May;69(2):122-31 [8608771] Int Arch Occup Environ Health. 1996;68(4):207-18 [8738349] Int J Exp Pathol. 1996 Oct;77(5):213-8 [8977373] MMWR Morb Mortal Wkly Rep. 1997 Jan 17;46(2):33-5 [9011781] Appl Environ Microbiol. 1997 Feb;63(2):387-93 [9023919] Fundam Appl Toxicol. 1997 Feb;35(2):182-8 [9038239] Mikrobiol Z. 1997 May-Jun;59(3):41-6 [9347688] J Toxicol Clin Toxicol. 1998;36(1-2):79-86 [9541050] Am J Ind Med. 1998 Aug;34(2):183-90 [9651629] Occup Environ Med. 1998 Sep;55(9):579-84 [9861178] Appl Environ Microbiol. 1982 Aug;44(2):494-5 [6889838] N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - A retrospective job exposure matrix for estimating exposure to 2,3,7, 8-tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin. AN - 71201787; 10861764 AB - A job exposure matrix was developed to estimate the 2,3, 7,8-tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin exposure of 3,538 workers who produced 2,4,5-trichlorophenol and its derivatives. Daily TCDD exposure scores that were plant, process, and period specific were estimated for each job title as the product of 1) the concentration of TCDD (microg/g); 2) a qualitative factor to account for the extent of worker contact and 3) time exposed to TCDD contamination. Daily scores were summed to compute individual cumulative TCDD exposure scores. Daily TCDD exposure scores ranged from 0.001 to 1,250. Cumulative TCDD scores ranged from 0.002 to 1,559,430. The 393 workers with records of chloracne in the TCDD exposure cohort (11%) had markedly higher cumulative scores than those with no record of chloracne (a median score of 11,546 vs. 77). The cumulative TCDD exposure scores incorporate both duration and level of exposure, and permit the relative ranking of worker exposures for the evaluation of exposure-response relationships between TCDD exposure and mortality in an updated cohort study analysis. Copyright Published 2000 Wiley-Liss, Inc. JF - American journal of industrial medicine AU - Piacitelli, L AU - Marlow, D AU - Fingerhut, M AU - Steenland, K AU - Sweeney, M H AD - National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, Cincinnati, Ohio 45266, USA.lap1@cdc.gov Y1 - 2000/07// PY - 2000 DA - July 2000 SP - 28 EP - 39 VL - 38 IS - 1 SN - 0271-3586, 0271-3586 KW - Polychlorinated Dibenzodioxins KW - 0 KW - Index Medicus KW - United States KW - Maximum Allowable Concentration KW - Humans KW - Cohort Studies KW - Retrospective Studies KW - Occupational Diseases -- epidemiology KW - Occupational Diseases -- chemically induced KW - National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (U.S.) KW - Male KW - Female KW - Risk Assessment KW - Polychlorinated Dibenzodioxins -- analysis KW - Algorithms KW - Occupational Exposure -- adverse effects KW - Occupational Exposure -- analysis UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/71201787?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=American+journal+of+industrial+medicine&rft.atitle=A+retrospective+job+exposure+matrix+for+estimating+exposure+to+2%2C3%2C7%2C+8-tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin.&rft.au=Piacitelli%2C+L%3BMarlow%2C+D%3BFingerhut%2C+M%3BSteenland%2C+K%3BSweeney%2C+M+H&rft.aulast=Piacitelli&rft.aufirst=L&rft.date=2000-07-01&rft.volume=38&rft.issue=1&rft.spage=28&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=American+journal+of+industrial+medicine&rft.issn=02713586&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 2000-09-01 N1 - Date created - 2000-09-01 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Risk and management of blood-borne infections in health care workers AN - 18013485; 4747957 AB - Exposure to blood-borne pathogens poses a serious risk to health care workers (HCWs). We review the risk and management of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV), hepatitis B virus (HBV), and hepatitis C virus (HCV) infections in HCWs and also discuss current methods for preventing exposures and recommendations for postexposure prophylaxis. In the health care setting, blood-borne pathogen transmission occurs predominantly by percutaneous or mucosal exposure of workers to the blood or body fluids of infected patients. Prospective studies of HCWs have estimated that the average risk for HIV transmission after a percutaneous exposure is approximately 0.3%, the risk of HBV transmission is 6 to 30%, and the risk of HCV transmission is approximately 1.8%. To minimize the risk of blood-borne pathogen transmission from HCWs to patients, all HCWs should adhere to standard precautions, including the appropriate use of hand washing, protective barriers, and care in the use and disposal of needles and other sharp instruments. Employers should have in place a system that includes written protocols for prompt reporting, evaluation, counseling, treatment, and follow-up of occupational exposures that may place a worker at risk of blood-borne pathogen infection. A sustained commitment to the occupational health of all HCWs will ensure maximum protection for HCWs and patients and the availability of optimal medical care for all who need it. JF - Clinical Microbiology Reviews AU - Beltrami, E M AU - Williams, I T AU - Shapiro, C N AU - Chamberland, ME AD - Hospital Infections Program, Mailstop E-68, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, 1600 Clifton Rd., Atlanta, GA 30333, USA, ebj4@cdc.gov Y1 - 2000/07// PY - 2000 DA - Jul 2000 SP - 385 EP - 407 VL - 13 IS - 3 SN - 0893-8512, 0893-8512 KW - man KW - disease transmission KW - hepatitis B KW - hepatitis C KW - vaccination KW - Virology & AIDS Abstracts; Health & Safety Science Abstracts KW - Risk assessment KW - Hepatitis B virus KW - Vaccination KW - Medical personnel KW - Disease transmission KW - Blood KW - Hepatitis C virus KW - Human immunodeficiency virus KW - Risk factors KW - Human immunodeficiency virus 1 KW - Occupational exposure KW - V 22006:AIDS: Other aspects KW - H 1000:Occupational Safety and Health UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/18013485?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Ahealthsafetyabstracts&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Clinical+Microbiology+Reviews&rft.atitle=Risk+and+management+of+blood-borne+infections+in+health+care+workers&rft.au=Beltrami%2C+E+M%3BWilliams%2C+I+T%3BShapiro%2C+C+N%3BChamberland%2C+ME&rft.aulast=Beltrami&rft.aufirst=E&rft.date=2000-07-01&rft.volume=13&rft.issue=3&rft.spage=385&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Clinical+Microbiology+Reviews&rft.issn=08938512&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Human immunodeficiency virus 1; Hepatitis B virus; Hepatitis C virus; Medical personnel; Human immunodeficiency virus; Blood; Occupational exposure; Risk assessment; Risk factors; Disease transmission; Vaccination ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Chronic dopaminergic signaling in the basal ganglia: a damage perspective on kinases and fos-related antigens AN - 17615261; 4751089 AB - Specific protein phosphorylation pathways have been shown to play a role in cellular adaptation responses underlying addiction to psychostimulants such as methamphetamine and cocaine. Transcriptional regulation through fos-related antigens constitutes one element through which these dopaminergic agonists exert their persistent actions. In addition to their addictive properties, amphetamines are known to damage dopaminergic nerve terminals. Although not widely appreciated, protein phosphorylation cascades and fos-related antigens also may play a role in the neurotoxic actions of substituted amphetamines such as methamphetamine. Here we document the involvement of the dopaminoceptive phosphoprotein, DARPP-32, the fos-related antigen, FRA-2, and the growth associated protein kinase, MAP kinase, in the neurotoxic action of known dopaminergic neurotoxicants, including methamphetamine. The addictive and neurotoxic properties of psychostimulants may share some molecular signaling mechanisms. JF - Addiction Biology AU - O'Callaghan, J P AU - Miller, D B AU - Pennypacker, K R AD - Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, NIOSH/HELD/TMBB (MS-3014), 1095 Willowdale Road, Morgantown, WV 26505-2888, USA, jdo5@cdc.gov Y1 - 2000/07// PY - 2000 DA - Jul 2000 SP - 369 EP - 376 VL - 5 IS - 3 SN - 1355-6215, 1355-6215 KW - DARPP-32 protein KW - Fra-2 protein KW - CSA Neurosciences Abstracts; Toxicology Abstracts KW - MAP kinase KW - Psychomotor stimulants KW - Fos protein KW - Dopamine KW - Neurotoxicity KW - Amphetamine KW - Basal ganglia KW - N3 11106:Neurobiology of drug abuse KW - X 24180:Social poisons & drug abuse UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/17615261?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxicologyabstracts&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Addiction+Biology&rft.atitle=Chronic+dopaminergic+signaling+in+the+basal+ganglia%3A+a+damage+perspective+on+kinases+and+fos-related+antigens&rft.au=O%27Callaghan%2C+J+P%3BMiller%2C+D+B%3BPennypacker%2C+K+R&rft.aulast=O%27Callaghan&rft.aufirst=J&rft.date=2000-07-01&rft.volume=5&rft.issue=3&rft.spage=369&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Addiction+Biology&rft.issn=13556215&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Dopamine; Fos protein; Neurotoxicity; Psychomotor stimulants; Amphetamine; Basal ganglia; MAP kinase ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Prior exposure to a behaviorally sensitizing regimen of d-methamphetamine does not alter the striatal dopaminergic damage induced by a neurotoxic regimen AN - 17613851; 4751088 AB - Repeated exposure to psychostimulant drugs such as d-methamphetamine (d-METH) and cocaine can be associated with extremely long-lived changes in dopamine systems at the behavioral, cellular and molecular level. Sensitization or an enhanced response to drug exposure is one such change. Investigations of these phenomena at the cellular and molecular levels are being conducted in the hope that this will aid in understanding how such adaptations might contribute to drug addition. Repeated exposure to certain amphetamines can also result in damage to dopaminergic pathways. Although some of the same molecular adaptations and mechanisms are suspected to occur or play a role in the neurotoxic sequelae associated with psychostimulant exposure, there has been little attempt to examine the relationship among these phenomena. Here we utilized C57BL/6J female mice to examine whether exposure to a sensitizing regimen of d-METH would impact the degree of neural injury induced by a subsequent exposure to a neurotoxic regimen of the same psychostimulant. Every other day exposure to d-METH (1.0 or 2.0 mg/kg) for 11 days produced a behavioral sensitization, as evidenced by a significant increase in the degree of locomotor activity induced by each subsequent exposure to d-METH. Following a 5-day period of no drug exposure sensitized mice were given a neurotoxic regiment of d-METH (a total of four injections of 10.0 mg/kg, one every 2 hours) and striatal tissue examined 72 hours later. All groups, whether drug-naive or sensitized previously to d-METH, showed exactly the same degree of dopaminergic striatal damage induced by a neurotoxic regimen. This was evidenced by equivalent reductions in dopamine and elevations in GFAP protein, a marker of astrocytic response to injury, GFAP. The inability of a sensitizing regimen to either exacerbate or lessen the neurotoxic actions of the same compound suggests that the molecular and cellular control of these two aspects of psychostimulant exposure may differ. JF - Addiction Biology AU - Miller, D B AU - O'Callaghan, J P AU - Johnson, E A AD - Chronic Stress and Neurotoxicology Laboratory, Toxicology and Molecular Biology Branch, CDC/NIOSH-HELD, 1095 Willowdale Road, Morgantown, WV 26505, USA, dum6@cdc.gov Y1 - 2000/07// PY - 2000 DA - Jul 2000 SP - 361 EP - 367 VL - 5 IS - 3 SN - 1355-6215, 1355-6215 KW - mice KW - CSA Neurosciences Abstracts; Toxicology Abstracts KW - Methamphetamine KW - Dopamine KW - Neurotoxicity KW - Neostriatum KW - Sensitization KW - Brain KW - N3 11106:Neurobiology of drug abuse KW - X 24180:Social poisons & drug abuse UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/17613851?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxicologyabstracts&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Addiction+Biology&rft.atitle=Prior+exposure+to+a+behaviorally+sensitizing+regimen+of+d-methamphetamine+does+not+alter+the+striatal+dopaminergic+damage+induced+by+a+neurotoxic+regimen&rft.au=Miller%2C+D+B%3BO%27Callaghan%2C+J+P%3BJohnson%2C+E+A&rft.aulast=Miller&rft.aufirst=D&rft.date=2000-07-01&rft.volume=5&rft.issue=3&rft.spage=361&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Addiction+Biology&rft.issn=13556215&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Methamphetamine; Sensitization; Neostriatum; Dopamine; Neurotoxicity; Brain ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Case-control assessment of the association between non-Hodgkin's lymphoma and occupational radiation with doses assessed using a job exposure matrix AN - 17606217; 4752742 AB - Epidemiologic data for an association between radiation exposure and non-Hodgkin's lymphoma (NHL) have been inconclusive though the strongest evidence has been provided by studies of patients treated with radiotherapy. We evaluated the association between occupational radiation exposure and non-Hodgkin's lymphoma in men using a population-based case-control study with 1,056 case and 1,860 control subjects sampled from eight geographic areas in the United States. Because dosimetry data were not available, doses were estimated for individuals who reported occupational radiation exposure using a radiation job exposure matrix developed for this purpose. Conditional logistic regression was used to model the association between reported occupational radiation exposure and NHL incidence. We found that most men (> 90%) did not report exposure to occupational sources of radiation. Among those who reported exposure, estimated cumulative doses were low, with an estimated mean of less than 0.02 Gray and a maximum of 0.12 Gray. The risk for NHL was not associated with ever having reported an occupational radiation exposure (OR = 0.90, 95% CI = 0.74-1.10) nor was there evidence of a dose-response relationship between risk and either the estimated cumulative doses or duration of exposure. The findings in this study are consistent with results from most current research on occupational radiation and NHL risk that have found no increased risk of NHL at low levels of occupational radiation exposure. While it should be noted that exposure misclassification likely biased our results toward the null, this large population-based case-control study adds to existing evidence which suggests that there is little to no increased risk for NHL associated with exposure to low levels of radiation such as that commonly found in many occupational settings. JF - American Journal of Industrial Medicine AU - Eheman, C R AU - Tolbert, P E AU - Coates, R J AU - Devine, O AU - Eley, J W AD - Mailstop K-55, Epidemiology and Health Services Branch, Division of Cancer Prevention and Control, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, 4770 Buford Highway, Atlanta, GA 30341, USA, cre1@cdc.gov Y1 - 2000/07// PY - 2000 DA - Jul 2000 SP - 19 EP - 27 VL - 38 IS - 1 SN - 0271-3586, 0271-3586 KW - man KW - lymphoma KW - Toxicology Abstracts; Health & Safety Science Abstracts; Pollution Abstracts; Risk Abstracts KW - Risk assessment KW - Radiation KW - Dose-response effects KW - Regression analysis KW - Lymphoma KW - Occupational exposure KW - Ionizing radiation KW - R2 23080:Industrial and labor KW - X 24210:Radiation & radioactive materials KW - H 8000:Radiation Safety/Electrical Safety KW - P 8000:RADIATION UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/17606217?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Ariskabstracts&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=American+Journal+of+Industrial+Medicine&rft.atitle=Case-control+assessment+of+the+association+between+non-Hodgkin%27s+lymphoma+and+occupational+radiation+with+doses+assessed+using+a+job+exposure+matrix&rft.au=Eheman%2C+C+R%3BTolbert%2C+P+E%3BCoates%2C+R+J%3BDevine%2C+O%3BEley%2C+J+W&rft.aulast=Eheman&rft.aufirst=C&rft.date=2000-07-01&rft.volume=38&rft.issue=1&rft.spage=19&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=American+Journal+of+Industrial+Medicine&rft.issn=02713586&rft_id=info:doi/10.1002%2F1097-0274%28200007%2938%3A13.3.CO%3B2-C LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Occupational exposure; Radiation; Dose-response effects; Lymphoma; Ionizing radiation; Risk assessment; Regression analysis DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/1097-0274(200007)38:1<19::AID-AJIM3>3.3.CO;2-C ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Use of Synthetic Cardiolipin and Lecithin in the Antigen Used by the Venereal Disease Research Laboratory Test for Serodiagnosis of Syphilis AN - 17606045; 4740143 AB - The Venereal Disease Research Laboratory (VDRL) test is a microflocculation test for syphilis that uses an antigen containing cardiolipin, lecithin, and cholesterol. For more than 50 years, the preparation of natural cardiolipin and lecithin for this test has been based on the Pangborn method which involves isolating and purifying these components from beef hearts. This process is tedious and time-consuming and results in a variable purity range. In our studies, we found that a VDRL antigen using synthetic tetramyristoyl cardiolipin and synthetic 1-palmitoyl-2-oleoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine (lecithin) was as specific in detecting syphilis as a VDRL antigen made with natural components. In 85% of the cases, we obtained an endpoint titer of 1/2 or 1 dilution more than a titer obtained with a VDRL antigen made with natural components. The use of these pure synthetic compounds, with a purity of 99%, would offer advantages in the standardization and stability of the VDRL antigen. Because this antigen is the basic ingredient in the preparation of nontreponemal reagents such as the rapid plasma reagin, toluidine red unheated serum test, and the unheated serum reagin, the use of this synthetic VDRL antigen should also increase the reactivity of these reagents. JF - Clinical and Diagnostic Laboratory Immunology AU - Castro, A R AU - Morrill, W E AU - Shaw, WA AU - Gale, D C AU - Park, M M AU - Peregrino-Ferreira, LA AU - Bazzo, M L AU - Pope, V AD - Division of AIDS, STD, and TB Laboratory Research, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, 1600 Clifton Rd., Mail Stop D-13, Atlanta, GA 30333, USA, ajc5@cdc.gov Y1 - 2000/07// PY - 2000 DA - Jul 2000 SP - 658 EP - 661 VL - 7 IS - 4 SN - 1071-412X, 1071-412X KW - immunodiagnosis KW - antigens KW - immunology KW - Treponema pallidum KW - cardiolipin KW - cholesterol KW - lecithin KW - Microbiology Abstracts B: Bacteriology; Immunology Abstracts KW - Syphilis KW - J 02831:Techniques and reagents KW - F 06711:Monoclonal antibodies, hybridomas, antigens and antisera UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/17606045?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologyb&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Clinical+and+Diagnostic+Laboratory+Immunology&rft.atitle=Use+of+Synthetic+Cardiolipin+and+Lecithin+in+the+Antigen+Used+by+the+Venereal+Disease+Research+Laboratory+Test+for+Serodiagnosis+of+Syphilis&rft.au=Castro%2C+A+R%3BMorrill%2C+W+E%3BShaw%2C+WA%3BGale%2C+D+C%3BPark%2C+M+M%3BPeregrino-Ferreira%2C+LA%3BBazzo%2C+M+L%3BPope%2C+V&rft.aulast=Castro&rft.aufirst=A&rft.date=2000-07-01&rft.volume=7&rft.issue=4&rft.spage=658&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Clinical+and+Diagnostic+Laboratory+Immunology&rft.issn=1071412X&rft_id=info:doi/10.1128%2FCDLI.7.4.658-661.2000 LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Treponema pallidum; Syphilis DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/CDLI.7.4.658-661.2000 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Slip and fall-related injuries in relation to environmental cold and work location in above-ground coal mining operations AN - 17604687; 4752744 AB - The association between slip and fall-related injuries and environmental temperature was examined for mostly enclosed (inside vehicles, machinery, or buildings), outdoor (outside, not enclosed), and enclosed/outdoor jobs in the coal mining industry to see if differences existed among the three work locations that had varying exposure to cold temperatures. Temperature data from the National Climatic Data Center and injury data from the Mine Safety and Health Administration were evaluated from 1985-1990 for seven states. Proportionate methods were used to examine the relationship between slips and falls and temperature. Proportionate injury ratios of slips and fall-related injuries increased as temperature declined for all three work locations. Proportion of slips and fall-related injuries that occurred while running/walking increased with declining temperature, with the ground outside as the most common source of these injuries. Outside movement becomes a greater hazard at freezing temperatures for workers in all locations, not just outdoor workers. Any intervention methods geared toward reducing injury incidents facilitated by cold weather must also be directed toward workers who spend time in more enclosed locations. JF - American Journal of Industrial Medicine AU - Bell, J L AU - Gardner, LI AU - Landsittel, D P AD - National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, Division of Safety Research, 1095 Willowdale Road, M/S P1133, Morgantown, WV 26505, USA, jbell@cdc.gov Y1 - 2000/07// PY - 2000 DA - Jul 2000 SP - 40 EP - 48 VL - 38 IS - 1 SN - 0271-3586, 0271-3586 KW - cold KW - falls KW - slips KW - Health & Safety Science Abstracts KW - Accidents KW - Injuries KW - Occupational safety KW - Mining KW - Coal KW - H 1000:Occupational Safety and Health UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/17604687?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Ahealthsafetyabstracts&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=American+Journal+of+Industrial+Medicine&rft.atitle=Slip+and+fall-related+injuries+in+relation+to+environmental+cold+and+work+location+in+above-ground+coal+mining+operations&rft.au=Bell%2C+J+L%3BGardner%2C+LI%3BLandsittel%2C+D+P&rft.aulast=Bell&rft.aufirst=J&rft.date=2000-07-01&rft.volume=38&rft.issue=1&rft.spage=40&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=American+Journal+of+Industrial+Medicine&rft.issn=02713586&rft_id=info:doi/10.1002%2F1097-0274%28200007%2938%3A13.0.CO%3B2-F LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Accidents; Occupational safety; Injuries; Coal; Mining DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/1097-0274(200007)38:1<40::AID-AJIM5>3.0.CO;2-F ER - TY - JOUR T1 - PCR amplification and phylogenetic analysis of groESL operon sequences from Ehrlichia ewingii and Ehrlichia muris AN - 17566856; 4748025 AB - Broad-range PCR primers were used to amplify part of the groESL operon of the canine pathogen Ehrlichia ewingii, recently recognized as a human pathogen, and the murine pathogen Ehrlichia muris. Phylogenetic analysis supported the relationships among Ehrlichia species previously determined by comparison of 16S rRNA gene sequences. These sequences provide additional PCR targets for species for which few gene sequences have been determined. JF - Journal of Clinical Microbiology AU - Sumner, J W AU - Storch, G A AU - Buller, R S AU - Liddell, A M AU - Stockham, S L AU - Rikihisa, Y AU - Messenger, S AU - Paddock, C D AD - Viral and Rickettsial Zoonoses Branch, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, 1600 Clifton Rd., MS/G13, Atlanta, GA 30033, USA, jws3@cdc.gov Y1 - 2000/07// PY - 2000 DA - Jul 2000 SP - 2746 EP - 2749 VL - 38 IS - 7 SN - 0095-1137, 0095-1137 KW - groESL operon KW - rRNA 16S gene KW - Microbiology Abstracts B: Bacteriology KW - Phylogeny KW - Ehrlichia muris KW - Ehrlichia ewingii KW - DNA KW - Polymerase chain reaction KW - Primers KW - J 02704:Enumeration UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/17566856?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologyb&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Clinical+Microbiology&rft.atitle=PCR+amplification+and+phylogenetic+analysis+of+groESL+operon+sequences+from+Ehrlichia+ewingii+and+Ehrlichia+muris&rft.au=Sumner%2C+J+W%3BStorch%2C+G+A%3BBuller%2C+R+S%3BLiddell%2C+A+M%3BStockham%2C+S+L%3BRikihisa%2C+Y%3BMessenger%2C+S%3BPaddock%2C+C+D&rft.aulast=Sumner&rft.aufirst=J&rft.date=2000-07-01&rft.volume=38&rft.issue=7&rft.spage=2746&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+Clinical+Microbiology&rft.issn=00951137&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Ehrlichia ewingii; Ehrlichia muris; DNA; Polymerase chain reaction; Primers; Phylogeny ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Salmonella nomenclature AN - 17566395; 4747974 AB - Salmonella nomenclature is complex, and scientists use different systems to refer to and communicate about this genus. However, uniformity in Salmonella nomenclature is necessary for communication between scientists, health officials, and the public. Unfortunately, current usage often combines several nomenclatural systems that inconsistently divide the genus into species, subspecies, subgenera, groups, subgroups, and serotypes (serovars), and this causes confusion. CDC receives many inquiries concerning the appropriate Salmonella nomenclature for the reporting of results and for use in scientific publications. The defining development in Salmonella taxonomy occurred in 1973 when Crosa et al. demonstrated by DNA-DNA hybridization that all serotypes and subgenera I, II, and IV of Salmonella and all serotypes of 'Arizona' were related at the species level; thus, they belonged in a single specie. In 1986 the Subcommittee of Enterobacteriaceae of the International Committee on Systematic Bacteriology at the XIV International Congress of Microbiology unanimously recommended that the type species for Salmonella be changed to S. enterica, a name coined by Kauffmann and Edwards in 1952, because no serotype shares this name. Nonetheless, the request was denied by the Judicial Commission. Although the Judicial Commission was generally in favor of S. enterica as the type species of Salmonella, its members believed that the status of Salmonella serotype Typhi, the causative agent of typhoid fever, was not adequately addressed in this request for an opinion. JF - Journal of Clinical Microbiology AU - Brenner, F W AU - Villar, R G AU - Angulo, F J AU - Tauxe, R AU - Swaminathan, B AD - Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, 1600 Clifton Rd., Mail Stop CO3, Atlanta, GA, 30333, USA, fwb1@cdc.gov Y1 - 2000/07// PY - 2000 DA - Jul 2000 SP - 2465 EP - 2467 VL - 38 IS - 7 SN - 0095-1137, 0095-1137 KW - Microbiology Abstracts B: Bacteriology KW - Serotypes KW - DNA KW - Taxonomy KW - Salmonella KW - Hybridization analysis KW - J 02710:Identification, taxonomy and typing UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/17566395?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologyb&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Clinical+Microbiology&rft.atitle=Salmonella+nomenclature&rft.au=Brenner%2C+F+W%3BVillar%2C+R+G%3BAngulo%2C+F+J%3BTauxe%2C+R%3BSwaminathan%2C+B&rft.aulast=Brenner&rft.aufirst=F&rft.date=2000-07-01&rft.volume=38&rft.issue=7&rft.spage=2465&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+Clinical+Microbiology&rft.issn=00951137&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Salmonella; Taxonomy; DNA; Hybridization analysis; Serotypes ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Evaluation of the Binax and Biotest urinary antigen kits for detection of legionnaires' disease due to multiple serogroups and species of Legionella AN - 17566220; 4748030 AB - The Binax and the Biotest urinary antigen kits for the detection of Legionnaires' disease caused by organisms other than Legionella pneumophila were compared by testing 45 urine samples from non-Legionella pneumophila serogroup 1 patients previously positive in a broad-spectrum enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). Eighteen were positive with the Binax kit, and 13 were positive with the Biotest. Although neither kit is as sensitive as ELISA, these results extend the number of serogroups and species of Legionella that can be diagnosed with the Binax or Biotest kit. JF - Journal of Clinical Microbiology AU - Benson, R F AU - Tang, P W AU - Fields, B S AD - Respiratory Diseases Branch, Division of Bacterial and Mycotic Diseases, National Center for Infectious Diseases, Mailstop GO3, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA 30333, USA, REB3@CDC.GOV Y1 - 2000/07// PY - 2000 DA - Jul 2000 SP - 2763 EP - 2765 VL - 38 IS - 7 SN - 0095-1137, 0095-1137 KW - Binax KW - Biotest KW - Microbiology Abstracts B: Bacteriology KW - Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay KW - Serotypes KW - Antigens KW - Diagnosis KW - Urine KW - Legionnaire's disease KW - Legionella KW - J 02831:Techniques and reagents UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/17566220?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologyb&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Clinical+Microbiology&rft.atitle=Evaluation+of+the+Binax+and+Biotest+urinary+antigen+kits+for+detection+of+legionnaires%27+disease+due+to+multiple+serogroups+and+species+of+Legionella&rft.au=Benson%2C+R+F%3BTang%2C+P+W%3BFields%2C+B+S&rft.aulast=Benson&rft.aufirst=R&rft.date=2000-07-01&rft.volume=38&rft.issue=7&rft.spage=2763&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+Clinical+Microbiology&rft.issn=00951137&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Legionella; Legionnaire's disease; Diagnosis; Urine; Antigens; Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay; Serotypes ER - TY - JOUR T1 - A 5' nuclease PCR (TaqMan) high-throughput assay for detection of the mecA gene in staphylococci AN - 17566219; 4747983 AB - In an effort to find a rapid, efficient, and reliable method of screening large numbers of bacterial isolates for specific antimicrobial resistance genes, we compared conventional PCR results to the results generated using the TaqMan 5' nuclease PCR kit in conjunction with an ABI Prism 7700 Sequence Detector for detecting the mecA gene in various species of staphylococci. DNA was extracted using two techniques. The first used a high-salt extraction method suitable for conventional PCR but resulted in a 7.2% rate of PCR inhibition with the TaqMan technique. PCR inhibition could be overcome by diluting samples 1:5 prior to testing. The second method used the Qiagen QIAamp Tissue Kit; no instances of PCR inhibition were encountered with this method. A total of 197 (96%) of the 206 samples with no inhibition showed agreement between the two methods. Eight of the nine disagreements were likely the result of low-level DNA cross contamination caused by frequent specimen handling. Target DNA in all eight of these samples was first detected in the initial tests only after >30 PCR cycles, and all were negative upon repeat testing even after 40 PCR cycles using freshly extracted DNA. Among those positive samples in agreement, target DNA was invariably detected before 30 PCR cycles. The TaqMan assay eliminated the need to load, run, stain, and read agarose gels and provided the advantage of instant detection of PCR product by laser-activated fluorescence. Thus, final results were obtained 2 h after PCR was initiated, as opposed to a requirement of 2 days to examine 96 samples by agarose gel electrophoresis. JF - Journal of Clinical Microbiology AU - Killgore, GE AU - Holloway, B AU - Tenover, F C AD - Hospital Infections Program (G08), Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, 1600 Clifton Rd., Atlanta, GA 30333, USA, gek1@cdc.gov Y1 - 2000/07// PY - 2000 DA - Jul 2000 SP - 2516 EP - 2519 VL - 38 IS - 7 SN - 0095-1137, 0095-1137 KW - 5' Nuclease KW - mecA gene KW - Microbiology Abstracts B: Bacteriology KW - Fluorescence KW - Extraction KW - DNA KW - Inhibitors KW - Polymerase chain reaction KW - Staphylococcus aureus KW - J 02704:Enumeration UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/17566219?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologyb&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Clinical+Microbiology&rft.atitle=A+5%27+nuclease+PCR+%28TaqMan%29+high-throughput+assay+for+detection+of+the+mecA+gene+in+staphylococci&rft.au=Killgore%2C+GE%3BHolloway%2C+B%3BTenover%2C+F+C&rft.aulast=Killgore&rft.aufirst=GE&rft.date=2000-07-01&rft.volume=38&rft.issue=7&rft.spage=2516&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+Clinical+Microbiology&rft.issn=00951137&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Staphylococcus aureus; DNA; Extraction; Polymerase chain reaction; Fluorescence; Inhibitors ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Comparison of the Serodia Treponema pallidum particle agglutination, Captia Syphilis-G, and SpIroTek Reagin II tests with standard test techniques for diagnosis of Syphilis AN - 17565964; 4747988 AB - We compared the microhemagglutination assay for Treponema pallidum (MHA-TP), a treponemal test, with two other treponemal tests, the Serodia Treponema pallidum particle agglutination (TP-PA) assay and the Captia Syphilis-G enzyme immunoassay, using 390 clinical serum samples. We also compared two nontreponemal tests, the rapid plasma Reagin (RPR) card test and the SpiroTek Reagin II test. Agreements of the MHA-TP with the TP-PA test and the Syphilis-G test were 97.4 and 97.7%, respectively. There was 89.2% agreement between the RPR and Reagin II tests. The Reagin II test was more apt to be reactive if the treponemal test was also reactive. We conclude that either the Serodia TP-PA test or the Captia Syphilis-G test is an appropriate substitute for the MHA-TP and that the Spirotek Reagin II test could substitute for the RPR test as a screening test. JF - Journal of Clinical Microbiology AU - Pope, V AU - Fears, M B AU - Morrill, W E AU - Castro, A AU - Kikkert, SE AD - Syphilis Diagnostic Immunology Activity, DASTLR/NCID, Mailstop D-13, Atlanta, GA 30333, USA, vxp1@cdc.gov Y1 - 2000/07// PY - 2000 DA - Jul 2000 SP - 2543 EP - 2545 VL - 38 IS - 7 SN - 0095-1137, 0095-1137 KW - Microbiology Abstracts A: Industrial & Applied Microbiology; Microbiology Abstracts B: Bacteriology KW - Latex agglutination KW - Diagnostic agents KW - Hemagglutination KW - Enzyme immunoassay KW - Reagin KW - Treponema pallidum KW - Syphilis KW - A 01116:Bacteria KW - J 02849:Sexually-transmitted diseases UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/17565964?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologyb&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Clinical+Microbiology&rft.atitle=Comparison+of+the+Serodia+Treponema+pallidum+particle+agglutination%2C+Captia+Syphilis-G%2C+and+SpIroTek+Reagin+II+tests+with+standard+test+techniques+for+diagnosis+of+Syphilis&rft.au=Pope%2C+V%3BFears%2C+M+B%3BMorrill%2C+W+E%3BCastro%2C+A%3BKikkert%2C+SE&rft.aulast=Pope&rft.aufirst=V&rft.date=2000-07-01&rft.volume=38&rft.issue=7&rft.spage=2543&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+Clinical+Microbiology&rft.issn=00951137&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Treponema pallidum; Diagnostic agents; Hemagglutination; Latex agglutination; Enzyme immunoassay; Reagin; Syphilis ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Antimicrobial susceptibility and clinical sources of Dolosigranulum pigrum cultures AN - 17556079; 4747853 AB - Antimicrobial susceptibilities of 27 clinical isolates of Dolosigranulum pigrum were determined. All were susceptible to amoxicillin, cefotaxime, cefuroxime, clindamycin, levofloxacin, meropenem, penicillin, quinupristin-dalfopristin, rifampin, tetracycline, and vancomycin. Fifteen of the isolates were intermediate to chloramphenicol. One isolate was resistant to trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole. Two isolates were susceptible, 10 were intermediate, and 15 were resistant to erythromycin. JF - Antimicrobial Agents & Chemotherapy AU - LaClaire, L AU - Facklam, R AD - Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Mailstop C-02, Atlanta, GA 30333, USA, rrf2@cdc.gov Y1 - 2000/07// PY - 2000 DA - Jul 2000 SP - 2001 EP - 2003 VL - 44 IS - 7 SN - 0066-4804, 0066-4804 KW - Microbiology Abstracts A: Industrial & Applied Microbiology; Microbiology Abstracts B: Bacteriology KW - Dolosigranulum pigrum KW - Erythromycin KW - Tetracyclines KW - Minimum inhibitory concentration KW - Penicillin KW - peptide antibiotics KW - Antibiotic sensitivity testing KW - Dilution tests KW - Antibiotic resistance KW - J 02783:Antibiotics: General KW - A 01074:General UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/17556079?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologyb&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Antimicrobial+Agents+%26+Chemotherapy&rft.atitle=Antimicrobial+susceptibility+and+clinical+sources+of+Dolosigranulum+pigrum+cultures&rft.au=LaClaire%2C+L%3BFacklam%2C+R&rft.aulast=LaClaire&rft.aufirst=L&rft.date=2000-07-01&rft.volume=44&rft.issue=7&rft.spage=2001&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Antimicrobial+Agents+%26+Chemotherapy&rft.issn=00664804&rft_id=info:doi/10.1128%2FAAC.44.7.2001-2003.2000 LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Dolosigranulum pigrum; Antibiotic sensitivity testing; Dilution tests; Minimum inhibitory concentration; Antibiotic resistance; Penicillin; Tetracyclines; peptide antibiotics; Erythromycin DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/AAC.44.7.2001-2003.2000 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Laboratory-acquired human glanders--Maryland, May 2000. AN - 71283798; 10923853 AB - On May 5, 2000, the Baltimore City Health Department was notified by hospital infection-control staff of a serious systemic febrile illness in a microbiologist whose research at the U.S. Army Medical Research Institute of Infectious Diseases (USAMRIID) involved several pathogenic bacteria, including Burkholderia mallei, the causative agent of glanders. This report summarizes the first human case of glanders in the United States since 1945, and emphasizes the importance of considering occupational exposures among laboratory workers with a febrile illness, the difficulty of characterizing unusual agents, including potential agents of biological terrorism such as glanders using routine laboratory techniques, the appropriate isolation practices for patients who may be infected by these agents, and laboratory safety. JF - MMWR. Morbidity and mortality weekly report AU - Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) AD - Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) Y1 - 2000/06/23/ PY - 2000 DA - 2000 Jun 23 SP - 532 EP - 535 VL - 49 IS - 24 SN - 0149-2195, 0149-2195 KW - Index Medicus KW - Humans KW - Maryland KW - Male KW - Occupational Exposure KW - Burkholderia -- isolation & purification KW - Glanders -- microbiology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/71283798?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=MMWR.+Morbidity+and+mortality+weekly+report&rft.atitle=Laboratory-acquired+human+glanders--Maryland%2C+May+2000.&rft.au=Centers+for+Disease+Control+and+Prevention+%28CDC%29&rft.aulast=Centers+for+Disease+Control+and+Prevention+%28CDC%29&rft.aufirst=&rft.date=2000-06-23&rft.volume=49&rft.issue=24&rft.spage=532&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=MMWR.+Morbidity+and+mortality+weekly+report&rft.issn=01492195&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 2000-08-03 N1 - Date created - 2000-08-03 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Update: Clostridium novyi and unexplained illness among injecting-drug users--Scotland, Ireland, and England, April-June 2000. AN - 71272348; 10923856 AB - Since April 19, 2000, health authorities in Scotland, Ireland, England, and the United States have been investigating an outbreak of unexplained illness and death among injecting-drug users (IDUs) in the United Kingdom and Ireland (1-3). Initial testing of specimens from 76 IDUs identified Clostridium species in 18 (24%) patients; nine were Clostridium novyi. This report updates the investigation of this outbreak, which indicates that Clostridium species may be associated with these illnesses. JF - MMWR. Morbidity and mortality weekly report AU - Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) AD - Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) Y1 - 2000/06/23/ PY - 2000 DA - 2000 Jun 23 SP - 543 EP - 545 VL - 49 IS - 24 SN - 0149-2195, 0149-2195 KW - Index Medicus KW - Clostridium -- isolation & purification KW - United Kingdom -- epidemiology KW - Humans KW - Adult KW - Middle Aged KW - Ireland -- epidemiology KW - Clostridium Infections -- epidemiology KW - Clostridium Infections -- complications KW - Clostridium Infections -- microbiology KW - Substance Abuse, Intravenous -- complications KW - Disease Outbreaks UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/71272348?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=MMWR.+Morbidity+and+mortality+weekly+report&rft.atitle=Update%3A+Clostridium+novyi+and+unexplained+illness+among+injecting-drug+users--Scotland%2C+Ireland%2C+and+England%2C+April-June+2000.&rft.au=Centers+for+Disease+Control+and+Prevention+%28CDC%29&rft.aulast=Centers+for+Disease+Control+and+Prevention+%28CDC%29&rft.aufirst=&rft.date=2000-06-23&rft.volume=49&rft.issue=24&rft.spage=543&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=MMWR.+Morbidity+and+mortality+weekly+report&rft.issn=01492195&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 2000-08-03 N1 - Date created - 2000-08-03 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Invasive Haemophilus influenzae Disease in Alaskan Residents Aged 10 Years and Older Before and After Infant Vaccination Programs AN - 17599991; 4732446 AB - Context The introduction of Haemophilus influenzae type b (Hib) vaccination of children has led to a decline in incidence of Hib disease in young Alaskan children. However, the impact of vaccination on unimmunized Alaskan adolescents and adults has not been studied. Objective To characterize trends in incidence of and mortality due to invasive H influenzae disease in Alaskan residents aged 10 years and older prior to and after the introduction of a statewide Hib infant vaccination program. Design and Setting Population-based, descriptive correlational study conducted 1980-1996 in Alaska. Subjects One hundred twenty-nine individuals (31 Alaska Natives and 98 nonnative Alaska residents) aged 10 years and older in whom H influenzae was cultured from a normally sterile site. Main Outcome Measures Incidence of H influenzae infection before (1980-1990) vs after (1991-1996) vaccination program initiation; serotype, biotype, and beta -lactamase production of isolates. Results The overall annual incidence of invasive H influenzae in those aged 10 years and older declined 33%, from 2.1 per 100 000 persons per year to 1.4 per 100 000 persons per year (P=.03) after initiation of statewide infant Hib vaccination programs in 1991. This reduction appeared to be the result of a decrease in serotype b disease (82%; P<.001). Infection with other H influenzae serotypes and nontypeable strains increased from 0.5 per 100 000 persons per year to 1.1 per 100 000 persons per year (P=.01). Incidence declined from 4.2 per 100 000 persons per year to 1.2 per 100 000 persons per year in Alaska Natives (P=.005) and from 1.7 per 100 000 persons per year to 1.4 per 100 000 persons per year in nonnative Alaska residents (P=.37). Pneumonia (43%), sepsis (26%), and meningitis (16%) were the most common clinical presentations. Alcohol/drug abuse was comorbid in 15% of patients, while 13% of patients were pregnant women. beta -Lactamase production occurred in 35% of isolates and was stable throughout the surveillance. The overall case-fatality rate was 15%. Conclusion The overall statewide incidence of invasive H influenzae infections in unimmunized persons aged 10 years and older decreased after the initiation of an infant Hib vaccine program, perhaps by decreasing Hib carriage in child reservoirs. An increase in non-serotype b strains was observed. This trend justifies the need for continued surveillance of invasive disease caused by H influenzae. JF - Journal of the American Medical Association AU - Perdue, D G AU - Bulkow, L R AU - Gellin, B G AU - Davidson, M AU - Petersen, K M AU - Singleton, R J AU - Parkinson, A J AD - Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Arctic Investigations Program, 4055 Tudor Centre Dr, Anchorage, AK 99508-5902, USA, ajp1@cdc.gov Y1 - 2000/06/21/ PY - 2000 DA - 2000 Jun 21 SP - 3089 EP - 3094 VL - 283 IS - 23 SN - 0098-7484, 0098-7484 KW - USA, Alaska KW - Microbiology Abstracts B: Bacteriology KW - Sepsis KW - Haemophilus influenzae KW - Vaccination KW - Pneumonia KW - Meningitis KW - Infants KW - J 02834:Vaccination and immunization UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/17599991?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologyb&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+the+American+Medical+Association&rft.atitle=Invasive+Haemophilus+influenzae+Disease+in+Alaskan+Residents+Aged+10+Years+and+Older+Before+and+After+Infant+Vaccination+Programs&rft.au=Perdue%2C+D+G%3BBulkow%2C+L+R%3BGellin%2C+B+G%3BDavidson%2C+M%3BPetersen%2C+K+M%3BSingleton%2C+R+J%3BParkinson%2C+A+J&rft.aulast=Perdue&rft.aufirst=D&rft.date=2000-06-21&rft.volume=283&rft.issue=23&rft.spage=3089&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+the+American+Medical+Association&rft.issn=00987484&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Haemophilus influenzae; Infants; Vaccination; Pneumonia; Sepsis; Meningitis ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Occupational fatalities associated with 2,4-dichlorophenol (2,4-DCP) exposure, 1980-1998. AN - 71229829; 10882291 AB - 2,4-Dichlorophenol (2,4-DCP) is a feedstock chemical primarily used to produce the herbicide 2,4-dichloropheoxyacetic acid (2,4-D). In October 1998, the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) was notified of the death of a worker acutely exposed to 2,4-DCP. Follow-up investigation by EPA, the Occupational Safety and Health Administration (OSHA), and CDC's National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH) identified four earlier deaths associated with acute 2,4-DCP exposure, which occurred during 1980-1992. All of these incidents resulted in rapid death after dermal exposure to the heated liquid form of the chemical. This report describes the five deaths associated with 2,4-DCP exposure (presented in the order in which they were identified) and provides recommendations for preventing additional deaths. JF - MMWR. Morbidity and mortality weekly report AU - Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) AD - Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) Y1 - 2000/06/16/ PY - 2000 DA - 2000 Jun 16 SP - 516 EP - 518 VL - 49 IS - 23 SN - 0149-2195, 0149-2195 KW - Chlorophenols KW - 0 KW - 2,4-dichlorophenol KW - R669TG1950 KW - Index Medicus KW - England -- epidemiology KW - Humans KW - Adult KW - France -- epidemiology KW - Middle Aged KW - United States -- epidemiology KW - Male KW - Occupational Exposure -- statistics & numerical data KW - Chlorophenols -- poisoning KW - Occupational Exposure -- adverse effects KW - Accidents, Occupational -- mortality KW - Chemical Industry UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/71229829?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=MMWR.+Morbidity+and+mortality+weekly+report&rft.atitle=Occupational+fatalities+associated+with+2%2C4-dichlorophenol+%282%2C4-DCP%29+exposure%2C+1980-1998.&rft.au=Centers+for+Disease+Control+and+Prevention+%28CDC%29&rft.aulast=Centers+for+Disease+Control+and+Prevention+%28CDC%29&rft.aufirst=&rft.date=2000-06-16&rft.volume=49&rft.issue=23&rft.spage=516&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=MMWR.+Morbidity+and+mortality+weekly+report&rft.issn=01492195&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 2000-07-11 N1 - Date created - 2000-07-11 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Serum copper concentration and coronary heart disease among US adults. AN - 71259841; 10905530 AB - Copper, a strong prooxidant, may play a role in atherogenesis. The author examined the association between serum copper concentration and mortality from coronary heart disease using data from the Second National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (1976-1992). Serum copper concentration was determined using atomic absorption spectroscopy. After various exclusions, 151 deaths from coronary heart disease occurred among 4,574 participants aged > or =30 years. At baseline, the age-adjusted serum copper concentration was about 5% higher among participants who died from coronary heart disease than among those who did not (p = 0.072). After adjustment for age, sex, race, education, smoking status, systolic blood pressure, serum cholesterol, serum high density lipoprotein cholesterol, body mass index, recreational activity, nonrecreational activity, history of diabetes, and white blood cell count, the hazard ratios for death from coronary heart disease for serum copper concentrations in the second, third, and fourth quartiles (versus the first quartile) were 1.84 (95% confidence interval (CI): 0.93, 3.66), 2.14 (95% CI: 1.21, 3.77), and 2.87 (95% CI: 1.57, 5.25), respectively. Several prospective studies, including the present analysis, have found elevated serum copper concentrations to be associated with cardiovascular disease. Whether copper directly affects atherogenesis or is a marker of inflammation associated with atherosclerosis remains to be established. JF - American journal of epidemiology AU - Ford, E S AD - Division of Nutrition and Physical Activity, National Center for Chronic Disease Prevention and Health Promotion, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA 30341, USA. esf2@cdc.gov Y1 - 2000/06/15/ PY - 2000 DA - 2000 Jun 15 SP - 1182 EP - 1188 VL - 151 IS - 12 SN - 0002-9262, 0002-9262 KW - Copper KW - 789U1901C5 KW - Index Medicus KW - Life Style KW - Humans KW - Health Surveys KW - Adult KW - Retrospective Studies KW - Aged KW - Middle Aged KW - Male KW - Female KW - Risk Assessment KW - Coronary Disease -- etiology KW - Coronary Disease -- mortality KW - Copper -- adverse effects KW - Copper -- blood UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/71259841?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=American+journal+of+epidemiology&rft.atitle=Serum+copper+concentration+and+coronary+heart+disease+among+US+adults.&rft.au=Ford%2C+E+S&rft.aulast=Ford&rft.aufirst=E&rft.date=2000-06-15&rft.volume=151&rft.issue=12&rft.spage=1182&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=American+journal+of+epidemiology&rft.issn=00029262&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 2000-08-01 N1 - Date created - 2000-08-01 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Illnesses associated with use of automatic insecticide dispenser units--selected states and United States, 1986-1999. AN - 71252680; 10881765 AB - To control indoor flying insects, restaurants and other businesses commonly use pyrethrin and pyrethroid insecticides sprayed from automatic dispensing units. Usually placed near entrances, these units are designed to kill flying insects in food service or work areas. On May 18, 1999, the Florida Department of Health (FDH) was notified by the Florida Department of Business and Professional Regulation (DBPR) that during May 12-17, three persons developed pesticide-related illnesses associated with improperly placed automatic insecticide dispensers. After FDH conducted a follow-up investigation and notified CDC's National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH) of this event, surveillance data were reviewed to identify additional cases of pesticide-related illnesses associated with automatic insecticide dispensers. Data were provided by the Toxic Exposure Surveillance System (TESS), the California Department of Pesticide Regulation (CDPR), the Montana Department of Agriculture (MDA), the National Pesticide Telecommunications Network (NPTN), and the Washington State Department of Health (WSDH)*. This report describes cases, summarizes surveillance data for pesticide-related illnesses associated with automatic insecticide dispensers, and provides recommendations for safe dispenser use. JF - MMWR. Morbidity and mortality weekly report AU - Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) AD - Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) Y1 - 2000/06/09/ PY - 2000 DA - 2000 Jun 09 SP - 492 EP - 495 VL - 49 IS - 22 SN - 0149-2195, 0149-2195 KW - Insecticides KW - 0 KW - Index Medicus KW - Humans KW - Adult KW - Food Industry KW - Aged KW - Middle Aged KW - Child KW - Adolescent KW - United States -- epidemiology KW - Male KW - Child, Preschool KW - Insecticides -- poisoning KW - Insect Control -- instrumentation KW - Restaurants KW - Air Pollution, Indoor UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/71252680?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=MMWR.+Morbidity+and+mortality+weekly+report&rft.atitle=Illnesses+associated+with+use+of+automatic+insecticide+dispenser+units--selected+states+and+United+States%2C+1986-1999.&rft.au=Centers+for+Disease+Control+and+Prevention+%28CDC%29&rft.aulast=Centers+for+Disease+Control+and+Prevention+%28CDC%29&rft.aufirst=&rft.date=2000-06-09&rft.volume=49&rft.issue=22&rft.spage=492&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=MMWR.+Morbidity+and+mortality+weekly+report&rft.issn=01492195&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 2000-07-11 N1 - Date created - 2000-07-11 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Unexplained illness and death among injecting-drug users--Glasgow, Scotland; Dublin, Ireland; and England, April-June 2000. AN - 71233999; 10881764 AB - Since April 19, 2000, 30 injecting-drug users (IDUs) died or were hospitalized with unexplained severe illness in Glasgow, Scotland. Illness was characterized by extensive local inflammation at a subcutaneous or intramuscular injection site often followed by hypotension and circulatory collapse. Since April 24, 2000, 15 IDUs in Dublin, Ireland, and 14 IDUs in England with similar illnesses have been identified. Despite debridement and broad spectrum antibiotics, 30 (51%) of the 59 patients in all three countries have died. This report further describes the clinical syndrome and key epidemiologic features of the illness as characterized by a preliminary investigation by health authorities in Scotland, Ireland, England, and the United States (1). JF - MMWR. Morbidity and mortality weekly report AU - Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) AD - Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) Y1 - 2000/06/09/ PY - 2000 DA - 2000 Jun 09 SP - 489 EP - 492 VL - 49 IS - 22 SN - 0149-2195, 0149-2195 KW - Index Medicus KW - England -- epidemiology KW - Syndrome KW - Humans KW - Adult KW - Middle Aged KW - Hospitalization -- statistics & numerical data KW - Male KW - Ireland -- epidemiology KW - Female KW - Scotland -- epidemiology KW - Hypotension -- complications KW - Shock -- complications KW - Substance Abuse, Intravenous -- complications KW - Disease Outbreaks KW - Substance Abuse, Intravenous -- mortality KW - Soft Tissue Infections -- complications UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/71233999?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=MMWR.+Morbidity+and+mortality+weekly+report&rft.atitle=Unexplained+illness+and+death+among+injecting-drug+users--Glasgow%2C+Scotland%3B+Dublin%2C+Ireland%3B+and+England%2C+April-June+2000.&rft.au=Centers+for+Disease+Control+and+Prevention+%28CDC%29&rft.aulast=Centers+for+Disease+Control+and+Prevention+%28CDC%29&rft.aufirst=&rft.date=2000-06-09&rft.volume=49&rft.issue=22&rft.spage=489&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=MMWR.+Morbidity+and+mortality+weekly+report&rft.issn=01492195&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 2000-07-11 N1 - Date created - 2000-07-11 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Youth risk behavior surveillance--United States, 1999. AN - 70533804; 12412614 AB - Priority health-risk behaviors, which contribute to the leading causes of mortality and morbidity among youth and adults, often are established during youth, extend into adulthood, are interrelated, and are preventable. February-May 1999. The Youth Risk Behavior Surveillance System (YRBSS) monitors six categories of priority health-risk behaviors among youth and young adults --behaviors that contribute to unintentional and intentional injuries; tobacco use; alcohol and other drug use; sexual behaviors that contribute to unintended pregnancy and sexually transmitted diseases (STDs) (including human immunodeficiency virus [HIV] infection); unhealthy dietary behaviors; and physical inactivity. The YRBSS includes a national school-based survey conducted by CDC as well as state, territorial, and local school-based surveys conducted by education and health agencies. This report summarizes results from the national survey, 33 state surveys, and 16 local surveys conducted among high school students during February-May 1999. In the United States, approximately three fourths of all deaths among persons aged 10-24 years result from only four causes: motor-vehicle crashes, other unintentional injuries, homicide, and suicide. Results from the 1999 national Youth Risk Behavior Survey demonstrate that numerous high school students engage in behaviors that increase their likelihood of death from these four causes--16.4% had rarely or never worn a seat belt; during the 30 days preceding the survey, 33.1% had ridden with a driver who had been drinking alcohol; 17.3% had carried a weapon during the 30 days preceding the survey; 50.0% had drunk alcohol during the 30 days preceding the survey; 26.7% had used marijuana during the 30 days preceding the survey; and 7.8% had attempted suicide during the 12 months preceding the survey. Substantial morbidity and social problems among young persons also result from unintended pregnancies and STDs, including HIV infection. In 1999, nationwide, 49.9% of high school students had ever had sexual intercourse; 42.0% of sexually active students had not used a condom at last sexual intercourse; and 1.8% had ever injected an illegal drug. Two thirds of all deaths among persons aged > or = 25 years result from only two causes--cardiovascular disease and cancer. The majority of risk behaviors associated with these two causes of death are initiated during adolescence. In 1999, 34.8% of high school students had smoked cigarettes during the 30 days preceding the survey; 76.1% had not eaten > or = 5 servings/day of fruits and vegetables during the 7 days preceding the survey; 16.0% were at risk for becoming overweight; and 70.9% did not attend physical education class daily. These YRBSS data are already being used by health and education officials at national, state, and local levelsto analyze and improve policies and programs to reduce priority health-risk behaviors among youth. The YRBSS data also are being used to measure progress toward achieving 16 national health objectives for 2010 and 3 of the 10 leading health indicators. JF - MMWR. CDC surveillance summaries : Morbidity and mortality weekly report. CDC surveillance summaries AU - Kann, L AU - Kinchen, S A AU - Williams, B I AU - Ross, J G AU - Lowry, R AU - Grunbaum, J A AU - Kolbe, L J AU - State and Local YRBSS Coodinators. Youth Risk Behavior Surveillance System AD - Division of Adolescent and School Health, National Center for Chronic Disease Prevention and Health Promotion, CDC, USA. ; State and Local YRBSS Coodinators. Youth Risk Behavior Surveillance System Y1 - 2000/06/09/ PY - 2000 DA - 2000 Jun 09 SP - 1 EP - 32 VL - 49 IS - 5 KW - Index Medicus KW - Wounds and Injuries -- epidemiology KW - Violence -- statistics & numerical data KW - Humans KW - Exercise KW - Alcohol Drinking -- epidemiology KW - Smoking -- epidemiology KW - Sexually Transmitted Diseases -- epidemiology KW - Pregnancy KW - Smoking -- trends KW - Alcohol Drinking -- trends KW - Diet -- trends KW - Adolescent KW - Pregnancy Rate -- trends KW - United States -- epidemiology KW - Automobile Driving -- statistics & numerical data KW - Female KW - Male KW - Violence -- trends KW - Substance-Related Disorders -- epidemiology KW - Sexual Behavior -- statistics & numerical data KW - Adolescent Behavior KW - Risk-Taking KW - Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/70533804?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=MMWR.+CDC+surveillance+summaries+%3A+Morbidity+and+mortality+weekly+report.+CDC+surveillance+summaries&rft.atitle=Youth+risk+behavior+surveillance--United+States%2C+1999.&rft.au=Kann%2C+L%3BKinchen%2C+S+A%3BWilliams%2C+B+I%3BRoss%2C+J+G%3BLowry%2C+R%3BGrunbaum%2C+J+A%3BKolbe%2C+L+J%3BState+and+Local+YRBSS+Coodinators.+Youth+Risk+Behavior+Surveillance+System&rft.aulast=Kann&rft.aufirst=L&rft.date=2000-06-09&rft.volume=49&rft.issue=5&rft.spage=1&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=MMWR.+CDC+surveillance+summaries+%3A+Morbidity+and+mortality+weekly+report.+CDC+surveillance+summaries&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 2002-11-05 N1 - Date created - 2002-11-04 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - HIV/AIDS among men who have sex with men and inject drugs--United States, 1985-1998. AN - 71229314; 10882293 AB - Men who have sex with men and inject drugs (MSM/IDU) pose unique challenges for human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) risk reduction efforts because they have multiple risks for HIV acquisition and transmission. This report presents 1) the demographic characteristics of MSM/IDU diagnosed with acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) in 1998 and MSM/IDU living with AIDS as of December 31, 1998; 2) trends in AIDS incidence among MSM/IDU from 1985 to 1998; and 3) information on selected behaviors from interviews of MSM/IDU who had AIDS diagnosed from 1996 to 1998 in 12 states. The findings indicate that 1) over half of MSM/IDU with AIDS were non-Hispanic blacks and Hispanics, and most MSM/IDU with AIDS were reported from large metropolitan statistical areas (MSAs); 2) AIDS incidence has declined since 1996; and 3) a high prevalence of drug-related and sexual risk behaviors occurred among MSM/IDU with AIDS. JF - MMWR. Morbidity and mortality weekly report AU - Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) AD - Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) Y1 - 2000/06/02/ PY - 2000 DA - 2000 Jun 02 SP - 465 EP - 470 VL - 49 IS - 21 SN - 0149-2195, 0149-2195 KW - Index Medicus KW - AIDS/HIV KW - Risk-Taking KW - Humans KW - Adult KW - Incidence KW - Middle Aged KW - Adolescent KW - United States -- epidemiology KW - Male KW - Population Surveillance KW - HIV Infections -- transmission KW - HIV Infections -- complications KW - Homosexuality, Male -- statistics & numerical data KW - Substance Abuse, Intravenous -- epidemiology KW - Substance Abuse, Intravenous -- complications KW - HIV Infections -- epidemiology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/71229314?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=MMWR.+Morbidity+and+mortality+weekly+report&rft.atitle=HIV%2FAIDS+among+men+who+have+sex+with+men+and+inject+drugs--United+States%2C+1985-1998.&rft.au=Centers+for+Disease+Control+and+Prevention+%28CDC%29&rft.aulast=Centers+for+Disease+Control+and+Prevention+%28CDC%29&rft.aufirst=&rft.date=2000-06-02&rft.volume=49&rft.issue=21&rft.spage=465&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=MMWR.+Morbidity+and+mortality+weekly+report&rft.issn=01492195&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 2000-07-11 N1 - Date created - 2000-07-11 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - The incubation period of hantavirus pulmonary syndrome. AN - 72585014; 11304061 AB - In 1993 Sin Nombre virus was recognized as the cause of hantavirus pulmonary syndrome (HPS) and the deer mouse (Peromyscus maniculatus) was identified as the reservoir host. Surveillance by the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention and state health departments includes investigation to determine the likely site(s) and activities that led to infection, an environmental assessment of the home and workplace, and possibly rodent trappings at these sites. As of December 31, 1998, there were 200 confirmed cases from 30 states (43% case-fatality ratio). The national HPS case registry was examined to determine the incubation period of HPS. Review of 11 case-patients with well-defined and isolated exposure to rodents suggests that the incubation period of HPS is 9 to 33 days, with a median of 14-17 days. Case investigations allow a better understanding of the incubation time of HPS and may define high-risk behaviors that can be targeted for intervention. JF - The American journal of tropical medicine and hygiene AU - Young, J C AU - Hansen, G R AU - Graves, T K AU - Deasy, M P AU - Humphreys, J G AU - Fritz, C L AU - Gorham, K L AU - Khan, A S AU - Ksiazek, T G AU - Metzger, K B AU - Peters, C J AD - Division of Viral and Rickettsial Diseases, National Center for Infectious Diseases, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia 30329-4018, USA. jyoung@cdc.gov Y1 - 2000/06// PY - 2000 DA - June 2000 SP - 714 EP - 717 VL - 62 IS - 6 SN - 0002-9637, 0002-9637 KW - Abridged Index Medicus KW - Index Medicus KW - Occupational Exposure KW - Animals KW - Housing KW - Hantavirus Infections -- virology KW - Humans KW - Registries KW - Hantavirus Infections -- transmission KW - Hantavirus Infections -- veterinary KW - Recreation KW - Adult KW - Middle Aged KW - Time Factors KW - Female KW - Male KW - Hantavirus Pulmonary Syndrome -- transmission KW - Peromyscus -- virology KW - Environmental Exposure KW - Peromyscus -- physiology KW - Disease Reservoirs KW - Hantavirus KW - Rodent Diseases -- virology KW - Hantavirus Pulmonary Syndrome -- virology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/72585014?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+American+journal+of+tropical+medicine+and+hygiene&rft.atitle=The+incubation+period+of+hantavirus+pulmonary+syndrome.&rft.au=Young%2C+J+C%3BHansen%2C+G+R%3BGraves%2C+T+K%3BDeasy%2C+M+P%3BHumphreys%2C+J+G%3BFritz%2C+C+L%3BGorham%2C+K+L%3BKhan%2C+A+S%3BKsiazek%2C+T+G%3BMetzger%2C+K+B%3BPeters%2C+C+J&rft.aulast=Young&rft.aufirst=J&rft.date=2000-06-01&rft.volume=62&rft.issue=6&rft.spage=714&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=The+American+journal+of+tropical+medicine+and+hygiene&rft.issn=00029637&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 2001-05-03 N1 - Date created - 2001-04-16 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - SuppNotes - Comment In: Am J Trop Med Hyg. 2001 Nov;65(5):403 [11716089] N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Correlates of alcohol and/or drug use among HIV-infected individuals. AN - 71246293; 10897504 AB - The purpose of this article is to describe the psychosocial factors associated with alcohol and/or drug (AOD) use among HIV-infected individuals. Their attitudes toward AOD use are also examined. Three hundred and three HIV-infected adults completed a survey on AOD use while waiting for their appointment at the largest, HIV-outpatient clinic in the Gulf South. Logistic regression showed that associating with others who use drugs and hospitalization for a mental illness were associated with current AOD use. Variables derived from the AIDS Risk Reduction Model that integrates elements of the Health Belief Model, efficacy theory, and social network theory, indicated that 14% of the sample admitted to having an AOD problem. Twenty-six percent of the AOD users reported that they have little social support to help them stop their AOD use. A disturbing finding was that 24% of the AOD users have actively sought help or treatment for their AOD problem and have not been able to find help. These patients differ significantly from the AOD users who could find help in that they are primarily African-American and 46% have been hospitalized for a mental illness. Motivational strategies and mental health interventions are necessary, which provide peer counseling and social support, factors that have been found to greatly influence behavior change. The intervention may also need to include spiritual and humor components because the vast majority of AOD users are interested in treatment approaches that include these two elements. JF - AIDS patient care and STDs AU - Welch, K J AD - CDC Adult Spectrum of Disease Study/Louisiana Office of Public Health, New Orleans, USA. Y1 - 2000/06// PY - 2000 DA - June 2000 SP - 317 EP - 323 VL - 14 IS - 6 SN - 1087-2914, 1087-2914 KW - AIDS/HIV KW - Odds Ratio KW - Attitude to Health KW - Psychology KW - Chi-Square Distribution KW - Humans KW - Comorbidity KW - Risk Assessment KW - Multivariate Analysis KW - Socioeconomic Factors KW - Risk Factors KW - Adult KW - Sampling Studies KW - Confidence Intervals KW - Incidence KW - Data Collection KW - Middle Aged KW - Female KW - Male KW - Louisiana -- epidemiology KW - Substance-Related Disorders -- diagnosis KW - Alcoholism -- epidemiology KW - Alcoholism -- diagnosis KW - HIV Infections -- epidemiology KW - HIV Infections -- diagnosis KW - Substance-Related Disorders -- epidemiology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/71246293?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=AIDS+patient+care+and+STDs&rft.atitle=Correlates+of+alcohol+and%2For+drug+use+among+HIV-infected+individuals.&rft.au=Welch%2C+K+J&rft.aulast=Welch&rft.aufirst=K&rft.date=2000-06-01&rft.volume=14&rft.issue=6&rft.spage=317&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=AIDS+patient+care+and+STDs&rft.issn=10872914&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 2000-11-08 N1 - Date created - 2000-11-08 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Effect of ozone treatment on airway reactivity and epithelium-derived relaxing factor in guinea pigs. AN - 71215318; 10869370 AB - Ozone (O(3)) is toxic to respiratory epithelium and causes airway inflammation and hyperreactivity. To evaluate the role of the epithelium in the development of hyperreactivity, we examined in guinea pigs the effects of inhaled O(3) (3 ppm for 1 h; 0-24 h after exposure) on 1) reactivity to inhaled methacholine (MCh), 2) reactivity of the isolated, perfused trachea (IPT) to MCh, 3) epithelium-derived relaxing factor (EpDRF)-mediated relaxations of IPT induced by mucosal hyperosmolar solutions, 4) neurogenic contraction and relaxation responses, 5) transepithelial potential difference, and 6) microscopic analysis of nitrotyrosine immunofluorescence, substance P fiber density, and tracheal morphology. At 0 h, O(3) caused hyperreactivity to inhaled MCh and mucosally but not serosally applied MCh in IPT (only in the presence of the epithelium) and a decrease in transepithelial potential difference. Inhibition of EpDRF-induced relaxation responses occurred at 2 h. All of these changes returned to control by 12 to 18 h. O(3) had no effect on neurogenic responses. Nitrotyrosine immunofluorescence appeared in the trachea at 0 h in detached epithelial cell ghosts and in intrapulmonary airways by 6 h. Substance P fiber density was elevated in smooth muscle at 0 and 18 h but not in epithelium or lamina propria of intrapulmonary and extrapulmonary bronchi. Loss of cilia and mucosubstances in the mucosa occurred at 0 h; the epithelium became markedly attenuated over 12 to 24 h. A reversible increase in epithelial permeability and a decrease in EpDRF production may contribute to O(3)-induced hyperreactivity to MCh. JF - The Journal of pharmacology and experimental therapeutics AU - Fedan, J S AU - Millecchia, L L AU - Johnston, R A AU - Rengasamy, A AU - Hubbs, A AU - Dey, R D AU - Yuan, L X AU - Watson, D AU - Goldsmith, W T AU - Reynolds, J S AU - Orsini, L AU - Dortch-Carnes, J AU - Cutler, D AU - Frazer, D G AD - Pathology and Physiology Research Branch, Health Effects Laboratory Division, National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, Morgantown, WV 26505, USA. jsf2@cdc.gov Y1 - 2000/06// PY - 2000 DA - June 2000 SP - 724 EP - 734 VL - 293 IS - 3 SN - 0022-3565, 0022-3565 KW - Methacholine Chloride KW - 0W5ETF9M2K KW - Nitric Oxide KW - 31C4KY9ESH KW - Ozone KW - 66H7ZZK23N KW - Index Medicus KW - Methacholine Chloride -- pharmacology KW - Animals KW - Perfusion KW - Guinea Pigs KW - Dose-Response Relationship, Drug KW - In Vitro Techniques KW - Epithelium -- physiology KW - Male KW - Trachea -- pathology KW - Nitric Oxide -- biosynthesis KW - Trachea -- drug effects KW - Trachea -- physiology KW - Ozone -- toxicity UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/71215318?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Journal+of+pharmacology+and+experimental+therapeutics&rft.atitle=Effect+of+ozone+treatment+on+airway+reactivity+and+epithelium-derived+relaxing+factor+in+guinea+pigs.&rft.au=Fedan%2C+J+S%3BMillecchia%2C+L+L%3BJohnston%2C+R+A%3BRengasamy%2C+A%3BHubbs%2C+A%3BDey%2C+R+D%3BYuan%2C+L+X%3BWatson%2C+D%3BGoldsmith%2C+W+T%3BReynolds%2C+J+S%3BOrsini%2C+L%3BDortch-Carnes%2C+J%3BCutler%2C+D%3BFrazer%2C+D+G&rft.aulast=Fedan&rft.aufirst=J&rft.date=2000-06-01&rft.volume=293&rft.issue=3&rft.spage=724&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=The+Journal+of+pharmacology+and+experimental+therapeutics&rft.issn=00223565&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 2000-07-14 N1 - Date created - 2000-07-14 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Incidence of foodborne illnesses reported by the foodborne diseases active surveillance network (FoodNet)-1997. FoodNet Working Group. AN - 71182580; 10852576 AB - In 1997, the Foodborne Diseases Active Surveillance Program (FoodNet) conducted active surveillance for culture-confirmed cases of Campylobacter, Escherichia coli O157, Listeria, Salmonella, Shigella, Vibrio, Yersinia, Cyclospora, and Cryptosporidium in five Emerging Infections Program sites. FoodNet is a collaborative effort of the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention's National Center for Infectious Diseases, the United States Department of Agriculture's Food Safety and Inspection Service, the Food and Drug Administration's Center for Food Safety and Applied Nutrition, and state health departments in California, Connecticut, Georgia, Minnesota, and Oregon. The population under active surveillance for foodborne infections was approximately 16.1 million persons or roughly 6% of the United States Population. Through weekly or monthly contact with all clinical laboratories in these sites, 8,576 total isolations were recorded: 2,205 cases of salmonellosis, 1,273 cases of shigellosis, 468 cases of cryptosporidiosis, 340 of E. coli O157:H7 infections, 139 of yersiniosis, 77 of listeriosis, 51 of Vibrio infections, and 49 of cyclosporiasis. Results from 1997 demonstrate that while there are regional and seasonal differences in reported incidence rates of certain bacterial and parasitic diseases, and that some pathogens showed a change in incidence from 1996, the overall incidence of illness caused by pathogens under surveillance was stable. More data over more years are needed to assess if observed variations in incidence reflect yearly fluctuations or true changes in the burden of foodborne illness. JF - Journal of food protection AU - Wallace, D J AU - Van Gilder, T AU - Shallow, S AU - Fiorentino, T AU - Segler, S D AU - Smith, K E AU - Shiferaw, B AU - Etzel, R AU - Garthright, W E AU - Angulo, F J AD - Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Division of Bacterial and Mycotic Diseases, National Center for Infectious Disease, Foodborne and Diarrheal Diseases Branch, Atlanta, Georgia 30333 USA. dow4@cdc.gov Y1 - 2000/06// PY - 2000 DA - June 2000 SP - 807 EP - 809 VL - 63 IS - 6 SN - 0362-028X, 0362-028X KW - Index Medicus KW - Animals KW - Listeriosis -- epidemiology KW - Sentinel Surveillance KW - Yersinia Infections -- epidemiology KW - Cryptosporidiosis -- epidemiology KW - Escherichia coli Infections -- epidemiology KW - Coccidiosis -- epidemiology KW - Escherichia coli O157 -- isolation & purification KW - Humans KW - Campylobacter Infections -- epidemiology KW - Salmonella Food Poisoning -- epidemiology KW - Dysentery, Bacillary -- epidemiology KW - Vibrio Infections -- epidemiology KW - Incidence KW - United States -- epidemiology KW - Foodborne Diseases -- epidemiology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/71182580?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+food+protection&rft.atitle=Incidence+of+foodborne+illnesses+reported+by+the+foodborne+diseases+active+surveillance+network+%28FoodNet%29-1997.+FoodNet+Working+Group.&rft.au=Wallace%2C+D+J%3BVan+Gilder%2C+T%3BShallow%2C+S%3BFiorentino%2C+T%3BSegler%2C+S+D%3BSmith%2C+K+E%3BShiferaw%2C+B%3BEtzel%2C+R%3BGarthright%2C+W+E%3BAngulo%2C+F+J&rft.aulast=Wallace&rft.aufirst=D&rft.date=2000-06-01&rft.volume=63&rft.issue=6&rft.spage=807&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+food+protection&rft.issn=0362028X&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 2000-08-10 N1 - Date created - 2000-08-10 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Natural Rubber Latex: Glove Use, Sensitization, and Airborne and Latent Dust Concentrations at a Denver Hospital AN - 17813410; 4847402 AB - Exposure to natural rubber latex may cause immediate hypersensitivity reactions. Published latex sensitization prevalence rates range from 2.9% to 22% among health care workers, and from 0.12% to about 20% of occupationally unexposed populations. In this study, self-administered questionnaires addressed job and personal characteristics, glove use, and symptoms in two groups of hospital workers: those who regularly used latex gloves and those who did not. Serum was tested for latex-specific immunoglobulin E. Air, surface, and air-filter dust samples for natural rubber latex were collected. The prevalence of latex sensitization was 6.3% in the non-users and 6.1% in, the latex glove users (P = 0.9); 81.3% of sensitized workers were atopic compared with 59.5% of non-sensitized workers (P < 0.05). Reporting of work-related hand dermatitis was more common in the latex glove users (23.4%) than in the non-users (4.9%), as were rhino-conjunctivitis (16.3% and 7.9%, respectively, [P < 0.01]), and hand urticaria (9.9% and 2.1%, respectively, [P < 0.01]). There was no significant difference in work-related symptoms between the sensitized and non-sensitized workers. Environmental concentrations of latex were higher in the work areas of the non-sensitized workers, but higher in the clinical than in the non-clinical areas. Occupational latex glove use was not a risk factor for sensitization. JF - Journal of Occupational and Environmental Medicine AU - Page, E H AU - Esswein, E J AU - Petersen, M R AU - Lewis, D M AU - Bledsoe, T A AD - NIOSH, 4676 Columbia Parkway, MS R-10, Cincinnati, OH 45226-1998, USA, edp7@cdc.gov Y1 - 2000/06// PY - 2000 DA - Jun 2000 SP - 613 EP - 620 VL - 42 IS - 6 SN - 1076-2752, 1076-2752 KW - hypersensitivity KW - latex KW - Toxicology Abstracts; Health & Safety Science Abstracts KW - Rubber KW - Latex KW - Particulates KW - Dust KW - Protective clothing KW - Airborne particulates KW - Sensitization KW - Gloves KW - Occupational exposure KW - Hospitals KW - X 24240:Miscellaneous KW - H 1000:Occupational Safety and Health UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/17813410?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxicologyabstracts&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Occupational+and+Environmental+Medicine&rft.atitle=Natural+Rubber+Latex%3A+Glove+Use%2C+Sensitization%2C+and+Airborne+and+Latent+Dust+Concentrations+at+a+Denver+Hospital&rft.au=Page%2C+E+H%3BEsswein%2C+E+J%3BPetersen%2C+M+R%3BLewis%2C+D+M%3BBledsoe%2C+T+A&rft.aulast=Page&rft.aufirst=E&rft.date=2000-06-01&rft.volume=42&rft.issue=6&rft.spage=613&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+Occupational+and+Environmental+Medicine&rft.issn=10762752&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Hospitals; Dust; Particulates; Protective clothing; Occupational exposure; Rubber; Latex; Gloves; Sensitization; Airborne particulates ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Lung function prediction equations derived from healthy South African gold miners AN - 17729715; 4791806 AB - Objectives - To estimate lung function prediction equations and to identify appropriate normal reference values for the population of about 250 000 of South African gold miners. Methods - Data from a lung function screening programme conducted at a large South African gold mine from 1994 to 1998 were used to estimate the lung function prediction equations. The most reliable period of lung function testing was identified in a previous study of a temporal pattern in reliability, and lung function tests from this period were used. Miners with a history of pulmonary tuberculosis or with radiological abnormalities were excluded from the study. The prediction equations were estimated cross sectionally on 15 772 black and 2752 white miners, and published reference equations that fitted most closely the observed data were identified. Results - The estimated prediction equations for forced vital capacity (FVC) are as follows: for black men, FVC (1)=-2.901-0.025xage+4.655xheight; and for white men, FVC(1)=-4.407-0.036xage+5.940xheight. For forced expiratory volume in one second (FEV sub(1)) these equations are: for black men, FEV sub(1)(1)=-1.654- 0.30xage+3.665xheight; and for white men, FEV sub(1)(1)=-2.341- 0.038xage+4.314xheight. Units are years for age and metres for height. Knudson's and the European Community of Coal and Steel (ECCS) reference values provided the closest fit to the data on lung function of white miners, but the lower limits of normal from the ECCS equations were the closest to the observed one sided lower 95% confidence intervals (95% CIs). For black miners, reference equations that fitted best were derived by Louw et al on asymptomatic black South African men unexposed to occupational dust. There were significant differences between the two groups of miners in the estimated height adjusted mean lung function values for a 40 year old 1.7 m tall man (220 ml (5.2%) for FVC and 110 ml (3.2%) for FEV sub(1)); white men had higher FVC and FEV sub(1), but lower FEV sub(1)/FVC ratio. The ECCS reference values scaled by a conversion factor of 0.93 for the FVC and 0.95 for the FEV sub(1) provided close fits to the data for black miners, but the rate of decline with age was higher than that in the observed data. None of the linear equations provided a good fit for the 20-29 and more than 55 years old age categories. Conclusion - The ECCS and Knudson equations provided the best fit to the data for white miners, whereas the equations by Louw et al estimated on asymptomatic black South African bank workers provided the best fit to the data for black miners. The ECCS reference values scaled by a factor of 0.93 for FVC and by 0.95 for FEV sub(1) provided close fits, but the rate of decline with age was higher than that in the data for black miners. JF - Occupational and Environmental Medicine AU - Hnizdo, E AU - Churchyard, G AU - Dowdeswel, R AD - National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, 1095 Willowdale Rd, MS 2800, Morgantown, WV 26505, USA, exhb@cdc.gov Y1 - 2000/06// PY - 2000 DA - Jun 2000 SP - 698 EP - 705 VL - 57 IS - 10 SN - 1351-0711, 1351-0711 KW - South Africa KW - Health & Safety Science Abstracts; Pollution Abstracts KW - Dust KW - Gold KW - Mining KW - Respiratory function KW - Occupational exposure KW - H 1000:Occupational Safety and Health KW - P 6000:TOXICOLOGY AND HEALTH UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/17729715?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Apollution&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Occupational+and+Environmental+Medicine&rft.atitle=Lung+function+prediction+equations+derived+from+healthy+South+African+gold+miners&rft.au=Hnizdo%2C+E%3BChurchyard%2C+G%3BDowdeswel%2C+R&rft.aulast=Hnizdo&rft.aufirst=E&rft.date=2000-06-01&rft.volume=57&rft.issue=10&rft.spage=698&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Occupational+and+Environmental+Medicine&rft.issn=13510711&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Respiratory function; Gold; Mining; Occupational exposure; Dust ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Estimating Factors to Convert Chinese 'Total Dust' Measurements to ACGIH Respirable Concentrations in Metal Mines and Pottery Industries AN - 17608718; 4742104 AB - Historical data on the dust exposures of Chinese workers in metal mines (iron/copper, tin, tungsten) and pottery industries are being used in an ongoing joint Chinese/United States epidemiological study to investigate the exposure-response relationship for the development of silicosis, lung cancer, and other diseases. The historical data include 'total dust' concentrations determined by a Chinese method. Information about particle size distribution and the chemical and mineralogical content of airborne particles is generally not available. In addition, the historical Chinese sampling strategy is different from a typical American eight-hour time-weighted average (TWA) sampling strategy, because the Chinese samples were collected for approximately 15 minutes during production so the sample could be compared to their maximum allowable concentration (MAC) standard. Therefore, in order to assess American respirable dust exposure standards in light of the Chinese experience, factors are needed to convert historical Chinese total dust concentrations to respirable dust concentrations. As a part of the joint study to estimate the conversion factors, airborne dust samples were collected in 20 metal mines and 9 pottery factories in China during 1988 and 1989 using three different samplers: 10 mm nylon cyclones, multi-stage 'cassette' impactors, and the traditional Chinese total dust samplers. More than 100 samples were collected and analysed for each of the three samplers. The study yielded two different estimates of the conversion factor from the Chinese total dust concentrations (measured during production processes) to respirable dust concentrations. The multivariate analysis of variance (MANOVA) reveals that, with a fixed sampling/analysis method, conversion factors were not statistically different among the different job titles within each industry. It also indicates that conversion factors among the industries were not statistically different. However, the two estimates consistently showed that conversion factors were the lowest in the pottery industry. Average conversion factors were then calculated for each of the estimates across the industries studied. A pooled mean conversion factor, 0.25 plus or minus 0.04, was then derived for all the job titles and industries. Respirable dust levels were estimated from the historical 'total dust' concentrations collected between 1952 and 1992 by adopting the American standard. JF - Annals of Occupational Hygiene AU - Gao, Pengfei AU - Chen, B T AU - Hearl, F J AU - McCawley, MA AU - Schwerha, D J AU - Odencrantz, J AU - Chen, Weihong AU - Chen, Jingqiong AU - Soderholm, S C AD - National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, U.S. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, 1095 Willowdale Road, Morgantown, WV 26505, USA, pcg9@cdc.gov Y1 - 2000/06// PY - 2000 DA - Jun 2000 SP - 251 EP - 257 VL - 44 IS - 4 SN - 0003-4878, 0003-4878 KW - China KW - Pollution Abstracts; Health & Safety Science Abstracts KW - Risk assessment KW - Inhalation KW - Dust KW - Silicosis KW - Dose-response effects KW - Occupational exposure KW - Lung cancer KW - Mining KW - H 1000:Occupational Safety and Health KW - P 6000:TOXICOLOGY AND HEALTH UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/17608718?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Apollution&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Annals+of+Occupational+Hygiene&rft.atitle=Estimating+Factors+to+Convert+Chinese+%27Total+Dust%27+Measurements+to+ACGIH+Respirable+Concentrations+in+Metal+Mines+and+Pottery+Industries&rft.au=Gao%2C+Pengfei%3BChen%2C+B+T%3BHearl%2C+F+J%3BMcCawley%2C+MA%3BSchwerha%2C+D+J%3BOdencrantz%2C+J%3BChen%2C+Weihong%3BChen%2C+Jingqiong%3BSoderholm%2C+S+C&rft.aulast=Gao&rft.aufirst=Pengfei&rft.date=2000-06-01&rft.volume=44&rft.issue=4&rft.spage=251&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Annals+of+Occupational+Hygiene&rft.issn=00034878&rft_id=info:doi/10.1016%2FS0003-4878%2899%2900103-9 LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Occupational exposure; Dust; Inhalation; Dose-response effects; Risk assessment; Mining; Lung cancer; Silicosis DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0003-4878(99)00103-9 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Comparison of a new colorimetric assay with the NCCLS broth microdilution method (M-27A) for antifungal drug MIC determination AN - 17551617; 4734245 AB - We evaluated a new microtiter assay for antifungal susceptibility testing based on a colorimetric reaction to monitor fungal substrate utilization. This new method (rapid susceptibility assay [RSA]) provides quantitative endpoint readings in less than 8 h compared with visual determination of MIC by the National Committee for Clinical Laboratory Standards (NCCLS) broth microdilution method, which requires a minimum of 48 h of incubation. In this study, we tested clinical isolates from each of the following species: Candida albicans (20 isolates), C. glabrata (20 isolates), C. krusei (19 isolates), C. tropicalis (19 isolates), and C. parapsilosis (28 isolates). RSA and NCCLS broth dilution methods were used to determine the MICs of amphotericin B, fluconazole, itraconazole, and 5-flucytosine for all 106 isolates. RPMI 1640 medium buffered with morpholinopropanesulfonic acid was used for both methods; however, glucose and inoculum concentrations in the RSA were modified. RSA MICs were determined as the lowest drug concentration that prevented glucose consumption by the organism after 6 h of incubation. MICs obtained from the RSA were compared with those obtained from the NCCLS M-27A method read at 24 and 48 h. MIC pairs were considered in agreement when the difference between the pairs was within 2 twofold dilutions. For the 106 isolates tested, amphotericin B and 5-flucytosine demonstrated the highest agreement in MICs between the two methods (100 and 98%, respectively), whereas fluconazole and itraconazole produced less favorable MIC agreement (63.2 and 61.3%, respectively). The azole MIC differences between the two methods were significantly reduced when lower inocula were used with a prolonged incubation time. This preliminary comparison suggests that this rapid procedure may be a reliable tool for the in vitro determination of MICs of amphotericin B and 5-flucytosine and warrants further evaluation. JF - Journal of Clinical Microbiology AU - Li, R K AU - Elie, C M AU - Clayton, GE AU - Ciblak, MA AD - Mycotic Diseases Branch, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, 1600 Clifton Rd., N.E., Mailstop G-11, Atlanta, GA 30333, USA, rhl9@cdc.gov Y1 - 2000/06// PY - 2000 DA - Jun 2000 SP - 2334 EP - 2338 VL - 38 IS - 6 SN - 0095-1137, 0095-1137 KW - Microbiology Abstracts A: Industrial & Applied Microbiology; Microbiology Abstracts C: Algology, Mycology & Protozoology KW - Antifungal agents KW - Drug sensitivity testing KW - Colorimetry KW - flucytosine KW - fluconazole KW - Candida parapsilosis KW - itraconazole KW - Amphotericin B KW - Candida glabrata KW - Candida albicans KW - Minimum inhibitory concentration KW - Candida krusei KW - Candida tropicalis KW - A 01067:Antifungal & fungicidal KW - K 03063:Effects of physical & chemical factors UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/17551617?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologya&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Clinical+Microbiology&rft.atitle=Comparison+of+a+new+colorimetric+assay+with+the+NCCLS+broth+microdilution+method+%28M-27A%29+for+antifungal+drug+MIC+determination&rft.au=Li%2C+R+K%3BElie%2C+C+M%3BClayton%2C+GE%3BCiblak%2C+MA&rft.aulast=Li&rft.aufirst=R&rft.date=2000-06-01&rft.volume=38&rft.issue=6&rft.spage=2334&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+Clinical+Microbiology&rft.issn=00951137&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Candida albicans; Candida glabrata; Candida krusei; Candida tropicalis; Candida parapsilosis; Antifungal agents; Amphotericin B; fluconazole; itraconazole; flucytosine; Drug sensitivity testing; Minimum inhibitory concentration; Colorimetry ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Comparative evaluation of PASCO and National Committee for Clinical Laboratory Standards M27-A broth microdilution methods for antifungal drug susceptibility testing of yeasts AN - 17551581; 4734232 AB - The PASCO antifungal susceptibility test system, developed in collaboration with a commercial company, is a broth microdilution assay which is faster and easier to use than the reference broth microdilution test performed according to the National Committee for Clinical Laboratory Standards (NCCLS) document M27-A guidelines. Advantages of the PASCO system include the system's inclusion of quality-controlled, premade antifungal panels containing 10, twofold serial dilutions of drugs and a one-step inoculation system whereby all wells are simultaneously inoculated in a single step. For the prototype panel, we chose eight antifungal agents for in vitro testing (amphotericin B, flucytosine, fluconazole, ketoconazole, itraconazole, clotrimazole, miconazole, and terconazole) and compared the results with those of the NCCLS method for testing 74 yeast isolates (14 Candida albicans, 10 Candida glabrata, 10 Candida tropicalis, 10 Candida krusei, 10 Candida dubliniensis, 10 Candida parapsilosis, and 10 Cryptococcus neoformans isolates). The overall agreements between the methods were 91% for fluconazole, 89% for amphotericin B and ketoconazole, 85% for itraconazole, 80% for flucytosine, 77% for terconazole, 66% for miconazole, and 53% for clotrimazole. In contrast to the M27-A reference method, the PASCO method classified as resistant seven itraconazole-susceptible isolates (9%), two fluconazole-susceptible isolates (3%), and three flucytosine-susceptible isolates (4%), representing 12 major errors. In addition, it classified two fluconazole-resistant isolates (3%) and one flucytosine-resistant isolate (1%) as susceptible, representing three very major errors. Overall, the agreement between the methods was greater than or equal to 80% for four of the seven species tested (C. dubliniensis, C. glabrata, C. krusei, and C. neoformans). The lowest agreement between methods was observed for miconazole and clotrimazole and for C. krusei isolates tested against terconazole. When the data for miconazole and clotrimazole were removed from the analysis, agreement was greater than or equal to 80% for all seven species tested. Therefore, the PASCO method is a suitable alternative procedure for the testing of the antifungal susceptibilities of the medically important Candida spp. and C. neoformans against a range of antifungal agents with the exceptions only of miconazole and clotrimazole and of terconazole against C. krusei isolates. JF - Journal of Clinical Microbiology AU - Arthington-Skaggs, BA AU - Motley, M AU - Warnock, D W AU - Morrison, C J AD - Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, 1600 Clifton Rd. NE, Mailstop G-11, Atlanta, GA 30333, USA, cjm3@cdc.gov Y1 - 2000/06// PY - 2000 DA - Jun 2000 SP - 2254 EP - 2260 VL - 38 IS - 6 SN - 0095-1137, 0095-1137 KW - clotrimazole KW - Microbiology Abstracts A: Industrial & Applied Microbiology; Microbiology Abstracts C: Algology, Mycology & Protozoology KW - Antifungal agents KW - Drug sensitivity testing KW - flucytosine KW - fluconazole KW - Cryptococcus neoformans KW - Candida parapsilosis KW - itraconazole KW - Amphotericin B KW - ketoconazole KW - Candida glabrata KW - Candida albicans KW - Candida dubliniensis KW - Quality control KW - Candida krusei KW - Standards KW - Candida tropicalis KW - A 01067:Antifungal & fungicidal KW - K 03063:Effects of physical & chemical factors KW - A 01073:Quality control UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/17551581?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologya&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Clinical+Microbiology&rft.atitle=Comparative+evaluation+of+PASCO+and+National+Committee+for+Clinical+Laboratory+Standards+M27-A+broth+microdilution+methods+for+antifungal+drug+susceptibility+testing+of+yeasts&rft.au=Arthington-Skaggs%2C+BA%3BMotley%2C+M%3BWarnock%2C+D+W%3BMorrison%2C+C+J&rft.aulast=Arthington-Skaggs&rft.aufirst=BA&rft.date=2000-06-01&rft.volume=38&rft.issue=6&rft.spage=2254&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+Clinical+Microbiology&rft.issn=00951137&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Candida albicans; Candida glabrata; Candida tropicalis; Candida krusei; Candida dubliniensis; Candida parapsilosis; Cryptococcus neoformans; Standards; Quality control; Antifungal agents; Drug sensitivity testing; Amphotericin B; flucytosine; fluconazole; ketoconazole; itraconazole ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Comparison of three commercial rapid identification systems for the unusual gram-positive cocci Dolosigranulum pigrum, Ignavigranum ruoffiae, and Facklamia species AN - 17549036; 4734198 AB - We evaluated three rapid identification systems - The Biomerieux rapid ID 32 STREP (ID32), the BBL Crystal rapid gram-positive identification (Crystal), and the Remel IDS RapID STR (IDS) systems - for their ability to identify 7 strains of Alloiococcus otitidis, 27 strains of Dolosigranulum pigrum, 3 strains of Ignavigranum ruoffiae, and 18 strains of 4 different Facklamia species. Since none of these six species of gram-positive cocci are included in the identification databases for these systems, the correct identification for the strains tested should be 'unacceptable ID' for the ID32 and Crystal systems or 'no choice' for the IDS system. The ID32 system identified all 27 strains of D. pigrum, 6 of 18 Facklamia species, and 2 of 3 cultures of I. ruoffiae as 'unacceptable ID.' The Crystal system identified 10 of 27 D. pigrum, 2 of 18 Facklamia species, and 2 of 3 I. ruoffiae strains as 'unacceptable ID.' The IDS system identified only 1 culture of D. pigrum as 'no choice,' but it also identified 2 cultures of D. pigrum as a 'questionable microcode' and 19 cultures of D. pigrum as an 'inadequate ID, E. faecalis 90%, S. intermedius 9%.' A total of 2 of the 18 cultures of Facklamia and all 3 of the I. ruoffiae cultures were correctly identified as 'no choice.' The most common misidentifications of Facklamia species by the ID32 and IDS systems were as various Streptococcus species and as Gemella species. In the Crystal system, the most common erroneous identification was Micrococcus luteus. These data indicate the need for the commercial manufacturers of these products to update their databases to include newly described species of gram-positive cocci. JF - Journal of Clinical Microbiology AU - LaClaire, L L AU - Facklam, R R AD - Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, National Center for Infectious Diseases, Division of Bacterial and Mycotic Diseases, Respiratory Diseases Branch, Mail-stop C-02, Atlanta, GA 30333, USA, rrf2@cdc.gov Y1 - 2000/06// PY - 2000 DA - Jun 2000 SP - 2037 EP - 2042 VL - 38 IS - 6 SN - 0095-1137, 0095-1137 KW - Microbiology Abstracts A: Industrial & Applied Microbiology; Microbiology Abstracts B: Bacteriology KW - Dolosigranulum pigrum KW - Facklamia KW - Ignavigranum ruoffiae KW - Phenotypes KW - Databases KW - Gram-positive cocci KW - A 01116:Bacteria KW - J 02704:Enumeration UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/17549036?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologyb&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Clinical+Microbiology&rft.atitle=Comparison+of+three+commercial+rapid+identification+systems+for+the+unusual+gram-positive+cocci+Dolosigranulum+pigrum%2C+Ignavigranum+ruoffiae%2C+and+Facklamia+species&rft.au=LaClaire%2C+L+L%3BFacklam%2C+R+R&rft.aulast=LaClaire&rft.aufirst=L&rft.date=2000-06-01&rft.volume=38&rft.issue=6&rft.spage=2037&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+Clinical+Microbiology&rft.issn=00951137&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Dolosigranulum pigrum; Ignavigranum ruoffiae; Facklamia; Gram-positive cocci; Phenotypes; Databases ER - TY - JOUR T1 - A survey of stool culturing practices for Vibrio species at clinical laboratories in Gulf Coast states AN - 17549001; 4734234 AB - Non-cholera Vibrio infections are an important public health problem. Non-cholera Vibrio species usually cause sporadic infections, often in coastal states, and have also caused several recent nationwide outbreaks of gastroenteritis in the United States. We report a survey of laboratory stool culturing practices for Vibrio among randomly selected clinical laboratories in Gulf Coast states (Alabama, Florida, Louisiana, Mississippi, and Texas). Interviews conducted with the microbiology supervisors of 201 clinical laboratories found that 164 (82%) received stool specimens for culture. Of these, 102 (62%) of 164 processed stool specimens on site, and 20 (20%) of these 102 laboratories cultured all stool specimens for Vibrio, indicating that at least 34,463 (22%) of 152,797 stool specimens were cultured for Vibrio. This survey suggests that despite an increased incidence of non-cholera Vibrio infections in Gulf Coast states, a low percentage of clinical laboratories routinely screen all stool specimens, and fewer than 25% of stool specimens collected are routinely screened for non-cholera Vibrio. JF - Journal of Clinical Microbiology AU - Marano, N N AU - Daniels, NA AU - Easton, AN AU - McShan, A AU - Ray, B AU - Wells, J G AU - Griffin, P M AU - Angulo, F J AD - Meningitis and Special Pathogens Branch, Division of Bacterial and Mycotic Diseases, National Center for Infectious Diseases, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, 1600 Clifton Rd., MS-CO9, Atlanta, GA 30333, USA, nbm8@cdc.gov Y1 - 2000/06// PY - 2000 DA - Jun 2000 SP - 2267 EP - 2270 VL - 38 IS - 6 SN - 0095-1137, 0095-1137 KW - USA, Gulf Coast KW - Microbiology Abstracts A: Industrial & Applied Microbiology; Microbiology Abstracts B: Bacteriology KW - Culture KW - Vibrio KW - Surveys KW - Feces KW - A 01116:Bacteria KW - J 02846:Gastrointestinal tract UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/17549001?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologyb&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Clinical+Microbiology&rft.atitle=A+survey+of+stool+culturing+practices+for+Vibrio+species+at+clinical+laboratories+in+Gulf+Coast+states&rft.au=Marano%2C+N+N%3BDaniels%2C+NA%3BEaston%2C+AN%3BMcShan%2C+A%3BRay%2C+B%3BWells%2C+J+G%3BGriffin%2C+P+M%3BAngulo%2C+F+J&rft.aulast=Marano&rft.aufirst=N&rft.date=2000-06-01&rft.volume=38&rft.issue=6&rft.spage=2267&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+Clinical+Microbiology&rft.issn=00951137&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Vibrio; Feces; Culture; Surveys ER - TY - JOUR T1 - An analytical model applied to a multicenter pneumococcal enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay study AN - 17548125; 4734199 AB - Pneumococcal conjugate vaccines will eventually be licensed after favorable results from phase III efficacy trials. After licensure of a conjugate vaccine for invasive pneumococcal disease in infants, new conjugate vaccines will likely be licensed primarily on the basis of immunogenicity data rather than clinical efficacy. Analytical methods must therefore be developed, evaluated, and validated to compare immunogenicity results accurately within and between laboratories for different vaccines. At present no analytical technique is uniformly accepted and used in vaccine evaluation studies to determine the acceptable level of agreement between a laboratory result and the assigned value for a given serum sample. This multicenter study describes the magnitude of agreement among 12 laboratories quantifying an identical series of 48 pneumococcal serum specimens from 24 individuals (quality-control sera) by a consensus immunoglobulin G (IgG) enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) developed for this study. After provisional or trial antibody concentrations were assigned to the quality-control serum samples for this study, four methods for comparison of a series of laboratory-determined values with the assigned concentrations were evaluated. The percent error between assigned values and laboratory-determined concentrations proved to be the most informative of the four methods. We present guidelines that a laboratory may follow to analyze a series of quality-control sera to determine if it can reproduce the assigned antibody concentrations within an acceptable level of tolerance. While this study focused on a pneumococcal IgG ELISA, the methods that we describe are easily generalizable to other immunological assays. JF - Journal of Clinical Microbiology AU - Plikaytis, B D AU - Goldblatt, D AU - Frasch, CE AU - Blondeau, C AU - Bybel, MJ AU - Giebink, G S AU - Jonsdottir, I AU - Kayhty, H AU - Konradsen, H B AU - Madore, D V AU - Nahm, M H AU - Schulman, CA AU - Holder, P F AU - Lezhava, T AD - Division of Bacterial and Mycotic Diseases/NCID, Mailstop C09, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA 30333, USA, bdp1@cdc.gov Y1 - 2000/06// PY - 2000 DA - Jun 2000 SP - 2043 EP - 2050 VL - 38 IS - 6 SN - 0095-1137, 0095-1137 KW - Microbiology Abstracts B: Bacteriology; Microbiology Abstracts A: Industrial & Applied Microbiology KW - Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay KW - Streptococcus pneumoniae KW - Serum KW - Quality control KW - Quantitation KW - Immunoglobulins KW - J 02831:Techniques and reagents KW - A 01073:Quality control UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/17548125?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologyb&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Clinical+Microbiology&rft.atitle=An+analytical+model+applied+to+a+multicenter+pneumococcal+enzyme-linked+immunosorbent+assay+study&rft.au=Plikaytis%2C+B+D%3BGoldblatt%2C+D%3BFrasch%2C+CE%3BBlondeau%2C+C%3BBybel%2C+MJ%3BGiebink%2C+G+S%3BJonsdottir%2C+I%3BKayhty%2C+H%3BKonradsen%2C+H+B%3BMadore%2C+D+V%3BNahm%2C+M+H%3BSchulman%2C+CA%3BHolder%2C+P+F%3BLezhava%2C+T&rft.aulast=Plikaytis&rft.aufirst=B&rft.date=2000-06-01&rft.volume=38&rft.issue=6&rft.spage=2043&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+Clinical+Microbiology&rft.issn=00951137&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Streptococcus pneumoniae; Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay; Serum; Immunoglobulins; Quality control; Quantitation ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Comparison of serologic assays and PCR for diagnosis of human herpesvirus 8 infection AN - 17547857; 4734219 AB - A variety of assays for the diagnosis human herpesvirus 8 (HHV-8) infection have been reported. We compared several such assays with a panel of 88 specimens from human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-infected patients with Kaposi's sarcoma (KS) (current-KS patients; n = 30), HIV-infected patients who later developed KS (later-KS patients; n = 13), HIV-infected patients without KS (no-KS patients; n = 25), and healthy blood donors (n = 20). PCR assays were also performed with purified peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) to confirm positive serologic test results. The order of sensitivity of the serologic assays (most to least) in detecting HHV-8 infection in current-KS patients was the mouse monoclonal antibody-enhanced immunofluorescence assay (MIFA) for lytic antigen (97%), the orfK8.1 peptide enzyme immunoassay (EIA) (87%), the orf65 peptide EIA (87%), MIFA for latent antigen (83%), the Advanced Biotechnologies, Inc., EIA (80%), and the orf65 immunoblot assay (80%). Combination of the results of the two peptide EIAs (combined peptide EIAs) increased the sensitivity to 93%. For detection of infection in later-KS patients, the MIFA for lytic antigen (100%), the orfK8.1 peptide EIA (85%), and combined peptide EIAs (92%) were the most sensitive. Smaller percentages of no-KS patients were found to be positive (16 to 56%). Most positive specimens from the current-KS and later-KS groups were positive by multiple assays, while positive specimens from the no-KS group tended to be positive only by a single assay. PCR with PBMCs for portions of the HHV-8 orf65 and gB genes were positive for less than half of current-KS and later-KS patients and even fewer of the no-KS patients. The concordance between serologic assays was high. We propose screening by the combined peptide EIAs. For specimens that test weakly positive, we recommend that MIFA for lytic antigen be done. A positive result with a titer of greater than or equal to 1:40 would be called HHV-8 positive. A negative or low titer would be called HHV-8 negative. If a population has a high percentage of persons who test positive by the combined peptide EIAs, then a MIFA could be performed with the negative specimens to determine if any positive specimens are being missed. Alternatively, if a population has a low percentage that test positive, then a MIFA could be performed with a subset of the negative specimens for the same reason. As described above, only a titer of greater than or equal to 1:40 would be considered HHV-8 positive. JF - Journal of Clinical Microbiology AU - Spira, T J AU - Lam, L AU - Dollard, S C AU - Meng, Y-X AU - Pau, C P AU - Black, J B AU - Burns, D AU - Cooper, B AU - Hamid, M AU - Huong, J AU - Kite-Powell, K AU - Pellett, P E AD - Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, 1600 Clifton Rd., A25, Atlanta, GA 30333, USA, tjs1@cdc.gov Y1 - 2000/06// PY - 2000 DA - Jun 2000 SP - 2174 EP - 2180 VL - 38 IS - 6 SN - 0095-1137, 0095-1137 KW - HIV KW - double prime gB gene KW - orf65 gene KW - Microbiology Abstracts A: Industrial & Applied Microbiology; Virology & AIDS Abstracts KW - gB gene KW - ^AgB gene KW - Immunoblotting KW - Blood donors KW - Acquired immune deficiency syndrome KW - Human herpesvirus 8 KW - Immunofluorescence KW - Diagnostic agents KW - Enzyme immunoassay KW - Kaposi's sarcoma KW - Human immunodeficiency virus KW - Polymerase chain reaction KW - A 01114:Viruses KW - V 22004:AIDS: Clinical aspects UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/17547857?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologya&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Clinical+Microbiology&rft.atitle=Comparison+of+serologic+assays+and+PCR+for+diagnosis+of+human+herpesvirus+8+infection&rft.au=Spira%2C+T+J%3BLam%2C+L%3BDollard%2C+S+C%3BMeng%2C+Y-X%3BPau%2C+C+P%3BBlack%2C+J+B%3BBurns%2C+D%3BCooper%2C+B%3BHamid%2C+M%3BHuong%2C+J%3BKite-Powell%2C+K%3BPellett%2C+P+E&rft.aulast=Spira&rft.aufirst=T&rft.date=2000-06-01&rft.volume=38&rft.issue=6&rft.spage=2174&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+Clinical+Microbiology&rft.issn=00951137&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Human immunodeficiency virus; Human herpesvirus 8; Diagnostic agents; Acquired immune deficiency syndrome; Kaposi's sarcoma; Blood donors; Immunofluorescence; Enzyme immunoassay; Immunoblotting; Polymerase chain reaction ER - TY - JOUR T1 - In Vitro Activities of Voriconazole, Itraconazole, and Amphotericin B against Blastomyces dermatitidis, Coccidioides immitis, and Histoplasma capsulatum AN - 17541352; 4719946 AB - The in vitro activity of voriconazole was compared to those of itraconazole and amphotericin B against the mold forms of 304 isolates of three dimorphic fungi, Blastomyces dermatitidis, Coccidioides immitis, and Histoplasma capsulatum. MICs were determined by a broth microdilution adaptation of the National Committee for Clinical Laboratory Standards M27-A procedure. RPMI 1640 medium was used for tests with voriconazole and itraconazole, whereas Antibiotic Medium 3 with 2% glucose was used for amphotericin B. Minimum fungicidal concentrations (MFCs) were also determined. Amphotericin B was active against all three dimorphic fungi, with MICs at which 90% of the isolates tested are inhibited (MIC sub(90)s) of 0.5 to 1 mu g/ml. Itraconazole had MIC sub(90)s of 0.06 mu g/ml for H. capsulatum, 0.125 mu g/ml for B. dermatitidis, and 1 mu g/ml for C. immitis. The MIC sub(90)s of voriconazole were 0.25 mu g/ml for all three fungi. Amphotericin B was fungicidal for B. dermatitidis and H. capsulatum with MFCs at which 90% of strains tested are killed (MFC sub(90)s) of 0.5 and 2 mu g/ml, respectively. It was less active against C. immitis, with MFCs ranging from 0.5 to > 16 mu g/ml. Voriconazole and itraconazole were lethal for most isolates of B. dermatitidis, with MFC sub(50)s and MFC sub(90)s of 0.125 and 4 mu g/ml, respectively. Both azoles were fungicidal for some isolates of H. capsulatum, with MFC sub(50)s of 2 and 8 mu g/ml for itraconazole and voriconazole, respectively; neither had a lethal effect upon C. immitis. Our results suggest that voriconazole possesses promising activity against these important human pathogens. JF - Antimicrobial Agents & Chemotherapy AU - Li, Ren-Kai AU - Ciblak, MA AU - Nordoff, N AU - Pasarell, L AU - Warnock, D W AU - McGinnis, M R AD - Mycotic Diseases Branch, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, 1600 Clifton Rd., N.E., Mailstop C-09, Atlanta, GA 30333, USA, dsw8@cdc.gov Y1 - 2000/06// PY - 2000 DA - Jun 2000 SP - 1734 EP - 1736 PB - American Society for Microbiology VL - 44 IS - 6 SN - 0066-4804, 0066-4804 KW - voriconazole KW - Microbiology Abstracts C: Algology, Mycology & Protozoology; Microbiology Abstracts A: Industrial & Applied Microbiology KW - Amphotericin B KW - Antifungal agents KW - Blastomyces dermatitidis KW - Pathogens KW - Histoplasma capsulatum KW - Coccidioides immitis KW - itraconazole KW - A 01067:Antifungal & fungicidal KW - K 03063:Effects of physical & chemical factors UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/17541352?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologya&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Antimicrobial+Agents+%26+Chemotherapy&rft.atitle=In+Vitro+Activities+of+Voriconazole%2C+Itraconazole%2C+and+Amphotericin+B+against+Blastomyces+dermatitidis%2C+Coccidioides+immitis%2C+and+Histoplasma+capsulatum&rft.au=Li%2C+Ren-Kai%3BCiblak%2C+MA%3BNordoff%2C+N%3BPasarell%2C+L%3BWarnock%2C+D+W%3BMcGinnis%2C+M+R&rft.aulast=Li&rft.aufirst=Ren-Kai&rft.date=2000-06-01&rft.volume=44&rft.issue=6&rft.spage=1734&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Antimicrobial+Agents+%26+Chemotherapy&rft.issn=00664804&rft_id=info:doi/10.1128%2FAAC.44.6.1734-1736.2000 LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Blastomyces dermatitidis; Coccidioides immitis; Histoplasma capsulatum; Amphotericin B; itraconazole; Pathogens; Antifungal agents DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/AAC.44.6.1734-1736.2000 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Mortality among rubber chemical manufacturing workers AN - 17539405; 4726223 AB - A retrospective cohort mortality study evaluated ischemic heart disease (IHD) among workers in the "rubber chemicals" manufacturing department of a Western New York plant. A previous study at the plant found elevated chest pain and angina among workers in this department. Mortality experience of workers employed from 1946-1988 was followed through December 31, 1994. Mortality was compared to U.S. population rates and to local Niagara county rates by using the NIOSH life table analysis system. Poisson regression was used to examine patterns of IHD within the cohort. The standardized mortality ratio (SMR) for IHD among workers in the rubber chemicals department was 1.51 (U.S. rates) and 1.19 (Niagara county rates). Increased mortality from IHD in the rubber chemicals department was most pronounced at younger ages (< 50, SMR = 2.4); workers in a second chemical production department also had an elevated (but not statistically significant) SMR of 1.5 for IHD. IHD mortality among workers in the rubber chemicals department was elevated, particularly among those under 50 years of age. Potential occupational risk factors for IHD include the rotating shift pattern for employees assigned to two chemical production departments and chemical exposures present in the rubber chemicals department. JF - American Journal of Industrial Medicine AU - Prince, M M AU - Ward, E M AU - Ruder, A M AU - Salvan, A AU - Roberts AD - National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH), Division of Surveillance, Hazard Evaluation, and Field Studies, Industrywide Studies Branch, 4676 Columbia Parkway, Cincinnati, OH, USA, mmp3@cdc.gov Y1 - 2000/06// PY - 2000 DA - Jun 2000 SP - 590 EP - 598 VL - 37 IS - 6 SN - 0271-3586, 0271-3586 KW - ischemia KW - Health & Safety Science Abstracts; Risk Abstracts KW - Chemicals KW - Mortality KW - Cardiovascular diseases KW - Occupational exposure KW - Rubber products KW - R2 23080:Industrial and labor KW - H 1000:Occupational Safety and Health UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/17539405?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Ariskabstracts&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=American+Journal+of+Industrial+Medicine&rft.atitle=Mortality+among+rubber+chemical+manufacturing+workers&rft.au=Prince%2C+M+M%3BWard%2C+E+M%3BRuder%2C+A+M%3BSalvan%2C+A%3BRoberts&rft.aulast=Prince&rft.aufirst=M&rft.date=2000-06-01&rft.volume=37&rft.issue=6&rft.spage=590&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=American+Journal+of+Industrial+Medicine&rft.issn=02713586&rft_id=info:doi/10.1002%2F%28SICI%291097-0274%28200006%2937%3A63.0.CO%3B2-8 LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Occupational exposure; Mortality; Cardiovascular diseases; Rubber products; Chemicals DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/(SICI)1097-0274(200006)37:6<590::AID-AJIM3>3.0.CO;2-8 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - HIV-1 prevalence, HIV-1 subtypes and risk factors among fishermen in the Gulf of Thailand and the Andaman Sea AN - 17548954; 4731168 AB - Objective: Mobile populations are thought to be at high risk for HIV-1 infection. This study aims to determine the prevalence of HIV-1 infection, HIV-1 subtypes and sociodemographic and behavioural risk factors among fishermen in the Gulf of Thailand and the Andaman Sea. Methods: A cross-sectional survey, consisting of face-to-face interviews and the collection of oral fluid samples, was conducted in Samut Sakorn, Ranong, Songkhla and Traat Provinces, Thailand, between January and April 1998. Oral fluid samples were double-tested for HIV-1 antibody by IgG antibody capture enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay and enzyme immunoassay, and confirmed by Western blot. The presence of subtypes B' and E was assessed using a peptide enzyme immunoassay. Results: Of the 818 fishermen (582 Thai, 137 Burmese, 99 Khmer) 15.5% were HIV-1 positive: 14.6% among Thai, 16.1% among Burmese and 20.2% among Khmer. Of the 119 HIV-1 positive samples available for subtyping, 72 (61%) were subtype E, 15 (13%) were subtype B'; the subtype could not be determined for 32 (27%) samples. Sixteen per cent of subjects had ever visited a commercial sex worker outside Thailand. This behaviour was more prevalent among Khmer (40%) than among Thai and Burmese (12%). In univariate logistic regression analysis, being 25 to 32 years of age, compared with being older or younger; working as a fisherman between 4 and 10 years, compared with working for a shorter or longer period; being unmarried; being a steersman or mechanic, compared with being a skipper or ship hand; greater number of visits to commercial sex workers; having visited a commercial sex worker outside Thailand; alcohol or drug use before or during sex; being tattooed; and having a history of sexually transmitted disease were significantly related to prevalent HIV-1 infection. Male-to-male sex and injection drug use were rarely reported in this population. In multivariate analysis, being 25 to 32 years of age, being unmarried, having a tattoo and a greater number of visits to commercial sex workers remained in the model to predict HIV-1 prevalence. A history of drug injection was predictive for infection with HIV-1 subtype B'. Conclusions: These findings indicate a high HIV-1 prevalence among fishermen in the Gulf of Thailand and the Andaman Sea. Risk factor analysis suggests that heterosexual intercourse is the major mode of transmission in this population. Increased efforts to reduce the spread of HIV-1 among this epidemiologically important group are urgently needed. JF - AIDS AU - Entz, A T AU - Ruffolo, V P AU - Chinveschakitvanich, V AU - Soskolne, V AU - Van Griensven, GJP AD - HIV/AIDS Collaboration, DMS Building 6, Ministry of Public Health, Nonthaburi 11000, Thailand, fav1@cdc.gov Y1 - 2000/05/26/ PY - 2000 DA - 2000 May 26 SP - 1027 EP - 1034 VL - 14 IS - 8 SN - 0269-9370, 0269-9370 KW - HIV-1 KW - Andaman Sea KW - Thailand KW - Thailand Gulf KW - disease transmission KW - drug abuse KW - prostitution KW - sexual behavior KW - Risk Abstracts; Health & Safety Science Abstracts; Virology & AIDS Abstracts KW - Risk assessment KW - Alcohol KW - Transmission (sexual) KW - Prostitution KW - Disease transmission KW - Commercial fishing KW - Human immunodeficiency virus KW - Human immunodeficiency virus 1 KW - H 11000:Diseases/Injuries/Trauma KW - V 22005:AIDS: Epidemiological aspects KW - R2 23060:Medical and environmental health UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/17548954?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Ariskabstracts&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=AIDS&rft.atitle=HIV-1+prevalence%2C+HIV-1+subtypes+and+risk+factors+among+fishermen+in+the+Gulf+of+Thailand+and+the+Andaman+Sea&rft.au=Entz%2C+A+T%3BRuffolo%2C+V+P%3BChinveschakitvanich%2C+V%3BSoskolne%2C+V%3BVan+Griensven%2C+GJP&rft.aulast=Entz&rft.aufirst=A&rft.date=2000-05-26&rft.volume=14&rft.issue=8&rft.spage=1027&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=AIDS&rft.issn=02699370&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Human immunodeficiency virus 1; Human immunodeficiency virus; Commercial fishing; Alcohol; Prostitution; Risk assessment; Disease transmission; Transmission (sexual) ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Management of community-acquired pneumonia in the era of pneumococcal resistance: a report from the Drug-Resistant Streptococcus pneumoniae Therapeutic Working Group. AN - 71138028; 10826451 AB - To provide recommendations for the management of community-acquired pneumonia and the surveillance of drug-resistant Streptococcus pneumoniae (DRSP). We addressed the following questions: (1) Should pneumococcal resistance to beta-lactam antimicrobial agents influence pneumonia treatment? (2) What are suitable empirical antimicrobial regimens for outpatient treatment of community-acquired pneumonia in the DRSP era? (3) What are suitable empirical antimicrobial regimens for treatment of hospitalized patients with community-acquired pneumonia in the DRSP era? and (4) How should clinical laboratories report antibiotic susceptibility patterns for S pneumoniae, and what drugs should be included in surveillance if community-acquired pneumonia is the syndrome of interest? Experts in the management of pneumonia and the DRSP Therapeutic Working Group, which includes clinicians, academicians, and public health practitioners, met at the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention in March 1998 to discuss the management of pneumonia in the era of DRSP. Published and unpublished data were summarized from the scientific literature and experience of participants. After group presentations and review of background materials, subgroup chairs prepared draft responses, which were discussed as a group. When implicated in cases of pneumonia, S pneumoniae should be considered susceptible if penicillin minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) is no greater than 1 microg/mL, of intermediate susceptibility if MIC is 2 microg/ mL, and resistant if MIC is no less than 4 microg/mL. For outpatient treatment of community-acquired pneumonia, suitable empirical oral antimicrobial agents include a macrolide (eg, erythromycin, clarithromycin, azithromycin), doxycycline (or tetracycline) for children aged 8 years or older, or an oral beta-lactam with good activity against pneumococci (eg, cefuroxime axetil, amoxicillin, or a combination of amoxicillin and clavulanate potassium). Suitable empirical antimicrobial regimens for inpatient pneumonia include an intravenous beta-lactam, such as cefuroxime, ceftriaxone sodium, cefotaxime sodium, or a combination of ampicillin sodium and sulbactam sodium plus a macrolide. New fluoroquinolones with improved activity against S pneumoniae can also be used to treat adults with community-acquired pneumonia. To limit the emergence of fluoroquinolone-resistant strains, the new fluoroquinolones should be limited to adults (1) for whom one of the above regimens has already failed, (2) who are allergic to alternative agents, or (3) who have a documented infection with highly drug-resistant pneumococci (eg, penicillin MIC > or =4 microg/mL). Vancomycin hydrochloride is not routinely indicated for the treatment of community-acquired pneumonia or pneumonia caused by DRSP. JF - Archives of internal medicine AU - Heffelfinger, J D AU - Dowell, S F AU - Jorgensen, J H AU - Klugman, K P AU - Mabry, L R AU - Musher, D M AU - Plouffe, J F AU - Rakowsky, A AU - Schuchat, A AU - Whitney, C G AD - Respiratory Diseases Branch, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA, USA. izh7@cdc.gov Y1 - 2000/05/22/ PY - 2000 DA - 2000 May 22 SP - 1399 EP - 1408 VL - 160 IS - 10 SN - 0003-9926, 0003-9926 KW - Anti-Bacterial Agents KW - 0 KW - Lactams KW - Abridged Index Medicus KW - Index Medicus KW - Drug Therapy, Combination -- adverse effects KW - Humans KW - Adult KW - Drug Therapy, Combination -- therapeutic use KW - Microbial Sensitivity Tests KW - Anti-Bacterial Agents -- therapeutic use KW - Community-Acquired Infections -- drug therapy KW - Anti-Bacterial Agents -- adverse effects KW - Pneumonia, Pneumococcal -- drug therapy KW - Streptococcus pneumoniae -- drug effects KW - Drug Resistance, Multiple UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/71138028?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Archives+of+internal+medicine&rft.atitle=Management+of+community-acquired+pneumonia+in+the+era+of+pneumococcal+resistance%3A+a+report+from+the+Drug-Resistant+Streptococcus+pneumoniae+Therapeutic+Working+Group.&rft.au=Heffelfinger%2C+J+D%3BDowell%2C+S+F%3BJorgensen%2C+J+H%3BKlugman%2C+K+P%3BMabry%2C+L+R%3BMusher%2C+D+M%3BPlouffe%2C+J+F%3BRakowsky%2C+A%3BSchuchat%2C+A%3BWhitney%2C+C+G&rft.aulast=Heffelfinger&rft.aufirst=J&rft.date=2000-05-22&rft.volume=160&rft.issue=10&rft.spage=1399&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Archives+of+internal+medicine&rft.issn=00039926&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 2000-06-06 N1 - Date created - 2000-06-06 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - SuppNotes - Comment In: Arch Intern Med. 2001 Jul 9;161(13):1681-2 [11434807] N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Epidemic nephritis in Nova Serrana, Brazil. AN - 71141689; 10832828 AB - Outbreaks of nephritis have been rare since the 1970s. From December, 1997, to July, 1998, 253 cases of acute nephritis were identified in Nova Serrana, Brazil. Seven patients required dialysis, and three patients died. We did a case-control study to investigate the cause of the outbreak. Using a matched cluster design, we examined seven recent patients, their family members (n=23), and members of neighbourhood-matched control households (n=22). We subsequently interviewed 50 patients and 50 matched controls about exposure to various dairy products. We also cultured dairy foods and took udder-swab and milk samples from cows. Throat cultures indicated that nephritis was associated with group C Streptococcus equi subspecies zooepidemicus, a cause of bovine mastitis. S. zooepidemicus was detected in four of seven case households (six of 30 people) and no control households (p=0.09). Patients were more likely than matched controls to have consumed a locally produced cheese called queijo fresco (matched odds ratio 2.1, p=0.05). The nephritis attack rate was 4.5 per 1000 in Nova Serrana but 18 per 1000 in the village Quilombo do Gaia (p=0.003). The largest supplier of unpasteurized queijo fresco was a farm in Quilombo do Gaia. S. zooepidemicus was not detected in food samples or in swabs collected from cows in August, 1998, although mastitis was evident among cows on the suspected farm. Throat cultures of the two women who prepared cheese on this farm yielded the outbreak strain of S. zooepidemicus. After the cheese was removed from the distribution system, no further cases were reported. A large outbreak of glomerulonephritis was attributed to S. zooepidemicus in unpasteurised cheese. This outbreak highlights the dangers of consuming unpasteurized dairy products and need for global efforts to promote food safety. JF - Lancet (London, England) AU - Balter, S AU - Benin, A AU - Pinto, S W AU - Teixeira, L M AU - Alvim, G G AU - Luna, E AU - Jackson, D AU - LaClaire, L AU - Elliott, J AU - Facklam, R AU - Schuchat, A AD - Respiratory Diseases Branch, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA 30333, USA. stb7@cdc.gov Y1 - 2000/05/20/ PY - 2000 DA - 2000 May 20 SP - 1776 EP - 1780 VL - 355 IS - 9217 SN - 0140-6736, 0140-6736 KW - Abridged Index Medicus KW - Index Medicus KW - Animals KW - Cattle KW - Food Microbiology KW - Humans KW - Adult KW - Case-Control Studies KW - Brazil -- epidemiology KW - Adolescent KW - Male KW - Female KW - Nephritis -- epidemiology KW - Streptococcal Infections -- microbiology KW - Nephritis -- microbiology KW - Streptococcal Infections -- epidemiology KW - Disease Outbreaks KW - Streptococcus equi -- isolation & purification UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/71141689?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Lancet+%28London%2C+England%29&rft.atitle=Epidemic+nephritis+in+Nova+Serrana%2C+Brazil.&rft.au=Balter%2C+S%3BBenin%2C+A%3BPinto%2C+S+W%3BTeixeira%2C+L+M%3BAlvim%2C+G+G%3BLuna%2C+E%3BJackson%2C+D%3BLaClaire%2C+L%3BElliott%2C+J%3BFacklam%2C+R%3BSchuchat%2C+A&rft.aulast=Balter&rft.aufirst=S&rft.date=2000-05-20&rft.volume=355&rft.issue=9217&rft.spage=1776&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Lancet+%28London%2C+England%29&rft.issn=01406736&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 2000-06-27 N1 - Date created - 2000-06-27 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Genetic characterization of incident HIV type 1 subtype E and B strains from a prospective cohort of injecting drug users in Bangkok, Thailand. AN - 71133052; 10826476 AB - We obtained specimens from 128 HIV-1 seroconverters identified from 1995 through 1998 in a prospective cohort study of 1,209 HIV-negative injecting drug users (IDUs) in Bangkok, Thailand. Epidemiologic data indicated that parenteral transmission accounted for nearly all infections. HIV-1 DNA from the C2-V4 env region was sequenced, and phylogenetic analyses determined that 102 (79.7%) of the specimens were subtype E and 26 (20.3%) subtype B strains. All subtype B strains clustered with strains often referred to in previous studies as Thai B or B'. The interstrain nucleotide distance (C2-V4) within subtype E strains was low (mean, 6.8%), and pairwise comparisons with a prototype subtype E strain, CM244, showed limited divergence (mean, 5.6%). The subtype B stains showed greater interstrain divergence (mean, 9.2%) and were significantly divergent from the prototype B strain HIV-MN (mean, 13.0%; p < 0.0001). The subtype E strains had significantly lower mean V3 loop charge than did subtype B strains (p = 0.017) and, on the basis of analysis of amino acid sequences, were predicted to be predominantly (91%) non-syncytium-inducing (NSI), chemokine coreceptor CCR5-using (CCR5+) viruses. The subtype B strains had a higher mean V3 loop charge, and a smaller proportion (23%) were predicted to be NSI/CCR5+ viruses. This study demonstrates that most incident HIV1 infections among Bangkok IDUs are due to subtype E viruses, with a narrow spectrum of genetic diversity. The characterization of incident HIV-1 strains from 1995 to 1998 will provide important baseline information for comparison with any breakthrough infections that occur among IDUs in Bangkok who are participating in an HIV-1 vaccine efficacy trial initiated in 1999. JF - AIDS research and human retroviruses AU - Subbarao, S AU - Vanichseni, S AU - Hu, D J AU - Kitayaporn, D AU - Choopanya, K AU - Raktham, S AU - Young, N L AU - Wasi, C AU - Sutthent, R AU - Luo, C C AU - Ramos, A AU - Mastro, T D AD - Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia 30333, USA. sfs2@cdc.gov Y1 - 2000/05/20/ PY - 2000 DA - 2000 May 20 SP - 699 EP - 707 VL - 16 IS - 8 SN - 0889-2229, 0889-2229 KW - HIV Envelope Protein gp120 KW - 0 KW - HIV envelope protein gp120 (305-321) KW - Peptide Fragments KW - Receptors, HIV KW - Index Medicus KW - AIDS/HIV KW - Phylogeny KW - Peptide Fragments -- genetics KW - Humans KW - HIV Envelope Protein gp120 -- chemistry KW - Receptors, HIV -- metabolism KW - Amino Acid Sequence KW - HIV Envelope Protein gp120 -- genetics KW - Glycosylation KW - Sequence Analysis, DNA KW - Peptide Fragments -- chemistry KW - Prospective Studies KW - Cohort Studies KW - Molecular Sequence Data KW - Incidence KW - Thailand -- epidemiology KW - HIV-1 -- genetics KW - HIV Infections -- virology KW - HIV Infections -- complications KW - Substance Abuse, Intravenous -- complications KW - HIV Infections -- epidemiology KW - HIV-1 -- classification UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/71133052?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=AIDS+research+and+human+retroviruses&rft.atitle=Genetic+characterization+of+incident+HIV+type+1+subtype+E+and+B+strains+from+a+prospective+cohort+of+injecting+drug+users+in+Bangkok%2C+Thailand.&rft.au=Subbarao%2C+S%3BVanichseni%2C+S%3BHu%2C+D+J%3BKitayaporn%2C+D%3BChoopanya%2C+K%3BRaktham%2C+S%3BYoung%2C+N+L%3BWasi%2C+C%3BSutthent%2C+R%3BLuo%2C+C+C%3BRamos%2C+A%3BMastro%2C+T+D&rft.aulast=Subbarao&rft.aufirst=S&rft.date=2000-05-20&rft.volume=16&rft.issue=8&rft.spage=699&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=AIDS+research+and+human+retroviruses&rft.issn=08892229&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 2000-09-07 N1 - Date created - 2000-09-07 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Genetic sequence - AF081715; GENBANK; AF081733; AF081714; AF081732; AF081713; AF081731; AF081712; AF081730; AF081737; AF081711; AF081736; AF081710; AF081735; AF081734; AF081739; AF081738; AF081719; AF081718; AF081717; AF081716; AF081720; AF081722; AF081721; AF081724; AF081723; AF081726; AF081725; AF081728; AF081727; AF081729 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Surveillance for possible estuary-associated syndrome--six states, 1998-1999. AN - 71124359; 10821482 AB - Pfiesteria piscicida (Pp) is an alga that has been associated with fish kills in estuaries (where fresh water mixes with salty seawater) along the eastern seaboard and possibly with human health effects. Since June 1, 1998, surveillance for possible estuary-associated syndrome (PEAS), including possible Pp-related human illness, has been conducted in Delaware, Florida, Maryland, North Carolina, South Carolina, and Virginia. This report summarizes passive surveillance for PEAS during June 1, 1998-December 31, 1999, which indicated no persons had illnesses that met PEAS criteria. JF - MMWR. Morbidity and mortality weekly report AU - Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) AD - Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) Y1 - 2000/05/05/ PY - 2000 DA - 2000 May 05 SP - 372 EP - 374 VL - 49 IS - 17 SN - 0149-2195, 0149-2195 KW - Water KW - 059QF0KO0R KW - Index Medicus KW - Animals KW - Syndrome KW - Southeastern United States -- epidemiology KW - Humans KW - Memory Disorders -- etiology KW - Skin Diseases -- etiology KW - Mid-Atlantic Region -- epidemiology KW - Headache -- etiology KW - Disease Outbreaks KW - Protozoan Infections -- complications KW - Environmental Exposure KW - Protozoan Infections -- epidemiology KW - Protozoan Infections -- diagnosis KW - Population Surveillance KW - Pfiesteria piscicida UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/71124359?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=MMWR.+Morbidity+and+mortality+weekly+report&rft.atitle=Surveillance+for+possible+estuary-associated+syndrome--six+states%2C+1998-1999.&rft.au=Centers+for+Disease+Control+and+Prevention+%28CDC%29&rft.aulast=Centers+for+Disease+Control+and+Prevention+%28CDC%29&rft.aufirst=&rft.date=2000-05-05&rft.volume=49&rft.issue=17&rft.spage=372&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=MMWR.+Morbidity+and+mortality+weekly+report&rft.issn=01492195&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 2000-05-31 N1 - Date created - 2000-05-31 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Comparison of mouse strains using the local lymph node assay AN - 17554586; 4736441 AB - The local lymph node assay (LLNA), as recommended by the Interagency Coordinating Committee on the Validation of Alternative Methods (ICCVAM), only allows for the use of CBA mice. The objective of these studies was to begin to assess the response of chemical sensitizers in the LLNA across six strains of female mice (C57BL/6, SJL/J, BALB/c, B6C3F1, DBA/2 and CBA). The moderate sensitizer alpha -hexylcinnamaldehyde (HCA) was chosen as the test chemical, while toluene diisocyanate (TDI) and 2,4-dinitrofluorobenzene (DNFB) were evaluated at single concentrations as positive controls. Draining lymph node cell proliferation following acetone exposure varied across strains. SJL mice had a significantly higher degree of proliferation with 2111 d.p.m./2 nodes. The remaining five strains demonstrated responses which ranged from 345 to 887 dpm/2 nodes. DBA/2, B6C3F1, BALB/c and CBA mice had essentially equal levels of lymph node proliferation following exposure to the three chemicals. While C57BL/6 mice gave similar results as CBA mice following DNFB and HCA administration, the LLNA response to TDI was considerably lower. SJL mice provided low stimulation indexes (SI) values for all three chemicals evaluated. Regardless of the level of LLNA response, all six mouse strains identified the sensitization potential of HCA, TDI or DNFB. Based on these studies, DBA/2, B6C3F1 and BALB/c mice are good choices for continued evaluation as additional mouse strains for use in the LLNA. JF - Toxicology AU - Woolhiser, M R AU - Munson, A E AU - Meade, B J AD - Health Effects Laboratory Division, National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, 1095 Willowdale Road, Morgantown, WV 26505, USA, bhm8@cdc.gov Y1 - 2000/05/05/ PY - 2000 DA - 2000 May 05 SP - 221 EP - 227 VL - 146 IS - 2-3 SN - 0300-483X, 0300-483X KW - mice KW - strains KW - local lymph node assay KW - Toxicology Abstracts KW - Xenobiotics KW - Toxicity testing KW - Lymph nodes KW - X 24221:Toxicity testing UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/17554586?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxicologyabstracts&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Toxicology&rft.atitle=Comparison+of+mouse+strains+using+the+local+lymph+node+assay&rft.au=Woolhiser%2C+M+R%3BMunson%2C+A+E%3BMeade%2C+B+J&rft.aulast=Woolhiser&rft.aufirst=M&rft.date=2000-05-05&rft.volume=146&rft.issue=2-3&rft.spage=221&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Toxicology&rft.issn=0300483X&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Lymph nodes; Toxicity testing; Xenobiotics ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Characteristics of child passenger deaths and injuries involving drinking drivers. AN - 71104950; 10807383 AB - Motor vehicle-related injury is the leading cause of death for children and young adults aged 1 to 24 years in the United States. Approximately 24% of child traffic deaths involve alcohol. To examine characteristics of crashes involving child passenger deaths and injuries associated with drinking drivers to identify opportunities for prevention. Descriptive epidemiological analysis of 1985-1996 datafrom the Fatality Analysis Reporting System on deaths among US child passengers (aged 0-14 years) and 1988-1996 data from the General Estimates System on nonfatal injuries. Child passenger death or injury by driver characteristics (eg, driver age, blood alcohol concentration, and driving history). In 1985-1996, there were 5555 child passenger deaths involving a drinking driver. Of these deaths, 3556 (64.0%) occurred while the child was riding with a drinking driver; 67.0% of these drinking drivers were old enough to be the parent or caregiver of the child. Of all drivers transporting a child who died, drinking drivers were more likely than nondrinking drivers to have had a previous license suspension (17.1% vs 7.1%) or conviction for driving while intoxicated (7.9% vs 1.2%). Child restraint use decreased as both the child's age and the blood alcohol concentration of the child's driver increased. In 1988-1996, an estimated 149,000 child passengers were nonfatally injured in crashes involving a drinking driver. Of these, 58,000 (38.9%) were riding with a drinking driver when injured in the crash. These data indicate that the majority of drinking driver-related child passenger deaths in the United States involve a child riding unrestrained in the same vehicle with a drinking driver. Typically, the drinking driver transporting the child is old enough to be the child's parent or caregiver. JF - JAMA AU - Quinlan, K P AU - Brewer, R D AU - Sleet, D A AU - Dellinger, A M AD - Epidemic Intelligence Service, Epidemiology Program Office, Division of Unintential Injury Prevention, National Center for Injury Prevention and Control, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA 30341-3714, USA. kaq0@cdc.gov Y1 - 2000/05/03/ PY - 2000 DA - 2000 May 03 SP - 2249 EP - 2252 VL - 283 IS - 17 SN - 0098-7484, 0098-7484 KW - Abridged Index Medicus KW - Index Medicus KW - Infant KW - Seat Belts -- utilization KW - Alcoholic Intoxication -- epidemiology KW - Humans KW - Adult KW - Infant Mortality KW - Child KW - Adolescent KW - United States -- epidemiology KW - Male KW - Female KW - Child, Preschool KW - Accidents, Traffic -- statistics & numerical data KW - Alcohol Drinking -- epidemiology KW - Automobile Driving -- statistics & numerical data UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/71104950?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=JAMA&rft.atitle=Characteristics+of+child+passenger+deaths+and+injuries+involving+drinking+drivers.&rft.au=Quinlan%2C+K+P%3BBrewer%2C+R+D%3BSleet%2C+D+A%3BDellinger%2C+A+M&rft.aulast=Quinlan&rft.aufirst=K&rft.date=2000-05-03&rft.volume=283&rft.issue=17&rft.spage=2249&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=JAMA&rft.issn=00987484&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 2000-05-16 N1 - Date created - 2000-05-16 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - SuppNotes - Comment In: JAMA. 2000 May 3;283(17):2291-2 [10807390] N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Correlation between autopsy findings for chronic obstructive airways disease and in-life disability in South African gold miners. AN - 71218892; 10877029 AB - In South Africa chronic obstructive airway disease (COAD), which could be due to working in a dusty atmosphere in scheduled mines or works, is a compensatable disease. Miners are compensated for in-life respiratory disability and for findings at autopsy of COAD, which includes emphysema, bronchitis assessed by mucus gland hyperplasia in the main bronchus, and bronchiolitis assessed by goblet cell metaplasia. The question arises as to whether the autopsy findings correlate with in-life impairment. The objectives of the study were: (1) to determine whether autopsy COAD outcomes relate to lung function and to respiratory symptoms and signs; and (2) to quantify the individual contributions of emphysema, bronchiolitis and bronchitis to lung function impairment. On 724 gold miners, pathological findings of COAD--emphysema, bronchitis and bronchiolitis-- were related to lung function measurements and respiratory symptoms and signs observed within 5 years prior to death. Emphysema diagnosed at autopsy was the main determinant of airflow impairment. The emphysema score categories 0-5, 5-35, 35-65 and > 65 were associated with decreased forced expiratory volume in 1 s, expressed as percentage predicted (FEV1%) as follows: 78.8%, 66.2%, 52.0% and 46.0%, respectively. The score was also associated with increasing frequency of dyspnoea. After adjustment for emphysema, the bronchitis and bronchiolitis were not related to significant lung function loss, and in subjects without emphysema, the presence of moderate or marked bronchitis was associated with a mild impairment only. Bronchitis at autopsy was associated with increased frequency of rhonchi, sputum and cough, whereas bronchiolitis was associated with increased sputum only. Silicosis found at autopsy was associated with some obstructive and restrictive lung function impairment. Tobacco smoking was associated with all the COAD outcomes. JF - International archives of occupational and environmental health AU - Hnizdo, E AU - Murray, J AU - Davison, A AD - National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, Morgantown, WV 26505-2845, USA. EXH6@cdc.gov Y1 - 2000/05// PY - 2000 DA - May 2000 SP - 235 EP - 244 VL - 73 IS - 4 SN - 0340-0131, 0340-0131 KW - Dust KW - 0 KW - Gold KW - 7440-57-5 KW - Silicon Dioxide KW - 7631-86-9 KW - Index Medicus KW - Severity of Illness Index KW - Autopsy KW - Bronchiolitis -- etiology KW - Bronchitis -- etiology KW - Bronchitis -- pathology KW - Humans KW - Aged KW - Bronchiolitis -- pathology KW - Silicon Dioxide -- adverse effects KW - Emphysema -- etiology KW - Middle Aged KW - Emphysema -- pathology KW - Male KW - Occupational Exposure KW - Lung Diseases, Obstructive -- pathology KW - Mining KW - Disabled Persons UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/71218892?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=International+archives+of+occupational+and+environmental+health&rft.atitle=Correlation+between+autopsy+findings+for+chronic+obstructive+airways+disease+and+in-life+disability+in+South+African+gold+miners.&rft.au=Hnizdo%2C+E%3BMurray%2C+J%3BDavison%2C+A&rft.aulast=Hnizdo&rft.aufirst=E&rft.date=2000-05-01&rft.volume=73&rft.issue=4&rft.spage=235&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=International+archives+of+occupational+and+environmental+health&rft.issn=03400131&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 2000-10-20 N1 - Date created - 2000-10-20 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Fluoride varnishes. A review of their clinical use, cariostatic mechanism, efficacy and safety. AN - 71144715; 10832252 AB - This is a review of the clinical use, cariostatic mechanism, efficacy, safety and toxicity of fluoride varnishes. The authors reviewed and summarized in vitro, in vivo and in situ studies; clinical trials; demonstration programs; position papers; and editorials published in English in the biomedical literature since 1966. Extensive laboratory research and clinical trials conducted in Europe and elsewhere show that fluoride varnishes are as efficacious as other caries-preventive agents. Fluoride varnishes are widely used in European caries-preventive programs. The U.S. Food and Drug Administration has cleared these products only as medical devices to be used as cavity liners and for the treatment of hypersensitive teeth. These products have not yet been cleared for marketing in the United States as caries-preventive agents. Three fluoride varnishes are currently available in the United States. Semiannual applications are the most proven treatment regimen. Varnishes are safe and easy to apply and set in contact with intraoral moisture. JF - Journal of the American Dental Association (1939) AU - Beltrán-Aguilar, E D AU - Goldstein, J W AU - Lockwood, S A AD - Surveillance, Investigations and Research Branch, Division of Oral Health, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, CDC-DOH, Chamblee, Ga. 30341, USA. Y1 - 2000/05// PY - 2000 DA - May 2000 SP - 589 EP - 596 VL - 131 IS - 5 SN - 0002-8177, 0002-8177 KW - Cariostatic Agents KW - 0 KW - Fluorides, Topical KW - Dentistry KW - Index Medicus KW - United States KW - Humans KW - Safety KW - Clinical Trials as Topic KW - Cariostatic Agents -- adverse effects KW - Fluorides, Topical -- administration & dosage KW - Dental Cavity Lining -- adverse effects KW - Fluorides, Topical -- adverse effects KW - Cariostatic Agents -- administration & dosage UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/71144715?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+the+American+Dental+Association+%281939%29&rft.atitle=Fluoride+varnishes.+A+review+of+their+clinical+use%2C+cariostatic+mechanism%2C+efficacy+and+safety.&rft.au=Beltr%C3%A1n-Aguilar%2C+E+D%3BGoldstein%2C+J+W%3BLockwood%2C+S+A&rft.aulast=Beltr%C3%A1n-Aguilar&rft.aufirst=E&rft.date=2000-05-01&rft.volume=131&rft.issue=5&rft.spage=589&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+the+American+Dental+Association+%281939%29&rft.issn=00028177&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 2000-06-16 N1 - Date created - 2000-06-16 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Case-control study of risk factors for human infection with a new zoonotic paramyxovirus, Nipah virus, during a 1998-1999 outbreak of severe encephalitis in Malaysia. AN - 71126228; 10823779 AB - An outbreak of encephalitis affecting 265 patients (105 fatally) occurred during 1998-1999 in Malaysia and was linked to a new paramyxovirus, Nipah, that infected pigs, humans, dogs, and cats. Most patients were pig farmers. Clinically undetected Nipah infection was noted in 10 (6%) of 166 community-farm controls (persons from farms without reported encephalitis patients) and 20 (11%) of 178 case-farm controls (persons from farms with encephalitis patients). Case patients (persons with Nipah infection) were more likely than community-farm controls to report increased numbers of sick/dying pigs on the farm (59% vs. 24%, P=.001) and were more likely than case-farm controls to perform activities requiring direct contact with pigs (86% vs. 50%, P=.005). Only 8% of case patients reported no contact with pigs. The outbreak stopped after pigs in the affected areas were slaughtered and buried. Direct, close contact with pigs was the primary source of human Nipah infection, but other sources, such as infected dogs and cats, cannot be excluded. JF - The Journal of infectious diseases AU - Parashar, U D AU - Sunn, L M AU - Ong, F AU - Mounts, A W AU - Arif, M T AU - Ksiazek, T G AU - Kamaluddin, M A AU - Mustafa, A N AU - Kaur, H AU - Ding, L M AU - Othman, G AU - Radzi, H M AU - Kitsutani, P T AU - Stockton, P C AU - Arokiasamy, J AU - Gary, H E AU - Anderson, L J AD - Respiratory and Enteric Viruses Branch, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA 30333, USA. UAP2@CDC.GOV. Y1 - 2000/05// PY - 2000 DA - May 2000 SP - 1755 EP - 1759 VL - 181 IS - 5 SN - 0022-1899, 0022-1899 KW - Abridged Index Medicus KW - Index Medicus KW - Swine KW - Paramyxovirinae KW - Animals KW - Swine Diseases -- transmission KW - Dog Diseases -- virology KW - Humans KW - Swine Diseases -- virology KW - Cat Diseases -- transmission KW - Agricultural Workers' Diseases -- virology KW - Cat Diseases -- virology KW - Malaysia -- epidemiology KW - Risk Factors KW - Agricultural Workers' Diseases -- epidemiology KW - Cats KW - Case-Control Studies KW - Dogs KW - Dog Diseases -- transmission KW - Occupations -- statistics & numerical data KW - Male KW - Female KW - Encephalitis, Viral -- virology KW - Paramyxoviridae Infections -- transmission KW - Paramyxoviridae Infections -- veterinary KW - Encephalitis, Viral -- epidemiology KW - Paramyxoviridae Infections -- epidemiology KW - Disease Outbreaks KW - Zoonoses -- epidemiology KW - Encephalitis, Viral -- transmission UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/71126228?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Journal+of+infectious+diseases&rft.atitle=Case-control+study+of+risk+factors+for+human+infection+with+a+new+zoonotic+paramyxovirus%2C+Nipah+virus%2C+during+a+1998-1999+outbreak+of+severe+encephalitis+in+Malaysia.&rft.au=Parashar%2C+U+D%3BSunn%2C+L+M%3BOng%2C+F%3BMounts%2C+A+W%3BArif%2C+M+T%3BKsiazek%2C+T+G%3BKamaluddin%2C+M+A%3BMustafa%2C+A+N%3BKaur%2C+H%3BDing%2C+L+M%3BOthman%2C+G%3BRadzi%2C+H+M%3BKitsutani%2C+P+T%3BStockton%2C+P+C%3BArokiasamy%2C+J%3BGary%2C+H+E%3BAnderson%2C+L+J&rft.aulast=Parashar&rft.aufirst=U&rft.date=2000-05-01&rft.volume=181&rft.issue=5&rft.spage=1755&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=The+Journal+of+infectious+diseases&rft.issn=00221899&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 2000-07-20 N1 - Date created - 2000-07-20 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Evaluation of commercially available preservatives for laboratory detection of helminths and protozoa in human fecal specimens. AN - 71082980; 10790128 AB - Formalin and mercuric chloride-based low-viscosity polyvinyl alcohol (LV-PVA) are widely used by most diagnostic parasitology laboratories for preservation of helminth eggs and protozoan cysts and trophozoites in fecal specimens. Concerns about the toxicity of formalin and the difficulty of disposal of LV-PVA are powerful incentives to use alternate preservatives. Such alternatives have been marketed by several companies and are often presented as one-vial, non-mercuric chloride fixatives that aim at performing the same role as formalin and PVA combined. We compared five, one-vial commercial preservatives, two from Meridian Diagnostics, Inc. (Ecofix and sodium acetate-acetic acid-formalin), and one each from Scientific Device Laboratories, Inc. (Parasafe), Alpha Tec Systems, Inc. (Proto-fix), and Streck Laboratories, Inc. (STF), with 10% formalin and LV-PVA. Fecal specimens obtained from patients in a Brazilian hospital were aliquoted within 12 h of collection into the seven preservatives mentioned above and were processed after 1 month at the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. Direct and concentrated permanent smears as well as concentrates for 20 positive specimens (a total of 259 processed samples) were prepared, stained according to the manufacturers' instructions, examined, and graded. Positive specimens contained one or more parasites with stages consisting of eggs, larvae, cysts, and a few trophozoites of Giardia intestinalis. Criteria for assessment of the preservatives included the quality of the diagnostic characteristics of helminth eggs, protozoan cysts, and trophozoites, ease of use, and cost. Acceptable alternatives to formalin for wet preparations were found. Ecofix was found to be comparable to the traditional "gold standard" LV-PVA for the visualization of protozoa in permanent stained smears. This study suggests that more acceptable alternatives to the traditional formalin and LV-PVA exist. JF - Journal of clinical microbiology AU - Pietrzak-Johnston, S M AU - Bishop, H AU - Wahlquist, S AU - Moura, H AU - Da Silva, N D AU - Da Silva, S P AU - Nguyen-Dinh, P AD - Division of Parasitic Diseases, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia, USA. sip5@cdc.gov Y1 - 2000/05// PY - 2000 DA - May 2000 SP - 1959 EP - 1964 VL - 38 IS - 5 SN - 0095-1137, 0095-1137 KW - Formaldehyde KW - 1HG84L3525 KW - Mercuric Chloride KW - 53GH7MZT1R KW - Polyvinyl Alcohol KW - 9002-89-5 KW - Index Medicus KW - Animals KW - Humans KW - Brazil KW - Parasite Egg Count KW - Specimen Handling -- methods KW - Eukaryota -- isolation & purification KW - Helminths -- cytology KW - Feces -- parasitology KW - Eukaryota -- cytology KW - Helminths -- isolation & purification UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/71082980?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+clinical+microbiology&rft.atitle=Evaluation+of+commercially+available+preservatives+for+laboratory+detection+of+helminths+and+protozoa+in+human+fecal+specimens.&rft.au=Pietrzak-Johnston%2C+S+M%3BBishop%2C+H%3BWahlquist%2C+S%3BMoura%2C+H%3BDa+Silva%2C+N+D%3BDa+Silva%2C+S+P%3BNguyen-Dinh%2C+P&rft.aulast=Pietrzak-Johnston&rft.aufirst=S&rft.date=2000-05-01&rft.volume=38&rft.issue=5&rft.spage=1959&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+clinical+microbiology&rft.issn=00951137&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 2000-06-21 N1 - Date created - 2000-06-21 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - SuppNotes - Cited By: Am J Clin Pathol. 1977 Mar;67(3):300-4 [65913] J Clin Microbiol. 1999 Dec;37(12):4113-9 [10565940] J Clin Microbiol. 1998 Jul;36(7):1974-6 [9650947] J Clin Microbiol. 1993 Feb;31(2):307-10 [7679402] N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Toward a safe workplace: the role of systematic reviews. AN - 71080497; 10793274 JF - American journal of preventive medicine AU - Rosenstock, L AU - Thacker, S B AD - National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (Rosenstock), Washington, DC 20201, USA. LZR6@cdc.gov Y1 - 2000/05// PY - 2000 DA - May 2000 SP - 4 EP - 5 VL - 18 IS - 4 Suppl SN - 0749-3797, 0749-3797 KW - Index Medicus KW - United States KW - Humans KW - Adult KW - Middle Aged KW - Workplace KW - Adolescent KW - Male KW - Female KW - Review Literature as Topic KW - Occupational Health KW - Occupational Diseases -- prevention & control UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/71080497?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=American+journal+of+preventive+medicine&rft.atitle=Toward+a+safe+workplace%3A+the+role+of+systematic+reviews.&rft.au=Rosenstock%2C+L%3BThacker%2C+S+B&rft.aulast=Rosenstock&rft.aufirst=L&rft.date=2000-05-01&rft.volume=18&rft.issue=4+Suppl&rft.spage=4&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=American+journal+of+preventive+medicine&rft.issn=07493797&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 2000-06-23 N1 - Date created - 2000-06-23 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - SuppNotes - Comment In: Am J Prev Med. 2001 May;20(4):308-9 [11392320] N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Proportionate mortality among unionized roofers and waterproofers. AN - 70983225; 10723042 AB - The United Union of Roofers, Waterproofers, and Allied Workers (UURWAW) is one of the 15 building and construction trades departments in the AFL-CIO. The U.S. roofing industry, including both roofing and waterproofing applications, both unionized and nonunionized, comprises about 25,000 firms, employing approximately 300,000 people, about 200,000 of whom are involved in the application of roofs. The specific toxins to which roofers may be exposed at the job site include, among others, bitumens (asphalt and/or coal tar pitch) as well as asbestos and fiberglass from roof removal operations. Excess deaths from occupational injuries are also of concern. This study evaluated causes of mortality among 11,144 members of the UURWAW. Age-adjusted proportionate mortality ratios (PMRs) were computed with 95% confidence intervals (CI) using U.S. age-, gender-, and race-specific proportional mortality rates for the years of the study, 1950-1996. Statistically significant increased PMRs were found for all injuries (PMR = 142, CI = 134-150), especially falls (PMR = 464, CI = 419-513) and other injuries (PMR = 121, CI = 107-137), cancers of the lung (PMR = 139, CI = 131-148), bladder (PMR = 138, CI = 111-170), esophagus (PMR = 134, CI = 107-166), larynx (PMR = 145, CI = 106-193), and cancers of other and unspecified sites (PMR = 130, CI = 112-149), pneumoconioses and other nonmalignant respiratory diseases (PMR = 115, CI = 103-128), and homicides (PMR = 153, CI = 135-172). The occupational exposures which may have contributed to the excess risks of malignant and nonmalignant respiratory diseases include, among others, asphalt fumes, coal tar pitch volatiles and asbestos; however, cigarette smoking must also be considered a contributing factor. The present study underscores the need to control airborne exposures to hazardous substances and especially to examine fall prevention efforts within the roofing industry. Am. J. Ind. Med. 37:478-492, 2000. Published 2000 Wiley-Liss, Inc. JF - American journal of industrial medicine AU - Stern, F B AU - Ruder, A M AU - Chen, G AD - Division of Surveillance, Hazard Evaluations, and Field Studies, National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, 4676 Columbia Parkway, Cincinnati, Ohio 45226, USA. FBS1@CDC.GOV Y1 - 2000/05// PY - 2000 DA - May 2000 SP - 478 EP - 492 VL - 37 IS - 5 SN - 0271-3586, 0271-3586 KW - Hydrocarbons KW - 0 KW - fiberglass KW - Asbestos KW - 1332-21-4 KW - Coal Tar KW - 8007-45-2 KW - asphalt KW - 8052-42-4 KW - Index Medicus KW - Age Factors KW - Humans KW - Pneumoconiosis -- mortality KW - Homicide -- statistics & numerical data KW - Coal Tar -- adverse effects KW - Esophageal Neoplasms -- mortality KW - Construction Materials -- adverse effects KW - Laryngeal Neoplasms -- mortality KW - Adult KW - Asbestos -- adverse effects KW - Hydrocarbons -- adverse effects KW - Male KW - Sex Factors KW - Continental Population Groups KW - Glass KW - Accidental Falls -- mortality KW - Case-Control Studies KW - Urinary Bladder Neoplasms -- mortality KW - Confidence Intervals KW - Lung Neoplasms -- mortality KW - Middle Aged KW - Accidents, Occupational -- mortality KW - United States -- epidemiology KW - Wounds and Injuries -- mortality KW - Female KW - Proportional Hazards Models KW - Labor Unions -- statistics & numerical data KW - Occupational Diseases -- mortality UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/70983225?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=American+journal+of+industrial+medicine&rft.atitle=Proportionate+mortality+among+unionized+roofers+and+waterproofers.&rft.au=Stern%2C+F+B%3BRuder%2C+A+M%3BChen%2C+G&rft.aulast=Stern&rft.aufirst=F&rft.date=2000-05-01&rft.volume=37&rft.issue=5&rft.spage=478&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=American+journal+of+industrial+medicine&rft.issn=02713586&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 2000-05-02 N1 - Date created - 2000-05-02 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - SMALL MAMMALS IN AGRICULTURAL AREAS OF THE WESTERN LLANOS OF VENEZUELA: COMMUNITY STRUCTURE, HABITAT ASSOCIATIONS, AND RELATIVE DENSITIES AN - 19337266; 8696656 AB - We used mark-recapture and removal trapping during 37 months to examine structure of small-mammal assemblages in agricultural and pastoral areas on the western llanos of Venezuela. Among 34 sites sampled, species richness, diversity, population densities, and relative contribution to the assemblage by 10 rodent and 3 marsupial species varied by habitat or land-use category, major vegetative formation, and (within agricultural systems) crop species. Most habitat types, especially relatively uniform areas of mechanized agriculture, were numerically dominated by 2 rodents, Sigmodon alstoni and Zygodontomys brevicauda. Subsistence agriculture plots were more variable and had the highest species richness and diversity. Peridomestic habitats were dominated by Rattus rattus. In contrast to findings in agroecosystems in the United States and Argentina, relative densities were not lower in crop fields than in adjacent borders nor were there differences in the structure of the rodent assemblages. Captures of Heteromys anomalus, Oecomys speciosus, and Oecomys trinitatus document range extensions for these species on the western llanos. JF - Journal of Mammalogy AU - Utrera, Antonio AU - Duno, Gloria AU - Ellis, Barbara A AU - Salas, Rosa A AU - de Manzione, Nuris AU - Fulhorst, Charles F AU - Tesh, Robert B AU - Mills, James N AD - Universidad Nacional Experimental de los Llanos, Guanare, Portuguesa, Venezuela (AU, GD), jum0@cdc.gov Y1 - 2000/05// PY - 2000 DA - May 2000 SP - 536 EP - 548 PB - Allen Press, Inc., 810 East Tenth St. VL - 81 IS - 2 SN - 0022-2372, 0022-2372 KW - Ecology Abstracts KW - community structure KW - habitat associations KW - Oligoryzomys fulvescens KW - Rattus rattus KW - Sigmodon alstoni KW - Zygodontomys brevicauda KW - llanos KW - Venezuela KW - Agriculture KW - Crop fields KW - Community structure KW - Population density KW - Habitat KW - Trapping KW - Sigmodon KW - Species richness KW - Crops KW - D 04040:Ecosystem and Ecology Studies UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/19337266?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aecology&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Mammalogy&rft.atitle=SMALL+MAMMALS+IN+AGRICULTURAL+AREAS+OF+THE+WESTERN+LLANOS+OF+VENEZUELA%3A+COMMUNITY+STRUCTURE%2C+HABITAT+ASSOCIATIONS%2C+AND+RELATIVE+DENSITIES&rft.au=Utrera%2C+Antonio%3BDuno%2C+Gloria%3BEllis%2C+Barbara+A%3BSalas%2C+Rosa+A%3Bde+Manzione%2C+Nuris%3BFulhorst%2C+Charles+F%3BTesh%2C+Robert+B%3BMills%2C+James+N&rft.aulast=Utrera&rft.aufirst=Antonio&rft.date=2000-05-01&rft.volume=81&rft.issue=2&rft.spage=536&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+Mammalogy&rft.issn=00222372&rft_id=info:doi/10.1644%2F1545-1542%282000%290812.0.CO%3B2 LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2008-12-01 N1 - Last updated - 2015-03-27 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Agriculture; Crop fields; Community structure; Population density; Habitat; Trapping; Crops; Species richness; Rattus rattus; Sigmodon DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1644/1545-1542(2000)081<0536:SMIAAO>2.0.CO;2 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - emm and sof gene sequence variation in relation to serological typing of opacity-factor-positive group A streptococci AN - 17830682; 4863807 AB - Approximately 40-60% of group A streptococcal (GAS) isolates are capable of opacifying sera, due to the expression of the sof (serum opacity factor) gene. The emm (M protein gene) and sof 5' sequences were obtained from a diverse set of GAS reference strains and clinical isolates, and correlated with M serotyping and anti-opacity-factor testing results. Attempts to amplify sof from strains with M serotypes or emm types historically associated with the opacity-factor-negative phenotype were negative, except for emm12 strains, which were found to contain a highly conserved sof sequence. There was a strong correlation of certain M serotypes with specific emm sequences regardless of strain background, and likewise a strong association of specific anti-opacity-factor (AOF) types to sof gene sequence types. In several examples, M type identity, or partial identity shared between strains with differing emm types, was correlated with short, highly conserved 5' emm sequences likely to encode M-type-specific epitopes. Additionally, each of three pairs of historically distinct M type reference strains found to share the same 5' emm sequence, were also found to share M serotype specificity. Based upon sof sequence comparisons between strains of the same and of differing AOF types, an approximately 450 residue domain was determined likely to contain key epitopes required for AOF type specificity. Analysis of two Sof sequences that were not highly homologous, yet shared a common AOF type, further implicated a 107 aa portion of this 450-residue domain in putatively containing AOF-specific epitopes. Taken together, the serological data suggest that AOF-specific epitopes for all Sof proteins may reside within a region corresponding to this 107-residue sequence. The presence of specific, hypervariable emm/sof pairs within multiple isolates appears likely to be a reliable indicator of their overall genetic relatedness, and to be very useful for accurate subtyping of GAS isolates by an approach that has relevance to decades of past M-type-based epidemiological data. JF - Microbiology AU - Beall, B AU - Gherardi, G AU - Lovgren, M AU - Facklam, R R AU - Forwick, BA AU - Tyrrell, G J AD - Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Respiratory Diseases Branch, 1600 Clifton Rd, Mailstop C02, Atlanta, GA 30333, USA, beb0@cdc.gov Y1 - 2000/05// PY - 2000 DA - May 2000 SP - 1195 EP - 1209 VL - 146 IS - 5 SN - 1350-0872, 1350-0872 KW - Sof protein KW - double prime M protein KW - emm gene KW - sof gene KW - Microbiology Abstracts B: Bacteriology KW - ^AM protein KW - Genetic relationship KW - Serum opacity factor KW - Serotypes KW - Genotyping KW - Epitopes KW - Streptococcus pyogenes KW - J 02710:Identification, taxonomy and typing KW - J 02740:Genetics and evolution UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/17830682?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologyb&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Microbiology&rft.atitle=emm+and+sof+gene+sequence+variation+in+relation+to+serological+typing+of+opacity-factor-positive+group+A+streptococci&rft.au=Beall%2C+B%3BGherardi%2C+G%3BLovgren%2C+M%3BFacklam%2C+R+R%3BForwick%2C+BA%3BTyrrell%2C+G+J&rft.aulast=Beall&rft.aufirst=B&rft.date=2000-05-01&rft.volume=146&rft.issue=5&rft.spage=1195&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Microbiology&rft.issn=13500872&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Streptococcus pyogenes; Serum opacity factor; Genotyping; Serotypes; Epitopes; Genetic relationship ER - TY - JOUR T1 - A Single Intramuscular Injection of Recombinant Plasmid DNA Induces Protective Immunity and Prevents Japanese Encephalitis in Mice AN - 17597609; 4702329 AB - Plasmid vectors containing Japanese encephalitis virus (JEV) premembrane (prM) and envelope (E) genes were constructed that expressed prM and E proteins under the control of a cytomegalovirus immediate-early gene promoter. COS-1 cells transformed with this plasmid vector (JE-4B clone) secreted JEV-specific extracellular particles (EPs) into the culture media. Groups of outbred ICR mice were given one or two doses of recombinant plasmid DNA or two doses of the commercial vaccine JEVAX. All mice that received one or two doses of DNA vaccine maintained JEV-specific antibodies 18 months after initial immunization. JEVAX induced 100% seroconversion in 3- week-old mice; however, none of the 3-day-old mice had enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay titers higher than 1:400. Female mice immunized with this DNA vaccine developed plaque reduction neutralization antibody titers of between 1:20 and 1:160 and provided 45 to 100% passive protection to their progeny following intraperitoneal challenge with 5,000 PFU of virulent JEV strain SA14. Seven-week-old adult mice that had received a single dose of JEV DNA vaccine when 3 days of age were completely protected from a 50,000-PFU JEV intraperitoneal challenge. These results demonstrate that a recombinant plasmid DNA which produced JEV EPs in vitro is an effective vaccine. JF - Journal of Virology AU - Chang, G J AU - Hunt, A R AU - Davis, B AD - P.O. Box 2087, Division of Vector-Borne Infectious Diseases, CDC, Foothill Campus, Fort Collins, CO 80522-2087 USA, gxc7@cdc.gov Y1 - 2000/05// PY - 2000 DA - May 2000 SP - 4244 EP - 4252 VL - 74 IS - 9 SN - 0022-538X, 0022-538X KW - ICR mice KW - immunology KW - Japanese encephalitis virus KW - Biotechnology and Bioengineering Abstracts; Medical and Pharmaceutical Biotechnology Abstracts; Genetics Abstracts; Immunology Abstracts; Virology & AIDS Abstracts KW - Plasmids KW - Japanese encephalitis KW - DNA vaccines KW - DNA KW - Vaccines KW - F 06807:Active immunization KW - V 22097:Immunization: Vaccines & vaccination: Human KW - G 07444:Animal models KW - W3 33345:DNA vaccines KW - W 30965:Miscellaneous, Reviews UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/17597609?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Abiotechresearch&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Virology&rft.atitle=A+Single+Intramuscular+Injection+of+Recombinant+Plasmid+DNA+Induces+Protective+Immunity+and+Prevents+Japanese+Encephalitis+in+Mice&rft.au=Chang%2C+G+J%3BHunt%2C+A+R%3BDavis%2C+B&rft.aulast=Chang&rft.aufirst=G&rft.date=2000-05-01&rft.volume=74&rft.issue=9&rft.spage=4244&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+Virology&rft.issn=0022538X&rft_id=info:doi/10.1128%2FJVI.74.9.4244-4252.2000 LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Japanese encephalitis virus; Japanese encephalitis; Vaccines; DNA; Plasmids; DNA vaccines DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/JVI.74.9.4244-4252.2000 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Standardization of immunoglobulin M capture enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays for routine diagnosis of arboviral infections AN - 17552795; 4733972 AB - Immunoglobulin M antibody-capture enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (MAC-ELISA) is a rapid and versatile diagnostic method that readily permits the combination of multiple assays. Test consolidation is especially important for arthropod-borne viruses (arboviruses) which belong to at least three virus families: the Togaviridae, Flaviviridae, and Bunyaviridae. Using prototype viruses from each of these families and a panel of well-characterized human sera, we have evaluated and standardized a combined MAC-ELISA capable of identifying virus infections caused by members of each virus family. Furthermore, by grouping antigens geographically and utilizing known serological cross-reactivities, we have reduced the number of antigens necessary for testing, while maintaining adequate detection sensitivity. We have determined that a 1:400 serum dilution is most appropriate for screening antiviral antibody, using a positive-to-negative ratio of greater than or equal to 2.0 as a positive cutoff value. With a blind-coded human serum panel, this combined MAC-ELISA was shown to have test sensitivity and specificity that correlated well with those of other serological techniques. JF - Journal of Clinical Microbiology AU - Martin, DA AU - Muth, DA AU - Brown, T AU - Johnson, A J AU - Karabatsos, N AU - Roehrig, J T AD - Division of Vector-Borne Infectious Diseases, National Center for Infectious Diseases, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, P.O. Box 2087, Fort Collins, CO 80522, USA, DZM9@CDC.GOV Y1 - 2000/05// PY - 2000 DA - May 2000 SP - 1823 EP - 1826 VL - 38 IS - 5 SN - 0095-1137, 0095-1137 KW - identification KW - diagnosis KW - Microbiology Abstracts A: Industrial & Applied Microbiology; Virology & AIDS Abstracts KW - Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay KW - Arboviridae KW - Diagnostic agents KW - Togaviridae KW - Flaviviridae KW - Bunyaviridae KW - Immunoassays KW - Immunoglobulin M KW - A 01114:Viruses KW - V 22091:Immunological techniques & reagents UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/17552795?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologya&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Clinical+Microbiology&rft.atitle=Standardization+of+immunoglobulin+M+capture+enzyme-linked+immunosorbent+assays+for+routine+diagnosis+of+arboviral+infections&rft.au=Martin%2C+DA%3BMuth%2C+DA%3BBrown%2C+T%3BJohnson%2C+A+J%3BKarabatsos%2C+N%3BRoehrig%2C+J+T&rft.aulast=Martin&rft.aufirst=DA&rft.date=2000-05-01&rft.volume=38&rft.issue=5&rft.spage=1823&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+Clinical+Microbiology&rft.issn=00951137&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Arboviridae; Bunyaviridae; Flaviviridae; Togaviridae; Immunoglobulin M; Diagnostic agents; Immunoassays; Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Evaluation of the PASCO Strep Plus broth microdilution antimicrobial susceptibility panels for testing Streptococcus pneumoniae and other streptococcal species AN - 17550687; 4733951 AB - Antimicrobial resistance continues to increase worldwide among isolates of Streptococcus pneumoniae and other species of streptococci. Increasing rates of penicillin resistance, particularly in viridans group streptococci, and resistance to multiple classes of antimicrobial agents, including beta -lactams, macrolides, and fluoroquinolones, in pneumococci have increased the importance of having accurate antimicrobial susceptibility testing results for guiding therapy. One commercial method of assessing resistance in streptococci is the PASCO Strep Plus panel. This broth microdilution-based method has recently been expanded to include a variety of newer antimicrobial agents. Therefore, we compared the results of the new PASCO Strep Plus panels for 26 antimicrobial agents against the results generated using the National Committee for Clinical Laboratory Standards (NCCLS) broth microdilution reference method for 75 pneumococci and 68 other streptococcal isolates. Only 4 (0.2%) very major errors (all with pneumococci and each with a different antimicrobial agent) were observed. There were 5 (0.3%) major errors observed with pneumococci (each with a different antimicrobial agent), but only 1 major error with nonpneumococcal streptococci. All of the very major and major errors resolved on retesting. Of the 65 (3.9%) and 17 (1.6%) minor errors observed with pneumococci and other streptococci, respectively, all were within 1 dilution of the broth microdilution reference MIC result. Thus, the PASCO Strep Plus panel has comparable accuracy to the NCCLS broth microdilution reference method. JF - Journal of Clinical Microbiology AU - Mohammed, MJ AU - Tenover, F C AD - Nosocomial Pathogens Laboratory Branch (G08), Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, 1600 Clifton Rd., Atlanta, GA 30333, USA, fnt1@cdc.gov Y1 - 2000/05// PY - 2000 DA - May 2000 SP - 1713 EP - 1716 VL - 38 IS - 5 SN - 0095-1137, 0095-1137 KW - streptococci KW - PASCO Strep Plus panel KW - Microbiology Abstracts A: Industrial & Applied Microbiology; Microbiology Abstracts B: Bacteriology KW - Streptococcus KW - Drug resistance KW - Drug sensitivity testing KW - Minimum inhibitory concentration KW - Streptococcus pneumoniae KW - Antibiotic sensitivity testing KW - Antibacterial agents KW - Antibiotic resistance KW - A 01066:Antibacterial & bactericidal KW - J 02783:Antibiotics: General UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/17550687?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologyb&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Clinical+Microbiology&rft.atitle=Evaluation+of+the+PASCO+Strep+Plus+broth+microdilution+antimicrobial+susceptibility+panels+for+testing+Streptococcus+pneumoniae+and+other+streptococcal+species&rft.au=Mohammed%2C+MJ%3BTenover%2C+F+C&rft.aulast=Mohammed&rft.aufirst=MJ&rft.date=2000-05-01&rft.volume=38&rft.issue=5&rft.spage=1713&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+Clinical+Microbiology&rft.issn=00951137&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Streptococcus; Streptococcus pneumoniae; Antibacterial agents; Minimum inhibitory concentration; Antibiotic resistance; Drug resistance; Drug sensitivity testing; Antibiotic sensitivity testing ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Evaluation of the invader assay, a linear signal amplification method, for identification of mutations associated with resistance to rifampin and isoniazid in Mycobacterium tuberculosis AN - 17542170; 4724001 AB - We evaluated a recently described linear signal amplification method for sensitivity and specificity in detecting mutations associated with resistance to rifampin (RIF) and isoniazid (INH) in Mycobacterium tuberculosis. The assay utilizes the thermostable flap endonuclease Cleavase VIII, derived from Archaeoglobus fulgidus, which cleaves a structure formed by the hybridization of two overlapping oligonucleotide probes to a target nucleic acid strand. This method, termed the Invader assay, can discriminate single-base differences. Nine pairs of probes, encompassing five mutations in rpoB and katG that are associated with resistance to either RIF or INH, as well as the corresponding wild-type (drug-susceptible) alleles, were tested using amplified DNA. Fluorescent-labeled cleavage products, ranging from 4 to 13 nucleotides in length, depending on the genotype of the test sample, were separated by denaturing polyacrylamide (20 to 24%) gel electrophoresis and then detected by scanning. All nine alleles could be identified and differentiated on the basis of product size. Multiple mutations at a specific rpoB nucleotide in target PCR products could be identified, as could mutants that were present at greater than or equal to 0.5% of the total population of target sequences. The Invader assay is a sensitive screen for some mutations associated with antituberculosis drug resistance in amplified gene regions. JF - Antimicrobial Agents & Chemotherapy AU - Cooksey, R C AU - Holloway, B P AU - Oldenburg, M C AU - Listenbee, S AU - Miller, C W AD - Tuberculosis/Mycobacteriology Branch, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Mail stop F-08, Atlanta, GA 30333, USA, rcc1@cdc.gov Y1 - 2000/05// PY - 2000 DA - May 2000 SP - 1296 EP - 1301 VL - 44 IS - 5 SN - 0066-4804, 0066-4804 KW - catG gene KW - isoniazid KW - rpoB gene KW - Microbiology Abstracts A: Industrial & Applied Microbiology; Microbiology Abstracts B: Bacteriology KW - Genotyping KW - Drug resistance KW - Rifampin KW - Gene amplification KW - Antibacterial agents KW - Mutation KW - Isoniazid KW - Mycobacterium tuberculosis KW - A 01064:Microbial resistance KW - J 02740:Genetics and evolution UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/17542170?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologyb&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Antimicrobial+Agents+%26+Chemotherapy&rft.atitle=Evaluation+of+the+invader+assay%2C+a+linear+signal+amplification+method%2C+for+identification+of+mutations+associated+with+resistance+to+rifampin+and+isoniazid+in+Mycobacterium+tuberculosis&rft.au=Cooksey%2C+R+C%3BHolloway%2C+B+P%3BOldenburg%2C+M+C%3BListenbee%2C+S%3BMiller%2C+C+W&rft.aulast=Cooksey&rft.aufirst=R&rft.date=2000-05-01&rft.volume=44&rft.issue=5&rft.spage=1296&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Antimicrobial+Agents+%26+Chemotherapy&rft.issn=00664804&rft_id=info:doi/10.1128%2FAAC.44.5.1296-1301.2000 LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Mycobacterium tuberculosis; Isoniazid; Antibacterial agents; Rifampin; Drug resistance; Mutation; Genotyping; Gene amplification DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/AAC.44.5.1296-1301.2000 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Surveillance for adverse events associated with anthrax vaccination--U.S. Department of Defense, 1998-2000. AN - 71115947; 10817479 AB - Concerns about the potential use of anthrax as a biologic weapon prompted the U.S. Department of Defense (DoD) to announce on December 15, 1997, anthrax vaccination of all U.S. military personnel. This effort is coordinated by the Anthrax Vaccine Immunization Program (AVIP). AVIP plans a phased vaccination process to achieve total force protection against anthrax by 2004. The current phase of implementation includes vaccination of all service members and mission-essential DoD civilian employees assigned or deployed to high-threat areas. On the basis of program monitoring, as of April 12, 2000, 425,976 service members had received 1,620,793 doses of anthrax vaccine adsorbed (AVA) (Bioport, Inc., Lansing, Michigan). Some service members have cited concerns about vaccine safety and efficacy in their decision to refuse vaccination, despite the possibility of administrative or disciplinary actions. To assess anthrax vaccination safety, DoD has conducted surveys of vaccinated personnel. This report describes three completed or ongoing surveys. The findings indicate that rates of local reactions were higher in women than men and that no patterns of unexpected local or systemic adverse events have been identified. JF - MMWR. Morbidity and mortality weekly report AU - Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) AD - Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) Y1 - 2000/04/28/ PY - 2000 DA - 2000 Apr 28 SP - 341 EP - 345 VL - 49 IS - 16 SN - 0149-2195, 0149-2195 KW - Bacterial Vaccines KW - 0 KW - Index Medicus KW - United States KW - Adverse Drug Reaction Reporting Systems KW - Humans KW - Immunization Programs KW - Male KW - Female KW - Population Surveillance KW - Bacterial Vaccines -- adverse effects KW - Anthrax -- immunology KW - Military Personnel KW - Biological Warfare -- prevention & control KW - Anthrax -- prevention & control KW - Bacillus anthracis -- immunology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/71115947?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=MMWR.+Morbidity+and+mortality+weekly+report&rft.atitle=Surveillance+for+adverse+events+associated+with+anthrax+vaccination--U.S.+Department+of+Defense%2C+1998-2000.&rft.au=Centers+for+Disease+Control+and+Prevention+%28CDC%29&rft.aulast=Centers+for+Disease+Control+and+Prevention+%28CDC%29&rft.aufirst=&rft.date=2000-04-28&rft.volume=49&rft.issue=16&rft.spage=341&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=MMWR.+Morbidity+and+mortality+weekly+report&rft.issn=01492195&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 2000-05-19 N1 - Date created - 2000-05-19 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Assessing risk communication effectiveness: perspectives of agency practitioners AN - 17652819; 4711066 AB - A study conducted by the Agency for Toxic Substances and Disease Registry (ATSDR), a US public health agency, evaluated ATSDR's risk communication process, specifically the roles and responsibilities, planning, implementation, and coordination of activities in response to illegal indoor spraying of methyl parathion, a hazardous pesticide, in Pascagoula, MS. Interviews of staff members involved in the intervention were conducted and an analysis revealed strengths and areas in need of improvement in the design and implementation of risk communication strategies. Key recommendations induced developing a clear strategy for planning and conducting communication activities; determining staff roles and responsibilities for coordination; and developing clear and consistent health messages, a dissemination strategy, and training in the delivery and evaluation of messages, effects, and outcomes. JF - Journal of Hazardous Materials AU - Tinker, T L AU - Collins, C M AU - King, H S AU - Hoover, MD AD - Division of Health Education and Promotion, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, 1600 Clifton Road, NE, MS E33, Atlanta, GA 30333, USA, txt2@cdc.gov Y1 - 2000/04/03/ PY - 2000 DA - 2000 Apr 03 SP - 117 EP - 127 VL - 73 IS - 2 SN - 0304-3894, 0304-3894 KW - Agency for Toxic Substances and Disease Registry KW - USA, Mississippi, Pascagoula KW - methyl parathion KW - Risk Abstracts; Pollution Abstracts KW - Hazards KW - Public information KW - Sprays KW - Toxic materials KW - Communications KW - Pesticides KW - Indoor environments KW - Government agencies KW - R2 23090:Policy and planning KW - P 9000:ENVIRONMENTAL ACTION UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/17652819?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Ariskabstracts&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Hazardous+Materials&rft.atitle=Assessing+risk+communication+effectiveness%3A+perspectives+of+agency+practitioners&rft.au=Tinker%2C+T+L%3BCollins%2C+C+M%3BKing%2C+H+S%3BHoover%2C+MD&rft.aulast=Tinker&rft.aufirst=T&rft.date=2000-04-03&rft.volume=73&rft.issue=2&rft.spage=117&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+Hazardous+Materials&rft.issn=03043894&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Public information; Communications; Pesticides; Toxic materials; Government agencies; Indoor environments; Sprays; Hazards ER - TY - JOUR T1 - National Trends in Intimate Partner Homicide. United States, 1976-1995 AN - 877588507; 13501911 AB - The authors investigated U.S. trends in intimate partner homicide stratified by relationship type and race during the period 1976 to 1995. Data sources were the Supplemental Homicide Reports and the United States Current Population Survey. Rates of homicide victimization decreased during the past 20 years among all intimate partners except for White, unmarried females. The authors explore possible explanations for these trends. Results replicate previous findings regarding downward national trends in partner homicides, but with three methodological differneces. The authors examined spouses and exspouses separately, used de- nominator data that were specific to the population at risk, and included same-sex partners. JF - Violence Against Women AU - Puzone, Carol A AU - Saltzman, Linda E AU - KRESNOW, MARCIE-JO AU - Thompson, Martie P AU - Mercy, James A AD - National Center for Injury Prevention and Control Y1 - 2000/04// PY - 2000 DA - Apr 2000 SP - 409 EP - 426 PB - Sage Publications Ltd., 6 Bonhill St. London EC2A 4PU UK VL - 6 IS - 4 SN - 1077-8012, 1077-8012 KW - Risk Abstracts KW - USA KW - homicide KW - domestic violence KW - victimization KW - Violence KW - R2 23060:Medical and environmental health UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/877588507?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Ariskabstracts&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Violence+Against+Women&rft.atitle=National+Trends+in+Intimate+Partner+Homicide.+United+States%2C+1976-1995&rft.au=Puzone%2C+Carol+A%3BSaltzman%2C+Linda+E%3BKRESNOW%2C+MARCIE-JO%3BThompson%2C+Martie+P%3BMercy%2C+James+A&rft.aulast=Puzone&rft.aufirst=Carol&rft.date=2000-04-01&rft.volume=6&rft.issue=4&rft.spage=409&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Violence+Against+Women&rft.issn=10778012&rft_id=info:doi/10.1177%2F10778010022181912 LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2010-10-01 N1 - Last updated - 2012-03-29 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - homicide; domestic violence; victimization; Violence; USA DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/10778010022181912 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Human health effects after exposure to 2,3,7,8-TCDD. AN - 71260358; 10912244 AB - In 1949, the first descriptions of human exposure to 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin (2,3,7,8-TCDD)-contaminated chemicals were reported after a trichlorophenol reactor explosion in Nitro, West Virginia, USA. Reported non-cancer health effects included a range of conditions affecting most systems. Additional reports of the health consequences of exposure continued through the remainder of the century. The majority of effects have been reported among highly exposed groups including occupational populations, such as chemical production workers, pesticide applicators, and individuals who handled or were exposed to materials treated with 2,3,7,8-TCDD-contaminated pesticides, and among residents of communities contaminated with tainted waste oil (Missouri, USA) and industrial effluent (Seveso, Italy). For only six exposed populations were biological measurements of 2,3,7,8-TCDD-contaminated collected and used to examine the relationship between non-cancer health effects and exposure. Of the many non-cancer health effects thought to be associated with 2,3,7,8-TCDD exposure, only chloracne, elevations in GGT and triglyceride levels, and alterations in FSH and LH were related to serum 2,3,7,8-TCDD levels. Mortality from cardiovascular diseases also appeared to be elevated among cohorts of exposed chemical workers and Seveso residents. Continued surveillance of the health of exposed populations will be useful in identifying the long-term effects of both high and low 2,3,7,8-TCDD exposure. JF - Food additives and contaminants AU - Sweeney, M H AU - Mocarelli, P AD - National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, Education and Information Division, Cincinatti, OH 45226-1988, USA. mhs2@cdc.gov Y1 - 2000/04// PY - 2000 DA - April 2000 SP - 303 EP - 316 VL - 17 IS - 4 SN - 0265-203X, 0265-203X KW - Environmental Pollutants KW - 0 KW - Polychlorinated Dibenzodioxins KW - Index Medicus KW - Immune System -- drug effects KW - Accidents KW - Humans KW - Chemical and Drug Induced Liver Injury KW - Occupational Exposure -- adverse effects KW - Skin Diseases -- chemically induced KW - Nervous System Diseases -- chemically induced KW - Lipid Metabolism KW - Liver Diseases -- metabolism KW - Polychlorinated Dibenzodioxins -- adverse effects KW - Environmental Pollutants -- adverse effects UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/71260358?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Food+additives+and+contaminants&rft.atitle=Human+health+effects+after+exposure+to+2%2C3%2C7%2C8-TCDD.&rft.au=Sweeney%2C+M+H%3BMocarelli%2C+P&rft.aulast=Sweeney&rft.aufirst=M&rft.date=2000-04-01&rft.volume=17&rft.issue=4&rft.spage=303&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Food+additives+and+contaminants&rft.issn=0265203X&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 2000-08-22 N1 - Date created - 2000-08-22 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Hemoglobin potentiates the production of reactive oxygen species by alveolar macrophages. AN - 71139805; 10813091 AB - The objectives of this investigation were (1) to determine the effects of hemoglobin on the production of reactive oxygen species by activated rat alveolar macrophages, (2) to determine a possible mechanism for these effects, and (3) to determine which part of the hemoglobin molecule is responsible for these effects. Production of reactive oxygen species by phorbol myristate acetate (PMA)-stimulated cells was assessed by measuring luminol-enhanced chemiluminescence (CL). Hemoglobin enhances PMA-stimulated CL in a dose-dependent manner. The effect is maximal at 0.5-1.0 microM hemoglobin where PMA-induced CL is increased by approximately 20-fold. Superoxide anion release from PMA-stimulated cells is not affected by hemoglobin. However, the hemoglobin-induced enhancement of PMA-stimulated CL is inhibited by superoxide dismutase, catalase, dimethylthiourea, or deferoxamine. These results suggest that hydroxyl radical may be formed from hydrogen peroxide which is derived from superoxide anion. Measurements of electron spin resonance spectra following spin trapping of radicals verify that hydroxyl radicals are produced by the cells in the presence of PMA and hemoglobin. The hemoglobin effects appear to require iron in a protoporphyrin complex, because hemin stimulates PMA-induced CL, whereas neither ferrous nor ferric iron has any effect. These findings taken together suggest that hemoglobin can act as a biological Fenton reagent to enhance the production of reactive oxygen species from alveolar macrophages and potentially contribute to lung damage during leakage of blood into the alveolar spaces. JF - Experimental lung research AU - Huffman, L J AU - Miles, P R AU - Shi, X AU - Bowman, L AD - Health Effects Laboratory Division, National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, Morgantown, West Virginia, USA. ljh3@cdc.gov PY - 2000 SP - 203 EP - 217 VL - 26 IS - 3 SN - 0190-2148, 0190-2148 KW - Free Radical Scavengers KW - 0 KW - Hemoglobins KW - Protoporphyrins KW - Reactive Oxygen Species KW - Superoxides KW - 11062-77-4 KW - Hemin KW - 743LRP9S7N KW - Iron KW - E1UOL152H7 KW - Tetradecanoylphorbol Acetate KW - NI40JAQ945 KW - Index Medicus KW - Animals KW - Iron -- pharmacology KW - Protoporphyrins -- pharmacology KW - Cell Culture Techniques KW - Macrophage Activation -- drug effects KW - Rats KW - Hemin -- pharmacology KW - Superoxides -- metabolism KW - Rats, Sprague-Dawley KW - Luminescent Measurements KW - Electron Spin Resonance Spectroscopy KW - Tetradecanoylphorbol Acetate -- pharmacology KW - Free Radical Scavengers -- pharmacology KW - Male KW - Macrophages, Alveolar -- metabolism KW - Reactive Oxygen Species -- metabolism KW - Hemoglobins -- pharmacology KW - Macrophages, Alveolar -- drug effects UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/71139805?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Experimental+lung+research&rft.atitle=Hemoglobin+potentiates+the+production+of+reactive+oxygen+species+by+alveolar+macrophages.&rft.au=Huffman%2C+L+J%3BMiles%2C+P+R%3BShi%2C+X%3BBowman%2C+L&rft.aulast=Huffman&rft.aufirst=L&rft.date=2000-04-01&rft.volume=26&rft.issue=3&rft.spage=203&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Experimental+lung+research&rft.issn=01902148&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 2000-08-09 N1 - Date created - 2000-08-09 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Exposure and absorption of hazardous materials through the skin. AN - 71139221; 10828145 JF - International journal of occupational and environmental health AU - Boeniger, M F AU - Lushniak, B D AD - National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, 4676 Columbia Parkway, R-12, Cincinnati, Ohio 45116, USA. bdt1@cdc.gov PY - 2000 SP - 148 EP - 150 VL - 6 IS - 2 SN - 1077-3525, 1077-3525 KW - Hazardous Substances KW - 0 KW - Index Medicus KW - United States KW - Threshold Limit Values KW - Maximum Allowable Concentration KW - In Vitro Techniques KW - Europe KW - Occupational Exposure -- prevention & control KW - Hazardous Substances -- adverse effects KW - Occupational Exposure -- standards KW - Skin Absorption KW - Hazardous Substances -- metabolism KW - Occupational Exposure -- analysis UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/71139221?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=International+journal+of+occupational+and+environmental+health&rft.atitle=Exposure+and+absorption+of+hazardous+materials+through+the+skin.&rft.au=Boeniger%2C+M+F%3BLushniak%2C+B+D&rft.aulast=Boeniger&rft.aufirst=M&rft.date=2000-04-01&rft.volume=6&rft.issue=2&rft.spage=148&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=International+journal+of+occupational+and+environmental+health&rft.issn=10773525&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 2000-07-24 N1 - Date created - 2000-07-24 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Dermal absorption and tissue disposition of 3,3',4, 4'-tetrachlorobiphenyl (TCB) in an ex-vivo pig model: assessing the impact of dermal exposure variables. AN - 71139184; 10828142 AB - TCB is one of the dioxin-like polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs). This research was designed to help assess the risk of occupational and environmental TCB exposure. To evaluate exposure variables' effects on dermal absorption and cutaneous disposition, 14C-TCB (40 microg/cm(2)) in acetone, methylene chloride, a water-acetone mixture, and a soil-based mixture were applied in an ex-vivo pig-skin-flap model (n = 4-5/treatment). Dermal absorption (0.11-0.66%, 8 hr) and penetration (1.14-2.48%) varied according to exposure conditions. Acetone and methylene chloride vehicles differed in absorption profiles and skin penetration patterns but were similar in absorption amounts. Adding water to the acetone did not change absorption but did alter the penetration pattern. The non-occluded soil-based mixture showed more absorption than did the liquid vehicles (p0.29%, 8 hr) and penetration (2.48-->1.11%). In conclusion, dermal absorption data from liquid-organic or aqueousorganic mixtures may underestimate the risk of exposure to TCB-contaminated soil. JF - International journal of occupational and environmental health AU - Qiao, G AU - Riviere, J E AD - NIOSH, Centers for Disease Control, Morgantown, WV 26505-2888, USA. gaq1@cdc.gov PY - 2000 SP - 127 EP - 137 VL - 6 IS - 2 SN - 1077-3525, 1077-3525 KW - Pharmaceutical Vehicles KW - 0 KW - Soil Pollutants KW - Polychlorinated Biphenyls KW - DFC2HB4I0K KW - Index Medicus KW - Swine KW - Animals KW - Soil Pollutants -- metabolism KW - Linear Models KW - Pharmacokinetics KW - Female KW - Skin -- drug effects KW - Skin Absorption KW - Polychlorinated Biphenyls -- metabolism UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/71139184?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=International+journal+of+occupational+and+environmental+health&rft.atitle=Dermal+absorption+and+tissue+disposition+of+3%2C3%27%2C4%2C+4%27-tetrachlorobiphenyl+%28TCB%29+in+an+ex-vivo+pig+model%3A+assessing+the+impact+of+dermal+exposure+variables.&rft.au=Qiao%2C+G%3BRiviere%2C+J+E&rft.aulast=Qiao&rft.aufirst=G&rft.date=2000-04-01&rft.volume=6&rft.issue=2&rft.spage=127&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=International+journal+of+occupational+and+environmental+health&rft.issn=10773525&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 2000-07-24 N1 - Date created - 2000-07-24 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - A meta-analysis of estrogen replacement therapy and risk of epithelial ovarian cancer. AN - 71086166; 10785567 AB - Estrogen replacement therapy (ERT) has not been associated with epithelial ovarian cancer in most reported epidemiologic studies that have looked for an association. Some studies may have found weak statistically nonsignificant associations because the number of cases or number of women who reported estrogen use was small. We performed a meta-analysis of data from 15 case-control studies that provided data on ERT and risk of epithelial ovarian cancer. The 15 combined studies were statistically heterogeneous (chi(2) (14) = 26. 3, P < 0.05) in terms of the effect they found. When we combined these studies using a random effects model, we did not find a significant association of ERT with ovarian cancer (odds ratio = 1.1, 95% confidence interval = 0.9-1.3). There was no clear evidence of a dose-response relation with increasing duration of estrogen use in a subset of five studies that reported estrogen use by duration (overall slope = 0.0012, 95% confidence interval = -0.0055 to 0. 0080). The influences of statistical outliers, study design (hospital or clinic controls vs. community controls), and location (U.S. and Canada vs. Europe and Australia) were examined. The odds ratio was 1.3 (95% confidence interval = 1.0-1.6) in the relatively homogeneous subset of four U.S. case-control studies with community controls, but we cannot rule out the possibility of uncontrolled confounding. The odds ratios for estrogen use for other subgroups defined by geographic location and type of control group were not significantly different from one. JF - Journal of clinical epidemiology AU - Coughlin, S S AU - Giustozzi, A AU - Smith, S J AU - Lee, N C AD - Division of Cancer Prevention and Control, National Center for Chronic Disease Prevention and Health Promotion, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, 4770 Buford Highway, NE (K-55), Atlanta, GA 30341, USA. SIC9@CDC.Gov Y1 - 2000/04// PY - 2000 DA - April 2000 SP - 367 EP - 375 VL - 53 IS - 4 SN - 0895-4356, 0895-4356 KW - Index Medicus KW - Odds Ratio KW - Dose-Response Relationship, Drug KW - Risk Factors KW - Humans KW - Confounding Factors (Epidemiology) KW - Case-Control Studies KW - Confidence Intervals KW - Female KW - Neoplasms, Glandular and Epithelial -- epidemiology KW - Estrogen Replacement Therapy -- adverse effects KW - Estrogen Replacement Therapy -- statistics & numerical data KW - Ovarian Neoplasms -- chemically induced KW - Neoplasms, Glandular and Epithelial -- chemically induced KW - Ovarian Neoplasms -- epidemiology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/71086166?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+clinical+epidemiology&rft.atitle=A+meta-analysis+of+estrogen+replacement+therapy+and+risk+of+epithelial+ovarian+cancer.&rft.au=Coughlin%2C+S+S%3BGiustozzi%2C+A%3BSmith%2C+S+J%3BLee%2C+N+C&rft.aulast=Coughlin&rft.aufirst=S&rft.date=2000-04-01&rft.volume=53&rft.issue=4&rft.spage=367&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+clinical+epidemiology&rft.issn=08954356&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 2000-05-25 N1 - Date created - 2000-05-25 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - An overview of the 1999 US Public Health Service/Infectious Diseases Society of America guidelines for preventing opportunistic infections in human immunodeficiency virus-infected persons. AN - 71052250; 10770912 JF - Clinical infectious diseases : an official publication of the Infectious Diseases Society of America AU - Kaplan, J E AU - Masur, H AU - Holmes, K K AU - Freedberg, K A AU - Holtgrave, D AU - Piscitelli, S C AU - Van Dyke, R AU - Watts, H AD - Division of HIV/AIDS Prevention, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA 30333, USA. jxk2@cdc.gov. Y1 - 2000/04// PY - 2000 DA - April 2000 SP - S15 EP - S28 VL - 30 Suppl 1 SN - 1058-4838, 1058-4838 KW - RNA, Viral KW - 0 KW - Index Medicus KW - AIDS/HIV KW - Drug Interactions KW - Public Health KW - Humans KW - Cost-Benefit Analysis KW - Guidelines as Topic KW - CD4 Lymphocyte Count KW - RNA, Viral -- blood KW - AIDS-Related Opportunistic Infections -- prevention & control UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/71052250?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Clinical+infectious+diseases+%3A+an+official+publication+of+the+Infectious+Diseases+Society+of+America&rft.atitle=An+overview+of+the+1999+US+Public+Health+Service%2FInfectious+Diseases+Society+of+America+guidelines+for+preventing+opportunistic+infections+in+human+immunodeficiency+virus-infected+persons.&rft.au=Kaplan%2C+J+E%3BMasur%2C+H%3BHolmes%2C+K+K%3BFreedberg%2C+K+A%3BHoltgrave%2C+D%3BPiscitelli%2C+S+C%3BVan+Dyke%2C+R%3BWatts%2C+H&rft.aulast=Kaplan&rft.aufirst=J&rft.date=2000-04-01&rft.volume=30+Suppl+1&rft.issue=&rft.spage=S15&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Clinical+infectious+diseases+%3A+an+official+publication+of+the+Infectious+Diseases+Society+of+America&rft.issn=10584838&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 2000-07-06 N1 - Date created - 2000-07-06 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Neurologic function among termiticide applicators exposed to chlorpyrifos. AN - 71015746; 10753086 AB - Chlorpyrifos is a moderately toxic organophosphate pesticide. Houses and lawns in the United States receive a total of approximately 20 million annual chlorpyrifos treatments, and 82% of U.S. adults have detectable levels of a chlorpyrifos metabolite (3,5, 6-trichloro-2-pyridinol; TCP) in the urine. The U.S. Environmental Protection Agency has estimated that there are 5,000 yearly reported cases of accidental chlorpyrifos poisoning, and approximately one-fourth of these cases exhibit symptoms. Organophosphates affect the nervous system, but there are few epidemiologic data on chlorpyrifos neurotoxicity. We studied neurologic function in 191 current and former termiticide applicators who had an average of 2.4 years applying chlorpyrifos and 2.5 years applying other pesticides, and we compared them to 189 nonexposed controls. The average urinary TCP level for 65 recently exposed applicators was 629.5 microg/L, as compared to 4.5 microg/L for the general U.S. population. The exposed group did not differ significantly from the nonexposed group for any test in the clinical examination. Few significant differences were found in nerve conduction velocity, arm/hand tremor, vibrotactile sensitivity, vision, smell, visual/motor skills, or neurobehavioral skills. The exposed group did not perform as well as the nonexposed group in pegboard turning tests and some postural sway tests. The exposed subjects also reported significantly more symptoms, including memory problems, emotional states, fatigue, and loss of muscle strength; our more quantitative tests may not have been adequate to detect these symptoms. Eight men who reported past chlorpyrifos poisoning had a pattern of low performance on a number of tests, which is consistent with prior reports of chronic effects of organophosphate poisoning. Overall, the lack of exposure effects on the clinical examination was reassuring. The findings for self-reported symptoms raise some concern, as does the finding of low performance for those reporting prior poisoning. Although this was a relatively large study based on a well-defined target population, the workers we studied may not be representative of all exposed workers, and caution should be exercised in generalizing our results. JF - Environmental health perspectives AU - Steenland, K AU - Dick, R B AU - Howell, R J AU - Chrislip, D W AU - Hines, C J AU - Reid, T M AU - Lehman, E AU - Laber, P AU - Krieg, E F AU - Knott, C AD - National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, Cincinnati, OH 45226, USA. kns1@cdc.gov Y1 - 2000/04// PY - 2000 DA - April 2000 SP - 293 EP - 300 VL - 108 IS - 4 SN - 0091-6765, 0091-6765 KW - Insecticides KW - 0 KW - Chlorpyrifos KW - JCS58I644W KW - Index Medicus KW - Occupational Exposure KW - Pest Control KW - Humans KW - Adult KW - Incidence KW - Middle Aged KW - Male KW - Insecticides -- adverse effects KW - Nervous System Diseases -- epidemiology KW - Chlorpyrifos -- adverse effects KW - Nervous System Diseases -- chemically induced UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/71015746?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Environmental+health+perspectives&rft.atitle=Neurologic+function+among+termiticide+applicators+exposed+to+chlorpyrifos.&rft.au=Steenland%2C+K%3BDick%2C+R+B%3BHowell%2C+R+J%3BChrislip%2C+D+W%3BHines%2C+C+J%3BReid%2C+T+M%3BLehman%2C+E%3BLaber%2C+P%3BKrieg%2C+E+F%3BKnott%2C+C&rft.aulast=Steenland&rft.aufirst=K&rft.date=2000-04-01&rft.volume=108&rft.issue=4&rft.spage=293&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Environmental+health+perspectives&rft.issn=00916765&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 2000-06-29 N1 - Date created - 2000-06-29 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - SuppNotes - Cited By: J Toxicol Environ Health. 1995 Feb;44(2):135-65 [7531775] Am J Public Health. 1994 May;84(5):731-6 [8179040] Dev Med Child Neurol. 1995 Oct;37(10):861-78 [7493720] Laryngoscope. 1996 Mar;106(3 Pt 1):353-6 [8614203] Environ Res. 1995 Nov;71(2):99-108 [8977618] J Clin Invest. 1997 Jan 1;99(1):62-6 [9011577] Lancet. 1997 Apr 19;349(9059):1161-6 [9113024] Occup Environ Med. 1997 Apr;54(4):229-35 [9166127] Br J Pharmacol. 1997 Sep;122(2):265-8 [9313934] Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol. 1997 Nov;17(11):2935-9 [9409279] Occup Environ Med. 1998 Jan;55(1):65-70 [9536166] Vet Hum Toxicol. 1999 Apr;41(2):87-92 [10192137] Acta Ophthalmol (Copenh). 1982 Dec;60(6):907-16 [6984998] Am J Public Health. 1987 Feb;77(2):191-4 [3799859] Arch Toxicol. 1986 Oct;59(3):176-9 [2434058] Arch Environ Health. 1988 Jan-Feb;43(1):38-45 [3355242] Br J Ind Med. 1989 Feb;46(2):133-7 [2466478] Am Ind Hyg Assoc J. 1989 Sep;50(9):466-72 [2801514] Neurotoxicol Teratol. 1990 Jan-Feb;12(1):1-6 [2314356] Toxicol Ind Health. 1990 May-Jul;6(3-4):349-71 [1700500] Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1990 Nov;87(22):8923-7 [2247466] Lancet. 1991 Jul 27;338(8761):223-7 [1676786] Am J Ind Med. 1991;20(4):495-504 [1785613] J Pediatr. 1993 Apr;122(4):658-60 [7681876] Nat Genet. 1993 Jan;3(1):73-6 [8098250] J Toxicol Environ Health. 1993 Oct-Nov;40(2-3):337-46 [7693961] Neurology. 1993 Nov;43(11):2193-6 [7694187] Environ Health Perspect. 1995 Jul-Aug;103(7-8):690-4 [7588480] N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Levels of methyleugenol in a subset of adults in the general U.S. population as determined by high resolution mass spectrometry. AN - 71006192; 10753090 AB - We developed a sensitive and accurate analytical method for quantifying methyleugenol (ME) in human serum. Our method uses a simple solid-phase extraction followed by a highly specific analysis using isotope dilution gas chromatography-high resolution mass spectrometry. Our method is very accurate; its limit of detection is 3.1 pg/g and its average coefficient of variation is 14% over a 200-pg/g range. We applied this method to measure serum ME concentrations in adults in the general U.S. population. ME was detected in 98% of our samples, with a mean ME concentration of 24 pg/g (range < 3.1-390 pg/g). Lipid adjustment of the data did not alter the distribution. Bivariate and multivariate analyses using selected demographic variables showed only marginal relationships between race/ethnicity and sex/fasting status with serum ME concentrations. Although no demographic variable was a good predictor of ME exposure or dose, our data indicate prevalent exposure of U.S. adults to ME. Detailed pharmacokinetic studies are required to determine the relationship between ME intake and human serum ME concentrations. JF - Environmental health perspectives AU - Barr, D B AU - Barr, J R AU - Bailey, S L AU - Lapeza, C R AU - Beeson, M D AU - Caudill, S P AU - Maggio, V L AU - Schecter, A AU - Masten, S A AU - Lucier, G W AU - Needham, L L AU - Sampson, E J AD - Division of Laboratory Sciences, National Center for Environmental Health, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA 30341, USA. dlb1@cdc.gov Y1 - 2000/04// PY - 2000 DA - April 2000 SP - 323 EP - 328 VL - 108 IS - 4 SN - 0091-6765, 0091-6765 KW - Carcinogens KW - 0 KW - methyleugenol KW - 29T9VA6R7M KW - Eugenol KW - 3T8H1794QW KW - Index Medicus KW - United States KW - Sensitivity and Specificity KW - Reference Values KW - Humans KW - Adult KW - Environmental Exposure KW - Aged KW - Middle Aged KW - Adolescent KW - Male KW - Female KW - Eugenol -- blood KW - Eugenol -- analogs & derivatives KW - Mass Spectrometry -- methods KW - Carcinogens -- analysis KW - Mass Spectrometry -- standards UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/71006192?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Environmental+health+perspectives&rft.atitle=Levels+of+methyleugenol+in+a+subset+of+adults+in+the+general+U.S.+population+as+determined+by+high+resolution+mass+spectrometry.&rft.au=Barr%2C+D+B%3BBarr%2C+J+R%3BBailey%2C+S+L%3BLapeza%2C+C+R%3BBeeson%2C+M+D%3BCaudill%2C+S+P%3BMaggio%2C+V+L%3BSchecter%2C+A%3BMasten%2C+S+A%3BLucier%2C+G+W%3BNeedham%2C+L+L%3BSampson%2C+E+J&rft.aulast=Barr&rft.aufirst=D&rft.date=2000-04-01&rft.volume=108&rft.issue=4&rft.spage=323&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Environmental+health+perspectives&rft.issn=00916765&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 2000-06-29 N1 - Date created - 2000-06-29 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - SuppNotes - Cited By: Biomed Mass Spectrom. 1979 Jun;6(6):225-30 [476286] Cancer Res. 1983 Mar;43(3):1124-34 [6825084] J Chromatogr. 1990 Feb 23;525(2):369-77 [2329164] Environ Health Perspect. 1998 Oct;106(10):623-7 [9755136] Chem Res Toxicol. 1996 Jun;9(4):713-21 [8831815] Toxicol Ind Health. 1996 May-Aug;12(3-4):507-13 [8843567] J Chromatogr B Biomed Appl. 1995 Jan 20;663(2):255-62 [7735473] N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Military injuries and public health: An introduction AN - 18446014; 5428345 AB - The series of papers reported in this issue of the American Journal of Preventive Medicine is a landmark for the field of injury prevention and control. The articles in this report provide a detailed picture of the biggest health threat confronting the U.S. Armed Forces. For the first time, military data on injuries and their magnitude, severity, and causes are carefully described and, where appropriate, are linked with potential prevention strategies. In his commentary, General Peake1 speculates on why it has taken so long to focus on injuries in the military, given the historical advances of the military in fighting infectious and communicable diseases. These papers show why attention should be directed now to injuries. The papers also document how military health and readiness depend on an intensive effort to control injuries, in a way similar to the need for control of infectious and communicable diseases in the past. JF - American Journal of Preventive Medicine AU - Sleet, DA AU - Jones, B H AU - Amoroso, P J AD - Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, National Center for Injury Prevention and Control, Atlanta, Georgia, USA Y1 - 2000/04// PY - 2000 DA - Apr 2000 SP - 1 EP - 3 VL - 18 IS - 3 SN - 0749-3797, 0749-3797 KW - Physical Education Index KW - PE 090:Sports Medicine & Exercise Sport Science UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/18446014?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aphysicaleducation&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=American+Journal+of+Preventive+Medicine&rft.atitle=Military+injuries+and+public+health%3A+An+introduction&rft.au=Sleet%2C+DA%3BJones%2C+B+H%3BAmoroso%2C+P+J&rft.aulast=Sleet&rft.aufirst=DA&rft.date=2000-04-01&rft.volume=18&rft.issue=3&rft.spage=1&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=American+Journal+of+Preventive+Medicine&rft.issn=07493797&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - Physical Education Index N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - A Pooled Analysis of the Iraqi and Seychelles Methylmercury Studies AN - 17668063; 4754543 AB - Several epidemiology studies have investigated the impact of maternal exposure to methylmercury (MeHg) on childhood development of the central nervous system (CNS). In the present report, data from the Iraqi episode that occurred in 1970 from contaminated grain are integrated with those from a more recent study of a population with a high fish intake in the Seychelles Islands. The latter study had many more subjects whose mercury hair levels that were much lower and more representative of levels typically found in consumers whose MeHg exposure is from fish. The age of onset of talking (AOT), the age of onset of walking (AOW) and a combined measure (CM) that integrated the two were used as common scales of MeHg effect for the two studies. The first step of the analyses involved the construction of separate two-dimensional cumulative frequency tables for each study for different groups spanning the range of hair levels and observed effect for each measure. Models were then fit to the values in the tables. After optimizing the fit of each model, a weighting algorithm that rewards for fit and penalizes for the number of parameters in the model was used to identify the best 200 models. The same algorithm was then used to assign a probability to each model in a probability tree. A two-dimensional Monte-Carlo simulation using the resulting function in combination with exposure values typical of U.S. consumers yielded predicted delays in AOT, AOW, and CM attributable to fish consumption in a variable and uncertain range of 0.000 to 1 day. JF - Human and Ecological Risk Assessment AU - Carrington, C D AU - Bolger, P M AD - U.S. Food and Drug Administration, Washington, DC, USA, cdc@cfsan.fda.gov Y1 - 2000/04// PY - 2000 DA - Apr 2000 SP - 323 EP - 340 PB - CRC Press LLC, 2000 Corporate Blvd., NW Boca Raton FL 33431 USA, [mailto:journals@crcpress.com], [URL:http://www.crcpress.com] VL - 6 IS - 2 SN - 1080-7039, 1080-7039 KW - maternal transfer KW - Health & Safety Science Abstracts; Pollution Abstracts KW - Methylmercury KW - Food contamination KW - Pregnancy KW - Seafood KW - Infants KW - H 4000:Food and Drugs KW - P 6000:TOXICOLOGY AND HEALTH UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/17668063?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Apollution&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Human+and+Ecological+Risk+Assessment&rft.atitle=A+Pooled+Analysis+of+the+Iraqi+and+Seychelles+Methylmercury+Studies&rft.au=Carrington%2C+C+D%3BBolger%2C+P+M&rft.aulast=Carrington&rft.aufirst=C&rft.date=2000-04-01&rft.volume=6&rft.issue=2&rft.spage=323&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Human+and+Ecological+Risk+Assessment&rft.issn=10807039&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Seafood; Food contamination; Methylmercury; Infants; Pregnancy ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Update on acute otitis media AN - 17599585; 4710670 AB - The increase in drug-resistant Streptococcus pneumoniae has led to concerns about antibiotic resistance. Otitis media is the leading indication for antibiotic use in the United States. Evidence suggests that antibiotics do provide benefit to children with documented acute otitis media, and that carefully selected children may respond to shorter courses of antibiotics. Despite the increase in resistance, amoxicillin remains the drug of choice for acute otitis media even in areas with high levels of resistance. Pneumococcal conjugate vaccine and live attenuated influenza vaccine, which may be licensed in the future, will both have an impact on acute otitis media. During the next few years, these vaccines, along with more stringent diagnostic criteria, and more judicious use of antibiotics, may all contribute towards reducing the incidence of acute otitis media, the number of antibiotic prescriptions given and the adverse impact of antimicrobial resistance. JF - Current Opinion in Infectious Diseases AU - Balter, SE AU - Dowell, S F AD - Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, 1600 Clifton Road, MS E-61, Atlanta, GA 30333, USA, stb7@cdc.gov Y1 - 2000/04// PY - 2000 DA - Apr 2000 SP - 165 EP - 170 VL - 13 IS - 2 SN - 0951-7375, 0951-7375 KW - Microbiology Abstracts B: Bacteriology KW - Amoxicillin KW - Streptococcus pneumoniae KW - Otitis media KW - Children KW - Vaccination KW - Antibiotic resistance KW - J 02845:Ear, nose and respiratory tract UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/17599585?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologyb&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Current+Opinion+in+Infectious+Diseases&rft.atitle=Update+on+acute+otitis+media&rft.au=Balter%2C+SE%3BDowell%2C+S+F&rft.aulast=Balter&rft.aufirst=SE&rft.date=2000-04-01&rft.volume=13&rft.issue=2&rft.spage=165&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Current+Opinion+in+Infectious+Diseases&rft.issn=09517375&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Streptococcus pneumoniae; Otitis media; Antibiotic resistance; Children; Amoxicillin; Vaccination ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Preventable Risk Factors for Nasal Cancer AN - 17599039; 4718287 AB - PURPOSE: To determine preventable risk factors for cancers of the nasal cavity and paranasal sinuses in the United States, we analyzed data from the population-based, case-control Selected Cancers Study. METHODS: Cases were men born between 1929 and 1953 who were diagnosed with primary nasal cancer between 1984 and 1988 and identified from population-based cancer registries; we narrowed the cohort to 70 subjects whose diagnosis of nasal cancer was confirmed by pathology review. All living controls interviewed for the Selected Cancers Study were included as the comparison group (n = 1910); they were recruited by random-digit dial telephone and were frequency-matched to the lymphoma cases of the Selected Cancers Study by geographic area and age. Both cases and controls were interviewed by telephone. RESULTS: Logistic regression analyses showed that cases were 2.5 times more likely than controls to have smoked cigarettes [95% confidence interval (CI) = 1.1-5.3], and 2.2 times more likely to have worked in selected occupations, including lawn care, forestry, and maintenance of highway right-of-way areas (CI = 1.2-3.7). These occupations may cause workers to be exposed to pesticides or herbicides. The population attributable risk (PAR) was 53% for having ever smoked cigarettes. CONCLUSIONS: The study results suggest that among U.S. men, some nasal cancer may be preventable by avoiding cigarette smoking. JF - Annals of Epidemiology AU - Caplan, L S AU - Hall, H I AU - Levine, R S AU - Zhu, K AD - Epidemiology and Health Services Research Branch, Division of Cancer Prevention and Control, National Center for Chronic Disease Prevention and Health Promotion, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, 4770 Buford Highway, NE (K-55), Atlanta, GA 30341, USA Y1 - 2000/04// PY - 2000 DA - Apr 2000 SP - 186 EP - 191 VL - 10 IS - 3 SN - 1047-2797, 1047-2797 KW - USA KW - paranasal sinus KW - Risk Abstracts; Health & Safety Science Abstracts KW - Herbicides KW - Cancer KW - Cigarette smoking KW - Pesticides KW - Occupational exposure KW - R2 23080:Industrial and labor KW - H 1000:Occupational Safety and Health UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/17599039?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Ariskabstracts&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Annals+of+Epidemiology&rft.atitle=Preventable+Risk+Factors+for+Nasal+Cancer&rft.au=Caplan%2C+L+S%3BHall%2C+H+I%3BLevine%2C+R+S%3BZhu%2C+K&rft.aulast=Caplan&rft.aufirst=L&rft.date=2000-04-01&rft.volume=10&rft.issue=3&rft.spage=186&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Annals+of+Epidemiology&rft.issn=10472797&rft_id=info:doi/10.1016%2FS1047-2797%2899%2900049-6 LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Occupational exposure; Pesticides; Herbicides; Cigarette smoking; Cancer DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S1047-2797(99)00049-6 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Determinants of condom use in female sex workers in Surabaya, Indonesia AN - 17592120; 4708704 AB - In the developing world condom use among sex workers and their clients plays a dominant role in the transmission of HIV/STD. In Surabaya, Indonesia, data from the 1993 STD prevalence survey in female sex workers (brothels, street, massage parlours, barber shops, call-girl houses, and nightclubs) reveal that only 5% (33/692) of the brothel workers and 14% (25/177) of the street walkers had condoms in their possession at the time of the interview. During the last paid sexual intercourse, sex workers from the brothels, streets, and nightclubs used condoms infrequently (14%, 20%, and 25%, respectively). Sex workers from massage parlours, barber shops, and call girls were about 5 to 3 times more likely to use condoms than sex workers from nightclubs (adjusted odds ratio of 3.5, 4.9, and 4.2, respectively); thus condom promotion programmes should be targeted at sex workers at brothels, streets, and nightclubs. Programmes should include: (1) free distribution of condoms to sex establishments at the initial stage, and condom social marketing at later stages; (2) penalties, including legal sanctions, against any sex establishments that do not consistently use condoms; (3) participation of brothel owners and madams in encouraging sex workers to consistently have clients use condoms during sexual intercourse; and (4) establishment of sentinel surveillance to monitor STD/HIV and condom-use compliance. JF - International Journal of STD & AIDS AU - Joesoef, M R AU - Kio, D AU - Linnan, M AU - Kamboji, A AU - Barakbah, Y AU - Idajadi, A AD - Division of STD Prevention, MS-E02, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), Atlanta, GA 30333, USA Y1 - 2000/04// PY - 2000 DA - Apr 2000 SP - 262 EP - 265 VL - 11 IS - 4 SN - 0956-4624, 0956-4624 KW - HIV KW - Indonesia, Surabaya KW - condoms KW - prostitution KW - sexual behavior KW - Health & Safety Science Abstracts; Virology & AIDS Abstracts KW - Condoms KW - Sexually-transmitted diseases KW - Human immunodeficiency virus KW - Prostitution KW - Females KW - Sexual behavior KW - H 11000:Diseases/Injuries/Trauma KW - V 22006:AIDS: Other aspects UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/17592120?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Ahealthsafetyabstracts&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=International+Journal+of+STD+%26+AIDS&rft.atitle=Determinants+of+condom+use+in+female+sex+workers+in+Surabaya%2C+Indonesia&rft.au=Joesoef%2C+M+R%3BKio%2C+D%3BLinnan%2C+M%3BKamboji%2C+A%3BBarakbah%2C+Y%3BIdajadi%2C+A&rft.aulast=Joesoef&rft.aufirst=M&rft.date=2000-04-01&rft.volume=11&rft.issue=4&rft.spage=262&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=International+Journal+of+STD+%26+AIDS&rft.issn=09564624&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Human immunodeficiency virus; Sexually-transmitted diseases; Sexual behavior; Condoms; Prostitution; Females ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Dermatotoxicokinetic Modeling of p-Nitrophenol and Its Conjugation Metabolite in Swine following Topical and Intravenous Administration AN - 17539852; 4716687 AB - The development of a dermatotoxicokinetic (dTK) model for p-nitrophenol (PNP), a common metabolite from a variety of compounds and a biomarker of organophosphate (OP) insecticide exposure, may facilitate the kinetic modeling and risk assessment strategy for its parent compounds. In order to quantify and then clarify in vivo-in vitro correlation of PNP disposition, multicompartment kinetic models were formulated. Female weanling pigs were dosed with [ super(14)C]PNP intravenously (150 mu g in ethanol, n = 4) or topically onto non-occluded abdominal skin (300 mu g/7.5cm super(2) in ethanol, n = 4). PNP and p-nitrophenyl- beta -D-glucuronide (PNP-G) profiles were determined in plasma and urine in addition to total super(14)C quantitation in many other samples. Disposition parameters (rate constants, F sub(top), T sub(1/2), T sub(1/2Ka), AUC, Vss, C sub(lp), MAT, and MRT) and the simulated chemical mass-time profiles on the dosed skin surface and in the local, systemic, and excretory compartments were also determined. Total recoveries of 97.17 plus or minus 4.18% and 99.80 plus or minus 2.41% were obtained from topical and intravenous experiments, respectively. Ninety-six hours after topical and intravenous application, 70.92 plus or minus 9.72% and 98.65 plus or minus 2.43% of the dose were excreted via urine, and 0.55 plus or minus 0.16% and 0.51 plus or minus 0.10% via the fecal route, respectively. Peak excretion rate and time were also determined. It was suggested by experimental observation and modeling that urinary super(14)C excretion correlates with the systemic tissue depletion profile well and may be used as a biomarker of PNP exposure. This study also supports the strategy of using urinary PNP as a biomonitoring tool for OP pesticide exposure, although some precautions have to be taken. The strategy used in this study will be useful in comprehensive dTK modeling in dermal risk assessment and transdermal drug delivery. JF - Toxicological Sciences AU - Qiao, G L AU - Chang, S K AU - Brooks, J D AU - Riviere, JE AD - National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH), CDC, Morgantown, West Virginia 26505, USA Y1 - 2000/04// PY - 2000 DA - Apr 2000 SP - 284 EP - 294 VL - 54 IS - 2 SN - 1096-6080, 1096-6080 KW - toxicokinetics KW - p-Nitrophenol KW - pigs KW - Toxicology Abstracts KW - Pollution monitoring KW - Pesticides (organophosphorus) KW - Organophosphorus compounds KW - Insecticides KW - Skin KW - Urine KW - Feces KW - X 24133:Metabolism UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/17539852?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxicologyabstracts&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Toxicological+Sciences&rft.atitle=Dermatotoxicokinetic+Modeling+of+p-Nitrophenol+and+Its+Conjugation+Metabolite+in+Swine+following+Topical+and+Intravenous+Administration&rft.au=Qiao%2C+G+L%3BChang%2C+S+K%3BBrooks%2C+J+D%3BRiviere%2C+JE&rft.aulast=Qiao&rft.aufirst=G&rft.date=2000-04-01&rft.volume=54&rft.issue=2&rft.spage=284&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Toxicological+Sciences&rft.issn=10966080&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Skin; Insecticides; Pesticides (organophosphorus); Organophosphorus compounds; Urine; Feces; Pollution monitoring ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Incidence and identification of Klebsiella planticola in clinical isolates with emphasis on newborns AN - 17515551; 4704359 AB - Studies conducted in France and Germany suggest that up to 19% of clinically identified Klebsiella sp. are actually Klebsiella planticola, an environmental species that has been attributed to two cases of septicemia, with a rare isolate of Klebsiella terrigena (0.4%) being identified. A 1-year survey of newborns on a neonatal ward, also conducted in Germany, reported that 72% of Klebsiella sp. were Klebsiella oxytoca and 8.7% were K. planticola. The tests necessary to identify these species are not found in most clinical identification schemes or in the database matrices of most commercial identification products. To determine the incidence of unrecognized K. planticola among the Klebsiella sp. isolates in our collection, we used the battery of seven supplemental tests amended from the work of Monnet and Freney to test 352 stock isolates and 84 fresh clinical isolates from four local hospitals. After testing 436 strains of Klebsiella, only one strain was identified as a possible K. planticola and none was identified as K. terrigena. We tested an additional 43 stock strains of K. oxytoca isolated from newborns by using eight biochemical tests and found one additional strain of K. planticola. The occurrence of K. planticola in our collection is far less frequent than that observed in other countries. JF - Journal of Clinical Microbiology AU - Westbrook, G L AU - O'Hara, C M AU - Roman, S B AU - Miller, J M AD - Mailstop C-16, Atlanta, GA 30333, USA, gcw2@cdc.gov Y1 - 2000/04// PY - 2000 DA - Apr 2000 SP - 1495 EP - 1497 VL - 38 IS - 4 SN - 0095-1137, 0095-1137 KW - clinical isolates KW - phenotypes KW - USA KW - Microbiology Abstracts B: Bacteriology KW - Klebsiella KW - Klebsiella planticola KW - Taxonomy KW - Klebsiella oxytoca KW - Neonates KW - Hospitals KW - J 02855:Human Bacteriology: Others KW - J 02710:Identification, taxonomy and typing UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/17515551?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologyb&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Clinical+Microbiology&rft.atitle=Incidence+and+identification+of+Klebsiella+planticola+in+clinical+isolates+with+emphasis+on+newborns&rft.au=Westbrook%2C+G+L%3BO%27Hara%2C+C+M%3BRoman%2C+S+B%3BMiller%2C+J+M&rft.aulast=Westbrook&rft.aufirst=G&rft.date=2000-04-01&rft.volume=38&rft.issue=4&rft.spage=1495&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+Clinical+Microbiology&rft.issn=00951137&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Klebsiella planticola; Klebsiella oxytoca; Klebsiella; Neonates; Hospitals; Taxonomy ER - TY - JOUR T1 - 2,3,7,8-Tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin-induced Degradation of Aryl Hydrocarbon Receptor (AhR) by the Ubiquitin-Proteasome Pathway. ROLE OF THE TRANSCRIPTION ACTIVATON AND DNA BINDING OF AhR AN - 17504673; 4692765 AB - Activation of the aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AhR) by 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin (TCDD), a potent agonist of AhR, induces a marked reduction in steady state AhR. To analyze the mechanism of regulation of ligand-activated AhR, we examined the biochemical pathway and function of the down- regulation of the receptor by TCDD. Pulse-chase experiments reveal that TCDD shortens the half-life (t sub(1/2)) of AhR from 28 to 3 h in mouse hepatoma cells. Inhibitors of the 26 S proteasome, lactacystin and MG132, block the TCDD-induced turnover of AhR. The TCDD- induced degradation of AhR involves ubiquitination of the AhR protein, because (a) TCDD induces formation of high molecular weight, ubiquitinated AhR and (b) degradation of AhR is inhibited in ts20 cells, which bear a temperature-sensitive mutation in the ubiquitin-activating enzyme E1, at a nonpermissive temperature. Inhibition of proteasomal degradation of AhR increases the amount of the nuclear AhR super(.)Arnt complex and "superinduces" the expression of endogenous CYP1A1 gene by TCDD, indicating that the proteasomal degradation of AhR serves as a mechanism for controlling the activity of the activated receptor. We also show that deletion of the transcription activation domain of AhR abolishes the degradation, whereas a mutation in the DNA-binding region of AhR or Arnt reduces the degradation; these data implicate the transcription activation domain and DNA binding in AhR degradation. Our findings provide new insights into the regulation of TCDD-activated AhR through ubiquitin- mediated protein degradation. JF - Journal of Biological Chemistry AU - Ma, Q AU - Baldwin, K T AD - Molecular Toxicology Laboratory, Toxicology and Molecular Biology Branch, Health Effects Laboratory Division, National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Morgantown, West Virginia 26505, qam1@cdc.gov. Y1 - 2000/03/24/ PY - 2000 DA - 2000 Mar 24 SP - 8432 EP - 8438 VL - 275 IS - 12 SN - 0021-9258, 0021-9258 KW - mice KW - hepatoma cells KW - 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin KW - CYP1A1 gene KW - double prime Ah receptors KW - lactacystin KW - proteosomes KW - ubiquitin KW - ubiquitin-activating enzyme E1 KW - Toxicology Abstracts; Biochemistry Abstracts 2: Nucleic Acids KW - Ah receptors KW - Aryl hydrocarbon nuclear translocator KW - Temperature effects KW - DNA KW - TCDD KW - Multicatalytic endopeptidase complex KW - Aryl hydrocarbon receptors KW - Transcription activation KW - Ubiquitin KW - X 24155:Biochemistry KW - N 14930:Transcription factors UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/17504673?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxicologyabstracts&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Biological+Chemistry&rft.atitle=2%2C3%2C7%2C8-Tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin-induced+Degradation+of+Aryl+Hydrocarbon+Receptor+%28AhR%29+by+the+Ubiquitin-Proteasome+Pathway.+ROLE+OF+THE+TRANSCRIPTION+ACTIVATON+AND+DNA+BINDING+OF+AhR&rft.au=Ma%2C+Q%3BBaldwin%2C+K+T&rft.aulast=Ma&rft.aufirst=Q&rft.date=2000-03-24&rft.volume=275&rft.issue=12&rft.spage=8432&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+Biological+Chemistry&rft.issn=00219258&rft_id=info:doi/10.1074%2Fjbc.275.12.8432 LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - TCDD; Aryl hydrocarbon receptors; DNA; Transcription activation; Ubiquitin; Multicatalytic endopeptidase complex; Temperature effects; Aryl hydrocarbon nuclear translocator DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1074/jbc.275.12.8432 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Preliminary FoodNet data on the incidence of foodborne illnesses--selected sites, United States, 1999. AN - 71004495; 10738838 AB - Each year in the United States, an estimated 76 million persons experience foodborne illnesses. CDC's Emerging Infections Program Foodborne Diseases Active Surveillance Network (FoodNet) collects data on nine foodborne diseases in selected U.S. sites to quantify and monitor foodborne illnesses. This report describes preliminary surveillance data for 1999 and compares them with data from 1996-1998. The data suggest that the incidence of the foodborne illnesses under surveillance declined during 1999 compared with 1996 primarily as a result of decreases in campylobacteriosis and shigellosis and indicate substantial regional variation in the incidence of foodborne diseases. JF - MMWR. Morbidity and mortality weekly report AU - Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) AD - Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) Y1 - 2000/03/17/ PY - 2000 DA - 2000 Mar 17 SP - 201 EP - 205 VL - 49 IS - 10 SN - 0149-2195, 0149-2195 KW - Index Medicus KW - Humans KW - Incidence KW - United States -- epidemiology KW - Foodborne Diseases -- epidemiology KW - Foodborne Diseases -- microbiology KW - Foodborne Diseases -- parasitology KW - Population Surveillance UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/71004495?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=MMWR.+Morbidity+and+mortality+weekly+report&rft.atitle=Preliminary+FoodNet+data+on+the+incidence+of+foodborne+illnesses--selected+sites%2C+United+States%2C+1999.&rft.au=Centers+for+Disease+Control+and+Prevention+%28CDC%29&rft.aulast=Centers+for+Disease+Control+and+Prevention+%28CDC%29&rft.aufirst=&rft.date=2000-03-17&rft.volume=49&rft.issue=10&rft.spage=201&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=MMWR.+Morbidity+and+mortality+weekly+report&rft.issn=01492195&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 2000-03-30 N1 - Date created - 2000-03-30 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - SuppNotes - Erratum In: MMWR Morb Mortal Wkly Rep 2000 Apr 7;49(13):286 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Outbreaks of Norwalk-like viral gastroenteritis--Alaska and Wisconsin, 1999. AN - 71001234; 10738840 AB - Norwalk-like viruses (NLVs) are the most common cause of epidemic gastroenteritis in the United States, resulting in illness in approximately 23 million persons each year . Persons of all ages are affected because previous infection confers only short-term immunity. Most NLV gastroenteritis outbreaks involve foodborne or person-to-person transmission. This report presents investigations of a foodborne NLV outbreak in Alaska and person-to-person transmission in Wisconsin. JF - MMWR. Morbidity and mortality weekly report AU - Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) AD - Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) Y1 - 2000/03/17/ PY - 2000 DA - 2000 Mar 17 SP - 207 EP - 211 VL - 49 IS - 10 SN - 0149-2195, 0149-2195 KW - Index Medicus KW - Foodborne Diseases -- epidemiology KW - Humans KW - Wisconsin -- epidemiology KW - Alaska -- epidemiology KW - Foodborne Diseases -- virology KW - Disease Outbreaks KW - Gastroenteritis -- virology KW - Caliciviridae Infections -- epidemiology KW - Gastroenteritis -- etiology KW - Norwalk virus -- isolation & purification KW - Caliciviridae Infections -- etiology KW - Caliciviridae Infections -- transmission KW - Gastroenteritis -- epidemiology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/71001234?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Child+and+Family+Studies&rft.atitle=Parenting+Style+and+Peer+Trust+in+Relation+to+School+Adjustment+in+Middle+Childhood&rft.au=Wang%2C+Dan%3BFletcher%2C+Anne+C&rft.aulast=Wang&rft.aufirst=Dan&rft.date=2016-03-01&rft.volume=25&rft.issue=3&rft.spage=988&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+Child+and+Family+Studies&rft.issn=10621024&rft_id=info:doi/10.1007%2Fs10826-015-0264-x LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 2000-03-30 N1 - Date created - 2000-03-30 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Update: Pulmonary hemorrhage/hemosiderosis among infants--Cleveland, Ohio, 1993-1996. AN - 70518253; 11795499 AB - A review within CDC and by outside experts of an investigation of acute pulmonary hemorrhage/hemosiderosis in infants has identified shortcomings in the implementation and reporting of the investigation described in MMWR and detailed in other scientific publications authored, in part, by CDC personnel. The reviews led CDC to conclude that a possible association between acute pulmonary hemorrhage/hemosiderosis in infants and exposure to molds, specifically Stachybotrys chartarum, commonly referred to by its synonym Stachybotrys atra, was not proven. This report describes the specific findings of these internal and external reviews. JF - MMWR. Morbidity and mortality weekly report AU - Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) AD - Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) Y1 - 2000/03/10/ PY - 2000 DA - 2000 Mar 10 SP - 180 EP - 184 VL - 49 IS - 9 SN - 0149-2195, 0149-2195 KW - Index Medicus KW - Infant KW - Stachybotrys KW - Humans KW - Water Supply KW - Ohio -- epidemiology KW - Environmental Exposure KW - Disease Outbreaks KW - Lung Diseases -- etiology KW - Hemosiderosis -- epidemiology KW - Hemorrhage -- epidemiology KW - Lung Diseases -- epidemiology KW - Hemosiderosis -- etiology KW - Hemorrhage -- etiology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/70518253?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=MMWR.+Morbidity+and+mortality+weekly+report&rft.atitle=Update%3A+Pulmonary+hemorrhage%2Fhemosiderosis+among+infants--Cleveland%2C+Ohio%2C+1993-1996.&rft.au=Centers+for+Disease+Control+and+Prevention+%28CDC%29&rft.aulast=Centers+for+Disease+Control+and+Prevention+%28CDC%29&rft.aufirst=&rft.date=2000-03-10&rft.volume=49&rft.issue=9&rft.spage=180&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=MMWR.+Morbidity+and+mortality+weekly+report&rft.issn=01492195&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 2002-01-22 N1 - Date created - 2002-01-17 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - SuppNotes - Erratum In: MMWR Morb Mortal Wkly Rep 2000 Mar 17;49(10):213 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Cigarette smoking and invasive pneumococcal disease AN - 17496144; 4689622 AB - Approximately half of otherwise healthy adults with invasive pneumococcal disease are cigarette smokers. We conducted a population-based case-control study to assess the importance of cigarette smoking and other factors as risk factors for pneumococcal infections. We identified immunocompetent patients who were 18 to 64 years old and who had invasive pneumococcal disease (as defined by the isolation of Streptococcus pneumoniae from a normally sterile site) by active surveillance of laboratories in metropolitan Atlanta, Baltimore, and Toronto. Telephone interviews were conducted with 228 patients and 301 control subjects who were reached by random-digit dialing. Fifty-eight percent of the patients and 24 percent of the control subjects were current smokers. Invasive pneumococcal disease was associated with cigarette smoking (odds ratio, 4.1; 95 percent confidence interval, 2.4 to 7.3) and with passive smoking among nonsmokers (odds ratio, 2.5; 95 percent confidence interval, 1.2 to 5.1) after adjustment by logistic-regression analysis for age, study site, and independent risk factors such as male sex, black race, chronic illness, low level of education, and living with young children who were in day care. There were dose-response relations for the current number of cigarettes smoked per day, pack-years of smoking, and time since quitting. The adjusted population attributable risk was 51 percent for cigarette smoking, 17 percent for passive smoking, and 14 percent for chronic illness. Cigarette smoking is the strongest independent risk factor for invasive pneumococcal disease among immunocompetent, nonelderly adults. Because of the high prevalence of smoking and the large population attributable risk, programs to reduce both smoking and exposure to environmental tobacco smoke have the potential to reduce the incidence of pneumococcal disease. JF - New England Journal of Medicine AU - Nuorti, J P AU - Butler, J C AU - Farley, M M AU - Harrison, L H AU - McGeer, A AU - Kolczak AU - Breiman, R F AD - Arctic Harvest Investigations Program, National Center for Infectious Diseases, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, 4055 Tudor Centre Dr., Anchorage, AK 99508-5902, USA, jcb3@cdc.gov Y1 - 2000/03/09/ PY - 2000 DA - 2000 Mar 09 SP - 681 EP - 689 VL - 342 IS - 10 SN - 0028-4793, 0028-4793 KW - Microbiology Abstracts B: Bacteriology KW - Streptococcus pneumoniae KW - Epidemiology KW - Risk factors KW - Immunocompetence KW - Cigarette smoking KW - Pneumonia KW - J 02845:Ear, nose and respiratory tract UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/17496144?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologyb&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=New+England+Journal+of+Medicine&rft.atitle=Cigarette+smoking+and+invasive+pneumococcal+disease&rft.au=Nuorti%2C+J+P%3BButler%2C+J+C%3BFarley%2C+M+M%3BHarrison%2C+L+H%3BMcGeer%2C+A%3BKolczak%3BBreiman%2C+R+F&rft.aulast=Nuorti&rft.aufirst=J&rft.date=2000-03-09&rft.volume=342&rft.issue=10&rft.spage=681&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=New+England+Journal+of+Medicine&rft.issn=00284793&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Streptococcus pneumoniae; Cigarette smoking; Epidemiology; Risk factors; Immunocompetence; Pneumonia ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Purification and characterization of Streptococcus pneumoniae palmitoylated pneumococcal surface adhesin A expressed in Escherichia coli. AN - 70952906; 10699329 AB - All Streptococcus pneumoniae isolates tested to date express a species-common lipoprotein designated as pneumococcal surface adhesin A (PsaA). This protein is cell-associated, hydrophobic, immunogenic, and genetically conserved. It is currently under investigation as a potential component in third-generation pneumococcal vaccine formulations. To overcome the problem of low-level expression of native hydrophobic PsaA in S. pneumoniae, and also of the recombinant PsaA (rPsaA) in Escherichia coli, we generated a stable E. coli construct expressing functional palmitoylated rPsaA ( approximately 10 mg/l of fermentation culture) using Borrelia burgdorferi outer surface protein A (OspA, a hydrophobic lipoprotein) signal peptide. By Western blot analysis, the chimeric rPsaA ( approximately 34 kDa) was detected in the cell lysate using anti-PsaA antibodies. It was partially purified by extracting the cell pellet with PBS/Triton X(R)-114 buffers, followed by anion exchange filter chromatography. A trypsin digestion profile of rPsaA closely resembled that of the native protein, as revealed by SDS-PAGE/silver staining. Lipidation of rPsaA was confirmed by labeling recombinant E. coli cells with [(3)H] palmitic acid and analyzing the labeled E. coli cells by Western blotting coupled with autoradiography. Further, analysis of purified rPsaA by mass spectrometry (MALDI-TOF) revealed a heterogenous spectrum with a major peak (M+H)(+1) of mass 33,384 Da (theoretical mass of palmitoylated rPsaA=33,361 Da). Purified rPsaA was immunogenic in CBA/NCAHN-XID female mice following intranasal immunization with or without adjuvant, as determined by measurement of anti-PsaA serum IgG levels. These anti-PsaA antibodies reacted with both native and rPsaA polypeptides. Our data strongly suggest that E. coli-expressed rPsaA is palmitoylated and closely resembles the native protein in structure and immunogenicity. It was also observed to elicit measurable protection against nasopharyngeal carriage with S. pneumoniae. JF - Vaccine AU - De, B K AU - Sampson, J S AU - Ades, E W AU - Huebner, R C AU - Jue, D L AU - Johnson, S E AU - Espina, M AU - Stinson, A R AU - Briles, D E AU - Carlone, G M AD - Division of Bacterial and Mycotic Diseases, and Biotechnology Core Facility Branch, National Center for Infectious Diseases, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA 30333, USA. bkd1@cdc.gov Y1 - 2000/03/06/ PY - 2000 DA - 2000 Mar 06 SP - 1811 EP - 1821 VL - 18 IS - 17 SN - 0264-410X, 0264-410X KW - Adhesins, Bacterial KW - 0 KW - Adjuvants, Immunologic KW - Antibodies, Bacterial KW - Bacterial Proteins KW - Carrier Proteins KW - Detergents KW - Immunoglobulin G KW - Lipoproteins KW - Membrane Transport Proteins KW - Palmitic Acids KW - Protein Sorting Signals KW - PsaA protein, Streptococcus KW - Vaccines, Synthetic KW - Cholera Toxin KW - 9012-63-9 KW - Index Medicus KW - Animals KW - Protein Sorting Signals -- genetics KW - Saliva -- chemistry KW - Mice KW - Molecular Weight KW - Immunoglobulin G -- blood KW - Mice, Inbred CBA KW - Adjuvants, Immunologic -- administration & dosage KW - Detergents -- chemistry KW - Cholera Toxin -- immunology KW - Administration, Intranasal KW - Dose-Response Relationship, Immunologic KW - Vaccines, Synthetic -- immunology KW - Antibodies, Bacterial -- blood KW - Cholera Toxin -- administration & dosage KW - Vaccines, Synthetic -- administration & dosage KW - Female KW - Escherichia coli -- metabolism KW - Lipoproteins -- administration & dosage KW - Carrier Proteins -- chemistry KW - Palmitic Acids -- immunology KW - Lipoproteins -- chemistry KW - Bacterial Proteins -- isolation & purification KW - Escherichia coli -- chemistry KW - Escherichia coli -- genetics KW - Bacterial Proteins -- administration & dosage KW - Lipoproteins -- isolation & purification KW - Carrier Proteins -- isolation & purification KW - Lipoproteins -- physiology KW - Bacterial Proteins -- chemistry KW - Palmitic Acids -- chemistry KW - Palmitic Acids -- metabolism KW - Streptococcus pneumoniae -- immunology KW - Carrier Proteins -- physiology KW - Carrier Proteins -- administration & dosage KW - Bacterial Proteins -- physiology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/70952906?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Vaccine&rft.atitle=Purification+and+characterization+of+Streptococcus+pneumoniae+palmitoylated+pneumococcal+surface+adhesin+A+expressed+in+Escherichia+coli.&rft.au=De%2C+B+K%3BSampson%2C+J+S%3BAdes%2C+E+W%3BHuebner%2C+R+C%3BJue%2C+D+L%3BJohnson%2C+S+E%3BEspina%2C+M%3BStinson%2C+A+R%3BBriles%2C+D+E%3BCarlone%2C+G+M&rft.aulast=De&rft.aufirst=B&rft.date=2000-03-06&rft.volume=18&rft.issue=17&rft.spage=1811&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Vaccine&rft.issn=0264410X&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 2000-04-13 N1 - Date created - 2000-04-13 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Corporate action to reduce air pollution--Atlanta, Georgia, 1998-1999. AN - 70998906; 10737442 AB - Ground-level ozone, a colorless gas, is a major constituent of smog. Since the early 1980s, controlled studies have demonstrated that exposure to elevated levels of ozone reduces inspiratory capacity in humans. In addition, ecologic analyses have indicated that daily emergency department visits for asthma exacerbations are elevated following days of high ozone pollution. The Partnership for a Smog-Free Georgia (PSG) is a state-sponsored program to reduce the number of days that ground-level ozone exceeds the national ambient air quality standard (NAAQS) in metropolitan Atlanta by providing federal and state subsidized commuting alternatives for local business employees. This report summarizes commuter data from three PSG partners to estimate reductions in emissions and monthly vehicle miles traveled that were associated with enrollment in PSG. JF - MMWR. Morbidity and mortality weekly report AU - Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) AD - Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) Y1 - 2000/03/03/ PY - 2000 DA - 2000 Mar 03 SP - 153 EP - 156 VL - 49 IS - 8 SN - 0149-2195, 0149-2195 KW - Vehicle Emissions KW - 0 KW - Index Medicus KW - Public Sector KW - Private Sector KW - Georgia KW - Air Pollution -- prevention & control KW - Transportation -- standards KW - Environmental Health -- standards UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/70998906?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=MMWR.+Morbidity+and+mortality+weekly+report&rft.atitle=Corporate+action+to+reduce+air+pollution--Atlanta%2C+Georgia%2C+1998-1999.&rft.au=Centers+for+Disease+Control+and+Prevention+%28CDC%29&rft.aulast=Centers+for+Disease+Control+and+Prevention+%28CDC%29&rft.aufirst=&rft.date=2000-03-03&rft.volume=49&rft.issue=8&rft.spage=153&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=MMWR.+Morbidity+and+mortality+weekly+report&rft.issn=01492195&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 2000-03-28 N1 - Date created - 2000-03-28 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - SuppNotes - Erratum In: MMWR Morb Mortal Wkly Rep 2000 Mar 10;49(9):189 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Characterization and variability of endotoxin and 3-hydroxy fatty acids in an office building during a particle intervention study. AN - 71164198; 10842455 AB - Air and dust samples were collected on two floors of an office building during a double-blind particle intervention study to examine spatial and temporal variability of airborne endotoxin over a period of weeks, and to characterize endotoxin activity and lipopolysaccharide (LPS) content in carpet and chair dust. Air samples were collected on multiple days within and across weeks. Dust samples were collected from carpets and chairs one day per week for three weeks. Endotoxin was measured using a Limulus assay. Dust samples were analyzed for LPS by determination of 3-hydroxy fatty acids (3-OHFAs) using gas chromatography-mass spectrometry. The geometric mean (geometric standard deviation) for 96 indoor air samples was 0.24 (1.6) EU/m3. Significant within-floor spatial variation of airborne endotoxin was found (P < 0.0001, n = 80). Temporal variability of airborne endotoxin was not significant across weeks. Mean (+/- SD) endotoxin levels in carpet dust (59 +/- 9.3 EU/mg dust, n = 12) and in chair dust (38 +/- 7.7 EU/mg dust, n = 10) were significantly different (P < 0.001). Carbon chain length-dependent differences in 3-OHFA levels by dust source and floor were found. Enhanced air filtration did not significantly affect airborne endotoxin (P = 0.62); however, total dust mass and total endotoxin in carpet dust samples increased significantly after enhanced surface cleaning (P < 0.01). These findings suggest that spatial variability, dust source, and surface cleaning may influence building occupant exposures to endotoxin. JF - Indoor air AU - Hines, C J AU - Milton, D K AU - Larsson, L AU - Petersen, M R AU - Fisk, W J AU - Mendell, M J AD - National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, Cincinnati, Ohio 45226, USA. cjh8@cdc.gov Y1 - 2000/03// PY - 2000 DA - March 2000 SP - 2 EP - 12 VL - 10 IS - 1 SN - 0905-6947, 0905-6947 KW - Dust KW - 0 KW - Endotoxins KW - Fatty Acids KW - Index Medicus KW - Interior Design and Furnishings KW - Ventilation KW - Particle Size KW - Humans KW - Limulus Test KW - Environmental Exposure -- prevention & control KW - Air Pollution, Indoor -- analysis KW - Endotoxins -- analysis KW - Fatty Acids -- analysis UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/71164198?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Indoor+air&rft.atitle=Characterization+and+variability+of+endotoxin+and+3-hydroxy+fatty+acids+in+an+office+building+during+a+particle+intervention+study.&rft.au=Hines%2C+C+J%3BMilton%2C+D+K%3BLarsson%2C+L%3BPetersen%2C+M+R%3BFisk%2C+W+J%3BMendell%2C+M+J&rft.aulast=Hines&rft.aufirst=C&rft.date=2000-03-01&rft.volume=10&rft.issue=1&rft.spage=2&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Indoor+air&rft.issn=09056947&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 2000-07-11 N1 - Date created - 2000-07-11 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - CDC investigations of noninfectious outbreaks of adverse events in hemodialysis facilities, 1979-1999. AN - 71083896; 10795110 JF - Seminars in dialysis AU - Arduino, M J AD - Hospital Infections Program, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia 30333, USA. mja4@cdc.gov PY - 2000 SP - 86 EP - 91 VL - 13 IS - 2 SN - 0894-0959, 0894-0959 KW - Chloramines KW - 0 KW - Formaldehyde KW - 1HG84L3525 KW - Sodium Azide KW - 968JJ8C9DV KW - Hydrogen Peroxide KW - BBX060AN9V KW - Aluminum KW - CPD4NFA903 KW - chloramine KW - KW8K411A1P KW - Index Medicus KW - United States KW - Sodium Azide -- poisoning KW - Hydrogen Peroxide -- poisoning KW - Chemical and Drug Induced Liver Injury -- etiology KW - Humans KW - Chloramines -- poisoning KW - Fluoride Poisoning -- etiology KW - Anaphylaxis -- etiology KW - Dementia -- chemically induced KW - Aluminum -- poisoning KW - Formaldehyde -- poisoning KW - Equipment Reuse KW - Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (U.S.) KW - Disease Outbreaks KW - Renal Dialysis -- adverse effects UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/71083896?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Seminars+in+dialysis&rft.atitle=CDC+investigations+of+noninfectious+outbreaks+of+adverse+events+in+hemodialysis+facilities%2C+1979-1999.&rft.au=Arduino%2C+M+J&rft.aulast=Arduino&rft.aufirst=M&rft.date=2000-03-01&rft.volume=13&rft.issue=2&rft.spage=86&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Seminars+in+dialysis&rft.issn=08940959&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 2000-06-09 N1 - Date created - 2000-06-09 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Proficiency Analytical Testing (PAT) Program November 1999. AN - 71069999; 10782203 JF - AIHAJ : a journal for the science of occupational and environmental health and safety AU - Feng, H A AU - Schlecht, P AD - HHS/PHS/CDC/NIOSH, Cincinnati, OH 45226, USA. PY - 2000 SP - 295 EP - 296 VL - 61 IS - 2 SN - 1529-8663, 1529-8663 KW - Environmental Pollutants KW - 0 KW - Index Medicus KW - United States KW - Reference Standards KW - National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (U.S.) KW - Environmental Pollutants -- standards KW - Environmental Pollutants -- analysis KW - Laboratories -- standards UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/71069999?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=AIHAJ+%3A+a+journal+for+the+science+of+occupational+and+environmental+health+and+safety&rft.atitle=Proficiency+Analytical+Testing+%28PAT%29+Program+November+1999.&rft.au=Feng%2C+H+A%3BSchlecht%2C+P&rft.aulast=Feng&rft.aufirst=H&rft.date=2000-03-01&rft.volume=61&rft.issue=2&rft.spage=295&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=AIHAJ+%3A+a+journal+for+the+science+of+occupational+and+environmental+health+and+safety&rft.issn=15298663&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 2000-06-16 N1 - Date created - 2000-06-16 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Environmental Lead Proficiency Analytical Testing (ELPAT) Program September 1999. AN - 71067959; 10782204 JF - AIHAJ : a journal for the science of occupational and environmental health and safety AU - Feng, H A AU - Schlecht, P AD - HHS/PHS/CDC/NIOSH, Cincinnati, OH 45226, USA. PY - 2000 SP - 297 EP - 300 VL - 61 IS - 2 SN - 1529-8663, 1529-8663 KW - Dust KW - 0 KW - Environmental Pollutants KW - Soil Pollutants KW - Lead KW - 2P299V784P KW - Index Medicus KW - United States KW - Dust -- analysis KW - Soil Pollutants -- standards KW - Reference Standards KW - National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (U.S.) KW - Soil Pollutants -- analysis KW - Lead -- standards KW - Environmental Monitoring -- standards KW - Environmental Pollutants -- analysis KW - Lead -- analysis UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/71067959?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=AIHAJ+%3A+a+journal+for+the+science+of+occupational+and+environmental+health+and+safety&rft.atitle=Environmental+Lead+Proficiency+Analytical+Testing+%28ELPAT%29+Program+September+1999.&rft.au=Feng%2C+H+A%3BSchlecht%2C+P&rft.aulast=Feng&rft.aufirst=H&rft.date=2000-03-01&rft.volume=61&rft.issue=2&rft.spage=297&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=AIHAJ+%3A+a+journal+for+the+science+of+occupational+and+environmental+health+and+safety&rft.issn=15298663&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 2000-06-16 N1 - Date created - 2000-06-16 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - A new video-synchronized multichannel biomedical data acquisition system. AN - 71012283; 10743785 AB - This data acquisition system records video frames onto a video tape, and simultaneously acquires biomedical data along with video time codes onto a computer hard disk to achieve a 30-min video-synchronized data recording with a summed data rate of 2.16 Mbit/s. A time-code-bridge-file created during acquisition matches each video frame-start with the corresponding index number of the acquired data. The mean synchronization accuracy of the system is 0.22 ms. JF - IEEE transactions on bio-medical engineering AU - Zeng, S AU - Powers, J R AU - Hsiao, H AD - National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, Morgantown, WV 26505, USA. saz0@cdc.gov Y1 - 2000/03// PY - 2000 DA - March 2000 SP - 412 EP - 419 VL - 47 IS - 3 SN - 0018-9294, 0018-9294 KW - Index Medicus KW - Environmental Monitoring KW - Medical Records Systems, Computerized KW - Signal Processing, Computer-Assisted KW - Humans KW - Computers KW - Computer Graphics KW - Monitoring, Physiologic KW - Software Design KW - Video Recording KW - Data Collection -- methods KW - Information Storage and Retrieval -- methods UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/71012283?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=IEEE+transactions+on+bio-medical+engineering&rft.atitle=A+new+video-synchronized+multichannel+biomedical+data+acquisition+system.&rft.au=Zeng%2C+S%3BPowers%2C+J+R%3BHsiao%2C+H&rft.aulast=Zeng&rft.aufirst=S&rft.date=2000-03-01&rft.volume=47&rft.issue=3&rft.spage=412&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=IEEE+transactions+on+bio-medical+engineering&rft.issn=00189294&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 2000-04-19 N1 - Date created - 2000-04-19 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Mitogen-induced modulation of CD3, CD4, and CD8(1). AN - 70952264; 10689110 AB - It is not clear whether CD3 contacts CD4 or CD8 directly, nor have the regulation and interregulation of expression of these three receptor molecules been determined. We explored these issues by first stimulating human peripheral blood lymphocytes in vitro with three well-characterized T-cell receptor-directed mitogens (phytohemagglutinin [PHA], concanavalin A [ConA], and anti-CD3 monoclonal antibody [alphaCD3]) and then using multiparameter flow cytometric techniques to investigate modulation of surface (sur) and cytoplasmic (c) CD3, CD4, and CD8. Cultures with alphaCD3 had a rapid, large, and persistent decline in surCD3; the cCD3 median fluorescent intensity (MFI) declined gradually, over the entire culture period. With alphaCD3, surCD4 MFI and cCD4 MFI declined by days 4 to 8 (31% of ex vivo value, p < 0.001 and 47%, p = 0.033), as did surCD8 MFI (58%, p = 0.010). PHA was associated with an increase in surCD8%, surCD8 MFI, and cCD8% at days 4 to 8 (178% of ex vivo, p = 0.003; 168%, p = 0.025; and 331%, p = 0.001). For PHA at days 4 to 8, cCD8 MFI was highly variable but always higher than in unstimulated cultures (5 of 5 experiments). With ConA, at 3 to 5 hours ex vivo, there was a decrease in surCD3 MFI relative to ex vivo (64%), surCD4% (83%), cCD4% (87%), surCD4 MFI (50%) and cCD4 MFI (48%), surCD8% (85%) and an increase in cCD8% (260%). As with PHA, at days 4 to 8, surCD8% was high relative to ex vivo (169%). Thus, we found that alphaCD3 had delayed effects on CD4 and CD8; PHA had delayed effects on CD8 only; and ConA had very rapid effects on CD3, CD4, and CD8, as well as a delayed effect on surface CD8. These effects involve both surface and cytoplasmic antigen expression and are more consistent with degradation or retention, rather than with shedding or increased production. They may reflect direct interactions between CD4 or CD8 and CD3 and/or interregulation of CD3 expression with expression of these coreceptor molecules. JF - Human immunology AU - Jason, J AU - Inge, K L AD - Immunology Branch, Division of AIDS, National Center for Infectious Diseases, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), U.S. Public Health Service, Department of Health and Human Services, Atlanta, Georgia, USA. JMJ1@cdc.gov Y1 - 2000/03// PY - 2000 DA - March 2000 SP - 202 EP - 211 VL - 61 IS - 3 SN - 0198-8859, 0198-8859 KW - Antigens, CD3 KW - 0 KW - Antigens, CD4 KW - Antigens, CD8 KW - Mitogens KW - Phytohemagglutinins KW - Concanavalin A KW - 11028-71-0 KW - Brefeldin A KW - 20350-15-6 KW - Tetradecanoylphorbol Acetate KW - NI40JAQ945 KW - Index Medicus KW - Mitogens -- pharmacology KW - Humans KW - Tetradecanoylphorbol Acetate -- pharmacology KW - Brefeldin A -- pharmacology KW - Phytohemagglutinins -- pharmacology KW - Concanavalin A -- pharmacology KW - Antigens, CD3 -- biosynthesis KW - Antigens, CD4 -- biosynthesis KW - Antigens, CD8 -- biosynthesis UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/70952264?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Learning+Environments+Research&rft.atitle=Learning+support+and+academic+achievement+among+Malaysian+adolescents%3A+the+mediating+role+of+student+engagement&rft.au=Jelas%2C+Zalizan+M%3BAzman%2C+Norzaini%3BZulnaidi%2C+Hutkemri%3BAhmad%2C+Nor+Aniza&rft.aulast=Jelas&rft.aufirst=Zalizan&rft.date=2016-07-01&rft.volume=19&rft.issue=2&rft.spage=221&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Learning+Environments+Research&rft.issn=13871579&rft_id=info:doi/10.1007%2Fs10984-015-9202-5 LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 2000-03-27 N1 - Date created - 2000-03-27 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Complete DNA Sequence and Analysis of an Emerging Cryptic Plasmid Isolated from Yersinia pestis AN - 17908579; 5157168 AB - A 6-kb cryptic plasmid (pYC; 5919 bp) has been recovered from Yersinia pestis isolates originating from regions of Yunnan province in China. The sequence of pYC was determined, and analysis of the sequence has revealed that two of the plasmid DNA regions (ORFs 10 and 11) are similar to the DinJ1 and DinJ2 gene products encoded by Escherichia coli chromosomal DNA. This plasmid is increasingly harbored by Y. pestis isolates recovered from a domestic rodent cycle in the southern regions of the province. Further studies will determine the origin and function of pYC. JF - Plasmid AU - Lindler, LE AU - Chu, M C AD - Division of Vector-Borne Infectious Diseases, National Center for Infectious Diseases, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Ft. Collins, Colorado, 80521, mcc4@cdc.gov Y1 - 2000/03// PY - 2000 DA - Mar 2000 SP - 144 EP - 148 PB - Academic Press VL - 43 IS - 2 SN - 0147-619X, 0147-619X KW - China KW - DinJ1 gene KW - DinJ2 gene KW - Microbiology Abstracts B: Bacteriology; Genetics Abstracts KW - Nucleotide sequence KW - Yersinia pestis KW - Plasmids KW - J 02760:Plasmids KW - G 07203:Plasmids UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/17908579?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologyb&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Plasmid&rft.atitle=Complete+DNA+Sequence+and+Analysis+of+an+Emerging+Cryptic+Plasmid+Isolated+from+Yersinia+pestis&rft.au=Lindler%2C+LE%3BChu%2C+M+C&rft.aulast=Lindler&rft.aufirst=LE&rft.date=2000-03-01&rft.volume=43&rft.issue=2&rft.spage=144&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Plasmid&rft.issn=0147619X&rft_id=info:doi/10.1006%2Fplas.1999.1432 LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Yersinia pestis; Plasmids; Nucleotide sequence DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1006/plas.1999.1432 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Prevention of Mother-to-Child HIV Transmission in Resource-Poor Countries: Translating Research Into Policy and Practice AN - 17585232; 4684742 AB - Each year, an estimated 590 000 infants acquire human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV) infection from their mothers, mostly in developing countries that are unable to implement interventions now standard in the industrialized world. In resource-poor settings, the HIV pandemic has eroded hard won gains in infant and child survival. Recent clinical trial results from international settings suggest that short-course antiretroviral regimens could significantly reduce perinatal HIV transmission worldwide if research findings could be translated into practice. This article reviews current knowledge of mother-to-child HIV transmission in developing countries, summarizes key findings from the trials, outlines future research requirements, and describes public health challenges of implementing perinatal HIV prevention interventions in resource-poor settings. Public health efforts must also emphasize primary prevention strategies to reduce incident HIV infections among adolescents and women of childbearing age. Successful implementation of available perinatal HIV interventions could substantially improve global child survival. JF - Journal of the American Medical Association AU - De Cock, KM AU - Fowler, M G AU - Mercier, E AU - De Vincenzi, I AU - Saba, J AU - Hoff, E AU - Alnwick, D J AU - Rogers, M AU - Shaffer, N AD - Division of HIV/AIDS Prevention - Surveillance and Epidemiology, CDC (MS D-21), 1600 Clifton Rd, Atlanta, GA 30333, USA, kmd2@cdc.gov Y1 - 2000/03/01/ PY - 2000 DA - 2000 Mar 01 SP - 1175 EP - 1182 VL - 283 IS - 9 SN - 0098-7484, 0098-7484 KW - HIV KW - disease transmission KW - perinatal infection KW - Health & Safety Science Abstracts; Virology & AIDS Abstracts KW - Human immunodeficiency virus KW - Transmission (vertical) KW - Reviews KW - Perinatal infection KW - Infants KW - H 11000:Diseases/Injuries/Trauma KW - V 22005:AIDS: Epidemiological aspects UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/17585232?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Ahealthsafetyabstracts&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+the+American+Medical+Association&rft.atitle=Prevention+of+Mother-to-Child+HIV+Transmission+in+Resource-Poor+Countries%3A+Translating+Research+Into+Policy+and+Practice&rft.au=De+Cock%2C+KM%3BFowler%2C+M+G%3BMercier%2C+E%3BDe+Vincenzi%2C+I%3BSaba%2C+J%3BHoff%2C+E%3BAlnwick%2C+D+J%3BRogers%2C+M%3BShaffer%2C+N&rft.aulast=De+Cock&rft.aufirst=KM&rft.date=2000-03-01&rft.volume=283&rft.issue=9&rft.spage=1175&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+the+American+Medical+Association&rft.issn=00987484&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Human immunodeficiency virus; Infants; Reviews; Transmission (vertical); Perinatal infection ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Predictors for People's Response to a Tornado Warning: Arkansas, 1 March 1997 AN - 17521793; 4711057 AB - On 1 March 1997, powerful tornadoes touched down in Arkansas (USA) on a Saturday afternoon. Twenty-six fatalities and 400 non-fatal injuries were reported. We performed a population-based cross-sectional study to determine factors associated with appropriate responses to tornado warnings. Of 146 survey participants, 140 (96 per cent) knew the difference between `tornado watch' and `tornado warning' and were aware of when the warning was announced. Of those 140 participants, 64 (45.7 per cent) responded to the warning by seeking shelter, and 58 (90.6 per cent) of those 64 acted within five minutes of hearing the warning. Four factors were positively associated with those seeking shelter: having graduated from high school (OR = 4.2, 95 per cent CI = 1.1-15.5); having a basement in one's house (OR = 3.8, 95 per cent exact CI=1.1-17.1); hearing a siren (OR = 4.4, 95 per cent CI = 1.3-18.9); and having prepared a household plan of response when tornadoes occur (OR=2.6, 95 per cent CI = 1.1-6.3). On the basis of these findings, we recommend: first, that people who live in tornadoprone areas have a personal plan of action to help them respond immediately to warnings; second, public-health education officials in areas with frequent tornadic activity should do more to educate the public about what they can do to protect themselves from a tornado; and third, that emergency-management officials planning protection measures for vulnerable communities should consider that most people have limited time (our study documented five minutes) in which to respond to a tornado warning. Thus, shelters in tornado-prone areas should be quickly accessible by residents. JF - Disasters AU - Balluz, L AU - Holmes, T AU - Malilay, J AU - Schieve, L AU - Kiezak, S AD - Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Health Studies Branch, 4770 Buford Highway, N.E., Mail stop F-46, Atlanta, Georgia 30341-3724, USA, Lib7@cdc.gov Y1 - 2000/03// PY - 2000 DA - Mar 2000 SP - 71 EP - 77 VL - 24 IS - 1 SN - 0361-3666, 0361-3666 KW - USA, Arkansas KW - natural disasters KW - tornadoes KW - Health & Safety Science Abstracts KW - Mortality KW - Injuries KW - Warning systems KW - Perception KW - Emergency preparedness KW - Human factors KW - H 6000:Natural Disasters/Civil Defense/Emergency Management UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/17521793?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Ahealthsafetyabstracts&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Disasters&rft.atitle=Predictors+for+People%27s+Response+to+a+Tornado+Warning%3A+Arkansas%2C+1+March+1997&rft.au=Balluz%2C+L%3BHolmes%2C+T%3BMalilay%2C+J%3BSchieve%2C+L%3BKiezak%2C+S&rft.aulast=Balluz&rft.aufirst=L&rft.date=2000-03-01&rft.volume=24&rft.issue=1&rft.spage=71&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Disasters&rft.issn=03613666&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Mortality; Injuries; Emergency preparedness; Human factors; Warning systems; Perception ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Comparison of classic and molecular approaches for the identification of untypeable enteroviruses AN - 17495386; 4687212 AB - Members of the family Picornaviridae are the most common viruses infecting humans, and species in several genera also infect a wide variety of other mammals. Picornaviruses have traditionally been classified by antigenic type, based on a serum neutralization assay. However, this method is time-consuming and labor-intensive, is sensitive to virus aggregation and antigenic variation, and requires a large number of antisera to identify all serotypes, even when antiserum pools are used. We developed generic reverse transcription (RT)-PCR primers that will amplify all human enterovirus serotypes, as well as many rhinoviruses and other picornaviruses, and used RT-PCR amplification of the VP1 gene and amplicon sequencing to identify enteroviruses that were refractory to typing by neutralization with pooled antisera. Enterovirus serotypes determined by sequencing were confirmed by neutralization with monospecific antisera. Of 55 isolates tested, 49 were of known enterovirus serotypes, two were rhinoviruses, and four were clearly picornaviruses but did not match any known picornavirus sequence. All four untyped picornaviruses were closely related to one another in sequence, suggesting that they are of the same serotype. RT-PCR, coupled with amplicon sequencing, is a simple and rapid method for the typing and classification of picornaviruses and may lead to the identification of many new picornavirus serotypes. JF - Journal of Clinical Microbiology AU - Oberste AU - Maher, K AU - Flemister, M R AU - Marchetti, G AU - Kilpatrick AU - Pallansch, MA AD - Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, 1600 Clifton Rd. NE, Mailstop G-17, Atlanta, GA 30333, USA, mbo2@cdc.gov Y1 - 2000/03// PY - 2000 DA - Mar 2000 SP - 1170 EP - 1174 VL - 38 IS - 3 SN - 0095-1137, 0095-1137 KW - primers KW - man KW - VP1 gene KW - Microbiology Abstracts A: Industrial & Applied Microbiology; Virology & AIDS Abstracts KW - Serotypes KW - Genotyping KW - Polymerase chain reaction KW - Picornaviridae KW - Reverse transcription KW - A 01114:Viruses KW - V 22010:Virus taxonomy & classification UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/17495386?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologya&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Clinical+Microbiology&rft.atitle=Comparison+of+classic+and+molecular+approaches+for+the+identification+of+untypeable+enteroviruses&rft.au=Oberste%3BMaher%2C+K%3BFlemister%2C+M+R%3BMarchetti%2C+G%3BKilpatrick%3BPallansch%2C+MA&rft.aulast=Oberste&rft.aufirst=&rft.date=2000-03-01&rft.volume=38&rft.issue=3&rft.spage=1170&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+Clinical+Microbiology&rft.issn=00951137&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Picornaviridae; Reverse transcription; Polymerase chain reaction; Genotyping; Serotypes ER - TY - JOUR T1 - A simplified method for testing Bordetella pertussis for resistance to erythromycin and other antimicrobial agents AN - 17495230; 4687208 AB - Present methods of antimicrobial susceptibility testing of Bordetella pertussis are time consuming and require specialized media that are not commercially available. We tested 52 isolates of B. pertussis for resistance to erythromycin, trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole, chloramphenicol, and rifampin by agar dilution with Bordet-Gengou agar (BGA) containing 20% horse blood (reference method), Etest using BGA and Regan-Lowe agar without cephalexin (RL-C), and disk diffusion using BGA and RL-C. The organisms tested included four erythromycin-resistant isolates of B. pertussis from a single patient, a second erythromycin-resistant strain of B. pertussis from an unrelated patient in another state, and 47 nasopharyngeal surveillance isolates of B. pertussis from children in the western United States. The results of agar dilution testing using direct inoculation of the organisms suspended in Mueller-Hinton broth were within plus or minus 1 dilution of those obtained after overnight passage of the inoculum in Stainer-Scholte medium, which is the traditional method of testing B. pertussis. The Etest method produced MICs similar to those of the agar dilution reference method for three of the four antimicrobial agents tested; the trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole results were lower with Etest, particularly when the direct suspension method was used. Most of the Etest MICs, except for that of erythromycin, were on scale. Disk diffusion testing using RL-C medium was helpful in identifying the erythromycin-resistant strains, which produced no zone of inhibition around the disk; susceptible isolates produced zones of at least 42 mm. Thus, the antimicrobial susceptibility testing of B. pertussis can be simplified by using the Etest or disk diffusion on RL-C to screen for erythromycin-resistant isolates of B. pertussis. JF - Journal of Clinical Microbiology AU - Hill, B C AU - Baker, C N AU - Tenover, F C AD - Hospital Infections Program (G08), Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, 1600 Clifton Rd., Atlanta, GA 30333, USA, fnt1@cdc.gov Y1 - 2000/03// PY - 2000 DA - Mar 2000 SP - 1151 EP - 1155 VL - 38 IS - 3 SN - 0095-1137, 0095-1137 KW - Microbiology Abstracts A: Industrial & Applied Microbiology; Microbiology Abstracts B: Bacteriology KW - Pertussis KW - Trimethoprim KW - Drug resistance KW - Drug sensitivity testing KW - Agar dilution test KW - Rifampin KW - Agar diffusion test KW - Antibacterial agents KW - Antibiotic resistance KW - Chloramphenicol KW - Sulfamethoxazole KW - Erythromycin KW - Bordetella pertussis KW - J 02814:Drug resistance KW - A 01066:Antibacterial & bactericidal KW - J 02795:Antibiotic resistance UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/17495230?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologyb&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Clinical+Microbiology&rft.atitle=A+simplified+method+for+testing+Bordetella+pertussis+for+resistance+to+erythromycin+and+other+antimicrobial+agents&rft.au=Hill%2C+B+C%3BBaker%2C+C+N%3BTenover%2C+F+C&rft.aulast=Hill&rft.aufirst=B&rft.date=2000-03-01&rft.volume=38&rft.issue=3&rft.spage=1151&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+Clinical+Microbiology&rft.issn=00951137&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Bordetella pertussis; Pertussis; Antibacterial agents; Erythromycin; Trimethoprim; Sulfamethoxazole; Chloramphenicol; Rifampin; Drug sensitivity testing; Drug resistance; Agar dilution test; Agar diffusion test; Antibiotic resistance ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Tumorigenicity of morphologically distinct transformed foci induced by 3-methylcholanthrene in BALB/c-3T3 cells. AN - 71012217; 10751612 AB - 4 mm in diameter), invasiveness (smooth vs. invading margins) and other properties (piling vs. spread). In our previous report, we showed that cells from all five types grew in soft agar, transformed normal NIH 3T3 cells and formed foci on normal layer of BALB/c-3T3 cells. In this study, the neoplastic/tumorigenic potential of cells from the five different types of transformed foci was investigated in nude mice. About two million cells from each transformed focus were injected into 4-week-old nude mice. Non-transformed BALB/c-3T3 cells were used as control. The results of this study indicate that all the 45 athymic mice injected with different transformants developed tumors between 2 and 4 weeks after injection. Tumors were not observed in eight mice injected with non-transformed BALB/c-3T3 cells. All tumors were histopathologically confirmed fibrosarcomas. These findings indicate that all five morphologically different foci show tumorigenicity and that any foci of size > or =2 mm regardless of invasiveness and piling could be scored as positive during the cell transformation assay. JF - Mutation research AU - Keshava, N AD - Toxicology and Molecular Biology Branch, Health Effects Laboratory Division, National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, Morgantown, WV 26505-2888, USA. ndk2@cdc.gov Y1 - 2000/02/14/ PY - 2000 DA - 2000 Feb 14 SP - 281 EP - 286 VL - 447 IS - 2 SN - 0027-5107, 0027-5107 KW - Carcinogens KW - 0 KW - Methylcholanthrene KW - 56-49-5 KW - Index Medicus KW - Neoplasm Invasiveness KW - Animals KW - 3T3 Cells KW - Sarcoma, Experimental -- chemically induced KW - Carcinogens -- toxicity KW - Sarcoma, Experimental -- pathology KW - Mice, Nude KW - Mice KW - Cell Line, Transformed KW - Mice, Inbred BALB C KW - Female KW - Cell Transformation, Neoplastic -- pathology KW - Methylcholanthrene -- toxicity KW - Fibrosarcoma -- chemically induced KW - Cell Transformation, Neoplastic -- chemically induced KW - Fibrosarcoma -- pathology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/71012217?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Mutation+research&rft.atitle=Tumorigenicity+of+morphologically+distinct+transformed+foci+induced+by+3-methylcholanthrene+in+BALB%2Fc-3T3+cells.&rft.au=Keshava%2C+N&rft.aulast=Keshava&rft.aufirst=N&rft.date=2000-02-14&rft.volume=447&rft.issue=2&rft.spage=281&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Mutation+research&rft.issn=00275107&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 2000-05-17 N1 - Date created - 2000-05-17 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Simian foamy virus infection among zoo keepers AN - 18141366; 5276630 AB - We investigated 322 North American zoo workers in an anonymous serosurvey for antibodies to simian foamy viruses to establish the potential risk of zoonotic transmission by these retroviruses. 4 of 133 (3%) individuals who worked specifically with mammals including primates were seropositive, primarily with chimp-like viruses, indicating the importance of work practices to reduce exposure to these agents. JF - Lancet AU - Sandstrom, P A AU - Phan, KO AU - Switzer, WM AU - Fredeking, T AU - Chapman, L AU - Heneine, W AU - Folks, T M AD - HIV/Retrovirus Diseases Branch, Division of AIDS, Sexually Transmitted Disease, and Tuberculosis Laboratory Research, Mailstop G-19, National Center for Infectious Diseases, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta GA, 30333, USA, tmfa@cdc.gov Y1 - 2000/02/12/ PY - 2000 DA - 2000 Feb 12 VL - 355 IS - 9203 SN - 0099-5355, 0099-5355 KW - zoonoses KW - Virology & AIDS Abstracts; Health & Safety Science Abstracts KW - Zoonoses KW - Simian foamy virus KW - Occupational exposure KW - V 22123:Epidemiology KW - H 1000:Occupational Safety and Health UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/18141366?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Ahealthsafetyabstracts&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Lancet&rft.atitle=Simian+foamy+virus+infection+among+zoo+keepers&rft.au=Sandstrom%2C+P+A%3BPhan%2C+KO%3BSwitzer%2C+WM%3BFredeking%2C+T%3BChapman%2C+L%3BHeneine%2C+W%3BFolks%2C+T+M&rft.aulast=Sandstrom&rft.aufirst=P&rft.date=2000-02-12&rft.volume=355&rft.issue=9203&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Lancet&rft.issn=00995355&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Simian foamy virus; Occupational exposure; Zoonoses ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Elevated blood lead levels among internationally adopted children--United States, 1998. AN - 70958764; 10718094 AB - Lead poisoning has been reported recently among Chinese children adopted by U.S. citizens. However, little is known about the prevalence of elevated blood lead levels (BLLs) among adoptees from China and other countries. Persistent sources of lead exposure outside the United States include leaded gasoline exhaust; industrial emissions; cottage industries (e.g., battery breaking and recycling plants); traditional medicines; and some cosmetics, ceramic ware, and foods. In 1998, approximately 15,000 orphans from countries outside the United States who were adopted abroad or were to be adopted in the United States by U.S. citizens were issued U.S. immigrant visas-a nearly two-fold increase over 1988 (L. Lewis, Immigrant and Visa Control and Reporting Division, VISA Office, Bureau of Consular Affairs, U.S. State Department, personal communication, August 1999). Some orphans have been abandoned for extended periods and have no obtainable medical history. Immigrants aged or =10 microg/dL) among international adoptees, CDC contacted 12 international adoption medical specialists identified through the Joint Council on International Children's Services and two collaborating medical specialists. This report summarizes the results of that investigation, which suggest that international adoptees may arrive in the United States with elevated BLLs. JF - MMWR. Morbidity and mortality weekly report AU - Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) AD - Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) Y1 - 2000/02/11/ PY - 2000 DA - 2000 Feb 11 SP - 97 EP - 100 VL - 49 IS - 5 SN - 0149-2195, 0149-2195 KW - Lead KW - 2P299V784P KW - Index Medicus KW - AIDS/HIV KW - Asia -- ethnology KW - Humans KW - South America -- ethnology KW - Child KW - United States -- epidemiology KW - Europe, Eastern -- ethnology KW - Central America -- ethnology KW - Prevalence KW - Lead Poisoning -- epidemiology KW - Adoption KW - Lead -- blood KW - Emigration and Immigration UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/70958764?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=MMWR.+Morbidity+and+mortality+weekly+report&rft.atitle=Elevated+blood+lead+levels+among+internationally+adopted+children--United+States%2C+1998.&rft.au=Centers+for+Disease+Control+and+Prevention+%28CDC%29&rft.aulast=Centers+for+Disease+Control+and+Prevention+%28CDC%29&rft.aufirst=&rft.date=2000-02-11&rft.volume=49&rft.issue=5&rft.spage=97&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=MMWR.+Morbidity+and+mortality+weekly+report&rft.issn=01492195&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 2000-03-15 N1 - Date created - 2000-03-15 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Outbreaks of Salmonella serotype enteritidis infection associated with eating raw or undercooked shell eggs--United States, 1996-1998. AN - 70944952; 10706440 AB - During the 1980s and 1990s, Salmonella serotype Enteritidis (SE) emerged as an important cause of human illness in the United States. The rate of SE isolates reported to CDC increased from 0.6 per 100,000 population in 1976 to 3.6 per 100,000 in 1996 (Figure 1). Case-control studies of sporadic infections and outbreak investigations found that this increase was associated with eating raw or undercooked shell eggs (1). From 1996 to 1998, the rate of culture-confirmed SE cases reported to CDC declined to 2.2 per 100,000; however, outbreaks of illness caused by SE continue to occur. This report describes four SE outbreaks during 1996-1998 associated with eating raw or undercooked shell eggs and discusses measures that may be contributing to the decline in culture-confirmed SE cases. JF - MMWR. Morbidity and mortality weekly report AU - Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) AD - Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) Y1 - 2000/02/04/ PY - 2000 DA - 2000 Feb 04 SP - 73 EP - 79 VL - 49 IS - 4 SN - 0149-2195, 0149-2195 KW - Index Medicus KW - Arizona -- epidemiology KW - Humans KW - Serotyping KW - District of Columbia -- epidemiology KW - Nevada -- epidemiology KW - Disease Outbreaks KW - United States -- epidemiology KW - California -- epidemiology KW - Salmonella Food Poisoning -- etiology KW - Eggs -- microbiology KW - Salmonella enteritidis -- classification KW - Salmonella Food Poisoning -- epidemiology KW - Salmonella Food Poisoning -- microbiology KW - Salmonella enteritidis -- isolation & purification UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/70944952?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=MMWR.+Morbidity+and+mortality+weekly+report&rft.atitle=Outbreaks+of+Salmonella+serotype+enteritidis+infection+associated+with+eating+raw+or+undercooked+shell+eggs--United+States%2C+1996-1998.&rft.au=Centers+for+Disease+Control+and+Prevention+%28CDC%29&rft.aulast=Centers+for+Disease+Control+and+Prevention+%28CDC%29&rft.aufirst=&rft.date=2000-02-04&rft.volume=49&rft.issue=4&rft.spage=73&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=MMWR.+Morbidity+and+mortality+weekly+report&rft.issn=01492195&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 2000-03-07 N1 - Date created - 2000-03-07 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Biases in estimating the effect of cumulative exposure in log-linear models when estimated exposure levels are assigned. AN - 71016589; 10744176 AB - Exposure-response trends in occupational studies of chronic disease are often modeled via log-linear models with cumulative exposure as the metric of interest. Exposure levels for most subjects are often unknown, but can be estimated by assigning known job-specific mean exposure levels from a sample of workers to all workers. Such assignment results in (nondifferential) measurement error of the Berkson type, which does not bias the estimate of exposure effect in linear models but can result in substantial bias in log-linear models with dichotomous outcomes. This bias was explored in estimated exposure-response trends using cumulative exposure. Simulations were conducted under the assumptions that (i) exposure level is assigned to all workers based on the job-specific means from a sample of workers, (ii) exposure level and duration are log-normal, (iii) the true exposure-response model is log-linear for cumulative exposure, (iv) the disease is rare, and (v) the variance of job-specific exposure level increases with its job-specific mean. Results Assignment of job-specific mean exposure levels from a sample of workers causes an upward bias in the estimated exposure-response trend when there is little variance in the duration of exposure but causes a downward bias when duration has a large variance. This bias can be substantial (eg, 30-50%). Berkson errors in exposure result in little bias in estimating exposure-response trends when the standard deviation of duration is approximately equal to its mean, which is common in many occupational studies. No bias occurs when the variance of exposure level is constant across jobs, but such conditions are probably uncommon. JF - Scandinavian journal of work, environment & health AU - Steenland, K AU - Deddens, J A AU - Zhao, S AD - National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, Cincinnati, Ohio 45226, USA. kns1@cdc.gov Y1 - 2000/02// PY - 2000 DA - February 2000 SP - 37 EP - 43 VL - 26 IS - 1 SN - 0355-3140, 0355-3140 KW - Index Medicus KW - Regression Analysis KW - Humans KW - Models, Statistical KW - Occupational Exposure -- statistics & numerical data KW - Observer Variation UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/71016589?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Scandinavian+journal+of+work%2C+environment+%26+health&rft.atitle=Biases+in+estimating+the+effect+of+cumulative+exposure+in+log-linear+models+when+estimated+exposure+levels+are+assigned.&rft.au=Steenland%2C+K%3BDeddens%2C+J+A%3BZhao%2C+S&rft.aulast=Steenland&rft.aufirst=K&rft.date=2000-02-01&rft.volume=26&rft.issue=1&rft.spage=37&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Scandinavian+journal+of+work%2C+environment+%26+health&rft.issn=03553140&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 2000-04-19 N1 - Date created - 2000-04-19 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Epidemic diphtheria in the Newly Independent States of the Former Soviet Union: implications for diphtheria control in the United States. AN - 70915895; 10657221 AB - The re-emergence of diphtheria in the Newly Independent States of the former Soviet Union in the 1990s raised global awareness of the potential for resurgent disease in countries with long-standing immunization programs. In the United States, the large population of susceptible adults and the possibility of a reintroduction of toxigenic strains of diphtheria create a setting in which diphtheria could spread. In addition, at least one focus of continued circulation of endemic toxigenic Corynebacterium diphtheriae has been identified. Few physicians now have expertise in the diagnosis and treatment of persons with diphtheria, and laboratory capacity is lacking throughout the country. These concerns highlight the importance of maintaining high levels of age-appropriate diphtheria toxoid vaccination, surveillance, accessible and reliable laboratory testing, and training of health care providers. Although the risk of resurgence of diphtheria in the United States is low, public health authorities must ensure that the capacity to recognize, diagnose, and control diphtheria is maintained. JF - The Journal of infectious diseases AU - Golaz, A AU - Hardy, I R AU - Strebel, P AU - Bisgard, K M AU - Vitek, C AU - Popovic, T AU - Wharton, M AD - Child Vaccine Preventable Disease Branch, Epidemiology and Surveillance Division, National Immunization Program, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA 30333, USA. acg0@cdc.gov Y1 - 2000/02// PY - 2000 DA - February 2000 SP - S237 EP - S243 VL - 181 Suppl 1 SN - 0022-1899, 0022-1899 KW - Abridged Index Medicus KW - Index Medicus KW - Age Factors KW - Humans KW - Commonwealth of Independent States -- epidemiology KW - United States -- epidemiology KW - Male KW - Female KW - Disease Outbreaks -- prevention & control KW - Diphtheria -- epidemiology KW - Diphtheria -- prevention & control KW - Corynebacterium diphtheriae UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/70915895?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Journal+of+infectious+diseases&rft.atitle=Epidemic+diphtheria+in+the+Newly+Independent+States+of+the+Former+Soviet+Union%3A+implications+for+diphtheria+control+in+the+United+States.&rft.au=Golaz%2C+A%3BHardy%2C+I+R%3BStrebel%2C+P%3BBisgard%2C+K+M%3BVitek%2C+C%3BPopovic%2C+T%3BWharton%2C+M&rft.aulast=Golaz&rft.aufirst=A&rft.date=2000-02-01&rft.volume=181+Suppl+1&rft.issue=&rft.spage=S237&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=The+Journal+of+infectious+diseases&rft.issn=00221899&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 2000-04-13 N1 - Date created - 2000-04-13 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Evaluation of a single dose of diphtheria-tetanus toxoids among adults in Odessa, Ukraine, 1995: immunogenicity and adverse reactions. AN - 70896352; 10657215 AB - Epidemic diphtheria spread to Ukraine in 1991, where it peaked in 1995 with >5,000 reported cases. To refine epidemic control strategies, immunogenicity of a tetanus-diphtheria toxoids vaccine (Td) containing 2 limits of flocculation (Lf) diphtheria toxoid was evaluated. During a mass vaccination campaign, adults at a clinic in Odessa received one dose of Td. At enrollment, 57.2% of 341 study participants had levels of diphtheria antitoxin (DAT) >/=0.1 IU/mL. Thirty and 180 days after receiving one dose of Td, 91.5% and 84.5% of the participants, respectively, had DAT levels >/=0.1 IU/mL. However, among 40- to 49-year-old participants, only 78.8% and 73.8% had DAT levels >/=0.1 IU/mL at 30 and 180 days, respectively. This study suggests that one dose of 2 Lf diphtheria toxoid is highly effective in raising DAT to protective levels in most adults; however, the study also shows that certain age groups, particularly persons 40-49 and, to a lesser degree, 30-39 years old may require additional doses or a complete three-dose primary vaccination series for optimal protection against diphtheria. JF - The Journal of infectious diseases AU - Golaz, A AU - Hardy, I R AU - Glushkevich, T G AU - Areytchiuk, E K AU - Deforest, A AU - Strebel, P AU - Wharton, M AU - Sutter, R W AD - Child Vaccine Preventable Disease Branch, National Immunization Program, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA 30333, USA. acg0@cdc.gov Y1 - 2000/02// PY - 2000 DA - February 2000 SP - S203 EP - S207 VL - 181 Suppl 1 SN - 0022-1899, 0022-1899 KW - Antibodies, Bacterial KW - 0 KW - Diphtheria Toxin KW - Diphtheria Toxoid KW - Diphtheria-Tetanus Vaccine KW - Tetanus Toxoid KW - Vaccines, Combined KW - Abridged Index Medicus KW - Index Medicus KW - Diphtheria Toxin -- blood KW - Diphtheria Toxin -- immunology KW - Vaccines, Combined -- adverse effects KW - Humans KW - Ukraine KW - Vaccination KW - Vaccines, Combined -- administration & dosage KW - Evaluation Studies as Topic KW - Adult KW - Antibodies, Bacterial -- blood KW - Vaccines, Combined -- immunology KW - Middle Aged KW - Adolescent KW - Female KW - Male KW - Diphtheria Toxoid -- immunology KW - Tetanus Toxoid -- adverse effects KW - Diphtheria Toxoid -- adverse effects KW - Diphtheria -- immunology KW - Diphtheria -- prevention & control KW - Tetanus Toxoid -- administration & dosage KW - Tetanus Toxoid -- immunology KW - Diphtheria Toxoid -- administration & dosage UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/70896352?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Journal+of+infectious+diseases&rft.atitle=Evaluation+of+a+single+dose+of+diphtheria-tetanus+toxoids+among+adults+in+Odessa%2C+Ukraine%2C+1995%3A+immunogenicity+and+adverse+reactions.&rft.au=Golaz%2C+A%3BHardy%2C+I+R%3BGlushkevich%2C+T+G%3BAreytchiuk%2C+E+K%3BDeforest%2C+A%3BStrebel%2C+P%3BWharton%2C+M%3BSutter%2C+R+W&rft.aulast=Golaz&rft.aufirst=A&rft.date=2000-02-01&rft.volume=181+Suppl+1&rft.issue=&rft.spage=S203&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=The+Journal+of+infectious+diseases&rft.issn=00221899&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 2000-04-13 N1 - Date created - 2000-04-13 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Diphtheria epidemic in the Republic of Georgia, 1993-1997. AN - 70888479; 10657196 AB - Epidemic diphtheria reemerged in the republic of Georgia in 1993. From 1993 to 1997, 1405 cases were reported (28 in 1993, 312 in 1994, 429 in 1995, 348 in 1996, and 288 in 1997), with a cumulative incidence of 25.8/100,000 and a case fatality ratio of 9.5%. During 1993-1997, 53% of the diphtheria cases occurred among persons >/=15 years of age. Unvaccinated patients were more likely to have toxic forms (relative risk=2.24; 95% confidence interval=1.69-2.96) or to die of diphtheria (relative risk=2.24; 95% confidence interval=1. 36-3.68) than those who had received at least one dose of diphtheria toxoid. Improvement in routine childhood vaccination coverage and implementation of mass adult vaccination campaigns have been critical to bringing the epidemic under control. By mid-1998, the overall diphtheria situation in Georgia appeared to have been controlled. Only 53 cases were reported from January to June 1998, representing a 64% decrease from the 148 cases during the corresponding period in 1997. JF - The Journal of infectious diseases AU - Khetsuriani, N AU - Imnadze, P AU - Dekanosidze, N AD - National Immunization Program and Epidemic Intelligence Service, Epidemiology Program Office, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA 30333, USA. nck7@cdc.gov Y1 - 2000/02// PY - 2000 DA - February 2000 SP - S80 EP - S85 VL - 181 Suppl 1 SN - 0022-1899, 0022-1899 KW - Diphtheria Toxoid KW - 0 KW - Diphtheria-Tetanus-Pertussis Vaccine KW - Abridged Index Medicus KW - Index Medicus KW - Diphtheria-Tetanus-Pertussis Vaccine -- administration & dosage KW - Disease Notification -- statistics & numerical data KW - Humans KW - Infant, Newborn KW - Aged KW - Child KW - Immunization Schedule KW - National Health Programs KW - Corynebacterium diphtheriae -- immunology KW - Age Distribution KW - Child, Preschool KW - Infant KW - Georgia -- epidemiology KW - Adult KW - Incidence KW - Middle Aged KW - Adolescent KW - Corynebacterium diphtheriae -- isolation & purification KW - Diphtheria Toxoid -- immunology KW - Disease Outbreaks -- prevention & control KW - Immunization Programs KW - Diphtheria -- microbiology KW - Diphtheria -- epidemiology KW - Diphtheria -- prevention & control KW - Diphtheria Toxoid -- administration & dosage UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/70888479?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Journal+of+infectious+diseases&rft.atitle=Diphtheria+epidemic+in+the+Republic+of+Georgia%2C+1993-1997.&rft.au=Khetsuriani%2C+N%3BImnadze%2C+P%3BDekanosidze%2C+N&rft.aulast=Khetsuriani&rft.aufirst=N&rft.date=2000-02-01&rft.volume=181+Suppl+1&rft.issue=&rft.spage=S80&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=The+Journal+of+infectious+diseases&rft.issn=00221899&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 2000-04-13 N1 - Date created - 2000-04-13 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Mortality From Invasive Pneumococcal Pneumonia in the Era of Antibiotic Resistance, 1995-1997 AN - 17610339; 4747005 AB - Objectives. This study examined epidemiologic factors affecting mortality from pneumococcal pneumonia in 1995 through 1997. Methods. Persons residing in a surveillance area who had community-acquired pneumonia requiring hospitalization and Streptococcus pneumoniae isolated from a sterile site were included in the analysis. Factors affecting mortality were evaluated in univariate and multivariate analyses. The number of deaths from pneumococcal pneumonia requiring hospitalization in the United States in 1996 was estimated. Results. Of 5837 cases, 12% were fatal. Increased mortality was associated with older age, underlying disease, Asian race, and residence in Toronto/Peel, Ontario. When these factors were controlled for, increased mortality was not associated with resistance to penicillin or cefotaxime. However, when deaths during the first 4 hospital days were excluded, mortality was significantly associated with penicillin minimum inhibitory concentrations of 4.0 or higher and cefotaxime minimum inhibitory concentrations of 2.0 or higher. In 1996, about 7000 to 12 500 deaths occurred in the United States from pneumococcal pneumonia requiring hospitalization. Conclusions. Older age and underlying disease remain the most important factors influencing death from pneumococcal pneumonia. Mortality was not elevated in most infections with beta -lactam-resistant pneumococci. JF - American Journal of Public Health AU - Feikin AU - Schuchat, A AU - Kolczak, M AU - Barrett, N L AU - Harrison, L H AU - Lefkowitz, L AU - McGeer, A AU - Farley, M M AU - Vugia, D J AU - Lexau, C AU - Stefonek, K R AU - Patterson, JE AU - Jorgensen, J H AD - Mailstop C-23, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, 1600 Clifton Rd, Atlanta, GA 30333, USA, acs1@cdc.gov Y1 - 2000/02// PY - 2000 DA - Feb 2000 SP - 223 EP - 229 VL - 90 IS - 2 SN - 0090-0036, 0090-0036 KW - Microbiology Abstracts B: Bacteriology KW - Mortality KW - Streptococcus pneumoniae KW - Cefotaxime KW - Penicillin KW - Ethnic groups KW - Antibiotic resistance KW - Pneumonia KW - Hospitals KW - J 02845:Ear, nose and respiratory tract UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/17610339?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologyb&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=American+Journal+of+Public+Health&rft.atitle=Mortality+From+Invasive+Pneumococcal+Pneumonia+in+the+Era+of+Antibiotic+Resistance%2C+1995-1997&rft.au=Feikin%3BSchuchat%2C+A%3BKolczak%2C+M%3BBarrett%2C+N+L%3BHarrison%2C+L+H%3BLefkowitz%2C+L%3BMcGeer%2C+A%3BFarley%2C+M+M%3BVugia%2C+D+J%3BLexau%2C+C%3BStefonek%2C+K+R%3BPatterson%2C+JE%3BJorgensen%2C+J+H&rft.aulast=Feikin&rft.aufirst=&rft.date=2000-02-01&rft.volume=90&rft.issue=2&rft.spage=223&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=American+Journal+of+Public+Health&rft.issn=00900036&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Streptococcus pneumoniae; Pneumonia; Mortality; Antibiotic resistance; Hospitals; Ethnic groups; Penicillin; Cefotaxime ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Prevention Effectiveness of Rollover Protective Structures--Part III: Economic Analysis AN - 17522307; 4710763 AB - The purpose of this part of the study is to assess the costs and benefits of either installing rollover protective structure (ROPS) on tractors lacking ROPS and for which ROPS are available or replacing the tractors with newer ROPS-equipped ones, relative to doing nothing. The methods used are cost-effectiveness and cost-benefit analyses. The cost-effectiveness analysis shows that compared to the "do nothing" strategy, the "install ROPS" strategy would cost $489,373 per injury averted and the "replace tractor" strategy would cost $14.3 million per injury averted over a 23-year period. The cost-benefit analysis shows that compared to the "do nothing" strategy, the "install ROPS" strategy would save society $1.5 billion while the "replace tractor" strategy would cost society $18.7 billion. While both the "install ROPS" and the "replace tractor" strategies are effective at saving lives and preventing injuries, this study has concluded that the preferred strategy in terms of cost-effectiveness is to "install ROPS" on tractors lacking them and for which ROPS are available. JF - Journal of Agricultural Safety and Health AU - Pana-Cryan, R AU - Myers, M L AD - NIOSH/CDC, 1600 Clifton Rd., NE, MS D-40, Atlanta, GA 30333, USA, rfp2@cdc.gov Y1 - 2000/02// PY - 2000 DA - Feb 2000 SP - 57 EP - 70 VL - 6 IS - 1 SN - 1074-7583, 1074-7583 KW - farming KW - rollover KW - safety engineering KW - tractors KW - Health & Safety Science Abstracts KW - Agriculture KW - Accidents KW - Motor vehicles KW - Economics KW - Occupational safety KW - H 2000:Transportation UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/17522307?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Ahealthsafetyabstracts&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Agricultural+Safety+and+Health&rft.atitle=Prevention+Effectiveness+of+Rollover+Protective+Structures--Part+III%3A+Economic+Analysis&rft.au=Pana-Cryan%2C+R%3BMyers%2C+M+L&rft.aulast=Pana-Cryan&rft.aufirst=R&rft.date=2000-02-01&rft.volume=6&rft.issue=1&rft.spage=57&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+Agricultural+Safety+and+Health&rft.issn=10747583&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Occupational safety; Accidents; Agriculture; Motor vehicles; Economics ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Prevention Effectiveness of Rollover Protective Structures--Part II: Decision Analysis AN - 17521776; 4710762 AB - This is the second of three articles that evaluate the consequences of using rollover protective structures (ROPS) on agricultural tractors. It presents the results of a decision analysis that compares three strategies for preventing injuries when agricultural tractors without ROPS overturn. The three strategies examined are "do nothing", "install ROPS", and "replace tractor". The strategies are implemented over a five-year period and health outcomes expressed as fatal and nonfatal injuries are calculated over a 23-year period. The "do nothing" strategy would result in 1,450 fatalities and 1,806 nonfatal injuries, while the "install ROPS" strategy would prevent 1,176 fatalities and 957 nonfatal injuries, and the "replace tractor" strategy would prevent 1,188 fatalities and 967 nonfatal injuries. The latter two strategies reflect more than an 80% reduction in fatalities and about 53% reduction in nonfatal injuries. The study does not consider overturn injuries that result from tractors lacking ROPS and for which ROPS are unavailable. JF - Journal of Agricultural Safety and Health AU - Myers, M L AU - Pana-Cryan, R AD - NIOSH/CDC, 1600 Clifton Rd., NE, MS D-40, Atlanta, GA 30333, USA, rfp2@cdc.gov Y1 - 2000/02// PY - 2000 DA - Feb 2000 SP - 41 EP - 55 VL - 6 IS - 1 SN - 1074-7583, 1074-7583 KW - farming KW - rollover KW - tractors KW - Health & Safety Science Abstracts KW - Agriculture KW - Accidents KW - Injuries KW - Motor vehicles KW - Occupational safety KW - H 2000:Transportation UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/17521776?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Ahealthsafetyabstracts&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Agricultural+Safety+and+Health&rft.atitle=Prevention+Effectiveness+of+Rollover+Protective+Structures--Part+II%3A+Decision+Analysis&rft.au=Myers%2C+M+L%3BPana-Cryan%2C+R&rft.aulast=Myers&rft.aufirst=M&rft.date=2000-02-01&rft.volume=6&rft.issue=1&rft.spage=41&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+Agricultural+Safety+and+Health&rft.issn=10747583&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Motor vehicles; Occupational safety; Accidents; Injuries; Agriculture ER - TY - JOUR T1 - 50-Hertz Magnetic Field and Calcium Transients in Jurkat Cells: Results of a Research and Public Information Dissemination (RAPID) Program Study AN - 17520470; 4707283 AB - An effect on intracellular calcium continues to be proposed as a biochemical pathway for the mediation of biologic effects of electrical-power-frequency magnetic fields (MF). However, reproducible results among laboratories are difficult to attain and the characteristics of magnetic field effects on intracellular free calcium ([Ca super(2+)] sub(i)) are not well understood. We attempted to repeat the studies of Lindstroem et al. [Intracellular Calcium Oscillations in a T-Cell Line by a Weak 50 Hz Magnetic Field. J Cell Physiol 156:395-398 (1993)] by investigating the effect of a 1.5-G 50-Hz MF on [Ca super(2+)] sub(i) in the Jurkat lymphocyte T-cell line. Changes in [Ca super(2+)] sub(i) were determined using microscopic imaging of fura-2 loaded Jurkat cells on poly-L-lysine-coated glass coverslips. The MF was generated by a single coil constructed with bifilar wire and located in the same plane as the cells. Cells were randomly exposed for 8 min to MF, sham field (SF), or no field (NF) conditions. The exposure condition remained coded until data analysis was complete. Each exposure period was preceded by an 8-min data collection to establish a baseline for [Ca super(2+)] sub(i). After each exposure condition, cells were exposed to anti-CD3 antibody that induced a rapid increase in [Ca super(2+)] sub(i) in responsive cells; this provided a positive control. [Ca super(2+)] sub(i) was analyzed for individual cells as spatially-averaged background-corrected 340/380 nm ratios, and a [Ca super(2+)] sub(i) transient was considered significant for positive deviations from baseline of 3x an estimate of noise in the baseline. Typically, 25-50 cells/field were viewed and approximately 50% had no [Ca super(2+)] sub(i) transients in the baseline period and also responded to positive control. Only cells responding to positive control and lacking changes in [Ca super(2+)] sub(i) during the baseline period were considered qualified for assessment during the exposure period. The incidences of [Ca super(2+)] sub(i) transients during the exposure period for two experiments (40x objective) were 16.5, 14.6, and 14.2% for MF, SF, and NF, respectively, and were not statistically significantly different. Previous studies by Lindstroem et al. [Intracellular Calcium Oscillations in a T-Cell Line after Exposure to Extremely-Low-Frequency Magnetic Fields with Variable Frequencies and Flux Densities. Bioelectromagnetics 16:41-47 (1995)] showed a high response rate (92%) for exposure to 1.5-G 50-Hz MF when individual cells were preselected for investigation. We found no such effect when examining many cells simultaneously in a random and blind fashion. These results do not preclude an effect of MF on [Ca super(2+)] sub(i), but suggest that responsive cells, if they exist, were not identified using the approaches that we used in this study. JF - Environmental Health Perspectives AU - Wey, HE AU - Conover, D P AU - Mathias, P AU - Toraason, M AU - Lotz, W G AD - National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH), MS-C23, 4676 Columbia Parkway, Cincinnati OH 45226 USA, mht1@cdc.gov Y1 - 2000/02// PY - 2000 DA - Feb 2000 SP - 135 EP - 140 VL - 108 IS - 2 SN - 0091-6765, 0091-6765 KW - Jurkat cells KW - Toxicology Abstracts KW - Magnetic fields KW - Calcium KW - X 24210:Radiation & radioactive materials UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/17520470?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxicologyabstracts&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Environmental+Health+Perspectives&rft.atitle=50-Hertz+Magnetic+Field+and+Calcium+Transients+in+Jurkat+Cells%3A+Results+of+a+Research+and+Public+Information+Dissemination+%28RAPID%29+Program+Study&rft.au=Wey%2C+HE%3BConover%2C+D+P%3BMathias%2C+P%3BToraason%2C+M%3BLotz%2C+W+G&rft.aulast=Wey&rft.aufirst=HE&rft.date=2000-02-01&rft.volume=108&rft.issue=2&rft.spage=135&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Environmental+Health+Perspectives&rft.issn=00916765&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Magnetic fields; Calcium ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Evaluation of the Oxyrase OxyPlate Anaerobe Incubation System AN - 17474501; 4677666 AB - The Oxyrase OxyPlate anaerobe incubation system was evaluated for its ability to support the growth of clinically significant anaerobic bacteria previously identified by the Anaerobe Reference Laboratory at the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. The results were compared with those obtained with conventional anaerobe blood agar plates incubated in an anaerobe chamber. We tested 251 anaerobic bacterial strains. Plates were read at 24, 48, and 72 h; growth was scored by a numerical coding system that combines the degree of growth and the colony size. Organisms (number of strains tested) used in this study were Actinomyces (32), Anaerobiospirillum (8), Bacteroides (39), Campylobacter (8), Clostridium (96), Fusobacterium (12), Leptotrichia (8), Mobiluncus (8), Peptostreptococcus (16), and Propionibacterium (24). At 24 h, 101 (40.2%) of the 251 strains tested showed better growth with the anaerobe chamber than with the OxyPlate system, 10 (4.1%) showed better growth with the OxyPlate system, and the remaining 140 (55.8%) showed equal growth with both systems. At 48 h, 173 (68.9%) showed equal growth with both systems, while 78 (31.1%) showed better growth with the anaerobe chamber. At 72 h, 176 (70.1%) showed equal growth with both systems, while 75 (29.9%) showed better growth with the anaerobe chamber. The OxyPlate system performed well for the most commonly isolated anaerobes but was inadequate for some strains. These results indicate that the Oxyrase OxyPlate system was effective in creating an anaerobic atmosphere and supporting the growth of anaerobic bacteria within 72 h. OxyPlates would be a useful addition to the clinical microbiology laboratory lacking resources for traditional anaerobic culturing techniques. JF - Journal of Clinical Microbiology AU - Wiggs, L S AU - Cavallaro, J J AU - Miller, J M AD - Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, 1600 Clifton Rd., N.E., Mail Stop C-16, Atlanta, GA 30333, USA, JJC1@CDC.GOV Y1 - 2000/02// PY - 2000 DA - Feb 2000 SP - 499 EP - 507 VL - 38 IS - 2 SN - 0095-1137, 0095-1137 KW - Oxyrase OxyPlate anaerobe incubation system KW - Microbiology Abstracts B: Bacteriology KW - Clostridium KW - Leptotrichia KW - Peptostreptococcus KW - Bacteroides KW - Anaerobiospirillum KW - Mobiluncus KW - Fusobacterium KW - Propionibacterium KW - Media (culture) KW - Atmospheric conditions KW - Actinomyces KW - Anaerobic bacteria KW - J 02703:Culture UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/17474501?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologyb&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Clinical+Microbiology&rft.atitle=Evaluation+of+the+Oxyrase+OxyPlate+Anaerobe+Incubation+System&rft.au=Wiggs%2C+L+S%3BCavallaro%2C+J+J%3BMiller%2C+J+M&rft.aulast=Wiggs&rft.aufirst=L&rft.date=2000-02-01&rft.volume=38&rft.issue=2&rft.spage=499&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+Clinical+Microbiology&rft.issn=00951137&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Actinomyces; Bacteroides; Anaerobiospirillum; Clostridium; Fusobacterium; Peptostreptococcus; Mobiluncus; Leptotrichia; Propionibacterium; Atmospheric conditions; Anaerobic bacteria; Media (culture) ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Outbreak of Shigella sonnei infections associated with eating a nationally distributed dip--California, Oregon, and Washington, January 2000. AN - 70957384; 10725973 JF - MMWR. Morbidity and mortality weekly report AU - Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) AD - Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) Y1 - 2000/01/28/ PY - 2000 DA - 2000 Jan 28 SP - 60 EP - 61 VL - 49 IS - 3 SN - 0149-2195, 0149-2195 KW - Index Medicus KW - Washington -- epidemiology KW - Humans KW - California -- epidemiology KW - Oregon -- epidemiology KW - Shigella sonnei KW - Foodborne Diseases -- epidemiology KW - Dysentery, Bacillary -- etiology KW - Dysentery, Bacillary -- epidemiology KW - Disease Outbreaks UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/70957384?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=MMWR.+Morbidity+and+mortality+weekly+report&rft.atitle=Outbreak+of+Shigella+sonnei+infections+associated+with+eating+a+nationally+distributed+dip--California%2C+Oregon%2C+and+Washington%2C+January+2000.&rft.au=Centers+for+Disease+Control+and+Prevention+%28CDC%29&rft.aulast=Centers+for+Disease+Control+and+Prevention+%28CDC%29&rft.aufirst=&rft.date=2000-01-28&rft.volume=49&rft.issue=3&rft.spage=60&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=MMWR.+Morbidity+and+mortality+weekly+report&rft.issn=01492195&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 2000-03-23 N1 - Date created - 2000-03-23 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Accutane-exposed pregnancies--California, 1999. AN - 70900990; 10680601 AB - Accutane (Roche Laboratories, Nutley, New Jersey), known by the generic name "isotretinoin," is a prescription oral medication approved by the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) to treat severe, recalcitrant nodular acne. It is also a known human teratogen that can cause multiple major malformations. Embryopathy associated with the mother's exposure to isotretinoin during the first trimester of pregnancy includes craniofacial, cardiac, thymic, and central nervous system malformations . In response to FDA recommendations, the manufacturer began a pregnancy-prevention program (PPP) in 1988 that included educational materials for physicians and patients and offered women reimbursement for contraceptive counseling by a physician. The PPP coordinators asked reproductive-aged women being treated with isotretinoin to enroll voluntarily in the Boston University Accutane Survey (BUAS). The total number of reproductive-aged women taking isotretinoin in the United States is unknown; however, 454,273 women enrolled in the BUAS from 1989 to October 1999. BUAS has estimated that 38%-40% of reproductive-aged women taking isotretinoin chose to enroll in the survey (BUAS, unpublished data, 1999). Although isotretinoin is contraindicated in pregnancy and has a package label warning users to avoid pregnancy while taking it, exposed pregnancies occur. Approximately 900 pregnancies occurred among BUAS enrollees during 1989-1998 (BUAS, unpublished data, 1999). Roche Laboratories began direct-to-consumer print advertisements in 1996, added television and radio advertisements to selected cities in 1997, and expanded the campaign to the entire United States in 1998. JF - MMWR. Morbidity and mortality weekly report AU - Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) AD - Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) Y1 - 2000/01/21/ PY - 2000 DA - 2000 Jan 21 SP - 28 EP - 31 VL - 49 IS - 2 SN - 0149-2195, 0149-2195 KW - Keratolytic Agents KW - 0 KW - Isotretinoin KW - EH28UP18IF KW - Index Medicus KW - Patient Education as Topic KW - Acne Vulgaris -- drug therapy KW - Humans KW - Adult KW - Adolescent KW - Female KW - Pregnancy KW - Isotretinoin -- contraindications KW - Contraception KW - Isotretinoin -- adverse effects KW - Abnormalities, Drug-Induced -- etiology KW - Keratolytic Agents -- adverse effects KW - Abnormalities, Drug-Induced -- prevention & control KW - Keratolytic Agents -- contraindications UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/70900990?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=MMWR.+Morbidity+and+mortality+weekly+report&rft.atitle=Accutane-exposed+pregnancies--California%2C+1999.&rft.au=Centers+for+Disease+Control+and+Prevention+%28CDC%29&rft.aulast=Centers+for+Disease+Control+and+Prevention+%28CDC%29&rft.aufirst=&rft.date=2000-01-21&rft.volume=49&rft.issue=2&rft.spage=28&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=MMWR.+Morbidity+and+mortality+weekly+report&rft.issn=01492195&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 2000-02-24 N1 - Date created - 2000-02-24 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Group B streptococcal disease in the era of intrapartum antibiotic prophylaxis AN - 17453466; 4663637 AB - Group B streptococcal infections are a leading cause of neonatal mortality, and they also affect pregnant women and the elderly. Many cases of the disease in newborns can be prevented by the administration of prophylactic intrapartum antibiotics. In the 1990s, prevention efforts increased. In 1996, consensus quidelines recommended use of either a risk-based or a screening-based approach to identify candidates for intrapartum antibiotics. To assess the effects of the preventive efforts, we analyzed trends in the incidence of group B streptococcal disease from 1993 to 1998. Active, population-based surveillance was conducted in selected counties of eight states. A case was defined by the isolation of group B streptococci from a normally sterile site. Census and live-birth data were used to calculate the race-specific incidence of disease; national projections were adjusted for race. Disease in infants less than seven days old accounted for 20 percent of all 7867 group B streptococcal infections. The incidence of early-onset neonatal infections decreased by 65 percent, from 1.7 per 1000 live births in 1993 to 0.6 per 1000 in 1998. The excess incidence of early-onset disease in black infants, as compared with white infants, decreased by 75 percent. Projecting our findings to the entire United States, we estimate that 3900 early-onset infections and 200 neonatal deaths were prevented in 1998 by the use of intrapartum antibiotics. Among pregnant girls and women, the incidence of invasive group B streptococcal disease declined by 21 percent. The incidence among nonpregnant adults did not decline. Over a six-year period, there has been a substantial decline in the incidence of group B streptococcal disease in newborns, including a major reduction in the excess incidence of these infections in black infants. These improvements coincide with the efforts to prevent perinatal disease by the wider use of prophylactic intrapartum antibiotics. JF - New England Journal of Medicine AU - Schrag, S J AU - Zywicki, S AU - Farley, M M AU - Reingold, AL AU - Harrison, L H AU - Lefkowitz, L B AU - Hadler, J L AU - Danila, R AU - Cieslak, PR AU - Schucht, A AD - Respiratory Diseases Branch, MS-C23, Division of Bacterial and Mycotic Disease, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, 1600 Clifton Rd., Atlanta, GA 30333, USA, zha6@cdc.gov Y1 - 2000/01/06/ PY - 2000 DA - 2000 Jan 06 SP - 15 EP - 20 VL - 342 IS - 1 SN - 0028-4793, 0028-4793 KW - infectious diseases KW - prophylaxis KW - man KW - Microbiology Abstracts B: Bacteriology KW - Streptococcus agalactiae KW - Antibiotics KW - Pregnancy KW - J 02855:Human Bacteriology: Others UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/17453466?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologyb&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=New+England+Journal+of+Medicine&rft.atitle=Group+B+streptococcal+disease+in+the+era+of+intrapartum+antibiotic+prophylaxis&rft.au=Schrag%2C+S+J%3BZywicki%2C+S%3BFarley%2C+M+M%3BReingold%2C+AL%3BHarrison%2C+L+H%3BLefkowitz%2C+L+B%3BHadler%2C+J+L%3BDanila%2C+R%3BCieslak%2C+PR%3BSchucht%2C+A&rft.aulast=Schrag&rft.aufirst=S&rft.date=2000-01-06&rft.volume=342&rft.issue=1&rft.spage=15&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=New+England+Journal+of+Medicine&rft.issn=00284793&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Streptococcus agalactiae; Antibiotics; Pregnancy ER - TY - JOUR T1 - A cluster of acoustic neuromas in fish hatchery workers. AN - 85346808; pmid-10665189 AB - The National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH) received a request from the United States Fish and Wildlife Service (FWS) to determine if there is a relationship between acoustic neuroma and fish hatchery work. The request was triggered by a report from an FWS employee who suspected the possibility of such an association. Investigators used data provided by the personnel office of the FWS to calculate the incidence of acoustic neuroma among fish hatchery workers, and then to compare it with national rates. Four confirmed cases of acoustic neuroma were found among former fish hatchery workers. The overall incidence was estimated to be 15.41 per 100,000 person-years. This rate is more than 15 times higher than the rate among the general population. Even so, the small number of cases, as well as other factors, preclude the NIOSH from concluding that there is a definite cause-and-effect relationship. Further study is warranted. JF - Ear, nose, & throat journal AU - Page, E H AD - National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Cincinnati, OH 45226-1998, USA. edp7@cdc.gov Y1 - 2000/01// PY - 2000 DA - Jan 2000 SP - 34 EP - 7, 41 VL - 79 IS - 1 SN - 0145-5613, 0145-5613 KW - Index Medicus KW - National Library of Medicine KW - Neuroma, Acoustic -- epidemiology KW - Humans KW - Adult KW - Neuroma, Acoustic -- etiology KW - Occupational Diseases -- etiology KW - Incidence KW - Occupational Diseases -- epidemiology KW - Cluster Analysis KW - United States -- epidemiology KW - Male KW - Fisheries UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/85346808?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Acomdisdome&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Ear%2C+nose%2C+%26+throat+journal&rft.atitle=A+cluster+of+acoustic+neuromas+in+fish+hatchery+workers.&rft.au=Page%2C+E+H&rft.aulast=Page&rft.aufirst=E&rft.date=2000-01-01&rft.volume=79&rft.issue=1&rft.spage=34&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Ear%2C+nose%2C+%26+throat+journal&rft.issn=01455613&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English (eng) DB - ComDisDome N1 - Date revised - 2010-04-12 N1 - Last updated - 2010-09-25 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - The time course of responses to intratracheally instilled toxic Stachybotrys chartarum spores in rats. AN - 72566319; 11227851 AB - Stachybotrys chartarum is a fungal species that can produce mycotoxins, specifically trichothecenes. Exposures in the indoor environment have reportedly induced neurogenic symptoms in adults and hemosiderosis in infants. However, little evidence has linked measured exposures to any fungal agent with any health outcome. We present here a study that focuses on quantitatively assessing the health risks from fungal toxin exposure. Male, 10 week old Charles River-Dawley rats were intratracheally instilled with approximately 9.6 million Stachybotrys chartarum spores in a saline suspension. The lungs were lavaged 0 h (i.e., immediately post-instillation), 6, 24 or 72 h after instillation. Biochemical indicators (albumin, myeloperoxidase, lactic dehydrogenase, hemoglobin) and leukocyte differentials in the bronchoalveolar lavage fluid and weight change were measured. We have demonstrated that a single, acute pulmonary exposure to a large quantity of Stachybotrys chartarum spores by intratracheal instillation causes severe injury detectable by bronchoalveolar lavage. The primary effect appears to be cytotoxicity and inflammation with hemorrhage. There is a measurable effect as early as 6 h after instillation, which may be attributable to mycotoxins in the fungal spores. The time course of responses supports early release of some toxins, with the most severe effects occurring between 6 and 24 h following exposure. By 72 h, recovery has begun, although macrophage concentrations remained elevated. JF - Mycopathologia AU - Rao, C Y AU - Burge, H A AU - Brain, J D AD - Department of Environmental Health, Harvard School of Public Health, Boston, MA 02115, USA. cnr3@cdc.gov Y1 - 2000/01// PY - 2000 DA - January 2000 SP - 27 EP - 34 VL - 149 IS - 1 SN - 0301-486X, 0301-486X KW - Albumins KW - 0 KW - Hemoglobins KW - Mycotoxins KW - L-Lactate Dehydrogenase KW - EC 1.1.1.27 KW - Peroxidase KW - EC 1.11.1.7 KW - Index Medicus KW - Rats KW - Macrophages, Alveolar KW - Body Weight KW - Animals KW - Hemoglobins -- analysis KW - Albumins -- analysis KW - Peroxidase -- metabolism KW - Spores, Fungal KW - Trachea KW - Time Factors KW - Male KW - L-Lactate Dehydrogenase -- metabolism KW - Bronchoalveolar Lavage Fluid -- chemistry KW - Stachybotrys -- pathogenicity KW - Bronchoalveolar Lavage Fluid -- cytology KW - Mycotoxins -- toxicity KW - Leukocyte Count KW - Lung -- microbiology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/72566319?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Mycopathologia&rft.atitle=The+time+course+of+responses+to+intratracheally+instilled+toxic+Stachybotrys+chartarum+spores+in+rats.&rft.au=Rao%2C+C+Y%3BBurge%2C+H+A%3BBrain%2C+J+D&rft.aulast=Rao&rft.aufirst=C&rft.date=2000-01-01&rft.volume=149&rft.issue=1&rft.spage=27&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Mycopathologia&rft.issn=0301486X&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 2001-04-26 N1 - Date created - 2001-02-28 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Mammalian reservoirs and epidemiology of rabies diagnosed in human beings in the United States, 1981-1998. AN - 72522683; 11193644 AB - Between 1981 and 1998, 37 cases of rabies were diagnosed in human beings in the United States. Information directly linking the cause of infection to animal bite was available for only eight of these cases. Indirect incrimination of the vector by analysis of cDNA sequences obtained by reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction of samples indicated that for all cases (12/12) believed to have been acquired in foreign countries, variants of the rabies virus (VRVs) associated with dogs (7/12 involved known bite histories) were the cause of the rabies infections. In contrast, VRVs associated with bats (bat-associated VRVs or BAVs) were implicated as the cause of 88% (22/25) of infections believed to have been acquired within the United States (1/22 involved known bite histories). Sequence analyses revealed that a single BAV (Ln/Ps), associated with rabid silver-haired (Lasionycteris noctivagans) and Eastern pipistrelle (Pipistrellus subflavus) bats, was implicated in 73% (16/22) of bat-associated infections. Silver-haired bats are predominantly solitary and migratory. Eastern pipistrelle bats may occur individually or in small clusters. Both species are only infrequently submitted for rabies testing. Unrecognized bites and unique properties of the Ln/Ps BAV may explain its association with the majority of rabies infections in human beings in the United States. JF - Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences AU - Krebs, J W AU - Smith, J S AU - Rupprecht, C E AU - Childs, J E AD - Viral and Rickettsial Zoonoses Branch, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, 1600 Clifton Road NE MS/G13, Atlanta, GA 30333, USA. jok2@cdc.gov Y1 - 2000 PY - 2000 DA - 2000 SP - 345 EP - 353 VL - 916 SN - 0077-8923, 0077-8923 KW - Index Medicus KW - Rabies virus -- genetics KW - Animals KW - Chiroptera KW - Mammals KW - Humans KW - Dogs KW - Incidence KW - Bites and Stings KW - Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction KW - United States -- epidemiology KW - Rabies virus -- isolation & purification KW - Disease Reservoirs -- veterinary KW - Rabies -- transmission KW - Rabies -- epidemiology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/72522683?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Annals+of+the+New+York+Academy+of+Sciences&rft.atitle=Mammalian+reservoirs+and+epidemiology+of+rabies+diagnosed+in+human+beings+in+the+United+States%2C+1981-1998.&rft.au=Krebs%2C+J+W%3BSmith%2C+J+S%3BRupprecht%2C+C+E%3BChilds%2C+J+E&rft.aulast=Krebs&rft.aufirst=J&rft.date=2000-01-01&rft.volume=916&rft.issue=&rft.spage=345&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Annals+of+the+New+York+Academy+of+Sciences&rft.issn=00778923&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 2001-02-01 N1 - Date created - 2001-01-17 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - The role of tumor necrosis factor alpha in chemical-induced hepatotoxicity. AN - 72419733; 11083111 AB - Only recently have toxicologists come to understand the role of inflammation, and TNFalpha specifically, in classical toxicological processes. This relationship appears fairly complex, as inflammation and proliferation may well be only one facet of a time- and dose-dependent continuum of toxicological and repair processes. Not surprisingly, considerable efforts are being undertaken using our newly found understanding of molecular control to develop specific and safe chemical, biological, and molecular regulators of TNFalpha for potential therapeutic use. Their effectiveness in controlling environmental or occupational diseases has yet to be established. JF - Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences AU - Luster, M I AU - Simeonova, P P AU - Gallucci, R M AU - Bruccoleri, A AU - Blazka, M E AU - Yucesoy, B AU - Matheson, J M AD - Toxicology and Molecular Biology Branch, Health Effects Laboratory Division, National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, Morgantown, West Virginia 26505, USA. myl6@cdc.gov Y1 - 2000 PY - 2000 DA - 2000 SP - 214 EP - 220 VL - 919 SN - 0077-8923, 0077-8923 KW - Proliferating Cell Nuclear Antigen KW - 0 KW - RNA, Messenger KW - Receptors, Tumor Necrosis Factor KW - Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha KW - Carbon Tetrachloride KW - CL2T97X0V0 KW - Index Medicus KW - Animals KW - Mice KW - RNA, Messenger -- genetics KW - Carbon Tetrachloride -- toxicity KW - Mice, Knockout KW - Necrosis KW - RNA, Messenger -- metabolism KW - Cells, Cultured KW - Mice, Inbred C57BL KW - Gene Expression Regulation -- drug effects KW - Receptors, Tumor Necrosis Factor -- genetics KW - Proliferating Cell Nuclear Antigen -- metabolism KW - Cell Division KW - Liver -- pathology KW - Chemical and Drug Induced Liver Injury -- pathology KW - Liver -- drug effects KW - Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha -- immunology KW - Inflammation -- chemically induced KW - Liver -- metabolism KW - Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha -- metabolism KW - Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha -- genetics KW - Chemical and Drug Induced Liver Injury -- metabolism UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/72419733?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Annals+of+the+New+York+Academy+of+Sciences&rft.atitle=The+role+of+tumor+necrosis+factor+alpha+in+chemical-induced+hepatotoxicity.&rft.au=Luster%2C+M+I%3BSimeonova%2C+P+P%3BGallucci%2C+R+M%3BBruccoleri%2C+A%3BBlazka%2C+M+E%3BYucesoy%2C+B%3BMatheson%2C+J+M&rft.aulast=Luster&rft.aufirst=M&rft.date=2000-01-01&rft.volume=919&rft.issue=&rft.spage=214&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Annals+of+the+New+York+Academy+of+Sciences&rft.issn=00778923&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 2000-12-06 N1 - Date created - 2000-12-06 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Suicide planning among high school students who report attempting suicide. AN - 72410304; 11079635 AB - Using a nationally representative sample of 16,296 high school students, we examined those who reported attempting suicide but did not report a suicide plan in the past 12 months. Results from logistic regression analyses showed that the 15% of attempters who did not report planning were as likely to receive medical treatment after their attempt as the attempters who did report planning. They also were more likely than nonideators and less likely than attempters who reported planning to report substance use and weapon carrying. All attempters, regardless of planning, were at high risk for fighting. Additional effort is needed to understand and prevent unplanned suicide attempts. JF - Suicide & life-threatening behavior AU - Simon, T R AU - Crosby, A E AD - Division of Violence Prevention, National Center for Injury Prevention and Control, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia 30341-3724, USA. Y1 - 2000 PY - 2000 DA - 2000 SP - 213 EP - 221 VL - 30 IS - 3 SN - 0363-0234, 0363-0234 KW - Index Medicus KW - Odds Ratio KW - Motivation KW - Logistic Models KW - Risk Factors KW - Humans KW - Aggression KW - Adolescent KW - United States -- epidemiology KW - Substance-Related Disorders -- epidemiology KW - Thinking KW - Suicide, Attempted -- statistics & numerical data KW - Suicide, Attempted -- psychology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/72410304?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Suicide+%26+life-threatening+behavior&rft.atitle=Suicide+planning+among+high+school+students+who+report+attempting+suicide.&rft.au=Simon%2C+T+R%3BCrosby%2C+A+E&rft.aulast=Simon&rft.aufirst=T&rft.date=2000-01-01&rft.volume=30&rft.issue=3&rft.spage=213&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Suicide+%26+life-threatening+behavior&rft.issn=03630234&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 2001-09-20 N1 - Date created - 2001-05-24 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Tobacco use by youth: a surveillance report from the Global Youth Tobacco Survey project. AN - 72269745; 10994259 AB - The Global Youth Tobacco Survey (GYTS) project was developed by the World Health Organization and the US Centers for Disease Control and Prevention to track tobacco use among youth in countries across the world, using a common methodology and core questionnaire. The GYTS is school based and employs a two-stage sample design to produce representative data on smoking among students aged 13-15 years. The first stage consists of a probabilistic selection of schools, and the second consists of a random selection of classes from the participating schools. All students in the selected classes are eligible for the survey. In 1999, the GYTS was conducted in 13 countries and is currently in progress in over 30 countries. This report describes data from 12 countries: Barbados, China, Costa Rica, Fiji, Jordan, Poland, the Russian Federation (Moscow), South Africa, Sri Lanka, Ukraine (Kiev), Venezuela, and Zimbabwe. The findings show that tobacco use in the surveyed age group ranged from a high of 33% to a low of 10%. While the majority of current smokers wanted to stop smoking, very few were able to attend a cessation programme. In most countries the majority of young people reported seeing advertisements for cigarettes in media outlets, but anti-tobacco advertising was rare. The majority of young people reported being taught in school about the dangers of smoking. Environmental tobacco smoke exposure was very high in all countries. These results show that the GYTS surveillance system is enhancing the capacity of countries to design, implement, and evaluate tobacco prevention and control programmes. JF - Bulletin of the World Health Organization AU - Warren, C W AU - Riley, L AU - Asma, S AU - Eriksen, M P AU - Green, L AU - Blanton, C AU - Loo, C AU - Batchelor, S AU - Yach, D AD - Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), Atlanta, GA 30333, USA. wcw1@cdc.gov Y1 - 2000 PY - 2000 DA - 2000 SP - 868 EP - 876 VL - 78 IS - 7 SN - 0042-9686, 0042-9686 KW - Tobacco Smoke Pollution KW - 0 KW - Index Medicus KW - World Health Organization KW - Risk Factors KW - Humans KW - Incidence KW - Adolescent KW - Sex Distribution KW - Female KW - Advertising as Topic KW - Prevalence KW - Population Surveillance KW - Age Distribution KW - Tobacco Use Disorder -- epidemiology KW - Tobacco Smoke Pollution -- statistics & numerical data KW - Smoking Cessation -- methods KW - Smoking -- prevention & control KW - Smoking -- epidemiology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/72269745?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Bulletin+of+the+World+Health+Organization&rft.atitle=Tobacco+use+by+youth%3A+a+surveillance+report+from+the+Global+Youth+Tobacco+Survey+project.&rft.au=Warren%2C+C+W%3BRiley%2C+L%3BAsma%2C+S%3BEriksen%2C+M+P%3BGreen%2C+L%3BBlanton%2C+C%3BLoo%2C+C%3BBatchelor%2C+S%3BYach%2C+D&rft.aulast=Warren&rft.aufirst=C&rft.date=2000-01-01&rft.volume=78&rft.issue=7&rft.spage=868&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Bulletin+of+the+World+Health+Organization&rft.issn=00429686&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 2000-10-16 N1 - Date created - 2000-10-16 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Use of hair dyes, hematopoietic neoplasms, and lymphomas: a literature review. II. Lymphomas and multiple myeloma. AN - 71150805; 10834031 AB - We review studies on hair dyes and lymphomas and multiple myeloma (MM). A computerized literature search for the years 1966 through 1996 was conducted. Data were extracted using a standardized form that recorded study design, study population, type of cases, comparison group, sources of data on personal exposure to hair dyes, method of data collection, type of exposure data collected, covariates, and results. This review identified 10 epidemiologic studies published in the English literature that examined personal use of hair dyes and lymphomas or MM. These studies include three evaluations of Hodgkin's disease, five of non-Hodgkin's lymphoma (NHL), two of lymphomas with type not specified, and six of MM. For Hodgkin's disease, one case-control study reported some positive associations with use of permanent hair dyes, whereas two cohort studies found no associations with ever use of hair dyes. For NHL and MM, several evaluations suggest associations with use of permanent dyes, particularly with duration, frequency, age at first use, and dark colors. However, these associations are not consistent within and between studies. For lymphomas with type not specified, one study was superseded by a more recent report with NHL specific data and a second study was limited by small numbers of exposed subjects. At this time, it is not possible to determine if the inconsistent associations between permanent hair dyes and NHL and MM reflect sampling variability or differences in methods between studies. Because an appreciable fraction of the population has potential exposure to permanent hair dyes, elucidation of such issues may be warranted with studies that include adequate numbers of exposed subjects and that elicit information on personal use of hair dyes over time. JF - Cancer investigation AU - Correa, A AU - Jackson, L AU - Mohan, A AU - Perry, H AU - Helzlsouer, K AD - Johns Hopkins University School of Hygiene and Public Health, Baltimore, Maryland, USA. aic8@cdc.gov Y1 - 2000 PY - 2000 DA - 2000 SP - 467 EP - 479 VL - 18 IS - 5 SN - 0735-7907, 0735-7907 KW - Hair Dyes KW - 0 KW - Index Medicus KW - Epidemiologic Studies KW - Humans KW - Cohort Studies KW - Environmental Exposure KW - Case-Control Studies KW - Incidence KW - Multiple Myeloma -- chemically induced KW - Lymphoma, Non-Hodgkin -- epidemiology KW - Hodgkin Disease -- chemically induced KW - Multiple Myeloma -- epidemiology KW - Lymphoma, Non-Hodgkin -- chemically induced KW - Hair Dyes -- adverse effects KW - Hodgkin Disease -- epidemiology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/71150805?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Cancer+investigation&rft.atitle=Use+of+hair+dyes%2C+hematopoietic+neoplasms%2C+and+lymphomas%3A+a+literature+review.+II.+Lymphomas+and+multiple+myeloma.&rft.au=Correa%2C+A%3BJackson%2C+L%3BMohan%2C+A%3BPerry%2C+H%3BHelzlsouer%2C+K&rft.aulast=Correa&rft.aufirst=A&rft.date=2000-01-01&rft.volume=18&rft.issue=5&rft.spage=467&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Cancer+investigation&rft.issn=07357907&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 2000-06-13 N1 - Date created - 2000-06-13 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Cultural, social, and intrapersonal factors associated with substance use among alternative high school students. AN - 70949199; 10708330 AB - The purpose of this study was to identify cultural, social, and intrapersonal factors associated with tobacco, alcohol, and illicit drug use among students attending dropout prevention/recovery high schools. Four mutually exclusive categories of substance use were used as outcome measures, and religiosity, educational achievement, educational aspiration, family caring, others caring, self-esteem, optimism, coping, depression, loneliness, and self-efficacy were used as predictor variables. In the final multivariate model more family caring and loneliness were inversely associated with marijuana use; young age, more family caring, less coping ability, church attendance, and low educational aspirations were significantly associated with cocaine use. This study demonstrates the importance of health education and health promotion programs for students attending alternative high schools which include prevention of initiation, as well as treatment. JF - Addictive behaviors AU - Grunbaum, J A AU - Tortolero, S AU - Weller, N AU - Gingiss, P AD - University of Texas-Houston, USA. jpg9@cdc.gov PY - 2000 SP - 145 EP - 151 VL - 25 IS - 1 SN - 0306-4603, 0306-4603 KW - Street Drugs KW - 0 KW - Index Medicus KW - Adaptation, Psychological KW - Humans KW - Texas KW - Education, Special KW - Personality Assessment KW - Adolescent KW - Aspirations (Psychology) KW - Male KW - Female KW - Family Relations KW - Alcohol Drinking -- psychology KW - Student Dropouts -- psychology KW - Social Support KW - Smoking -- psychology KW - Substance-Related Disorders -- psychology KW - Ethnic Groups -- psychology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/70949199?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Addictive+behaviors&rft.atitle=Cultural%2C+social%2C+and+intrapersonal+factors+associated+with+substance+use+among+alternative+high+school+students.&rft.au=Grunbaum%2C+J+A%3BTortolero%2C+S%3BWeller%2C+N%3BGingiss%2C+P&rft.aulast=Grunbaum&rft.aufirst=J&rft.date=2000-01-01&rft.volume=25&rft.issue=1&rft.spage=145&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Addictive+behaviors&rft.issn=03064603&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 2000-03-31 N1 - Date created - 2000-03-31 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Resources on tobacco prevention and control available to managed care organisations from the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. AN - 70929676; 10688951 JF - Tobacco control AU - Husten, C G AD - Centers for Disease Control, Office on Smoking and Health, MS K-50 4770 Buford Highway, NE, Atlanta, GA 30341-3724, USA. cch5@cdc.gov Y1 - 2000 PY - 2000 DA - 2000 SP - 1 VL - 9 Suppl 1 SN - 0964-4563, 0964-4563 KW - Index Medicus KW - United States KW - Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (U.S.) KW - Humans KW - Internet KW - Managed Care Programs KW - Smoking Cessation -- economics KW - Tobacco Use Disorder -- economics KW - Tobacco Use Disorder -- prevention & control KW - Preventive Health Services -- economics UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/70929676?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Tobacco+control&rft.atitle=Resources+on+tobacco+prevention+and+control+available+to+managed+care+organisations+from+the+Centers+for+Disease+Control+and+Prevention.&rft.au=Husten%2C+C+G&rft.aulast=Husten&rft.aufirst=C&rft.date=2000-01-01&rft.volume=9+Suppl+1&rft.issue=&rft.spage=I74&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Tobacco+control&rft.issn=09644563&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 2000-10-19 N1 - Date created - 2000-10-19 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Best practices for comprehensive tobacco control programs: opportunities for managed care organisations. AN - 70929355; 10688923 JF - Tobacco control AU - Eriksen, M P AD - Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, 4770 Buford Highway NE, Chamblee GA 30341, USA. mpe0@cdc.gov Y1 - 2000 PY - 2000 DA - 2000 SP - I11 EP - I14 VL - 9 Suppl 1 SN - 0964-4563, 0964-4563 KW - Index Medicus KW - Public Health KW - Humans KW - Program Evaluation KW - Managed Care Programs KW - Tobacco Use Disorder -- prevention & control KW - Guidelines as Topic KW - Health Promotion UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/70929355?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Tobacco+control&rft.atitle=Best+practices+for+comprehensive+tobacco+control+programs%3A+opportunities+for+managed+care+organisations.&rft.au=Eriksen%2C+M+P&rft.aulast=Eriksen&rft.aufirst=M&rft.date=2000-01-01&rft.volume=9+Suppl+1&rft.issue=&rft.spage=I11&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Tobacco+control&rft.issn=09644563&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 2000-10-19 N1 - Date created - 2000-10-19 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Modifiable risk factors associated with deep sternal site infection after coronary artery bypass grafting. AN - 70818849; 10612768 AB - Our objective was to identify risk factors for deep sternal site infection after coronary artery bypass grafting at a community hospital. We compared the prevalence of deep sternal site infection among patients having coronary artery bypass grafting during the study (January 1995-March 1998) and pre-study (January 1992-December 1994) periods. We compared any patient having a deep sternal site infection after coronary artery bypass graft surgery during the study period (case-patients) with randomly selected patients who had coronary artery bypass graft surgery but no deep sternal site infection during the same period (control-patients). Deep sternal site infections were significantly more common during the study than during the pre-study period (30/1796 [1.7%] vs 9/1232 [0.7%]; P =.04). Among 30 case-patients, 29 (97%) returned to the operating room for sternal debridement or rewiring, and 2 (7%) died. In multivariable analyses, cefuroxime receipt 2 hours or more before incision (odds ratio = 5.0), diabetes mellitus with a preoperative blood glucose level of 200 mg/dL or more (odds ratio = 10.2), and staple use for skin closure (odds ratio = 4.0) were independent risk factors for deep sternal site infection. Staple use was a risk factor only for patients with a normal body mass index. Appropriate timing of antimicrobial prophylaxis, control of preoperative blood glucose levels, and avoidance of staple use in patients with a normal body mass index should prevent deep sternal site infection after coronary artery bypass graft operations. JF - The Journal of thoracic and cardiovascular surgery AU - Trick, W E AU - Scheckler, W E AU - Tokars, J I AU - Jones, K C AU - Reppen, M L AU - Smith, E M AU - Jarvis, W R AD - Hospital Infections Program, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA, USA. wbt9@cdc.gov Y1 - 2000/01// PY - 2000 DA - January 2000 SP - 108 EP - 114 VL - 119 IS - 1 SN - 0022-5223, 0022-5223 KW - Cephalosporins KW - 0 KW - Cefuroxime KW - O1R9FJ93ED KW - Abridged Index Medicus KW - Index Medicus KW - Cephalosporins -- adverse effects KW - Chi-Square Distribution KW - Humans KW - Sutures -- adverse effects KW - Reoperation KW - Aged KW - Obesity -- complications KW - Cefuroxime -- administration & dosage KW - Cefuroxime -- adverse effects KW - Hyperglycemia -- complications KW - Logistic Models KW - Risk Factors KW - Case-Control Studies KW - Cephalosporins -- administration & dosage KW - Middle Aged KW - Statistics, Nonparametric KW - Male KW - Diabetes Complications KW - Female KW - Prevalence KW - Surgical Wound Infection -- etiology KW - Coronary Artery Bypass KW - Surgical Wound Infection -- epidemiology KW - Sternum -- surgery UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/70818849?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Journal+of+thoracic+and+cardiovascular+surgery&rft.atitle=Modifiable+risk+factors+associated+with+deep+sternal+site+infection+after+coronary+artery+bypass+grafting.&rft.au=Trick%2C+W+E%3BScheckler%2C+W+E%3BTokars%2C+J+I%3BJones%2C+K+C%3BReppen%2C+M+L%3BSmith%2C+E+M%3BJarvis%2C+W+R&rft.aulast=Trick&rft.aufirst=W&rft.date=2000-01-01&rft.volume=119&rft.issue=1&rft.spage=108&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=The+Journal+of+thoracic+and+cardiovascular+surgery&rft.issn=00225223&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 2000-02-17 N1 - Date created - 2000-02-17 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - O(6)-methylguanine DNA adducts associated with occupational nitrosamine exposure. AN - 70769367; 10607730 AB - Occupational nitrosamine exposures from a rubber vehicle seal (VS) curing operation were compared with the peripheral blood lymphocyte concentrations of two nitrosamine-related DNA adducts, N(7)-methylguanine (N(7)mdG) and O(6)-methylguanine (O(6)mdG), and with the activity of the enzyme that repairs O(6)mdG adducts, O(6)-alkylguanine-DNA alkyltransferase (AGT). The occupational personal breathing zone (PBZ) nitrosamine exposures ranged from 0.4 to 9.3 microg/m(3) in the VS area, from 0.1-2 microg/m(3) in an area remote from the VS and were not detected at a nearby rubber plant. Workers from all three of these locations had detectable concentrations of N(7)mdG adducts, ranging from 0.1 to 133.2 adducts/10(7) deoxyguanosine nucleosides. Although N(7)mdG concentrations were elevated for those who worked in the VS area (median 3.60 compared with 1.44), the difference was not statistically significant after controlling for confounding factors. The O(6)mdG adduct concentrations were much lower than those of N(7)mdG, ranging from non-detectable to 12.7 O(6)mdG adducts/10(7) deoxyguanosine nucleosides and many of the participants (40/78 successfully analyzed) did not have detectable amounts of these adducts (limit of detection 0.03 O(6)mdG adducts/10(7) deoxyguanosine nucleosides). Analysis of the ordinal exposure categories (high, medium/high, medium/low, low and no exposure) yielded a statistically significant association with having detectable O(6)mdG adducts (Kendall's taub = -0.253, asymptotic SE = 0.096). There was no significant association between AGT activity and nitrosamine exposure or exposure category (P > 0.30). Although no association was found between PBZ exposure and either the N(7)mdG adduct concentrations or AGT activity, the significant positive association between working in and near the VS department and the presence of O(6)mdG adducts, which have mutagenic potential, provides evidence to link nitrosamine exposure one step closer to human cancer by demonstrating an association between external nitrosamine exposures and cancer-related biological effects. JF - Carcinogenesis AU - Reh, B D AU - DeBord, D G AU - Butler, M A AU - Reid, T M AU - Mueller, C AU - Fajen, J M AD - NIOSH/DSHEFS/HETAB, 4676 Columbia Parkway, Mailstop R-11, Cincinnati, OH 45226, USA. byd3@cdc.gov Y1 - 2000/01// PY - 2000 DA - January 2000 SP - 29 EP - 33 VL - 21 IS - 1 SN - 0143-3334, 0143-3334 KW - DNA Adducts KW - 0 KW - Nitrosamines KW - Guanine KW - 5Z93L87A1R KW - 7-methylguanine KW - 661J4K04NB KW - Rubber KW - 9006-04-6 KW - O-(6)-methylguanine KW - 9B710FV2AE KW - O(6)-Methylguanine-DNA Methyltransferase KW - EC 2.1.1.63 KW - Index Medicus KW - Genotype KW - O(6)-Methylguanine-DNA Methyltransferase -- metabolism KW - Humans KW - Guanine -- analysis KW - Guanine -- analogs & derivatives KW - Occupational Exposure KW - DNA Adducts -- analysis KW - Nitrosamines -- metabolism UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/70769367?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Carcinogenesis&rft.atitle=O%286%29-methylguanine+DNA+adducts+associated+with+occupational+nitrosamine+exposure.&rft.au=Troutner%2C+Joanne&rft.aulast=Troutner&rft.aufirst=Joanne&rft.date=2002-10-01&rft.volume=30&rft.issue=1&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Teacher+Librarian&rft.issn=14811782&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 2000-02-18 N1 - Date created - 2000-02-18 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - CPAPER T1 - The Efficacy of Pre-Screening Telephone Sample Records T2 - Southern Sociological Society AN - 61785624; 2000S38940 AB - Commercial telephone sample providers offer services that allow the identification of some nonworking & business numbers before data collection begins, thus increasing sample calling efficiency. Here, the efficacy of such pre-screening is evaluated using data from the 1999 Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System survey, a nationwide, state-based, monthly telephone survey that generates sample records quarterly from a sampling frame that includes zero-block telephone numbers. In 1999, DE called all of its prescreened numbers every month & several other states called their prescreened numbers for 1+ months. Evaluated here is the extent to which prescreening correctly identifies nonworking & business numbers, the benefits -- measured in number of call attempts -- from not calling prescreened numbers, the noncoverage attributable to prescreening, &, in DE, seasonal differences in, & the effects of sample aging on, the efficacy of prescreening. It is concluded that, in deciding whether to prescreen a sample, survey sponsors must weigh increased calling efficiency against increased noncoverage. The geographic domain of the survey, the comprehensiveness of the sampling frame, the time of year, & the amount of time between prescreening & release of the sample affect both. JF - Southern Sociological Society AU - Mariolis, Peter Y1 - 2000///0, PY - 2000 DA - 0, 2000 KW - Telephone Surveys KW - Methodology (Data Collection) KW - Delaware KW - Respondents KW - Research Subjects KW - Sampling KW - Methodological Problems KW - proceeding KW - 0104: methodology and research technology; research methods/tools UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/61785624?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Asocabs&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=conference&rft.jtitle=Southern+Sociological+Society&rft.atitle=The+Efficacy+of+Pre-Screening+Telephone+Sample+Records&rft.au=Mariolis%2C+Peter&rft.aulast=Mariolis&rft.aufirst=Peter&rft.date=2000-01-01&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Southern+Sociological+Society&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - Sociological Abstracts N1 - Date revised - 2009-03-10 N1 - Publication note - 2000 N1 - Last updated - 2016-09-28 ER - TY - CPAPER T1 - A State by State Look at the Gender of Physical Activity T2 - Southern Sociological Society AN - 61756963; 2000S38937 AB - Physical activity is examined by gender, particularly at the state level, using data from the 1998 Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System (N = 149,806), a state-based health behavior surveillance system that includes Washington, DC. Data are collected monthly through telephone interviews with a random sample of the adult population. Findings detail variation in physical activity by gender & state. Although walking was the physical activity reported most often by women & men in every state, there was substantial variation by state & prevalence levels. In WI, of those adults who reported some leisure time physical activity, 73.8% of women & 51.5% of men reported walking as that activity, compared to HI, where 67.4% of women & 30% of men made a similar report. Gardening was the second most frequently reported type of physical activity for women in most states; for men, it was running. The findings reveal a complex picture of the interaction between type of physical activity, location, & gender. JF - Southern Sociological Society AU - Mack, Karin A Y1 - 2000///0, PY - 2000 DA - 0, 2000 KW - Physical Fitness KW - Sex Differences KW - United States of America KW - Regional Differences KW - States (Political Subdivisions) KW - Activities KW - proceeding KW - 0869: mass phenomena; sociology of sports KW - 2983: feminist/gender studies; sociology of gender & gender relations UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/61756963?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Asocabs&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=conference&rft.jtitle=Southern+Sociological+Society&rft.atitle=A+State+by+State+Look+at+the+Gender+of+Physical+Activity&rft.au=Mack%2C+Karin+A&rft.aulast=Mack&rft.aufirst=Karin&rft.date=2000-01-01&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Southern+Sociological+Society&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - Sociological Abstracts N1 - Date revised - 2009-03-10 N1 - Publication note - 2000 N1 - Last updated - 2016-09-28 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Physical activity, food choice, and weight management goals and practices among U.S. college students AN - 18455082; 5432188 AB - Physical activity and a healthy diet have been recommended to help reverse the increasing prevalence of overweight among adolescents and adults in the United States. Data is from the 1995 National College Health Risk Behavior Survey. A representative sample of US undergraduate college students (n = 4609) were analyzed to examine associations of physical activity and food choice with weight management goals and practices. Based on self-reported height and weight, 35% of students were overweight or obese (body mass index greater than or equal to 25.0). Nearly half (46%) of all students reported they were trying to lose weight. Female students were less likely than male students to be overweight, but more likely to be trying to lose weight. Among female and male students, using logistic regression to control for demographics, trying to lose weight was associated with participation in vigorous physical activity and strengthening exercises, and consumption of less than or equal to 2 servings/day of high-fat foods. Female and male students who reported using exercise to lose weight or to keep from gaining weight were more likely than those who did not to participate in vigorous, strengthening, and moderate physical activity, and were more likely to eat greater than or equal to 5 servings/day of fruits and vegetables and less than or equal to 2 servings/day of high-fat foods. Among students who were trying to lose weight, only 54% of females and 41% of males used both exercise and diet for weight control. Colleges should implement programs to increase student awareness of healthy weight management methods and the importance of physical activity combined with a healthy diet. JF - American Journal of Preventive Medicine AU - Lowry, R AU - Galuska, DA AU - Fulton, JE AU - Wechsler, H AU - Kann, L AU - Collins, J L AD - Division of Adolescent and School Health, National Center for Chronic Disease Prevention and Health Promotion, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA, USA Y1 - 2000/01// PY - 2000 DA - Jan 2000 SP - 18 EP - 27 VL - 18 IS - 1 SN - 0749-3797, 0749-3797 KW - Physical Education Index KW - PE 030:Exercise, Health & Physical Fitness UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/18455082?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aphysicaleducation&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=American+Journal+of+Preventive+Medicine&rft.atitle=Physical+activity%2C+food+choice%2C+and+weight+management+goals+and+practices+among+U.S.+college+students&rft.au=Lowry%2C+R%3BGaluska%2C+DA%3BFulton%2C+JE%3BWechsler%2C+H%3BKann%2C+L%3BCollins%2C+J+L&rft.aulast=Lowry&rft.aufirst=R&rft.date=2000-01-01&rft.volume=18&rft.issue=1&rft.spage=18&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=American+Journal+of+Preventive+Medicine&rft.issn=07493797&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - Physical Education Index N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Legislative and regulatory strategies to reduce childhood unintentional injuries. AN - 18147307; 4866919 AB - Laws and regulations are among the most effective mechanisms for getting large segments of the population to adopt safety behaviors. These have been applied at both the state and federal levels for diverse injury issues. Certain legal actions are taken to prevent the occurrence of an otherwise injury- producing event, while other legal actions are designed to prevent injury once an event has occurred. At the federal level, effective laws and regulations have been directed at dangers posed by unsafe manufactured products or motor vehicle design. At the state level, effective safety laws and regulations have been directed at encouraging safety behaviors and regulating the use of motor vehicles or other forms of transportation. In this article, six legislative efforts are described to point out pros and cons of the legislative approach to promoting safety. Three such efforts are aimed at preventing injury-producing events from occurring: mandating child-resistant packaging for prescription drugs and other hazardous substances, regulating tap water temperature by presetting a safe hot-water heater temperature at the factory, and graduated licensing. Three other examples illustrate the value and complexities of laws designed to prevent injuries once an injury-producing event does occur: mandatory bicycle helmet use, sleep-wear standards, and child safety seat use. This article concludes with specific recommendations, which include assessing the value of laws and regulations, preventing the rescission of laws and regulations known to work, refining existing laws to eliminate gaps in coverage, developing regulations to adapt to changing technology, exploring new legal means to encourage safe behavior, and increasing funding for basic and applied research and community programs. Further reductions in childhood injury rates will require that leaders working in the field of injury prevention together provide the creativity to devise new safety devices and programs, incentives to persuade the public to adopt a "culture of safety" as a social norm, training and education to develop new leaders and workers, and the political will to challenge the status quo and engage the public interest. JF - Future Child AU - Schieber, R A AU - Gilchrist, J AU - Sleet, DA AD - National Center for Injury Prevention and Control, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA, USA. Y1 - 2000 PY - 2000 DA - 2000 SP - 111 EP - 136 VL - 10 KW - Physical Education Index KW - Accidents KW - Injuries KW - Pediatrics KW - Safety KW - Children KW - Legislation KW - PE 090:Sports Medicine & Exercise Sport Science UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/18147307?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aphysicaleducation&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Future+Child&rft.atitle=Legislative+and+regulatory+strategies+to+reduce+childhood+unintentional+injuries.&rft.au=Schieber%2C+R+A%3BGilchrist%2C+J%3BSleet%2C+DA&rft.aulast=Schieber&rft.aufirst=R&rft.date=2000-01-01&rft.volume=10&rft.issue=&rft.spage=111&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Future+Child&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - Physical Education Index N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Injuries; Children; Pediatrics; Legislation; Safety; Accidents ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Youth Risk Behavior Surveillance - National Alternative High School Youth Risk Behavior Survey, United States, 1998 AN - 17849438; 4876849 AB - Alternative high schools serve approximately 280,000 students nationwide who are at high risk for failing or dropping out of regular high school or who have been expelled from regular high school because of illegal activity or behavioral problems. Such settings provide important opportunities for delivering health promotion education and services to these youth and young adults. However, before this survey, the prevalence of health-risk behaviors among students attending alternative high schools nationwide was unknown. The Youth Risk Behavior Surveillance System (YRBSS) monitors the following six categories of priority health-risk behaviors among youth and young adults: behaviors that contribute to unintentional and intentional injuries; tobacco use; alcohol and other drug use; sexual behaviors that contribute to unintended pregnancy and sexually transmitted diseases (STDs) (including human immunodeficiency virus [HIV] infection); unhealthy dietary behaviors; and physical inactivity. The national Alternative High School Youth Risk Behavior Survey (ALT-YRBS) is one component of the YRBSS; it was conducted in 1998 to measure priority health-risk behaviors among students at alternative high schools. The 1998 ALT-YRBS used a three-stage cluster sample design to produce a nationally representative sample of students in grades 9-12 in the United States who attend alternative high schools. The school response rate was 81.0%, and the student response rate was 81.9%, resulting in an overall response rate of 66.3%. This report summarizes results from the 1998 ALT-YRBS. The reporting period is February - May 1998. JF - Journal of School Health AU - Grunbaum, JA AU - Kann, L AU - Kinchen, SA AU - Ross, J G AU - Gowda, V R AU - Collins, J L AU - Kolbe, L J AD - National Center for Chronic Disease Prevention and Health Promotion, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention Atlanta, GA, USA Y1 - 2000/01// PY - 2000 DA - Jan 2000 SP - 5 EP - 17 VL - 70 IS - 1 SN - 0022-4391, 0022-4391 KW - USA KW - drug abuse KW - sexual behavior KW - sexually transmitted diseases KW - Risk Abstracts KW - Alcohol KW - Injuries KW - Pregnancy KW - Behavior KW - Tobacco KW - Adolescents KW - R2 23060:Medical and environmental health UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/17849438?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Ariskabstracts&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+School+Health&rft.atitle=Youth+Risk+Behavior+Surveillance+-+National+Alternative+High+School+Youth+Risk+Behavior+Survey%2C+United+States%2C+1998&rft.au=Grunbaum%2C+JA%3BKann%2C+L%3BKinchen%2C+SA%3BRoss%2C+J+G%3BGowda%2C+V+R%3BCollins%2C+J+L%3BKolbe%2C+L+J&rft.aulast=Grunbaum&rft.aufirst=JA&rft.date=2000-01-01&rft.volume=70&rft.issue=1&rft.spage=5&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+School+Health&rft.issn=00224391&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Adolescents; Behavior; Alcohol; Tobacco; Injuries; Pregnancy ER - TY - JOUR T1 - The Gay '90s: A review of research in the 1990s on sexual behavior and HIV risk among men who have sex with men AN - 17756697; 4822374 AB - This paper will review recent evidence (emphasizing published data from the 1990s) concerning the ongoing behavioral responses of MSM populations to the AIDS epidemic. We view the term 'MSM' as a descriptive umbrella that includes all men of various identities and social contexts who engage in sexual behavior with other men. For good reasons, this semantic issue has itself been the subject of great debate, but because the focus of this review is on available behavioral and biological data, we concern ourselves here with the literal meaning of 'men who have sex with men' and therefore use this term most often. Although we will attempt to highlight behavioral data from the developing world, the bulk of the literature, for a variety of reasons, concerns populations of MSM from industrialized countries as well as men who self-identify as 'gay', and this review will reflect these facts. JF - AIDS AU - Stall, R D AU - Hays, R B AU - Waldo, C R AU - Ekstrand, M AU - McFarland, W AD - Behavioral Interventions Research Branch, DHAP, CDC, 1600 Clifton Road, N.E. (M/S E-37), Atlanta, GA 30333, USA Y1 - 2000 PY - 2000 DA - 2000 SP - S101 EP - S114 VL - 14 SN - 0269-9370, 0269-9370 KW - Gay men KW - homosexuality KW - sexual behavior KW - sexually transmitted diseases KW - Risk Abstracts; Health & Safety Science Abstracts; Virology & AIDS Abstracts KW - Risk assessment KW - Acquired immune deficiency syndrome KW - Sexually-transmitted diseases KW - Males KW - Public health KW - Human immunodeficiency virus 1 KW - Risk groups KW - Homosexual behavior KW - Epidemiology KW - Human immunodeficiency virus KW - Reviews KW - H 11000:Diseases/Injuries/Trauma KW - V 22006:AIDS: Other aspects KW - R2 23060:Medical and environmental health UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/17756697?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Ariskabstracts&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=AIDS&rft.atitle=The+Gay+%2790s%3A+A+review+of+research+in+the+1990s+on+sexual+behavior+and+HIV+risk+among+men+who+have+sex+with+men&rft.au=Stall%2C+R+D%3BHays%2C+R+B%3BWaldo%2C+C+R%3BEkstrand%2C+M%3BMcFarland%2C+W&rft.aulast=Stall&rft.aufirst=R&rft.date=2000-01-01&rft.volume=14&rft.issue=&rft.spage=S101&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=AIDS&rft.issn=02699370&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Human immunodeficiency virus 1; Epidemiology; Acquired immune deficiency syndrome; Human immunodeficiency virus; Public health; Risk assessment; Homosexual behavior; Males; Sexually-transmitted diseases; Risk groups; Reviews ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Immune Aspects of Bartonella AN - 17698362; 4782781 AB - Bartonella species have been recognized as important human pathogens only recently. Until the early 1990s, this genus was represented by one species, Bartonella bacilliformis. The recent identification of other Bartonella species as the agents of cat-scratch disease and bacillary angiomatosis has left little doubt of their emerging importance as opportunistic human pathogens. Over the last decade, extensive research has been performed on Bartonella species, resulting in an explosion in our knowledge of the genetic diversity of this genus. Unusual aspects of disease sequelae have fueled worldwide interest in defining the natural history, pathology, and molecular biology of Bartonella species. While much information about these interests has been presented, the advancement of immunological knowledge regarding Bartonella species has been slow. This review discusses immunological data on Bartonella species, focusing on the three primary human pathogens of this genus: B. bacilliformis, B. quintana, and B. henselae. JF - Critical Reviews in Microbiology AU - Karem, K L AD - Viral and Rickettsial Zoonoses Branch, Division of Viral and Rickettsial Diseases, National Center for Infectious Diseases, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Public Health Service, U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, 1600 Clifton Road, Mail Stop G-18, Atlanta, GA 30333, USA, kdk6@cdc.gov Y1 - 2000 PY - 2000 DA - 2000 SP - 133 EP - 145 VL - 26 IS - 3 SN - 1040-841X, 1040-841X KW - Microbiology Abstracts B: Bacteriology KW - Reviews KW - Bartonella KW - Bartonella henselae KW - Immune response KW - Bartonella bacilliformis KW - Bartonella quintana KW - J 02833:Immune response and immune mechanisms UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/17698362?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologyb&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Critical+Reviews+in+Microbiology&rft.atitle=Immune+Aspects+of+Bartonella&rft.au=Karem%2C+K+L&rft.aulast=Karem&rft.aufirst=K&rft.date=2000-01-01&rft.volume=26&rft.issue=3&rft.spage=133&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Critical+Reviews+in+Microbiology&rft.issn=1040841X&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Bartonella bacilliformis; Bartonella henselae; Bartonella quintana; Bartonella; Immune response; Reviews ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Unsafe injections and the transmission of hepatitis B and C in a periurban community in Pakistan AN - 17632634; 4767560 AB - Following reports of frequent deaths associated with jaundice and chronic liver disease among adults in a periurban community of Karachi, Pakistan, an investigation was conducted to evaluate the relationship between injections and viral hepatitis infections, to identify the reasons why patients received frequent injections, and to observe the injection practices employed in clinics. Two hundred and three adult patients were interviewed as they left each of the 18 area clinics. Practitioners were interviewed and three consecutive injections were observed at each clinic. Eighty-one per cent of patients received an injection on the day of the interview. Of the 135 patients who provided a serum sample, 59 (44%) had antibodies against hepatitis C virus and 26 (19%) had antibodies against hepatitis B virus. Patients who received more injections were more likely to be infected with hepatitis C. If oral and injected medications were equally effective, 44% of patients preferred injected medication. None of the practitioners knew that hepatitis C could be transmitted by injections. Non-sterile syringes and needles that had been used earlier in the day on other patients were used for 94% of the observed injections. Interventions to limit injections to those which are safe and clinically indicated are needed to prevent injection-associated infections in Pakistan and other low-income countries. JF - Bulletin of The World Health Organization AU - Khan, A J AU - Luby, S P AU - Fikree, F AU - Karim, A AU - Obaid, S AU - Dellawala, S AU - Mirza, S AU - Malik, T AU - Fisher-Hoch, S AU - McCormick, J B AD - Mailstop A-38, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA 30333, USA, sxl2@cdc.gov Y1 - 2000 PY - 2000 DA - 2000 SP - 956 EP - 963 VL - 78 IS - 8 SN - 0042-9686, 0042-9686 KW - Pakistan, Karachi KW - disease transmission KW - drug abuse KW - hepatitis B KW - hepatitis C KW - jaundice KW - Virology & AIDS Abstracts; Health & Safety Science Abstracts KW - Mortality KW - Hepatitis C virus KW - Hepatitis B virus KW - Transmission KW - Drug abuse KW - Injection KW - Jaundice KW - H 11000:Diseases/Injuries/Trauma KW - V 22124:Prophylaxis & control UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/17632634?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Ahealthsafetyabstracts&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Bulletin+of+The+World+Health+Organization&rft.atitle=Unsafe+injections+and+the+transmission+of+hepatitis+B+and+C+in+a+periurban+community+in+Pakistan&rft.au=Khan%2C+A+J%3BLuby%2C+S+P%3BFikree%2C+F%3BKarim%2C+A%3BObaid%2C+S%3BDellawala%2C+S%3BMirza%2C+S%3BMalik%2C+T%3BFisher-Hoch%2C+S%3BMcCormick%2C+J+B&rft.aulast=Khan&rft.aufirst=A&rft.date=2000-01-01&rft.volume=78&rft.issue=8&rft.spage=956&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Bulletin+of+The+World+Health+Organization&rft.issn=00429686&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Hepatitis B virus; Hepatitis C virus; Mortality; Jaundice; Drug abuse; Injection; Transmission ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Participation of MAP Kinase p38 and I Kappa B Kinase in Chromium (VI)-Induced NF- Kappa B and AP-1 Activation AN - 17624533; 4762039 AB - Epidemiological studies demonstrate that environmental and occupational exposure of chromium(VI) [Cr(VI)] or Cr(VI)-containing particles can cause a number of human diseases, including inflammation and cancer. The biological mechanisms responsible for the initiation and progression of diseases resulting from exposure to Cr(VI) are not fully understood. The present studies evaluated the ability of Cr(IV) to induce activation of NF- Kappa B and AP-1, two important transcription factors governing the expression of many early response genes involved in inflammation and carcinogenesis. The activation of NF- Kappa B and AP-1 by Cr(IV) was dose dependent. Aspirin, a well-established antioxidant, substantially inhibited Cr(VI)-induced activation of both NF- Kappa B and AP-1. SB202190, a specific inhibitor for p38, attenuated AP-1 activation induced by Cr(IV), whereas PD98059, a specific inhibitor for Erk, exhibited no effect on Cr(IV)-induced AP-1 activation. Blockage of NF- Kappa B signaling pathway by a transient transfection of a dominant negative expressing vector for I Kappa B kinase beta resulted in inhibition of Cr(IV)-induced NF- Kappa B, but not AP-1 activation. These data suggest that the activation of AP-1 or NF- Kappa B by Cr(IV) is through the involvement of MAP kinase or IKK pathway, respectively. JF - Journal of Environmental Pathology, Toxicology and Oncology AU - Chen, F AU - Ding, M AU - Lu, Y AU - Leonard, S S AU - Vallyathan, V AU - Castranova, V AU - Shi, X AD - The Pathology and Physiology Research Branch, Health Effect Laboratory Division, National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, (PPRB of NIOSH), USA, xas0@cdc.gov Y1 - 2000 PY - 2000 DA - 2000 SP - 231 EP - 238 VL - 19 IS - 3 SN - 0731-8898, 0731-8898 KW - I Kappa B kinase KW - Toxicology Abstracts KW - I^KB kinase KW - Metals KW - MAP kinase KW - Chromium KW - Transcription factors KW - NF-^KB protein KW - ^AAP-1 protein KW - X 24165:Biochemistry UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/17624533?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxicologyabstracts&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Environmental+Pathology%2C+Toxicology+and+Oncology&rft.atitle=Participation+of+MAP+Kinase+p38+and+I+Kappa+B+Kinase+in+Chromium+%28VI%29-Induced+NF-+Kappa+B+and+AP-1+Activation&rft.au=Chen%2C+F%3BDing%2C+M%3BLu%2C+Y%3BLeonard%2C+S+S%3BVallyathan%2C+V%3BCastranova%2C+V%3BShi%2C+X&rft.aulast=Chen&rft.aufirst=F&rft.date=2000-01-01&rft.volume=19&rft.issue=3&rft.spage=231&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+Environmental+Pathology%2C+Toxicology+and+Oncology&rft.issn=07318898&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - SuppNotes - Special issue: Mechanism of metal carcinogenesis. N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Metals; ^AAP-1 protein; NF-^KB protein; MAP kinase; Chromium; Transcription factors ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Mechanisms of Arsenic Carcinogenicity: Genetic or Epigenetic Mechanisms? AN - 17623422; 4762044 AB - Environmental and occupational exposure to arsenic is associated with increased risk of skin, urinary bladder, and respiratory tract cancers. The mechanisms responsible for arsenic carcinogenesis have not been established. Arsenic does not act through classic genotoxic and mutagenic mechanisms, as do other metals such as cadmium or chromium. Increasing evidence indicates that arsenic acts at the level of tumor promotion by modulating the signaling pathways responsible for cell growth. JF - Journal of Environmental Pathology, Toxicology and Oncology AU - Simeonova, P P AU - Luster, MI AD - NIOSH; HELD; TMBB, 1095 Willowdale Road, Mailstop 3014, Morgantown, West Virginia 26505-2888, USA, phs9@cdc.gov Y1 - 2000 PY - 2000 DA - 2000 SP - 281 EP - 286 VL - 19 IS - 3 SN - 0731-8898, 0731-8898 KW - Toxicology Abstracts KW - Arsenic KW - Carcinogenesis KW - Tumor-promoting agents KW - Cell proliferation KW - Signal transduction KW - X 24165:Biochemistry UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/17623422?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxicologyabstracts&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Environmental+Pathology%2C+Toxicology+and+Oncology&rft.atitle=Mechanisms+of+Arsenic+Carcinogenicity%3A+Genetic+or+Epigenetic+Mechanisms%3F&rft.au=Simeonova%2C+P+P%3BLuster%2C+MI&rft.aulast=Simeonova&rft.aufirst=P&rft.date=2000-01-01&rft.volume=19&rft.issue=3&rft.spage=281&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+Environmental+Pathology%2C+Toxicology+and+Oncology&rft.issn=07318898&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - SuppNotes - Special issue: Mechanism of metal carcinogenesis. N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Arsenic; Carcinogenesis; Tumor-promoting agents; Cell proliferation; Signal transduction ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Activation of Androgen Response Element by Cadmium: A Potential Mechanism for a Carcinogenic Effect of Cadmium in the Prostate AN - 17620821; 4762043 AB - Cadmium is a transition metal that has been widely used in industry. Epidemiological and animal studies have demonstrated a carcinogenic effect of cadmium on the prostate. Although it has been established that androgen is required for this cancer-inducing process, it is not clear how cadmium interacts with androgen. In this study, the carcinogenic mechanism of cadmium was explored with a focus on interaction of androgen and cadmium at the gene transcription level. An androgen response luciferase reporter was used for analysis of the cadmium activity in the transient transfection assay. Human prostate epithelial cells (LNCap) and liver cells (HepG2) were transfected by the reporter. The result showed that cadmium was able to activate the reporter in the absence of androgen, and that this activation was dependent on the presence of androgen receptor. Cadmium could enhance the androgen response when both androgen and cadmium were applied together to the reporter-transfected cells. Activation of the reporter by cadmium was not associated with cell proliferation or interleukin 6 (IL-6) production, which was proposed to be involved in cadmium-induced carcinogenesis in other experimental systems. Cadmium exhibited a weak ability to induce AP-1. The results demonstrate that cadmium has an androgen-like activity in prostate epithelial cells, and this activity implies a new mechanism for the carcinogenic effect of cadmium in the prostate. JF - Journal of Environmental Pathology, Toxicology and Oncology AU - Ye, J AU - Wang, S AU - Barger, M AU - Castranova, V AU - Shi, X AD - PPRB of NIOSH, 1095 Willowdale Road, Morgantown, WV 26505, USA, xas0@cdc.gov Y1 - 2000 PY - 2000 DA - 2000 SP - 275 EP - 280 VL - 19 IS - 3 SN - 0731-8898, 0731-8898 KW - man KW - cell lines KW - Toxicology Abstracts KW - Metals KW - Chromium KW - Carcinogenesis KW - Epithelium KW - Prostate KW - ^AAP-1 protein KW - Androgens KW - X 24165:Biochemistry UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/17620821?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxicologyabstracts&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Environmental+Pathology%2C+Toxicology+and+Oncology&rft.atitle=Activation+of+Androgen+Response+Element+by+Cadmium%3A+A+Potential+Mechanism+for+a+Carcinogenic+Effect+of+Cadmium+in+the+Prostate&rft.au=Ye%2C+J%3BWang%2C+S%3BBarger%2C+M%3BCastranova%2C+V%3BShi%2C+X&rft.aulast=Ye&rft.aufirst=J&rft.date=2000-01-01&rft.volume=19&rft.issue=3&rft.spage=275&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+Environmental+Pathology%2C+Toxicology+and+Oncology&rft.issn=07318898&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - SuppNotes - Special issue: Mechanism of metal carcinogenesis. N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Androgens; Metals; Chromium; Prostate; Epithelium; ^AAP-1 protein; Carcinogenesis ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Prioritization of NTP reproductive toxicants for field studies AN - 17562782; 4755499 AB - Population studies that evaluate human reproductive impairment are time consuming, expensive, logistically difficult, and with limited resources must be prioritized to effectively prevent the adverse health effects in humans. Interactions among health scientists, unions, and industry can serve to identify populations exposed to potential hazards and develop strategies to evaluate and apply appropriate controls. This report describes a systematic method for prioritizing chemicals that may need human reproductive health field studies. Rodent reproductive toxicants identified from the National Toxicology Program (NTP) Reproductive Assessment by Continuous Breeding (RACB) protocol were prioritized on the basis of potency of toxic effect and population at risk. This model for prioritization links NTP findings with data from the National Occupational Exposure Survey (NOES) and the Hazardous Substance Data Base (HSDB) or the High Production Volume Chemical Database (HPVC) to prioritize chemicals for their potential impact on worker populations. The chemicals with the highest priority for field study were: dibutyl phthalate, boric acid, tricresyl phosphate, and N,N-dimethylformamide. JF - Reproductive Toxicology AU - Moorman, W J AU - Ahlers, H W AU - Chapin, R E AU - Daston, G P AU - Foster, PMD AU - Kavlock, R J AU - Morawetz, J S AU - Schnorr, T M AU - Schrader, S M AD - National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH), 4676 Columbia Pkwy, Cincinnati OH, 45226, USA, wjm2@cdc.gov Y1 - 2000 PY - 2000 DA - 2000 SP - 293 EP - 301 VL - 14 IS - 4 SN - 0890-6238, 0890-6238 KW - prioritization KW - USA, National Toxicology Program KW - Toxicology Abstracts KW - Toxicants KW - Government policy KW - Reproduction KW - Xenobiotics KW - X 24230:Legislation & recommended standards UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/17562782?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxicologyabstracts&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Reproductive+Toxicology&rft.atitle=Prioritization+of+NTP+reproductive+toxicants+for+field+studies&rft.au=Moorman%2C+W+J%3BAhlers%2C+H+W%3BChapin%2C+R+E%3BDaston%2C+G+P%3BFoster%2C+PMD%3BKavlock%2C+R+J%3BMorawetz%2C+J+S%3BSchnorr%2C+T+M%3BSchrader%2C+S+M&rft.aulast=Moorman&rft.aufirst=W&rft.date=2000-01-01&rft.volume=14&rft.issue=4&rft.spage=293&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Reproductive+Toxicology&rft.issn=08906238&rft_id=info:doi/10.1016%2FS0890-6238%2800%2900089-7 LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Xenobiotics; Toxicants; Reproduction; Government policy DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0890-6238(00)00089-7 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Effects of simulated pulmonary surfactant on the cytotoxicity and DNA-damaging activity of respirable quartz and kaolin AN - 17557857; 4750663 AB - Respirable-sized quartz and kaolin dusts were pretreated with simulated pulmonary surfactant dispersions of dipalmitoyl phosphatidylcholine (DPPC) in saline to model the conditioning of particles depositing in alveolar regions of the lung. DPPC-treated and untreated dusts were used to challenge lavaged rat pulmonary alveolar macrophages in vitro. Cytotoxicity was determined over a 5-d period using both total and viable cell counts from a fluorescence-based viability assay. DNA damage, as an indication of genotoxicity, was determined over a 7-d period by the single-cell gel electrophoresis assay. Untreated quartz and kaolin both expressed a significant and potent cytotoxicity, which increased with concentration and time. DPPC-surfactant pretreatment delayed significant expression of this cytotoxicity until 3 to 5 d after challenge. Untreated quartz also caused DNA damage, which increased with concentration and time. DPPC-surfactant treatment of quartz delayed most DNA damage expression to 5 and 7 d. Untreated kaolin expressed weaker activity for DNA damage, significant at the highest concentration through 5 d, and at the higher concentrations on d 7. Surfactant treatment delayed most kaolin activity for DNA damage to 7 d after challenge. JF - Journal of Toxicology and Environmental Health, Part A AU - Gao, N AU - Keane, MJ AU - Ong, T AU - Wallace, W E AD - NIOSH, 1095 Willowdale Rd., Morgantown, WV 26505, USA, wew2@cdc.gov Y1 - 2000 PY - 2000 DA - 2000 SP - 153 EP - 167 VL - 60 IS - 3 SN - 0098-4108, 0098-4108 KW - cytotoxicity KW - rats KW - kaolin KW - pumactant KW - quartz KW - Toxicology Abstracts KW - Inhalation KW - DNA damage KW - Lung KW - Surfactants KW - Silicon dioxide KW - X 24155:Biochemistry UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/17557857?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxicologyabstracts&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Toxicology+and+Environmental+Health%2C+Part+A&rft.atitle=Effects+of+simulated+pulmonary+surfactant+on+the+cytotoxicity+and+DNA-damaging+activity+of+respirable+quartz+and+kaolin&rft.au=Gao%2C+N%3BKeane%2C+MJ%3BOng%2C+T%3BWallace%2C+W+E&rft.aulast=Gao&rft.aufirst=N&rft.date=2000-01-01&rft.volume=60&rft.issue=3&rft.spage=153&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+Toxicology+and+Environmental+Health%2C+Part+A&rft.issn=00984108&rft_id=info:doi/10.1080%2F009841000156466 LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - DNA damage; Silicon dioxide; Surfactants; Lung; Inhalation DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/009841000156466 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Changes in F-Actin Organization Induced by Hard Metal Particle Exposure in Rat Pulmonary Epithelial Cells Using Laser Scanning Confocal Microscopy AN - 17556023; 4743930 AB - Chronic inhalation of hard metal (WC-Co) particles causes alveolitis and the eventual development of pulmonary fibrosis. The initial inflammatory response includes a change in the alveolar epithelial cell-capillary barrier, which has been shown to be regulated by the state of assembly and organization of the actin cytoskeletal network. The objective of this study was to evaluate the effect WC-Co particles have on F-actin organization of lung epithelial cells in an in vitro culture system. Rat lung epithelial (L2) cells were exposed to 5, 25, and 100 mu g/mL of WC-Co particles, as well as the individual components (Co and WC) of the hard metal mixture particles for 24 h. The effect on F-actin organization was visualized by laser scanning confocal microscopy (LSCM) following Bodipy-Phallacidin staining. Minimal changes in the F-actin microfilaments of L2 cells were observed by LSCM after exposure to WC and WC-Co at 5 and 25 mu g/mL, while at 100 mu g/mL, there was a noticeable disruption in the uniform distribution of L2 cell F-actin microfilaments. After exposure to Co, a dose-dependent change in the F-actin organization of the L2 cells was observed. Little change in F-actin assembly was observed after treatment with 5 mu g/mL of Co (the concentration equivalent to the 5% amount of Co commonly present in 100 mu g/mL of the WC-Co sample mixture). However, at 100 mu g/mL of Co, the microfilaments aggregated into homogeneous masses within the cells, and a significant loss in the organization of L2 F-actin was observed. These dramatic alterations in F-actin organization seen after exposure to the higher doses of Co were attributed to an increase in L2 cell injury as measured by lactate dehydrogenase and trypan blue exclusion. We conclude the pulmonary response evoked in the lung by inhalation of high levels of WC-Co particles is unlikely due to alterations in the F-actin microfilaments of lung-epithelial cells. JF - In Vitro & Molecular Toxicology AU - Antonini, J M AU - Starks, K AU - Roberts, J R AU - Millecchia, L AU - Yang, H-M AU - Rao, K M AD - Health Effects Laboratory Division, National Institute for Occupational, Safety and Health, 1095 Willowdale Road (M/S 2015), Morgantown, WV 26505, USA, jga6@cdc.gov Y1 - 2000 PY - 2000 DA - 2000 SP - 5 EP - 16 VL - 13 IS - 1 SN - 1097-9336, 1097-9336 KW - rats KW - F-Actin KW - laser scanning confocal microscopy KW - Toxicology Abstracts KW - Inhalation KW - Metals KW - Microfilaments KW - Lung KW - Particulate pollution KW - Epithelium KW - X 24165:Biochemistry UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/17556023?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxicologyabstracts&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=In+Vitro+%26+Molecular+Toxicology&rft.atitle=Changes+in+F-Actin+Organization+Induced+by+Hard+Metal+Particle+Exposure+in+Rat+Pulmonary+Epithelial+Cells+Using+Laser+Scanning+Confocal+Microscopy&rft.au=Antonini%2C+J+M%3BStarks%2C+K%3BRoberts%2C+J+R%3BMillecchia%2C+L%3BYang%2C+H-M%3BRao%2C+K+M&rft.aulast=Antonini&rft.aufirst=J&rft.date=2000-01-01&rft.volume=13&rft.issue=1&rft.spage=5&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=In+Vitro+%26+Molecular+Toxicology&rft.issn=10979336&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Lung; Epithelium; Inhalation; Metals; Particulate pollution; Microfilaments ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Octylphenol inhibits testosterone biosynthesis by cultured precursor and immature Leydig cells from rat testes AN - 17552635; 4737038 AB - 4-tert-octyphenol (OP) is a surfactant additive widely used in the manufacture of a variety of detergents and plastic products. OP has been reported to mimic the actions of estrogen in many cellular systems. The present studies evaluated the direct effects of OP on human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG)-stimulated testosterone biosynthesis by cultured precursor and immature Leydig cells from 23-day old (prepubertal) rats. Exposure to increasing OP concentrations (1 to 2000 nM) progressively decreased hCG-stimulated testosterone formation in both precursor and immature Leydig cells at higher OP concentrations (100 or 500 to 2000 nM). Testosterone levels were reduced similar to 30 to 70% below control at the highest concentration in both cell types. Similar reductions in testosterone associated with OP exposure were observed in cells stimulated with 1 mM 8-Br-cAMP, suggesting that the main actions of OP occur after the generation of cAMP. Increasing concentrations of 17 beta -estradiol (1 to 1000 nM) had no effect on hCG-stimulated testosterone formation in both precursor and immature Leydig cells and the inclusion of 100 nM ICI 182,780, a pure estrogen antagonist, in precursor and immature Leydig cells exposed to OP and hCG, did not alter the inhibition by higher OP concentrations of testosterone formation in both cell types. These results suggest that OP is a hormonally active agent, but that some of its actions are distinct from those of 17 beta -estradiol and are not mediated through the estrogen receptor alpha or beta pathway. To further localize the potential site(s) of action of OP, cultured precursor and immature Leydig cells were exposed to increasing concentrations of OP and hCG for 24 h. Next, fresh media containing 1 mu M 22(R)-hydroxycholesterol, 1 mu M pregnenolone, 1 mu M progesterone, or 1 mu M androstenedione was added, and the conversion of each substrate to testosterone was determined after incubation for 4 h. The conversion of androstenedione to testosterone was unaffected by exposure to OP, suggesting that the 17 beta -hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase step is not inhibited. However, the conversion of 22(R)-hydroxycholesterol, pregnenolone and progesterone all were inhibited by prior exposure to OP and hCG. This finding suggests that the 17 alpha -hydroxylase/c17-20-lyase step, which converts progesterone to androstenedione, is inhibited by OP, and that the cholesterol side-chain cleavage and 3 beta -hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase -isomerase steps, which convert cholesterol to pregnenolone and pregnenolone to progesterone, respectively, are other potential sites of OP action. Because concomitant exposure to the antioxidants alpha -tocopherol or ascorbate did not alter the inhibition of testosterone formation by higher OP concentrations, it does not appear that OP is acting as a pseudosubstrate for the generation of free radicals, which can damage P450 enzymes. JF - Reproductive Toxicology AU - Murono, E P AU - Derk, R C AU - De Leon, JH AD - Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, Health Effects Laboratory Division, Pathology and Physiology Research Branch, M/S 2015, 1095 Willowdale Road, Morgantown, WV 26505-2888, USA, eem8@cdc.gov Y1 - 2000 PY - 2000 DA - 2000 SP - 275 EP - 288 VL - 14 IS - 3 SN - 0890-6238, 0890-6238 KW - rats KW - alpha -Tocopherol KW - t-Octylphenol KW - Toxicology Abstracts KW - ^a-Tocopherol KW - Testes KW - Testosterone KW - Vitamin E KW - Antioxidants KW - Leydig cells KW - Surfactants KW - X 24155:Biochemistry UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/17552635?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxicologyabstracts&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Reproductive+Toxicology&rft.atitle=Octylphenol+inhibits+testosterone+biosynthesis+by+cultured+precursor+and+immature+Leydig+cells+from+rat+testes&rft.au=Murono%2C+E+P%3BDerk%2C+R+C%3BDe+Leon%2C+JH&rft.aulast=Murono&rft.aufirst=E&rft.date=2000-01-01&rft.volume=14&rft.issue=3&rft.spage=275&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Reproductive+Toxicology&rft.issn=08906238&rft_id=info:doi/10.1016%2FS0890-6238%2800%2900078-2 LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Vitamin E; Testes; Leydig cells; Testosterone; Antioxidants; Surfactants DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0890-6238(00)00078-2 ER - TY - CONF T1 - Using GIS to study the health impact of air emissions AN - 17529102; 4708002 AB - Geographical Information Systems (GIS) is a fast-developing technology with an ever-increasing number of applications. Air dispersion modeling is a well-established discipline that can produce results in a spatial context. The marriage of these two applications is optimal because it leverages the predictive capacity of modeling with the data management, analysis, and display capabilities of GIS. In the public health arena, exposure estimation techniques are invaluable. The utilization of air emission data, such as U.S. EPA Toxic Release Inventory (TRI) data, and air dispersion modeling with GIS enable public health professionals to identify and define the potentially exposed population, estimate the health risk burden of that population, and determine correlations between point-based health outcome results with estimated health risk. JF - Drug and Chemical Toxicology AU - Dent, AL AU - Fowler, DA AU - Kaplan, B M AU - Zarus, G M AU - Henriques, W D Y1 - 2000 PY - 2000 DA - 2000 SP - 161 EP - 178 PB - Marcel Dekker Journals, 270 Madison Ave. New York NY 10016-0602 USA VL - 23 IS - 1 KW - man KW - Geographic Information Systems KW - Risk Abstracts; Health & Safety Science Abstracts; Pollution Abstracts; Toxicology Abstracts KW - Risk assessment KW - Pollution dispersion KW - Public health KW - Mathematical models KW - Air pollution KW - Databases KW - Geographic information systems KW - Information systems KW - H 3000:Environment and Ecology KW - X 24240:Miscellaneous KW - R2 23060:Medical and environmental health KW - P 6000:TOXICOLOGY AND HEALTH UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/17529102?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Ariskabstracts&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Drug+and+Chemical+Toxicology&rft.atitle=Using+GIS+to+study+the+health+impact+of+air+emissions&rft.au=Dent%2C+AL%3BFowler%2C+DA%3BKaplan%2C+B+M%3BZarus%2C+G+M%3BHenriques%2C+W+D&rft.aulast=Dent&rft.aufirst=AL&rft.date=2000-01-01&rft.volume=23&rft.issue=1&rft.spage=161&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Drug+and+Chemical+Toxicology&rft.issn=01480545&rft_id=info:doi/10.1081%2FDCT-100100109 LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1081/DCT-100100109 ER - TY - CONF T1 - Comparison of human and rodent lung dosimetry models for particle clearance and retention AN - 17528783; 4708004 AB - Interspecies differences in the kinetics and/or mechanisms of particle retention can influence the amount and location of particle retention in the lungs, which can also influence the tissue response to a given particle burden. Dosimetric models may be used to adjust for differences in the exposure-dose relationships in different species, thus allowing for comparison of lung responses at equivalent doses. Although the rat is one of the most frequently used animal models for assessing the risk of exposures to hazardous substances in humans, few data are available for comparison of human and animal responses to inhaled particles. A biologically-based human dosimetric lung model was developed to describe the fate of respirable particles in the lungs of humans, using data from U.S. coal miners and assumptions about the overloading of alveolar clearance from studies in rats. This model includes alveolar, interstitial, and hilar lymph node compartments. The form of the model that provides the best fit to the lung dust burden data in these coal miners includes a first-order interstitialization process and either no dose-dependent decline in alveolar clearance or much less decline than expected from rodent studies. These findings are consistent with the particle retention patterns observed previously in the lungs of primates. This human lung dosimetry model is useful for investigating the factors that may influence the relationships between the airborne particle exposure, lung dust burden, and fibrotic lung disease. JF - Drug and Chemical Toxicology AU - Kuempel, ED Y1 - 2000 PY - 2000 DA - 2000 SP - 203 EP - 222 PB - Marcel Dekker Journals, 270 Madison Ave. New York NY 10016-0602 USA VL - 23 IS - 1 KW - particles KW - clearance KW - retention KW - man KW - rats KW - Toxicology Abstracts KW - Mathematical models KW - Lung KW - Dosimetry KW - Particulate pollution KW - Toxicity testing KW - X 24221:Toxicity testing UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/17528783?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxicologyabstracts&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Drug+and+Chemical+Toxicology&rft.atitle=Comparison+of+human+and+rodent+lung+dosimetry+models+for+particle+clearance+and+retention&rft.au=Kuempel%2C+ED&rft.aulast=Kuempel&rft.aufirst=ED&rft.date=2000-01-01&rft.volume=23&rft.issue=1&rft.spage=203&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Drug+and+Chemical+Toxicology&rft.issn=01480545&rft_id=info:doi/10.1081%2FDCT-100100111 LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1081/DCT-100100111 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - The Vaccine Safety Datalink: immunization research in health maintenance organizations in the USA AN - 17518075; 4707165 AB - The Vaccine Safety Datalink is a collaborative project involving the National Immunization Program of the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention and several large health maintenance organizations in the USA. The project began in 1990 with the primary purpose of rigorously evaluating concerns about the safety of vaccines. Computerized data on vaccination, medical outcome (e.g. outpatient visits, emergency room visits, hospitalizations, and deaths) and covariates (e.g. birth certificates, census data) are prospectively collected and linked under joint protocol at multiple health maintenance organizations for analysis. Approximately 6 million persons (2% of the population of the USA) are now members of health maintenance organizations participating in the Vaccine Safety Datalink, which has proved to be a valuable resource providing important information on a number of vaccine safety issues. The databases and infrastructure created for the Vaccine Safety Datalink have also provided opportunities to address vaccination coverage, cost-effectiveness and other matters connected with immunization as well as matters outside this field. JF - Bulletin of The World Health Organization AU - Chen, R T AU - DeStefano, F AU - Davis, R L AU - Jackson, LA AU - Thompson, R S AU - Mullooly, J P AU - Black, S B AU - Shinefield, H R AU - Vadheim, C M AU - Ward, JI AU - Marcy, S M AD - National Immunization Program, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA 30333, USA, rtc1@cdc.gov Y1 - 2000 PY - 2000 DA - 2000 SP - 186 EP - 194 VL - 78 IS - 2 SN - 0042-9686, 0042-9686 KW - Health Maintenance Organizations KW - USA KW - vaccines KW - Toxicology Abstracts; Health & Safety Science Abstracts KW - Risk assessment KW - Data collection KW - Safety KW - Government policy KW - Immunization KW - Public health KW - Computer programs KW - Databases KW - Vaccines KW - Drugs KW - Side effects KW - X 24230:Legislation & recommended standards KW - H 4000:Food and Drugs UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/17518075?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxicologyabstracts&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Bulletin+of+The+World+Health+Organization&rft.atitle=The+Vaccine+Safety+Datalink%3A+immunization+research+in+health+maintenance+organizations+in+the+USA&rft.au=Chen%2C+R+T%3BDeStefano%2C+F%3BDavis%2C+R+L%3BJackson%2C+LA%3BThompson%2C+R+S%3BMullooly%2C+J+P%3BBlack%2C+S+B%3BShinefield%2C+H+R%3BVadheim%2C+C+M%3BWard%2C+JI%3BMarcy%2C+S+M&rft.aulast=Chen&rft.aufirst=R&rft.date=2000-01-01&rft.volume=78&rft.issue=2&rft.spage=186&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Bulletin+of+The+World+Health+Organization&rft.issn=00429686&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - SuppNotes - Special theme: Immunization Safety. N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Drugs; Side effects; Data collection; Risk assessment; Immunization; Vaccines; Safety; Databases; Public health; Government policy; Computer programs ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Safety evaluation of sous vide-processed products with respect to nonproteolytic Clostridium botulinum by use of challenge studies and predictive microbiological models AN - 17470606; 4669437 AB - Sixteen different types of sous vide-processed products were evaluated for safety with respect to nonproteolytic group II Clostridium botulinum by using challenge tests with low (2.0-log-CFU/kg) and high (5.3-log-CFU/kg) inocula and two currently available predictive microbiological models, Food MicroModel (FMM) and Pathogen Modeling Program (PMP). After thermal processing, the products were stored at 4 and 8 degree C and examined for the presence of botulinal spores and neurotoxin on the sell-by date and 7 days after the sell-by date. Most of the thermal processes were found to be inadequate for eliminating spores, even in low-inoculum samples. Only 2 of the 16 products were found to be negative for botulinal spores and neurotoxin at both sampling times. Two products at the high inoculum level showed toxigenesis during storage at 8 degree C, one of them at the sell-by date. The predictions generated by both the FMM thermal death model and the FMM and PMP growth models were found to be inconsistent with the observed results in a majority of the challenges. The inaccurate predictions were caused by the limited number and range of the controlling factors in the models. Based on this study, it was concluded that the safety of sous vide products needs to be carefully evaluated product by product. Time-temperature combinations used in thermal treatments should be reevaluated to increase the efficiency of processing, and the use of additional antibotulinal hurdles, such as biopreservatives, should be assessed. JF - Applied and Environmental Microbiology AU - Hyytia-Trees, E AU - Skytta, E AU - Mokkila, M AU - Kinnunen, A AU - Lindstrom, M AU - Lahteenmaki, L AU - Ahvenainen, R AU - Korkeala, H AD - 1409 Millstream Trail, Lawrenceville, GA 30044, USA, eih9@cdc.gov Y1 - 2000/01// PY - 2000 DA - Jan 2000 SP - 223 EP - 229 VL - 66 IS - 1 SN - 0099-2240, 0099-2240 KW - Clostridium botulinum KW - Health & Safety Science Abstracts; Microbiology Abstracts A: Industrial & Applied Microbiology KW - Temperature effects KW - Botulism KW - Temperature KW - Microbial contamination KW - Food contamination KW - Storage KW - Neurotoxins KW - A 01017:Human foods KW - H 4000:Food and Drugs UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/17470606?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologya&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Applied+and+Environmental+Microbiology&rft.atitle=Safety+evaluation+of+sous+vide-processed+products+with+respect+to+nonproteolytic+Clostridium+botulinum+by+use+of+challenge+studies+and+predictive+microbiological+models&rft.au=Hyytia-Trees%2C+E%3BSkytta%2C+E%3BMokkila%2C+M%3BKinnunen%2C+A%3BLindstrom%2C+M%3BLahteenmaki%2C+L%3BAhvenainen%2C+R%3BKorkeala%2C+H&rft.aulast=Hyytia-Trees&rft.aufirst=E&rft.date=2000-01-01&rft.volume=66&rft.issue=1&rft.spage=223&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Applied+and+Environmental+Microbiology&rft.issn=00992240&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Clostridium botulinum; Food contamination; Microbial contamination; Storage; Neurotoxins; Temperature; Botulism; Temperature effects ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Confirmation of psaA in all 90 serotypes of Streptococcus pneumoniae by PCR and potential of this assay for identification and diagnosis AN - 17464802; 4669653 AB - The gene encoding the pneumococcal surface adhesion A (PsaA) protein, psaA, was confirmed in all Streptococcus pneumoniae serotypes by a newly developed PCR (psaA PCR) assay. Eighty-nine of the 90 serotypes amplified produced an 838-bp fragment; the exception was a serotype 16F strain acquired from the American Type Culture Collection (ATCC). Analysis of 20 additional 16F strains from the United States and Brazil showed that the gene was amplified in all 16F strains, implying that the serotype 16F ATCC strain must be a variant. The specificity of the assay was verified by the lack of signal from analysis of heterologous bacterial species (n = 30) and genera (n = 14), including viridans group streptococci. The potential of the assay for clinical application was shown by its ability to detect pneumococci in culture-positive nasopharyngeal specimens. Demonstration of psaA in all 90 serotypes and lack of amplification of heterologous organisms suggest that this assay could be a useful tool for detection of pneumococci and diagnosis of disease. JF - Journal of Clinical Microbiology AU - Morrison, KE AU - Lake, D AU - Crook, J AU - Carlone, G M AU - Ades, E AU - Facklam, R AU - Sampson, J S AD - Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, 1600 Clifton Rd., NE, Mailstop G05, Atlanta, GA 30333, USA, Jas5@cdc.gov Y1 - 2000/01// PY - 2000 DA - Jan 2000 SP - 434 EP - 437 VL - 38 IS - 1 SN - 0095-1137, 0095-1137 KW - Brazil KW - USA KW - psaA gene KW - Microbiology Abstracts B: Bacteriology KW - Streptococcus pneumoniae KW - Serotypes KW - Genotyping KW - Polymerase chain reaction KW - J 02704:Enumeration UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/17464802?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologyb&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Clinical+Microbiology&rft.atitle=Confirmation+of+psaA+in+all+90+serotypes+of+Streptococcus+pneumoniae+by+PCR+and+potential+of+this+assay+for+identification+and+diagnosis&rft.au=Morrison%2C+KE%3BLake%2C+D%3BCrook%2C+J%3BCarlone%2C+G+M%3BAdes%2C+E%3BFacklam%2C+R%3BSampson%2C+J+S&rft.aulast=Morrison&rft.aufirst=KE&rft.date=2000-01-01&rft.volume=38&rft.issue=1&rft.spage=434&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+Clinical+Microbiology&rft.issn=00951137&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Streptococcus pneumoniae; Serotypes; Polymerase chain reaction; Genotyping ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Emergency vaccination against epidemic meningitis in Ghana: implications for the control of meningococcal disease in West Africa AN - 17453892; 4662183 AB - Recurrent epidemics of meningococcal disease have been reported throughout the African meningitis belt since description of the disease in 1912. Meningooccal polysaccharide vaccines can effectively prevent disease but the optimum strategy for their use in this setting has been controversial. We used data from an outbreak of meningococcal disease in northern Ghana in 1997 to assess the potential effect of different vaccination strategies. We identified all reported cases of meningococcal meningitis and estimated the number of cases and deaths that could have been prevented by vaccination through use of a simple mathematical model. We then assessed the potential effect of different vaccination strategies and the burden of these strategies on the public-health system. In the three affected regions in northern Ghana there were 18 703 cases and 1356 deaths reported between November, 1996, and May, 1997. Vaccination began in the third week of February and continued to April, reaching 72% of the at-risk population and preventing an estimated 23% of cases and 18% of deaths. A strategy of routine childhood and adult immunisation would have prevented 61% of cases had this same rate of vaccine coverage been achieved and maintained before the epidemic. If vaccination had started after the onset of the epidemic in January, as currently advocated by WHO guidelines, a similar proportion (61%) of cases could have been prevented. Prevention of epidemics of meningococal disease in west Africa will be difficult until long-lasting conjugate vaccines capable of interrupting transmission of Neisseria meningitidis can be incorporated into routine infant-immunisation schedules. Until then, the strategy of surveillance and response advocated by WHO is as effective and more practical than a strategy of routine childhood and adult vaccination with currently available polysaccharide vaccines. JF - Lancet AU - Woods, C W AU - Armstrong, G AU - Sackey, SO AU - Tetteh, C AU - Bugri, S AU - Perkins, BA AU - Rosenstein, N E AD - Meningitis and Special Pathogens Branch, Division of Bacterial and Mycotic Diseases, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, 1600 Clifton Road NE/MS-C23, Atlanta, GA 30333, USA, NAR5@cdc.gov Y1 - 2000/01/01/ PY - 2000 DA - 2000 Jan 01 SP - 30 EP - 33 VL - 355 IS - 9197 SN - 0099-5355, 0099-5355 KW - man KW - Africa KW - Ghana KW - Microbiology Abstracts B: Bacteriology KW - Disease control KW - Neisseria meningitidis KW - Vaccination KW - Meningitis KW - J 02834:Vaccination and immunization UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/17453892?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologyb&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Lancet&rft.atitle=Emergency+vaccination+against+epidemic+meningitis+in+Ghana%3A+implications+for+the+control+of+meningococcal+disease+in+West+Africa&rft.au=Woods%2C+C+W%3BArmstrong%2C+G%3BSackey%2C+SO%3BTetteh%2C+C%3BBugri%2C+S%3BPerkins%2C+BA%3BRosenstein%2C+N+E&rft.aulast=Woods&rft.aufirst=C&rft.date=2000-01-01&rft.volume=355&rft.issue=9197&rft.spage=30&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Lancet&rft.issn=00995355&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Neisseria meningitidis; Disease control; Vaccination; Meningitis ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Evaluation of Mycobacterium tuberculosis genes involved in resistance to killing by human macrophages AN - 17444434; 4652768 AB - A coinfection assay was developed to examine Mycobacterium tuberculosis genes suspected to be involved in resistance to killing by human macrophages. THP-1 macrophages were infected with a mixture of equal numbers of recombinant Mycobacterium smegmatis LR222 bacteria expressing an M. tuberculosis gene and wild-type M. smegmatis LR222 bacteria expressing the xylE gene. At various times after infection, the infected macrophages were lysed and the bacteria were plated. The resulting colonies were sprayed with catechol to determine the number of recombinant colonies and the number of xylE-expressing colonies. M. smegmatis bacteria expressing the M. tuberculosis glutamine synthetase A (glnA) gene or open reading frame Rv2962c or Rv2958c demonstrated significantly increased survival rates in THP-1 macrophages relative to those of xylE-expressing, bacteria. M. smegmatis bacteria expressing M. tuberculosis genes for phospholipase C (plcA and plcB) or for high temperature requirement A (htrA) did not. JF - Infection and Immunity AU - Miller, B H AU - Shinnick, ThM AD - Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Mailstop G35, 1600 Clifton Rd., Atlanta, GA 30329, USA, tms1@cdc.gov Y1 - 2000/01// PY - 2000 DA - Jan 2000 SP - 387 EP - 390 VL - 68 IS - 1 SN - 0019-9567, 0019-9567 KW - man KW - immunology KW - cDNA KW - amino acid sequence prediction KW - Mycobacterium smegmatis KW - Mycobacterium tuberculosis KW - Rv2958c gene KW - Rv2962c gene KW - glnA gene KW - glutamine synthase KW - htrA gene KW - plcA gene KW - plcB gene KW - xylE gene KW - Genetics Abstracts; Immunology Abstracts; Microbiology Abstracts B: Bacteriology KW - Temperature effects KW - Macrophages KW - Phospholipase C KW - Nucleotide sequence KW - Genetic analysis KW - Disease resistance KW - Gene expression KW - Glutamate-ammonia ligase KW - Tuberculosis KW - Open reading frames KW - G 07320:Bacterial genetics KW - F 06801:Bacteria KW - F 06764:Function KW - J 02740:Genetics and evolution UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/17444434?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologyb&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Infection+and+Immunity&rft.atitle=Evaluation+of+Mycobacterium+tuberculosis+genes+involved+in+resistance+to+killing+by+human+macrophages&rft.au=Miller%2C+B+H%3BShinnick%2C+ThM&rft.aulast=Miller&rft.aufirst=B&rft.date=2000-01-01&rft.volume=68&rft.issue=1&rft.spage=387&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Infection+and+Immunity&rft.issn=00199567&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Mycobacterium tuberculosis; Mycobacterium smegmatis; Disease resistance; Macrophages; Glutamate-ammonia ligase; Nucleotide sequence; Phospholipase C; Temperature effects; Tuberculosis; Genetic analysis; Gene expression; Open reading frames ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Inhibition of Borrelia burgdorferi migration from the midgut to the salivary glands following feeding by ticks on OspC-immunized mice AN - 17442394; 4652774 AB - Borrelia burgdorferi-infected ticks were fed on either OspC-immunized mice or normal, nonimmunized mice. After 72 h, the ticks were detached, followed by dissection and subsequent culturing in Barbour-Stoenner-Kelley II medium of the salivary glands from each tick to determine the presence of borreliae. Forty percent (10 of 25) of salivary glands from ticks that had fed on nonimmunized mice were culture positive, while only 7.4% (2 of 27) of salivary glands from ticks that had fed on OspC-immunized mice were culture positive, thus indicating a much reduced borrelial migration from the midgut when the bloodmeal contained anti-OspC antibodies. Fluorescent antibody staining of the corresponding midguts from ticks that had fed on the OspC-immunized mice showed that borreliae were present but did not produce OspC. In contrast, borreliae in midguts from ticks that had fed on normal mice demonstrated substantial ospC expression. This study provides evidence that, during tick feeding on an OspC-immunized host, transmission of borreliae from the tick is prevented; it also suggests that OspC functions in a tick-to-host transmission mechanism. JF - Infection and Immunity AU - Gilmore, RD Jr AU - Piesman, J AD - DVBID, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, P.O. Box 2087, Foothills Campus, Fort Collins, CO 80522, USA, rbg9@cdc.gov Y1 - 2000/01// PY - 2000 DA - Jan 2000 SP - 411 EP - 414 VL - 68 IS - 1 SN - 0019-9567, 0019-9567 KW - Acari KW - mice KW - OspC protein KW - Entomology Abstracts; Microbiology Abstracts B: Bacteriology KW - Fluorescent antibody test KW - Borrelia burgdorferi KW - Ixodidae KW - Animal models KW - Blood meals KW - Salivary gland KW - Immunization KW - Disease transmission KW - Midgut KW - Host-parasite interactions KW - Lyme disease KW - J 02870:Invertebrate bacteriology KW - Z 05206:Medical & veterinary entomology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/17442394?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologyb&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Infection+and+Immunity&rft.atitle=Inhibition+of+Borrelia+burgdorferi+migration+from+the+midgut+to+the+salivary+glands+following+feeding+by+ticks+on+OspC-immunized+mice&rft.au=Gilmore%2C+RD+Jr%3BPiesman%2C+J&rft.aulast=Gilmore&rft.aufirst=RD&rft.date=2000-01-01&rft.volume=68&rft.issue=1&rft.spage=411&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Infection+and+Immunity&rft.issn=00199567&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Borrelia burgdorferi; Ixodidae; Midgut; Salivary gland; Blood meals; Disease transmission; Lyme disease; Animal models; Immunization; Fluorescent antibody test; Host-parasite interactions ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Carbon monoxide poisoning associated with use of LPG-powered (propane) forklifts in industrial settings--Iowa, 1998. AN - 69404203; 10634346 AB - In 1998, the Iowa Department of Public Health (IDPH) and Iowa State University (ISU) Extension Department, with the assistance of local health departments, investigated a series of carbon monoxide (CO) poisonings associated with the use of liquified petroleum gas (LPG)-powered forklifts in light industry. In each episode, forklifts emitting high CO concentration levels were operated in inadequately ventilated warehouse and production facilities, which resulted in high CO accumulations. Employees at each site developed symptoms of CO poisoning, and some employees received inadequate or inappropriate medical care. This report summarizes the investigations and provides recommendations to prevent such incidents. JF - MMWR. Morbidity and mortality weekly report AU - Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) AD - Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) Y1 - 1999/12/17/ PY - 1999 DA - 1999 Dec 17 SP - 1121 EP - 1124 VL - 48 IS - 49 SN - 0149-2195, 0149-2195 KW - Air Pollutants, Occupational KW - 0 KW - Petroleum KW - Propane KW - T75W9911L6 KW - Index Medicus KW - Humans KW - Iowa -- epidemiology KW - Carbon Monoxide Poisoning -- etiology KW - Carbon Monoxide Poisoning -- epidemiology KW - Motor Vehicles KW - Industry UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/69404203?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=MMWR.+Morbidity+and+mortality+weekly+report&rft.atitle=Carbon+monoxide+poisoning+associated+with+use+of+LPG-powered+%28propane%29+forklifts+in+industrial+settings--Iowa%2C+1998.&rft.au=Centers+for+Disease+Control+and+Prevention+%28CDC%29&rft.aulast=Centers+for+Disease+Control+and+Prevention+%28CDC%29&rft.aufirst=&rft.date=1999-12-17&rft.volume=48&rft.issue=49&rft.spage=1121&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=MMWR.+Morbidity+and+mortality+weekly+report&rft.issn=01492195&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 2000-01-27 N1 - Date created - 2000-01-27 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Hypertrophic pyloric stenosis in infants following pertussis prophylaxis with erythromycin--Knoxville, Tennessee, 1999. AN - 69399742; 10634345 AB - In February 1999, pertussis was diagnosed in six neonates born at hospital A in Knoxville, Tennessee. Because a health-care worker at hospital A was most likely the source of exposure, the local health department recommended on February 25, 1999, that erythromycin be prescribed as postexposure prophylaxis for the approximately 200 infants born at hospital A during February 1-24, 1999. In March 1999, local pediatric surgeons noticed an increased number of cases of infantile hypertrophic pyloric stenosis (IHPS) in the area, with seven cases occurring during a 2-week period. All seven IHPS cases were in infants born in hospital A during February who were given erythromycin orally for prophylaxis following possible exposure to pertussis, although none had pertussis diagnosed. The Tennessee Department of Health and CDC investigated the cluster of IHPS cases and its possible association with use of erythromycin. This report summarizes the results of the investigation, which suggest a causal role of erythromycin in this cluster of IHPS cases. JF - MMWR. Morbidity and mortality weekly report AU - Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) AD - Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) Y1 - 1999/12/17/ PY - 1999 DA - 1999 Dec 17 SP - 1117 EP - 1120 VL - 48 IS - 49 SN - 0149-2195, 0149-2195 KW - Anti-Bacterial Agents KW - 0 KW - Erythromycin KW - 63937KV33D KW - Index Medicus KW - Infant KW - Hypertrophy KW - Humans KW - Tennessee -- epidemiology KW - Cohort Studies KW - Infant, Newborn KW - Infectious Disease Transmission, Professional-to-Patient KW - Cluster Analysis KW - Whooping Cough -- transmission KW - Anti-Bacterial Agents -- therapeutic use KW - Pyloric Stenosis -- epidemiology KW - Whooping Cough -- prevention & control KW - Erythromycin -- therapeutic use KW - Erythromycin -- adverse effects KW - Anti-Bacterial Agents -- adverse effects KW - Pyloric Stenosis -- chemically induced KW - Antibiotic Prophylaxis -- adverse effects UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/69399742?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=MMWR.+Morbidity+and+mortality+weekly+report&rft.atitle=Hypertrophic+pyloric+stenosis+in+infants+following+pertussis+prophylaxis+with+erythromycin--Knoxville%2C+Tennessee%2C+1999.&rft.au=Centers+for+Disease+Control+and+Prevention+%28CDC%29&rft.aulast=Centers+for+Disease+Control+and+Prevention+%28CDC%29&rft.aufirst=&rft.date=1999-12-17&rft.volume=48&rft.issue=49&rft.spage=1117&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=MMWR.+Morbidity+and+mortality+weekly+report&rft.issn=01492195&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 2000-01-27 N1 - Date created - 2000-01-27 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Adherence to antiretroviral medications in an inner-city population. AN - 69498072; 10961612 AB - Adherence to antiretroviral medications is essential for optimal treatment of HIV infection. We investigated nonadherence to antiretroviral medications in an inner-city population by using a confidential interview and a self-administered anonymous questionnaire. We estimated adherence on the day before and the month before the interview and asked reasons for nonadherence. Of 173 people who were taking antiretroviral medications, all participated in the confidential interview and 101 also completed the anonymous questionnaire. Results of the confidential interview and the anonymous questionnaire revealed rates of 6% and 28%, respectively, for nonadherence to any drug on the preceding day and of 11% and 39%, respectively, in the preceding month. The most common reasons for nonadherence in both methods were forgetfulness, inaccessibility of medications, and perceived or actual toxicity. On 12% of the anonymous questionnaires one reason for nonadherence was perceived or actual lack of drug efficacy: this reason was not given in any of the confidential interviews. Responses about the extent of nonadherence and the reasons for it may differ depending on the method of ascertainment. Interventions to improve adherence should focus on making medication dosages easier to remember, ensuring a continued supply of medications, and circumventing toxicities. JF - Journal of acquired immune deficiency syndromes (1999) AU - Weidle, P J AU - Ganera, C E AU - Irwin, K L AU - McGowan, J P AU - Ernst, J A AU - Olivo, N AU - Holmberg, S D AD - Division of HIV/AIDS Prevention, National Center for HIV, STD, and TB Prevention, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia 30333, USA. pew6@cdc.gov Y1 - 1999/12/15/ PY - 1999 DA - 1999 Dec 15 SP - 498 EP - 502 VL - 22 IS - 5 SN - 1525-4135, 1525-4135 KW - Anti-HIV Agents KW - 0 KW - HIV Protease Inhibitors KW - Reverse Transcriptase Inhibitors KW - Index Medicus KW - AIDS/HIV KW - Reverse Transcriptase Inhibitors -- administration & dosage KW - Humans KW - Surveys and Questionnaires KW - Interviews as Topic KW - HIV Protease Inhibitors -- therapeutic use KW - Reverse Transcriptase Inhibitors -- therapeutic use KW - HIV Protease Inhibitors -- administration & dosage KW - Anti-HIV Agents -- therapeutic use KW - Patient Compliance KW - HIV Infections -- drug therapy KW - Anti-HIV Agents -- administration & dosage KW - Urban Population UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/69498072?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+acquired+immune+deficiency+syndromes+%281999%29&rft.atitle=Adherence+to+antiretroviral+medications+in+an+inner-city+population.&rft.au=Weidle%2C+P+J%3BGanera%2C+C+E%3BIrwin%2C+K+L%3BMcGowan%2C+J+P%3BErnst%2C+J+A%3BOlivo%2C+N%3BHolmberg%2C+S+D&rft.aulast=Weidle&rft.aufirst=P&rft.date=1999-12-15&rft.volume=22&rft.issue=5&rft.spage=498&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+acquired+immune+deficiency+syndromes+%281999%29&rft.issn=15254135&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 2000-09-07 N1 - Date created - 2000-09-07 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Recurrent injury event-time analysis. AN - 69372787; 10602157 AB - Public health decision making based on data sources that are characterized by a lack of independence and other complicating factors requires the development of innovative statistical techniques. Studies of injuries in occupational cohorts require methods to account for recurrent injuries to workers over time and the temporary removal of workers from the 'risk set' while recuperating. In this study, the times until injury events are modelled in an occupational cohort of employees in a large power utility company where employees are susceptible to recurrent events. The injury history over a ten-year period is used to compare the hazards of specific jobs, adjusted for age when first hired, and race/ethnicity differences. Subject-specific random effects and multiple event-times are accommodated through the application of frailty models which characterize the dependence of recurrent events over time. The counting process formulation of the proportional hazards regression model is used to estimate the effects of covariates for subjects with discontinuous intervals of risk. In this application, subjects are not at risk of injury during recovery periods or other illness, changes in jobs, or other reasons. Previous applications of proportional hazards regression in frailty models have not needed to account for the changing composition of the risk set which is required to adequately model occupational injury data. Published in 1999 by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. This article is a US Government work and is in the public domain in the United States. JF - Statistics in medicine AU - Wassell, J T AU - Wojciechowski, W C AU - Landen, D D AD - Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, Division of Safety Research, 1095 Willowdale Road, Morgantown, WV 26505-2888, USA. jtw2@cdc.gov Y1 - 1999/12/15/ PY - 1999 DA - 1999 Dec 15 SP - 3355 EP - 3363 VL - 18 IS - 23 SN - 0277-6715, 0277-6715 KW - Index Medicus KW - Humans KW - Cohort Studies KW - Adult KW - Adolescent KW - Time Factors KW - Recurrence KW - Proportional Hazards Models KW - Wounds and Injuries -- epidemiology KW - Power Plants KW - Occupational Diseases -- epidemiology KW - Models, Statistical UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/69372787?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Statistics+in+medicine&rft.atitle=Recurrent+injury+event-time+analysis.&rft.au=Wassell%2C+J+T%3BWojciechowski%2C+W+C%3BLanden%2C+D+D&rft.aulast=Wassell&rft.aufirst=J&rft.date=1999-12-15&rft.volume=18&rft.issue=23&rft.spage=3355&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Statistics+in+medicine&rft.issn=02776715&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 2000-02-07 N1 - Date created - 2000-02-07 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Traumatic brain injury in the United States: A public health perspective. AN - 85312416; pmid-10671706 AB - Traumatic brain injury (TBI) is a leading cause of death and disability among persons in the United States. Each year, an estimated 1.5 million Americans sustain a TBI. As a result of these injuries, 50,000 people die, 230,000 people are hospitalized and survive, and an estimated 80,000-90,000 people experience the onset of long-term disability. Rates of TBI-related hospitalization have declined nearly 50% since 1980, a phenomenon that may be attributed, in part, to successes in injury prevention and also to changes in hospital admission practices that shift the care of persons with less severe TBI from inpatient to outpatient settings. The magnitude of TBI in the United States requires public health measures to prevent these injuries and to improve their consequences. State surveillance systems can provide reliable data on injury causes and risk factors, identify trends in TBI incidence, enable the development of cause-specific prevention strategies focused on populations at greatest risk, and monitor the effectiveness of such programs. State follow-up registries, built on surveillance systems, can provide more information regarding the frequency and nature of disabilities associated with TBI. This information can help states and communities to design, implement, and evaluate cost-effective programs for people living with TBI and for their families, addressing acute care, rehabilitation, and vocational, school, and community support. JF - The Journal of head trauma rehabilitation AU - Thurman, D J AU - Alverson, C AU - Dunn, K A AU - Guerrero, J AU - Sniezek, J E AD - National Center for Injury Prevention and Control, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia 30341-3724, USA. dxt9@cdc.gov Y1 - 1999/12// PY - 1999 DA - December 1999 SP - 602 EP - 615 VL - 14 IS - 6 SN - 0885-9701, 0885-9701 KW - Index Medicus KW - National Library of Medicine KW - Humans KW - Brain Injuries -- rehabilitation KW - Aged KW - Child KW - Brain Injuries -- classification KW - Brain Injuries -- prevention & control KW - Cause of Death KW - Population Surveillance KW - Aged, 80 and over KW - Cost-Benefit Analysis KW - Adult KW - Disabled Persons -- statistics & numerical data KW - Patient Admission -- statistics & numerical data KW - Brain Injuries -- epidemiology KW - Hospitalization -- statistics & numerical data KW - Adolescent KW - Public Health -- economics KW - Male KW - Brain Injuries -- economics KW - Public Health -- statistics & numerical data KW - Brain Injuries -- mortality KW - Child, Preschool KW - Registries KW - Health Planning KW - Survival Rate KW - Ambulatory Care -- statistics & numerical data KW - Risk Factors KW - Incidence KW - Middle Aged KW - Follow-Up Studies KW - United States -- epidemiology KW - Female UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/85312416?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Acomdisdome&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Journal+of+head+trauma+rehabilitation&rft.atitle=Traumatic+brain+injury+in+the+United+States%3A+A+public+health+perspective.&rft.au=Thurman%2C+D+J%3BAlverson%2C+C%3BDunn%2C+K+A%3BGuerrero%2C+J%3BSniezek%2C+J+E&rft.aulast=Thurman&rft.aufirst=D&rft.date=1999-12-01&rft.volume=14&rft.issue=6&rft.spage=602&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=The+Journal+of+head+trauma+rehabilitation&rft.issn=08859701&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ComDisDome N1 - Date revised - 2009-01-15 N1 - Last updated - 2010-05-07 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Infantile hypertrophic pyloric stenosis after pertussis prophylaxis with erythromcyin: a case review and cohort study. AN - 69372452; 10609814 AB - In February, 1999, a local US health department identified a cluster of pertussis cases among neonates born at a community hospital and recommended oral erythromycin for post-exposure prophylaxis for about 200 neonates born at that hospital between Feb 1 and Feb 24, 1999. We investigated a cluster of seven cases of infantile hypertrophic pyloric stenosis (IHPS) that occurred the following month among the neonates who had received erythromycin. We obtained a masked, independent review of the IHPS ultrasonography diagnoses, calculated the monthly IHPS incidence, and compared index and historical (1998-99) IHPS cases with respect to several characteristics including erythromycin exposure. We used a retrospective cohort of infants born in January and February, 1999, to investigate further erythromycin exposure and development of IHPS. An independent review confirmed the ultrasonographic diagnoses of all seven index IHPS cases. All index cases versus none of the historical IHPS cases had been given erythromycin for pertussis prophylaxis. The IHPS rate for infants born in the hospital in February, 1999, was 32.3 per 1000 liveborn infants, representing nearly a seven-fold increase over 1997-98 (relative risk 6.8 [95% CI 3.0-15.7]). Among infants born in January and February, 1999, erythromycin was associated with IHPS (absolute risk 4.5%, relative risk infinity [1.7-infinity]). Neonates receiving oral erythromycin may have an increased risk of IHPS. The risks and benefits of erythromycin for neonatal pertussis prophylaxis should be re-evaluated, and caution should be used in defining risk groups for prophylaxis. JF - Lancet (London, England) AU - Honein, M A AU - Paulozzi, L J AU - Himelright, I M AU - Lee, B AU - Cragan, J D AU - Patterson, L AU - Correa, A AU - Hall, S AU - Erickson, J D AD - Division of Birth Defects, Child Development, and Disability and Health, National Center for Environmental Health, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA 30341-3724, USA. mrh7@cdc.gov PY - 1999 SP - 2101 EP - 2105 VL - 354 IS - 9196 SN - 0140-6736, 0140-6736 KW - Erythromycin KW - 63937KV33D KW - Abridged Index Medicus KW - Index Medicus KW - Administration, Oral KW - Hospitals, Community KW - Humans KW - Gestational Age KW - Infant, Newborn KW - Retrospective Studies KW - Ultrasonography KW - Hypertrophy KW - Risk Factors KW - Tennessee -- epidemiology KW - Cohort Studies KW - Incidence KW - Female KW - Male KW - Pyloric Stenosis -- epidemiology KW - Whooping Cough -- prevention & control KW - Erythromycin -- therapeutic use KW - Erythromycin -- adverse effects KW - Pyloric Stenosis -- chemically induced KW - Pyloric Stenosis -- diagnostic imaging KW - Erythromycin -- administration & dosage UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/69372452?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Lancet+%28London%2C+England%29&rft.atitle=Infantile+hypertrophic+pyloric+stenosis+after+pertussis+prophylaxis+with+erythromcyin%3A+a+case+review+and+cohort+study.&rft.au=Honein%2C+M+A%3BPaulozzi%2C+L+J%3BHimelright%2C+I+M%3BLee%2C+B%3BCragan%2C+J+D%3BPatterson%2C+L%3BCorrea%2C+A%3BHall%2C+S%3BErickson%2C+J+D&rft.aulast=Honein&rft.aufirst=M&rft.date=1999-12-01&rft.volume=354&rft.issue=9196&rft.spage=2101&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Lancet+%28London%2C+England%29&rft.issn=01406736&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 2000-01-11 N1 - Date created - 2000-01-11 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - SuppNotes - Erratum In: Lancet 2000 Feb 26;355(9205):758 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Evaluation of selected characteristics of pregnancy drug registries. AN - 69343065; 10590397 AB - Given that half of U.S. pregnancies are unintended and some prescription drugs are frequently used by reproductive-age women, there is an increasing interest in establishing pregnancy registries to monitor fetal exposures and pregnancy outcomes. Physicians report prenatal exposures and pregnancy outcomes, including birth defects, to these registries. We compared pooled data from four pregnancy registries with data from a population-based birth defects surveillance system, the Metropolitan Atlanta Congenital Defects Program (MACDP); specifically we compared the defect prevalence by organ system and severity, the number of defects per baby, and timeliness. We also compared the number of zidovudine exposures identified by a registry to the number identified by 29 states with HIV surveillance. The registries' overall defect prevalence (41/1471, 2.7%) was slightly lower than MACDP (6157/195642, 3.2%). The defect prevalence by organ system was similar, except for genitourinary defects which had a lower prevalence in the registries than in MACDP (RR = 0.22; 95% CI = 0.07,0.67). The prevalence of having an internal defect or severe defect reported was lower in the registries (RR = 0.75, 95% CI = 0.53,1.06, and RR = 0.82, 95% CI = 0. 57,1.19, respectively). The mean number of defects identified per affected infant was 2.82 in MACDP and 1.68 in the registries. Both systems received 69% of defect reports by 6 months after birth. In similar 6-month periods, U.S. HIV surveillance identified 300 prenatal zidovudine exposures, while the registry received 134 worldwide reports. If registries improve their ascertainment of defects and exposed pregnancies, they will increase their chance of detecting signs of possible teratogenicity. Teratology 60:356-364, 1999. Published 1999 Wiley-Liss, Inc. JF - Teratology AU - Honein, M A AU - Paulozzi, L J AU - Cragan, J D AU - Correa, A AD - Epidemic Intelligence Service, Epidemiology Program Office, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia 30341, USA. mrh7@cdc.gov Y1 - 1999/12// PY - 1999 DA - December 1999 SP - 356 EP - 364 VL - 60 IS - 6 SN - 0040-3709, 0040-3709 KW - Index Medicus KW - United States KW - Reproducibility of Results KW - Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (U.S.) KW - Epidemiologic Methods KW - Humans KW - Infant, Newborn KW - Pregnancy KW - Infant KW - Risk KW - Prospective Studies KW - Georgia -- epidemiology KW - Case-Control Studies KW - Urban Population KW - Female KW - Prevalence KW - Registries KW - Congenital Abnormalities -- classification KW - Congenital Abnormalities -- epidemiology KW - Prenatal Exposure Delayed Effects KW - Pregnancy Outcome KW - Drug Prescriptions -- statistics & numerical data UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/69343065?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Teratology&rft.atitle=Evaluation+of+selected+characteristics+of+pregnancy+drug+registries.&rft.au=Honein%2C+M+A%3BPaulozzi%2C+L+J%3BCragan%2C+J+D%3BCorrea%2C+A&rft.aulast=Honein&rft.aufirst=M&rft.date=1999-12-01&rft.volume=60&rft.issue=6&rft.spage=356&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Teratology&rft.issn=00403709&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 2000-01-06 N1 - Date created - 2000-01-06 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Tick paralysis: 33 human cases in Washington State, 1946-1996. AN - 69342119; 10585792 AB - Tick paralysis is a preventable cause of illness and death that, when diagnosed promptly, requires simple, low-cost intervention (tick removal). We reviewed information on cases of tick paralysis that were reported to the Washington State Department of Health (Seattle) during 1946-1996. Thirty-three cases of tick paralysis were identified, including 2 in children who died. Most of the patients were female (76%), and most cases (82%) occurred in children aged <8 years. Nearly all cases with information on site of probable exposure indicated exposure east of the Cascade Mountains. Onset of illness occurred from March 14 to June 22. Of the 28 patients for whom information regarding hospitalization was available, 54% were hospitalized. Dermacentor andersoni was consistently identified when information on the tick species was reported. This large series of cases of tick paralysis demonstrates the predictable epidemiology of this disease. Improving health care provider awareness of tick paralysis could help limit morbidity and mortality due to this disease. JF - Clinical infectious diseases : an official publication of the Infectious Diseases Society of America AU - Dworkin, M S AU - Shoemaker, P C AU - Anderson, D E AD - Division of HIV/AIDS Prevention, National Center for HIV, STD, and TB Prevention, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA 30333, USA. mdd3@cdc.gov. Y1 - 1999/12// PY - 1999 DA - December 1999 SP - 1435 EP - 1439 VL - 29 IS - 6 SN - 1058-4838, 1058-4838 KW - Index Medicus KW - Infant KW - Animals KW - Washington KW - Aged, 80 and over KW - Humans KW - Aged KW - Middle Aged KW - Male KW - Female KW - Child, Preschool KW - Tick Infestations -- parasitology KW - Tick Paralysis -- etiology KW - Dermacentor KW - Tick Paralysis -- pathology KW - Tick Infestations -- complications UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/69342119?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Clinical+infectious+diseases+%3A+an+official+publication+of+the+Infectious+Diseases+Society+of+America&rft.atitle=Tick+paralysis%3A+33+human+cases+in+Washington+State%2C+1946-1996.&rft.au=Dworkin%2C+M+S%3BShoemaker%2C+P+C%3BAnderson%2C+D+E&rft.aulast=Dworkin&rft.aufirst=M&rft.date=1999-12-01&rft.volume=29&rft.issue=6&rft.spage=1435&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Clinical+infectious+diseases+%3A+an+official+publication+of+the+Infectious+Diseases+Society+of+America&rft.issn=10584838&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 2000-02-24 N1 - Date created - 2000-02-24 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Assessment of reliability of lung function screening programs or longitudinal studies. AN - 69339954; 10588621 AB - The aim was to determine reliability of lung function measurements performed according to recommendations of the American Thoracic Society (ATS) at a screening program in a large South African gold mine and to determine the usefulness of the reliability coefficient G for monitoring the reliability of lung function measurements in a mass screening program. The reliability coefficient G estimates the amount of random error of measurement, relative to the total variation in a measurement. The coefficient G was calculated as a correlation coefficient between two consecutive lung function tests performed within 6 mo, over a period of 43 mo on 3,378 miners. There was significant temporal variability in the reliability. For FEV(1), the coefficient G showed increased variability over the first 5 mo and stabilized at a value of 0.93 for the next 23 mo, after which it systematically declined over the next 15 mo. We estimated that in a large screening program, an optimal sample size of around 900 miners, examined randomly throughout the year, on a yearly basis, would provide a sufficient sample to examine monthly or quarterly fluctuation in the reliability. The value of the reliability coefficient G did not change when the time between two consecutive tests increased up to 15 mo. In conclusion, monitoring of lung function reliability in a screening program by the reliability coefficient G should improve data quality, and provide a measure on which the confidence in a decision-making process could be based when examining temporal changes in lung function for individual subjects. JF - American journal of respiratory and critical care medicine AU - Hnizdo, E AU - Churchyard, G AU - Barnes, D AU - Dowdeswell, R AD - National Center for Occupational Health, Johannesburg, South Africa. EXH6@cdc.gov Y1 - 1999/12// PY - 1999 DA - December 1999 SP - 2006 EP - 2011 VL - 160 IS - 6 SN - 1073-449X, 1073-449X KW - Gold KW - 7440-57-5 KW - Abridged Index Medicus KW - Index Medicus KW - Occupational Diseases -- diagnosis KW - Reproducibility of Results KW - Vital Capacity KW - Humans KW - Adult KW - Mining KW - Lung Diseases, Obstructive -- diagnosis KW - Longitudinal Studies KW - Forced Expiratory Volume KW - Male KW - Respiratory Function Tests KW - Mass Screening UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/69339954?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=American+journal+of+respiratory+and+critical+care+medicine&rft.atitle=Assessment+of+reliability+of+lung+function+screening+programs+or+longitudinal+studies.&rft.au=Hnizdo%2C+E%3BChurchyard%2C+G%3BBarnes%2C+D%3BDowdeswell%2C+R&rft.aulast=Hnizdo&rft.aufirst=E&rft.date=1999-12-01&rft.volume=160&rft.issue=6&rft.spage=2006&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=American+journal+of+respiratory+and+critical+care+medicine&rft.issn=1073449X&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 2000-04-03 N1 - Date created - 2000-04-03 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Differences in Sexual Behavior between HIV-Infected Pregnant Women and Their Husbands in Bangkok, Thailand AN - 61666145; 200003531 AB - In an antenatal clinic in Bangkok, Thailand, interviews were conducted with 102 HIV (human immunodeficiency virus)-infected pregnant women & their husbands, 30% of whom were HIV-negative. The data were evaluated by matched & unmatched analysis, comparing men & women in stable couple relationships on a number of sociodemographic & risk factor indicators & investigating whether there were any differences between HIV-serodiscordant & -concordant couples. The two groups did not differ greatly except that women married to HIV-negative men were more likely than their husbands to have been divorced or separated, which was not the case for women married to HIV-positive men. There was poor agreement between husband & wife reports of husband risk behavior, but this did not differ between concordant & discordant couples. These findings suggest that assessment of risk & counseling of Thai women is incomplete without information on the HIV status & risk behavior of her partner. Prevention strategies to decrease heterosexual transmission among couples need to target both the man & the woman. 4 Tables, 31 References. Adapted from the source document. JF - AIDS Care AU - Bennetts, A AU - Shaffer, N AU - Phophong, P AU - Chaiyakul, P AU - Mock, P A AU - Neeyapun, K AU - Bhadrakom, C AU - Mastro, T D AD - c/o Mastro -- HIV/AIDS Collaboration, Ministry Public Health, Nonthaburi, Thailand Y1 - 1999/12// PY - 1999 DA - December 1999 SP - 649 EP - 661 VL - 11 IS - 6 SN - 0954-0121, 0954-0121 KW - Husbands KW - Marital Relations KW - Risk KW - Sexual Behavior KW - Wives KW - Bangkok, Thailand KW - Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndrome KW - Sociodemographic Factors KW - article KW - 6126: acquired immune deficiency syndrome (AIDS) UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/61666145?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Asocialservices&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=AIDS+Care&rft.atitle=Differences+in+Sexual+Behavior+between+HIV-Infected+Pregnant+Women+and+Their+Husbands+in+Bangkok%2C+Thailand&rft.au=Bennetts%2C+A%3BShaffer%2C+N%3BPhophong%2C+P%3BChaiyakul%2C+P%3BMock%2C+P+A%3BNeeyapun%2C+K%3BBhadrakom%2C+C%3BMastro%2C+T+D&rft.aulast=Bennetts&rft.aufirst=A&rft.date=1999-12-01&rft.volume=11&rft.issue=6&rft.spage=649&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=AIDS+Care&rft.issn=09540121&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - Social Services Abstracts N1 - Date revised - 2007-05-01 N1 - Last updated - 2016-09-28 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Sexual Behavior; Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndrome; Marital Relations; Bangkok, Thailand; Husbands; Wives; Risk; Sociodemographic Factors ER - TY - JOUR T1 - ATSDR evaluation of health effects of chemicals. VI. di(2-ethylhexyl)phthalate AN - 17518939; 4706678 AB - Di(2-ethylhexyl)phthalate (also known as DEHP, bis(2-ethylhexyl)phthalate, or BEHP; CAS Registry Number 117-81-7) is a widely-used plasticizer. It is found in numerous plastic articles, such as paints, inks, floor tiles, upholstery, shower curtains, footwear, plastic bags, food-packaging materials, toys, and medical tubing. Not surprisingly, DEHP appears at many waste sites. As part of its mandate, the Agency for Toxic Substances and Disease Registry (ATSDR) prepares toxicological profiles on hazardous chemicals that are of greatest public health concern at Comprehensive Environmental Response, Compensation, and Liability Act (CERCLA) National Priority List (NPL) sites. These profiles comprehensively summarize toxicological and environmental information. This article constitutes the release of the bulk of ATSDR's profile for DEHP (ATSDR, 1993) into the mainstream scientific literature. An extensive listing of human and animal health effects, organized by route, duration, and endpoint, is presented. Toxicological information on toxicokinetics, biomarkers, interactions, sensitive subpopulations, reducing toxicity after exposure, and relevance to public health is also included. Environmental information encompasses physical properties, production and use, environmental fate, levels seen in the environment, analytical methods, and a listing of regulations. ATSDR, at the behest of Congress and therefore the citizenry, prepares these profiles to inform the public about site contaminants. JF - Toxicology and Industrial Health AU - Fay, M AU - Donohue, J M AU - De Rosa, C AD - Agency for Toxic Substances and Disease Registry, 1600 Clifton Road, Mailstop E-29, Atlanta, GA 30333, USA, rmf4@cdc.gov Y1 - 1999/12// PY - 1999 DA - Dec 1999 SP - 651 EP - 742 VL - 15 IS - 8 SN - 0748-2337, 0748-2337 KW - plasticizers KW - bis(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate KW - Risk Abstracts; Health & Safety Science Abstracts; Pollution Abstracts; Toxicology Abstracts KW - Plasticizers KW - Government policy KW - Public health KW - Waste disposal sites KW - Chemical pollution KW - Plastics KW - Toxicity KW - Hazardous materials KW - X 24230:Legislation & recommended standards KW - H 14000:Toxicology KW - R2 23060:Medical and environmental health KW - P 6000:TOXICOLOGY AND HEALTH UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/17518939?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Ariskabstracts&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Toxicology+and+Industrial+Health&rft.atitle=ATSDR+evaluation+of+health+effects+of+chemicals.+VI.+di%282-ethylhexyl%29phthalate&rft.au=Fay%2C+M%3BDonohue%2C+J+M%3BDe+Rosa%2C+C&rft.aulast=Fay&rft.aufirst=M&rft.date=1999-12-01&rft.volume=15&rft.issue=8&rft.spage=651&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Toxicology+and+Industrial+Health&rft.issn=07482337&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Plastics; Public health; Hazardous materials; Chemical pollution; Waste disposal sites; Toxicity; Plasticizers; Government policy ER - TY - JOUR T1 - A tale of two cities: HIV risk behaviours among injecting drug users in Hanoi and Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam AN - 17480213; 4680759 AB - The aim of this study was to describe and highlight HIV drug risk behaviours among injecting drug users (IDUs) in Hanoi and Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam. Using a cross-sectional design 470 IDUs (Hanoi, n = 302; Ho Chi Minh City, n = 168) were recruited and interviewed by trained interviewers. The IDUs in Ho Chi Minh City were older, more likely to be employed and less likely to be single than those in Hanoi. History of injecting also varied: on average, IDUs in Ho Chi Minh City had been injecting longer (17 years in Ho Chi Minh City compared with 3 years in Hanoi). Three-quarters of the IDUs injected at least once a day and a similar proportion had their last injections administered by someone else. Eighty-two per cent had seen and/or read something on HIV/AIDS and 73% mentioned to have initiated risk reduction; however, no significant difference was found between two cities. Even though there is a significant difference between IDUs in Hanoi and Ho Chi Minh City in terms of certain risk behaviours, the IDUs in both cities continue to expose themselves to HIV infection. In addition, no significant difference was observed between the IDUs in these two cities in terms of initiating HIV risk reduction, even though prevention programmes were implemented in Ho Chi Minh City earlier than in Hanoi. The presence of high-risk behaviours and absence of any meaningful risk reduction among IDUs in both cities indicate the need for intensive targeted intervention. JF - Drug and Alcohol Review AU - Abdul-Quader, A S AU - Quan, V M AU - O'Reilly, K AD - 3104 Rockaway Road, Atlanta, GA 30341, USA, afa3@cdc.gov Y1 - 1999/12// PY - 1999 DA - Dec 1999 SP - 401 EP - 407 VL - 18 IS - 4 SN - 0959-5236, 0959-5236 KW - HIV KW - Vietnam KW - drug abuse KW - Risk Abstracts; Health & Safety Science Abstracts; Virology & AIDS Abstracts KW - Human immunodeficiency virus KW - Drug abuse KW - Urban areas KW - H 11000:Diseases/Injuries/Trauma KW - V 22006:AIDS: Other aspects KW - R2 23060:Medical and environmental health UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/17480213?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Ariskabstracts&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Drug+and+Alcohol+Review&rft.atitle=A+tale+of+two+cities%3A+HIV+risk+behaviours+among+injecting+drug+users+in+Hanoi+and+Ho+Chi+Minh+City%2C+Vietnam&rft.au=Abdul-Quader%2C+A+S%3BQuan%2C+V+M%3BO%27Reilly%2C+K&rft.aulast=Abdul-Quader&rft.aufirst=A&rft.date=1999-12-01&rft.volume=18&rft.issue=4&rft.spage=401&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Drug+and+Alcohol+Review&rft.issn=09595236&rft_id=info:doi/10.1080%2F09595239996266 LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Human immunodeficiency virus; Urban areas; Drug abuse DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/09595239996266 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Implications of vancomycin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus AN - 17465629; 4672931 AB - Strains of Staphylococcus aureus with reduced susceptibility to glycopeptides have been reported from Japan (multiple strains), the United States (four strains), and Europe (France, the UK and Spain) and the Far East (Hong Kong and Korea). The isolates from the US, France, and strain Mu50 from Japan, demonstrate vancomycin MICs of 8 mu g/mL by broth microdilution testing and appear to have developed from pre-existing methicillin-resistant S. aureus (MRSA) infections. The strain from the UK and other parts of Europe appears heteroresistant to vancomycin and has MICs in the 1-2 mu g/mL range. Many of the isolates with reduced susceptibility to glycopeptides have been associated with therapeutic failures with vancomycin. Although nosocomial spread of the glycopeptide-intermediate S. aureus (GISA) strains has not been observed in US hospitals or in Europe, spread of GISA strains has apparently occurred in Japan. Laboratory studies have indicated that the disk diffusion test, the Stoke's method, and several automated methods of antimicrobial susceptibility testing do not detect GISA strains. The requirement to choose from a relatively small number of acceptable techniques for screening may well influence the ability of laboratories to conduct surveillance for these organisms. Finally, the isolation of such strains in three geographically distinct regions suggests that this phenomenon will continue to occur worldwide. JF - Journal of Hospital Infection AU - Tenover, F C AD - Hospital Infections Program, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA 30333, USA, fnt1@CDC.GOV Y1 - 1999/12// PY - 1999 DA - Dec 1999 SP - S3 EP - S7 VL - 43 SN - 0195-6701, 0195-6701 KW - Microbiology Abstracts B: Bacteriology KW - Screening KW - Methicillin KW - Nosocomial infection KW - Vancomycin KW - Staphylococcus aureus KW - Minimum inhibitory concentration KW - Surveillance KW - Antibiotic resistance KW - J 02795:Antibiotic resistance UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/17465629?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologyb&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Hospital+Infection&rft.atitle=Implications+of+vancomycin-resistant+Staphylococcus+aureus&rft.au=Tenover%2C+F+C&rft.aulast=Tenover&rft.aufirst=F&rft.date=1999-12-01&rft.volume=43&rft.issue=&rft.spage=S3&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+Hospital+Infection&rft.issn=01956701&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Staphylococcus aureus; Antibiotic resistance; Vancomycin; Methicillin; Minimum inhibitory concentration; Nosocomial infection; Screening; Surveillance ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Risk Assessment for Heart Disease and Workplace ETS Exposure among Nonsmokers AN - 17465372; 4670670 AB - In 1994 the U.S. Occupational Health and Safety Administration (OSHA) published a study of risk assessment for heart disease and lung cancer resulting from workplace exposure to environmental tobacco smoke (ETS) among nonsmokers. This assessment is currently being revised. The present article considers different possible approaches to a risk assessment for heart disease among nonsmokers resulting from workplace ETS exposure, reviews the approach taken by OSHA in 1994, and suggests some modifications to that approach. Since 1994 the literature supporting an association between ETS exposure and heart disease among never smokers (sometimes including long-term former smokers) has been strengthened by new studies, including some studies that have specifically considered workplace exposure. A number of these studies are appropriate for inclusion in a meta-analysis, whereas a few may not be due to methodological problems or problems in exposure definition. A meta-analysis of eight relative risks (either rate ratios or odds ratios) for heart disease resulting from workplace ETS exposure, based on one reasonable selection of appropriate studies, yields a combined relative risk of 1.21 (95% confidence interval [CI], 1.04-1.41). This relative risk, which is similar to that used by OSHA in 1994, yields an excess risk of death from heart disease by age 70 of 7 per 1000 (95% CI 0.001-0.013) resulting from ETS exposure in the workplace. This excess risk exceeds OSHA's usual threshold for regulation of 1 per 1000. Approximately 1,710 excess ischemic heart disease deaths per year would expected among nonsmoking U.S. workers 35-69 years of age exposed to workplace ETS. JF - Environmental Health Perspectives AU - Steenland, K AD - MS R13, NIOSH, 4676 Columbia Parkway, Cincinnati, OH 45226, USA, kns1@cdc.gov Y1 - 1999/12// PY - 1999 DA - Dec 1999 SP - 859 EP - 863 VL - 107 SN - 0091-6765, 0091-6765 KW - man KW - Health & Safety Science Abstracts; Risk Abstracts; Toxicology Abstracts KW - Risk assessment KW - Cigarette smoke KW - Passive smoking KW - Cardiovascular diseases KW - Occupational exposure KW - Heart diseases KW - R2 23080:Industrial and labor KW - H 11000:Diseases/Injuries/Trauma KW - X 24180:Social poisons & drug abuse UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/17465372?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Ariskabstracts&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Environmental+Health+Perspectives&rft.atitle=Risk+Assessment+for+Heart+Disease+and+Workplace+ETS+Exposure+among+Nonsmokers&rft.au=Steenland%2C+K&rft.aulast=Steenland&rft.aufirst=K&rft.date=1999-12-01&rft.volume=107&rft.issue=&rft.spage=859&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Environmental+Health+Perspectives&rft.issn=00916765&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Passive smoking; Occupational exposure; Cardiovascular diseases; Cigarette smoke; Risk assessment; Heart diseases ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Mortality Patterns Among Electrical Workers Employed in the U.S. Construction Industry, 1982-1987 AN - 17441261; 4656981 AB - Background Studies of electrical workers in the utility and manufacturing industries have reported excess site-specific cancer. No previous studies of electrical workers in the construction industry have been conducted. Methods Our study evaluated the mortality patterns of 31,068 U.S. members of the International Brotherhood of Electrical Workers who primarily worked in the construction industry and died 1982-1987. Results Comparison to the U.S. population by using the NIOSH life table showed significantly elevated proportionate mortality for many causes. Excess mortality for leukemia (proportionate mortality ratio (PMR) = 115) and brain tumors (PMR = 136) is similar to reports of electrical workers with occupational exposure to electric and magnetic fields in the electric utility or manufacturing industry. Excess deaths due to melanoma skin cancer (PMR = 123) are consistent with findings of other PCB-exposed workers. A significantly elevated PMR was observed for the diseases caused by asbestos: lung cancer (PMR = 117), asbestosis (PMR = 247), and malignant mesothelioma (PMR = 356) and from fatal injuries, particularly electrocutions (PMR = 1180). The findings of statistically significant excess deaths for prostate cancer (PMR = 107), musculoskeletal disease (PMR = 130), suicide (PMR = 113), and disorders of the blood-forming organs (PMR = 141) were unexpected. Conclusion Results suggest that more detailed investigations of occupational risk factors and evaluation of preventive practices are needed to prevent excess mortality in this hazardous occupation. JF - American Journal of Industrial Medicine AU - Robinson, C F AU - Petersen, M AU - Palu, S AD - NIOSH, DSHEFS, Mail Stop R-44, 4676 Columbia Parkway, Cincinnati, OH 45226 USA, cpr2@cdc.gov Y1 - 1999/12// PY - 1999 DA - Dec 1999 SP - 630 EP - 637 VL - 36 IS - 6 SN - 0271-3586, 0271-3586 KW - man KW - electricians KW - melanoma KW - Health & Safety Science Abstracts; Toxicology Abstracts KW - Risk assessment KW - Mortality KW - Brain KW - Tumors KW - Cancer KW - Magnetic fields KW - Leukemia KW - Electric fields KW - Carcinogenesis KW - Construction industry KW - Occupational exposure KW - X 24210:Radiation & radioactive materials KW - H 1000:Occupational Safety and Health UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/17441261?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxicologyabstracts&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=American+Journal+of+Industrial+Medicine&rft.atitle=Mortality+Patterns+Among+Electrical+Workers+Employed+in+the+U.S.+Construction+Industry%2C+1982-1987&rft.au=Robinson%2C+C+F%3BPetersen%2C+M%3BPalu%2C+S&rft.aulast=Robinson&rft.aufirst=C&rft.date=1999-12-01&rft.volume=36&rft.issue=6&rft.spage=630&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=American+Journal+of+Industrial+Medicine&rft.issn=02713586&rft_id=info:doi/10.1002%2F%28SICI%291097-0274%28199912%2936%3A63.0.CO%3B2-6 LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Occupational exposure; Cancer; Mortality; Construction industry; Leukemia; Brain; Tumors; Risk assessment; Magnetic fields; Electric fields; Carcinogenesis DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/(SICI)1097-0274(199912)36:6<630::AID-AJIM5>3.0.CO;2-6 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Detection and reporting of organisms producing extended-spectrum beta -lactamases: Survey of laboratories in Connecticut AN - 17350446; 4640563 AB - Extended-spectrum beta -lactamases (ESBLs) are enzymes produced in some gram-negative bacilli that mediate resistance to extended-spectrum cephalosporins and aztreonam. They are most common in Klebsiella spp. and Escherichia coli but are present in a variety of Enterobacteriaceae. Resistance mediated by these enzymes can be difficult to detect depending on the antimicrobial agents tested. AmpC beta -lactamases are related to the chromosomal enzymes of Enterobacter and Citrobacter spp. and also mediate resistance to extended-spectrum cephalosporins and aztreonam in addition to cephamycins, such as cefoxitin. Unlike ESBLs, however, AmpC beta -lactamases are not inhibited by clavulanic acid or other similar compounds. To assess the abilities of various antimicrobial susceptibility testing methods to detect ESBLs, we sent three ESBL-producing organisms, one AmpC-producing organism, and a control strain that was susceptible to extended-spectrum cephalosporins to 38 laboratories in Connecticut for testing. Eight (21.0%) of 38 labs failed to detect extended-spectrum cephalosporin or aztreonam resistance in any of the ESBL- or AmpC-producing isolates. Errors were encountered with both automated and disk diffusion methods. Conversely, seven (18.4%) labs categorized at least some of the four resistant isolates as potential ESBL producers and reported the results with the extended-spectrum cephalosporins and aztreonam as resistant as suggested by current National Committee for Clinical Laboratory Standards (NCCLS) guidelines. The percentage of laboratories that failed to detect resistance in the ESBL or AmpC isolates ranged from 23.7 to 31.6% depending on the type of enzyme present in the test organism. This survey suggests that many laboratories have difficulty detecting resistance in ESBL and AmpC-producing organisms and may be unaware of the NCCLS guidelines on modifying susceptibility testing reports for ESBL-producing strains. JF - Journal of Clinical Microbiology AU - Tenover, F C AU - Mohammed, MJ AU - Gorton, T S AU - Dembek, Z F AD - Nosocomial Pathogens Laboratory Branch (G08), Hospital Infections Program, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, 1600 Clifton Rd., Atlanta, GA 30333, USA, fnt1@CDC.GOV Y1 - 1999/12// PY - 1999 DA - Dec 1999 SP - 4065 EP - 4070 VL - 37 IS - 12 SN - 0095-1137, 0095-1137 KW - USA, Connecticut KW - Microbiology Abstracts A: Industrial & Applied Microbiology; Microbiology Abstracts B: Bacteriology KW - Aztreonam KW - Cephalosporins KW - Enterobacter KW - Ampicillin KW - Klebsiella KW - Citrobacter KW - Antibiotic sensitivity testing KW - Escherichia coli KW - Antibiotic resistance KW - A 01064:Microbial resistance KW - J 02795:Antibiotic resistance UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/17350446?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologyb&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Clinical+Microbiology&rft.atitle=Detection+and+reporting+of+organisms+producing+extended-spectrum+beta+-lactamases%3A+Survey+of+laboratories+in+Connecticut&rft.au=Tenover%2C+F+C%3BMohammed%2C+MJ%3BGorton%2C+T+S%3BDembek%2C+Z+F&rft.aulast=Tenover&rft.aufirst=F&rft.date=1999-12-01&rft.volume=37&rft.issue=12&rft.spage=4065&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+Clinical+Microbiology&rft.issn=00951137&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Citrobacter; Enterobacter; Escherichia coli; Klebsiella; Antibiotic sensitivity testing; Antibiotic resistance; Cephalosporins; Ampicillin; Aztreonam ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Methods for improved detection of oxacillin resistance in coagulase-negative staphylococci: Results of a multicenter study AN - 17349260; 4640562 AB - A multilaboratory study was undertaken to determine the accuracy of the current National Committee for Clinical Laboratory Standards (NCCLS) oxacillin breakpoints for broth microdilution and disk diffusion testing of coagulase-negative staphylococci (CoNS) by using a PCR assay for mecA as the reference method. Fifty well-characterized strains of CoNS were tested for oxacillin susceptibility by the NCCLS broth microdilution and disk diffusion procedures in 11 laboratories. In addition, organisms were inoculated onto a pair of commercially prepared oxacillin agar screen plates containing 6 mu g of oxacillin per ml and 4% NaCl. The results of this study and of several other published reports suggest that, in order to reliably detect the presence of resistance mediated by mecA, the oxacillin MIC breakpoint for defining resistance in CoNS should be lowered from greater than or equal to 4 to greater than or equal to 0.5 mu g/ml and the breakpoint for susceptibility should be lowered from less than or equal to 2 to less than or equal to 0.25 mu g/ml. In addition, a single disk diffusion breakpoint of less than or equal to 17 mm for resistance and greater than or equal to 18 mm for susceptibility is suggested. Due to the poor sensitivity of the oxacillin agar screen plate for predicting resistance in this study, this test can no longer be recommended for use with CoNS. The proposed interpretive criteria for testing CoNS have been adopted by the NCCLS. JF - Journal of Clinical Microbiology AU - Tenover, F C AU - Jones, R N AU - Swenson, J M AU - Zimmer, B AU - McAllister, S AU - Jorgensen, J H AD - Nosocomial Pathogens Laboratory Branch (G08), Hospital Infections Program, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, 1600 Clifton Rd., Atlanta, GA 30333, USA, fnt1@CDC.GOV Y1 - 1999/12// PY - 1999 DA - Dec 1999 SP - 4051 EP - 4058 VL - 37 IS - 12 SN - 0095-1137, 0095-1137 KW - mecA gene KW - Microbiology Abstracts A: Industrial & Applied Microbiology; Microbiology Abstracts B: Bacteriology KW - Antibacterial agents KW - Antibiotic resistance KW - Coagulase test KW - Staphylococcus KW - Staphylococcus haemolyticus KW - Staphylococcus simulans KW - Staphylococcus hominis KW - Staphylococcus saprophyticus KW - Antibiotic sensitivity testing KW - Polymerase chain reaction KW - Oxacillin KW - Minimum inhibitory concentration KW - Staphylococcus epidermidis KW - J 02785:Beta-lactam antibiotics KW - A 01064:Microbial resistance KW - A 01076:Penicillins KW - J 02795:Antibiotic resistance UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/17349260?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologyb&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Clinical+Microbiology&rft.atitle=Methods+for+improved+detection+of+oxacillin+resistance+in+coagulase-negative+staphylococci%3A+Results+of+a+multicenter+study&rft.au=Tenover%2C+F+C%3BJones%2C+R+N%3BSwenson%2C+J+M%3BZimmer%2C+B%3BMcAllister%2C+S%3BJorgensen%2C+J+H&rft.aulast=Tenover&rft.aufirst=F&rft.date=1999-12-01&rft.volume=37&rft.issue=12&rft.spage=4051&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+Clinical+Microbiology&rft.issn=00951137&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Staphylococcus; Staphylococcus epidermidis; Staphylococcus haemolyticus; Staphylococcus hominis; Staphylococcus saprophyticus; Staphylococcus simulans; Antibiotic sensitivity testing; Antibiotic resistance; Antibacterial agents; Coagulase test; Polymerase chain reaction; Minimum inhibitory concentration; Oxacillin ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Rapid identification of Campylobacter, Arcobacter, and Helicobacter isolates by PCR-restriction fragment length polymorphism analysis of the 16S rRNA gene AN - 17345408; 4640572 AB - A rapid two-step identification scheme based on PCR-restriction fragment length polymorphism (PCR-RFLP) analysis of the 16S rRNA gene was developed in order to differentiate isolates belonging to the Campylobacter, Arcobacter, and Helicobacter genera. For 158 isolates (26 reference cultures and 132 clinical isolates), specific RFLP patterns were obtained and species were successfully identified by this assay. JF - Journal of Clinical Microbiology AU - Marshall, S M AU - Melito, P L AU - Woodward, D L AU - Johnson, WM AU - Rodgers, F G AU - Mulvey, M R AD - Canadian Science Centre for Human and Animal Health, Bureau of Microbiology/Laboratory Center for Disease Control, 1015 Arlington St., Winnipeg, Manitoba R3E 3R2, Canada, Michael_Mulvey@hc-sc.gc.ca Y1 - 1999/12// PY - 1999 DA - Dec 1999 SP - 4158 EP - 4160 VL - 37 IS - 12 SN - 0095-1137, 0095-1137 KW - rRNA 16S KW - Microbiology Abstracts B: Bacteriology KW - Helicobacter KW - Genotyping KW - Restriction fragment length polymorphism KW - Polymerase chain reaction KW - Campylobacter KW - Arcobacter KW - J 02710:Identification, taxonomy and typing UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/17345408?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologyb&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Clinical+Microbiology&rft.atitle=Rapid+identification+of+Campylobacter%2C+Arcobacter%2C+and+Helicobacter+isolates+by+PCR-restriction+fragment+length+polymorphism+analysis+of+the+16S+rRNA+gene&rft.au=Marshall%2C+S+M%3BMelito%2C+P+L%3BWoodward%2C+D+L%3BJohnson%2C+WM%3BRodgers%2C+F+G%3BMulvey%2C+M+R&rft.aulast=Marshall&rft.aufirst=S&rft.date=1999-12-01&rft.volume=37&rft.issue=12&rft.spage=4158&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+Clinical+Microbiology&rft.issn=00951137&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Arcobacter; Campylobacter; Helicobacter; Genotyping; Polymerase chain reaction; Restriction fragment length polymorphism ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Surveillance for acute pesticide-related illness during the Medfly eradication program--Florida, 1998. AN - 69304619; 10577491 AB - The Mediterranean fruit fly (Medfly) (Ceratitis capitata, Wiedemann) is an exotic insect that can damage approximately 250 fruit and vegetable plant species and is a serious threat to domestic agriculture. During the spring and summer of 1998, pesticides were used by federal and state agriculture authorities to eradicate Medfly infestations that had been detected in portions of five Florida counties (Table 1). This report summarizes surveillance data, describes probable and possible cases of illness associated with the eradication effort, and provides recommendations for future Medfly-eradication programs. JF - MMWR. Morbidity and mortality weekly report AU - Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) AD - Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) Y1 - 1999/11/12/ PY - 1999 DA - 1999 Nov 12 SP - 1015 EP - 8, 1027 VL - 48 IS - 44 SN - 0149-2195, 0149-2195 KW - Insecticides KW - 0 KW - Malathion KW - U5N7SU872W KW - Index Medicus KW - Acute Disease KW - Animals KW - Humans KW - Poisoning -- epidemiology KW - Aged KW - Child KW - Population Surveillance KW - Child, Preschool KW - Florida -- epidemiology KW - Infant KW - Adult KW - Middle Aged KW - Adolescent KW - Female KW - Male KW - Malathion -- poisoning KW - Insecticides -- poisoning KW - Insecticides -- adverse effects KW - Malathion -- adverse effects KW - Environmental Exposure -- adverse effects KW - Diptera KW - Insect Control UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/69304619?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=MMWR.+Morbidity+and+mortality+weekly+report&rft.atitle=Surveillance+for+acute+pesticide-related+illness+during+the+Medfly+eradication+program--Florida%2C+1998.&rft.au=Centers+for+Disease+Control+and+Prevention+%28CDC%29&rft.aulast=Centers+for+Disease+Control+and+Prevention+%28CDC%29&rft.aufirst=&rft.date=1999-11-12&rft.volume=48&rft.issue=44&rft.spage=1015&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=MMWR.+Morbidity+and+mortality+weekly+report&rft.issn=01492195&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1999-12-01 N1 - Date created - 1999-12-01 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Withdrawal of rotavirus vaccine recommendation. AN - 69305426; 10577495 AB - In July 1999, CDC recommended that health-care providers and parents postpone use of the rhesus rotavirus vaccine-tetravalent (RRV-TV) (RotaShield, Wyeth Laboratories, Inc., Marietta, Pennsylvania), for infants, at least until November 1999. This action was based on reports to the Vaccine Adverse Event Reporting System of intussusception (a type of bowel obstruction that occurs when the bowel folds in on itself) among 15 infants who received rotavirus vaccine. Also at that time, the manufacturer, in consultation with the Food and Drug Administration, voluntarily ceased further distribution of the vaccine. JF - MMWR. Morbidity and mortality weekly report AU - Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) AD - Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) Y1 - 1999/11/05/ PY - 1999 DA - 1999 Nov 05 SP - 1007 VL - 48 IS - 43 SN - 0149-2195, 0149-2195 KW - Rotavirus Vaccines KW - 0 KW - Vaccines, Attenuated KW - Viral Vaccines KW - rhesus rotavirus vaccine KW - Index Medicus KW - United States KW - Infant KW - Humans KW - Viral Vaccines -- administration & dosage KW - Vaccination -- standards KW - Rotavirus -- immunology KW - Vaccines, Attenuated -- administration & dosage KW - Intussusception -- chemically induced KW - Viral Vaccines -- adverse effects KW - Diarrhea, Infantile -- prevention & control KW - Vaccines, Attenuated -- adverse effects UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/69305426?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=MMWR.+Morbidity+and+mortality+weekly+report&rft.atitle=Withdrawal+of+rotavirus+vaccine+recommendation.&rft.au=Centers+for+Disease+Control+and+Prevention+%28CDC%29&rft.aulast=Centers+for+Disease+Control+and+Prevention+%28CDC%29&rft.aufirst=&rft.date=1999-11-05&rft.volume=48&rft.issue=43&rft.spage=1007&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=MMWR.+Morbidity+and+mortality+weekly+report&rft.issn=01492195&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1999-12-02 N1 - Date created - 1999-12-02 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Adverse childhood experiences and smoking during adolescence and adulthood. AN - 69245157; 10553792 AB - In recent years, smoking among adolescents has increased and the decline of adult smoking has slowed to nearly a halt; new insights into tobacco dependency are needed to correct this situation. Long-term use of nicotine has been linked with self-medicating efforts to cope with negative emotional, neurobiological, and social effects of adverse childhood experiences. To assess the relationship between adverse childhood experiences and 5 smoking behaviors. The ACE Study, a retrospective cohort survey including smoking and exposure to 8 categories of adverse childhood experiences (emotional, physical, and sexual abuse; a battered mother; parental separation or divorce; and growing up with a substance-abusing, mentally ill, or incarcerated household member), conducted from August to November 1995 and January to March 1996. A primary care clinic for adult members of a large health maintenance organization in San Diego, Calif. A total of 9215 adults (4958 women and 4257 men with mean [SD] ages of 55.3 [15.7] and 58.1 [14.5] years, respectively) who responded to a survey questionnaire, which was mailed to all patients 1 week after a clinic visit. Smoking initiation by age 14 years or after age 18 years, and status as ever, current, or heavy smoker. At least 1 of 8 categories of adverse childhood experiences was reported by 63% of respondents. After adjusting for age, sex, race, and education, each category showed an increased risk for each smoking behavior, and these risks were comparable for each category of adverse childhood experiences. Compared with those reporting no adverse childhood experiences, persons reporting 5 or more categories had substantially higher risks of early smoking initiation (odds ratio [OR], 5.4; 95% confidence interval [CI], 4.1-7.1), ever smoking (OR, 3.1; 95% CI, 2.6-3.8), current smoking (OR, 2.1; 95% CI, 1.6-2.7), and heavy smoking (OR, 2.8; 95% CI, 1.9-4.2). Each relationship between smoking behavior and the number of adverse childhood experiences was strong and graded (P<.001). For any given number of adverse childhood experiences, recent problems with depressed affect were more common among smokers than among nonsmokers. Smoking was strongly associated with adverse childhood experiences. Primary prevention of adverse childhood experiences and improved treatment of exposed children could reduce smoking among both adolescents and adults. JF - JAMA AU - Anda, R F AU - Croft, J B AU - Felitti, V J AU - Nordenberg, D AU - Giles, W H AU - Williamson, D F AU - Giovino, G A AD - National Center for Chronic Disease Prevention and Health Promotion, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA 30341-3724, USA. Y1 - 1999/11/03/ PY - 1999 DA - 1999 Nov 03 SP - 1652 EP - 1658 VL - 282 IS - 17 SN - 0098-7484, 0098-7484 KW - Abridged Index Medicus KW - Index Medicus KW - Regression Analysis KW - Divorce KW - Humans KW - Retrospective Studies KW - Child KW - Domestic Violence KW - Mental Disorders KW - Risk Factors KW - Adult KW - Substance-Related Disorders KW - Middle Aged KW - Adolescent KW - Female KW - Male KW - Family Characteristics KW - Life Change Events KW - Stress, Psychological KW - Smoking -- epidemiology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/69245157?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=JAMA&rft.atitle=Adverse+childhood+experiences+and+smoking+during+adolescence+and+adulthood.&rft.au=Anda%2C+R+F%3BCroft%2C+J+B%3BFelitti%2C+V+J%3BNordenberg%2C+D%3BGiles%2C+W+H%3BWilliamson%2C+D+F%3BGiovino%2C+G+A&rft.aulast=Anda&rft.aufirst=R&rft.date=1999-11-03&rft.volume=282&rft.issue=17&rft.spage=1652&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=JAMA&rft.issn=00987484&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1999-11-17 N1 - Date created - 1999-11-17 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - SuppNotes - Comment In: JAMA. 2000 Apr 19;283(15):1959; author reply 1959-60 [10789658] JAMA. 2000 Apr 19;283(15):1958-9; author reply 1959-60 [10789657] N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - An application of the NCRP screening techniques to atmospheric radon releases from the former feed materials production center near Fernald, Ohio. National Council on Radiation Protection and Measurements. AN - 70847535; 10524509 AB - The National Council on Radiation Protection and Measurements has published a series of screening models for releases of radionuclides to the environment. These models have been used to prioritize radionuclides being considered in environmental dose reconstructions. The NCRP atmospheric models are also accepted by the U.S. Nuclear Regulatory Commission for demonstrating compliance with the constraint on releases of airborne radioactive materials to the environment from licensees other than power reactors. This study tested the NCRP atmospheric techniques by comparing annual average predicted air concentrations of radon with measured radon concentrations at 14 locations 43 m to 598 m downwind of the former U.S. Department of Energy Feed Materials Production Center (FMPC) near Fernald, Ohio, for the period 2 July 1985 to 2 July 1986. Predictions were made using five different sets of meteorological data as input: (1) NCRP default values; (2) composite FMPC site data; (3) data from the Greater Cincinnati Airport; (4) data from the Dayton, Ohio, airport; and (5) data collected at Miami University, located near Oxford, Ohio. Following are the respective medians and ranges of the ratio of the predicted to observed annual radon air concentrations for each of these sources of meteorological data: (1) 5.2, 0.9-54; (2) 1.4, 0.1-8.2; (3) 0.7, 0.1-7.2; (4) 0.7, 0.1-8.4; and (5) 0.6, 0.1-10. The stated goal of the NCRP models is to predict doses that do not underpredict actual doses by greater than a factor of 10. In this comparison, all of the meteorological data produced air concentration predictions that meet this criteria. However, to ensure that final doses meet this criterion, one would need to carefully evaluate all assumptions used to calculate dose from each of these air concentrations. JF - Health physics AU - Miller, C W AD - Radiation Studies Branch, Division of Environmental Hazards and Health Effects, National Center for Environmental Health, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA 30341-3724, USA. cym3@cdc.gov Y1 - 1999/11// PY - 1999 DA - November 1999 SP - 545 EP - 555 VL - 77 IS - 5 SN - 0017-9078, 0017-9078 KW - Radon KW - Q74S4N8N1G KW - Index Medicus KW - United States KW - Aviation KW - Nuclear Warfare KW - Government Agencies KW - Ohio KW - Radiation Monitoring -- methods KW - Power Plants KW - Meteorological Concepts KW - Radon -- analysis KW - Air Pollution, Radioactive -- analysis UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/70847535?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Health+physics&rft.atitle=An+application+of+the+NCRP+screening+techniques+to+atmospheric+radon+releases+from+the+former+feed+materials+production+center+near+Fernald%2C+Ohio.+National+Council+on+Radiation+Protection+and+Measurements.&rft.au=Miller%2C+C+W&rft.aulast=Miller&rft.aufirst=C&rft.date=1999-11-01&rft.volume=77&rft.issue=5&rft.spage=545&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Health+physics&rft.issn=00179078&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1999-11-01 N1 - Date created - 1999-11-01 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Laterality patterns in infants with external birth defects. AN - 70839919; 10525204 AB - The lateral distribution of external birth defects has not been reported in a comprehensive way, and patterns in this distribution have not been examined. This study presents the lateral distribution of 6,390 unilateral defects from among 102 defect categories in data collected by the Metropolitan Atlanta Congenital Defects Program. Among all defects, 49% (95% CI 48-51%) were right-sided. Among males and females, 51% (95% CI 50-53%) and 47% (95% CI 46-49%) of the defects, respectively, were right-sided. Of the 102 defect types, 57 had an excess of defects on the right side of the body; 39 had an excess of defects on the left side; and 6 were equally distributed. The excess on the right side was statistically significant for inguinal hernia, incarcerated inguinal hernia, microtia, preauricular sinus, talipes calcaneovalgus, and lambdoidal craniosynostosis. For the left side, the excess was statistically significant for preauricular tags, cleft lip, fused lip and cleft gum, cleft lip with cleft palate, congenital hip dysplasia, unstable hip, absent forearm or hand, anomaly of the knee, and skin tags. The percentage of right-sided defects among case subjects with unilateral defects was correlated with the percentage of males among all case subjects (r = 0.24, P 0. 10). Differences in the lateral distribution of specific birth defects may be due to subtle differences in morphogenesis on the left and right sides of the embryo brought about by establishment of left-right asymmetry prior to organogenesis. The fact that more defect categories were right-sided than left-sided may be related to the observation that mitochondrial maturation in rat embryos is delayed on the right side. The right side, therefore, may be more susceptible than the left to defects caused by prenatal hypoxia. The significant correlation between the percentage right-sided and percentage male may then also be related to the observation that male sex hormones lower the mitochondrial respiration rate in rats and increase rat sensitivity to chemical hypoxia. Investigators should consider reporting the laterality of specific defects in both laboratory and epidemiological studies of birth defects. Right- and left-sided defects should perhaps be considered separately in etiologic studies of birth defects. Teratology 60:265-271, 1999. Published 1999 Wiley-Liss, Inc. JF - Teratology AU - Paulozzi, L J AU - Lary, J M AD - National Center for Environmental Health, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia 30341-3724, USA. LBP4@cdc.gov Y1 - 1999/11// PY - 1999 DA - November 1999 SP - 265 EP - 271 VL - 60 IS - 5 SN - 0040-3709, 0040-3709 KW - Index Medicus KW - Rats KW - Body Patterning KW - Animals KW - Georgia -- epidemiology KW - Risk Factors KW - Humans KW - Infant, Newborn KW - Male KW - Gene Expression Regulation, Developmental KW - Female KW - Congenital Abnormalities -- epidemiology KW - Congenital Abnormalities -- etiology KW - Congenital Abnormalities -- pathology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/70839919?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Teratology&rft.atitle=Laterality+patterns+in+infants+with+external+birth+defects.&rft.au=Paulozzi%2C+L+J%3BLary%2C+J+M&rft.aulast=Paulozzi&rft.aufirst=L&rft.date=1999-11-01&rft.volume=60&rft.issue=5&rft.spage=265&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Teratology&rft.issn=00403709&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1999-12-22 N1 - Date created - 1999-12-22 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Injuries related to forklifts and other powered industrial vehicles in automobile manufacturing. AN - 70789339; 10506733 AB - The Bureau of Labor Statistics (BLS), Census of Fatal Occupational Injuries, estimates that approximately 100 workers are fatally injured each year in forklift and other powered industrial vehicle (PIV) incidents, and an estimated 34,000 work-related injuries involving forklifts are treated in U.S. emergency rooms each year. This paper presents a descriptive analysis of 916 incidents involving forklifts and other PIVs that occurred in 54 plants operated by a major U.S. automobile manufacturer over a 3-year period. The injury data were obtained from a company-wide occupational injury and illness surveillance system which was implemented in 1989. The 916 PIV-related incidents resulted in 3 fatalities and 913 nonfatal injuries. The most common incident involved pedestrians (35%) who were struck by a PIV, or the load being carried by a PIV, or a rack or bin that had been struck by a PIV. Of the 913 nonfatal injuries, 41% resulted in an employee missing work and incurred a total of 22,730 lost workdays, an average of 61 days per lost workday incident. Recommendations are presented to reduce the risk of injury, for example by separating PIV and pedestrian traffic, restricting the use of forklifts in an area where a large number of pedestrians travel and improving the training of all personnel who drive PIVs. Am. J. Ind. Med. 36:513-521, 1999. Published 1999 Wiley-Liss, Inc. JF - American journal of industrial medicine AU - Collins, J W AU - Smith, G S AU - Baker, S P AU - Warner, M AD - National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, Division of Safety Research, 1095 Willowdale Road, Morgantown, West Virginia 26505-2888, USA. joc4@cdc.gov Y1 - 1999/11// PY - 1999 DA - November 1999 SP - 513 EP - 521 VL - 36 IS - 5 SN - 0271-3586, 0271-3586 KW - Index Medicus KW - Humans KW - Safety KW - Occupational Diseases -- prevention & control KW - Population Surveillance KW - Occupational Diseases -- mortality KW - Education KW - Risk Factors KW - Adult KW - Incidence KW - Guidelines as Topic KW - Middle Aged KW - Occupational Diseases -- epidemiology KW - Absenteeism KW - United States -- epidemiology KW - Female KW - Male KW - Accidents, Occupational -- prevention & control KW - Wounds and Injuries -- epidemiology KW - Accidents, Occupational -- statistics & numerical data KW - Wounds and Injuries -- prevention & control KW - Accidents, Occupational -- mortality KW - Automobiles KW - Equipment and Supplies -- adverse effects KW - Wounds and Injuries -- mortality UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/70789339?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=American+journal+of+industrial+medicine&rft.atitle=Injuries+related+to+forklifts+and+other+powered+industrial+vehicles+in+automobile+manufacturing.&rft.au=Collins%2C+J+W%3BSmith%2C+G+S%3BBaker%2C+S+P%3BWarner%2C+M&rft.aulast=Collins&rft.aufirst=J&rft.date=1999-11-01&rft.volume=36&rft.issue=5&rft.spage=513&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=American+journal+of+industrial+medicine&rft.issn=02713586&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1999-11-09 N1 - Date created - 1999-11-09 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - A case-control study of forklift and other powered industrial vehicle incidents. AN - 70782696; 10506734 AB - This study examined risk factors associated with forklift and other powered industrial vehicle (PIV) collision injuries with an emphasis on the design of factory traffic systems, the loading and safety features of PIVs, and the characteristics of the drivers. A case-control study examined risk factors for circumstances of injury-producing PIV incidents at eight automotive manufacturing plants between July 1992 and March 1995. A computerized safety and health surveillance system identified 171 incidents where a PIV (forklift 70%, personnel carriers 15%, other 15%) was involved in a collision incident. Site visits were conducted to collect data regarding the factory environment at the collision site, the PIVs involved in the incidents, and driver characteristics. These data were compared with information collected from a random sample of comparison worksites, PIVs, and PIV drivers who had not been involved in a PIV-related incident in the prior 3 years. In half of the cases (86 of 171), an employee (pedestrian) was struck by a PIV or an object being carried by the PIV. The presence of an obstruction that restricted the aisle width increased the odds of a collision incident 1.89 times (95% CI=1.22, 2.86). The presence of overhead mirrors at intersections and blind corners with limited visibility reduced the odds of a PIV collision incident by a third (OR=0.33, 95% CI=0.16, 0.68). When carrying a load, the odds of a PIV being involved in a collision was 1.58 (95% CI=1.03, 2.41) times greater than an unloaded one. Changes in the factory environment, vehicle safety features, and driver and pedestrian training are suggested to reduce the risk of PIV incidents. Am. J. Ind. Med. 36:522-531, 1999. Published 1999 Wiley-Liss, Inc. JF - American journal of industrial medicine AU - Collins, J W AU - Smith, G S AU - Baker, S P AU - Landsittel, D P AU - Warner, M AD - National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, Division of Safety Research, 1095 Willowdale Road, Morgantown, West Virginia 26505-2888, USA. joc4@cdc.gov Y1 - 1999/11// PY - 1999 DA - November 1999 SP - 522 EP - 531 VL - 36 IS - 5 SN - 0271-3586, 0271-3586 KW - Index Medicus KW - Odds Ratio KW - Humans KW - Safety KW - Occupational Diseases -- prevention & control KW - Equipment Safety KW - Workplace KW - Population Surveillance KW - Education KW - Equipment Design KW - Risk Factors KW - Adult KW - Case-Control Studies KW - Confidence Intervals KW - Incidence KW - Middle Aged KW - Occupational Diseases -- epidemiology KW - United States -- epidemiology KW - Accidents, Occupational -- prevention & control KW - Wounds and Injuries -- epidemiology KW - Accidents, Occupational -- statistics & numerical data KW - Wounds and Injuries -- prevention & control KW - Automobiles KW - Equipment and Supplies -- adverse effects UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/70782696?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=American+journal+of+industrial+medicine&rft.atitle=A+case-control+study+of+forklift+and+other+powered+industrial+vehicle+incidents.&rft.au=Collins%2C+J+W%3BSmith%2C+G+S%3BBaker%2C+S+P%3BLandsittel%2C+D+P%3BWarner%2C+M&rft.aulast=Collins&rft.aufirst=J&rft.date=1999-11-01&rft.volume=36&rft.issue=5&rft.spage=522&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=American+journal+of+industrial+medicine&rft.issn=02713586&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1999-11-09 N1 - Date created - 1999-11-09 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Unsafe motor vehicle practices among substance-using college students. AN - 70036101; 10487342 AB - This study examines the relationship between substance use and behaviors that increase the risk for motor vehicle crashes and crash-related injuries. The investigation uses National College Health Risk Behavior Survey data collected in 1995 by the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. These data are representative of 2- and 4-year undergraduate college students in private and public colleges and universities in the United States. Smokers, episodic heavy drinkers, marijuana users and users of illegal drugs in combination with alcohol were significantly more likely to drive after drinking alcohol and ride with a driver who had been drinking alcohol and significantly less likely to wear safety belts while driving or while riding in a car as a passenger. This study indicates that college students who are substance users are more likely to behave in a manner which increases their risk for motor vehicle crashes and motor vehicle crash injuries. JF - Accident; analysis and prevention AU - Everett, S A AU - Lowry, R AU - Cohen, L R AU - Dellinger, A M AD - Division of Adolescent and School Health, National Center for Chronic Disease Prevention and Health Promotion, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA 30341, USA. sce2@cdc.gov Y1 - 1999/11// PY - 1999 DA - November 1999 SP - 667 EP - 673 VL - 31 IS - 6 SN - 0001-4575, 0001-4575 KW - Index Medicus KW - United States KW - Seat Belts -- utilization KW - Risk-Taking KW - Humans KW - Adult KW - Adolescent KW - Male KW - Female KW - Substance-Related Disorders KW - Alcohol Drinking KW - Automobile Driving UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/70036101?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Accident%3B+analysis+and+prevention&rft.atitle=Unsafe+motor+vehicle+practices+among+substance-using+college+students.&rft.au=Everett%2C+S+A%3BLowry%2C+R%3BCohen%2C+L+R%3BDellinger%2C+A+M&rft.aulast=Everett&rft.aufirst=S&rft.date=1999-11-01&rft.volume=31&rft.issue=6&rft.spage=667&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Accident%3B+analysis+and+prevention&rft.issn=00014575&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1999-10-21 N1 - Date created - 1999-10-21 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Alaska's model program for surveillance and prevention of occupational injury deaths. AN - 69431983; 10670623 AB - The National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH) established its Alaska Field Station in Anchorage in 1991 after identifying Alaska as the highest-risk state for traumatic worker fatalities. Since then, the Field Station, working in collaboration with other agencies, organizations, and individuals, has established a program for occupational injury surveillance in Alaska and formed interagency working groups to address the risk factors leading to occupational death and injury in the state. Collaborative efforts have contributed to reducing crash rates and mortality in Alaska's rapidly expanding helicopter logging industry and have played an important supportive role in the substantial progress made in reducing the mortality rate in Alaska's commercial fishing industry (historically Alaska's and America's most dangerous industry). Alaska experienced a 46% overall decline in work-related acute traumatic injury deaths from 1991 to 1998, a 64% decline in commercial fishing deaths, and a very sharp decline in helicopter logging-related deaths. Extending this regional approach to other parts of the country and applying these strategies to the entire spectrum of occupational injury and disease hazards could have a broad effect on reducing occupational injuries. JF - Public health reports (Washington, D.C. : 1974) AU - Conway, G A AU - Lincoln, J M AU - Husberg, B J AU - Manwaring, J C AU - Klatt, M L AU - Thomas, T K AD - Alaska Field Station, Division of Safety Research, National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Anchorage 99508, USA. gocl@cdc.gov PY - 1999 SP - 550 EP - 558 VL - 114 IS - 6 SN - 0033-3549, 0033-3549 KW - Abridged Index Medicus KW - Index Medicus KW - United States KW - Humans KW - Alaska KW - Time Factors KW - National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (U.S.) KW - Accidents, Occupational -- prevention & control KW - Accidents, Occupational -- trends KW - Accidents, Occupational -- statistics & numerical data KW - Wounds and Injuries -- prevention & control KW - Program Development -- methods KW - Program Development -- statistics & numerical data KW - Population Surveillance -- methods UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/69431983?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Public+health+reports+%28Washington%2C+D.C.+%3A+1974%29&rft.atitle=Alaska%27s+model+program+for+surveillance+and+prevention+of+occupational+injury+deaths.&rft.au=Conway%2C+G+A%3BLincoln%2C+J+M%3BHusberg%2C+B+J%3BManwaring%2C+J+C%3BKlatt%2C+M+L%3BThomas%2C+T+K&rft.aulast=Conway&rft.aufirst=G&rft.date=1999-11-01&rft.volume=114&rft.issue=6&rft.spage=550&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Public+health+reports+%28Washington%2C+D.C.+%3A+1974%29&rft.issn=00333549&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 2000-02-24 N1 - Date created - 2000-02-24 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - SuppNotes - Cited By: JAMA. 1990 Jun 13;263(22):3047-50 [2342216] Am J Public Health. 1994 Mar;84(3):496 [8129076] MMWR Morb Mortal Wkly Rep. 1994 Jul 8;43(26):472-5 [8007932] Public Health Rep. 1995 Nov-Dec;110(6):700 [8570821] MMWR Morb Mortal Wkly Rep. 1997 Jun 6;46(22):496-8 [9194400] Public Health Rep. 1996 Nov-Dec;111(6):531-5 [8955701] J Trauma. 1972 Mar;12(3):193-207 [5012817] Public Health Rep. 1995 Nov-Dec;110(6):701-2 [8570822] Alaska Med. 1995 Oct-Dec;37(4):123-5 [8742154] N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Estimating environmental exposures to sulfur dioxide from multiple industrial sources for a case-control study. AN - 69412342; 10638839 AB - This paper first discusses how population exposures to environmental pollutants are estimated from environmental monitoring data and the problems that are encountered in estimating risk from pollutants on the basis of ecologic studies. We then present a technique of estimating individualized exposures to an atmospheric pollutant, sulfur dioxide (SO2), through atmospheric transport modeling for a case-control study. The transport model uses the quantities of SO2 released from 30 geographically identified industrial facilities and meteorological data (wind speed and direction) to predict the downwind ground-level concentrations of SO2 at geographically identified residences, receptors, of 797 study subjects. A distribution of facility SO2 emissions, uncertainties in effective stack height, and model uncertainty are incorporated to examine the uncertainty in the predicted versus ambient monitoring SO2 levels, and to generate an exposure uncertainty distribution for both the cases and controls. The transport model's accuracy is evaluated by comparing recorded ambient measurements of SO2 with the model's predicted SO2 estimates at geographically identified ambient monitoring stations. JF - Journal of exposure analysis and environmental epidemiology AU - Rogers, J F AU - Killough, G G AU - Thompson, S J AU - Addy, C L AU - McKeown, R E AU - Cowen, D J AD - Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, National Center for Environmental Health, Radiation Studies Branch, Atlanta, Georgia 30341-3742, USA. fxr3@cdc.gov PY - 1999 SP - 535 EP - 545 VL - 9 IS - 6 SN - 1053-4245, 1053-4245 KW - Air Pollutants KW - 0 KW - Sulfur Dioxide KW - 0UZA3422Q4 KW - Index Medicus KW - Environmental Monitoring KW - Weather KW - Humans KW - Case-Control Studies KW - Models, Statistical KW - Georgia KW - Geography KW - Sulfur Dioxide -- analysis KW - Environmental Exposure -- analysis KW - Air Pollutants -- analysis KW - Metallurgy UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/69412342?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+exposure+analysis+and+environmental+epidemiology&rft.atitle=Estimating+environmental+exposures+to+sulfur+dioxide+from+multiple+industrial+sources+for+a+case-control+study.&rft.au=Rogers%2C+J+F%3BKillough%2C+G+G%3BThompson%2C+S+J%3BAddy%2C+C+L%3BMcKeown%2C+R+E%3BCowen%2C+D+J&rft.aulast=Rogers&rft.aufirst=J&rft.date=1999-11-01&rft.volume=9&rft.issue=6&rft.spage=535&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+exposure+analysis+and+environmental+epidemiology&rft.issn=10534245&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 2000-02-07 N1 - Date created - 2000-02-07 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - School violence, substance use, and availability of illegal drugs on school property among US high school students. AN - 69405297; 10633319 AB - To determine if school violence is associated with substance use and availability of illegal drugs at school, this study examined data from the 1995 Youth Risk Behavior Survey, a nationally representative sample of 10,904 high school students. Adjusted odds ratios were calculated to describe the associations of tobacco, alcohol, and marijuana use (on and off school property), and availability of illegal drugs at school with five indicators of school violence--weapon-carrying, physical fighting, having property stolen or damaged, being threatened or injured, and being absent from school because of feeling unsafe. School violence indicators increased with the number of substances used and the location of use (on school property vs. off school property). School violence was associated with availability of illegal drugs at school, even among students who did not use substances. These findings suggest a need for coordinated violence and substance use prevention programs for youth in school and community settings. JF - The Journal of school health AU - Lowry, R AU - Cohen, L R AU - Modzeleski, W AU - Kann, L AU - Collins, J L AU - Kolbe, L J AD - Surveillance Research Section, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA 30341, USA. r.xl1@cdc.gov Y1 - 1999/11// PY - 1999 DA - November 1999 SP - 347 EP - 355 VL - 69 IS - 9 SN - 0022-4391, 0022-4391 KW - Street Drugs KW - 0 KW - Index Medicus KW - Nursing KW - Rural Population KW - Firearms KW - Humans KW - Surveys and Questionnaires KW - Data Collection KW - Adolescent KW - Urban Population KW - United States -- epidemiology KW - Male KW - Female KW - Adolescent Behavior KW - Violence -- statistics & numerical data KW - Schools -- statistics & numerical data KW - Substance-Related Disorders -- epidemiology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/69405297?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Journal+of+school+health&rft.atitle=School+violence%2C+substance+use%2C+and+availability+of+illegal+drugs+on+school+property+among+US+high+school+students.&rft.au=Lowry%2C+R%3BCohen%2C+L+R%3BModzeleski%2C+W%3BKann%2C+L%3BCollins%2C+J+L%3BKolbe%2C+L+J&rft.aulast=Lowry&rft.aufirst=R&rft.date=1999-11-01&rft.volume=69&rft.issue=9&rft.spage=347&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=The+Journal+of+school+health&rft.issn=00224391&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 2000-02-09 N1 - Date created - 2000-02-09 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Toxic shock syndrome in the United States: surveillance update, 1979 1996. AN - 69363784; 10603216 AB - Menstrual toxic shock syndrome (TSS) emerged as a public health threat to women of reproductive age in 1979 80. We reviewed surveillance data for the period 1979 to 1996, when 5,296 cases were reported, and discuss changes in the epidemiologic features of TSS. JF - Emerging infectious diseases AU - Hajjeh, R A AU - Reingold, A AU - Weil, A AU - Shutt, K AU - Schuchat, A AU - Perkins, B A AD - Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia 30333, USA. rfh5@cdc.gov PY - 1999 SP - 807 EP - 810 VL - 5 IS - 6 SN - 1080-6040, 1080-6040 KW - Index Medicus KW - Menstrual Hygiene Products -- adverse effects KW - Humans KW - Adult KW - Incidence KW - Middle Aged KW - Child KW - Adolescent KW - United States -- epidemiology KW - Male KW - Female KW - Shock, Septic -- etiology KW - Menstruation KW - Shock, Septic -- epidemiology KW - Population Surveillance -- methods KW - Shock, Septic -- mortality UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/69363784?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Emerging+infectious+diseases&rft.atitle=Toxic+shock+syndrome+in+the+United+States%3A+surveillance+update%2C+1979+1996.&rft.au=Hajjeh%2C+R+A%3BReingold%2C+A%3BWeil%2C+A%3BShutt%2C+K%3BSchuchat%2C+A%3BPerkins%2C+B+A&rft.aulast=Hajjeh&rft.aufirst=R&rft.date=1999-11-01&rft.volume=5&rft.issue=6&rft.spage=807&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Emerging+infectious+diseases&rft.issn=10806040&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 2000-01-28 N1 - Date created - 2000-01-28 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - SuppNotes - Cited By: N Engl J Med. 1980 Dec 18;303(25):1429-35 [7432401] N Engl J Med. 1980 Dec 18;303(25):1436-42 [7432402] Ann Intern Med. 1982 Jun;96(6 Pt 2):875-80 [7091960] Ann Intern Med. 1982 Jun;96(6 Pt 2):906-8 [7091965] Arch Intern Med. 1998 Sep 28;158(17):1923-8 [9759689] MMWR Morb Mortal Wkly Rep. 1990 Jun 29;39(25):421-3 [2113167] Iowa Med. 1991 Feb;81(2):55-8 [2007539] Epidemiol Rev. 1991;13:99-112 [1662639] J Infect Dis. 1995 Oct;172(4):1112-4 [7561191] Rev Infect Dis. 1989 Jan-Feb;11 Suppl 1:S22-6; discussion S26-7 [2928640] N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Maintenance and sustained use of insecticide-treated bednets and curtains three years after a controlled trial in western Kenya. AN - 69337969; 10588766 AB - In large experimental trials throughout Africa, insecticide-treated bednets and curtains have reduced child mortality in malaria-endemic communities by 15%-30%. While few questions remain about the efficacy of this intervention, operational issues around how to implement and sustain insecticide-treated materials (ITM) projects need attention. We revisited the site of a small-scale ITM intervention trial, 3 years after the project ended, to assess how local attitudes and practices had changed. Qualitative and quantitative methods, including 16 focus group discussions and a household survey (n = 60), were employed to assess use, maintenance, retreatment and perceptions of ITM and the insecticide in former study communities. Families that had been issued bednets were more likely to have kept and maintained them and valued bednets more highly than those who had been issued curtains. While most households retained their original bednets, none had treated them with insecticide since the intervention trial was completed 3 years earlier. Most of those who had been issued bednets repaired them, but none acquired new or replacement nets. In contrast, households that had been issued insecticide-treated curtains often removed them. Three (15%) of the households issued curtains had purchased one or more bednets since the study ended. In households where bednets had been issued, children 10 years of age and younger were a third as likely to sleep under a net as were adults (relative risk (RR) = 0. 32; 95% confidence interval (95%CI) = 0.19, 0.53). Understanding how and why optimal ITM use declined following this small-scale intervention trial can suggest measures that may improve the sustainability of current and future ITM efforts. JF - Tropical medicine & international health : TM & IH AU - Kachur, S P AU - Phillips-Howard, P A AU - Odhacha, A M AU - Ruebush, T K AU - Oloo, A J AU - Nahlen, B L AD - Division of Parasitic Diseases, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Public Health Service, United States Department of Health and Human Services, Atlanta, GA 30341-3729, USA. spk0@cdc.gov Y1 - 1999/11// PY - 1999 DA - November 1999 SP - 728 EP - 735 VL - 4 IS - 11 SN - 1360-2276, 1360-2276 KW - Insecticides KW - 0 KW - Index Medicus KW - Malaria -- prevention & control KW - Time KW - Kenya KW - Humans KW - Follow-Up Studies KW - Data Collection KW - Mosquito Control -- methods KW - Bedding and Linens -- economics KW - Bedding and Linens -- utilization KW - Mosquito Control -- economics KW - Maintenance -- utilization UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/69337969?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Tropical+medicine+%26+international+health+%3A+TM+%26+IH&rft.atitle=Maintenance+and+sustained+use+of+insecticide-treated+bednets+and+curtains+three+years+after+a+controlled+trial+in+western+Kenya.&rft.au=Kachur%2C+S+P%3BPhillips-Howard%2C+P+A%3BOdhacha%2C+A+M%3BRuebush%2C+T+K%3BOloo%2C+A+J%3BNahlen%2C+B+L&rft.aulast=Kachur&rft.aufirst=S&rft.date=1999-11-01&rft.volume=4&rft.issue=11&rft.spage=728&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Tropical+medicine+%26+international+health+%3A+TM+%26+IH&rft.issn=13602276&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 2000-01-04 N1 - Date created - 2000-01-04 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - SuppNotes - Comment In: Trop Med Int Health. 2001 Apr;6(4):324-5 [11348524] Trop Med Int Health. 2001 Jan;6(1):85-6 [11251900] N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Initiation of cigarette smoking and subsequent smoking behavior among U.S. high school students. AN - 69289910; 10564623 AB - Most adult smokers report trying their first cigarette before age 18 years. Understanding the impact of smoking initiation at young ages may help public health policy makers and practitioners improve strategies to prevent or delay adolescent cigarette smoking. This paper examined age of initiation of cigarette smoking and subsequent patterns of smoking among U.S. high school students 16 years of age and older (N = 13,858). We used data from the 1991-1997 national Youth Risk Behavior Surveys, conducted by the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. The majority of students 16 years of age and older (60.4%) reported ever having smoked a whole cigarette, and 11.1% initiated smoking at age 10 years or younger. Age of smoking initiation was significantly related to current frequent smoking, daily smoking, and whether students had ever smoked daily. A younger age of smoking initiation was associated with smoking more cigarettes per day than was initiating at an older age. Delaying the onset of smoking may affect the likelihood of becoming addicted to nicotine and smoking heavily. For students who are already addicted to nicotine, smoking cessation programs are needed. JF - Preventive medicine AU - Everett, S A AU - Warren, C W AU - Sharp, D AU - Kann, L AU - Husten, C G AU - Crossett, L S AD - Division of Adolescent and School Health, National Center for Chronic Disease Prevention and Health Promotion, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA 30341, USA. sce2@cdc.gov Y1 - 1999/11// PY - 1999 DA - November 1999 SP - 327 EP - 333 VL - 29 IS - 5 SN - 0091-7435, 0091-7435 KW - Index Medicus KW - Odds Ratio KW - Age of Onset KW - Logistic Models KW - Humans KW - Child KW - Adolescent KW - United States -- epidemiology KW - Male KW - Female KW - Prevalence KW - Age Distribution KW - Tobacco Use Disorder -- epidemiology KW - Smoking -- epidemiology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/69289910?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Preventive+medicine&rft.atitle=Initiation+of+cigarette+smoking+and+subsequent+smoking+behavior+among+U.S.+high+school+students.&rft.au=Everett%2C+S+A%3BWarren%2C+C+W%3BSharp%2C+D%3BKann%2C+L%3BHusten%2C+C+G%3BCrossett%2C+L+S&rft.aulast=Everett&rft.aufirst=S&rft.date=1999-11-01&rft.volume=29&rft.issue=5&rft.spage=327&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Preventive+medicine&rft.issn=00917435&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1999-12-09 N1 - Date created - 1999-12-09 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Seasonal variation of acinetobacter infections: 1987-1996 AN - 17885167; 5123698 AB - To determine whether nosocomial infections due to Acinetobacter species have increased over the past 10 years and whether infections continue to have a pronounced seasonal variation, we analyzed infections reported by hospitals in the National Nosocomial Infections Surveillance System that performed adult and pediatric intensive care unit surveillance from 1987 through 1996. Overall, 3447 nosocomial acinetobacter infections were reported during 5,596,156 patient-days. There was a yearly median of 7.2 infections (range, 5.0-10.5) per 10,000 patient-days and a downward trend in the rate of acinetobacter infections overall (P < 0.05) and of 2 major types of infection (P < 0.05): bloodstream infections (yearly median, 1.6 per 10,000 central venous catheter -days; range, 1.3-2.9) and pneumonia (yearly median, 7.6 per 10,000 ventilator-days; range, 6.5-12.0). Throughout this period, average rates were significantly higher during July-October than during November-June for acinetobacter infections overall (8.0 vs. 5.2; P < 0.01) and for bloodstream infections (2.0 vs. 1.2; P < 0.01) and pneumonia (9.7 vs. 6.6; P < 0.01). JF - Clinical Infectious Diseases AU - McDonald, L C AU - Banerjee, ShN AU - Jarvis, W R AD - Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Public Health Service, US Department of Health and Human Services, Atlanta, Georgia, USA Y1 - 1999/11// PY - 1999 DA - Nov 1999 SP - 1133 EP - 1137 VL - 29 IS - 5 SN - 1058-4838, 1058-4838 KW - Microbiology Abstracts B: Bacteriology KW - Acinetobacter KW - Nosocomial infection KW - Bacteremia KW - Seasonal variations KW - Pneumonia KW - J 02855:Human Bacteriology: Others UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/17885167?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologyb&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Clinical+Infectious+Diseases&rft.atitle=Seasonal+variation+of+acinetobacter+infections%3A+1987-1996&rft.au=McDonald%2C+L+C%3BBanerjee%2C+ShN%3BJarvis%2C+W+R&rft.aulast=McDonald&rft.aufirst=L&rft.date=1999-11-01&rft.volume=29&rft.issue=5&rft.spage=1133&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Clinical+Infectious+Diseases&rft.issn=10584838&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Acinetobacter; Nosocomial infection; Seasonal variations; Bacteremia; Pneumonia ER - TY - JOUR T1 - The Prevention of Ankle Sprains in Sports AN - 17607847; 4740339 AB - To assess the published evidence on the effectiveness of various approaches to the prevention of ankle sprains in athletes, we used textbooks, journals, and experts in the field of sports medicine to identify citations. We identified 113 studies reporting the risk of ankle sprains in sports, methods to provide support, the effect of these interventions on performance, and comparison of prevention efforts. The most common risk factor for ankle sprain in sports is history of a previous sprain. Ten citations of studies involving athletes in basketball, football, soccer, or volleyball compared alternative methods of prevention. Methods tested included wrapping the ankle with tape or cloth, orthoses, high-top shoes, or some combination of these methods. Most studies indicate that appropriately applied braces, tape, or orthoses do not adversely affect performance. Based on our review, we recommend that athletes with a sprained ankle complete supervised rehabilitation before returning to practice or competition, and those athletes suffering a moderate or severe sprain should wear an appropriate orthosis for at least 6 months. Both coaches and players must assume responsibility for prevention of injuries in sports. Methodologic limitations of published studies suggested several areas for future research. JF - American Journal of Sports Medicine AU - Thacker, S B AU - Stroup, D F AU - Branche, C M AU - Gilchrist, J AU - Goodman, R A AU - Weitman, E A AD - Epidemiology Program Office, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), 1600 Clifton Road, NE, Atlanta, GA 30333, USA Y1 - 1999/11// PY - 1999 DA - Nov 1999 SP - 753 EP - 760 VL - 27 IS - 6 SN - 0363-5465, 0363-5465 KW - ankle KW - athletes KW - Health & Safety Science Abstracts; Physical Education Index KW - sports related injuries KW - Injuries KW - Risk factors KW - Ankles KW - Sprains KW - Sports KW - Protective equipment KW - PE 040:Sports & Athletics KW - H 11000:Diseases/Injuries/Trauma UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/17607847?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aphysicaleducation&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=American+Journal+of+Sports+Medicine&rft.atitle=The+Prevention+of+Ankle+Sprains+in+Sports&rft.au=Thacker%2C+S+B%3BStroup%2C+D+F%3BBranche%2C+C+M%3BGilchrist%2C+J%3BGoodman%2C+R+A%3BWeitman%2C+E+A&rft.aulast=Thacker&rft.aufirst=S&rft.date=1999-11-01&rft.volume=27&rft.issue=6&rft.spage=753&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=American+Journal+of+Sports+Medicine&rft.issn=03635465&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - Physical Education Index; ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Sports; Injuries; Ankles; Sprains; Risk factors; sports related injuries; Protective equipment ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Agency for Toxic Substances and Disease Registry's 1997 Priority List of Hazardous Substances. Latent effects - carcinogenesis, neurotoxicology, and developmental deficits in humans and animals AN - 17484099; 4680115 AB - In support of Superfund re-authorization legislation, the Division of Toxicology of the Agency for Toxic Substances and Disease Registry (ATSDR) prepared a chemical-specific consultation document for Congress that identified those chemicals with carcinogenic, neurological, or developmental adverse effects having a latency period longer than 6 years. The review was limited to the top 50 substances listed on ATSDR's 1997 Priority List of Hazardous Substances (Priority List). Among the top 50 chemicals, a review of the technical literature indicated that 38 (76%) were classified as "reasonably anticipated," "possibly," or "probably" capable of causing cancer in humans, based either on human and animal data. Eight chemicals (16%) had well-established cancer latency periods in humans of 6 years or more following exposure. Three substances (6%) - arsenic, creosote, and benzidine - had data indicating latency periods longer than 6 years. The technical literature review likewise confirmed the potential for neurological and developmental effects with a latency of 6 years. Twenty-seven (54%) of the top 50 substances caused acute and/or chronic neurotoxic effects; a number of these also caused neurological effects that persisted beyond 6 years (or the equivalent in animal studies) such as: behavioral problems, neurological deficiencies, reduced psychomotor development, cognitive deficiencies, and reduced IQ. Twenty-eight substances (56%) caused adverse developmental effects in offspring of exposed individuals or animals including increased fetal and infant mortality, decreased birth weights and litter sizes, and growth delays. Latency periods for related chemicals are expected to be similar due to structural and toxicological similarities. JF - Toxicology and Industrial Health AU - Ostrowski AU - Wilbur, S AU - Chou, C-HSJ AU - Pohl, H R AU - Stevens, Y-W AU - Allred, P M AU - Roney, N AU - Fay, M AU - Tylenda, CA AD - Emergency Response Section, Division of Toxicology, ATSDR, 1600 Clifton Road, Mailstop E-57, Atlanta, GA 30333, USA, Sro1@cdc.gov Y1 - 1999/11// PY - 1999 DA - Nov 1999 SP - 602 EP - 644 VL - 15 IS - 7 SN - 0748-2337, 0748-2337 KW - development KW - laboratory animals KW - benzidine KW - cognitive ability KW - creosote KW - CSA Neurosciences Abstracts; Health & Safety Science Abstracts; Toxicology Abstracts KW - Chemical pollution KW - Arsenic KW - Superfund KW - Intelligence KW - Behavior KW - Cognitive ability KW - Reviews KW - Carcinogenesis KW - Neurotoxicity KW - X 24230:Legislation & recommended standards KW - N3 11101:General KW - H 14000:Toxicology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/17484099?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxicologyabstracts&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Toxicology+and+Industrial+Health&rft.atitle=Agency+for+Toxic+Substances+and+Disease+Registry%27s+1997+Priority+List+of+Hazardous+Substances.+Latent+effects+-+carcinogenesis%2C+neurotoxicology%2C+and+developmental+deficits+in+humans+and+animals&rft.au=Ostrowski%3BWilbur%2C+S%3BChou%2C+C-HSJ%3BPohl%2C+H+R%3BStevens%2C+Y-W%3BAllred%2C+P+M%3BRoney%2C+N%3BFay%2C+M%3BTylenda%2C+CA&rft.aulast=Ostrowski&rft.aufirst=&rft.date=1999-11-01&rft.volume=15&rft.issue=7&rft.spage=602&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Toxicology+and+Industrial+Health&rft.issn=07482337&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Neurotoxicity; Superfund; Arsenic; Carcinogenesis; Behavior; Reviews; Chemical pollution; Cognitive ability; Intelligence ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Fatal Occupational Injuries Associated With Forklifts, United States, 1980-1994 AN - 17454050; 4662242 AB - This paper describes deaths of American workers involving forklifts during the 15-year period from January 1, 1980 to December 31, 1994. Death certificate data were obtained from the National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health's (NIOSH's) National Traumatic Occupational Fatality (NTOF) surveillance system. The narrative fields on the death certificate were searched for keywords indicating that a powered industrial vehicle (PIV) or forklift was involved in the death. This study examined the circumstances of the forklift-related deaths, the nature of the injury, and the decedent's age, gender, race, occupation, and industry. Average annual employment data from the Bureau of the Census were used to calculate civilian fatality rates by age, gender, industry, and occupation. A total of 1,021 deaths were identified. The average age of the fatally injured worker was 38 years; the 1,021 forklift-related deaths resulted in a total of 27,505 years of productive life lost. The three most common circumstances of the fatalities were forklift overturns (22%), pedestrian struck by forklifts (20%), and worker crushed by forklift (16%). The greatest proportion of the fatalities (37%) occurred to workers in Manufacturing, followed by Transportation, Communication, and Public Utilities, (TCPU), (17%), Construction (16%), Wholesale Trade (8%), and Agriculture, Forestry, and Fishing (AFF) (7%). The highest forklift-related fatality rates per ten million workers occurred among transport operatives (34.0) and laborers (32.0). Many of the fatalities resulting from forklift "overturns" might have been prevented if the operator had been restrained with a lap/shoulder belt. Careful consideration should be given to separating pedestrian and forklift traffic, and restricting the use of forklifts near time clocks, exits, and other areas where large numbers of pedestrians pass through an area in a short time. Additionally, systematic traffic control, including rules for pedestrian and forklift traffic, will be necessary to reduce the enormous injury and death toll associated with forklifts. JF - American Journal of Industrial Medicine AU - Collins, J W AU - Landen, D D AU - Kisner, S M AU - Johnston, J J AU - Chin, S F AU - Kennedy, R D AD - National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, Division of Safety Research, 1095 Willowdale Road, Mail-Stop P-1133, Morgantown, West Virginia 26505-2888, USA, joc4@cdc.gov Y1 - 1999/11// PY - 1999 DA - Nov 1999 SP - 504 EP - 512 VL - 36 IS - 5 SN - 0271-3586, 0271-3586 KW - USA KW - forklifts KW - Health & Safety Science Abstracts KW - Mortality KW - Accidents KW - Injuries KW - Motor vehicles KW - Occupational safety KW - H 1000:Occupational Safety and Health UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/17454050?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Ahealthsafetyabstracts&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=American+Journal+of+Industrial+Medicine&rft.atitle=Fatal+Occupational+Injuries+Associated+With+Forklifts%2C+United+States%2C+1980-1994&rft.au=Collins%2C+J+W%3BLanden%2C+D+D%3BKisner%2C+S+M%3BJohnston%2C+J+J%3BChin%2C+S+F%3BKennedy%2C+R+D&rft.aulast=Collins&rft.aufirst=J&rft.date=1999-11-01&rft.volume=36&rft.issue=5&rft.spage=504&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=American+Journal+of+Industrial+Medicine&rft.issn=02713586&rft_id=info:doi/10.1002%2F%28SICI%291097-0274%28199911%2936%3A53.0.CO%3B2-P LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Motor vehicles; Occupational safety; Mortality; Accidents; Injuries DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/(SICI)1097-0274(199911)36:5<504::AID-AJIM2>3.0.CO;2-P ER - TY - JOUR T1 - The Denver School-Based Adolescent Hepatitis B Vaccination Program: A Cost Analysis With Risk Simulation AN - 17431410; 4649666 AB - This study sought to compare the cost-effectiveness of a school-based hepatitis B vaccine delivery program with that of a vaccine delivery program associated with a network health maintenance organization (HMO). The vaccination program enrolled 3359 sixth-grade students from 18 middle schools in Denver, Colo. Immunization status and direct and indirect program costs were compiled. The sensitivity of the outcomes was assessed by simulation methods. The per-dose cost-effectiveness ratio for the school-based delivery system was $31. This cost-effectiveness ratio remained stable when the model was simulated with costs that were underestimated or over-estimated by 20%. In the network HMO, the direct cost per dose was $68 and the societal cost was $118 when the child's father worked full-time and the mother worked part-time. There is less than a 5% chance that the network HMO-based vaccination program could be more cost-effective than the school-based program. The cost per dose of the school-based program was significantly less than that of the network HMO-based program, because in the school program government-purchased vaccine was available at a lower cost and parents did not incur work-loss costs. JF - American Journal of Public Health AU - Deuson, R R AU - Hoekstra, E J AU - Sedjo, R AU - Bakker, G AU - Melinkovich, P AU - Daeke, D AU - Hammer, AL AU - Goldsman, D AU - Judson, F N AD - NIP/CDC, 1600 Clifton Rd, Mailstop E52, Atlanta, GA 30333, rgd3@cdc.gov Y1 - 1999/11// PY - 1999 DA - Nov 1999 SP - 1722 EP - 1727 VL - 89 IS - 11 SN - 0090-0036, 0090-0036 KW - Hepatitis B KW - USA, Colorado, Denver KW - school-based vaccination program KW - vaccines KW - Virology & AIDS Abstracts; Risk Abstracts; Health & Safety Science Abstracts KW - Hepatitis B virus KW - Children KW - Cost-benefit analysis KW - Vaccines KW - H 11000:Diseases/Injuries/Trauma KW - V 22098:Immunization: Vaccines & vaccination: Animal KW - R2 23060:Medical and environmental health UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/17431410?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Ariskabstracts&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=American+Journal+of+Public+Health&rft.atitle=The+Denver+School-Based+Adolescent+Hepatitis+B+Vaccination+Program%3A+A+Cost+Analysis+With+Risk+Simulation&rft.au=Deuson%2C+R+R%3BHoekstra%2C+E+J%3BSedjo%2C+R%3BBakker%2C+G%3BMelinkovich%2C+P%3BDaeke%2C+D%3BHammer%2C+AL%3BGoldsman%2C+D%3BJudson%2C+F+N&rft.aulast=Deuson&rft.aufirst=R&rft.date=1999-11-01&rft.volume=89&rft.issue=11&rft.spage=1722&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=American+Journal+of+Public+Health&rft.issn=00900036&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Hepatitis B virus; Children; Cost-benefit analysis; Vaccines ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Identification of Mycobacterium species by PCR-restriction fragment length polymorphism analyses using fluorescence capillary electrophoresis AN - 17412908; 4626265 AB - We developed a scheme for the rapid identification of Mycobacterium species based upon PCR amplification of polymorphic genetic regions with fluorescent primers followed by restriction and analysis by fluorescence capillary electrophoresis. Mycobacterium species were identified by restriction enzyme analysis of a 439-bp segment of the 65-kDa heat shock protein gene (labeled [both strands] at the 5' end with 4,7,2',7'-tetrachloro-6-carboxyfluorescein) using HaeIII and BstEII and of a 475-bp hypervariable region of the 16S rRNA gene (labeled [both strands] at the 5' end with 6-carboxyfluorescein) using HaeIII and CfoI. Samples were analyzed on an automated fluorescence capillary electrophoresis instrument, and labeled fragments were sized by comparison with an internal standard. DNA templates were prepared with pure cultures of type strains. In all, we analyzed 180 strains, representing 22 Mycobacterium species, and obtained distinctive restriction fragment length polymorphism (RFLP) patterns for 19 species. Three members of the Mycobacterium tuberculosis complex had a common RFLP pattern. A computerized algorithm which eliminates subjectivity from pattern interpretation and which is capable of identifying the species within a sample was developed. The convenience and short preparatory time of this assay make it comparable to conventional methodologies such as high-performance liquid chromatography and hybridization assays for identification of mycobacteria. JF - Journal of Clinical Microbiology AU - Hernandez, S M AU - Morlock, G P AU - Butler, W R AU - Crawford, J T AU - Cooksey, R C AD - Tuberculosis/Mycobacteriology Branch, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Mail Stop F08, Atlanta, GA 30333, USA, rcc1@cdc.gov Y1 - 1999/11// PY - 1999 DA - Nov 1999 SP - 3688 EP - 3692 VL - 37 IS - 11 SN - 0095-1137, 0095-1137 KW - identification KW - Microbiology Abstracts B: Bacteriology KW - Electrophoresis KW - Mycobacterium KW - Restriction fragment length polymorphism KW - Polymerase chain reaction KW - J 02704:Enumeration UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/17412908?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologyb&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Clinical+Microbiology&rft.atitle=Identification+of+Mycobacterium+species+by+PCR-restriction+fragment+length+polymorphism+analyses+using+fluorescence+capillary+electrophoresis&rft.au=Hernandez%2C+S+M%3BMorlock%2C+G+P%3BButler%2C+W+R%3BCrawford%2C+J+T%3BCooksey%2C+R+C&rft.aulast=Hernandez&rft.aufirst=S&rft.date=1999-11-01&rft.volume=37&rft.issue=11&rft.spage=3688&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+Clinical+Microbiology&rft.issn=00951137&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Mycobacterium; Polymerase chain reaction; Restriction fragment length polymorphism; Electrophoresis ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Genotypic survey of recent beta -lactam-resistant pneumococcal nasopharyngeal isolates from asymptomatic children in Chile AN - 17396824; 4626199 AB - To assess pneumococcal strain variability among young asymptomatic carriers in Chile, we used serotyping, antibiotic susceptibility testing, and genotyping to analyze 68 multidrug-resistant pneumococcal isolates recovered from 54 asymptomatic children 6 to 48 months of age. The isolates represented capsular serotypes 19F (43 isolates), 14 (14 isolates), 23F (7 isolates), 6B (3 isolates), and 6A (1 isolate). Genotypic analysis, which included pulsed-field gel electrophoresis (PFGE) of chromosomal digests, penicillin binding protein (PBP) gene fingerprinting, and dhf gene fingerprinting, revealed that the isolates represented six different genetic lineages. Clear circumstantial evidence of capsular switching was seen within each of four of the genetically related sets. The majority of the isolates, consisting of the 43 19F isolates and 2 type 6B isolates, appeared to represent a genetically highly related set distinct from previously characterized pneumococcal strains. Each of three other genetically defined lineages was closely related to one of the previously characterized clones Spain super(6B)-2, France super(9V)-3, or Spain super(23F)-1. A fifth lineage was comprised of four type 23F isolates that, by the techniques used for this study, were genetically indistinguishable from three recent type 19F sterile-site isolates from the United States. Finally, a sixth lineage was represented by a single type 23F isolate which had a unique PFGE type and unique PBP and dhf gene fingerprints. JF - Journal of Clinical Microbiology AU - Gherardi, G AU - Inostrozo, J S AU - O'Ryan, M AU - Prado, V AU - Prieto, S AU - Arellano, C AU - Facklam, R R AU - Beall, B AD - Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Mailstop C02, 1600 CliftOn Rd., NE, Atlanta, GA 30333, USA, beb0@cdc.gov Y1 - 1999/11// PY - 1999 DA - Nov 1999 SP - 3725 EP - 3730 VL - 37 IS - 11 SN - 0095-1137, 0095-1137 KW - man KW - isolates KW - Chile KW - Microbiology Abstracts B: Bacteriology KW - Streptococcus pneumoniae KW - Genotyping KW - Nasopharynx KW - Children KW - Antibiotic resistance KW - ^b-Lactam antibiotics KW - J 02795:Antibiotic resistance UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/17396824?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologyb&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Clinical+Microbiology&rft.atitle=Genotypic+survey+of+recent+beta+-lactam-resistant+pneumococcal+nasopharyngeal+isolates+from+asymptomatic+children+in+Chile&rft.au=Gherardi%2C+G%3BInostrozo%2C+J+S%3BO%27Ryan%2C+M%3BPrado%2C+V%3BPrieto%2C+S%3BArellano%2C+C%3BFacklam%2C+R+R%3BBeall%2C+B&rft.aulast=Gherardi&rft.aufirst=G&rft.date=1999-11-01&rft.volume=37&rft.issue=11&rft.spage=3725&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+Clinical+Microbiology&rft.issn=00951137&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Streptococcus pneumoniae; Genotyping; Antibiotic resistance; Nasopharynx; ^b-Lactam antibiotics; Children ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Youth Risk Behavior Surveillance--National Alternative High School Youth Risk Behavior Survey, United States, 1998. AN - 69244765; 10553813 AB - Alternative high schools serve approximately 280,000 students nationwide who are at high risk for failing or dropping out of regular high school or who have been expelled from regular high school because of illegal activity or behavioral problems. Such settings provide important opportunities for delivering health promotion education and services to these youth and young adults. However, before this survey, the prevalence of health-risk behaviors among students attending alternative high schools nationwide was unknown. February-May 1998. The Youth Risk Behavior Surveillance System (YRBSS) monitors the following six categories of priority health-risk behaviors among youth and young adults: behaviors that contribute to unintentional and intentional injuries; tobacco use; alcohol and other drug use; sexual behaviors that contribute to unintended pregnancy and sexually transmitted diseases (STDs) (including human immunodeficiency virus [HIV] infection); unhealthy dietary behaviors; and physical inactivity. The national Alternative High School Youth Risk Behavior Survey (ALT-YRBS) is one component of the YRBSS; it was conducted in 1998 to measure priority health-risk behaviors among students at alternative high schools. The 1998 ALT-YRBS used a three-stage cluster sample design to produce a nationally representative sample of students in grades 9-12 in the United States who attend alternative high schools. The school response rate was 81.0%, and the student response rate was 81.9%, resulting in an overall response rate of 66.3%. This report summarizes results from the 1998 ALT-YRBS. In the United States, 73.6% of all deaths among youth and young adults aged 10-24 years results from only four causes--motor vehicle crashes, other unintentional injuries, homicide, and suicide. Results from the 1998 ALT-YRBS demonstrate that many students at alternative high schools engage in behaviors that increase their likelihood of death from these four causes. During the 30 days preceding the survey, 51.9% had ridden with a driver who had been drinking alcohol, 25.1% had driven a vehicle after drinking alcohol, 32.9% had carried a weapon, 64.5% had drunk alcohol, and 53.0% had used marijuana. During the 12 months preceding the survey, 15.7% had attempted suicide, and 29.0% had rarely or never worn a seat belt. Substantial morbidity among school-aged youth and young adults also results from unintended pregnancies and STDs, including HIV infection. ALT-YRBS results indicate that in 1998, a total of 87.8% of students at alternative high schools had had sexual intercourse, 54.1% of sexually active students had not used a condom at last sexual intercourse, and 5.7% had ever injected an illegal drug. Among adults aged > or =25 years, 66.5% of all deaths result from two causes--cardiovascular disease and cancer. Most risk behaviors associated with these causes of death are initiated during adolescence. In 1998, a total of 64.1% of students at alternative high schools had smoked cigarettes during the 30 days preceding the survey, 38.3% had smoked a cigar during the 30 days preceding the survey, 71.2% had not eaten > or =5 servings of fruits and vegetables during the day preceding the survey, and 81.0% had not attended physical education (PE) class daily. Comparing ALT-YRBS results with 1997 national YRBS results demonstrates that the prevalence of most risk behaviors is higher among students attending alternative high schools compared with students at regular high schools. Some risk behaviors are more common among certain sex and racial/ethnic subgroups of students. ALT-YRBS data can be used nationwide by health and education officials to improve policies and programs designed to reduce risk behaviors associated with the leading causes of morbidity and mortality among students attending alternative high schools. JF - MMWR. CDC surveillance summaries : Morbidity and mortality weekly report. CDC surveillance summaries AU - Grunbaum, J A AU - Kann, L AU - Kinchen, S A AU - Ross, J G AU - Gowda, V R AU - Collins, J L AU - Kolbe, L J AD - Division of Adolescent and School Health, National Center for Chronic Disease Prevention and Health Promotion, CDC, USA. Y1 - 1999/10/29/ PY - 1999 DA - 1999 Oct 29 SP - 1 EP - 44 VL - 48 IS - 7 KW - Index Medicus KW - AIDS/HIV KW - Violence -- statistics & numerical data KW - Humans KW - Sampling Studies KW - Exercise KW - Feeding Behavior KW - Adolescent KW - United States -- epidemiology KW - Smoking -- epidemiology KW - Substance-Related Disorders -- epidemiology KW - Sexual Behavior -- statistics & numerical data KW - Adolescent Behavior KW - Risk-Taking KW - Schools -- statistics & numerical data KW - Population Surveillance UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/69244765?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=MMWR.+CDC+surveillance+summaries+%3A+Morbidity+and+mortality+weekly+report.+CDC+surveillance+summaries&rft.atitle=Youth+Risk+Behavior+Surveillance--National+Alternative+High+School+Youth+Risk+Behavior+Survey%2C+United+States%2C+1998.&rft.au=Grunbaum%2C+J+A%3BKann%2C+L%3BKinchen%2C+S+A%3BRoss%2C+J+G%3BGowda%2C+V+R%3BCollins%2C+J+L%3BKolbe%2C+L+J&rft.aulast=Grunbaum&rft.aufirst=J&rft.date=1999-10-29&rft.volume=48&rft.issue=7&rft.spage=1&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=MMWR.+CDC+surveillance+summaries+%3A+Morbidity+and+mortality+weekly+report.+CDC+surveillance+summaries&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1999-11-09 N1 - Date created - 1999-11-09 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - CONF T1 - Vaccine risks: real, perceived and unknown AN - 17428348; 4641924 AB - As immunizations successfully reduce the incidence of their target diseases, the vaccine community needs to evolve and recognize the increased relative prominence of vaccine safety. Just as the aviation community maintained public confidence by its continuous investment in a safety infrastructure as it evolved from propeller to jet and jumbo planes, modernization of the vaccine safety infrastructure commensurate with the current investment in vaccine development will be needed if the full promise of new vaccines made possible by the biotechnology revolution are to be fulfilled. JF - Vaccine AU - Chen, R T Y1 - 1999/10/29/ PY - 1999 DA - 1999 Oct 29 SP - S41 EP - S46 PB - Butterworth-Heinemann, 313 Washington St. Newton MA 02158 USA VL - 17 KW - disease control KW - immunization KW - vaccines KW - Risk Abstracts; Health & Safety Science Abstracts KW - Risk assessment KW - Safety KW - Hazards KW - Side effects KW - Biotechnology KW - R2 23020:Technological risks KW - H 4000:Food and Drugs UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/17428348?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Ariskabstracts&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Vaccine&rft.atitle=Vaccine+risks%3A+real%2C+perceived+and+unknown&rft.au=Chen%2C+R+T&rft.aulast=Chen&rft.aufirst=R&rft.date=1999-10-29&rft.volume=17&rft.issue=&rft.spage=S41&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Vaccine&rft.issn=0264410X&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Safer and healthier foods. AN - 69528278; 12432905 AB - During the early 20th century, contaminated food, milk, and water caused many foodborne infections, including typhoid fever, tuberculosis, botulism, and scarlet fever. In 1906, Upton Sinclair described in his novel The Jungle the unwholesome working environment in the Chicago meat-packing industry and the unsanitary conditions under which food was produced. Public awareness dramatically increased and led to the passage of the Pure Food and Drug Act. Once the sources and characteristics of foodborne diseases were identified--long before vaccines or antibiotics--they could be controlled by handwashing, sanitation, refrigeration, pasteurization, and pesticide application. Healthier animal care, feeding, and processing also improved food supply safety. In 1900, the incidence of typhoid fever was approximately 100 per 100,000 population; by 1920, it had decreased to 33.8, and by 1950, to 1.7 (Figure 1). During the 1940s, studies of autopsied muscle samples showed that 16% of persons in the United States had trichinellosis; 300-400 cases were diagnosed every year, and 10-20 deaths occurred. Since then, the rate of infection has declined markedly; from 1991 through 1996, three deaths and an average of 38 cases per year were reported. JF - MMWR. Morbidity and mortality weekly report AU - Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) AD - Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) Y1 - 1999/10/15/ PY - 1999 DA - 1999 Oct 15 SP - 905 EP - 913 VL - 48 IS - 40 SN - 0149-2195, 0149-2195 KW - Index Medicus KW - Rosenau KW - History, 21st Century KW - History, 20th Century KW - Humans KW - Safety KW - United States -- epidemiology KW - Food Industry -- standards KW - Food Contamination -- prevention & control KW - Foodborne Diseases -- epidemiology KW - Foodborne Diseases -- history KW - Food Contamination -- statistics & numerical data KW - Food Industry -- history KW - Foodborne Diseases -- prevention & control UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/69528278?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=MMWR.+Morbidity+and+mortality+weekly+report&rft.atitle=Safer+and+healthier+foods.&rft.au=Centers+for+Disease+Control+and+Prevention+%28CDC%29&rft.aulast=Centers+for+Disease+Control+and+Prevention+%28CDC%29&rft.aufirst=&rft.date=1999-10-15&rft.volume=48&rft.issue=40&rft.spage=905&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=MMWR.+Morbidity+and+mortality+weekly+report&rft.issn=01492195&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 2002-11-25 N1 - Date created - 2002-11-15 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - People - Rosenau N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Rosenau ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Unintended pregnancy among adult women exposed to abuse or household dysfunction during their childhood. AN - 70833305; 10527183 AB - Studies have identified childhood sexual and physical abuse as a risk factor for adolescent pregnancy but the relationship between exposure to childhood abuse and unintended pregnancy in adulthood has, to our knowledge, not been studied. To assess whether unintended pregnancy during adulthood is associated with exposure to psychological, physical, or sexual abuse or household dysfunction during childhood. Analysis of data from the Adverse Childhood Experiences Study, a survey mailed to members of a large health maintenance organization who visited a clinic in San Diego, Calif, between August and November 1995 and January and March 1996. The survey had a 63.4% response rate among the target population for this study. A total of 1193 women aged 20 to 50 years whose first pregnancy occurred at or after age 20 years. Risk of unintended first pregnancy by type of abuse (psychological, physical, or sexual abuse; peer sexual assault) and type of household dysfunction (physical abuse of mother by her partner, substance abuse by a household member, mental illness of a household member). More than 45% of the women reported that their first pregnancy was unintended, and 65.8% reported exposure to 2 or more types of childhood abuse or household dysfunction. After adjustment for confounders (marital status at first pregnancy and age at first pregnancy), the strongest associations between childhood experiences and unintended first pregnancy included frequent psychological abuse (risk ratio [RR], 1.4; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.2-1.6), frequent physical abuse of the mother by her partner (RR, 1.4; 95% CI, 1.1-1.7), and frequent physical abuse (RR, 1.5; 95% CI, 1.2-1.8). Women who experienced 4 or more types of abuse during their childhood were 1.5 times (95% CI, 1.2-1.8) more likely to have an unintended first pregnancy during adulthood than women who did not experience any abuse. This study indicates that there may be a dose-response association between exposure to childhood abuse or household dysfunction and unintended first pregnancy in adulthood. Additional research is needed to fully understand the causal pathway of this association. JF - JAMA AU - Dietz, P M AU - Spitz, A M AU - Anda, R F AU - Williamson, D F AU - McMahon, P M AU - Santelli, J S AU - Nordenberg, D F AU - Felitti, V J AU - Kendrick, J S AD - National Center for Chronic Disease Prevention and Health Promotion, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA 30341-3714, USA. Y1 - 1999/10/13/ PY - 1999 DA - 1999 Oct 13 SP - 1359 EP - 1364 VL - 282 IS - 14 SN - 0098-7484, 0098-7484 KW - Abridged Index Medicus KW - Index Medicus KW - Mental Disorders KW - Logistic Models KW - Risk Factors KW - Humans KW - Domestic Violence -- statistics & numerical data KW - Adult KW - Substance-Related Disorders KW - Middle Aged KW - Data Collection KW - Child KW - Likelihood Functions KW - Female KW - Child Abuse -- statistics & numerical data KW - Family KW - Pregnancy -- statistics & numerical data UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/70833305?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=JAMA&rft.atitle=Unintended+pregnancy+among+adult+women+exposed+to+abuse+or+household+dysfunction+during+their+childhood.&rft.au=Dietz%2C+P+M%3BSpitz%2C+A+M%3BAnda%2C+R+F%3BWilliamson%2C+D+F%3BMcMahon%2C+P+M%3BSantelli%2C+J+S%3BNordenberg%2C+D+F%3BFelitti%2C+V+J%3BKendrick%2C+J+S&rft.aulast=Dietz&rft.aufirst=P&rft.date=1999-10-13&rft.volume=282&rft.issue=14&rft.spage=1359&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=JAMA&rft.issn=00987484&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1999-10-27 N1 - Date created - 1999-10-27 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Unrecognised Mycobacterium tuberculosis bacteraemia among hospital inpatients in less developed countries AN - 17435007; 4648917 AB - Nosocomial transmission of Mycobacterium tuberculosis is a global public-health concern. Although early clinical recognition of M tuberculosis in hospital inpatients is critical for effective infection control, such recognition may be difficult in patients with HIV infection. To find out whether M tuberculosis bacteraemia frequently goes unrecognised, we did a prospective blood-culture survey in an infectious-diseases hospital in Thailand and a general hospital in Malawi. Consecutive febrile ( greater than or equal to 37.5 degree C axillary or greater than or equal to 38.0 degree C orally) hospital inpatients (aged greater than or equal to 18 years) were enrolled; blood was obtained for mycobacterial culture and HIV testing. Simple diagnostic tests, such as chest radiographs and sputum smears, were ordered by clinicians as deemed necessary, and were carried out with existing local resources. Of 344 patients enrolled, 255 (74%) were HIV infected, the median age was 33 years (range 18-87), and 208 (61%) were male. 34 (10%) patients had M tuberculosis bacteraemia; five of these patients were already on antituberculosis therapy. Only HIV-infected patients had M tuberculosis bacteraemia. Of the 29 patients with M tuberculosis bacteraemia who were not already receiving antituberculosis therapy, 13 (45%) had an abnormal chest radiograph or a positive sputum smear. 16 (55%) patients had no additional diagnostic test results to indicate M tuberculosis infection; 18 (81%) of these had a cough. In less developed countries where both M tuberculosis and HIV infections are prevalent, M tuberculosis bacteraemia may frequently go unrecognised among febrile hospital inpatients. JF - Lancet AU - McDonald, L C AU - Archibald, L K AU - Rheanpumikankit, S AU - Tansuphaswadikul, S AU - Eampokalap, B AU - Nwanyanawu, O AU - Kazembe, P AU - Dobbie, H AU - Reller, L B AU - Jarvis, W R AD - Hospital Infections Program, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Mailstop E-69, 1600 Clifton Road, Atlanta, GA 30333, USA, LCA6@CDC.GOV Y1 - 1999/10/02/ PY - 1999 DA - 1999 Oct 02 SP - 1159 EP - 1163 VL - 354 IS - 9185 SN - 0099-5355, 0099-5355 KW - man KW - Malawi KW - Thailand KW - Microbiology Abstracts B: Bacteriology KW - Nosocomial infection KW - Bacteremia KW - Tuberculosis KW - Developing countries KW - Hospitals KW - Mycobacterium tuberculosis KW - J 02855:Human Bacteriology: Others UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/17435007?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologyb&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Lancet&rft.atitle=Unrecognised+Mycobacterium+tuberculosis+bacteraemia+among+hospital+inpatients+in+less+developed+countries&rft.au=McDonald%2C+L+C%3BArchibald%2C+L+K%3BRheanpumikankit%2C+S%3BTansuphaswadikul%2C+S%3BEampokalap%2C+B%3BNwanyanawu%2C+O%3BKazembe%2C+P%3BDobbie%2C+H%3BReller%2C+L+B%3BJarvis%2C+W+R&rft.aulast=McDonald&rft.aufirst=L&rft.date=1999-10-02&rft.volume=354&rft.issue=9185&rft.spage=1159&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Lancet&rft.issn=00995355&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Mycobacterium tuberculosis; Bacteremia; Developing countries; Tuberculosis; Hospitals; Nosocomial infection ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Autoimmunity and risk assessment. AN - 70816721; 10502530 AB - Among the issues dealing with identifying potential adverse immunologic effects (i.e., suppression, hypersensitivity, or autoimmunity) associated with xenobiotic exposure, general agreement exists among the regulatory and pharmaceutical communities that predictive tests for autoimmunity are in most need of development in order to improve risk assessment. The estimation of risk (i.e., the probability of a deleterious effect resulting from exposure) involves both the qualitative evaluation of whether a hazard exists and the quantitative evaluation for determining an acceptable level of exposure in humans. Unless adequate human data are available, which is uncommon, this is based on animal studies. Although animal models exist to study autoimmune processes, these models do not readily lend themselves to interpretation in the risk assessment process due, for the most part, to the complexity of autoimmune disease(s), as they are multifactorial and exhibit genetic heterogeneity in humans. To improve the risk assessment process, researchers must develop and validate animal models that not only incorporate mechanistic information into the assessment process but also allow for consideration of potent genetic, physiologic, and environmental influences. JF - Environmental health perspectives AU - Luster, M I AU - Simeonova, P P AU - Gallucci, R AU - Matheson, J AD - Toxicology and Molecular Biology Branch, Health Effects Laboratory Division, National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, Morgantown, WV 26505, USA. myl6@cdc.gov Y1 - 1999/10// PY - 1999 DA - October 1999 SP - 679 EP - 680 VL - 107 Suppl 5 SN - 0091-6765, 0091-6765 KW - Xenobiotics KW - 0 KW - Index Medicus KW - Animals KW - Environmental Health KW - Humans KW - Environmental Exposure KW - Xenobiotics -- adverse effects KW - Disease Models, Animal KW - Autoimmune Diseases -- chemically induced KW - Risk Assessment KW - Autoimmunity UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/70816721?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Environmental+health+perspectives&rft.atitle=Autoimmunity+and+risk+assessment.&rft.au=Luster%2C+M+I%3BSimeonova%2C+P+P%3BGallucci%2C+R%3BMatheson%2C+J&rft.aulast=Luster&rft.aufirst=M&rft.date=1999-10-01&rft.volume=107+Suppl+5&rft.issue=&rft.spage=679&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Environmental+health+perspectives&rft.issn=00916765&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 2000-08-28 N1 - Date created - 2000-08-28 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - SuppNotes - Cited By: J Immunol. 1989 Jan 15;142(2):471-80 [2783437] J Steroid Biochem Mol Biol. 1991;40(4-6):619-37 [1958562] Ann Intern Med. 1992 Mar 1;116(5):427 [1736783] Environ Health Perspect. 1999 Oct;107 Suppl 5:673-7 [10502529] Clin Immunol Immunopathol. 1997 Sep;84(3):223-43 [9281381] Immunol Today. 1998 Mar;19(3):133-41 [9540273] Toxicol Lett. 1998 Dec 28;102-103:247-55 [10022261] Toxicol Appl Pharmacol. 1997 Mar;143(1):102-9 [9073598] N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Residential magnetic fields predicted from wiring configurations: I. Exposure model. AN - 70060001; 10495305 AB - A physically based model for residential magnetic fields from electric transmission and distribution wiring was developed to reanalyze the Los Angeles study of childhood leukemia by London et al. For this exposure model, magnetic field measurements were fitted to a function of wire configuration attributes that was derived from a multipole expansion of the Law of Biot and Savart. The model parameters were determined by nonlinear regression techniques, using wiring data, distances, and the geometric mean of the ELF magnetic field magnitude from 24-h bedroom measurements taken at 288 homes during the epidemiologic study. The best fit to the measurement data was obtained with separate models for the two major utilities serving Los Angeles County. This model's predictions produced a correlation of 0.40 with the measured fields, an improvement on the 0.27 correlation obtained with the Wertheimer-Leeper (WL) wire code. For the leukemia risk analysis in a companion paper, the regression model predicts exposures to the 24-h geometric mean of the ELF magnetic fields in Los Angeles homes where only wiring data and distances have been obtained. Since these input parameters for the exposure model usually do not change for many years, the predicted magnetic fields will be stable over long time periods, just like the WL code. If the geometric mean is not the exposure metric associated with cancer, this regression technique could be used to estimate long-term exposures to temporal variability metrics and other characteristics of the ELF magnetic field which may be cancer risk factors. JF - Bioelectromagnetics AU - Bowman, J D AU - Thomas, D C AU - Jiang, L AU - Jiang, F AU - Peters, J M AD - National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, Cincinnati, Ohio 45266, USA. jdb0@cdc.gov Y1 - 1999/10// PY - 1999 DA - October 1999 SP - 399 EP - 413 VL - 20 IS - 7 SN - 0197-8462, 0197-8462 KW - Index Medicus KW - Regression Analysis KW - Los Angeles -- epidemiology KW - Power Plants KW - Leukemia, Radiation-Induced -- epidemiology KW - Risk Factors KW - Humans KW - Nonlinear Dynamics KW - Algorithms KW - Forecasting KW - Child KW - Electricity KW - Models, Biological KW - Housing KW - Environmental Exposure KW - Electromagnetic Fields -- adverse effects KW - Magnetics -- adverse effects UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/70060001?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Bioelectromagnetics&rft.atitle=Residential+magnetic+fields+predicted+from+wiring+configurations%3A+I.+Exposure+model.&rft.au=Bowman%2C+J+D%3BThomas%2C+D+C%3BJiang%2C+L%3BJiang%2C+F%3BPeters%2C+J+M&rft.aulast=Bowman&rft.aufirst=J&rft.date=1999-10-01&rft.volume=20&rft.issue=7&rft.spage=399&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Bioelectromagnetics&rft.issn=01978462&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1999-10-29 N1 - Date created - 1999-10-29 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Blood lead levels among children of lead-exposed workers: A meta-analysis. AN - 70017226; 10470013 AB - To further assess the utility of targeted blood lead screening for children from households with members having occupational lead exposures, we conducted a meta-analysis of all available reports of take-home lead exposures. Our objective was to estimate the blood lead levels among U.S. children (ages 1-5) from households with lead-exposed workers. Reports considered for inclusion were cited in Medline, Toxline, Excerpta Medica, and Bio-Med plus all unpublished reports available at the National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health through 1994. The a priori criteria for inclusion of U.S. reports required their having data on: (1) venous blood lead levels for children, (2) children's ages, (3) data for at least five children, (4) workers' occupations, (5) workers' blood lead levels, and (6) data collection methods. Based on a meta-analysis of 10 reports from 1987 through 1994, the children (n=139) of lead-exposed workers (n=222) had a geometric mean blood lead level of 9.3 microg/dL compared to a U.S. population geometric mean of 3.6 microg/dL (P=0.0006). Also in this group, 52% of the children had blood lead levels (BLLs) >/= 10 microg/dL compared to 8.9% in the U.S. (P=.0010), and 21% of the children had BLLs >/= 20 microg/dL compared to 1.1% in the U.S. (P=. 0258). We estimate, based on 1981-83 survey data, that there are about 48,000 families with children under six living with household members occupationally exposed to lead. If the findings from this meta-analysis (admittedly limited by small numbers) are generalizable, about half of the young children in these families may have BLLs >/= 10 microg/dL. Data were too sparse to determine if children of workers with elevated blood leads were at greater risk than children whose parents were only known to be lead exposed. Our findings support the position that children of lead-exposed workers should be targeted for blood lead screening. Am. J. Ind. Med. 36:475-481, 1999. Published 1999 Wiley-Liss, Inc. JF - American journal of industrial medicine AU - Roscoe, R J AU - Gittleman, J L AU - Deddens, J A AU - Petersen, M R AU - Halperin, W E AD - National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Cincinatti, OH 45226, USA. rjr1@cdc.gov Y1 - 1999/10// PY - 1999 DA - October 1999 SP - 475 EP - 481 VL - 36 IS - 4 SN - 0271-3586, 0271-3586 KW - Lead KW - 2P299V784P KW - Index Medicus KW - United States KW - Sensitivity and Specificity KW - Infant KW - Mass Screening KW - Risk Factors KW - Humans KW - Confidence Intervals KW - Occupations KW - Child, Preschool KW - Occupational Exposure KW - Family Health KW - Lead -- blood UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/70017226?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=American+journal+of+industrial+medicine&rft.atitle=Blood+lead+levels+among+children+of+lead-exposed+workers%3A+A+meta-analysis.&rft.au=Roscoe%2C+R+J%3BGittleman%2C+J+L%3BDeddens%2C+J+A%3BPetersen%2C+M+R%3BHalperin%2C+W+E&rft.aulast=Roscoe&rft.aufirst=R&rft.date=1999-10-01&rft.volume=36&rft.issue=4&rft.spage=475&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=American+journal+of+industrial+medicine&rft.issn=02713586&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1999-10-07 N1 - Date created - 1999-10-07 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Copper in drinking water, Nebraska, 1994. AN - 69398160; 10633241 AB - In 1993, the levels of copper (Cu) in much of Nebraska's drinking water exceeded the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency's (EPA) action level of 1.3 mg/L. To determine the association of copper with gastrointestinal (GI) illness in August 1994 the authors interviewed persons living in households with 1993 Cu levels > 3 mg/L (51 households), 2-3 mg/L (54 households), and 3 mg/L (RR = 1.03; 95% CI = 0.43, 2.49) or 2-3 mg/L (RR = 0.50; 95% CI = 0.18, 1.41) than with Cu 1.3-2.9 mg/L, or = 3.0 mg/L, < or = 1.3 mg/L = 0.36, 95% CI = 0.09, 1.49). JF - International journal of occupational and environmental health AU - Buchanan, S D AU - Diseker, R A AU - Sinks, T AU - Olson, D R AU - Daniel, J AU - Flodman, T AD - National Center for Environmental Health, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), Atlanta, Georgia 30341-3724, USA. PY - 1999 SP - 256 EP - 261 VL - 5 IS - 4 SN - 1077-3525, 1077-3525 KW - Copper KW - 789U1901C5 KW - Index Medicus KW - Humans KW - Cohort Studies KW - Retrospective Studies KW - Case-Control Studies KW - Nebraska KW - Male KW - Female KW - Water Supply -- analysis KW - Gastrointestinal Diseases -- etiology KW - Environmental Exposure KW - Copper -- analysis UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/69398160?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=International+journal+of+occupational+and+environmental+health&rft.atitle=Copper+in+drinking+water%2C+Nebraska%2C+1994.&rft.au=Buchanan%2C+S+D%3BDiseker%2C+R+A%3BSinks%2C+T%3BOlson%2C+D+R%3BDaniel%2C+J%3BFlodman%2C+T&rft.aulast=Buchanan&rft.aufirst=S&rft.date=1999-10-01&rft.volume=5&rft.issue=4&rft.spage=256&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=International+journal+of+occupational+and+environmental+health&rft.issn=10773525&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 2000-02-02 N1 - Date created - 2000-02-02 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Dioxin and dioxin-like compounds in soil, Part I: ATSDR policy guideline. AN - 69267405; 10560133 JF - Toxicology and industrial health AU - De Rosa, C T AU - Brown, D AU - Dhara, R AU - Garrett, W AU - Hansen, H AU - Holler, J AU - Jones, D AU - Jordan-Izaguirre, D AU - O'Conner, R AU - Pohl, H AU - Xintaras, C AD - Agency for Toxic Substances and Disease Registry, US Department of Health and Human Services, Atlanta, GA 30333, USA. cyd0@cdc.gov Y1 - 1999/10// PY - 1999 DA - October 1999 SP - 552 EP - 557 VL - 15 IS - 6 SN - 0748-2337, 0748-2337 KW - Dioxins KW - 0 KW - Soil Pollutants KW - Index Medicus KW - United States KW - Policy Making KW - Public Health KW - Humans KW - Guidelines as Topic KW - Environmental Pollution -- prevention & control KW - Public Policy KW - Dioxins -- standards UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/69267405?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Toxicology+and+industrial+health&rft.atitle=Dioxin+and+dioxin-like+compounds+in+soil%2C+Part+I%3A+ATSDR+policy+guideline.&rft.au=De+Rosa%2C+C+T%3BBrown%2C+D%3BDhara%2C+R%3BGarrett%2C+W%3BHansen%2C+H%3BHoller%2C+J%3BJones%2C+D%3BJordan-Izaguirre%2C+D%3BO%27Conner%2C+R%3BPohl%2C+H%3BXintaras%2C+C&rft.aulast=De+Rosa&rft.aufirst=C&rft.date=1999-10-01&rft.volume=15&rft.issue=6&rft.spage=552&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Toxicology+and+industrial+health&rft.issn=07482337&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1999-11-26 N1 - Date created - 1999-11-26 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Alterations in rabbit kidney protein expression following lead exposure as analyzed by two-dimensional gel electrophoresis. AN - 69227406; 10546836 AB - It was recently reported that low blood lead levels impaired kidney function in men. To develop a set of molecular markers of renal lead exposure and effect, we investigated changes in renal protein expression while approximating occupational lead exposure at subchronic, low blood levels. Lead was administered to male Dutch Belted rabbits as a lead acetate solution adjusted weekly to achieve and maintain the target blood lead levels of 0, 20, 40, and 80 microg/dL for 15 weeks. Lead exposure did not affect kidney or body weights. The effect of increasing blood lead on protein expression was evaluated in rabbit kidney by large-scale two-dimensional electrophoresis (2-DE). Significant quantitative changes (p < 0.05) occurred in a dose-related manner in 12 proteins at 20 microg/dL exposure, 25 at 40 microg/dL, and 102 at 80 microg/dL. At a higher level of significance (p < 0.001), 40 microg/dL blood lead resulted in one protein alteration and 80 microg/dL affected 14 proteins. A set of quantitatively altered charge variants was tentatively identified as glutathione-S-transferase (GST), based on similar observations in rodents subjected to short-term, very high lead exposure. The significance of the protein alterations observed as markers of toxicity awaits their conclusive identification. Investigation of the kidney 2-DE profile in lead-exposed rabbit may be useful in understanding the mechanism of lead nephrotoxicity in humans. JF - Electrophoresis AU - Kanitz, M H AU - Witzmann, F A AU - Zhu, H AU - Fultz, C D AU - Skaggs, S AU - Moorman, W J AU - Savage, R E AD - National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, Division of Biomedical and Behavioral Sciences, Experimental Toxicology Branch, Cincinnati, OH 45226-1998, USA. mhk2@cdc.gov Y1 - 1999/10// PY - 1999 DA - October 1999 SP - 2977 EP - 2985 VL - 20 IS - 14 SN - 0173-0835, 0173-0835 KW - Lead KW - 2P299V784P KW - Index Medicus KW - Animals KW - Electrophoresis, Gel, Two-Dimensional KW - Rabbits KW - Male KW - Protein Biosynthesis KW - Kidney -- metabolism KW - Lead -- toxicity UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/69227406?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Electrophoresis&rft.atitle=Alterations+in+rabbit+kidney+protein+expression+following+lead+exposure+as+analyzed+by+two-dimensional+gel+electrophoresis.&rft.au=Kanitz%2C+M+H%3BWitzmann%2C+F+A%3BZhu%2C+H%3BFultz%2C+C+D%3BSkaggs%2C+S%3BMoorman%2C+W+J%3BSavage%2C+R+E&rft.aulast=Kanitz&rft.aufirst=M&rft.date=1999-10-01&rft.volume=20&rft.issue=14&rft.spage=2977&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Electrophoresis&rft.issn=01730835&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1999-11-22 N1 - Date created - 1999-11-22 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Incident syphilis among women with multiple admissions to jailin New York City AN - 18308249; 5352528 AB - Although early syphilis morbidity in New York City (NYC) has declined to a record low, syphilis seroreactivity among women jailed in NYC is approximately 25%. By use of a retrospective cohort-type analysis of longitudinal serologic and treatment data collected at the time of each incarceration, the incidence of syphilis infection among 3579 susceptible women jailed multiple times in NYC between 23 March 1993 and 10 April 1997 was estimated. Syphilis incidence densities were estimated by use of continuous, time-homogeneous Markov models. There was a total of 289 incident infections. The overall incidence density was 6.5 infections per 100 woman-years (95% confidence interval, 5.7-7.2), which exceeds the 1997 early syphilis rate among women in NYC by >1000-fold. The persisting high incidence of syphilis in this population underscores the importance of aggressive syphilis control in correctional settings, even in the face of declining local early syphilis rates. JF - Journal of Infectious Diseases AU - Blank, S AU - Sternberg, M AU - Neylans, L L AU - Rubin AU - Weisfuse, IB AU - Louis, MES AD - Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Division of STD Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia, USA Y1 - 1999/10// PY - 1999 DA - Oct 1999 SP - 1159 EP - 1163 VL - 180 IS - 4 SN - 0022-1899, 0022-1899 KW - USA, New York KW - Microbiology Abstracts B: Bacteriology KW - Prisons KW - Disease spread KW - Mathematical models KW - Epidemiology KW - Females KW - Syphilis KW - J 02847:Genitourinary tract UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/18308249?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologyb&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Infectious+Diseases&rft.atitle=Incident+syphilis+among+women+with+multiple+admissions+to+jailin+New+York+City&rft.au=Blank%2C+S%3BSternberg%2C+M%3BNeylans%2C+L+L%3BRubin%3BWeisfuse%2C+IB%3BLouis%2C+MES&rft.aulast=Blank&rft.aufirst=S&rft.date=1999-10-01&rft.volume=180&rft.issue=4&rft.spage=1159&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+Infectious+Diseases&rft.issn=00221899&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Syphilis; Females; Disease spread; Prisons; Epidemiology; Mathematical models ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Dioxin and dioxin-like compounds in soil, Part II: Technical support document for ATSDR policy guideline AN - 17421251; 4641710 AB - Dioxin remains at the forefront of public health concerns in the United States and throughout the world. Over the past 20 years, a wide range of federal agencies and other organizations have been involved in developing policy statements, strategies, and assessment methods to address the public health implications of dioxin exposure. These positions were developed in response to issues confronted by those organizations in pursuing their missions, often as a direct function of legislative mandates. Because of distinct differences in perspective, policy, and practice, dictated by the mandated activities of these organizations and the evolving understanding of dioxin toxicity, apparently divergent positions may be reflected in their conclusions. In pursuing its mandated responsibilities, the Agency for Toxic Substances and Disease Registry (ATSDR) must address public health concerns associated with exposure to dioxin and dioxin-like compounds in the context of all available relevant information. This information includes both technical data and science policy positions adopted by ATSDR and others that are germane to the public health assessment of dioxin and dioxin-like compounds. The issues outlined previously, coupled with requests from the public, other agencies, the private sector, and agency staff for a statement reflecting the agency's position on science and science policy issues related to dioxin and dioxin-like compounds, prompted the development of this technical support document. This document is intended to serve as technical background and support for the agency policy guideline on dioxin and dioxin-like compounds in soil and to harmonize such efforts with those of other federal agencies and relevant organizations to the extent practicable. This document reflects an assessment of current practice within the agency and defines the appropriate roles of professional judgment and emerging scientific principles in ATSDR's public health assessments of exposures to dioxin and dioxin-like compounds. This document is not intended to supplant the Environmental Protection Agency's (EPA) ongoing reassessment of dioxin and dioxin-like compounds or ATSDR's toxicological profile on chlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxins (CDDs), but it will provide technical background support for ATSDR's public health practice at sites contaminated by dioxin and dioxin-like compounds. A central theme of this document is the use of health guidance values in the broader context of biomedical and other scientific judgment to define exposures of concern rather than single numerical conclusions that may convey an artificial sense of precision. JF - Toxicology and Industrial Health AU - De Rosa, CT AU - Brown, D AU - Dhara, R AU - Garrett, W AU - Hansen, H AU - Holler, J AU - Jones, D AU - Jordan-Izaguirre, D AU - O'Conner, R AU - Pohl, H AU - Xintaras, C AD - Division of Toxicology, Agency for Toxic Substances and Disease Registry, Mailstop E-29, 1600 Clifton Road, NE, Atlanta, GA 30333, USA, cyd0@cdc.gov Y1 - 1999/10// PY - 1999 DA - Oct 1999 SP - 558 EP - 576 VL - 15 IS - 6 SN - 0748-2337, 0748-2337 KW - Toxicology Abstracts; Health & Safety Science Abstracts; Pollution Abstracts KW - Organochlorine compounds KW - Government policy KW - Public health KW - PCDF KW - PCDD KW - Polychlorinated dibenzo(p)dioxins KW - Government policies KW - Polychlorinated dibenzofurans KW - TCDD KW - Legislation KW - X 24230:Legislation & recommended standards KW - P 9000:ENVIRONMENTAL ACTION KW - H 12000:Epidemiology and Public Health UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/17421251?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxicologyabstracts&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Toxicology+and+Industrial+Health&rft.atitle=Dioxin+and+dioxin-like+compounds+in+soil%2C+Part+II%3A+Technical+support+document+for+ATSDR+policy+guideline&rft.au=De+Rosa%2C+CT%3BBrown%2C+D%3BDhara%2C+R%3BGarrett%2C+W%3BHansen%2C+H%3BHoller%2C+J%3BJones%2C+D%3BJordan-Izaguirre%2C+D%3BO%27Conner%2C+R%3BPohl%2C+H%3BXintaras%2C+C&rft.aulast=De+Rosa&rft.aufirst=CT&rft.date=1999-10-01&rft.volume=15&rft.issue=6&rft.spage=558&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Toxicology+and+Industrial+Health&rft.issn=07482337&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Legislation; Public health; Government policies; TCDD; Organochlorine compounds; PCDD; PCDF; Government policy; Polychlorinated dibenzofurans; Polychlorinated dibenzo(p)dioxins ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Evaluation of Cryptosporidium parvum genotyping techniques AN - 17404379; 4615244 AB - We evaluated the specificity and sensitivity of 11 previously described species differentiation and genotyping PCR protocols for detection of Cryptosporidium parasites. Genomic DNA from three species of Cryptosporidium parasites (genotype 1 and genotype 2 of C. parvum, C. muris, and C. serpentis), two Eimeria species (E. neischulzi and E. papillata), and Giardia duodenalis were used to evaluate the specificity of primers. Furthermore, the sensitivity of the genotyping primers was tested by using genomic DNA isolated from known numbers of oocysts obtained from a genotype 2 C. parvum isolate. PCR amplification was repeated at least three times with all of the primer pairs. Of the 11 protocols studied, 10 amplified C. parvum genotypes 1 and 2, and the expected fragment sizes were obtained. Our results indicate that two species-differentiating protocols are not Cryptosporidium specific, as the primers used in these protocols also amplified the DNA of Eimeria species. The sensitivity studies revealed that two nested PCR-restriction fragment length polymorphism (RFLP) protocols based on the small-subunit rRNA and dihydrofolate reductase genes are more sensitive than single-round PCR or PCR-RFLP protocols. JF - Applied and Environmental Microbiology AU - Sulaiman, I M AU - Xiao, L AU - Lal, A A AD - Division of Parasitic Diseases, National Center for Infectious Diseases, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Building 22, Mail Stop F-12, 4770 Buford Highway, Atlanta, GA 30341-3717, USA, AAL1@CDC.GOV Y1 - 1999/10// PY - 1999 DA - Oct 1999 SP - 4431 EP - 4435 VL - 65 IS - 10 SN - 0099-2240, 0099-2240 KW - rRNA KW - Biotechnology and Bioengineering Abstracts; Agricultural and Environmental Biotechnology Abstracts; Microbiology Abstracts C: Algology, Mycology & Protozoology KW - Cryptosporidium serpentis KW - Oocysts KW - Genotyping KW - Restriction fragment length polymorphism KW - Cryptosporidium muris KW - Cryptosporidium parvum KW - Gene amplification KW - DNA KW - Polymerase chain reaction KW - W 30965:Miscellaneous, Reviews KW - K 03071:Protozoa KW - W2 32243:Molecular methods UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/17404379?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Abiotechresearch&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Applied+and+Environmental+Microbiology&rft.atitle=Evaluation+of+Cryptosporidium+parvum+genotyping+techniques&rft.au=Sulaiman%2C+I+M%3BXiao%2C+L%3BLal%2C+A+A&rft.aulast=Sulaiman&rft.aufirst=I&rft.date=1999-10-01&rft.volume=65&rft.issue=10&rft.spage=4431&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Applied+and+Environmental+Microbiology&rft.issn=00992240&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Cryptosporidium parvum; Cryptosporidium muris; Cryptosporidium serpentis; Genotyping; Polymerase chain reaction; Restriction fragment length polymorphism; Gene amplification; DNA; Oocysts ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Dusky-footed wood rats (Neotoma fuscipes) as reservoirs of granulocytic ehrlichiae (Rickettsiales: Ehrlichieae) in northern California AN - 17388452; 4614153 AB - Dusky-footed wood rats (Neotoma fuscipes) and Peromyscus sp. mice (P. maniculatus and P. truei) were collected from one site in Placer County, one site in Santa Cruz County, and two sites in Sonoma County in northern California. Serum or plasma samples from 260 rodents were tested for antibodies to the agent of human granulocytic ehrlichiosis. Of these, samples from 25 wood rats (34% of those tested) and 10 (8%) Peromyscus sp. mice were found to be seropositive, but only those from one site. PCR assays targeting the groESL heat shock operon were conducted on all seropositive specimens and a subset of seronegative blood specimens. Ehrlichial DNA was identified in 17 (68%) of the 25 seropositive wood rat blood samples and in 1 of the 10 (10%) Peromyscus sp. specimens. None of 40 seronegative blood samples was PCR positive. Both seropositive and PCR-positive animals were collected during each trapping period. One male tick out of 84 Ixodes pacificus adults collected was PCR positive; samples of Dermacentor occidentalis nymphs and adults were negative. Nucleotide sequences of amplicons from three wood rat blood specimens and from the single PCR-positive tick differed by one and two bases, respectively, from a sequence previously obtained from Ehrlichia equi. At one site in Sonoma County, wood rats had a concurrent high prevalence of seropositivity and PCR positivity, while other sigmodontine rodents collected at the site were only occasionally infected. We suggest that dusky-footed wood rats serve as reservoirs of granulocytic ehrlichial agents in certain areas of northern California. The tick species involved in the transmission of granulocytic ehrlichiae among wood rats remains unknown. JF - Journal of Clinical Microbiology AU - Nicholson, W L AU - Castro, M B AU - Kramer, V L AU - Sumner, J W AU - Childs, JE AD - Viral and Rickettsial Zoonoses Branch, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Mail Stop G-13, 1600 Clifton Rd., Atlanta, GA 30333, USA, wan6@cdc.gov Y1 - 1999/10// PY - 1999 DA - Oct 1999 SP - 3323 EP - 3327 VL - 37 IS - 10 SN - 0095-1137, 0095-1137 KW - Acari KW - Deer mice KW - Dusky-footed woodrat KW - blood KW - serum KW - animals KW - Human granulocytic ehrlichiosis KW - USA, California KW - ehrlichiosis KW - Microbiology Abstracts B: Bacteriology; Entomology Abstracts KW - Ixodidae KW - Vectors KW - Ehrlichiosis KW - Peromyscus maniculatus KW - Ixodes pacificus KW - Disease transmission KW - Antibodies KW - Ehrlichia equi KW - Dermacentor occidentalis KW - DNA KW - Polymerase chain reaction KW - Neotoma fuscipes KW - Peromyscus KW - Insecta KW - J 02855:Human Bacteriology: Others KW - J 02862:Infection KW - Z 05206:Medical & veterinary entomology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/17388452?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologyb&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Clinical+Microbiology&rft.atitle=Dusky-footed+wood+rats+%28Neotoma+fuscipes%29+as+reservoirs+of+granulocytic+ehrlichiae+%28Rickettsiales%3A+Ehrlichieae%29+in+northern+California&rft.au=Nicholson%2C+W+L%3BCastro%2C+M+B%3BKramer%2C+V+L%3BSumner%2C+J+W%3BChilds%2C+JE&rft.aulast=Nicholson&rft.aufirst=W&rft.date=1999-10-01&rft.volume=37&rft.issue=10&rft.spage=3323&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+Clinical+Microbiology&rft.issn=00951137&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Peromyscus; Neotoma fuscipes; Ixodidae; Dermacentor occidentalis; Ehrlichia equi; Peromyscus maniculatus; Ixodes pacificus; DNA; Insecta; Disease transmission; Ehrlichiosis; Antibodies; Polymerase chain reaction; Vectors ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Conformational nature of the Borrelia burgdorferi B31 outer surface protein C protective epitope AN - 17345652; 4615070 AB - Active immunization with Escherichia coli-expressed recombinant outer surface protein C (OspC) of Borrelia burgdorferi has been demonstrated to confer protection against a tick-transmitted infection on laboratory animals. A previous study in this laboratory showed that OspC antibody raised against a denatured immunogen isolated from B. burgdorferi cells failed to provide protective immunity. Therefore, to determine whether the protective epitope of the recombinant antigen was sensitive to denaturation, recombinant OspC preparations were subjected to heat and chemical treatments prior to animal immunization. Following seroconversion to OspC, the animals were challenged with an infectious dose of B. burgdorferi B31 by tick bite. Whereas mice immunized with a soluble, nondenatured form continued to show protection rates close to 100%, mice that had been immunized with denatured antigen were not protected. Furthermore, mice that were immunized with an insoluble (rather than a soluble), nondenatured form of the recombinant OspC showed a protection rate of only 40%. Protective epitope localization experiments showed that either the amino or the carboxy end of the recombinant protein was required to react with a protective OspC-specific monoclonal antibody. The data from these experiments demonstrate that a conformational organization of the protein is essential for the protective capability of the strain B31 OspC immunogen. JF - Infection and Immunity AU - Gilmore, RD Jr AU - Mbow, M L AD - DVBID, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, P.O. Box 2087, Foothills Campus, Fort Collins, CO 80522, USA, rbg9@cdc.gov Y1 - 1999/10// PY - 1999 DA - Oct 1999 SP - 5463 EP - 5469 VL - 67 IS - 10 SN - 0019-9567, 0019-9567 KW - OspC protein KW - Microbiology Abstracts B: Bacteriology KW - Denaturation KW - Antigens KW - Borrelia burgdorferi KW - Recombinant KW - Epitopes KW - Immunization KW - J 02832:Antigenic properties and virulence UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/17345652?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologyb&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Infection+and+Immunity&rft.atitle=Conformational+nature+of+the+Borrelia+burgdorferi+B31+outer+surface+protein+C+protective+epitope&rft.au=Gilmore%2C+RD+Jr%3BMbow%2C+M+L&rft.aulast=Gilmore&rft.aufirst=RD&rft.date=1999-10-01&rft.volume=67&rft.issue=10&rft.spage=5463&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Infection+and+Immunity&rft.issn=00199567&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Borrelia burgdorferi; Recombinant; Immunization; Antigens; Denaturation; Epitopes ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Quantitation of ergosterol content: Novel method for determination of fluconazole susceptibility of Candida albicans AN - 17343878; 4614164 AB - MIC end points for the most commonly prescribed azole antifungal drug, fluconazole, can be difficult to determine because its fungistatic nature can lead to excessive 'trailing' of growth during susceptibility testing by National Committee for Clinical Laboratory Standards broth macrodilution and microdilution methods. To overcome this ambiguity, and because fluconazole acts by inhibiting ergosterol biosynthesis, we developed a novel method to differentiate fluconazole-susceptible from fluconazole-resistant isolates by quantitating ergosterol production in cells grown in 0, 1, 4, 16, or 64 mu g of fluconazole per ml. Ergosterol was isolated from whole yeast cells by saponification, followed by extraction of nonsaponifiable lipids with heptane. Ergosterol was identified by its unique spectrophotometric absorbance profile between 240 and 300 nm. We used this sterol quantitation method (SQM) to test 38 isolates with broth microdilution end points of less than or equal to 8 mu g/ml (susceptible), 16 to 32 mu g/ml (susceptible dose-dependent [SDD]), or greater than or equal to 64 mu g/ml (resistant) and 10 isolates with trailing end points by the broth microdilution method. No significant differences in mean ergosterol content were observed between any of the isolates grown in the absence of fluconazole. However, 18 susceptible isolates showed a mean reduction in ergosterol content of 72% after exposure to 1 mu g of fluconazole/ml, an 84% reduction after exposure to 4 mu g/ml, and 95 and 100% reductions after exposure to 16 and 64 mu g of fluconazole/ml, respectively. Ten SDD isolates showed mean ergosterol reductions of 38, 57, 73, and 99% after exposure to 1, 4, 16, and 64 mu g of fluconazole/ml, respectively. In contrast, 10 resistant isolates showed mean reductions in ergosterol content of only 25, 38, 53, and 84% after exposure to the same concentrations of fluconazole. The MIC of fluconazole, by using the SQM, was defined as the lowest concentration of the drug which resulted in 80% or greater inhibition of overall mean ergosterol biosynthesis compared to that in the drug-free control. Of 38 isolates which gave clear end points by the broth microdilution method, the SQM MIC was within 2 dilutions of the broth microdilution MIC for 33 (87%). The SQM also discriminated between resistant and highly resistant isolates and was particularly useful for discerning the fluconazole susceptibilities of 10 additional isolates which gave equivocal end points by the broth microdilution method due to trailing growth. In contrast to the broth microdilution method, the SQM determined trailing isolates to be susceptible rather than resistant, indicating that the SQM may predict clinical outcome more accurately. The SQM may provide a means to enhance current methods of fluconazole susceptibility testing and may provide a better correlation of in vitro with in vivo results, particularly for isolates with trailing end points. JF - Journal of Clinical Microbiology AU - Arthington-Skaggs, BA AU - Jradi, H AU - Desai, T AU - Morrison, C J AD - Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, 1600 Clifton Rd., NE Mailstop G-11, Atlanta, GA 30333, USA, cjm3@cdc.gov Y1 - 1999/10// PY - 1999 DA - Oct 1999 SP - 3332 EP - 3337 VL - 37 IS - 10 SN - 0095-1137, 0095-1137 KW - Ergosterol KW - Microbiology Abstracts A: Industrial & Applied Microbiology; Microbiology Abstracts C: Algology, Mycology & Protozoology KW - Fluconazole KW - Antifungal agents KW - Drug sensitivity testing KW - Candida albicans KW - Minimum inhibitory concentration KW - A 01067:Antifungal & fungicidal KW - K 03063:Effects of physical & chemical factors UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/17343878?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologya&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Clinical+Microbiology&rft.atitle=Quantitation+of+ergosterol+content%3A+Novel+method+for+determination+of+fluconazole+susceptibility+of+Candida+albicans&rft.au=Arthington-Skaggs%2C+BA%3BJradi%2C+H%3BDesai%2C+T%3BMorrison%2C+C+J&rft.aulast=Arthington-Skaggs&rft.aufirst=BA&rft.date=1999-10-01&rft.volume=37&rft.issue=10&rft.spage=3332&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+Clinical+Microbiology&rft.issn=00951137&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Candida albicans; Drug sensitivity testing; Minimum inhibitory concentration; Antifungal agents; Fluconazole ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Optimizing culture of Chlamydia pneumoniae by using multiple centrifugations AN - 17336834; 4614154 AB - Three methods for the recovery of Chlamydia pneumoniae from spiked nasopharyngeal and blood specimens, including extended culture and additional centrifugations, were compared. Additional centrifugations and a 7-day culture time resulted in a 500- to 5,000-fold increase in the number of detectable inclusion-forming units. JF - Journal of Clinical Microbiology AU - Pruckler, J M AU - Masse, N AU - Stevens, V A AU - Gang, L AU - Yang, Y AU - Zell, E R AU - Dowell, S F AU - Fields, B S AD - Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, 1600 Clifton Rd., N.E., Mailstop C02, Atlanta GA 30333, USA, jmp5@cdc.gov Y1 - 1999/10// PY - 1999 DA - Oct 1999 SP - 3399 EP - 3401 VL - 37 IS - 10 SN - 0095-1137, 0095-1137 KW - Microbiology Abstracts A: Industrial & Applied Microbiology; Microbiology Abstracts B: Bacteriology KW - Nasopharynx KW - Blood KW - Centrifugation KW - Chlamydia pneumoniae KW - Culture systems KW - Media (isolation) KW - A 01116:Bacteria KW - J 02702:Transport, isolation, selection and enrichment UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/17336834?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologyb&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Clinical+Microbiology&rft.atitle=Optimizing+culture+of+Chlamydia+pneumoniae+by+using+multiple+centrifugations&rft.au=Pruckler%2C+J+M%3BMasse%2C+N%3BStevens%2C+V+A%3BGang%2C+L%3BYang%2C+Y%3BZell%2C+E+R%3BDowell%2C+S+F%3BFields%2C+B+S&rft.aulast=Pruckler&rft.aufirst=J&rft.date=1999-10-01&rft.volume=37&rft.issue=10&rft.spage=3399&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+Clinical+Microbiology&rft.issn=00951137&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Chlamydia pneumoniae; Nasopharynx; Media (isolation); Centrifugation; Culture systems; Blood ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Ciprofloxacin resistance in Campylobacter jejuni isolates: Detection of gyrA resistance mutations by mismatch amplification mutation assay PCR and DNA sequence analysis AN - 17331065; 4614088 AB - The gyrA quinolone resistance determining region was sequenced from 13 ciprofloxacin-resistant and 20 ciprofloxacin-susceptible Campylobacter jejuni isolates. All isolates resistant to ciprofloxacin had Thr-86-to-Ile mutations, a mutation frequently associated with the acquisition of resistance to fluoroquinolones. A mismatch amplification mutation assay (MAMA) PCR protocol was developed that detects this gyrA mutation in quinolone-resistant isolates. The MAMA PCR provides a means for routine detection of the gyrA mutation without the need for sequencing the gyrA gene. JF - Journal of Clinical Microbiology AU - Zirnstein, G AU - Li, Y AU - Swaminathan, B AU - Angulo, F AD - Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Mail Stop C03, 1600 Clifton Rd., Atlanta, GA 30333, USA, gaz3@cdc.gov Y1 - 1999/10// PY - 1999 DA - Oct 1999 SP - 3276 EP - 3280 VL - 37 IS - 10 SN - 0095-1137, 0095-1137 KW - gyrA gene KW - Microbiology Abstracts B: Bacteriology KW - Ciprofloxacin KW - Drug resistance KW - Campylobacter jejuni KW - Polymerase chain reaction KW - Antibacterial agents KW - Mutation KW - J 02814:Drug resistance UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/17331065?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologyb&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Clinical+Microbiology&rft.atitle=Ciprofloxacin+resistance+in+Campylobacter+jejuni+isolates%3A+Detection+of+gyrA+resistance+mutations+by+mismatch+amplification+mutation+assay+PCR+and+DNA+sequence+analysis&rft.au=Zirnstein%2C+G%3BLi%2C+Y%3BSwaminathan%2C+B%3BAngulo%2C+F&rft.aulast=Zirnstein&rft.aufirst=G&rft.date=1999-10-01&rft.volume=37&rft.issue=10&rft.spage=3276&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+Clinical+Microbiology&rft.issn=00951137&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Campylobacter jejuni; Mutation; Antibacterial agents; Drug resistance; Ciprofloxacin; Polymerase chain reaction ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Bidi use among urban youth--Massachusetts, March-April 1999. AN - 70780341; 10499783 AB - Tobacco use is the leading preventable cause of death in the United States. Bidis are small, brown, hand-rolled cigarettes primarily made in India and other southeast Asian countries consisting of tobacco wrapped in a tendu or temburni leaf (Diospyros melanoxylon ). In the United States, bidis are purchased for $1.50-$4.00 for one package of 20 and are available in different flavors (e.g., cherry, chocolate, and mango). Anecdotal reports indicate that bidi use was first observed during the mid-1990s and seems to be widespread among youth and racial/ethnic minority adolescents. This report summarizes preliminary data collected from a convenience sample of adolescents surveyed during March and early April 1999 in Massachusetts on the prevalence of bidi use among urban youth; these data indicate that of 642 youth surveyed, 40% had smoked bidis at least once during their lifetimes and 16% were current bidi smokers. JF - MMWR. Morbidity and mortality weekly report AU - Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) AD - Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) Y1 - 1999/09/17/ PY - 1999 DA - 1999 Sep 17 SP - 796 EP - 799 VL - 48 IS - 36 SN - 0149-2195, 0149-2195 KW - Tars KW - 0 KW - Nicotine KW - 6M3C89ZY6R KW - Carbon Monoxide KW - 7U1EE4V452 KW - Index Medicus KW - Humans KW - Massachusetts -- epidemiology KW - Adolescent KW - Urban Population KW - Smoking -- epidemiology KW - Male KW - Female KW - Tobacco Use Disorder -- epidemiology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/70780341?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=MMWR.+Morbidity+and+mortality+weekly+report&rft.atitle=Bidi+use+among+urban+youth--Massachusetts%2C+March-April+1999.&rft.au=Centers+for+Disease+Control+and+Prevention+%28CDC%29&rft.aulast=Centers+for+Disease+Control+and+Prevention+%28CDC%29&rft.aufirst=&rft.date=1999-09-17&rft.volume=48&rft.issue=36&rft.spage=796&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=MMWR.+Morbidity+and+mortality+weekly+report&rft.issn=01492195&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1999-09-29 N1 - Date created - 1999-09-29 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Multiple human exposures to a rabid bear cub at a petting zoo and barnwarming--Iowa, August 1999. AN - 70783521; 10499789 AB - On August 27, 1999, a black bear cub, approximately 5-6 months old, died after several hours of acute central nervous system symptoms; preliminary test results available on August 28 indicated the bear had rabies. The bear was part of the Swenson's Wild Midwest Exotic Petting Zoo in Clermont, Iowa (northeastern Iowa). At the petting zoo, visitors fed, wrestled, and may have been nipped by the bear. The bear also was taken to an August 14 barnwarming at the Tharp barn in Holy Cross, Iowa (eastern Iowa), where it reportedly nipped people. An estimated 400 people from 10 states (Arizona, California, Florida, Illinois, Iowa, Minnesota, New Mexico, New York, Ohio, and Wisconsin) and Australia had contact with the bear cub at either the petting zoo or the barnwarming during the 28 days before its death, during which the bear may have transmitted rabies virus. JF - MMWR. Morbidity and mortality weekly report AU - Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) AD - Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) Y1 - 1999/09/03/ PY - 1999 DA - 1999 Sep 03 SP - 761 VL - 48 IS - 34 SN - 0149-2195, 0149-2195 KW - Index Medicus KW - Animals KW - Recreation KW - Humans KW - Communicable Disease Control KW - Iowa KW - Ursidae KW - Rabies -- veterinary KW - Rabies -- transmission KW - Bites and Stings -- virology KW - Rabies -- prevention & control UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/70783521?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=MMWR.+Morbidity+and+mortality+weekly+report&rft.atitle=Multiple+human+exposures+to+a+rabid+bear+cub+at+a+petting+zoo+and+barnwarming--Iowa%2C+August+1999.&rft.au=Centers+for+Disease+Control+and+Prevention+%28CDC%29&rft.aulast=Centers+for+Disease+Control+and+Prevention+%28CDC%29&rft.aufirst=&rft.date=1999-09-03&rft.volume=48&rft.issue=34&rft.spage=761&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=MMWR.+Morbidity+and+mortality+weekly+report&rft.issn=01492195&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1999-09-28 N1 - Date created - 1999-09-28 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Hazardous occupational exposure and lung disease among nylon flock workers. AN - 70850704; 10519816 JF - American journal of industrial medicine AU - Burkhart, J AU - Jones, W AU - Porter, D W AU - Washko, R M AU - Eschenbacher, W L AU - Castellan, R M AD - Division of Respiratory Disease Studies, National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, Morgantown, WV 26505, USA. jeb7@cdc.gov Y1 - 1999/09// PY - 1999 DA - September 1999 SP - 145 EP - 146 VL - Suppl 1 SN - 0271-3586, 0271-3586 KW - Air Pollutants, Occupational KW - 0 KW - Hazardous Substances KW - Nylons KW - Index Medicus KW - United States KW - Rats KW - Animals KW - Risk Factors KW - Humans KW - National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (U.S.) KW - Lung Diseases, Interstitial -- prevention & control KW - Occupational Diseases -- prevention & control KW - Air Pollutants, Occupational -- adverse effects KW - Occupational Diseases -- etiology KW - Occupational Exposure -- adverse effects KW - Nylons -- adverse effects KW - Lung Diseases, Interstitial -- etiology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/70850704?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=American+journal+of+industrial+medicine&rft.atitle=Hazardous+occupational+exposure+and+lung+disease+among+nylon+flock+workers.&rft.au=Burkhart%2C+J%3BJones%2C+W%3BPorter%2C+D+W%3BWashko%2C+R+M%3BEschenbacher%2C+W+L%3BCastellan%2C+R+M&rft.aulast=Burkhart&rft.aufirst=J&rft.date=1999-09-01&rft.volume=Suppl+1&rft.issue=&rft.spage=145&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=American+journal+of+industrial+medicine&rft.issn=02713586&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1999-11-24 N1 - Date created - 1999-11-24 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Safety climate dimensions associated with occupational exposure to blood-borne pathogens in nurses. AN - 70850594; 10519808 JF - American journal of industrial medicine AU - Grosch, J W AU - Gershon, R R AU - Murphy, L R AU - DeJoy, D M AD - National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, Cincinnati, OH 45226, USA. jkg9@cdc.gov Y1 - 1999/09// PY - 1999 DA - September 1999 SP - 122 EP - 124 VL - Suppl 1 SN - 0271-3586, 0271-3586 KW - Index Medicus KW - AIDS/HIV KW - Hepatitis B -- prevention & control KW - HIV Infections -- transmission KW - Risk Factors KW - Humans KW - HIV Infections -- prevention & control KW - Adult KW - Health Knowledge, Attitudes, Practice KW - Universal Precautions KW - Male KW - Hepatitis B -- transmission KW - Female KW - Nursing Staff, Hospital KW - Occupational Diseases -- prevention & control KW - Blood-Borne Pathogens KW - Safety Management UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/70850594?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=American+journal+of+industrial+medicine&rft.atitle=Safety+climate+dimensions+associated+with+occupational+exposure+to+blood-borne+pathogens+in+nurses.&rft.au=Grosch%2C+J+W%3BGershon%2C+R+R%3BMurphy%2C+L+R%3BDeJoy%2C+D+M&rft.aulast=Grosch&rft.aufirst=J&rft.date=1999-09-01&rft.volume=Suppl+1&rft.issue=&rft.spage=122&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=American+journal+of+industrial+medicine&rft.issn=02713586&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1999-11-24 N1 - Date created - 1999-11-24 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Farm work planning simulation in multi-media: A comparative evaluation. AN - 70850535; 10519805 JF - American journal of industrial medicine AU - Britt, M AU - Chrislip, D AU - Bayer, S AU - Cole, H AU - Kidd, P AU - Parshall, M AU - Isaacs, S AU - Struttman, T AU - Colligan, M AU - Scharf, T AD - Education and Information Division, The National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, Cincinnati, OH 45226-1988, USA. ZHD6@cdc.gov Y1 - 1999/09// PY - 1999 DA - September 1999 SP - 113 EP - 115 VL - Suppl 1 SN - 0271-3586, 0271-3586 KW - Index Medicus KW - Accidents, Occupational -- prevention & control KW - Costs and Cost Analysis KW - Wounds and Injuries -- etiology KW - Humans KW - Adult KW - Kentucky KW - Safety Management -- economics KW - Wounds and Injuries -- prevention & control KW - Adolescent KW - Accidents, Occupational -- economics KW - Wounds and Injuries -- economics KW - Agriculture -- economics KW - Computer Simulation KW - Multimedia KW - Financial Management -- economics UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/70850535?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=American+journal+of+industrial+medicine&rft.atitle=Farm+work+planning+simulation+in+multi-media%3A+A+comparative+evaluation.&rft.au=Britt%2C+M%3BChrislip%2C+D%3BBayer%2C+S%3BCole%2C+H%3BKidd%2C+P%3BParshall%2C+M%3BIsaacs%2C+S%3BStruttman%2C+T%3BColligan%2C+M%3BScharf%2C+T&rft.aulast=Britt&rft.aufirst=M&rft.date=1999-09-01&rft.volume=Suppl+1&rft.issue=&rft.spage=113&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=American+journal+of+industrial+medicine&rft.issn=02713586&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1999-11-24 N1 - Date created - 1999-11-24 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Evaluation of the Permea-Tec pads as new technology for the detection of chemical breakthrough in PPC. AN - 70835238; 10519810 JF - American journal of industrial medicine AU - El-Ayouby, N S AU - Berardinelli, S P AU - Hall, R C AD - National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, Division of Safety Research Morgantown, WV 26505, USA. nae7@cdc.gov Y1 - 1999/09// PY - 1999 DA - September 1999 SP - 128 EP - 129 VL - Suppl 1 SN - 0271-3586, 0271-3586 KW - Amines KW - 0 KW - Aniline Compounds KW - Capsules KW - Ethylamines KW - Indicators and Reagents KW - Solvents KW - aniline KW - SIR7XX2F1K KW - triethylamine KW - VOU728O6AY KW - Index Medicus KW - Ethylamines -- toxicity KW - Humans KW - Aniline Compounds -- toxicity KW - Gloves, Protective KW - Solvents -- toxicity KW - Dermatitis, Occupational -- etiology KW - Amines -- toxicity KW - Dermatitis, Occupational -- prevention & control UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/70835238?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=American+journal+of+industrial+medicine&rft.atitle=Evaluation+of+the+Permea-Tec+pads+as+new+technology+for+the+detection+of+chemical+breakthrough+in+PPC.&rft.au=El-Ayouby%2C+N+S%3BBerardinelli%2C+S+P%3BHall%2C+R+C&rft.aulast=El-Ayouby&rft.aufirst=N&rft.date=1999-09-01&rft.volume=Suppl+1&rft.issue=&rft.spage=128&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=American+journal+of+industrial+medicine&rft.issn=02713586&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1999-11-24 N1 - Date created - 1999-11-24 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Effects of a preventive message in the organizational context: occupational latex allergy in hospitals. AN - 70835195; 10519809 JF - American journal of industrial medicine AU - Maxfield, A M AU - Lewis, M J AU - Tisdale, J A AU - Lachenmayr, S AU - Lum, M AD - National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, Office of Health Communications, Washington, DC 20201, USA. aqm6@cdc.gov Y1 - 1999/09// PY - 1999 DA - September 1999 SP - 125 EP - 127 VL - Suppl 1 SN - 0271-3586, 0271-3586 KW - Index Medicus KW - United States KW - Humans KW - Risk Management KW - National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (U.S.) KW - Latex Hypersensitivity -- etiology KW - Latex Hypersensitivity -- prevention & control KW - Personnel, Hospital KW - Dermatitis, Occupational -- etiology KW - Organizational Policy KW - Dermatitis, Occupational -- prevention & control KW - Health Education UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/70835195?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=American+journal+of+industrial+medicine&rft.atitle=Effects+of+a+preventive+message+in+the+organizational+context%3A+occupational+latex+allergy+in+hospitals.&rft.au=Maxfield%2C+A+M%3BLewis%2C+M+J%3BTisdale%2C+J+A%3BLachenmayr%2C+S%3BLum%2C+M&rft.aulast=Maxfield&rft.aufirst=A&rft.date=1999-09-01&rft.volume=Suppl+1&rft.issue=&rft.spage=125&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=American+journal+of+industrial+medicine&rft.issn=02713586&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1999-11-24 N1 - Date created - 1999-11-24 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Impact of a changing U.S. workforce on the occupational injury and illness experience. AN - 70834711; 10519768 JF - American journal of industrial medicine AU - Biddle, E A AU - Blanciforti, L A AD - National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, Division of Safety Research, Morgantown, WV 26505, USA. egb6@cdc.gov Y1 - 1999/09// PY - 1999 DA - September 1999 SP - 7 EP - 10 VL - Suppl 1 SN - 0271-3586, 0271-3586 KW - Index Medicus KW - Cross-Sectional Studies KW - Humans KW - Adult KW - Incidence KW - Aged KW - Occupations -- statistics & numerical data KW - Middle Aged KW - United States -- epidemiology KW - Male KW - Female KW - Accidents, Occupational -- prevention & control KW - Women, Working -- statistics & numerical data KW - Occupational Diseases -- prevention & control KW - Occupational Diseases -- etiology KW - Accidents, Occupational -- mortality KW - Occupational Diseases -- mortality UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/70834711?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=American+journal+of+industrial+medicine&rft.atitle=Impact+of+a+changing+U.S.+workforce+on+the+occupational+injury+and+illness+experience.&rft.au=Biddle%2C+E+A%3BBlanciforti%2C+L+A&rft.aulast=Biddle&rft.aufirst=E&rft.date=1999-09-01&rft.volume=Suppl+1&rft.issue=&rft.spage=7&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=American+journal+of+industrial+medicine&rft.issn=02713586&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1999-11-24 N1 - Date created - 1999-11-24 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Predicting system interactions in the design process. AN - 70834130; 10519786 JF - American journal of industrial medicine AU - Steiner, L AU - Cornelius, K AU - Turin, F AD - National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health Office for Mine Safety and Health Research Pittsburgh Research Laboratory Pittsburgh, PA 15236, USA. LNS6@cdc.gov Y1 - 1999/09// PY - 1999 DA - September 1999 SP - 58 EP - 60 VL - Suppl 1 SN - 0271-3586, 0271-3586 KW - Index Medicus KW - Accidents, Occupational -- prevention & control KW - Man-Machine Systems KW - Wounds and Injuries -- etiology KW - Risk Factors KW - Humans KW - Occupational Diseases -- prevention & control KW - Occupational Diseases -- etiology KW - Coal Mining KW - Wounds and Injuries -- prevention & control KW - Safety Management KW - Systems Integration KW - Task Performance and Analysis KW - Workplace KW - Systems Analysis UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/70834130?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=American+journal+of+industrial+medicine&rft.atitle=Predicting+system+interactions+in+the+design+process.&rft.au=Steiner%2C+L%3BCornelius%2C+K%3BTurin%2C+F&rft.aulast=Steiner&rft.aufirst=L&rft.date=1999-09-01&rft.volume=Suppl+1&rft.issue=&rft.spage=58&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=American+journal+of+industrial+medicine&rft.issn=02713586&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1999-11-24 N1 - Date created - 1999-11-24 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Reducing injuries and illnesses among construction workers. AN - 70832977; 10519799 JF - American journal of industrial medicine AU - Sweeney, M H AU - Becker, P AU - Bryant, C J AU - Palassis, J AD - National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, Education and Information Division, Cincinnati, OH 45226, USA. mhs2@cdc.gov Y1 - 1999/09// PY - 1999 DA - September 1999 SP - 96 EP - 97 VL - Suppl 1 SN - 0271-3586, 0271-3586 KW - Index Medicus KW - Respiratory Protective Devices KW - Inservice Training KW - Humans KW - Safety Management KW - Accidents, Occupational -- prevention & control KW - Wounds and Injuries -- epidemiology KW - Construction Materials -- adverse effects KW - Occupational Diseases -- prevention & control KW - Accidents, Occupational -- statistics & numerical data KW - Occupational Diseases -- epidemiology KW - Wounds and Injuries -- prevention & control UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/70832977?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=American+journal+of+industrial+medicine&rft.atitle=Reducing+injuries+and+illnesses+among+construction+workers.&rft.au=Sweeney%2C+M+H%3BBecker%2C+P%3BBryant%2C+C+J%3BPalassis%2C+J&rft.aulast=Sweeney&rft.aufirst=M&rft.date=1999-09-01&rft.volume=Suppl+1&rft.issue=&rft.spage=96&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=American+journal+of+industrial+medicine&rft.issn=02713586&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1999-11-24 N1 - Date created - 1999-11-24 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Surface haulage truck research. AN - 70832935; 10519789 JF - American journal of industrial medicine AU - Boldt, C M AU - Backer, R R AD - National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, Office for Mine Safety and Health Research, Spokane Research Laboratory, Spokane, WA 99207, USA. ctb@cdc.gov Y1 - 1999/09// PY - 1999 DA - September 1999 SP - 66 EP - 68 VL - Suppl 1 SN - 0271-3586, 0271-3586 KW - Index Medicus KW - United States KW - Accidents, Occupational -- prevention & control KW - Humans KW - Safety KW - Workplace KW - Research KW - Equipment Failure KW - National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (U.S.) KW - Occupational Health KW - Transportation KW - Man-Machine Systems KW - Mining UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/70832935?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=American+journal+of+industrial+medicine&rft.atitle=Surface+haulage+truck+research.&rft.au=Boldt%2C+C+M%3BBacker%2C+R+R&rft.aulast=Boldt&rft.aufirst=C&rft.date=1999-09-01&rft.volume=Suppl+1&rft.issue=&rft.spage=66&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=American+journal+of+industrial+medicine&rft.issn=02713586&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1999-11-24 N1 - Date created - 1999-11-24 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Community Partners for Healthy Farming: involving communities in intervention planning, implementation, and evaluation. AN - 70831908; 10519803 JF - American journal of industrial medicine AU - Ehlers, J AU - Palermo, T AD - Division of Surveillance, Hazard Evaluations, and Field Studies, National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, Cincinnati, OH 45226, USA. jje0@cdc.gov Y1 - 1999/09// PY - 1999 DA - September 1999 SP - 107 EP - 109 VL - Suppl 1 SN - 0271-3586, 0271-3586 KW - Index Medicus KW - United States KW - Musculoskeletal Diseases -- etiology KW - Musculoskeletal Diseases -- prevention & control KW - Risk Factors KW - Humans KW - Program Evaluation KW - Safety Management KW - National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (U.S.) KW - Health Promotion KW - Accidents, Occupational -- prevention & control KW - Agricultural Workers' Diseases -- prevention & control KW - Agricultural Workers' Diseases -- etiology KW - Community Networks UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/70831908?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=American+journal+of+industrial+medicine&rft.atitle=Community+Partners+for+Healthy+Farming%3A+involving+communities+in+intervention+planning%2C+implementation%2C+and+evaluation.&rft.au=Ehlers%2C+J%3BPalermo%2C+T&rft.aulast=Ehlers&rft.aufirst=J&rft.date=1999-09-01&rft.volume=Suppl+1&rft.issue=&rft.spage=107&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=American+journal+of+industrial+medicine&rft.issn=02713586&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1999-11-24 N1 - Date created - 1999-11-24 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Computerized accident reconstruction and training for metal/non-metal mines. AN - 70830837; 10519806 JF - American journal of industrial medicine AU - Filigenzi, M T AU - Orr, T J AU - Ruff, T M AD - National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, Office for Mine Safety and Health Research, Spokane Research Laboratory, Spokane, WA 99207, USA. gf4@cdc.gov Y1 - 1999/09// PY - 1999 DA - September 1999 SP - 116 EP - 118 VL - Suppl 1 SN - 0271-3586, 0271-3586 KW - Metals KW - 0 KW - Index Medicus KW - Software KW - Humans KW - User-Computer Interface KW - Safety Management KW - Accidents, Occupational -- prevention & control KW - Computer Simulation KW - Computer-Assisted Instruction KW - Mining UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/70830837?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=American+journal+of+industrial+medicine&rft.atitle=Computerized+accident+reconstruction+and+training+for+metal%2Fnon-metal+mines.&rft.au=Filigenzi%2C+M+T%3BOrr%2C+T+J%3BRuff%2C+T+M&rft.aulast=Filigenzi&rft.aufirst=M&rft.date=1999-09-01&rft.volume=Suppl+1&rft.issue=&rft.spage=116&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=American+journal+of+industrial+medicine&rft.issn=02713586&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1999-11-24 N1 - Date created - 1999-11-24 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - A workplace safety device for operators of remote-controlled continuous mining machines. AN - 70829687; 10519790 JF - American journal of industrial medicine AU - Schiffbauer, W H AD - National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, Pittsburgh Office for Mine Safety and Health Research, PA 15236, USA. wcs7@cdc.gov Y1 - 1999/09// PY - 1999 DA - September 1999 SP - 69 EP - 71 VL - Suppl 1 SN - 0271-3586, 0271-3586 KW - Index Medicus KW - United States KW - Equipment Design KW - Humans KW - National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (U.S.) KW - Accidents, Occupational -- prevention & control KW - Workplace KW - Robotics -- instrumentation KW - Mining -- instrumentation KW - Protective Devices UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/70829687?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=American+journal+of+industrial+medicine&rft.atitle=A+workplace+safety+device+for+operators+of+remote-controlled+continuous+mining+machines.&rft.au=Schiffbauer%2C+W+H&rft.aulast=Schiffbauer&rft.aufirst=W&rft.date=1999-09-01&rft.volume=Suppl+1&rft.issue=&rft.spage=69&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=American+journal+of+industrial+medicine&rft.issn=02713586&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1999-11-24 N1 - Date created - 1999-11-24 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - In vitro toxicity of silica substitutes used for abrasive blasting. AN - 70827546; 10519821 JF - American journal of industrial medicine AU - Vallyathan, V AU - Blake, T AU - Leonard, S AU - Greskevitch, M AU - Jones, W AU - Pack, D AU - Schwegler-Berry, D AU - Miller, W AU - Castranova, V AD - Health Effects Laboratory Division, National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, Morgantown, WV 26505, USA. VAV1@CDC.GOV Y1 - 1999/09// PY - 1999 DA - September 1999 SP - 158 EP - 160 VL - Suppl 1 SN - 0271-3586, 0271-3586 KW - Minerals KW - 0 KW - Silicon Dioxide KW - 7631-86-9 KW - Index Medicus KW - Rats KW - Animals KW - Humans KW - In Vitro Techniques KW - Macrophages, Alveolar -- drug effects KW - Silicosis -- prevention & control KW - Minerals -- toxicity KW - Silicon Dioxide -- toxicity KW - Silicosis -- etiology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/70827546?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=American+journal+of+industrial+medicine&rft.atitle=In+vitro+toxicity+of+silica+substitutes+used+for+abrasive+blasting.&rft.au=Vallyathan%2C+V%3BBlake%2C+T%3BLeonard%2C+S%3BGreskevitch%2C+M%3BJones%2C+W%3BPack%2C+D%3BSchwegler-Berry%2C+D%3BMiller%2C+W%3BCastranova%2C+V&rft.aulast=Vallyathan&rft.aufirst=V&rft.date=1999-09-01&rft.volume=Suppl+1&rft.issue=&rft.spage=158&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=American+journal+of+industrial+medicine&rft.issn=02713586&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1999-11-24 N1 - Date created - 1999-11-24 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Risks of fatal injuries to farm workers 55-years of age and older. AN - 70827509; 10519776 JF - American journal of industrial medicine AU - Myers, J R AU - Hard, D L AU - Snyder, K A AU - Casini, V J AU - Cianfrocco, R AU - Fields, J AU - Morton, L AD - National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, Division of Safety Research, Morgantown, WV 26505, USA. jom5@cdc.gov Y1 - 1999/09// PY - 1999 DA - September 1999 SP - 29 EP - 30 VL - Suppl 1 SN - 0271-3586, 0271-3586 KW - Index Medicus KW - Age Factors KW - Risk Factors KW - Humans KW - Aged KW - Middle Aged KW - United States -- epidemiology KW - Male KW - Female KW - Cause of Death KW - Population Surveillance KW - Agricultural Workers' Diseases -- mortality KW - Wounds and Injuries -- etiology KW - Agricultural Workers' Diseases -- etiology KW - Accidents, Occupational -- mortality KW - Wounds and Injuries -- mortality UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/70827509?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=American+journal+of+industrial+medicine&rft.atitle=Risks+of+fatal+injuries+to+farm+workers+55-years+of+age+and+older.&rft.au=Myers%2C+J+R%3BHard%2C+D+L%3BSnyder%2C+K+A%3BCasini%2C+V+J%3BCianfrocco%2C+R%3BFields%2C+J%3BMorton%2C+L&rft.aulast=Myers&rft.aufirst=J&rft.date=1999-09-01&rft.volume=Suppl+1&rft.issue=&rft.spage=29&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=American+journal+of+industrial+medicine&rft.issn=02713586&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1999-11-24 N1 - Date created - 1999-11-24 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Cold-related non-fatal injuries in Alaska. AN - 70822650; 10519780 JF - American journal of industrial medicine AU - Conway, G A AU - Husberg, B J AD - National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, Division of Safety Research, Alaska Field Station, Anchorage, AK 99508, USA. GOC1@CDC.GOV Y1 - 1999/09// PY - 1999 DA - September 1999 SP - 39 EP - 41 VL - Suppl 1 SN - 0271-3586, 0271-3586 KW - Index Medicus KW - Humans KW - Alaska -- epidemiology KW - Immersion Foot -- epidemiology KW - Hypothermia -- epidemiology KW - Immersion Foot -- prevention & control KW - Immersion Foot -- etiology KW - Hypothermia -- etiology KW - Population Surveillance KW - Hypothermia -- prevention & control KW - Risk Factors KW - Adult KW - Female KW - Male KW - Frostbite -- prevention & control KW - Accidents, Occupational -- prevention & control KW - Wounds and Injuries -- epidemiology KW - Wounds and Injuries -- etiology KW - Occupational Diseases -- prevention & control KW - Accidents, Occupational -- statistics & numerical data KW - Occupational Diseases -- etiology KW - Frostbite -- etiology KW - Frostbite -- epidemiology KW - Occupational Diseases -- epidemiology KW - Cold Climate -- adverse effects KW - Wounds and Injuries -- prevention & control UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/70822650?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=American+journal+of+industrial+medicine&rft.atitle=Cold-related+non-fatal+injuries+in+Alaska.&rft.au=Conway%2C+G+A%3BHusberg%2C+B+J&rft.aulast=Conway&rft.aufirst=G&rft.date=1999-09-01&rft.volume=Suppl+1&rft.issue=&rft.spage=39&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=American+journal+of+industrial+medicine&rft.issn=02713586&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1999-11-24 N1 - Date created - 1999-11-24 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Occupational injury fatalities among older workers in the United States, 1980-1994. AN - 70822599; 10519774 JF - American journal of industrial medicine AU - Kisner, S M AU - Pratt, S G AD - National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, Division of Safety Research, Morgantown, WV 26505-2888, USA. smm2@cdc.gov Y1 - 1999/09// PY - 1999 DA - September 1999 SP - 24 EP - 25 VL - Suppl 1 SN - 0271-3586, 0271-3586 KW - Index Medicus KW - Cross-Sectional Studies KW - Age Factors KW - Risk Factors KW - Humans KW - Adult KW - Incidence KW - Aged KW - Middle Aged KW - Adolescent KW - United States -- epidemiology KW - Male KW - Female KW - Accidents, Occupational -- mortality KW - Wounds and Injuries -- mortality KW - Cause of Death UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/70822599?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=American+journal+of+industrial+medicine&rft.atitle=Occupational+injury+fatalities+among+older+workers+in+the+United+States%2C+1980-1994.&rft.au=Kisner%2C+S+M%3BPratt%2C+S+G&rft.aulast=Kisner&rft.aufirst=S&rft.date=1999-09-01&rft.volume=Suppl+1&rft.issue=&rft.spage=24&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=American+journal+of+industrial+medicine&rft.issn=02713586&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1999-11-24 N1 - Date created - 1999-11-24 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Food-related illness and death in the United States. AN - 70822235; 10511517 AB - To better quantify the impact of foodborne diseases on health in the United States, we compiled and analyzed information from multiple surveillance systems and other sources. We estimate that foodborne diseases cause approximately 76 million illnesses, 325,000 hospitalizations, and 5,000 deaths in the United States each year. Known pathogens account for an estimated 14 million illnesses, 60, 000 hospitalizations, and 1,800 deaths. Three pathogens, Salmonella, Listeria, and Toxoplasma, are responsible for 1,500 deaths each year, more than 75% of those caused by known pathogens, while unknown agents account for the remaining 62 million illnesses, 265,000 hospitalizations, and 3,200 deaths. Overall, foodborne diseases appear to cause more illnesses but fewer deaths than previously estimated. JF - Emerging infectious diseases AU - Mead, P S AU - Slutsker, L AU - Dietz, V AU - McCaig, L F AU - Bresee, J S AU - Shapiro, C AU - Griffin, P M AU - Tauxe, R V AD - Division of Bacterial and Mycotic Diseases, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia 30333, USA. pfm0@cdc.gov PY - 1999 SP - 607 EP - 625 VL - 5 IS - 5 SN - 1080-6040, 1080-6040 KW - Index Medicus KW - Acute Disease KW - Animals KW - Food Microbiology KW - Humans KW - Salmonella -- pathogenicity KW - Toxoplasma -- isolation & purification KW - Salmonella -- isolation & purification KW - United States -- epidemiology KW - Toxoplasma -- pathogenicity KW - Listeria -- isolation & purification KW - Listeria -- pathogenicity KW - Foodborne Diseases -- epidemiology KW - Gastroenteritis -- microbiology KW - Foodborne Diseases -- mortality KW - Foodborne Diseases -- virology KW - Hospitalization -- statistics & numerical data KW - Gastroenteritis -- mortality KW - Population Surveillance -- methods KW - Gastroenteritis -- epidemiology KW - Foodborne Diseases -- classification UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/70822235?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Emerging+infectious+diseases&rft.atitle=Food-related+illness+and+death+in+the+United+States.&rft.au=Mead%2C+P+S%3BSlutsker%2C+L%3BDietz%2C+V%3BMcCaig%2C+L+F%3BBresee%2C+J+S%3BShapiro%2C+C%3BGriffin%2C+P+M%3BTauxe%2C+R+V&rft.aulast=Mead&rft.aufirst=P&rft.date=1999-09-01&rft.volume=5&rft.issue=5&rft.spage=607&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Emerging+infectious+diseases&rft.issn=10806040&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1999-11-30 N1 - Date created - 1999-11-30 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - SuppNotes - Cited By: Pediatr Infect Dis J. 1991 Mar;10(3):183-9 [2041663] JAMA. 1991 Oct 16;266(15):2105-9 [1656108] Am J Trop Med Hyg. 1992 Jul;47(1):13-9 [1636878] Am J Public Health. 1992 Sep;82(9):1273-6 [1323935] Clin Infect Dis. 1992 Dec;15(6):903-9 [1457661] J Infect Dis. 1993 Feb;167(2):479-83 [8421186] Epidemiol Infect. 1993 Feb;110(1):1-7 [8432313] J Infect Dis. 1993 Jun;167(6):1391-5 [8501329] Clin Infect Dis. 1993 Jul;17(1):104-8 [8353228] Gastroenterology. 1993 Dec;105(6):1724-31 [8253349] N Engl J Med. 1994 Jun 30;330(26):1858-63 [7818637] J Infect Dis. 1994 Nov;170(5):1216-23 [7963716] JAMA. 1995 Apr 12;273(14):1118-22 [7707600] Lancet. 1995 May 6;345(8958):1128-9 [7723540] JAMA. 1995 Oct 11;274(14):1143-8 [7563485] J Infect Dis. 1996 May;173(5):1176-83 [8627070] J Infect Dis. 1996 May;173(5):1263-7 [8627083] JAMA. 1996 Jul 24-31;276(4):307-12 [8656543] Pediatr Infect Dis J. 1996 May;15(5):397-404 [8724060] Contrib Microbiol Immunol. 1995;13:5-10 [8833784] J Clin Microbiol. 1996 Sep;34(9):2292-3 [8862602] Arch Virol Suppl. 1996;12:287-300 [9015126] J Med Virol. 1997 Apr;51(4):290-6 [9093943] N Engl J Med. 1997 May 29;336(22):1548-56 [9164810] J Infect Dis. 1997 Dec;176(6):1625-8 [9395379] J Infect Dis. 1998 Jan;177(1):13-7 [9419164] Arch Intern Med. 1998 Mar 23;158(6):633-8 [9521228] JAMA. 1998 May 6;279(17):1371-6 [9582045] J Infect Dis. 1998 Sep;178(3):752-9 [9728544] J Infect Dis. 1998 Dec;178(6):1579-84 [9815207] Ann Emerg Med. 1998 Dec;32(6):703-11 [9832668] Pediatr Infect Dis J. 1999 May;18(5):420-6 [10353514] Am J Med. 1975 Oct;59(4):481-7 [1166856] Am J Epidemiol. 1978 Jul;108(1):47-52 [356596] J Med Virol. 1979;4(4):321-6 [232145] Am J Epidemiol. 1980 Sep;112(3):323-33 [7424881] N Engl J Med. 1981 Jan 1;304(1):24-8 [7191944] J Clin Microbiol. 1983 Feb;17(2):352-6 [6403578] JAMA. 1984 Jan 27;251(4):487-9 [6690814] Arch Intern Med. 1984 Mar;144(3):533-7 [6703825] Science. 1986 Nov 21;234(4779):964-9 [3535069] J Infect Dis. 1988 Apr;157(4):846-8 [3346575] Rev Infect Dis. 1988 Jan-Feb;10(1):111-24 [2832925] Epidemiol Infect. 1988 Apr;100(2):311-20 [2833404] Public Health Rep. 1988 Mar-Apr;103(2):107-15 [3128825] Am J Epidemiol. 1989 Jul;130(1):160-5 [2787107] Am J Public Health. 1990 Mar;80(3):305-8 [2305910] J Infect Dis. 1990 Mar;161(3):571-3 [2313134] Comment In: Emerg Infect Dis. 1999 Nov-Dec;5(6):840-2 [10603229] N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Enhanced particle filtration in a non-problem office environment: preliminary results from a double-blind crossover intervention study. AN - 70822078; 10519785 JF - American journal of industrial medicine AU - Mendell, M J AU - Fisk, W J AU - Dong, M X AU - Petersen, M AU - Hines, C J AU - Faulkner, D AU - Deddens, J A AU - Ruder, A M AU - Sullivan, D AU - Boeniger, M F AD - National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, Division of Surveillance, Hazard Evaluations and Field Studies, Cincinnati, OH 45226, USA. mfm0@cdc.gov Y1 - 1999/09// PY - 1999 DA - September 1999 SP - 55 EP - 57 VL - Suppl 1 SN - 0271-3586, 0271-3586 KW - Dust KW - 0 KW - Index Medicus KW - Sick Building Syndrome -- etiology KW - Double-Blind Method KW - Particle Size KW - Humans KW - Cross-Over Studies KW - Sick Building Syndrome -- prevention & control KW - Ventilation -- instrumentation KW - Ultrafiltration -- instrumentation KW - Air Pollution, Indoor -- analysis KW - Dust -- analysis KW - Occupational Diseases -- prevention & control KW - Occupational Diseases -- etiology KW - Dust -- prevention & control UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/70822078?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=American+journal+of+industrial+medicine&rft.atitle=Enhanced+particle+filtration+in+a+non-problem+office+environment%3A+preliminary+results+from+a+double-blind+crossover+intervention+study.&rft.au=Mendell%2C+M+J%3BFisk%2C+W+J%3BDong%2C+M+X%3BPetersen%2C+M%3BHines%2C+C+J%3BFaulkner%2C+D%3BDeddens%2C+J+A%3BRuder%2C+A+M%3BSullivan%2C+D%3BBoeniger%2C+M+F&rft.aulast=Mendell&rft.aufirst=M&rft.date=1999-09-01&rft.volume=Suppl+1&rft.issue=&rft.spage=55&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=American+journal+of+industrial+medicine&rft.issn=02713586&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1999-11-24 N1 - Date created - 1999-11-24 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Use of ambient aerosol for testing agricultural cabs for protection against pesticide aerosol. AN - 70816159; 10519792 JF - American journal of industrial medicine AU - Heitbrink, W A AU - Hall, R M AU - Reed, L D AU - Gibbons, D AD - National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, Division of Physical Sciences and Engineering, Cincinnati, OH 45226, USA. wah2@cdc.gov Y1 - 1999/09// PY - 1999 DA - September 1999 SP - 75 EP - 76 VL - Suppl 1 SN - 0271-3586, 0271-3586 KW - Aerosols KW - 0 KW - Air Pollutants, Occupational KW - Pesticides KW - Index Medicus KW - Air Pollution, Indoor -- adverse effects KW - Air Pollution, Indoor -- analysis KW - Humans KW - Transportation -- instrumentation KW - Pesticides -- analysis KW - Agriculture -- instrumentation KW - Air Pollutants, Occupational -- analysis KW - Agricultural Workers' Diseases -- prevention & control KW - Air Pollutants, Occupational -- adverse effects KW - Agricultural Workers' Diseases -- chemically induced KW - Pesticides -- adverse effects UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/70816159?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=American+journal+of+industrial+medicine&rft.atitle=Use+of+ambient+aerosol+for+testing+agricultural+cabs+for+protection+against+pesticide+aerosol.&rft.au=Heitbrink%2C+W+A%3BHall%2C+R+M%3BReed%2C+L+D%3BGibbons%2C+D&rft.aulast=Heitbrink&rft.aufirst=W&rft.date=1999-09-01&rft.volume=Suppl+1&rft.issue=&rft.spage=75&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=American+journal+of+industrial+medicine&rft.issn=02713586&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1999-11-24 N1 - Date created - 1999-11-24 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Where African-American women work and the nonfatal work-related injuries they experienced in the U.S. in 1996, compared to women of other races. AN - 70816085; 10519778 JF - American journal of industrial medicine AU - Chen, G X AU - Layne, L A AD - National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, Division of Safety Research, Morgantown, WV 26505, USA. gdc0@cdc.gov Y1 - 1999/09// PY - 1999 DA - September 1999 SP - 34 EP - 36 VL - Suppl 1 SN - 0271-3586, 0271-3586 KW - Index Medicus KW - Cross-Sectional Studies KW - Humans KW - European Continental Ancestry Group KW - Adult KW - Incidence KW - Aged KW - Middle Aged KW - Adolescent KW - United States -- epidemiology KW - Female KW - Wounds and Injuries -- epidemiology KW - Occupational Diseases -- ethnology KW - Wounds and Injuries -- etiology KW - Women, Working -- statistics & numerical data KW - Cross-Cultural Comparison KW - Accidents, Occupational -- statistics & numerical data KW - Occupational Diseases -- etiology KW - Occupational Diseases -- epidemiology KW - African Continental Ancestry Group KW - Wounds and Injuries -- ethnology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/70816085?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=American+journal+of+industrial+medicine&rft.atitle=Where+African-American+women+work+and+the+nonfatal+work-related+injuries+they+experienced+in+the+U.S.+in+1996%2C+compared+to+women+of+other+races.&rft.au=Chen%2C+G+X%3BLayne%2C+L+A&rft.aulast=Chen&rft.aufirst=G&rft.date=1999-09-01&rft.volume=Suppl+1&rft.issue=&rft.spage=34&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=American+journal+of+industrial+medicine&rft.issn=02713586&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1999-11-24 N1 - Date created - 1999-11-24 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Safer mine hoisting with conveyance position and load monitoring. AN - 70804884; 10519807 JF - American journal of industrial medicine AU - Beus, M J AU - Iverson, S AD - National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, Office for Mine Safety and Health Research, Spokane Research Laboratory, Spokane, WA 99207, USA. TZB7@CDC.GOV Y1 - 1999/09// PY - 1999 DA - September 1999 SP - 119 EP - 121 VL - Suppl 1 SN - 0271-3586, 0271-3586 KW - Index Medicus KW - Humans KW - Risk Management KW - Equipment Safety KW - Accidents, Occupational -- prevention & control KW - Elevators and Escalators KW - Mining -- instrumentation KW - Safety Management KW - Weight-Bearing UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/70804884?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=American+journal+of+industrial+medicine&rft.atitle=Safer+mine+hoisting+with+conveyance+position+and+load+monitoring.&rft.au=Beus%2C+M+J%3BIverson%2C+S&rft.aulast=Beus&rft.aufirst=M&rft.date=1999-09-01&rft.volume=Suppl+1&rft.issue=&rft.spage=119&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=American+journal+of+industrial+medicine&rft.issn=02713586&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1999-11-24 N1 - Date created - 1999-11-24 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Evaluating engineering controls during asphalt paving using a portable tracer gas method. AN - 70804852; 10519793 JF - American journal of industrial medicine AU - Mickelsen, R L AU - Mead, K R AU - Shulman, S A AU - Brumagin, T E AD - National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, Division of Physical Sciences and Engineering, Cincinnati, OH 45226, USA. rlm3@cdc.gov Y1 - 1999/09// PY - 1999 DA - September 1999 SP - 77 EP - 79 VL - Suppl 1 SN - 0271-3586, 0271-3586 KW - Air Pollutants, Occupational KW - 0 KW - Gases KW - Hydrocarbons KW - asphalt KW - 8052-42-4 KW - Index Medicus KW - United States KW - Transportation -- instrumentation KW - Equipment Design KW - Risk Factors KW - Humans KW - Occupational Diseases -- prevention & control KW - Occupational Diseases -- etiology KW - Occupational Exposure -- adverse effects KW - National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (U.S.) KW - Occupational Exposure -- analysis KW - Hydrocarbons -- analysis KW - Human Engineering KW - Air Pollutants, Occupational -- analysis KW - Air Pollutants, Occupational -- adverse effects KW - Hydrocarbons -- adverse effects UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/70804852?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=American+journal+of+industrial+medicine&rft.atitle=Evaluating+engineering+controls+during+asphalt+paving+using+a+portable+tracer+gas+method.&rft.au=Mickelsen%2C+R+L%3BMead%2C+K+R%3BShulman%2C+S+A%3BBrumagin%2C+T+E&rft.aulast=Mickelsen&rft.aufirst=R&rft.date=1999-09-01&rft.volume=Suppl+1&rft.issue=&rft.spage=77&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=American+journal+of+industrial+medicine&rft.issn=02713586&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1999-11-24 N1 - Date created - 1999-11-24 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Dose-effect of fenfluramine use on the severity of valvular heart disease among fen-phen patients with valvulopathy. AN - 70055261; 10490797 AB - To determine whether the severity of valvulopathy was associated with the dosage of fenfluramine taken by fenfluramine-phentermine users with valvulopathy. Out of 105 suspected valvulopathy case reports received by the US Food and Drug Administration (FDA) among fenfluramine-phentermine users, 74 patients meeting FDA case definition for valvulopathy were included in this study. Patients with severe valvulopathy were classified as those either undergoing valve replacement surgery or having severe aortic or mitral regurgitation; all other patients were considered to have less severe valvulopathy. The proportion with severe valvulopathy increased from 20-66% with increasing fenfluramine dosage from /=60 mg/d. Compared with patients taking/=60 mg/d had an adjusted odds ratio of 9.2 (95% confidence interval=2.1-40.8) for severe valvulopathy. Compared to patients with less severe valvulopathy, those with severe valvulopathy were substantially more likely to have taken >/=60 mg/d fenfluramine. JF - International journal of obesity and related metabolic disorders : journal of the International Association for the Study of Obesity AU - Li, R AU - Serdula, M K AU - Williamson, D F AU - Bowman, B A AU - Graham, D J AU - Green, L AD - Epidemic Intelligence Service, Epidemiology Program Office and Division of Nutrition and Physical Activity, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA 30341-3717, USA. RIL6@CDC.GOV Y1 - 1999/09// PY - 1999 DA - September 1999 SP - 926 EP - 928 VL - 23 IS - 9 KW - Appetite Depressants KW - 0 KW - Drug Combinations KW - Fenfluramine KW - 2DS058H2CF KW - Phentermine KW - C045TQL4WP KW - Index Medicus KW - Severity of Illness Index KW - Phentermine -- administration & dosage KW - Logistic Models KW - Dose-Response Relationship, Drug KW - Humans KW - Adult KW - Mitral Valve KW - Aortic Valve KW - Phentermine -- adverse effects KW - Male KW - Female KW - Fenfluramine -- adverse effects KW - Fenfluramine -- administration & dosage KW - Appetite Depressants -- adverse effects KW - Heart Valve Diseases -- pathology KW - Heart Valve Diseases -- chemically induced KW - Appetite Depressants -- administration & dosage UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/70055261?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=International+journal+of+obesity+and+related+metabolic+disorders+%3A+journal+of+the+International+Association+for+the+Study+of+Obesity&rft.atitle=Dose-effect+of+fenfluramine+use+on+the+severity+of+valvular+heart+disease+among+fen-phen+patients+with+valvulopathy.&rft.au=Li%2C+R%3BSerdula%2C+M+K%3BWilliamson%2C+D+F%3BBowman%2C+B+A%3BGraham%2C+D+J%3BGreen%2C+L&rft.aulast=Li&rft.aufirst=R&rft.date=1999-09-01&rft.volume=23&rft.issue=9&rft.spage=926&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=International+journal+of+obesity+and+related+metabolic+disorders+%3A+journal+of+the+International+Association+for+the+Study+of+Obesity&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1999-11-18 N1 - Date created - 1999-11-18 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - The return of thalidomide: can birth defects be prevented? AN - 70033964; 10487395 AB - Thalidomide, the drug that caused a worldwide epidemic of serious birth defects in the late 1950s and early 1960s, was recently approved by the US Food and Drug Administration (FDA) for use in treating the skin disease erythema nodosum leprosum, a complication of leprosy. The drug has also shown promise in the treatment of other serious diseases. If thalidomide is eventually approved for use in the US and other countries for treatment of diseases more prevalent than erythema nodosum leprosum, or if use of the drug for non-approved indications becomes widespread, hundreds of thousands of women with childbearing ability could be treated. If this should happen, can we prevent another epidemic of birth defects? In an effort to prevent fetal exposures to thalidomide, the FDA mandated a comprehensive programme to regulate prescription, dispensing and use of the drug. The programme is designed to require registration of all participating prescribers, pharmacies and patients. It also requires use of effective methods of contraception and periodic pregnancy testing of all patients with childbearing ability during treatment. Prescribers are directed to counsel both female and male patients on the risks, benefits and proper use of the drug, as well as on the proper use of contraceptives during treatment. The patient is required to sign an informed consent form before beginning treatment. Prescription and dispensing of thalidomide will be tightly controlled. Athalidomide registry will monitor prescription. dispensing and use of the drug, and will investigate all reported fetal exposures. This mandatory, but untested, programme promises to be effective at preventing fetal exposures to thalidomide, provided that patients, prescribers and pharmacists comply with all of its provisions. However, even if the programme proves to be successful in the US, there is concern that thalidomide may eventually be widely used in countries that may not require such stringent controls. In Brazil, where thalidomide is commercially available for treatment of leprosy patients, 33 cases of thalidomide embryopathy have already been reported in the literature. Even in countries that may tightly regulate the distribution and use of thalidomide, some patients may obtain the drug through black market sources. Should these events occur, many cases of thalidomide-induced birth defects could appear. Therefore, there is a need to develop nonteratogenic analogues of thalidomide that can provide effective treatment for erythema nodosum leprosum and other serious conditions without increasing the potential for another epidemic of thalidomide-related birth defects. JF - Drug safety AU - Lary, J M AU - Daniel, K L AU - Erickson, J D AU - Roberts, H E AU - Moore, C A AD - Division of Birth Defects and Pediatric Genetics, National Center for Environmental Health, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia 30341-3724, USA. jml2@cdc.gov Y1 - 1999/09// PY - 1999 DA - September 1999 SP - 161 EP - 169 VL - 21 IS - 3 SN - 0114-5916, 0114-5916 KW - Leprostatic Agents KW - 0 KW - Teratogens KW - Thalidomide KW - 4Z8R6ORS6L KW - Index Medicus KW - AIDS/HIV KW - Animals KW - Humans KW - Adult KW - Male KW - Female KW - Pregnancy KW - Thalidomide -- adverse effects KW - Leprostatic Agents -- therapeutic use KW - Congenital Abnormalities -- prevention & control KW - Leprostatic Agents -- adverse effects KW - Thalidomide -- therapeutic use UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/70033964?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Drug+safety&rft.atitle=The+return+of+thalidomide%3A+can+birth+defects+be+prevented%3F&rft.au=Lary%2C+J+M%3BDaniel%2C+K+L%3BErickson%2C+J+D%3BRoberts%2C+H+E%3BMoore%2C+C+A&rft.aulast=Lary&rft.aufirst=J&rft.date=1999-09-01&rft.volume=21&rft.issue=3&rft.spage=161&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Drug+safety&rft.issn=01145916&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1999-10-21 N1 - Date created - 1999-10-21 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Partial IL-10 inhibition of the cell-mediated immune response in chronic beryllium disease. AN - 69981858; 10453017 AB - Chronic beryllium disease (CBD) provides a human disorder in which to study the delayed type IV hypersensitivity response to persistent Ag that leads to noncaseating pulmonary granuloma formation. We hypothesized that, in CBD, failure of IL-10 to modulate the beryllium-specific, cell-mediated immune response would result in persistent, maximal cytokine production and T lymphocyte proliferation, thus contributing to the development of granulomatous lung disease. To test this hypothesis, we used bronchoalveolar lavage cells from control and CBD subjects to evaluate the beryllium salt-specific production of endogenous IL-10 and the effects of exogenous human rIL-10 (rhIL-10) on HLA expression, on the production of IL-2, IFN-gamma, and TNF-alpha, and on T lymphocyte proliferation. Our data demonstrate that beryllium-stimulated bronchoalveolar lavage cells produce IL-10, and the neutralization of endogenous IL-10 does not increase significantly cytokine production, HLA expression, or T lymphocyte proliferation. Second, the addition of excess exogenous rhIL-10 partially inhibited the beryllium-stimulated production of IL-2, IFN-gamma, and TNF-alpha; however, we measured no change in T lymphocyte proliferation or in the percentage of alveolar macrophages expressing HLA-DP. Interestingly, beryllium salts interfered with an IL-10-stimulated decrease in the percentage of alveolar macrophages expressing HLA-DR. We conclude that, in the CBD-derived, beryllium-stimulated cell-mediated immune response, low levels of endogenous IL-10 have no appreciable effect; exogenous rhIL-10 has a limited effect on cytokine production and no effect on T lymphocyte proliferation or HLA expression. JF - Journal of immunology (Baltimore, Md. : 1950) AU - Tinkle, S S AU - Kittle, L A AU - Newman, L S AD - Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, Morgantown, WV 26505, USA. sft3@cdc.gov Y1 - 1999/09/01/ PY - 1999 DA - 1999 Sep 01 SP - 2747 EP - 2753 VL - 163 IS - 5 SN - 0022-1767, 0022-1767 KW - Adjuvants, Immunologic KW - 0 KW - Cytokines KW - HLA-D Antigens KW - Immunosuppressive Agents KW - Recombinant Proteins KW - beryllium sulfate KW - 01UQ1KPC7E KW - Interleukin-10 KW - 130068-27-8 KW - Beryllium KW - OW5102UV6N KW - Abridged Index Medicus KW - Index Medicus KW - Recombinant Proteins -- pharmacology KW - Cytokines -- biosynthesis KW - Humans KW - HLA-D Antigens -- biosynthesis KW - Immunity, Cellular -- immunology KW - Macrophages, Alveolar -- drug effects KW - Macrophages, Alveolar -- metabolism KW - Bronchoalveolar Lavage Fluid -- immunology KW - Lymphocyte Activation -- immunology KW - Cells, Cultured KW - Dose-Response Relationship, Immunologic KW - Immunity, Cellular -- drug effects KW - Chronic Disease KW - Adjuvants, Immunologic -- pharmacology KW - Macrophages, Alveolar -- immunology KW - Bronchoalveolar Lavage Fluid -- cytology KW - T-Lymphocytes -- immunology KW - Beryllium -- pharmacology KW - Berylliosis -- immunology KW - Interleukin-10 -- metabolism KW - Interleukin-10 -- pharmacology KW - Interleukin-10 -- physiology KW - Immunosuppressive Agents -- pharmacology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/69981858?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+immunology+%28Baltimore%2C+Md.+%3A+1950%29&rft.atitle=Partial+IL-10+inhibition+of+the+cell-mediated+immune+response+in+chronic+beryllium+disease.&rft.au=Tinkle%2C+S+S%3BKittle%2C+L+A%3BNewman%2C+L+S&rft.aulast=Tinkle&rft.aufirst=S&rft.date=1999-09-01&rft.volume=163&rft.issue=5&rft.spage=2747&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+immunology+%28Baltimore%2C+Md.+%3A+1950%29&rft.issn=00221767&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1999-09-14 N1 - Date created - 1999-09-14 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Campylobacter jejuni. AN - 69238810; 10549422 AB - Campylobacter jejuni is the most frequently diagnosed bacterial cause of human gastroenteritis in the United States. The emergence of antimicrobial-resistant and, in particular, of fluoroquinolone-resistant C. jejuni infections in Europe and the United States, temporally associated with the approval of use of fluoroquinolones in veterinary medicine, is an important public health concern. Recent research has provided strong evidence for an association between Campylobacter infection and Guillain-Barr Syndrome (GBS), and Campylobacter is the most frequent antecedent infection in GBS. The consumption of undercooked poultry and cross-contamination of other foods with uncooked meat products are leading risk factors for human campylobacteriosis. Reinforcing hygienic practices at each link in the food chain, from producer to consumer, is critical in preventing the disease. JF - Clinics in laboratory medicine AU - Fields, P I AU - Swerdlow, D L AD - National Campylobacter and Helicobacter Reference Laboratory, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia, USA. pif1@cdc.gov Y1 - 1999/09// PY - 1999 DA - September 1999 SP - 489 EP - 504, v VL - 19 IS - 3 SN - 0272-2712, 0272-2712 KW - Index Medicus KW - Animals KW - Humans KW - Gastrointestinal Diseases -- therapy KW - Campylobacter Infections -- diagnosis KW - Food Microbiology KW - Gastrointestinal Diseases -- diagnosis KW - Campylobacter Infections -- therapy KW - Campylobacter Infections -- microbiology KW - Gastrointestinal Diseases -- microbiology KW - Campylobacter jejuni -- pathogenicity KW - Campylobacter jejuni -- classification UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/69238810?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Clinics+in+laboratory+medicine&rft.atitle=Campylobacter+jejuni.&rft.au=Fields%2C+P+I%3BSwerdlow%2C+D+L&rft.aulast=Fields&rft.aufirst=P&rft.date=1999-09-01&rft.volume=19&rft.issue=3&rft.spage=489&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Clinics+in+laboratory+medicine&rft.issn=02722712&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1999-11-19 N1 - Date created - 1999-11-19 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Smoking Initiation and Smoking Patterns Among US College Students AN - 17587639; 4698808 AB - The ages at which 18- to 24-year-old college students started smoking and its relationship to subsequent smoking were explored, using data from the 1995 National College Health Risk Behavior Survey. Most students (70%) had tried smoking; among those who had tried, 42% were current smokers, 19% were current frequent smokers, and 13% were current daily smokers. The majority (81%) who had ever smoked daily began doing so at age 18 years or younger, and 19% began smoking daily at age 19 years or older. Women were as likely as men to report ever having smoked a whole cigarette or ever having smoked daily. Most students (82%) who had ever smoked daily had tried to quit, but 3 in 4 were still smokers. Policies and programs designed to prevent the initiation of smoking and to help smokers quit are needed at both the high school and the college levels to reduce the proportion of young adults who smoke cigarettes. JF - Journal of American College Health AU - Everett, SA AU - Husten, C G AU - Kann, L AU - Warren, C W AU - Sharp, D AU - Crossett, L AD - Division of Adolescent and School Health, National Center for Chronic Disease Prevention and Health Promotion, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA, USA Y1 - 1999/09// PY - 1999 DA - Sep 1999 SP - 55 EP - 60 VL - 48 IS - 2 SN - 0744-8481, 0744-8481 KW - USA KW - college students KW - Health & Safety Science Abstracts KW - Cigarette smoking KW - Public health KW - H 4000:Food and Drugs UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/17587639?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Ahealthsafetyabstracts&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+American+College+Health&rft.atitle=Smoking+Initiation+and+Smoking+Patterns+Among+US+College+Students&rft.au=Everett%2C+SA%3BHusten%2C+C+G%3BKann%2C+L%3BWarren%2C+C+W%3BSharp%2C+D%3BCrossett%2C+L&rft.aulast=Everett&rft.aufirst=SA&rft.date=1999-09-01&rft.volume=48&rft.issue=2&rft.spage=55&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+American+College+Health&rft.issn=07448481&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Cigarette smoking; Public health ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Beryllium Contamination Inside Vehicles of Machine Shop Workers AN - 17480892; 4678909 AB - A cross-sectional survey was conducted to evaluate potential take-home beryllium exposures of workers at a precision machine shop manufacturing beryllium products, where seven cases of CBD had recently been diagnosed. Over 200 workers were employed at this plant and many of them did not change out of their work clothes at the end of the workday and often used their personal vehicles during the work shift without changing clothes. These work practices served to increase the risk of exposing workers' family members to beryllium. JF - American Journal of Industrial Medicine AU - Sanderson, W T AU - Henneberger, P K AU - Martyny, J AU - Ellis, K AU - Mroz, M M AU - Newman, L S AD - Division of Surveillance, Hazard Evaluations, and Field Studies, National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, 4676 Columbia Parkway, Cincinnati, Ohio 45226, USA, WTS1@cdc.gov Y1 - 1999/09// PY - 1999 DA - Sep 1999 SP - 72 EP - 74 SN - 0271-3586, 0271-3586 KW - Health & Safety Science Abstracts; Pollution Abstracts KW - Risk assessment KW - Beryllium KW - Occupational exposure KW - H 8000:Radiation Safety/Electrical Safety KW - P 8000:RADIATION UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/17480892?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Apollution&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=American+Journal+of+Industrial+Medicine&rft.atitle=Beryllium+Contamination+Inside+Vehicles+of+Machine+Shop+Workers&rft.au=Sanderson%2C+W+T%3BHenneberger%2C+P+K%3BMartyny%2C+J%3BEllis%2C+K%3BMroz%2C+M+M%3BNewman%2C+L+S&rft.aulast=Sanderson&rft.aufirst=W&rft.date=1999-09-01&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=72&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=American+Journal+of+Industrial+Medicine&rft.issn=02713586&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Beryllium; Occupational exposure; Risk assessment ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Young Workers at Risk When Working in Agricultural Production AN - 17480843; 4678904 AB - Workers in the agriculture industry have consistently been identified as being at high risk of death and injury [NIOSH, 1993; Runyan, 1993; NSC, 1997; Ruser, 1998]. Production agriculture, a segment of the agriculture industry, is the sector which commonly represents farming. Production agriculture has been shown to have higher rates of fatalities than the agriculture industry as a whole [Myers and Hard, 1995; U.S. DOL/BLS, 1996]. Studies have shown young workers in agriculture to incur more serious injuries and a greater proportion of injury than the general young worker population [Hoskins et al., 1988; Heyer et al., 1992; Belville et al., 1993; Castillo et al., 1994; Rivara, 1997]. Reasons for the higher rates have been suggested as being inexperienced in the job/work method, a more hazardous work environment, and risk taking behavior due to a feeling of invincibility by young workers [Pollock and Landrigan, 1990; Murphy, 1992; Cotten, 1997; Pratt and Hard, 1997]. The purpose of this study was to determine the fatality rate for young workers in the agriculture production industry and identify the associated mechanisms of injury leading to death. JF - American Journal of Industrial Medicine AU - Hard, D AU - Myers, J AU - Snyder, K AU - Casini, V AU - Morton, L AU - Cianfrocco, R AU - Fields, J AD - 1095 Willowdale Road, Morgantown, WV 26505, USA, dlh6@cdc.gov Y1 - 1999/09// PY - 1999 DA - Sep 1999 SP - 31 EP - 33 SN - 0271-3586, 0271-3586 KW - farming KW - Health & Safety Science Abstracts; Risk Abstracts KW - Agriculture KW - Age KW - Injuries KW - Occupational safety KW - Accidents KW - Mortality KW - R2 23080:Industrial and labor KW - H 1000:Occupational Safety and Health UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/17480843?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Ariskabstracts&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=American+Journal+of+Industrial+Medicine&rft.atitle=Young+Workers+at+Risk+When+Working+in+Agricultural+Production&rft.au=Hard%2C+D%3BMyers%2C+J%3BSnyder%2C+K%3BCasini%2C+V%3BMorton%2C+L%3BCianfrocco%2C+R%3BFields%2C+J&rft.aulast=Hard&rft.aufirst=D&rft.date=1999-09-01&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=31&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=American+Journal+of+Industrial+Medicine&rft.issn=02713586&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Age; Agriculture; Occupational safety; Accidents; Injuries; Mortality ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Isoquinolinesulphonamide derivatives inhibit transcriptional elongation of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 RNA in a promyelocytic model of latency AN - 17414464; 4636003 AB - Using the OM-10.1 promyelocytic model of inducible human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) infection, we tested a panel of known protein kinase inhibitors for an ability to block tumour necrosis factor- alpha -induced HIV-1 expression. Among the compounds tested, the broadspectrum protein kinase inhibitor H-7 uniquely blocked HIV-1 expression at the level of viral transcription, but did not inhibit nuclear factor Kappa B activation or function. In structure-activity analysis this inhibitory activity of H-7 on HIV-1 expression corresponded with the known structural requirements for the interaction of H-7 with the ATP-binding region of protein kinase C, suggesting that it was indeed related to the kinase inhibitory properties of H-7. The mechanism of H-7 transcriptional inhibition did not involve chromatin remodelling at the HIV-1 long terminal repeat promoter, as shown by nuc-1 disruption, and appeared to involve HIV-1 RNA elongation but not initiation. Therefore, H-7 and related isoquinoline-sulphonamide analogues are most likely inhibiting a kinase target essential for HIV-1 transcriptional elongation whose identity may provide new therapeutic targets for intervention. JF - Antiviral Chemistry & Chemotherapy AU - Critchfield, J W AU - Ho, O AU - Roberts, B D AU - Van Lint, C AU - Verdin, E AU - Butera, ST AD - HIV and Retrovirology Branch, Division of AIDS, STD and TB Laboratory Research, National Center for Infectious Diseases, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, 1600 Clifton Road, NE; Mailstop G-19, Atlanta, GA 30333, USA, stb3@cdc.gov Y1 - 1999/09// PY - 1999 DA - Sep 1999 SP - 275 EP - 284 VL - 10 IS - 5 SN - 0956-3202, 0956-3202 KW - HIV-1 KW - Isoquinolinesulfonamides KW - Microbiology Abstracts A: Industrial & Applied Microbiology; Virology & AIDS Abstracts KW - Latent infection KW - Antiviral agents KW - Human immunodeficiency virus 1 KW - Inhibitors KW - Transcription KW - V 22002:AIDS: Molecular and in vitro aspects KW - A 01068:Antiviral & viricidal UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/17414464?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologya&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Antiviral+Chemistry+%26+Chemotherapy&rft.atitle=Isoquinolinesulphonamide+derivatives+inhibit+transcriptional+elongation+of+human+immunodeficiency+virus+type+1+RNA+in+a+promyelocytic+model+of+latency&rft.au=Critchfield%2C+J+W%3BHo%2C+O%3BRoberts%2C+B+D%3BVan+Lint%2C+C%3BVerdin%2C+E%3BButera%2C+ST&rft.aulast=Critchfield&rft.aufirst=J&rft.date=1999-09-01&rft.volume=10&rft.issue=5&rft.spage=275&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Antiviral+Chemistry+%26+Chemotherapy&rft.issn=09563202&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Human immunodeficiency virus 1; Antiviral agents; Latent infection; Transcription; Inhibitors ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Application of laser scanning confocal microscopy in the analysis of particle-induced pulmonary fibrosis AN - 17379787; 4605546 AB - Laser scanning confocal microscopy (LSCM) allows us to simultaneously quantitate the degree of lung fibrosis and distinguish various pathological lesions of intact lung tissue. Lucifer Yellow has been shown an ideal fluorescent stain to examine the connective tissue matrix components of embedded lung tissue with LSCM. We evaluated the use of LSCM in quantitating lung fibrosis and compared this procedure with the more traditional method of assessing fibrosis by measuring hydroxyproline, a biochemical assay of collagen. CD/VAF rats were intratracheally dosed with silica (highly fibrogenic), Fe sub(2)O sub(3) (non-fibrogenic), and saline (vehicle control) at a high dose of 10-mg/100 g body weight. At 60 days post-instillation, the left lung was dissolved in 6 M HCl and assayed for hydroxyproline. Silica induced increases of 58% and 94% in hydroxyproline content over the Fe sub(2)O sub(3) and control groups, respectively. The right lung lobes were fixed, sectioned into blocks, dehydrated, stained with Lucifer Yellow (0.1 mg/ml), and embedded in Spurr plastic. Using LSCM and ImageSpace software, the tissue areas of ten random scans from ten blocks of tissue for each of the three groups were measured, and three-dimensional reconstructions of random areas of lung were generated. The silica group showed increases of 57% and 60% in the lung areas stained by Lucifer Yellow over the Fe sub(2)O sub(3) and control groups, respectively. Regression analysis of hydroxyproline vs. lung tissue area demonstrated a significant positive correlation (p<0.05) with a correlation coefficient of 0.91. Histological analysis of right lung tissue revealed a marked degree of granulomatous interstitial pneumonitis for the silica group, which was absent in the Fe sub(2)O sub(3) and control groups. No significant differences (p<0.05) in hydroxyproline content and measured tissue area were observed between the Fe sub(2)O sub(3) and control groups. LSCM, and its associated advanced image analysis and three-dimensional capabilities, is an alternative method to both quickly quantitate and examine fibrotic lung disease without physical disruption of the tissue specimen. JF - Toxicological Sciences AU - Antonini, J M AU - Charron, T G AU - Roberts, J R AU - Lai, J AU - Blake, T L AU - Rogers, R A AD - Health Effects Laboratory Division, National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, Morgantown, West Virginia 26505, USA, jga6@cdc.gov Y1 - 1999/09// PY - 1999 DA - Sep 1999 SP - 126 EP - 134 VL - 51 IS - 1 SN - 1096-6080, 1096-6080 KW - rats KW - Toxicology Abstracts KW - Silica KW - Fibrosis KW - Lung KW - Microscopy KW - Lasers KW - X 24221:Toxicity testing UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/17379787?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxicologyabstracts&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Toxicological+Sciences&rft.atitle=Application+of+laser+scanning+confocal+microscopy+in+the+analysis+of+particle-induced+pulmonary+fibrosis&rft.au=Antonini%2C+J+M%3BCharron%2C+T+G%3BRoberts%2C+J+R%3BLai%2C+J%3BBlake%2C+T+L%3BRogers%2C+R+A&rft.aulast=Antonini&rft.aufirst=J&rft.date=1999-09-01&rft.volume=51&rft.issue=1&rft.spage=126&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Toxicological+Sciences&rft.issn=10966080&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Lung; Fibrosis; Lasers; Microscopy; Silica ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Observed differences in virulence-associated phenotypes between a human clinical isolate and a veterinary isolate of Mycobacterium avium AN - 17338474; 4601632 AB - Mycobacterium avium, the most common opportunistic pathogen in patients with AIDS, is frequently isolated from a variety of environmental sources, but rarely can these environmental isolates be epidemiologically linked with isolates known to cause human disease. Using a number of in vitro tissue culture assays, we found significant pathogenic differences between a serotype 4 human clinical M. avium isolate and a serotype 2 veterinary isolate. Cell association of the patient strain with a human intestinal cell line was 1.7 times that of the veterinary strain. Growth of this clinical strain in human peripheral blood mononuclear cell-derived macrophages increased from 12-fold higher than that of the veterinary isolate after 2 days to 200-fold higher after 4 days. By the conclusion of each experiment, lysis of all examined host cell types and accumulation of cell debris were observed in infections with the human isolate, but monolayers remained relatively intact in the presence of the animal isolate. The two strains also differed in the ability to stimulate human immunodeficiency virus replication in coinfected host cells, with p24 antigen levels after 6 days threefold higher in the cells coinfected with the clinical strain than in those infected with the veterinary strain. If the genetic differences responsible for the phenotypes observed in these assays can be identified and characterized, it may be possible to determine which M. avium strains in the environment are potential human pathogens. JF - Infection and Immunity AU - Birkness, KA AU - Swords, W E AU - Huang, P-H AU - White, E H AU - Dezzutti, ChS AU - Lal, R B AU - Quinn, F D AD - Bldg. 5, Rm. B38, M/S G11, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA 30333, USA, fdq1@cdc.gov Y1 - 1999/09// PY - 1999 DA - Sep 1999 SP - 4895 EP - 4901 VL - 67 IS - 9 SN - 0019-9567, 0019-9567 KW - HIV KW - Microbiology Abstracts B: Bacteriology; Virology & AIDS Abstracts KW - Leukocytes (mononuclear) KW - Mycobacterium avium KW - Serotyping KW - Opportunist infection KW - Human immunodeficiency virus KW - Disease reservoirs KW - V 22002:AIDS: Molecular and in vitro aspects KW - J 02710:Identification, taxonomy and typing UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/17338474?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologyb&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Infection+and+Immunity&rft.atitle=Observed+differences+in+virulence-associated+phenotypes+between+a+human+clinical+isolate+and+a+veterinary+isolate+of+Mycobacterium+avium&rft.au=Birkness%2C+KA%3BSwords%2C+W+E%3BHuang%2C+P-H%3BWhite%2C+E+H%3BDezzutti%2C+ChS%3BLal%2C+R+B%3BQuinn%2C+F+D&rft.aulast=Birkness&rft.aufirst=KA&rft.date=1999-09-01&rft.volume=67&rft.issue=9&rft.spage=4895&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Infection+and+Immunity&rft.issn=00199567&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Human immunodeficiency virus; Mycobacterium avium; Serotyping; Disease reservoirs; Opportunist infection; Leukocytes (mononuclear) ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Rapid screening of phenotypic resistance to nevirapine by direct analysis of HIV type 1 reverse transcriptase activity in plasma AN - 17329625; 4606899 AB - Drug susceptibility testing for the clinical management of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1)-infected persons is often curtailed because such testing is expensive and time consuming. We describe a nonculture-based phenotypic assay for the rapid analysis of HIV-1 resistance to nevirapine. The assay measures the susceptibility of plasma reverse transcriptase (RT) activity to inhibition by nevirapine by using the PCR-based Amp-RT assay. Assay validation was made using two reference wild-type (WT) and six other nevirapine-resistant (>100-fold) HIV-1 isolates. Amp-RT IC sub(50) values were found to correlate with those obtained by a conventional replication-based assay. The results also indicated that 50 mu M nevirapine can be used in a single screening test to detect nevirapine resistance. Analysis of virus mixtures showed a detection threshold of 10% of nevirapine-resistant HIV-1 in a background of WT virus. To evaluate the assay on clinical samples, 30 plasma specimens collected longitudinally from 4 patients before and after treatment with nevirapine were analyzed, and results were compared with codon 181 genotypes. Preteatment samples and those obtained during the first 6 days of therapy (n = 21) were sensitive to nevirapine, and none had detectable Y181C mutation. Phenotypic resistance was seen in eight samples obtained after 1 week of treatment and was correlated with detection of the Y181C mutation. An increase in the level of phenotypic resistance was seen over time. These data validate this rapid and simple assay for monitoring phenotypic resistance to nevirapine. JF - AIDS Research and Human Retroviruses AU - Vazquez-Rosales, G AU - Lerma, JGG AU - Yamamoto, Shinji AU - Switzer, WM AU - Havlir, D AU - Folks, T M AU - Richman, D D AU - Heneine, W AD - HIV and Retrovirology Branch MS-G19, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, 1600 Clifton Road, Atlanta, GA 30333, USA, wmh2@cdc.gov Y1 - 1999/09/01/ PY - 1999 DA - 1999 Sep 01 SP - 1191 EP - 1200 VL - 15 IS - 13 SN - 0889-2229, 0889-2229 KW - HIV-1 KW - nevirapine KW - Microbiology Abstracts A: Industrial & Applied Microbiology; Virology & AIDS Abstracts KW - Acquired immune deficiency syndrome KW - Drug resistance KW - Assays KW - Human immunodeficiency virus 1 KW - RNA-directed DNA polymerase KW - Polymerase chain reaction KW - V 22002:AIDS: Molecular and in vitro aspects KW - A 01068:Antiviral & viricidal UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/17329625?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologya&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=AIDS+Research+and+Human+Retroviruses&rft.atitle=Rapid+screening+of+phenotypic+resistance+to+nevirapine+by+direct+analysis+of+HIV+type+1+reverse+transcriptase+activity+in+plasma&rft.au=Vazquez-Rosales%2C+G%3BLerma%2C+JGG%3BYamamoto%2C+Shinji%3BSwitzer%2C+WM%3BHavlir%2C+D%3BFolks%2C+T+M%3BRichman%2C+D+D%3BHeneine%2C+W&rft.aulast=Vazquez-Rosales&rft.aufirst=G&rft.date=1999-09-01&rft.volume=15&rft.issue=13&rft.spage=1191&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=AIDS+Research+and+Human+Retroviruses&rft.issn=08892229&rft_id=info:doi/10.1089%2F088922299310287 LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Human immunodeficiency virus 1; Acquired immune deficiency syndrome; Assays; Drug resistance; Polymerase chain reaction; RNA-directed DNA polymerase DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1089/088922299310287 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Isolation of Providencia heimbachae from human feces AN - 17328365; 4601355 AB - Providencia heimbachae was first described in 1986. It has been isolated from penguin feces and an aborted bovine fetus. To date, there has been no reported isolation of this organism from human specimens. We now report the isolation of P. heimbachae from the stool of a 23-year-old woman with idiopathic diarrhea. The identity of the human strain was determined biochemically and by DNA relatedness to the type strain of P. heimbachae. JF - Journal of Clinical Microbiology AU - O'Hara, C M AU - Steigerwalt, A G AU - Green, D AU - McDowell, M AU - Hill, B C AU - Brenner, D J AU - Miller, J M AD - Centers for Disease Control, Mailstop C16, Atlanta, GA 30333, USA, cmo1@cdc.gov Y1 - 1999/09// PY - 1999 DA - Sep 1999 SP - 3048 EP - 3050 VL - 37 IS - 9 SN - 0095-1137, 0095-1137 KW - human KW - Microbiology Abstracts B: Bacteriology KW - Genetic relationship KW - Providencia heimbachae KW - Diarrhea KW - DNA KW - Feces KW - Hybridization analysis KW - J 02846:Gastrointestinal tract UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/17328365?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologyb&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Clinical+Microbiology&rft.atitle=Isolation+of+Providencia+heimbachae+from+human+feces&rft.au=O%27Hara%2C+C+M%3BSteigerwalt%2C+A+G%3BGreen%2C+D%3BMcDowell%2C+M%3BHill%2C+B+C%3BBrenner%2C+D+J%3BMiller%2C+J+M&rft.aulast=O%27Hara&rft.aufirst=C&rft.date=1999-09-01&rft.volume=37&rft.issue=9&rft.spage=3048&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+Clinical+Microbiology&rft.issn=00951137&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Providencia heimbachae; Genetic relationship; Hybridization analysis; DNA; Feces; Diarrhea ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Outcome of diagnostic tests using samples from patients with culture-proven human monocytic ehrlichiosis: Implications for surveillance AN - 17327049; 4601362 AB - We describe the concordance among results from various laboratory tests using samples derived from nine culture-proven cases of human monocytic ehrlichiosis (HME) caused by Ehrlichia chaffeensis. A class-specific indirect immunofluorescence assay for immunoglobulin M (IgM) and IgG, using E. chaffeensis antigen, identified 44 and 33% of the isolation-confirmed HME patients on the basis of samples obtained at initial clinical presentation, respectively; detection of morulae in blood smears was similarly insensitive (22% positive). PCR amplifications of ehrlichial DNA targeting the 16S rRNA gene, the variable-length PCR target gene, and the groESL operon were positive for whole blood specimens obtained from all patients at initial presentation. As most case definitions of HME require a serologic response with compatible illness for a categorization of even probable disease, PCR would have been required to confirm the diagnosis of HME in all nine of these patients without the submission of a convalescent-phase serum sample. These data suggest that many, if not most, cases of HME in patients who present early in the course of the disease may be missed and underscore the limitations of serologically based surveillance systems. JF - Journal of Clinical Microbiology AU - Childs, JE AU - Sumner, J W AU - Nicholson, W L AU - Massung, R F AU - Standaert, S M AU - Paddock, ChD AD - Viral and Rickettsial Zoonoses Branch, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, 1600 Clifton Rd., MS/G13, Atlanta, GA 30333, USA, jfc5@cdc.gov Y1 - 1999/09// PY - 1999 DA - Sep 1999 SP - 2997 EP - 3000 VL - 37 IS - 9 SN - 0095-1137, 0095-1137 KW - groESL operon KW - rRNA 16S KW - Microbiology Abstracts A: Industrial & Applied Microbiology; Microbiology Abstracts B: Bacteriology KW - Ehrlichiosis KW - Immunofluorescence KW - Blood KW - Diagnosis KW - Polymerase chain reaction KW - Ehrlichia chaffeensis KW - J 02855:Human Bacteriology: Others KW - A 01116:Bacteria UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/17327049?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologyb&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Clinical+Microbiology&rft.atitle=Outcome+of+diagnostic+tests+using+samples+from+patients+with+culture-proven+human+monocytic+ehrlichiosis%3A+Implications+for+surveillance&rft.au=Childs%2C+JE%3BSumner%2C+J+W%3BNicholson%2C+W+L%3BMassung%2C+R+F%3BStandaert%2C+S+M%3BPaddock%2C+ChD&rft.aulast=Childs&rft.aufirst=JE&rft.date=1999-09-01&rft.volume=37&rft.issue=9&rft.spage=2997&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+Clinical+Microbiology&rft.issn=00951137&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Ehrlichia chaffeensis; Ehrlichiosis; rRNA 16S; Polymerase chain reaction; Immunofluorescence; Diagnosis; Blood ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Replacement for 30-milliliter flat-bottomed, glass-stoppered, round bottles used in VDRL antigen preparation AN - 17325667; 4601382 AB - When the flat-bottomed, glass-stoppered, round bottle traditionally used to make VDRL antigen was discontinued, an appropriate substitute was needed. Although many laboratories have switched to one of the other nontreponemal tests for syphilis serology screening, the VDRL test remains the only approved procedure for testing spinal fluids of patients with possible neurosyphilis. We tested 25-ml glass-stoppered, convex-bottomed Erlenmeyer flasks to determine if these could be used as appropriate substitutes. We tested 52 reactive sera and 54 nonreactive sera by using one reference antigen prepared in the traditional flat-bottomed bottles and five antigens prepared in the Erlenmeyer flasks. Results with all serum samples were comparable. We also tested two lots of a commercial antigen plus an additional lot of reference antigen. Again there was no difference in the reactivity of the antigens. Therefore, we conclude that 25-ml glass-stoppered Erlenmeyer flasks can be used as an appropriate substitute for glass-stoppered, flat-bottomed, round glass bottles in the making of VDRL antigen. JF - Journal of Clinical Microbiology AU - Pope, V AU - Castro, A AD - BSTDB/DASTLR/NCID/CDC, Mail Stop D13, Atlanta, GA 30333, USA, vxp1@cdc.gov Y1 - 1999/09// PY - 1999 DA - Sep 1999 SP - 3053 EP - 3054 VL - 37 IS - 9 SN - 0095-1137, 0095-1137 KW - VDRL antigen KW - Microbiology Abstracts A: Industrial & Applied Microbiology KW - Containers KW - Cerebrospinal fluid KW - Treponema pallidum KW - Nervous system diseases KW - Glass KW - Syphilis KW - Bottles KW - A 01116:Bacteria UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/17325667?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologya&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Clinical+Microbiology&rft.atitle=Replacement+for+30-milliliter+flat-bottomed%2C+glass-stoppered%2C+round+bottles+used+in+VDRL+antigen+preparation&rft.au=Pope%2C+V%3BCastro%2C+A&rft.aulast=Pope&rft.aufirst=V&rft.date=1999-09-01&rft.volume=37&rft.issue=9&rft.spage=3053&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+Clinical+Microbiology&rft.issn=00951137&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Treponema pallidum; Bottles; Syphilis; Containers; Cerebrospinal fluid; Nervous system diseases; Glass ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Isotope dilution high-performance liquid chromatography/tandem mass spectrometry method for quantifying urinary metabolites of atrazine, malathion, and 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid. AN - 69992776; 10464480 AB - We have developed an isotope dilution high-performance liquid chromatography/tandem mass spectrometry (HPLC/MS/MS) method for quantifying the urinary metabolites of the pesticides atrazine, malathion, and 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid (2,4-D). Urine samples are extracted with an organic solvent, and the organic fraction is concentrated. The concentrate is then analyzed using HPLC/MS/MS. The limits of detection for the metabolites are less than 0.5 microgram/L (parts per billion) in 10 mL of urine, with a high degree of accuracy and precision. JF - Analytical chemistry AU - Beeson, M D AU - Driskell, W J AU - Barr, D B AD - National Center for Environmental Health, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), Atlanta, Georgia 30341, USA. mwb9@cdc.gov Y1 - 1999/08/15/ PY - 1999 DA - 1999 Aug 15 SP - 3526 EP - 3530 VL - 71 IS - 16 SN - 0003-2700, 0003-2700 KW - Herbicides KW - 0 KW - Insecticides KW - 2,4-Dichlorophenoxyacetic Acid KW - 2577AQ9262 KW - Atrazine KW - QJA9M5H4IM KW - Malathion KW - U5N7SU872W KW - Index Medicus KW - Humans KW - Models, Chemical KW - Malathion -- urine KW - Herbicides -- urine KW - Atrazine -- urine KW - Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid -- methods KW - Mass Spectrometry -- methods KW - Insecticides -- urine KW - 2,4-Dichlorophenoxyacetic Acid -- urine UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/69992776?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Analytical+chemistry&rft.atitle=Isotope+dilution+high-performance+liquid+chromatography%2Ftandem+mass+spectrometry+method+for+quantifying+urinary+metabolites+of+atrazine%2C+malathion%2C+and+2%2C4-dichlorophenoxyacetic+acid.&rft.au=Beeson%2C+M+D%3BDriskell%2C+W+J%3BBarr%2C+D+B&rft.aulast=Beeson&rft.aufirst=M&rft.date=1999-08-15&rft.volume=71&rft.issue=16&rft.spage=3526&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Analytical+chemistry&rft.issn=00032700&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1999-09-21 N1 - Date created - 1999-09-21 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Radon testing in households with a residential smoker--United States, 1993-1994. AN - 70032906; 10484124 AB - Epidemiologic investigations of underground miners and studies of alpha particle carcinogenesis among laboratory animals suggest that exposure to the radioactive decay products (progeny) of radon is an important risk factor for lung cancer. Persons who smoke cigarettes and are exposed to these radon progeny have a substantially greater risk for developing malignancy than nonsmokers. Residential radon concentrations above the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency's (EPA) action level of 4 pCi/L are the primary sources of exposure among the general population. EPA and the Public Health Service promote home testing for radon, especially in households with a person who smokes. However, it is unknown whether households that contain smokers are more likely than those without smokers to test for radon. To characterize radon testing practices of households that contain a person who smokes within the dwelling (i.e., residential smoker), CDC analyzed survey data from the National Health Interview Survey (NHIS). This report summarizes the results of this analysis, which indicates that households with a residential smoker are significantly less likely to test for radon than those without smokers. JF - MMWR. Morbidity and mortality weekly report AU - Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) AD - Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) Y1 - 1999/08/13/ PY - 1999 DA - 1999 Aug 13 SP - 683 EP - 686 VL - 48 IS - 31 SN - 0149-2195, 0149-2195 KW - Air Pollutants, Radioactive KW - 0 KW - Tobacco Smoke Pollution KW - Radon KW - Q74S4N8N1G KW - Index Medicus KW - United States KW - Family Characteristics KW - Humans KW - Smoking KW - Air Pollution, Indoor -- analysis KW - Housing KW - Radon -- analysis KW - Air Pollutants, Radioactive -- analysis UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/70032906?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=MMWR.+Morbidity+and+mortality+weekly+report&rft.atitle=Radon+testing+in+households+with+a+residential+smoker--United+States%2C+1993-1994.&rft.au=Centers+for+Disease+Control+and+Prevention+%28CDC%29&rft.aulast=Centers+for+Disease+Control+and+Prevention+%28CDC%29&rft.aufirst=&rft.date=1999-08-13&rft.volume=48&rft.issue=31&rft.spage=683&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=MMWR.+Morbidity+and+mortality+weekly+report&rft.issn=01492195&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1999-09-16 N1 - Date created - 1999-09-16 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Trends in Perinatal Transmission of HIV/AIDS in the United States AN - 17375507; 4589221 AB - Context Since 1994, the US Public Health Service (PHS) has recommended routine, voluntary prenatal human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) testing and zidovudine therapy to reduce perinatal HIV transmission. Objective To describe trends in incidence of perinatal AIDS and factors contributing to these trends, particularly the effect of PHS perinatal HIV recommendations. Design, Setting, and Participants Analysis of nationwide AIDS surveillance data and data from HIV-reporting states through June 1998. Main Outcome Measures Trends in AIDS by year of diagnosis, incidence rates of AIDS and Pneumocystis carinii pneumonia (PCP) among infants younger than 1 year from US natality data for birth cohorts 1988 to 1996; expected number of infants with AIDS from national serosurvey data; and zidovudine use data from selected HIV-reporting states. Results Perinatal AIDS cases peaked in 1992 and then declined 67% from 1992 through 1997, including an 80% decline in infants and a 66% decline in children aged 1 to 5 years. Rates of AIDS among infants (per 100 000 births) declined 69%, from 8.9 in 1992 to 2.8 in 1996 compared with a 17% decline in births to HIV-infected women from 1992 (n=6990) to 1995 (n=5797). Among infants, PCP rates per 100 000 declined 67% (from 4.5 in 1992 to 1.5 in 1996), similar to the decline in other AIDS conditions. The percentage of perinatally exposed children born from 1993 through 1997 whose mothers were tested for HIV before giving birth increased from 70% to 94%; the percentage who received zidovudine increased from 7% to 91%. Conclusions According to these data, substantial declines in AIDS incidence were temporally associated with an increase in zidovudine use to reduce perinatal HIV transmission, demonstrating substantial success in implementing PHS guidelines. Reductions in the numbers of births and effects of therapy in delaying AIDS do not explain the decline. JF - Journal of the American Medical Association AU - Lindegren, M L AU - Byers, RH Jr AU - Thomas, P AU - Davis, S F AU - Caldwell, B AU - Rogers, M AU - Gwinn, M AU - Ward, J W AU - Fleming, P L AD - Mailstop E-47, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, 1600 Clifton Rd, Atlanta, GA 30333, mll3@cdc.gov Y1 - 1999/08/11/ PY - 1999 DA - 1999 Aug 11 SP - 531 EP - 538 VL - 282 IS - 6 SN - 0098-7484, 0098-7484 KW - man KW - HIV KW - USA KW - disease transmission KW - perinatal infection KW - zidovudine KW - Health & Safety Science Abstracts; Virology & AIDS Abstracts KW - Acquired immune deficiency syndrome KW - Human immunodeficiency virus KW - Perinatal infection KW - Disease transmission KW - H 11000:Diseases/Injuries/Trauma KW - V 22005:AIDS: Epidemiological aspects UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/17375507?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Ahealthsafetyabstracts&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+the+American+Medical+Association&rft.atitle=Trends+in+Perinatal+Transmission+of+HIV%2FAIDS+in+the+United+States&rft.au=Lindegren%2C+M+L%3BByers%2C+RH+Jr%3BThomas%2C+P%3BDavis%2C+S+F%3BCaldwell%2C+B%3BRogers%2C+M%3BGwinn%2C+M%3BWard%2C+J+W%3BFleming%2C+P+L&rft.aulast=Lindegren&rft.aufirst=M&rft.date=1999-08-11&rft.volume=282&rft.issue=6&rft.spage=531&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+the+American+Medical+Association&rft.issn=00987484&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Human immunodeficiency virus; Acquired immune deficiency syndrome; Disease transmission; Perinatal infection ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Recent Trends in Violence-Related Behaviors Among High School Students in the United States AN - 17380685; 4595980 AB - Violence-related behaviors such as fighting and weapon carrying are associated with serious physical and psychosocial consequences for adolescents. Objective. To measure trends in nonfatal violent behaviors among adolescents in the United States between 1991 and 1997. Design, Setting, and Participants. Nationally representative data from the 1991, 1993, 1995, and 1997 Youth Risk Behavior Surveys were analyzed to describe the percentage of students in grades 9 through 12 who engaged in behaviors related to violence. Overall response rates for each of these years were 68%, 70%, 60%, and 69%, respectively. To assess the statistical significance of time trends for these variables, logistic regression analyses were conducted that controlled for sex, grade, and race or ethnicity and simultaneously assessed linear and higher-order effects. Conclusions. Declines in fighting and weapon carrying among US adolescents between 1991 and 1997 are encouraging and consistent with declines in homicide, nonfatal victimization, and school crime rates. Further research should explore why behaviors related to interpersonal violence are decreasing and what types of interventions are most effective. JF - Journal of the American Medical Association AU - Brener, N D AU - Simon, T R AU - Krug, E G AU - Lowry, R AD - Division of Adolescent and School Health, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Mailstop K-33, 4770 Buford Hwy NE, Atlanta, GA 30341, USA, nad1@cdc.gov Y1 - 1999/08/04/ PY - 1999 DA - 1999 Aug 04 SP - 440 EP - 446 VL - 282 IS - 5 SN - 0098-7484, 0098-7484 KW - USA KW - Health & Safety Science Abstracts KW - Behavior KW - Violence KW - Adolescents KW - H 11000:Diseases/Injuries/Trauma UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/17380685?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Ahealthsafetyabstracts&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+the+American+Medical+Association&rft.atitle=Recent+Trends+in+Violence-Related+Behaviors+Among+High+School+Students+in+the+United+States&rft.au=Brener%2C+N+D%3BSimon%2C+T+R%3BKrug%2C+E+G%3BLowry%2C+R&rft.aulast=Brener&rft.aufirst=N&rft.date=1999-08-04&rft.volume=282&rft.issue=5&rft.spage=440&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+the+American+Medical+Association&rft.issn=00987484&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Violence; Behavior; Adolescents ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Characteristics and behaviours associated with difficulty in performing activities of daily living among older New Zealand women. AN - 85325587; pmid-10503977 AB - PURPOSE: The objective of this cross-sectional study was to determine the prevalence of self-reported difficulty in performing activities of daily living (ADLs) and the associated characteristics and behaviours among older women in Auckland, New Zealand. METHODS: A sample of 569 community dwelling women aged 65 years and older were studied. Logistic regression was used to calculate odds ratios and 95% confidence intervals for the association of participant characteristics and behaviours with reported difficulty in performing > or = 1 of five basic ADLs. RESULTS: An age adjusted prevalence of 4.6% was found for reported ADL difficulty. Age > or = 85 years (odds ratio [OR] 5.9; 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.1-30.2), history of stroke (OR 9.8; 95% CI 4.1-23.3), history of > or = 1 fall in the past year (OR 3.4; 95% CI 1.6-7.4), low body mass index (OR 2.8; 95% CI 1.2-6.4), and low grip strength (OR 2.6; 95% CI 1.2-5.5) were significantly and independently associated with ADL difficulty. Among women with ADL difficulty, the prevalence of adaptive equipment use was high (> 90%). CONCLUSIONS: Several characteristics, medical conditions, and behaviours, some of which may be preventable, are associated with physical disability in older New Zealand women. Studies like this are an important step toward the development of interventions to reduce or delay disability and improve health and quality of life. JF - Disability and rehabilitation AU - Langlois, J A AU - Norton, R AU - Campbell, A J AU - Leveille, S AD - National Center for Injury Prevention and Control, Atlanta, USA. JAL7@CDC.GOV Y1 - 1999/08// PY - 1999 DA - August 1999 SP - 365 EP - 371 VL - 21 IS - 8 SN - 0963-8288, 0963-8288 KW - Index Medicus KW - National Library of Medicine KW - Orthopedic Equipment KW - Cross-Sectional Studies KW - Aged, 80 and over KW - Logistic Models KW - Humans KW - Health Status KW - Aged KW - Comorbidity KW - Female KW - New Zealand KW - Activities of Daily Living UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/85325587?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Acomdisdome&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Disability+and+rehabilitation&rft.atitle=Characteristics+and+behaviours+associated+with+difficulty+in+performing+activities+of+daily+living+among+older+New+Zealand+women.&rft.au=Langlois%2C+J+A%3BNorton%2C+R%3BCampbell%2C+A+J%3BLeveille%2C+S&rft.aulast=Langlois&rft.aufirst=J&rft.date=1999-08-01&rft.volume=21&rft.issue=8&rft.spage=365&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Disability+and+rehabilitation&rft.issn=09638288&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ComDisDome N1 - Date revised - 2009-01-15 N1 - Last updated - 2010-05-07 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Quantitative measure of genetic differences in susceptibility to noise-induced hearing loss in two strains of mice. AN - 85307439; pmid-10452371 AB - The CBA/CaJ (CB) and C57BL/6J (B6) inbred strains of mice were exposed for 1 h to noise intensities between 98 and 119 dB SPL. Previous studies indicated that the B6 mice exhibited permanent threshold shifts (PTS) after 1h exposure to 110 dB, whereas the CB mice did not exhibit any PTS. These differences in susceptibility to noise-induced hearing loss (NIHL) appear to be due to a gene for age-related hearing loss (AHL). The current study was designed to determine dose-response curves for NIHL over the ranges of intensities of noise that would characterize the B6 and CB inbred strains of mice. Because of the considerable differences in sensitivity to NIHL, the noise exposures for the two strains overlapped only at 110 and 113 dB. Nevertheless, the two strains exhibited two different dose-response curves, offset and with different slopes. We postulate that the B6 strain of mice exhibits a more linear increase for PTS from 98-113 dB, consistent with incremental effects on some metabolic physiological mechanism(s); the abrupt transition in NIHL between 113 and 116 dB for the CB mice is consistent with an ototraumatic structural injury. JF - Hearing research AU - Davis, R R AU - Cheever, M L AU - Krieg, E F AU - Erway, L C AD - Bioacoustics and Occupational Vibration Section, Physical Agents Effects Branch, National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Cincinnati, OH 45226, USA. rrd1@cdc.gov Y1 - 1999/08// PY - 1999 DA - August 1999 SP - 9 EP - 15 VL - 134 IS - 1-2 SN - 0378-5955, 0378-5955 KW - Index Medicus KW - National Library of Medicine KW - Auditory Threshold -- physiology KW - Animals KW - Mice KW - Dose-Response Relationship, Radiation KW - Models, Biological KW - Species Specificity KW - Mice, Inbred C57BL -- genetics KW - Mice, Inbred CBA -- genetics KW - Genetic Predisposition to Disease KW - Hearing Loss, Noise-Induced -- genetics UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/85307439?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Acomdisdome&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Hearing+research&rft.atitle=Quantitative+measure+of+genetic+differences+in+susceptibility+to+noise-induced+hearing+loss+in+two+strains+of+mice.&rft.au=Davis%2C+R+R%3BCheever%2C+M+L%3BKrieg%2C+E+F%3BErway%2C+L+C&rft.aulast=Davis&rft.aufirst=R&rft.date=1999-08-01&rft.volume=134&rft.issue=1-2&rft.spage=9&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Hearing+research&rft.issn=03785955&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ComDisDome N1 - Date revised - 2009-01-15 N1 - Last updated - 2010-05-07 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Evaluation of postural stability in workers exposed to lead at a secondary lead smelter. AN - 70785241; 10499358 AB - Postural sway testing was carried out on a group of 145 workers exposed to lead in a secondary lead smelter and 84 workers not exposed to lead in a hinge manufacturing plant. All workers were measured for blood lead levels (BLL) and erythrocyte zinc protoporphyrin (ZPP) concentrations at the time of testing and both a total cumulative and a time-weighted average BLL value was constructed for the lead exposed workers. The lead exposed workers mean BLL at the time of testing was 38.9 microg/dl and the non-exposed workers mean was 2.3 microg/dl. ZPP levels averaged 55.2 microg/dl for exposed workers and 18.9 microg/dl for non-exposed workers. Total cumulative BLL averaged 83476 microg/dl days for the exposed workers, with a mean time-weighted average BLL of 35.1 microg/dl. Six tests of postural stability, four two leg conditions and two single leg conditions were administered to all subjects using a force platform to produce measurements of sway for comparison purposes. The two leg conditions also manipulated the visual and proprioceptive systems. A statistically significant association was observed for sway measurements and the current BLL for all workers, but not with the current BLL of only the lead exposed workers. No statistically significant associations were present with the cumulative measures of long-term exposure. Of the six tests of sway, only the single leg conditions showed significant exposure effects. The results suggest effects of lead exposure among those with average BLL near 40.0 microg/dl, but only in the most challenging one leg conditions. JF - Neurotoxicology AU - Dick, R B AU - Pinkerton, L E AU - Krieg, E F AU - Biagini, R E AU - Deddens, J A AU - Brightwell, W S AU - Grubb, P L AU - Taylor, B T AU - Russo, J M AD - U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, Public Health Service/Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, Division of Biomedical and Behavioral Sciences, Cincinnati, Ohio 45226, USA. RBDI@CDC.GO Y1 - 1999/08// PY - 1999 DA - August 1999 SP - 595 EP - 607 VL - 20 IS - 4 SN - 0161-813X, 0161-813X KW - Enzyme Inhibitors KW - 0 KW - Protoporphyrins KW - zinc protoporphyrin KW - 15442-64-5 KW - Lead KW - 2P299V784P KW - Index Medicus KW - Erythrocytes -- chemistry KW - Psychomotor Performance -- drug effects KW - Humans KW - Enzyme Inhibitors -- blood KW - Statistics as Topic KW - Time Factors KW - Lead -- toxicity KW - Occupational Exposure -- adverse effects KW - Protoporphyrins -- blood KW - Lead -- blood KW - Postural Balance -- drug effects UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/70785241?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Neurotoxicology&rft.atitle=Evaluation+of+postural+stability+in+workers+exposed+to+lead+at+a+secondary+lead+smelter.&rft.au=Dick%2C+R+B%3BPinkerton%2C+L+E%3BKrieg%2C+E+F%3BBiagini%2C+R+E%3BDeddens%2C+J+A%3BBrightwell%2C+W+S%3BGrubb%2C+P+L%3BTaylor%2C+B+T%3BRusso%2C+J+M&rft.aulast=Dick&rft.aufirst=R&rft.date=1999-08-01&rft.volume=20&rft.issue=4&rft.spage=595&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Neurotoxicology&rft.issn=0161813X&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1999-12-10 N1 - Date created - 1999-12-10 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Alcohol use prior to pregnancy recognition. AN - 70047100; 10490051 AB - Frequent alcohol use during the first 8 weeks of pregnancy can result in spontaneous abortion and dysmorphologic changes in the developing organ systems of the embryo, including the heart, kidneys, and brain. However, few population-based studies are available that describe the prevalence of frequent drinking (6 or more drinks per week) among women prior to and during early pregnancy (the periconceptional period), and the sociodemographic and behavioral factors that characterize these women. Such knowledge is fundamental to the design of targeted interventions for the prevention of fetal alcohol syndrome (FAS) and other prenatal alcohol-related disorders. This cross-sectional study used survey data collected by the National Center for Health Statistics as part of the 1988 National Maternal and Infant Health Survey (NMIHS). Weighted prevalence estimates were calculated using SUDAAN, and multivariate analyses were used to determine risk factors for frequent drinking. Forty-five percent of all women surveyed reported consuming alcohol during the 3 months before finding out they were pregnant, and 5% reported consuming 6 or more drinks per week. Sixty percent of women who reported alcohol consumption also reported that they did not learn they were pregnant until after the fourth week of gestation. Risk factors for frequent drinking during the periconceptional period included 1 or more of the following: being unmarried, being a smoker, being white non-Hispanic, being 25 years of age or older, or being college educated. Half of all pregnant women in this study drank alcohol during the 3 months preceding pregnancy recognition, with 1 in 20 drinking at moderate to heavy levels. The majority did not know they were pregnant until after the fourth week of pregnancy, and many did not know until after the 6th week. Alcohol is a teratogen capable of producing a number of adverse reproductive and infant outcomes. Public health measures needed to reduce these potentially harmful exposures include alcohol assessment, education, and counseling for women of childbearing age, with referral sources for problem drinking, and family planning services for pregnancy postponement until problem drinking is resolved. JF - American journal of preventive medicine AU - Floyd, R L AU - Decouflé, P AU - Hungerford, D W AD - National Center for Environmental Health, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA 30341-3724, USA. rlf3@cdc.gov Y1 - 1999/08// PY - 1999 DA - August 1999 SP - 101 EP - 107 VL - 17 IS - 2 SN - 0749-3797, 0749-3797 KW - Index Medicus KW - Humans KW - Multivariate Analysis KW - Pregnancy KW - Risk Assessment KW - Cross-Sectional Studies KW - Preconception Care KW - Risk Factors KW - Adult KW - Health Surveys KW - Surveys and Questionnaires KW - Confidence Intervals KW - Adolescent KW - United States -- epidemiology KW - Female KW - Prevalence KW - Fetal Alcohol Spectrum Disorders -- prevention & control KW - Pregnancy Trimester, First KW - Health Knowledge, Attitudes, Practice KW - Alcohol Drinking -- adverse effects KW - Alcohol Drinking -- epidemiology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/70047100?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=American+journal+of+preventive+medicine&rft.atitle=Alcohol+use+prior+to+pregnancy+recognition.&rft.au=Floyd%2C+R+L%3BDecoufl%C3%A9%2C+P%3BHungerford%2C+D+W&rft.aulast=Floyd&rft.aufirst=R&rft.date=1999-08-01&rft.volume=17&rft.issue=2&rft.spage=101&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=American+journal+of+preventive+medicine&rft.issn=07493797&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1999-10-20 N1 - Date created - 1999-10-20 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Injections given in healthcare settings as a major source of acute hepatitis B in Moldova. AN - 70023562; 10480711 AB - Reported rates of acute hepatitis B are high in many former Soviet Union republics and modes of transmission are not well defined. Two case-control studies were undertaken in Moldova to identify risk factors for acute hepatitis B in people aged 2-15 years (children) and > or =15 years (adults). Serologically confirmed acute hepatitis B cases occurring between 1 January 1994 and 30 August 30 1995, were matched on age, sex, and district of residence to three potential controls who were tested for hepatitis B markers to exclude the immune. Stratified odds ratios (SOR) were calculated using bivariate and multivariate methods. In multivariate analysis, compared with the 175 controls, the 70 adult cases (mean age 25 years, 66% male) were more likely to report receiving injections in the 6 months before illness during a dental visit (SOR = 21; 95% CI: 3.7-120), a hospital visit (SOR = 35; 95% CI: 7.2-170), or a visit to the polyclinic (SOR = 13; 95% CI: 2.4-74). Among children, receiving injections during a hospital visit (SOR = 5.2; 95% CI: 1.2-23) was the only exposure reported significantly more often by the 19 cases (mean age 8 years, 68% male) compared with the 81 controls. These results, along with reported unsafe injection practices in Moldova, suggest that injections are a major source of hepatitis B virus transmission and highlight the importance of proper infection-control procedures in preventing transmission of blood-borne infections. JF - International journal of epidemiology AU - Hutin, Y J AU - Harpaz, R AU - Drobeniuc, J AU - Melnic, A AU - Ray, C AU - Favorov, M AU - Iarovoi, P AU - Shapiro, C N AU - Woodruff, B A AD - Hepatitis Branch, Division of Viral and Rickettsial Diseases, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA 30333, USA. yah5@cdc.gov Y1 - 1999/08// PY - 1999 DA - August 1999 SP - 782 EP - 786 VL - 28 IS - 4 SN - 0300-5771, 0300-5771 KW - Hepatitis B Surface Antigens KW - 0 KW - Index Medicus KW - Population KW - Age Factors KW - Research Methodology KW - Hepatitis--determinants KW - Health KW - Europe KW - Child KW - Delivery Of Health Care KW - Eastern Europe KW - Developed Countries KW - Moldova KW - Population Characteristics KW - Adult KW - Demographic Factors KW - Diseases KW - Youth KW - Health Facilities KW - New Independent States KW - Research Report KW - Studies KW - Hepatitis--transmission KW - Case Control Studies KW - Health Services KW - Viral Diseases KW - Risk Factors KW - Biology KW - Acute Disease KW - Equipment Contamination KW - Hepatitis B virus -- immunology KW - Hepatitis B Surface Antigens -- analysis KW - Humans KW - Retrospective Studies KW - Aged KW - Radioimmunoassay KW - Disease Transmission, Infectious KW - Child, Preschool KW - Cross Infection -- etiology KW - Incidence KW - Cross Infection -- epidemiology KW - Middle Aged KW - Adolescent KW - Moldova -- epidemiology KW - Male KW - Female KW - Cross Infection -- prevention & control KW - Hepatitis B -- prevention & control KW - Injections -- adverse effects KW - Hepatitis B -- etiology KW - Hepatitis B -- epidemiology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/70023562?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=International+journal+of+epidemiology&rft.atitle=Injections+given+in+healthcare+settings+as+a+major+source+of+acute+hepatitis+B+in+Moldova.&rft.au=Hutin%2C+Y+J%3BHarpaz%2C+R%3BDrobeniuc%2C+J%3BMelnic%2C+A%3BRay%2C+C%3BFavorov%2C+M%3BIarovoi%2C+P%3BShapiro%2C+C+N%3BWoodruff%2C+B+A&rft.aulast=Hutin&rft.aufirst=Y&rft.date=1999-08-01&rft.volume=28&rft.issue=4&rft.spage=782&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=International+journal+of+epidemiology&rft.issn=03005771&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1999-10-13 N1 - Date created - 1999-10-13 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Site-specific consultation for a chemical mixture AN - 17397142; 4606429 AB - The Agency for Toxic Substances and Disease Registry (ATSDR) uses the weight of evidence methodology to evaluate interactions of chemical mixtures. In the process, toxicity, toxicokinetics, and toxicodynamics of chemical components of the mixture are carefully examined. Based on the evaluation, predictions are made that can be used in real-life situations at hazardous waste sites. In this paper, health outcomes were evaluated for a mixture of eight compounds that were found at a specific site. These eight chemicals were identified and possibly associated with human exposure. The health assessors could consider similar thought processes when evaluating chemical mixtures at hazardous waste sites. JF - Toxicology and Industrial Health AU - Pohl, H R AU - Roney, N AU - Fay, M AU - Chou, C-HSJ AU - Wilbur, S AU - Holler, J AD - ATSDR-CDC, U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, 4 Executive Park E-29, Atlanta, GA 30333, USA Y1 - 1999/08// PY - 1999 DA - Aug 1999 SP - 470 EP - 479 VL - 15 IS - 5 SN - 0748-2337, 0748-2337 KW - Toxicology Abstracts KW - Risk assessment KW - Waste disposal sites KW - Mixtures KW - X 24240:Miscellaneous UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/17397142?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxicologyabstracts&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Toxicology+and+Industrial+Health&rft.atitle=Site-specific+consultation+for+a+chemical+mixture&rft.au=Pohl%2C+H+R%3BRoney%2C+N%3BFay%2C+M%3BChou%2C+C-HSJ%3BWilbur%2C+S%3BHoller%2C+J&rft.aulast=Pohl&rft.aufirst=H&rft.date=1999-08-01&rft.volume=15&rft.issue=5&rft.spage=470&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Toxicology+and+Industrial+Health&rft.issn=07482337&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Mixtures; Risk assessment; Waste disposal sites ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Potential significance of airborne fiber dimensions measured in the U.S. refractory ceramic fiber manufacturing industry AN - 17378405; 4596028 AB - To determine dimensions of airborne fibers in the U.S. refractory ceramic fiber (RCF) manufacturing industry, fibers collected through personal air sampling for employees at RCF manufacturing and processing operations have been measured. Data were derived from transmission electron microscopy analyses of 118 air samples collected over a 20-year period. Characteristics of sized fibers include: diameter measurements of 20 mu m, with 68% of fibers between 2.4 and 20 mu m. Exposures in RCF manufacturing include airborne fibers with dimensions (diameter < 0.1-0.4 mu m, length < 10 mu m) historically associated with biological effects in pleural tissues. Air sampling data and a review of studies relating fiber size to pleural effects in animals and humans support the belief that information on fiber dimensions is essential for studies with synthetic vitreous fibers. JF - American Journal of Industrial Medicine AU - Lentz, T J AU - Rice, CH AU - Lockey, JE AU - Succop, P A AU - Lemasters, G K AD - National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, 4676 Columbia Parkway (MS C-32), Cincinnati, OH 45226, USA, tbl7@cdc.gov Y1 - 1999/08// PY - 1999 DA - Aug 1999 SP - 286 EP - 298 VL - 36 IS - 2 SN - 0271-3586, 0271-3586 KW - synthetic vitreous fibers KW - Pollution Abstracts; Health & Safety Science Abstracts KW - Particle size KW - Manufacturing industry KW - Particulates KW - Air sampling KW - Occupational exposure KW - H 1000:Occupational Safety and Health KW - P 6000:TOXICOLOGY AND HEALTH UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/17378405?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Apollution&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=American+Journal+of+Industrial+Medicine&rft.atitle=Potential+significance+of+airborne+fiber+dimensions+measured+in+the+U.S.+refractory+ceramic+fiber+manufacturing+industry&rft.au=Lentz%2C+T+J%3BRice%2C+CH%3BLockey%2C+JE%3BSuccop%2C+P+A%3BLemasters%2C+G+K&rft.aulast=Lentz&rft.aufirst=T&rft.date=1999-08-01&rft.volume=36&rft.issue=2&rft.spage=286&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=American+Journal+of+Industrial+Medicine&rft.issn=02713586&rft_id=info:doi/10.1002%2F%28SICI%291097-0274%28199908%2936%3A23.3.CO%3B2-W LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Occupational exposure; Manufacturing industry; Particulates; Air sampling; Particle size DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/(SICI)1097-0274(199908)36:2<286::AID-AJIM8>3.3.CO;2-W ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Alterations within the quinolone resistance-determining regions of GyrA and ParC of Neisseria gonorrhoeae isolated in the Far East and the United States AN - 17336286; 4604355 AB - The genetic mutations within the quinolone resistance-determining regions (QRDRs) of gyrA and parC of 234 Neisseria gonorrhoeae strains isolated in the Far East and the United States, which exhibited either clinically significant ciprofloxacin resistance (CipR) or intermediate ciprofloxacin resistance (CipI) were characterized. A number of GyrA/ParC amino acid alteration patterns were identified, the most prevalent alteration pattern among CipR isolates being GyrA-91,95/ParC-Asp-86- > Asn (91,95/Asp-86- > Asn). Isolates containing 91,95/Asp-86- > Asn belonged to a number of A/S classes, penicillin/tetracycline resistance phenotypes, and plasmid profiles. These results strongly suggest that the continuing emergence of ciprofloxacin-resistant gonococci is not due to the spread of a single or a few strains but to numerous factors such as spread of existing strains, importation of new strains and, possibly, de novo development of ciprofloxacin resistance in previously susceptible strains. JF - International Journal of Antimicrobial Agents AU - Trees, D L AU - Sandul, AL AU - Peto-Mesola, V AU - Aplasca, M-R AU - Leng, H B AU - Whittington, W L AU - Knapp, J S AD - Division of AIDS, STD, and TB Laboratory Research, National Center for Infectious Diseases, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, 30333 Georgia, USA, dlt1@cdc.gov Y1 - 1999/08// PY - 1999 DA - Aug 1999 SP - 325 EP - 332 VL - 12 IS - 4 SN - 0924-8579, 0924-8579 KW - Asia KW - GyrA protein KW - ParC protein KW - quinolones KW - Microbiology Abstracts A: Industrial & Applied Microbiology; Microbiology Abstracts B: Bacteriology KW - Ciprofloxacin KW - USA KW - Drug resistance KW - quinolines KW - Neisseria gonorrhoeae KW - A 01064:Microbial resistance KW - J 02814:Drug resistance UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/17336286?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologyb&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=International+Journal+of+Antimicrobial+Agents&rft.atitle=Alterations+within+the+quinolone+resistance-determining+regions+of+GyrA+and+ParC+of+Neisseria+gonorrhoeae+isolated+in+the+Far+East+and+the+United+States&rft.au=Trees%2C+D+L%3BSandul%2C+AL%3BPeto-Mesola%2C+V%3BAplasca%2C+M-R%3BLeng%2C+H+B%3BWhittington%2C+W+L%3BKnapp%2C+J+S&rft.aulast=Trees&rft.aufirst=D&rft.date=1999-08-01&rft.volume=12&rft.issue=4&rft.spage=325&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=International+Journal+of+Antimicrobial+Agents&rft.issn=09248579&rft_id=info:doi/10.1016%2FS0924-8579%2899%2900081-3 LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Neisseria gonorrhoeae; USA; quinolines; Drug resistance; Ciprofloxacin DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0924-8579(99)00081-3 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Biochemical identification of Citrobacter species defined by DNA hybridization and description of Citrobacter gillenii sp. nov. (formerly Citrobacter genomospecies 10) and Citrobacter murliniae sp. nov. (formerly Citrobacter genomospecies 11) AN - 17272270; 4588066 AB - Recent work describing six named species and two unnamed genomospecies within Citrobacter has enlarged the genus to 11 species. DNA relatedness and phenotypic tests were used to determine how well these species can be identified. One hundred thirty-six strains were identified to species level by DNA relatedness and then identified phenotypically in a blinded fashion. By using conventional tests, 119 of the 136 strains (88%) were correctly identified to species level. Three additional strains (2%) were identified as citrobacteria but were not identified to species level, and 14 strains (10%) were misidentified as other Citrobacter species. Carbon source utilization tests were used to identify 86 of the strains. Eighty-four strains (98%) were correctly identified, and two strains (2%) were misidentified as other Citrobacter species. Additional strains of Citrobacter genomospecies 10 and Citrobacter genomospecies 11 were identified, allowing these species to be formally named as Citrobacter gillenii sp. nov. and Citrobacter murliniae sp. nov., respectively. JF - Journal of Clinical Microbiology AU - Brenner, D J AU - O'Hara, C M AU - Grimont, PAD AU - Janda, J M AU - Falsen, E AU - Aldova, E AU - Ageron, E AU - Schindler, J AU - Abbott, ShL AU - Steigerwalt, A G AD - Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, 1-2223, Mailstop D11, Atlanta, GA 30333, USA, DJB3@CDC.gov Y1 - 1999/08// PY - 1999 DA - Aug 1999 SP - 2619 EP - 2624 VL - 37 IS - 8 SN - 0095-1137, 0095-1137 KW - Microbiology Abstracts B: Bacteriology KW - Phenotyping KW - Citrobacter gillenii KW - Genotyping KW - Citrobacter KW - DNA KW - Taxonomy KW - Citrobacter murliniae KW - Hybridization analysis KW - J 02710:Identification, taxonomy and typing UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/17272270?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologyb&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Clinical+Microbiology&rft.atitle=Biochemical+identification+of+Citrobacter+species+defined+by+DNA+hybridization+and+description+of+Citrobacter+gillenii+sp.+nov.+%28formerly+Citrobacter+genomospecies+10%29+and+Citrobacter+murliniae+sp.+nov.+%28formerly+Citrobacter+genomospecies+11%29&rft.au=Brenner%2C+D+J%3BO%27Hara%2C+C+M%3BGrimont%2C+PAD%3BJanda%2C+J+M%3BFalsen%2C+E%3BAldova%2C+E%3BAgeron%2C+E%3BSchindler%2C+J%3BAbbott%2C+ShL%3BSteigerwalt%2C+A+G&rft.aulast=Brenner&rft.aufirst=D&rft.date=1999-08-01&rft.volume=37&rft.issue=8&rft.spage=2619&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+Clinical+Microbiology&rft.issn=00951137&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Citrobacter; Citrobacter gillenii; Citrobacter murliniae; Phenotyping; Hybridization analysis; Taxonomy; Genotyping; DNA ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Cleavase fragment length polymorphism analysis of Neisseria meningitidis basic metabolic genes AN - 17268612; 4588030 AB - Cleavase fragment length polymorphism (CFLP) is a subtyping system based on the property of the enzyme cleavase to recognize junctions between single- and double-stranded regions of DNA formed after denaturation and cooling. To assess the capacity of CFLP for discriminating Neisseria meningitidis serogroup B strains belonging to the electrophoretic type (ET) 5 (ET-5) complex from other serogroup B strains, 30 serogroup B N. meningitidis isolates were subtyped by CFLP with internal fragments of five housekeeping genes, adk, aspC, carA, dhp, and glnA. Two genes (glnA and carA) which demonstrated a high degree of diversity for the serogroup B isolates were then used to further evaluate the suitability of CFLP for screening 50 serogroup C N. meningitidis outbreak-associated and sporadic-case isolates with a single metabolic gene. The results were compared to those from multilocus enzyme electrophoresis (MEE), the current standard subtyping method. CFLP was able to distinguish the ET-5 complex isolates from other serogroup B isolates as efficiently as MEE. Furthermore, CFLP analysis of a single gene was sufficient to identify and cluster the serogroup C isolates belonging to the ET-37 complex from other, unrelated serogroup C isolates but was not capable of differentiating between the isolates of the major individual ETs of this complex (ET-17 and ET-24) causing most serogroup C meningococcal disease outbreaks in the United States. CFLP based on a single gene with a high degree of diversity but not under selective pressure can be applied to the rapid screening of a large number of isolates related to the recognized epidemic complex ET-5 or ET-37. Additionally, CFLP can be used as an initial screening tool to survey the amount of diversity in genes that might be used to develop a DNA sequence-based subtyping system. JF - Journal of Clinical Microbiology AU - Tondella, MLC AU - Reeves, M W AU - Popovic, T AU - Rosenstein, N AU - Holloway, B P AU - Mayer, L W AD - Meningitidis and Special Pathogens Branch, Division of Bacterial and Mycotic Diseases, National Center for Infectious Diseases, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, MS C-02, Atlanta, GA 30333, USA, mlt5@cdc.gov Y1 - 1999/08// PY - 1999 DA - Aug 1999 SP - 2402 EP - 2407 VL - 37 IS - 8 SN - 0095-1137, 0095-1137 KW - adk gene KW - aspC gene KW - carA gene KW - cleavase KW - cleavase fragment length polymorphism KW - dhp gene KW - glnA gene KW - Microbiology Abstracts B: Bacteriology KW - Genotyping KW - Genetic diversity KW - Neisseria meningitidis KW - J 02710:Identification, taxonomy and typing UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/17268612?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologyb&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Clinical+Microbiology&rft.atitle=Cleavase+fragment+length+polymorphism+analysis+of+Neisseria+meningitidis+basic+metabolic+genes&rft.au=Tondella%2C+MLC%3BReeves%2C+M+W%3BPopovic%2C+T%3BRosenstein%2C+N%3BHolloway%2C+B+P%3BMayer%2C+L+W&rft.aulast=Tondella&rft.aufirst=MLC&rft.date=1999-08-01&rft.volume=37&rft.issue=8&rft.spage=2402&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+Clinical+Microbiology&rft.issn=00951137&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Neisseria meningitidis; Genotyping; Genetic diversity ER - TY - JOUR T1 - An overview of the vaccine adverse event reporting system (VAERS) as a surveillance system. VAERS Working Group. AN - 69939683; 10438063 AB - We evaluated the Vaccine Adverse Event Reporting System (VAERS), the spontaneous reporting system for vaccine-associated adverse events in the United States, as a public health surveillance system, using evaluation guidelines from the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. We found that VAERS is simple for reporters to use, flexible by design and its data are available in a timely fashion. The predictive value positive for one severe event is known to be high, but for most events is unknown. The acceptability, sensitivity and representativeness of VAERS are unknown. The study of vaccine safety is complicated by underreporting, erroneous reporting, frequent multiple exposures and multiple outcomes. JF - Vaccine AU - Singleton, J A AU - Lloyd, J C AU - Mootrey, G T AU - Salive, M E AU - Chen, R T AD - Vaccine Safety and Development Activity, National Immunization Program, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA 30333, USA. xzs8@cdc.gov Y1 - 1999/07/16/ PY - 1999 DA - 1999 Jul 16 SP - 2908 EP - 2917 VL - 17 IS - 22 SN - 0264-410X, 0264-410X KW - Vaccines KW - 0 KW - Index Medicus KW - United States KW - Humans KW - Product Surveillance, Postmarketing KW - Vaccines -- adverse effects KW - Adverse Drug Reaction Reporting Systems UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/69939683?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Vaccine&rft.atitle=An+overview+of+the+vaccine+adverse+event+reporting+system+%28VAERS%29+as+a+surveillance+system.+VAERS+Working+Group.&rft.au=Singleton%2C+J+A%3BLloyd%2C+J+C%3BMootrey%2C+G+T%3BSalive%2C+M+E%3BChen%2C+R+T&rft.aulast=Singleton&rft.aufirst=J&rft.date=1999-07-16&rft.volume=17&rft.issue=22&rft.spage=2908&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Vaccine&rft.issn=0264410X&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1999-11-22 N1 - Date created - 1999-11-22 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Outbreak of Salmonella serotype Muenchen infections associated with unpasteurized orange juice--United States and Canada, June 1999. AN - 69933738; 10428096 AB - During June 1999, Public Health-Seattle and King County (PHSKC) and the Washington state health department and the Oregon Health Division independently investigated clusters of diarrheal illness attributed to Salmonella serotype Muenchen infections in each state. Both clusters were associated with a commercially distributed unpasteurized orange juice traced to a single processor, which distributes widely in the United States. As of July 13, 207 confirmed cases associated with this outbreak have been reported by 15 states and two Canadian provinces; an additional 91 cases of S. Muenchen infection reported since June 1 are under investigation. This report summarizes the two state-based investigations and presents preliminary information about the outbreak in the other states and Canada. JF - MMWR. Morbidity and mortality weekly report AU - Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) AD - Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) Y1 - 1999/07/16/ PY - 1999 DA - 1999 Jul 16 SP - 582 EP - 585 VL - 48 IS - 27 SN - 0149-2195, 0149-2195 KW - Index Medicus KW - Humans KW - Food Handling KW - Serotyping KW - Aged KW - Child KW - Sterilization KW - Oregon -- epidemiology KW - Child, Preschool KW - Canada -- epidemiology KW - Infant KW - Hot Temperature KW - Washington -- epidemiology KW - Adult KW - Middle Aged KW - Adolescent KW - United States -- epidemiology KW - Cluster Analysis KW - Male KW - Female KW - Salmonella Food Poisoning -- etiology KW - Citrus -- microbiology KW - Beverages -- microbiology KW - Salmonella Food Poisoning -- epidemiology KW - Salmonella -- isolation & purification KW - Salmonella -- classification KW - Disease Outbreaks UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/69933738?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=MMWR.+Morbidity+and+mortality+weekly+report&rft.atitle=Outbreak+of+Salmonella+serotype+Muenchen+infections+associated+with+unpasteurized+orange+juice--United+States+and+Canada%2C+June+1999.&rft.au=Centers+for+Disease+Control+and+Prevention+%28CDC%29&rft.aulast=Centers+for+Disease+Control+and+Prevention+%28CDC%29&rft.aufirst=&rft.date=1999-07-16&rft.volume=48&rft.issue=27&rft.spage=582&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=MMWR.+Morbidity+and+mortality+weekly+report&rft.issn=01492195&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1999-08-05 N1 - Date created - 1999-08-05 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Intussusception among recipients of rotavirus vaccine--United States, 1998-1999. AN - 69930615; 10428095 AB - On August 31, 1998, a tetravalent rhesus-based rotavirus vaccine (RotaShield, Wyeth Laboratories, Inc., Marietta, Pennsylvania) (RRV-TV) was licensed in the United States for vaccination of infants. The Advisory Committee on Immunization Practices (ACIP), the American Academy of Pediatrics, and the American Academy of Family Physicians have recommended routine use of RRV-TV for vaccination of healthy infants. During September 1, 1998-July 7, 1999, 15 cases of intussusception (a bowel obstruction in which one segment of bowel becomes enfolded within another segment) among infants who had received RRV-TV were reported to the Vaccine Adverse Event Reporting System (VAERS). This report summarizes the clinical and epidemiologic features of these cases and preliminary data from ongoing studies of intussusception and rotavirus vaccine. JF - MMWR. Morbidity and mortality weekly report AU - Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) AD - Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) Y1 - 1999/07/16/ PY - 1999 DA - 1999 Jul 16 SP - 577 EP - 581 VL - 48 IS - 27 SN - 0149-2195, 0149-2195 KW - Rotavirus Vaccines KW - 0 KW - Vaccines, Attenuated KW - Viral Vaccines KW - rhesus rotavirus vaccine KW - Index Medicus KW - Infant KW - Adverse Drug Reaction Reporting Systems KW - Humans KW - United States -- epidemiology KW - Minnesota -- epidemiology KW - Male KW - Female KW - Rotavirus -- immunology KW - Viral Vaccines -- adverse effects KW - Intussusception -- etiology KW - Vaccines, Attenuated -- adverse effects KW - Intussusception -- epidemiology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/69930615?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=MMWR.+Morbidity+and+mortality+weekly+report&rft.atitle=Intussusception+among+recipients+of+rotavirus+vaccine--United+States%2C+1998-1999.&rft.au=Centers+for+Disease+Control+and+Prevention+%28CDC%29&rft.aulast=Centers+for+Disease+Control+and+Prevention+%28CDC%29&rft.aufirst=&rft.date=1999-07-16&rft.volume=48&rft.issue=27&rft.spage=577&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=MMWR.+Morbidity+and+mortality+weekly+report&rft.issn=01492195&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1999-08-05 N1 - Date created - 1999-08-05 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Impact of Temperature on Drinking Water Biofilter Performance and Microbial Community Structure AN - 17367316; 4588817 AB - Seasonal changes in removal of natural organic matter (NOM) by drinking water biofilters are often attributed to temperature differences. Bench-scale sand biofilters treating NOM isolated from a surface water source were operated in parallel at 5, 20, and 35 degree C to isolate the effect of temperature from other water quality and operational parameters, which also vary seasonally. The biofilter operated at 5 degree C achieved significantly lower removal of NOM and the NOM fraction that reacts with disinfectants (disinfection byproduct precursors) compared to the filters operated at 20 and 35 degree C, which had similar performance levels. Viable biomass, measured as lipid phosphate, was significantly higher at the top and bottom of the filter operated at 20 degree C. Phospholipid fatty acid (PLFA) profiles indicated an increasing gradient in markers for Gram-negative bacteria and microeukaryotes as biofilter operation temperature decreased, replacing general fatty acids and markers for Gram-positive bacteria and sulfate-reducing bacteria, which were observed in greatest abundance in the filter operated at 35 degree C. Principal components analysis differentiated the microbial PLFA profiles based on biofilter operation temperature and filter depth. These results were corroborated by identifications of the dominant microbial colonies isolated on R2A agar. JF - Environmental Science & Technology AU - Moll, D M AU - Summers, R S AU - Fonseca, A C AU - Matheis, W AD - Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Health Studies Branch, 4770 Buford Highway N.E., Atlanta, GA 30341, USA, zdf8@cdc.gov Y1 - 1999/07/15/ PY - 1999 DA - 1999 Jul 15 SP - 2377 EP - 2382 VL - 33 IS - 14 SN - 0013-936X, 0013-936X KW - NOM KW - PLFA KW - Microbiology Abstracts A: Industrial & Applied Microbiology; Pollution Abstracts; Water Resources Abstracts KW - Disinfection KW - Seasonal Variations KW - Byproducts KW - Principal Component Analysis KW - Water quality KW - Drinking Water KW - Organic Matter KW - Sand KW - Temperature Effects KW - Seasonal variations KW - Temperature effects KW - Bacteria KW - Biofilters KW - Organic matter KW - Temperature KW - Water Quality KW - Fatty Acids KW - Microbial activity KW - Biomass KW - Biofiltration KW - Community structure KW - Profiles KW - Fatty acids KW - Drinking water KW - P 2000:FRESHWATER POLLUTION KW - SW 3060:Water treatment and distribution KW - A 01108:Other water systems UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/17367316?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologya&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Environmental+Science+%26+Technology&rft.atitle=Impact+of+Temperature+on+Drinking+Water+Biofilter+Performance+and+Microbial+Community+Structure&rft.au=Moll%2C+D+M%3BSummers%2C+R+S%3BFonseca%2C+A+C%3BMatheis%2C+W&rft.aulast=Moll&rft.aufirst=D&rft.date=1999-07-15&rft.volume=33&rft.issue=14&rft.spage=2377&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Environmental+Science+%26+Technology&rft.issn=0013936X&rft_id=info:doi/10.1021%2Fes9900757 LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Temperature Effects; Fatty Acids; Principal Component Analysis; Drinking Water; Biofilters; Seasonal Variations; Organic Matter; Biomass; Profiles; Bacteria; Water Quality; Disinfection; Byproducts; Drinking water; Biofiltration; Temperature; Microbial activity; Community structure; Sand; Organic matter; Fatty acids; Temperature effects; Seasonal variations; Water quality DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/es9900757 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Initial results from the national registry for juvenile-onset recurrent respiratory papillomatosis. RRP Task Force. AN - 85301774; pmid-10406310 AB - OBJECTIVE: To characterize the spectrum of juvenile-onset recurrent respiratory papillomatosis (RRP) in the United States and to obtain data about the natural course of the disease and its response to treatment. SETTING: Twenty tertiary-care pediatric otolaryngology centers throughout the United States. PATIENTS: All patients with active RRP aged less than 18 years at the participating sites. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Number of surgical procedures performed per year, progression of papillomas to previously nondiseased anatomical sites, drug interventions and other adjuvant therapy, and need for tracheostomy. RESULTS: Data were collected from 399 children enrolled from January, 1, 1997, through December 31, 1998. There were 51.9% male; 62.7% white, 28.3% black, 9.0% other or unknown racial group; 10.8% Hispanic ethnicity. Mean age at diagnosis was 3.8 years (range, 0.1-16.3 years) and mean duration of disease was 4.4 years (range, 0.03-18.9 years). The mean number of surgical procedures per child was 4.4 per year (range, 0.2-19.3 per year). Children whose RRP was diagnosed at younger ages ( or =3.0 years), after adjusting for sex, race, and years of treatment. CONCLUSIONS: Children whose disease was diagnosed before age 3 years were more likely than children aged 3 years or older to have more severe disease as measured by the mean number of surgical procedures performed and by the number of anatomical sites affected. The registry will form the basis for future analysis on the outcome of disease, natural course of RRP under management strategies, prevention strategies, and public health importance. JF - Archives of otolaryngology--head & neck surgery AU - Armstrong, L R AU - Derkay, C S AU - Reeves, W C AD - Viral Exanthems and Herpesvirus Branch, Division of Viral and Rickettsial Diseases, National Center for Infectious Disease, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA 30333, USA. lra0@cdc.gov Y1 - 1999/07// PY - 1999 DA - July 1999 SP - 743 EP - 748 VL - 125 IS - 7 SN - 0886-4470, 0886-4470 KW - Abridged Index Medicus; Index Medicus KW - National Library of Medicine KW - Respiratory Tract Neoplasms -- diagnosis KW - Neoplasm Recurrence, Local -- epidemiology KW - Papilloma -- surgery KW - Humans KW - Prognosis KW - Reoperation KW - Child KW - Respiratory Tract Neoplasms -- epidemiology KW - Papilloma -- epidemiology KW - Child, Preschool KW - Infant KW - Treatment Outcome KW - Neoplasm Recurrence, Local -- diagnosis KW - Respiratory Tract Neoplasms -- surgery KW - Adolescent KW - Neoplasm Recurrence, Local -- surgery KW - Papilloma -- diagnosis KW - Male KW - Female KW - Registries -- statistics & numerical data UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/85301774?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Acomdisdome&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Archives+of+otolaryngology--head+%26+neck+surgery&rft.atitle=Initial+results+from+the+national+registry+for+juvenile-onset+recurrent+respiratory+papillomatosis.+RRP+Task+Force.&rft.au=Armstrong%2C+L+R%3BDerkay%2C+C+S%3BReeves%2C+W+C&rft.aulast=Armstrong&rft.aufirst=L&rft.date=1999-07-01&rft.volume=125&rft.issue=7&rft.spage=743&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Archives+of+otolaryngology--head+%26+neck+surgery&rft.issn=08864470&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ComDisDome N1 - Date revised - 2009-01-15 N1 - Last updated - 2010-05-07 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Willingness of injection drug users to participate in an HIV vaccine efficacy trial in Bangkok, Thailand. AN - 69920274; 10421249 AB - We assessed willingness to participate in an HIV recombinant gp120 bivalent subtypes B/E candidate vaccine efficacy trial among 193 injection drug users (IDUs) attending drug treatment clinics in Bangkok, Thailand. IDUs previously enrolled in a prospective cohort study were invited to group sessions describing a potential trial, then completed questionnaires assessing comprehension and willingness to participate. A week later, they completed a follow-up questionnaire that again assessed comprehension and willingness to participate, as well as barriers to and positive motives for participation, with whom (if anyone) they talked about the information, and whether others thought participation was a good, bad, or neutral idea. At baseline, 51% were definitely willing to participate, and at follow-up 54%; only 3% were not willing to participate at either time. Comprehension was high at baseline and improved at follow-up. Participants who viewed altruism, regular HIV tests, and family support for participation as important were more willing to volunteer. Frequency of incarceration and concerns about the length of the trial, possible vaccine-induced accelerated disease progression, and lack of family support were negatively associated with willingness. Overall, IDUs comprehended the information needed to make a fully informed decision about participating in an rgp120 vaccine efficacy trial and expressed a high level of willingness to participate in such a trial. JF - Journal of acquired immune deficiency syndromes (1999) AU - MacQueen, K M AU - Vanichseni, S AU - Kitayaporn, D AU - Lin, L S AU - Buavirat, A AU - Naiwatanakul, T AU - Raktham, S AU - Mock, P AU - Heyward, W L AU - Des Jarlais, D C AU - Choopanya, K AU - Mastro, T D AD - Division of HIV/AIDS Prevention, National Center for HIV, STD, and TB Prevention, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia 30333, USA. kmm3@cdc.gov Y1 - 1999/07/01/ PY - 1999 DA - 1999 Jul 01 SP - 243 EP - 251 VL - 21 IS - 3 SN - 1525-4135, 1525-4135 KW - AIDS Vaccines KW - 0 KW - AIDSVAX KW - HIV Envelope Protein gp120 KW - Vaccines, Synthetic KW - Index Medicus KW - AIDS/HIV KW - Prospective Studies KW - Motivation KW - Thailand KW - Humans KW - Adult KW - Male KW - Patient Acceptance of Health Care KW - Clinical Trials as Topic KW - Substance Abuse, Intravenous -- psychology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/69920274?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+acquired+immune+deficiency+syndromes+%281999%29&rft.atitle=Willingness+of+injection+drug+users+to+participate+in+an+HIV+vaccine+efficacy+trial+in+Bangkok%2C+Thailand.&rft.au=MacQueen%2C+K+M%3BVanichseni%2C+S%3BKitayaporn%2C+D%3BLin%2C+L+S%3BBuavirat%2C+A%3BNaiwatanakul%2C+T%3BRaktham%2C+S%3BMock%2C+P%3BHeyward%2C+W+L%3BDes+Jarlais%2C+D+C%3BChoopanya%2C+K%3BMastro%2C+T+D&rft.aulast=MacQueen&rft.aufirst=K&rft.date=1999-07-01&rft.volume=21&rft.issue=3&rft.spage=243&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+acquired+immune+deficiency+syndromes+%281999%29&rft.issn=15254135&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1999-08-19 N1 - Date created - 1999-08-19 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Cancer mortality among women employed in fast-growing U.S. occupations. AN - 69808026; 10361605 AB - Our study examined cancer mortality before the age of 65 for women employed in the fastest growing and/or traditionally female occupations. Analysis of mortality data from 28 U.S. states for 1984-1995 revealed elevated proportionate cancer mortality ratios (PCMRs). The highest PCMRs observed were thyroid cancer among health aides, lymphatic and multiple myeloma among computer programmers, and brain cancer among actresses and directresses. Some of the excess mortality occurred for occupations that have been previously cited. These included elevated breast and ovarian cancer among teachers, Hodgkin's disease among hairdressers and cosmetologists, and thyroid cancer among health aides and therapists. A few of the associations were new, i.e., had not been previously observed. These included cancer of the connective tissue and lymphatic system among computer programmers, ovarian cancer and leukemia among secretaries, and lymphatic cancer and multiple myeloma among child care workers. These findings should be further investigated with epidemiologic and environmental studies. JF - American journal of industrial medicine AU - Robinson, C F AU - Walker, J T AD - Division of Surveillance, Hazard Evaluations, and Field Studies, National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, Cincinnati, Ohio 45226, USA. CFR2@CDC.GOV Y1 - 1999/07// PY - 1999 DA - July 1999 SP - 186 EP - 192 VL - 36 IS - 1 SN - 0271-3586, 0271-3586 KW - Index Medicus KW - Humans KW - Death Certificates KW - Adult KW - Retrospective Studies KW - Middle Aged KW - Statistics as Topic KW - United States -- epidemiology KW - Female KW - Women's Health KW - Neoplasms -- mortality KW - Women, Working -- statistics & numerical data KW - Occupations -- statistics & numerical data KW - Occupations -- classification KW - Occupations -- trends KW - Neoplasms -- etiology KW - Occupational Diseases -- mortality UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/69808026?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=American+journal+of+industrial+medicine&rft.atitle=Cancer+mortality+among+women+employed+in+fast-growing+U.S.+occupations.&rft.au=Robinson%2C+C+F%3BWalker%2C+J+T&rft.aulast=Robinson&rft.aufirst=C&rft.date=1999-07-01&rft.volume=36&rft.issue=1&rft.spage=186&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=American+journal+of+industrial+medicine&rft.issn=02713586&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1999-09-15 N1 - Date created - 1999-09-15 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Elevated oxidase and esterase levels associated with permethrin tolerance in Anopheles gambiae from Kenyan villages using permethrin-impregnated nets AN - 17581262; 4648642 AB - The permethrin tolerance (PT) of a population of the mosquito Anopheles gambiae (Diptera: Culicidae) increased following the introduction of permethrin-impregnated nets for malaria control in certain villages near Kisumu, Western Kenya. Using a biochemical test that indirectly measures oxidases associated with permethrin resistance, we found that this population had higher oxidase levels than a comparison population from villages without impregnated nets. Mosquitoes from a colony of An. gambiae selected for PT, the RSP (reduced susceptibility to permethrin) strain, were exposed to permethrin with or without the oxidase inhibitor piperonyl butoxide (PB). Significantly higher mortality rates occurred when permethrin was synergized by PB, presumably by suppression of oxidases responsible for PT. An unselected (UNS) colony of An. gambiae that was more susceptible than RSP in a permethrin-susceptibility bioassay (i.e. LT sub(50) 22 min for UNS, vs. 42 min for RSP) was compared with the RSP colony for levels of oxidases and esterases. The levels of both enzymes were very significantly higher in the RSP strain (P < 0.0001). We speculate that use of impregnated nets selected for higher oxidase and esterase levels in An. gambiae to metabolize permethrin acquired from the nets. Both oxidase and esterase mechanisms could confer cross-resistance to other pyrethroids. JF - Medical and Veterinary Entomology AU - Vulule, J M AU - Beach, R F AU - Atieli, F K AU - McAllister, J C AU - Brogdon, W G AU - Roberts, J M AU - Mwangi, R W AU - Hawley, WA AD - Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, 4770 Buford Highway, NE, M/S F13, Atlanta, Georgia, 30341-3724, USA, rfbl@cdc.gov Y1 - 1999/07// PY - 1999 DA - Jul 1999 SP - 239 EP - 244 VL - 13 IS - 3 SN - 0269-283X, 0269-283X KW - Anopheles gambiae KW - Culicidae KW - Diptera KW - Kenya KW - Mosquitoes KW - esterase KW - oxidase KW - permethrin KW - ASFA 3: Aquatic Pollution & Environmental Quality; ASFA 1: Biological Sciences & Living Resources; Entomology Abstracts; Pollution Abstracts KW - Biological vectors KW - Chemical control KW - Enzymes KW - Malaria KW - Pest control KW - Freshwater KW - Control resistance KW - Pesticide resistance KW - Kenya, Nyanza, Kisumu KW - Toxicity testing KW - Aquatic insects KW - Z 05207:Agricultural & general applied entomology KW - Q1 08485:Species interactions: pests and control KW - Q5 08524:Public health, medicines, dangerous organisms KW - P 6000:TOXICOLOGY AND HEALTH UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/17581262?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aasfaaquaticpollution&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Medical+and+Veterinary+Entomology&rft.atitle=Elevated+oxidase+and+esterase+levels+associated+with+permethrin+tolerance+in+Anopheles+gambiae+from+Kenyan+villages+using+permethrin-impregnated+nets&rft.au=Vulule%2C+J+M%3BBeach%2C+R+F%3BAtieli%2C+F+K%3BMcAllister%2C+J+C%3BBrogdon%2C+W+G%3BRoberts%2C+J+M%3BMwangi%2C+R+W%3BHawley%2C+WA&rft.aulast=Vulule&rft.aufirst=J&rft.date=1999-07-01&rft.volume=13&rft.issue=3&rft.spage=239&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Medical+and+Veterinary+Entomology&rft.issn=0269283X&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Last updated - 2014-05-06 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Biological vectors; Enzymes; Pest control; Malaria; Aquatic insects; Control resistance; Pesticide resistance; Chemical control; Toxicity testing; Kenya, Nyanza, Kisumu; Freshwater ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Environmental exposure to volatile organic compounds among workers in Mexico City as assessed by personal monitors and blood concentrations AN - 17311193; 4590315 AB - Benzene, an important component in gasoline, is a widely distributed environmental contaminant that has been linked to known health effects in animals and humans, including leukemia. In Mexico City, environmental benzene levels, which may be elevated because of the heavy traffic and the poor emission control devices of older vehicles, may pose a health risk to the population. To assess the potential risk, portable passive monitors and blood concentrations were used to survey three different occupational groups in Mexico City. Passive monitors measured the personal exposure of 45 workers to benzene, ethylbenzene, toluene, o-xylene and m-/p-xylene during a work shift. Blood concentrations of the above volatile organic compounds (VOCs), methyl tert-butyl ether, and styrene were measured at the beginning and the end of a work shift. Passive monitors showed significantly higher (p > 0.0001) benzene exposure levels among service station attendants (median = 330 mu g/m super(3); range 130-770) as compared to street vendors (median = 62 mu g/m super(3); range 49-180) and office workers (median = 44 mu g/m super(3), range 32-67). Baseline blood benzene levels (BBLs) for these groups were higher than those reported for similar populations from Western countries (median = 0.63 mu g/L, n = 24 for service station attendants; median = 0.30 mu g/L, n = 6 for street vendors; and median = 0.17 mu g/L, n = 7 for office workers). Nonsmoking office workers who were nonoccupationally exposed to VOCs had BBLs that were more than five times higher than those observed in a nonsmoking U.S. population. BBLs of participants did not increase during the work shift, suggesting that because the participants were chronically exposed to benzene, complex pharmacokinetic mechanisms were involved. Our results highlight the need for more complete studies to assess the potential benefits of setting environmental standards for benzene and other VOCs in Mexico. JF - Environmental Health Perspectives AU - Romieu, I AU - Ramirez, M AU - Meneses, F AU - Ashley, D AU - Lemire, S AU - Colome, S AU - Fung, K AU - Hernandez-Avila, M AD - National Center for Environmental Health, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, CDC/NCEH/EHHE/HSB (MS-F46), 4770 Buford Highway, NE, Atlanta, GA 30341-3724, USA, iar9@cdc.gov Y1 - 1999/07// PY - 1999 DA - Jul 1999 SP - 511 EP - 515 VL - 107 IS - 7 SN - 0091-6765, 0091-6765 KW - Mexico KW - Mexico, Mexico City KW - benzene KW - blood levels KW - chronic exposure KW - man KW - Toxicology Abstracts; Health & Safety Science Abstracts; Pollution Abstracts KW - Pollution monitoring KW - Benzene KW - Occupational exposure KW - Urban areas KW - Volatiles KW - volatile organic compounds KW - Organic compounds KW - Automotive exhaust emissions KW - Volatile organic compounds KW - X 24153:Metabolism KW - H 1000:Occupational Safety and Health KW - P 6000:TOXICOLOGY AND HEALTH UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/17311193?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxicologyabstracts&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Environmental+Health+Perspectives&rft.atitle=Environmental+exposure+to+volatile+organic+compounds+among+workers+in+Mexico+City+as+assessed+by+personal+monitors+and+blood+concentrations&rft.au=Romieu%2C+I%3BRamirez%2C+M%3BMeneses%2C+F%3BAshley%2C+D%3BLemire%2C+S%3BColome%2C+S%3BFung%2C+K%3BHernandez-Avila%2C+M&rft.aulast=Romieu&rft.aufirst=I&rft.date=1999-07-01&rft.volume=107&rft.issue=7&rft.spage=511&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Environmental+Health+Perspectives&rft.issn=00916765&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Urban areas; Volatile organic compounds; Occupational exposure; Automotive exhaust emissions; Benzene; Organic compounds; Pollution monitoring; volatile organic compounds; Volatiles ER - TY - JOUR T1 - A Flow Cytometric Opsonophagocytic Assay for Measurement of Functional Antibodies Elicited after Vaccination with the 23-Valent Pneumococcal Polysaccharide Vaccine AN - 17300368; 4573090 AB - Opsonophagocytosis is the primary mechanism for clearance of pneumococci from the host, and the measurement of opsonophagocytic antibodies appears to correlate with vaccine-induced protection. We developed a semiautomated flow cytometric opsonophagocytosis assay using HL-60 granulocytes as effector cells and non-viable 5,6-carboxyfluorescein, succinimidyl ester-labeled Streptococcus pneumoniae (serotypes 4, 6B, 9V, 14, 18C, 19F, and 23F) as bacterial targets. The flow cytometric opsonophagocytosis assay was highly reproducible (for 87% of repetitive assays the titers were within 1 dilution of the median titer) and serotype specific, with greater than or equal to 97% inhibition of opsonophagocytic titer by addition of homologous serotype-specific polysaccharide. In general, opsonophagocytic titers were not significantly inhibited by the presence of either heterologous pneumococcal polysaccharide or penicillin in the serum. The flow cytometric assay could reproducibly measure functional antibody activity in prevaccination (n = 28) and postvaccination (n = 36) serum specimens from healthy adult volunteers vaccinated with the 23-valent pneumococcal polysaccharide vaccine. When compared with a standardized manual viable opsonophagocytic assay, a high correlation (r = 0.89; P less than or equal to 0.01) was found between the two assays for the seven serotypes tested. The flow cytometric assay is rapid ( similar to 4 h) with high throughput ( similar to 50 serum samples per day per technician) and provides a reproducible measurement of serotype-specific functional antibodies, making it a highly suitable assay for the evaluation of the immune responses elicited by pneumococcal vaccines. JF - Clinical and Diagnostic Laboratory Immunology AU - Martinez, JE AU - Romero-Steiner, S AU - Pilishvili, T AU - Barnard, S AU - Schinsky, J AU - Goldblatt, D AU - Carlone, G M AD - Mailstop A-36, Respiratory Diseases Branch, Immunology Section, Division of Bacterial and Mycotic Diseases, National Center for Infectious Diseases, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA 30333, SXS8@CDC.GOV Y1 - 1999/07// PY - 1999 DA - Jul 1999 SP - 581 EP - 586 VL - 6 IS - 4 SN - 1071-412X, 1071-412X KW - HL-60 cells KW - Streptococcus pneumoniae KW - immunology KW - man KW - polysaccharides KW - Microbiology Abstracts B: Bacteriology; Immunology Abstracts KW - Flow cytometry KW - Leukocytes (granulocytic) KW - Vaccines KW - Phagocytosis KW - J 02831:Techniques and reagents KW - J 02834:Vaccination and immunization KW - F 06807:Active immunization UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/17300368?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologyb&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Clinical+and+Diagnostic+Laboratory+Immunology&rft.atitle=A+Flow+Cytometric+Opsonophagocytic+Assay+for+Measurement+of+Functional+Antibodies+Elicited+after+Vaccination+with+the+23-Valent+Pneumococcal+Polysaccharide+Vaccine&rft.au=Martinez%2C+JE%3BRomero-Steiner%2C+S%3BPilishvili%2C+T%3BBarnard%2C+S%3BSchinsky%2C+J%3BGoldblatt%2C+D%3BCarlone%2C+G+M&rft.aulast=Martinez&rft.aufirst=JE&rft.date=1999-07-01&rft.volume=6&rft.issue=4&rft.spage=581&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Clinical+and+Diagnostic+Laboratory+Immunology&rft.issn=1071412X&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Streptococcus pneumoniae; Phagocytosis; Flow cytometry; Vaccines; Leukocytes (granulocytic) ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Cancer mortality in health and science technicians AN - 17295617; 4564697 AB - Nearly one million U.S. women are employed as health or science technicians with various chemical and biological exposures, but few studies have looked at their health outcomes. Using 1984-1995 mortality data with coded occupation information, we calculated race- and age-adjusted proportionate cancer mortality ratios (PCMRs) and 95% confidence intervals for two age groups for black and white women with occupations of clinical laboratory (CLT), radiologic, and science technician. For CLTs, the PCMRs for breast cancer were borderline significantly elevated. The PCMRs for leukemia were significantly elevated, particularly for myeloid leukemia. Radiologic technicians had no significantly elevated PCMRs. Science technicians had significantly elevated PCMRs for non-Hodgkin's lymphoma and multiple myeloma in the younger age group. The elevated risks for lymphatic and hematopoietic neoplasms in CLTs and science technicians may be associated with occupational exposures. JF - American Journal of Industrial Medicine AU - Burnett, C AU - Robinson, C AU - Walker, J AD - National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, 4676 Columbia Parkway, MS R-18, Cincinnati, OH 45226, USA, CAB9@CDC.GOV Y1 - 1999/07// PY - 1999 DA - Jul 1999 SP - 155 EP - 158 VL - 36 IS - 1 SN - 0271-3586, 0271-3586 KW - females KW - man KW - Health & Safety Science Abstracts; Toxicology Abstracts KW - Medical personnel KW - Multiple myeloma KW - Lymphoma KW - Occupational exposure KW - Mortality KW - Laboratories KW - Cancer KW - Females KW - X 24240:Miscellaneous KW - H 1000:Occupational Safety and Health UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/17295617?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxicologyabstracts&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=American+Journal+of+Industrial+Medicine&rft.atitle=Cancer+mortality+in+health+and+science+technicians&rft.au=Burnett%2C+C%3BRobinson%2C+C%3BWalker%2C+J&rft.aulast=Burnett&rft.aufirst=C&rft.date=1999-07-01&rft.volume=36&rft.issue=1&rft.spage=155&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=American+Journal+of+Industrial+Medicine&rft.issn=02713586&rft_id=info:doi/10.1002%2F%28SICI%291097-0274%28199907%2936%3A13.0.CO%3B2-Z LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - SuppNotes - Special issue: Women's health: Occupation, cancer and reproduction. N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Medical personnel; Mortality; Occupational exposure; Cancer; Lymphoma; Multiple myeloma; Laboratories; Females DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/(SICI)1097-0274(199907)36:1<155::AID-AJIM22>3.0.CO;2-Z ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Proficiency of clinical laboratories in Spain in detecting vancomycin-resistant Enterococcus spp. AN - 17264913; 4554139 AB - Studies in a variety of U.S. clinical laboratories have demonstrated difficulty in detecting intermediate and low-level vancomycin-resistant enterococci (VRE). The misclassification of 'at least intermediate resistant isolates' as vancomycin susceptible may have both clinical implications and a negative impact on measures to control the spread of VRE. No published study has assessed the ability of clinical laboratories in Europe to detect VRE. So, the apparent low prevalence of VRE in European hospitals may be, in part, secondary to the inability of these laboratories to detect all VRE. In an effort to assess European laboratories' proficiency in detecting VRE, we identified 22 laboratories in Spain and asked them to test four VRE strains and one susceptible enterococcal strain from the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention collection. Each organism was tested by the routine antimicrobial susceptibility testing method used by each laboratory. Overall, VRE were correctly identified in 61 of 88 (69.1%) instances. The accuracy of VRE detection varied with the level of resistance and the antimicrobial susceptibility method. The high-level-resistant strain (Enterococcus faecium; MIC, 512 mu g/ml) was accurately detected in 20 of 22 (91.3%) instances, whereas the intermediate-resistant isolate (Enterococcus gallinarum; MIC, 8 mu g/ml) was accurately detected in only 11 of 22 (50%) instances. Classification errors occurred in 27 of 88 (30.9%) instances. Misclassification as vancomycin susceptible was the most common error (16 of 27 [59.3%] instances). Our study shows that the participating Spanish laboratories had an overall acceptable proficiency in detecting VRE but that a substantial proportion of VRE isolates with low or intermediate levels of resistance were not detected. We recommend that studies be conducted to validate laboratory proficiency testing as an important step in the prevention and control of the spread of antimicrobial resistance. JF - Journal of Clinical Microbiology AU - Alonso-Echanove, J AU - Robles, B AU - Jarvis, W R AD - Hospital Infections Program, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention MS E69, 1600 Clifton Rd., Atlanta, GA 30333, USA, wrj1@cdc.gov Y1 - 1999/07// PY - 1999 DA - Jul 1999 SP - 2148 EP - 2152 VL - 37 IS - 7 SN - 0095-1137, 0095-1137 KW - Spain KW - Microbiology Abstracts A: Industrial & Applied Microbiology; Microbiology Abstracts B: Bacteriology KW - Enterococcus faecium KW - Antibiotic sensitivity testing KW - Vancomycin KW - Antibacterial agents KW - Antibiotic resistance KW - Enterococcus gallinarum KW - Minimum inhibitory concentration KW - Quality control KW - Enterococcus KW - A 01064:Microbial resistance KW - J 02795:Antibiotic resistance KW - A 01073:Quality control UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/17264913?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologyb&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Clinical+Microbiology&rft.atitle=Proficiency+of+clinical+laboratories+in+Spain+in+detecting+vancomycin-resistant+Enterococcus+spp.&rft.au=Alonso-Echanove%2C+J%3BRobles%2C+B%3BJarvis%2C+W+R&rft.aulast=Alonso-Echanove&rft.aufirst=J&rft.date=1999-07-01&rft.volume=37&rft.issue=7&rft.spage=2148&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+Clinical+Microbiology&rft.issn=00951137&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Enterococcus; Enterococcus faecium; Enterococcus gallinarum; Quality control; Antibiotic sensitivity testing; Antibiotic resistance; Antibacterial agents; Vancomycin; Minimum inhibitory concentration ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Molecular subtyping of Clostridium perfringens by pulsed-field gel electrophoresis to facilitate food-borne-disease outbreak investigations AN - 17264385; 4554154 AB - Clostridium perfringens is a common cause of food-borne illness. The illness is characterized by profuse diarrhea and acute abdominal pain. Since the illness is usually self-limiting, many cases are undiagnosed and/or not reported. Investigations are often pursued after an outbreak involving large numbers of people in institutions, at restaurants, or at catered meals. Serotyping has been used in the past to assist epidemiologic investigations of C. perfringens outbreaks. However, serotyping reagents are not widely available, and many isolates are often untypeable with existing reagents. We developed a pulsed-field gel electrophoresis (PFGE) method for molecular subtyping of C. perfringens isolates to aid in epidemiologic investigations of food-borne outbreaks. Six restriction endonucleases (SmaI, ApaI, FspI, MluI, KspI, and XbaI) were evaluated with a select panel of C. perfringens strains. SmaI was chosen for further studies because it produced 11 to 13 well-distributed bands of 40 to approximately 1,100 kb which provided good discrimination between isolates. Seventeen distinct patterns were obtained with 62 isolates from seven outbreak investigations or control strains. In general, multiple isolates from a single individual had indistinguishable PFGE patterns. Epidemiologically unrelated isolates (outbreak or control strains) had unique patterns; isolates from different individuals within an outbreak had similar, if not identical, patterns. PFGE identifies clonal relationships of isolates which will assist epidemiologic investigations of food-borne-disease outbreaks caused by C. perfringens. JF - Journal of Clinical Microbiology AU - Maslanka, SE AU - Kerr, J G AU - Williams, G AU - Barbaree, J M AU - Carson, LA AU - Miller, J M AU - Swaminathan, B AD - Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, 1600 Clifton Rd., Mailstop C03, Atlanta, GA 30333, USA, SHT5@CDC.GOV Y1 - 1999/07// PY - 1999 DA - Jul 1999 SP - 2209 EP - 2214 VL - 37 IS - 7 SN - 0095-1137, 0095-1137 KW - Microbiology Abstracts A: Industrial & Applied Microbiology; Microbiology Abstracts B: Bacteriology KW - Epidemiology KW - Genotyping KW - Clostridium perfringens KW - Pulsed-field gel electrophoresis KW - Food-borne diseases KW - A 01017:Human foods KW - J 02710:Identification, taxonomy and typing UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/17264385?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologyb&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Clinical+Microbiology&rft.atitle=Molecular+subtyping+of+Clostridium+perfringens+by+pulsed-field+gel+electrophoresis+to+facilitate+food-borne-disease+outbreak+investigations&rft.au=Maslanka%2C+SE%3BKerr%2C+J+G%3BWilliams%2C+G%3BBarbaree%2C+J+M%3BCarson%2C+LA%3BMiller%2C+J+M%3BSwaminathan%2C+B&rft.aulast=Maslanka&rft.aufirst=SE&rft.date=1999-07-01&rft.volume=37&rft.issue=7&rft.spage=2209&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+Clinical+Microbiology&rft.issn=00951137&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Clostridium perfringens; Food-borne diseases; Genotyping; Pulsed-field gel electrophoresis; Epidemiology ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Evidence of Avian Leukosis Virus Subgroup E and Endogenous Avian Virus in Measles and Mumps Vaccines Derived from Chicken Cells: Investigation of Transmission to Vaccine Recipients AN - 17251079; 4535181 AB - Reverse transcriptase (RT) activity has been detected recently in all chicken cell-derived measles and mumps vaccines. A study of a vaccine manufactured in Europe indicated that the RT is associated with particles containing endogenous avian retrovirus (EAV-0) RNA and originates from the chicken embryonic fibroblasts (CEF) used as a substrate for propagation of the vaccine. We investigated the origin of RT in measles and mumps vaccines from a U.S. manufacturer and confirm the presence of RT and EAV RNA. Additionally, we provide new evidence for the presence of avian leukosis virus (ALV) in both CEF supernatants and vaccines. ALV pol sequences were first identified in particle-associated RNA by amplification with degenerate retroviral pol primers. ALV RNA sequences from both the gag and env regions were also detected. Analysis of hypervariable region 2 of env revealed a subgroup E sequence, an endogenous-type ALV. Both CEF- and vaccine-derived RT activity could be blocked by antibodies to ALV RT. Release of ALV-like virus particles from uninoculated CEF was also documented by electron microscopy. Nonetheless, infectivity studies on susceptible 15B sub(1) chicken cells gave no evidence of infectious ALV, which is consistent with the phenotypes of the ev loci identified in the CEF. PCR analysis of ALV and EAV proviral sequences in peripheral blood mononuclear cells from 33 children after measles and mumps vaccination yielded negative results. Our data indicate that the sources of RT activity in all RT-positive measles and mumps vaccines may not be similar and depend on the particular endogenous retroviral loci present in the chicken cell substrate used. The present data do not support transmission of either ALV or EAV to recipients of the U.S.-made vaccine and provide reassurance for current immunization policies. JF - Journal of Virology AU - Tsang, S X AU - Switzer, WM AU - Shanmugam, V AU - Johnson, JA AU - Goldsmith, C AU - Wright, A AU - Fadly, A AU - Thea, D AU - Jaffe, H AU - Folks, T M AU - Heneine, W AD - HIV and Retrovirology Branch, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, 1600 Clifton Rd., Mail Stop G-19, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA, WMH2@CDC.GOV Y1 - 1999/07// PY - 1999 DA - Jul 1999 SP - 5843 EP - 5851 VL - 73 IS - 7 SN - 0022-538X, 0022-538X KW - avian leukosis virus KW - chickens KW - endogenous avian retrovirus KW - env gene KW - gag gene KW - man KW - measles virus KW - mumps virus KW - pol gene KW - Immunology Abstracts; Virology & AIDS Abstracts; Microbiology Abstracts A: Industrial & Applied Microbiology KW - Contamination KW - Measles virus KW - Endogenous avian retrovirus KW - Avian leukosis virus KW - RNA-directed DNA polymerase KW - Electron microscopy KW - Mumps virus KW - Quality control KW - Vaccines KW - F 06807:Active immunization KW - V 22097:Immunization: Vaccines & vaccination: Human KW - A 01073:Quality control UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/17251079?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologya&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Virology&rft.atitle=Evidence+of+Avian+Leukosis+Virus+Subgroup+E+and+Endogenous+Avian+Virus+in+Measles+and+Mumps+Vaccines+Derived+from+Chicken+Cells%3A+Investigation+of+Transmission+to+Vaccine+Recipients&rft.au=Tsang%2C+S+X%3BSwitzer%2C+WM%3BShanmugam%2C+V%3BJohnson%2C+JA%3BGoldsmith%2C+C%3BWright%2C+A%3BFadly%2C+A%3BThea%2C+D%3BJaffe%2C+H%3BFolks%2C+T+M%3BHeneine%2C+W&rft.aulast=Tsang&rft.aufirst=S&rft.date=1999-07-01&rft.volume=73&rft.issue=7&rft.spage=5843&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+Virology&rft.issn=0022538X&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Avian leukosis virus; Endogenous avian retrovirus; Measles virus; Mumps virus; Quality control; Electron microscopy; Contamination; Vaccines; RNA-directed DNA polymerase ER - TY - JOUR T1 - State laws on tobacco control--United States, 1998. AN - 69919856; 10421217 AB - State laws addressing tobacco use, the leading preventable cause of death in the United States, are summarized. Laws address smoke-free indoor air, minors' access to tobacco products, advertising of tobacco products, and excise taxes on tobacco products. Legislation effective through December 31, 1998. CDC identified laws addressing tobacco control by using an on-line legal research database. CDC's findings were verified with the National Cancer Institute's State Cancer Legislative Database. Since a previous surveillance summary on state tobacco-control laws published in November 1995 (covering legislation effective through June 30, 1995), several states have enacted new restrictions or strengthened existing legislation that addresses smoke-free indoor air, minors' access to tobacco, tobacco advertising, and tobacco taxes. Five states strengthened their smoke-free indoor air legislation. All states and Washington, D.C., continued to prohibit the sale and distribution of tobacco products to minors; however, 21 states expanded minors' access laws by designating enforcement authorities, adding license suspension or revocation for sale to minors, or requiring signage. Since the 1995 report, eight additional states (a total of 19 states and Washington, D.C.) now ban vending machines from areas accessible to minors. Thirteen states restrict advertising of tobacco products, an increase of four states since the 1995 report. Although the number of states that tax cigarettes and smokeless tobacco did not change, 13 states increased excise taxes on cigarettes, and five states increased excise taxes on smokeless tobacco products. The average state excise tax on cigarettes is 38.9 cents per pack, an increase of 7.4 cents compared with the average tax in the 1995 report. State laws addressing tobacco control vary in relation to restrictiveness, enforcement and penalties, preemptions, and exceptions. The data summarizing state tobacco-control laws are available through CDC's State Tobacco Activities Tracking and Evaluation (STATE) System; the laws are collected and updated every quarter. The STATE System also contains state-specific data on the prevalence of tobacco use, tobacco-related deaths, and the costs of tobacco use. Information from the STATE System is available for use by policy makers at the state and local levels to plan and implement initiatives to prevent and reduce tobacco use. In addition, CDC is using this information to assess the ongoing impact of tobacco-control programs and policies on tobacco use. JF - MMWR. CDC surveillance summaries : Morbidity and mortality weekly report. CDC surveillance summaries AU - Fishman, J A AU - Allison, H AU - Knowles, S B AU - Fishburn, B A AU - Woollery, T A AU - Marx, W T AU - Shelton, D M AU - Husten, C G AU - Eriksen, M P AD - Office on Smoking and Health, National Center for Chronic Disease Prevention and Health Promotion, CDC, USA. Y1 - 1999/06/25/ PY - 1999 DA - 1999 Jun 25 SP - 21 EP - 40 VL - 48 IS - 3 KW - Tobacco Smoke Pollution KW - 0 KW - Index Medicus KW - United States KW - State Government KW - Commerce -- legislation & jurisprudence KW - Humans KW - Advertising as Topic -- legislation & jurisprudence KW - Taxes -- legislation & jurisprudence KW - Smoking -- legislation & jurisprudence KW - Tobacco Smoke Pollution -- legislation & jurisprudence KW - Public Health -- legislation & jurisprudence KW - Tobacco Industry -- legislation & jurisprudence UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/69919856?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=MMWR.+CDC+surveillance+summaries+%3A+Morbidity+and+mortality+weekly+report.+CDC+surveillance+summaries&rft.atitle=State+laws+on+tobacco+control--United+States%2C+1998.&rft.au=Fishman%2C+J+A%3BAllison%2C+H%3BKnowles%2C+S+B%3BFishburn%2C+B+A%3BWoollery%2C+T+A%3BMarx%2C+W+T%3BShelton%2C+D+M%3BHusten%2C+C+G%3BEriksen%2C+M+P&rft.aulast=Fishman&rft.aufirst=J&rft.date=1999-06-25&rft.volume=48&rft.issue=3&rft.spage=21&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=MMWR.+CDC+surveillance+summaries+%3A+Morbidity+and+mortality+weekly+report.+CDC+surveillance+summaries&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1999-07-29 N1 - Date created - 1999-07-29 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Surveillance of work-related asthma in selected U.S. states using surveillance guidelines for state health departments--California, Massachusetts, Michigan, and New Jersey, 1993-1995. AN - 69917065; 10421216 AB - Cases of work-related asthma (WRA) are sentinel health events that indicate the need for preventive intervention. WRA includes new-onset asthma caused by workplace exposure to sensitizers or irritants and preexisting asthma exacerbated by workplace exposures. This report reviews cases of WRA identified by state health departments from January 1, 1993, through December 31, 1995, as well as follow-up investigations of cases and associated workplaces conducted through June 30, 1998. DESCRIPTION OF THE SYSTEMS: State-based surveillance and intervention programs for WRA are conducted in California, Massachusetts, Michigan, and New Jersey as part of the Sentinel Event Notification Systems for Occupational Risks (SENSOR) cooperative agreement program, initiated by CDC's National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH). From 1993 through 1995, a total of 1,101 cases of WRA were identified by SENSOR surveillance staff members in California, Massachusetts, Michigan, and New Jersey. Of these 1,101 cases, 19.1% were classified as work-aggravated asthma, and 80.9% were classified as new-onset asthma. Objective evidence substantiating asthma work-relatedness was documented in the medical records of 3.4% of WRA cases identified in the two states (Michigan and New Jersey) where medical records are routinely reviewed for this information. Indoor air pollutants, dusts, cleaning materials, lubricants (e.g., metalworking fluids), and diisocyanates were among the most frequently reported causes of WRA. In addition, a well-recognized cause of occupational asthma - natural rubber latex - was identified in a new setting, the healthcare industry. The most common industries associated with WRA cases included transportation equipment manufacturing (19.3%), health services (14.2%), and educational services (8.7%). Air sampling for agents known to induce occupational asthma was performed in Michigan for comparison with established federal time-weighted average exposure limits. Sixteen (13.4%) of 119 workplaces tested had airborne concentrations exceeding NIOSH recommended exposure limits (RELs); 11 (9.1%) of 121 workplaces had concentrations exceeding permissible exposure limits (PELs) of the Michigan Occupational Safety and Health Act (MIOSHA) program. The surveillance data findings confirm well-recognized causes of asthma and have identified new putative causes (e.g., cleaning materials and metalworking fluids). Because the surveillance program depends on physicians' recognizing asthma work-relatedness and reporting diagnosed cases, the data are considered an underestimate of the magnitude of the WRA problem. The data also indicate that physicians are not commonly performing objective physiologic tests to substantiate a WRA diagnosis. Workplace findings suggest a need to evaluate existing exposure standards for specific agents known to induce occupational asthma (e.g., diisocyanates). Case-based surveillance can help improve the recognition, control, and prevention of WRA. The SENSOR model also provides a mechanism for workers and physicians to request workplace investigations aimed at primary prevention for other workers. NIOSH and state health department representatives are working to establish a long-term agenda for state-based surveillance of work-related conditions and hazards. The results from the SENSOR WRA programs described in this report support inclusion of WRA as a priority condition warranting surveillance at the state level. JF - MMWR. CDC surveillance summaries : Morbidity and mortality weekly report. CDC surveillance summaries AU - Jajosky, R A AU - Harrison, R AU - Reinisch, F AU - Flattery, J AU - Chan, J AU - Tumpowsky, C AU - Davis, L AU - Reilly, M J AU - Rosenman, K D AU - Kalinowski, D AU - Stanbury, M AU - Schill, D P AU - Wood, J AD - National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, CDC, USA. Y1 - 1999/06/25/ PY - 1999 DA - 1999 Jun 25 SP - 1 EP - 20 VL - 48 IS - 3 KW - Index Medicus KW - State Government KW - New Jersey -- epidemiology KW - Humans KW - Public Health Administration KW - Massachusetts -- epidemiology KW - California -- epidemiology KW - Michigan -- epidemiology KW - Occupational Diseases -- diagnosis KW - Asthma -- epidemiology KW - Asthma -- classification KW - Occupational Diseases -- epidemiology KW - Asthma -- diagnosis KW - Occupational Diseases -- classification KW - Population Surveillance UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/69917065?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=MMWR.+CDC+surveillance+summaries+%3A+Morbidity+and+mortality+weekly+report.+CDC+surveillance+summaries&rft.atitle=Surveillance+of+work-related+asthma+in+selected+U.S.+states+using+surveillance+guidelines+for+state+health+departments--California%2C+Massachusetts%2C+Michigan%2C+and+New+Jersey%2C+1993-1995.&rft.au=Jajosky%2C+R+A%3BHarrison%2C+R%3BReinisch%2C+F%3BFlattery%2C+J%3BChan%2C+J%3BTumpowsky%2C+C%3BDavis%2C+L%3BReilly%2C+M+J%3BRosenman%2C+K+D%3BKalinowski%2C+D%3BStanbury%2C+M%3BSchill%2C+D+P%3BWood%2C+J&rft.aulast=Jajosky&rft.aufirst=R&rft.date=1999-06-25&rft.volume=48&rft.issue=3&rft.spage=1&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=MMWR.+CDC+surveillance+summaries+%3A+Morbidity+and+mortality+weekly+report.+CDC+surveillance+summaries&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1999-07-29 N1 - Date created - 1999-07-29 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - SuppNotes - Erratum In: MMWR CDC Surveill Summ 1999 Sep 24;48(37):833 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Renal insufficiency and failure associated with immune globulin intravenous therapy--United States, 1985-1998. AN - 69878317; 10401909 AB - Immune globulin intravenous (IGIV) is a sterile, highly purified immunoglobulin G (IgG) preparation made from pooled human plasma stabilized with glucose, maltose, glycine, sucrose, sorbitol, or albumin and is used as prophylaxis or therapy for various medical disorders. The Food and Drug Administration (FDA) first licensed IGIV in 1981 and has approved its use for six conditions: primary immunodeficiencies, immune-mediated thrombocytopenia, Kawasaki syndrome, recent bone marrow transplantation in patients aged > or =20 years, chronic B-cell lymphocytic leukemia, and pediatric human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) infection. In clinical practice, IGIV has been known to be used to treat 50-60 unapproved conditions, including acute lymphoblastic leukemia, adult HIV infection, multiple sclerosis, Guillain-Barré syndrome, and chronic inflammatory demyelinating polyneuropathy. During June 1985-November 1998, FDA received approximately 120 reports worldwide of renal adverse events (RAEs) (i.e., acute renal failure or insufficiency) following IGIV administration. This report describes the epidemiology of IGIV-associated RAEs in the United States and emphasizes the importance of reviewing indications for IGIV use and implementing precautions during its administration. JF - MMWR. Morbidity and mortality weekly report AU - Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) AD - Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) Y1 - 1999/06/25/ PY - 1999 DA - 1999 Jun 25 SP - 518 EP - 521 VL - 48 IS - 24 SN - 0149-2195, 0149-2195 KW - Immunoglobulins, Intravenous KW - 0 KW - Index Medicus KW - AIDS/HIV KW - Aged, 80 and over KW - Humans KW - Adult KW - Aged KW - Middle Aged KW - Child KW - Adolescent KW - United States -- epidemiology KW - Male KW - Female KW - Child, Preschool KW - Renal Insufficiency -- chemically induced KW - Renal Insufficiency -- epidemiology KW - Immunoglobulins, Intravenous -- adverse effects UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/69878317?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=MMWR.+Morbidity+and+mortality+weekly+report&rft.atitle=Renal+insufficiency+and+failure+associated+with+immune+globulin+intravenous+therapy--United+States%2C+1985-1998.&rft.au=Centers+for+Disease+Control+and+Prevention+%28CDC%29&rft.aulast=Centers+for+Disease+Control+and+Prevention+%28CDC%29&rft.aufirst=&rft.date=1999-06-25&rft.volume=48&rft.issue=24&rft.spage=518&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=MMWR.+Morbidity+and+mortality+weekly+report&rft.issn=01492195&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1999-07-13 N1 - Date created - 1999-07-13 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Trichinellosis outbreaks--Northrhine-Westfalia, Germany, 1998-1999. AN - 69931198; 10428090 AB - From November 1998 through January 1999, 52 cases of trichinellosis were identified by the public health surveillance systems in 11 cities and districts of the state of Northrhine-Westfalia (NRW), Germany. In comparison, zero to 10 cases were reported annually in Germany during 1987-1997. This report summarizes the investigation of these cases, which indicated the existence of two simultaneous outbreaks-one caused by contaminated ground meat and the other by a commercially prepared raw smoked sausage. JF - MMWR. Morbidity and mortality weekly report AU - Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) AD - Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) Y1 - 1999/06/18/ PY - 1999 DA - 1999 Jun 18 SP - 488 EP - 492 VL - 48 IS - 23 SN - 0149-2195, 0149-2195 KW - Index Medicus KW - Meat -- parasitology KW - Humans KW - Germany -- epidemiology KW - Food Handling KW - Food Contamination KW - Case-Control Studies KW - Disease Outbreaks KW - Trichinellosis -- epidemiology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/69931198?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=MMWR.+Morbidity+and+mortality+weekly+report&rft.atitle=Trichinellosis+outbreaks--Northrhine-Westfalia%2C+Germany%2C+1998-1999.&rft.au=Centers+for+Disease+Control+and+Prevention+%28CDC%29&rft.aulast=Centers+for+Disease+Control+and+Prevention+%28CDC%29&rft.aufirst=&rft.date=1999-06-18&rft.volume=48&rft.issue=23&rft.spage=488&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=MMWR.+Morbidity+and+mortality+weekly+report&rft.issn=01492195&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1999-08-03 N1 - Date created - 1999-08-03 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Effects of hard metal on nitric oxide pathways and airway reactivity to methacholine in rat lungs. AN - 69835400; 10373402 AB - To examine whether the development of hard metal (HM)-induced occupational asthma and interstitial lung disease involves alterations in nitric oxide (NO) pathways, we examined the effects of an industrial HM mixture on NO production, interactions between HM and lipopolysaccharide (LPS) on NO pathways, and alterations in airway reactivity to methacholine in rat lungs. HM (2.5 to 5 mg/100 g intratracheal) increased NO synthase (NOS; EC 1.14.23) activity of rat lungs at 24 h without increasing inducible NOS (iNOS) or endothelial NOS (eNOS) mRNA abundance or iNOS, eNOS, or brain NOS (bNOS) proteins. The increase in NOS activity correlated with the appearance histologically of nitrotyrosine immunofluorescence in polymorphonuclear leukocytes (PMN) and macrophages. Intraperitoneal injection of LPS (1 mg/kg) caused up-regulation of iNOS activity, mRNA, and protein at 8 h but not at 24 h. HM at 2.5 mg/100 g, but not at 5 mg/100 g, potentiated the LPS-induced increase in NOS activity, iNOS mRNA, and protein. However, HM decreased eNOS activity at 8 h and eNOS protein at 24 h. Whole body plethysmography on conscious animals revealed that HM caused basal airway obstruction and a marked hyporeactivity to inhaled methacholine by 6-8 h, which intensified over 30-32 h. HM-treatment caused protein leakage into the alveolar space, and edema, fibrin formation, and an increase in the number of inflammatory cells in the lungs and in the bronchoalveolar lavage. These results suggest that a HM-induced increase in NO production by pulmonary inflammatory cells is associated with pulmonary airflow abnormalities in rat lungs. JF - Toxicology and applied pharmacology AU - Rengasamy, A AU - Kommineni, C AU - Jones, J A AU - Fedan, J S AD - Health Effects Laboratory Division, National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, Morgantown, West Virginia, USA. gammada5@cdc.gov Y1 - 1999/06/15/ PY - 1999 DA - 1999 Jun 15 SP - 178 EP - 191 VL - 157 IS - 3 SN - 0041-008X, 0041-008X KW - Air Pollutants KW - 0 KW - Bronchoconstrictor Agents KW - Metals KW - RNA, Messenger KW - Suspensions KW - Chromium KW - 0R0008Q3JB KW - Methacholine Chloride KW - 0W5ETF9M2K KW - Nitric Oxide KW - 31C4KY9ESH KW - 3-nitrotyrosine KW - 3604-79-3 KW - Cobalt KW - 3G0H8C9362 KW - Tyrosine KW - 42HK56048U KW - Iron KW - E1UOL152H7 KW - Nitric Oxide Synthase KW - EC 1.14.13.39 KW - Tungsten KW - V9306CXO6G KW - Index Medicus KW - Respiratory Function Tests KW - Animals KW - Cell Count KW - Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction KW - Chromium -- toxicity KW - RNA, Messenger -- biosynthesis KW - Nitric Oxide Synthase -- biosynthesis KW - Rats KW - Cobalt -- toxicity KW - Rats, Sprague-Dawley KW - Blotting, Western KW - Bronchoalveolar Lavage Fluid -- chemistry KW - Plethysmography, Whole Body KW - Tungsten -- toxicity KW - Tyrosine -- metabolism KW - Tyrosine -- analogs & derivatives KW - Iron -- toxicity KW - Nitric Oxide Synthase -- metabolism KW - Bronchoalveolar Lavage Fluid -- cytology KW - Male KW - Methacholine Chloride -- administration & dosage KW - Lung -- drug effects KW - Bronchoconstrictor Agents -- administration & dosage KW - Nitric Oxide -- metabolism KW - Lung -- pathology KW - Lung -- metabolism KW - Lung -- physiopathology KW - Air Pollutants -- toxicity KW - Metals -- toxicity UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/69835400?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Toxicology+and+applied+pharmacology&rft.atitle=Effects+of+hard+metal+on+nitric+oxide+pathways+and+airway+reactivity+to+methacholine+in+rat+lungs.&rft.au=Rengasamy%2C+A%3BKommineni%2C+C%3BJones%2C+J+A%3BFedan%2C+J+S&rft.aulast=Rengasamy&rft.aufirst=A&rft.date=1999-06-15&rft.volume=157&rft.issue=3&rft.spage=178&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Toxicology+and+applied+pharmacology&rft.issn=0041008X&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1999-07-12 N1 - Date created - 1999-07-12 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Improvements in workplace safety--United States, 1900-1999. AN - 69928916; 10428100 AB - At the beginning of this century, workers in the United States faced remarkably high health and safety risks on the job. Through efforts by individual workers, unions, employers, government agencies, scientists such as Dr. Alice Hamilton, and others, considerable progress has been made in improving these conditions. Despite these successes, much work remains, with the goal for all workers being a productive and safe working life and a retirement free from long-term consequences of occupational disease and injury. Using the limited data available, this report documents large declines in fatal occupational injuries during the 1900s, highlights the mining industry as an example of improvements in worker safety, and discusses new challenges in occupational safety and health. JF - MMWR. Morbidity and mortality weekly report AU - Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) AD - Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) Y1 - 1999/06/11/ PY - 1999 DA - 1999 Jun 11 SP - 461 EP - 469 VL - 48 IS - 22 SN - 0149-2195, 0149-2195 KW - Index Medicus KW - History of medicine KW - History, 20th Century KW - Humans KW - United States -- epidemiology KW - Workplace -- history KW - Mining -- statistics & numerical data KW - Occupational Health -- history KW - Safety KW - Accidents, Occupational -- mortality KW - Mining -- history UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/69928916?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=MMWR.+Morbidity+and+mortality+weekly+report&rft.atitle=Improvements+in+workplace+safety--United+States%2C+1900-1999.&rft.au=Centers+for+Disease+Control+and+Prevention+%28CDC%29&rft.aulast=Centers+for+Disease+Control+and+Prevention+%28CDC%29&rft.aufirst=&rft.date=1999-06-11&rft.volume=48&rft.issue=22&rft.spage=461&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=MMWR.+Morbidity+and+mortality+weekly+report&rft.issn=01492195&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1999-08-04 N1 - Date created - 1999-08-04 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Illnesses associated with occupational use of flea-control products--California, Texas, and Washington, 1989-1997. AN - 69828838; 10372502 AB - Dips, shampoos, and other insecticide-containing flea-control products can produce systemic illnesses or localized symptoms in the persons applying them. Although these products may pose a risk to consumers, they are particularly hazardous to pet groomers and handlers who use them regularly. Illnesses associated with flea-control products were reported to the California Department of Pesticide Regulation, the Texas Department of Health, and the Washington State Department of Health, each of which maintains a surveillance system for identifying, investigating, and preventing pesticide-related illnesses and injuries. This report describes cases of occupational illnesses associated with flea-control products, summarizes surveillance data, and provides recommendations for handling these products safely. JF - MMWR. Morbidity and mortality weekly report AU - Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) AD - Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) Y1 - 1999/06/04/ PY - 1999 DA - 1999 Jun 04 SP - 443 EP - 447 VL - 48 IS - 21 SN - 0149-2195, 0149-2195 KW - Insecticides KW - 0 KW - Index Medicus KW - Animals, Domestic KW - Animals KW - Texas -- epidemiology KW - Humans KW - Poisoning -- epidemiology KW - Aged KW - Washington -- epidemiology KW - Siphonaptera KW - Adult KW - Middle Aged KW - Adolescent KW - California -- epidemiology KW - Female KW - Male KW - Insecticides -- poisoning KW - Occupational Diseases -- epidemiology KW - Animal Technicians UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/69828838?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=MMWR.+Morbidity+and+mortality+weekly+report&rft.atitle=Illnesses+associated+with+occupational+use+of+flea-control+products--California%2C+Texas%2C+and+Washington%2C+1989-1997.&rft.au=Centers+for+Disease+Control+and+Prevention+%28CDC%29&rft.aulast=Centers+for+Disease+Control+and+Prevention+%28CDC%29&rft.aufirst=&rft.date=1999-06-04&rft.volume=48&rft.issue=21&rft.spage=443&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=MMWR.+Morbidity+and+mortality+weekly+report&rft.issn=01492195&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1999-06-17 N1 - Date created - 1999-06-17 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Foodborne botulism associated with home-canned bamboo shoots--Thailand, 1998. AN - 69826190; 10372500 AB - On April 13, 1998, the Field Epidemiology Training Program in the Thailand Ministry of Public Health (TMPH) was informed of six persons with sudden onset of cranial nerve palsies suggestive of botulism who were admitted to a provincial hospital in northern Thailand. To determine the cause of the cluster, TMPH initiated an investigation on April 14. This report summarizes the results of the investigation, which indicate that the outbreak was caused by foodborne botulism from home-canned bamboo shoots. JF - MMWR. Morbidity and mortality weekly report AU - Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) AD - Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) Y1 - 1999/06/04/ PY - 1999 DA - 1999 Jun 04 SP - 437 EP - 439 VL - 48 IS - 21 SN - 0149-2195, 0149-2195 KW - Index Medicus KW - Fatal Outcome KW - Plants, Edible KW - Humans KW - Adult KW - Food Handling KW - Aged KW - Thailand -- epidemiology KW - Middle Aged KW - Disease Outbreaks KW - Male KW - Female KW - Botulism -- diagnosis KW - Botulism -- etiology KW - Botulism -- epidemiology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/69826190?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=MMWR.+Morbidity+and+mortality+weekly+report&rft.atitle=Foodborne+botulism+associated+with+home-canned+bamboo+shoots--Thailand%2C+1998.&rft.au=Centers+for+Disease+Control+and+Prevention+%28CDC%29&rft.aulast=Centers+for+Disease+Control+and+Prevention+%28CDC%29&rft.aufirst=&rft.date=1999-06-04&rft.volume=48&rft.issue=21&rft.spage=437&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=MMWR.+Morbidity+and+mortality+weekly+report&rft.issn=01492195&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1999-06-17 N1 - Date created - 1999-06-17 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Prevalence of sexual and drug-related HIV risk behaviors in the U.S. adult population: results of the 1996 National Household Survey on Drug Abuse. AN - 69812085; 10360807 AB - Data on the prevalence of HIV risk behavior that are representative of the general population are needed to help evaluate the effectiveness of prevention programs. To use data from a large national interview survey to make estimates of the prevalence of sexual and drug-related HIV risk behaviors in the adult population of the United States. Nationally representative cross-sectional survey with in-person interviews collecting information on drug use and sexual behavior. 12,381 U.S. adults aged between 18 and 59 who were respondents to the 1996 National Household Survey on Drug Abuse, as part of sample of the noninstitutionalized population. Interviews took place in respondents homes using face-to-face interviewer-administered and self-administered questionnaires. In total, 2.8% of respondents were classified as having increased risk for HIV through sexual behavior; this represents 3.9 million persons. 1.7% reported some degree of risk through drug-related behaviors, representing 1.2 million persons. 3.5% of adults (5 million persons) were found to have some degree of HIV risk from sexual or drug-related behavior. Persons who were at risk through drug behavior were much more likely than others to be at risk through sexual behavior. Condom use was not related to HIV risk, although having a recent HIV test was found to be. Among those who reported some behaviors that placed them at increased risk for HIV infection, only 22% used a condom the last time they had sex with a regular partner. The high rate of sexual risk behavior on the part of drug users suggests increasing condom use for this group should be a priority goal for programs, especially condom use with main partners. Survey work needs to be continued and improved to make it possible to assess the impact of successful local prevention efforts on national rates of HIV risk behavior. JF - Journal of acquired immune deficiency syndromes (1999) AU - Anderson, J E AU - Wilson, R W AU - Barker, P AU - Doll, L AU - Jones, T S AU - Holtgrave, D AD - Division of HIV/AIDS Prevention-Intervention, Research and Support, National Center for HIV, Sexually Transmitted Diseases and Tuberculosis Prevention, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia 30333, USA. jea1@cdc.gov Y1 - 1999/06/01/ PY - 1999 DA - 1999 Jun 01 SP - 148 EP - 156 VL - 21 IS - 2 SN - 1525-4135, 1525-4135 KW - Index Medicus KW - AIDS/HIV KW - Homosexuality, Male KW - Humans KW - Sexual Partners KW - Condoms KW - Cross-Sectional Studies KW - Education KW - Ethnic Groups KW - Risk Factors KW - Adult KW - Sex Work KW - Data Collection KW - Middle Aged KW - Adolescent KW - Urban Population KW - United States -- epidemiology KW - Female KW - Male KW - Sexual Behavior KW - Risk-Taking KW - HIV Infections -- transmission KW - HIV Infections -- prevention & control KW - Substance Abuse, Intravenous UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/69812085?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+acquired+immune+deficiency+syndromes+%281999%29&rft.atitle=Prevalence+of+sexual+and+drug-related+HIV+risk+behaviors+in+the+U.S.+adult+population%3A+results+of+the+1996+National+Household+Survey+on+Drug+Abuse.&rft.au=Anderson%2C+J+E%3BWilson%2C+R+W%3BBarker%2C+P%3BDoll%2C+L%3BJones%2C+T+S%3BHoltgrave%2C+D&rft.aulast=Anderson&rft.aufirst=J&rft.date=1999-06-01&rft.volume=21&rft.issue=2&rft.spage=148&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+acquired+immune+deficiency+syndromes+%281999%29&rft.issn=15254135&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1999-06-16 N1 - Date created - 1999-06-16 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - An outbreak of salmonellosis linked to a marine turtle. AN - 69470692; 10774704 AB - In September 1998, an outbreak of gastroenteritis occurred in a coastal Aboriginal community in the Northern Territory over a seven day period. An investigation was conducted by the Center for Disease Control, Territory Health Services. Thirty-six cases were detected and 17% (n=6) were hospitalized. Salmonella chester was isolated from eight of nine stool specimens. Sixty-two percent of cases interviewed (n=28) reported consumption of a green turtle (Chelonia mydas) within a median of 24 hours prior to onset of illness. Of the remainder, all but two were contacts of other cases. Salmonella chester was isolated from a section of partially cooked turtle meat. There are no previous published reports of salmonellosis associated with consumption of sea turtles despite them being a popular food source in coastal communities in the Pacific. JF - The Southeast Asian journal of tropical medicine and public health AU - O'Grady, K A AU - Krause, V AD - Center for Disease Control, Territory Health Services, Darwin, Australia. Y1 - 1999/06// PY - 1999 DA - June 1999 SP - 324 EP - 327 VL - 30 IS - 2 SN - 0125-1562, 0125-1562 KW - Index Medicus KW - Animals KW - Humans KW - Adult KW - Child KW - Adolescent KW - Northern Territory -- epidemiology KW - Male KW - Female KW - Salmonella Food Poisoning -- etiology KW - Turtles -- microbiology KW - Salmonella Food Poisoning -- epidemiology KW - Disease Outbreaks KW - Water Microbiology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/69470692?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Southeast+Asian+journal+of+tropical+medicine+and+public+health&rft.atitle=An+outbreak+of+salmonellosis+linked+to+a+marine+turtle.&rft.au=O%27Grady%2C+K+A%3BKrause%2C+V&rft.aulast=O%27Grady&rft.aufirst=K&rft.date=1999-06-01&rft.volume=30&rft.issue=2&rft.spage=324&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=The+Southeast+Asian+journal+of+tropical+medicine+and+public+health&rft.issn=01251562&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 2000-05-24 N1 - Date created - 2000-05-24 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Preventing commercial fishing deaths in Alaska AN - 18163880; 4680607 AB - Objectives - To evaluate the effectiveness of the United States Commercial Fishing Industry Vessel Safety Act of 1988 in reducing the high occupational death rate (200/100 000/year in 1991-2) among Alaska's commercial fishermen. Methods - Comprehensive surveillance of deaths in commercial fishing was established by our office during 1991 and 1992 for Alaska. Demographic data and data on risk factors and incidents were compiled and analysed for trend. Results - During 1991-8, there was a significant (p<0.001) decrease in deaths in Alaska related to commercial fishing. Although drownings from fishermen falling overboard and events related to crab fishing vessels (often conducted far offshore and in winter) have continued to occur, marked progress (significant downward trend, p<0.001) has been made in saving the lives of people involved in vessels capsising and sinking. Conclusions - Specific measures tailored to prevent drowning associated with vessels capsising and sinking in Alaska's commercial fishing industry have been successful. However, these events continue to occur, and place fishermen and rescue personnel at substantial risk. Additional strategies must be identified to reduce the frequency of vessels capsising and sinking, to enable parallel improvements in the mortality among crab fishermen, and to prevent fishermen falling overboard and drownings associated with them. JF - Occupational and Environmental Medicine AU - Lincoln, J M AU - Conway, G A AD - 4230 University Dr, 310, Anchorage, AK 99508, USA, jxw7@cdc.gov Y1 - 1999/06// PY - 1999 DA - Jun 1999 SP - 691 EP - 695 VL - 56 IS - 10 SN - 1351-0711, 1351-0711 KW - USA, Alaska KW - ASFA 1: Biological Sciences & Living Resources; Health & Safety Science Abstracts KW - Marine KW - Commercial fishing KW - Mortality KW - Safety regulations KW - Occupational safety KW - Fishermen KW - Fisheries KW - Health and safety KW - Legislation KW - Risks KW - Q1 08565:Policy, legislation and sociology KW - H 1000:Occupational Safety and Health UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/18163880?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Ahealthsafetyabstracts&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Occupational+and+Environmental+Medicine&rft.atitle=Preventing+commercial+fishing+deaths+in+Alaska&rft.au=Lincoln%2C+J+M%3BConway%2C+G+A&rft.aulast=Lincoln&rft.aufirst=J&rft.date=1999-06-01&rft.volume=56&rft.issue=10&rft.spage=691&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Occupational+and+Environmental+Medicine&rft.issn=13510711&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Last updated - 2014-05-06 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Mortality; Safety regulations; Fisheries; Fishermen; Health and safety; Risks; Commercial fishing; Occupational safety; Legislation; Marine ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Skin Cancer Prevention: The Problem, Responses, and Lessons Learned AN - 17453124; 4662398 AB - Skin cancer is one of the most common forms of cancer and has rapidly increased during the past three decades in the United States. More than 1 million new cases of skin cancer are estimated to be diagnosed in the United States each year. The National Skin Cancer Prevention Education Program (NSCPEP) was launched by the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) in 1994 as a national effort to address the Healthy People 2000 objectives for skin cancer prevention. The NSCPEP is a comprehensive, multidimensional public health approach that includes (1) primary prevention interventions; (2) coalition and partnership development; (3) health communications and education; and (4) surveillance, research, and evaluation. In 1994, through support from the CDC, state health departments in Arizona, California, Georgia, Hawaii, and Massachusetts initiated primary prevention intervention projects to conduct and evaluate skin cancer prevention education. This article discusses the comprehensive, multidimensional public health approach highlighting examples from the state demonstration projects. JF - Health Education and Behavior AU - Graffunder, C M AU - Wyatt, S W AU - Bewerse, B AU - Hall, I AU - Reilley, B AU - Lee-Pethel, R AD - 4770 Buford Hwy NE., Mailstop K-57, Chamblee, GA 30341, USA, COM5@CDC.GOV Y1 - 1999/06// PY - 1999 DA - Jun 1999 SP - 308 EP - 316 VL - 26 IS - 3 SN - 1090-1981, 1090-1981 KW - USA KW - Health & Safety Science Abstracts KW - Education KW - Skin KW - Government programs KW - Cancer KW - Public health KW - H 11000:Diseases/Injuries/Trauma UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/17453124?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Ahealthsafetyabstracts&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Health+Education+and+Behavior&rft.atitle=Skin+Cancer+Prevention%3A+The+Problem%2C+Responses%2C+and+Lessons+Learned&rft.au=Graffunder%2C+C+M%3BWyatt%2C+S+W%3BBewerse%2C+B%3BHall%2C+I%3BReilley%2C+B%3BLee-Pethel%2C+R&rft.aulast=Graffunder&rft.aufirst=C&rft.date=1999-06-01&rft.volume=26&rft.issue=3&rft.spage=308&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Health+Education+and+Behavior&rft.issn=10901981&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Skin; Cancer; Education; Public health; Government programs ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Fungal Spores: Hazardous to Health? AN - 17376494; 4590334 AB - Fungi have long been known to affect human well being in various ways, including disease of essential crop plants, decay of stored foods with possible concomitant production of mycotoxins, superficial and systemic infection of human tissues, and disease associated with immune stimulation such as hypersensitivity pneumonitis and toxic pneumonitis. The spores of a large number of important fungi are less than 5 mu m aerodynamic diameter, and therefore are able to enter the lungs. They also may contain significant amounts of mycotoxins. Diseases associated with inhalation of fungal spores include toxic pneumonitis, hypersensitivity pneumonitis, tremors, chronic fatigue syndrome, kidney failure, and cancer. JF - Environmental Health Perspectives AU - Sorenson, W G AD - Immunology Section, NIOSH, 1095 Willowdale Road, MS 215, Morgantown, WVA 26505, USA, wgs1@cdc.gov Y1 - 1999/06// PY - 1999 DA - Jun 1999 SP - 469 EP - 472 VL - 107 SN - 0091-6765, 0091-6765 KW - Health & Safety Science Abstracts; Microbiology Abstracts C: Algology, Mycology & Protozoology KW - Risk assessment KW - Inhalation KW - Fungi KW - Mycotoxins KW - Hypersensitivity KW - Pneumonitis KW - Spores KW - K 03087:Fungi: human KW - H 12000:Epidemiology and Public Health UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/17376494?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Ahealthsafetyabstracts&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Environmental+Health+Perspectives&rft.atitle=Fungal+Spores%3A+Hazardous+to+Health%3F&rft.au=Sorenson%2C+W+G&rft.aulast=Sorenson&rft.aufirst=W&rft.date=1999-06-01&rft.volume=107&rft.issue=&rft.spage=469&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Environmental+Health+Perspectives&rft.issn=00916765&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Fungi; Inhalation; Risk assessment; Pneumonitis; Hypersensitivity; Spores; Mycotoxins ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Ozone-induced respiratory illness during the repair of a portland cement kiln AN - 17319438; 4586377 AB - Workers at a portland cement plant had experienced acute respiratory and eye irritation when performing maintenance inside a kiln. These episodes were associated with a bleach-like odor, which was only reported during maintenance operations. An industrial hygiene investigation was conducted to determine the cause of the illness. While workers replaced refractory brick inside the kiln, air samples were collected for chlorine, sulfur dioxide, inorganic acid, ozone, and dust. After the rebricking was completed and all the workers had exited the kiln, its electrostatic precipitator was reduced to half power and the induced-draft (ID) fan was turned off to recreate conditions present during illness episodes. Chlorine, inorganic acid, and ozone were not detected, and only trace concentrations of sulfur dioxide were detected while workers were inside the kiln. However, when conditions present during previous episodes were recreated, the bleach-like odor was soon evident. Chlorine was not detected, but 0.09 to 0.11 ppm of ozone was measured at the discharge end of the kiln, and 4.5 ppm was measured at the inlet end. Within a half hour after the electrostatic precipitator was turned off and the ID fan was turned on, the ozone concentrations decreased to background levels of 0.02--0.03 ppm. Somewhat lower ozone exposures may have occurred during previous kiln maintenance operations due to more open access portals, but previous episodes of eye and respiratory irritation were probably caused when ozone, generated by the electrostatic precipitator, back-drafted into the kiln after the ID fan was turned off. JF - Scandinavian Journal of Work, Environment & Health AU - Sanderson, W T AU - Almaguer, D AU - Kirk, LH III AD - Division of Surveillance, Hazard Evaluations, and Field Studies, National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, 4676 Columbia Parkway, Cincinnati, OH 45226, USA, wts1@cdc.gov Y1 - 1999/06// PY - 1999 DA - Jun 1999 SP - 227 EP - 232 VL - 25 IS - 3 SN - 0355-3140, 0355-3140 KW - cement industry KW - kilns KW - Health & Safety Science Abstracts KW - Industrial plants KW - Electrostatic precipitators KW - Odors KW - Maintenance KW - Hazardous materials KW - Occupational exposure KW - H 1000:Occupational Safety and Health UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/17319438?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Ahealthsafetyabstracts&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Scandinavian+Journal+of+Work%2C+Environment+%26+Health&rft.atitle=Ozone-induced+respiratory+illness+during+the+repair+of+a+portland+cement+kiln&rft.au=Sanderson%2C+W+T%3BAlmaguer%2C+D%3BKirk%2C+LH+III&rft.aulast=Sanderson&rft.aufirst=W&rft.date=1999-06-01&rft.volume=25&rft.issue=3&rft.spage=227&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Scandinavian+Journal+of+Work%2C+Environment+%26+Health&rft.issn=03553140&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Odors; Occupational exposure; Hazardous materials; Industrial plants; Maintenance; Electrostatic precipitators ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Effect of multiple freeze-thaw cycles on hepatitis B virus DNA and hepatitis C virus RNA quantification as measured with branched-DNA technology AN - 17297976; 4559103 AB - Quantification of hepatitis B virus (HBV) DNA and hepatitis C virus (HCV) RNA often is performed in specimens that have been frozen and thawed more than once. To ensure optimal therapeutic and prognostic value, it is important to establish whether viral load measurements are affected by repeated freeze-thaw (FT) cycles. We therefore evaluated the effect of multiple FT cycles on HBV DNA and HCV RNA quantification by testing serum specimens subjected to one (baseline), two, four, and eight FT cycles with the appropriate Chiron Quantiplex assay. Linear regression analysis showed minor increases of 1.7% per FT cycle for both HBV DNA and HCV RNA. The rise in HCV RNA levels was more pronounced among low-concentration samples, since further analysis revealed an increase of 3.2% per FT cycle among samples with 0.2 to 3.86 Meq of HCV RNA per ml. Given that the coefficient of variation for the Quantiplex assays is generally 10 to 15%, the minor increases in HBV DNA and HCV RNA levels with progressive FT cycles for the specimens tested were recognized only because analysis of variance revealed a statistically significant trend (P < 0.05). Due to the minor statistical trend, the clinical impact for individual patient specimens is likely to be limited, but it may deserve further study. In conclusion, the concentration of HBV DNA and HCV RNA in serum specimens subjected to up to eight short-term FT cycles was stable. JF - Journal of Clinical Microbiology AU - Krajden, M AU - Minor, J M AU - Rifkin, O AU - Comanor, L AD - BC Center for Disease Control, 655 W. 12th Ave., Vancouver, BC VSZ 4R4, Canada, mel.krajden@bccdc.hnet.bc.ca Y1 - 1999/06// PY - 1999 DA - Jun 1999 SP - 1683 EP - 1686 VL - 37 IS - 6 SN - 0095-1137, 0095-1137 KW - Hepatitis B virus KW - Biotechnology and Bioengineering Abstracts; Virology & AIDS Abstracts; Medical and Pharmaceutical Biotechnology Abstracts KW - RNA KW - DNA KW - Freeze-thawing KW - W3 33225:Cryopreservation KW - W 30965:Miscellaneous, Reviews KW - V 22031:Viral nucleic acids UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/17297976?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Abiotechresearch&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Clinical+Microbiology&rft.atitle=Effect+of+multiple+freeze-thaw+cycles+on+hepatitis+B+virus+DNA+and+hepatitis+C+virus+RNA+quantification+as+measured+with+branched-DNA+technology&rft.au=Krajden%2C+M%3BMinor%2C+J+M%3BRifkin%2C+O%3BComanor%2C+L&rft.aulast=Krajden&rft.aufirst=M&rft.date=1999-06-01&rft.volume=37&rft.issue=6&rft.spage=1683&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+Clinical+Microbiology&rft.issn=00951137&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Hepatitis B virus; Freeze-thawing; RNA; DNA ER - TY - JOUR T1 - PCR detection of Yersinia pestis in fleas: Comparison with mouse inoculation AN - 17296601; 4559096 AB - The "gold standard" for identifying Yersinia pestis-infected fleas has been inoculation of mice with pooled flea material. Inoculated mice are monitored for 21 days, and those that die are further analyzed for Y. pestis infection by fluorescent-antibody assay and/or culture. PCR may provide a more rapid and sensitive alternative for identifying Y. pestis in fleas. To compare these assays, samples were prepared from 381 field-collected fleas. Each flea was analyzed individually by both PCR and mouse inoculation. Sixty of the 381 flea samples were positive for Y. pestis by PCR; 48 of these PCR-positive samples caused death in mice (80.0% agreement). None of the 321 PCR-negative samples caused death. Among the 12 mice that survived inoculation with PCR-positive samples, 10 were later demonstrated by serology or culture to have been infected with Y. pestis. This suggests that death of inoculated mice is less reliable than PCR as an indicator of the presence of Y. pestis in flea samples. Mouse inoculation assays produce results that are comparable to PCR only when surviving as well as dead mice are analyzed for infection. The rapidity and sensitivity (10 to 100 CFU of Y. pestis) of PCR suggest that it could serve as a useful alternative to mouse inoculation for routine plague surveillance and outbreak investigations. JF - Journal of Clinical Microbiology AU - Engelthaler, D M AU - Gage, K L AU - Montenieri, JA AU - Chu, M AU - Carter, L G AD - DVBID/CDC, PHS, U.S. Dept. of Health & Human Services, P. O. Box 2087, Fort Collins, CO 80522, USA, ulg0@cdc.gov Y1 - 1999/06// PY - 1999 DA - Jun 1999 SP - 1980 EP - 1984 VL - 37 IS - 6 SN - 0095-1137, 0095-1137 KW - Siphonaptera KW - infection KW - mice KW - Entomology Abstracts; Microbiology Abstracts B: Bacteriology KW - Infection KW - Polymerase chain reaction KW - Vectors KW - Yersinia pestis KW - Methodology KW - Pest status KW - Plague KW - J 02870:Invertebrate bacteriology KW - J 02704:Enumeration KW - Z 05156:Techniques UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/17296601?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologyb&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Clinical+Microbiology&rft.atitle=PCR+detection+of+Yersinia+pestis+in+fleas%3A+Comparison+with+mouse+inoculation&rft.au=Engelthaler%2C+D+M%3BGage%2C+K+L%3BMontenieri%2C+JA%3BChu%2C+M%3BCarter%2C+L+G&rft.aulast=Engelthaler&rft.aufirst=D&rft.date=1999-06-01&rft.volume=37&rft.issue=6&rft.spage=1980&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+Clinical+Microbiology&rft.issn=00951137&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Siphonaptera; Yersinia pestis; Plague; Infection; Polymerase chain reaction; Pest status; Vectors; Methodology ER - TY - JOUR T1 - In vitro antifungal activity of nikkomycin Z in combination with fluconazole or itraconazole AN - 17258109; 4559027 AB - Nikkomycins are nucleoside-peptide antibiotics produced by Streptomyces species with antifungal activities through the inhibition of chitin synthesis. We investigated the antifungal activities of nikkomycin Z alone and in combination with fluconazole and itraconazole. Checkerboard synergy studies were carried out by a macrobroth dilution procedure with RPMI 1640 medium at pH 6.0. At least 10 strains of the following fungi were tested: Candida albicans, other Candida spp., Cryptococcus neoformans, Coccidioides immitis, Aspergillus spp., and dematiacious fungi (including Exophiala jeanselmei, Exophiala spinifera, Bipolaris spicifera, Wangiella dermatitidis, Ochroconis humicola, Phaeoannellomyces werneckii, and Cladophialophora bantiana), and 2 strains each of Fusarium, Scedosporium, Paecilomyces, Penicillium, and Trichoderma spp. A total of 110 isolates were examined. Inocula of fungal elements were standardized by hemacytometer counting or spectrophotometrically. MICs and minimum lethal concentrations (MLCs) were determined visually by comparison of growth in drug-treated tubes with growth in drug-free control tubes. Additive and synergistic interactions between nikkomycin and either fluconazole or itraconazole were observed against C. albicans, Candida parapsilosis, Cryptococcus neoformans, and Coccidioides immitis. Marked synergism was also observed between nikkomycin and itraconazole against Aspergillus fumigatus and Aspergillus flavus. No antagonistic interaction between the drugs was observed with any of the strains tested. JF - Antimicrobial Agents & Chemotherapy AU - Li, R K AU - Rinaldi, M G AD - Mycotic Diseases Branch, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, 1600 Clifton Rd. NE, MS G-11, Atlanta, GA 30333, USA, rhl9@cdc.gov Y1 - 1999/06// PY - 1999 DA - Jun 1999 SP - 1401 EP - 1405 VL - 43 IS - 6 SN - 0066-4804, 0066-4804 KW - fluconazole KW - itraconazole KW - nikkomycin Z KW - nikkomycins KW - Microbiology Abstracts A: Industrial & Applied Microbiology; Microbiology Abstracts C: Algology, Mycology & Protozoology KW - Antifungal agents KW - Candida KW - Coccidioides immitis KW - Cryptococcus KW - Aspergillus KW - A 01067:Antifungal & fungicidal KW - K 03063:Effects of physical & chemical factors UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/17258109?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologya&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Antimicrobial+Agents+%26+Chemotherapy&rft.atitle=In+vitro+antifungal+activity+of+nikkomycin+Z+in+combination+with+fluconazole+or+itraconazole&rft.au=Li%2C+R+K%3BRinaldi%2C+M+G&rft.aulast=Li&rft.aufirst=R&rft.date=1999-06-01&rft.volume=43&rft.issue=6&rft.spage=1401&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Antimicrobial+Agents+%26+Chemotherapy&rft.issn=00664804&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Aspergillus; Candida; Coccidioides immitis; Cryptococcus; Antifungal agents ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Cr(IV) causes activation of nuclear transcription factor-kappa B, DNA strand breaks and dG hydroxylation via free radical reactions. AN - 69885624; 10402675 AB - Electrophoretic mobility shift, DNA strand breakage assays and electron spin resonance (ESR) spin trapping were used to investigate the activation of nuclear transcription factor (NF)-kappa B, DNA strand breakage and 2'-deoxyguanosine hydroxylation induced by Cr(IV), as well the role of free radical reactions in these processes. Incubation of synthesized Cr(IV)-glutathione complex with cultured Jurkat cells resulted in activation of DNA binding activity of NF-kappa B. Cr(VI) is also able to induce NF-kappa B activation through Cr(V) and Cr(IV) intermediates generated during the reduction of Cr(VI) by the cells. Cr(III) did not cause observable NF-kappa B activation due to its inability to cross cell membranes. Cr(IV)-induced NF-kappa B activation is dose-dependent. Catalase inhibited the activation while superoxide dismutase enhanced it. The metal chelator, deferoxamine, and hydroxyl (.OH) radical scavengers, sodium formate and aspirin, also inhibited the NF-kappa B activation. Electrophoretic assays using lambda Hind III linear DNA showed that, in the presence of H2O2, Cr(IV) is capable of causing DNA strand breaks. Deferoxamine, sodium formate and aspirin inhibited the DNA strand breaks. HPLC measurements also show that .OH radical generated by the Cr(IV)-mediated reaction with H2O2 was capable of causing 2'-deoxyguanosine (dG) hydroxylation to generate 8-hydroxyguanosine (8-OHdG). The relative magnitude of 8-OHdG formation correlated with the generation of .OH radicals. ESR spin trapping measurements showed that reaction of Cr(IV) with H2O2 generated .OH radicals, which were inhibited by deferoxamine, sodium formate and aspirin. The results show that Cr(IV) can cause NF-kappa B activation, DNA strand breaks and dG hydroxylation through .OH radical-initiated reactions. This reactive chromium intermediate may play an important role in the mechanism of Cr(VI)-induced carcinogenesis. The results also suggest that the Cr(IV)-glutathione complex may be used as a model compound to study the role of Cr(IV) in Cr(VI) carcinogenicity. JF - Journal of inorganic biochemistry AU - Shi, X AU - Ding, M AU - Ye, J AU - Wang, S AU - Leonard, S S AU - Zang, L AU - Castranova, V AU - Vallyathan, V AU - Chiu, A AU - Dalal, N AU - Liu, K AD - Pathology and Physiology Research Branch, National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, Morgantown, WV 26505, USA. xas0@cdc.gov Y1 - 1999/05/30/ PY - 1999 DA - 1999 May 30 SP - 37 EP - 44 VL - 75 IS - 1 SN - 0162-0134, 0162-0134 KW - Antioxidants KW - 0 KW - Carcinogens KW - Chelating Agents KW - Free Radicals KW - NF-kappa B KW - Chromium KW - 0R0008Q3JB KW - Deoxyguanosine KW - G9481N71RO KW - Glutathione KW - GAN16C9B8O KW - Index Medicus KW - Electrophoresis KW - Chelating Agents -- therapeutic use KW - Humans KW - Electron Spin Resonance Spectroscopy KW - Jurkat Cells KW - Antioxidants -- therapeutic use KW - Glutathione -- chemistry KW - Hydroxylation KW - NF-kappa B -- drug effects KW - Deoxyguanosine -- metabolism KW - DNA Damage KW - Chromium -- chemistry KW - Carcinogens -- toxicity KW - Chromium -- toxicity KW - Transcriptional Activation UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/69885624?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+inorganic+biochemistry&rft.atitle=Cr%28IV%29+causes+activation+of+nuclear+transcription+factor-kappa+B%2C+DNA+strand+breaks+and+dG+hydroxylation+via+free+radical+reactions.&rft.au=Shi%2C+X%3BDing%2C+M%3BYe%2C+J%3BWang%2C+S%3BLeonard%2C+S+S%3BZang%2C+L%3BCastranova%2C+V%3BVallyathan%2C+V%3BChiu%2C+A%3BDalal%2C+N%3BLiu%2C+K&rft.aulast=Shi&rft.aufirst=X&rft.date=1999-05-30&rft.volume=75&rft.issue=1&rft.spage=37&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+inorganic+biochemistry&rft.issn=01620134&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1999-08-11 N1 - Date created - 1999-08-11 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Illegal sales of cigarettes to minors--Ciudad Juárez, Mexico; El Paso, Texas; and Las Cruces, New Mexico, 1999. AN - 69818975; 10366134 AB - In 1996, the United States-Mexico Binational Commission (US-MBC) Health Working Group identified prevention of tobacco use, particularly among adolescents, as a priority and subsequently recommended joint efforts toward reducing illegal sales of cigarettes to minors. A 1997 survey of 561 commercial cigarette outlets in Mexico City found that 79% of retailers sold cigarettes to minors. To assess the illegal sale of cigarettes to minors in other regions of Mexico and on both sides of the U.S.-Mexico border, during January-February 1999 the General Directorate of Epidemiology in Mexico, the Chihuahua State Department of Health Services (CDH), the Ciudad Juarez Department of Health (CJDH), the Texas Department of Health (TDH), and the New Mexico Department of Health (NMDH) surveyed cigarette outlets in Ciudad Juarez, Mexico; El Paso, Texas; and Las Cruces, New Mexico. This report summarizes the results of these surveys, which indicate that almost all retailers in the surveyed outlets in Ciudad Juarez sold cigarettes to minors and that sales rates to minors were substantially lower in El Paso and Las Cruces. JF - MMWR. Morbidity and mortality weekly report AU - Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) AD - Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) Y1 - 1999/05/21/ PY - 1999 DA - 1999 May 21 SP - 394 EP - 398 VL - 48 IS - 19 SN - 0149-2195, 0149-2195 KW - Index Medicus KW - Mexico KW - Humans KW - Adult KW - Texas KW - New Mexico KW - Adolescent KW - Male KW - Female KW - Smoking -- legislation & jurisprudence KW - Plants, Toxic KW - Commerce -- legislation & jurisprudence KW - Tobacco UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/69818975?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=MMWR.+Morbidity+and+mortality+weekly+report&rft.atitle=Illegal+sales+of+cigarettes+to+minors--Ciudad+Ju%C3%A1rez%2C+Mexico%3B+El+Paso%2C+Texas%3B+and+Las+Cruces%2C+New+Mexico%2C+1999.&rft.au=Centers+for+Disease+Control+and+Prevention+%28CDC%29&rft.aulast=Centers+for+Disease+Control+and+Prevention+%28CDC%29&rft.aufirst=&rft.date=1999-05-21&rft.volume=48&rft.issue=19&rft.spage=394&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=MMWR.+Morbidity+and+mortality+weekly+report&rft.issn=01492195&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1999-06-15 N1 - Date created - 1999-06-15 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Determination of nicotine, pH, and moisture content of six U.S. commercial moist snuff products--Florida, January-February 1999. AN - 69817757; 10366135 AB - The use of smokeless tobacco (moist snuff and chewing tobacco) can cause oral cancer and precancerous oral lesions (leukoplakia) and is a risk factor for cardiovascular diseases and nicotine addiction. Despite these adverse effects, smokeless tobacco is used commonly in the United States by young people, especially male high school students. Officials in Florida requested CDC assistance in analyzing six moist snuff products to measure three factors that affect their nicotine dose: pH, nicotine content, and moisture content. This report summarizes the results of the analysis, which indicate that the pH, amount of nicotine, and moisture vary widely among brands. JF - MMWR. Morbidity and mortality weekly report AU - Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) AD - Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) Y1 - 1999/05/21/ PY - 1999 DA - 1999 May 21 SP - 398 EP - 401 VL - 48 IS - 19 SN - 0149-2195, 0149-2195 KW - Nicotine KW - 6M3C89ZY6R KW - Index Medicus KW - United States KW - Hydrogen-Ion Concentration KW - Nicotine -- analysis KW - Florida KW - Plants, Toxic KW - Tobacco, Smokeless -- chemistry UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/69817757?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=MMWR.+Morbidity+and+mortality+weekly+report&rft.atitle=Determination+of+nicotine%2C+pH%2C+and+moisture+content+of+six+U.S.+commercial+moist+snuff+products--Florida%2C+January-February+1999.&rft.au=Centers+for+Disease+Control+and+Prevention+%28CDC%29&rft.aulast=Centers+for+Disease+Control+and+Prevention+%28CDC%29&rft.aufirst=&rft.date=1999-05-21&rft.volume=48&rft.issue=19&rft.spage=398&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=MMWR.+Morbidity+and+mortality+weekly+report&rft.issn=01492195&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1999-06-15 N1 - Date created - 1999-06-15 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Emerging infectious diseases: Public health issues for the 21st century AN - 17238249; 4523496 AB - Infectious diseases are the third leading cause of death in the United States and the leading cause worldwide. As the new millenium approaches, the public health community must replenish capacity depleted during years of inadequate funding while simultaneously incorporating new technologies and planning for the longer term. Among the challenges facing the public health community is the need for coordinated, global, multisectoral approaches to preventing and controlling complex infectious disease problems. JF - Science (Washington) AU - Binder, S AU - Levitt, A M AU - Sacks, J J AU - Hughes, J M AD - Div. Parasit. Dis., Natl. Cent. for Infect. Dis. (NCID), F-22, 4770 Buford Highway, NE, Atlanta, GA 30341, USA, scb1@cdc.gov Y1 - 1999/05/21/ PY - 1999 DA - 1999 May 21 SP - 1311 EP - 1313 PB - American Association for the Advancement of Science VL - 284 IS - 5418 SN - 0036-8075, 0036-8075 KW - disease control KW - infectious diseases KW - Health & Safety Science Abstracts KW - Risk assessment KW - Mortality KW - Public health KW - H 12000:Epidemiology and Public Health UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/17238249?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Ahealthsafetyabstracts&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Science+%28Washington%29&rft.atitle=Emerging+infectious+diseases%3A+Public+health+issues+for+the+21st+century&rft.au=Binder%2C+S%3BLevitt%2C+A+M%3BSacks%2C+J+J%3BHughes%2C+J+M&rft.aulast=Binder&rft.aufirst=S&rft.date=1999-05-21&rft.volume=284&rft.issue=5418&rft.spage=1311&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Science+%28Washington%29&rft.issn=00368075&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Mortality; Risk assessment; Public health ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Investigation of Multidrug-Resistant Salmonella Serotype Typhimurium DT104 Infections Linked to Raw-Milk Cheese in Washington State AN - 17285394; 4532877 AB - Multidrug-resistant Salmonella Typhimurium DT104 has recently emerged as a cause of human and animal illness in Europe and North America. In early 1997, health officials in Yakima County, Washington, noted a 5-fold increase in salmonellosis among the county's Hispanic population. Objectives: To characterize bacterial strains and identify risk factors for infection with Salmonella Typhimurium in Yakima County. Design: Laboratory, case-control, and environmental investigations. Setting and Participants: Patients with culture-confirmed Salmonella Typhimurium infection living in Yakima County and age- and neighborhood-matched control subjects. Main Outcome Measures: Food vehicle implication based on case-control study and outbreak control. Results: Between January 1 and May 5, 1997, 54 culture-confirmed cases of Salmonella Typhimurium were reported. The median age of patients was 4 years and 91% were Hispanic. Patients reported diarrhea (100%), abdominal cramps (93%), fever (93%), bloody stools (72%), and vomiting (53%); 5 patients (9%) were hospitalized. Twenty two patients and 61 control subjects were enrolled in the case-control study. Seventeen case patients (77%) reported eating unpasteurized Mexican-style soft cheese in the 7 days before onset of illness compared with 17 control subjects (28%) (matched odds ratio, 32.3; 95% confidence interval, 3.0-874.6). All case-patient isolates were phage definitive type 104 (DT104) (n = 10) or DT104b (n = 12), and 20 (91%) were resistant to ampicillin, chloramphenicol, streptomycin, sulfamethoxazole, and tetracycline. The cheese produced and eaten by 2 unrelated patients was made with raw milk traced to the same local farm. Milk samples from nearby dairies yielded Salmonella Typhimurium DT104. The incidence of Salmonella Typhimurium infections in Yakima County returned to pre-1992 levels following interventions based on these findings. Conclusions: Multidrug-resistant Salmonella Typhimurium DT104 emerged as a cause of salmonellosis in Yakima County, and Mexican-style soft cheese made with unpasteurized milk is an important vehicle for Salmonella Typhimurium DT104 transmission. We postulate that recent increases in human salmonellosis reflect the emergence of Salmonella Typhimurium DT104 among dairy cows in the region. Continued efforts are needed to discourage consumption of raw milk products, promote healthier alternatives, and study the ecology of multidrug-resistant Salmonella Typhimurium. JF - Journal of the American Medical Association AU - Villar, R G AU - Macek, MD AU - Simons, S AU - Hayes, P S AU - Goldoft, MJ AU - Lewis, J H AU - Rowan, L L AU - Hursh, D AU - Patnode, M AU - Mead, P S AD - Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, 1600 Clifton Rd, MS A-38, Atlanta, GA 30333, USA, pfm0@cdc.gov Y1 - 1999/05/19/ PY - 1999 DA - 1999 May 19 SP - 1811 EP - 1816 VL - 281 IS - 19 SN - 0098-7484, 0098-7484 KW - Salmonella typhimurium KW - cheese KW - outbreaks KW - Microbiology Abstracts B: Bacteriology; Health & Safety Science Abstracts KW - Milk KW - Dairy products KW - Cheese KW - Food contamination KW - Public health KW - USA, Washington KW - Salmonella KW - Ethnic groups KW - Antibiotic resistance KW - J 02855:Human Bacteriology: Others KW - H 4000:Food and Drugs UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/17285394?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologyb&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+the+American+Medical+Association&rft.atitle=Investigation+of+Multidrug-Resistant+Salmonella+Serotype+Typhimurium+DT104+Infections+Linked+to+Raw-Milk+Cheese+in+Washington+State&rft.au=Villar%2C+R+G%3BMacek%2C+MD%3BSimons%2C+S%3BHayes%2C+P+S%3BGoldoft%2C+MJ%3BLewis%2C+J+H%3BRowan%2C+L+L%3BHursh%2C+D%3BPatnode%2C+M%3BMead%2C+P+S&rft.aulast=Villar&rft.aufirst=R&rft.date=1999-05-19&rft.volume=281&rft.issue=19&rft.spage=1811&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+the+American+Medical+Association&rft.issn=00987484&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Salmonella; USA, Washington; Food contamination; Milk; Antibiotic resistance; Dairy products; Ethnic groups; Public health; Cheese ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Possible estuary-associated syndrome. AN - 69820577; 10369580 AB - Pfiesteria piscicida (Pp) is an estuarine dinoflagellate that has been associated with fish kill events in estuaries along the eastern seaboard and possibly with human health effects. CDC, in collaboration with other federal, state, and local government agencies and academic institutions, is conducting multistate surveillance, epidemiologic studies, and laboratory research for possible estuary-associated syndrome (PEAS), including possible Pp-related human illness. JF - MMWR. Morbidity and mortality weekly report AU - Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) AD - Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) Y1 - 1999/05/14/ PY - 1999 DA - 1999 May 14 SP - 381 EP - 382 VL - 48 IS - 18 SN - 0149-2195, 0149-2195 KW - Water KW - 059QF0KO0R KW - Index Medicus KW - United States KW - Animals KW - Syndrome KW - Humans KW - Fish Diseases -- parasitology KW - Environmental Exposure KW - Water -- parasitology KW - Protozoan Infections -- etiology KW - Protozoan Infections -- diagnosis KW - Pfiesteria piscicida UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/69820577?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=MMWR.+Morbidity+and+mortality+weekly+report&rft.atitle=Possible+estuary-associated+syndrome.&rft.au=Centers+for+Disease+Control+and+Prevention+%28CDC%29&rft.aulast=Centers+for+Disease+Control+and+Prevention+%28CDC%29&rft.aufirst=&rft.date=1999-05-14&rft.volume=48&rft.issue=18&rft.spage=381&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=MMWR.+Morbidity+and+mortality+weekly+report&rft.issn=01492195&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1999-06-15 N1 - Date created - 1999-06-15 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Neisseria meningitidis serogroup B outer membrane vesicle vaccine in adults with occupational risk for meningococcal disease AN - 17295069; 4558206 AB - Vaccination provides a safe and effective means of reducing the risk of laboratory-acquired infection due to some Neisseria meningitidis serogroups. However, there is currently no serogroup B meningococcal vaccine licensed for use in the US. We used an investigational N. meningitidis serogroup B outer membrane vesicle (B:15:P1.7,16) vaccine produced by the National Institute of Public Health (NIPH) in Norway to immunize 20 researchers with occupational risk for disease. Three doses of vaccine were administered via intramuscular injection at 8-week intervals. The vaccine produced moderate or severe pain with 19 (33%) of the 58 doses administered. Reactions were similar following first, second and third doses. The number and severity of reactions peaked at 24 h postvaccination and then gradually waned. Of 16 vaccinees with results available from all blood draws, 12 (75%) showed a fourfold or greater rise in serum bactericidal activity (SBA) against the vaccine type-strain following two doses of vaccine, and 15 (94%) responded after three doses. Geometric mean titers increased by more than sixfold following two doses of vaccine when compared with prevaccination levels, and by more than 11-fold following a third dose. There was no significant difference between SBA measured using the vaccinee's own complement versus a donor complement source. The NIPH vaccine elicited an excellent bactericidal response against the vaccine type-strain in researchers with an occupational risk for disease. It may be useful for other laboratory personnel who routinely work with meningococcal strains containing similar outer membrane antigens. These findings reconfirm that the NIPH vaccine is immunogenic in adults and support the validity of using properly screened human donor complement in serum bactericidal assays against serogroup B meningococci. JF - Vaccine AU - Fischer, M AU - Carlone, G M AU - Holst, J AU - Williams, D AU - Stephens, D S AU - Perkins, BA AD - 1600 Clifton Rd. N.E., Atlanta, GA 30333, USA, bap4@cdc.gov Y1 - 1999/05/14/ PY - 1999 DA - 1999 May 14 SP - 2377 EP - 2383 VL - 17 IS - 19 SN - 0264-410X, 0264-410X KW - Neisseria meningitidis KW - immunology KW - man KW - Microbiology Abstracts B: Bacteriology; Immunology Abstracts KW - Risk factors KW - Outer membranes KW - Membrane vesicles KW - Vaccines KW - J 02834:Vaccination and immunization KW - F 06807:Active immunization UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/17295069?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologyb&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Vaccine&rft.atitle=Neisseria+meningitidis+serogroup+B+outer+membrane+vesicle+vaccine+in+adults+with+occupational+risk+for+meningococcal+disease&rft.au=Fischer%2C+M%3BCarlone%2C+G+M%3BHolst%2C+J%3BWilliams%2C+D%3BStephens%2C+D+S%3BPerkins%2C+BA&rft.aulast=Fischer&rft.aufirst=M&rft.date=1999-05-14&rft.volume=17&rft.issue=19&rft.spage=2377&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Vaccine&rft.issn=0264410X&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Neisseria meningitidis; Risk factors; Membrane vesicles; Vaccines; Outer membranes ER - TY - JOUR T1 - A comparison of driver- and passenger-based estimates of alcohol-impaired driving. AN - 70049002; 10493283 AB - Persons who drive after drinking or ride with drinking drivers are at increased risk of motor vehicle crash. Although alcohol is involved in 40% of fatal motor vehicle crashes yearly, there exist few systems to monitor alcohol-impaired driving. In this study we compare driver- and passenger-based estimates of the prevalence of alcohol-impaired driving. A random-digit-dialing telephone survey of the United States. Participants were adults aged 18 or older who were English- or Spanish-speaking from 5238 households (response rate = 56.1%). From the 4603 respondents who reported driving in the preceding 30 days, we estimate that there were 126 million drinking-driving episodes in the United States in 1994. From the 4380 passengers in the preceding 30 days, we estimate 191 million episodes. Three percent of respondents self-reported as drinking drivers (4.8% of males and 1.3% of females) and 4.9% as passengers of drinking drivers. Drinking drivers were more likely to be passengers of drinking drivers (44% versus 4% of nondrinking drivers). Drinking drivers were also more than twice as likely to report drinking daily, and only one half as likely to report always wearing their safety belts. Passengers who report riding with a drinking driver may provide an important estimate of the prevalence of drinking driving. Passengers of drinking drivers represent a high-risk group that is not considered in most prevention efforts. Because being a passenger of a drinking driver is not illegal, it may be an easier topic for clinicians to broach than drinking and driving. JF - American journal of preventive medicine AU - Dellinger, A M AU - Bolen, J AU - Sacks, J J AD - National Center for Injury Prevention and Control, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia 30341, USA. Y1 - 1999/05// PY - 1999 DA - May 1999 SP - 283 EP - 288 VL - 16 IS - 4 SN - 0749-3797, 0749-3797 KW - Index Medicus KW - Risk-Taking KW - Humans KW - Predictive Value of Tests KW - Risk Assessment KW - Age Distribution KW - Interviews as Topic -- methods KW - Logistic Models KW - Adult KW - Confidence Intervals KW - Incidence KW - Middle Aged KW - Adolescent KW - United States -- epidemiology KW - Sex Distribution KW - Female KW - Male KW - Alcoholic Intoxication -- psychology KW - Data Collection -- methods KW - Automobile Driving -- psychology KW - Alcoholic Intoxication -- epidemiology KW - Accidents, Traffic -- statistics & numerical data KW - Alcohol Drinking -- psychology KW - Alcohol Drinking -- epidemiology KW - Accidents, Traffic -- prevention & control KW - Automobile Driving -- statistics & numerical data UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/70049002?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=American+journal+of+preventive+medicine&rft.atitle=A+comparison+of+driver-+and+passenger-based+estimates+of+alcohol-impaired+driving.&rft.au=Dellinger%2C+A+M%3BBolen%2C+J%3BSacks%2C+J+J&rft.aulast=Dellinger&rft.aufirst=A&rft.date=1999-05-01&rft.volume=16&rft.issue=4&rft.spage=283&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=American+journal+of+preventive+medicine&rft.issn=07493797&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1999-11-05 N1 - Date created - 1999-11-05 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Review of the genetics of renal disease. AN - 69906382; 10416218 AB - The results of many of human studies indicate that the genetics of the more common forms of renal disease are quite complex. There are indications that human renal disease may be both polygenic and heterogenic. There are several approaches. Some researchers studying small populations are collecting larger numbers of families with multiple affected individuals. Others are employing discordant sib-pair analysis. Also, trios (individual with renal disease and that individual's parents) have been suggested as a means of collecting larger numbers of people with renal disease. Another population of interest is the group susceptible to nephrotoxicity. At common doses of nephrotoxic drugs and common levels of exposure to environmental and occupational nephrotoxic substances, only a portion of those similarly exposed develop significant renal damage. This subset of individuals may have a genetic susceptibility to renal damage caused by toxic agents. JF - Renal failure AU - Mueller, P W AD - Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), National Centers for Environmental Health, Division of Environmental Health Laboratory Sciences, Atlanta, Georgia 30341-3724, USA. pwn2@cdc.gov PY - 1999 SP - 395 EP - 402 VL - 21 IS - 3-4 SN - 0886-022X, 0886-022X KW - Index Medicus KW - Humans KW - Kidney Diseases -- genetics KW - Genetic Predisposition to Disease KW - Kidney Diseases -- chemically induced UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/69906382?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Renal+failure&rft.atitle=Review+of+the+genetics+of+renal+disease.&rft.au=Mueller%2C+P+W&rft.aulast=Mueller&rft.aufirst=P&rft.date=1999-05-01&rft.volume=21&rft.issue=3-4&rft.spage=395&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Renal+failure&rft.issn=0886022X&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1999-09-15 N1 - Date created - 1999-09-15 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Study design and data analysis in clinical and environmental models of nephrotoxicity. AN - 69904011; 10416211 AB - Protocols for clinical studies of nephrotoxicity may include several elements. They include background information, study objectives, study design, data handling and analysis, organization and administration, and methods and definitions. Response variables used to indicate the development of clinically apparent renal disease should be clearly defined. Susceptibility factors such as diabetes, hypertension, cardiovascular disease, obesity, smoking history, and genetic factors may influence the development of renal disease and other health outcomes. These factors may also affect the pattern of abnormal biomarkers that appear during the development of renal disease. Some individuals who are normal by standard clinical criteria will be in various stages of disease development and will have abnormal biomarker levels. With all approaches, an adequate baseline assessment of biomarker values is critically important. Consistent findings among studies reinforce conclusions. JF - Renal failure AU - Mueller, P W AD - Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), National Center for Environmental Health, Division of Environmental Health Laboratory Sciences, Atlanta, Georgia 30341-3724, USA. pwm2@cdc.gov PY - 1999 SP - 337 EP - 340 VL - 21 IS - 3-4 SN - 0886-022X, 0886-022X KW - Biomarkers KW - 0 KW - Index Medicus KW - Humans KW - Biomarkers -- analysis KW - Epidemiological Monitoring KW - Statistics as Topic KW - Comorbidity KW - Research Design -- statistics & numerical data KW - Kidney Diseases -- etiology KW - Kidney Diseases -- epidemiology KW - Environmental Monitoring -- statistics & numerical data KW - Clinical Trials as Topic -- statistics & numerical data UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/69904011?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Renal+failure&rft.atitle=Study+design+and+data+analysis+in+clinical+and+environmental+models+of+nephrotoxicity.&rft.au=Mueller%2C+P+W&rft.aulast=Mueller&rft.aufirst=P&rft.date=1999-05-01&rft.volume=21&rft.issue=3-4&rft.spage=337&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Renal+failure&rft.issn=0886022X&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1999-09-15 N1 - Date created - 1999-09-15 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Risk and prevention of hepatitis C virus infection. Implications for dentistry. AN - 69767623; 10332128 AB - The occupational risk of hepatitis C virus, or HCV, infection in dentistry is very low. Nonetheless, the lack of an effective vaccine, the high rates of chronic infection and the limited effectiveness of treatment may cause concern for dental workers who come into contact with blood in their daily practices. The authors discuss the natural history, diagnosis and treatment, and patterns of transmission of HCV infection, including the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention's recommendations for management and follow-up of health care workers after occupational exposure to HCV. In the absence of an effective vaccine or postexposure prophylaxis, prevention of occupational transmission of HCV in dental settings continues to rely on the use of universal precautions, including barrier precautions and the safe handling of sharp instruments. JF - Journal of the American Dental Association (1939) AU - Cleveland, J L AU - Gooch, B F AU - Shearer, B G AU - Lyerla, R L AD - Division of Oral Health, National Center for Chronic Disease Prevention and Health Promotion, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA 30341, USA. Y1 - 1999/05// PY - 1999 DA - May 1999 SP - 641 EP - 647 VL - 130 IS - 5 SN - 0002-8177, 0002-8177 KW - Dentistry KW - Index Medicus KW - Risk Factors KW - Humans KW - Infectious Disease Transmission, Patient-to-Professional -- prevention & control KW - Hepatitis C -- prevention & control KW - Hepatitis C -- transmission KW - Occupational Diseases -- prevention & control KW - Dentists KW - Occupational Diseases -- etiology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/69767623?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+the+American+Dental+Association+%281939%29&rft.atitle=Risk+and+prevention+of+hepatitis+C+virus+infection.+Implications+for+dentistry.&rft.au=Cleveland%2C+J+L%3BGooch%2C+B+F%3BShearer%2C+B+G%3BLyerla%2C+R+L&rft.aulast=Cleveland&rft.aufirst=J&rft.date=1999-05-01&rft.volume=130&rft.issue=5&rft.spage=641&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+the+American+Dental+Association+%281939%29&rft.issn=00028177&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1999-06-04 N1 - Date created - 1999-06-04 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Estrogen replacement therapy and incidence of self-reported physician-diagnosed arthritis. AN - 69762321; 10329335 AB - This longitudinal study examined the association between use of estrogen replacement therapy and incidence of self-reported, physician-diagnosed arthritis. Data of 2,416 postmenopausal women who participated in the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey Epidemiological Follow-Up Study were used in this study. Women, free of self-reported arthritis at entry into study and for 3 years thereafter, were questioned about use of estrogen and physician-diagnosed arthritis at each of the follow-up waves of study. Proportional hazard regression models were used for the analysis. Use of ERT was found to be associated with higher risk of incident arthritis, after adjusting for potential confounders (RR = 1.61, CI 1.37-1.89). Whenever use of ERT was replaced by duration of use in the regression model, ERT users for a year or less significantly increased their risk of incident arthritis (RR = 1.37, CI 1.07-1.74). The risk increased by 30 and 96% with hormone use for 1 to 4 and 4 to 10 years, respectively, and by 104% with hormone use for 10 or more years. Results suggest that users of ERT were at higher risk of developing arthritis and the longer the use of the hormone, the higher the risk. Copyright 1999 American Health Foundation and Academic Press. JF - Preventive medicine AU - Sahyoun, N R AU - Brett, K M AU - Hochberg, M C AU - Pamuk, E R AD - National Center for Health Statistics, Hyattsville, Maryland 20782, USA. ncs8@cdc.gov Y1 - 1999/05// PY - 1999 DA - May 1999 SP - 458 EP - 464 VL - 28 IS - 5 SN - 0091-7435, 0091-7435 KW - Index Medicus KW - Humans KW - Aged KW - Nutrition Surveys KW - Longitudinal Studies KW - Risk Factors KW - Confounding Factors (Epidemiology) KW - Surveys and Questionnaires KW - Incidence KW - Middle Aged KW - United States -- epidemiology KW - Time Factors KW - Female KW - Proportional Hazards Models KW - Arthritis -- diagnosis KW - Postmenopause KW - Estrogen Replacement Therapy -- adverse effects KW - Arthritis -- epidemiology KW - Arthritis -- chemically induced UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/69762321?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Preventive+medicine&rft.atitle=Estrogen+replacement+therapy+and+incidence+of+self-reported+physician-diagnosed+arthritis.&rft.au=Sahyoun%2C+N+R%3BBrett%2C+K+M%3BHochberg%2C+M+C%3BPamuk%2C+E+R&rft.aulast=Sahyoun&rft.aufirst=N&rft.date=1999-05-01&rft.volume=28&rft.issue=5&rft.spage=458&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Preventive+medicine&rft.issn=00917435&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1999-06-03 N1 - Date created - 1999-06-03 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - SuppNotes - Comment In: Prev Med. 1999 May;28(5):445-8; discussion 449-50 [10329332] N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Students who carry weapons to high school: comparison with other weapon-carriers. AN - 69757718; 10331840 AB - To determine if those who have recently carried a weapon on school grounds differ from those who carry weapons elsewhere. We hypothesized that involvement in other problem behaviors and exposure to school crime and violence would be associated with risk for weapon carrying on school grounds. The data for this study were from the 1995 Youth Risk Behavior Survey of 10,904 high school students. Logistic regression analysis was used to examine risk for weapon carrying on school grounds. Among the students who carried a weapon, 48% carried a weapon on school grounds. Female gender, lower parental education levels, substance use on school grounds, involvement in physical fights, exposure to school crime and violence, frequency of weapon-carrying, and gun carrying distinguished students who carried weapons on school grounds from those who carried weapons off school grounds. The results suggest that weapon-carrying on school grounds is associated with individual and school-related characteristics. Efforts to reduce weapon-carrying on school grounds might focus on reduction of students' actual and perceived vulnerability to victimization, as well as by helping students understand that other problem behaviors increase their risk for violence. JF - The Journal of adolescent health : official publication of the Society for Adolescent Medicine AU - Simon, T R AU - Crosby, A E AU - Dahlberg, L L AD - National Center for Injury Prevention and Control, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia 30341-3724, USA. Y1 - 1999/05// PY - 1999 DA - May 1999 SP - 340 EP - 348 VL - 24 IS - 5 SN - 1054-139X, 1054-139X KW - Index Medicus KW - Humans KW - Infant, Newborn KW - Crime Victims -- statistics & numerical data KW - Cross-Sectional Studies KW - Risk Factors KW - Health Surveys KW - Crime -- statistics & numerical data KW - Firearms -- statistics & numerical data KW - Statistics as Topic KW - Absenteeism KW - Adolescent KW - United States -- epidemiology KW - Crime -- psychology KW - Female KW - Male KW - Substance-Related Disorders -- epidemiology KW - Social Environment KW - Adolescent Behavior KW - Violence -- statistics & numerical data KW - Juvenile Delinquency -- statistics & numerical data KW - Schools -- statistics & numerical data UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/69757718?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Journal+of+adolescent+health+%3A+official+publication+of+the+Society+for+Adolescent+Medicine&rft.atitle=Students+who+carry+weapons+to+high+school%3A+comparison+with+other+weapon-carriers.&rft.au=Simon%2C+T+R%3BCrosby%2C+A+E%3BDahlberg%2C+L+L&rft.aulast=Simon&rft.aufirst=T&rft.date=1999-05-01&rft.volume=24&rft.issue=5&rft.spage=340&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=The+Journal+of+adolescent+health+%3A+official+publication+of+the+Society+for+Adolescent+Medicine&rft.issn=1054139X&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1999-07-14 N1 - Date created - 1999-07-14 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Blood lead concentration and children's anthropometric dimensions in the Third National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES III), 1988-1994. AN - 69732445; 10228299 AB - To assess the association between lead exposure and children's physical growth. Cross-sectional analysis of data from the Third National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey, 1988-1994. A total of 4391 non-Hispanic white, non-Hispanic black, and Mexican-American children age 1 to 7 years. We investigated the association between blood lead concentration and stature, head circumference, weight, and body mass index with multiple regression analysis adjusting for sex, ethnic group, iron status, dietary intake, medical history, sociodemographic factors, and household characteristics. Blood lead concentration was significantly negatively associated with stature and head circumference. Regression models predicted reductions of 1. 57 cm in stature and 0.52 cm in head circumference for each 0.48 micromol/L (10 micrograms/dL) increase in blood lead concentration. We did not find significant associations between blood lead concentration and weight or body mass index. The significant negative associations between blood lead concentration and stature and head circumference among children age 1 through 7 years, similar in magnitude to those reported for the Second National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey, 1976-1980, suggest that although mean blood lead concentrations of children have been declining in the United States for 2 decades, lead exposure may continue to affect the growth of some children. JF - The Journal of pediatrics AU - Ballew, C AU - Khan, L K AU - Kaufmann, R AU - Mokdad, A AU - Miller, D T AU - Gunter, E W AD - Division of Nutrition and Physical Activity, and of Environmental Hazards and Health Effects, National Center for Chronic Disease Prevention and Health Promotion, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA, USA. Y1 - 1999/05// PY - 1999 DA - May 1999 SP - 623 EP - 630 VL - 134 IS - 5 SN - 0022-3476, 0022-3476 KW - Lead KW - 2P299V784P KW - Abridged Index Medicus KW - Index Medicus KW - United States KW - Regression Analysis KW - Humans KW - African Americans -- statistics & numerical data KW - European Continental Ancestry Group -- statistics & numerical data KW - Child KW - Child, Preschool KW - Socioeconomic Factors KW - Anthropometry KW - Infant KW - Cross-Sectional Studies KW - Hispanic Americans -- statistics & numerical data KW - Health Surveys KW - Environmental Exposure KW - Male KW - Female KW - Growth KW - Lead -- blood UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/69732445?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Journal+of+pediatrics&rft.atitle=Blood+lead+concentration+and+children%27s+anthropometric+dimensions+in+the+Third+National+Health+and+Nutrition+Examination+Survey+%28NHANES+III%29%2C+1988-1994.&rft.au=Ballew%2C+C%3BKhan%2C+L+K%3BKaufmann%2C+R%3BMokdad%2C+A%3BMiller%2C+D+T%3BGunter%2C+E+W&rft.aulast=Ballew&rft.aufirst=C&rft.date=1999-05-01&rft.volume=134&rft.issue=5&rft.spage=623&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=The+Journal+of+pediatrics&rft.issn=00223476&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1999-05-25 N1 - Date created - 1999-05-25 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Alcohol-influenced recreational boat operation in the United States, 1994 AN - 17580778; 4613098 AB - There were 783 recreational boating fatalities in the United States in 1994. One contributor to this toll is alcohol-influenced operation of boats. Our study objective was to determine the prevalence of alcohol-influenced motor boat operation, and describe its relationship to demographic factors and other risk behaviors. In 1994, a randomly dialed national telephone survey contacted 5238 adult respondents who reported on their operation of motor boats, alcohol use, and other potential injury risk behaviors. Data were weighted to obtain national estimates and percentages. Of 597 respondents who operated a motor boat in 1994, 31% (206 respondents) reported doing so at least once while alcohol-influenced. Alcohol-influenced operation of a motor boat was significantly more likely among males, individuals between 25 and 34 years of age, and those with greater than a college education. Alcohol-influenced motor boat operation was also more common among those who drove motor vehicles while alcohol-influenced, and those who drove a motor vehicle without using a seat belt. To decrease alcohol-influenced boating, new strategies should be developed. Strategies used to decrease drinking and driving motor vehicles may prove adaptable to preventing alcohol-influenced boating. More effective means of monitoring alcohol-influenced boating is needed. Alcohol use by passengers on boats should not be overlooked as a problem. JF - American Journal of Preventive Medicine AU - Logan, P AU - Sacks, J J AU - Branche, C M AU - Ryan, G W AU - Bender, P AD - National Center for Injury Prevention and Control, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, 4770 Buford Highway, NE (K-63), Atlanta, GA 30341, USA Y1 - 1999/05// PY - 1999 DA - May 1999 SP - 278 EP - 282 VL - 16 IS - 4 SN - 0749-3797, 0749-3797 KW - USA KW - boating KW - driving ability KW - recreation KW - substance abuse KW - Health & Safety Science Abstracts; Risk Abstracts; Physical Education Index KW - Mortality KW - Alcohol KW - Injuries KW - Boating KW - Health KW - Accidents KW - Recreation KW - H 2000:Transportation KW - R2 23060:Medical and environmental health KW - PE 030:Exercise, Health & Physical Fitness UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/17580778?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Ariskabstracts&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=American+Journal+of+Preventive+Medicine&rft.atitle=Alcohol-influenced+recreational+boat+operation+in+the+United+States%2C+1994&rft.au=Logan%2C+P%3BSacks%2C+J+J%3BBranche%2C+C+M%3BRyan%2C+G+W%3BBender%2C+P&rft.aulast=Logan&rft.aufirst=P&rft.date=1999-05-01&rft.volume=16&rft.issue=4&rft.spage=278&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=American+Journal+of+Preventive+Medicine&rft.issn=07493797&rft_id=info:doi/10.1016%2FS0749-3797%2899%2900022-7 LA - English DB - Physical Education Index; ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Alcohol; Recreation; Boating; Health; Injuries; Accidents; Mortality DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0749-3797(99)00022-7 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Identifying Work-related Fatalities in the Agricultural Production Sector Using Two National Occupational Fatality Surveillance Systems, 1990-1995 AN - 17455997; 4670455 AB - Workers in the agriculture industry have consistently been identified as being at high risk for death and injury. Production agriculture, the segment of the agriculture industry that represents farming, has been shown to have higher rates of fatalities than the agriculture industry as a whole. The purpose of the manuscript was to provide a descriptive analysis of agricultural production fatalities for the years 1990 through 1995. Two national occupational fatality data sources were used to calculate agricultural production fatality rates: the National Traumatic Occupational Fatalities (NTOF) and the Census of Fatal Occupational Injuries (CFOI). Employment estimates for calculating fatality rates came from the Current Population Survey (CPS). The majority of agricultural production worker decedents were white male farmers. The leading sources of injury were farm tractors, followed by trucks and harvesting equipment. Older agricultural workers (65+ years of age) were at high risk for death, with the most likely fatal event being the overturning of a tractor in a non-highway environment. Black workers in the agricultural production industry, and the occupation of black farmers in particular, were identified as having high fatal injury rates by race. Young Hispanic workers also exhibited a high fatality rate. Farm tractors were a leading source of injury resulting in death for males and females; however, there were gender differences in other types of fatalities. Females, while accounting for a small percentage of the total fatalities in agriculture production, had a higher proportion of deaths due to animals than did males, and also had a higher proportion of deaths due to being caught in running equipment than males. The two national occupational fatality surveillance systems, while showing differences in overall numbers, generally identified similar patterns of death for agricultural production workers. Finally, no clear downward trend for agricultural production fatalities was found, which is contrary to trends seen in the general worker population over the same time period. JF - Journal of Agricultural Safety and Health AU - Hard, D L AU - Myers, J R AU - Snyder, KA AU - Casini, V J AU - Morton, L L AU - Cianfrocco, R AU - Fields, J AD - National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, Division of Safety Research, 1095 Willowdale Rd. MS/P-1133, Morgantown, WV 26505, USA, dlh6@cdc.gov Y1 - 1999/05// PY - 1999 DA - May 1999 SP - 155 EP - 169 VL - 5 IS - 2 SN - 1074-7583, 1074-7583 KW - elderly KW - tractors KW - Health & Safety Science Abstracts; Risk Abstracts KW - Agriculture KW - Age KW - Injuries KW - Accidents KW - Mortality KW - Gender KW - R2 23080:Industrial and labor KW - H 1000:Occupational Safety and Health UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/17455997?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Ariskabstracts&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Agricultural+Safety+and+Health&rft.atitle=Identifying+Work-related+Fatalities+in+the+Agricultural+Production+Sector+Using+Two+National+Occupational+Fatality+Surveillance+Systems%2C+1990-1995&rft.au=Hard%2C+D+L%3BMyers%2C+J+R%3BSnyder%2C+KA%3BCasini%2C+V+J%3BMorton%2C+L+L%3BCianfrocco%2C+R%3BFields%2C+J&rft.aulast=Hard&rft.aufirst=D&rft.date=1999-05-01&rft.volume=5&rft.issue=2&rft.spage=155&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+Agricultural+Safety+and+Health&rft.issn=10747583&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Gender; Age; Injuries; Accidents; Agriculture; Mortality ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Household firearm storage practices: Do responses differ by whether or not individuals ever use firearms? AN - 17399080; 4613100 AB - The prevalence with which firearms are stored loaded or unlocked has been measured in previous surveys. Our purpose was to compare household firearm storage practices reported by firearm users and nonusers. We analyzed telephone survey data from the 1992 and 1993 Oregon Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System on 2454 randomly selected adults in households with firearms. We compared reported firearm storage practices among persons who ever used firearms with persons who had never used firearms by demographics and type of firearm. Nonusers of firearms were much less likely than firearm users to report that household firearms were always or sometimes stored loaded [odds ratio (OR) = 0.45, 95% confidence interval (CI):0.36-0.54] or stored loaded and unlocked (OR = 0.46, 95% CI: 0.36-0.57). Except for persons aged 18 to 34 years and persons in handgun-only households, differences in reported firearm storage practices between nonusers and users varied little by demographic characteristics or by type of firearm. Nonusers of household firearms may be unaware that firearms are stored loaded or stored loaded and unlocked in their homes. Surveys that do not consider firearm use status may underestimate household exposure to loaded firearms or to loaded and unlocked firearms. JF - American Journal of Preventive Medicine AU - Nelson, DE AU - Powell, K AU - Johnson, C J AU - Mercy, J AU - Grant-Worley, JA AD - Division of Adult and Community Health, National Center for Chronic Disease Prevention and Health Promotion, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), 4770 Buford Highway, NE, Mailstop K30, Atlanta, GA 30341-3724, USA Y1 - 1999/05// PY - 1999 DA - May 1999 SP - 298 EP - 302 VL - 16 IS - 4 SN - 0749-3797, 0749-3797 KW - firearms KW - Health & Safety Science Abstracts KW - Storage KW - Residential areas KW - Human factors KW - H 12000:Epidemiology and Public Health UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/17399080?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Ahealthsafetyabstracts&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=American+Journal+of+Preventive+Medicine&rft.atitle=Household+firearm+storage+practices%3A+Do+responses+differ+by+whether+or+not+individuals+ever+use+firearms%3F&rft.au=Nelson%2C+DE%3BPowell%2C+K%3BJohnson%2C+C+J%3BMercy%2C+J%3BGrant-Worley%2C+JA&rft.aulast=Nelson&rft.aufirst=DE&rft.date=1999-05-01&rft.volume=16&rft.issue=4&rft.spage=298&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=American+Journal+of+Preventive+Medicine&rft.issn=07493797&rft_id=info:doi/10.1016%2FS0749-3797%2898%2900096-8 LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Storage; Residential areas; Human factors DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0749-3797(98)00096-8 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Determinants of Vancomycin Use in Adult Intensive Care Units in 41 United States Hospitals AN - 17367288; 4572143 AB - We analyzed data from a prospective observational cohort study that included 108 adult intensive care units (ICUs) in 41 United States hospitals. Use of vancomycin (defined daily doses per 1,000 patient-days), nosocomial infection rates, and proportion of all Staphylococcus aureus isolates resistant to methicillin (MRSA rate) were recorded from January 1996 through November 1997. The median rate of vancomycin use was lowest in coronary care ICUs and highest in general surgical ICUs. Prior approval before use of vancomycin was required in only 26 (24%) of the 108 ICUs. In a multivariate linear regression model, rates of MRSA, central line-associated bloodstream infection, and the type of ICU were independent predictors of vancomycin use. None of the vancomycin control practices was associated with lower rates of vancomycin use; however, it is important to recognize that this database was not designed to measure rates of inappropriate use. Vancomycin use is heavily determined by rates of endemic MRSA and central line-associated bloodstream infection. Efforts to reduce these rates through infection control activities should be included in hospitals' efforts to reduce vancomycin use. JF - Clinical Infectious Diseases AU - Fridkin, S K AU - Edwards, J R AU - Pichette, S C AU - Pryor, E R AU - McGowan, JE Jr AU - Tenover, F C AU - Culver, D H AU - Gaynes, R P AD - Hospital Infections Program, MS E-55, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, 1600 Clifton Road, Atlanta, Georgia 30333, USA, skf0@cdc.gov Y1 - 1999/05// PY - 1999 DA - May 1999 SP - 1119 EP - 1125 VL - 28 IS - 5 SN - 1058-4838, 1058-4838 KW - USA KW - Microbiology Abstracts B: Bacteriology KW - Intensive care units KW - Vancomycin KW - Antibiotics KW - Staphylococcus aureus KW - Hospitals KW - J 02855:Human Bacteriology: Others UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/17367288?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologyb&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Clinical+Infectious+Diseases&rft.atitle=Determinants+of+Vancomycin+Use+in+Adult+Intensive+Care+Units+in+41+United+States+Hospitals&rft.au=Fridkin%2C+S+K%3BEdwards%2C+J+R%3BPichette%2C+S+C%3BPryor%2C+E+R%3BMcGowan%2C+JE+Jr%3BTenover%2C+F+C%3BCulver%2C+D+H%3BGaynes%2C+R+P&rft.aulast=Fridkin&rft.aufirst=S&rft.date=1999-05-01&rft.volume=28&rft.issue=5&rft.spage=1119&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Clinical+Infectious+Diseases&rft.issn=10584838&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Staphylococcus aureus; Vancomycin; Antibiotics; Intensive care units; Hospitals ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Bordetella bronchiseptica Infection in Human Immunodeficiency Virus-Infected Patients AN - 17270272; 4572139 AB - Bordetella bronchiseptica is a pleomorphic gram-negative coccobacillus that commonly causes respiratory tract infections in dogs. We identified nine human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-infected persons with culture-confirmed B. bronchiseptica infections (eight respiratory tract and one disseminated infection). The respiratory illnesses ranged in severity from mild upper respiratory tract infection to pneumonia. All nine patients had had at least one AIDS-defining condition before the B. bronchiseptica infection. Two patients had household contact with dogs before their illnesses, and one had household contact with cats. Infection due to B. bronchiseptica is uncommon in HIV-infected persons. Additional data are needed to fully define the spectrum of disease due to B. bronchiseptica infections and to evaluate the possibility that this infection may be acquired from pets. Treatment of B. bronchiseptica infection should be tailored to the patient and should be based on the results of susceptibility testing. JF - Clinical Infectious Diseases AU - Dworkin AU - Sullivan, P S AU - Buskin, SE AU - Harrington, R D AU - Olliffe, J AU - MacArthur, R D AU - Lopez, CE AD - Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Division of HIV/AIDS--Surveillance and Epidemiology, Mailstop E-47, Atlanta, Georgia 30333, USA, mdd3@cdc.gov Y1 - 1999/05// PY - 1999 DA - May 1999 SP - 1095 EP - 1099 VL - 28 IS - 5 SN - 1058-4838, 1058-4838 KW - HIV KW - Virology & AIDS Abstracts; Microbiology Abstracts B: Bacteriology KW - Acquired immune deficiency syndrome KW - Opportunist infection KW - Respiratory tract diseases KW - Bordetella bronchiseptica KW - Human immunodeficiency virus KW - Immunocompromised hosts KW - Pneumonia KW - J 02845:Ear, nose and respiratory tract KW - V 22004:AIDS: Clinical aspects UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/17270272?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologyb&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Clinical+Infectious+Diseases&rft.atitle=Bordetella+bronchiseptica+Infection+in+Human+Immunodeficiency+Virus-Infected+Patients&rft.au=Dworkin%3BSullivan%2C+P+S%3BBuskin%2C+SE%3BHarrington%2C+R+D%3BOlliffe%2C+J%3BMacArthur%2C+R+D%3BLopez%2C+CE&rft.aulast=Dworkin&rft.aufirst=&rft.date=1999-05-01&rft.volume=28&rft.issue=5&rft.spage=1095&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Clinical+Infectious+Diseases&rft.issn=10584838&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Bordetella bronchiseptica; Human immunodeficiency virus; Opportunist infection; Acquired immune deficiency syndrome; Immunocompromised hosts; Pneumonia; Respiratory tract diseases ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Efficacy of trimethoprim-sulphamethoxazole prophylaxis to decrease morbidity and mortality in HIV-1-infected patients with tuberculosis in Abidjan, Cote d'Ivoire: a randomised controlled trial AN - 17253993; 4548963 AB - Background There is a high incidence of opportunistic infection among HIV-1-infected patients with tuberculosis in Africa and, consequently, high mortality. We assessed the safety and efficacy of trimethoprim-sulphamethoxazole 800 mg/160 mg (co-trimoxazole) prophylaxis in prevention of such infections and in decrease of morbidity and mortality. Methods Between October, 1995, and April, 1998, we enrolled 771 HIV-1 seropositive and HIV-1 and HIV-2 dually seroreactive patients who had sputum-smear-positive pulmonary tuberculosis (median age 32 years [range 18-64], median CD4-cell count 317 cells/ mu L) attending Abidjan's four largest outpatient tuberculosis treatment centres. Patients were randomly assigned one daily tablet of co-trimoxazole (n=386) or placebo (n=385) 1 month after the start of a standard 6-month tuberculosis regimen. We assessed adherence to study drug and tolerance monthly for 5 months and every 3 months thereafter, as well as rates of admission to hospital. Findings Rates of laboratory and clinical adverse events were similar in the two groups. 51 patients in the co-trimoxazole group (13 times 8/100 person-years) and 86 in the placebo group (25 times 4/100 person-years) died (decrease In risk 46% [95% CI 23-62], p<0 times 001). 29 patients on co-trimoxazole (8 times 2/100 person-years) and 47 on placebo (15 times 0/100 person-years) were admitted to hospital at least once after randomisation (decrease 43% [10-64]), p=0 times 02). There were significantly fewer admissions for septicaemia and enteritis in the co-trimoxazole group than in the placebo group. Interpretation In HIV-1-infected patients with tuberculosis, daily co-trimoxazole prophylaxis was well tolerated and significantly decreased mortality and hospital admission rates. Our findings may have important implications for improvement of clinical care for such patients in Africa. JF - Lancet AU - Wiktor, S Z AU - Sassan-Morokro, M AU - Grant, AD AU - Abouya, L AU - Karon, J M AU - Maurice, C AU - Djomand, G AU - Ackah, A AU - Domoua, K AU - Kadio, A AU - Yapi, A AU - Combe, P AU - Tossou, O AU - Roels, TH AD - Projet RETRO-Cl, 01 BP 1712, 01 Abidjan, Cote d'Ivoire, szw0@cdc.gov Y1 - 1999/05/01/ PY - 1999 DA - 1999 May 01 SP - 1469 EP - 1475 VL - 353 IS - 9163 SN - 0099-5355, 0099-5355 KW - HIV-1 KW - HIV-2 KW - Ivory Coast, Abidjan KW - Ivory Coast, Adibjan KW - co-trimoxazole KW - morbidity KW - sulfamethoxazole KW - trimethoprim KW - Microbiology Abstracts B: Bacteriology; Virology & AIDS Abstracts KW - Mortality KW - Drug sensitivity testing KW - Immunocompromised hosts KW - Human immunodeficiency virus 1 KW - Human immunodeficiency virus 2 KW - Tuberculosis KW - Antibacterial agents KW - Mycobacterium tuberculosis KW - J 02845:Ear, nose and respiratory tract KW - V 22004:AIDS: Clinical aspects UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/17253993?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologyb&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Lancet&rft.atitle=Efficacy+of+trimethoprim-sulphamethoxazole+prophylaxis+to+decrease+morbidity+and+mortality+in+HIV-1-infected+patients+with+tuberculosis+in+Abidjan%2C+Cote+d%27Ivoire%3A+a+randomised+controlled+trial&rft.au=Wiktor%2C+S+Z%3BSassan-Morokro%2C+M%3BGrant%2C+AD%3BAbouya%2C+L%3BKaron%2C+J+M%3BMaurice%2C+C%3BDjomand%2C+G%3BAckah%2C+A%3BDomoua%2C+K%3BKadio%2C+A%3BYapi%2C+A%3BCombe%2C+P%3BTossou%2C+O%3BRoels%2C+TH&rft.aulast=Wiktor&rft.aufirst=S&rft.date=1999-05-01&rft.volume=353&rft.issue=9163&rft.spage=1469&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Lancet&rft.issn=00995355&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Human immunodeficiency virus 1; Human immunodeficiency virus 2; Mycobacterium tuberculosis; Mortality; Drug sensitivity testing; Antibacterial agents; Immunocompromised hosts; Tuberculosis ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Molecular cloning and characterization of the Ehrlichia chaffeensis variable-length PCR target: An antigen-expressing gene that exhibits interstrain variation AN - 17243411; 4526513 AB - A clone expressing an immunoreactive protein with an apparent molecular mass of 44 kDa was selected from an Ehrlichia chaffeensis Arkansas genomic library by probing with anti-E. chaffeensis hyperimmune mouse ascitic fluid. Nucleotide sequencing revealed an open reading frame (ORF) capable of encoding a 198-amino-acid polypeptide. The ORF contained four imperfect, direct, tandem 90-bp repeats. The nucleotide and deduced amino acid sequences did not show close homologies to entries in the molecular databases. PCR with primers whose sequences matched the sequences flanking the ORF was performed with DNA samples extracted from cell cultures infected with nine different isolates of E. chaffeensis, blood samples from seven patients with monocytic ehrlichiosis, and Amblyomma americanum ticks collected in four different states. The resulting amplicons varied in length, containing three to six repeat units. This gene, designated the variable-length PCR target, is useful for PCR detection of E. chaffeensis and differentiation of isolates. JF - Journal of Clinical Microbiology AU - Sumner, J W AU - Childs, JE AU - Paddock, ChD AD - Viral and Rickettsial Zoonoses Branch, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, 1600 Clifton Rd., Mailstop G-13, Atlanta, GA 30333, USA, jws3@cdc.gov Y1 - 1999/05// PY - 1999 DA - May 1999 SP - 1447 EP - 1453 VL - 37 IS - 5 SN - 0095-1137, 0095-1137 KW - Microbiology Abstracts B: Bacteriology KW - Gene expression KW - Amblyomma americanum KW - Gene libraries KW - Polymerase chain reaction KW - Ehrlichia chaffeensis KW - Open reading frames KW - J 02740:Genetics and evolution UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/17243411?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologyb&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Clinical+Microbiology&rft.atitle=Molecular+cloning+and+characterization+of+the+Ehrlichia+chaffeensis+variable-length+PCR+target%3A+An+antigen-expressing+gene+that+exhibits+interstrain+variation&rft.au=Sumner%2C+J+W%3BChilds%2C+JE%3BPaddock%2C+ChD&rft.aulast=Sumner&rft.aufirst=J&rft.date=1999-05-01&rft.volume=37&rft.issue=5&rft.spage=1447&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+Clinical+Microbiology&rft.issn=00951137&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Amblyomma americanum; Ehrlichia chaffeensis; Gene expression; Polymerase chain reaction; Gene libraries; Open reading frames ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Multicenter comparison of PCR assays for detection of human herpesvirus 8 DNA in semen AN - 17241950; 4526539 AB - Reported prevalences of human herpesvirus 8 (HHV-8) (Kaposi's sarcoma-associated herpesvirus) in semen have ranged widely. This is possibly due to differences in assay sensitivity, geographic or population-based differences in the true presence of the virus in semen, and PCR contamination. This study assessed interlaboratory sensitivity and reproducibility in the analysis of blinded experimental panels, each consisting of 48 specimens and being composed of semen specimens from different healthy artificial-insemination donors (n = 30) and human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-infected patients (n = 7) plus positive (n = 4) and negative (n = 7) controls. The experimental panels analyzed in each laboratory were identical except for being independently coded. Of 10 experiments done in five laboratories, 5 experiments from three laboratories had evidence of PCR contamination; all instances of contamination were in the context of nested PCR procedures. In the experiments with no false-positive results, HHV-8 DNA was detected in three (8%) of the 37 semen specimens (two from artificial-insemination donors and one from an HIV-positive patient) but in only 3 (1.6%) of the 184 PCRs in which these specimens were analyzed. This suggests that HHV-8 DNA is present in semen at concentrations that can be too low to allow its consistent detection. This study emphasizes the importance of performing blinded, multi-institution experiments to provide a coherent basis for comparing results and to motivate standardization of methods. JF - Journal of Clinical Microbiology AU - Pellett, PhE AU - Spira, ThJ AU - Bagasra, O AU - Boshoff, Ch AU - Corey, L AU - De Lellis, L AU - Huang, M-L AU - Lin, J-Ch AU - Matthews, S AU - Monini, P AU - Rimessi, P AU - Sosa, C AU - Wood, Ch AU - Stewart, JA AD - Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, 1600 Clifton Rd., G18, Atlanta, GA 30333, USA, php1@cdc.gov Y1 - 1999/05// PY - 1999 DA - May 1999 SP - 1298 EP - 1301 VL - 37 IS - 5 SN - 0095-1137, 0095-1137 KW - identification KW - Microbiology Abstracts A: Industrial & Applied Microbiology; Virology & AIDS Abstracts KW - Human herpesvirus 8 KW - DNA KW - Semen KW - Polymerase chain reaction KW - A 01114:Viruses KW - V 22121:Diagnosis UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/17241950?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologya&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Clinical+Microbiology&rft.atitle=Multicenter+comparison+of+PCR+assays+for+detection+of+human+herpesvirus+8+DNA+in+semen&rft.au=Pellett%2C+PhE%3BSpira%2C+ThJ%3BBagasra%2C+O%3BBoshoff%2C+Ch%3BCorey%2C+L%3BDe+Lellis%2C+L%3BHuang%2C+M-L%3BLin%2C+J-Ch%3BMatthews%2C+S%3BMonini%2C+P%3BRimessi%2C+P%3BSosa%2C+C%3BWood%2C+Ch%3BStewart%2C+JA&rft.aulast=Pellett&rft.aufirst=PhE&rft.date=1999-05-01&rft.volume=37&rft.issue=5&rft.spage=1298&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+Clinical+Microbiology&rft.issn=00951137&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Human herpesvirus 8; DNA; Polymerase chain reaction; Semen ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Postsurgical Candida albicans infections associated with an extrinsically contaminated intravenous anesthetic agent AN - 17241799; 4526520 AB - From 16 to 30 April 1990, four of 364 (1%) postsurgical patients at one hospital developed Candida albicans fungemia or endophthalmitis. The case patients' surgeries were clustered on two days. To identify risk factors for C. albicans infections, we conducted a cohort study comparing these 4 patients with 67 control patients who had surgeries on the same days but did not acquire C. albicans infections. The participation of anesthesiologist 9 (relative risk [RR], undefined; P < 0.001) and receipt of intravenous propofol, an anesthetic agent without preservative, which was administered by an infusion pump (RR, 8.8; P = 0.048) were identified as risk factors for C. albicans infections. The anesthetic had been recently introduced in the hospital. Hand cultures of 8 of 14 (57%) anesthesiologists were positive for Candida species; one yielded C. albicans. Anesthesiologist 9 was the only one to use stored syringes of propofol in the infusion pump and to reuse propofol syringes. DNA fingerprinting with a digoxigenin-labeled C. albicans repetitive element 2 probe and electrophoretic karyotyping showed two distinct banding patterns among patient isolates. We hypothesize that extrinsic contamination of propofol by anesthesiologist 9 likely resulted in C. albicans infections. These data suggest that strict aseptic techniques must be used when preparing and administering propofol. JF - Journal of Clinical Microbiology AU - McNeil, M M AU - Lasker, BA AU - Lott, T J AU - Jarvis, W R AD - Division of Bacterial and Mycotic Diseases, National Center for Infectious Diseases, Mailstop C-23, CDC, Atlanta, GA 30333, USA, mmm2@cdc.gov Y1 - 1999/05// PY - 1999 DA - May 1999 SP - 1398 EP - 1403 VL - 37 IS - 5 SN - 0095-1137, 0095-1137 KW - Propofol KW - infection KW - man KW - Microbiology Abstracts A: Industrial & Applied Microbiology; Microbiology Abstracts C: Algology, Mycology & Protozoology KW - Contamination KW - Endophthalmitis KW - Anesthetics KW - Candida albicans KW - DNA fingerprinting KW - Surgery KW - Nosocomial infection KW - Fungemia KW - K 03087:Fungi: human KW - A 01103:General UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/17241799?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologya&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Clinical+Microbiology&rft.atitle=Postsurgical+Candida+albicans+infections+associated+with+an+extrinsically+contaminated+intravenous+anesthetic+agent&rft.au=McNeil%2C+M+M%3BLasker%2C+BA%3BLott%2C+T+J%3BJarvis%2C+W+R&rft.aulast=McNeil&rft.aufirst=M&rft.date=1999-05-01&rft.volume=37&rft.issue=5&rft.spage=1398&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+Clinical+Microbiology&rft.issn=00951137&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Candida albicans; Fungemia; DNA fingerprinting; Nosocomial infection; Contamination; Endophthalmitis; Anesthetics; Surgery ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Childhood work-related agricultural fatalities--Minnesota, 1994-1997. AN - 69816214; 10366142 AB - Agriculture is one of the most hazardous industries in the United States, with the second highest work-related fatality rate during 1992-1996 (21.9 deaths per 100,000 workers). During 1992-1995, 155 deaths were reported among agricultural workers aged < or =19 years; 64 (41%) of these youths were working in their family's business . In Minnesota during 1992-1996, agriculture had the highest fatality rate of any industry (21.3 per 100,000 workers). To characterize agriculture work-related deaths among youths in Minnesota during 1994-1997, the Minnesota Department of Health (MDH) analyzed data from the state's Fatality Assessment and Control Evaluation (FACE) program. This report presents five cases of agriculture work-related fatalities among youths in Minnesota. JF - MMWR. Morbidity and mortality weekly report AU - Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) AD - Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) Y1 - 1999/04/30/ PY - 1999 DA - 1999 Apr 30 SP - 332 EP - 335 VL - 48 IS - 16 SN - 0149-2195, 0149-2195 KW - Index Medicus KW - Humans KW - Child KW - Adolescent KW - Minnesota -- epidemiology KW - Male KW - Agriculture -- statistics & numerical data KW - Accidents, Occupational -- mortality UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/69816214?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=MMWR.+Morbidity+and+mortality+weekly+report&rft.atitle=Childhood+work-related+agricultural+fatalities--Minnesota%2C+1994-1997.&rft.au=Centers+for+Disease+Control+and+Prevention+%28CDC%29&rft.aulast=Centers+for+Disease+Control+and+Prevention+%28CDC%29&rft.aufirst=&rft.date=1999-04-30&rft.volume=48&rft.issue=16&rft.spage=332&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=MMWR.+Morbidity+and+mortality+weekly+report&rft.issn=01492195&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1999-06-15 N1 - Date created - 1999-06-15 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Update: outbreak of Nipah virus--Malaysia and Singapore, 1999. AN - 69815435; 10366143 AB - During March 1999, health officials in Malaysia and Singapore, in collaboration with Australian researchers and CDC, investigated reports of febrile encephalitic and respiratory illnesses among workers who had exposure to pigs. A previously unrecognized paramyxovirus (formerly known as Hendra-like virus), now called Nipah virus, was implicated by laboratory testing in many of these cases. Febrile encephalitis continues to be reported in Malaysia but has decreased coincident with mass culling of pigs in outbreak areas. No new cases of febrile illness associated with Nipah virus infection have been identified in Singapore since March 19, 1999, when abattoirs were closed. This report summarizes interim findings from ongoing epidemiologic and laboratory investigations in Malaysia and Singapore. JF - MMWR. Morbidity and mortality weekly report AU - Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) AD - Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) Y1 - 1999/04/30/ PY - 1999 DA - 1999 Apr 30 SP - 335 EP - 337 VL - 48 IS - 16 SN - 0149-2195, 0149-2195 KW - Index Medicus KW - Swine KW - Occupational Exposure KW - Fever KW - Animals KW - Swine Diseases -- transmission KW - Malaysia -- epidemiology KW - Abattoirs KW - Singapore -- epidemiology KW - Humans KW - Animal Husbandry KW - Swine Diseases -- virology KW - Respirovirus Infections -- veterinary KW - Respirovirus -- isolation & purification KW - Encephalitis, Viral -- epidemiology KW - Respirovirus Infections -- transmission KW - Disease Outbreaks KW - Respirovirus Infections -- epidemiology KW - Encephalitis, Viral -- etiology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/69815435?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=MMWR.+Morbidity+and+mortality+weekly+report&rft.atitle=Update%3A+outbreak+of+Nipah+virus--Malaysia+and+Singapore%2C+1999.&rft.au=Centers+for+Disease+Control+and+Prevention+%28CDC%29&rft.aulast=Centers+for+Disease+Control+and+Prevention+%28CDC%29&rft.aufirst=&rft.date=1999-04-30&rft.volume=48&rft.issue=16&rft.spage=335&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=MMWR.+Morbidity+and+mortality+weekly+report&rft.issn=01492195&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1999-06-15 N1 - Date created - 1999-06-15 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Back pain among persons working on small or family farms--eight Colorado counties, 1993-1996. AN - 69730146; 10227797 AB - In the United States, work-related back pain often results in lost wages, reduced productivity, and increased medical costs. However, national surveillance data about these injuries, such as occupationally acquired back pain among workers on small or family farms, are limited. To characterize back pain in a farming population, researchers at Colorado State University interviewed adult farmers residing in eight northeastern Colorado counties (Larimer, Logan, Morgan, Phillips, Sedgewick, Washington, Weld, and Yuma) during 1993-1996, using the Colorado Farm Family Health and Hazard Survey (CFFHHS). This report summarizes the findings of CFFHHS, which indicate that back pain is common among farmers and most frequently attributed to repeated activities (RAs) (e.g. lifting, pushing, pulling, bending, twisting, and reaching). JF - MMWR. Morbidity and mortality weekly report AU - Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) AD - Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) Y1 - 1999/04/23/ PY - 1999 DA - 1999 Apr 23 SP - 301 EP - 304 VL - 48 IS - 15 SN - 0149-2195, 0149-2195 KW - Index Medicus KW - Risk Factors KW - Humans KW - Adult KW - Aged KW - Middle Aged KW - Colorado -- epidemiology KW - Male KW - Female KW - Back Pain -- epidemiology KW - Agriculture KW - Occupational Diseases -- epidemiology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/69730146?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=MMWR.+Morbidity+and+mortality+weekly+report&rft.atitle=Back+pain+among+persons+working+on+small+or+family+farms--eight+Colorado+counties%2C+1993-1996.&rft.au=Centers+for+Disease+Control+and+Prevention+%28CDC%29&rft.aulast=Centers+for+Disease+Control+and+Prevention+%28CDC%29&rft.aufirst=&rft.date=1999-04-23&rft.volume=48&rft.issue=15&rft.spage=301&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=MMWR.+Morbidity+and+mortality+weekly+report&rft.issn=01492195&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1999-05-04 N1 - Date created - 1999-05-04 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Outbreaks of Shigella sonnei infection associated with eating fresh parsley--United States and Canada, July-August 1998. AN - 69731765; 10227795 AB - In August 1998, the Minnesota Department of Health reported to CDC two restaurant-associated outbreaks of Shigella sonnei infections. Isolates from both outbreaks had two closely related pulsed-field gel electrophoresis (PFGE) patterns that differed only by a single band. Epidemiologic investigations implicated chopped, uncooked, curly parsley as the common vehicle for these outbreaks. Through inquiries to health departments and public health laboratories, six similar outbreaks were identified during July-August (in California [two], Massachusetts, and Florida in the United States and in Ontario and Alberta in Canada). Isolates from five of these outbreaks had the same PFGE pattern identified in the two outbreaks in Minnesota. This report describes the epidemiologic, traceback, environmental, and laboratory investigations, which implicated parsley imported from a farm in Mexico as the source of these outbreaks. JF - MMWR. Morbidity and mortality weekly report AU - Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) AD - Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) Y1 - 1999/04/16/ PY - 1999 DA - 1999 Apr 16 SP - 285 EP - 289 VL - 48 IS - 14 SN - 0149-2195, 0149-2195 KW - Index Medicus KW - Canada -- epidemiology KW - Restaurants KW - Epidemiologic Methods KW - Humans KW - Food Handling KW - Massachusetts -- epidemiology KW - United States -- epidemiology KW - California -- epidemiology KW - Minnesota -- epidemiology KW - Foodborne Diseases -- epidemiology KW - Dysentery, Bacillary -- etiology KW - Shigella sonnei -- isolation & purification KW - Foodborne Diseases -- etiology KW - Apiaceae -- microbiology KW - Dysentery, Bacillary -- epidemiology KW - Disease Outbreaks UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/69731765?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=MMWR.+Morbidity+and+mortality+weekly+report&rft.atitle=Outbreaks+of+Shigella+sonnei+infection+associated+with+eating+fresh+parsley--United+States+and+Canada%2C+July-August+1998.&rft.au=Centers+for+Disease+Control+and+Prevention+%28CDC%29&rft.aulast=Centers+for+Disease+Control+and+Prevention+%28CDC%29&rft.aufirst=&rft.date=1999-04-16&rft.volume=48&rft.issue=14&rft.spage=285&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=MMWR.+Morbidity+and+mortality+weekly+report&rft.issn=01492195&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1999-05-04 N1 - Date created - 1999-05-04 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Chemical hair treatments and adverse pregnancy outcome among Black women in central North Carolina. AN - 69700475; 10206620 AB - Several studies suggest that toxic chemicals in hair products may be absorbed through the scalp in sufficient amounts to increase the risks of adverse health effects in women or their infants. This case-control study of 525 Black women from three counties in North Carolina who had delivered a singleton, liveborn infant examined whether exposure to chemicals used in hair straightening and curling increased the odds that the infant was preterm or low birth weight. Cases consisted of 188 preterm and 156 low birth weight births (for 123 women, their infant was both low birth weight and preterm). Controls were 304 women who delivered term and normal birth weight infants. Women who used a chemical hair straightener at any time during pregnancy or within 3 months prior to conception had an adjusted odds ratios (OR) of 0.7 (95% confidence interval (CI) 0.4-1.1) for preterm birth and 0.6 (95% CI 0.4-1.1) for low birth weight. Exposure to chemical curl products was also not associated with preterm delivery (adjusted OR = 0.9, 95% CI 0.5-1.8) or low birth weight (adjusted OR = 1.0, 95% CI 0.5-1.9). Despite this failure to find an association, continued search for risk factors to which Black women are uniquely exposed is warranted. JF - American journal of epidemiology AU - Blackmore-Prince, C AU - Harlow, S D AU - Gargiullo, P AU - Lee, M A AU - Savitz, D A AD - Division of Reproductive Health, National Center for Chronic Disease Prevention and Health Promotion, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA, USA. Y1 - 1999/04/15/ PY - 1999 DA - 1999 Apr 15 SP - 712 EP - 716 VL - 149 IS - 8 SN - 0002-9262, 0002-9262 KW - Hair Preparations KW - 0 KW - Index Medicus KW - Obstetric Labor, Premature -- epidemiology KW - Humans KW - Infant, Newborn KW - Obstetric Labor, Premature -- chemically induced KW - Fetal Growth Retardation -- ethnology KW - Pregnancy KW - Risk Factors KW - Fetal Growth Retardation -- epidemiology KW - North Carolina KW - Fetal Growth Retardation -- chemically induced KW - Obstetric Labor, Premature -- ethnology KW - Female KW - Male KW - Hair Preparations -- adverse effects KW - Abnormalities, Drug-Induced -- epidemiology KW - Abnormalities, Drug-Induced -- etiology KW - African Continental Ancestry Group KW - Abnormalities, Drug-Induced -- ethnology KW - Pregnancy Outcome UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/69700475?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=American+journal+of+epidemiology&rft.atitle=Chemical+hair+treatments+and+adverse+pregnancy+outcome+among+Black+women+in+central+North+Carolina.&rft.au=Blackmore-Prince%2C+C%3BHarlow%2C+S+D%3BGargiullo%2C+P%3BLee%2C+M+A%3BSavitz%2C+D+A&rft.aulast=Blackmore-Prince&rft.aufirst=C&rft.date=1999-04-15&rft.volume=149&rft.issue=8&rft.spage=712&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=American+journal+of+epidemiology&rft.issn=00029262&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1999-04-26 N1 - Date created - 1999-04-26 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Aldicarb as a cause of food poisoning--Louisiana, 1998. AN - 69731528; 10227801 AB - Cholinesterase-inhibiting pesticides (i.e., organic phosphates and carbamates), widely used in agriculture, can cause illness if they contaminate food or drinking water. Aldicarb, a regulated carbamate pesticide, is highly toxic, and the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) requires applicators to be trained and certified. This report describes a foodborne outbreak of aldicarb poisoning that occurred when improperly stored and labeled aldicarb was used mistakenly in food preparation. JF - MMWR. Morbidity and mortality weekly report AU - Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) AD - Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) Y1 - 1999/04/09/ PY - 1999 DA - 1999 Apr 09 SP - 269 EP - 271 VL - 48 IS - 13 SN - 0149-2195, 0149-2195 KW - Insecticides KW - 0 KW - Aldicarb KW - 8V071SH05P KW - Index Medicus KW - Humans KW - Disease Outbreaks KW - Louisiana -- epidemiology KW - Insecticides -- poisoning KW - Foodborne Diseases -- epidemiology KW - Food Contamination KW - Aldicarb -- poisoning UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/69731528?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=MMWR.+Morbidity+and+mortality+weekly+report&rft.atitle=Aldicarb+as+a+cause+of+food+poisoning--Louisiana%2C+1998.&rft.au=Centers+for+Disease+Control+and+Prevention+%28CDC%29&rft.aulast=Centers+for+Disease+Control+and+Prevention+%28CDC%29&rft.aufirst=&rft.date=1999-04-09&rft.volume=48&rft.issue=13&rft.spage=269&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=MMWR.+Morbidity+and+mortality+weekly+report&rft.issn=01492195&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1999-05-04 N1 - Date created - 1999-05-04 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Outbreak of Hendra-like virus--Malaysia and Singapore, 1998-1999. AN - 69730836; 10227800 AB - During September 29, 1998-April 4, 1999, 229 cases of febrile encephalitis (111 [48%] fatal) were reported to the Malaysian Ministry of Health (MOH). During March 13-19, 1999, nine cases of similar encephalitic illnesses (one fatal) and two cases of respiratory illness occurred among abattoir workers in Singapore. Tissue culture isolation identified a previously unknown infectious agent from ill patients. This report summarizes the preliminary epidemiologic and laboratory investigations of these cases, which indicate that a previously unrecognized paramyxovirus related to, but distinct from, the Australian Hendra virus is associated with this outbreak. JF - MMWR. Morbidity and mortality weekly report AU - Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) AD - Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) Y1 - 1999/04/09/ PY - 1999 DA - 1999 Apr 09 SP - 265 EP - 269 VL - 48 IS - 13 SN - 0149-2195, 0149-2195 KW - Index Medicus KW - Swine KW - Animals KW - Swine Diseases -- transmission KW - Malaysia -- epidemiology KW - Abattoirs KW - Singapore -- epidemiology KW - Humans KW - Middle Aged KW - Cluster Analysis KW - Male KW - Occupational Diseases -- diagnosis KW - Respirovirus Infections -- veterinary KW - Encephalitis, Viral -- veterinary KW - Encephalitis, Viral -- epidemiology KW - Encephalitis, Viral -- diagnosis KW - Respirovirus Infections -- transmission KW - Disease Outbreaks KW - Respirovirus Infections -- diagnosis KW - Encephalitis, Viral -- transmission KW - Respirovirus -- isolation & purification KW - Respirovirus -- immunology KW - Animal Husbandry KW - Occupational Diseases -- epidemiology KW - Respirovirus Infections -- epidemiology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/69730836?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=MMWR.+Morbidity+and+mortality+weekly+report&rft.atitle=Outbreak+of+Hendra-like+virus--Malaysia+and+Singapore%2C+1998-1999.&rft.au=Centers+for+Disease+Control+and+Prevention+%28CDC%29&rft.aulast=Centers+for+Disease+Control+and+Prevention+%28CDC%29&rft.aufirst=&rft.date=1999-04-09&rft.volume=48&rft.issue=13&rft.spage=265&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=MMWR.+Morbidity+and+mortality+weekly+report&rft.issn=01492195&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1999-05-04 N1 - Date created - 1999-05-04 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - SuppNotes - Erratum In: MMWR Morb Mortal Wkly Rep 1999 Apr 30;48(16):339 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Tobacco use among middle and high school students--Florida, 1998 and 1999. AN - 69715324; 10220252 AB - Tobacco use is the single leading preventable cause of death in the United States, and an estimated $2 billion is spent annually in Florida to treat disease caused by smoking. Florida appropriated $23 million in fiscal year 1997 and $70 million in fiscal year 1998 to fund the Florida Pilot Program on Tobacco Control to prevent and reduce tobacco use among Florida youth. To determine the prevalence of cigarette, cigar, and smokeless tobacco (i.e., chewing tobacco and snuff) use among Florida middle and high school students in public schools, the Florida Department of Health conducted the Florida Youth Tobacco Survey (FYTS) in February 1998 and February 1999. The purpose of these surveys was to establish baseline parameters and monitor the progress of the pilot program, which began in April 1998. This report summarizes advance data from the surveys, which indicate that, from 1998 to 1999, the percentage of Florida public middle and high school students who smoked cigarettes decreased significantly and that the percentage of middle school students who smoked cigars and used smokeless tobacco products decreased significantly. JF - MMWR. Morbidity and mortality weekly report AU - Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) AD - Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) Y1 - 1999/04/02/ PY - 1999 DA - 1999 Apr 02 SP - 248 EP - 253 VL - 48 IS - 12 SN - 0149-2195, 0149-2195 KW - Tobacco Smoke Pollution KW - 0 KW - Index Medicus KW - Plants, Toxic KW - Humans KW - Data Collection KW - Child KW - Students KW - Adolescent KW - Male KW - Female KW - Tobacco, Smokeless KW - Florida -- epidemiology KW - Smoking -- epidemiology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/69715324?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=MMWR.+Morbidity+and+mortality+weekly+report&rft.atitle=Tobacco+use+among+middle+and+high+school+students--Florida%2C+1998+and+1999.&rft.au=Centers+for+Disease+Control+and+Prevention+%28CDC%29&rft.aulast=Centers+for+Disease+Control+and+Prevention+%28CDC%29&rft.aufirst=&rft.date=1999-04-02&rft.volume=48&rft.issue=12&rft.spage=248&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=MMWR.+Morbidity+and+mortality+weekly+report&rft.issn=01492195&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1999-04-29 N1 - Date created - 1999-04-29 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - The prevalence of disability from chronic conditions due to injury among adults ages 18-69 years: United States, 1994. AN - 85297094; pmid-10390085 AB - PURPOSE: To describe the causes and determine the prevalence of disability from chronic conditions due to injury among US civilian non-institutionalized persons aged 18-69 years. METHODS: Data from the National Health Interview Survey Disability (NHIS-D) Supplement Phase I, United States 1994 were analysed and six disability categories were examined: activities of daily living (ADL), instrumental activities of daily living (IADL), functional activities (FA), sight, hearing, and communication. RESULTS: In 1994, 5.6 million persons aged 18-69 years reported a disability because of a chronic condition that was caused by injury. The prevalence of ADL disability due to chronic conditions caused by injury was 370 per 100000 population; IADL disability was 1256; FA disability was 2512; sight was 231; hearing was 339; and communication was 91 per 100000 population. Fifty per cent of ADL, IADL, and FA disabilities were attributed to motor vehicle crashes and falls, as were 31% of sight, 19% of hearing, and 23% of communication disabilities. CONCLUSIONS: Though these estimates may be conservative, this study indicates that injury is a major cause of disability in addition to a leading cause of death in the US. JF - Disability and rehabilitation AU - Guerrero, J L AU - Sniezek, J E AU - Sehgal, M AD - Division of Acute Care, Rehabilitation and Disability Prevention, CDC National Center for Injury Prevention and Control MS-F41, Atlanta, GA 30341-3724, USA. Y1 - 1999/04// PY - 1999 DA - April 1999 SP - 187 EP - 192 VL - 21 IS - 4 SN - 0963-8288, 0963-8288 KW - Index Medicus KW - National Library of Medicine KW - Wounds and Injuries -- epidemiology KW - Humans KW - Adult KW - Aged KW - Middle Aged KW - Chronic Disease -- epidemiology KW - Adolescent KW - Wounds and Injuries -- complications KW - United States -- epidemiology KW - Male KW - Female KW - Cause of Death KW - Prevalence KW - Disabled Persons -- statistics & numerical data UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/85297094?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Acomdisdome&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Disability+and+rehabilitation&rft.atitle=The+prevalence+of+disability+from+chronic+conditions+due+to+injury+among+adults+ages+18-69+years%3A+United+States%2C+1994.&rft.au=Guerrero%2C+J+L%3BSniezek%2C+J+E%3BSehgal%2C+M&rft.aulast=Guerrero&rft.aufirst=J&rft.date=1999-04-01&rft.volume=21&rft.issue=4&rft.spage=187&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Disability+and+rehabilitation&rft.issn=09638288&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ComDisDome N1 - Date revised - 2009-01-15 N1 - Last updated - 2010-05-07 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Evaluation of diabetes mellitus, serum glucose, and thyroid function among United States workers exposed to 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin. AN - 69967352; 10450245 AB - Some studies suggest that exposure to 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin (TCDD) may affect glucose metabolism and thyroid function. To further assess the relation between exposure to TCDD and endocrine function, data from the largest morbidity study of industrial workers exposed to TCDD were examined. A cross sectional study of workers employed > 15 years earlier in the manufacture of 2,4,5-trichlorophenol or one of its derivatives at two United States chemical plants was conducted. The referent group consisted of people with no occupational exposure to phenoxy herbicides and were recruited from the neighbourhoods where the workers lived. A total of 281 workers and 260 unexposed referents participated. The mean current serum lipid adjusted TCDD concentration among workers was 220 pg/g lipid, and among referents was 7 pg/g lipid (p 1500 pg/g lipid. After excluding subjects being treated for diabetes, workers in the group with the highest half life extrapolated TCDD concentrations had a significantly increased adjusted mean serum glucose concentration compared with referents (p = 0.03). Workers were also found to have a significantly higher adjusted mean free thyroxine index compared with referents (p = 0.02), especially among workers in the group with the highest half life extrapolated TCDD concentrations. However, no evidence was found that workers exposed to TCDD were at increased risk of thyroid disease. These findings provide modest evidence that exposure to TCDD may affect thyroid function and glucose metabolism. JF - Occupational and environmental medicine AU - Calvert, G M AU - Sweeney, M H AU - Deddens, J AU - Wall, D K AD - Division of Surveillance, Hazard Evaluations and Field Studies, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Cincinnati, Ohio 45226, USA. JAC6@CDC.GOV Y1 - 1999/04// PY - 1999 DA - April 1999 SP - 270 EP - 276 VL - 56 IS - 4 SN - 1351-0711, 1351-0711 KW - Blood Glucose KW - 0 KW - Environmental Pollutants KW - Polychlorinated Dibenzodioxins KW - Index Medicus KW - Cross-Sectional Studies KW - Thyroid Gland -- drug effects KW - Blood Glucose -- metabolism KW - Humans KW - Body Burden KW - Blood Glucose -- drug effects KW - Thyroid Gland -- physiopathology KW - Male KW - Female KW - Polychlorinated Dibenzodioxins -- adverse effects KW - Diabetes Mellitus -- chemically induced KW - Polychlorinated Dibenzodioxins -- blood KW - Occupational Diseases -- chemically induced KW - Environmental Pollutants -- blood KW - Environmental Pollutants -- adverse effects KW - Chemical Industry UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/69967352?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Occupational+and+environmental+medicine&rft.atitle=Evaluation+of+diabetes+mellitus%2C+serum+glucose%2C+and+thyroid+function+among+United+States+workers+exposed+to+2%2C3%2C7%2C8-tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin.&rft.au=Calvert%2C+G+M%3BSweeney%2C+M+H%3BDeddens%2C+J%3BWall%2C+D+K&rft.aulast=Calvert&rft.aufirst=G&rft.date=1999-04-01&rft.volume=56&rft.issue=4&rft.spage=270&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Occupational+and+environmental+medicine&rft.issn=13510711&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1999-08-26 N1 - Date created - 1999-08-26 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - SuppNotes - Cited By: JAMA. 1984 May 11;251(18):2372-80 [6231388] Diabetes. 1987 Apr;36(4):523-34 [3817306] J Occup Med. 1987 May;29(5):422-9 [2439670] Anal Chem. 1987 Aug 1;59(15):2000-5 [3631519] JAMA. 1990 Mar 16;263(11):1529-32 [2308185] Occup Environ Med. 1998 Feb;55(2):126-31 [9614398] Am J Epidemiol. 1993 Nov 15;138(10):826-39 [8237971] Occup Environ Med. 1994 Jul;51(7):479-86 [8044248] Chemosphere. 1994 Nov-Dec;29(9-11):2423-37 [7850391] Epidemiology. 1997 May;8(3):252-8 [9115019] Am J Epidemiol. 1992 Oct 1;136(7):855-62 [1442751] N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Research management in the Great Lakes and St. Lawrence River basins: challenges and opportunities. AN - 69652874; 10092446 AB - Research management in the Great Lakes and St. Lawrence River basins is both challenging and filled with opportunities. From the perspective of public health practice, research management is more than just research managers managing discrete programs; it requires everyone involved in the process to become active participants, including researchers, communities, potential interest groups, policymakers, and other stakeholders. Agencies, organizations, and individuals responsible for managing research and resources in the Great Lakes and St. Lawrence River basins are facing problems of decreased research funding, data gaps, and research quality. Managers of research and resources in the basins face many challenges as they address these problems. They are challenged with strengthening the link between research and management in the face of decreasing resources and increasing expectations of results and findings while extending those results and findings to public health practice. A number of actions and activities have been proposed that can lead to better management of constrained programs, pooled resources, partnerships, targeted priorities, and improved effectiveness. With guidance and assistance from the International Joint Commission (IJC), research managers in the Great Lakes and St. Lawrence River basins who have initiated and maintained traditional research programs based on sound science are now adopting different and innovative management strategies. The research community must be proactive in articulating the role of science in bridging the gaps in knowledge between public health practice and regulatory programs. Supported by a firm foundation of credible science, critical assessment, and public service, basin research managers are recognizing the need to move outside the comfort zone and extend to areas previously unwelcomed or uncomfortable. Copyright 1999 Academic Press. JF - Environmental research AU - De Rosa, C T AU - Rosemond, Z A AU - Cibulas, W AU - Gilman, A P AD - Agency for Toxic Substances and Disease Registry, U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, Atlanta, Georgia 30333, USA. CYD0@cdc.gov Y1 - 1999/04// PY - 1999 DA - April 1999 SP - 274 EP - 279 VL - 80 IS - 3 SN - 0013-9351, 0013-9351 KW - Index Medicus KW - International Cooperation KW - Canada KW - Great Lakes Region KW - Risk Assessment KW - Ecosystem KW - Research -- economics KW - Public Health -- trends KW - Research -- trends UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/69652874?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Environmental+research&rft.atitle=Research+management+in+the+Great+Lakes+and+St.+Lawrence+River+basins%3A+challenges+and+opportunities.&rft.au=De+Rosa%2C+C+T%3BRosemond%2C+Z+A%3BCibulas%2C+W%3BGilman%2C+A+P&rft.aulast=De+Rosa&rft.aufirst=C&rft.date=1999-04-01&rft.volume=80&rft.issue=3&rft.spage=274&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Environmental+research&rft.issn=00139351&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1999-04-20 N1 - Date created - 1999-04-20 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Use of molecular subtyping to document long-term persistence of Corynebacterium diphtheriae in South Dakota. AN - 69622701; 10074531 AB - Enhanced surveillance of patients with upper respiratory symptoms in a Northern Plains community revealed that approximately 4% of them were infected by toxigenic Corynebacterium diphtheriae of both mitis and gravis biotypes, showing that the organism is still circulating in the United States. Toxigenic C. diphtheriae was isolated from five members of four households. Four molecular subtyping methods-ribotyping, multilocus enzyme electrophoresis (MEE), random amplified polymorphic DNA (RAPD), and single-strand conformation polymorphism-were used to molecularly characterize these strains and compare them to 17 archival South Dakota strains dating back to 1973 through 1983 and to 5 isolates collected from residents of diverse regions of the United States. Ribotyping and RAPD clearly demonstrated the household transmission of isolates and provided precise information on the circulation of several distinct strains within three households. By MEE, most recent and archival South Dakota strains were identified as closely related and clustered within the newly identified ET (electrophoretic type) 215 complex. Furthermore, three recent South Dakota isolates and eight archival South Dakota isolates were indistinguishable by both ribotyping and RAPD. All of these molecular methods showed that recent South Dakota isolates and archival South Dakota isolates were more closely related to each other than to the C. diphtheriae strains isolated in other parts of the United States or worldwide. The data also supported the improbability of importation of C. diphtheriae into this area and rather strongly suggest the long-term persistence of the organism in this region. JF - Journal of clinical microbiology AU - Popovic, T AU - Kim, C AU - Reiss, J AU - Reeves, M AU - Nakao, H AU - Golaz, A AD - Meningitis and Special Pathogens Branch, Division of Bacterial and Mycotic Diseases, National Center for Infectious Diseases, Centers for Disease Control, Public Health Service, U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, Atlanta, GA, USA. TXP1@CDC.GOV Y1 - 1999/04// PY - 1999 DA - April 1999 SP - 1092 EP - 1099 VL - 37 IS - 4 SN - 0095-1137, 0095-1137 KW - DNA, Bacterial KW - 0 KW - Index Medicus KW - Molecular Epidemiology KW - Humans KW - DNA, Bacterial -- isolation & purification KW - DNA, Bacterial -- genetics KW - South Dakota -- epidemiology KW - Middle Aged KW - Random Amplified Polymorphic DNA Technique KW - Bacterial Typing Techniques KW - Species Specificity KW - Female KW - Diphtheria -- microbiology KW - Diphtheria -- epidemiology KW - Corynebacterium diphtheriae -- genetics KW - Corynebacterium diphtheriae -- classification KW - Corynebacterium diphtheriae -- isolation & purification UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/69622701?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+clinical+microbiology&rft.atitle=Use+of+molecular+subtyping+to+document+long-term+persistence+of+Corynebacterium+diphtheriae+in+South+Dakota.&rft.au=Popovic%2C+T%3BKim%2C+C%3BReiss%2C+J%3BReeves%2C+M%3BNakao%2C+H%3BGolaz%2C+A&rft.aulast=Popovic&rft.aufirst=T&rft.date=1999-04-01&rft.volume=37&rft.issue=4&rft.spage=1092&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+clinical+microbiology&rft.issn=00951137&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1999-04-19 N1 - Date created - 1999-04-19 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - SuppNotes - Cited By: Infect Immun. 1983 Oct;42(1):48-56 [6311753] Am J Public Health. 1985 Dec;75(12):1393-7 [4061710] Appl Environ Microbiol. 1986 May;51(5):873-84 [2425735] J Infect Dis. 1995 Apr;171(4):765-7 [7706801] J Clin Microbiol. 1995 May;33(5):1080-3 [7615709] J Clin Microbiol. 1995 Nov;33(11):3061-3 [8576378] Res Microbiol. 1997 Nov;148(8):649-59 [9765850] J Clin Microbiol. 1996 Jul;34(7):1711-6 [8784575] J Infect Dis. 1996 Nov;174(5):1064-72 [8896510] Microb Pathog. 1997 Jun;22(6):343-51 [9188089] MMWR Morb Mortal Wkly Rep. 1997 Jun 6;46(22):506-10 [9194403] Am J Public Health. 1998 May;88(5):787-91 [9585746] Lancet. 1996 Jun 22;347(9017):1739-44 [8656909] N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Use of Protease Inhibitors among Persons with AIDS in Los Angeles County AN - 61619151; 199905243 AB - Evaluates the access to, & factors associated with, protease inhibitor use among persons with AIDS (acquired immune deficiency syndrome) in Los Angeles County, CA, using interview data collected 1996/97 from 339 adult persons with AIDS. Logistic regression was employed for multivariate analysis. Over the 12-month study period, 61.7% of persons interviewed reported that their physician had prescribed a protease inhibitor for their therapy. Findings suggest that substantial differences exist in the prescribing & use of protease inhibitors. Several factors, including facility of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) care, calendar time, income, education level, & level of immunosuppression, were independently associated with protease inhibitor use & suggest the existence of important barriers to access. Efforts should be made to identify & remove barriers that will ensure the widest possible access to protease inhibitors for patients with a clinical indication for their use. 2 Tables, 1 Figure, 29 References. Adapted from the source document. JF - AIDS Care AU - Sorvillo, Frank AU - Kerndt, P AU - Odem, S AU - Castillon, M AU - Carruth, A AU - Contreras, R AD - Dept of Health Services, HIV Epidemiology Program, 600 S. Commonwealth, Suite 805, Los Angeles, CA 90005 tel/fax: 213-351-8767/487-4683 Y1 - 1999/04// PY - 1999 DA - April 1999 SP - 147 EP - 155 VL - 11 IS - 2 SN - 0954-0121, 0954-0121 KW - Los Angeles, California KW - Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndrome KW - Medications KW - Health Care Utilization KW - Treatment Methods KW - article KW - 6126: social welfare UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/61619151?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Asocialservices&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=AIDS+Care&rft.atitle=Use+of+Protease+Inhibitors+among+Persons+with+AIDS+in+Los+Angeles+County&rft.au=Sorvillo%2C+Frank%3BKerndt%2C+P%3BOdem%2C+S%3BCastillon%2C+M%3BCarruth%2C+A%3BContreras%2C+R&rft.aulast=Sorvillo&rft.aufirst=Frank&rft.date=1999-04-01&rft.volume=11&rft.issue=2&rft.spage=147&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=AIDS+Care&rft.issn=09540121&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - Social Services Abstracts N1 - Date revised - 2007-05-01 N1 - Last updated - 2016-09-28 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndrome; Treatment Methods; Medications; Los Angeles, California; Health Care Utilization ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Promoting Rural Community Development in Africa: States versus Grassroots Organizations AN - 60097754; 200001507 AB - Centralization of administrative decision making & political power constrains community development in African states. The relative absence of individual autonomy, as well as restrictions on entrepreneurship & participation at the local level, create conditions under which an institutional framework supporting voluntary grassroots organizations can develop in communities. Data from the literature, particularly on rural development programs, are used to demonstrate the effectiveness of such organizations in promoting the development of rural communities in sub-Saharan Africa. 2 Figures, 115 References. Adapted from the source document. JF - Journal of Social, Political and Economic Studies AU - Ndiaye, Serigne M AD - Community Outreach & Planning Branch, National Immunization Program, Centers Disease Control & Prevention, Atlanta, GA Scn3@cdc.gov Y1 - 1999/04// PY - 1999 DA - April 1999 SP - 65 EP - 91 VL - 24 IS - 1 SN - 0278-839X, 0278-839X KW - Development Programs KW - Rural Development KW - Sub Saharan Africa KW - Community Development KW - Africa KW - Community Involvement KW - Development Strategies KW - Centralization KW - Nongovernmental Organizations KW - article KW - 1116: rural sociology and agriculture; rural sociology (village, agriculture) KW - 2317: community/regional development; sociology of communities & regions UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/60097754?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Asocabs&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Social%2C+Political+and+Economic+Studies&rft.atitle=Promoting+Rural+Community+Development+in+Africa%3A+States+versus+Grassroots+Organizations&rft.au=Ndiaye%2C+Serigne+M&rft.aulast=Ndiaye&rft.aufirst=Serigne&rft.date=1999-04-01&rft.volume=24&rft.issue=1&rft.spage=65&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+Social%2C+Political+and+Economic+Studies&rft.issn=0278839X&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - Sociological Abstracts N1 - Date revised - 2007-10-30 N1 - Last updated - 2016-09-28 N1 - CODEN - JPSDD2 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Rural Development; Community Development; Africa; Nongovernmental Organizations; Centralization; Development Programs; Development Strategies; Community Involvement; Sub Saharan Africa ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Feasibility of a Preventive HIV-1 Vaccine Cohort Among Persons Attending Sexually Transmitted Disease Clinics in Thailand AN - 17576469; 4610866 AB - Persons attending sexually transmitted disease clinics at three sites in Thailand were recruited to participate in a 1-year study of HIV-1 incidence. Between September 1995 and February 1996, 31% (371 of 1205) of eligible men and 24% (161 of 659) of eligible women agreed to participate. At enrollment, HIV-1 seropositivity was 3.8% among men and 2.5% among women. Follow-up of the 514 participants who were seronegative at baseline was 78% at the 12-month visit. During the study period, 53% of men reported 2 or more sexual partners, 31% reported sex with a commercial sex worker (CSW), and 33% with a casual partner. Of those visiting CSWs, 72% reported consistent condom use. Among women, 11% reported 2 or more sexual partners. Decreased HIV risk behaviors among men were observed during the study. Four incident infections occurred in men (1.4/100 person-years, 95% confidence interval [CI] = 0.4-3.6) and none among women. Based on the observed HIV-1 incidence, HIV vaccine efficacy trials in such populations would have to be larger than previously planned or more selective of high risk subgroups for recruitment. JF - Journal of Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndromes and Human Retrovirology AU - Markowitz, LE AU - Sirisopana, N AU - Charonwatanachokchai, A AU - Julvanichpong, W AU - Siraprapasiri, T AU - Palanuvej, T AU - Siriwongrangsun, P AU - Tungsakul, V AU - Pumratana, K AU - Chitwarakorn, A AU - Michael, R A AU - Brown, A E AD - Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, 1600 Clifton Road, MS E-02, Atlanta, GA 30333, USA, lem2@cdc.gov Y1 - 1999/04// PY - 1999 DA - Apr 1999 SP - 488 EP - 494 VL - 20 IS - 5 SN - 1077-9450, 1077-9450 KW - HIV-1 KW - Thailand KW - infectious diseases KW - sexual behavior KW - sexually transmitted diseases KW - vaccines KW - Health & Safety Science Abstracts; Virology & AIDS Abstracts KW - Sexually-transmitted diseases KW - Health care KW - Human immunodeficiency virus KW - Human immunodeficiency virus 1 KW - Vaccines KW - Sexual behavior KW - H 11000:Diseases/Injuries/Trauma KW - V 22004:AIDS: Clinical aspects UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/17576469?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Ahealthsafetyabstracts&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Acquired+Immune+Deficiency+Syndromes+and+Human+Retrovirology&rft.atitle=Feasibility+of+a+Preventive+HIV-1+Vaccine+Cohort+Among+Persons+Attending+Sexually+Transmitted+Disease+Clinics+in+Thailand&rft.au=Markowitz%2C+LE%3BSirisopana%2C+N%3BCharonwatanachokchai%2C+A%3BJulvanichpong%2C+W%3BSiraprapasiri%2C+T%3BPalanuvej%2C+T%3BSiriwongrangsun%2C+P%3BTungsakul%2C+V%3BPumratana%2C+K%3BChitwarakorn%2C+A%3BMichael%2C+R+A%3BBrown%2C+A+E&rft.aulast=Markowitz&rft.aufirst=LE&rft.date=1999-04-01&rft.volume=20&rft.issue=5&rft.spage=488&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+Acquired+Immune+Deficiency+Syndromes+and+Human+Retrovirology&rft.issn=10779450&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Human immunodeficiency virus 1; Thailand; Human immunodeficiency virus; Health care; Sexual behavior; Sexually-transmitted diseases; Vaccines ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Experimental infection of cotton rats with three naturally occurring Bartonella species AN - 17427235; 4650218 AB - The kinetics of infection and humoral immune response of laboratory-bred cotton rats (Sigmodon hispidus) challenged with three Bartonella spp. recovered from the blood of naturally infected cotton rats captured in Georgia (USA) are described. Bartonella spp. infection, as determined by bacteremia, occurred in all 18 cotton rats inoculated with live Bartonella of each species at either a low dose, 10 super(3) colony-forming units (CFU's), or high dose, 10 super(7) CFU. Cotton rats inoculated with lower doses of Bartonella spp. developed higher bacteremia that persisted for longer periods than in those inoculated with high doses. Peak bacteremia varied among Bartonella spp, ranging from 10 super(4) to 10 super(6) CFUs per 1.0 ml of blood. Antibody measured by immunofluorescence assays using species-specific antigens indicated more rapidly rising and higher antibody titers in cotton rats challenged with high doses vs. low doses and with inactivated bacteria vs. live bacteria. Each group of rats produced high IgG titers to the homologous challenge antigen; low or unmeasurable cross-reactivity was detected to heterologous Bartonella antigens. Exposure of cotton rats to a specific Bartonella sp. resulted in protection, as measured by detectable bacteremia, in eight of nine animals challenged with the same Bartonella sp. used initially; no evidence of resistance to secondary challenge with different Bartonella spp. was obtained. Cross-protection between Bartonella spp., isolated from the same rodent species, may not occur. JF - Journal of Wildlife Diseases AU - Kosoy, MY AU - Regnery, R L AU - Kosaya, OI AU - Childs, JE AD - Division of Viral and Rickettsial Diseases, National Center for Infectious Diseases, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia 30333, USA, mck3@cdc.gov Y1 - 1999/04// PY - 1999 DA - Apr 1999 SP - 275 EP - 284 VL - 35 IS - 2 SN - 0090-3558, 0090-3558 KW - infection KW - Hispid cotton rat KW - USA, Georgia KW - Microbiology Abstracts B: Bacteriology KW - Antigens KW - Bartonella KW - Wildlife KW - Immunoglobulin G KW - Bacteremia KW - Sigmodon hispidus KW - Immune response KW - J 02862:Infection UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/17427235?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologyb&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Wildlife+Diseases&rft.atitle=Experimental+infection+of+cotton+rats+with+three+naturally+occurring+Bartonella+species&rft.au=Kosoy%2C+MY%3BRegnery%2C+R+L%3BKosaya%2C+OI%3BChilds%2C+JE&rft.aulast=Kosoy&rft.aufirst=MY&rft.date=1999-04-01&rft.volume=35&rft.issue=2&rft.spage=275&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+Wildlife+Diseases&rft.issn=00903558&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Bartonella; Sigmodon hispidus; Bacteremia; Antigens; Immunoglobulin G; Immune response; Wildlife ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Tuberculosis screening in private physicians' offices, Pennsylvania, 1996 AN - 17395833; 4613106 AB - Objective: To assess tuberculin skin testing practices of physicians after community-wide screening of 1400 children exposed to a pediatrician with active tuberculosis (TB). Design: A self-administered questionnaire. Setting: Medium-sized city in eastern Pennsylvania. Participants: Pediatricians and family practitioners seeing pediatric patients. Main Outcome Measures: Percentages of physicians who followed published recommendations for placement and reading of TB skin tests published by the American Academy of Pediatrics (AAP) and the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC). Results: Questionnaires were completed by 60/80 (75%) physicians. The 60 physicians had practiced a mean of 17 years (range 3-38 years), and only one did not do TB skin testing for pediatric patients. The 59 physicians doing TB skin testing reported routinely tuberculin testing more than 900 children per month. Only 8/59 (14%) physicians followed published guidelines for placement and reading of tuberculin tests. Those physicians screened 158 (17%) of the pediatric patients undergoing TB skin testing in a typical month. Conclusion: In this community where a highly publicized TB case prompted massive pediatric screening, most physicians seeing children in private practice do not follow standard TB skin testing guidelines. Increased understanding of how private-practice physicians learn about and decide to use recommended standards are needed if tuberculin tests are to be correctly performed and TB appropriately diagnosed. JF - American Journal of Preventive Medicine AU - Schulte, J M AU - Moore, M AU - Kistler, V AU - Margraf, P AU - Christman, R AU - Valway, SE AU - Onorato, I M AU - Stader, B AD - CDC, Division of TB Elimination, 1600 Clifton Road, NE MS-E-10, Atlanta GA 30333, USA Y1 - 1999/04// PY - 1999 DA - Apr 1999 SP - 178 EP - 181 VL - 16 IS - 3 SN - 0749-3797, 0749-3797 KW - screening KW - man KW - physicians KW - Microbiology Abstracts B: Bacteriology KW - Tuberculosis KW - Mycobacterium tuberculosis KW - J 02845:Ear, nose and respiratory tract UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/17395833?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologyb&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=American+Journal+of+Preventive+Medicine&rft.atitle=Tuberculosis+screening+in+private+physicians%27+offices%2C+Pennsylvania%2C+1996&rft.au=Schulte%2C+J+M%3BMoore%2C+M%3BKistler%2C+V%3BMargraf%2C+P%3BChristman%2C+R%3BValway%2C+SE%3BOnorato%2C+I+M%3BStader%2C+B&rft.aulast=Schulte&rft.aufirst=J&rft.date=1999-04-01&rft.volume=16&rft.issue=3&rft.spage=178&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=American+Journal+of+Preventive+Medicine&rft.issn=07493797&rft_id=info:doi/10.1016%2FS0749-3797%2898%2900155-X LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Mycobacterium tuberculosis; Tuberculosis DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0749-3797(98)00155-X ER - TY - JOUR T1 - A multi-state survey of consumer food-handling and food-consumption practices AN - 17393371; 4613111 AB - In the United States, foodborne infections cause an estimated 6.5-33 million illnesses a year. Also included in the burden of foodborne illnesses are sequelae such as hemolytic uremic syndrome, Guillain-Barre' syndrome, and reactive arthritis. Surveillance for risky food-handling and food-consumption practices can be used to identify high-risk populations, develop educational efforts, and evaluate progress toward risk reduction. In 1995 and 1996, Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System interviews of 19,356 adults in eight states (1995: Colorado, Florida, Missouri, New York, and Tennessee; 1996: Indiana, New Jersey, and South Dakota) included questions related to food-handling and/or food-consumption practices. Risky food-handling and food-consumption practices were not uncommon. Overall, 19% of respondents did not adequately wash hands or cutting boards after contact with raw meat or chicken. During the previous year, 20% ate pink hamburgers, 50% ate undercooked eggs, 8% ate raw oysters, and 1% drank raw milk. Men were more likely to report risky practices than women. The prevalence of most risky behaviors increased with increasing socioeconomic status. Targeted education efforts may reduce the frequency of these behaviors. Periodic surveillance can be used to assess effectiveness. In addition to consumer education, prevention efforts are needed throughout the food chain including on the farm, in processing, distribution, and at retail. JF - American Journal of Preventive Medicine AU - Altekruse, S F AU - Yang, Samantha AU - Timbo, B B AU - Angulo, F J AD - CDC, NCID, FDDB (A38), 1600 Clifton Road, Atlanta, GA, 30333, USA Y1 - 1999/04// PY - 1999 DA - Apr 1999 SP - 216 EP - 221 VL - 16 IS - 3 SN - 0749-3797, 0749-3797 KW - USA KW - food-borne diseases KW - Health & Safety Science Abstracts KW - Education KW - Sanitation KW - Food processing industry KW - Food contamination KW - Public health KW - H 4000:Food and Drugs UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/17393371?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Ahealthsafetyabstracts&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=American+Journal+of+Preventive+Medicine&rft.atitle=A+multi-state+survey+of+consumer+food-handling+and+food-consumption+practices&rft.au=Altekruse%2C+S+F%3BYang%2C+Samantha%3BTimbo%2C+B+B%3BAngulo%2C+F+J&rft.aulast=Altekruse&rft.aufirst=S&rft.date=1999-04-01&rft.volume=16&rft.issue=3&rft.spage=216&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=American+Journal+of+Preventive+Medicine&rft.issn=07493797&rft_id=info:doi/10.1016%2FS0749-3797%2898%2900099-3 LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Education; Public health; Sanitation; Food contamination; Food processing industry DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0749-3797(98)00099-3 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Diagnosis of Pneumococcal Pneumonia in Epidemiological Studies: Evaluation in Kenyan Adults of a Serotype-Specific Urine Latex Agglutination Assay AN - 17365677; 4572356 AB - A serotype-specific tube latex agglutination assay for 10 pneumococcal serotypes was evaluated with use of urine samples from 72 Kenyan adults with pneumonia whose blood or lung aspirate cultures were positive for Streptococcus pneumoniae, 203 patients with pneumonia whose cultures were negative for S. pneumoniae, and 101 afebrile controls. Detection thresholds for purified capsular polysaccharide in normal urine ranged from 0.33 to 10 ng/mL. The sensitivity of the assay for the 10 pneumococcal serotypes was 0.57 (95% confidence interval, 0.44-0.70) and was unaffected by human immunodeficiency virus seropositivity, prior antibiotic use, and bacteremic or nonbacteremic status but varied significantly by serotype. Of the pneumococci obtained by culture, 81% were of serotypes (1, 4, 5, 6, 7, 9, 12, 14, 19, and 22) that were included in the antigen assay. Strong simultaneous agglutinations against two different serotypes were found in urine samples from two patients. The specificity of the assay was 0.98 (lower 95% confidence limit, 0.95). Subjective reading of agglutination results introduced variation in specificity that may be inapparent if not formally measured. The assay extended the diagnostic yield in pneumococcal pneumonia by a factor of 2.2 (from 54 diagnoses established by blood culture to 119 established by both methods) and may therefore prove useful in reducing the sample size of epidemiological studies of pneumococcal pneumonia in adults. JF - Clinical Infectious Diseases AU - Scott, JAG AU - Hannington, A AU - Marsh, K AU - Hall, A J AD - Building 1, Room 1252, Mailstop A-36, Respiratory Diseases Immunology Section, Respiratory Diseases Branch, National Center for Infectious Diseases, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, 1600 Clifton Road, Atlanta, Georgia 30333, USA, zhc3@cdc.gov Y1 - 1999/04// PY - 1999 DA - Apr 1999 SP - 764 EP - 769 VL - 28 IS - 4 SN - 1058-4838, 1058-4838 KW - man KW - epidemiology KW - Kenya KW - Microbiology Abstracts B: Bacteriology KW - Streptococcus pneumoniae KW - Urine KW - Latex agglutination KW - Immunoassays KW - Pneumonia KW - J 02831:Techniques and reagents KW - J 02845:Ear, nose and respiratory tract UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/17365677?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologyb&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Clinical+Infectious+Diseases&rft.atitle=Diagnosis+of+Pneumococcal+Pneumonia+in+Epidemiological+Studies%3A+Evaluation+in+Kenyan+Adults+of+a+Serotype-Specific+Urine+Latex+Agglutination+Assay&rft.au=Scott%2C+JAG%3BHannington%2C+A%3BMarsh%2C+K%3BHall%2C+A+J&rft.aulast=Scott&rft.aufirst=JAG&rft.date=1999-04-01&rft.volume=28&rft.issue=4&rft.spage=764&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Clinical+Infectious+Diseases&rft.issn=10584838&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Streptococcus pneumoniae; Latex agglutination; Immunoassays; Urine; Pneumonia ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Facklamia languida sp. nov., isolated from human clinical specimens AN - 17226064; 4512170 AB - Three strains of a gram-positive catalase-negative, facultatively anaerobic coccus-shaped organism originating from human clinical samples were characterized by phenotypic and molecular taxonomic methods. Sequencing of genes encoding 16S rRNA showed that the strains are phylogenetically closely related (99.9 to 100% sequence similarity) and represent a new subline within the genus Facklamia. The unknown bacterium was readily distinguished from all currently described species of the genus Facklamia (viz., Facklamia hominis, Facklamia ignava, and Facklamia sourekii) by biochemical tests and electrophoretic analysis of whole-cell proteins. Based on phylogenetic and phenotypic evidence, it is proposed that the unknown bacterium be classified as Facklamia languida sp. nov. The type strain of F. languida is CCUG 37842. JF - Journal of Clinical Microbiology AU - Lawson, P A AU - Collins, MD AU - Falsen, E AU - Sjoden, B AU - Facklam, R R AD - Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, 1600 Clifton Rd., NE, Atlanta, GA 30333, USA, RRF@CDC.GOV Y1 - 1999/04// PY - 1999 DA - Apr 1999 SP - 1161 EP - 1164 VL - 37 IS - 4 SN - 0095-1137, 0095-1137 KW - rRNA 16S KW - Microbiology Abstracts B: Bacteriology KW - Phylogeny KW - Gram-positive bacteria KW - Genotyping KW - Taxonomy KW - Facklamia languida KW - Phenotypes KW - J 02710:Identification, taxonomy and typing UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/17226064?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologyb&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Clinical+Microbiology&rft.atitle=Facklamia+languida+sp.+nov.%2C+isolated+from+human+clinical+specimens&rft.au=Lawson%2C+P+A%3BCollins%2C+MD%3BFalsen%2C+E%3BSjoden%2C+B%3BFacklam%2C+R+R&rft.aulast=Lawson&rft.aufirst=P&rft.date=1999-04-01&rft.volume=37&rft.issue=4&rft.spage=1161&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+Clinical+Microbiology&rft.issn=00951137&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Facklamia languida; Phylogeny; Taxonomy; Genotyping; Phenotypes; Gram-positive bacteria ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Norwalk-like viral gastroenteritis in U.S. Army trainees--Texas, 1998. AN - 69713528; 10220254 AB - During August 27-September 1, 1998, 99 (12%) of 835 soldiers in one unit at a U.S. Army training center in El Paso, Texas, were hospitalized for acute gastroenteritis (AGE). Their symptoms included acute onset of vomiting, abdominal pain, diarrhea, and fever. Review of medical center admission records for AGE during the previous year indicated that fewer than five cases occurred each month. This report describes the outbreak investigation initiated on August 30 by a U.S. Army Epidemiologic Consultation Service (EPICON) team; the findings indicated the outbreak was caused by a Norwalk-like virus (NLV). JF - MMWR. Morbidity and mortality weekly report AU - Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) AD - Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) Y1 - 1999/03/26/ PY - 1999 DA - 1999 Mar 26 SP - 225 EP - 227 VL - 48 IS - 11 SN - 0149-2195, 0149-2195 KW - Index Medicus KW - United States KW - Foodborne Diseases -- epidemiology KW - Texas -- epidemiology KW - Humans KW - Adult KW - Food Handling KW - Food Contamination KW - Food Services KW - Gastroenteritis -- virology KW - Caliciviridae Infections -- epidemiology KW - Gastroenteritis -- etiology KW - Military Personnel KW - Norwalk virus -- isolation & purification KW - Caliciviridae Infections -- etiology KW - Disease Outbreaks KW - Gastroenteritis -- epidemiology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/69713528?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=MMWR.+Morbidity+and+mortality+weekly+report&rft.atitle=Norwalk-like+viral+gastroenteritis+in+U.S.+Army+trainees--Texas%2C+1998.&rft.au=Centers+for+Disease+Control+and+Prevention+%28CDC%29&rft.aulast=Centers+for+Disease+Control+and+Prevention+%28CDC%29&rft.aufirst=&rft.date=1999-03-26&rft.volume=48&rft.issue=11&rft.spage=225&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=MMWR.+Morbidity+and+mortality+weekly+report&rft.issn=01492195&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1999-04-29 N1 - Date created - 1999-04-29 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Adult Blood Lead Epidemiology and Surveillance--United States, second and third quarters, 1998, and annual 1994-1997. AN - 69656088; 10099023 AB - Chronic lead exposure in adults can damage the cardiovascular, central nervous, renal, reproductive, and hematologic systems. CDC's Adult Blood Lead Epidemiology and Surveillance (ABLES) program monitors laboratory-reported elevated blood lead levels (BLLs) among adults in the United States. During 1998, 27 states reported surveillance data to ABLES. This report presents prevalence data for elevated BLLs for the second and third quarters of 1998 and compares them with corresponding quarters of 1997, and presents annual prevalence data for elevated BLLs from 1994 through 1997 for each participating state. The findings indicate that of the approximately 20,000 persons tested for blood lead and reported to ABLES each quarter, approximately 4000 BLLs were elevated. The 1994-1997 prevalence rates of elevated BLLs among adults provide a crude comparison of the levels and trends among the 27 states participating in the program. JF - MMWR. Morbidity and mortality weekly report AU - Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) AD - Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) Y1 - 1999/03/19/ PY - 1999 DA - 1999 Mar 19 SP - 213 EP - 6, 223 VL - 48 IS - 10 SN - 0149-2195, 0149-2195 KW - Lead KW - 2P299V784P KW - Index Medicus KW - Humans KW - Adult KW - Middle Aged KW - Adolescent KW - United States -- epidemiology KW - Lead Poisoning -- epidemiology KW - Lead -- blood KW - Population Surveillance UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/69656088?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=MMWR.+Morbidity+and+mortality+weekly+report&rft.atitle=Adult+Blood+Lead+Epidemiology+and+Surveillance--United+States%2C+second+and+third+quarters%2C+1998%2C+and+annual+1994-1997.&rft.au=Centers+for+Disease+Control+and+Prevention+%28CDC%29&rft.aulast=Centers+for+Disease+Control+and+Prevention+%28CDC%29&rft.aufirst=&rft.date=1999-03-19&rft.volume=48&rft.issue=10&rft.spage=213&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=MMWR.+Morbidity+and+mortality+weekly+report&rft.issn=01492195&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1999-04-07 N1 - Date created - 1999-04-07 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Outbreaks of gastrointestinal illness of unknown etiology associated with eating burritos--United States, October 1997-October 1998. AN - 69655371; 10099022 AB - From October 1997 through October 1998, 16 outbreaks of gastrointestinal illness associated with eating burritos occurred in Florida, Georgia, Illinois, Indiana, Kansas, North Dakota, and Pennsylvania. All but one outbreak occurred in schools, and most of the approximately 1700 persons affected were children. This report summarizes investigations of two of these outbreaks and describes the collaborative efforts of CDC, the U.S. Department of Agriculture (USDA), and the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) to identify the etiologic agent(s); these outbreaks may have been caused by an undetected toxin or a new agent not previously associated with illness. JF - MMWR. Morbidity and mortality weekly report AU - Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) AD - Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) Y1 - 1999/03/19/ PY - 1999 DA - 1999 Mar 19 SP - 210 EP - 213 VL - 48 IS - 10 SN - 0149-2195, 0149-2195 KW - Index Medicus KW - Humans KW - Food KW - Child KW - United States -- epidemiology KW - Food Services KW - Gastrointestinal Diseases -- etiology KW - Foodborne Diseases -- epidemiology KW - Foodborne Diseases -- etiology KW - Disease Outbreaks -- statistics & numerical data KW - Schools -- statistics & numerical data KW - Gastrointestinal Diseases -- epidemiology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/69655371?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=MMWR.+Morbidity+and+mortality+weekly+report&rft.atitle=Outbreaks+of+gastrointestinal+illness+of+unknown+etiology+associated+with+eating+burritos--United+States%2C+October+1997-October+1998.&rft.au=Centers+for+Disease+Control+and+Prevention+%28CDC%29&rft.aulast=Centers+for+Disease+Control+and+Prevention+%28CDC%29&rft.aufirst=&rft.date=1999-03-19&rft.volume=48&rft.issue=10&rft.spage=210&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=MMWR.+Morbidity+and+mortality+weekly+report&rft.issn=01492195&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1999-04-07 N1 - Date created - 1999-04-07 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Hypertension, antihypertensive medication use, and risk of renal cell carcinoma. AN - 69631217; 10084241 AB - To investigate whether diuretic medication use increases risk of renal cell carcinoma (RCC), the authors conducted a case-control study of health maintenance organization members in western Washington State. Cases (n = 238) diagnosed between January 1980 and June 1995 were compared with controls (n = 616) selected from health maintenance organization membership files. The computerized health maintenance organization pharmacy database provided information on medications prescribed after March 1977. Additional exposure information was collected from medical records. For women, use of diuretics was associated with increased risk of RCC (odds ratio (OR) = 1.8, 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.0-3.1), but the association was not independent of a diagnosis of hypertension (adjusted for hypertension, OR = 1.1, 95% CI 0.5-2.1). Similarly, nondiuretic antihypertensive use was associated with increased risk, but only when unadjusted for hypertension. For men, neither diuretic nor nondiuretic antihypertensive use was associated with risk of RCC. A diagnosis of hypertension was clearly associated with RCC risk for women (OR = 2.5, 95% CI 1.2-5.1), but not men (OR = 1.3, 95% CI 0.7-2.5). High systolic and diastolic blood pressures were associated with increased risk in both sexes. These results do not support the hypothesis that use of diuretic medication increases RCC risk; they are more consistent with an association between RCC and high blood pressure. JF - American journal of epidemiology AU - Shapiro, J A AU - Williams, M A AU - Weiss, N S AU - Stergachis, A AU - LaCroix, A Z AU - Barlow, W E AD - Division of Cancer Prevention and Control, National Center for Chronic Disease Prevention and Health Promotion, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA 30341, USA. Y1 - 1999/03/15/ PY - 1999 DA - 1999 Mar 15 SP - 521 EP - 530 VL - 149 IS - 6 SN - 0002-9262, 0002-9262 KW - Antihypertensive Agents KW - 0 KW - Diuretics KW - Index Medicus KW - Odds Ratio KW - Washington KW - Humans KW - Aged KW - Risk KW - Health Maintenance Organizations KW - Adult KW - Case-Control Studies KW - Confidence Intervals KW - Middle Aged KW - Adolescent KW - Female KW - Male KW - Diuretics -- adverse effects KW - Diuretics -- therapeutic use KW - Carcinoma, Renal Cell -- chemically induced KW - Kidney Neoplasms -- chemically induced KW - Antihypertensive Agents -- adverse effects KW - Antihypertensive Agents -- therapeutic use KW - Hypertension -- drug therapy UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/69631217?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=American+journal+of+epidemiology&rft.atitle=Hypertension%2C+antihypertensive+medication+use%2C+and+risk+of+renal+cell+carcinoma.&rft.au=Shapiro%2C+J+A%3BWilliams%2C+M+A%3BWeiss%2C+N+S%3BStergachis%2C+A%3BLaCroix%2C+A+Z%3BBarlow%2C+W+E&rft.aulast=Shapiro&rft.aufirst=J&rft.date=1999-03-15&rft.volume=149&rft.issue=6&rft.spage=521&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=American+journal+of+epidemiology&rft.issn=00029262&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1999-03-29 N1 - Date created - 1999-03-29 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - HIV postexposure prophylaxis registry closing. AN - 69704297; 10215492 JF - MMWR. Morbidity and mortality weekly report AU - Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) AD - Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) Y1 - 1999/03/12/ PY - 1999 DA - 1999 Mar 12 SP - 194 EP - 195 VL - 48 IS - 9 SN - 0149-2195, 0149-2195 KW - Index Medicus KW - AIDS/HIV KW - Health Personnel -- statistics & numerical data KW - Humans KW - United States -- epidemiology KW - Registries KW - Occupational Diseases -- prevention & control KW - HIV Infections -- prevention & control KW - Occupational Diseases -- epidemiology KW - HIV Infections -- epidemiology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/69704297?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=MMWR.+Morbidity+and+mortality+weekly+report&rft.atitle=HIV+postexposure+prophylaxis+registry+closing.&rft.au=Centers+for+Disease+Control+and+Prevention+%28CDC%29&rft.aulast=Centers+for+Disease+Control+and+Prevention+%28CDC%29&rft.aufirst=&rft.date=1999-03-12&rft.volume=48&rft.issue=9&rft.spage=194&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=MMWR.+Morbidity+and+mortality+weekly+report&rft.issn=01492195&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1999-04-20 N1 - Date created - 1999-04-20 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Incidence of foodborne illnesses: preliminary data from the Foodborne Diseases Active Surveillance Network (FoodNet)--United States, 1998. AN - 69695500; 10208124 AB - Estimates of the magnitude of foodborne illness in the United States have been imprecise. To quantify, better understand, and more precisely monitor foodborne illness, since 1996 the Foodborne Diseases Active Surveillance Network (FoodNet) has collected data to monitor nine foodborne diseases in selected U.S. sites. This report describes preliminary data from FoodNet surveillance for 1998 and compares findings with those for 1996 and 1997; compared with 1996, the overall incidence of the foodborne illnesses under surveillance during 1998 declined, particularly for salmonellosis and campylobacteriosis, and the data continued to demonstrate regional and seasonal differences in the reported incidence of diseases. JF - MMWR. Morbidity and mortality weekly report AU - Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) AD - Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) Y1 - 1999/03/12/ PY - 1999 DA - 1999 Mar 12 SP - 189 EP - 194 VL - 48 IS - 9 SN - 0149-2195, 0149-2195 KW - Index Medicus KW - Humans KW - Incidence KW - United States -- epidemiology KW - Foodborne Diseases -- epidemiology KW - Population Surveillance UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/69695500?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=MMWR.+Morbidity+and+mortality+weekly+report&rft.atitle=Incidence+of+foodborne+illnesses%3A+preliminary+data+from+the+Foodborne+Diseases+Active+Surveillance+Network+%28FoodNet%29--United+States%2C+1998.&rft.au=Centers+for+Disease+Control+and+Prevention+%28CDC%29&rft.aulast=Centers+for+Disease+Control+and+Prevention+%28CDC%29&rft.aufirst=&rft.date=1999-03-12&rft.volume=48&rft.issue=9&rft.spage=189&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=MMWR.+Morbidity+and+mortality+weekly+report&rft.issn=01492195&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1999-04-20 N1 - Date created - 1999-04-20 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Short-course oral zidovudine for prevention of mother-to-child transmission of HIV-1 in Abidjan, Cote d'Ivoire: a randomised trial AN - 17233763; 4515371 AB - In Africa, the risk of mother-to-child transmission of HIV-1 infection is high. Short-course perinatal oral zidovudine might decrease the rate of transmission. We assessed the safety and efficacy of such a regimen among HIV-1-seropositive breastfeeding women in Abidjan, Cote d'Ivoire. From April, 1996, to February, 1998, all consenting, eligible HIV-1-seropositive pregnant women attending a public antenatal clinic in Abidjan were enrolled at 36 weeks' gestation and randomly assigned placebo or zidovudine (300 mg tablets), one tablet twice daily until the onset of labour, one tablet at onset of labour, and one tablet every 3 h until delivery. We used HIV-1-DNA PCR to test the infection status of babies at birth, 4 weeks, and 3 months. We stopped the study on Feb 18, 1998, when efficacy results were available from a study in Bangkok, Thailand, in which the same regimen was used in a non-breastfeeding population. 280 women were enrolled (140 in each group). The median duration of the prenatal drug regimen was 27 days (range 1-80) and the median duration of labour was 7.5 h. Treatment was well tolerated with no withdrawals because of adverse events. All babies were breastfed. Among babies with known infection status at age 3 months, 30 (26.1%) of 115 babies in the placebo group and 19 (16.5%) of 115 in the zidovudine group were identified as HIV-1 infected. The estimated risk of HIV-1 transmission in the placebo and zidovudine groups were 21.7% and 12.2% (p=0.05) at 4 weeks, and 24.9% and 15.7% (p=0.07) at 3 months. Efficacy was 44% (95% CI -1 to 69) at age 4 weeks and 37% (-5 to 63) at 3 months. Short-course oral zidovudine was safe, well tolerated, and decreased mother-to-child transmission of HIV-1 at age 3 months. Substantial efforts will be needed to ensure successful widespread implementation of such a regimen. JF - Lancet AU - Wiktor, S Z AU - Ekpini, E AU - Karon, J M AU - Nkengasong, J AU - Maurice, C AU - Severin, ST AU - Roels, TH AU - Kouassi, M K AU - Lackritz, E M AU - Coulibaly, I-M AU - Greenberg, A E AD - Project RETRO-CI, 01 BP 1712, 01 Abidjan Cote d'Ivoire, szw0@cdc.gov Y1 - 1999/03/06/ PY - 1999 DA - 1999 Mar 06 SP - 781 EP - 785 VL - 353 IS - 9155 SN - 0099-5355, 0099-5355 KW - Africa KW - HIV-1 KW - Zidovudine KW - breast feeding KW - disease transmission KW - Virology & AIDS Abstracts; Health & Safety Science Abstracts KW - Children KW - Disease transmission KW - Antiviral agents KW - Human immunodeficiency virus KW - Human immunodeficiency virus 1 KW - Mother KW - Breast feeding KW - H 11000:Diseases/Injuries/Trauma KW - V 22004:AIDS: Clinical aspects UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/17233763?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Ahealthsafetyabstracts&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Lancet&rft.atitle=Short-course+oral+zidovudine+for+prevention+of+mother-to-child+transmission+of+HIV-1+in+Abidjan%2C+Cote+d%27Ivoire%3A+a+randomised+trial&rft.au=Wiktor%2C+S+Z%3BEkpini%2C+E%3BKaron%2C+J+M%3BNkengasong%2C+J%3BMaurice%2C+C%3BSeverin%2C+ST%3BRoels%2C+TH%3BKouassi%2C+M+K%3BLackritz%2C+E+M%3BCoulibaly%2C+I-M%3BGreenberg%2C+A+E&rft.aulast=Wiktor&rft.aufirst=S&rft.date=1999-03-06&rft.volume=353&rft.issue=9155&rft.spage=781&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Lancet&rft.issn=00995355&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Human immunodeficiency virus 1; Disease transmission; Children; Human immunodeficiency virus; Antiviral agents; Breast feeding; Zidovudine; Mother ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Hemolysis associated with 25% human albumin diluted with sterile water--United States, 1994-1998. AN - 69625570; 10079061 AB - Since 1994, a shortage of 5% human albumin, a product used off-label during therapeutic plasma exchange (TPE), has existed in the United States. Because of this shortage, hospital pharmacists may prepare 5% solution of human albumin by diluting 25% human albumin with 0.9% NaCl or, when sodium load is a concern, 5% dextrose. However, if sterile water alone is used as the diluent, the osmolarity (tonicity) of the albumin solution is reduced and may cause hemolysis in recipients. This report describes two of 10 episodes of hemolysis (one fatal) among persons who received 25% human albumin diluted with sterile water and emphasizes that sterile water alone should not be used to dilute albumin. JF - MMWR. Morbidity and mortality weekly report AU - Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) AD - Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) Y1 - 1999/03/05/ PY - 1999 DA - 1999 Mar 05 SP - 157 EP - 159 VL - 48 IS - 8 SN - 0149-2195, 0149-2195 KW - Pharmaceutical Solutions KW - 0 KW - Serum Albumin KW - Water KW - 059QF0KO0R KW - Index Medicus KW - United States KW - Osmolar Concentration KW - Fatal Outcome KW - Humans KW - Adult KW - Aged KW - Plasma Exchange -- adverse effects KW - Disseminated Intravascular Coagulation -- etiology KW - Serum Albumin -- chemistry KW - Water -- chemistry KW - Renal Insufficiency -- etiology KW - Pharmaceutical Solutions -- adverse effects KW - Hemolysis UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/69625570?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=MMWR.+Morbidity+and+mortality+weekly+report&rft.atitle=Hemolysis+associated+with+25%25+human+albumin+diluted+with+sterile+water--United+States%2C+1994-1998.&rft.au=Centers+for+Disease+Control+and+Prevention+%28CDC%29&rft.aulast=Centers+for+Disease+Control+and+Prevention+%28CDC%29&rft.aufirst=&rft.date=1999-03-05&rft.volume=48&rft.issue=8&rft.spage=157&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=MMWR.+Morbidity+and+mortality+weekly+report&rft.issn=01492195&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1999-03-18 N1 - Date created - 1999-03-18 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Nosocomial group A streptococcal infections associated with asymptomatic health-care workers--Maryland and California, 1997. AN - 69625071; 10079063 AB - Group A Streptococcus (GAS), a common cause of pharyngitis and uncomplicated skin and soft tissue infections, can cause serious invasive infections (including necrotizing fasciitis and streptococcal toxic-shock syndrome [STSS]) and death. Since 1965, at least 15 postoperative or postpartum GAS outbreaks attributed to asymptomatic carriage in health-care workers (HCWs) have been reported. This report describes two nosocomial outbreaks of GAS infection in Maryland and California during 1996-1997; the findings suggest that early infection-control measures that include active surveillance may interrupt transmission and prevent morbidity and mortality. JF - MMWR. Morbidity and mortality weekly report AU - Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) AD - Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) Y1 - 1999/03/05/ PY - 1999 DA - 1999 Mar 05 SP - 163 EP - 166 VL - 48 IS - 8 SN - 0149-2195, 0149-2195 KW - Index Medicus KW - Humans KW - Adult KW - Maryland -- epidemiology KW - Contact Tracing KW - California -- epidemiology KW - Male KW - Female KW - Streptococcal Infections -- transmission KW - Cross Infection -- transmission KW - Streptococcus pyogenes -- genetics KW - Health Personnel KW - Cross Infection -- epidemiology KW - Streptococcal Infections -- epidemiology KW - Carrier State -- diagnosis KW - Streptococcus pyogenes -- isolation & purification UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/69625071?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=MMWR.+Morbidity+and+mortality+weekly+report&rft.atitle=Nosocomial+group+A+streptococcal+infections+associated+with+asymptomatic+health-care+workers--Maryland+and+California%2C+1997.&rft.au=Centers+for+Disease+Control+and+Prevention+%28CDC%29&rft.aulast=Centers+for+Disease+Control+and+Prevention+%28CDC%29&rft.aufirst=&rft.date=1999-03-05&rft.volume=48&rft.issue=8&rft.spage=163&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=MMWR.+Morbidity+and+mortality+weekly+report&rft.issn=01492195&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1999-03-18 N1 - Date created - 1999-03-18 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - The inhibitory effect of genistein on the growth and metastasis of a transplantable rat accessory sex gland carcinoma. AN - 69800119; 10355749 AB - A cell line (K1) derived from a carcinogen-induced accessory sex gland carcinoma was used to examine the effects of the soybean extract, genistein, on tumor growth and metastasis. Male Lobund-Wistar rats were injected s.c. with 20 million K1 cells; genistein (50 mg/kg BW) or the vehicle was administered s.c. every 12 h for 31 days. Genistein significantly inhibited tumor growth. Compared with controls, fewer genistein-treated rats developed invasive tumors (11% vs. 44%) or lymph node metastases (44% vs. 89%). No lung metastases were found in genistein-treated animals in contrast to controls (0% vs. 44%). Estrogenic side effects were precipitated in genistein-treated rats, including decreased accessory sex gland complex weight, increased pituitary weight, decreased testis weight, and decreased (BW). Serum testosterone was undetectable and serum prostate-specific acid phosphatase activity was 38% lower in genistein-treated rats compared with controls. Genistein concentrations in the solid tumors (2 nmol/g) were one-third those in blood. These data suggest that genistein may be a useful chemotherapeutic agent to inhibit the growth and metastasis of accessory sex gland cancers, such as those derived from the prostate. JF - Cancer letters AU - Schleicher, R L AU - Lamartiniere, C A AU - Zheng, M AU - Zhang, M AD - Research Service, VAMC (Atlanta), Department of Medicine, Emory University School of Medicine, GA 30322, USA. zwa5@cdc.gov Y1 - 1999/03/01/ PY - 1999 DA - 1999 Mar 01 SP - 195 EP - 201 VL - 136 IS - 2 SN - 0304-3835, 0304-3835 KW - Testosterone KW - 3XMK78S47O KW - Genistein KW - DH2M523P0H KW - Index Medicus KW - Rats KW - Neoplasm Transplantation KW - Animals KW - Lung Neoplasms -- prevention & control KW - Tumor Cells, Cultured KW - Dose-Response Relationship, Drug KW - Lung Neoplasms -- secondary KW - Testosterone -- blood KW - Rats, Wistar KW - Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry KW - Male KW - Organ Size -- drug effects KW - Lymphatic Metastasis -- prevention & control KW - Prostatic Neoplasms -- pathology KW - Carcinoma -- pathology KW - Genistein -- pharmacology KW - Genistein -- blood KW - Genistein -- adverse effects KW - Prostatic Neoplasms -- blood KW - Prostatic Neoplasms -- chemically induced KW - Carcinoma -- blood KW - Carcinoma -- chemically induced UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/69800119?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Cancer+letters&rft.atitle=The+inhibitory+effect+of+genistein+on+the+growth+and+metastasis+of+a+transplantable+rat+accessory+sex+gland+carcinoma.&rft.au=Schleicher%2C+R+L%3BLamartiniere%2C+C+A%3BZheng%2C+M%3BZhang%2C+M&rft.aulast=Schleicher&rft.aufirst=R&rft.date=1999-03-01&rft.volume=136&rft.issue=2&rft.spage=195&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Cancer+letters&rft.issn=03043835&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1999-06-17 N1 - Date created - 1999-06-17 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Prevalence of benzoylecgonine (a cocaine metabolite) in newborn infants by ZIP code, Georgia, February 22 through April 23, 1994. AN - 69755108; 10537807 JF - Journal of public health management and practice : JPHMP AU - Brantley, M D AD - Division of Reproductive Health, National Center for Chronic Disease Prevention and Health Promotion, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), Atlanta, Georgia, USA. Y1 - 1999/03// PY - 1999 DA - March 1999 SP - 19 EP - 20 VL - 5 IS - 2 SN - 1078-4659, 1078-4659 KW - benzoylecgonine KW - 5353I8I6YS KW - Cocaine KW - I5Y540LHVR KW - Health technology assessment KW - Mass Spectrometry KW - Georgia -- epidemiology KW - Humans KW - Health Surveys KW - Infant, Newborn KW - Radioimmunoassay KW - Prevalence KW - Mass Screening KW - Cocaine -- analogs & derivatives KW - Maps as Topic KW - Cocaine-Related Disorders -- epidemiology KW - Cocaine -- blood UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/69755108?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+public+health+management+and+practice+%3A+JPHMP&rft.atitle=Prevalence+of+benzoylecgonine+%28a+cocaine+metabolite%29+in+newborn+infants+by+ZIP+code%2C+Georgia%2C+February+22+through+April+23%2C+1994.&rft.au=Brantley%2C+M+D&rft.aulast=Brantley&rft.aufirst=M&rft.date=1999-03-01&rft.volume=5&rft.issue=2&rft.spage=19&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+public+health+management+and+practice+%3A+JPHMP&rft.issn=10784659&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1999-07-09 N1 - Date created - 1999-07-09 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Developmental toxicity interactions of salicylic acid and radiofrequency radiation or 2-methoxyethanol in rats. AN - 69704984; 10213521 AB - Radiofrequency (RF) radiation is used in a variety of workplaces where workers are concurrently exposed to chemicals. Combined exposure to RF radiation (10 MHz) and the industrial solvent, 2-methoxyethanol (2ME), produces enhanced teratogenicity in rats. The purpose of the present research was to determine if the synergistic effects noted for RF radiation and 2ME are generalizable to other chemicals. Since salicylic acid (SA) is widely used as an analgesic and is teratogenic in animals, SA was selected to address generalizability. Based on the literature and our pilot studies, 0, 250, or 350 mg/kg SA were administered by gavage on gestation Day 9 or 13 to rats. Concurrently rats given SA on Day 9 were exposed to RF radiation sufficient to maintain colonic temperature at 41 degrees C for 60 min (or sham). Those given SA on Day 13 were also given 0 or 100 mg/kg 2ME (gavage). Dams were sacrificed on gestation Day 20, and the fetuses were examined for external malformations. The data provide no evidence of synergistic interactions between RF radiation and salicylic acid (resorptions and malformations). Limited evidence of antagonism was observed between 2ME and salicylic acid (fetal weights). This investigation highlights the importance of additional research on interactions in developmental toxicology, and emphasizes the need to consider combined exposure effects when developing both physical agent and chemical agent exposure guidelines and intervention strategies. JF - Reproductive toxicology (Elmsford, N.Y.) AU - Nelson, B K AU - Snyder, D L AU - Shaw, P B AD - Division of Biomedical and Behavioral Science, National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Cincinnati, OH 45226, USA. bkn1@cdc.gov PY - 1999 SP - 137 EP - 145 VL - 13 IS - 2 SN - 0890-6238, 0890-6238 KW - Anti-Infective Agents KW - 0 KW - Ethylene Glycols KW - Teratogens KW - methyl cellosolve KW - EK1L6XWI56 KW - Salicylic Acid KW - O414PZ4LPZ KW - Index Medicus KW - Rats KW - Animals KW - Rats, Sprague-Dawley KW - Fetal Resorption -- etiology KW - Fetal Resorption -- chemically induced KW - Drug Synergism KW - Male KW - Female KW - Pregnancy KW - Anti-Infective Agents -- toxicity KW - Ethylene Glycols -- toxicity KW - Teratogens -- toxicity KW - Salicylic Acid -- toxicity KW - Congenital Abnormalities -- etiology KW - Abnormalities, Drug-Induced -- etiology KW - Radio Waves -- adverse effects UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/69704984?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Reproductive+toxicology+%28Elmsford%2C+N.Y.%29&rft.atitle=Developmental+toxicity+interactions+of+salicylic+acid+and+radiofrequency+radiation+or+2-methoxyethanol+in+rats.&rft.au=Nelson%2C+B+K%3BSnyder%2C+D+L%3BShaw%2C+P+B&rft.aulast=Nelson&rft.aufirst=B&rft.date=1999-03-01&rft.volume=13&rft.issue=2&rft.spage=137&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Reproductive+toxicology+%28Elmsford%2C+N.Y.%29&rft.issn=08906238&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1999-06-23 N1 - Date created - 1999-06-23 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Radon and lung cancer: a cost-effectiveness analysis. AN - 69621489; 10076484 AB - This study examined the cost-effectiveness of general and targeted strategies for residential radon testing and mitigation in the United States. A decision-tree model was used to perform a cost-effectiveness analysis of preventing radon-associated deaths from lung cancer. For a radon threshold of 4 pCi/L, the estimated costs to prevent 1 lung cancer death are about $3 million (154 lung cancer deaths prevented), or $480,000 per life-year saved, based on universal radon screening and mitigation, and about $2 million (104 lung cancer deaths prevented), or $330,000 per life-year saved, if testing and mitigation are confined to geographic areas at high risk for radon exposure. For mitigation undertaken after a single screening test and after a second confirmatory test, the estimated costs are about $920,000 and $520,000, respectively, to prevent a lung cancer death with universal screening and $130,000 and $80,000 per life-year for high risk screening. The numbers of preventable lung cancer deaths are 811 and 527 for universal and targeted approaches, respectively. These data suggest possible alternatives to current recommendations. JF - American journal of public health AU - Ford, E S AU - Kelly, A E AU - Teutsch, S M AU - Thacker, S B AU - Garbe, P L AD - National Center for Environmental Health, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA, USA. esf2@cdc.gov Y1 - 1999/03// PY - 1999 DA - March 1999 SP - 351 EP - 357 VL - 89 IS - 3 SN - 0090-0036, 0090-0036 KW - Air Pollutants, Radioactive KW - 0 KW - Radon KW - Q74S4N8N1G KW - Abridged Index Medicus KW - Index Medicus KW - Sensitivity and Specificity KW - United States Environmental Protection Agency KW - Humans KW - Cost-Benefit Analysis KW - Aged KW - Value of Life KW - United States -- epidemiology KW - Male KW - Female KW - Radiation Monitoring -- economics KW - Lung Neoplasms -- economics KW - Lung Neoplasms -- prevention & control KW - Radiation Monitoring -- methods KW - Housing KW - Mass Screening -- economics KW - Decision Trees KW - Lung Neoplasms -- mortality KW - Air Pollutants, Radioactive -- adverse effects KW - Lung Neoplasms -- chemically induced KW - Radon -- adverse effects KW - Mass Screening -- methods UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/69621489?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=American+journal+of+public+health&rft.atitle=Radon+and+lung+cancer%3A+a+cost-effectiveness+analysis.&rft.au=Ford%2C+E+S%3BKelly%2C+A+E%3BTeutsch%2C+S+M%3BThacker%2C+S+B%3BGarbe%2C+P+L&rft.aulast=Ford&rft.aufirst=E&rft.date=1999-03-01&rft.volume=89&rft.issue=3&rft.spage=351&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=American+journal+of+public+health&rft.issn=00900036&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1999-03-30 N1 - Date created - 1999-03-30 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - SuppNotes - Cited By: Health Phys. 1996 Mar;70(3):363-6 [8609028] JAMA. 1996 Apr 24;275(16):1247-51 [8601956] Health Phys. 1997 Apr;72(4):611-4 [9119686] Health Phys. 1984 Jun;46(6):1181-93 [6427137] JAMA. 1986 Sep 12;256(10):1315-8 [3091857] Milbank Q. 1986;64(4):489-547 [3102916] JAMA. 1989 Jan 6;261(1):75-9 [2491762] JAPCA. 1989 Jul;39(7):915-20 [2769311] Risk Anal. 1990 Mar;10(1):65-75 [2184476] Science. 1990 Oct 19;250(4979):353 [2218536] Health Phys. 1991 Feb;60(2):169-76 [1899233] Lancet. 1991 Feb 16;337(8738):409-13 [1671435] Milbank Q. 1992;70(1):81-125 [1588892] BMJ. 1992 Jun 13;304(6841):1571 [1628076] Health Phys. 1992 Aug;63(2):215-7 [1399622] Health Phys. 1994 Jun;66(6):615-20 [8181936] Radiat Res. 1995 Jan;141(1):79-85 [7997518] Am J Public Health. 1996 Sep;86(9):1222-7 [8806372] N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Risk factors for trisomy 21: maternal cigarette smoking and oral contraceptive use in a population-based case-control study. AN - 69511910; 11336457 AB - We examined maternal smoking and oral contraceptive use as possible risk factors in the genesis of cases of trisomy 21 of maternal origin. This is the first epidemiological study to categorize cases of trisomy 21 by parent of origin and timing of the meiotic error before assessing possible risk factors. We used chromosome 21-specific DNA markers to assign origin to each case. Structured interviews were employed to determine maternal smoking and oral contraceptive use around conception. The odds ratio (OR) for maternal smoking was significantly increased among younger mothers (OR = 2.98; 95% CI = 1.01-8.87), but only in a particular subset of meiotically-derived cases. The combined use of cigarettes and oral contraceptives increased the risk further (OR = 7.62; 95% CI = 1.63-35.6); however, oral contraceptive use alone was not a significant risk factor. Our results indicate that categorizing cases of trisomy 21 by parent and timing of the meiotic error allows more precision in identifying risk factors and may shed light on mechanisms of meiotic nondisjunction. JF - Genetics in medicine : official journal of the American College of Medical Genetics AU - Yang, Q AU - Sherman, S L AU - Hassold, T J AU - Allran, K AU - Taft, L AU - Pettay, D AU - Khoury, M J AU - Erickson, J D AU - Freeman, S B AD - Division of Birth Defects and Developmental Disabilities and the Office of Genetics and Disease Prevention, National Center for Environmental Health, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia 30341, USA. qay0@cdc.gov PY - 1999 SP - 80 EP - 88 VL - 1 IS - 3 SN - 1098-3600, 1098-3600 KW - Contraceptives, Oral KW - 0 KW - Genetic Markers KW - Index Medicus KW - Drug Interactions KW - Odds Ratio KW - Epidemiologic Factors KW - Humans KW - Infant, Newborn KW - Pregnancy KW - Polymerase Chain Reaction KW - Blotting, Southern KW - Risk Factors KW - Adult KW - Surveys and Questionnaires KW - Case-Control Studies KW - Interviews as Topic KW - Female KW - Down Syndrome -- etiology KW - Contraceptives, Oral -- adverse effects KW - Down Syndrome -- epidemiology KW - Smoking -- adverse effects KW - Down Syndrome -- genetics UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/69511910?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Genetics+in+medicine+%3A+official+journal+of+the+American+College+of+Medical+Genetics&rft.atitle=Risk+factors+for+trisomy+21%3A+maternal+cigarette+smoking+and+oral+contraceptive+use+in+a+population-based+case-control+study.&rft.au=Yang%2C+Q%3BSherman%2C+S+L%3BHassold%2C+T+J%3BAllran%2C+K%3BTaft%2C+L%3BPettay%2C+D%3BKhoury%2C+M+J%3BErickson%2C+J+D%3BFreeman%2C+S+B&rft.aulast=Yang&rft.aufirst=Q&rft.date=1999-03-01&rft.volume=1&rft.issue=3&rft.spage=80&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Genetics+in+medicine+%3A+official+journal+of+the+American+College+of+Medical+Genetics&rft.issn=10983600&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 2001-11-01 N1 - Date created - 2001-05-04 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Evaluating HIV Prevention: A Framework for National, State and Local Levels AN - 20876843; 10087413 AB - The 21st century brings with it the 20th year of the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) epidemic in the United States. HIV prevention programs have matured; however, evaluations of those programs have lagged behind. Nationwide, the need for such evaluation has never been greater. It is time to comprehensively assess the status of HIV prevention and control. We must build on previous studies to create a comprehensive, integrated national picture that includes evaluations at national, state, and local levels of the quality, costs, and short- and long-term effectiveness of various HIV prevention programs and policies. The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) encourages a phased approach to implementing a comprehensive evaluation strategy. This paper, which describes the 1995-1997 evaluation framework and activities of the Program Evaluation Research Branch, National Center for HIV, Sexually Transmitted Disease (STD), and Tuberculosis (TB) Prevention, is offered as a platform on which future efforts in determining the most effective means to prevent HIV can be built. Lessons learned in developing this comprehensive evaluation framework have advanced HIV prevention. This framework and lessons learned may also, in this era of performance measurement and public accountability, be generalizable beyond HIV prevention to the comprehensive and strategic evaluation of other politically complex, publically-funded disease prevention and health promotion programs. JF - American Journal of Evaluation AU - Rugg, Deborah AU - Buehler, Jim AU - Renaud, Michelle AU - Gilliam, Aisha AU - Heitgerd, Janet AU - Westover, Bonita AU - Wright-Deaguero, Linda AU - Bartholow, Kelly AU - Swanson, Sue AD - Division of HIV/AIDS Prevention-Intervention Research and Support, Centers for Disease Control & Prevention, 1600 Clifton Rd., Mailstop E-37, Atlanta, GA 30333, dlr3@cdc.gov Y1 - 1999/03// PY - 1999 DA - Mar 1999 SP - 35 EP - 56 PB - Sage Publications Ltd., 6 Bonhill St. London EC2A 4PU UK VL - 20 IS - 1 SN - 1098-2140, 1098-2140 KW - Microbiology Abstracts B: Bacteriology; Virology & AIDS Abstracts KW - Epidemics KW - Sexually-transmitted diseases KW - Human immunodeficiency virus KW - Mycobacterium KW - Disease control KW - Tuberculosis KW - V 22360:AIDS and HIV KW - J 02400:Human Diseases UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/20876843?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologyb&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=American+Journal+of+Evaluation&rft.atitle=Evaluating+HIV+Prevention%3A+A+Framework+for+National%2C+State+and+Local+Levels&rft.au=Rugg%2C+Deborah%3BBuehler%2C+Jim%3BRenaud%2C+Michelle%3BGilliam%2C+Aisha%3BHeitgerd%2C+Janet%3BWestover%2C+Bonita%3BWright-Deaguero%2C+Linda%3BBartholow%2C+Kelly%3BSwanson%2C+Sue&rft.aulast=Rugg&rft.aufirst=Deborah&rft.date=1999-03-01&rft.volume=20&rft.issue=1&rft.spage=35&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=American+Journal+of+Evaluation&rft.issn=10982140&rft_id=info:doi/10.1177%2F109821409902000104 LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2009-10-01 N1 - Last updated - 2015-03-30 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Epidemics; Sexually-transmitted diseases; Disease control; Tuberculosis; Mycobacterium; Human immunodeficiency virus DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/109821409902000104 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Comparison of agar dilution, disk diffusion, MicroScan, and Vitek antimicrobial susceptibility testing methods to broth microdilution for detection of fluoroquinolone-resistant isolates of the family Enterobacteriaceae AN - 17220632; 4503920 AB - Fluoroquinolone resistance appears to be increasing in many species of bacteria, particularly in those causing nosocomial infections. However, the accuracy of some antimicrobial susceptibility testing methods for detecting fluoroquinolone resistance remains uncertain. Therefore, we compared the accuracy of the results of agar dilution, disk diffusion, MicroScan Walk Away Neg Combo 15 conventional panels, and Vitek GNS-F7 cards to the accuracy of the results of the broth microdilution reference method for detection of ciprofloxacin and ofloxacin resistance in 195 clinical isolates of the family Enterobacteriaceae collected from six U.S. hospitals for a national surveillance project (Project ICARE [Intensive Care Antimicrobial Resistance Epidemiology]). For ciprofloxacin, very major error rates were 0% (disk diffusion and MicroScan), 0.9% (agar dilution), and 2.7% (Vitek), while major error rates ranged from 0% (agar dilution) to 3.7% (MicroScan and Vitek). Minor error rates ranged from 12.3% (agar dilution) to 20.5% (MicroScan). For ofloxacin, no very major errors were observed, and major errors were noted only with MicroScan (3.7% major error rate). Minor error rates ranged from 8.2% (agar dilution) to 18.5% (Vitek). Minor errors for all methods were substantially reduced when results with MICs within plus or minus 1 dilution of the broth microdilution reference MIC were excluded from analysis. However, the high number of minor errors by all test systems remains a concern. JF - Journal of Clinical Microbiology AU - Steward, ChD AU - Stocker, ShA AU - Swenson, J M AU - O'Hara, C M AU - Edwards, J R AU - Gaynes, R P AU - McGowan, JE Jr AU - Tenover, F C AD - Nosocomial Pathogens Laboratory Branch (G08), Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, 1600 Clifton Rd. NE, Atlanta, GA 30333, USA, cks7@cdc.gov Y1 - 1999/03// PY - 1999 DA - Mar 1999 SP - 544 EP - 547 VL - 37 IS - 3 SN - 0095-1137, 0095-1137 KW - fluoroquinolones KW - Microbiology Abstracts A: Industrial & Applied Microbiology; Microbiology Abstracts B: Bacteriology KW - Drug resistance KW - Ofloxacin KW - Drug sensitivity testing KW - Agar dilution test KW - Antimicrobial agents KW - Ciprofloxacin KW - Agar diffusion test KW - Enterobacteriaceae KW - A 01064:Microbial resistance KW - J 02814:Drug resistance UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/17220632?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologyb&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Clinical+Microbiology&rft.atitle=Comparison+of+agar+dilution%2C+disk+diffusion%2C+MicroScan%2C+and+Vitek+antimicrobial+susceptibility+testing+methods+to+broth+microdilution+for+detection+of+fluoroquinolone-resistant+isolates+of+the+family+Enterobacteriaceae&rft.au=Steward%2C+ChD%3BStocker%2C+ShA%3BSwenson%2C+J+M%3BO%27Hara%2C+C+M%3BEdwards%2C+J+R%3BGaynes%2C+R+P%3BMcGowan%2C+JE+Jr%3BTenover%2C+F+C&rft.aulast=Steward&rft.aufirst=ChD&rft.date=1999-03-01&rft.volume=37&rft.issue=3&rft.spage=544&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+Clinical+Microbiology&rft.issn=00951137&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Enterobacteriaceae; Drug sensitivity testing; Agar dilution test; Agar diffusion test; Drug resistance; Ofloxacin; Ciprofloxacin; Antimicrobial agents ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Serologic testing for human granulocytic ehrlichiosis at a national referral center AN - 17220512; 4503923 AB - An indirect immunofluorescence assay (IFA) was used to identify patients with antibodies reactive to the human granulocytic ehrlichiosis (HGE) agent. Serum samples collected from clinically ill individuals were submitted to the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention by physicians via state health departments from throughout the United States and tested against a panel of ehrlichial and rickettsial pathogens. Antibodies reactive to the HGE agent were detected in 142 (8.9%) of 1,602 individuals tested. There were 19 confirmed and 59 probable (n = 78) cases of HGE as defined by seroconversion or a fourfold or higher titer to the HGE agent than to the Ehrlichia chaffeensis antigens. The average age of patients with HGE was 57 years, and males accounted for 53 (68%) of the patients. Cases of HGE occurred in 21 states; 47 (60%) of the cases occurred in Connecticut (n = 14), New York (n = 18), and Wisconsin (n = 15). Onset of HGE was identified from April through December, with cases peaking in June and July. The earliest confirmed cases of HGE occurred in 1987 in Wisconsin and 1988 in Florida. No fatalities were reported among the 78 patients with confirmed or probable HGE. Reactivity to the HGE agent and to either Coxiella burnetii, Rickettsia rickettsii, or Rickettsia typhi was infrequent; however, 74 (52%) of the 142 individuals who were positive for HGE had at least one serum sample that also reacted to the E. chaffeensis antigen. Thirty-four persons with confirmed or probable human monocytic ehrlichiosis due to E. chaffeensis also had antibodies to the HGE agent in at least one serum sample. The specific etiologic agent for 30 patients was not ascribed because of similarity of titers to both ehrlichial antigens. The use of both antigens may be required to correctly diagnose most cases of human ehrlichiosis, especially in geographic regions where both the HGE agent and E. chaffeensis occur. JF - Journal of Clinical Microbiology AU - Comer, JA AU - Nicholson, W L AU - Olson, J G AU - Childs, JE AD - Viral and Rickettsial Zoonoses Branch, National Center for Infectious Diseases, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, 1600 Clifton Rd., Mailstop G-13, Atlanta, GA 30333, USA, jnc0@cdc.gov Y1 - 1999/03// PY - 1999 DA - Mar 1999 SP - 558 EP - 564 VL - 37 IS - 3 SN - 0095-1137, 0095-1137 KW - HGE agent KW - USA, Connecticut KW - USA, Florida KW - USA, Wisconsin KW - epidemiology KW - human granulocytic ehrlichiosis KW - Microbiology Abstracts B: Bacteriology KW - Coxiella burnetii KW - Rickettsia typhi KW - Serum KW - Ehrlichiosis KW - Ehrlichia chaffeensis KW - Antibody response KW - Immunofluorescence KW - Rickettsia rickettsii KW - J 02855:Human Bacteriology: Others UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/17220512?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologyb&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Clinical+Microbiology&rft.atitle=Serologic+testing+for+human+granulocytic+ehrlichiosis+at+a+national+referral+center&rft.au=Comer%2C+JA%3BNicholson%2C+W+L%3BOlson%2C+J+G%3BChilds%2C+JE&rft.aulast=Comer&rft.aufirst=JA&rft.date=1999-03-01&rft.volume=37&rft.issue=3&rft.spage=558&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+Clinical+Microbiology&rft.issn=00951137&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Coxiella burnetii; Ehrlichia chaffeensis; Rickettsia rickettsii; Rickettsia typhi; Ehrlichiosis; Immunofluorescence; Antibody response; Serum ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Head-to-head evaluation of five Chlamydia tests relative to a quality-assured culture standard AN - 17220453; 4503993 AB - Nucleic acid amplification tests offer superior sensitivity for the detection of Chlamydia trachomatis infection, but many laboratories still use nonamplification methods because of the lower cost and ease of use. In spite of their availability for more than a decade, few studies have directly compared the nonamplification tests. Such comparisons are still needed in addition to studies that directly compare individual nonamplification and amplification tests. The purpose of this study was to evaluate and compare the performance characteristics relative to culture of five different tests for the detection of C. trachomatis with and without confirmation of positive results. The tests were applied to endocervical specimens from 4,980 women attending family planning clinics in the northwestern United States. The five nonculture tests included Chlamydiazyme (Abbott), MicroTrak direct fluorescent antibody (DFA) (Syva), MicroTrak enzyme immunoassay (EIA) (Syva), Pace 2 (Gen-Probe), and Pathfinder EIA (Sanofi/Kallestad). All positive results obtained with a nonculture test (except MicroTrak DFA) were confirmed by testing the original specimens with a blocking antibody test (Chlamydiazyme), a cytospin DFA (MicroTrak EIA and Pathfinder EIA), and a probe competition assay (Pace 2). The prevalence of culture-proven Chlamydia was 3.9%. The sensitivities of the nonculture tests were in a range from 62 to 75%, and significant differences between tests in terms of sensitivity were observed. The positive predictive value for each test was 0.85 or higher. The specificities of the nonculture tests without performance of confirmations were greater than 99%. Performing confirmatory tests eliminated nearly all of the false positives. JF - Journal of Clinical Microbiology AU - Newhall, W J AU - Johnson, R E AU - De Lisle, S AU - Fine, D AU - Hadgu, A AU - Matsuda, B AU - Osmond, D AU - Campbell, J AU - Stamm, W E AD - Division of STD Prevention, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, 1600 Clifton Rd., Mailstop E-02, Atlanta, GA 30333, USA, rej1@cdc.gov Y1 - 1999/03// PY - 1999 DA - Mar 1999 SP - 681 EP - 685 VL - 37 IS - 3 SN - 0095-1137, 0095-1137 KW - USA KW - false-positives KW - Microbiology Abstracts A: Industrial & Applied Microbiology; Microbiology Abstracts B: Bacteriology KW - Chlamydia trachomatis KW - Immunofluorescence KW - Hybridization analysis KW - Enzyme immunoassay KW - Quality control KW - Culture systems KW - Cervix KW - Immunoassays KW - J 02849:Sexually-transmitted diseases KW - A 01073:Quality control UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/17220453?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologyb&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Clinical+Microbiology&rft.atitle=Head-to-head+evaluation+of+five+Chlamydia+tests+relative+to+a+quality-assured+culture+standard&rft.au=Newhall%2C+W+J%3BJohnson%2C+R+E%3BDe+Lisle%2C+S%3BFine%2C+D%3BHadgu%2C+A%3BMatsuda%2C+B%3BOsmond%2C+D%3BCampbell%2C+J%3BStamm%2C+W+E&rft.aulast=Newhall&rft.aufirst=W&rft.date=1999-03-01&rft.volume=37&rft.issue=3&rft.spage=681&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+Clinical+Microbiology&rft.issn=00951137&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Chlamydia trachomatis; Quality control; Hybridization analysis; Immunoassays; Cervix; Enzyme immunoassay; Immunofluorescence; Culture systems ER - TY - JOUR T1 - The Borrelia burgdorferi 37-kilodalton immunoblot band (P37) used in serodiagnosis of early Lyme disease is the flaA gene product AN - 17219114; 4503921 AB - The 37-kDa protein (P37) of Borrelia burgdorferi is an antigen that elicits an early immunoglobulin M (IgM) antibody response in Lyme disease patients. The P37 gene was cloned from a B. burgdorferi genomic library by screening with antibody from a Lyme disease patient who had developed a prominent humoral response to the P37 antigen. DNA sequence analysis of this clone revealed the identity of P37 to be FlaA, an outer sheath protein of the periplasmic flagella. Recombinant P37 expression was accomplished in Escherichia coli by using a gene construct with the leader peptide deleted and fused to a 38-kDa E. coli protein. The recombinant antigen was reactive in IgM immunoblots using serum samples from patients clinically diagnosed with early Lyme disease that had been scored positive for B. burgdorferi anti-P37 reactivity. Lyme disease patient samples serologically negative for the B. burgdorferi P37 protein did not react with the recombinant. Recombinant P37 may be a useful component of a set of defined antigens for the serodiagnosis of early Lyme disease. This protein can be utilized as a marker in diagnostic immunoblots, aiding in the standardization of the present generation of IgM serologic tests. JF - Journal of Clinical Microbiology AU - Gilmore, RD Jr AU - Murphree, R L AU - James, A M AU - Sullivan, SA AU - Johnson, BJB AD - DVBID, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, P.O. Box 2087, Foothills Campus, Fort Collins, CO 80522, USA, rbg9@cdc.gov Y1 - 1999/03// PY - 1999 DA - Mar 1999 SP - 548 EP - 552 VL - 37 IS - 3 SN - 0095-1137, 0095-1137 KW - FlaA protein KW - P37 antigen KW - P37 gene KW - Microbiology Abstracts B: Bacteriology KW - Gene expression KW - Immunoblotting KW - Borrelia burgdorferi KW - Immune response KW - Flagella KW - Lyme disease KW - J 02831:Techniques and reagents UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/17219114?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologyb&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Clinical+Microbiology&rft.atitle=The+Borrelia+burgdorferi+37-kilodalton+immunoblot+band+%28P37%29+used+in+serodiagnosis+of+early+Lyme+disease+is+the+flaA+gene+product&rft.au=Gilmore%2C+RD+Jr%3BMurphree%2C+R+L%3BJames%2C+A+M%3BSullivan%2C+SA%3BJohnson%2C+BJB&rft.aulast=Gilmore&rft.aufirst=RD&rft.date=1999-03-01&rft.volume=37&rft.issue=3&rft.spage=548&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+Clinical+Microbiology&rft.issn=00951137&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Borrelia burgdorferi; Immune response; Gene expression; Lyme disease; Immunoblotting; Flagella ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Adverse events associated with ingestion of gamma-butyrolactone--Minnesota, New Mexico, and Texas, 1998-1999. AN - 69624866; 10077458 AB - Products containing gamma-butyrolactone (GBL) are marketed for many claimed purposes, including to induce sleep, release growth hormone, enhance sexual activity and athletic performance, relieve depression, and prolong life. GBL is converted by the body into gamma-hydroxybutyrate (GHB), a drug banned outside of clinical trials approved by the Food and Drug Administration (FDA). Recognized manifestations of GHB toxicity include bradycardia, hypothermia, central nervous system depression, and uncontrolled movements. This report describes seven cases of GBL toxicity involving the product "Revivarant," which is labeled as containing 1.82 g of GBL per fluid ounce, reported from two hospital emergency departments (EDs) in Minnesota during October-December 1998 and summarizes an additional 34 cases of GBL toxicity reported to poison centers in New Mexico and Texas during October 1998-January 1999. JF - MMWR. Morbidity and mortality weekly report AU - Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) AD - Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) Y1 - 1999/02/26/ PY - 1999 DA - 1999 Feb 26 SP - 137 EP - 140 VL - 48 IS - 7 SN - 0149-2195, 0149-2195 KW - GABA Modulators KW - 0 KW - 4-Butyrolactone KW - OL659KIY4X KW - Index Medicus KW - New Mexico -- epidemiology KW - Texas -- epidemiology KW - Humans KW - Poisoning -- epidemiology KW - Child KW - Poisoning -- diagnosis KW - Poisoning -- therapy KW - Adult KW - Middle Aged KW - Adolescent KW - Female KW - Male KW - Minnesota -- epidemiology KW - Dietary Supplements -- poisoning KW - 4-Butyrolactone -- poisoning KW - GABA Modulators -- poisoning UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/69624866?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=MMWR.+Morbidity+and+mortality+weekly+report&rft.atitle=Adverse+events+associated+with+ingestion+of+gamma-butyrolactone--Minnesota%2C+New+Mexico%2C+and+Texas%2C+1998-1999.&rft.au=Centers+for+Disease+Control+and+Prevention+%28CDC%29&rft.aulast=Centers+for+Disease+Control+and+Prevention+%28CDC%29&rft.aufirst=&rft.date=1999-02-26&rft.volume=48&rft.issue=7&rft.spage=137&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=MMWR.+Morbidity+and+mortality+weekly+report&rft.issn=01492195&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1999-03-18 N1 - Date created - 1999-03-18 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - A multistate, foodborne outbreak of hepatitis A AN - 17236950; 4515194 AB - We investigated a large, foodborne outbreak of hepatitis A that occurred in February and March 1997 in Michigan and then extended the investigation to determine whether it was related to sporadic cases reported in other states among persons who had consumed frozen strawberries, the food suspected of causing the outbreak. The cases of hepatitis A were serologically confirmed. Epidemiologic studies were conducted in the two states with sufficient numbers of cases, Michigan and Maine. Hepatitis A virus RNA detected in clinical specimens was sequenced to determine the relatedness of the virus from outbreak-related cases and other cases. A total of 213 cases of hepatitis A were reported from 23 schools in Michigan and 29 cases from 13 schools in Maine, with the median rate of attack ranging from 0.2 to 14 percent. Hepatitis A was associated with the consumption of frozen strawberries in a case-control study (odds ratio for the disease, 8.3; 95 percent confidence interval, 2.1 to 33) and a cohort study (relative risk of infection, 7.5; 95 percent confidence interval, 1.1 to 53) in Michigan and in a case-control study in Maine (odds ratio for infection, 3.4; 95 percent confidence interval, 1.0 to 14). The genetic sequences of viruses from 126 patients in Michigan and Maine were identical to one another and to those from 5 patients in Wisconsin and 7 patients in Arizona, all of whom attended schools where frozen strawberries from the same processor had been served, and to those in 2 patients from Louisiana, both of whom had consumed commercially prepared products containing frozen strawberries from the same processor. We describe a large outbreak of hepatitis A in Michigan that was associated with the consumption of frozen strawberries. We found apparently sporadic cases in other states that could be linked to the same source by viral genetic analysis. JF - New England Journal of Medicine AU - Hutin, YJF AU - Pool, V AU - Cramer, E H AU - Nainan, O V AU - Weth, J AU - Williams, I T AU - Goldstein, ST AU - Gensheimer, K F AU - Bell, B P AU - Shapiro, C N AU - Alter, MJ AU - Margolis, H S AD - Hepatitis Branch, Mailstop G37, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA 30333, USA, yah5@cdc.gov Y1 - 1999/02/25/ PY - 1999 DA - 1999 Feb 25 SP - 595 EP - 602 VL - 340 IS - 8 SN - 0028-4793, 0028-4793 KW - USA, Michigan KW - food-borne diseases KW - hepatitis A KW - Virology & AIDS Abstracts; Health & Safety Science Abstracts KW - Hepatitis KW - Hepatitis A virus KW - Food contamination KW - Food-borne diseases KW - V 22123:Epidemiology KW - H 4000:Food and Drugs UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/17236950?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Ahealthsafetyabstracts&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=New+England+Journal+of+Medicine&rft.atitle=A+multistate%2C+foodborne+outbreak+of+hepatitis+A&rft.au=Hutin%2C+YJF%3BPool%2C+V%3BCramer%2C+E+H%3BNainan%2C+O+V%3BWeth%2C+J%3BWilliams%2C+I+T%3BGoldstein%2C+ST%3BGensheimer%2C+K+F%3BBell%2C+B+P%3BShapiro%2C+C+N%3BAlter%2C+MJ%3BMargolis%2C+H+S&rft.aulast=Hutin&rft.aufirst=YJF&rft.date=1999-02-25&rft.volume=340&rft.issue=8&rft.spage=595&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=New+England+Journal+of+Medicine&rft.issn=00284793&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Hepatitis A virus; Food contamination; Food-borne diseases; Hepatitis ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Farm worker illness following exposure to carbofuran and other pesticides--Fresno County California, 1998. AN - 69620589; 10073919 AB - In California, suspected pesticide-related illnesses and suspected work-related illnesses and injuries are reportable conditions. On July 31, 1998, the Occupational Health Branch of the California Department of Health Services (CDHS) received a report from the California Department of Pesticide Regulation (CDPR) of a pesticide exposure incident in Fresno County involving 34 farm workers. CDHS investigated this incident by reviewing medical records of the 34 workers and interviewing 29. The findings indicated that the workers became ill after early reentry into a cotton field that had been sprayed with a cholinesterase-inhibiting carbamate pesticides JF - MMWR. Morbidity and mortality weekly report AU - Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) AD - Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) Y1 - 1999/02/19/ PY - 1999 DA - 1999 Feb 19 SP - 113 EP - 116 VL - 48 IS - 6 SN - 0149-2195, 0149-2195 KW - Insecticides KW - 0 KW - Carbofuran KW - SKF77S6Y67 KW - Index Medicus KW - Humans KW - Adult KW - Poisoning -- epidemiology KW - Poisoning -- diagnosis KW - Middle Aged KW - Adolescent KW - California -- epidemiology KW - Occupational Diseases -- diagnosis KW - Agriculture KW - Insecticides -- poisoning KW - Occupational Diseases -- epidemiology KW - Carbofuran -- poisoning UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/69620589?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=MMWR.+Morbidity+and+mortality+weekly+report&rft.atitle=Farm+worker+illness+following+exposure+to+carbofuran+and+other+pesticides--Fresno+County+California%2C+1998.&rft.au=Centers+for+Disease+Control+and+Prevention+%28CDC%29&rft.aulast=Centers+for+Disease+Control+and+Prevention+%28CDC%29&rft.aufirst=&rft.date=1999-02-19&rft.volume=48&rft.issue=6&rft.spage=113&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=MMWR.+Morbidity+and+mortality+weekly+report&rft.issn=01492195&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1999-03-17 N1 - Date created - 1999-03-17 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - SuppNotes - Erratum In: MMWR Morb Mortal Wkly Rep 1999 Mar 12;48(9):195 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Blastomycosis acquired occupationally during prairie dog relocation--Colorado, 1998. AN - 69615464; 10072267 AB - On August 31, 1998, two suspected cases of fungal pneumonia were reported to the Boulder County (Colorado) Health Department (BCHD). Both patients were immunocompetent, otherwise healthy adults working for the City of Boulder Open Space (CBOS) program on a prairie dog relocation project. This report summarizes the epidemiologic investigation by BCHD, the Colorado Department of Public Health and Environment, and CDC; the findings indicate that these two persons acquired blastomycosis in Colorado, which is outside the area where the disease is endemic. JF - MMWR. Morbidity and mortality weekly report AU - Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) AD - Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) Y1 - 1999/02/12/ PY - 1999 DA - 1999 Feb 12 SP - 98 EP - 100 VL - 48 IS - 5 SN - 0149-2195, 0149-2195 KW - Index Medicus KW - Animals KW - Humans KW - Adult KW - Blastomyces -- isolation & purification KW - Colorado -- epidemiology KW - Male KW - Blastomycosis -- diagnosis KW - Pneumonia -- microbiology KW - Pneumonia -- diagnosis KW - Blastomycosis -- etiology KW - Sciuridae -- microbiology KW - Occupational Diseases -- epidemiology KW - Blastomycosis -- epidemiology KW - Pneumonia -- drug therapy KW - Pneumonia -- epidemiology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/69615464?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=MMWR.+Morbidity+and+mortality+weekly+report&rft.atitle=Blastomycosis+acquired+occupationally+during+prairie+dog+relocation--Colorado%2C+1998.&rft.au=Centers+for+Disease+Control+and+Prevention+%28CDC%29&rft.aulast=Centers+for+Disease+Control+and+Prevention+%28CDC%29&rft.aufirst=&rft.date=1999-02-12&rft.volume=48&rft.issue=5&rft.spage=98&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=MMWR.+Morbidity+and+mortality+weekly+report&rft.issn=01492195&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1999-03-17 N1 - Date created - 1999-03-17 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Bioterrorism alleging use of anthrax and interim guidelines for management--United States, 1998. AN - 69579479; 10023627 AB - From October 30 through December 23, 1998, CDC received reports of a series of bioterroristic threats of anthrax exposure. Letters alleged to contain anthrax were sent to health clinics on October 30, 1998, in Indiana, Kentucky, and Tennessee. During December 17-23 in California, a letter alleged to contain anthrax was sent to a private business, and three telephone threats of anthrax contamination of ventilation systems were made to private and public buildings. All threats were hoaxes and are under investigation by the Federal Bureau of Investigation (FBI) and local law enforcement officials. The public health implications of these threats were investigated to assist in developing national public health guidelines for responding to bioterrorism. This report summarizes the findings of these investigations and provides interim guidance for public health authorities on bioterrorism related to anthrax. JF - MMWR. Morbidity and mortality weekly report AU - Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) AD - Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) Y1 - 1999/02/05/ PY - 1999 DA - 1999 Feb 05 SP - 69 EP - 74 VL - 48 IS - 4 SN - 0149-2195, 0149-2195 KW - Anti-Bacterial Agents KW - 0 KW - Anti-Infective Agents KW - Fluoroquinolones KW - Hazardous Substances KW - Doxycycline KW - N12000U13O KW - Index Medicus KW - California KW - Anti-Infective Agents -- therapeutic use KW - Anti-Bacterial Agents -- therapeutic use KW - Public Health KW - Humans KW - Indiana KW - Tennessee KW - Kentucky KW - Guidelines as Topic KW - United States -- epidemiology KW - Doxycycline -- therapeutic use KW - Anthrax -- etiology KW - Violence -- statistics & numerical data KW - Violence -- prevention & control KW - Disaster Planning -- standards KW - Biological Warfare -- prevention & control KW - Anthrax -- prevention & control KW - Bacillus anthracis UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/69579479?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=MMWR.+Morbidity+and+mortality+weekly+report&rft.atitle=Bioterrorism+alleging+use+of+anthrax+and+interim+guidelines+for+management--United+States%2C+1998.&rft.au=Centers+for+Disease+Control+and+Prevention+%28CDC%29&rft.aulast=Centers+for+Disease+Control+and+Prevention+%28CDC%29&rft.aufirst=&rft.date=1999-02-05&rft.volume=48&rft.issue=4&rft.spage=69&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=MMWR.+Morbidity+and+mortality+weekly+report&rft.issn=01492195&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1999-02-18 N1 - Date created - 1999-02-18 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Injuries and violence: risk factors and opportunities for prevention during adolescence. AN - 69635707; 10086170 AB - More adolescent in the United States die from injuries than from any other cause. This chapter describes the three leading causes of death among adolescents-interpersonal violence, suicide, and motor vehicle-related injuries. The authors examine risks associated with alcohol use and access to firearms as well as injuries that occur at work and while playing sports, and end with recommendations for preventing adolescent injuries for health care providers, schools and communities. JF - Adolescent medicine (Philadelphia, Pa.) AU - Cohen, L R AU - Potter, L B AD - Division of Adolescent and School Health, National Center for Chronic Disease Prevention and Health Promotion, Atlanta, Georgia, USA. Y1 - 1999/02// PY - 1999 DA - February 1999 SP - 125 EP - 35, vi VL - 10 IS - 1 SN - 1041-3499, 1041-3499 KW - Index Medicus KW - Athletic Injuries -- epidemiology KW - Accidents, Traffic -- mortality KW - Humans KW - Occupational Diseases -- prevention & control KW - Alcohol Drinking -- adverse effects KW - Athletic Injuries -- prevention & control KW - Alcohol Drinking -- epidemiology KW - Suicide -- statistics & numerical data KW - Accidents, Traffic -- prevention & control KW - Health Promotion KW - Accidents, Traffic -- statistics & numerical data KW - Risk Factors KW - Firearms -- statistics & numerical data KW - Occupational Diseases -- epidemiology KW - Adolescent KW - United States -- epidemiology KW - Suicide -- prevention & control KW - Wounds and Injuries -- epidemiology KW - Violence -- statistics & numerical data KW - Violence -- prevention & control KW - Wounds and Injuries -- prevention & control KW - Wounds and Injuries -- mortality UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/69635707?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Adolescent+medicine+%28Philadelphia%2C+Pa.%29&rft.atitle=Injuries+and+violence%3A+risk+factors+and+opportunities+for+prevention+during+adolescence.&rft.au=Cohen%2C+L+R%3BPotter%2C+L+B&rft.aulast=Cohen&rft.aufirst=L&rft.date=1999-02-01&rft.volume=10&rft.issue=1&rft.spage=125&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Adolescent+medicine+%28Philadelphia%2C+Pa.%29&rft.issn=10413499&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1999-05-03 N1 - Date created - 1999-05-03 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Host genes and infectious diseases. HIV, other pathogens, and a public health perspective AN - 17345736; 4606758 AB - The global impact of infectious diseases is tremendous. In 1996, the 17 million deaths from infectious diseases accounted for one third of all deaths worldwide, while the acute and chronic morbidity from infectious diseases adds an additional great burden on global health. Multiple factors, host and nonhost, influence the susceptibility of individuals and populations to infectious diseases, as well as the severity of the illness once infected. We review the influence of host genes on the susceptibility to and severity of viral, bacterial, parasitic and fungal infectious diseases, on vaccine responsiveness and on treatments for infections. HIV/AIDS is discussed in detail because it is an example of an infectious disease influenced by multiple host genes and because of its impact. Although the HIV/AIDS pandemic dates only since the late 1970s, it has claimed the lives of 11 million people worldwide and, today, more than 30 million people are estimated to be HIV infected. Our greater understanding of the genetic factors that influence morbidity and mortality of infectious disease leads to new avenues of prevention and treatment that can improve the health of individuals and populations. JF - American Journal of Preventive Medicine AU - McNicholl, J M AU - Cuenco, K T AD - Immunology Branch, DASTLR, NCID, MS A-25, CDC, 1600 Clifton Road NE, Atlanta, GA, 30333, USA Y1 - 1999/02// PY - 1999 DA - Feb 1999 SP - 141 EP - 154 VL - 16 IS - 2 SN - 0749-3797, 0749-3797 KW - HIV KW - infectious diseases KW - man KW - Virology & AIDS Abstracts; Health & Safety Science Abstracts KW - Genetic factors KW - Acquired immune deficiency syndrome KW - Morbidity KW - Public health KW - Genetics KW - Infectious diseases KW - Mortality KW - Human immunodeficiency virus KW - H 11000:Diseases/Injuries/Trauma KW - V 22005:AIDS: Epidemiological aspects UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/17345736?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Ahealthsafetyabstracts&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=American+Journal+of+Preventive+Medicine&rft.atitle=Host+genes+and+infectious+diseases.+HIV%2C+other+pathogens%2C+and+a+public+health+perspective&rft.au=McNicholl%2C+J+M%3BCuenco%2C+K+T&rft.aulast=McNicholl&rft.aufirst=J&rft.date=1999-02-01&rft.volume=16&rft.issue=2&rft.spage=141&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=American+Journal+of+Preventive+Medicine&rft.issn=07493797&rft_id=info:doi/10.1016%2FS0749-3797%2898%2900143-3 LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Human immunodeficiency virus; Morbidity; Mortality; Acquired immune deficiency syndrome; Public health; Infectious diseases; Genetic factors; Genetics DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0749-3797(98)00143-3 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Emerging infectious diseases 1997-1998: The role of molecular epidemiology AN - 17245326; 4526574 AB - Almost every year at least one new human pathogen is recognized or the microbial cause of a previously identified disease is determined. The last year has proven to be no exception, with the first human illnesses due to an avian strain of influenza [influenza A (H5N1)] recognized in the latter half of 1997 in Hong Kong. Other firsts during 1997-1998 were the initial reports of nosocomial infections caused by strains of Staphylococcus aureus with reduced susceptibility to glycopeptides (i.e. vancomycin) from Japan and the United States and an outbreak of hantavirus pulmonary syndrome identified in Chile. Other prominent emerging infections continued to garner attention. In the United States, a cluster of Escherichia coli O157:H7 cases generated a massive recall of ground beef, and for the second year in a row widespread outbreaks of cyclosporiasis linked to imported fresh raspberries, and other produce sources, were recognized. Reemergence of infectious diseases thought to be under control also occurred in the last year. Large outbreaks of measles were identified in Sao Paulo and Rio de Janeiro, Brazil, representing the first significant outbreaks of measles in South America in several years. Dengue fever continued to spread to many urban centers of the Americas and Asia. In Africa, a large outbreak of Rift Valley fever occurred in Somalia and Kenya. In the United States, a multistate outbreak of hepatitis A linked to frozen imported strawberries was reported. JF - Memorias do Instituto Oswaldo Cruz AU - Ostroff, S M AD - National Center for Infectious Diseases, Mailstop C12, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, 1600 Clifton Road, Atlanta, Georgia, 30333 USA, smol@cdc.gov Y1 - 1999/02// PY - 1999 DA - Feb 1999 SP - 1 EP - 3 VL - 94 IS - 1 SN - 0074-0276, 0074-0276 KW - Brazil KW - Chile KW - Hong Kong KW - Japan KW - Kenya KW - Somalia KW - USA KW - Virology & AIDS Abstracts; Microbiology Abstracts B: Bacteriology KW - Dengue virus KW - Measles KW - Drug resistance KW - Hepatitis A virus KW - Rift Valley fever KW - Measles virus KW - Influenza KW - Dengue KW - Influenza A virus KW - Escherichia coli KW - Vancomycin KW - Hepatitis A KW - Staphylococcus aureus KW - Food contamination KW - Epidemiology KW - Reviews KW - Nosocomial infection KW - Hantavirus KW - J 02855:Human Bacteriology: Others KW - V 22123:Epidemiology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/17245326?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologyb&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Memorias+do+Instituto+Oswaldo+Cruz&rft.atitle=Emerging+infectious+diseases+1997-1998%3A+The+role+of+molecular+epidemiology&rft.au=Ostroff%2C+S+M&rft.aulast=Ostroff&rft.aufirst=S&rft.date=1999-02-01&rft.volume=94&rft.issue=1&rft.spage=1&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Memorias+do+Instituto+Oswaldo+Cruz&rft.issn=00740276&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Dengue virus; Escherichia coli; Hantavirus; Hepatitis A virus; Influenza A virus; Measles virus; Staphylococcus aureus; Measles; Food contamination; Reviews; Hepatitis A; Nosocomial infection; Rift Valley fever; Vancomycin; Influenza; Drug resistance; Dengue; Epidemiology ER - TY - JOUR T1 - A rapid non-culture-based assay for clinical monitoring of phenotypic resistance of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 to lamivudine (3TC) AN - 17193057; 4482505 AB - Monitoring for lamivudine (3TC) resistance is important both for the clinical management of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1)-infected patients treated with 3TC and for surveillance of transmission of 3TC-resistant HIV-1. We developed a novel non-culture-based assay for the rapid analysis of phenotypic resistance to 3TC of HIV-1 in plasma. The assay measures the susceptibility of HIV-1 reverse transcriptase (RT) activity to 3TC triphosphate (3TC-TP) in plasma. RT detection was done by the Amp-RT assay, an ultrasensitive PCR-based RT assay. Under our assay conditions, we found that 5 mu M 3TC-TP inhibited RT activity from wild-type (WT), zidovudine-resistant, or nevirapine-resistant HIV-1 but not from HIV-1 carrying either the M184V mutation or multidrug (MD) resistance mutations (77L/116Y/151M or 62V/75I/77L/116Y/151M). Mixing experiments showed a detection threshold of 10% 3TC-resistant virus (M184V) in a background of WT HIV-1. To validate the assay for the detection of phenotypic resistance of HIV-1 to 3TC in plasma samples, HIV-1 RT in 30 plasma specimens collected from 15 patients before and during therapy with 3TC was tested for evidence of phenotypic resistance by the Amp-RT assay. The results were compared with those of genotypic analysis. The RT in 12 samples was found to be 3TC sensitive, while the RT in 18 samples had evidence of phenotypic resistance. All 12 samples with 3TC-sensitive RT had WT genotypes at codon 184 and were retrieved before treatment with 3TC. In contrast, all 18 specimens with 3TC-resistant RT were posttherapy samples. This assay provides a simple, rapid, and reliable method for the detection of phenotypic resistance of HIV-1 to 3TC in plasma. JF - Antimicrobial Agents & Chemotherapy AU - Lerma, JGG AU - Schinazi, R F AU - Juodawlkis, A S AU - Soriano, V AU - Lin, Y AU - Tatti, K AU - Rimland, D AU - Folks, ThM AU - Heneine, W AD - HIV and Retrovirology Branch, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, 1600 Clifton Rd., NE, MS G-19, Atlanta, GA 30333, USA, WMH2@cdc.gov Y1 - 1999/02// PY - 1999 DA - Feb 1999 SP - 264 EP - 270 VL - 43 IS - 2 SN - 0066-4804, 0066-4804 KW - Lamivudine KW - Nevirapine KW - Microbiology Abstracts A: Industrial & Applied Microbiology; Virology & AIDS Abstracts KW - Acquired immune deficiency syndrome KW - Plasma KW - Drug resistance KW - Zidovudine KW - Antiviral agents KW - Human immunodeficiency virus 1 KW - RNA-directed DNA polymerase KW - Polymerase chain reaction KW - V 22002:AIDS: Molecular and in vitro aspects KW - A 01064:Microbial resistance UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/17193057?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologya&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Antimicrobial+Agents+%26+Chemotherapy&rft.atitle=A+rapid+non-culture-based+assay+for+clinical+monitoring+of+phenotypic+resistance+of+human+immunodeficiency+virus+type+1+to+lamivudine+%283TC%29&rft.au=Lerma%2C+JGG%3BSchinazi%2C+R+F%3BJuodawlkis%2C+A+S%3BSoriano%2C+V%3BLin%2C+Y%3BTatti%2C+K%3BRimland%2C+D%3BFolks%2C+ThM%3BHeneine%2C+W&rft.aulast=Lerma&rft.aufirst=JGG&rft.date=1999-02-01&rft.volume=43&rft.issue=2&rft.spage=264&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Antimicrobial+Agents+%26+Chemotherapy&rft.issn=00664804&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Human immunodeficiency virus 1; Zidovudine; Plasma; Acquired immune deficiency syndrome; Drug resistance; Polymerase chain reaction; Antiviral agents; RNA-directed DNA polymerase ER - TY - JOUR T1 - An in vitro tissue culture bilayer model to examine early events in Mycobacterium tuberculosis infection AN - 17176935; 4471024 AB - A tissue culture bilayer system that mimics some aspects of early alveolar infection by Mycobacterium tuberculosis was developed. This model incorporates human lung epithelial type II pneumocyte (A549) (upper chamber) and endothelial cell (lower chamber) layers separated by a microporous membrane. This construction makes it possible to observe and quantify the passage of bacteria through the two layers, to observe the interaction of the bacteria with the various cell types, and to examine the basic mechanisms of immune cell recruitment to the site of infection. After 10 super(7) organisms were added to the upper chamber we microscopically observed large numbers of bacteria attached to and within the pneumocytes and we determined by viable-cell counting that a small percentage of the inoculum (0.02 to 0.43%) passed through the bilayer into the lower chamber. When peripheral blood mononuclear cells were added to the lower chamber, microscopic examination indicated a migration of the mononuclear cells through the bilayer to the apical surface, where they were seen associated with the mycobacteria on the pneumocytes. The added complexity of the bilayer system offers an opportunity to define more precisely the roles of the various lung cell types in the pathogenesis of early tuberculosis. JF - Infection and Immunity AU - Birkness, KA AU - Deslauriers, M AU - Bartlett, J H AU - White, E H AU - King, CH AU - Quinn, F D AD - Bldg. 5, Rm. B38, M/S G11, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA 30333, USA, fdq1@cdc.gov Y1 - 1999/02// PY - 1999 DA - Feb 1999 SP - 653 EP - 658 VL - 67 IS - 2 SN - 0019-9567, 0019-9567 KW - Mycobacterium tuberculosis KW - infection KW - Biotechnology and Bioengineering Abstracts; Medical and Pharmaceutical Biotechnology Abstracts; Microbiology Abstracts B: Bacteriology KW - Bilayers KW - Leukocyte migration KW - Endothelium KW - Epithelium KW - Tissue culture KW - Lung KW - Microscopy KW - J 02703:Culture KW - W 30965:Miscellaneous, Reviews KW - W3 33220:Cell culture UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/17176935?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologyb&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Infection+and+Immunity&rft.atitle=An+in+vitro+tissue+culture+bilayer+model+to+examine+early+events+in+Mycobacterium+tuberculosis+infection&rft.au=Birkness%2C+KA%3BDeslauriers%2C+M%3BBartlett%2C+J+H%3BWhite%2C+E+H%3BKing%2C+CH%3BQuinn%2C+F+D&rft.aulast=Birkness&rft.aufirst=KA&rft.date=1999-02-01&rft.volume=67&rft.issue=2&rft.spage=653&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Infection+and+Immunity&rft.issn=00199567&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Mycobacterium tuberculosis; Microscopy; Epithelium; Tissue culture; Endothelium; Bilayers; Lung; Leukocyte migration ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Risk of diphtheria among schoolchildren in the Russian Federation in relation to time since last vaccination AN - 17223308; 4506993 AB - Between 1990 and 1996, more than 110 000 cases and 2900 deaths from diphtheria were reported in the Russian Federation. In 1994, because disease rates were high among children aged 7-10 years, the age of administration of the second booster dose of diphtheria vaccine was lowered from 9 years to 6 years, the age of school entry. To assess the impact of this policy change, we did a matched case-control study in three Russian cities. Children aged 6-8 years who had diphtheria between September, 1994, and December, 1996, were each matched with five to seven children acting as controls who were within 3 months of age of the case and were from the same class at school. We did a matched analysis using conditional logistic regression. We analysed the immunisation records of 58 cases and 306 controls. All but one case and all controls had received at least three doses of diphtheria-toxoid vaccine. 19 (33%) cases and 144 (47%) controls had received a booster dose of diphtheria toxoid within the previous 2 years. Cases were more likely than were controls to have received only four doses rather than five (odds ratio 2.8 [95% Cl 1.2-6.5]) and to have a time since the last dose of diphtheria toxoid of 3-4 years (3.1 [1.1-9.1]) or 5-7 years (15.0 [2.5-89.0]), compared with children for whom it was 2 years or less. On multivariate analysis only a time since the last dose of 5-7 years remained significantly associated with disease (matched odds ratio adjusted for total number of doses 10.9 [1.6-75.1]). A booster dose of diphtheria-toxoid vaccine given to children in the Russian Federation at 6-8 years of age reduced the interval since the last dose of diphtheria toxoid and improved protection against diphtheria. JF - Lancet AU - Vitek, C R AU - Brennan, M B AU - Gotway, CA AU - Bragina, VY AU - Govorukina, N V AU - Kravtsova, ON AU - Rhodes, PH AU - Bisgard, K M AU - Strebel, P M AD - Mailstop E-61, National Immunization Program, Centers for Disease Control, Atlanta, GA 30333, USA, cxv3@cdc.gov Y1 - 1999/01/30/ PY - 1999 DA - 1999 Jan 30 SP - 355 EP - 358 VL - 353 IS - 9150 SN - 0099-5355, 0099-5355 KW - Russia KW - booster dose KW - diphtheria KW - disease control KW - vaccines KW - Microbiology Abstracts B: Bacteriology; Risk Abstracts; Health & Safety Science Abstracts KW - Children KW - Vaccination KW - Public health KW - J 02834:Vaccination and immunization KW - H 11000:Diseases/Injuries/Trauma KW - R2 23060:Medical and environmental health UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/17223308?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologyb&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Lancet&rft.atitle=Risk+of+diphtheria+among+schoolchildren+in+the+Russian+Federation+in+relation+to+time+since+last+vaccination&rft.au=Vitek%2C+C+R%3BBrennan%2C+M+B%3BGotway%2C+CA%3BBragina%2C+VY%3BGovorukina%2C+N+V%3BKravtsova%2C+ON%3BRhodes%2C+PH%3BBisgard%2C+K+M%3BStrebel%2C+P+M&rft.aulast=Vitek&rft.aufirst=C&rft.date=1999-01-30&rft.volume=353&rft.issue=9150&rft.spage=355&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Lancet&rft.issn=00995355&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Children; Public health; Vaccination ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Outbreak of Vibrio parahaemolyticus infection associated with eating raw oysters and clams harvested from Long Island Sound--Connecticut, New Jersey, and New York, 1998. AN - 69566878; 9935142 AB - During July-September 1998, an outbreak of Vibrio parahaemolyticus infections associated with consumption of oysters and clams harvested from Long Island Sound occurred among residents of Connecticut, New Jersey, and New York. This is the first reported outbreak of V. parahaemolyticus linked to consumption of shellfish harvested from New York waters. This report summarizes the investigation of this outbreak. JF - MMWR. Morbidity and mortality weekly report AU - Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) AD - Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) Y1 - 1999/01/29/ PY - 1999 DA - 1999 Jan 29 SP - 48 EP - 51 VL - 48 IS - 3 SN - 0149-2195, 0149-2195 KW - Index Medicus KW - Shellfish Poisoning KW - Animals KW - New Jersey -- epidemiology KW - Humans KW - Connecticut -- epidemiology KW - New York -- epidemiology KW - Bivalvia -- microbiology KW - Vibrio Infections -- etiology KW - Foodborne Diseases -- epidemiology KW - Foodborne Diseases -- etiology KW - Ostreidae -- microbiology KW - Disease Outbreaks KW - Vibrio parahaemolyticus -- isolation & purification KW - Vibrio Infections -- epidemiology KW - Shellfish -- microbiology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/69566878?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=MMWR.+Morbidity+and+mortality+weekly+report&rft.atitle=Outbreak+of+Vibrio+parahaemolyticus+infection+associated+with+eating+raw+oysters+and+clams+harvested+from+Long+Island+Sound--Connecticut%2C+New+Jersey%2C+and+New+York%2C+1998.&rft.au=Centers+for+Disease+Control+and+Prevention+%28CDC%29&rft.aulast=Centers+for+Disease+Control+and+Prevention+%28CDC%29&rft.aufirst=&rft.date=1999-01-29&rft.volume=48&rft.issue=3&rft.spage=48&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=MMWR.+Morbidity+and+mortality+weekly+report&rft.issn=01492195&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1999-02-09 N1 - Date created - 1999-02-09 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Adult lead poisoning from an Asian remedy for menstrual cramps--Connecticut, 1997. AN - 69575442; 9933125 AB - Follow-back procedures to determine the source of elevated blood lead levels (BLLs) are integral parts of the CDC's National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health Adult Blood Lead Epidemiology and Surveillance program (ABLES) in 27 states. Although an estimated 90%-95% of cases of elevated BLLs reported to the states in the ABLES program result from occupational exposures, nonoccupational exposures also are identified by this system. This report describes a case of adult lead poisoning attributed to an Asian remedy for menstrual cramps, "Koo Sar" pills, following an investigation by the Adult Lead Registry of the Connecticut Department of Public Health (CDPH), Division of Environmental Epidemiology and Occupational Health. JF - MMWR. Morbidity and mortality weekly report AU - Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) AD - Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) Y1 - 1999/01/22/ PY - 1999 DA - 1999 Jan 22 SP - 27 EP - 29 VL - 48 IS - 2 SN - 0149-2195, 0149-2195 KW - Index Medicus KW - Menstruation Disturbances -- drug therapy KW - Humans KW - Connecticut -- epidemiology KW - Adult KW - Asian Americans KW - Female KW - Lead Poisoning -- epidemiology KW - Lead Poisoning -- etiology KW - Medicine, Traditional UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/69575442?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=MMWR.+Morbidity+and+mortality+weekly+report&rft.atitle=Adult+lead+poisoning+from+an+Asian+remedy+for+menstrual+cramps--Connecticut%2C+1997.&rft.au=Centers+for+Disease+Control+and+Prevention+%28CDC%29&rft.aulast=Centers+for+Disease+Control+and+Prevention+%28CDC%29&rft.aufirst=&rft.date=1999-01-22&rft.volume=48&rft.issue=2&rft.spage=27&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=MMWR.+Morbidity+and+mortality+weekly+report&rft.issn=01492195&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1999-02-04 N1 - Date created - 1999-02-04 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Comparable Specificity of 2 Commercial Tuberculin Reagents in Persons at Low Risk for Tuberculous Infection AN - 17175384; 4470540 AB - Context One or both commercial tuberculin skin test reagents (Aplisol and Tubersol) may have a high rate of false-positive reactions. Objective To compare the reaction size and specificity of skin testing with Aplisol, Tubersol, and the standard purified protein derivative (PPD-S1). Design Double-blind trial, conducted between May 14, 1997, and October 28, 1997, in which each individual received 4 tuberculin skin reagents at sites assigned at random. Setting Health departments and universities in 6 US cities. Participants A total of 1555 persons at low risk of latent tuberculosis infection. Intervention Simultaneous skin tests with Aplisol, Tubersol, PPD-S1, and either a second PPD-S1 or PPD-S2 (a proposed new standard). Main Outcome Measure Reaction size at each injection site measured by 2 investigators blinded to type of reagent. Results Aplisol produced slightly larger reactions than Tubersol, but this difference did not significantly change skin test interpretation. The mean plus or minus SD reaction sizes were 3.4 plus or minus 4.2 mm with Aplisol, 2.1 plus or minus 3.2 mm with Tubersol, and 2.5 plus or minus 3.6 mm with PPD-S1. Assuming that all participants were uninfected and using a 10-mm cutoff, the specificities of the tests were high: Aplisol, 98.2%; Tubersol, 99.2%; and PPD-S1, 98.9%. Significant variability was not detected in interobserver, host, and lot-to-lot reagent comparisons. Conclusion Using a cutoff of at least 10 mm, testing with 3 different PPD reagents resulted in similar numbers of uninfected persons being correctly classified. JF - Journal of the American Medical Association AU - Villarino, ME AU - Burman, W AU - Wang, Y-C AU - Lundergan, L AU - Catanzaro, A AU - Bock, N AU - Jones, C AU - Nolan, C AD - 1600 Clifton Rd NE, Mailstop E-10, Atlanta, GA 30333, USA, MEV1@cdc.gov Y1 - 1999/01/13/ PY - 1999 DA - 1999 Jan 13 SP - 169 EP - 171 VL - 281 IS - 2 SN - 0098-7484, 0098-7484 KW - Microbiology Abstracts B: Bacteriology KW - False-positives KW - Tuberculosis KW - Tuberculin KW - Diagnostic agents KW - Skin tests KW - Mycobacterium tuberculosis KW - J 02843:Skin UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/17175384?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologyb&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+the+American+Medical+Association&rft.atitle=Comparable+Specificity+of+2+Commercial+Tuberculin+Reagents+in+Persons+at+Low+Risk+for+Tuberculous+Infection&rft.au=Villarino%2C+ME%3BBurman%2C+W%3BWang%2C+Y-C%3BLundergan%2C+L%3BCatanzaro%2C+A%3BBock%2C+N%3BJones%2C+C%3BNolan%2C+C&rft.aulast=Villarino&rft.aufirst=ME&rft.date=1999-01-13&rft.volume=281&rft.issue=2&rft.spage=169&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+the+American+Medical+Association&rft.issn=00987484&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Mycobacterium tuberculosis; Tuberculin; Diagnostic agents; Skin tests; Tuberculosis; False-positives ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Update: multistate outbreak of listeriosis--United States, 1998-1999. AN - 69570296; 9921730 AB - From early August 1998 through January 6, 1999, at least 50 illnesses caused by a rare strain of the bacterium Listeria monocytogenes, serotype 4b, have been reported to CDC by 11 states. Six adults have died and two pregnant women have had spontaneous abortions. Reported illness onset dates were during August 2-December 13, 1998. CDC and state and local health departments have identified the vehicle for transmission as hot dogs and possibly deli meats produced under many brand names by one manufacturer. This report updates the investigation of this outbreak. JF - MMWR. Morbidity and mortality weekly report AU - Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) AD - Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) Y1 - 1999/01/08/ PY - 1999 DA - 1999 Jan 08 SP - 1117 EP - 1118 VL - 47 IS - 51-52 SN - 0149-2195, 0149-2195 KW - Index Medicus KW - Listeria monocytogenes -- isolation & purification KW - Humans KW - Adult KW - United States -- epidemiology KW - Male KW - Female KW - Pregnancy KW - Listeriosis -- epidemiology KW - Foodborne Diseases -- epidemiology KW - Meat Products -- microbiology KW - Listeriosis -- etiology KW - Disease Outbreaks UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/69570296?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=MMWR.+Morbidity+and+mortality+weekly+report&rft.atitle=Update%3A+multistate+outbreak+of+listeriosis--United+States%2C+1998-1999.&rft.au=Centers+for+Disease+Control+and+Prevention+%28CDC%29&rft.aulast=Centers+for+Disease+Control+and+Prevention+%28CDC%29&rft.aufirst=&rft.date=1999-01-08&rft.volume=47&rft.issue=51-52&rft.spage=1117&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=MMWR.+Morbidity+and+mortality+weekly+report&rft.issn=01492195&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1999-01-28 N1 - Date created - 1999-01-28 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Preemptive state tobacco-control laws--United States, 1982-1998. AN - 69559776; 9921728 AB - Cigarette smoking is the leading preventable cause of death in the United States. Environmental and policy interventions, particularly tobacco-control laws and regulations, are an important means to prevent and reduce tobacco use. For this study, preemptive legislation was defined as legislation that prevents any local jurisdiction from enacting restrictions that are more stringent than the state law or restrictions that may vary from the state law. One of the national health objectives for 2000 is to reduce to zero the number of states with preemptive smokefree indoor air laws (objective 3.25); a proposed objective for 2010 is to reduce the number of states with any preemptive tobacco-control laws to zero. To document trends in preemptive tobacco-control legislation at the state level, CDC identified state preemptive provisions and their effective dates from June 1982 (the oldest provision currently in effect) to September 1998. This report summarizes the results of this analysis, which indicate an increase in the number of preemptive provisions from 1982 to 1996; no preemptive provisions in tobacco-control laws have been enacted since 1996. JF - MMWR. Morbidity and mortality weekly report AU - Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) AD - Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) Y1 - 1999/01/08/ PY - 1999 DA - 1999 Jan 08 SP - 1112 EP - 1114 VL - 47 IS - 51-52 SN - 0149-2195, 0149-2195 KW - Tobacco Smoke Pollution KW - 0 KW - Index Medicus KW - United States KW - State Government KW - Humans KW - Smoking -- legislation & jurisprudence KW - Tobacco Smoke Pollution -- legislation & jurisprudence KW - Commerce -- legislation & jurisprudence KW - Tobacco Industry -- legislation & jurisprudence UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/69559776?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=MMWR.+Morbidity+and+mortality+weekly+report&rft.atitle=Preemptive+state+tobacco-control+laws--United+States%2C+1982-1998.&rft.au=Centers+for+Disease+Control+and+Prevention+%28CDC%29&rft.aulast=Centers+for+Disease+Control+and+Prevention+%28CDC%29&rft.aufirst=&rft.date=1999-01-08&rft.volume=47&rft.issue=51-52&rft.spage=1112&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=MMWR.+Morbidity+and+mortality+weekly+report&rft.issn=01492195&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1999-01-28 N1 - Date created - 1999-01-28 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Trends in Infectious Disease Mortality in the United States During the 20th Century AN - 17151393; 4441242 AB - Objective. To describe trends in infectious disease mortality in the United States during the 20th century. Design and Setting. Descriptive study of infectious disease mortality in the United States. Deaths due to infectious diseases from 1900 to 1996 were tallied by using mortality tables. Trends in age-specific infectious disease mortality were examined by using age-specific death rates for 9 common infectious causes of death. Subjects. Persons who died in the United States between 1900 and 1996. Results. Infectious disease mortality declined during the first 8 decades of the 20th century from 797 deaths per 100 000 in 1900 to 36 deaths per 100 000 in 1980. From 1981 to 1995, the mortality rate increased to a peak of 63 deaths per 100 000 in 1995 and declined to 59 deaths per 100 000 in 1996. The decline was interrupted by a sharp spike in mortality caused by the 1918 influenza epidemic. From 1938 to 1952, the decline was particularly rapid, with mortality decreasing 8.2% per year. Pneumonia and influenza were responsible for the largest number of infectious disease deaths throughout the century. Tuberculosis caused almost as many deaths as pneumonia and influenza early in the century, but tuberculosis mortality dropped off sharply after 1945. Infectious disease mortality increased in the 1980s and early 1990s in persons aged 25 years and older and was mainly due to the emergence of the acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) in 25- to 64-year-olds and, to a lesser degree, to increases in pneumonia and influenza deaths among persons aged 65 years and older. There was considerable year-to-year variability in infectious disease mortality, especially for the youngest and oldest age groups. Conclusions. Although most of the 20th century has been marked by declining infectious disease mortality, substantial year-to-year variation as well as recent increases emphasize the dynamic nature of infectious diseases and the need for preparedness to address them. JF - Journal of the American Medical Association AU - Armstrong, G L AU - Conn, LA AU - Pinner, R W AD - Mailstop C-12, 1600 Clifton Rd NE, Atlanta, GA 30333, USA, gca3@cdc.gov Y1 - 1999/01/06/ PY - 1999 DA - 1999 Jan 06 SP - 61 EP - 66 VL - 281 IS - 1 SN - 0098-7484, 0098-7484 KW - USA KW - infectious diseases KW - influenza KW - pneumonia KW - tuberculosis KW - Health & Safety Science Abstracts KW - Historical account KW - Mortality KW - Acquired immune deficiency syndrome KW - Statistical analysis KW - H 11000:Diseases/Injuries/Trauma KW - H 12000:Epidemiology and Public Health UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/17151393?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Ahealthsafetyabstracts&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+the+American+Medical+Association&rft.atitle=Trends+in+Infectious+Disease+Mortality+in+the+United+States+During+the+20th+Century&rft.au=Armstrong%2C+G+L%3BConn%2C+LA%3BPinner%2C+R+W&rft.aulast=Armstrong&rft.aufirst=G&rft.date=1999-01-06&rft.volume=281&rft.issue=1&rft.spage=61&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+the+American+Medical+Association&rft.issn=00987484&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Mortality; Historical account; Acquired immune deficiency syndrome; Statistical analysis ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Measuring endocrine profiles of women in field studies. AN - 69735463; 10235400 AB - Improved methods are needed to evaluate the effects of occupational and environmental hazards on the reproductive health of human female populations. This communication describes highly specific, sensitive, and reliable time-resolved fluorescence immunoassays for measuring luteinizing hormone (LH) and follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH), estrone 3-glucuronide (E13G), and pregnanediol 3-glucuronide (Pd3G) in urine, a fluid that is convenient and painless to collect serially from large populations. Furthermore, some of the technical issues relevant to the successful application of these measurements to field studies are discussed. JF - Scandinavian journal of work, environment & health AU - Kesner, J S AU - Knecht, E A AU - Krieg, E F AD - Experimental Toxicology Branch, Division of Biomedical and Behavioral Science, National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, Cincinnati, Ohio 45226, USA. JSK4@cdc.gov Y1 - 1999 PY - 1999 DA - 1999 SP - 17 EP - 19 VL - 25 Suppl 1 SN - 0355-3140, 0355-3140 KW - Estrogens KW - 0 KW - Gonadotropins, Pituitary KW - Progestins KW - Index Medicus KW - Sensitivity and Specificity KW - Humans KW - Fluoroimmunoassay KW - Female KW - Progestins -- urine KW - Estrogens -- urine KW - Gonadotropins, Pituitary -- urine KW - Environmental Monitoring -- methods UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/69735463?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Scandinavian+journal+of+work%2C+environment+%26+health&rft.atitle=Measuring+endocrine+profiles+of+women+in+field+studies.&rft.au=Kesner%2C+J+S%3BKnecht%2C+E+A%3BKrieg%2C+E+F&rft.aulast=Kesner&rft.aufirst=J&rft.date=1999-01-01&rft.volume=25+Suppl+1&rft.issue=&rft.spage=17&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Scandinavian+journal+of+work%2C+environment+%26+health&rft.issn=03553140&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1999-06-29 N1 - Date created - 1999-06-29 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Strategies for biological monitoring of exposure for contemporary-use pesticides. AN - 69668112; 10188199 AB - Pesticides are used on a massive scale in the United States. The widespread use of these pesticides has made it virtually impossible for the average person to avoid exposure at some level. Generally, it is believed that low-level exposure to these pesticides does not produce acute toxic effects; however, various cancers and other noncancer health endpoints have been associated with chronic exposure to several groups of pesticides. Therefore, it is imperative that well-designed studies investigate the potential relationship between contemporary pesticide exposure and health effects. For these studies to be accurate, reliable methods for determining individual exposure must be used. Biological monitoring is a useful tool for assessing exposure to some contemporary pesticides. As with any analytical method, biological monitoring entails many difficulties, but, in many instances, they can be overcome by the logical use of available information and information acquired in carefully designed studies. At the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), we have acquired extensive experience in the development and application of specific techniques for biological monitoring of a variety of toxicants, including many of the contemporary-use pesticides. We have used these methods to measure the internal dose of pesticides received by people in acute and chronic incidents resulting from both environmental and industrial exposure. Additionally, we have established normative values, or reference ranges, of several pesticides based on measurements of their metabolites in the urine of randomly selected adults in the US population. These data have been successfully used to distinguish overt exposures from 'background' exposure. In this paper, we present several examples of the usefulness of biological monitoring in urine and blood and describe the difficulties involved with developing methods in these matrices. We also present a general strategy, considerations, and recommendations for developing biological monitoring techniques for measuring the internal dose of contemporary-use pesticides. JF - Toxicology and industrial health AU - Barr, D B AU - Barr, J R AU - Driskell, W J AU - Hill, R H AU - Ashley, D L AU - Needham, L L AU - Head, S L AU - Sampson, E J AD - Division of Environmental Health Laboratory Sciences, National Center for Environmental Health, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA 30341, USA. dlb1@cdc.gov PY - 1999 SP - 168 EP - 179 VL - 15 IS - 1-2 SN - 0748-2337, 0748-2337 KW - Pesticides KW - 0 KW - Index Medicus KW - Occupational Exposure KW - Reference Values KW - Humans KW - Adult KW - Risk Assessment KW - Pesticides -- analysis KW - Environmental Exposure -- analysis KW - Pesticides -- pharmacology KW - Pesticides -- adverse effects KW - Environmental Monitoring -- methods UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/69668112?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Toxicology+and+industrial+health&rft.atitle=Strategies+for+biological+monitoring+of+exposure+for+contemporary-use+pesticides.&rft.au=Barr%2C+D+B%3BBarr%2C+J+R%3BDriskell%2C+W+J%3BHill%2C+R+H%3BAshley%2C+D+L%3BNeedham%2C+L+L%3BHead%2C+S+L%3BSampson%2C+E+J&rft.aulast=Barr&rft.aufirst=D&rft.date=1999-01-01&rft.volume=15&rft.issue=1-2&rft.spage=168&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Toxicology+and+industrial+health&rft.issn=07482337&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1999-05-25 N1 - Date created - 1999-05-25 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Reduction of chromium(VI) and its relationship to carcinogenesis. AN - 69627666; 10081526 AB - Although Cr(VI)-containing compounds are well-documented carcinogens, their mechanism of action is still not well understood. Recent studies have suggested that reduction of Cr(VI) to its lower oxidation states and related free-radical reactions play an important role in carcinogenesis. This article summarizes recent studies on (1) the reduction of Cr(VI) by ascorbate, diol- and thiol-containing molecules, certain flavoenzymes, cell organelles, intact cells, and whole animals; (2) free-radical production with emphasis on hydroxy radical generation via Fenton or Haber-Weiss type reactions; and (3) free-radical-induced cellular damage, such as DNA strand breaks, hydroxylation of 2'-deoxyguanosine, and activation of nuclear transcription factor kappa B. JF - Journal of toxicology and environmental health. Part B, Critical reviews AU - Shi, X AU - Chiu, A AU - Chen, C T AU - Halliwell, B AU - Castranova, V AU - Vallyathan, V AD - Pathology and Physiology Research Branch, Health Effects Laboratory Division, National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, Morgantown, West Virginia 26505, USA. xas0@cdc.gov PY - 1999 SP - 87 EP - 104 VL - 2 IS - 1 SN - 1093-7404, 1093-7404 KW - Carcinogens KW - 0 KW - Free Radicals KW - Chromium KW - 0R0008Q3JB KW - Index Medicus KW - Oxidation-Reduction KW - Animals KW - DNA Damage KW - Humans KW - Free Radicals -- metabolism KW - Chromium -- chemistry KW - Carcinogens -- chemistry KW - Neoplasms -- chemically induced KW - Carcinogens -- toxicity KW - Chromium -- toxicity KW - Neoplasms -- metabolism UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/69627666?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+toxicology+and+environmental+health.+Part+B%2C+Critical+reviews&rft.atitle=Reduction+of+chromium%28VI%29+and+its+relationship+to+carcinogenesis.&rft.au=Shi%2C+X%3BChiu%2C+A%3BChen%2C+C+T%3BHalliwell%2C+B%3BCastranova%2C+V%3BVallyathan%2C+V&rft.aulast=Shi&rft.aufirst=X&rft.date=1999-01-01&rft.volume=2&rft.issue=1&rft.spage=87&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+toxicology+and+environmental+health.+Part+B%2C+Critical+reviews&rft.issn=10937404&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1999-03-29 N1 - Date created - 1999-03-29 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Condom use and HIV risk behaviors among U.S. adults: data from a national survey. AN - 69595067; 10029929 AB - How much condom use among U.S. adults varies by type of partner or by risk behavior is unclear. Knowledge of such differentials would aid in evaluating the progress being made toward goals for levels of condom use as part of the Healthy People 2000 initiative. Data were analyzed from the 1996 National Household Survey of Drug Abuse, an annual household-based probability sample of the noninstitutionalized population aged 12 and older that measures the use of illicit drugs, alcohol and tobacco. The personal behaviors module included 25 questions covering sexual activity in the past year, frequency of condom use in the past year, circumstances of the last sexual encounter and HIV testing. Sixty-two percent of adults reported using a condom at last intercourse outside of an ongoing relationship, while only 19% reported using condoms when the most recent intercourse occurred within a steady relationship. Within ongoing relationships, condom use was highest among respondents who were younger, black, of lower income and from large metropolitan areas. Forty percent of unmarried adults used a condom at last sex, compared with the health objective of 50% for the year 2000. Forty percent of injecting drug users used condoms at last intercourse, compared with the 60% condom use objective for high-risk individuals. Significantly, persons at increased risk for HIV because of their sexual behavior or drug use were not more likely to use condoms than were persons not at increased risk; only 22% used condoms during last intercourse within an ongoing relationship. Substantial progress has been made toward national goals for increasing condom use. The rates of condom use by individuals at high risk of HIV need to be increased, however, particularly condom use with a steady partner. JF - Family planning perspectives AU - Anderson, J E AU - Wilson, R AU - Doll, L AU - Jones, T S AU - Barker, P AD - Behavioral Intelligence Research Branch, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), Atlanta, USA. PY - 1999 SP - 24 EP - 28 VL - 31 IS - 1 SN - 0014-7354, 0014-7354 KW - Index Medicus KW - Population KW - AIDS/HIV KW - United States KW - Multiple Partners KW - Barrier Methods KW - Research Methodology KW - Sex Behavior KW - Contraceptive Methods KW - Developed Countries KW - Hiv Infections KW - Sexual Partners KW - Sampling Studies KW - Diseases KW - Family Planning KW - Iv Drug Users KW - North America KW - Americas KW - Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome KW - Surveys KW - Research Report KW - Studies KW - Condom KW - Northern America KW - Contraception KW - Behavior KW - Viral Diseases KW - Risk Factors KW - Risk Behavior--determinants KW - Drug Usage KW - Biology KW - Marital Status KW - Cross-Sectional Studies KW - Motivation KW - Humans KW - Health Surveys KW - Adult KW - Confidence Intervals KW - Substance Abuse, Intravenous -- epidemiology KW - Middle Aged KW - United States -- epidemiology KW - Male KW - Female KW - Condoms -- utilization KW - Risk-Taking KW - HIV Infections -- transmission KW - HIV Infections -- prevention & control KW - Health Behavior KW - HIV Infections -- psychology KW - HIV Infections -- epidemiology KW - Sexual Behavior -- statistics & numerical data UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/69595067?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Family+planning+perspectives&rft.atitle=Condom+use+and+HIV+risk+behaviors+among+U.S.+adults%3A+data+from+a+national+survey.&rft.au=Anderson%2C+J+E%3BWilson%2C+R%3BDoll%2C+L%3BJones%2C+T+S%3BBarker%2C+P&rft.aulast=Anderson&rft.aufirst=J&rft.date=1999-01-01&rft.volume=31&rft.issue=1&rft.spage=24&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Family+planning+perspectives&rft.issn=00147354&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1999-05-17 N1 - Date created - 1999-05-17 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Should pharmacists sell sterile syringes to injection drug users? AN - 69574275; 9990178 JF - Journal of the American Pharmaceutical Association (Washington,D.C. : 1996) AU - Jones, T S AU - Taussig, J AD - Division of HIV/AIDS Prevention-Intervention, Research, and Support, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA 30333, USA.tsjl@cdc.gov PY - 1999 SP - 8 EP - 10 VL - 39 IS - 1 SN - 1086-5802, 1086-5802 KW - Index Medicus KW - AIDS/HIV KW - United States KW - Prescriptions KW - HIV Infections -- transmission KW - Commerce -- legislation & jurisprudence KW - Needle Sharing KW - Humans KW - Needle-Exchange Programs -- legislation & jurisprudence KW - HIV Infections -- prevention & control KW - Health Services Accessibility KW - Attitude of Health Personnel KW - Blood-Borne Pathogens KW - Syringes KW - Pharmacists KW - Substance Abuse, Intravenous UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/69574275?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+the+American+Pharmaceutical+Association+%28Washington%2CD.C.+%3A+1996%29&rft.atitle=Should+pharmacists+sell+sterile+syringes+to+injection+drug+users%3F&rft.au=Jones%2C+T+S%3BTaussig%2C+J&rft.aulast=Jones&rft.aufirst=T&rft.date=1999-01-01&rft.volume=39&rft.issue=1&rft.spage=8&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+the+American+Pharmaceutical+Association+%28Washington%2CD.C.+%3A+1996%29&rft.issn=10865802&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1999-03-24 N1 - Date created - 1999-03-24 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Injuries associated with snowmobiles, Alaska, 1993-1994. AN - 69566785; 9925171 AB - To characterize the nature and burden of snowmobile injuries in Alaska by examining injury deaths and hospitalizations associated with snowmobiles and comparing these with injury deaths and hospitalizations associated with on-road motor vehicles. The authors used vital statistics, medical examiner, Department of Public Safety, and Department of Transportation records to identify snowmobile injury deaths, and used vital statistics mortality files to identify on-road motor vehicle injury deaths. The Alaska Trauma Registry provided data on hospitalizations. The number of vehicles in use in 1993-1994 was estimated from snowmobile sales and on-road motor vehicle registrations. For 1993-1994, injury death and hospitalization rates were greater for snowmobiles than for on-road motor vehicles. In northern Alaska, snowmobile injuries outnumbered on-road motor vehicle injuries. A total of 26 snowmobile injury deaths were reported; 7 decedents drowned after breaking through ice and 8 were ejected from vehicles. More than half (58%) of the snowmobile injury deaths involved a natural object such as a boulder, ravine, or river. Of the 17 decedents for whom blood alcohol concentrations were available, 11 (65%) had blood alcohol concentrations > or = 100 mg/dL. Natural obstacles and alcohol intoxication contribute to the high risk of injury death associated with snowmobile use. Injury control strategies, including trail development and improvement, should be evaluated. JF - Public health reports (Washington, D.C. : 1974) AU - Landen, M G AU - Middaugh, J AU - Dannenberg, A L AD - Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), Alaska Division of Public Health, Anchorage, USA. mg15@cdc.gov PY - 1999 SP - 48 EP - 52 VL - 114 IS - 1 SN - 0033-3549, 0033-3549 KW - Abridged Index Medicus KW - Index Medicus KW - Causality KW - Accidents, Traffic -- mortality KW - Humans KW - Alaska -- epidemiology KW - Alcoholic Intoxication -- prevention & control KW - Aged KW - Child KW - Alcoholic Intoxication -- complications KW - Accidents, Traffic -- prevention & control KW - Cause of Death KW - Child, Preschool KW - Infant KW - Cross-Sectional Studies KW - Aged, 80 and over KW - Adult KW - Patient Admission -- statistics & numerical data KW - Incidence KW - Middle Aged KW - Alcoholic Intoxication -- mortality KW - Adolescent KW - Male KW - Female KW - Wounds and Injuries -- etiology KW - Wounds and Injuries -- prevention & control KW - Wounds and Injuries -- mortality KW - Off-Road Motor Vehicles -- statistics & numerical data UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/69566785?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Public+health+reports+%28Washington%2C+D.C.+%3A+1974%29&rft.atitle=Injuries+associated+with+snowmobiles%2C+Alaska%2C+1993-1994.&rft.au=Landen%2C+M+G%3BMiddaugh%2C+J%3BDannenberg%2C+A+L&rft.aulast=Landen&rft.aufirst=M&rft.date=1999-01-01&rft.volume=114&rft.issue=1&rft.spage=48&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Public+health+reports+%28Washington%2C+D.C.+%3A+1974%29&rft.issn=00333549&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1999-02-05 N1 - Date created - 1999-02-05 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - SuppNotes - Cited By: J Trauma. 1982 Dec;22(12):977-82 [7143510] JAMA. 1986 May 9;255(18):2454-8 [3701962] Med Care. 1989 Apr;27(4):412-22 [2649755] Arctic Med Res. 1994 Oct;53(4):196-9 [7857478] CMAJ. 1992 Jan 15;146(2):147-52 [1735039] Arctic Med Res. 1992;51 Suppl 7:64-70 [1285821] Ann Emerg Med. 1994 Nov;24(5):842-8 [7978556] Public Health Rep. 1989 Sep-Oct;104(5):493-8 [2508179] N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Reducing uncertainty in the derivation and application of health guidance values in public health practice. Dioxin as a case study. AN - 69434749; 10676427 AB - We were requested by the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) to clarify the relationships among the minimal risk level (MRL), action level, and environmental media evaluation guide (EMEG) for dioxin established by the Agency for Toxic Substances and Disease Registry (ATSDR). In response we developed a document entitled "Dioxin and Dioxin-Like Compounds in Soil, Part I: ATSDR Interim Policy Guideline"; and a supporting document entitled "Dioxin and Dioxin-Like Compounds in Soil, Part II: Technical Support Document". In these documents, we evaluated the key assumptions underlying the development and use of the ATSDR action level, MRL, and EMEG for dioxin. We described the chronology of events outlining these different health guidance values for dioxin and identified the areas of uncertainty surrounding these values. Four scientific assumptions were found to have had a great impact on this process; these were: (1) the specific uncertainty factors used, (2) the toxicity equivalent (TEQ) approach, (3) the fractional exposure from different pathways, and (4) the use of body burdens in the absence of exposure data. This information was subsequently used to develop a framework for reducing the uncertainties in public health risk assessment associated with exposure to other chemical contaminants in the environment. Within this framework are a number of future directions for reducing uncertainty, including physiologically based pharmacokinetic modeling (PBPK), benchmark dose modeling (BMD), functional toxicology, and the assessment of chemical mixture interactions. JF - Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences AU - De Rosa, C T AU - Pohl, H R AU - Hansen, H AU - Leonard, R C AU - Holler, J AU - Jones, D AD - Agency for Toxic Substances and Disease Registry Public Health Service, U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, Atlanta, Georgia 30333, USA. cyd0@cdc.com Y1 - 1999 PY - 1999 DA - 1999 SP - 348 EP - 364 VL - 895 SN - 0077-8923, 0077-8923 KW - Dioxins KW - 0 KW - Environmental Pollutants KW - Index Medicus KW - United States KW - Reference Values KW - Environmental Health KW - Humans KW - Toxicity Tests KW - Public Policy KW - Pharmacokinetics KW - Risk Assessment KW - Dioxins -- adverse effects KW - Policy Making KW - Environmental Pollutants -- standards KW - Public Health KW - Benchmarking KW - Dioxins -- standards KW - Environmental Pollutants -- adverse effects UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/69434749?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Annals+of+the+New+York+Academy+of+Sciences&rft.atitle=Reducing+uncertainty+in+the+derivation+and+application+of+health+guidance+values+in+public+health+practice.+Dioxin+as+a+case+study.&rft.au=De+Rosa%2C+C+T%3BPohl%2C+H+R%3BHansen%2C+H%3BLeonard%2C+R+C%3BHoller%2C+J%3BJones%2C+D&rft.aulast=De+Rosa&rft.aufirst=C&rft.date=1999-01-01&rft.volume=895&rft.issue=&rft.spage=348&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Annals+of+the+New+York+Academy+of+Sciences&rft.issn=00778923&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 2000-03-01 N1 - Date created - 2000-03-01 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Sources of uncertainty in dose-response modeling of epidemiological data for cancer risk assessment. AN - 69433679; 10676419 AB - Epidemiologic data is increasingly being used for dose-response analysis in risk assessment. The Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) and other U.S. agencies have expressed a preference for using epidemiologic data rather than toxicologic data when possible. However, there are a number of important sources of uncertainty in using epidemiologic data for this purpose that need to be clearly recognized and, when possible, quantified. This paper presents a critical review of the major sources of uncertainty in the use of epidemiologic data for cancer risk assessment. These may include: (1) study design issues such as potential confounding and other biases, inadequate sample size, and followup, (2) the choice of the data set, (3) specification of the dose-response model, (4) estimation of exposure and dose, and (5) unrecognized variability in susceptibility. Examples from risk assessments for cadmium, asbestos, and diesel exhaust are used to illustrate the potential magnitude of some of these sources of uncertainty. It is shown that the overall uncertainty from these various sources combined may often result in highly uncertain risk estimates from dose-response modeling of epidemiologic data. For this reason, we believe it is best to present a range of possible risk estimates, which, to the extent possible, reflects the variability and uncertainty inherent in the dose-response evaluation of epidemiologic data. JF - Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences AU - Stayner, L AU - Bailer, A J AU - Smith, R AU - Gilbert, S AU - Rice, F AU - Kuempel, E AD - Department of Health and Human Services, National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, Robert A. Taft Laboratories, Cincinnati, Ohio 45226, USA. lts2@cdc.gov Y1 - 1999 PY - 1999 DA - 1999 SP - 212 EP - 222 VL - 895 SN - 0077-8923, 0077-8923 KW - Carcinogens KW - 0 KW - Cadmium KW - 00BH33GNGH KW - Asbestos KW - 1332-21-4 KW - Index Medicus KW - Sensitivity and Specificity KW - Cadmium -- adverse effects KW - Reproducibility of Results KW - Epidemiologic Studies KW - Dose-Response Relationship, Drug KW - Humans KW - Asbestos -- adverse effects KW - Research Design KW - Motor Vehicles KW - Risk Assessment KW - Neoplasms -- etiology KW - Carcinogens -- adverse effects UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/69433679?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Annals+of+the+New+York+Academy+of+Sciences&rft.atitle=Sources+of+uncertainty+in+dose-response+modeling+of+epidemiological+data+for+cancer+risk+assessment.&rft.au=Stayner%2C+L%3BBailer%2C+A+J%3BSmith%2C+R%3BGilbert%2C+S%3BRice%2C+F%3BKuempel%2C+E&rft.aulast=Stayner&rft.aufirst=L&rft.date=1999-01-01&rft.volume=895&rft.issue=&rft.spage=212&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Annals+of+the+New+York+Academy+of+Sciences&rft.issn=00778923&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 2000-03-01 N1 - Date created - 2000-03-01 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Using molecular epidemiology in assessing exposure for risk assessment. AN - 69433064; 10676411 AB - Quantitative estimation of health risks depends on exposure characterization, the nature of the dose response relationships, and the toxicity of the agents involved. The greatest uncertainties in risk assessment almost always arise from sparse or inadequate exposure data, inadequate understanding of exposure mechanisms, and insufficient understanding of the exposure-dose-response pathway. Additional sources of uncertainty arise when mixed or multiple exposures are implicated in the disease pathway, and as a result of variability in both exposures and responses within and between individuals. Here we consider the role of exposure assessment in the risk assessment process, the use of biological markers or molecular epidemiology to contribute to improvements in exposure assessment for risk assessment, and uncertainties associated with the use of biological markers. JF - Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences AU - Schulte, P A AU - Waters, M AD - National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH), Education and Information Division, Robert A. Taft Laboratories, Cincinnati, Ohio 45226, USA. pas4@cdc/gov Y1 - 1999 PY - 1999 DA - 1999 SP - 101 EP - 111 VL - 895 SN - 0077-8923, 0077-8923 KW - Biomarkers KW - 0 KW - Xenobiotics KW - Index Medicus KW - Reproducibility of Results KW - Dose-Response Relationship, Drug KW - Humans KW - Biomarkers -- analysis KW - Research Design KW - Risk Assessment KW - Molecular Epidemiology KW - Environmental Exposure -- analysis KW - Xenobiotics -- adverse effects UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/69433064?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Annals+of+the+New+York+Academy+of+Sciences&rft.atitle=Using+molecular+epidemiology+in+assessing+exposure+for+risk+assessment.&rft.au=Schulte%2C+P+A%3BWaters%2C+M&rft.aulast=Schulte&rft.aufirst=P&rft.date=1999-01-01&rft.volume=895&rft.issue=&rft.spage=101&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Annals+of+the+New+York+Academy+of+Sciences&rft.issn=00778923&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 2000-03-01 N1 - Date created - 2000-03-01 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Poisoning-related visits to emergency departments in the United States, 1993-1996. AN - 69398128; 10630264 AB - Poisoning continues to be an important public health problem in the US. In 1995, 2 million human poison exposures were reported to all poison centers in the US. Hospital emergency department data may be used to examine the most critical nonfatal poisoning exposures. Data from the 1993-1996 National Hospital Ambulatory Medical Care Survey, which is a national probability sample survey of visits to emergency departments of nonFederal, short-stay, and general hospitals, were examined to describe poisoning-related emergency department visits in the US. During 1993-1996, the average annual number of emergency department visits was 93 million, of which 37 million were injury related and 1 million were poisoning related. Children under 5 years of age had a significantly higher average annual rate of poisoning-related visits (84 visits per 10,000 persons) than persons 5-19 years of age and persons 35 years of age and over. "Poisoning by other and unspecified drugs and medicinal substances" was the leading diagnosis and was recorded at 21% of all poisoning-related visits. Poisoning-related visits were more often recorded as urgent (75%) and were more likely to result in hospital admission (22%) compared to illness visits (45% and 17%, respectively) and nonpoisoning-related injury visits (47% and 6%, respectively). Poisoning-related injury visits comprise a small (1%), but important component of the health care provided in emergency departments. An examination of different definitions of poisoning revealed that for emergency department data, it is most appropriate to use the poisoning E-codes from the injury data framework developed by the injury control community. Data from emergency departments are needed to monitor any changing patterns of nonfatal poisonings and to provide guidance for effective poison prevention programs. JF - Journal of toxicology. Clinical toxicology AU - McCaig, L F AU - Burt, C W AD - National Center for Health Statistics, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Hyattsville, Maryland 20782, USA. lfm1@cdc.gov Y1 - 1999 PY - 1999 DA - 1999 SP - 817 EP - 826 VL - 37 IS - 7 SN - 0731-3810, 0731-3810 KW - Abridged Index Medicus KW - Index Medicus KW - Socioeconomic Factors KW - Probability KW - Humans KW - Adult KW - Child KW - Hospitalization -- statistics & numerical data KW - Adolescent KW - United States -- epidemiology KW - Male KW - Female KW - Child, Preschool KW - Poisoning -- epidemiology KW - Poisoning -- mortality KW - Emergency Medical Services UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/69398128?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+toxicology.+Clinical+toxicology&rft.atitle=Poisoning-related+visits+to+emergency+departments+in+the+United+States%2C+1993-1996.&rft.au=McCaig%2C+L+F%3BBurt%2C+C+W&rft.aulast=McCaig&rft.aufirst=L&rft.date=1999-01-01&rft.volume=37&rft.issue=7&rft.spage=817&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+toxicology.+Clinical+toxicology&rft.issn=07313810&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 2000-01-24 N1 - Date created - 2000-01-24 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Partner Abuse and Posttraumatic Stress Disorder as Risk Factors for Suicide Attempts in a Sample of Low-Income, Inner-City Women AN - 1761726752; 199905295 AB - In an examination of partner abuse & posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) as risk factors for suicidal behavior among women, & of whether PTSD mediated the partner abuse-suicidal behavior association, scale data were solicited from 204 women who presented to a large public health care hospital serving an impoverished, minority, urban population. Suicide attempters (N = 119) were 3 times more likely to be above clinical cut points for physical partner abuse, nonphysical abuse, & PTSD than nonattempters (N = 85). Further, PTSD mediated the link between physical partner abuse & suicidality, such that when PTSD was statistically controlled, the association between physical partner abuse & suicide attempt status was reduced to nonsignificance. Implications are drawn for interventions for female victims of partner abuse & suicide attempters. 2 Tables, 40 References. Adapted from the source document. JF - Journal of Traumatic Stress AU - Thompson, Martie P AU - Kaslow, Nadine J AU - Kingree, J B AU - Puett, Robin AU - Thompson, Nancy J AU - Meadows, Lindi AD - CDC, NCIPC, Division of Violence Prevention, 4770 Buford Highway, Mailstop K-60, Atlanta, GA 30341-3724 Y1 - 1999/01// PY - 1999 DA - January 1999 SP - 59 EP - 72 VL - 12 IS - 1 SN - 0894-9867, 0894-9867 KW - Low Income Groups KW - Risk KW - Central Cities KW - Family Violence KW - Suicide KW - Battered Women KW - Females KW - Posttraumatic Stress Disorder KW - article KW - 6143: child & family welfare KW - 6142: mental & emotional problems UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/1761726752?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Asocialservices&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Traumatic+Stress&rft.atitle=Partner+Abuse+and+Posttraumatic+Stress+Disorder+as+Risk+Factors+for+Suicide+Attempts+in+a+Sample+of+Low-Income%2C+Inner-City+Women&rft.au=Thompson%2C+Martie+P%3BKaslow%2C+Nadine+J%3BKingree%2C+J+B%3BPuett%2C+Robin%3BThompson%2C+Nancy+J%3BMeadows%2C+Lindi&rft.aulast=Thompson&rft.aufirst=Martie&rft.date=1999-01-01&rft.volume=12&rft.issue=1&rft.spage=59&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+Traumatic+Stress&rft.issn=08949867&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - Social Services Abstracts N1 - Date revised - 2016-02-01 N1 - Last updated - 2016-09-28 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Posttraumatic Stress Disorder; Suicide; Family Violence; Battered Women; Risk; Low Income Groups; Central Cities; Females ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Adolescent Risk for HIV Infection: Comparison of Four High Risk Samples AN - 17507988; 4697228 AB - Adolescents (N = 482) at elevated risk for sexually-transmitted diseases, including HIV/AIDS, were assessed on theoretically-derived measures of knowledge and attitudes toward precautionary behavior, frequencies of high risk sexual and substance use behaviors, and other psychosocial factors implicated in adolescents' risky behavior such as impulsivity, risk-taking propensity, and social support. The adolescent samples included drug-dependent adolescents (n = 77), incarcerated youth (n = 194), homeless and runaway youth (n = 55), and urban African-American adolescents (n = 156). Drug-dependent and incarcerated youth evidenced exceedingly high HIV-risk and less favorable psychosocial profiles, with drug-dependent females reporting the highest levels of overall risk. Youth in homeless shelters were lower in HIV-risk and had more favorable psychosocial profiles than drug-dependent and incarcerated youth and were slightly higher on these measures than African-American youth sampled from the community. Gender differences varied by sample. Findings suggest that HIV prevention programs for high-risk youth should be tailored according to gender and the specific type of high-risk audience involved. Implications of the findings for tailoring risk reduction interventions for each group of at-risk adolescents are discussed. JF - Journal of HIV/AIDS Prevention & Education for Adolescents & Children AU - St Lawrence, JS AU - Crosby, R A AU - O'Bannon, R III AD - Behavioral Interventions and Research Branch, Division of STD Prevention, National Center for HIV, STD, and TB Prevention, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, 1600 Clifton Road NE, MS-E44, Atlanta, GA 30333, USA, nzs4@cdc.gov Y1 - 1999 PY - 1999 DA - 1999 SP - 63 EP - 86 VL - 3 IS - 3 SN - 1069-837X, 1069-837X KW - HIV KW - drug abuse KW - homelessness KW - sexually transmitted diseases KW - Virology & AIDS Abstracts; Health & Safety Science Abstracts; Risk Abstracts KW - Risk assessment KW - Acquired immune deficiency syndrome KW - Sexually-transmitted diseases KW - Drug abuse KW - Sexual behavior KW - Ethnic groups KW - Adolescents KW - Adolescence KW - Behavior KW - Human immunodeficiency virus KW - Gender KW - H 11000:Diseases/Injuries/Trauma KW - V 22005:AIDS: Epidemiological aspects KW - R2 23060:Medical and environmental health UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/17507988?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Ariskabstracts&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+HIV%2FAIDS+Prevention+%26+Education+for+Adolescents+%26+Children&rft.atitle=Adolescent+Risk+for+HIV+Infection%3A+Comparison+of+Four+High+Risk+Samples&rft.au=St+Lawrence%2C+JS%3BCrosby%2C+R+A%3BO%27Bannon%2C+R+III&rft.aulast=St+Lawrence&rft.aufirst=JS&rft.date=1999-01-01&rft.volume=3&rft.issue=3&rft.spage=63&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+HIV%2FAIDS+Prevention+%26+Education+for+Adolescents+%26+Children&rft.issn=1069837X&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Human immunodeficiency virus; Adolescents; Gender; Ethnic groups; Adolescence; Acquired immune deficiency syndrome; Sexually-transmitted diseases; Sexual behavior; Behavior; Drug abuse; Risk assessment ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Effects of diesel exhaust particles (DEP), carbon black, and silica on macrophage responses to lipopolysaccharide: Evidence of DEP suppression of macrophage activity AN - 17484011; 4675692 AB - The effects of diesel exhaust particle (DEP) exposure on alveolar macrophage (AM) response to ex vivo and in vivo lipopolysaccharide (LPS) challenge were determined by monitoring LPS-stimulated production of interleukin-1 (IL-1) and tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF- alpha ). The roles of the insoluble particulate and the organic compounds of DEP in altering pulmonary responses were evaluated by comparing the DEP-induced pulmonary responses to those of carbon black (CB), a carbonaceous particle with few adsorbed organic compounds, or to silica, a known pneumotoxic dust. Male Sprague-Dawley rats were exposed to a single intratracheal dose (5 or 35 mg/kg body weight) of DEP, CB, or silica, or to saline vehicle. Rats were sacrificed 1, 3, or 7 d postexposure. To study the responsiveness to the bacterial product LPS, AM isolated from particle-exposed rats were challenged ex vivo with LPS (0.1 mu g/10 super(6) AM) and LPS-stimulated cytokine release was monitored. In addition, rats were exposed intratracheally to a single dose of DEP (5 mg/kg) and 3 d later exposed in vivo to 1 mg/kg LPS for 3 h prior to measurement of cytokine production by AM. DEP exposure resulted in neutrophil infiltration and elevated levels of albumin and lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) activity in the bronchoalveolar lavage fluid; these responses were not substantially different from those elicited by CB or silica exposure. AM from DEP-exposed rats showed increased spontaneous production of IL-1, but not TNF- alpha , while the opposite was true for CB or silica. Upon ex vivo challenge with LPS, AM from DEP-exposed rats showed a significant decrease in the secretion of TNF- alpha and, to a lesser extent, IL-1, compared to the sum of the DEP and LPS effects. In contrast, AM from CB- or silica-exposed rats did not show this decreased responsiveness to subsequent LPS challenge. This inhibitory action of DEP on LPS-stimulated AM production of IL-1 and TNF- alpha was further confirmed by the results obtained from rats exposed to both DEP and LPS in vivo. In summary, these results indicate that while DEP, CB, and silica all induce pulmonary inflammatory responses due to particle stimulation, only DEP suppress AM cytokine release in response to LPS stimulation. The contrasting cellular response with respect to DEP and CB exposures may be due to the presence of adsorbed organic compounds on DEP, which may contribute to the increased susceptibility of hosts to pulmonary infections after DEP exposure. JF - Journal of Toxicology and Environmental Health, Part A AU - Yang, H-M AU - Barger, M W AU - Castranova, V AU - Ma, JKH AU - Yang, J-J AU - Ma, JYC AD - PPRB/HELD, NIOSH, 1095 Willowdale Road, Morgantown, WV 26505, USA, jym1@cdc.gov Y1 - 1999 PY - 1999 DA - 1999 SP - 261 EP - 278 VL - 58 IS - 5 SN - 0098-4108, 0098-4108 KW - alveolar macrophages KW - rats KW - carbon, amorphous KW - diesel exhaust particles KW - Toxicology Abstracts KW - Macrophages KW - Lipopolysaccharides KW - Carbon (activated) KW - Alveoli KW - Silicon dioxide KW - X 24151:Acute exposure UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/17484011?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxicologyabstracts&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Toxicology+and+Environmental+Health%2C+Part+A&rft.atitle=Effects+of+diesel+exhaust+particles+%28DEP%29%2C+carbon+black%2C+and+silica+on+macrophage+responses+to+lipopolysaccharide%3A+Evidence+of+DEP+suppression+of+macrophage+activity&rft.au=Yang%2C+H-M%3BBarger%2C+M+W%3BCastranova%2C+V%3BMa%2C+JKH%3BYang%2C+J-J%3BMa%2C+JYC&rft.aulast=Yang&rft.aufirst=H-M&rft.date=1999-01-01&rft.volume=58&rft.issue=5&rft.spage=261&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+Toxicology+and+Environmental+Health%2C+Part+A&rft.issn=00984108&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Alveoli; Lipopolysaccharides; Carbon (activated); Silicon dioxide; Macrophages ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Biphasic effects of octylphenol on testosterone biosynthesis by cultured Leydig cells from neonatal rats AN - 17443729; 4658086 AB - The present studies evaluated the suitability of using cultured dispersed testicular cells from neonatal rats as a source for fetal Leydig cells and the use of these cells to examine direct toxic effects of environmental/occupational chemicals on androgen biosynthesis. For the current studies, the direct actions of octylphenol (OP), a surfactant additive widely used in the manufacture of various detergents, on testosterone biosynthesis by cultured rat neonatal Leydig cells were examined. Octylphenol is considered a xenoestrogen and has been reported to mimic the actions of estrogen in many cellular systems. Following exposure of cultured cells for 24 h to varying concentrations of OP (1 to 2000 nM) together with 10 mIU/mL human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG), the lower concentrations of OP (1 and 10 nM) consistently enhanced testosterone levels (approximately 10 to 70% above control), whereas higher OP concentrations (100 to 2000 nM) progressively decreased testosterone from peak levels to approximately 40 to 80% below control at the highest OP concentration. Interestingly, increasing concentrations of 17 beta -estradiol (1 to 1000 nM) were without effect on testosterone biosynthesis under the same conditions, and the biphasic pattern of testosterone biosynthesis elicited by increasing OP concentrations was unaffected by concomitant treatment with 10 or 100 nM ICI 182,780, which is considered a pure estrogen antagonist. Therefore, the actions of OP on testosterone biosynthesis by cultured neonatal Leydig cells do not appear to be mediated through the classic estrogen receptor alpha or beta pathway. Although the increase in testosterone levels after exposure to lower OP concentrations and to 0.1 and 1.0 mM 8-Br-cAMP was attenuated, suggesting that lower OP concentrations may alter cellular cAMP levels, because hCG-stimulated cAMP levels were unaffected by any of the OP concentrations evaluated, it appears that its main site(s) of action occurs after the generation of cAMP. In addition, because pretreatment of cells with increasing OP concentrations and hCG had no effect on the conversion of steroid precursors (22(R)-hydroxycholesterol, pregnenolone, progesterone, or androstenedione) to testosterone, it seems that the main actions of OP under the present conditions occur before the mitochondrial cholesterol side-chain cleavage step. Furthermore, because concomitant treatment of cells with various antioxidants ( alpha -tocopherol, butylated hydroxyanisole, or ascorbic acid) did not alter the biphasic pattern of testosterone response to increasing concentrations of OP and hCG, it seems that OP is not acting as an anti- or pro-oxidant in producing these effects. It will be important to determine whether this dose-sensitive response to OP is observed in vivo, and whether the maturational status of Leydig cells influences their pattern of response to OP and similar chemicals. JF - Reproductive Toxicology AU - Murono, E P AU - Derk, R C AU - de Leon, JH AD - Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, Health Effects Laboratory Division, Pathology and Physiology Research Branch, M/S 2015, 1095 Willowdale Road, Morgantown, West Virginia 26505-2888, USA, EEM8@CDC.GOV Y1 - 1999 PY - 1999 DA - 1999 SP - 451 EP - 462 VL - 13 IS - 6 SN - 0890-6238, 0890-6238 KW - rats KW - in vitro KW - octylphenol KW - Toxicology Abstracts KW - Testosterone KW - Leydig cells KW - Neonates KW - X 24155:Biochemistry UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/17443729?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxicologyabstracts&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Reproductive+Toxicology&rft.atitle=Biphasic+effects+of+octylphenol+on+testosterone+biosynthesis+by+cultured+Leydig+cells+from+neonatal+rats&rft.au=Murono%2C+E+P%3BDerk%2C+R+C%3Bde+Leon%2C+JH&rft.aulast=Murono&rft.aufirst=E&rft.date=1999-01-01&rft.volume=13&rft.issue=6&rft.spage=451&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Reproductive+Toxicology&rft.issn=08906238&rft_id=info:doi/10.1016%2FS0890-6238%2899%2900047-7 LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Testosterone; Neonates; Leydig cells DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0890-6238(99)00047-7 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Tumor necrosis factor alpha and toxicology AN - 17413912; 4636558 AB - The molecular cloning of a group of proteins, collectively referred to as cytokines, and including interleukins, chemokines, growth factors, colony stimulating factors, and tumor necrosis factors, has allowed for the increased understanding of the mechanisms for many disease processes as well as provided strategies for the development of novel therapies. Conceptually similar to hormones and peptides, this group of phylogenetically related molecules are also involved in various toxicological processes, including apoptosis, cell repair, and in particular inflammation. In this review, we offer a description of what many believe represents the primary regulatory cytokine, tumor necrosis factor (TNF) alpha and its role in toxicological processes. For over a decade it has been suspected that this molecule helps mediate the shock state induced by bacterial endotoxin and the wasting diathesis that typifies chronic diseases. Advances in molecular biology that have provided tools to modulate TNF alpha regulation and synthesis have allowed for the identification of additional roles for TNF alpha in homeostasis, cellular damage, and repair. This review provides a brief summary of our understanding of TNF alpha biology followed by a discussion of its role in toxicological responses. This is followed by specific examples of organ-specific and tissue-specific responses to chemical damage where TNF alpha has been implicated. The review concludes with a review of its implication in human risk assessment, particularly as it relates to genetic polymorphisms of TNF alpha expression and disease susceptibility. JF - Critical Reviews in Toxicology AU - Luster, MI AU - Simeonova, P P AU - Gallucci, R AU - Matheson, J AD - Toxicology and Molecular Biology Branch, Health Effects Laboratory Division, National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, 1095 Willowdale Road, Morgantown, WV 26505, USA, myl6@cdc.gov Y1 - 1999 PY - 1999 DA - 1999 SP - 491 EP - 511 VL - 29 IS - 5 SN - 1040-8444, 1040-8444 KW - toxicology KW - tumor necrosis factor- alpha KW - Toxicology Abstracts KW - tumor necrosis factor-^a KW - Reviews KW - Cytokines KW - X 24250:Reviews UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/17413912?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxicologyabstracts&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Critical+Reviews+in+Toxicology&rft.atitle=Tumor+necrosis+factor+alpha+and+toxicology&rft.au=Luster%2C+MI%3BSimeonova%2C+P+P%3BGallucci%2C+R%3BMatheson%2C+J&rft.aulast=Luster&rft.aufirst=MI&rft.date=1999-01-01&rft.volume=29&rft.issue=5&rft.spage=491&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Critical+Reviews+in+Toxicology&rft.issn=10408444&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Reviews; Cytokines ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Escherichia coli O157:H7 gastroenteritis and the hemolytic uremic syndrome: An Emerging Infectious Disease AN - 17392902; 4613023 AB - Escherichia coli O157:H7 is an increasingly common cause of a variety of illnesses, including bloody diarrhea and the hemolytic uremic syndrome. This emerging infectious agent was first identified in 1982 and has been isolated with increasing frequency since then. This chapter reviews the epidemiology, clinical spectrum, diagnosis, treatment, and prevention of infections with E. coli O157:H7. JF - Annual Review of Medicine AU - Besser, R E AU - Griffin, P M AU - Slutsker, L AD - Department of Pediatrics, University of California, San Diego, CA 92103-8454, USA, reb0@cdc.gov Y1 - 1999 PY - 1999 DA - 1999 SP - 355 EP - 367 VL - 50 SN - 0066-4219, 0066-4219 KW - man KW - Microbiology Abstracts B: Bacteriology KW - Infectious diseases KW - Epidemiology KW - Reviews KW - Hemolytic uremic syndrome KW - Escherichia coli O157:H7 KW - Gastroenteritis KW - J 02846:Gastrointestinal tract UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/17392902?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologyb&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Annual+Review+of+Medicine&rft.atitle=Escherichia+coli+O157%3AH7+gastroenteritis+and+the+hemolytic+uremic+syndrome%3A+An+Emerging+Infectious+Disease&rft.au=Besser%2C+R+E%3BGriffin%2C+P+M%3BSlutsker%2C+L&rft.aulast=Besser&rft.aufirst=R&rft.date=1999-01-01&rft.volume=50&rft.issue=&rft.spage=355&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Annual+Review+of+Medicine&rft.issn=00664219&rft_id=info:doi/10.1146%2Fannurev.med.50.1.355 LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Escherichia coli O157:H7; Gastroenteritis; Hemolytic uremic syndrome; Epidemiology; Reviews; Infectious diseases DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1146/annurev.med.50.1.355 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Making malaria-treatment policy in the face of drug resistance AN - 17382456; 4607010 AB - The threat, development, spread, and intensification of antimalarial drug resistance are posing tremendous challenges to malaria-control activities throughout the world. Fundamental aspects of these activities are the identification and promotion of safe and effective therapy for acute malarial illness. A major tool in providing guidance on appropriate therapy is the national malaria-therapy policy, which describes antimalarial drugs available for use in a given country, their relative efficacy, and how best to use them in a variety of settings, from the community to the referral hospital. This review describes some of the factors that need to be considered in the development of a national, antimalarial drug policy as well as those that have impeded timely development of national policies, especially in sub-Saharan Africa. JF - Annals of Tropical Medicine and Parasitology AU - Bloland, P B AU - Ettling, M AD - Malaria Epidemiology Section, Epidemiology Branch, Division of Parasitic Diseases, National Center for Infectious Diseases, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Mailstop F-22, 1600 Clifton Road, Atlanta, GA 30333, USA, pbb1@cdc.gov Y1 - 1999/01// PY - 1999 DA - Jan 1999 SP - 5 EP - 23 VL - 93 IS - 1 SN - 0003-4983, 0003-4983 KW - Africa KW - drug resistance KW - malaria KW - Health & Safety Science Abstracts; Microbiology Abstracts C: Algology, Mycology & Protozoology KW - Plasmodium KW - Government policies KW - Government policy KW - Malaria KW - Public health KW - K 03090:Protozoa: human KW - H 11000:Diseases/Injuries/Trauma UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/17382456?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Ahealthsafetyabstracts&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Annals+of+Tropical+Medicine+and+Parasitology&rft.atitle=Making+malaria-treatment+policy+in+the+face+of+drug+resistance&rft.au=Bloland%2C+P+B%3BEttling%2C+M&rft.aulast=Bloland&rft.aufirst=P&rft.date=1999-01-01&rft.volume=93&rft.issue=1&rft.spage=5&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Annals+of+Tropical+Medicine+and+Parasitology&rft.issn=00034983&rft_id=info:doi/10.1080%2F00034989958753 LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Plasmodium; Government policies; Public health; Government policy; Malaria DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00034989958753 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Multiplex PCR assay to aid in the identification of the highly transmissible Mycobacterium tuberculosis strain CDC1551 AN - 17351821; 4627929 AB - Setting: Mycobacterium tuberculosis strain CDC1551 outbreak area in Tennessee and Kentucky and selected locations in the USA. Objective: Develop a PCR assay to distinguish the highly transmissible CDC1551 from strains which have similar 4-band IS6110 fingerprints. Design: Compare the IS6110 insertion sites in CDC1551 with those in 10 isolates which have similar 4-band IS6110 fingerprints. Utilize unique characteristics of insertion sites in CDC1551 to design a multiplex PCR to identify this strain. Results: A multiplex PCR was developed which targets an IS6110 insertion conserved in most IS6110 low copy number strains and a deletion within the direct repeat region adjacent to an IS6110 insertion. Of 139 isolates with similar 4-band fingerprints, the CDC1551 PCR pattern was generated by only the 14 outbreak associated isolates. Of 154 isolates with different fingerprints, only four generated the CDC1551 pattern and these could be distinguished from CDC1551 by their IS6110 fingerprint. Conclusions: The multiplex PCR used in conjunction with the IS6110 fingerprint should be a useful tool to aid in the continued surveillance of the outbreak area and follow the spread of this highly transmissible strain of M. tuberculosis. JF - Tubercle and Lung Disease AU - Plikaytis, B B AU - Kurepina, N AU - Woodley, CL AU - Fleischmann, R AU - Kreiswirth, B AU - Shinnick, T M AD - Mailstop G35, Centers for Disease and Prevention, 1600 Clifton Road, Atlanta, GA 30333, USA, bbp1@cdc.gov Y1 - 1999 PY - 1999 DA - 1999 SP - 273 EP - 278 VL - 79 IS - 5 SN - 0962-8479, 0962-8479 KW - identification KW - Microbiology Abstracts A: Industrial & Applied Microbiology; Microbiology Abstracts B: Bacteriology KW - Bioassays KW - Polymerase chain reaction KW - Tuberculosis KW - Mycobacterium tuberculosis KW - A 01116:Bacteria KW - J 02704:Enumeration UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/17351821?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologyb&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Tubercle+and+Lung+Disease&rft.atitle=Multiplex+PCR+assay+to+aid+in+the+identification+of+the+highly+transmissible+Mycobacterium+tuberculosis+strain+CDC1551&rft.au=Plikaytis%2C+B+B%3BKurepina%2C+N%3BWoodley%2C+CL%3BFleischmann%2C+R%3BKreiswirth%2C+B%3BShinnick%2C+T+M&rft.aulast=Plikaytis&rft.aufirst=B&rft.date=1999-01-01&rft.volume=79&rft.issue=5&rft.spage=273&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Tubercle+and+Lung+Disease&rft.issn=09628479&rft_id=info:doi/10.1054%2Ftuld.1999.0197 LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Mycobacterium tuberculosis; Bioassays; Polymerase chain reaction; Tuberculosis DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1054/tuld.1999.0197 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Environmental study of nylon flocking process AN - 17300242; 4560416 AB - Environmental measurements for a variety of gas, particulate, and microbiological agents have been made in order to characterize exposures associated with the nylon flocking process. Of all agents measured, particulate is the predominant exposure. Levels of total particulate ranged from 0.1 to 240 mg/m super(3) (x = 11.4 mg/m super(3)). Average respirable particulate was 2.2 mg/m super(3), ranging from 0.5 to 39.9 mg/m super(3). Highest levels of particulates were found in the flocking room, and direct reading dust measurements indicate that the highest peak exposures are associated with "blowdown" (a cleaning procedure used between flocking runs). The nature of the airborne particles was investigated using polarized light and scanning electron microscopy. Air samples were found to contain flock particles (fibers nominally 10-15 mu m in diameter by about 1000 mu m in length) and a variety of respirable particles types, several of which were linked directly to the process. Of special interest were elongated respirable particles, which by microscopic analysis, complemented with melting-point determination, were found to be shreds of nylon. JF - Journal of Toxicology and Environmental Health, Part A AU - Burkhart, J AU - Piacitelli, C AU - Schwegler-Berry, D AU - Jones, W AD - NIOSH M/S H-117, 1095 Willowdale Road, Morgantown, WV 26505-2888, USA, wgj2@cdc.gov Y1 - 1999 PY - 1999 DA - 1999 SP - 1 EP - 23 VL - 57 IS - 1 SN - 0098-4108, 0098-4108 KW - nylon flocking KW - Pollution Abstracts; Health & Safety Science Abstracts KW - Inhalation KW - Manufacturing industry KW - Microbial contamination KW - Particulates KW - Dust KW - Occupational exposure KW - H 1000:Occupational Safety and Health KW - P 6000:TOXICOLOGY AND HEALTH UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/17300242?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Apollution&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Toxicology+and+Environmental+Health%2C+Part+A&rft.atitle=Environmental+study+of+nylon+flocking+process&rft.au=Burkhart%2C+J%3BPiacitelli%2C+C%3BSchwegler-Berry%2C+D%3BJones%2C+W&rft.aulast=Burkhart&rft.aufirst=J&rft.date=1999-01-01&rft.volume=57&rft.issue=1&rft.spage=1&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+Toxicology+and+Environmental+Health%2C+Part+A&rft.issn=00984108&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Particulates; Dust; Occupational exposure; Inhalation; Manufacturing industry; Microbial contamination ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Acute inflammatory reaction in rats after intratracheal instillation of material collected from a nylon flocking plant AN - 17261889; 4560417 AB - Several cases of interstitial lung disease have been diagnosed among workers at a nylon flock plant, but the etiologic agent for the disease outbreak was unknown. The results of a medical survey and industrial hygiene study indicated that the dust present in the plant may be responsible. Thus, airborne dust collected at the plant was examined for its inflammatory potential in rat lungs. The endpoints measured were: (1) breathing rates, (2) differential cell counts of bronchoalveolar lavage cells, (3) alveolar macrophage (AM) chemiluminescence, (4) albumin concentration and matrix metalloprotease activities in the acellular fluid from the initial bronchoalveolar lavage, and (5) pulmonary histopathology. In the first study, rats received a single dose of the airborne dust sample (10 mg/kg body weight) by intratracheal (IT) instillation. At 1 d post-IT, all inflammatory endpoints were significantly increased versus controls, but by 29 d post-IT they did not differ significantly from controls. Histopathology demonstrated mild to moderate, multifocal, suppurative pneumonia, usually centered around bronchioles, at 1 d post-IT. At 29 d post-IT, pulmonary inflammation was minimal to mild and characterized by alveolar histocytosis usually restricted to the immediate area of retained birefringent fibers. In subsequent experiments, airborne dust was extracted with water and the dust (washed airborne dust) and water extract (soluble fraction) were separated by centrifugation for further study. Nylon tow dust was prepared in the laboratory by milling uncut nylon strands (called tow) that had not been treated with the finish or dyes that are commonly used in the flock plants. Rats were administered a single dose of a dust sample (10 mg/kg body weight) or the soluble fraction (1.3 ml/kg body weight) by IT administration and the same endpoints were measured at 1 d post-IT. The dust samples caused significant increases in all of the inflammatory endpoints; however, the soluble fraction was much less active. Histological analysis of the lungs 1 d post-IT confirmed lung inflammation was occurring and tended to center around bronchioles. The results suggest that: (1) nylon flocking generates particles of respirable size that can interact with AM in the lung and can be detected in the lung 29 d after exposure, (2) the dust samples examined cause an inflammatory response, (3) water-extractable agent(s) from airborne dust contribute only minimally to the inflammatory response, and (4) the acute inflammatory response to these dusts is substantial when compared to other pathologic occupational dusts previously examined in our laboratory. JF - Journal of Toxicology and Environmental Health, Part A AU - Porter, D W AU - Castranova, V AU - Robinson, V A AU - Hubbs, A F AU - Mercer, R R AU - Scabilloni, J AU - Goldsmith, T AU - Schwegler-Berry, D AU - Battelli, L AU - Washko, R AU - Burkhart, J AU - Piacitelli, C AU - Whitmer, M AU - Jones, W AD - Pathology and Physiology Research Branch, Health Effects Laboratory Division, National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, 1095 Willowdale Road, M/S 2015, Morgantown, WV 26505, USA, vic1@cdc.gov Y1 - 1999 PY - 1999 DA - 1999 SP - 25 EP - 45 VL - 57 IS - 1 SN - 0098-4108, 0098-4108 KW - nylon KW - rats KW - Toxicology Abstracts KW - Air pollution KW - Lung KW - Industries KW - Occupational exposure KW - Dust KW - Inflammation KW - X 24154:Pathology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/17261889?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxicologyabstracts&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Toxicology+and+Environmental+Health%2C+Part+A&rft.atitle=Acute+inflammatory+reaction+in+rats+after+intratracheal+instillation+of+material+collected+from+a+nylon+flocking+plant&rft.au=Porter%2C+D+W%3BCastranova%2C+V%3BRobinson%2C+V+A%3BHubbs%2C+A+F%3BMercer%2C+R+R%3BScabilloni%2C+J%3BGoldsmith%2C+T%3BSchwegler-Berry%2C+D%3BBattelli%2C+L%3BWashko%2C+R%3BBurkhart%2C+J%3BPiacitelli%2C+C%3BWhitmer%2C+M%3BJones%2C+W&rft.aulast=Porter&rft.aufirst=D&rft.date=1999-01-01&rft.volume=57&rft.issue=1&rft.spage=25&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+Toxicology+and+Environmental+Health%2C+Part+A&rft.issn=00984108&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Dust; Occupational exposure; Air pollution; Inflammation; Lung; Industries ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Epidemiology of epidemic diphtheria in three regions, Russia, 1994-1996 AN - 17225707; 4512334 AB - A massive diphtheria epidemic which began in the former Soviet Union in 1990 is the first large-scale diphtheria epidemic in developed countries in more than 30 years and has primarily affected adults. In response, health authorities attempted to maximize vaccination for children and conducted an unprecedented campaign to vaccinate adults. We analyzed diphtheria surveillance data (case report forms and diphtheria vaccine coverage data) from three Russian regions from January 1994 to December 1996 and estimated vaccine effectiveness by the screening method. We reviewed records from 2243 (97.2%) of 2307 reported cases. The highest cumulative incidence in the period was among children aged 5 to 9 years (106 cases per 100,000 population); adults aged 40-49 years had the highest adult incidence for disease (88 cases per 100,000) and the highest incidence of any age group of clinically severe disease (29 cases per 100,000) and death (5.1 deaths per 100,000). The incidence among women aged 20-49 years (82 per 100,000 women) was higher than among men (47 per 100,000, p < 0.01). The annual incidence decreased from 25.2 cases per 100,000 population in 1994 to 9.4 cases per 100,000 in 1996. The decrease occurred as adult coverage increased from an estimated 25-30% in December 1992 to 88% in December 1995. Vaccine effectiveness was high among both children and adults. The Russian diphtheria epidemic primarily affected adults, especially women; this pattern is likely representative of diphtheria epidemics in immunized populations. Raising childhood immunization coverage and mass adult vaccination was effective in controlling the Russian epidemic. An improved understanding of the current epidemiology of diphtheria will be useful to design public health responses to prevent or control modern epidemics. JF - European Journal of Epidemiology AU - Vitek, C R AU - Brisgalov, S P AU - Bragina, VY AU - Zhilyakov, AM AU - Bisgard, K M AU - Brennan, M AU - Kravtsova, ON AU - Lushniak, B D AU - Lyerla, R AU - Markina, S S AU - Strebel, P M AD - Mailstop E-61, National Immunization Program, CDC, Atlanta, GA 30333, USA Y1 - 1999/01// PY - 1999 DA - Jan 1999 SP - 75 EP - 83 VL - 15 IS - 1 SN - 0393-2990, 0393-2990 KW - Russia KW - Microbiology Abstracts B: Bacteriology KW - Epidemiology KW - Disease control KW - Corynebacterium diphtheriae KW - Diphtheria KW - Immunization KW - J 02845:Ear, nose and respiratory tract UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/17225707?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologyb&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=European+Journal+of+Epidemiology&rft.atitle=Epidemiology+of+epidemic+diphtheria+in+three+regions%2C+Russia%2C+1994-1996&rft.au=Vitek%2C+C+R%3BBrisgalov%2C+S+P%3BBragina%2C+VY%3BZhilyakov%2C+AM%3BBisgard%2C+K+M%3BBrennan%2C+M%3BKravtsova%2C+ON%3BLushniak%2C+B+D%3BLyerla%2C+R%3BMarkina%2C+S+S%3BStrebel%2C+P+M&rft.aulast=Vitek&rft.aufirst=C&rft.date=1999-01-01&rft.volume=15&rft.issue=1&rft.spage=75&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=European+Journal+of+Epidemiology&rft.issn=03932990&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Corynebacterium diphtheriae; Immunization; Diphtheria; Disease control; Epidemiology ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Diagnosis of human ehrlichiosis by PCR assay of acute-phase serum AN - 17191709; 4482415 AB - A PCR assay of 43 acute-phase serum samples was evaluated as a method for early detection of human granulocytic ehrlichiosis (HGE) and determination of etiology when serologic testing is inconclusive. Sequence-confirmed products of the HGE agent were amplified from three individuals residing or having exposure history in Minnesota or Wisconsin, and similarly confirmed products from Ehrlichia chaffeensis were amplified from three individuals from Florida or Maryland. Etiology, as determined by PCR and serology, was the same whenever there was a fourfold difference between the maximum titers of antibodies to both antigens, indicating that presumptive determination of etiology may be based on fourfold differences in titers. PCR testing determined that E. chaffeensis was the etiologic agent for one individual who had similar titers of antibodies to both agents. PCR assay of acute-phase serum in the absence of whole blood specimens may be a useful method for early detection of human ehrlichiosis and determination of etiology when serologic testing is inconclusive. JF - Journal of Clinical Microbiology AU - Comer, JA AU - Nicholson, W L AU - Sumner, J W AU - Olson, J G AU - Childs, JE AD - Viral and Rickettsial Zoonoses Branch, National Center for Infectious Diseases, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, 1600 Clifton Rd., Mailstop G-13, Atlanta, GA 30333, USA, jnc0@cdc.gov Y1 - 1999/01// PY - 1999 DA - Jan 1999 SP - 31 EP - 34 VL - 37 IS - 1 SN - 0095-1137, 0095-1137 KW - USA, Florida KW - USA, Maryland KW - USA, Minnesota KW - USA, Wisconsin KW - etiology KW - rRNA 16S KW - Microbiology Abstracts A: Industrial & Applied Microbiology; Microbiology Abstracts B: Bacteriology KW - Serum KW - Polymerase chain reaction KW - Ehrlichiosis KW - Ehrlichia chaffeensis KW - A 01116:Bacteria KW - J 02704:Enumeration UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/17191709?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologyb&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Clinical+Microbiology&rft.atitle=Diagnosis+of+human+ehrlichiosis+by+PCR+assay+of+acute-phase+serum&rft.au=Comer%2C+JA%3BNicholson%2C+W+L%3BSumner%2C+J+W%3BOlson%2C+J+G%3BChilds%2C+JE&rft.aulast=Comer&rft.aufirst=JA&rft.date=1999-01-01&rft.volume=37&rft.issue=1&rft.spage=31&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+Clinical+Microbiology&rft.issn=00951137&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Ehrlichia chaffeensis; Ehrlichiosis; Polymerase chain reaction; Serum ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Rapid identification of up to three Candida species in a single reaction tube by a 5' exonuclease assay using fluorescent DNA probes AN - 17178839; 4482446 AB - We used fungus-specific PCR primers and species-specific DNA probes to detect up to three Candida species in a single reaction tube by exploiting the 5' to 3' exonuclease activity of Taq DNA polymerase. Probes to the internal transcribed spacer region of the rRNA gene were labeled at the 5' end with one of three fluorescent reporter dyes, 6-carboxy-fluorescein (FAM), tetrachloro-6-carboxy-fluorescein (TET), or hexachloro-6-carboxy-fluorescein (HEX), and at the 3' end with a quencher dye, 6-carboxy-tetramethyl-rhodamine. During PCR amplification, each reporter dye emits a characteristic wavelength as it is cleaved from its specific target DNA and from the quencher dye. Therefore, signals from up to three probes can be detected simultaneously during the PCR assay. Six probes were designed for use in this study: CA-FAM, CT-TET, and CP-HEX were added to one tube to simultaneously detect the typically fluconazole-sensitive species C. albicans, C. tropicalis, and C. parapsilosis, respectively. CG-FAM and CK-TET were added to a second tube to simultaneously detect the typically more innately fluconazole-resistant species C. glabrata and C. krusei, respectively. All-CAN-TET, a Candida genus probe, was added to a third tube to detect DNAs from all Candida species tested. DNAs recovered from 61 blood culture bottles, including 23 positive for C. albicans, 18 positive for C. glabrata, 6 positive for C. tropicalis, 6 positive for C. krusei, 5 positive for C. parapsilosis, and 3 positive for mixed fungemias, were tested. Control samples included those from blood culture bottles with no growth (n = 10) or from patients with confirmed bacteremia (n = 10). Probes detected and correctly identified the organisms in 58 of 61 specimens (95.1%) and gave no false-positive results. This method is simple and rapid and does not require post-PCR hybridization and incubation steps. It is sensitive and specific for the detection and identification of Candida species from blood culture bottles, including those containing mixtures of Candida species, and should facilitate an earlier specific diagnosis, leading to more appropriately targeted antifungal drug therapy. JF - Journal of Clinical Microbiology AU - Shin, J H AU - Nolte, F S AU - Holloway, B P AU - Morrison, ChJ AD - Mailstop G-11, CDC, 1600 Clifton Rd., N.E., Atlanta, GA 30333, USA, cjm3@cdc.gov Y1 - 1999/01// PY - 1999 DA - Jan 1999 SP - 165 EP - 170 VL - 37 IS - 1 SN - 0095-1137, 0095-1137 KW - 6-carboxy-tetramethyl-rhodamine KW - 6-carboxyfluorescein KW - Hexachloro-6-carboxy-fluorescein KW - Tetrachloro-6-carboxy-fluorescein KW - carboxyfluorescein KW - rRNA KW - Microbiology Abstracts A: Industrial & Applied Microbiology; Microbiology Abstracts C: Algology, Mycology & Protozoology KW - Fluconazole KW - Candida glabrata KW - Candida albicans KW - Hybridization analysis KW - Spacer region KW - Candida krusei KW - Fluorescent indicators KW - Polymerase chain reaction KW - Candida parapsilosis KW - Candida tropicalis KW - K 03015:Fungi KW - A 01117:Fungi UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/17178839?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologya&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Clinical+Microbiology&rft.atitle=Rapid+identification+of+up+to+three+Candida+species+in+a+single+reaction+tube+by+a+5%27+exonuclease+assay+using+fluorescent+DNA+probes&rft.au=Shin%2C+J+H%3BNolte%2C+F+S%3BHolloway%2C+B+P%3BMorrison%2C+ChJ&rft.aulast=Shin&rft.aufirst=J&rft.date=1999-01-01&rft.volume=37&rft.issue=1&rft.spage=165&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+Clinical+Microbiology&rft.issn=00951137&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Candida albicans; Candida glabrata; Candida krusei; Candida parapsilosis; Candida tropicalis; Spacer region; Hybridization analysis; Polymerase chain reaction; Fluorescent indicators; Fluconazole ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Detection of a streptomycin/spectinomycin adenylyltransferase gene (aadA) in Enterococcus faecalis AN - 17178503; 4470987 AB - Genes encoding streptomycin/spectinomycin adenylyltransferases [ANT(3'')(9)] have been reported to exist in gram-negative organisms and Staphylococcus aureus. During a study of high-level aminoglycoside resistance in enterococci, we encountered an isolate of Enterococcus faecalis that was streptomycin resistant but did not appear to contain the 6'-adenylyltransferase gene (aadE) when examined by PCR with specific primers. Phosphocellulose paper binding assays indicated the presence of an ANT(3'')(9) enzyme. Streptomycin and spectinomycin MICs of 4,000 and 8,000 mu g/ml, respectively, were observed for the isolate. PCR primers corresponding to a highly conserved region of the aadA gene were used to amplify a specific 284-bp product. The product hybridized with a digoxigenin-labeled PCR product from E. coli C600(pHP45 Omega ) known to contain the aadA gene. The aadA gene was transferred via filter matings from the E. faecalis donor to E. faecalis JH2-2. PCR primers designed for analysis of integrons were used to amplify a 1-kb product containing the aadA gene, which was cloned into the vector pCRII and transformed into Escherichia coli DH5- alpha competent cells. D-Rhodamine dye terminator cycle sequencing was used to determine the gene sequence, which was compared to previously reported sequences of aadA genes. We found the aadA gene in E. faecalis to be identical to the aadA genes reported by Sundstrom et al. for E. coli plasmid R6-5 (L. Sundstrom, P. Radstrom, G. Swedberg, and O. Skold, Mol. Gen. Genet. 213:191-201,1988), by Fling et al. for the aadA within transposon Tn7 (M. E. Fling, J. Kopf, and C. Richards, Nucleic Acids Res. 13:7095-7106,1985), and by Hollingshead and Vapnek for E. coli R538-1 (S. Hollingshead and D. Vapnek, Plasmid 13:17-30, 1985). Previous reports of the presence of the aadA gene in enterococci appear to be erroneous and probably describe an aadE gene, since the isolates were reported to be susceptible to spectinomycin. JF - Antimicrobial Agents & Chemotherapy AU - Clark, N C AU - Olsvik, O AU - Swenson, J M AU - Spiegel, CA AU - Tenover, F C AD - Nosocomial Pathogens Laboratory Branch, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, 1600 Clifton Rd., N.E., Mailstop G08, Atlanta, GA 30333, USA, ncc1@cdc.gov Y1 - 1999/01// PY - 1999 DA - Jan 1999 SP - 157 EP - 160 VL - 43 IS - 1 SN - 0066-4804, 0066-4804 KW - 6'-adenylyltransferase KW - Adenylyltransferase KW - Plasmid R6-5 KW - Transposon Tn7 KW - aadA gene KW - aadE gene KW - addA gene KW - aminoglycosides KW - cDNA KW - nucleotide sequence KW - spectinomycin KW - streptomycin KW - streptomycin/spectinomycin adenylyltransferase KW - Genetics Abstracts; Microbiology Abstracts B: Bacteriology KW - Enterococcus faecalis KW - Streptomycin KW - Hybridization analysis KW - Gene transfer KW - Spectinomycin KW - Escherichia coli KW - Polymerase chain reaction KW - Antibiotic resistance KW - G 07320:Bacterial genetics KW - J 02740:Genetics and evolution UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/17178503?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologyb&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Antimicrobial+Agents+%26+Chemotherapy&rft.atitle=Detection+of+a+streptomycin%2Fspectinomycin+adenylyltransferase+gene+%28aadA%29+in+Enterococcus+faecalis&rft.au=Clark%2C+N+C%3BOlsvik%2C+O%3BSwenson%2C+J+M%3BSpiegel%2C+CA%3BTenover%2C+F+C&rft.aulast=Clark&rft.aufirst=N&rft.date=1999-01-01&rft.volume=43&rft.issue=1&rft.spage=157&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Antimicrobial+Agents+%26+Chemotherapy&rft.issn=00664804&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Enterococcus faecalis; Escherichia coli; Hybridization analysis; Antibiotic resistance; Gene transfer; Polymerase chain reaction; Spectinomycin; Streptomycin ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Partial protection against Plasmodium vivax blood-stage infection in Saimiri monkeys by immunization with a recombinant C-terminal fragment of merozoite surface protein 1 in block copolymer adjuvant AN - 17157150; 4456709 AB - Merozoite surface protein 1 is a candidate for blood-stage vaccines against malaria parasites. We report here an immunization study of Saimiri monkeys with a yeast-expressed recombinant protein containing the C terminus of Plasmodium vivax merozoite surface protein 1 and two T-helper epitopes of tetanus toxin (yP sub(2)P sub(30)Pv200 sub(19)), formulated in aluminum hydroxide (alum) and block copolymer P1005. Monkeys immunized three times with yP sub(2)P sub(30)Pv200 sub(19) in block copolymer P1005 had significantly higher prechallenge titers of immunoglobulin G (IgG) antibodies against the immunogen and asexual blood-stage parasites than those immunized with yP sub(2)P sub(30)Pv200 sub(19) in alum, antigen alone, or phosphate-buffered saline (PBS) (P 0.05). Three of the five animals in this group also had low parasitemia (peak parasitemia, less than or equal to 20 parasites/ mu l of blood). Partially protected monkeys had significantly higher levels of prechallenge antibodies against the immunogen than those unprotected (P < 0.05). There was also a positive correlation between the prepatent period and titers of IgG antibodies against the immunogen and asexual blood-stage parasites and a negative correlation between accumulated parasitemia and titers of IgG antibodies against the immunogen (P < 0.05). These results indicate that when combined with block copolymer and potent T-helper epitopes, the yeast-expressed P sub(2)P sub(30)Pv200 sub(19) recombinant protein may offer some protection against malaria. JF - Infection and Immunity AU - Yang, C AU - Collins, W E AU - Sullivan, J S AU - Kaslow, D C AU - Xiao, L AU - Lal, A A AD - Immunology Branch, Mail Stop F-12, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, 4770 Buford Highway, Atlanta, GA 30341, USA, aal1@cdc.gov Y1 - 1999/01// PY - 1999 DA - Jan 1999 SP - 342 EP - 349 VL - 67 IS - 1 SN - 0019-9567, 0019-9567 KW - Merozoite surface protein 1 KW - Plasmodium vivax KW - Saimiri KW - Tetanus toxin KW - aluminum hydroxide KW - copolymer P1005 KW - merozoite surface protein 1 KW - Biotechnology and Bioengineering Abstracts; Medical and Pharmaceutical Biotechnology Abstracts; Immunology Abstracts; Microbiology Abstracts C: Algology, Mycology & Protozoology KW - Adjuvants KW - Antigens KW - Lymphocytes T KW - Immunization KW - Immunoglobulin G KW - Vaccines KW - Immune response KW - Helper cells KW - Malaria KW - Epitopes KW - Recombinant KW - Interferon KW - W3 33365:Vaccines (other) KW - K 03086:Immunology & vaccination KW - F 06807:Active immunization KW - W 30965:Miscellaneous, Reviews UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/17157150?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Abiotechresearch&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Infection+and+Immunity&rft.atitle=Partial+protection+against+Plasmodium+vivax+blood-stage+infection+in+Saimiri+monkeys+by+immunization+with+a+recombinant+C-terminal+fragment+of+merozoite+surface+protein+1+in+block+copolymer+adjuvant&rft.au=Yang%2C+C%3BCollins%2C+W+E%3BSullivan%2C+J+S%3BKaslow%2C+D+C%3BXiao%2C+L%3BLal%2C+A+A&rft.aulast=Yang&rft.aufirst=C&rft.date=1999-01-01&rft.volume=67&rft.issue=1&rft.spage=342&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Infection+and+Immunity&rft.issn=00199567&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Plasmodium vivax; Immunoglobulin G; Immune response; Recombinant; Malaria; Immunization; Adjuvants; Antigens; Interferon; Vaccines; Epitopes; Lymphocytes T; Helper cells ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Immune Determinants of Organism and Outcome in Febrile Hospitalized Thai Patients with Bloodstream Infections AN - 17145257; 4446502 AB - Opportunistic infections (OI) and the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) cause significant morbidity and mortality in developing countries. Immune cell and cytokine profiles may be related to the type and course of OI and to the OI-HIV interaction. Examining cell-specific cytokine production ex vivo has only recently become feasible. In Thailand, 53 febrile, hospitalized adults were enrolled in a study of the immune correlates of bloodstream infections (BSI). On site, blood cells were stimulated ex vivo. Cell-surface antigens and eight intracellular cytokines were subsequently analyzed using flow cytometry to determine associations with mortality and the organism causing the BSI. By logistic regression analysis, the percentage of CD3 super(+) CD16/56 super(+) cells making tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF- alpha ) (P = 0.033) and the percentage of CD3 super(-) CD16/56 super(+) cells (NK) (P = 0.032) were related to HIV positivity. Lymph node enlargement with HIV infection and the percentage of CD3 super(+) CD16/56 super(+) making TNF- alpha were predictive of death. A lower percentage of CD3 super(+) CD8 super(+) lymphocytes making interleukin-8 (IL-8) (P = 0.005), fewer monocytes expressing CD14 (P = 0.009), and the percentage of CD3 super(+) CD8 super(+) cells producing gamma interferon (P = 0.011) were associated with blood culture positivity and the causative organism. For every one point decrease in the percentage of CD3 super(+) CD8 super(+) cells making IL-8, the likelihood of a positive culture increased 23%; for every one point decrease in the percentage of monocytes expressing CD14, the likelihood of a positive culture increased by 5%. Only a few immune cell types and three of their related cytokines were significantly associated with HIV disease outcome or the BSI organism. These cell types did not include CD3 super(+) CD8 super(-) cells (a surrogate for CD4 super(+) cells), nor did they involve cytokines associated with a type I to type II cytokine shift, which might occur with advancing HIV infection. These associations support the premise that CD8 super(+) and CD16/56 super(+) lymphocytes play significant roles in HIV and type I infections. JF - Clinical and Diagnostic Laboratory Immunology AU - Jason, J AU - Archibald, L AU - McDonald, L C AU - Hart, WM AU - Rheanppumikankit, S AU - Tansuphwaswadikul, S AU - Byrd, M G AU - Larned, J AU - Han, A AU - Green, T A AU - Jarvis, W R AD - Mailstop A-25, Immunology Branch, DASTLR, NCID, CDC, 1600 Clifton Rd., N.E.; Atlanta, GA 30333, USA, JMJ1@CDC.gov Y1 - 1999/01// PY - 1999 DA - Jan 1999 SP - 73 EP - 78 VL - 6 IS - 1 SN - 1071-412X, 1071-412X KW - CD4 antigen KW - CD8 antigen KW - HIV KW - Thailand KW - gamma -Interferon KW - human immunodeficiency virus KW - man KW - Microbiology Abstracts B: Bacteriology; Immunology Abstracts KW - Lymphocytes KW - Interleukin 8 KW - Lymph nodes KW - Flow cytometry KW - Human immunodeficiency virus KW - Cytokines KW - Developing countries KW - F 06740:Other KW - J 02833:Immune response and immune mechanisms UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/17145257?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologyb&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Clinical+and+Diagnostic+Laboratory+Immunology&rft.atitle=Immune+Determinants+of+Organism+and+Outcome+in+Febrile+Hospitalized+Thai+Patients+with+Bloodstream+Infections&rft.au=Jason%2C+J%3BArchibald%2C+L%3BMcDonald%2C+L+C%3BHart%2C+WM%3BRheanppumikankit%2C+S%3BTansuphwaswadikul%2C+S%3BByrd%2C+M+G%3BLarned%2C+J%3BHan%2C+A%3BGreen%2C+T+A%3BJarvis%2C+W+R&rft.aulast=Jason&rft.aufirst=J&rft.date=1999-01-01&rft.volume=6&rft.issue=1&rft.spage=73&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Clinical+and+Diagnostic+Laboratory+Immunology&rft.issn=1071412X&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Human immunodeficiency virus; Cytokines; Lymphocytes; Flow cytometry; Developing countries; Lymph nodes; Interleukin 8 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - New Mouse Model for Dengue Virus Vaccine Testing AN - 17142143; 4443639 AB - Several dengue (DEN) virus vaccines are in development; however the lack of a reliable small animal model in which to test them is a major obstacle. Because evidence suggests that interferon (IFN) is involved in the human anti-DEN virus response, we tested mice deficient in their IFN functions as potential models. Intraperitoneally administered mouse-adapted DEN 2 virus was uniformly lethal in AG129 mice (which lack alpha/beta IFN and gamma IFN receptor genes), regardless of age. Immunized mice were protected from virus challenge, and survival times increased following passive transfer of anti-DEN polyclonal antibody. These results demonstrate that AG129 mice are a promising small animal model for DEN virus vaccine trials. JF - Journal of Virology AU - Johnson, A J AU - Roehrig, J T AD - DVBID, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, P. O. Box 2087, Fort Collins CO 80522 USA, ajj1@cdc.gov Y1 - 1999/01// PY - 1999 DA - Jan 1999 SP - 783 EP - 786 VL - 73 IS - 1 SN - 0022-538X, 0022-538X KW - Dengue virus KW - animal models KW - mice KW - Biotechnology and Bioengineering Abstracts; Immunology Abstracts; Medical and Pharmaceutical Biotechnology Abstracts; Virology & AIDS Abstracts KW - Interferon KW - Vaccines KW - W3 33365:Vaccines (other) KW - F 06807:Active immunization KW - V 22097:Immunization: Vaccines & vaccination: Human KW - W3 33056:Animal models of human disease KW - W 30965:Miscellaneous, Reviews UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/17142143?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Abiotechresearch&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Virology&rft.atitle=New+Mouse+Model+for+Dengue+Virus+Vaccine+Testing&rft.au=Johnson%2C+A+J%3BRoehrig%2C+J+T&rft.aulast=Johnson&rft.aufirst=A&rft.date=1999-01-01&rft.volume=73&rft.issue=1&rft.spage=783&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+Virology&rft.issn=0022538X&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Dengue virus; Interferon; Vaccines ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Prevalence of Bartonella henselae and Bartonella clarridgeiae in an Urban Indonesian Cat Population AN - 17141722; 4446496 AB - We studied evidence of Bartonella henselae and Bartonella clarridgeiae infection in 54 cats living in Jakarta, Indonesia. By using an indirect immunofluorescence assay, we found immunoglobulin G antibody to B. henselae in 40 of 74 cats (54%). The blood of 14 feral cats was cultured on rabbit blood agar plates for 28 days. Bartonella-like colonies were identified as B. henselae or B. clarridgeiae by using restriction fragment length polymorphism analysis and direct sequencing of the PCR amplicons. Of the cats sampled in the study, 6 of 14 (43%; all feral) were culture positive for B. henselae; 3 of 14 (21%; 2 feral and 1 pet) culture positive for B. clarridgeiae. This is the first report that documents B. henselae and B. clarridgeiae infections in Indonesian cats. JF - Clinical and Diagnostic Laboratory Immunology AU - Marston, EL AU - Finkel, B AU - Regnery, R L AU - Winoto, IL AU - Graham, R R AU - Wignal, S AU - Simanjuntak, G AU - Olson, J G AD - Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Viral and Rickettsial Zoonoses Branch, Mailstop G13, 1600 Clifton Rd., Atlanta, GA 30333, USA, jgo0@cdc.gov Y1 - 1999/01// PY - 1999 DA - Jan 1999 SP - 41 EP - 44 VL - 6 IS - 1 SN - 1071-412X, 1071-412X KW - Bartonella clarridgeiae KW - Bartonella henselae KW - Indonesia KW - cats KW - Microbiology Abstracts B: Bacteriology; Immunology Abstracts KW - Restriction fragment length polymorphism KW - Antibody response KW - Immunofluorescence KW - Immunoglobulin G KW - J 02862:Infection KW - F 06801:Bacteria UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/17141722?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologyb&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Clinical+and+Diagnostic+Laboratory+Immunology&rft.atitle=Prevalence+of+Bartonella+henselae+and+Bartonella+clarridgeiae+in+an+Urban+Indonesian+Cat+Population&rft.au=Marston%2C+EL%3BFinkel%2C+B%3BRegnery%2C+R+L%3BWinoto%2C+IL%3BGraham%2C+R+R%3BWignal%2C+S%3BSimanjuntak%2C+G%3BOlson%2C+J+G&rft.aulast=Marston&rft.aufirst=EL&rft.date=1999-01-01&rft.volume=6&rft.issue=1&rft.spage=41&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Clinical+and+Diagnostic+Laboratory+Immunology&rft.issn=1071412X&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Bartonella clarridgeiae; Bartonella henselae; Immunoglobulin G; Immunofluorescence; Restriction fragment length polymorphism; Antibody response ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Haff disease associated with eating buffalo fish--United States, 1997. AN - 69127158; 9883771 AB - Haff disease is a syndrome of unexplained rhabdomyolysis following consumption of certain types of fish; it is caused by an unidentified toxin. Rhabdomyolysis is a clinical syndrome caused by injury to skeletal muscle that results in release of muscle cell contents into the circulation. In 1997, six cases of Haff disease were identified in the United States (four in California and two in Missouri) among persons who ate buffalo fish (Ictiobus cyprinellus), a bottom-feeding species found mostly in the Mississippi River or its tributaries. This report summarizes the investigation of these cases. JF - MMWR. Morbidity and mortality weekly report AU - Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) AD - Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) Y1 - 1998/12/25/ PY - 1998 DA - 1998 Dec 25 SP - 1091 EP - 1093 VL - 47 IS - 50 SN - 0149-2195, 0149-2195 KW - Marine Toxins KW - 0 KW - Index Medicus KW - Missouri -- epidemiology KW - Animals KW - Aged, 80 and over KW - Humans KW - Fishes KW - Adult KW - Aged KW - Middle Aged KW - California -- epidemiology KW - Male KW - Female KW - Rhabdomyolysis -- etiology KW - Rhabdomyolysis -- epidemiology KW - Foodborne Diseases -- epidemiology KW - Foodborne Diseases -- etiology KW - Marine Toxins -- adverse effects KW - Foodborne Diseases -- physiopathology KW - Rhabdomyolysis -- physiopathology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/69127158?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=MMWR.+Morbidity+and+mortality+weekly+report&rft.atitle=Haff+disease+associated+with+eating+buffalo+fish--United+States%2C+1997.&rft.au=Centers+for+Disease+Control+and+Prevention+%28CDC%29&rft.aulast=Centers+for+Disease+Control+and+Prevention+%28CDC%29&rft.aufirst=&rft.date=1998-12-25&rft.volume=47&rft.issue=50&rft.spage=1091&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=MMWR.+Morbidity+and+mortality+weekly+report&rft.issn=01492195&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1999-01-12 N1 - Date created - 1999-01-12 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Multistate outbreak of listeriosis--United States, 1998. AN - 69127124; 9883769 AB - Since early August 1998, 40 illnesses caused by a single strain of Listeria monocytogenes (LM) have been identified in 10 states: Ohio (13 cases); New York; Tennessee, Massachusetts, and West Virginia (three each); Michigan (two); and Connecticut, Oregon, Vermont, and Georgia (one each). Dates of illness onset or LM isolation ranged from August 2 through December 2. All LM isolates from these cases are serotype 4b and share an unusual pattern when subtyped either by pulsed-field gel electrophoresis or by ribotyping methods. Historically, this pattern is rare among LM isolates from humans. JF - MMWR. Morbidity and mortality weekly report AU - Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) AD - Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) Y1 - 1998/12/25/ PY - 1998 DA - 1998 Dec 25 SP - 1085 EP - 1086 VL - 47 IS - 50 SN - 0149-2195, 0149-2195 KW - Index Medicus KW - Humans KW - Infant, Newborn KW - Serotyping KW - Aged KW - Disease Outbreaks KW - Foodborne Diseases -- prevention & control KW - Aged, 80 and over KW - Meat Products -- microbiology KW - Adult KW - Food Contamination KW - Middle Aged KW - United States -- epidemiology KW - Female KW - Male KW - Listeriosis -- mortality KW - Listeriosis -- epidemiology KW - Listeria monocytogenes -- isolation & purification KW - Listeriosis -- prevention & control KW - Listeria monocytogenes -- classification UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/69127124?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=MMWR.+Morbidity+and+mortality+weekly+report&rft.atitle=Multistate+outbreak+of+listeriosis--United+States%2C+1998.&rft.au=Centers+for+Disease+Control+and+Prevention+%28CDC%29&rft.aulast=Centers+for+Disease+Control+and+Prevention+%28CDC%29&rft.aufirst=&rft.date=1998-12-25&rft.volume=47&rft.issue=50&rft.spage=1085&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=MMWR.+Morbidity+and+mortality+weekly+report&rft.issn=01492195&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1999-01-12 N1 - Date created - 1999-01-12 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Fatal Cercopithecine herpesvirus 1 (B virus) infection following a mucocutaneous exposure and interim recommendations for worker protection. AN - 69119700; 9879633 AB - On December 10, 1997, a 22-year-old female worker at a primate center died from Cercopithecine herpesvirus 1 (B virus) infection 42 days after biologic material (possibly fecal) from a rhesus macaque (Macaca mulatta) splashed into her right eye. This report summarizes the clinical features of her illness and the subsequent investigation by CDC in response to a technical assistance request from the Occupational Safety and Health Administration (OSHA) and presents interim recommendations to prevent ocular splash exposures. This investigation documented the hazard of ocular splashes and indicated that dendritic corneal lesions, such as herpetic skin vesicles, are not always present in B virus infection. JF - MMWR. Morbidity and mortality weekly report AU - Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) AD - Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) Y1 - 1998/12/18/ PY - 1998 DA - 1998 Dec 18 SP - 1073 EP - 6, 1083 VL - 47 IS - 49 SN - 0149-2195, 0149-2195 KW - Index Medicus KW - Fatal Outcome KW - Humans KW - Adult KW - Female KW - Eye Infections -- complications KW - Herpesviridae Infections -- prevention & control KW - Herpesviridae Infections -- etiology KW - Eye Infections -- etiology KW - Occupational Exposure -- adverse effects KW - Herpesviridae Infections -- diagnosis KW - Herpesviridae Infections -- complications KW - Encephalomyelitis -- etiology KW - Herpesvirus 1, Cercopithecine -- isolation & purification KW - Animal Technicians UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/69119700?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=MMWR.+Morbidity+and+mortality+weekly+report&rft.atitle=Fatal+Cercopithecine+herpesvirus+1+%28B+virus%29+infection+following+a+mucocutaneous+exposure+and+interim+recommendations+for+worker+protection.&rft.au=Centers+for+Disease+Control+and+Prevention+%28CDC%29&rft.aulast=Centers+for+Disease+Control+and+Prevention+%28CDC%29&rft.aufirst=&rft.date=1998-12-18&rft.volume=47&rft.issue=49&rft.spage=1073&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=MMWR.+Morbidity+and+mortality+weekly+report&rft.issn=01492195&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1999-01-12 N1 - Date created - 1999-01-12 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - HIV seroincidence and risk factors among patients repeatedly tested for HIV attending sexually transmitted disease clinics in the United States, 1991 to 1996. STD Clinic HIV Seroincidence Study Group. AN - 69091512; 9859965 AB - To assess the incidence of HIV infection and risk factors associated with HIV seroconversion among patients attending clinics for sexually transmitted diseases (STD), medical record reviews were conducted in 12 clinics in 7 U.S. cities. The records of all patients who initially tested negative for HIV from 1991 through 1996 and who received at least one additional HIV test during the study period were reviewed. In each of 7 cities, 5 to 112 patients seroconverted. Of the 286 seroconverters identified in total, 53% (152 of 286) were heterosexual men and 28% (81 of 286) were women. HIV incidence rates among men who have sex with men (MSM) ranged by city from 0.81 to 7.0 new infections/100 person-years. Rates among heterosexual men and women ranged from 0.018 to 1.2 infections/100 person-years. Multivariate analyses showed that drug use was associated with HIV seroconversion only among heterosexuals. Most new HIV infections in these clinics are being transmitted heterosexually and are associated with drug use. Nevertheless, MSM, particularly young MSM, are at greatest risk for HIV in this population: 1 of 47 seroconvert/year. The effective use of targeted prevention efforts depends upon the continued ability to monitor the incidence of HIV infection. JF - Journal of acquired immune deficiency syndromes and human retrovirology : official publication of the International Retrovirology Association AU - Weinstock, H AU - Sweeney, S AU - Satten, G A AU - Gwinn, M AD - Division of HIV/AIDS Prevention-Surveillance and Epidemiology, National Center for HIV, STD, and TB Prevention, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia 30333, USA. hsw2@cdc.gov Y1 - 1998/12/15/ PY - 1998 DA - 1998 Dec 15 SP - 506 EP - 512 VL - 19 IS - 5 SN - 1077-9450, 1077-9450 KW - Index Medicus KW - AIDS/HIV KW - Homosexuality, Male KW - Age Factors KW - Sexually Transmitted Diseases -- complications KW - Humans KW - Retrospective Studies KW - Multivariate Analysis KW - Bisexuality KW - Risk Factors KW - Adult KW - Heterosexuality KW - Sex Work KW - Incidence KW - Substance-Related Disorders -- complications KW - Urban Population KW - United States -- epidemiology KW - Female KW - Male KW - HIV Infections -- transmission KW - HIV Infections -- etiology KW - HIV Infections -- epidemiology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/69091512?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+acquired+immune+deficiency+syndromes+and+human+retrovirology+%3A+official+publication+of+the+International+Retrovirology+Association&rft.atitle=HIV+seroincidence+and+risk+factors+among+patients+repeatedly+tested+for+HIV+attending+sexually+transmitted+disease+clinics+in+the+United+States%2C+1991+to+1996.+STD+Clinic+HIV+Seroincidence+Study+Group.&rft.au=Weinstock%2C+H%3BSweeney%2C+S%3BSatten%2C+G+A%3BGwinn%2C+M&rft.aulast=Weinstock&rft.aufirst=H&rft.date=1998-12-15&rft.volume=19&rft.issue=5&rft.spage=506&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+acquired+immune+deficiency+syndromes+and+human+retrovirology+%3A+official+publication+of+the+International+Retrovirology+Association&rft.issn=10779450&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1998-12-31 N1 - Date created - 1998-12-31 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Lead poisoning associated with imported candy and powdered food coloring--California and Michigan. AN - 69109637; 9869075 AB - Although the most common source of pediatric lead poisoning is dust within the home that contains deteriorated lead-based paint from walls and windowsills, other less common sources (1-3) can result in excess exposure among children (i.e., blood lead levels [BLLs] > or =10 microg/dL). This report describes two cases of pediatric lead poisoning associated with eating imported candy and food stuffs and underscores the importance of thorough history-taking to identify unusual sources of lead exposure. JF - MMWR. Morbidity and mortality weekly report AU - Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) AD - Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) Y1 - 1998/12/11/ PY - 1998 DA - 1998 Dec 11 SP - 1041 EP - 1043 VL - 47 IS - 48 SN - 0149-2195, 0149-2195 KW - Food Coloring Agents KW - 0 KW - Lead KW - 2P299V784P KW - Index Medicus KW - Humans KW - Child KW - Lead -- analysis KW - California -- epidemiology KW - Michigan -- epidemiology KW - Male KW - Child, Preschool KW - Candy -- adverse effects KW - Food Coloring Agents -- analysis KW - Lead Poisoning -- epidemiology KW - Candy -- analysis KW - Lead Poisoning -- etiology KW - Food Coloring Agents -- adverse effects UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/69109637?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=MMWR.+Morbidity+and+mortality+weekly+report&rft.atitle=Lead+poisoning+associated+with+imported+candy+and+powdered+food+coloring--California+and+Michigan.&rft.au=Centers+for+Disease+Control+and+Prevention+%28CDC%29&rft.aulast=Centers+for+Disease+Control+and+Prevention+%28CDC%29&rft.aufirst=&rft.date=1998-12-11&rft.volume=47&rft.issue=48&rft.spage=1041&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=MMWR.+Morbidity+and+mortality+weekly+report&rft.issn=01492195&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1998-12-29 N1 - Date created - 1998-12-29 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Surveillance for waterborne-disease outbreaks--United States, 1995-1996. AN - 69088455; 9859954 AB - Since 1971, CDC and the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency have maintained a collaborative surveillance system for collecting and periodically reporting data that relate to occurrences and causes of waterborne-disease outbreaks (WBDOs). This summary includes data for January 1995 through December 1996 and previously unreported outbreaks in 1994. The surveillance system includes data about outbreaks associated with drinking water and recreational water. State, territorial, and local public health departments are primarily responsible for detecting and investigating WBDOs and for voluntarily reporting them to CDC on a standard form. For the period 1995-1996, 13 states reported a total of 22 outbreaks associated with drinking water. These outbreaks caused an estimated total of 2,567 persons to become ill. No deaths were reported. The microbe or chemical that caused the outbreak was identified for 14 (63.6%) of the 22 outbreaks. Giardia lamblia and Shigella sonnei each caused two (9.1%) of the 22 outbreaks; Escherichia coli O157:H7, Plesiomonas shigelloides, and a small round structured virus were implicated for one outbreak (4.5%) each. One of the two outbreaks of giardiasis involved the largest number of cases, with an estimated 1,449 ill persons. Seven outbreaks (31.8% of 22) of chemical poisoning, which involved a total of 90 persons, were reported. Copper and nitrite were associated with two outbreaks (9.1% of 22) each and sodium hydroxide, chlorine, and concentrated liquid soap with one outbreak (4.5%) each. Eleven (50.0%) of the 22 outbreaks were linked to well water, eight in noncommunity and three in community systems. Only three of the 10 outbreaks associated with community water systems were caused by problems at water treatment plants; the other seven resulted from problems in the water distribution systems and plumbing of individual facilities (e.g., a restaurant). Six of the seven outbreaks were associated with chemical contamination of the drinking water; the seventh outbreak was attributed to a small round structured virus. Four of the seven outbreaks occurred because of backflow or backsiphonage through a cross-connection, and two occurred because of high levels of copper that leached into water after the installation of new plumbing. For three of the four outbreaks caused by contamination from a cross-connection, an improperly installed vacuum breaker or a faulty backflow prevention device was identified; no protection against backsiphonage was found for the fourth outbreak. Thirty-seven outbreaks from 17 states were attributed to recreational water exposure and affected an estimated 9,129 persons, including 8,449 persons in two large outbreaks of cryptosporidiosis. Twenty-two (59.5%) of these 37 were outbreaks of gastroenteritis; nine (24.3%) were outbreaks of dermatitis; and six (16.2%) were single cases of primary amebic meningoencephalitis caused by Naegleria fowleri, all of which were fatal. The etiologic agent was identified for 33 (89.2%) of the 37 outbreaks. Six (27.3%) of the 22 outbreaks of gastroenteritis were caused by Cryptosporidium parvum and six (27.3%) by E. coli O157:H7. All of the latter were associated with unchlorinated water (i.e., in lakes) or inadequately chlorinated water (i.e., in a pool). Thirteen (59.1%) of these 22 outbreaks were associated with lake water, eight (36.4%) with swimming or wading pools, and one(4.5%) with a hot spring. Of the nine outbreaks of dermatitis, seven (77.8%) were outbreaks of Pseudomonas dermatitis associated with hot tubs, and two (22.2%) were lake-associated outbreaks of swimmer's itch caused by Schistosoma species. WBDOs caused by E. coli O157:H7 were reported more frequently than in previous years and were associated primarily with recreational lake water. This finding suggests the need for better monitoring of water quality and identification of sources of JF - MMWR. CDC surveillance summaries : Morbidity and mortality weekly report. CDC surveillance summaries AU - Levy, D A AU - Bens, M S AU - Craun, G F AU - Calderon, R L AU - Herwaldt, B L AD - Epidemic Intelligence Service, Epidemiology Program Office, CDC, USA. Y1 - 1998/12/11/ PY - 1998 DA - 1998 Dec 11 SP - 1 EP - 34 VL - 47 IS - 5 KW - Water KW - 059QF0KO0R KW - Index Medicus KW - United States KW - Water Supply -- standards KW - Humans KW - Communicable Disease Control KW - Swimming Pools -- standards KW - Quality Control KW - Disease Transmission, Infectious KW - Water Pollution KW - Water Microbiology -- standards KW - Communicable Diseases -- epidemiology KW - Water -- parasitology KW - Environmental Health -- standards KW - Disease Outbreaks KW - Communicable Diseases -- etiology KW - Water -- standards UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/69088455?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=MMWR.+CDC+surveillance+summaries+%3A+Morbidity+and+mortality+weekly+report.+CDC+surveillance+summaries&rft.atitle=Surveillance+for+waterborne-disease+outbreaks--United+States%2C+1995-1996.&rft.au=Levy%2C+D+A%3BBens%2C+M+S%3BCraun%2C+G+F%3BCalderon%2C+R+L%3BHerwaldt%2C+B+L&rft.aulast=Levy&rft.aufirst=D&rft.date=1998-12-11&rft.volume=47&rft.issue=5&rft.spage=1&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=MMWR.+CDC+surveillance+summaries+%3A+Morbidity+and+mortality+weekly+report.+CDC+surveillance+summaries&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1998-12-22 N1 - Date created - 1998-12-22 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Health effects associated with sulfuryl fluoride and methyl bromide exposure among structural fumigation workers. AN - 70104829; 9842373 AB - This study assessed the health effects associated with occupational exposure to methyl bromide and sulfuryl fluoride among structural fumigation workers. A cross-sectional study of 123 structural fumigation workers and 120 referents in south Florida was conducted. Nerve conduction, vibration, neurobehavioral, visual, olfactory, and renal function testing was included. The median lifetime duration of methyl bromide and sulfuryl fluoride exposure among workers was 1.20 years and 2.85 years, respectively. Sulfuryl fluoride exposure over the year preceding examination was associated with significantly reduced performance on the Pattern Memory Test and on olfactory testing. In addition, fumigation workers had significantly reduced performance on the Santa Ana Dexterity Test of the dominant hand and a nonsignificantly higher prevalence of carpal tunnel syndrome than did the referents. Occupational sulfuryl fluoride exposures may be associated with subclinical effects on the central nervous system, including effects on olfactory and some cognitive functions. However, no widespread pattern of cognitive deficits was observed. The peripheral nerve effects were likely caused by ergonomic stresses experienced by the fumigation workers. JF - American journal of public health AU - Calvert, G M AU - Mueller, C A AU - Fajen, J M AU - Chrislip, D W AU - Russo, J AU - Briggle, T AU - Fleming, L E AU - Suruda, A J AU - Steenland, K AD - Division of Surveillance, Hazard Evaluations and Field Studies, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Cincinnati, Ohio, USA. jac6@cdc.gov Y1 - 1998/12// PY - 1998 DA - December 1998 SP - 1774 EP - 1780 VL - 88 IS - 12 SN - 0090-0036, 0090-0036 KW - Hydrocarbons, Brominated KW - 0 KW - Insecticides KW - Sulfinic Acids KW - sulfuryl fluoride KW - 64B59K7U6Q KW - methyl bromide KW - 9V42E1Z7B6 KW - Abridged Index Medicus KW - Index Medicus KW - Cross-Sectional Studies KW - Lung Diseases -- chemically induced KW - Humans KW - Linear Models KW - Adult KW - Case-Control Studies KW - Aged KW - Middle Aged KW - Neuropsychological Tests KW - Florida KW - Male KW - Kidney Diseases -- chemically induced KW - Insecticides -- adverse effects KW - Sulfinic Acids -- adverse effects KW - Occupational Exposure -- adverse effects KW - Fumigation -- adverse effects KW - Nervous System Diseases -- chemically induced KW - Occupational Diseases -- chemically induced KW - Hydrocarbons, Brominated -- adverse effects UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/70104829?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=American+journal+of+public+health&rft.atitle=Health+effects+associated+with+sulfuryl+fluoride+and+methyl+bromide+exposure+among+structural+fumigation+workers.&rft.au=Calvert%2C+G+M%3BMueller%2C+C+A%3BFajen%2C+J+M%3BChrislip%2C+D+W%3BRusso%2C+J%3BBriggle%2C+T%3BFleming%2C+L+E%3BSuruda%2C+A+J%3BSteenland%2C+K&rft.aulast=Calvert&rft.aufirst=G&rft.date=1998-12-01&rft.volume=88&rft.issue=12&rft.spage=1774&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=American+journal+of+public+health&rft.issn=00900036&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1998-12-18 N1 - Date created - 1998-12-18 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - SuppNotes - Cited By: Am J Ophthalmol. 1966 Jul;62(1):27-37 [5936523] Neurology. 1963 Dec;13:1054-8 [14134178] Physiol Behav. 1984 Mar;32(3):489-502 [6463130] J Forensic Sci. 1986 Jul;31(3):1154-8 [3734735] Neurotoxicology. 1986 Fall;7(3):137-56 [3822255] Neurotoxicol Teratol. 1988 Mar-Apr;10(2):127-33 [3398820] Br J Ind Med. 1988 Sep;45(9):635-9 [3179239] Fundam Appl Toxicol. 1989 Apr;12(3):540-57 [2731668] Neurotoxicol Teratol. 1990 Jan-Feb;12(1):1-6 [2314356] Environ Res. 1993 Jan;60(1):145-59 [8432265] J Occup Med. 1993 Dec;35(12):1196-202 [8113922] Am J Public Health. 1994 May;84(5):731-6 [8179040] J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry. 1995 Mar;58(3):383 [7897432] Am J Ind Med. 1997 Oct;32(4):364-8 [9258390] Residue Rev. 1983;88:101-53 [6348905] N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Estimation of toxicity of chemical mixtures through modeling of chemical interactions. AN - 69171371; 9860892 AB - The Agency for Toxic Substances and Disease Registry (ATSDR), in collaboration with the Dutch Organization for Applied Scientific Research (TNO) Nutrition and Food Research Institute, is conducting studies to evaluate the role of chemical interactions in the expression of toxicity from low-level exposure to combinations of chemicals. The goal of this collaborative effort is to use a weight-of-evidence (WOE) approach to estimate joint toxicity of some simple chemical mixtures and to compare the estimations with test results from animal toxicity studies. The WOE approach uses individual chemical dose-response assessments and algorithms that incorporate various assumptions regarding potential chemical interactions. Qualitative evaluations were prepared for binary combinations of chemicals for the effect of butyl hydroxyanisole on di(2-ethylhexyl)phthalate, the effect of stannous chloride on Cd chloride (CdCl2), and the effect of CdCl2 on loperamide. Analyses of these evaluations and their comparison with the conclusions of laboratory animal experiments indicate that the WOE approach can be used to estimate qualitatively the joint toxicity of such simple mixtures. To further test the utility of the WOE approach, qualitative and semiquantitative evaluations were prepared for two chemical mixtures--one with similarly acting halogenated aliphatics (trichloroethylene, tetrachloroethylene, hexachloro-1,3-butadiene[HCBD], and 1,1,2-trichloro-3,3,3-trifluoropropene [TCTFP]) and the other with dissimilarly acting nephrotoxic components (mercuric chloride, lysinolalanine, D-limonene, and HCBD). These two sets of data were used to estimate the overall toxicities of the mixtures using the WOE algorithm for the mixture. The comparison of the results of the estimated toxicity with experimentally determined toxicity of the mixture of similarly acting nephrotoxicants demonstrated that the WOE approach correctly adjusted for the observed interactions in experimental animal studies. However, this was not true for the mixture of dissimilarly acting nephrotoxicants. This could be attributed to the fact that WOE evaluations are based on dose additivity that postulates that all chemicals in a given mixture act in the same way--by the same mechanism--and differ only in their potencies. In these cases the WOE approach evaluations, based on consideration of common mechanisms for simple chemical mixtures, can lead to better estimates of joint toxicity of chemical mixtures than the default assumption of dose additivity. The results also show that the WOE evaluations should be target-organ specific because none of the models tested could approximate the observed responses in organs other than the target organs in the laboratory animal studies. JF - Environmental health perspectives AU - Mumtaz, M M AU - De Rosa, C T AU - Groten, J AU - Feron, V J AU - Hansen, H AU - Durkin, P R AD - Division of Toxicology, Agency for Toxic Substances and Disease Registry, Atlanta, GA 30329-2238, USA. mgm4@cdc.gov Y1 - 1998/12// PY - 1998 DA - December 1998 SP - 1353 EP - 1360 VL - 106 Suppl 6 SN - 0091-6765, 0091-6765 KW - Antidiarrheals KW - 0 KW - Antioxidants KW - Carcinogens KW - Tin Compounds KW - Xenobiotics KW - stannous chloride KW - 1BQV3749L5 KW - Butylated Hydroxyanisole KW - 25013-16-5 KW - Loperamide KW - 6X9OC3H4II KW - Cadmium Chloride KW - J6K4F9V3BA KW - Index Medicus KW - Kidney Diseases -- pathology KW - Tin Compounds -- toxicity KW - Drug Interactions KW - Butylated Hydroxyanisole -- toxicity KW - Dose-Response Relationship, Drug KW - Antidiarrheals -- toxicity KW - Antioxidants -- toxicity KW - Algorithms KW - Carcinogens -- toxicity KW - Loperamide -- toxicity KW - Models, Biological KW - Cadmium Chloride -- toxicity KW - Kidney Diseases -- chemically induced KW - Xenobiotics -- toxicity UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/69171371?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Environmental+health+perspectives&rft.atitle=Estimation+of+toxicity+of+chemical+mixtures+through+modeling+of+chemical+interactions.&rft.au=Mumtaz%2C+M+M%3BDe+Rosa%2C+C+T%3BGroten%2C+J%3BFeron%2C+V+J%3BHansen%2C+H%3BDurkin%2C+P+R&rft.aulast=Mumtaz&rft.aufirst=M&rft.date=1998-12-01&rft.volume=106+Suppl+6&rft.issue=&rft.spage=1353&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Environmental+health+perspectives&rft.issn=00916765&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1999-04-20 N1 - Date created - 1999-04-20 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - SuppNotes - Cited By: Gen Pharmacol. 1987;18(5):547-50 [3653676] Regul Toxicol Pharmacol. 1988 Dec;8(4):471-86 [3222488] Toxicol Pathol. 1991;19(2):108-14 [1771364] Food Chem Toxicol. 1993 Feb;31(2):125-36 [8449457] Food Chem Toxicol. 1996 Nov-Dec;34(11-12):1075-82 [9119318] Fundam Appl Toxicol. 1995 Sep;27(2):203-16 [8529815] Toxicology. 1995 Dec 28;105(2-3):145-56 [8571353] Fundam Appl Toxicol. 1996 Feb;29(2):208-18 [8742318] Fundam Appl Toxicol. 1997 Mar;36(1):15-29 [9073463] Toxicol Ind Health. 1992 Nov-Dec;8(6):377-406 [7570620] N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Public health challenges posed by chemical mixtures. AN - 69171016; 9860881 AB - Approximately 40 million people live within a 4-mile radius of waste sites that the Agency for Toxic Substances and Disease Registry (ATSDR) has assessed to date. Human populations living in the vicinity of such sites are often subjected to complex chemical exposures that may contribute to the total body burden of oxogenous chemicals. Apart from the contaminants found at waste sites, exposure may also include environmental, occupational, and personal agents. Concurrent exposure to chemicals such as welding fumes, indoor air pollutants, tobacco smoke, alcohol, and prescription and nonprescription drugs makes the health assessment of exposure to waste site chemicals a more complex task. Voluntary exposures such as these frequently entail exposures to relatively high chemical concentrations and can usually be well defined and quantified. Conversely, involuntary exposures from waste sites may be at low concentrations and hence difficult to characterize and quantify. Of the approximately 1450 waste sites evaluated by the ATSDR, 530 (37%) had either completed or potentially completed exposure pathways. Results of public health assessments conducted at 167 sites during 1993 to 1995 show that about 1.5 million people have been exposed to site-specific contaminants. At 10% or more of the sites that had either completed or potentially completed exposure pathways, 56 substances were identified. Of these, 19 are either known or anticipated human carcinogens, and 9 are associated with reproductive or endocrine-disrupting effects. In this paper we present important concerns regarding hazardous waste sites including the impact on human health, ecology, and quality of life. To address such human-health related issues, the ATSDR has established a mixtures program that consists of three components: trend analysis to identify combinations of chemicals of concern, experimental studies to identify data that would be useful in the development and implementation of predictive decision support methodologies, and development of assessment methodologies and guidance to provide health assessors with the tools to incorporate the evaluation of multiple-chemical exposure into site assessments. JF - Environmental health perspectives AU - Hansen, H AU - De Rosa, C T AU - Pohl, H AU - Fay, M AU - Mumtaz, M M AD - Agency for Toxic Substances and Disease Registry, Division of Toxicology, Atlanta, GA 30333, USA. hjh1@cdc.gov Y1 - 1998/12// PY - 1998 DA - December 1998 SP - 1271 EP - 1280 VL - 106 Suppl 6 SN - 0091-6765, 0091-6765 KW - Xenobiotics KW - 0 KW - Index Medicus KW - Animals KW - Drug Interactions KW - Humans KW - Public Health KW - Xenobiotics -- toxicity UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/69171016?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Environmental+health+perspectives&rft.atitle=Public+health+challenges+posed+by+chemical+mixtures.&rft.au=Hansen%2C+H%3BDe+Rosa%2C+C+T%3BPohl%2C+H%3BFay%2C+M%3BMumtaz%2C+M+M&rft.aulast=Hansen&rft.aufirst=H&rft.date=1998-12-01&rft.volume=106+Suppl+6&rft.issue=&rft.spage=1271&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Environmental+health+perspectives&rft.issn=00916765&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1999-04-20 N1 - Date created - 1999-04-20 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - SuppNotes - Cited By: Environ Res. 1989 Oct;50(1):11-36 [2676508] Environ Health Perspect. 1997 Aug;105(8):856-61 [9347901] Toxicol Ind Health. 1989 Oct;5(5):805-24 [2683224] Arch Environ Health. 1991 May-Jun;46(3):145-50 [2039268] Am J Epidemiol. 1992 Jun 1;135(11):1197-207 [1626538] Am J Epidemiol. 1995 May 1;141(9):850-62 [7717362] Chemosphere. 1995 Jul;31(1):2485-98 [7670861] Pediatr Res. 1995 Sep;38(3):404-10 [7494667] Toxicol Ind Health. 1992 Nov-Dec;8(6):377-406 [7570620] Future Child. 1995 Summer-Fall;5(2):11-26 [8528683] Pediatrics. 1974 Nov;54(5):587-95 [4480317] Teratology. 1978 Oct;18(2):285-8 [362594] Clin Toxicol. 1981 Nov;18(11):1311-8 [7341057] Am J Ind Med. 1984;5(1-2):13-8 [6422744] J Chronic Dis. 1987;40(6):459-63 [3597650] J Chronic Dis. 1987;40(6):641-3 [3597667] Arch Neurol. 1987 Oct;44(10):1017-22 [2443112] Am Rev Respir Dis. 1988 Feb;137(2):326-30 [3124677] JAPCA. 1988 Jan;38(1):28-35 [3356996] Arch Environ Health. 1989 Mar-Apr;44(2):69-74 [2930248] Food Chem Toxicol. 1996 Nov-Dec;34(11-12):1131-8 [9119326] Food Chem Toxicol. 1996 Nov-Dec;34(11-12):1163-5 [9119332] Epidemiology. 1997 Jul;8(4):347-54 [9209846] Toxicol Ind Health. 1989 Oct;5(5):635-46 [2815099] N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Review of Ambient Aerosol Test Procedures in ASAE Standard S525 AN - 17258146; 4558905 AB - In November 1997, the American Society of Agricultural Engineers (ASAE) approved ASAE Standard S525. This standard provides performance specifications for environmental enclosures that are intended to protect operators from pesticide exposures during application. As part of ASAE Standard S525, optical particle counters and ambient aerosol are used to quantitatively evaluate the performance of these enclosures. This consensus standard specifies that the enclosure shall provide a 50:1 reduction in exposures for particles in a range of 2 to 4 mu m aerodynamic diameter. ASAE Standard S525 also states that the filters shall be at least 99% efficient for particles larger than 3 mu m. Data collection involves using two optical particle counters to measure aerosol concentrations inside and outside the cab during at least four different sessions. Statistical tests, specifically t-tests, are used to evaluate adherence to the standard. Because the test procedure can be complicated by aerosol generation in the cab, sophisticated judgment is needed before testing and data accumulation begin. The article's purpose is to review the basis for the ambient aerosol testing procedures, as specified in ASAE Standard S525, and to point out the standard's pitfalls. JF - Journal of Agricultural Safety and Health AU - Heitbrink, WA AU - Hall, R M AU - Reed, L D AU - Gibbons, D AD - NIOSH, 4676 Columbia Parkway, R5, Cincinnati, Ohio 45226, USA, wah2@cdc.gov Y1 - 1998/12// PY - 1998 DA - Dec 1998 SP - 255 EP - 266 VL - 4 IS - 4 SN - 1074-7583, 1074-7583 KW - Pollution Abstracts; Health & Safety Science Abstracts KW - Pollution monitoring KW - Air sampling KW - Occupational exposure KW - Aerosols KW - Agrochemicals KW - Pesticides KW - Standards KW - P 0000:AIR POLLUTION KW - H 1000:Occupational Safety and Health UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/17258146?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Apollution&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Agricultural+Safety+and+Health&rft.atitle=Review+of+Ambient+Aerosol+Test+Procedures+in+ASAE+Standard+S525&rft.au=Heitbrink%2C+WA%3BHall%2C+R+M%3BReed%2C+L+D%3BGibbons%2C+D&rft.aulast=Heitbrink&rft.aufirst=WA&rft.date=1998-12-01&rft.volume=4&rft.issue=4&rft.spage=255&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+Agricultural+Safety+and+Health&rft.issn=10747583&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Pesticides; Occupational exposure; Standards; Pollution monitoring; Agrochemicals; Aerosols; Air sampling ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Epidemiology of Work-Related Aviation Fatalities in Alaska, 1990-94 AN - 17239759; 4525466 AB - Alaska, with less than one-half of 1% of the United States workforce, accounts for 9% of all occupational aviation fatalities nationally; 30% of all occupational fatalities in Alaska are related to aviation. To understand this high mortality, we investigated occupational aviation crashes to identify risk factors. Occupational aviation fatalities in Alaska during 1990-94 were examined using National Transportation Safety Board reports and merged with records from the Alaska Occupational Injury Surveillance System. there were 876 aircraft crashes; 407 (46%) were work-related. Occupational crashes were 2.2 times (Cl: 1.5, 3.2) more likely to result in fatalities than non-occupational crashes. Risk factors identified included poor weather conditions defined as Instrument Meteorological Conditions (IMC). A crash during IMC was 5.3 times (Cl: 3.5, 7.9) more likely to result in fatalities than crashes in other conditions. Of aircraft involved in fatal occupational incidents, 33% were not completely destroyed, allowing the potential for survivors. An estimated 30% reduction in fatalities could have occurred if current technology in occupant protection had been used. JF - Aviation, Space and Environmental Medicine AU - Garrett, L C AU - Conway, G A AU - Manwaring, J C AD - CDC/NIOSH, 4230 University Drive #310, Anchorage, AK, USA Y1 - 1998/12// PY - 1998 DA - Dec 1998 SP - 1131 EP - 1136 VL - 69 IS - 12 SN - 0095-6562, 0095-6562 KW - USA, Alaska KW - Health & Safety Science Abstracts KW - Mortality KW - Injuries KW - Climate KW - Occupational safety KW - Accidents KW - Aircraft KW - H 1000:Occupational Safety and Health UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/17239759?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Ahealthsafetyabstracts&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Aviation%2C+Space+and+Environmental+Medicine&rft.atitle=Epidemiology+of+Work-Related+Aviation+Fatalities+in+Alaska%2C+1990-94&rft.au=Garrett%2C+L+C%3BConway%2C+G+A%3BManwaring%2C+J+C&rft.aulast=Garrett&rft.aufirst=L&rft.date=1998-12-01&rft.volume=69&rft.issue=12&rft.spage=1131&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Aviation%2C+Space+and+Environmental+Medicine&rft.issn=00956562&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Injuries; Mortality; Occupational safety; Climate; Accidents; Aircraft ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Occupational Dermatitis Causing Days Away From Work in U.S. Private Industry, 1993 AN - 17239602; 4524228 AB - Occupational skin disease is an important cause of disability in the workplace. The aim of this report is to estimate the incidence of occupational dermatitis cases that causes days away from work and to characterize the cases. The Annual Survey of Occupational Injuries and Illnesses from the Bureau of Labor Statistics collects employer reports on work-related dermatitis. Descriptive data are collected on a sample of the cases that result in days away from work. Estimates of the number of cases and days away from work were calculated by industry, occupation, and exposure source. In 1993, there were an estimated 8,835 cases of occupational dermatitis, a rate of 1.12/10,000 workers. The largest number of cases was in health services, while the highest rate was in agricultural crops. The occupation with the largest number of cases was non-construction laborers. Cleaning/polishing agents caused the largest number of cases. Calcium hydroxide and oxides caused a median of nine days away from work. The survey data show that the effect of occupational dermatitis is substantial in the lives of workers. These descriptive data should be used to target interventions. JF - American Journal of Industrial Medicine AU - Burnett, CA AU - Lushniak, B D AU - McCarthy, W AU - Kaufman, J AD - 4676 Columbia Parkway, MS R-18, Cincinnati, OH 45226, USA, cab9@cdc.gov Y1 - 1998/12// PY - 1998 DA - Dec 1998 SP - 568 EP - 573 VL - 34 IS - 6 SN - 0271-3586, 0271-3586 KW - USA KW - calcium hydroxide KW - calcium oxides KW - dermatitis KW - man KW - Toxicology Abstracts; Health & Safety Science Abstracts KW - Agriculture KW - Skin KW - Medical personnel KW - Cleaning systems KW - Industries KW - Cleaning process KW - Occupational exposure KW - Dermatitis KW - H 1000:Occupational Safety and Health KW - X 24152:Chronic exposure UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/17239602?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxicologyabstracts&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=American+Journal+of+Industrial+Medicine&rft.atitle=Occupational+Dermatitis+Causing+Days+Away+From+Work+in+U.S.+Private+Industry%2C+1993&rft.au=Burnett%2C+CA%3BLushniak%2C+B+D%3BMcCarthy%2C+W%3BKaufman%2C+J&rft.aulast=Burnett&rft.aufirst=CA&rft.date=1998-12-01&rft.volume=34&rft.issue=6&rft.spage=568&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=American+Journal+of+Industrial+Medicine&rft.issn=02713586&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Medical personnel; dermatitis; Agriculture; Occupational exposure; Cleaning process; Skin; Industries; Dermatitis; Cleaning systems ER - TY - JOUR T1 - A prospective study of tuberculosis and HIV disease progression AN - 17236908; 4511135 AB - To determine whether active tuberculosis alters the rate of progression of HIV infection in dually infected patients. HIV-seropositive patients at two Bronx, New York hospitals with tuberculosis confirmed by culture from July 1992 to February 1995, who survived the initial hospitalization for tuberculosis, were matched on gender, age, CD4 super(+) percentage, and calendar time with HIV-seropositive patients without tuberculosis participating in a study of the natural history of HIV infection. Patients received follow-up observation prospectively until May 23, 1995 to determine survival rates and development of AIDS-defining opportunistic infections (OIs). 70 patients had tuberculosis; 120 did not. Mean CD4 super(+) percentages were 12.4% and 12.5%, respectively. At study entry, 27% of those with tuberculosis had prior AIDS-defining OIs other than tuberculosis, compared with 10% of those without tuberculosis (p = .004). In multivariate survival analysis, controlling for CD4 super(+) level, tuberculosis was not an independent predictor of increased other causes of AIDS-related mortality. However, in a logistic regression model, independent predictors of ubsequent OIs included tuberculosis (hazard ratio, 4.1; 95% confidence intervals [CI], 1.9, 8.7), CD4 super(+) count <100/mm super(3) (hazard ratio, 2.4; 95% CI, 1.1, 5.0) and prior OIs (hazard ration, 3.3; 95% CI, 1.3, 8.3). Tuberculosis was not an independent predictor of increased non-tuberculosis-related mortality in HIV-seropositive patients but was associated with increased risk of development of OIs. JF - Journal of Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndromes and Human Retrovirology AU - Munsiff, S S AU - Alpert, P L AU - Gourevitch, M N AU - Chang, C J AU - Klein, R S AD - Bureau of Tuberculosis Control, New York City, Department of Health, 225 Broadway, 22nd Floor, New York, NY 10007, USA, muns301w@cdc.gov Y1 - 1998/12// PY - 1998 DA - Dec 1998 SP - 361 EP - 366 VL - 19 IS - 4 SN - 1077-9450, 1077-9450 KW - CD4 antigen KW - HIV KW - man KW - Virology & AIDS Abstracts; Microbiology Abstracts B: Bacteriology KW - Acquired immune deficiency syndrome KW - Pathology KW - Human immunodeficiency virus KW - Immunocompromised hosts KW - Lymphocytes T KW - Tuberculosis KW - Mycobacterium tuberculosis KW - J 02845:Ear, nose and respiratory tract KW - V 22004:AIDS: Clinical aspects UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/17236908?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologyb&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Acquired+Immune+Deficiency+Syndromes+and+Human+Retrovirology&rft.atitle=A+prospective+study+of+tuberculosis+and+HIV+disease+progression&rft.au=Munsiff%2C+S+S%3BAlpert%2C+P+L%3BGourevitch%2C+M+N%3BChang%2C+C+J%3BKlein%2C+R+S&rft.aulast=Munsiff&rft.aufirst=S&rft.date=1998-12-01&rft.volume=19&rft.issue=4&rft.spage=361&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+Acquired+Immune+Deficiency+Syndromes+and+Human+Retrovirology&rft.issn=10779450&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Human immunodeficiency virus; Mycobacterium tuberculosis; Pathology; Acquired immune deficiency syndrome; Immunocompromised hosts; Tuberculosis; Lymphocytes T ER - TY - JOUR T1 - An outbreak of viral gastroenteritis associated with consumption of sandwiches: implications for the control of transmission by food handlers AN - 17234959; 4513709 AB - Although food handlers are often implicated as the source of infection in outbreaks of food-borne viral gastroenteritis, little is known about the timing of infectivity in relation to illness. We investigated a gastroenteritis outbreak among employees of a manufacturing company and found an association (RR = 14.1, 95% CI = 2.0-97.3) between disease and eating sandwiches prepared by 6 food handlers, 1 of whom reported gastroenteritis which had subsided 4 days earlier. Norwalk-like viruses were detected by electron microscopy or reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) in stool specimens from several company employees, the sick food handler whose specimen was obtained 10 days after resolution of illness, and an asymptomatic food handler. All RT-PCR product sequences were identical, suggesting a common source of infection. These data support observations from recent volunteer studies that current recommendations to exclude food handlers from work for 48-72 h after recovery from illness may not always prevent transmission of Norwalk-like viruses because virus can be shed up to 10 days after illness or while exhibiting no symptoms. JF - Epidemiology and Infection AU - Parashar, U D AU - Dow, L AU - Fankhauser, R L AU - Humphrey, C D AU - Miller, J AU - Ando, T AU - Williams, K S AU - Eddy, C R AU - Noel, J S AU - Ingram, T AU - Bresee, J S AU - Monroe, S S AU - Glass, R I AD - Epidemic Intelligence Service, Epidemiology Program Office, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), Atlanta, GA, USA Y1 - 1998/12// PY - 1998 DA - Dec 1998 SP - 615 EP - 621 VL - 121 IS - 3 SN - 0950-0268, 0950-0268 KW - Norwalk virus KW - disease transmission KW - gastroenteritis KW - Health & Safety Science Abstracts; Microbiology Abstracts A: Industrial & Applied Microbiology; Virology & AIDS Abstracts KW - Food industry KW - Food contamination KW - Food-borne diseases KW - Disease transmission KW - Gastroenteritis KW - V 22123:Epidemiology KW - A 01017:Human foods KW - H 4000:Food and Drugs UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/17234959?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologya&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Epidemiology+and+Infection&rft.atitle=An+outbreak+of+viral+gastroenteritis+associated+with+consumption+of+sandwiches%3A+implications+for+the+control+of+transmission+by+food+handlers&rft.au=Parashar%2C+U+D%3BDow%2C+L%3BFankhauser%2C+R+L%3BHumphrey%2C+C+D%3BMiller%2C+J%3BAndo%2C+T%3BWilliams%2C+K+S%3BEddy%2C+C+R%3BNoel%2C+J+S%3BIngram%2C+T%3BBresee%2C+J+S%3BMonroe%2C+S+S%3BGlass%2C+R+I&rft.aulast=Parashar&rft.aufirst=U&rft.date=1998-12-01&rft.volume=121&rft.issue=3&rft.spage=615&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Epidemiology+and+Infection&rft.issn=09500268&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Norwalk virus; Food contamination; Gastroenteritis; Disease transmission; Food-borne diseases; Food industry ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Tuberculosis among foreign-born residents of southern Florida, 1995 AN - 17221123; 4500475 AB - The study's objective was to examine the characteristics of foreign-born people with tuberculosis (TB) in Southern Florida, their contribution to the total number of TB cases, and available data on their HIV status as well as to determine the number of cases detected by the overseas medical screening of immigrants and refugees. The authors reviewed TB cases reported by Broward, Dade, and Palm Beach counties in 1995. Case records were matched against the CDC Division of Quarantine database of immigrants and refugees suspected to have TB at the time of visa application overseas. Nearly half (49%) of TB cases in the three counties were among people born outside the United States--34% in Broward County, 58% in Dade County, and 40% in Palm Beach County. A high percentage (26%) were co-infected with HIV. Of those with known date of arrival, 68% had been in the United States for five or more years. Only three cases had been identified by overseas immigrant screening. A low percentage of TB cases in foreign-born people were identified through the overseas screening system. Controlling TB in South Florida will require efforts targeted toward high risk populations, including people with HIV infection. JF - Public Health Reports AU - Granich, R M AU - Zuber, PLF AU - McMillan, M AU - Cobb, J D AU - Burr, J AU - Sfakianaki, ED AU - Fussell, M AU - Binkin, N J AD - 140 Warren Hall, School of Public Health, UC Berkeley, Berkeley CA 94720, USA, rhg6@cdc.gov Y1 - 1998/12// PY - 1998 DA - Dec 1998 SP - 552 EP - 556 PB - Oxford University Press, Oxford Journals VL - 113 IS - 6 SN - 0033-3549, 0033-3549 KW - HIV KW - USA, Florida KW - disease control KW - immigrants KW - tuberculosis KW - Microbiology Abstracts B: Bacteriology; Health & Safety Science Abstracts KW - Disease control KW - Public health KW - Human immunodeficiency virus KW - Tuberculosis KW - H 11000:Diseases/Injuries/Trauma KW - J 02845:Ear, nose and respiratory tract UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/17221123?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologyb&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Public+Health+Reports&rft.atitle=Tuberculosis+among+foreign-born+residents+of+southern+Florida%2C+1995&rft.au=Granich%2C+R+M%3BZuber%2C+PLF%3BMcMillan%2C+M%3BCobb%2C+J+D%3BBurr%2C+J%3BSfakianaki%2C+ED%3BFussell%2C+M%3BBinkin%2C+N+J&rft.aulast=Granich&rft.aufirst=R&rft.date=1998-12-01&rft.volume=113&rft.issue=6&rft.spage=552&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Public+Health+Reports&rft.issn=00333549&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Human immunodeficiency virus; Public health; Tuberculosis; Disease control ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Identification of a 47 kDa fibronectin-binding protein expressed by Borrelia burgdorferi isolate B31 AN - 17170322; 4469873 AB - The attachment of pathogenic microorganisms to host cells and tissues is often mediated through the expression of surface receptors recognizing components of the extracellular matrix (ECM). Here, we investigate the ability of Borrelia spirochaetes to bind the ECM constituent, fibronectin. Borrelia lysates were separated by SDS-PAGE, transferred to nitrocellulose and probed with alkaline phosphatase-labelled fibronectin (fibronectin-AP). Five of six Borrelia species and four of eight B. burgdorferi sensu lato isolates expressed one or more fibronectin-binding proteins. Borrelia burgdorferi isolate B31 expressed a 47kDa (P47) fibronectin-binding protein that was localized to the outer envelope based on susceptibility to proteinase K. The interaction of P47 with fibronectin was specific, and the region of fibronectin bound by P47 mapped to the gelatin/collagen binding domain. P47 was purified by affinity chromatography, digested with endoproteinase Lys-C, and the peptide fragments analysed by liquid chromatography/tandem mass spectroscopy. A search of protein databases disclosed that the P47 peptide mass profile matched that predicted for the bbk32 gene product of B. burgdorferi isolate B31. The bbk32 gene was cloned into Escherichia coli, and the ability of recombinant BBK32 to bind fibronectin and inhibit the attachment of B. burgdorferi was demonstrated. The identification of BBK32 as a receptor for fibronectin binding may enhance our understanding of the pathogenesis and chronic nature of Lyme disease. JF - Molecular Microbiology AU - Probert, W S AU - Johnson, BJB AD - Division of Vector-Borne Infectious Diseases, National Center for Infectious Diseases, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Fort Collins, CO 80522, USA, bjj1@cdc.gov Y1 - 1998/12// PY - 1998 DA - Dec 1998 SP - 1003 EP - 1015 VL - 30 IS - 5 SN - 0950-382X, 0950-382X KW - bbk32 gene KW - Microbiology Abstracts B: Bacteriology KW - Virulence KW - Attachment KW - Borrelia burgdorferi KW - Fibronectin KW - Binding KW - Lyme disease KW - J 02727:Amino acids, peptides and proteins UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/17170322?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologyb&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Molecular+Microbiology&rft.atitle=Identification+of+a+47+kDa+fibronectin-binding+protein+expressed+by+Borrelia+burgdorferi+isolate+B31&rft.au=Probert%2C+W+S%3BJohnson%2C+BJB&rft.aulast=Probert&rft.aufirst=W&rft.date=1998-12-01&rft.volume=30&rft.issue=5&rft.spage=1003&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Molecular+Microbiology&rft.issn=0950382X&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Borrelia burgdorferi; Binding; Virulence; Lyme disease; Attachment; Fibronectin ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Characterization of Human Immunoglobulin (Ig) Isotype and IgG Subclass Response to Bartonella henselae Infection AN - 17137549; 4439431 AB - Serologic parameters of cat scratch disease (CSD) were evaluated by Western blot analysis. Sera from patients with serologically confirmed CSD antigen were screened for immunoglobulin (Ig) isotype-specific as well as IgG subclass-specific reactivity against Bartonella henselae whole-cell antigen. Bartonella-negative control sera were used to determine baseline antibody activity. Heterogeneous B. henselae-specific IgG reactivity with numerous protein bands, ranging from >150 to <17 kDa, was observed. Though individual banding patterns were variable, one approximately 83-kDa B. henselae protein (Bh83) was immunoreactive with all CSD sera tested, suggesting it is a conserved antigen during infection. Bh83 was not recognized by reference human antisera against Rickettsia rickettsii, Chlamydia group positive, Treponema pallidum, Orientia tsutsugamushi, Fransciscella tularensis, Ehrlichia chaffeensis, Mycoplasma pneumoniae, and Escherichia coli, although other cross-reactive proteins were evident. Significantly, CSD sera failed to recognize the 83-kDa protein when tested against Bartonella quintana antigen, though sera from B. quintana-infected patients did react to Bh83. This cross-reactivity suggests epitope conservation during infection with B. henselae or B. quintana. Western blot analysis further revealed similar banding patterns when B. henselae was reacted against the Ig isotypes IgG and IgG sub(1) and both secretory and alpha chains of IgA. Neither IgM nor IgE reacted significantly to Bartonella antigen by our Western blot analysis. Dissection of the antibody response at the IgG subclass level indicated that prominent antigen recognition was limited to IgG sub(1). These observations provide insight into induced immunity during CSD and provide evidence for conserved epitope expression during infection with B. henselae or B. quintana. JF - Infection and Immunity AU - McGill, S L AU - Regnery, R L AU - Karem, K L AD - Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Mail Stop G-13, Atlanta, GA 30333, USA, kdk6@cdc.gov Y1 - 1998/12// PY - 1998 DA - Dec 1998 SP - 5915 EP - 5920 VL - 66 IS - 12 SN - 0019-9567, 0019-9567 KW - Bartonella henselae KW - Chlamydia KW - Ehrlichia chaffeensis KW - Escherichia coli KW - Francisella tularensis KW - Mycoplasma pneumoniae KW - Orientia tsutsugamushi KW - Rickettsia rickettsii KW - Western blotting KW - man KW - Immunology Abstracts; Microbiology Abstracts B: Bacteriology KW - Fransciscella tularensis KW - Immunoglobulins KW - Antibody response KW - Cat scratch disease KW - Immunoglobulin G KW - F 06801:Bacteria KW - J 02833:Immune response and immune mechanisms KW - F 06039:IgG UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/17137549?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologyb&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Infection+and+Immunity&rft.atitle=Characterization+of+Human+Immunoglobulin+%28Ig%29+Isotype+and+IgG+Subclass+Response+to+Bartonella+henselae+Infection&rft.au=McGill%2C+S+L%3BRegnery%2C+R+L%3BKarem%2C+K+L&rft.aulast=McGill&rft.aufirst=S&rft.date=1998-12-01&rft.volume=66&rft.issue=12&rft.spage=5915&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Infection+and+Immunity&rft.issn=00199567&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Bartonella henselae; Chlamydia; Ehrlichia chaffeensis; Fransciscella tularensis; Mycoplasma pneumoniae; Orientia tsutsugamushi; Rickettsia rickettsii; Immunoglobulin G; Immunoglobulins; Cat scratch disease; Antibody response ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Estimation of the incidence of Lyme disease AN - 17195342; 4492118 AB - The incidence of Lyme disease in most endemic areas is unknown but will be an important factor in determining the cost-effectiveness of Lyme disease vaccines in those areas. The authors developed a deterministic model with nine components to estimate the frequency of Ixodes scapularis tick bites and the resulting incidence of Lyme disease in residents of endemic areas. For each component, best point estimates and plausible ranges of values were based on the published literature, unpublished data, expert opinion, or a combination of the above. By using the mean, crude, annual total of 3,827 Lyme disease cases reported from the endemic county of Westchester, New York, in 1991-1994, a mean of 178,889 I. scapularis bites (20.4 per 100 person-years) and a mean of 10,632 incident Lyme disease cases (1.2 per 100 person-years) were estimated to have occurred per year. Results of a sensitivity analysis that used two different methods suggested that this deterministic model is reasonably robust. In conclusion, according to this model, the incidence of Lyme disease in Westchester County is several-fold higher than suggested by the current passive reporting system. JF - American Journal of Epidemiology AU - Campbell, G L AU - Fritz, CL AU - Fish, D AU - Nowakowski, J AU - Nadelman, R B AU - Wormser, G P AD - Division of Vector-Borne Infectious Diseases, CDC, P.O. Box 2087, Fort Collins, CO 80522-2087, USA Y1 - 1998/11/15/ PY - 1998 DA - 1998 Nov 15 SP - 1018 VL - 148 IS - 10 SN - 0002-9262, 0002-9262 KW - Acari KW - Microbiology Abstracts B: Bacteriology; Entomology Abstracts KW - Borrelia burgdorferi KW - Ixodidae KW - Ixodes scapularis KW - Disease transmission KW - Pest status KW - Lyme disease KW - J 02855:Human Bacteriology: Others KW - Z 05206:Medical & veterinary entomology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/17195342?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologyb&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=American+Journal+of+Epidemiology&rft.atitle=Estimation+of+the+incidence+of+Lyme+disease&rft.au=Campbell%2C+G+L%3BFritz%2C+CL%3BFish%2C+D%3BNowakowski%2C+J%3BNadelman%2C+R+B%3BWormser%2C+G+P&rft.aulast=Campbell&rft.aufirst=G&rft.date=1998-11-15&rft.volume=148&rft.issue=10&rft.spage=1018&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=American+Journal+of+Epidemiology&rft.issn=00029262&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Borrelia burgdorferi; Ixodes scapularis; Ixodidae; Disease transmission; Lyme disease; Pest status ER - TY - JOUR T1 - State-specific prevalence among adults of current cigarette smoking and smokeless tobacco use and per capita tax-paid sales of cigarettes--United States, 1997. AN - 70061647; 9822364 AB - In the United States each year, tobacco use causes approximately 400,000 deaths and is the single most preventable cause of death and disease. Consequently, state and local public health agencies closely monitor tobacco use and its correlates. In 1996, the prevalence of current cigarette smoking among adults was the first health behavior and the first noninfectious condition added by the Council of State and Territorial Epidemiologists (CSTE) to the list of nationally notifiable conditions reported to CDC. In 1998, per capita sales of cigarettes (along with prevalence among youth of current cigarette smoking and current smokeless tobacco use) was added by CSTE to the list of notifiable conditions reported by states to CDC. This report summarizes state-specific findings for current cigarette and current smokeless tobacco use by adults from the Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System (BRFSS) and number of packs of tax-paid cigarettes sold per capita in each state from data compiled annually by The Tobacco Institute. The findings indicate that current adult cigarette smoking prevalence by state ranged from 13.7% to 30.8%, annual per capita tax-paid cigarette sales ranged from 49.1 packs to 186.8 packs, and adult smokeless tobacco use prevalence ranged from 1.4% to 8.8%. JF - MMWR. Morbidity and mortality weekly report AU - Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) AD - Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) Y1 - 1998/11/06/ PY - 1998 DA - 1998 Nov 06 SP - 922 EP - 926 VL - 47 IS - 43 SN - 0149-2195, 0149-2195 KW - Index Medicus KW - Taxes KW - Humans KW - Adult KW - Commerce KW - United States -- epidemiology KW - Male KW - Female KW - Prevalence KW - Plants, Toxic KW - Tobacco, Smokeless -- economics KW - Tobacco Industry -- economics KW - Tobacco Use Disorder -- epidemiology KW - Tobacco Use Disorder -- economics KW - Smoking -- economics KW - Smoking -- epidemiology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/70061647?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=MMWR.+Morbidity+and+mortality+weekly+report&rft.atitle=State-specific+prevalence+among+adults+of+current+cigarette+smoking+and+smokeless+tobacco+use+and+per+capita+tax-paid+sales+of+cigarettes--United+States%2C+1997.&rft.au=Centers+for+Disease+Control+and+Prevention+%28CDC%29&rft.aulast=Centers+for+Disease+Control+and+Prevention+%28CDC%29&rft.aufirst=&rft.date=1998-11-06&rft.volume=47&rft.issue=43&rft.spage=922&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=MMWR.+Morbidity+and+mortality+weekly+report&rft.issn=01492195&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1998-11-20 N1 - Date created - 1998-11-20 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Linking injection drug users to medical services: role of street outreach referrals. AN - 70089486; 9834883 AB - Street outreach workers in HIV prevention have expanded their role to include referring injection drug users to medical services. However, little is known about whether drug users act on these referrals. The study discussed in this article examined the level of exposure to street outreach reported by injection drug users, the most common medical referrals acted on as a result of such contacts, and the predictors of acting on these referrals. Findings indicate that injection drug users with four or more contacts with street outreach workers during the preceding six months were more likely to report acting on referrals. To maximize the relevance of outreach for encouraging medical treatment, both street outreach workers and social workers in health care could benefit from cross training that focuses on strengthening the referral process. JF - Health & social work AU - Greenberg, J B AU - MacGowan, R AU - Neumann, M AU - Long, A AU - Cheney, R AU - Fernando, D AU - Sterk, C AU - Wiebel, W AD - National Center for HIV, STD, and TB Prevention, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA 30333, USA. jbg2@cdc.gov Y1 - 1998/11// PY - 1998 DA - November 1998 SP - 298 EP - 309 VL - 23 IS - 4 SN - 0360-7283, 0360-7283 KW - Index Medicus KW - AIDS/HIV KW - United States KW - Odds Ratio KW - Logistic Models KW - Humans KW - Adult KW - Surveys and Questionnaires KW - Male KW - Female KW - Referral and Consultation -- statistics & numerical data KW - HIV Infections -- prevention & control KW - HIV Infections -- etiology KW - Substance Abuse, Intravenous -- complications KW - Social Work KW - Community-Institutional Relations KW - Health Services Accessibility UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/70089486?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Health+%26+social+work&rft.atitle=Linking+injection+drug+users+to+medical+services%3A+role+of+street+outreach+referrals.&rft.au=Greenberg%2C+J+B%3BMacGowan%2C+R%3BNeumann%2C+M%3BLong%2C+A%3BCheney%2C+R%3BFernando%2C+D%3BSterk%2C+C%3BWiebel%2C+W&rft.aulast=Greenberg&rft.aufirst=J&rft.date=1998-11-01&rft.volume=23&rft.issue=4&rft.spage=298&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Health+%26+social+work&rft.issn=03607283&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1999-02-22 N1 - Date created - 1999-02-22 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Enhancement of HIV type 1 vaccine immunogenicity by block copolymer adjuvants. I. Induction of high-titer, long-lasting, cross-reactive antibodies of broad isotype. AN - 70062496; 9824324 AB - Improvements in HIV-1 vaccines are urgently needed since many of the available vaccines are weak immunogens. We examined the ability of CRL1005, a novel nonionic block copolymer adjuvant, to improve the immunogenicity of multiple HIV-1 envelope vaccines: six gp120s and single and multiple V3 peptides (MAPs). Formulation of vaccine with adjuvant, as compared with alum or saline, enhanced antibody titer in mice up to 200-fold, with antibody half-lives of >200 days. For most vaccinations, an oil-in-water formulation induced the highest antibody titers; for some antigens, however, particularly single peptides, water-in-oil (w/o) was better. Antigen cross-reactivity was optimized by formulation in w/o, while addition of detoxified lipopolysaccharide enhanced levels of IgG2a and IgG2b. After more than 1 year of observation, no vaccine-related toxicity was observed and emulsified antigen in encapsulated depots was found at immunization sites of w/o-immunized animals. No other adjuvant has been reported to induce such long-lasting antibodies, and the ability of CRL1005 to greatly amplify and qualitatively modify antibody responses suggests that it may be useful in developing improved HIV vaccines for humans. JF - AIDS research and human retroviruses AU - McNicholl, J M AU - Bond, K B AU - Ruhadze, E R AU - Olsen, M R AU - Takayama, K AU - Hunter, R L AD - Immunology Branch, DASLTR, NCID, CDC, Atlanta, Georgia 30333, USA. Y1 - 1998/11/01/ PY - 1998 DA - 1998 Nov 01 SP - 1457 EP - 1471 VL - 14 IS - 16 SN - 0889-2229, 0889-2229 KW - AIDS Vaccines KW - 0 KW - Adjuvants, Immunologic KW - Cytoskeletal Proteins KW - Drug Combinations KW - HIV Antibodies KW - HIV Envelope Protein gp120 KW - HIV envelope protein gp120 (305-321) KW - Immunoglobulin G KW - Immunoglobulin Isotypes KW - Lipid A KW - Lipopolysaccharides KW - Peptide Fragments KW - Peptides KW - Polymers KW - Vaccines, Synthetic KW - detox adjuvant KW - Poloxalene KW - 9003-11-6 KW - Index Medicus KW - AIDS/HIV KW - Animals KW - Humans KW - Peptides -- immunology KW - Mice KW - Amino Acid Sequence KW - Cytoskeletal Proteins -- immunology KW - Lipid A -- immunology KW - Mice, Inbred BALB C KW - Immunoglobulin G -- immunology KW - Cross Reactions KW - Lipid A -- analogs & derivatives KW - Lipopolysaccharides -- immunology KW - Kinetics KW - Molecular Sequence Data KW - Mice, Inbred C57BL KW - Time Factors KW - Female KW - HIV-1 -- immunology KW - HIV Envelope Protein gp120 -- immunology KW - HIV Antibodies -- immunology KW - AIDS Vaccines -- immunology KW - Vaccines, Synthetic -- immunology KW - Peptide Fragments -- immunology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/70062496?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=AIDS+research+and+human+retroviruses&rft.atitle=Enhancement+of+HIV+type+1+vaccine+immunogenicity+by+block+copolymer+adjuvants.+I.+Induction+of+high-titer%2C+long-lasting%2C+cross-reactive+antibodies+of+broad+isotype.&rft.au=McNicholl%2C+J+M%3BBond%2C+K+B%3BRuhadze%2C+E+R%3BOlsen%2C+M+R%3BTakayama%2C+K%3BHunter%2C+R+L&rft.aulast=McNicholl&rft.aufirst=J&rft.date=1998-11-01&rft.volume=14&rft.issue=16&rft.spage=1457&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=AIDS+research+and+human+retroviruses&rft.issn=08892229&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1999-01-28 N1 - Date created - 1999-01-28 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Other substance use among high school students who use tobacco. AN - 70058364; 9814389 AB - To examine relationships between tobacco use and use of other substances among U.S. high school students, by gender and racial/ethnic subgroups. Data about tobacco and other substance use were analyzed from the 1995 national Youth Risk Behavior Survey implemented by the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. Compared to nonsmokers, current smokers were significantly more likely to report use of all other substances we examined, including lifetime use of cocaine, inhalants, other illegal substances, and multiple substances and current alcohol use, episodic heavy drinking, marijuana use, and cocaine use. A strong dose-dependent relationship between current cigarette smoking and other substance use was identified. Among smokeless tobacco users, a strong dose-dependent relationship was found for all examined substances with the exception of lifetime and current cocaine use. Finally, a pattern of risk emerged suggesting that the likelihood of other substance use increases as students move from no tobacco use to smokeless tobacco use only, to cigarette smoking only, and to use of both smokeless tobacco and cigarettes. Programs designed to prevent tobacco or other substance use should consider that such use often occurs concomitantly. JF - The Journal of adolescent health : official publication of the Society for Adolescent Medicine AU - Everett, S A AU - Giovino, G A AU - Warren, C W AU - Crossett, L AU - Kann, L AD - Division of Adolescent and School Health, National Center for Chronic Disease Prevention and Health Promotion, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia 30341, USA. Y1 - 1998/11// PY - 1998 DA - November 1998 SP - 289 EP - 296 VL - 23 IS - 5 SN - 1054-139X, 1054-139X KW - Index Medicus KW - Sex Factors KW - Risk-Taking KW - Ethnic Groups KW - Risk Factors KW - Humans KW - Health Surveys KW - Continental Population Groups KW - Adult KW - Adolescent KW - Male KW - Female KW - Adolescent Behavior KW - Substance-Related Disorders -- etiology KW - Smoking -- psychology KW - Substance-Related Disorders -- psychology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/70058364?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Journal+of+adolescent+health+%3A+official+publication+of+the+Society+for+Adolescent+Medicine&rft.atitle=Other+substance+use+among+high+school+students+who+use+tobacco.&rft.au=Everett%2C+S+A%3BGiovino%2C+G+A%3BWarren%2C+C+W%3BCrossett%2C+L%3BKann%2C+L&rft.aulast=Everett&rft.aufirst=S&rft.date=1998-11-01&rft.volume=23&rft.issue=5&rft.spage=289&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=The+Journal+of+adolescent+health+%3A+official+publication+of+the+Society+for+Adolescent+Medicine&rft.issn=1054139X&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1999-01-27 N1 - Date created - 1999-01-27 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Exposure to and compliance with pediatric injury prevention counseling--United States, 1994. AN - 70023965; 9794985 AB - Because injuries are the leading cause of death in children, injury prevention counseling is recommended as part of routine pediatric care. Increasing such counseling is a national health objective. Estimating the proportion of US children who receive such counseling and assessing their compliance with safety recommendations may help improve counseling efforts. Respondents to a 1994 random digit-dial telephone survey of the US population were asked about receipt of age-appropriate injury prevention counseling at a medical visit and related safety practices for a randomly selected child 0 to 14 years of age in the household (N = 1596). Receiving any injury prevention counseling was reported for 39.3% of children 0 to 14 years old who had a medical visit in the past year and was more common among children who were younger, lived in urban areas, and lived in poverty. In general, receiving counseling was associated with safer behaviors. Counseling about ipecac was reported for 17.2% of children 0 to 6 years old; having ipecac in the home was more likely for those counseled (73.4% vs 32.0%). Counseling about posting the poison control number was reported for 24.9% of children 0 to 6 years old; posting this number was more common among those counseled (79.3% vs 52.6%). Counseling about bicycle helmets was reported for 18.6% of children 5 to 14 years old; a report of always wearing a helmet was more common among those counseled (43.9% vs 19.1%). Counseling about car seats and safety belts was reported for 25.4% of children 0 to 14 years old; a report of always using occupant restraints was more common among those counseled (89.0% vs 78.2%). Injury prevention counseling is associated with reported preventive safety practices among US children, but a relatively small proportion of households with young children report receiving such counseling. Health care providers should increase efforts to provide injury prevention counseling. counseling, wounds and injuries, child, accident prevention. JF - Pediatrics AU - Quinlan, K P AU - Sacks, J J AU - Kresnow, M AD - Epidemic Intelligence Service, Epidemiology Program Office. National Center for Injury Prevention and Control, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA 30341-3714, USA. Y1 - 1998/11// PY - 1998 DA - November 1998 SP - 1 VL - 102 IS - 5 KW - Index Medicus KW - United States KW - Infant KW - Random Allocation KW - Patient Compliance KW - Humans KW - Infant, Newborn KW - Data Collection KW - Child KW - Counseling KW - Adolescent KW - Accident Prevention KW - Child, Preschool KW - Health Education -- statistics & numerical data KW - Wounds and Injuries -- prevention & control UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/70023965?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Pediatrics&rft.atitle=Exposure+to+and+compliance+with+pediatric+injury+prevention+counseling--United+States%2C+1994.&rft.au=Quinlan%2C+K+P%3BSacks%2C+J+J%3BKresnow%2C+M&rft.aulast=Quinlan&rft.aufirst=K&rft.date=1998-11-01&rft.volume=102&rft.issue=5&rft.spage=E55&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Pediatrics&rft.issn=1098-4275&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1998-11-06 N1 - Date created - 1998-11-06 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Cost-effectiveness of hospital discharge records for reaching selected endpoints in the surveillance of silicosis. AN - 69996787; 9787853 AB - The Sentinel Event Notification System for Occupational Risks (SENSOR) is a state/federal system for the surveillance and intervention of occupational conditions. The Ohio SENSOR program identifies silicosis cases from a number of data sources, although hospital discharge records have largely been considered the most successful means of carrying out SENSOR objectives. However, the cost-effectiveness of hospital discharge records has not been evaluated. Thus, a cost analysis was conducted to compare the effectiveness of hospital discharge records with other data sources for achieving prevention-related endpoints of silicosis surveillance. Total costs of reaching three endpoints (obtaining case names, identifying work sites, and identifying silica problems in work sites) were estimated retrospectively and measured in 1996 dollars for four data sources: hospital discharge records, physician reports, workers' compensation claims, and death certificates. Total costs were then divided by output for each source/endpoint combination to produce estimates of average costs. The average cost per case was $30 for hospital records, $212 for physician reports, $19 for workers' compensation claims, and $7 for death certificates. However, for identifying problem work sites, hospital records were most expensive at $2,883 per work site, compared with $2,558 for physician reports, $1,318 for workers' compensation claims, and $1,310 for death certificates. Hospital discharge records were least cost-effective for accomplishing prevention-related goals of surveillance. A change in the mix of resources applied to silicosis surveillance and intervention under SENSOR, i.e., a shift away from follow-up of hospital records toward more cost-effective methods for identifying work sites with silica problems may result in more efficient use of public health resources devoted to the prevention of silicosis. JF - American journal of industrial medicine AU - Geidenberger, C A AU - Nestel, G AU - Socie, E M AD - Ohio State University, School of Public Health, Columbus, USA. cgg3@cdc.gov Y1 - 1998/11// PY - 1998 DA - November 1998 SP - 484 EP - 492 VL - 34 IS - 5 SN - 0271-3586, 0271-3586 KW - Index Medicus KW - Humans KW - Cost-Benefit Analysis KW - Patient Discharge KW - Ohio KW - Silicosis -- prevention & control KW - Sentinel Surveillance KW - Medical Records -- economics KW - Silicosis -- epidemiology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/69996787?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=American+journal+of+industrial+medicine&rft.atitle=Cost-effectiveness+of+hospital+discharge+records+for+reaching+selected+endpoints+in+the+surveillance+of+silicosis.&rft.au=Geidenberger%2C+C+A%3BNestel%2C+G%3BSocie%2C+E+M&rft.aulast=Geidenberger&rft.aufirst=C&rft.date=1998-11-01&rft.volume=34&rft.issue=5&rft.spage=484&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=American+journal+of+industrial+medicine&rft.issn=02713586&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1998-12-17 N1 - Date created - 1998-12-17 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - SuppNotes - Comment In: Am J Ind Med. 1999 Apr;35(4):434-5 [10086206] Erratum In: Am J Ind Med 1999 Jan;35(1):99 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - A review of the health impact of smoking control at the workplace. AN - 69168149; 10346662 AB - To summarize and provide a critical review of worksite health promotion program evaluations published between 1968 and 1994 that addressed the health impact of worksite smoking cessation programs and smoking policies. A comprehensive literature search conducted under the auspices of the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention identified 53 smoking cessation program evaluation reports, of which 41 covered worksite single-topic cessation programs. Nine additional reports were located through manual search of citations from published reports and reviews. These 50 reports covered 52 original data-based studies of cessation programs. The search produced 19 reports for tobacco policy evaluations, of which 12 addressed health impact. An additional 17 reports were located by the authors. These 29 reports covered 29 studies of policy impact. Smoking cessation group programs were found to be more effective than minimal treatment programs, although less intensive treatment, when combined with high participation rates, can influence the total population. Tobacco policies were found to reduce cigarette consumption at work and worksite environmental tobacco smoke (ETS) exposure. The literature is rated suggestive for group and incentive interventions; indicative for minimal interventions, competitions, and medical interventions; and acceptable for the testing of incremental effects. Because of the lack of experimental control, the smoking policy literature is rated as weak, although there is strong consistency in results for reduced cigarette consumption and decreased exposure to ETS at work. JF - American journal of health promotion : AJHP AU - Eriksen, M P AU - Gottlieb, N H AD - National Center for Chronic Disease Prevention and Health Promotion, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia, USA. PY - 1998 SP - 83 EP - 104 VL - 13 IS - 2 SN - 0890-1171, 0890-1171 KW - Tobacco Smoke Pollution KW - 0 KW - Health technology assessment KW - Evaluation Studies as Topic KW - Humans KW - Tobacco Smoke Pollution -- prevention & control KW - Smoking Cessation KW - Tobacco Smoke Pollution -- adverse effects KW - Smoking -- adverse effects KW - Workplace KW - Smoking -- prevention & control KW - Health Promotion UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/69168149?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=American+journal+of+health+promotion+%3A+AJHP&rft.atitle=A+review+of+the+health+impact+of+smoking+control+at+the+workplace.&rft.au=Eriksen%2C+M+P%3BGottlieb%2C+N+H&rft.aulast=Eriksen&rft.aufirst=M&rft.date=1998-11-01&rft.volume=13&rft.issue=2&rft.spage=83&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=American+journal+of+health+promotion+%3A+AJHP&rft.issn=08901171&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1999-04-19 N1 - Date created - 1999-04-19 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Youth Risk Behavior Surveillance -- United States, 1997 AN - 17221583; 4500444 AB - Priority health-risk behaviors, which contribute to the leading causes of mortality and morbidity among youth and adults, often are established during youth, extend into adulthood, and are interrelated. The Youth Risk Behavior Surveillance System (YRBSS) monitors six categories of priority health-risk behaviors among youth and young adults -- behaviors that contribute to unintentional and intentional injuries; tobacco use; alcohol and other drug use; sexual behaviors that contribute to unintended pregnancy and sexually transmitted diseases (STDs) (including human immunodeficiency virus [HIV] infection); unhealthy dietary behaviors; and physical inactivity. The YRBSS includes a national school-based survey conducted by the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention as well as state, territorial, and local school-based surveys conducted by education and health agencies. This report summarizes results from the national survey, 33 state surveys, 3 territorial surveys, and 17 local surveys conducted among high school students from February through May 1997. JF - Journal of School Health AU - Kann, L AU - Kinchen, SA AU - Williams, B I AU - Ross, J G AU - Lowry, R AU - Hill, C V AU - Grunbaum, JA AU - Blumson, P S AU - Collins, J L AU - Kolbe, L J AD - National Center for Chronic Disease Prevention and Health Promotion, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, 4770 Buford Highway, MS-K33, Atlanta, GA 30341, USA Y1 - 1998/11// PY - 1998 DA - Nov 1998 SP - 355 EP - 369 VL - 68 IS - 9 SN - 0022-4391, 0022-4391 KW - adults KW - drug abuse KW - sexual behavior KW - Health & Safety Science Abstracts KW - Risk assessment KW - Alcohol KW - Mortality KW - Injuries KW - Education KW - Tobacco KW - Adolescents KW - H 12000:Epidemiology and Public Health UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/17221583?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Ahealthsafetyabstracts&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+School+Health&rft.atitle=Youth+Risk+Behavior+Surveillance+--+United+States%2C+1997&rft.au=Kann%2C+L%3BKinchen%2C+SA%3BWilliams%2C+B+I%3BRoss%2C+J+G%3BLowry%2C+R%3BHill%2C+C+V%3BGrunbaum%2C+JA%3BBlumson%2C+P+S%3BCollins%2C+J+L%3BKolbe%2C+L+J&rft.aulast=Kann&rft.aufirst=L&rft.date=1998-11-01&rft.volume=68&rft.issue=9&rft.spage=355&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+School+Health&rft.issn=00224391&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Injuries; Adolescents; Mortality; Alcohol; Tobacco; Risk assessment; Education ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Characterization of erythromycin-resistant isolates of Staphylococcus aureus recovered in the United States from 1958 through 1969 AN - 17141963; 4436630 AB - We tested 16 erythromycin-resistant clinical isolates of S. aureus, recovered from patients hospitalized in the United States from 1958 to 1969, for the presence of ermA, ermB, and ermC by using PCR. Fifteen of 16 isolates contained at least one copy of ermA; the remaining isolate, which was also clindamycin resistant, contained ermB. Eight of the 15 isolates harboring ermA, all of which were inducible, contained a single copy of the gene in the chromosome, while the remaining seven isolates had two copies of the gene. ermB was plasmid encoded and mediated constitutive resistance to erythromycin. JF - Antimicrobial Agents & Chemotherapy AU - Nicola, F G AU - McDougal, L K AU - Biddle, J W AU - Tenover, F C AD - Nosocomial Pathogens Laboratory Branch (G-08), Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, 1600 Clifton Rd., NE, Atlanta, GA 30333, USA, fnt1@cdc.gov Y1 - 1998/11// PY - 1998 DA - Nov 1998 SP - 3024 EP - 3027 VL - 42 IS - 11 SN - 0066-4804, 0066-4804 KW - USA KW - ermA gene KW - ermB gene KW - ermC gene KW - Microbiology Abstracts A: Industrial & Applied Microbiology; Microbiology Abstracts B: Bacteriology KW - Clindamycin KW - Plasmids KW - Erythromycin KW - Copy number control KW - Polymerase chain reaction KW - Staphylococcus aureus KW - Antibiotic resistance KW - A 01064:Microbial resistance KW - J 02795:Antibiotic resistance UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/17141963?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologyb&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Antimicrobial+Agents+%26+Chemotherapy&rft.atitle=Characterization+of+erythromycin-resistant+isolates+of+Staphylococcus+aureus+recovered+in+the+United+States+from+1958+through+1969&rft.au=Nicola%2C+F+G%3BMcDougal%2C+L+K%3BBiddle%2C+J+W%3BTenover%2C+F+C&rft.aulast=Nicola&rft.aufirst=F&rft.date=1998-11-01&rft.volume=42&rft.issue=11&rft.spage=3024&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Antimicrobial+Agents+%26+Chemotherapy&rft.issn=00664804&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Staphylococcus aureus; Erythromycin; Plasmids; Antibiotic resistance; Polymerase chain reaction; Copy number control; Clindamycin ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Proposed Standardization of Neisseria meningitidis PorA Variable-Region Typing Nomenclature AN - 17140967; 4442422 AB - Neisseria meningitidis isolates are conventionally classified by serosubtyping, which characterizes the reactivities of the PorA outer membrane protein variable-region (VR) epitopes with monoclonal antibodies (MAbs). A newer method (PorA VR typing) uses predicted amino acid sequences derived from DNA sequence analysis. The resulting classification schemes are not standardized, offering conflicting and sometimes irreconcilable data from the two methods. In this paper, we propose a standardization of the PorA VR typing nomenclature that incorporates serologic information from traditional PorA serosubtyping with molecular data from predicted VR sequences. We performed a comprehensive literature and database search, generating a collection of strains and DNA sequences that reflects the diversity within PorA that exists to date. We have arranged this information in a comprehensive logical model that includes both serosubtype and PorA VR type assignments. Our data demonstrate that the current panel of serosubtype-defining MAbs underestimates PorA VR variability by at least 50%. Our proposal for VR typing is informative because amino acid sequence and serologic information, when serosubtype-defining MAbs are available, can be deduced simultaneously from the PorA VR designation. This scheme will be useful in future classification and applied epidemiologic studies of N. meningitidis, being a systematic way of selecting PorA vaccine candidates and analyzing vaccine coverage and failure. JF - Clinical and Diagnostic Laboratory Immunology AU - Sacchi, C T AU - Lemos, APS AU - Brandt, ME AU - Whitney, A M AU - Melles, CEA AU - Solari, CA AU - Frasch, CE AU - Mayer, L W AD - Meningitis and Special Pathogens Branch, Mailstop D-11, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, 1600 Clifton Rd., Atlanta, GA 30333, USA, cls9@cdc.gov Y1 - 1998/11// PY - 1998 DA - Nov 1998 SP - 845 EP - 855 VL - 5 IS - 6 SN - 1071-412X, 1071-412X KW - Neisseria meningitidis KW - PorA protein KW - Microbiology Abstracts B: Bacteriology; Immunology Abstracts KW - Nomenclature KW - Outer membranes KW - Membrane proteins KW - Standardization KW - Vaccines KW - J 02832:Antigenic properties and virulence KW - F 06008:Bacteria UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/17140967?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologyb&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Clinical+and+Diagnostic+Laboratory+Immunology&rft.atitle=Proposed+Standardization+of+Neisseria+meningitidis+PorA+Variable-Region+Typing+Nomenclature&rft.au=Sacchi%2C+C+T%3BLemos%2C+APS%3BBrandt%2C+ME%3BWhitney%2C+A+M%3BMelles%2C+CEA%3BSolari%2C+CA%3BFrasch%2C+CE%3BMayer%2C+L+W&rft.aulast=Sacchi&rft.aufirst=C&rft.date=1998-11-01&rft.volume=5&rft.issue=6&rft.spage=845&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Clinical+and+Diagnostic+Laboratory+Immunology&rft.issn=1071412X&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Neisseria meningitidis; Nomenclature; Standardization; Vaccines; Outer membranes; Membrane proteins ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Effect of age and height on vibrotactile threshold among 1,663 U.S. workers AN - 17139630; 4439913 AB - Assessment of vibrotactile threshold has gained application in studies of neuropathies induced by toxic substances, compression, and vibration. The effect of age and height on vibrotactile threshold is of interest for its own sake and for the purpose of confounder control. We have studied the relation between finger and toe vibrotactile thresholds and age and height in five studies carried out by the National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health with vibrometry data (N = 1,663). A unique property of the merged data set was its wide age range from 14 to 82 years (mean 42 years). We demonstrate a J-shaped increase in finger threshold value (expressed on a log scale) with age, with no increase up to age 35 and a linear increase threafter. For finger threshold, height was not an important predictor. The data were sparser (n = 541) for toe threshold but suggested a linear increase with both age and height. While consistent with prior data, this study provides a better understanding of the relation between vibrotactile threshold and age and height than has been available before. The greater effect of age and height on toe rather than finger threshold is consistent with the hypothesis that the length of the nerve increases susceptibility to peripheral neuropathy. JF - American Journal of Industrial Medicine AU - Skov, T AU - Steenland, K AU - Deddens, J AD - National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, 4676 Columbia Parkway, Cincinnati, Ohio 45226, USA, kns1@cdc.gov Y1 - 1998/11// PY - 1998 DA - Nov 1998 SP - 438 EP - 444 VL - 34 IS - 5 SN - 0271-3586, 0271-3586 KW - USA KW - body height KW - finger KW - neuropathy KW - toe KW - vibrotactile threshold KW - Health & Safety Science Abstracts KW - Age KW - Vibration KW - Occupational health KW - H 1000:Occupational Safety and Health UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/17139630?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Ahealthsafetyabstracts&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=American+Journal+of+Industrial+Medicine&rft.atitle=Effect+of+age+and+height+on+vibrotactile+threshold+among+1%2C663+U.S.+workers&rft.au=Skov%2C+T%3BSteenland%2C+K%3BDeddens%2C+J&rft.aulast=Skov&rft.aufirst=T&rft.date=1998-11-01&rft.volume=34&rft.issue=5&rft.spage=438&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=American+Journal+of+Industrial+Medicine&rft.issn=02713586&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Vibration; Occupational health; Age ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Performance of the Gen-probe AMPLIFIED Chlamydia Trachomatis Assay in detecting Chlamydia trachomatis in endocervical and urine specimens from women and urethral and urine specimens from men attending sexually transmitted disease and family planning clinics AN - 17118725; 4423442 AB - The Gen-Probe AMPLIFIED Chlamydia Trachomatis Assay (AMP CT) uses transcription-mediated amplification and hybridization protection assay procedures to qualitatively detect Chlamydia trachomatis rRNA in urine, endocervical swab, and urethral specimens. The performance of the AMP CT was compared to that of cell culture for endocervical swab and urine specimens from women and urethral and urine specimens from men. Analysis of specimens with discrepant results was performed by a combination of reculture, direct fluorescent-antibody (DFA) staining of specimen sediment, and amplification which targeted a different chlamydial rRNA. A total of 800 urine samples were tested by the AMP CT (607 from women and 193 from men), and 7.1% were positive for C. trachomatis, with a sensitivity of 91.2% and a specificity of 99.6% upon discrepant analysis. A total of 926 swab specimens were tested by culture and AMP CT (717 endocervical swab specimens and 209 urethral swab specimens from men), and 7.7% were positive for C. trachomatis, with a sensitivity and specificity of 100% upon discrepant analysis. The AMP CT is a sensitive and specific nucleic acid hybridization assay for the detection of C. trachomatis in endocervical swab specimens from women, urethral swab specimens from men, and urine specimens from men and women. JF - Journal of Clinical Microbiology AU - Ferrero, D V AU - Meyers, H N AU - Schultz, DE AU - Willis, SA AD - San Joaquin County Regional Public Health Laboratory, 1601 E. Hazelton Ave., P.O. Box 2009, Stockton, CA 95201, USA, ferr104w@wonder.em.cdc.gov Y1 - 1998/11// PY - 1998 DA - Nov 1998 SP - 3230 EP - 3233 VL - 36 IS - 11 SN - 0095-1137, 0095-1137 KW - AMP CT KW - diagnostic agents KW - Microbiology Abstracts A: Industrial & Applied Microbiology; Microbiology Abstracts B: Bacteriology KW - Chlamydia trachomatis KW - Hybridization analysis KW - RNA KW - Urine KW - Cervix KW - Urethra KW - A 01116:Bacteria KW - J 02704:Enumeration UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/17118725?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologyb&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Clinical+Microbiology&rft.atitle=Performance+of+the+Gen-probe+AMPLIFIED+Chlamydia+Trachomatis+Assay+in+detecting+Chlamydia+trachomatis+in+endocervical+and+urine+specimens+from+women+and+urethral+and+urine+specimens+from+men+attending+sexually+transmitted+disease+and+family+planning+clinics&rft.au=Ferrero%2C+D+V%3BMeyers%2C+H+N%3BSchultz%2C+DE%3BWillis%2C+SA&rft.aulast=Ferrero&rft.aufirst=D&rft.date=1998-11-01&rft.volume=36&rft.issue=11&rft.spage=3230&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+Clinical+Microbiology&rft.issn=00951137&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Chlamydia trachomatis; Urine; Hybridization analysis; RNA; Cervix; Urethra ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Epidemiology of emerging pneumococcal drug resistance: implications for treatment and prevention AN - 16501602; 4402906 AB - Drug-resistant Streptococcus pneumoniae infection are becoming increasingly common throughout the world. These strains pose new challenges in the treatment of suspected pneumococcal infections, and they highlight the importance of limiting selection for resistant strains through judicious antibiotic use and preventing infection by immunization of persons at high risk. The clinical impact of drug-resistant S. pneumoniae infection has not been fully defined, but anecdotal reports suggest that outcome is poor for persons with drug-resistant pneumococcal meningitis. The American Academy of Pediatrics has recommended adding vancomycin to the treatment of suspected pneumococcal meningitis cases until the results of culture and susceptibility testing are available. Additional data are needed to determine the optimal empiric antibiotic regimen for nonmeningeal invasive pneumococcal infections. A 23-valent pneumococcal capsular polysaccharide vaccine can prevent many drug-resistant and susceptible invasive pneumococcal infections. The vaccine is recommended in the United States for persons at increased risk of pneumococcal infection due to certain medical conditions and for all persons greater than or equal to 65 years old. Vaccine efficacy for immunocompetent persons greater than or equal to 65 years is 75%. However, the vaccine is underutilized, and a substantial reduction in the morbidity and mortality associated with invasive pneumococcal infections is unlikely until the vaccine is used more widely among persons at risk for disease. JF - Vaccine AU - Butler, J C AU - Dowell, S F AU - Breiman, R F AD - Respiratory Diseases Branch, Division of Bacterial and Mycotic Diseases, National Center for Infectious Diseases Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA, USA, JCB3@CDC.GOV Y1 - 1998/11// PY - 1998 DA - Nov 1998 SP - 1693 EP - 1697 VL - 16 IS - 18 SN - 0264-410X, 0264-410X KW - Streptococcus pneumoniae KW - prevention KW - treatment KW - Microbiology Abstracts B: Bacteriology; Immunology Abstracts KW - F 06807:Active immunization KW - J 02814:Drug resistance UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16501602?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologyb&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Vaccine&rft.atitle=Epidemiology+of+emerging+pneumococcal+drug+resistance%3A+implications+for+treatment+and+prevention&rft.au=Butler%2C+J+C%3BDowell%2C+S+F%3BBreiman%2C+R+F&rft.aulast=Butler&rft.aufirst=J&rft.date=1998-11-01&rft.volume=16&rft.issue=18&rft.spage=1693&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Vaccine&rft.issn=0264410X&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - SuppNotes - Special issue: Vaccine '97 IASIA. N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 ER - TY - CONF T1 - Addressing the challenges to immunization practice with an economic algorithm for vaccine selection AN - 16498908; 4411680 AB - The biotechnology revolution is producing a growing bounty of new vaccines which pose difficult choices in selecting among many products. Some major public and private purchasers of vaccine may offer individual physicians and clinics their choice in assembling vaccine inventories. Others might purchase only a limited stock of products that would satisfactorily immunize a typical child. In either case, current vaccine selection decisions are based principally on purchase price alone without systematic consideration of other factors of fiscal consequence. As a potential tool for decision making, we developed an economic algorithm for vaccine selection that would minimize the overall costs of disease control through immunization by considering: (1) purchase price, (2) number of doses needed, (3) preparation time, (4) route of administration, (5) cold storage needs, (6) shelf life, (7) earliest age of full immunity, (8) adverse events frequency, and (9) efficacy of protection. To demonstrate the algorithm, variables (1) to (4) above were incorporated into a pilot binary-integer linear programming model that satisfied the recommended immunization schedule for diphtheria, tetanus, pertussis, Haemophilus influenzae b, and hepatitis B, using eleven vaccines (DTaP, DTaP-Hib, Hib, HepB and Hib-HepB) from four manufacturers. Five (or six) opportunities to vaccinate were modeled at (1), 2, 4, 6, 12-18, and 60 months of life, assuming US$40 per clinic visit, $15 per injection, and $0.50 per minute of nurse preparation time. Vaccine costs were varied using actual March and September 1997 US Federal vaccine prices, as well as estimates for unpriced new vaccines. Over 16000 distinct vaccine stocking lists by vaccine type and brand were possible. Including a 1-month visit, the lowest-cost `solution' of the algorithm was $529.41 per child in the March cost-assumption case, and $490.32 in the September one (both included four doses of DTaP-Hib, three HepB, and one DTaP). Without a 1-month visit, the lowest-cost solution in the March case cost $486.67 (four DTaP, two Hib-HepB, one DTaP-Hib, and one HepB), while the September case cost $450.32 (four DTaP-Hib, three HepB, and one DTaP). Ensuring at least one product was selected from each of the four manufacturers increased costs about $13.00, and the needed injections rose from eight to nine. The most economical selection of vaccines to use cannot be intuitively predicted, as permutations are large and solutions are sensitive to minor changes in costs and constraints. A transparent, objective selection method that weighs the economic value of distinguishing features among competing vaccines might offer the `best value' to vaccine purchasers, while also creating strong market incentives for continuing innovation and competition in the vaccine industry. JF - Vaccine AU - Weniger, B G AU - Chen, R T AU - Jacobson, SH AU - Sewell, E C AU - Deuson, R AU - Livengood, J R AU - Orenstein, WA Y1 - 1998/11// PY - 1998 DA - Nov 1998 SP - 1885 EP - 1897 VL - 16 IS - 9 KW - Algorithms KW - cost-benefit analysis KW - Biotechnology and Bioengineering Abstracts; Medical and Pharmaceutical Biotechnology Abstracts; Immunology Abstracts KW - W3 33365:Vaccines (other) KW - F 06807:Active immunization KW - W 30965:Miscellaneous, Reviews UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16498908?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Abiotechresearch&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Vaccine&rft.atitle=Addressing+the+challenges+to+immunization+practice+with+an+economic+algorithm+for+vaccine+selection&rft.au=Weniger%2C+B+G%3BChen%2C+R+T%3BJacobson%2C+SH%3BSewell%2C+E+C%3BDeuson%2C+R%3BLivengood%2C+J+R%3BOrenstein%2C+WA&rft.aulast=Weniger&rft.aufirst=B&rft.date=1998-11-01&rft.volume=16&rft.issue=9&rft.spage=1885&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Vaccine&rft.issn=0264410X&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Adult Blood Lead Epidemiology and Surveillance--United States, first quarter 1998, and Annual 1994-1997. AN - 70036937; 9810017 AB - CDC, in collaboration with state and local health departments, monitors laboratory-reported elevated blood lead levels (BLLs) among adults in the United States. During 1998, 27 states reported surveillance data to the Adult Blood Lead Epidemiology and Surveillance (ABLES) program. This report presents ABLES data for the first quarter of 1998 compared with the first quarter of 1997, annual data for 1997 compared with 1996, and prevalence and incidence of elevated BLLs from 1994 through 1997. The findings indicate that approximately 4000 adults per quarter and an estimated 12,000 adults per year continue to have elevated BLLs; there does not appear to be a trend in these data from 1994 through 1997. JF - MMWR. Morbidity and mortality weekly report AU - Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) AD - Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) Y1 - 1998/10/30/ PY - 1998 DA - 1998 Oct 30 SP - 907 EP - 911 VL - 47 IS - 42 SN - 0149-2195, 0149-2195 KW - Lead KW - 2P299V784P KW - Index Medicus KW - Humans KW - Adult KW - Incidence KW - Middle Aged KW - Adolescent KW - United States -- epidemiology KW - Prevalence KW - Lead Poisoning -- prevention & control KW - Lead Poisoning -- epidemiology KW - Lead -- blood KW - Population Surveillance UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/70036937?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=MMWR.+Morbidity+and+mortality+weekly+report&rft.atitle=Adult+Blood+Lead+Epidemiology+and+Surveillance--United+States%2C+first+quarter+1998%2C+and+Annual+1994-1997.&rft.au=Centers+for+Disease+Control+and+Prevention+%28CDC%29&rft.aulast=Centers+for+Disease+Control+and+Prevention+%28CDC%29&rft.aufirst=&rft.date=1998-10-30&rft.volume=47&rft.issue=42&rft.spage=907&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=MMWR.+Morbidity+and+mortality+weekly+report&rft.issn=01492195&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1998-11-12 N1 - Date created - 1998-11-12 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Endotoxin-like reactions associated with intravenous gentamicin--California, 1998. AN - 70036316; 9810010 AB - During April 30-July 26, 1998, 20 patients at a major medical center (hospital A) in Los Angeles County, California, developed severe shaking chills often accompanied by fever, tachycardia, and/or a decrease of > or =20 mm Hg in systolic blood pressure within 3 hours after receiving intravenous (IV) gentamicin. Receipt of IV gentamicin was the only medication or procedure temporally associated with reactions among all of the patients. No deaths or serious sequelae were associated with the reactions. Similar incidents were reported by hospital personnel from six other states to CDC or the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) during April-August 1998. All reported reactions were associated with once-daily dosing regimens of gentamicin (lot numbers 170704, 180031, 180133, and 180191) produced by Fujisawa USA, Inc. (Deerfield, Illinois). On August 13, the Los Angeles County Department of Health Services and CDC initiated an investigation with the assistance of hospital A personnel. This report summarizes the results of this investigation at hospital A, which found that gentamicin with endotoxin levels within the U.S. Pharmacopeia (USP) standards may deliver endotoxin amounts above the threshold for pyrogenic reactions with once-daily dosing. JF - MMWR. Morbidity and mortality weekly report AU - Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) AD - Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) Y1 - 1998/10/23/ PY - 1998 DA - 1998 Oct 23 SP - 877 EP - 880 VL - 47 IS - 41 SN - 0149-2195, 0149-2195 KW - Anti-Bacterial Agents KW - 0 KW - Endotoxins KW - Gentamicins KW - Pyrogens KW - Index Medicus KW - Injections, Intravenous KW - Drug Contamination KW - Humans KW - Adult KW - Aged KW - Middle Aged KW - Disease Outbreaks KW - California -- epidemiology KW - Male KW - Female KW - Fever -- chemically induced KW - Gentamicins -- adverse effects KW - Anti-Bacterial Agents -- adverse effects KW - Gentamicins -- administration & dosage KW - Anti-Bacterial Agents -- administration & dosage UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/70036316?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=MMWR.+Morbidity+and+mortality+weekly+report&rft.atitle=Endotoxin-like+reactions+associated+with+intravenous+gentamicin--California%2C+1998.&rft.au=Centers+for+Disease+Control+and+Prevention+%28CDC%29&rft.aulast=Centers+for+Disease+Control+and+Prevention+%28CDC%29&rft.aufirst=&rft.date=1998-10-23&rft.volume=47&rft.issue=41&rft.spage=877&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=MMWR.+Morbidity+and+mortality+weekly+report&rft.issn=01492195&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1998-11-12 N1 - Date created - 1998-11-12 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Near fatal ingestion of household lamp oil--Ohio, August 1997. AN - 70032508; 9810011 AB - Unintentional poisoning from liquid fuels accounts for approximately 2.5% of all unintentional poisoning exposures among children aged <6 years. The risk for unintentional poisoning increases when fuel is transferred from its original container, often with required child-resistant packaging, to other containers (e.g., fuel lamps) without special packaging requirements. This report describes the poisonings of four children who were admitted to a regional referral medical center in Columbus, Ohio, during a 2-week period in August 1997; these children developed serious pulmonary complications after ingesting household lamp oil. JF - MMWR. Morbidity and mortality weekly report AU - Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) AD - Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) Y1 - 1998/10/23/ PY - 1998 DA - 1998 Oct 23 SP - 880 EP - 882 VL - 47 IS - 41 SN - 0149-2195, 0149-2195 KW - Fuel Oils KW - 0 KW - Index Medicus KW - Infant KW - Humans KW - Male KW - Female KW - Ohio KW - Accidents, Home KW - Fuel Oils -- poisoning UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/70032508?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=MMWR.+Morbidity+and+mortality+weekly+report&rft.atitle=Near+fatal+ingestion+of+household+lamp+oil--Ohio%2C+August+1997.&rft.au=Centers+for+Disease+Control+and+Prevention+%28CDC%29&rft.aulast=Centers+for+Disease+Control+and+Prevention+%28CDC%29&rft.aufirst=&rft.date=1998-10-23&rft.volume=47&rft.issue=41&rft.spage=880&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=MMWR.+Morbidity+and+mortality+weekly+report&rft.issn=01492195&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1998-11-12 N1 - Date created - 1998-11-12 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Identification of children with fetal alcohol syndrome and opportunity for referral of their mothers for primary prevention--Washington, 1993-1997. AN - 69996832; 9790662 AB - Heavy maternal use of alcohol during pregnancy can cause permanent birth defects, including fetal alcohol syndrome (FAS). Although these alcohol-related defects are entirely preventable, the factors associated with maternal use of alcohol during pregnancy are complex and often resistant to change. In addition, not all women who drink heavily will produce children with FAS. Although targeting primary prevention efforts to all women at risk for drinking during pregnancy is ideal, limited resources require targeting women at the highest risk for producing children affected by prenatal alcohol exposure. One such population is women who have already given birth to an alcohol-affected child. This high-risk population is not easily identified because not all children with FAS have their condition diagnosed, and these birth mothers are often separated from their children during the first few years of the child's life, often before a diagnosis of FAS has been considered. However, once identified, these women are receptive to intervention. To identify a population of women at highest risk for a future alcohol-exposed pregnancy through diagnosing a previously affected birth child, researchers at the University of Washington developed the Fetal Alcohol Syndrome Diagnostic and Prevention Network (FAS DPN). This report summarizes the results of this program and documents the feasibility of identifying persons who may have FAS so their condition can be diagnosed and their birth mothers can be identified and referred to prevention services. JF - MMWR. Morbidity and mortality weekly report AU - Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) AD - Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) Y1 - 1998/10/16/ PY - 1998 DA - 1998 Oct 16 SP - 861 EP - 864 VL - 47 IS - 40 SN - 0149-2195, 0149-2195 KW - Index Medicus KW - Infant KW - Washington KW - Humans KW - Adult KW - Program Development KW - Program Evaluation KW - Middle Aged KW - Child KW - Community Health Services KW - Adolescent KW - Female KW - Pregnancy KW - Child, Preschool KW - Fetal Alcohol Spectrum Disorders -- prevention & control KW - Alcoholism -- prevention & control UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/69996832?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=MMWR.+Morbidity+and+mortality+weekly+report&rft.atitle=Identification+of+children+with+fetal+alcohol+syndrome+and+opportunity+for+referral+of+their+mothers+for+primary+prevention--Washington%2C+1993-1997.&rft.au=Centers+for+Disease+Control+and+Prevention+%28CDC%29&rft.aulast=Centers+for+Disease+Control+and+Prevention+%28CDC%29&rft.aufirst=&rft.date=1998-10-16&rft.volume=47&rft.issue=40&rft.spage=861&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=MMWR.+Morbidity+and+mortality+weekly+report&rft.issn=01492195&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1998-10-27 N1 - Date created - 1998-10-27 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Reactive oxygen species: their relation to pneumoconiosis and carcinogenesis. AN - 79619280; 9788890 AB - Occupational exposures to mineral particles cause pneumoconiosis and other diseases, including cancer. Recent studies have suggested that reactive oxygen species (ROS) may play a key role in the mechanisms of disease initiation and progression following exposure to these particles. ROS-induced primary stimuli result in the increased secretion of proinflammatory cytokines and other mediators, promoting events that appear to be important in the progression of cell injury and pulmonary disease. We have provided evidence supporting the hypothesis that inhalation of insoluble particles such as asbestos, agricultural dusts, coal, crystalline silica, and inorganic dust can be involved in facilitating multiple pathways for persistent generation of ROS, which may lead to a continuum of inflammation leading to progression of disease. This article briefly summarizes some of the recent findings from our laboratories with emphasis on the molecular events by which ROS are involved in promoting pneumoconiosis and carcinogenesis. JF - Environmental health perspectives AU - Vallyathan, V AU - Shi, X AU - Castranova, V AD - Health Effects Laboratory Division, National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, Morgantown, West Virginia 26505, USA. vav1@cdc.gov Y1 - 1998/10// PY - 1998 DA - October 1998 SP - 1151 EP - 1155 VL - 106 Suppl 5 SN - 0091-6765, 0091-6765 KW - NF-kappa B KW - 0 KW - Reactive Oxygen Species KW - Transcription Factor AP-1 KW - Index Medicus KW - Animals KW - Genes, p53 KW - Transcription Factor AP-1 -- metabolism KW - DNA Damage KW - Humans KW - Lung Injury KW - Lung -- metabolism KW - Lipid Peroxidation KW - NF-kappa B -- metabolism KW - Reactive Oxygen Species -- metabolism KW - Lung Neoplasms -- etiology KW - Pneumoconiosis -- etiology KW - Lung Neoplasms -- genetics KW - Pneumoconiosis -- metabolism KW - Lung Neoplasms -- metabolism UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/79619280?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Environmental+health+perspectives&rft.atitle=Reactive+oxygen+species%3A+their+relation+to+pneumoconiosis+and+carcinogenesis.&rft.au=Vallyathan%2C+V%3BShi%2C+X%3BCastranova%2C+V&rft.aulast=Vallyathan&rft.aufirst=V&rft.date=1998-10-01&rft.volume=106+Suppl+5&rft.issue=&rft.spage=1151&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Environmental+health+perspectives&rft.issn=00916765&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 2000-07-25 N1 - Date created - 2000-07-25 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - SuppNotes - Cited By: Ann Clin Lab Sci. 1998 Jan-Feb;28(1):1-13 [9512778] Cell. 1997 Feb 7;88(3):323-31 [9039259] J Toxicol Environ Health B Crit Rev. 1998 Jul-Sep;1(3):181-97 [9644327] N Engl J Med. 1978 Mar 23;298(12):659-68 [24176] Annu Rev Biochem. 1980;49:695-726 [6250449] Science. 1981 May 1;212(4494):546-7 [6259738] Fed Proc. 1982 Apr;41(6):2206-11 [6281078] Chest. 1986 Jun;89(6):859-63 [3519109] Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1986 Dec;83(24):9616-20 [2432598] J Toxicol Environ Health. 1988;25(2):237-45 [2845112] Am Rev Respir Dis. 1988 Nov;138(5):1213-9 [2849348] J Toxicol Environ Health. 1989;27(4):435-54 [2547978] Methods Enzymol. 1990;186:1-85 [2172697] Free Radic Biol Med. 1991;10(3-4):225-42 [1650738] Am J Respir Cell Mol Biol. 1992 Apr;6(4):404-13 [1312851] Crit Rev Toxicol. 1993;23(1):21-48 [8471159] N Engl J Med. 1993 Oct 28;329(18):1318-27 [8413413] Science. 1993 Dec 24;262(5142):1980-1 [8266092] Chem Biol Interact. 1994 Jun;91(2-3):91-100 [8194138] Annu Rev Immunol. 1994;12:141-79 [8011280] Annu Rev Cell Biol. 1994;10:405-55 [7888182] Am J Respir Crit Care Med. 1995 Sep;152(3):1003-9 [7663775] Biochem J. 1996 Jan 1;313 ( Pt 1):17-29 [8546679] Biochim Biophys Acta. 1997 Mar 1;1355(3):353-60 [9061006] FEBS Lett. 1997 Mar 3;404(1):6-10 [9074626] Environ Health Perspect. 1997 Feb;105 Suppl 1:165-77 [9114285] Chem Res Toxicol. 1997 Oct;10(10):1104-8 [9348432] Erratum In: Environ Health Perspect 1998 Dec;106 Suppl 6:1595 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - The budding yeast Rad9 checkpoint protein is subjected to Mec1/Tel1-dependent hyperphosphorylation and interacts with Rad53 after DNA damage. AN - 73993594; 9755168 AB - The Saccharomyces cerevisiae RAD9 checkpoint gene is required for transient cell-cycle arrests and transcriptional induction of DNA repair genes in response to DNA damage. Polyclonal antibodies raised against the Rad9 protein recognized several polypeptides in asynchronous cultures, and in cells arrested in S or G2/M phases while a single form was observed in G1-arrested cells. Treatment with various DNA damaging agents, i.e. UV, ionizing radiation or methyl methane sulfonate, resulted in the appearance of hypermodified forms of the protein. All modifications detected during a normal cell cycle and after DNA damage were sensitive to phosphatase treatment, indicating that they resulted from phosphorylation. Damage-induced hyperphosphorylation of Rad9 correlated with checkpoint functions (cell-cycle arrest and transcriptional induction) and was cell-cycle stage- and progression-independent. In asynchronous cultures, Rad9 hyperphosphorylation was dependent on MEC1 and TEL1, homologues of the ATR and ATM genes. In G1-arrested cells, damage-dependent hyperphosphorylation required functional MEC1 in addition to RAD17, RAD24, MEC3 and DDC1, demonstrating cell-cycle stage specificity of the checkpoint genes in this response to DNA damage. Analysis of checkpoint protein interactions after DNA damage revealed that Rad9 physically associates with Rad53. JF - The EMBO journal AU - Vialard, J E AU - Gilbert, C S AU - Green, C M AU - Lowndes, N F AD - Imperial Cancer Research Fund, Clare Hall Laboratories, CDC Laboratory, South Mimms, Hertfordshire EN6 3LD, UK. Y1 - 1998/10/01/ PY - 1998 DA - 1998 Oct 01 SP - 5679 EP - 5688 VL - 17 IS - 19 SN - 0261-4189, 0261-4189 KW - Cell Cycle Proteins KW - 0 KW - Fungal Proteins KW - Intracellular Signaling Peptides and Proteins KW - Mutagens KW - Saccharomyces cerevisiae Proteins KW - rad9 protein KW - 139691-42-2 KW - Methyl Methanesulfonate KW - AT5C31J09G KW - Protein Kinases KW - EC 2.7.- KW - Checkpoint Kinase 2 KW - EC 2.7.1.11 KW - MEC1 protein, S cerevisiae KW - EC 2.7.11.1 KW - Protein-Serine-Threonine Kinases KW - RAD53 protein, S cerevisiae KW - EC 2.7.12.1 KW - Nocodazole KW - SH1WY3R615 KW - Hydroxyurea KW - X6Q56QN5QC KW - Index Medicus KW - Ultraviolet Rays KW - Gamma Rays KW - S Phase -- genetics KW - Hydroxyurea -- pharmacology KW - Mutagens -- pharmacology KW - Nocodazole -- pharmacology KW - Protein Binding KW - Methyl Methanesulfonate -- pharmacology KW - G2 Phase -- genetics KW - Phosphorylation KW - Mitosis -- genetics KW - Mutation KW - Protein Kinases -- metabolism KW - Fungal Proteins -- metabolism KW - Saccharomyces cerevisiae -- metabolism KW - DNA Damage KW - Saccharomyces cerevisiae -- drug effects KW - Saccharomyces cerevisiae -- cytology KW - Cell Cycle Proteins -- metabolism UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/73993594?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+EMBO+journal&rft.atitle=The+budding+yeast+Rad9+checkpoint+protein+is+subjected+to+Mec1%2FTel1-dependent+hyperphosphorylation+and+interacts+with+Rad53+after+DNA+damage.&rft.au=Vialard%2C+J+E%3BGilbert%2C+C+S%3BGreen%2C+C+M%3BLowndes%2C+N+F&rft.aulast=Vialard&rft.aufirst=J&rft.date=1998-10-01&rft.volume=17&rft.issue=19&rft.spage=5679&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=The+EMBO+journal&rft.issn=02614189&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1998-11-23 N1 - Date created - 1998-11-23 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - SuppNotes - Cited By: Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1997 Dec 23;94(26):14361-6 [9405617] Cell. 1995 Sep 8;82(5):831-40 [7545545] EMBO J. 1998 May 1;17(9):2687-98 [9564050] Science. 1998 Jul 10;281(5374):272-4 [9657725] EMBO J. 1998 Jul 15;17(14):4199-209 [9670034] Science. 1988 Jul 15;241(4863):317-22 [3291120] Mol Cell Biol. 1990 Dec;10(12):6554-64 [2247073] Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1993 Sep 1;90(17):7985-9 [8367452] Cell. 1993 Dec 17;75(6):1119-27 [8261511] J Biol Chem. 1994 Jan 7;269(1):747-54 [8276878] Genes Dev. 1994 Mar 15;8(6):652-65 [7926756] Science. 1994 Oct 7;266(5182):120-2 [7939630] Science. 1994 Oct 7;266(5182):66-71 [7545954] Genes Dev. 1994 Oct 15;8(20):2401-15 [7958905] Science. 1994 Dec 16;266(5192):1821-8 [7997877] Cell. 1995 Sep 8;82(5):823-9 [7671310] Cell. 1995 Sep 8;82(5):841-7 [7671311] Cell. 1995 Oct 6;83(1):1-4 [7553860] Science. 1995 Dec 1;270(5241):1488-91 [7491494] EMBO J. 1995 Dec 1;14(23):5812-23 [8846774] Science. 1996 Jan 19;271(5247):357-60 [8553072] Genes Dev. 1996 Feb 15;10(4):395-406 [8600024] J Cell Biol. 1996 Apr;133(1):99-110 [8601617] Nat Genet. 1996 Jul;13(3):266-8 [8673121] Mol Biol Cell. 1996 May;7(5):703-18 [8744945] EMBO J. 1996 Aug 1;15(15):3912-22 [8670896] Genes Dev. 1996 Oct 1;10(19):2423-37 [8843195] Genes Dev. 1996 Oct 15;10(20):2632-43 [8895664] Science. 1996 Dec 6;274(5293):1664-72 [8939848] Curr Opin Cell Biol. 1996 Dec;8(6):773-80 [8939672] EMBO J. 1996 Dec 2;15(23):6641-51 [8978690] Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1996 Dec 24;93(26):15075-80 [8986766] Cancer Res. 1997 Jan 1;57(1):24-7 [8988033] FEBS Lett. 1997 Jan 2;400(1):25-30 [9000507] J Cell Biol. 1997 Jan 27;136(2):345-54 [9015305] Genetics. 1997 Jan;145(1):45-62 [9017389] FASEB J. 1997 Jan;11(1):68-76 [9034168] Cell. 1997 Feb 7;88(3):315-21 [9039258] Adv Cancer Res. 1997;71:1-25 [9111862] Biochemistry. 1997 Apr 29;36(17):5207-11 [9136882] Nucleic Acids Res. 1997 Jun 1;25(11):2138-46 [9153313] Mol Cell Biol. 1997 Jun;17(6):3037-46 [9154802] Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1997 Jul 8;94(14):7138-43 [9207057] Cell. 1997 Aug 8;90(3):425-35 [9267023] Curr Biol. 1997 Aug 1;7(8):588-98 [9259561] EMBO J. 1997 Sep 1;16(17):5216-26 [9311982] Genes Dev. 1997 Dec 15;11(24):3387-400 [9407031] Nature. 1998 Mar 19;392(6673):300-3 [9521327] N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Medical costs and lost productivity from health conditions at volatile organic compound-contaminated superfund sites. AN - 73945038; 9756676 AB - This paper estimates the health costs at Superfund sites for conditions associated with volatile organic compounds (VOCs) in drinking water. Health conditions were identified from published literature and registry information as occurring at excess rates in VOC-exposed populations. These health conditions were: (1) some categories of birth defects, (2) urinary tract disorders, (3) diabetes, (4) eczema and skin conditions, (5) anemia, (6) speech and hearing impairments in children under 10 years of age, and (7) stroke. Excess rates were used to estimate the excess number of cases occurring among the total population living within one-half mile of 258 Superfund sites. These sites had evidence of completed human exposure pathways for VOCs in drinking water. For each type of medical condition, an individual's expected medical costs, long-term care costs, and lost work time due to illness or premature mortality were estimated. Costs were calculated to be approximately $330 million per year, in the absence of any remediation or public health intervention programs. The results indicate the general magnitude of the economic burden associated with a limited number of contaminants at a portion of all Superfund sites, thus suggesting that the burden would be greater than that estimated in this study if all contaminants at all Superfund sites could be taken into account. JF - Environmental research AU - Lybarger, J A AU - Lee, R AU - Vogt, D P AU - Perhac, R M AU - Spengler, R F AU - Brown, D R AD - Agency for Toxic Substances and Disease Registry, Division of Health Studies, Atlanta, Georgia 30333, USA. JAL2@CDC.GOV Y1 - 1998/10// PY - 1998 DA - October 1998 SP - 9 EP - 19 VL - 79 IS - 1 SN - 0013-9351, 0013-9351 KW - Hazardous Substances KW - 0 KW - Organic Chemicals KW - Water Pollutants, Chemical KW - Index Medicus KW - Drinking KW - Diabetes Mellitus -- economics KW - Urologic Diseases -- economics KW - Anemia -- epidemiology KW - Humans KW - Environmental Exposure -- economics KW - Anemia -- economics KW - Quality of Life KW - Diabetes Mellitus -- epidemiology KW - Child KW - Congenital Abnormalities -- economics KW - Cerebrovascular Disorders -- economics KW - Skin Diseases -- epidemiology KW - Cerebrovascular Disorders -- epidemiology KW - Pregnancy KW - Child, Preschool KW - Skin Diseases -- economics KW - Urologic Diseases -- epidemiology KW - Congenital Abnormalities -- epidemiology KW - United States -- epidemiology KW - Female KW - Water Pollutants, Chemical -- analysis KW - Organic Chemicals -- analysis KW - Water Pollutants, Chemical -- economics KW - Hazardous Substances -- analysis KW - Health Care Costs UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/73945038?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Environmental+research&rft.atitle=Medical+costs+and+lost+productivity+from+health+conditions+at+volatile+organic+compound-contaminated+superfund+sites.&rft.au=Lybarger%2C+J+A%3BLee%2C+R%3BVogt%2C+D+P%3BPerhac%2C+R+M%3BSpengler%2C+R+F%3BBrown%2C+D+R&rft.aulast=Lybarger&rft.aufirst=J&rft.date=1998-10-01&rft.volume=79&rft.issue=1&rft.spage=9&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Environmental+research&rft.issn=00139351&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1998-10-27 N1 - Date created - 1998-10-27 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Outbreak of sterile peritonitis among continuous cycling peritoneal dialysis patients. AN - 69955106; 9767557 AB - Approximately 30,000 patients receive peritoneal dialysis in the United States. In August 1996, several dialysis centers from different states reported sterile peritonitis among CCPD patients using sterile peritoneal dialysis solution (PDS) from a single manufacturer. The manufacturer recalled 53 lots of PDS that had passed established industry guidelines and Food and Drug Administration (FDA) approved quality control tests [including endotoxin levels 1 cfu/ml. At one outpatient dialysis center, Hospital of the University of Pennsylvania (HUP), we conducted a retrospective cohort study of all CCPD patients treated during July 15 to August 30, 1996. A case-patient was defined as any HUP patient with culture-negative peritoneal fluid with a white blood cell count >100/mm3, cloudy peritoneal fluid, and/or abdominal pain. PDS and tubing were cultured for bacteria and assayed for endotoxin. Overall, 14 of 28 patients had sterile peritonitis. The only risk factor identified was exposure to > or =1 lot of recalled PDS (14 of 22 vs. 0/6, P = 0.02); the more recalled lots received, the higher the attack rate (P = 0.0001). Five of 47 PDS bags had detectable endotoxin; recalled lots were more likely to have measurable endotoxin than nonrecalled lots (5/19 vs. 0/17, P = 0.05). When case-patients resumed CCPD using PDS from non-recalled lots, no further cases were reported. Our results suggest that this outbreak was caused by intrinsic PDS contamination with endotoxin. Pre-sterilization colony counts may be an important quality control indicator for CCPD fluids in conjunction with endotoxin levels. JF - Kidney international AU - Mangram, A J AU - Archibald, L K AU - Hupert, M AU - Tokars, J I AU - Silver, L C AU - Brennan, P AU - Arduino, M AU - Peterson, S AU - Parks, S AU - Raymond, A AU - McCullough, M AU - Jones, M AU - Wasserstein, A AU - Kobrin, S AU - Jarvis, W R AD - Hospital Infections Program, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia 30333, USA. ajm7@cdc.gov Y1 - 1998/10// PY - 1998 DA - October 1998 SP - 1367 EP - 1371 VL - 54 IS - 4 SN - 0085-2538, 0085-2538 KW - Dialysis Solutions KW - 0 KW - Endotoxins KW - Index Medicus KW - Drug Contamination KW - Humans KW - Sterilization KW - Ambulatory Care KW - Drug and Narcotic Control KW - Hospitals, University KW - Adult KW - Colony Count, Microbial KW - Middle Aged KW - Endotoxins -- analysis KW - Pennsylvania -- epidemiology KW - United States -- epidemiology KW - Quality Control KW - Female KW - Male KW - Peritonitis -- epidemiology KW - Peritonitis -- microbiology KW - Dialysis Solutions -- standards KW - Peritonitis -- etiology KW - Dialysis Solutions -- adverse effects KW - Peritoneal Dialysis, Continuous Ambulatory -- adverse effects KW - Disease Outbreaks KW - Dialysis Solutions -- chemistry UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/69955106?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Kidney+international&rft.atitle=Outbreak+of+sterile+peritonitis+among+continuous+cycling+peritoneal+dialysis+patients.&rft.au=Mangram%2C+A+J%3BArchibald%2C+L+K%3BHupert%2C+M%3BTokars%2C+J+I%3BSilver%2C+L+C%3BBrennan%2C+P%3BArduino%2C+M%3BPeterson%2C+S%3BParks%2C+S%3BRaymond%2C+A%3BMcCullough%2C+M%3BJones%2C+M%3BWasserstein%2C+A%3BKobrin%2C+S%3BJarvis%2C+W+R&rft.aulast=Mangram&rft.aufirst=A&rft.date=1998-10-01&rft.volume=54&rft.issue=4&rft.spage=1367&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Kidney+international&rft.issn=00852538&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1998-12-31 N1 - Date created - 1998-12-31 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - A review of the economics of the prevention and control of rabies. Part 1: Global impact and rabies in humans. AN - 69165825; 10344905 AB - The existing literature on the economics of rabies and its control can be characterised as a poorly documented set of cost estimates with insufficient information to allow replication of the analyses. Most articles have numerous 'violations' of the standard recommended procedures for assessing the burden of disease and the cost and benefits of interventions. Per capita costs are often crudely extrapolated from small to large populations without allowing for geographic differences in incidence. Furthermore, most studies do not distinguish between financial charges and true economic costs, and only a few articles contain a multiyear framework, complete with discounting of future costs and benefits. With the exception of the increase in average incidence of postexposure prophylaxes (PEPs) in Asia, the average incidences of both human-rabies cases and PEPs in Africa, the Americas and Europe have not changed significantly over time. There are, however, large differences between countries within a region and regional averages can conceal notable changes in incidences over time for a given country. The largest number of human-rabies cases occur in developing countries due to the low levels of vaccination among dogs, the high cost of biologicals for PEP and problems of availability. The costs (1995 values) of PEP range from $US1707 per person in Massachusetts, US, to $US2.50 for a complete series of vaccinations (without immunoglobulin) using sheep-derived vaccines in Karachi, Pakistan. Most studies which reported the cost of PEP, however, provided only direct medical costs and did not consider indirect costs such as lost productivity due to death, permanent disability or time spent while receiving medical care. Given the expense of controlling rabies in dogs and wildlife, there is an urgent need to develop a cheaper human-rabies vaccine or further refine the 'low-dose' PEP regimes. PEP is often given unnecessarily, and experience with expert consultations systems and algorithms has shown that the rate, and therefore total cost, of PEP can be significantly reduced. However, because it may be difficult to identify lesions from a bite by a bat, algorithms may be of less value when dealing with possible exposure to bat rabies. Using US prices and values, only 2 individuals per 1000 possible contacts have to be at risk from bat rabies in order for it to be economically justifiable to give PEP to all those potentially exposed to bat rabies. With regard to pre-exposure vaccination, routine use of pre-exposure has generally not been shown to be cost effective. JF - PharmacoEconomics AU - Meltzer, M I AU - Rupprecht, C E AD - National Center for Infectious Diseases, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia, USA. qzm4@cdc.gov Y1 - 1998/10// PY - 1998 DA - October 1998 SP - 365 EP - 383 VL - 14 IS - 4 SN - 1170-7690, 1170-7690 KW - Rabies Vaccines KW - 0 KW - Health technology assessment KW - Global Health KW - Risk KW - Animals KW - Chiroptera -- virology KW - Humans KW - Dogs KW - Incidence KW - Developing Countries KW - Bites and Stings -- virology KW - Developed Countries KW - Rabies Vaccines -- adverse effects KW - Rabies Vaccines -- economics KW - Rabies -- economics KW - Rabies -- prevention & control KW - Rabies -- epidemiology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/69165825?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=PharmacoEconomics&rft.atitle=A+review+of+the+economics+of+the+prevention+and+control+of+rabies.+Part+1%3A+Global+impact+and+rabies+in+humans.&rft.au=Meltzer%2C+M+I%3BRupprecht%2C+C+E&rft.aulast=Meltzer&rft.aufirst=M&rft.date=1998-10-01&rft.volume=14&rft.issue=4&rft.spage=365&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=PharmacoEconomics&rft.issn=11707690&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1999-02-26 N1 - Date created - 1999-02-26 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Insecticide resistance and vector control. AN - 69110909; 9866736 AB - Insecticide resistance has been a problem in all insect groups that serve as vectors of emerging diseases. Although mechanisms by which insecticides become less effective are similar across all vector taxa, each resistance problem is potentially unique and may involve a complex pattern of resistance foci. The main defense against resistance is close surveillance of the susceptibility of vector populations. We describe the mechanisms of insecticide resistance, as well as specific instances of resistance emergence worldwide, and discuss prospects for resistance management and priorities for detection and surveillance. JF - Emerging infectious diseases AU - Brogdon, W G AU - McAllister, J C AD - Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia 30333, USA. wgb1@cdc.gov PY - 1998 SP - 605 EP - 613 VL - 4 IS - 4 SN - 1080-6040, 1080-6040 KW - Growth Substances KW - 0 KW - Insecticides KW - Ivermectin KW - 70288-86-7 KW - Index Medicus KW - Animals KW - Humans KW - Insecticide Resistance -- physiology KW - Insect Vectors KW - Insect Control UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/69110909?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Emerging+infectious+diseases&rft.atitle=Insecticide+resistance+and+vector+control.&rft.au=Brogdon%2C+W+G%3BMcAllister%2C+J+C&rft.aulast=Brogdon&rft.aufirst=W&rft.date=1998-10-01&rft.volume=4&rft.issue=4&rft.spage=605&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Emerging+infectious+diseases&rft.issn=10806040&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1999-03-22 N1 - Date created - 1999-03-22 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - SuppNotes - Cited By: J Am Mosq Control Assoc. 1988 Jun;4(2):152-8 [3193111] J Am Mosq Control Assoc. 1997 Sep;13(3):233-7 [9383763] Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1993 Mar 1;90(5):1957-61 [8095336] Med Vet Entomol. 1994 Jan;8(1):71-5 [8161849] Am J Trop Med Hyg. 1994;50(6 Suppl):11-20 [8024077] Insect Biochem Mol Biol. 1994 Apr;24(4):411-8 [8025560] Gene. 1994 Sep 2;146(2):267-72 [8076830] Insect Biochem Mol Biol. 1995 Feb;25(2):275-83 [7711755] J Am Mosq Control Assoc. 1995 Mar;11(1):1-5 [7616173] Southeast Asian J Trop Med Public Health. 1995 Mar;26(1):154-63 [8525404] Insect Mol Biol. 1995 Aug;4(3):135-40 [8589839] Insect Biochem Mol Biol. 1996 Apr;26(4):365-73 [8814783] Appl Environ Microbiol. 1996 Aug;62(8):2839-44 [8702276] Crit Rev Biochem Mol Biol. 1995;30(6):445-600 [8770536] Insect Mol Biol. 1996 Aug;5(3):197-202 [8799738] Mol Gen Genet. 1996 Aug 27;252(1-2):51-60 [8804403] Mol Gen Genet. 1996 Aug 27;252(1-2):61-8 [8804404] J Am Mosq Control Assoc. 1996 Jun;12(2 Pt 1):247-50 [8827600] Med Vet Entomol. 1996 Jul;10(3):277-82 [8887340] Insect Biochem Mol Biol. 1996 Mar;26(3):277-85 [8900597] Emerg Infect Dis. 1996 Jul-Sep;2(3):217-21 [8903233] Emerg Infect Dis. 1996 Jul-Sep;2(3):234-5 [8903237] Emerg Infect Dis. 1996 Jul-Sep;2(3):236-8 [8903238] Bull Acad Natl Med. 1996 Jun-Jul;180(6):1325-37; discussion 1338-40 [8991613] Gene. 1996 Nov 21;180(1-2):165-71 [8973362] Insect Mol Biol. 1997 Feb;6(1):77-81 [9013258] Emerg Infect Dis. 1997 Apr-Jun;3(2):223-8 [9204308] Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1997 Jul 8;94(14):7464-8 [9207114] Biochem J. 1997 Jul 15;325 ( Pt 2):359-65 [9230114] FEMS Microbiol Lett. 1997 Aug 15;153(2):419-24 [9271871] FEBS Lett. 1997 Aug 18;413(2):327-32 [9280307] Emerg Infect Dis. 1997 Jul-Sep;3(3):353-5 [9284380] Emerg Infect Dis. 1997 Jul-Sep;3(3):357-60 [9284381] Mol Gen Genet. 1997 Sep;256(2):187-94 [9349710] Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1990 Apr;87(7):2574-8 [2320576] N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - At risk in two worlds: Injury mortality among Indigenous people in the US and Australia, 1990--92 AN - 21101352; 11130162 AB - This paper outlines the commonalties and unique differences in injury experience among the Indigenous people in the United States and Australia. Injury mortality rates among Indigenous people in the United States and Australia are approximately 2--3 times greater than rates for the non-Indigenous population in each country. Motor vehicle-related injuries accounted for one-third of the injury deaths for Native Americans and Australian Aboriginals. Suicide accounted for more deaths in Native Americans (15.5 per 100,000) than it did for Australian Aboriginals (11.1 per 100,000), whereas the injury death rate in Australian Aboriginals due to poisoning was almost twice that of Native Americans. Culturally appropriate interventions tailored to specific local settings and problems will be necessary to reduce injury mortality among Indigenous people. JF - Australian and New Zealand Journal of Public Health AU - Stevenson, Mark R AU - Wallace, L J David AU - Harrison, James AU - Moller, Jerry AU - Smith, Richard J AD - Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Curtin University of Technology, Western Australia, and National Center for Injury Prevention and Control, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, United States. Y1 - 1998/10// PY - 1998 DA - Oct 1998 SP - 641 EP - 644 PB - Wiley-Blackwell, 111 River Street Hoboken NJ 07030-5774 USA VL - 22 IS - 6 SN - 1326-0200, 1326-0200 KW - Health & Safety Science Abstracts KW - PSE, Australia KW - Mortality KW - Injuries KW - Poisoning KW - USA KW - intervention KW - indigenous peoples KW - suicide KW - Ethnic groups KW - New Zealand KW - H 2000:Transportation UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/21101352?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Ahealthsafetyabstracts&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Australian+and+New+Zealand+Journal+of+Public+Health&rft.atitle=At+risk+in+two+worlds%3A+Injury+mortality+among+Indigenous+people+in+the+US+and+Australia%2C+1990--92&rft.au=Stevenson%2C+Mark+R%3BWallace%2C+L+J+David%3BHarrison%2C+James%3BMoller%2C+Jerry%3BSmith%2C+Richard+J&rft.aulast=Stevenson&rft.aufirst=Mark&rft.date=1998-10-01&rft.volume=22&rft.issue=6&rft.spage=641&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Australian+and+New+Zealand+Journal+of+Public+Health&rft.issn=13260200&rft_id=info:doi/10.1111%2Fj.1467-842X.1998.tb01461.x LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2009-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-14 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - USA; PSE, Australia; New Zealand; Injuries; Mortality; indigenous peoples; Ethnic groups; suicide; intervention; Poisoning DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-842X.1998.tb01461.x ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Evaluation of three smoke detector promotion programs AN - 17388601; 4610151 AB - Seventy percent of U.S. residential fire deaths occur in homes without a working smoke detector. To help prevent residential fire deaths, many programs have distributed or installed detectors in unprotected homes. Because persons receiving a detector may not install it and because detector batteries require annual replacement, the enduring effectiveness of these programs may be questioned. We evaluated the long-term functional status of smoke detectors distributed to high-risk households in eight areas of Minnesota, Cherokee County (North Carolina), and Oklahoma City (Oklahoma). Home visits were made to check the detectors that were distributed 3 to 4 years earlier. Participants were Randomly selected households from the three detector promotion programs. Out-come Participation rates ranged from 72% to 82%. The percentage of evaluation households with at least one working detector ranged from 58% in Oklahoma to 73% in North Carolina. In 76% of households with nonworking detectors, the batteries were either missing or disconnected. When batteries in nonworking detectors were replaced, 83% of the detectors regained function. Future programs should consider distributing detectors that do not require annual battery changes or find effective ways to ensure that batteries are routinely replaced. Programs should also provide each household with the number of detectors needed to meet the most current recommended standard of the National Fire Protection Agency. The evaluation's participation rates support the practicality of unannounced home visits to evaluate home injury prevention programs in high-risk groups. JF - American Journal of Preventive Medicine AU - Shults, R A AU - Sacks, J J AU - Briske, LA AU - Dickey, PH AU - Kinde, M R AU - Mallonee, S AU - Douglas, M R AD - National Center for Injury Prevention and Control, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), 4770 Buford Highway, NE, MS K-63, Atlanta, Georgia 30341-3724, USA Y1 - 1998/10// PY - 1998 DA - Oct 1998 SP - 165 EP - 171 VL - 15 IS - 3 SN - 0749-3797, 0749-3797 KW - USA, North Carolina KW - USA, Oklahoma KW - smoke detectors KW - Health & Safety Science Abstracts KW - Fires KW - Government programs KW - Warning systems KW - H 7000:Fire Safety UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/17388601?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Ahealthsafetyabstracts&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=American+Journal+of+Preventive+Medicine&rft.atitle=Evaluation+of+three+smoke+detector+promotion+programs&rft.au=Shults%2C+R+A%3BSacks%2C+J+J%3BBriske%2C+LA%3BDickey%2C+PH%3BKinde%2C+M+R%3BMallonee%2C+S%3BDouglas%2C+M+R&rft.aulast=Shults&rft.aufirst=R&rft.date=1998-10-01&rft.volume=15&rft.issue=3&rft.spage=165&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=American+Journal+of+Preventive+Medicine&rft.issn=07493797&rft_id=info:doi/10.1016%2FS0749-3797%2898%2900071-3 LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Government programs; Fires; Warning systems DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0749-3797(98)00071-3 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Recommended data elements for firearm-related injury surveillance AN - 17385760; 4610150 AB - During 1994, the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) funded seven states to develop and evaluate surveillance systems for firearm-related injuries. In addition, New York City and California had related experience with firearm-related injury surveillance. At the time these nine jurisdictions began developing their surveillance systems, no standardized definitions or recommendations were available about the best methods or procedures of collecting data or suggested data elements of a firearm-related injury surveillance system. The nine jurisdictions and CDC developed a list of recommended data elements (RDEs) for fatal and nonfatal firearm-related injuries. We describe the process used to develop the RDEs, the 21 data elements suggested by the funded projects, the data sources that may be able to provide those data elements, and an indication of which sources may be most useful. We encourage all developing surveillance systems to strive to include these data elements, although some of the elements will be more easily attainable for fatal injury events than nonfatal ones, and no single data source will be able to provide all the desired information about both morbidity and mortality from firearm-related injuries. The RDEs capitalize on the preliminary experiences of the small group of jurisdictions, but they need to be pilot tested and revised as we colect more information about how well these elements capture the desired information and whether the information obtained is useful. JF - American Journal of Preventive Medicine AU - Saltzman, LE AU - Ikeda, R M AD - Division of Violence, Prevention, National Center for Injury Prevention and Control, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, 4770 Buford Highway, NE, Mailstop K60, Atlanta, GA 30341-3724, USA Y1 - 1998/10// PY - 1998 DA - Oct 1998 SP - 113 EP - 119 VL - 15 IS - 3 SN - 0749-3797, 0749-3797 KW - USA KW - firearms KW - Health & Safety Science Abstracts KW - Data collection KW - Injuries KW - Public health KW - H 11000:Diseases/Injuries/Trauma UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/17385760?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Ahealthsafetyabstracts&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=American+Journal+of+Preventive+Medicine&rft.atitle=Recommended+data+elements+for+firearm-related+injury+surveillance&rft.au=Saltzman%2C+LE%3BIkeda%2C+R+M&rft.aulast=Saltzman&rft.aufirst=LE&rft.date=1998-10-01&rft.volume=15&rft.issue=3&rft.spage=113&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=American+Journal+of+Preventive+Medicine&rft.issn=07493797&rft_id=info:doi/10.1016%2FS0749-3797%2898%2900058-0 LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Injuries; Public health; Data collection DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0749-3797(98)00058-0 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Residential smoke alarms and fire escape plans AN - 17382598; 4607054 AB - To estimate the proportion of U.S. homes with installed smoke alarms, smoke alarms on the same floor as occupants' bedrooms, and fire escape plans the authors analyzed data on smoke alarm use and fire escape planning from a 1994 stratified random telephone survey of 5238 U.S. households. Respondents from 91% of surveyed households reported the presence of at least one installed smoke alarm, and 94% of respondents reported having an alarm on the same level of the home as their sleeping area. The prevalence of installed smoke alarms varied by highest education level in the household and income level. Sixty percent of all households had designed or discussed a fire escape plan at least once; only 17% of these households had actually practiced one. Although overall use of smoke alarms was high, certain population subgroups were less likely to have smoke alarms or to have them installed on the same floor as bedrooms. Fire escape planning, another important safety measure, was somewhat less common, and very few respondents reported having practiced a fire escape plan with the members of their household. JF - Public Health Reports AU - Harvey, P A AU - Sacks, J J AU - Ryan, G W AU - Bender, P F AD - NCIPC, 4770 Buford Hwy. NE (K63), Atlanta, GA 30341, USA, pdh7@cdc.gov Y1 - 1998/10// PY - 1998 DA - Oct 1998 SP - 459 EP - 464 VL - 113 IS - 5 SN - 0033-3549, 0033-3549 KW - smoke alarms KW - Health & Safety Science Abstracts KW - Fires KW - Emergency preparedness KW - Residential areas KW - H 7000:Fire Safety UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/17382598?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Ahealthsafetyabstracts&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Public+Health+Reports&rft.atitle=Residential+smoke+alarms+and+fire+escape+plans&rft.au=Harvey%2C+P+A%3BSacks%2C+J+J%3BRyan%2C+G+W%3BBender%2C+P+F&rft.aulast=Harvey&rft.aufirst=P&rft.date=1998-10-01&rft.volume=113&rft.issue=5&rft.spage=459&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Public+Health+Reports&rft.issn=00333549&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Residential areas; Fires; Emergency preparedness ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Firearm-related injury surveillance: An overview of progress and the challenges ahead AN - 17336191; 4610139 AB - Firearm-related injuries pose a serious public health problem in the United States and are increasingly the focus of public health concern. Despite the magnitude of this problem, ongoing and systematic collection of data on firearm-related injuries to help guide research and policy development has been lacking. The further development of firearm-related injury surveillance systems can provide an objective source of information for policy. Beginning in the mid-1980s, the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention's National Center for Injury Prevention and Control began to support the development of firearm-related injury surveillance systems by augmenting existing national- and state-level data collection systems and establishing cooperative agreements with state and local health departments to identify optimal firearm-related injury surveillance practices. Some progress has been made in improving the capacity to undertake firearm injury surveillance at national, state, and local levels for mortality, morbidity (including disability), and risk/protective factors, but much work remains to be done. The development of state and local firearm-related injury surveillance systems provides the clearest potential for linking basic information on firearm-related injuries to action, given the critical role that states have in both public health surveillance and regulation of firearms. Broader application of external cause-of-injury codes, increased standardization and validation of definitions and data-collection instruments, improved methods for identifying firearm characteristics and types, and the identification of efficient techniques for linking health and criminal justice data sources are among the key challenges we face as we try to build a more uniform system for monitoring firearm-related injuries in the United States. JF - American Journal of Preventive Medicine AU - Mercy, JA AU - Ikeda, R AU - Powell, KE AD - Division of Violence Prevention, National Center for Injury Prevention and Control, Mailstop K60, 4770 Buford Highway, NE, Atlanta, GA, USA Y1 - 1998/10// PY - 1998 DA - Oct 1998 SP - 6 EP - 16 VL - 15 IS - 3 SN - 0749-3797, 0749-3797 KW - USA KW - disabilities KW - firearms KW - Health & Safety Science Abstracts KW - Mortality KW - Injuries KW - Violence KW - Morbidity KW - Public health KW - H 12000:Epidemiology and Public Health UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/17336191?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Ahealthsafetyabstracts&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=American+Journal+of+Preventive+Medicine&rft.atitle=Firearm-related+injury+surveillance%3A+An+overview+of+progress+and+the+challenges+ahead&rft.au=Mercy%2C+JA%3BIkeda%2C+R%3BPowell%2C+KE&rft.aulast=Mercy&rft.aufirst=JA&rft.date=1998-10-01&rft.volume=15&rft.issue=3&rft.spage=6&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=American+Journal+of+Preventive+Medicine&rft.issn=07493797&rft_id=info:doi/10.1016%2FS0749-3797%2898%2900060-9 LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Morbidity; Injuries; Violence; Mortality; Public health DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0749-3797(98)00060-9 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Use of national data systems for firearm-related injury surveillance AN - 17335497; 4610140 AB - The purpose of this paper is to provide an overview of federal data systems that report national data on fatal and nonfatal firearm-related injuries and associated risk factors and behaviors. There are 13 federal data systems that provide useful information for national surveillance of firearm-related injuries in the United States. Each data system has useful features and limitations. Each provides a different methodologic approach to capture data for monitoring and characterizing firearm-related deaths or injuries, or behavioral risks associated with unintentional and violent events. Although much progress has been made over the past decade to improve national data on firearm-related injuries, many gaps still remain. A mechanism is needed to better coordinate and integrate federal efforts to collect, analyze, and disseminate data on firearm-related injury. JF - American Journal of Preventive Medicine AU - Annest, J L AU - Mercy, JA AD - National Center for Injury Prevention and Control, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Mail Stop K-59, 4770 Buford Hwy, NE, Atlanta, Georgia 30341-3724, USA Y1 - 1998/10// PY - 1998 DA - Oct 1998 SP - 17 EP - 30 VL - 15 IS - 3 SN - 0749-3797, 0749-3797 KW - USA KW - firearms KW - Health & Safety Science Abstracts KW - Risk assessment KW - Data collection KW - Injuries KW - Public health KW - H 12000:Epidemiology and Public Health UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/17335497?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Ahealthsafetyabstracts&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=American+Journal+of+Preventive+Medicine&rft.atitle=Use+of+national+data+systems+for+firearm-related+injury+surveillance&rft.au=Annest%2C+J+L%3BMercy%2C+JA&rft.aulast=Annest&rft.aufirst=J&rft.date=1998-10-01&rft.volume=15&rft.issue=3&rft.spage=17&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=American+Journal+of+Preventive+Medicine&rft.issn=07493797&rft_id=info:doi/10.1016%2FS0749-3797%2898%2900057-9 LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Injuries; Risk assessment; Public health; Data collection DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0749-3797(98)00057-9 ER - TY - CONF T1 - Enhancement of nitric oxide production by pulmonary cells following silica exposure AN - 17155683; 4451040 AB - In vivo exposure of rat lungs to crystalline silica either by intratracheal instillation or by inhalation results in an increase in mRNA levels for inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) in bronchoalveolar lavage cells (BALC), elevated nitric oxide ( times NO) production by BALC, and an increase in times NO-dependent chemiluminescence (CL) from alveolar macrophages (AM). Induction of iNOS message occurs in both AM and polymorphonuclear leukocytes (PMN) harvested from silica-exposed lungs but is not significantly elevated in lavaged lung tissue. In vitro exposure of AM to silica does not stimulate times NO production or enhance iNOS message. However, treatment of naive AM with conditioned media from BALC harvested from silica-exposed rats does increase iNOS message and times NO production by these AM. The potency of this conditioned medium is dependent on interaction between AM and PMN. In the rat model, a relationship exists between the ability of various dusts to cause PMN recruitment or protein leakage into the alveolar space and the induction of iNOS message in BALC, i.e., silica>coal mine dust>carbonyl iron>titanium dioxide. Similarly, a comparison of BALC from a healthy volunteer, a silica-exposed coal miner with a normal chest radiograph, and a silica-exposed coal miner with an abnormal chest radiograph shows a correlation between pathology and both the level of iNOS message in BALC and the magnitude of times NO-dependent CL from AM. These data suggest that times NO may play a role in silicosis and that human pulmonary phagocytes exhibit enhanced times NO production in response to an inflammatory insult. JF - Environmental Health Perspectives AU - Castranova, V AU - Huffman, L J AU - Judy, D J AU - Bylander, JE AU - Lapp, L N AU - Weber, S L AU - Blackford, JA AU - Dey, R D Y1 - 1998/10// PY - 1998 DA - Oct 1998 SP - 1165 EP - 1169 PB - Government Printing Office VL - 106 KW - rats KW - Toxicology Abstracts KW - Nitric-oxide synthase KW - Silica KW - Lung KW - Phagocytes KW - Leukocytes (polymorphonuclear) KW - Nitric oxide KW - Inflammation KW - Silicon dioxide KW - X 24155:Biochemistry UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/17155683?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxicologyabstracts&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Environmental+Health+Perspectives&rft.atitle=Enhancement+of+nitric+oxide+production+by+pulmonary+cells+following+silica+exposure&rft.au=Castranova%2C+V%3BHuffman%2C+L+J%3BJudy%2C+D+J%3BBylander%2C+JE%3BLapp%2C+L+N%3BWeber%2C+S+L%3BBlackford%2C+JA%3BDey%2C+R+D&rft.aulast=Castranova&rft.aufirst=V&rft.date=1998-10-01&rft.volume=106&rft.issue=&rft.spage=1165&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Environmental+Health+Perspectives&rft.issn=00916765&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Isolation of Enterobacter intermedium from the gallbladder of a patient with cholecystitis AN - 17129792; 4436423 AB - We describe the isolation and identification of Enterobacter intermedium from the gallbladder of a patient with cholecystitis. There have been only four documented isolations of this organism from humans; it normally occurs in surface water and unpolluted soils. The identification was initially made by a MicroScan Walk/Away system with a Neg Combo 18 conventional identification-susceptibility panel. The organism is susceptible to the aminoglycosides and imipenem but resistant to the cephalosporins and ciprofloxacin. JF - Journal of Clinical Microbiology AU - O'Hara, C M AU - Steward, ChD AU - Wright, J L AU - Tenover, F C AU - Miller, J M AD - Mailstop C16, Centers for Disease Control, Atlanta, GA 30333, USA, cmol@cdc.gov Y1 - 1998/10// PY - 1998 DA - Oct 1998 SP - 3055 EP - 3056 VL - 36 IS - 10 SN - 0095-1137, 0095-1137 KW - Microbiology Abstracts B: Bacteriology KW - Ciprofloxacin KW - Gallbladder KW - Cephalosporins KW - Culture KW - Enterobacter intermedium KW - Antibiotic sensitivity testing KW - Aminoglycoside antibiotics KW - J 02846:Gastrointestinal tract UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/17129792?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologyb&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Clinical+Microbiology&rft.atitle=Isolation+of+Enterobacter+intermedium+from+the+gallbladder+of+a+patient+with+cholecystitis&rft.au=O%27Hara%2C+C+M%3BSteward%2C+ChD%3BWright%2C+J+L%3BTenover%2C+F+C%3BMiller%2C+J+M&rft.aulast=O%27Hara&rft.aufirst=C&rft.date=1998-10-01&rft.volume=36&rft.issue=10&rft.spage=3055&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+Clinical+Microbiology&rft.issn=00951137&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Enterobacter intermedium; Aminoglycoside antibiotics; Antibiotic sensitivity testing; Culture; Cephalosporins; Gallbladder; Ciprofloxacin ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Study of toxin production by isolates of Stachybotrys chartarum and Memnoniella echinata isolated during a study of pulmonary hemosiderosis in infants AN - 17129609; 4433272 AB - A cluster of cases of pulmonary hemosiderosis among infants was reported in Cleveland, Ohio, during 1993 and 1994. These unusual cases appeared only in infants ranging in age from 1 to 8 months and were characterized by pulmonary hemorrhage, which caused the babies to cough up blood. A case-control study identified major home water damage (from plumbing leaks, roof leaks, or flooding) as a risk factor for development of pulmonary hemorrhage in these infants. Because of an interest in the possibility that trichothecene mycotoxins might be involved in this illness, a number of isolates of Stachybotrys chartarum were grown in the laboratory on rice, and extracts were prepared and analyzed both for cytotoxicity and for specific toxins. Two isolates of Memnoniella echinata, a fungus closely related to S. chartarum, were also included in these studies. S. chartarum isolates collected from the homes were shown to produce a number of highly toxic compounds, and the profiles of toxic compounds from M. echinata were similar; the most notable difference was the fact that the principal metabolites produced by M. echinata were griseofulvins. JF - Applied and Environmental Microbiology AU - Jarvis, B B AU - Sorenson, W G AU - Hintikka, E-L AU - Nikulin, M AU - Zhou, Y AU - Jiang, J AU - Wang, Sh AU - Hinkley, S AU - Etzel, R A AU - Dearborn, D AD - NIOSH/DRDS, 1095 Willowdale Road, Morgantown, WV 26505, USA, wgs1@cdc.gov Y1 - 1998/10// PY - 1998 DA - Oct 1998 SP - 3620 EP - 3625 VL - 64 IS - 10 SN - 0099-2240, 0099-2240 KW - USA, Ohio KW - Microbiology Abstracts A: Industrial & Applied Microbiology; Microbiology Abstracts C: Algology, Mycology & Protozoology; Toxicology Abstracts KW - Lung diseases KW - Stachybotrys chartarum KW - Mycotoxins KW - Memnoniella echinata KW - Griseofulvin KW - Infants KW - K 03040:Fungi KW - X 24171:Microbial KW - A 01023:Others UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/17129609?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxicologyabstracts&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Applied+and+Environmental+Microbiology&rft.atitle=Study+of+toxin+production+by+isolates+of+Stachybotrys+chartarum+and+Memnoniella+echinata+isolated+during+a+study+of+pulmonary+hemosiderosis+in+infants&rft.au=Jarvis%2C+B+B%3BSorenson%2C+W+G%3BHintikka%2C+E-L%3BNikulin%2C+M%3BZhou%2C+Y%3BJiang%2C+J%3BWang%2C+Sh%3BHinkley%2C+S%3BEtzel%2C+R+A%3BDearborn%2C+D&rft.aulast=Jarvis&rft.aufirst=B&rft.date=1998-10-01&rft.volume=64&rft.issue=10&rft.spage=3620&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Applied+and+Environmental+Microbiology&rft.issn=00992240&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Memnoniella echinata; Stachybotrys chartarum; Griseofulvin; Mycotoxins; Lung diseases; Infants ER - TY - JOUR T1 - gyrA Mutations associated with fluoroquinolone resistance in eight species of Enterobacteriaceae AN - 17127633; 4433322 AB - Fluoroquinolone resistance (FQ-R) in clinical isolates of Enterobacteriaceae species has been reported with increasing frequency in recent years. Two mechanisms of FQ-R have been identified in gram-negative organisms: mutations in DNA gyrase and reduced intracellular drug accumulation. A single point mutation in gyrA has been shown to reduce susceptibility to fluoroquinolones. To determine the extent of gyrA mutations associated with FQ-R in enteric bacteria, one set of oligonucleotide primers was selected from conserved sequences in the flanking regions of the quinolone resistance-determining regions (QRDR) of Escherichia coli and Klebsiella pneumoniae. This set of primers was used to amplify and sequence the QRDRs from 8 Enterobacteriaceae type strains and 60 fluoroquinolone-resistant clinical isolates of Citrobacter freundii, Enterobacter aerogenes, Enterobacter cloacae, E. coli, K. pneumoniae, Klebsiella oxytoca, Providencia stuartii, and Serratia marcescens. Although similarity of the nucleotide sequences of seven species ranged from 80.8 to 93.3%, when compared with that of E. coli, the amino acid sequences of the gyrA QRDR were highly conserved. Conservative amino acid substitutions were detected in the QRDRs of the susceptible type strains of C. freundii, E. aerogenes, K. oxytoca (Ser-83 to Thr), and P. stuartii (Asp-87 to Glu). Strains with ciprofloxacin MICs of >2 mu g/ml expressed amino acid substitutions primarily at the Gly-81, Ser-83, or Asp-87 position. Fluoroquinolone MICs varied significantly for strains exhibiting identical gyrA mutations, indicating that alterations outside gyrA contribute to resistance. The type and position of amino acid alterations also differed among these six genera. High-level FQ-R frequently was associated with single gyrA mutations in all species of Enterobacteriaceae in this study except E. coli. JF - Antimicrobial Agents & Chemotherapy AU - Weigel, L M AU - Steward, ChD AU - Tenover, F C AD - Nosocomial Pathogens Laboratory Branch (G-08), Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, 1600 Clifton Rd., N.E., Atlanta, GA 30333, USA, lew9@cdc.gov Y1 - 1998/10// PY - 1998 DA - Oct 1998 SP - 2661 EP - 2667 VL - 42 IS - 10 SN - 0066-4804, 0066-4804 KW - DNA topoisomerase KW - gyrA gene KW - Microbiology Abstracts B: Bacteriology; Microbiology Abstracts A: Industrial & Applied Microbiology KW - Drug resistance KW - Enterobacter aerogenes KW - Ciprofloxacin KW - Escherichia coli KW - Polymerase chain reaction KW - Serratia marcescens KW - Enterobacteriaceae KW - Citrobacter freundii KW - Minimum inhibitory concentration KW - Enterobacter cloacae KW - Providencia stuartii KW - Klebsiella oxytoca KW - quinolines KW - Klebsiella pneumoniae KW - A 01064:Microbial resistance KW - J 02806:Quinones, quinolones and quinolines KW - J 02814:Drug resistance UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/17127633?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologyb&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Antimicrobial+Agents+%26+Chemotherapy&rft.atitle=gyrA+Mutations+associated+with+fluoroquinolone+resistance+in+eight+species+of+Enterobacteriaceae&rft.au=Weigel%2C+L+M%3BSteward%2C+ChD%3BTenover%2C+F+C&rft.aulast=Weigel&rft.aufirst=L&rft.date=1998-10-01&rft.volume=42&rft.issue=10&rft.spage=2661&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Antimicrobial+Agents+%26+Chemotherapy&rft.issn=00664804&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Citrobacter freundii; Enterobacter aerogenes; Enterobacter cloacae; Enterobacteriaceae; Escherichia coli; Klebsiella oxytoca; Klebsiella pneumoniae; Providencia stuartii; Serratia marcescens; quinolines; Drug resistance; Ciprofloxacin; Polymerase chain reaction; Minimum inhibitory concentration ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Description of Gemella sanguinis sp. nov., isolated from human clinical specimens AN - 17127183; 4436445 AB - Six strains of a hitherto undescribed gram-positive, catalase-negative, facultatively anaerobic coccus isolated from human sources were characterized by phenotypic and molecular taxonomic methods. Comparative 16S rRNA gene sequencing studies demonstrated that the unknown strains were genealogically identical and constitute a new subline within the genus Gemella. The unknown bacterium was readily distinguished from Gemella haemolysans, Gemella bergeriae, and Gemella morbillorum by biochemical tests and electrophoretic analysis of whole-cell proteins. Based on phylogenetic and phenotypic evidence, it is proposed that the unknown bacterium be classified as Gemella sanguinis sp. nov. The type strain is CCUG 37820 super(T). JF - Journal of Clinical Microbiology AU - Collins, MD AU - Hutson, R A AU - Falsen, E AU - Sjoden, B AU - Facklam, R R AD - Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, 1600 Clifton Road N.E., Atlanta, GA 30333, USA, RRF@CDC.GOV Y1 - 1998/10// PY - 1998 DA - Oct 1998 SP - 3090 EP - 3093 VL - 36 IS - 10 SN - 0095-1137, 0095-1137 KW - rRNA 16S KW - Microbiology Abstracts B: Bacteriology KW - Phylogeny KW - Phenotyping KW - Gemella bergeriae KW - Gemella haemolysans KW - Gemella sanguinis KW - Gemella morbillorum KW - Genotyping KW - Proteins KW - Taxonomy KW - Gel electrophoresis KW - J 02710:Identification, taxonomy and typing UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/17127183?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologyb&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Clinical+Microbiology&rft.atitle=Description+of+Gemella+sanguinis+sp.+nov.%2C+isolated+from+human+clinical+specimens&rft.au=Collins%2C+MD%3BHutson%2C+R+A%3BFalsen%2C+E%3BSjoden%2C+B%3BFacklam%2C+R+R&rft.aulast=Collins&rft.aufirst=MD&rft.date=1998-10-01&rft.volume=36&rft.issue=10&rft.spage=3090&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+Clinical+Microbiology&rft.issn=00951137&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Gemella bergeriae; Gemella haemolysans; Gemella morbillorum; Gemella sanguinis; Phenotyping; Proteins; Phylogeny; Taxonomy; Genotyping; Gel electrophoresis ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Incidence of foodborne illnesses--FoodNet, 1997. AN - 69957537; 9769137 AB - Each year, millions of persons become ill from foodborne diseases, though many cases are not reported. The Foodborne Diseases Active Surveillance Network (Food-Net), the primary foodborne diseases component of CDC's Emerging Infections Program, was developed to better characterize, understand, and respond to foodborne illnesses in the United States. This report describes FoodNet surveillance data from 1997, the second year of surveillance, and compares findings with data from 1996. The findings demonstrate regional and seasonal differences in the reported incidence of certain bacterial and parasitic diseases and that substantial changes occurred in the incidence of illnesses caused by some pathogens (e.g., Vibrio and Escherichia coli O157:H7) but the overall incidence of illness caused by the seven diseases under surveillance in both years changed little. JF - MMWR. Morbidity and mortality weekly report AU - Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) AD - Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) Y1 - 1998/09/25/ PY - 1998 DA - 1998 Sep 25 SP - 782 EP - 786 VL - 47 IS - 37 SN - 0149-2195, 0149-2195 KW - Index Medicus KW - Humans KW - Incidence KW - United States -- epidemiology KW - Foodborne Diseases -- epidemiology KW - Foodborne Diseases -- microbiology KW - Foodborne Diseases -- parasitology KW - Population Surveillance UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/69957537?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=MMWR.+Morbidity+and+mortality+weekly+report&rft.atitle=Incidence+of+foodborne+illnesses--FoodNet%2C+1997.&rft.au=Centers+for+Disease+Control+and+Prevention+%28CDC%29&rft.aulast=Centers+for+Disease+Control+and+Prevention+%28CDC%29&rft.aufirst=&rft.date=1998-09-25&rft.volume=47&rft.issue=37&rft.spage=782&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=MMWR.+Morbidity+and+mortality+weekly+report&rft.issn=01492195&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1998-10-14 N1 - Date created - 1998-10-14 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Chronic multisymptom illness affecting Air Force veterans of the Gulf War AN - 17091655; 4406847 AB - Gulf War (GW) veterans report nonspecific symptoms significantly more often than their nondeployed peers. However, no specific disorder has been identified, and the etiologic basis and clinical significance of their symptoms remain unclear. Objectives.-To organize symptoms reported by US Air Force GW veterans into a case definition, to characterize clinical features, and to evaluate risk factors. Design.-Cross-sectional population survey of individual characteristics and symptoms and clinical evaluation (including a structured interview, the Medical Outcomes Study Short Form 36, psychiatric screening, physical examination, clinical laboratory tests, and serologic assays for antibodies against viruses, rickettsia, parasites, and bacteria) conducted in 1995. Participants and Setting.-The cross-sectional questionnaire survey included 3723 currently active volunteers, irrespective of health status or GW participation, from 4 air force populations. The cross-sectional clinical evaluation included 158 GW veterans from one unit, irrespective of health status. Main Outcome Measures.-Symptom-based case definition; case prevalence rate for GW veterans and nondeployed personnel; clinical and laboratory findings among veterans who met the case definition. Results.-We defined a case as having 1 or more chronic symptoms from at least 2 of 3 categories (fatigue, mood-cognition, and musculoskeletal). The prevalence of mild-to-moderate and severe cases was 39% and 6%, respectively, among 1155 GW veterans compared with 14% and 0.7% among 2520 nondeployed personnel. Illness was not associated with time or place of deployment or with duties during the war. Fifty-nine clinically evaluated GW veterans (37%) were noncases, 86 (54%) mild-to-moderate cases, and 13 (8%) severe cases. Although no physical examination, laboratory, or serologic findings identified cases, veterans who met the case definition had significantly diminished functioning and well-being. Conclusions.-Among currently active members of 4 Air Force populations, a chronic multisymptom condition was significantly associated with deployment to the GW. The condition was not associated with specific GW exposures and also affected nondeployed personnel. JF - Journal of the American Medical Association AU - Fukuda, K AU - Nisenbaum, R AU - Stewart, G AU - Thompson, W W AU - Robin, L AU - Washko, R M AU - Noah, D L AU - Barrett, D H AU - Randall, B AU - Herwaldt, B L AU - Mawle, A C AU - Reeves, W C AD - Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Mail Stop A-15, 1600 Clifton Rd., Atlanta, GA 30333, USA, wcr1@cdc.gov Y1 - 1998/09/16/ PY - 1998 DA - 1998 Sep 16 SP - 981 EP - 988 VL - 280 IS - 11 SN - 0098-7484, 0098-7484 KW - Persian Gulf KW - fatigue KW - musculoskeletal system KW - Health & Safety Science Abstracts KW - Military KW - Occupational health KW - H 1000:Occupational Safety and Health UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/17091655?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Ahealthsafetyabstracts&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+the+American+Medical+Association&rft.atitle=Chronic+multisymptom+illness+affecting+Air+Force+veterans+of+the+Gulf+War&rft.au=Fukuda%2C+K%3BNisenbaum%2C+R%3BStewart%2C+G%3BThompson%2C+W+W%3BRobin%2C+L%3BWashko%2C+R+M%3BNoah%2C+D+L%3BBarrett%2C+D+H%3BRandall%2C+B%3BHerwaldt%2C+B+L%3BMawle%2C+A+C%3BReeves%2C+W+C&rft.aulast=Fukuda&rft.aufirst=K&rft.date=1998-09-16&rft.volume=280&rft.issue=11&rft.spage=981&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+the+American+Medical+Association&rft.issn=00987484&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Occupational health; Military ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Genotoxicity in workers exposed to methyl bromide. AN - 73921472; 9733941 AB - To address the genotoxicity of in vivo methyl bromide (CAS 74-83-9) exposure in humans, we collected blood and oropharyngeal cells as part of a cross-sectional morbidity study of methyl bromide-exposed fumigation workers and their referents. Micronuclei were measured in lymphocytes and oropharyngeal cells, and hypoxanthine-guanine phosphoribosyl transferase gene (hprt) mutations were measured in lymphocytes. A total of 32 workers and 28 referents provided specimens. Among current non-smokers, mean hprt variant frequencies (Vfs) were found to be elevated among workers compared to referents (geometric mean: workers=4.49x10(-6), referents=2.96x10-(6); two-sided p=0.22); this difference was more pronounced among workers with 4 h or more of recent methyl bromide exposure compared to referents (geometric mean: workers=6.56x10(-6), referents=2.96x10(-6); two-sided p=0.06). Mean oropharyngeal cell micronuclei were higher among workers compared to referents (mean: workers=2.00, referents=1.31; two-sided p=0.08); the results were similar when workers with 4 h or more of recent methyl bromide exposure were compared to referents (mean: workers=2.07, referents=1.31; two-sided p=0.13). No consistent differences between workers and referents were observed for frequencies of kinetochore-negative lymphocyte micronuclei, or kinetochore-positive lymphocyte micronuclei. The study was limited by a sample size sufficient only for detecting relatively large differences, absence of a reliable method to measure the intensity of workplace methyl bromide exposures, and relatively infrequent methyl bromide exposure (e.g., the median length of exposure to methyl bromide during the 2 weeks preceding the survey was 4 h). In conclusion, our findings provide some evidence that methyl bromide exposure may be associated with genotoxic effects in lymphocytes and oropharyngeal cells. Further study on the genotoxicity of methyl bromide exposure in humans is warranted. Copyright 1998 Elsevier Science B.V. JF - Mutation research AU - Calvert, G M AU - Talaska, G AU - Mueller, C A AU - Ammenheuser, M M AU - Au, W W AU - Fajen, J M AU - Fleming, L E AU - Briggle, T AU - Ward, E AD - Division of Surveillance, Hazard, Evaluations and Field Studies, National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, 4676 Columbia Parkway, R-21, Cincinnati, OH 45226, USA. jac6@cdc.gov Y1 - 1998/09/11/ PY - 1998 DA - 1998 Sep 11 SP - 115 EP - 128 VL - 417 IS - 2-3 SN - 0027-5107, 0027-5107 KW - Hydrocarbons, Brominated KW - 0 KW - Pesticides KW - methyl bromide KW - 9V42E1Z7B6 KW - Hypoxanthine Phosphoribosyltransferase KW - EC 2.4.2.8 KW - Index Medicus KW - Regression Analysis KW - Micronucleus Tests KW - Hypoxanthine Phosphoribosyltransferase -- genetics KW - Humans KW - Adult KW - Aged KW - Middle Aged KW - Mutation KW - Male KW - Oropharynx -- ultrastructure KW - Lymphocytes -- enzymology KW - Chromosome Aberrations KW - Occupational Exposure -- adverse effects KW - Oropharynx -- drug effects KW - Lymphocytes -- ultrastructure KW - Lymphocytes -- drug effects KW - Hydrocarbons, Brominated -- adverse effects KW - Pesticides -- adverse effects KW - Inhalation Exposure -- adverse effects UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/73921472?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Mutation+research&rft.atitle=Genotoxicity+in+workers+exposed+to+methyl+bromide.&rft.au=Calvert%2C+G+M%3BTalaska%2C+G%3BMueller%2C+C+A%3BAmmenheuser%2C+M+M%3BAu%2C+W+W%3BFajen%2C+J+M%3BFleming%2C+L+E%3BBriggle%2C+T%3BWard%2C+E&rft.aulast=Calvert&rft.aufirst=G&rft.date=1998-09-11&rft.volume=417&rft.issue=2-3&rft.spage=115&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Mutation+research&rft.issn=00275107&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1998-11-10 N1 - Date created - 1998-11-10 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Youth agricultural work-related injuries treated in emergency departments--United States, October 1995-September 1997. AN - 73898152; 9746430 AB - National estimates and descriptions of agricultural injuries occurring to youths are limited. In 1996, the National Committee for Childhood Agricultural Injury Prevention recommended establishing and maintaining a comprehensive national surveillance system of fatal and nonfatal childhood agricultural injuries. In response to these recommendations, CDC's National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH) began analyzing existing surveillance data while exploring new data collection strategies. The goals of these efforts are to add to knowledge about the incidence and circumstances of childhood agricultural injuries and to improve collection and analysis of data regarding childhood agricultural injuries. This report presents an analysis of data from the National Electronic Injury Surveillance System (NEISS) during October 1995-September 1997 for youths aged <20 years, which indicates that youths in this age group are at increased risk for agricultural work-related injuries. JF - MMWR. Morbidity and mortality weekly report AU - Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) AD - Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) Y1 - 1998/09/11/ PY - 1998 DA - 1998 Sep 11 SP - 733 EP - 737 VL - 47 IS - 35 SN - 0149-2195, 0149-2195 KW - Index Medicus KW - Humans KW - Adult KW - Aged KW - Middle Aged KW - Adolescent KW - United States -- epidemiology KW - Age Distribution KW - Agriculture KW - Accidents, Occupational -- statistics & numerical data KW - Emergency Medical Services -- statistics & numerical data UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/73898152?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=MMWR.+Morbidity+and+mortality+weekly+report&rft.atitle=Youth+agricultural+work-related+injuries+treated+in+emergency+departments--United+States%2C+October+1995-September+1997.&rft.au=Centers+for+Disease+Control+and+Prevention+%28CDC%29&rft.aulast=Centers+for+Disease+Control+and+Prevention+%28CDC%29&rft.aufirst=&rft.date=1998-09-11&rft.volume=47&rft.issue=35&rft.spage=733&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=MMWR.+Morbidity+and+mortality+weekly+report&rft.issn=01492195&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1998-09-24 N1 - Date created - 1998-09-24 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - A novel source of carbon monoxide poisoning: explosives used in construction. AN - 73896647; 9737505 AB - We describe an incident of carbon monoxide (CO) poisoning caused by CO migrating through soil after nearby detonation of explosive charges. Employees worked in a newly installed, unconnected manhole without incident and finished shortly before underground explosives were detonated 50 feet south of the manhole to break up rock and soil. A worker entering the manhole 45 minutes after the explosion collapsed within minutes, as did two coworkers who rescued him. One worker died, and all had elevated levels of carboxyhemoglobin. Air samples collected from the manhole 2 days after the incident showed 1,910 ppm CO; in laboratory detonations, sample explosive yielded 27 L CO per kilogram detonated. We believe the CO in this incident was released from the nearby explosion and migrated through soil and fractured rock into the manhole. The blasting and construction industries should be made aware of this previously unrecognized route of CO exposure. Additionally, confined-space procedures and training are needed to prevent future accidents. JF - Annals of emergency medicine AU - Deitchman, S AU - Decker, J AU - Santis, L AD - National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA 30333, USA. sed2@cdc.gov Y1 - 1998/09// PY - 1998 DA - September 1998 SP - 381 EP - 384 VL - 32 IS - 3 Pt 1 SN - 0196-0644, 0196-0644 KW - Air Pollutants, Occupational KW - 0 KW - Soil KW - Carbon Monoxide KW - 7U1EE4V452 KW - Carboxyhemoglobin KW - 9061-29-4 KW - Nitroglycerin KW - G59M7S0WS3 KW - Abridged Index Medicus KW - Index Medicus KW - Fatal Outcome KW - Accidents, Occupational -- prevention & control KW - Carbon Monoxide -- analysis KW - Nitroglycerin -- adverse effects KW - Carboxyhemoglobin -- analysis KW - Air Pollutants, Occupational -- analysis KW - Humans KW - Adult KW - Middle Aged KW - Male KW - Explosions KW - Carbon Monoxide Poisoning -- etiology KW - Occupational Diseases -- blood KW - Carbon Monoxide Poisoning -- blood KW - Occupational Diseases -- prevention & control KW - Occupational Diseases -- etiology KW - Carbon Monoxide Poisoning -- prevention & control UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/73896647?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Annals+of+emergency+medicine&rft.atitle=A+novel+source+of+carbon+monoxide+poisoning%3A+explosives+used+in+construction.&rft.au=Deitchman%2C+S%3BDecker%2C+J%3BSantis%2C+L&rft.aulast=Deitchman&rft.aufirst=S&rft.date=1998-09-01&rft.volume=32&rft.issue=3+Pt+1&rft.spage=381&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Annals+of+emergency+medicine&rft.issn=01960644&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1998-10-01 N1 - Date created - 1998-10-01 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - SuppNotes - Comment In: Ann Emerg Med. 2000 Jun;35(6):629-31 [10828782] N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - The up-regulation of IL-6 and IL-8 in human endothelial cells by activated protein C. AN - 73865633; 9725257 AB - The protein C/protein S anticoagulant pathway has been proposed to be a common link between coagulation and inflammation. Studies have suggested that a component of the anticoagulant pathway, activated protein C (APC), may play a role in the inflammatory response by modulating the effects of cytokines such as TNF and by blocking neutrophil activation. Cytokines are known to be intimately involved in the inflammatory response and to function in part to restore hemostatic balance. To begin to delineate what role APC may have in the inflammatory response, we have investigated the effect of APC on the production of the proinflammatory cytokines IL-6 and IL-8 in primary HUVEC, human microvascular endothelial cells, and human coronary artery endothelial cells. Our results have demonstrated that physiologic concentrations of APC significantly up-regulated the production of both IL-6 and IL-8. This increase, which was seen at both the RNA and protein level, was not due to either thrombin or LPS contamination of the APC preparation. Additional studies also showed that the APC-mediated up-regulation of IL-6 and IL-8 was IL-1 independent. Although neither purified protein C nor protein S alone had an effect on cytokine production, protein S, the cofactor for APC, significantly enhanced the ability of APC to up-regulate IL-6/IL-8 production. These results provide further evidence for a role for APC in the inflammatory response. JF - Journal of immunology (Baltimore, Md. : 1950) AU - Hooper, W C AU - Phillips, D J AU - Renshaw, M A AU - Evatt, B L AU - Benson, J M AD - Hematologic Diseases Branch, National Center for Infectious Diseases, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA 30333, USA. WOH1@CDC.C-OV Y1 - 1998/09/01/ PY - 1998 DA - 1998 Sep 01 SP - 2567 EP - 2573 VL - 161 IS - 5 SN - 0022-1767, 0022-1767 KW - Interleukin-6 KW - 0 KW - Interleukin-8 KW - Protein C KW - Protein S KW - Isoflurophate KW - 12UHW9R67N KW - Aprotinin KW - 9087-70-1 KW - Abridged Index Medicus KW - Index Medicus KW - Coronary Vessels -- immunology KW - Coronary Vessels -- metabolism KW - Electrophoresis, Polyacrylamide Gel KW - Humans KW - Aprotinin -- pharmacology KW - Coronary Vessels -- drug effects KW - Coronary Vessels -- cytology KW - Microcirculation -- drug effects KW - Cells, Cultured KW - Microcirculation -- cytology KW - Enzyme Activation -- drug effects KW - Protein S -- biosynthesis KW - Isoflurophate -- pharmacology KW - Drug Synergism KW - Enzyme Activation -- immunology KW - Protein C -- metabolism KW - Endothelium, Vascular -- metabolism KW - Endothelium, Vascular -- drug effects KW - Endothelium, Vascular -- cytology KW - Up-Regulation -- drug effects KW - Interleukin-6 -- metabolism KW - Protein C -- antagonists & inhibitors KW - Up-Regulation -- immunology KW - Interleukin-8 -- metabolism KW - Endothelium, Vascular -- immunology KW - Protein C -- pharmacology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/73865633?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+immunology+%28Baltimore%2C+Md.+%3A+1950%29&rft.atitle=The+up-regulation+of+IL-6+and+IL-8+in+human+endothelial+cells+by+activated+protein+C.&rft.au=Hooper%2C+W+C%3BPhillips%2C+D+J%3BRenshaw%2C+M+A%3BEvatt%2C+B+L%3BBenson%2C+J+M&rft.aulast=Hooper&rft.aufirst=W&rft.date=1998-09-01&rft.volume=161&rft.issue=5&rft.spage=2567&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+immunology+%28Baltimore%2C+Md.+%3A+1950%29&rft.issn=00221767&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1998-09-10 N1 - Date created - 1998-09-10 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - ATSDR evaluation of health effects of chemicals. V. Xylenes: health effects, toxicokinetics, human exposure, and environmental fate. AN - 69987418; 9782568 AB - Xylenes, or dimethylbenzenes, are among the highest-volume chemicals in production. Common uses are for gasoline blending, as a solvent or component in a wide variety of products from paints to printing ink, and in the production of phthalates and polyester. They are often encountered as a mixture of the three dimethyl isomers, together with ethylbenzene. As part of its mandate, the Agency for Toxic Substances and Disease Registry (ATSDR) prepares toxicological profiles on hazardous chemicals found at Comprehensive Environmental Response, Compensation, and Liability Act (CERCLA) National Priorities List (NPL) sites that are of greatest concern for public health purposes. These profiles comprehensively summarize toxicological and environmental information. This article constitutes the release of the bulk of this profile (ATSDR, 1995) into the mainstream scientific literature. An extensive listing of known human and animal health effects, organized by route, duration, and end point, is presented. Toxicological information on toxicokinetics, biomarkers, interactions, sensitive subpopulations, reducing toxicity after exposure, and relevance to public health is also included. Environmental information encompasses physical properties, production and use, environmental fate, levels seen in the environment, analytical methods, and a listing of regulations. ATSDR, as mandated by CERCLA (or Superfund), prepares these profiles to inform and assist the public. JF - Toxicology and industrial health AU - Fay, M AU - Eisenmann, C AU - Diwan, S AU - de Rosa, C AD - Agency for Toxic Substances and Disease Registry, Public Health Service, U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, Atlanta, Georgia 30333, USA. rmf4@cdc.gov PY - 1998 SP - 571 EP - 781 VL - 14 IS - 5 SN - 0748-2337, 0748-2337 KW - Environmental Pollutants KW - 0 KW - Xylenes KW - Index Medicus KW - United States KW - Registries KW - Environmental Monitoring KW - Animals KW - Public Health KW - No-Observed-Adverse-Effect Level KW - Humans KW - United States Dept. of Health and Human Services KW - Xylenes -- toxicity KW - Xylenes -- adverse effects KW - Environmental Pollutants -- toxicity KW - Xylenes -- pharmacokinetics KW - Environmental Exposure -- standards KW - Environmental Pollutants -- pharmacokinetics KW - Environmental Pollutants -- adverse effects UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/69987418?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Toxicology+and+industrial+health&rft.atitle=ATSDR+evaluation+of+health+effects+of+chemicals.+V.+Xylenes%3A+health+effects%2C+toxicokinetics%2C+human+exposure%2C+and+environmental+fate.&rft.au=Fay%2C+M%3BEisenmann%2C+C%3BDiwan%2C+S%3Bde+Rosa%2C+C&rft.aulast=Fay&rft.aufirst=M&rft.date=1998-09-01&rft.volume=14&rft.issue=5&rft.spage=571&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Toxicology+and+industrial+health&rft.issn=07482337&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1998-11-30 N1 - Date created - 1998-11-30 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - The costs of healthcare worker respiratory protection and fit-testing programs. AN - 69971338; 9778158 AB - We studied hospital costs associated with healthcare worker (HCW) respiratory protection and respirator fit-testing programs recommended by the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) and mandated by the Occupational Safety and Health Administration to decrease nosocomial or occupational Mycobacterium tuberculosis (TB). The number and cost of high-efficiency particulate air (HEPA)-filter and dust-mist (DM) respirators for 1989 to 1994 were obtained from study hospital purchasing departments, and the costs of HCW fit-testing and education programs for 1994 were estimated from information provided by infection control practitioners. Costs of N-class respirator programs were estimated for study hospitals using retrospective cost analysis and an observational study. Four urban hospitals with, and one rural community hospital without, documented nosocomial or occupational transmission of multidrug-resistant TB. During the study period, four of five hospitals introduced HEPA and DM respirators and respirator education and fit-testing programs. Median costs in 1994 were $83,900 (range, $2,000-$223,000) for respirators and $17,187 (range, $8,736-$26,175) for respiratory fit-testing programs. The projected median annual cost of N95 respirators was $62,023 (range, $270-$422,526). Compliance with CDC TB guidelines may require a substantial investment. However, outlays for respirators and education and fit-testing programs are more reasonable than would be suggested by analyses that estimated the costs of preventing one case of nosocomial TB. JF - Infection control and hospital epidemiology AU - Kellerman, S E AU - Tokars, J I AU - Jarvis, W R AD - Hospital Infections Program, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA 30333, USA. sek0@cdc.gov Y1 - 1998/09// PY - 1998 DA - September 1998 SP - 629 EP - 634 VL - 19 IS - 9 SN - 0899-823X, 0899-823X KW - Index Medicus KW - Nursing KW - Occupational Health Services -- economics KW - New York City KW - Disease Outbreaks -- economics KW - Disease Outbreaks -- prevention & control KW - Humans KW - Retrospective Studies KW - Hospitals, Urban -- economics KW - Equipment and Supplies, Hospital -- economics KW - Nebraska KW - Florida KW - Hospitals, Rural -- economics KW - Cross Infection -- prevention & control KW - Respiratory Protective Devices -- economics KW - Occupational Exposure -- prevention & control KW - Infection Control -- economics KW - Hospital Costs -- statistics & numerical data KW - Infection Control -- methods KW - Personnel, Hospital -- education KW - Tuberculosis, Pulmonary -- prevention & control KW - Purchasing, Hospital -- statistics & numerical data KW - Purchasing, Hospital -- economics KW - Inservice Training -- economics UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/69971338?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Infection+control+and+hospital+epidemiology&rft.atitle=The+costs+of+healthcare+worker+respiratory+protection+and+fit-testing+programs.&rft.au=Kellerman%2C+S+E%3BTokars%2C+J+I%3BJarvis%2C+W+R&rft.aulast=Kellerman&rft.aufirst=S&rft.date=1998-09-01&rft.volume=19&rft.issue=9&rft.spage=629&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Infection+control+and+hospital+epidemiology&rft.issn=0899823X&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1998-12-15 N1 - Date created - 1998-12-15 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - SuppNotes - Comment In: Infect Control Hosp Epidemiol. 1998 Sep;19(9):626-8 [9778157] N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Effect of environmental temperature on the interactive developmental toxicity of radiofrequency radiation and 2-methoxyethanol in rats. AN - 69949567; 9766915 AB - This research was conducted to determine if altered environmental temperatures would affect the interactive developmental toxicity of radiofrequency (RF) radiation and the industrial solvent, 2-methoxyethanol (2ME). This is important because RF radiation is used in a variety of workplaces that have poorly controlled environmental temperatures, and many workers are concurrently exposed to various chemicals. Furthermore, we have previously demonstrated that combined exposure to RF radiation (10 MHz) and 2ME produces enhanced teratogenicity in rats. RF radiation sufficient to maintain colonic temperatures at the control value (38degrees ), 39.0degrees or 40.0 degrees C for 2 or 4 h combined with either 0 or 100 mg/ kg 2ME at environmental temperatures of 18 degrees , 24 degrees and 30 degrees C (65 degrees , 75 degrees , and 85 degrees F) were given on gestation day 13 to Sprague-Dawley rats. Dams were killed on gestation day 20, and the fetuses were examined for external malformations. Environmental temperature does affect the specific absorption rate (SAR) necessary to maintain a specific colonic temperature but does not affect the interactive developmental toxicity of RF radiation and 2ME in rats. These results, consistent with the literature, add to the evidence that the developmental toxicity of RF radiation (combined or alone) is associated with colonic temperature, not with SAR. JF - International archives of occupational and environmental health AU - Nelson, B K AU - Conover, D L AU - Krieg, E F AU - Snyder, D L AU - Edwards, R M AD - NIOSH C-24, Cincinnati, OH 45226, USA. bkn1@cdc.gov Y1 - 1998/09// PY - 1998 DA - September 1998 SP - 413 EP - 423 VL - 71 IS - 6 SN - 0340-0131, 0340-0131 KW - Ethylene Glycols KW - 0 KW - Teratogens KW - methyl cellosolve KW - EK1L6XWI56 KW - Index Medicus KW - Rats KW - Animals KW - Rats, Sprague-Dawley KW - Body Temperature KW - Occupational Exposure -- adverse effects KW - Disease Models, Animal KW - Intestinal Absorption -- drug effects KW - Male KW - Female KW - Intestinal Absorption -- radiation effects KW - Ethylene Glycols -- toxicity KW - Temperature KW - Teratogens -- toxicity KW - Abnormalities, Drug-Induced -- etiology KW - Environmental Exposure -- adverse effects KW - Abnormalities, Radiation-Induced -- etiology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/69949567?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=International+archives+of+occupational+and+environmental+health&rft.atitle=Effect+of+environmental+temperature+on+the+interactive+developmental+toxicity+of+radiofrequency+radiation+and+2-methoxyethanol+in+rats.&rft.au=Nelson%2C+B+K%3BConover%2C+D+L%3BKrieg%2C+E+F%3BSnyder%2C+D+L%3BEdwards%2C+R+M&rft.aulast=Nelson&rft.aufirst=B&rft.date=1998-09-01&rft.volume=71&rft.issue=6&rft.spage=413&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=International+archives+of+occupational+and+environmental+health&rft.issn=03400131&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1998-12-10 N1 - Date created - 1998-12-10 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - HIV Infection in Disadvantaged Out-of-School Youth: Prevalence for U.S. Job Corps Entrants, 1990 through 1996 AN - 17294165; 4564948 AB - To describe HIV infection prevalence and prevalence trends for disadvantaged out-of-school youth in the United States, we analyzed the HIV prevalence for and demographic characteristics of youth, aged 16 through 21 years, who entered the U.S. Job Corps from January 1990 through December 1996. Job Corps is a federally funded jobs training program for socially and economically disadvantaged out-of-school youth. All 357,443 entrants residing at Job Corps centers during their training were tested for HIV infection; 822 (2.3 per 1000) were HIV-positive. HIV prevalence was higher for women than for men (2.8 per 1000 versus 2.0 per 1000; relative risk [RR] = 1.4; 95% confidence interval [CI] = 1.2-1.6). Among racial/ethnic groups, prevalence was highest for African Americans (3.8 per 1000). Prevalence was higher for African American women (4.9 per 1000) than for any other gender and racial/ethnic group. From 1990 through 1996, standardized HIV prevalence--stratified by age, race/ethnicity, home region, population of home metropolitan statistical area, and year of entry--declined for women and for men: for women, from 4.1 per 1000 in 1990 to 2.1 per 1000 in 1996 (p = .001); and for men, from 2.8 per 1000 in 1990 to 1.4 per 1000 in 1996 (p = .001). These data suggest that HIV prevalence for disadvantaged out-of-school youth declined from 1990 through 1996. However, considering their youth, prevalence was still high, particularly for women and African Americans, most notably African American women. These data support the need for ongoing HIV prevention programs targeting such youth. JF - Journal of Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndromes and Human Retrovirology AU - Valleroy, LA AU - MacKellar, DA AU - Karon, J M AU - Janssen, R S AU - Hayman, C R AD - Prevention Services Research Branch, Division of HIV/AIDS Prevention--Epidemiology and Surveillance, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Mail Stop E-46, 1600 Clifton Road, Atlanta, GA 30333, USA, lav0@cdc.gov Y1 - 1998/09// PY - 1998 DA - Sep 1998 SP - 67 EP - 73 VL - 19 IS - 1 SN - 1077-9450, 1077-9450 KW - HIV KW - USA KW - population studies KW - Virology & AIDS Abstracts; Health & Safety Science Abstracts KW - Population studies KW - Socioeconomics KW - Social aspects KW - Epidemiology KW - Human immunodeficiency virus KW - H 11000:Diseases/Injuries/Trauma KW - V 22005:AIDS: Epidemiological aspects UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/17294165?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Ahealthsafetyabstracts&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Acquired+Immune+Deficiency+Syndromes+and+Human+Retrovirology&rft.atitle=HIV+Infection+in+Disadvantaged+Out-of-School+Youth%3A+Prevalence+for+U.S.+Job+Corps+Entrants%2C+1990+through+1996&rft.au=Valleroy%2C+LA%3BMacKellar%2C+DA%3BKaron%2C+J+M%3BJanssen%2C+R+S%3BHayman%2C+C+R&rft.aulast=Valleroy&rft.aufirst=LA&rft.date=1998-09-01&rft.volume=19&rft.issue=1&rft.spage=67&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+Acquired+Immune+Deficiency+Syndromes+and+Human+Retrovirology&rft.issn=10779450&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Human immunodeficiency virus; USA; Socioeconomics; Population studies; Epidemiology; Social aspects ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Safety of Mefloquine and Other Antimalarial Agents in the First Trimester of Pregnancy AN - 17192547; 4483756 AB - Safe and effective antimalarials are required to protect pregnant women from the harmful effects of malaria. Data were collected from two separate prospective cohorts to ascertain the safety of chloroquine-proguanil, sulfadoxine-pyrimethamine (SP), and mefloquine taken in the first trimester of pregnancy. In a traveler cohort of 236 pregnant women, spontaneous abortions were reported in 7.6% of 99 women taking chloroquine-proquanil, 0% of 19 taking sulfadoxine-pyrimethamine, and 9.1% of 118 women taking mefloquine. Anomalies were identified in 1.7%, 0% and 0% of the same cohort, respectively. Differences in rates of adverse outcomes between the three groups were not statistically significant. In a pharmaceutical database of 331 and 153 women exposed to mefloquine and SP, respectively, the overall rate of abnormal outcomes (spontaneous abortions plus fetal anomalies) was not significantly different (p = .29). Spontaneous abortions were significantly higher with mefloquine than SP (9.1% and 2.6%, respectively; p = .01), but the higher rate was comparable to background rates (7%-11%). Fetal anomalies in the mefloquine group (4.8%) were lower than the SP group (7.8%), but this was statistically not significant (p = .19), and was comparable with the background rate of 4.6% (p = .84). However, mefloquine exposure resulted in a significantly higher rate of therapeutically induced abortions, undertaken for perceived risk to the fetus, compared with SP (p < .0001). From the clinical data available, there is no indication that the risk of taking mefloquine in the first trimester of pregnancy is greater than that from any of the other antimalarials studied and the risk is considerably lower than that associated with falciparum malaria. JF - Journal of Travel Medicine AU - Phillips-Howard, P A AU - Steffen, R AU - Kerr, L AU - Vanhauwere, B AU - Schildknecht, J AU - Fuchs, E AU - Edwards, R AD - CDC/KEMRI, PO Box 1578, Kisumu, Kenya Y1 - 1998/09// PY - 1998 DA - Sep 1998 SP - 121 EP - 126 VL - 5 IS - 3 KW - antimalarial agents KW - mefloquine KW - Health & Safety Science Abstracts KW - Risk assessment KW - Abortion KW - Pregnancy KW - H 4000:Food and Drugs UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/17192547?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Ahealthsafetyabstracts&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Travel+Medicine&rft.atitle=Safety+of+Mefloquine+and+Other+Antimalarial+Agents+in+the+First+Trimester+of+Pregnancy&rft.au=Phillips-Howard%2C+P+A%3BSteffen%2C+R%3BKerr%2C+L%3BVanhauwere%2C+B%3BSchildknecht%2C+J%3BFuchs%2C+E%3BEdwards%2C+R&rft.aulast=Phillips-Howard&rft.aufirst=P&rft.date=1998-09-01&rft.volume=5&rft.issue=3&rft.spage=121&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+Travel+Medicine&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Pregnancy; Abortion; Risk assessment ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Diesel exhaust and lung cancer in the trucking industry: Exposure-Response analyses and risk assessment AN - 17105903; 4415864 AB - Background Diesel exhaust is considered a probable human carcinogen by the International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC). The epidemiologic evidence rests on studies of lung cancer among truck drivers, bus drivers, shipyard workers, and railroad workers. The general public is exposed to diesel exhaust in ambient air. Two regulatory agencies are now considering regulating levels of diesel exhaust: the California EPA (ambient levels) and the Mine Safety Health Administration (MSHA) (occupational levels). To date, there have been few quantitative exposure-response analyses of diesel exhaust and lung cancer based on human data. Methods We conducted exposure-response analyses among workers in the trucking industry, adjusted for smoking. Diesel exhaust exposure was estimated based on a 1990 industrial hygiene survey. Past exposures were estimated assuming that they were a function of 1) the number of heavy duty trucks on the road, 2) the particulate emissions (grams/mile) of diesel engines over time, and 3) leaks from trucks' exhaust systems for long-haul drivers. Results Regardless of assumptions about past exposure, all analyses resulted in significant positive trends in lung cancer risk with increasing cumulative exposure. A male truck driver exposed to 5 mu g/m super(3) of elemental carbon (a typical exposure in 1990, approximately five times urban background levels) would have a lifetime excess risk of lung cancer of 1-2%, above a background risk of 5%. Conclusions We found a lifetime excess risk ten times higher than the 1 per 1,000 excess risk allowed by OSHA in setting regulations. There are about 2.8 million truck drivers in the U.S. Our results depend on estimates about unknown past exposures, and should be viewed as exploratory. They conform reasonably well to recent estimates for diesel-exposed railroad workers done by the California EPA, although those results themselves have been disputed. JF - American Journal of Industrial Medicine AU - Steenland, K AU - Deddens, J AU - Stayner, L AD - NIOSH, 4676 Columbia Parkway, Cin, OH 45226, USA, knsl@cdc.gov Y1 - 1998/09// PY - 1998 DA - Sep 1998 SP - 220 EP - 228 VL - 34 IS - 3 SN - 0271-3586, 0271-3586 KW - diesel KW - man KW - trucking industry KW - Risk Abstracts; Health & Safety Science Abstracts; Toxicology Abstracts KW - Motor vehicles KW - Exhaust emissions KW - Diesel engines KW - Risk assessment KW - Particulate pollution KW - Government regulations KW - Carcinogenicity KW - Dose-response effects KW - Occupational exposure KW - Lung cancer KW - Cancer KW - Lung KW - R2 23080:Industrial and labor KW - H 1000:Occupational Safety and Health KW - X 24152:Chronic exposure UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/17105903?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Ariskabstracts&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=American+Journal+of+Industrial+Medicine&rft.atitle=Diesel+exhaust+and+lung+cancer+in+the+trucking+industry%3A+Exposure-Response+analyses+and+risk+assessment&rft.au=Steenland%2C+K%3BDeddens%2C+J%3BStayner%2C+L&rft.aulast=Steenland&rft.aufirst=K&rft.date=1998-09-01&rft.volume=34&rft.issue=3&rft.spage=220&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=American+Journal+of+Industrial+Medicine&rft.issn=02713586&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Carcinogenicity; Risk assessment; Dose-response effects; Motor vehicles; Exhaust emissions; Diesel engines; Lung cancer; Occupational exposure; Lung; Government regulations; Cancer; Particulate pollution ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Predicted lung cancer risk among miners exposed to diesel exhaust particles AN - 17105293; 4415863 AB - Several quantitative risk assessment models have been published for occupational and environmental exposures to diesel exhaust particles (DEP). These risk assessment models are reviewed and applied to predict lung cancer risks for miners exposed to DEP. The toxicologically based unit risk estimates varied widely (from 2 to 220 x 10 super(-6) per mu g/m super(3)). The epidemiologically based unit risk estimates were less variable and suggest higher risks (from 100 to 920 x 10 super(-6) per mu g/m super(3)). The wide range of risk estimates derived from these analyses reflects the strong assumptions and large uncertainties underlying these models. All of the models suggest relatively high risks (i.e., >1/1,000) for miners with long-term exposures greater than 1,000 mu g/m super(3). This is not surprising, given the fact that miners may be exposed to DEP concentrations similar to those that induced lung cancer in rats and mice, and substantially higher than the exposure concentrations in the positive epidemiologic studies. JF - American Journal of Industrial Medicine AU - Stayner, L AU - Dankovic, D AU - Smith, R AU - Steenland, K AD - National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, Robert Taft Laboratories C14, 4676 Columbia Parkway, Cincinnati, OH 45226, USA, Its2@cdc.gov Y1 - 1998/09// PY - 1998 DA - Sep 1998 SP - 207 EP - 219 VL - 34 IS - 3 SN - 0271-3586, 0271-3586 KW - diesel KW - epidemiology KW - man KW - Risk Abstracts; Health & Safety Science Abstracts; Toxicology Abstracts KW - Risk assessment KW - Particulate pollution KW - Occupational exposure KW - Lung cancer KW - Exhaust emissions KW - Cancer KW - Lung KW - Mining KW - Diesel engines KW - R2 23080:Industrial and labor KW - H 1000:Occupational Safety and Health KW - X 24152:Chronic exposure UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/17105293?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Ariskabstracts&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=American+Journal+of+Industrial+Medicine&rft.atitle=Predicted+lung+cancer+risk+among+miners+exposed+to+diesel+exhaust+particles&rft.au=Stayner%2C+L%3BDankovic%2C+D%3BSmith%2C+R%3BSteenland%2C+K&rft.aulast=Stayner&rft.aufirst=L&rft.date=1998-09-01&rft.volume=34&rft.issue=3&rft.spage=207&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=American+Journal+of+Industrial+Medicine&rft.issn=02713586&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Risk assessment; Exhaust emissions; Diesel engines; Lung cancer; Occupational exposure; Mining; Lung; Cancer; Particulate pollution ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Detection of Tn917-like sequences within a Tn916-like conjugative transposon (Tn3872) in erythromycin-resistant isolates of Streptococcus pneumoniae AN - 17101169; 4414879 AB - A series of macrolide-lincosamide-streptogramin B (MLS)-resistant pneumococcal isolates of a variety of serotypes was examined and was found to contain Tn917-like elements by DNA-DNA hybridization. Like Tn1545, Tn917 also encodes an ermAM gene but does not mediate resistance to other antimicrobial agents. Furthermore, nucleotide sequence analyses of the DNAs flanking three of the Tn917-like elements revealed that they were inserted into orf9 of a Tn916-like element in a composite transposon-like structure (Tn3872). Other MLS-resistant strains appeared to contain Tn1545-like elements that had suffered a deletion of sequences including the aphA-3 sequences responsible for kanamycin resistance. Thus, the MLS resistance phenotype in pneumococci appears to be mediated by the ermAM present on a much wider variety of genetic elements than was previously appreciated. JF - Antimicrobial Agents & Chemotherapy AU - McDougal, L K AU - Tenover, F C AU - Lee, L N AU - Rasheed, J K AU - Patterson, JE AU - Jorgensen, J H AU - Le Blanc, DJ AD - Nosocomial Pathogens Laboratory Branch (G08), Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, 1600 Clifton Rd., Atlanta, GA 30333, USA, FNT1@CDC.GOV Y1 - 1998/09// PY - 1998 DA - Sep 1998 SP - 2312 EP - 2318 VL - 42 IS - 9 SN - 0066-4804, 0066-4804 KW - aphA gene KW - aphA-3 gene KW - ermAM gene KW - erythromycin KW - kanamycin KW - mikamycin KW - nucleotide sequence KW - orf9 gene KW - streptogamin B KW - transposon Tn1545 KW - transposon Tn3872 KW - transposon Tn916 KW - transposon Tn917 KW - Biochemistry Abstracts 2: Nucleic Acids; Microbiology Abstracts B: Bacteriology KW - Clinical isolates KW - Nucleotide sequence KW - Kanamycin KW - Macrolide antibiotics KW - Hybridization analysis KW - Streptococcus pneumoniae KW - Antibiotic resistance KW - lincosamides KW - N 14675:Transposition KW - J 02795:Antibiotic resistance UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/17101169?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologyb&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Antimicrobial+Agents+%26+Chemotherapy&rft.atitle=Detection+of+Tn917-like+sequences+within+a+Tn916-like+conjugative+transposon+%28Tn3872%29+in+erythromycin-resistant+isolates+of+Streptococcus+pneumoniae&rft.au=McDougal%2C+L+K%3BTenover%2C+F+C%3BLee%2C+L+N%3BRasheed%2C+J+K%3BPatterson%2C+JE%3BJorgensen%2C+J+H%3BLe+Blanc%2C+DJ&rft.aulast=McDougal&rft.aufirst=L&rft.date=1998-09-01&rft.volume=42&rft.issue=9&rft.spage=2312&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Antimicrobial+Agents+%26+Chemotherapy&rft.issn=00664804&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Streptococcus pneumoniae; Nucleotide sequence; lincosamides; Hybridization analysis; Antibiotic resistance; Kanamycin; Macrolide antibiotics; Clinical isolates ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Comparison of NucliSens and Amplicor Monitor assays for quantification of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HTV-1) RNA in plasma of persons with HIV-1 subtype A infection in Abidjan, Cote d'Ivoire AN - 16527270; 4416125 AB - We compared the sensitivity and accuracy of the NucliSens assay and those of both the standard and modified (addition of a new primer set, primer mix 1, supplied by Roche) Amplicor HIV Monitor assays to quantify human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) RNA in persons infected with HIV-1 subtype A in Abidjan, Cote d'Ivoire. Seventy-one plasma samples from HIV-1-seropositive persons at different stages of HIV infection and 15 samples from HIV antibody-negative persons were analyzed. The HIV-1 genetic subtype was determined either by DNA sequencing or by a restriction fragment length polymorphism assay. Of the 71 samples, 70 (98%) were subtype A and 1 was subtype G. Of the 70 subtype A samples, the proportion of RNA-positive plasma samples and mean HIV-1 RNA levels were significantly higher by the modified HIV Monitor assay (n = 67 [96%]; mean RNA levels, 5.2 log sub(10) HIV-1 RNA copies/ml) than the NucliSens assay (n = 56 [80%]; 4.3 log sub(10) HIV-1 RNA copies/ml) or the standard HIV Monitor assay (n = 44 [63%]; mean RNA levels, 3.8 log sub(10) HIV-1 RNA copies/ml) (all P values were <0.05). The HIV-1 RNA levels by the modified HIV Monitor assay correlated significantly with those by the NucliSens assay (r = 0.76; P < 0.001) and the standard HIV Monitor assay (r = 0.57; P < 0.001), as did the RNA levels by the NucliSens and the standard HIV Monitor assays (r = 0.60; P < 0.001). Lower CD4 cell counts were significantly correlated with higher HIV-1 RNA levels by all three assays (r = -0.47 for the NucliSens assay, -0.45 for the standard HIV Monitor assay, and -0.62 for the modified HIV Monitor assay). These results indicate that the modified HIV Monitor assay has the highest sensitivity and efficiency at quantifying the levels of RNA in persons infected with HIV-1 subtype A and thus constitutes a valuable tool for the monitoring of RNA levels in areas of Africa were HIV-1 subtype A is predominant. JF - Journal of Clinical Microbiology AU - Nkengasong, J N AU - Kalou, M AU - Maurice, Ch AU - Bile, C AU - Borget, M-Y AU - Koblavi, S AU - Boateng, E AU - Sassan-Morokro, M AU - Anatole-Ehounou, E AU - Ghys, P AU - Greenberg, A E AD - Project RETRO-CI, Virology Laboratory, BP 1712, 01 Abidjan, Cote d'Ivoire, jcn5@cdc.gov Y1 - 1998/09// PY - 1998 DA - Sep 1998 SP - 2495 EP - 2498 VL - 36 IS - 9 SN - 0095-1137, 0095-1137 KW - Cote d'Ivoire KW - Microbiology Abstracts A: Industrial & Applied Microbiology; Virology & AIDS Abstracts KW - V 22002:AIDS: Molecular and in vitro aspects KW - A 01114:Viruses UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16527270?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologya&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Clinical+Microbiology&rft.atitle=Comparison+of+NucliSens+and+Amplicor+Monitor+assays+for+quantification+of+human+immunodeficiency+virus+type+1+%28HTV-1%29+RNA+in+plasma+of+persons+with+HIV-1+subtype+A+infection+in+Abidjan%2C+Cote+d%27Ivoire&rft.au=Nkengasong%2C+J+N%3BKalou%2C+M%3BMaurice%2C+Ch%3BBile%2C+C%3BBorget%2C+M-Y%3BKoblavi%2C+S%3BBoateng%2C+E%3BSassan-Morokro%2C+M%3BAnatole-Ehounou%2C+E%3BGhys%2C+P%3BGreenberg%2C+A+E&rft.aulast=Nkengasong&rft.aufirst=J&rft.date=1998-09-01&rft.volume=36&rft.issue=9&rft.spage=2495&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+Clinical+Microbiology&rft.issn=00951137&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Ciguatera fish poisoning--Texas, 1997. AN - 73871205; 9733416 AB - On October 21, 1997, the Southeast Texas Poison Center was contacted by a local physician requesting information about treatment for crew members of a cargo ship docked in Freeport, Texas, who were ill with nausea, vomiting, diarrhea, and muscle weakness. This report summarizes an investigation of this outbreak by the Texas Department of Health (TDH), which indicated that 17 crew members experienced ciguatera fish poisoning resulting from eating a contaminated barracuda. JF - MMWR. Morbidity and mortality weekly report AU - Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) AD - Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) Y1 - 1998/08/28/ PY - 1998 DA - 1998 Aug 28 SP - 692 EP - 694 VL - 47 IS - 33 SN - 0149-2195, 0149-2195 KW - Index Medicus KW - Foodborne Diseases -- epidemiology KW - Texas -- epidemiology KW - Humans KW - Foodborne Diseases -- etiology KW - Disease Outbreaks KW - Seafood -- poisoning KW - Ciguatera Poisoning UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/73871205?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=MMWR.+Morbidity+and+mortality+weekly+report&rft.atitle=Ciguatera+fish+poisoning--Texas%2C+1997.&rft.au=Centers+for+Disease+Control+and+Prevention+%28CDC%29&rft.aulast=Centers+for+Disease+Control+and+Prevention+%28CDC%29&rft.aufirst=&rft.date=1998-08-28&rft.volume=47&rft.issue=33&rft.spage=692&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=MMWR.+Morbidity+and+mortality+weekly+report&rft.issn=01492195&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1998-09-11 N1 - Date created - 1998-09-11 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Youth risk behavior surveillance--United States, 1997. AN - 73885098; 9719790 AB - Priority health-risk behaviors, which contribute to the leading causes of mortality and morbidity among youth and adults, often are established during youth, extend into adulthood, and are interrelated. February-May 1997. The Youth Risk Behavior Surveillance System (YRBSS) monitors six categories of priority health-risk behaviors among youth and young adults--behaviors that contribute to unintentional and intentional injuries; tobacco use; alcohol and other drug use; sexual behaviors that contribute to unintended pregnancy and sexually transmitted diseases (STDs) (including human immunodeficiency virus [HIV] infection); unhealthy dietary behaviors; and physical inactivity. The YRBSS includes a national school-based survey conducted by CDC as well as state, territorial, and local school-based surveys conducted by education and health agencies. This report summarizes results from the national survey, 33 state surveys, 3 territorial surveys, and 17 local surveys conducted among high school students from February through May 1997. In the United States, 73% of all deaths among youth and young adults 10-24 years of age result from only four causes: motor vehicle crashes, other unintentional injuries, homicide, and suicide. Results from the national 1997 YRBSS demonstrate that many high school students engage in behaviors that increase their likelihood of death from these four causes--19.3% had rarely or never worn a seat belt; during the 30 days preceding the survey, 36.6% had ridden with a driver who had been drinking alcohol; 18.3% had carried a weapon during the 30 days preceding the survey; 50.8% had drunk alcohol during the 30 days preceding the survey; 26.2% had used marijuana during the 30 days preceding the survey; and 7.7% had attempted suicide during the 12 months preceding the survey. Substantial morbidity among school-age youth, young adults, and their children also result from unintended pregnancies and STDs, including HIV infection. YRBSS results indicate that in 1997, 48.4% of high school students had ever had sexual intercourse; 43.2% of sexually active students had not used a condom at last sexual intercourse; and 2.1% had ever injected an illegal drug. Of all deaths and substantial morbidity among adults > or = 25 years of age, 67% result from two causes--cardiovascular disease and cancer. Most of the risk behaviors associated with these causes of death are initiated during adolescence. In 1997, 36.4% of high school students had smoked cigarettes during the 30 days preceding the survey; 70.7% had not eaten five or more servings of fruits and vegetables during the day preceding the survey; and 72.6% had not attended physical education class daily. These YRBSS data are already being used by health and education officials to improve national, state, and local policies and programs to reduce risks associated with the leading causes of morbidity and mortality. YRBSS data also are being used to measure progress toward achieving 21 national health objectives and 1 of the 8 National Education Goals. JF - MMWR. CDC surveillance summaries : Morbidity and mortality weekly report. CDC surveillance summaries AU - Kann, L AU - Kinchen, S A AU - Williams, B I AU - Ross, J G AU - Lowry, R AU - Hill, C V AU - Grunbaum, J A AU - Blumson, P S AU - Collins, J L AU - Kolbe, L J AD - National Center for Chronic Disease Prevention and Health Promotion, CDC, Atlanta, Georgia, USA. Y1 - 1998/08/14/ PY - 1998 DA - 1998 Aug 14 SP - 1 EP - 89 VL - 47 IS - 3 KW - Index Medicus KW - AIDS/HIV KW - Violence -- statistics & numerical data KW - Humans KW - Mortality -- trends KW - Smoking -- epidemiology KW - Population Surveillance KW - Schools KW - Sampling Studies KW - Health Behavior KW - Diet KW - Adolescent KW - United States -- epidemiology KW - Female KW - Male KW - Substance-Related Disorders -- epidemiology KW - Accidents -- statistics & numerical data KW - Sexual Behavior -- statistics & numerical data KW - Adolescent Behavior KW - Risk-Taking UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/73885098?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=MMWR.+CDC+surveillance+summaries+%3A+Morbidity+and+mortality+weekly+report.+CDC+surveillance+summaries&rft.atitle=Youth+risk+behavior+surveillance--United+States%2C+1997.&rft.au=Kann%2C+L%3BKinchen%2C+S+A%3BWilliams%2C+B+I%3BRoss%2C+J+G%3BLowry%2C+R%3BHill%2C+C+V%3BGrunbaum%2C+J+A%3BBlumson%2C+P+S%3BCollins%2C+J+L%3BKolbe%2C+L+J&rft.aulast=Kann&rft.aufirst=L&rft.date=1998-08-14&rft.volume=47&rft.issue=3&rft.spage=1&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=MMWR.+CDC+surveillance+summaries+%3A+Morbidity+and+mortality+weekly+report.+CDC+surveillance+summaries&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1998-09-02 N1 - Date created - 1998-09-02 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Epidemiology studies in immunotoxicity evaluations AN - 17227403; 4511281 AB - Studies in humans designed to detect immunomodulation from exposure to xenobiotics present challenging problems to epidemiologists and immunotoxicologists. Exposed and control groups must be carefully selected, exposure to the xenobiotic must be sufficiently high and well-documented, and the referent group should be as similar as possible to the exposed. Immune markers/functional tests in an individual may be influenced by sunlight exposure, medication, illness and use of recreational drugs; all of these potential confounding factors must be addressed. Sample acquisition is usually performed at sites geographically distant from the controlled environment of an investigator's laboratory, yielding an assortment of new problems that would not occur in clinical or hospital situations. Regulations and guidelines concerning the transport of biological samples and potential hazards of HIV and HBV exposures to personnel must be adapted to field conditions. Since the application of immunotoxicological techniques to populations exposed to xenobiotics is relatively new, and the ability to measure an increasing number of immune biomarkers of activation, suppression, autoimmunity or hypersensitivity is rapidly expanding, there are difficulties in the interpretation of statistically positive results (sometimes within the normal range) and their potential health significance. Finally, both biological and methodological factors complicate the assessment of dose-response/concentration-effect relationships in human immunotoxicity studies, and traditional dose-response relationships may not always be present. JF - Toxicology AU - Biagini, R E AD - Department of Health and Human Services, Public Health Service, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, Division of Biomedical and Behavioral Sciences, 4676 Columbia Parkway, Cincinnati, OH, USA, reb4@cdc.gov Y1 - 1998/08/07/ PY - 1998 DA - 1998 Aug 07 SP - 37 EP - 54 VL - 129 IS - 1 SN - 0300-483X, 0300-483X KW - epidemiology KW - man KW - Toxicology Abstracts KW - Immunotoxicity KW - Xenobiotics KW - Toxicity testing KW - Immunomodulation KW - X 24221:Toxicity testing UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/17227403?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxicologyabstracts&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Toxicology&rft.atitle=Epidemiology+studies+in+immunotoxicity+evaluations&rft.au=Biagini%2C+R+E&rft.aulast=Biagini&rft.aufirst=R&rft.date=1998-08-07&rft.volume=129&rft.issue=1&rft.spage=37&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Toxicology&rft.issn=0300483X&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - SuppNotes - Special issue: 6th Summer School in immunotoxicology. N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Xenobiotics; Immunomodulation; Immunotoxicity; Toxicity testing ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Violence and threats of violence experienced by public health field-workers. AN - 80060971; 9701079 AB - Public health workers may work with clients whose behaviors are risks for both infectious disease and violence. To assess frequency of violent threats and incidents experienced by public health workers and risk factors associated with incidents. Anonymous, self-administered questionnaires. Texas sexually transmitted disease (STD), human immunodeficiency virus and acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (HIV/AIDS), and tuberculosis (TB) programs. Questionnaires were completed by 364 (95.5%) of 381 public health workers assigned to the programs. The STD program employed 131 workers (36%), the HIV/AIDS program, 121 workers (33%), and the TB program, 112 workers (31%). The frequencies with which workers had ever experienced (while on the job) verbal threats, weapon threats, physical attacks, and rape, and risk factors associated with those outcomes. A total of 139 (38%) of 364 workers reported 611 violent incidents. Verbal threats were reported by 136 workers (37%), weapon threats by 45 (12%), physical attacks by 14 (4%), and rape by 3 (1%). Five workers (1%) carried guns and/or knives while working. In multiple logistic regression, receipt of verbal threats was associated with worker's male sex (odds ratio [OR], 2.4; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.5-4.0), white ethnicity (OR, 2.4; 95% CI, 1.4-4.1), experience of 5 years or longer (OR, 2.2; 95% CI, 1.3-3.8), weekend work (OR, 1.8; 95% CI, 1.1-3.1), and sexual remarks made to the worker by clients (OR, 2.0; 95% CI, 1.2-3.5). Receipt of weapon threats was associated with worker's male sex (OR, 5.7; 95% CI, 2.4-15.3), white ethnicity (OR, 4.0; 95% CI, 1.8-9.3), age of 40 years or older (OR, 2.5; 95% CI, 1.1-5.8), work experience of 5 years or longer (OR, 2.7; 95% CI, 1.2-6.0), rural work (OR, 3.6; 95% CI, 1.3-10.1), being alone with the opposite sex (OR, 3.7; 95% CI, 1.6-9.7), and interaction with homeless clients (OR, 5.2; 95% CI, 1.7-18.8). Physical attacks were associated with sexual remarks made to the worker by clients (OR, 4.2; 95% CI, 1.4-13.9). No risk factors predicting rape were identified. Violence directed toward public field-workers is a common occupational hazard. An assessment of what situations, clients, and locations pose the risk of violence to public health workers is needed. JF - JAMA AU - Schulte, J M AU - Nolt, B J AU - Williams, R L AU - Spinks, C L AU - Hellsten, J J AD - Bureau of HIV/STD Prevention, Texas Department of Health, Austin, USA. JZS1@cdc.gov Y1 - 1998/08/05/ PY - 1998 DA - 1998 Aug 05 SP - 439 EP - 442 VL - 280 IS - 5 SN - 0098-7484, 0098-7484 KW - Abridged Index Medicus KW - Index Medicus KW - AIDS/HIV KW - Logistic Models KW - HIV Infections KW - Texas -- epidemiology KW - Risk Factors KW - Humans KW - Sexually Transmitted Diseases KW - Adult KW - Surveys and Questionnaires KW - Tuberculosis KW - Male KW - Female KW - Public Health Administration -- manpower KW - Occupational Exposure -- statistics & numerical data KW - Community Health Centers -- manpower KW - Violence -- statistics & numerical data KW - Community Health Centers -- statistics & numerical data KW - Allied Health Personnel -- statistics & numerical data UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/80060971?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=JAMA&rft.atitle=Violence+and+threats+of+violence+experienced+by+public+health+field-workers.&rft.au=Schulte%2C+J+M%3BNolt%2C+B+J%3BWilliams%2C+R+L%3BSpinks%2C+C+L%3BHellsten%2C+J+J&rft.aulast=Schulte&rft.aufirst=J&rft.date=1998-08-05&rft.volume=280&rft.issue=5&rft.spage=439&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=JAMA&rft.issn=00987484&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1998-08-19 N1 - Date created - 1998-08-19 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Homicide rates among US teenagers and young adults AN - 16551596; 4375375 AB - Context. - Homicide rates for persons 15 through 24 years old began to decline between 1993 and 1994, but recent trends in homicide rates by mechanism of homicide and urbanization group have not been described. Objective. - To examine homicide trends from 1987 through 1995 for persons 15 through 24 years old by urbanization level. Design. - Homicide rates by urbanization level were analyzed using the Compressed Mortality File, a county-level mortality and population database maintained by the National Center for Health Statistics, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, and the rural-urban continuum codes developed by the Economic Research Service, US Department of Agriculture. Setting. - United States, 1987 through 1995, according to 5 urbanization strata: core, counties with the primary central city of a metropolitan statistical area (MSA) of 1 million or more; fringe, remaining counties within an MSA of 1 million or more; medium, counties within an MSA of 250 000 to 999 999; small, counties in an MSA of less than 250 000; and nonmetropolitan, counties not in an MSA. Subjects. - All persons 15 through 24 years old by race whose cause of death was homicide (International Classification of Diseases, Ninth Revision codes E960-E969). Conclusions. - After increasing since 1987, firearm and nonfirearm homicide rates began declining between 1993 and 1995 among persons 15 through 24 years old. These declines are taking place across all urbanization strata and among white and black males and females. JF - Journal of the American Medical Association AU - Fingerhut, LA AU - Ingram, D D AU - Feldman, J J AD - Office of Analysis, Epidemiology, and Health Promotion, National Center for Health Statistics, 6525 Belcrest Rd., #750, Hyattsville, MD 20782, USA, LAF4@cdc.gov Y1 - 1998/08/05/ PY - 1998 DA - 1998 Aug 05 SP - 423 EP - 427 VL - 280 IS - 5 SN - 0098-7484, 0098-7484 KW - USA KW - homicide KW - Risk Abstracts; Health & Safety Science Abstracts KW - Historical account KW - Urbanization KW - Public health KW - Adolescents KW - Mortality KW - Violence KW - R2 23060:Medical and environmental health KW - H 12000:Epidemiology and Public Health UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16551596?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Ariskabstracts&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+the+American+Medical+Association&rft.atitle=Homicide+rates+among+US+teenagers+and+young+adults&rft.au=Fingerhut%2C+LA%3BIngram%2C+D+D%3BFeldman%2C+J+J&rft.aulast=Fingerhut&rft.aufirst=LA&rft.date=1998-08-05&rft.volume=280&rft.issue=5&rft.spage=423&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+the+American+Medical+Association&rft.issn=00987484&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Urbanization; Violence; Public health; Adolescents; Mortality; Historical account ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Sex hustling, injection drug use, and non-gay identification by men who have sex with men. Associations with high-risk sexual behaviors and condom use. AN - 73882290; 9713915 AB - To explore differences in demographic characteristies, risk practices, and preventive behaviors among subgroups of men who have sex with men (MSM), including gay- and non-gay-identified MSM, MSM who inject drugs, and those engaging in sex hustling. A secondary analysis of cross-sectional data collected through interviewer-administered questionnaires in a purposive sample of MSM. Gay bars, bath houses, adult video arcades, and out-door crusing areas in Denver and Long Beach. Men who reported oral or anal sex with another man in the past year with oversampling of non-gay-identified MSM. Of 1,290 MSM, 417 (32%) did not gay-identify, 86 (7%) were drug injectors, and 117 (9%) were hustlers. Of drug-injecting MSM, 55% reported sex hustling and 40% of hustlers reported injection drug use. Hustling was associated with higher number of partners, more frequent anal sex with men and women, and less frequent condom use during anal sex with occasional male partners. Hustlers and drug-injecting MSM used condoms less consistently during vaginal intercourse with female partners than did other MSM. Among MSM, subgroups at particularly high risk for HIV can be identified. Although these subgroups may be relatively small, they may be important epidemiologic links to the larger MSM and heterosexual communities and warrant focused behavioral interventions to prevent the further spread of HIV. JF - Sexually transmitted diseases AU - Rietmeijer, C A AU - Wolitski, R J AU - Fishbein, M AU - Corby, N H AU - Cohn, D L AD - Department of Public Health, Denver Health and Hospitals, Colorado, USA. cdr@cdc.gov Y1 - 1998/08// PY - 1998 DA - August 1998 SP - 353 EP - 360 VL - 25 IS - 7 SN - 0148-5717, 0148-5717 KW - Index Medicus KW - Population KW - AIDS/HIV KW - United States KW - Sex Behavior--men KW - Prostitutes--men KW - Barrier Methods KW - Research Methodology KW - Personality KW - Contraceptive Methods KW - Bisexuals--men KW - Risk Behavior--men KW - Developed Countries KW - California KW - Homosexuals--men KW - Family Planning KW - North America KW - Americas KW - Population At Risk--men KW - Research Report KW - Iv Drug Users--men KW - Condom KW - Psychological Factors KW - Northern America KW - Self-perception--men KW - Contraception KW - Behavior KW - Perception KW - Sexuality--men KW - Colorado KW - Risk Reduction Behavior--men KW - Drug Usage KW - Risk-Taking KW - Humans KW - Sexual Partners KW - Cross-Sectional Studies KW - Risk Factors KW - Adult KW - Interviews as Topic KW - California -- epidemiology KW - Colorado -- epidemiology KW - HIV Infections -- epidemiology KW - Female KW - Male KW - Prevalence KW - Homosexuality, Male KW - Sexual Behavior KW - Condoms -- utilization KW - Sex Work KW - Substance Abuse, Intravenous -- epidemiology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/73882290?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Sexually+transmitted+diseases&rft.atitle=Sex+hustling%2C+injection+drug+use%2C+and+non-gay+identification+by+men+who+have+sex+with+men.+Associations+with+high-risk+sexual+behaviors+and+condom+use.&rft.au=Rietmeijer%2C+C+A%3BWolitski%2C+R+J%3BFishbein%2C+M%3BCorby%2C+N+H%3BCohn%2C+D+L&rft.aulast=Rietmeijer&rft.aufirst=C&rft.date=1998-08-01&rft.volume=25&rft.issue=7&rft.spage=353&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Sexually+transmitted+diseases&rft.issn=01485717&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1998-10-20 N1 - Date created - 1998-10-20 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - SuppNotes - Comment In: Sex Transm Dis. 1999 Feb;26(2):93-4 [10029982] N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Neurotoxicity in young adults 20 years after childhood exposure to lead: the Bunker Hill experience AN - 17434510; 4653302 AB - An epidemiological study of young adults was conducted to determine whether environmental exposure to lead during childhood was associated with current adverse neurobehavioural effects. The exposed group consisted of 281 young adults who had been exposed environmentally to lead as children and the unexposed referent group consisted of 287 age and sex frequency matched subjects. Information on demographics, past and current health, and past exposures to neurotoxicants, and responses to the Swedish Q16 questionnaire were collected by interview. Standard neurobehavioural and neurophysiological tests were administered by computer or trained technicians. K x ray fluorescence was used to estimate tibial bone lead concentrations among the exposed and unexposed groups. Associations were examined between the exposed group and referents and tibial bone lead concentration and the neurobehavioural and neurophysiological outcomes of interest. Among the measures of peripheral nerve function, after controlling for confounders, sural sensory nerve evoked response amplitude, peroneal motor nerve compound motor action potential amplitude, vibrotactile thresholds of fingers and toes, and standing steadiness were significantly associated with exposure group. Among the neurobehavioural tests, handeye coordination, simple reaction time latency, trails B latency, symbol digit latency, serial digit, and learning error score were also significantly associated with exposure group after controlling for confounders. Exposed subjects had significantly more neuropsychiatric symptoms than the referents. Associations between tibial bone lead concentration and scores for vocabulary, vibrotactile thresholds of the fingers, and vibrotactile thresholds of the toes approached significance. Significant adverse central and peripheral neurological effects were found in a group of young adults 20 years after childhood environmental exposure to lead when compared with non-exposed controls. The absence of a significant association between neurological outcomes and tibial bone lead concentration, and the presence of significant associations between neurological outcomes and exposure group may be due to either the magnitude of measurement uncertainty in K x ray films relative to the actual tibial bone lead concentration in these young non-occupationally exposed subjects, or uncontrolled confounding of the exposure group. JF - Occupational and Environmental Medicine AU - Stokes, L AU - Letz, R AU - Gerr, F AU - Kolczak, M AU - McNeill, F E AU - Chettle AU - Kaye, W E AD - CDC/ATSDR, 1600 Clifton Road NE, Atlanta, GA 30333, USA Y1 - 1998/08// PY - 1998 DA - Aug 1998 SP - 507 EP - 516 VL - 55 IS - 8 SN - 1351-0711, 1351-0711 KW - man KW - Toxicology Abstracts; Pollution Abstracts; Health & Safety Science Abstracts KW - Heavy metals KW - Environmental health KW - Children KW - Lead KW - Nerves KW - Bone KW - Behavior KW - Neurotoxicity KW - Environmental quality KW - H 14000:Toxicology KW - X 24162:Chronic exposure KW - P 6000:TOXICOLOGY AND HEALTH UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/17434510?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxicologyabstracts&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Occupational+and+Environmental+Medicine&rft.atitle=Neurotoxicity+in+young+adults+20+years+after+childhood+exposure+to+lead%3A+the+Bunker+Hill+experience&rft.au=Stokes%2C+L%3BLetz%2C+R%3BGerr%2C+F%3BKolczak%2C+M%3BMcNeill%2C+F+E%3BChettle%3BKaye%2C+W+E&rft.aulast=Stokes&rft.aufirst=L&rft.date=1998-08-01&rft.volume=55&rft.issue=8&rft.spage=507&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Occupational+and+Environmental+Medicine&rft.issn=13510711&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Environmental health; Lead; Heavy metals; Neurotoxicity; Children; Environmental quality; Behavior; Bone; Nerves ER - TY - CONF T1 - Phospholipid surfactant adsorption by respirable quartz and in vitro expression of cytotoxicity and DNA damage AN - 17263998; 4557605 AB - Respirable-sized quartz was treated with a saline dispersion of dipalmitoyl phosphatidylcholine (DPPC), a primary component of pulmonary surfactant, to model the adsorption of phospholipid surfactant onto quartz dust following particle deposition in the bronchoalveolar region of the lung. Control and surfactant-treated dusts were used to challenge lavaged rat pulmonary macrophages in vitro over a 1-week period, to determine the effects of adsorbed surfactant on the expression of quartz cytotoxicity and genotoxicity. DNA damage was determined by the single cell gel electrophoresis 'comet' assay. Untreated quartz induced DNA damage, increasing with dose and with time of incubation of dust with macrophages over a 5 day period. DPPC treatment of quartz suppressed DNA damage through 1 day of macrophage challenge. DNA damage then increased over a 5 day period, to approximately half the positive control (untreated quartz) values. Cytotoxicity was measured by trypan blue dye exclusion and by the Live-Dead registered fluorescence assay for cell viability. Cytotoxicity of surfactant-treated quartz measured one day after challenge of lavaged macrophages was suppressed to values near those of the negative controls, and then increased over a 1 week incubation period to levels near those expressed by native quartz positive controls. Quartz similarly treated with dioleoyl phosphatidylcholine mixed with DPPC substituted in one acyl group with a boron-containing fluorescent chromophore was used with confocal microscopy to measure particle-associated fluorescent surfactant in cells. Approximately half of the fluorescence intensity was lost over a 1 week period following challenge of lavaged macrophage. Results are discussed in terms of a model of restoration of quartz particle surface toxicity as prophylactic surfactant is removed from particle surface by cellular enzymatic digestion processes. JF - Toxicology Letters AU - Liu, X AU - Keane, MJ AU - Harrison, J C AU - Cilento, E V AU - Ong, T AU - Wallace, W E Y1 - 1998/08// PY - 1998 DA - Aug 1998 SP - 77 EP - 84 PB - Elsevier Science Ireland Ltd., P.O. Box 85 Limerick Ireland VL - 96-97 IS - 1-3 KW - quartz KW - Toxicology Abstracts KW - Macrophages KW - DNA damage KW - Airborne particulates KW - Surfactants KW - Phospholipids KW - X 24155:Biochemistry UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/17263998?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxicologyabstracts&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Toxicology+Letters&rft.atitle=Phospholipid+surfactant+adsorption+by+respirable+quartz+and+in+vitro+expression+of+cytotoxicity+and+DNA+damage&rft.au=Liu%2C+X%3BKeane%2C+MJ%3BHarrison%2C+J+C%3BCilento%2C+E+V%3BOng%2C+T%3BWallace%2C+W+E&rft.aulast=Liu&rft.aufirst=X&rft.date=1998-08-01&rft.volume=96-97&rft.issue=1-3&rft.spage=77&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Toxicology+Letters&rft.issn=03784274&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Outbreak of Acinetobacter spp. bloodstream infections in a nursery associated with contaminated aerosols and air conditioners AN - 17140529; 4446178 AB - Acinetobacter spp. are multidrug-resistant bacteria that grow well in water and cause infections with unexplained, increased summer prevalence. In August, 1996, eight infants acquired Acinetobacter spp. bloodstream infection (A-BSI) while in a nursery in the Bahamas; three infants died and an investigation was initiated. A case patient was defined as any newborn in the nursery during August 6 to 13, 1996, with A-BSI. To identify risk factors for A-BSI we conducted a retrospective cohort study and performed environmental cultures and air sampling using settle plates. The genetic relatedness of environmental isolates was assessed by pulsed field gel electrophoresis. Of 33 patients in the nursery 8 (24%) met the case definition. Patients with peripheral iv catheters were more likely to develop A-BSI (8 of 21 vs. 0 of 10, P < 0.05). Multivariate analysis among patients with iv catheters indicated that only exposure to one nurse was an independent risk factor for developing A-BSI (P < 0.005). Nursery settle plates were more likely to grow Acinetobacter spp. than were settle plates from other hospital areas (8 of 9 vs. 0 of 5, P < 0.005); cultures from nursery air conditioners also grew Acinetobacter spp. Environmental isolates were genetically diverse. After installation of a new air conditioner in May, 1995, A-BSIs occurred more frequently during months of increased absolute humidity or environmental dew point. Acinetobacter spp. may cause nosocomial BSI and death among infants during periods of polyclonal airborne dissemination; breaks in aseptic technique during iv medication administration may facilitate transmission from the environment to the patient. Environmental conditions that increase air conditioner condensate may predispose to airborne dissemination via contaminated aerosols and increase the risk of nosocomial A-BSI. JF - Pediatric Infectious Disease Journal AU - McDonald, L C AU - Walker, M AU - Carson, L AU - Arduino, M AU - Aguero, S M AU - Gomez, P AU - McNeil, P AU - Jarvis, W R AD - Hospital Infections Program, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, 1600 Clifton Road, MS E69, Atlanta, GA 30333, USA, wrj1@cdc.gov Y1 - 1998/08// PY - 1998 DA - Aug 1998 SP - 716 EP - 722 VL - 17 IS - 8 SN - 0891-3668, 0891-3668 KW - Acinetobacter KW - Bahamas KW - bacteria KW - infection KW - Health & Safety Science Abstracts; Pollution Abstracts; Microbiology Abstracts B: Bacteriology; Microbiology Abstracts A: Industrial & Applied Microbiology KW - Indoor air pollution KW - Airborne microorganisms KW - Microbial contamination KW - Aerosols KW - Hospitals KW - Infants KW - Risk assessment KW - Air conditioning KW - Bacteria KW - Mortality KW - J 02855:Human Bacteriology: Others KW - H 13000:Medical Safety KW - H 12000:Epidemiology and Public Health KW - A 01103:General KW - P 6000:TOXICOLOGY AND HEALTH UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/17140529?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologyb&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Pediatric+Infectious+Disease+Journal&rft.atitle=Outbreak+of+Acinetobacter+spp.+bloodstream+infections+in+a+nursery+associated+with+contaminated+aerosols+and+air+conditioners&rft.au=McDonald%2C+L+C%3BWalker%2C+M%3BCarson%2C+L%3BArduino%2C+M%3BAguero%2C+S+M%3BGomez%2C+P%3BMcNeil%2C+P%3BJarvis%2C+W+R&rft.aulast=McDonald&rft.aufirst=L&rft.date=1998-08-01&rft.volume=17&rft.issue=8&rft.spage=716&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Pediatric+Infectious+Disease+Journal&rft.issn=08913668&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Acinetobacter; Mortality; Airborne microorganisms; Risk assessment; Air conditioning; Indoor air pollution; Infants; Microbial contamination; Aerosols; Hospitals; Bacteria ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Identification of novel mutation patterns in the parC gene of ciprofloxacin-resistant isolates of Neisseria gonorrhoeae AN - 17101797; 4414852 AB - Of 65 ciprofloxacin-resistant, clinical isolates of Neisseria gonorrhoeae, 5 isolates exhibited ParC mutations previously undescribed in the gonococcus. For isolates containing two ParC mutations (the Ser-87 arrow right Ile and Glu-91 arrow right Gly mutations and the Gly-85 arrow right Cys and Arg116 arrow right Leu mutations) the MICs of ciprofloxacin (8.0 to 64.0 mu g/ml) were higher than those for the isolate containing the single ParC mutation (Arg-116 arrow right Leu; MIC, 1.0 mu g/ml). JF - Antimicrobial Agents & Chemotherapy AU - Trees, D L AU - Sandul, AL AU - Whittington, W L AU - Knapp, J S AD - Bacterial STD Branch, Mailstop G-39, Division of AIDS, STD, and TB Laboratory Research, National Center for Infectious Diseases, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA 30333, USA, dlt1@cdc.gov Y1 - 1998/08// PY - 1998 DA - Aug 1998 SP - 2103 EP - 2105 VL - 42 IS - 8 SN - 0066-4804, 0066-4804 KW - ParC protein KW - ciprofloxacin KW - nucleotide sequence KW - parC gene KW - Genetics Abstracts; Microbiology Abstracts B: Bacteriology KW - Clinical isolates KW - Drug resistance KW - Minimum inhibitory concentration KW - Neisseria gonorrhoeae KW - Ciprofloxacin KW - Polymerase chain reaction KW - Resistant mutant KW - Mutation KW - Antibiotic resistance KW - G 07320:Bacterial genetics KW - J 02814:Drug resistance UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/17101797?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologyb&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Antimicrobial+Agents+%26+Chemotherapy&rft.atitle=Identification+of+novel+mutation+patterns+in+the+parC+gene+of+ciprofloxacin-resistant+isolates+of+Neisseria+gonorrhoeae&rft.au=Trees%2C+D+L%3BSandul%2C+AL%3BWhittington%2C+W+L%3BKnapp%2C+J+S&rft.aulast=Trees&rft.aufirst=D&rft.date=1998-08-01&rft.volume=42&rft.issue=8&rft.spage=2103&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Antimicrobial+Agents+%26+Chemotherapy&rft.issn=00664804&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Neisseria gonorrhoeae; Drug resistance; Ciprofloxacin; Polymerase chain reaction; Minimum inhibitory concentration; Mutation; Resistant mutant; Antibiotic resistance; Clinical isolates ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Rapid screening for penicillin susceptibility of systemic pneumococcal isolates by restriction enzyme profiling of the pbp2B gene AN - 16525606; 4401659 AB - Restriction digest profiling of pneumococcal pbp2b-specific amplicons was effective for screening penicillin resistance. The pbp2b amplicon of all pneumococcal isolates for which the MICs of penicillin were less than or equal to 0.03 mu g/ml had one of two different susceptible restriction profiles, and all 33 isolates for which MICs were 0.5 mu g/ml or greater had one of seven distinct resistant profiles. Low-concentration penicillin resistance (MICs = 0.06 mu g/ml to 0.25 mu g/ml) was associated with sensitive HaeIII profiles in some isolates; however, RsaI profiling and pbp2b sequence analysis of such isolates revealed that some isolates contained low-level resistant pbp2b alleles, while others had susceptible pbp2b alleles. This data indicates that low-level penicillin resistance is sometimes conferred by determinants other than pbp2b. JF - Journal of Clinical Microbiology AU - Beall, B AU - Facklam, R R AU - Jackson, D M AU - Starling, H H AD - Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Childhood and Respiratory Infections, 1600 Clifton Rd., Mailstop C02, Atlanta, GA 30333, USA, beb0@cdc.gov Y1 - 1998/08// PY - 1998 DA - Aug 1998 SP - 2359 EP - 2362 VL - 36 IS - 8 SN - 0095-1137, 0095-1137 KW - pbp2B gene KW - Microbiology Abstracts A: Industrial & Applied Microbiology; Microbiology Abstracts B: Bacteriology KW - A 01064:Microbial resistance KW - J 02795:Antibiotic resistance UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16525606?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologyb&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Clinical+Microbiology&rft.atitle=Rapid+screening+for+penicillin+susceptibility+of+systemic+pneumococcal+isolates+by+restriction+enzyme+profiling+of+the+pbp2B+gene&rft.au=Beall%2C+B%3BFacklam%2C+R+R%3BJackson%2C+D+M%3BStarling%2C+H+H&rft.aulast=Beall&rft.aufirst=B&rft.date=1998-08-01&rft.volume=36&rft.issue=8&rft.spage=2359&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+Clinical+Microbiology&rft.issn=00951137&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Optimizing the delivery of HIV counseling and testing services: the Uganda experience using rapid HIV antibody test algorithms AN - 16514026; 4416236 AB - The AIDS Information Center (AIC) was established in Kampala, Uganda in 1990 in response to increasing interest by members of the general public who wished to know their HIV serostatus. By 1996, >300,000 clients had been seen. HIV serologic testing was performed at a central laboratory and results reported back to AIC after 2 weeks. Approximately 25% of clients failed to learn their HIV serostatus as a result of failure to return or late arrival of results. To address these issues, AIC carried out an evaluation of 3 rapid HIV assays, Sero-Strip, SeroCard, and Capillus, against a standard criterion to identify a testing algorithm that could be used as an on-site confirmatory testing strategy. The study was carried out over a period of 5 working days and 325 clients were seen. An algorithm was identified, which gave no indeterminate results with unambiguously positive or negative specimens, which was 100% sensitive and specific, and which could be integrated with minimal disruption into existing counseling procedures. All clients left AIC knowing their HIV serostatus and having spent <2 hours at the Center. The results of this evaluation demonstrate that 'same-day' results can be provided in counseling and testing settings without compromising the quality of counseling or the accuracy of HIV testing. JF - Journal of Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndromes and Human Retrovirology AU - Downing, R G AU - Otten, R A AU - Marum, E AU - Biryahwaho, B AU - Alwano-Edyegu, M G AU - Sempala, SDK AU - Fridlund, CA AU - Dondero, T J AU - Campbell, C AU - Rayfield, MA AD - CDC/UVRI Research Collaboration, Uganda Virus Research Institute, P.O. Box 49, Entebbe, Uganda, cdcrgd@imul.com Y1 - 1998/08// PY - 1998 DA - Aug 1998 SP - 384 EP - 388 VL - 18 IS - 4 SN - 1077-9450, 1077-9450 KW - HIV KW - Uganda KW - Virology & AIDS Abstracts; Health & Safety Science Abstracts KW - H 12000:Epidemiology and Public Health KW - V 22004:AIDS: Clinical aspects UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16514026?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Ahealthsafetyabstracts&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Acquired+Immune+Deficiency+Syndromes+and+Human+Retrovirology&rft.atitle=Optimizing+the+delivery+of+HIV+counseling+and+testing+services%3A+the+Uganda+experience+using+rapid+HIV+antibody+test+algorithms&rft.au=Downing%2C+R+G%3BOtten%2C+R+A%3BMarum%2C+E%3BBiryahwaho%2C+B%3BAlwano-Edyegu%2C+M+G%3BSempala%2C+SDK%3BFridlund%2C+CA%3BDondero%2C+T+J%3BCampbell%2C+C%3BRayfield%2C+MA&rft.aulast=Downing&rft.aufirst=R&rft.date=1998-08-01&rft.volume=18&rft.issue=4&rft.spage=384&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+Acquired+Immune+Deficiency+Syndromes+and+Human+Retrovirology&rft.issn=10779450&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - HIV-1 subtype E incidence and sexually transmitted diseases in a cohort of military conscripts in northern Thailand AN - 16512402; 4416234 AB - To determine the rate of and risk factors for HIV-1 seroconversion and describe sexually transmitted disease (STD) prevalence rates for young men in northern Thailand. Data were collected from self-administered questionnaires and serologic testing at enrollment in a prospective study in 1991 and at follow-up after 6, 17, and 23 months on a cohort of 1115 men selected by lottery for military conscription. A total of 14 men seroconverted to HIV-1 envelope subtype E. The overall HIV-1 incidence rate was 1.1 per 100 person-years (PY) of follow-up. However, the rate was 2.0/100 PY for conscripts from the upper northern subregion of Thailand compared with 0.5/100 PY from other regions. On multivariate analyses, the behavioral factors associated with HIV-1 seroconversion were frequency of sex with female sex workers receptive anal sex and large amount of alcohol consumption. Genital ulceration was the STD most strongly associated with seroconversion. The prevalence of serologic reactivity to syphilis, Haemophilus ducreyi, and herpes simplex virus type 2 increased with greater frequency of sex with FSWs and was generally higher for men from the upper north. Young men in northern Thailand are at high risk for HIV-1, primarily through sex with FSWs; and other STDs are highly associated with HIV-1 incidence. As HIV-1 infection extends into the general population, intervention programs are needed to address the problem of sexual transmission apart from commercial sex venues. JF - Journal of Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndromes and Human Retrovirology AU - Nopkesorn, T AU - Mock, P A AU - Mastro, T D AU - Sangkharomya, S AU - Sweat, M AU - Limpakarnjanarat, K AU - Laosakkitiboran, J AU - Young, N L AU - Morse, SA AU - Schmid, S AU - Weniger, B G AD - HIV/AIDS Collaboration, DMS 6 Building, Ministry of Public Health, Tivanon Road, Nonthaburi 11000, Thailand, tdm3@cdc.gov Y1 - 1998/08// PY - 1998 DA - Aug 1998 SP - 372 EP - 379 VL - 18 IS - 4 SN - 1077-9450, 1077-9450 KW - HIV-1 KW - HSV KW - Thailand KW - Virology & AIDS Abstracts; Microbiology Abstracts B: Bacteriology KW - V 22005:AIDS: Epidemiological aspects KW - J 02833:Immune response and immune mechanisms UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16512402?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologyb&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Acquired+Immune+Deficiency+Syndromes+and+Human+Retrovirology&rft.atitle=HIV-1+subtype+E+incidence+and+sexually+transmitted+diseases+in+a+cohort+of+military+conscripts+in+northern+Thailand&rft.au=Nopkesorn%2C+T%3BMock%2C+P+A%3BMastro%2C+T+D%3BSangkharomya%2C+S%3BSweat%2C+M%3BLimpakarnjanarat%2C+K%3BLaosakkitiboran%2C+J%3BYoung%2C+N+L%3BMorse%2C+SA%3BSchmid%2C+S%3BWeniger%2C+B+G&rft.aulast=Nopkesorn&rft.aufirst=T&rft.date=1998-08-01&rft.volume=18&rft.issue=4&rft.spage=372&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+Acquired+Immune+Deficiency+Syndromes+and+Human+Retrovirology&rft.issn=10779450&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Detection and differentiation of vanC-1, vanC-2, and vanC-3 glycopeptide resistance genes in enterococci AN - 16461075; 4401643 AB - The VanC phenotype, as found in Enterococcus gallinarum, E. casseliflavus, and E. flavescens, is characterized by intrinsic low-level resistance to vancomycin. The nucleotide sequences of the vanC-1 gene in E. gallinarum, the vanC-2 gene in E. casseliflavus, and the vanC-3 gene in E. flavescens have been reported, although there is some disagreement as to whether E. flavescens is a legitimate enterococcal species. Previous attempts to differentiate the vanC-2 and vanC-3 genes by PCR analysis have been unsuccessful. The purpose of the present study was to detect and differentiate the three vanC determinants and examine the distribution of these genes in a collection of both typical and atypical enterococci. The 796-bp vanC-1 PCR product was amplified only from E. gallinarum isolates. As expected, due to the extensive homology in the vanC-2 and vanC-3 gene sequences, all of the E. casseliflavus and E. casseliflavus/flavescens isolates produced the 484-bp vanC-2 PCR product, although the E. gallinarum isolates were negative. Only the E. casseliflavus/flavescens isolates produced the 224-bp vanC-3 product. Using the three sets of primers, we were able to detect and distinguish the vanC-1, vanC-2, and vanC-3 genes from both typical and atypical enterococci strains. Antimicrobial susceptibility tests and analysis of genomic DNA by pulsed-field gel electrophoresis were also performed, but the results indicated that they were not able to distinguish among strains possessing the three vanC genotypes. JF - Journal of Clinical Microbiology AU - Clark, N C AU - Teixeira, L M AU - Facklam, R R AU - Tenover, F C AD - Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, 1600 Clifton Rd. NE, Mailstop G-08, Atlanta, GA 30333, USA, ncc1@cdc.gov Y1 - 1998/08// PY - 1998 DA - Aug 1998 SP - 2294 EP - 2297 VL - 36 IS - 8 SN - 0095-1137, 0095-1137 KW - Glycopeptide KW - vanC1 gene KW - vanC2 gene KW - vanC3 gene KW - Microbiology Abstracts A: Industrial & Applied Microbiology; Microbiology Abstracts B: Bacteriology KW - A 01064:Microbial resistance KW - J 02795:Antibiotic resistance UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16461075?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologyb&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Clinical+Microbiology&rft.atitle=Detection+and+differentiation+of+vanC-1%2C+vanC-2%2C+and+vanC-3+glycopeptide+resistance+genes+in+enterococci&rft.au=Clark%2C+N+C%3BTeixeira%2C+L+M%3BFacklam%2C+R+R%3BTenover%2C+F+C&rft.aulast=Clark&rft.aufirst=N&rft.date=1998-08-01&rft.volume=36&rft.issue=8&rft.spage=2294&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+Clinical+Microbiology&rft.issn=00951137&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Adult blood lead epidemiology and surveillance--United States, fourth quarter, 1997. AN - 80053560; 9694643 AB - CDC's National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health Adult Blood Lead Epidemiology and Surveillance program (ABLES) monitors laboratory-reported elevated blood lead levels (BLLs) among adults in the United States. During 1997, a total of 27 states reported surveillance data to ABLES. This report presents ABLES data through the fourth quarter for 1997 and compares the data for each quarter of 1997 with data reported for the corresponding quarter of 1996; preliminary totals for the fourth quarter 1997 reports suggest that the overall number of persons with BLLs > or =25 microg/dL were similar for 1996 and 1997. JF - MMWR. Morbidity and mortality weekly report AU - Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) AD - Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) Y1 - 1998/07/17/ PY - 1998 DA - 1998 Jul 17 SP - 570 EP - 573 VL - 47 IS - 27 SN - 0149-2195, 0149-2195 KW - Lead KW - 2P299V784P KW - Index Medicus KW - Mass Screening KW - Humans KW - Adult KW - United States -- epidemiology KW - Population Surveillance KW - Lead Poisoning -- prevention & control KW - Lead Poisoning -- epidemiology KW - Lead -- blood UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/80053560?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=MMWR.+Morbidity+and+mortality+weekly+report&rft.atitle=Adult+blood+lead+epidemiology+and+surveillance--United+States%2C+fourth+quarter%2C+1997.&rft.au=Centers+for+Disease+Control+and+Prevention+%28CDC%29&rft.aulast=Centers+for+Disease+Control+and+Prevention+%28CDC%29&rft.aufirst=&rft.date=1998-07-17&rft.volume=47&rft.issue=27&rft.spage=570&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=MMWR.+Morbidity+and+mortality+weekly+report&rft.issn=01492195&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1998-08-06 N1 - Date created - 1998-08-06 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Foodborne outbreak of cryptosporidiosis--Spokane, Washington, 1997. AN - 80052067; 9694641 AB - On December 29, 1997, the Spokane Regional Health District received reports of acute gastroenteritis among members of a group attending a dinner banquet catered by a Spokane restaurant on December 18. The illness was characterized by a prolonged (3-9 days) incubation period and diarrhea, which led public health officials to suspect a parasitic cause of the illness. Eight of 10 stool specimens obtained from ill banquet attendees were positive for Cryptosporidium using both modified acid-fast and auramine-rhodamine staining of concentrated specimens. This report summarizes the epidemiologic investigation of the outbreak, which suggests that foodborne transmission occurred through a contaminated ingredient in multiple menu items. JF - MMWR. Morbidity and mortality weekly report AU - Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) AD - Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) Y1 - 1998/07/17/ PY - 1998 DA - 1998 Jul 17 SP - 565 EP - 567 VL - 47 IS - 27 SN - 0149-2195, 0149-2195 KW - Index Medicus KW - Animals KW - Washington -- epidemiology KW - Humans KW - Disease Outbreaks KW - Cryptosporidium -- isolation & purification KW - Foodborne Diseases -- epidemiology KW - Cryptosporidiosis -- epidemiology KW - Cryptosporidiosis -- etiology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/80052067?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=MMWR.+Morbidity+and+mortality+weekly+report&rft.atitle=Foodborne+outbreak+of+cryptosporidiosis--Spokane%2C+Washington%2C+1997.&rft.au=Centers+for+Disease+Control+and+Prevention+%28CDC%29&rft.aulast=Centers+for+Disease+Control+and+Prevention+%28CDC%29&rft.aufirst=&rft.date=1998-07-17&rft.volume=47&rft.issue=27&rft.spage=565&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=MMWR.+Morbidity+and+mortality+weekly+report&rft.issn=01492195&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1998-08-06 N1 - Date created - 1998-08-06 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Elimination of syphilis in the United States AN - 16449325; 4340231 AB - Global disease eradication and disease elimination from localized areas increasingly are being promoted and studied as public health approaches for selected infectious diseases. However, when a campaign fails, the field can fall into disrepute. Syphilis, identified in the 1930s as the principal public health problem then facing the United States, was the target of elimination efforts in the 1940s and 1960s, both of which reduced rates substantially but did not succeed in eliminating sustained domestic transmission. Why, therefore, is the U.S. Public Health Service once again targeting syphilis for national elimination? JF - Science (Washington) AU - St Louis, ME AU - Wasserheit, J N AD - Natl. Cent. for HIV, STD, and TB Prev., Cent. for Dis. Control and Prev., Mailstop E-02, Atlanta, GA 30333, USA, mes2@cdc.gov Y1 - 1998/07/17/ PY - 1998 DA - 1998 Jul 17 SP - 353 EP - 354 PB - American Association for the Advancement of Science VL - 281 IS - 5375 SN - 0036-8075, 0036-8075 KW - USA KW - disease control KW - elimination KW - syphilis KW - Health & Safety Science Abstracts; Microbiology Abstracts B: Bacteriology KW - H 11000:Diseases/Injuries/Trauma KW - J 02849:Sexually-transmitted diseases UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16449325?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologyb&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Science+%28Washington%29&rft.atitle=Elimination+of+syphilis+in+the+United+States&rft.au=St+Louis%2C+ME%3BWasserheit%2C+J+N&rft.aulast=St+Louis&rft.aufirst=ME&rft.date=1998-07-17&rft.volume=281&rft.issue=5375&rft.spage=353&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Science+%28Washington%29&rft.issn=00368075&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Racial and ethnic differences in serum cotinine levels of cigarette smokers: Third National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey, 1988-1991. AN - 80007905; 9669785 AB - Cotinine, a metabolite of nicotine, is a marker of exposure to tobacco smoke. Previous studies suggest that non-Hispanic blacks have higher levels of serum cotinine than non-Hispanic whites who report similar levels of cigarette smoking. To investigate differences in levels of serum cotinine in black, white, and Mexican American cigarette smokers in the US adult population. Third National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey, 1988-1991. A nationally representative sample of persons aged 17 years or older who participated in the survey. Serum cotinine levels by reported number of cigarettes smoked per day and by race and ethnicity. A total of 7182 subjects were involved in the study; 2136 subjects reported smoking at least 1 cigarette in the last 5 days. Black smokers had cotinine concentrations substantially higher at all levels of cigarette smoking than did white or Mexican American smokers (P<.001). Serum cotinine levels for blacks were 125 nmol/L (22 ng/mL) (95% confidence interval [CI], 79-176 nmol/L [14-31 ng/mL]) to 539 nmol/L (95 ng/mL) (95% CI, 289-630 nmol/L [51-111 ng/mL]) higher than for whites and 136 nmol/L (24 ng/mL) (95% CI, 85-182 nmol/L [15-32 ng/mL]) to 641 nmol/L (113 ng/mL) (95% CI, 386-897 nmol/L [68-158 ng/mL]) higher than for Mexican Americans. These differences do not appear to be attributable to differences in environmental tobacco smoke exposure or in number of cigarettes smoked. To our knowledge, this study provides the first evidence from a national study that serum cotinine levels are higher among black smokers than among white or Mexican American smokers. If higher cotinine levels among blacks indicate higher nicotine intake or differential pharmacokinetics and possibly serve as a marker of higher exposure to cigarette carcinogenic components, they may help explain why blacks find it harder to quit and are more likely to experience higher rates of lung cancer than white smokers. JF - JAMA AU - Caraballo, R S AU - Giovino, G A AU - Pechacek, T F AU - Mowery, P D AU - Richter, P A AU - Strauss, W J AU - Sharp, D J AU - Eriksen, M P AU - Pirkle, J L AU - Maurer, K R AD - National Center for Chronic Disease Prevention and Health Promotion, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA 30341-3724, USA. rfc8@cdc.gov Y1 - 1998/07/08/ PY - 1998 DA - 1998 Jul 08 SP - 135 EP - 139 VL - 280 IS - 2 SN - 0098-7484, 0098-7484 KW - Tobacco Smoke Pollution KW - 0 KW - Cotinine KW - K5161X06LL KW - Abridged Index Medicus KW - Index Medicus KW - Regression Analysis KW - Humans KW - Aged KW - Models, Statistical KW - European Continental Ancestry Group KW - Adult KW - Health Surveys KW - Mexican Americans KW - Middle Aged KW - Adolescent KW - United States -- epidemiology KW - Female KW - Male KW - Smoking -- blood KW - Cotinine -- blood KW - Smoking -- ethnology KW - African Continental Ancestry Group UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/80007905?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=JAMA&rft.atitle=Racial+and+ethnic+differences+in+serum+cotinine+levels+of+cigarette+smokers%3A+Third+National+Health+and+Nutrition+Examination+Survey%2C+1988-1991.&rft.au=Caraballo%2C+R+S%3BGiovino%2C+G+A%3BPechacek%2C+T+F%3BMowery%2C+P+D%3BRichter%2C+P+A%3BStrauss%2C+W+J%3BSharp%2C+D+J%3BEriksen%2C+M+P%3BPirkle%2C+J+L%3BMaurer%2C+K+R&rft.aulast=Caraballo&rft.aufirst=R&rft.date=1998-07-08&rft.volume=280&rft.issue=2&rft.spage=135&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=JAMA&rft.issn=00987484&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1998-07-22 N1 - Date created - 1998-07-22 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - SuppNotes - Comment In: JAMA. 1998 Dec 23-30;280(24):2075-6 [9875872] JAMA. 1998 Dec 23-30;280(24):2075; author reply 2076 [9875871] JAMA. 1998 Dec 23-30;280(24):2075; author reply 2076 [9875870] JAMA. 1998 Jul 8;280(2):179-80 [9669793] N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Monitoring environmental disease--United States, 1997. AN - 80005291; 9667824 AB - One of the national health objectives for 2000 (HP2000) is to establish and monitor nonoccupational "sentinel" environmental diseases, including asthma, heatstroke, hypothermia, heavy metal poisoning, pesticide poisoning, carbon monoxide poisoning, acute chemical poisoning, and methemoglobinemia, in at least 35 states (baseline: 0 states in 1990) (objective 11.16). To assess progress toward this objective, the Council of State and Territorial Epidemiologists (CSTE), the Association of Schools of Public Health, and CDC conducted a telephone survey of environmental epidemiologists in each of the 50 states, the District of Columbia, and Puerto Rico during June-August 1997. This report summarizes the results of that survey, which indicate that progress is being made toward the HP2000 objective. JF - MMWR. Morbidity and mortality weekly report AU - Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) AD - Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) Y1 - 1998/07/03/ PY - 1998 DA - 1998 Jul 03 SP - 522 EP - 525 VL - 47 IS - 25 SN - 0149-2195, 0149-2195 KW - Index Medicus KW - Environmental Illness -- epidemiology KW - Asthma -- epidemiology KW - Humans KW - Heat Stroke -- epidemiology KW - Poisoning -- epidemiology KW - Environmental Exposure KW - Hypothermia -- epidemiology KW - United States -- epidemiology KW - Environmental Health KW - Population Surveillance UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/80005291?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=MMWR.+Morbidity+and+mortality+weekly+report&rft.atitle=Monitoring+environmental+disease--United+States%2C+1997.&rft.au=Centers+for+Disease+Control+and+Prevention+%28CDC%29&rft.aulast=Centers+for+Disease+Control+and+Prevention+%28CDC%29&rft.aufirst=&rft.date=1998-07-03&rft.volume=47&rft.issue=25&rft.spage=522&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=MMWR.+Morbidity+and+mortality+weekly+report&rft.issn=01492195&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1998-07-21 N1 - Date created - 1998-07-21 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Determining priority hazardous substances related to hazardous waste sites. AN - 80001057; 9664643 JF - Toxicology and industrial health AU - Roney, N AU - Henriques, W D AU - Fay, M AU - Holler, J S AU - Susten, S S AD - Agency for Toxic Substances and Disease Registry, Public Health Service, US Department of Health and Human Services, Atlanta, Georgia, USA. NXR6@cdc.gov PY - 1998 SP - 521 EP - 532 VL - 14 IS - 4 SN - 0748-2337, 0748-2337 KW - Hazardous Substances KW - 0 KW - Hazardous Waste KW - Index Medicus KW - United States KW - Policy Making KW - United States Environmental Protection Agency KW - Public Health KW - Government KW - Humans KW - Hazardous Substances -- classification KW - Hazardous Waste -- classification KW - Public Policy UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/80001057?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Toxicology+and+industrial+health&rft.atitle=Determining+priority+hazardous+substances+related+to+hazardous+waste+sites.&rft.au=Roney%2C+N%3BHenriques%2C+W+D%3BFay%2C+M%3BHoller%2C+J+S%3BSusten%2C+S+S&rft.aulast=Roney&rft.aufirst=N&rft.date=1998-07-01&rft.volume=14&rft.issue=4&rft.spage=521&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Toxicology+and+industrial+health&rft.issn=07482337&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1998-09-16 N1 - Date created - 1998-09-16 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Antioxidant supplementation and respiratory functions among workers exposed to high levels of ozone. AN - 79999261; 9655734 AB - Ozone exposure has been related to adverse respiratory effects, in particular to lung function decrements. Antioxidant vitamins are free-radical scavengers and could have a protective effect against photo-oxidant exposure. To evaluate whether acute effects of ozone on lung functions could be attenuated by antioxidant vitamin supplementation, we conducted a randomized trial using a double-blind crossover design. Street workers (n = 47) of Mexico City were randomly assigned to take daily a supplement (75 mg vitamin E, 650 mg vitamin C, 15 mg beta carotene) or a placebo and were followed from March to August 1996. Pulmonary function tests were done twice a week at the end of the workday. During the follow-up, the mean 1-h maximum ozone level was 123 ppb (SD = 40). During the first phase, ozone levels were inversely associated with FVC (beta = -1.60 ml/ppb), FEV1 (beta = -2.11 ml/ppb), and FEF25-75 (beta = -4.92 ml/ppb) (p < 0.05) in the placebo group but not in the supplement group. The difference between the two groups was significant for FVC, FEV1, and FEF25-75 (p < 0.01). During the second phase, similar results were observed, but the lung function decrements in the placebo group were smaller, suggesting that the supplementation may have had a residual protective effect on the lung. These results need to be confirmed in larger supplementation studies. JF - American journal of respiratory and critical care medicine AU - Romieu, I AU - Meneses, F AU - Ramirez, M AU - Ruiz, S AU - Perez Padilla, R AU - Sienra, J J AU - Gerber, M AU - Grievink, L AU - Dekker, R AU - Walda, I AU - Brunekreef, B AD - Pan American Health Organization; Instituto Nacional de Salud Publica, Cuernavaca, Mor; Instituto de Investigacion en Matematica Aplicada y Sistemas, Universidad Autonoma de Mexico, Mexico DF. iar9@cdc.gov Y1 - 1998/07// PY - 1998 DA - July 1998 SP - 226 EP - 232 VL - 158 IS - 1 SN - 1073-449X, 1073-449X KW - Antioxidants KW - 0 KW - beta Carotene KW - 01YAE03M7J KW - Vitamin E KW - 1406-18-4 KW - Ozone KW - 66H7ZZK23N KW - Abridged Index Medicus KW - Index Medicus KW - Respiratory Function Tests KW - Respiratory Tract Diseases -- prevention & control KW - Spirometry KW - Double-Blind Method KW - Humans KW - Occupational Diseases -- prevention & control KW - Adult KW - Cross-Over Studies KW - Middle Aged KW - Adolescent KW - Vitamin E -- blood KW - Male KW - Occupational Exposure KW - beta Carotene -- therapeutic use KW - beta Carotene -- blood KW - Antioxidants -- therapeutic use KW - Respiration -- drug effects KW - Dietary Supplements KW - Ozone -- adverse effects UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/79999261?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=American+journal+of+respiratory+and+critical+care+medicine&rft.atitle=Antioxidant+supplementation+and+respiratory+functions+among+workers+exposed+to+high+levels+of+ozone.&rft.au=Romieu%2C+I%3BMeneses%2C+F%3BRamirez%2C+M%3BRuiz%2C+S%3BPerez+Padilla%2C+R%3BSienra%2C+J+J%3BGerber%2C+M%3BGrievink%2C+L%3BDekker%2C+R%3BWalda%2C+I%3BBrunekreef%2C+B&rft.aulast=Romieu&rft.aufirst=I&rft.date=1998-07-01&rft.volume=158&rft.issue=1&rft.spage=226&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=American+journal+of+respiratory+and+critical+care+medicine&rft.issn=1073449X&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1998-07-30 N1 - Date created - 1998-07-30 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Reactive oxygen species and silica-induced carcinogenesis. AN - 79964265; 9644327 AB - Although silica has recently been designated as a carcinogen, its mechanism of carcinogenesis is not fully understood. Recent studies suggest that free-radical reactions may play an important role in the initiation and progression of cancer. This article summarizes literature on the generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) directly from silica and from silica-stimulated cells. It also summarizes information concerning the role of ROS in silica-induced DNA damage as well as in silica-induced cell proliferation, including the effects of silica on the activation of nuclear transcription factors, induction of growth factors and oncogene expression, redox regulation of the p53 tumor suppressor gene, induction of apoptosis, and division of damaged cells. Understanding the role of ROS in silica-mediated reactions may help develop therapeutic agents to block silica-induced free radical reactions and thus prevent or attenuate silica-induced carcinogenesis. JF - Journal of toxicology and environmental health. Part B, Critical reviews AU - Shi, X AU - Castranova, V AU - Halliwell, B AU - Vallyathan, V AD - Pathology and Physiology Research Branch, National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, Morgantown, WV 26505, USA. xas0@cdc.gov PY - 1998 SP - 181 EP - 197 VL - 1 IS - 3 SN - 1093-7404, 1093-7404 KW - Reactive Oxygen Species KW - 0 KW - Silicon Dioxide KW - 7631-86-9 KW - Index Medicus KW - Animals KW - Genes, p53 -- drug effects KW - DNA Damage KW - Cells, Cultured KW - Humans KW - Genes, p53 -- genetics KW - Apoptosis -- drug effects KW - Lipid Peroxidation -- drug effects KW - Cell Division -- drug effects KW - Gene Expression Regulation, Neoplastic -- drug effects KW - Reactive Oxygen Species -- metabolism KW - Oxidative Stress KW - Silicon Dioxide -- toxicity KW - Lung Neoplasms -- chemically induced KW - Silicon Dioxide -- adverse effects KW - Lung Neoplasms -- metabolism UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/79964265?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+toxicology+and+environmental+health.+Part+B%2C+Critical+reviews&rft.atitle=Reactive+oxygen+species+and+silica-induced+carcinogenesis.&rft.au=Shi%2C+X%3BCastranova%2C+V%3BHalliwell%2C+B%3BVallyathan%2C+V&rft.aulast=Shi&rft.aufirst=X&rft.date=1998-07-01&rft.volume=1&rft.issue=3&rft.spage=181&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+toxicology+and+environmental+health.+Part+B%2C+Critical+reviews&rft.issn=10937404&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1998-07-15 N1 - Date created - 1998-07-15 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Identification of Nearly Fatal Suicide Attempts: Self-Inflicted Injury Severity Form AN - 61646177; 199905147 AB - The Self-Inflicted Injury Severity Form (SIISF) was developed as an epidemiological research tool for identifying individuals in hospital emergency departments who have life-threatening self-inflicted injuries. Data were collected from 715 patients ages 13-34 with self-inflicted injuries in two large TX hospitals; in 295 of these cases, a second set of data was independently collected for assessment of interrater reliability. Validity was assessed by comparing the SIISF results with simultaneously collected Risk-Rescue Ratings. Assessment of interrater reliability found that only 2.4% of physicians disagreed on the suicide method used. The kappa statistic for method used was .94 indicating excellent agreement. The SIISF could distinguish between severe & less severe injuries. Thus, it appears to provide a simple method to distinguish patients who have life-threatening self-inflicted injuries. 5 Tables, 1 Figure, 34 References. Adapted from the source document. JF - Suicide and Life-Threatening Behavior AU - Potter, Lloyd B AU - Kresnow, Marcie-Jo AU - Powell, Kenneth E AU - O'Carroll, Patrick W AU - Lee, Roberta K AU - Frankowski, Ralph F AU - Swann, Alan C AU - Bayer, Timothy L AU - Bautista, Marilyn H AU - Briscoe, Margaret G AD - Centers for Disease Control & Prevention (CDC), National Center for Injury Prevention & Control (NCIPC), 4770 Buford Highway, N.E. Mailstop K-60, Atlanta, GA 30341 Y1 - 1998/07// PY - 1998 DA - July 1998 SP - 174 EP - 186 VL - 28 IS - 2 SN - 0363-0234, 0363-0234 KW - Diagnosis KW - Injuries KW - Suicide KW - Texas KW - Measures (Instruments) KW - Hospitals KW - Emergency Medical Services KW - Self Destructive Behavior KW - article KW - 6122: social welfare UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/61646177?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Asocialservices&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Suicide+and+Life-Threatening+Behavior&rft.atitle=Identification+of+Nearly+Fatal+Suicide+Attempts%3A+Self-Inflicted+Injury+Severity+Form&rft.au=Potter%2C+Lloyd+B%3BKresnow%2C+Marcie-Jo%3BPowell%2C+Kenneth+E%3BO%27Carroll%2C+Patrick+W%3BLee%2C+Roberta+K%3BFrankowski%2C+Ralph+F%3BSwann%2C+Alan+C%3BBayer%2C+Timothy+L%3BBautista%2C+Marilyn+H%3BBriscoe%2C+Margaret+G&rft.aulast=Potter&rft.aufirst=Lloyd&rft.date=1998-07-01&rft.volume=28&rft.issue=2&rft.spage=174&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Suicide+and+Life-Threatening+Behavior&rft.issn=03630234&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - Social Services Abstracts N1 - Date revised - 2007-05-01 N1 - Last updated - 2016-09-28 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Self Destructive Behavior; Suicide; Diagnosis; Injuries; Emergency Medical Services; Measures (Instruments); Hospitals; Texas ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Epidemiology of group B streptococcal disease in the United States: Shifting paradigms AN - 17302561; 4526767 AB - Since its emergence 25 years ago, group B streptococcus has become recognized as a cause of serious illness in newborns, pregnant women, and adults with chronic medical conditions. Heavy colonization of the genital tract with group B streptococcus also increases the risk that a woman will deliver a preterm low-birthweight infant. Early-onset infections (occurring at <7 days of age) are associated with much lower fatality than when they were first described, and their incidence is finally decreasing as the use of preventive antibiotics during childbirth increases among women at risk. New serotypes of group B streptococcus have emerged as important pathogens in adults and newborns. Clinical and laboratory practices - in obstetrics, pediatrics, and clinical microbiology - have an impact on disease and/or its prevention, and protocols established at the institutional level appear to be critical tools for the reduction of perinatal disease due to group B streptococcus. Since intrapartum antibiotics will prevent at best only a portion of the full burden of group B streptococcal disease, critical developments in vaccine evaluation, including study of polysaccharide-protein conjugate vaccines, offer the potential for enhanced prevention in the relatively near future. JF - Clinical Microbiology Reviews AU - Schuchat, A AD - Respiratory Diseases Branch, Division of Bacterial and Mycotic Diseases, National Center for Infectious Diseases, Mailstop C-23, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA 30333, USA, acs1@cdc.gov Y1 - 1998/07// PY - 1998 DA - Jul 1998 SP - 497 EP - 513 VL - 11 IS - 3 SN - 0893-8512, 0893-8512 KW - streptococci KW - Microbiology Abstracts B: Bacteriology KW - USA KW - Epidemiology KW - Streptococcus agalactiae KW - Vaccines KW - Children KW - Public health KW - Pregnancy KW - J 02855:Human Bacteriology: Others UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/17302561?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologyb&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Clinical+Microbiology+Reviews&rft.atitle=Epidemiology+of+group+B+streptococcal+disease+in+the+United+States%3A+Shifting+paradigms&rft.au=Schuchat%2C+A&rft.aulast=Schuchat&rft.aufirst=A&rft.date=1998-07-01&rft.volume=11&rft.issue=3&rft.spage=497&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Clinical+Microbiology+Reviews&rft.issn=08938512&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Streptococcus agalactiae; USA; Children; Pregnancy; Public health; Vaccines; Epidemiology ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Trends in AIDS-related opportunistic infections among men who have sex with men and among injecting drug users, 1991-1996 AN - 16560699; 4393069 AB - Incidence trends for the 13 most frequent AIDS-defining opportunistic infections (OIs) among men who have sex with men (MSM, n = 15,588) and injecting drug users (IDUs, n = 4475) were examined using data abstracted from medical records in >90 hospitals and clinics in nine US cities during 1991-1996. Among MSM, the most frequent OIs were Mycobacterium avium complex (MAC) disease, Pneumocystis carinii pneumonia (PCP), and cytomegalovirus (CMV) retinitis; decreasing (P less than or equal to .05) trends occurred for 11 OIs (MAC disease, PCP, CMV retinitis, Kaposi's sarcoma, esophageal candidiasis, CMV disease, extrapulmonary cryptococcosis, toxoplasmic encephalitis, tuberculosis, chronic herpes simplex, and disseminated histoplasmosis). Among IDUs, the most frequent OIs were PCP, MAC disease, and esophageal candidiasis; decreasing trends occurred for 5 OIs (PCP, esophageal candidiasis, tuberculosis, chronic herpes simplex, and chronic cryptosporidiosis) and an increase occurred in recurrent pneumonia. The differences in trends for MSM and IDUs may be due to differences in medical care and adherence to preventive medications. JF - Journal of Infectious Diseases AU - Jones, J L AU - Hanson, D L AU - Dworkin AU - Kaplan, JE AU - Ward, J W AD - Mailstop E-47, Surveillance Branch, Division of HIV/AIDS Prevention, NCHSTP, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA 30333, USA, jlj1@cdc.gov Y1 - 1998/07// PY - 1998 DA - Jul 1998 SP - 114 EP - 120 VL - 178 IS - 1 SN - 0022-1899, 0022-1899 KW - HIV KW - HSV KW - Pneumocystis carinii KW - chronic infection KW - drug abuse KW - homosexuality KW - incidence KW - infection KW - intravenous administration KW - pneumonia KW - sexual behavior KW - Microbiology Abstracts C: Algology, Mycology & Protozoology; Microbiology Abstracts B: Bacteriology; Virology & AIDS Abstracts; Health & Safety Science Abstracts KW - Acquired immune deficiency syndrome KW - Histoplasmosis KW - Retinitis KW - Cryptococcus KW - Cryptococcosis KW - Candidiasis KW - Homosexuality KW - Cytomegalovirus KW - Medical treatment KW - Tuberculosis KW - Herpes simplex virus KW - Encephalitis KW - Human immunodeficiency virus KW - Mycobacterium avium KW - Drug abuse KW - Herpes simplex KW - Candida KW - Toxoplasmosis KW - Opportunist infection KW - Human herpesvirus 8 KW - Cryptosporidiosis KW - Intravenous administration KW - Toxoplasma KW - Kaposi's sarcoma KW - Health care KW - J 02855:Human Bacteriology: Others KW - K 03087:Fungi: human KW - H 11000:Diseases/Injuries/Trauma KW - V 22004:AIDS: Clinical aspects UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16560699?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologyb&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Infectious+Diseases&rft.atitle=Trends+in+AIDS-related+opportunistic+infections+among+men+who+have+sex+with+men+and+among+injecting+drug+users%2C+1991-1996&rft.au=Jones%2C+J+L%3BHanson%2C+D+L%3BDworkin%3BKaplan%2C+JE%3BWard%2C+J+W&rft.aulast=Jones&rft.aufirst=J&rft.date=1998-07-01&rft.volume=178&rft.issue=1&rft.spage=114&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+Infectious+Diseases&rft.issn=00221899&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Candida; Cryptococcus; Cytomegalovirus; Herpes simplex virus; Human herpesvirus 8; Human immunodeficiency virus; Mycobacterium avium; Pneumocystis carinii; Toxoplasma; Tuberculosis; Homosexuality; Cryptosporidiosis; Medical treatment; Drug abuse; Acquired immune deficiency syndrome; Health care; Toxoplasmosis; Retinitis; Herpes simplex; Candidiasis; Cryptococcosis; Kaposi's sarcoma; Opportunist infection; Histoplasmosis; Intravenous administration; Encephalitis ER - TY - JOUR T1 - A large outbreak of botulism: The hazardous baked potato AN - 16560513; 4393076 AB - In April 1994, the largest outbreak of botulism in the United States since 1978 occurred in El Paso, Texas. Thirty persons were affected; 4 required mechanical ventilation. All ate food from a Greek restaurant. The attack rate among persons who ate a potato-based dip was 86% (19/22) compared with 6% (11/176) among persons who did not eat the dip (relative risk [RR] = 13.8; 95% confidence interval [CI], 7.6-25.1). The attack rate among persons who ate an eggplant-based dip was 67% (6/9) compared with 13% (24/189) among persons who did not (RR = 5.2; 95% CI, 2.9-9.5). Botulism toxin type A was detected from patients and in both dips. Toxin formation resulted from holding aluminum foil-wrapped baked potatoes at room temperature, apparently for several days, before they were used in the dips. Consumers should be informed of the potential hazards caused by holding foil-wrapped potatoes at ambient temperatures after cooking. JF - Journal of Infectious Diseases AU - Angulo, F J AU - Getz, J AU - Taylor, J P AU - Hendricks, KA AU - Hatheway, CL AU - Barth, S S AU - Solomon, H M AU - Larson, A E AU - Johnson, E A AU - Nickey, L N AU - Ries, A A AD - Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Mailstop A-38, 1600 Clifton Rd., Atlanta, GA 30333, USA, fja0@cdc.gov Y1 - 1998/07// PY - 1998 DA - Jul 1998 SP - 172 EP - 177 VL - 178 IS - 1 SN - 0022-1899, 0022-1899 KW - USA, Texas KW - USA, Texas, El Paso KW - aluminum KW - baked potatoes KW - botulism KW - man KW - Microbiology Abstracts A: Industrial & Applied Microbiology; Microbiology Abstracts B: Bacteriology; Health & Safety Science Abstracts; Risk Abstracts KW - Ventilation KW - Food KW - Hazards KW - Solanum tuberosum KW - Tubers KW - Botulism KW - Poisoning KW - Food contamination KW - Toxins KW - A 01017:Human foods KW - H 14000:Toxicology KW - R2 23060:Medical and environmental health KW - J 02848:Nervous system UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16560513?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologyb&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Infectious+Diseases&rft.atitle=A+large+outbreak+of+botulism%3A+The+hazardous+baked+potato&rft.au=Angulo%2C+F+J%3BGetz%2C+J%3BTaylor%2C+J+P%3BHendricks%2C+KA%3BHatheway%2C+CL%3BBarth%2C+S+S%3BSolomon%2C+H+M%3BLarson%2C+A+E%3BJohnson%2C+E+A%3BNickey%2C+L+N%3BRies%2C+A+A&rft.aulast=Angulo&rft.aufirst=F&rft.date=1998-07-01&rft.volume=178&rft.issue=1&rft.spage=172&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+Infectious+Diseases&rft.issn=00221899&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Solanum tuberosum; Food contamination; Toxins; Hazards; Food; Ventilation; Poisoning; Botulism; Tubers ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Disco fever: Epidemic meningococcal disease in northeastern Argentina associated with disco patronage AN - 16560415; 4393091 AB - Neisseria meningitidis is a leading cause of adult meningitis worldwide. From 5 to 14 August 1996, 8 cases of meningococcal disease occurred in Corrientes city (population 306,000) in northeastern Argentina. Those infected ranged in age from 15 to 45 years (median, 18.5). To determine risk factors for infection, a case-control study was done. Infecting isolates were serogrouped and underwent phenotyping by multilocus enzyme electrophoresis (MLEE) and pulsed-field gel electrophoresis (PFGE). Those infected were significantly more likely than those not infected to have had exposure to passive or active cigarette smoke or to have attended a particular disco. Isolates available from 6 case-patients were all serogroup C; all had identical MLEE and PFGE patterns. These data suggest that dance clubs or discos may be a focus of transmission of N. meningitidis among young people. JF - Journal of Infectious Diseases AU - Cookson, ST AU - Corrales, J L AU - Lotero, JO AU - Regueira, M AU - Binsztein, N AU - Reeves, M W AU - Ajello, G AU - Jarvis, W R AD - Division of Quarantine, Centers for Disease Control Prevention, 1600 Clifton Rd., Mailstop E-69, Atlanta, GA 30333, USA, sgc0@cdc.gov Y1 - 1998/07// PY - 1998 DA - Jul 1998 SP - 266 EP - 269 VL - 178 IS - 1 SN - 0022-1899, 0022-1899 KW - Argentina KW - man KW - Microbiology Abstracts B: Bacteriology KW - Age KW - Electrophoresis KW - Epidemiology KW - Risk factors KW - Pulsed-field gel electrophoresis KW - Social environment KW - Neisseria meningitidis KW - Meningitis KW - J 02848:Nervous system UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16560415?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologyb&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Infectious+Diseases&rft.atitle=Disco+fever%3A+Epidemic+meningococcal+disease+in+northeastern+Argentina+associated+with+disco+patronage&rft.au=Cookson%2C+ST%3BCorrales%2C+J+L%3BLotero%2C+JO%3BRegueira%2C+M%3BBinsztein%2C+N%3BReeves%2C+M+W%3BAjello%2C+G%3BJarvis%2C+W+R&rft.aulast=Cookson&rft.aufirst=ST&rft.date=1998-07-01&rft.volume=178&rft.issue=1&rft.spage=266&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+Infectious+Diseases&rft.issn=00221899&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Neisseria meningitidis; Meningitis; Social environment; Age; Electrophoresis; Risk factors; Pulsed-field gel electrophoresis; Epidemiology ER - TY - JOUR T1 - HIV prevalence, risk, and partner serodiscordance among pregnant women in Bangkok AN - 16555509; 4367872 AB - Context.--Most prior studies of the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) epidemic in Thailand have focused on commercial sex encounters; however, because the epidemic increasingly concerns stable heterosexual relationships, determining risk factors for this form of transmission is warranted. Objectives.--To determine temporal trends in HIV prevalence, risk factors for HIV seropositivity, and rates of partner serodiscordance for pregnant women in Bangkok, Thailand. Design.--Retrospective review of hospital antenatal clinic HIV test results from 1991 through 1996. Baseline demographic and behavioral risk factors for HIV were assessed for subjects enrolled from November 1992 through March 1994. Setting.--Two Bangkok hospitals with routine antenatal clinic HIV counseling and testing. Participants.--The HIV-positive pregnant women enrolled in a perinatal HIV transmission study and their partners and HIV-negative pregnant controls. Results.--From 1991 through 1996, antenatal clinic HIV seroprevalence increased from 1.0% to 2.3%. On multivariate analysis of data from 342 HIV-positive and 344 HIV-negative pregnant women, more than 1 lifetime sex partner, history of a sexually transmitted disease, and a high-risk sex partner were the most important factors for seropositivity (all P<.001). Twenty-six percent of partners of HIV-positive women were HIV negative. Women reporting more than 1 lifetime sex partner were more likely to have an HIV-negative partner than women reporting only 1 (45% vs 8%; relative risk, 5.5; 95% confidence interval, 3.2-9.5; P<.001); women reporting no high-risk behaviors were less likely to have an HIV-negative partner (10% vs 44%; relative risk, 0.2; 95% confidence interval, 0.1-0.4; P<.001). Conclusions.--Prevalence of HIV in pregnant women has increased steadily in Bangkok from 1991 through 1996. Sex with current partners was the only identified risk exposure for about half (52%) of the HIV-positive women. Although few HIV-positive pregnant women reported high-risk behaviors, more than 1 lifetime partner and a partner with high-risk behavior were strong risk factors for seropositivity. Together with the unexpected finding that one fourth of partners of seropositive pregnant women were seronegative, these data emphasize that women in the general population are at risk for HIV because of the risk behavior of both current and previous partners. JF - Journal of the American Medical Association AU - Siriwasin, W AU - Shaffer, N AU - Roongpisuthipong, A AU - Bhiraleus, P AU - Chinayon, P AU - Wasi, C AU - Singhanati, S AU - Chotpitayasunondh, T AU - Chearskul, S AU - Pokapanichwong, W AU - Mock, P AU - Weniger, B G AU - Mastro, T D AD - HIV/AIDS Collaboration, DMS 6 Building, Ministry of Public Health, Tivanon Road, Nonthaburi 11000, Thailand, nas4@cdc.gov Y1 - 1998/07/01/ PY - 1998 DA - 1998 Jul 01 SP - 49 EP - 54 VL - 280 IS - 1 SN - 0098-7484, 0098-7484 KW - HIV KW - Thailand KW - Thailand, Bangkok KW - human immunodeficiency virus KW - man KW - sexual behavior KW - Risk Abstracts; Virology & AIDS Abstracts KW - Historical account KW - Pregnancy KW - Public health KW - Epidemiology KW - Human immunodeficiency virus KW - Risk factors KW - Diseases KW - Females KW - R2 23060:Medical and environmental health KW - V 22004:AIDS: Clinical aspects UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16555509?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Ariskabstracts&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+the+American+Medical+Association&rft.atitle=HIV+prevalence%2C+risk%2C+and+partner+serodiscordance+among+pregnant+women+in+Bangkok&rft.au=Siriwasin%2C+W%3BShaffer%2C+N%3BRoongpisuthipong%2C+A%3BBhiraleus%2C+P%3BChinayon%2C+P%3BWasi%2C+C%3BSinghanati%2C+S%3BChotpitayasunondh%2C+T%3BChearskul%2C+S%3BPokapanichwong%2C+W%3BMock%2C+P%3BWeniger%2C+B+G%3BMastro%2C+T+D&rft.aulast=Siriwasin&rft.aufirst=W&rft.date=1998-07-01&rft.volume=280&rft.issue=1&rft.spage=49&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+the+American+Medical+Association&rft.issn=00987484&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Human immunodeficiency virus; Public health; Pregnancy; Historical account; Females; Diseases; Epidemiology; Risk factors ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Distinct trends in tuberculosis morbidity among foreign-born and US-born persons in New Jersey, 1986 through 1995 AN - 16552223; 4386493 AB - Objectives. This study evaluated tuberculosis (TB) morbidity trends among foreign-born and US-born persons. Methods. TB surveillance data in New Jersey from 1986 to 1995 were analyzed. Results. The overall TB incidence rate in New Jersey declined 15% from 1992 to 1995 after 7 years of increase. However, the incidence rate of TB in foreign-born persons increased 75% from 1986. through 1995. The proportion of foreign-born persons with TB increased from 20% in 1986 to 37% in 1995. Conclusions. TB morbidity among foreign-born persons has continued to increase, despite the decline in overall TB morbidity since 1992. Targeted TB prevention and control strategies should be developed to effectively reduce TB morbidity in foreign-born persons. JF - American Journal of Public Health AU - Liu, Zhiyuan AU - Shilkret, K L AU - Tranotti, J AU - Freund, C G AU - Finelli, L AD - New Jersey Department of Health and Senior Services, Division of Communicable Diseases, PO Box 369, 3635 Quakerbridge Rd., Trenton, NJ 08625-0369, USA, liu1106w@cdc.gov Y1 - 1998/07// PY - 1998 DA - Jul 1998 SP - 1064 EP - 1067 VL - 88 IS - 7 SN - 0090-0036, 0090-0036 KW - USA, New Jersey KW - man KW - Microbiology Abstracts B: Bacteriology KW - Lung KW - Travellers KW - Immigrants KW - Tuberculosis KW - Mycobacterium tuberculosis KW - J 02845:Ear, nose and respiratory tract UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16552223?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologyb&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=American+Journal+of+Public+Health&rft.atitle=Distinct+trends+in+tuberculosis+morbidity+among+foreign-born+and+US-born+persons+in+New+Jersey%2C+1986+through+1995&rft.au=Liu%2C+Zhiyuan%3BShilkret%2C+K+L%3BTranotti%2C+J%3BFreund%2C+C+G%3BFinelli%2C+L&rft.aulast=Liu&rft.aufirst=Zhiyuan&rft.date=1998-07-01&rft.volume=88&rft.issue=7&rft.spage=1064&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=American+Journal+of+Public+Health&rft.issn=00900036&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Mycobacterium tuberculosis; Immigrants; Tuberculosis; Travellers; Lung ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Facklamia ignava sp. nov., isolated from human clinical specimens AN - 16466855; 4380284 AB - Two strains of a hitherto-undescribed gram-positive, catalase-negative coccus isolated from human sources were characterized by phenotypic and molecular taxonomic methods. Comparative 16S rRNA gene sequencing studies demonstrated that the unknown strains are genealogically identical and constitute a new line close to, but distinct from, Facklamia hominis. The unknown bacterium was readily distinguished from F. hominis by biochemical tests and electrophoretic analysis of whole-cell proteins. On the basis of phylogenetic and phenotypic evidence, it is proposed that the unknown bacterium be classified as Facklamia ignava sp. nov. The type strain of Facklamia ignava is CCUG 37419. JF - Journal of Clinical Microbiology AU - Collins, MD AU - Lawson, P A AU - Monasterio, R AU - Falsen, E AU - Sjoeden, B AU - Facklam, R R AD - Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, 1600 Clifton Rd., N.E., Atlanta, GA 30333, USA, RRF@CDC.GOV Y1 - 1998/07// PY - 1998 DA - Jul 1998 SP - 2146 EP - 2148 VL - 36 IS - 7 SN - 0095-1137, 0095-1137 KW - rRNA 16S KW - Microbiology Abstracts B: Bacteriology KW - J 02710:Identification, taxonomy and typing UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16466855?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologyb&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Clinical+Microbiology&rft.atitle=Facklamia+ignava+sp.+nov.%2C+isolated+from+human+clinical+specimens&rft.au=Collins%2C+MD%3BLawson%2C+P+A%3BMonasterio%2C+R%3BFalsen%2C+E%3BSjoeden%2C+B%3BFacklam%2C+R+R&rft.aulast=Collins&rft.aufirst=MD&rft.date=1998-07-01&rft.volume=36&rft.issue=7&rft.spage=2146&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+Clinical+Microbiology&rft.issn=00951137&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Sudden increase in isolation of group B streptococci, serotype V, is not due to emergence of a new pulsed-field gel electrophoresis type AN - 16466840; 4380275 AB - Until recently, group B streptococcus, serotype V (GBS-V), was an infrequent cause of disease. It is now recognized as a significant cause of infections in both children and adults. To determine if this increase was due to the recent introduction and spread of a single clone of GBS-V, we analyzed, by pulsed-field gel electrophoresis (PFGE), the SmaI chromosomal DNA digests of 45 bacteria: 41 isolated from human infections between 1986 and 1996 in the United States, 2 from human infections in Argentina, and 2 from naturally infected mice. Seventeen patterns were found and arbitrarily designated patterns A to Q. Pattern N constituted 24 (53%) of the isolates and was found in all of the years tested and from all surveillance areas, as well as in both isolates from Argentina, and was very similar to the GBS-V isolated from a mouse. Pattern P was found in three isolates, pattern F was found in two, and the remaining patterns were found in one isolate each. We concluded that the majority of isolates of GBS-V are of one PFGE subtype and that this subtype was predominate before the increase in disease caused by GBS-V and that GBS-V disease is caused by several different subtypes. JF - Journal of Clinical Microbiology AU - Elliott, JA AU - Farmer, K D AU - Facklam, R R AD - Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA 30333, USA, jae1@cdc.gov Y1 - 1998/07// PY - 1998 DA - Jul 1998 SP - 2115 EP - 2116 VL - 36 IS - 7 SN - 0095-1137, 0095-1137 KW - streptococci group B KW - Microbiology Abstracts B: Bacteriology KW - J 02710:Identification, taxonomy and typing UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16466840?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologyb&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Clinical+Microbiology&rft.atitle=Sudden+increase+in+isolation+of+group+B+streptococci%2C+serotype+V%2C+is+not+due+to+emergence+of+a+new+pulsed-field+gel+electrophoresis+type&rft.au=Elliott%2C+JA%3BFarmer%2C+K+D%3BFacklam%2C+R+R&rft.aulast=Elliott&rft.aufirst=JA&rft.date=1998-07-01&rft.volume=36&rft.issue=7&rft.spage=2115&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+Clinical+Microbiology&rft.issn=00951137&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Mortality studies of metalworking fluid exposure in the automobile industry: VI. A case-control study of esophageal cancer AN - 16425564; 4329288 AB - Results are reported from a nested case-control study of 60 esophageal cancer deaths among 46,384 automobile manufacturing workers potentially exposed to metalworking fluids (MWF) in machining and grinding operations. By using incidence-density sampling, controls were selected with a sampling ratio of 20.1 from among co-workers who remained at risk by the age of death of the case, matched on race, gender, plant, and year of birth. Conditional logistic regression was used to evaluate the risk associated with cumulative exposure (mg/m super(3)-years) to each of three types of metalworking fluid (straight, soluble, and synthetic MWF), as well as with years of exposure to selected components of MWF, including nitrosamines, sulfur, biocides, and several metals. Esophageal cancer was found to be significantly associated with exposure to both soluble and synthetic MWF in grinding operations. The odds ratios (ORs) for grinding with soluble MWF were elevated at 2.5 or greater in all categories of cumulative exposure, although the exposure-response trend was statistically significant only when exposure was measured as duration. Those with 12 or more years exposure to soluble MWF in grinding operations experienced a 9.3-fold relative risk of esophageal cancer mortality (95% CI = 2.1-42.1). The OR for ever grinding with synthetic MWF was 4.1 (95% CI = 1.1-15.0). Elevated risk was also associated with two agents found in both synthetic and soluble fluids, nitrosamines, and biocides. For exposure to nitrosamines, the OR was 5.4 (95% CI = 1.5-19.9); for biocides the OR was 3.8 (95% CI = 0.8-18.9). However, because the same workers were exposed to grinding with synthetics, nitrosamines and biocides, it was not possible to separate the specific risks associated with these components. JF - American Journal of Industrial Medicine AU - Sullivan, P A AU - Eisen, E A AU - Woskie AU - Kriebel, D AU - Wegman, D H AU - Hallock, M F AU - Hammond, S K AU - Tolbert, P E AU - Smith, T J AU - Monson, R R AD - Division of Respiratory Disease Studies, NIOSH, 1095 Willowdale Road, Morgantown, WV 26505, USA, pcs5@cdc.gov Y1 - 1998/07// PY - 1998 DA - Jul 1998 SP - 36 EP - 48 VL - 34 IS - 1 SN - 0271-3586, 0271-3586 KW - esophagus KW - metal-working fluids KW - Health & Safety Science Abstracts; Risk Abstracts KW - R2 23080:Industrial and labor KW - H 1000:Occupational Safety and Health UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16425564?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Ariskabstracts&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=American+Journal+of+Industrial+Medicine&rft.atitle=Mortality+studies+of+metalworking+fluid+exposure+in+the+automobile+industry%3A+VI.+A+case-control+study+of+esophageal+cancer&rft.au=Sullivan%2C+P+A%3BEisen%2C+E+A%3BWoskie%3BKriebel%2C+D%3BWegman%2C+D+H%3BHallock%2C+M+F%3BHammond%2C+S+K%3BTolbert%2C+P+E%3BSmith%2C+T+J%3BMonson%2C+R+R&rft.aulast=Sullivan&rft.aufirst=P&rft.date=1998-07-01&rft.volume=34&rft.issue=1&rft.spage=36&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=American+Journal+of+Industrial+Medicine&rft.issn=02713586&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Estimating sample size for epidemiologic studies: the impact of ignoring exposure measurement uncertainty. AN - 80036798; 9682326 AB - Sample size requirements for epidemiologic studies are usually determined on the basis of the desired level of statistical power. Suppose, however, that one is planning a study in which the participants' true exposure levels are unobservable. Instead, the analysis will be based on an imprecise surrogate measure that differs from true exposure by some non-negligible amount of measurement error. Sample size estimates for tests of association between the surrogate exposure measure and the outcome of interest may be misleading if they are based solely on the anticipated characteristics of the distribution of surrogate measures in the study population. We examine the accuracy of sample size estimates for cohort studies in which a continuous surrogate exposure measure is subject to either classical or Berkson measurement error. In particular, we evaluate the consequences of not adjusting the sample size estimation procedure for tests based on imprecise exposure measurements to account for anticipated differences between the distributions of the true exposure and the surrogate measure in the study population. As expected, failure to adjust for classical measurement error can lead to underestimation of the required sample size. Disregard of Berkson measurement error, however, can result in sample size estimates that exceed the actual number of participants required for tests of association between the outcome and the surrogate exposure measure. We illustrate this Berkson error effect by estimating sample size for a hypothetical cohort study that examines an association between childhood exposure to radioiodine and the development of thyroid neoplasms. JF - Statistics in medicine AU - Devine, O J AU - Smith, J M AD - Radiation Studies Branch, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA 30341-3724, USA. ojd1@cdc.gov Y1 - 1998/06/30/ PY - 1998 DA - 1998 Jun 30 SP - 1375 EP - 1389 VL - 17 IS - 12 SN - 0277-6715, 0277-6715 KW - Iodine Radioisotopes KW - 0 KW - Index Medicus KW - Radiation Dosage KW - Age Factors KW - Neoplasms, Radiation-Induced -- etiology KW - Humans KW - Neoplasms, Radiation-Induced -- epidemiology KW - Thyroid Neoplasms -- etiology KW - Child KW - Likelihood Functions KW - Selection Bias KW - Thyroid Neoplasms -- epidemiology KW - Risk Factors KW - Cohort Studies KW - Iodine Radioisotopes -- adverse effects KW - Adolescent KW - Epidemiologic Studies KW - Models, Statistical KW - Sample Size UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/80036798?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Statistics+in+medicine&rft.atitle=Estimating+sample+size+for+epidemiologic+studies%3A+the+impact+of+ignoring+exposure+measurement+uncertainty.&rft.au=Devine%2C+O+J%3BSmith%2C+J+M&rft.aulast=Devine&rft.aufirst=O&rft.date=1998-06-30&rft.volume=17&rft.issue=12&rft.spage=1375&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Statistics+in+medicine&rft.issn=02776715&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1998-09-28 N1 - Date created - 1998-09-28 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Outbreak of Vibrio parahaemolyticus infections associated with eating raw oysters--Pacific Northwest, 1997. AN - 79952269; 9639367 AB - During July-August 1997, the largest reported outbreak in North America of culture-confirmed Vibrio parahaemolyticus infections occurred. Illness in 209 persons was associated with eating raw oysters harvested from California, Oregon, and Washington in the United States and from British Columbia (BC) in Canada; one person died. This report summarizes the investigations of the outbreak, which suggest that elevated water temperatures may have contributed to increased cases of illness and highlights the need for enhanced surveillance for human infections. JF - MMWR. Morbidity and mortality weekly report AU - Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) AD - Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) Y1 - 1998/06/12/ PY - 1998 DA - 1998 Jun 12 SP - 457 EP - 462 VL - 47 IS - 22 SN - 0149-2195, 0149-2195 KW - Index Medicus KW - Animals KW - Foodborne Diseases -- epidemiology KW - Humans KW - Aged KW - Child KW - Disease Outbreaks KW - Oregon -- epidemiology KW - Washington -- epidemiology KW - Adult KW - Middle Aged KW - Adolescent KW - California -- epidemiology KW - British Columbia -- epidemiology KW - Female KW - Male KW - Shellfish Poisoning KW - Vibrio Infections -- etiology KW - Ostreidae -- microbiology KW - Vibrio parahaemolyticus -- isolation & purification KW - Vibrio Infections -- epidemiology KW - Shellfish -- microbiology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/79952269?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=MMWR.+Morbidity+and+mortality+weekly+report&rft.atitle=Outbreak+of+Vibrio+parahaemolyticus+infections+associated+with+eating+raw+oysters--Pacific+Northwest%2C+1997.&rft.au=Centers+for+Disease+Control+and+Prevention+%28CDC%29&rft.aulast=Centers+for+Disease+Control+and+Prevention+%28CDC%29&rft.aufirst=&rft.date=1998-06-12&rft.volume=47&rft.issue=22&rft.spage=457&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=MMWR.+Morbidity+and+mortality+weekly+report&rft.issn=01492195&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1998-06-30 N1 - Date created - 1998-06-30 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Deaths associated with occupational diving--Alaska, 1990-1997. AN - 79952228; 9639365 AB - During 1989-1997, the Occupational Safety and Health Administration (OSHA) recorded 116 occupational diving fatalities in the United States (OSHA, unpublished data, 1998). During 1990-1997, nine persons in Alaska died in work-related diving incidents (four were investigated by OSHA); only one had training beyond a recreational diving certificate, and three lacked any certification. In response to concerns about adequate training of occupational divers in Alaska and recent public inquiry, CDC's National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH) reviewed the nine occupational diving fatalities in Alaska. This report describes three of these incidents, summarizes the results of the review, and provides recommendations to improve the safety of commercial diving. JF - MMWR. Morbidity and mortality weekly report AU - Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) AD - Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) Y1 - 1998/06/12/ PY - 1998 DA - 1998 Jun 12 SP - 452 EP - 455 VL - 47 IS - 22 SN - 0149-2195, 0149-2195 KW - Index Medicus KW - Humans KW - Alaska -- epidemiology KW - Adult KW - Middle Aged KW - Male KW - Diving -- injuries KW - Diving -- adverse effects KW - Accidents, Occupational -- mortality KW - Diving -- statistics & numerical data UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/79952228?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=MMWR.+Morbidity+and+mortality+weekly+report&rft.atitle=Deaths+associated+with+occupational+diving--Alaska%2C+1990-1997.&rft.au=Centers+for+Disease+Control+and+Prevention+%28CDC%29&rft.aulast=Centers+for+Disease+Control+and+Prevention+%28CDC%29&rft.aufirst=&rft.date=1998-06-12&rft.volume=47&rft.issue=22&rft.spage=452&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=MMWR.+Morbidity+and+mortality+weekly+report&rft.issn=01492195&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1998-06-30 N1 - Date created - 1998-06-30 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Community exposure to toluene diisocyanate from a polyurethane foam manufacturing plant--North Carolina, 1997. AN - 79950204; 9639366 AB - In August 1996, residents of a community in Randolph County, North Carolina, contacted the Agency for Toxic Substances and Disease Registry (ATSDR) because of health concerns about possible exposure to chemical emissions from a polyurethane manufacturing plant. ATSDR and the North Carolina Department of Environment, Health, and Natural Resources (NCDEHNR) conducted ambient air monitoring to characterize air contamination near the plant. ATSDR and Randolph County health officials also conducted biologic monitoring to determine whether residents were being exposed to toluene diisocyanate (TDI) emitted from the plant. This report summarizes the results of these investigations, which indicate that residents were being exposed to TDI in ambient air surrounding the plant. JF - MMWR. Morbidity and mortality weekly report AU - Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) AD - Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) Y1 - 1998/06/12/ PY - 1998 DA - 1998 Jun 12 SP - 455 EP - 457 VL - 47 IS - 22 SN - 0149-2195, 0149-2195 KW - Air Pollutants KW - 0 KW - Antibodies KW - Polyurethanes KW - Toluene 2,4-Diisocyanate KW - 17X7AFZ1GH KW - Index Medicus KW - Environmental Monitoring KW - Antibodies -- blood KW - Humans KW - North Carolina KW - Toluene 2,4-Diisocyanate -- adverse effects KW - Toluene 2,4-Diisocyanate -- immunology KW - Air Pollutants -- analysis KW - Environmental Exposure -- adverse effects KW - Air Pollutants -- adverse effects KW - Industry UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/79950204?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=MMWR.+Morbidity+and+mortality+weekly+report&rft.atitle=Community+exposure+to+toluene+diisocyanate+from+a+polyurethane+foam+manufacturing+plant--North+Carolina%2C+1997.&rft.au=Centers+for+Disease+Control+and+Prevention+%28CDC%29&rft.aulast=Centers+for+Disease+Control+and+Prevention+%28CDC%29&rft.aufirst=&rft.date=1998-06-12&rft.volume=47&rft.issue=22&rft.spage=455&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=MMWR.+Morbidity+and+mortality+weekly+report&rft.issn=01492195&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1998-06-30 N1 - Date created - 1998-06-30 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Multistate outbreak of Salmonella serotype Agona infections linked to toasted oats cereal--United States, April-May, 1998. AN - 79949545; 9639368 AB - During April-May 1998, a total of 11 states reported an increase in cases of Salmonella serotype Agona infections; as of June 8, a total of 209 cases have been reported and at least 47 persons have been hospitalized, representing an eightfold increase over the median number of cases reported in those states during 1993-1997. The states reporting increases were Illinois (49 cases), Indiana (30), Ohio (29), New York (24), Missouri (22), Pennsylvania (20), Michigan (15), Iowa (eight), Wisconsin (six), Kansas (four), and West Virginia (two). This report summarizes the outbreak investigation by local, state, and federal public health officials, which implicated Millville brand plain Toasted Oats cereal manufactured by Malt-O-Meal, Inc. as the cause of illness. JF - MMWR. Morbidity and mortality weekly report AU - Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) AD - Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) Y1 - 1998/06/12/ PY - 1998 DA - 1998 Jun 12 SP - 462 EP - 464 VL - 47 IS - 22 SN - 0149-2195, 0149-2195 KW - Index Medicus KW - Humans KW - Adult KW - Serotyping KW - Aged KW - Middle Aged KW - Child KW - Disease Outbreaks KW - Adolescent KW - United States -- epidemiology KW - Male KW - Female KW - Child, Preschool KW - Salmonella Food Poisoning -- etiology KW - Edible Grain -- microbiology KW - Salmonella Food Poisoning -- epidemiology KW - Salmonella -- isolation & purification KW - Salmonella -- classification UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/79949545?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=MMWR.+Morbidity+and+mortality+weekly+report&rft.atitle=Multistate+outbreak+of+Salmonella+serotype+Agona+infections+linked+to+toasted+oats+cereal--United+States%2C+April-May%2C+1998.&rft.au=Centers+for+Disease+Control+and+Prevention+%28CDC%29&rft.aulast=Centers+for+Disease+Control+and+Prevention+%28CDC%29&rft.aufirst=&rft.date=1998-06-12&rft.volume=47&rft.issue=22&rft.spage=462&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=MMWR.+Morbidity+and+mortality+weekly+report&rft.issn=01492195&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1998-06-30 N1 - Date created - 1998-06-30 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Effect of smoking cessation counseling on recovery from alcoholism: findings from a randomized community intervention trial. AN - 73933247; 9744123 AB - To assess the effects of a smoking cessation program for recovering alcoholics on use of alcohol, tobacco and illicit drugs after discharge from residential treatment. A randomized community intervention trial design was employed in which 12 residential drug treatment centers in Iowa, Kansas and Nebraska were matched and then randomly assigned to the intervention or control condition. Approximately 50 adult residents (inpatients) from each site were followed for 12 months after treatment discharge. Participating residents in the six intervention centers received a 4-part, individually tailored, smoking cessation program while those in the six control sites received usual care. Both moderate and heavy drinking rates were reduced in the intervention group. Intervention site participants were significantly more likely than controls to report alcohol abstinence at both the 6-month (OR = 1.59, 95%CI: 1.09-2.35) and 12-month assessment (OR = 1.84, 95%CI: 1.28-2.92). Illicit drug use rates were comparable. Effect of the intervention on tobacco quit rates was not statistically significant. Counseling alcoholics in treatment to quit smoking does not jeopardize the alcohol recovery process. However, low-intensity tobacco interventions are unlikely to yield high tobacco quit rates. JF - Addiction (Abingdon, England) AU - Bobo, J K AU - McIlvain, H E AU - Lando, H A AU - Walker, R D AU - Leed-Kelly, A AD - University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, USA. yzb3@cdc.gov Y1 - 1998/06// PY - 1998 DA - June 1998 SP - 877 EP - 887 VL - 93 IS - 6 SN - 0965-2140, 0965-2140 KW - Index Medicus KW - Smoking KW - Humans KW - Adult KW - Surveys and Questionnaires KW - Substance-Related Disorders KW - Aged KW - Middle Aged KW - Time Factors KW - Male KW - Female KW - Alcoholism -- rehabilitation KW - Smoking Cessation UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/73933247?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Addiction+%28Abingdon%2C+England%29&rft.atitle=Effect+of+smoking+cessation+counseling+on+recovery+from+alcoholism%3A+findings+from+a+randomized+community+intervention+trial.&rft.au=Bobo%2C+J+K%3BMcIlvain%2C+H+E%3BLando%2C+H+A%3BWalker%2C+R+D%3BLeed-Kelly%2C+A&rft.aulast=Bobo&rft.aufirst=J&rft.date=1998-06-01&rft.volume=93&rft.issue=6&rft.spage=877&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Addiction+%28Abingdon%2C+England%29&rft.issn=09652140&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1998-10-06 N1 - Date created - 1998-10-06 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Organic dust exposures from work in dairy barns AN - 17116596; 4426883 AB - Environmental surveys were conducted in 85 barns, predominantly dairy, in central Wisconsin to characterize exposures to organic dusts and dust constituents from routine barn work. Environmental analytes included airborne dusts (total, inhalable inlet, and respirable), particle size distributions, endotoxins, total spore and bacteria counts, viable bacteria and fungi, histamine, cow urine antigen, mite antigen, ammonia, carbon dioxide, and hydrogen sulfide. The geometric mean (GM) concentration of airborne dusts include area total, 0.74 mg/m super(3); personal inhalable inlet, 1.78 mg/m super(3); and area respirable, 0.07 mg/m super(3). Viable bacteria and fungi, spores, endotoxins, histamine, cow urine antigen, and mite antigen were quantifiable constituents of these organic dusts and potential respiratory exposure hazards from routine dairy barn work. Endotoxin concentrations from the inhalable inlet samples ranged from 25.4 endotoxin units per cubic meter of air (EU/m super(3)) to 34,800 EU/m super(3). The GM endotoxin concentration from these samples, 647 EU/m super(3), exceeds estimated threshold exposure levels for respiratory health effects. Ammonia was a common irritant quantified in most dairy barns. There were significant correlations between the concentrations of organic dusts and certain dust constituents, although in most instances these correlations were not strong. These sampling results demonstrate the complex nature of organic dusts and provide quantitative description of the exposures to toxic and immunogenic dust constituents during routine barn work. JF - American Industrial Hygiene Association Journal AU - Kullman, G J AU - Thorne, P S AU - Waldron, P F AU - Marx, J J AU - Ault, B AU - Lewis, D M AU - Siegel, P D AU - Olenchock, SA AU - Merchant, JA AD - Clinical Investigations Branch, Division of Respiratory Diseases Studies, NIOSH - ALOSH - CDC, 1095 Willowdale Road, Morgantown, WV 26505-2888, USA Y1 - 1998/06// PY - 1998 DA - Jun 1998 SP - 403 EP - 413 VL - 59 IS - 6 SN - 0002-8894, 0002-8894 KW - Health & Safety Science Abstracts; Pollution Abstracts; Toxicology Abstracts KW - Air sampling KW - Ammonia KW - Fungi KW - Dairy industry KW - Carbon dioxide KW - Agriculture KW - Endotoxins KW - Dust KW - Occupational exposure KW - Bacteria KW - Organic matter KW - Histamine KW - Air pollution KW - Dairies KW - Organic compounds KW - X 24240:Miscellaneous KW - H 1000:Occupational Safety and Health KW - P 6000:TOXICOLOGY AND HEALTH UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/17116596?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxicologyabstracts&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=American+Industrial+Hygiene+Association+Journal&rft.atitle=Organic+dust+exposures+from+work+in+dairy+barns&rft.au=Kullman%2C+G+J%3BThorne%2C+P+S%3BWaldron%2C+P+F%3BMarx%2C+J+J%3BAult%2C+B%3BLewis%2C+D+M%3BSiegel%2C+P+D%3BOlenchock%2C+SA%3BMerchant%2C+JA&rft.aulast=Kullman&rft.aufirst=G&rft.date=1998-06-01&rft.volume=59&rft.issue=6&rft.spage=403&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=American+Industrial+Hygiene+Association+Journal&rft.issn=00028894&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Endotoxins; Fungi; Dust; Agriculture; Occupational exposure; Air pollution; Ammonia; Organic matter; Organic compounds; Dairies; Carbon dioxide; Air sampling; Bacteria; Dairy industry; Histamine ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Home environmental hazards and the risk of fall injury events among community-dwelling older persons AN - 16550013; 4391780 AB - Objective: To determine if home environmental hazards increase the risk of fall injury events among community-dwelling older persons. Setting: South Miami Beach, Florida. Participants: 270 persons aged 65 years and older who sought treatment at six area hospitals for injuries resulting from falls within the dwelling unit and 691 controls, frequency matched for sex and age, selected randomly from Health Care Financing Administration (Medicare) files. Results: Environmental hazards were present in nearly all dwelling units. After adjusting for important confounding factors, most of these hazards were not associated with an increase risk of fall injury events among most older persons. Increasing numbers of tripping hazards, or total hazards in the dwelling unit, did not increase the risk of fall injury events, nor was there an increasing trend in risk. Conclusions: Current fall-prevention strategies of finding and changing all environmental hazards in all community-dwelling older persons' homes may have less potential effect than previously thought. The usefulness of grab bars, however, appears to warrant further evaluation. JF - Journal of the American Geriatrics Society AU - Sattin, R W AU - Rodriguez, J G AU - DeVito, CA AU - Wingo, P A AD - CDC, NCIPC, Mailstop K-58, 4770 Buford Highw., Atlanta, GA 30341-3724, USA Y1 - 1998/06// PY - 1998 DA - Jun 1998 SP - 669 EP - 676 PB - Williams & Wilkins VL - 46 IS - 6 SN - 0002-8614, 0002-8614 KW - community dwellings KW - elderly KW - falls KW - Risk Abstracts; Health & Safety Science Abstracts KW - Risk assessment KW - Injuries KW - Hazards KW - H 11000:Diseases/Injuries/Trauma KW - R2 23060:Medical and environmental health UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16550013?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Ariskabstracts&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+the+American+Geriatrics+Society&rft.atitle=Home+environmental+hazards+and+the+risk+of+fall+injury+events+among+community-dwelling+older+persons&rft.au=Sattin%2C+R+W%3BRodriguez%2C+J+G%3BDeVito%2C+CA%3BWingo%2C+P+A&rft.aulast=Sattin&rft.aufirst=R&rft.date=1998-06-01&rft.volume=46&rft.issue=6&rft.spage=669&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+the+American+Geriatrics+Society&rft.issn=00028614&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Risk assessment; Injuries; Hazards ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Prospective psychosocial, interpersonal, and behavioral predictors of handgun carrying among adolescents AN - 16543318; 4341544 AB - This study identified behavioral and psychosocial/interpersonal factors in young adolescence that are associated with handgun carrying in later adolescence. A sample of 2200 high school students was surveyed at 9th grade and again at 12th grade. Multivariate logistic regression analyses indicated that measures of risk-taking preference, depression, stress, temper, and drug use assessed while the students were in 9th grade were predictive of handgun carrying in 12th grade for both male and female students. These findings suggest the need for a comprehensive approach to prevention that focuses on both individual and interpersonal factors associated with adolescents' decision to carry a handgun. JF - American Journal of Public Health AU - Simon, T R AU - Richardson, J L AU - Dent, C W AU - Chou, Chih-Ping AU - Flay, B R AD - Mailstop K-60, National Center for Injury Prevention and Control, CDC, 4770 Buford Hwy., Atlanta, GA 30341-3724, USA, tgs9@cdc.gov Y1 - 1998/06// PY - 1998 DA - Jun 1998 SP - 960 EP - 963 VL - 88 IS - 6 SN - 0090-0036, 0090-0036 KW - aggressive behavior KW - depression KW - handguns KW - Risk Abstracts KW - Sociology KW - Psychology KW - Stress KW - Human factors KW - Adolescents KW - R2 23110:Psychological aspects UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16543318?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Ariskabstracts&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=American+Journal+of+Public+Health&rft.atitle=Prospective+psychosocial%2C+interpersonal%2C+and+behavioral+predictors+of+handgun+carrying+among+adolescents&rft.au=Simon%2C+T+R%3BRichardson%2C+J+L%3BDent%2C+C+W%3BChou%2C+Chih-Ping%3BFlay%2C+B+R&rft.aulast=Simon&rft.aufirst=T&rft.date=1998-06-01&rft.volume=88&rft.issue=6&rft.spage=960&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=American+Journal+of+Public+Health&rft.issn=00900036&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Sociology; Adolescents; Psychology; Stress; Human factors ER - TY - JOUR T1 - State estimates of household exposure to firearms, loaded firearms, and handguns, 1991 through 1995 AN - 16542716; 4341545 AB - Variations among states in household exposure to firearms, loaded firearms, and handguns were examined. Data from the Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System in 22 states were used to estimate the prevalence of adults and children exposed to household firearms. The prevalence of adults living in households with firearms ranged from 12% to 57%; the corresponding ranges were 1% to 23% for loaded firearms and 5% to 36% for handguns. The prevalence of children less than 18 years of age living in households with loaded firearms ranged from 2% to 12%. Important variations among states exist in the prevalence of adults and children living in households with firearms, loaded firearms, and handguns. JF - American Journal of Public Health AU - Powell, KE AU - Jacklin, B C AU - Nelson, DE AU - Bland, S AD - Mailstop K-60, National Center for Injury Prevention and Control, CDC, 4770 Buford Hwy., Atlanta, GA 30341-3724, USA Y1 - 1998/06// PY - 1998 DA - Jun 1998 SP - 969 EP - 972 VL - 88 IS - 6 SN - 0090-0036, 0090-0036 KW - USA KW - adults KW - firearms KW - handguns KW - Risk Abstracts KW - Weapons KW - Statistical analysis KW - Geography KW - Children KW - Public health KW - R2 23060:Medical and environmental health UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16542716?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Ariskabstracts&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=American+Journal+of+Public+Health&rft.atitle=State+estimates+of+household+exposure+to+firearms%2C+loaded+firearms%2C+and+handguns%2C+1991+through+1995&rft.au=Powell%2C+KE%3BJacklin%2C+B+C%3BNelson%2C+DE%3BBland%2C+S&rft.aulast=Powell&rft.aufirst=KE&rft.date=1998-06-01&rft.volume=88&rft.issue=6&rft.spage=969&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=American+Journal+of+Public+Health&rft.issn=00900036&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Children; Public health; Weapons; Geography; Statistical analysis ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Evaluation of silica gel packages for transport of Neisseria meningitidis AN - 16525089; 4401568 AB - Eight Neisseria meningitidis reference strains, representing six different serogroups, were plated on 57 blood agar plates each. The growth was harvested and stored in silica gel packages at different temperatures for up to 90 days. When held at 4 degree C, all strains were recovered after 90 days of storage. Strains held at room temperature or alternately at 4 degree C and room temperature survived for at least 10 and 17 days, respectively. JF - Journal of Clinical Microbiology AU - Popovic, T AU - Kim, Ch AU - Schmink, S AU - Ajello, G AD - Epidemiologic Investigations Laboratory, Meningitis and Special Pathogens Branch, Division of Bacterial and Mycotic Diseases, National Center for Infectious Diseases, MS CO2,1600 Clifton Rd., Atlanta, GA 30333, USA, txp1@cdc.gov Y1 - 1998/06// PY - 1998 DA - Jun 1998 SP - 1765 EP - 1766 VL - 36 IS - 6 SN - 0095-1137, 0095-1137 KW - Microbiology Abstracts A: Industrial & Applied Microbiology; Microbiology Abstracts B: Bacteriology KW - A 01116:Bacteria KW - J 02702:Transport, isolation, selection and enrichment UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16525089?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologyb&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Clinical+Microbiology&rft.atitle=Evaluation+of+silica+gel+packages+for+transport+of+Neisseria+meningitidis&rft.au=Popovic%2C+T%3BKim%2C+Ch%3BSchmink%2C+S%3BAjello%2C+G&rft.aulast=Popovic&rft.aufirst=T&rft.date=1998-06-01&rft.volume=36&rft.issue=6&rft.spage=1765&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+Clinical+Microbiology&rft.issn=00951137&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Mycobacterium avium bacilli grow saprozoically in coculture with Acanthamoeba polyphaga and survive within cyst walls AN - 16522704; 4380207 AB - Protozoans are gaining recognition as environmental hosts for a variety of waterborne pathogens. We compared the growth of Mycobacterium avium, a human pathogen associated with domestic water supplies, in coculture with the free-living amoebae Acanthamoeba polyphaga with the growth of M. avium when it was separated from amoebae by a 0.1- mu m-pore-size polycarbonate membrane (in a parachamber). Although viable mycobacteria were observed within amoebal vacuoles, there was no significant difference between bacterial growth in coculture and bacterial growth in the parachamber. This suggests that M. avium is able to grow Saprozoically on products secreted by the amoebae. In contrast, Legionella pneumophila, a well-studied intracellular parasite of amoebae, multiplied only in coculture. A comparison of amoebae infected with L. pneumophila and amoebae infected with M. avium by electron microscopy demonstrated that there were striking differences in the locations of the bacteria within amoebal cysts. While L. pneumophila resided within the cysts, M. avium was found within the outer walls of the double-walled cysts of A. polyphaga. These locations may provide a reservoir for the bacteria when environmental conditions become unfavorable. JF - Applied and Environmental Microbiology AU - Steinert, M AU - Birkness, K AU - White, E AU - Fields, B AU - Quinn, F AD - Respiratory Diseases Branch, Division of Bacterial and Mycotic Diseases, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, 1600 Clifton Road, Atlanta, GA 30333, USA, zma7@cdc.gov Y1 - 1998/06// PY - 1998 DA - Jun 1998 SP - 2256 EP - 2261 VL - 64 IS - 6 SN - 0099-2240, 0099-2240 KW - Mycoplasma-like organisms KW - growth KW - Microbiology Abstracts B: Bacteriology; Microbiology Abstracts C: Algology, Mycology & Protozoology KW - J 02890:Microbial symbiosis, antibiosis and predation KW - K 03093:Viruses & bacteria of microorganisms UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16522704?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologyb&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Applied+and+Environmental+Microbiology&rft.atitle=Mycobacterium+avium+bacilli+grow+saprozoically+in+coculture+with+Acanthamoeba+polyphaga+and+survive+within+cyst+walls&rft.au=Steinert%2C+M%3BBirkness%2C+K%3BWhite%2C+E%3BFields%2C+B%3BQuinn%2C+F&rft.aulast=Steinert&rft.aufirst=M&rft.date=1998-06-01&rft.volume=64&rft.issue=6&rft.spage=2256&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Applied+and+Environmental+Microbiology&rft.issn=00992240&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - CDC group O-3: phenotypic characteristics, fatty acid composition, isoprenoid quinone content, and in vitro antimicrobic susceptibilities of an unusual gram-negative bacterium isolated from clinical specimens AN - 16466217; 4401561 AB - Between 1983 and 1994, 13 phenotypically similar unidentified clinical isolates were received by the Special Bacteriology Reference Laboratory, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC). Sources included blood (four strains), lung (three strains), knee fluid and duodenal tissue (one strain each), bone, and lymph node tissue (two strains each). All were aerobic glucose-oxidizing, slender, long, curved gram-negative rods that utilized xylose, sucrose, and maltose; did not grow on MacConkey agar in 1 to 2 days; were oxidase positive; hydrolyzed esculin; and grew on Campylobacter selective medium. All were negative for urease, indole, nitrate reduction, and gelatin hydrolysis. All were motile by means of a single polar flagellum with a noticeably short wavelength; however, motility was sometimes difficult to demonstrate. The cellular fatty acid compositions of these strains, as analyzed by gas-liquid chromatography, were unique, characterized by relatively large amounts of 16:1 omega 7c, 16:0, and 18:1 omega 7c with smaller amounts of 12:0, 3-OH-12:1, 14:0, 15:0,18:0, Br-19:1, and 19:0cyc super(11-12). High-performance liquid chromatography and mass spectrometry of the quinone extracts of three representative strains showed ubiquinone-10 as the major component. Based on the breakpoints for the family Enterobacteriaceae, all the strains were susceptible in vitro to aminoglycosides, sulfamethoxazole-trimethoprim, and chloramphenicol but were resistant to most beta-lactams except imipenem. The MICs of amoxicillin-clavulanate and ciprofloxacin for these strains clustered around the breakpoints, which makes it difficult to predict the strains' response in vivo to these agents. This group has been designated CDC oxidizer group 3 (O-3). JF - Journal of Clinical Microbiology AU - Daneshvar, MI AU - Hill, B AU - Hollis, D G AU - Moss, C W AU - Jordan, J G AU - Macgregor, J P AU - Tenover, F AU - Weyant, R S AD - Analytical Chemistry Laboratory, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Mailstop G06, Atlanta, GA 30333, USA, MID2@CDC.GOV Y1 - 1998/06// PY - 1998 DA - Jun 1998 SP - 1674 EP - 1678 VL - 36 IS - 6 SN - 0095-1137, 0095-1137 KW - CDC oxidizer group 3 KW - phenotypes KW - Microbiology Abstracts A: Industrial & Applied Microbiology; Microbiology Abstracts B: Bacteriology KW - J 02710:Identification, taxonomy and typing KW - A 01066:Antibacterial & bactericidal UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16466217?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologyb&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Clinical+Microbiology&rft.atitle=CDC+group+O-3%3A+phenotypic+characteristics%2C+fatty+acid+composition%2C+isoprenoid+quinone+content%2C+and+in+vitro+antimicrobic+susceptibilities+of+an+unusual+gram-negative+bacterium+isolated+from+clinical+specimens&rft.au=Daneshvar%2C+MI%3BHill%2C+B%3BHollis%2C+D+G%3BMoss%2C+C+W%3BJordan%2C+J+G%3BMacgregor%2C+J+P%3BTenover%2C+F%3BWeyant%2C+R+S&rft.aulast=Daneshvar&rft.aufirst=MI&rft.date=1998-06-01&rft.volume=36&rft.issue=6&rft.spage=1674&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+Clinical+Microbiology&rft.issn=00951137&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Use of tests for acidification of methyl- alpha -D-glucopyranoside and susceptibility to efrotomycin for differentiation of strains of Enterococcus and some related genera AN - 16459919; 4401553 AB - A total of 107 Enterococcus strains, 10 Vagococcus fluvialis strains, and 8 Lactococcus garvieae strains were tested for acidification of methyl- alpha -D-glucopyranoside (MGP) and susceptibility to 100- mu g efrotomycin (EFRO) disks. All 26 strains of Enterococcus casseliflavus, including 3 non-motile and 2 non-pigmented strains, acidified MGP and were resistant to EFRO. All 22 strains of Enterococcus gallinarum, including 5 non-motile strains, also acidified MGP and were resistant to EFRO. None of the 26 strains of Enterococcus faecium acidified MGP, and all were susceptible to EFRO. Although all 12 Enterococcus faecalis strains were also negative in the MGP test, they were resistant to EFRO. Other enterococcal strains gave variable results. All 10 strains of V. fluvialis and all 8 strains of L. garvieae gave positive and negative results, respectively, in the MGP test and were, respectively, resistant and susceptible to EFRO. These results indicate that tests of the production of acid from MGP and susceptibility to EFRO can be used as adjunct tests in the identification of typical and atypical strains of enterococci in the clinical microbiology laboratory. JF - Journal of Clinical Microbiology AU - Carvalho, MDGS AU - Teixeira, L M AU - Facklam, R R AD - Childhood and Respiratory Diseases Branch MS-C02, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA 30333, USA, rrf2@cdc.gov Y1 - 1998/06// PY - 1998 DA - Jun 1998 SP - 1584 EP - 1587 VL - 36 IS - 6 SN - 0095-1137, 0095-1137 KW - Methyl- alpha -D-glucopyranoside KW - efrotomycin KW - Microbiology Abstracts B: Bacteriology KW - J 02710:Identification, taxonomy and typing UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16459919?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologyb&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Clinical+Microbiology&rft.atitle=Use+of+tests+for+acidification+of+methyl-+alpha+-D-glucopyranoside+and+susceptibility+to+efrotomycin+for+differentiation+of+strains+of+Enterococcus+and+some+related+genera&rft.au=Carvalho%2C+MDGS%3BTeixeira%2C+L+M%3BFacklam%2C+R+R&rft.aulast=Carvalho&rft.aufirst=MDGS&rft.date=1998-06-01&rft.volume=36&rft.issue=6&rft.spage=1584&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+Clinical+Microbiology&rft.issn=00951137&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Age-Dependent Neisseria meningitidis Serogroup C Class-Specific Antibody Concentrations and Bactericidal Titers in Sera from Young Children from Montana Immunized with a Licensed Polysaccharide Vaccine AN - 16425653; 4322851 AB - Neisseria meningitidis serogroup C bactericidal titers and class-specific enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) antibody concentrations were measured in sera from 173 children (1 to 5 years old) before and 6 weeks and 7 months following vaccination with a quadrivalent (A/C/Y/W-135) polysaccharide vaccine. The immune responses of the children were compared with those of 40 adults 6 weeks postvaccination. Both bactericidal titers and ELISA antibody concentrations were significantly higher in the adults than in the children (P 50% of all children retained greater than or equal to 2 mu g of total antibody per ml at 7 months postimmunization. However, the bactericidal titers suggest that <10% of children <4 years old retained a greater than or equal to 4-fold increase at 7 months following vaccination. Of particular note, 59 of 79 sera (75%) from the 1- and 2-year-olds had high ELISA antibody concentrations (2 to 20 mu g/ml) with no associated bactericidal titer (<1:8). Discordant results between bactericidal titers and ELISA antibody concentrations were not explained by the presence of IgA blocking antibody or relative levels of IgG and IgM. The bactericidal results show age-dependent differences in the production and retention of antibody in young children immunized with serogroup C polysaccharide; these differences are not evident with the ELISA data. JF - Infection and Immunity AU - Maslanka, SE AU - Tappero, J W AU - Plikaytis, B D AU - Brumberg, R S AU - Dykes, J K AU - Gheesling, L L AU - Donaldson, KBJ AU - Schuchat, A AU - Pullman, J AU - Jones, M AU - Bushmaker, J AU - Carlone, G M AD - Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, 1600 Clifton Rd., Mailstop C07, Atlanta, GA 30333, USA, SHT5@CDC.GOV Y1 - 1998/06// PY - 1998 DA - Jun 1998 SP - 2453 EP - 2459 VL - 66 IS - 6 SN - 0019-9567, 0019-9567 KW - Children KW - Neisseria meningitidis KW - USA, Montana KW - polysaccharides KW - Immunology Abstracts; Microbiology Abstracts B: Bacteriology KW - J 02834:Vaccination and immunization KW - F 06807:Active immunization UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16425653?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologyb&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Infection+and+Immunity&rft.atitle=Age-Dependent+Neisseria+meningitidis+Serogroup+C+Class-Specific+Antibody+Concentrations+and+Bactericidal+Titers+in+Sera+from+Young+Children+from+Montana+Immunized+with+a+Licensed+Polysaccharide+Vaccine&rft.au=Maslanka%2C+SE%3BTappero%2C+J+W%3BPlikaytis%2C+B+D%3BBrumberg%2C+R+S%3BDykes%2C+J+K%3BGheesling%2C+L+L%3BDonaldson%2C+KBJ%3BSchuchat%2C+A%3BPullman%2C+J%3BJones%2C+M%3BBushmaker%2C+J%3BCarlone%2C+G+M&rft.aulast=Maslanka&rft.aufirst=SE&rft.date=1998-06-01&rft.volume=66&rft.issue=6&rft.spage=2453&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Infection+and+Immunity&rft.issn=00199567&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - The impact of gender and estrogen on striatal dopaminergic neurotoxicity. AN - 80011541; 9668673 AB - The reproductive properties of estrogen are well established, but it is now evident that this steroid hormone has substantial modulatory capabilities in nonreproductive systems. For example, estrogen may be neuroprotective as Alzheimer's disease progresses more slowly in women receiving hormone replacement therapy, and Parkinson's disease affects more men than women. Gender affects both the functional biochemical responses of the nigral-striatal pathway to dopaminergically active compounds. To begin to evaluate the possible neuroprotective effects of estrogen in this pathway, we first determined if gender affected dopaminergic striatal neurotoxicity induced by two different neurotoxicants, 1-methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine (MPTP) and methamphetamine (METH). Both agents induced greater neurotoxicity in males than females as evidenced by greater striatal dopamine (DA) depletions. An examination of striatal levels of 1-methyl-4-phenylpyridium ion (MPP+) following MPTP treatment established that the observed gender differences were not due to metabolic/pharmacokinetic variables. The neurotoxicity of MPTP was then examined in ovariectomized (OVX) mice. Estrogen replacement reduced the DA, dihydroxyphenylacetic acid (DOPAC) and homovanillic acid (HVA) depletions as well as the glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP) elevation induced by MPTP, which indicates that estrogen has neuroprotective properties in this model of striatal dopaminergic neurotoxicity. Surprisingly, estrogen supplementation did not protect against the neurotoxic effects of MPTP in intact 2-yr-old intact female mice, suggesting that low endogenous levels of estrogen may provide neuroprotection. JF - Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences AU - Miller, D B AU - Ali, S F AU - O'Callaghan, J P AU - Laws, S C AD - Toxiology & Molecular Biology Branch, CDC/NIOSH, Morgantown, West Virginia 26505-2888, USA. dum6@niords1.em.cdc.gov Y1 - 1998/05/30/ PY - 1998 DA - 1998 May 30 SP - 153 EP - 165 VL - 844 SN - 0077-8923, 0077-8923 KW - Neuroprotective Agents KW - 0 KW - Neurotoxins KW - Methamphetamine KW - 44RAL3456C KW - Estradiol KW - 4TI98Z838E KW - 1-Methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine KW - 9P21XSP91P KW - Dopamine KW - VTD58H1Z2X KW - Index Medicus KW - Aging -- physiology KW - Animals KW - Mice, Inbred C57BL KW - Ovariectomy KW - Mice KW - Uterus -- anatomy & histology KW - Uterus -- drug effects KW - Male KW - Female KW - Organ Size -- drug effects KW - Sex Characteristics KW - Corpus Striatum -- metabolism KW - Estradiol -- pharmacology KW - 1-Methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine -- pharmacology KW - Methamphetamine -- pharmacology KW - Neurotoxins -- pharmacology KW - Dopamine -- metabolism KW - Neuroprotective Agents -- pharmacology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/80011541?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Annals+of+the+New+York+Academy+of+Sciences&rft.atitle=The+impact+of+gender+and+estrogen+on+striatal+dopaminergic+neurotoxicity.&rft.au=Miller%2C+D+B%3BAli%2C+S+F%3BO%27Callaghan%2C+J+P%3BLaws%2C+S+C&rft.aulast=Miller&rft.aufirst=D&rft.date=1998-05-30&rft.volume=844&rft.issue=&rft.spage=153&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Annals+of+the+New+York+Academy+of+Sciences&rft.issn=00778923&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1998-08-13 N1 - Date created - 1998-08-13 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Plesiomonas shigelloides and Salmonella serotype Hartford infections associated with a contaminated water supply--Livingston County, New York, 1996. AN - 79912278; 9614009 AB - On June 24, 1996, the Livingston County (New York) Department of Health (LCDOH) was notified of a cluster of diarrheal illness following a party on June 22, at which approximately 30 persons had become ill. This report summarizes the findings of the investigation, which implicated water contaminated with Plesiomonas shigelloides and Salmonella serotype Hartford as the cause of the outbreak. JF - MMWR. Morbidity and mortality weekly report AU - Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) AD - Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) Y1 - 1998/05/22/ PY - 1998 DA - 1998 May 22 SP - 394 EP - 396 VL - 47 IS - 19 SN - 0149-2195, 0149-2195 KW - Index Medicus KW - Humans KW - Serotyping KW - Aged KW - Child KW - New York -- epidemiology KW - Disease Outbreaks KW - Water Microbiology KW - Child, Preschool KW - Food Microbiology KW - Adult KW - Middle Aged KW - Adolescent KW - Cluster Analysis KW - Female KW - Male KW - Plesiomonas -- isolation & purification KW - Gram-Negative Bacterial Infections -- etiology KW - Water Supply KW - Salmonella Infections -- etiology KW - Food Contamination KW - Salmonella -- isolation & purification KW - Salmonella Infections -- epidemiology KW - Gram-Negative Bacterial Infections -- epidemiology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/79912278?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=MMWR.+Morbidity+and+mortality+weekly+report&rft.atitle=Plesiomonas+shigelloides+and+Salmonella+serotype+Hartford+infections+associated+with+a+contaminated+water+supply--Livingston+County%2C+New+York%2C+1996.&rft.au=Centers+for+Disease+Control+and+Prevention+%28CDC%29&rft.aulast=Centers+for+Disease+Control+and+Prevention+%28CDC%29&rft.aufirst=&rft.date=1998-05-22&rft.volume=47&rft.issue=19&rft.spage=394&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=MMWR.+Morbidity+and+mortality+weekly+report&rft.issn=01492195&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1998-06-04 N1 - Date created - 1998-06-04 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Pregnancy-related death associated with heparin and aspirin treatment for infertility, 1996. AN - 79887535; 9603628 AB - In 1996, a 38-year-old nulliparous woman died from complications of a cerebral hemorrhage. She was approximately 9 weeks' pregnant with triplets at the time of her death. The patient had undergone in vitro fertilization (IVF) and was being treated with anticoagulants (heparin and aspirin) and intravenous immunoglobulin at the time of her death. This report summarizes the investigation of this case by state and county health departments with assistance from CDC. JF - MMWR. Morbidity and mortality weekly report AU - Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) AD - Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) Y1 - 1998/05/15/ PY - 1998 DA - 1998 May 15 SP - 368 EP - 371 VL - 47 IS - 18 SN - 0149-2195, 0149-2195 KW - Anticoagulants KW - 0 KW - Immunoglobulins, Intravenous KW - Platelet Aggregation Inhibitors KW - Heparin KW - 9005-49-6 KW - Aspirin KW - R16CO5Y76E KW - Index Medicus KW - Fatal Outcome KW - Humans KW - Adult KW - Immunotherapy -- adverse effects KW - Triplets KW - Female KW - Pregnancy KW - Platelet Aggregation Inhibitors -- adverse effects KW - Cerebral Hemorrhage -- physiopathology KW - Pregnancy Complications, Hematologic -- etiology KW - Aspirin -- adverse effects KW - Anticoagulants -- adverse effects KW - Pregnancy Complications, Hematologic -- physiopathology KW - Fertilization in Vitro KW - Cerebral Hemorrhage -- etiology KW - Heparin -- adverse effects UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/79887535?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=MMWR.+Morbidity+and+mortality+weekly+report&rft.atitle=Pregnancy-related+death+associated+with+heparin+and+aspirin+treatment+for+infertility%2C+1996.&rft.au=Centers+for+Disease+Control+and+Prevention+%28CDC%29&rft.aulast=Centers+for+Disease+Control+and+Prevention+%28CDC%29&rft.aufirst=&rft.date=1998-05-15&rft.volume=47&rft.issue=18&rft.spage=368&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=MMWR.+Morbidity+and+mortality+weekly+report&rft.issn=01492195&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1998-05-28 N1 - Date created - 1998-05-28 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - New approaches for detecting thresholds of human nephrotoxicity using cadmium as an example. AN - 79976533; 9647892 AB - Damage to the kidneys is one of the primary toxic actions of metals. Nephrotoxic substances not only cause renal disease directly, but they can also destroy renal reserve capacity, potentially placing those people with additional risk factors, such as diabetes, hypertension, cardiovascular disease, and genetic predispositions, at greater risk. To detect nephrotoxicity in people at a stage where intervention can be effective, sensitive methods are needed. One of the major advantages of using sensitive biomarkers of renal damage is that people who may be particularly susceptible to renal damage can be identified early, at a reversible stage of damage, and the progression to end-stage renal disease may be halted or delayed. Various categories of tests can be used to detect effects of nephrotoxic substances on the kidney. Through the use of biomarkers of damage to various parts of the nephron, U.S. and European studies have both shown a similar pattern of damage among men occupationally exposed to cadmium. These studies indicate various thresholds of renal effects, which researchers suggest represent a cascade of progressively severe damage to the kidney. Research into new biomarkers of damage caused by exposure to nephrotoxic substances centers around mechanisms of cell death, including necrosis and apoptosis; mechanisms of cell growth, regeneration, and proliferation, including factors that control cell cycle, influence gene expression, and modulate nucleic acid synthesis; and genetic factors that increase susceptibility to renal disease. Examples of types of candidate biomarkers include cytokines, lipid mediators, growth factors, transcription factors and protooncogenes, extracellular matrix components (collagen, glycoproteins, and proteoglycans), and cell adhesion molecules. Research into new categories of biomarkers may provide additional insights into the mechanisms of damage caused by nephrotoxins. JF - Environmental health perspectives AU - Mueller, P W AU - Price, R G AU - Finn, W F AD - Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA 30341, USA. Y1 - 1998/05// PY - 1998 DA - May 1998 SP - 227 EP - 230 VL - 106 IS - 5 SN - 0091-6765, 0091-6765 KW - Biomarkers KW - 0 KW - Index Medicus KW - Differential Threshold KW - Humans KW - Biomarkers -- analysis KW - Nephrology -- trends KW - Nephrology -- methods KW - Kidney Diseases -- diagnosis KW - Kidney Diseases -- chemically induced KW - Cadmium Poisoning -- diagnosis UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/79976533?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Environmental+health+perspectives&rft.atitle=New+approaches+for+detecting+thresholds+of+human+nephrotoxicity+using+cadmium+as+an+example.&rft.au=Mueller%2C+P+W%3BPrice%2C+R+G%3BFinn%2C+W+F&rft.aulast=Mueller&rft.aufirst=P&rft.date=1998-05-01&rft.volume=106&rft.issue=5&rft.spage=227&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Environmental+health+perspectives&rft.issn=00916765&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1998-09-02 N1 - Date created - 1998-09-02 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - SuppNotes - Cited By: Toxicol Appl Pharmacol. 1969 Jan;14(1):97-107 [5775564] Occup Environ Med. 1995 Nov;52(11):770-2 [8535498] Arch Environ Health. 1974 Mar;28(3):145-8 [4810886] Int Arch Occup Environ Health. 1980;45(3):271-4 [7390632] Scand J Work Environ Health. 1982 Sep;8(3):191-200 [7156938] J Natl Cancer Inst. 1984 Nov;73(5):1235-42 [6593494] J Appl Toxicol. 1986 Jun;6(3):171-8 [2424964] Cancer Chemother Pharmacol. 1986;18(1):69-73 [2875808] Am J Hypertens. 1995 Nov;8(11):1072-82 [8554730] Ann Clin Lab Sci. 1995 Nov-Dec;25(6):493-503 [8572558] Ren Fail. 1997 Jul;19(4):501-4 [9276900] Ren Fail. 1997 Jul;19(4):505-21 [9276901] Ren Fail. 1997 Jul;19(4):523-34 [9276902] Ren Fail. 1997 Jul;19(4):553-66 [9276904] Ren Fail. 1997 Jul;19(4):575-94 [9276907] Clin Chem. 1994 Jul;40(7 Pt 2):1391-4 [8013125] J Clin Oncol. 1987 May;5(5):804-10 [3471866] Br J Ind Med. 1989 Mar;46(3):165-70 [2649143] Nephron. 1989;52(1):45-54 [2565539] Br J Ind Med. 1989 Nov;46(11):755-64 [2686749] Cancer. 1991 Mar 15;67(6):1608-13 [2001549] Br J Ind Med. 1991 Jun;48(6):365-74 [2064974] Arch Environ Contam Toxicol. 1992 Jul;23(1):125-36 [1637191] Br J Ind Med. 1993 Jan;50(1):17-27 [8431387] Br J Ind Med. 1993 Jan;50(1):28-36 [8431388] Br J Ind Med. 1993 Jan;50(1):37-48 [8431389] Life Sci. 1993;52(14):1181-6 [8450710] Clin Chem. 1993 May;39(5):743-5 [8485864] Br J Ind Med. 1993 Jul;50(7):598-602 [8343420] Neth J Med. 1994 Jan;44(1):12-7 [8202200] Nephron. 1994;67(3):308-16 [7936021] Environ Health Perspect. 1994 Sep;102 Suppl 3:293-6 [7843118] Kidney Int Suppl. 1994 Nov;47:S52-7 [7869672] Occup Environ Med. 1995 Mar;52(3):181-4 [7735391] Chem Biol Interact. 1973 Aug;7(2):101-13 [4766939] N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Poisoning mortality, 1985-1995. AN - 79946023; 9633866 AB - Poisoning was reported as the underlying cause of death for 18,549 people in the United States in 1995 and was ranked as the third leading cause of injury mortality, following deaths from motor vehicle traffic injuries and firearm injuries. Poisoning was the leading cause of injury death for people ages 35 to 44 years. Poisoning death rates were higher in 1995 than in any previous year since at least 1979. From 1990 to 1995, the age-adjusted rate of death from poisoning increased 25%; all of the increase was associated with drugs. About three-fourths of poisoning deaths (77%) in 1995 were caused by drugs. The age-adjusted rate of drug-related poisoning deaths for males (7.2 per 100,000) in 1995 was more than twice that for females (3.0 per 100,000). From 1985 to 1995, poisoning death rates for males ages 35-54 years nearly doubled to 20.4 per 100,000, and the drug-related poisoning death rate for males ages 35-54 years nearly tripled, reaching 16.1 per 100,000. From 1990 to 1995, death rates associated with opiates and cocaine more than doubled among males ages 35-54 years. The numbers of opiate and cocaine poisoning deaths for 1995 more than doubled when all multiple cause of death codes were examined instead of only the underlying cause of death codes. JF - Public health reports (Washington, D.C. : 1974) AU - Fingerhut, L A AU - Cox, C S AD - Office of Analysis, Epidemiology and Health Promotion, National Center for Health Statistics, Hyattsville, MD 20782, USA. laf4@cdc.gov PY - 1998 SP - 218 EP - 233 VL - 113 IS - 3 SN - 0033-3549, 0033-3549 KW - Abridged Index Medicus KW - Index Medicus KW - Population KW - United States KW - North America KW - Mortality KW - Americas KW - Sex Factors KW - Population Dynamics KW - Age Specific Death Rate KW - Developed Countries KW - Death Rate KW - Northern America KW - Causes Of Death KW - Population Characteristics KW - Accidental Deaths KW - Demographic Factors KW - Humans KW - Aged KW - Mortality -- trends KW - Child KW - Cause of Death KW - Age Distribution KW - Child, Preschool KW - Infant KW - Aged, 80 and over KW - Adult KW - Middle Aged KW - Adolescent KW - United States -- epidemiology KW - Sex Distribution KW - Female KW - Male KW - Poisoning -- classification KW - Poisoning -- mortality KW - Poisoning -- etiology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/79946023?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Public+health+reports+%28Washington%2C+D.C.+%3A+1974%29&rft.atitle=Poisoning+mortality%2C+1985-1995.&rft.au=Fingerhut%2C+L+A%3BCox%2C+C+S&rft.aulast=Fingerhut&rft.aufirst=L&rft.date=1998-05-01&rft.volume=113&rft.issue=3&rft.spage=218&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Public+health+reports+%28Washington%2C+D.C.+%3A+1974%29&rft.issn=00333549&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1998-07-06 N1 - Date created - 1998-07-06 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - SuppNotes - Cited By: J Toxicol Clin Toxicol. 1987;25(5):429-35 [3430659] Am J Epidemiol. 1986 Aug;124(2):161-79 [3524199] Public Health Rep. 1993 Sep-Oct;108(5):565-70 [8416115] Ethn Dis. 1991 Summer;1(3):257-62 [1842538] Comment In: Public Health Rep. 1998 May-Jun;113(3):234-5 [9696674] Public Health Rep. 1998 Sep-Oct;113(5):379-80 [9769757] Erratum In: Public Health Rep 1998 Sep-Oct;113(5):380 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Silicosis deaths among young adults--United States, 1968-1994. AN - 79870958; 9583901 AB - Silicosis is a potentially fatal and typically chronic fibrotic lung disease caused by occupational exposure to respirable crystalline silica dust. In the United States, most silicosis-associated deaths occur among persons aged > or = 65 years, often following many years of silica dust exposure. However, the continuing occurrence of silicosis deaths in young adults reflects relatively recent overexposures, some of sufficient magnitude to cause severe disease and death after relatively short periods of exposure. This report describes deaths among two young adults with silicosis and underscores the risk for deaths from silicosis at relatively young ages. JF - MMWR. Morbidity and mortality weekly report AU - Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) AD - Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) Y1 - 1998/05/01/ PY - 1998 DA - 1998 May 01 SP - 331 EP - 335 VL - 47 IS - 16 SN - 0149-2195, 0149-2195 KW - Index Medicus KW - Humans KW - Adult KW - Aged KW - Middle Aged KW - Adolescent KW - United States -- epidemiology KW - Male KW - Female KW - Age Distribution KW - Silicosis -- mortality UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/79870958?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=MMWR.+Morbidity+and+mortality+weekly+report&rft.atitle=Silicosis+deaths+among+young+adults--United+States%2C+1968-1994.&rft.au=Centers+for+Disease+Control+and+Prevention+%28CDC%29&rft.aulast=Centers+for+Disease+Control+and+Prevention+%28CDC%29&rft.aufirst=&rft.date=1998-05-01&rft.volume=47&rft.issue=16&rft.spage=331&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=MMWR.+Morbidity+and+mortality+weekly+report&rft.issn=01492195&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1998-05-13 N1 - Date created - 1998-05-13 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Health effects classification and its role in the derivation of minimal risk levels: neurological effects. AN - 79830940; 9569449 AB - The agency for Toxic Substances and Disease Registry (ATSDR) uses substance-specific minimal risk levels (MRLs) to assist in evaluating public health risks associated with exposure to hazardous substances. By definition, "MRLs are estimates of daily human exposure to a chemical that are likely to be without an appreciable risk of adverse noncancer health effects over a specified duration of exposure." MRLs serve as screening levels for health assessors to identify contaminants and potential health effects that may be of concern for population living near hazardous waste sites and chemical releases. MRLs for each substance are derived for acute (1-14 days), intermediate (15-364 days), and chronic (365 days and longer) exposure durations, and for the oral and inhalation routes of exposure. The MRLs are derived from data compiled from a current comprehensive literature search and are presented in ATSDR's toxicological profile for that substance. In this paper we outline ATSDR's guidance for evaluating the neurological end point as discussed in the agency's toxicological profiles. Ranking neurological effects into less serious and serious categories and applying this procedure to the derivation of health guidance values or MRLs are also described. Specific examples of ATSDR MRLs based on neurological effects are presented. JF - Toxicology and industrial health AU - Chou, C H AU - Williams-Johnson, M AD - Department of Health and Human Services, Agency for Toxic Substances and Disease Registry, Public Health Service, Atlanta, Georgia, USA. cjc3@cdc.gov PY - 1998 SP - 455 EP - 471 VL - 14 IS - 3 SN - 0748-2337, 0748-2337 KW - Cholinesterase Inhibitors KW - 0 KW - Environmental Pollutants KW - Index Medicus KW - United States KW - Registries KW - Cholinesterase Inhibitors -- pharmacology KW - No-Observed-Adverse-Effect Level KW - Humans KW - Risk Assessment KW - Public Health KW - Nervous System Diseases -- chemically induced KW - Health Systems Agencies KW - Environmental Pollutants -- adverse effects UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/79830940?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Toxicology+and+industrial+health&rft.atitle=Health+effects+classification+and+its+role+in+the+derivation+of+minimal+risk+levels%3A+neurological+effects.&rft.au=Chou%2C+C+H%3BWilliams-Johnson%2C+M&rft.aulast=Chou&rft.aufirst=C&rft.date=1998-05-01&rft.volume=14&rft.issue=3&rft.spage=455&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Toxicology+and+industrial+health&rft.issn=07482337&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1998-06-18 N1 - Date created - 1998-06-18 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - The National Exposure Registry: analyses of health outcomes from the benzene subregistry. AN - 79830723; 9569445 AB - The purpose of the National Exposure Registry is to assess the long-term health consequences to a general population from long-term, low-level exposures to specific substances in the environment. This study investigates the health outcomes of 1,143 persons (1,127 living, 16 deceased) living in south central Texas who had documented environmental exposure to benzene (up to 66ppb) in tap water. As with all subregistries, face-to-face interviews were used to collect self-reported information for 25 general health status questions. Using computer-assisted telephone interviewing, the same health questions were asked 1 year (Followup 1, F1) and 2 years later (Followup 2, F2). The health outcome rates for Baseline and Followup 1 and 2 data collections for the Benzene Subregistry were compared with national norms, that is, the National Health Interview Survey (NHIS) rates. For at least one of the three reporting periods, specific age and sex groups of the Benzene Subregistry population reported more adverse health outcomes when compared with the NHIS population, including anemia and other blood disorders, ulcers, gall bladder trouble, and stomach or intestinal problems, stroke, urinary tract disorders, skin rashes, diabetes, kidney disease, and respiratory allergies. Statistically significant deficits for the Benzene Subregistry population overall were found for asthma, emphysema, or chronic bronchitis; arthritis, rheumatism, or other joint disorders; hearing impairment; and speech impairment. No statistically significant differences between the two populations were seen for the outcomes hypertension; liver disease; mental retardation; or cancer. These results do not identify a causal relationship between benzene exposure and adverse health effects; however, they do reinforce the need for continued followup of registrants. JF - Toxicology and industrial health AU - Burg, J R AU - Gist, G L AD - Department of Health and Human Services, Agency for Toxic Substances and Disease Registry, Public Health Service, Atlanta, Georgia, USA. jrb@cdc.gov PY - 1998 SP - 367 EP - 387 VL - 14 IS - 3 SN - 0748-2337, 0748-2337 KW - Water Pollutants, Chemical KW - 0 KW - Benzene KW - J64922108F KW - Index Medicus KW - United States KW - Male Urogenital Diseases KW - Diabetes Mellitus -- chemically induced KW - Humans KW - Infant, Newborn KW - Aged KW - Texas KW - Child KW - Skin Diseases -- chemically induced KW - Child, Preschool KW - Demography KW - Infant KW - Hematologic Diseases -- chemically induced KW - Female Urogenital Diseases -- chemically induced KW - Water Pollutants, Chemical -- adverse effects KW - Adult KW - Middle Aged KW - Adolescent KW - Respiratory Hypersensitivity -- chemically induced KW - Male KW - Female KW - Kidney Diseases -- chemically induced KW - Registries KW - Environmental Health KW - Environmental Exposure KW - Benzene -- adverse effects UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/79830723?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Toxicology+and+industrial+health&rft.atitle=The+National+Exposure+Registry%3A+analyses+of+health+outcomes+from+the+benzene+subregistry.&rft.au=Burg%2C+J+R%3BGist%2C+G+L&rft.aulast=Burg&rft.aufirst=J&rft.date=1998-05-01&rft.volume=14&rft.issue=3&rft.spage=367&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Toxicology+and+industrial+health&rft.issn=07482337&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1998-06-18 N1 - Date created - 1998-06-18 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Role of risk assessment in public health practice. AN - 79826159; 9569446 JF - Toxicology and industrial health AU - De Rosa, C T AU - Stevens, Y W AU - Johnson, B L AD - Department of Health and Human Services, Agency for Toxic Substances and Disease Registry, Public Health Service, Atlanta, Georgia, USA. cydo@cdc.gov PY - 1998 SP - 389 EP - 412 VL - 14 IS - 3 SN - 0748-2337, 0748-2337 KW - Hazardous Substances KW - 0 KW - Index Medicus KW - United States KW - Information Systems KW - Dose-Response Relationship, Drug KW - Humans KW - Forecasting KW - Risk Assessment KW - Decision Support Techniques KW - United States Public Health Service -- trends UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/79826159?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Toxicology+and+industrial+health&rft.atitle=Role+of+risk+assessment+in+public+health+practice.&rft.au=De+Rosa%2C+C+T%3BStevens%2C+Y+W%3BJohnson%2C+B+L&rft.aulast=De+Rosa&rft.aufirst=C&rft.date=1998-05-01&rft.volume=14&rft.issue=3&rft.spage=389&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Toxicology+and+industrial+health&rft.issn=07482337&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1998-06-18 N1 - Date created - 1998-06-18 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Mutagenicity of N-OH-MOCA (4-amino-4'-hydroxylamino-bis-3,3'-dichlorodiphenylmethane) and PBQ (2-phenyl-1,4-benzoquinone) in human lymphoblastoid cells. AN - 73881628; 9704822 AB - The genotoxic potential of two occupationally significant chemicals, 4,4'-methylene-bis-2-chloroaniline (MOCA) and 2-phenyl-1,4-benzoquinone (PBQ), was explored by monitoring the induction of mutations at the HPRT locus of AHH-1 human lymphoblastoid cells. Exposure of AHH-1 cells to the putative carcinogenic metabolite of MOCA, N-OH-MOCA, induced a 6-fold increase in mutant frequency and resulted in base pair substitutions primarily at A:T base pairs. In contrast, exposure to PBQ did not result in an increased mutant frequency although this compound was significantly more cytotoxic than N-OH-MOCA at equimolar doses. The induction of mutations at A:T sites by N-OH-MOCA is consistent with the type of DNA damage known to be produced by MOCA and provides a specific marker of genotoxic damage for exposed populations. JF - Toxicology letters AU - Reid, T M AU - DeBord, D G AU - Cheever, K L AU - Savage, R E AD - Division of Biomedical and Behavioral Sciences, National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, Cincinnati, OH 45226, USA. tar9@cdc.gov Y1 - 1998/05// PY - 1998 DA - May 1998 SP - 205 EP - 210 VL - 95 IS - 3 SN - 0378-4274, 0378-4274 KW - Benzoquinones KW - 0 KW - Carcinogens KW - Mutagens KW - phenylbenzoquinone KW - 363-03-1 KW - Methylenebis(chloroaniline) KW - 3L2W5VTT2A KW - DNA KW - 9007-49-2 KW - 5-hydroxy-3,3'-dichloro-4,4'-diaminodiphenylmethane-5-sulfate KW - 94887-71-5 KW - Hypoxanthine Phosphoribosyltransferase KW - EC 2.4.2.8 KW - Index Medicus KW - Polymerase Chain Reaction KW - Mutagenicity Tests KW - Tumor Cells, Cultured KW - Hypoxanthine Phosphoribosyltransferase -- genetics KW - Humans KW - DNA -- genetics KW - DNA -- analysis KW - Hypoxanthine Phosphoribosyltransferase -- metabolism KW - DNA -- drug effects KW - Lymphocytes -- pathology KW - Benzoquinones -- toxicity KW - Methylenebis(chloroaniline) -- analogs & derivatives KW - Carcinogens -- toxicity KW - Mutagens -- toxicity KW - Methylenebis(chloroaniline) -- toxicity KW - Lymphocytes -- drug effects UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/73881628?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Toxicology+letters&rft.atitle=Mutagenicity+of+N-OH-MOCA+%284-amino-4%27-hydroxylamino-bis-3%2C3%27-dichlorodiphenylmethane%29+and+PBQ+%282-phenyl-1%2C4-benzoquinone%29+in+human+lymphoblastoid+cells.&rft.au=Reid%2C+T+M%3BDeBord%2C+D+G%3BCheever%2C+K+L%3BSavage%2C+R+E&rft.aulast=Reid&rft.aufirst=T&rft.date=1998-05-01&rft.volume=95&rft.issue=3&rft.spage=205&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Toxicology+letters&rft.issn=03784274&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1998-08-21 N1 - Date created - 1998-08-21 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Age at puberty and risk of testicular germ cell cancer (Ontario, Canada) AN - 17093752; 4406831 AB - Incidence rates of testicular cancer are increasing among postpubescent men. This suggests that putative exposures may operate early in life and have changed over time. The age at which endocrine activity accelerates (age at puberty) may be such an exposure. This study was undertaken to investigate the relationship between age at puberty and testicular cancer risk. A population-based case-control study was conducted in the province of Ontario, Canada which included males, aged 16 to 59 years, diagnosed with testicular germ cell cancer between 1987 and 1989, and age-matched controls. Data were collected on 502 cases, 346 case mothers, 975 controls, and 522 control mothers. Surrogate measures for age at puberty included age at starting to shave, appearance of hair, growth spurt, and voice change. A protective effect of later puberty was evident for all four measures of puberty as reported by both subjects and mothers, and greater protection was conferred when the greatest number of later puberty events were reported. Risk associated with earlier puberty was inconclusive. As age at puberty is decreasing in the population, the proportion of boys experiencing the protective effect of later puberty may be diminishing. This may help explain the increasing incidence of testicular cancer. JF - Cancer Causes & Control AU - Weir, H K AU - Kreiger, N AU - Marrett, L D AD - Division of Cancer Prevention and Control, National Center for Chronic Disease Prevention and Health Promotion, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Mailstop K-55, 4770 Buford Hwy. NE, Atlanta, GA 30341, USA Y1 - 1998/05// PY - 1998 DA - May 1998 SP - 253 EP - 258 VL - 9 IS - 3 SN - 0957-5243, 0957-5243 KW - Canada, Ontario KW - males KW - puberty KW - testes KW - Risk Abstracts KW - Age KW - Endocrine system KW - Cancer KW - R2 23060:Medical and environmental health UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/17093752?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Ariskabstracts&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Cancer+Causes+%26+Control&rft.atitle=Age+at+puberty+and+risk+of+testicular+germ+cell+cancer+%28Ontario%2C+Canada%29&rft.au=Weir%2C+H+K%3BKreiger%2C+N%3BMarrett%2C+L+D&rft.aulast=Weir&rft.aufirst=H&rft.date=1998-05-01&rft.volume=9&rft.issue=3&rft.spage=253&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Cancer+Causes+%26+Control&rft.issn=09575243&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Age; Endocrine system; Cancer ER - TY - JOUR T1 - A prolonged outbreak of Shigella sonnei infections in traditionally observant-Jewish communities in North America caused by a molecularly distinct bacterial subtype AN - 16526924; 4354313 AB - During 1994-1996, Shigella sonnei outbreaks occurred in 8 North American traditionally observant Jewish communities. These communities remain relatively separate from neighboring populations while maintaining close contact by travel with coreligionists in other cities. Epidemiologic investigations suggested community-to-community transmission via travel. Outbreak-related and control isolates of S. sonnei from each city were subtyped by pulsed-field gel electrophoresis (PFGE) to confirm an epidemiologic linkage between outbreaks. Forty-three (94%) of 46 outbreak-related isolates had closely related PFGE patterns, constituting a single subtype; 33 (94%) of 35 control isolates demonstrated unrelated PFGE patterns. Several patterns differing by less than or equal to 3 bands were identified within the outbreak subtype; one of these accounted for 65% of outbreak isolates. Hence, a single subtype of S. sonnei caused an international outbreak involving 8 traditionally observant Jewish communities, but not neighboring populations, over a 2-year period, suggesting sustained propagation of the epidemic strain between communities. JF - Journal of Infectious Diseases AU - Sobel, J AU - Cameron, D N AU - Ismail, J AU - Strockbine, N AU - Williams, M AU - Diaz, P S AU - Westley, B AU - Rittman, M AU - DiCristina, J AU - Ragazzoni, H AU - Tauxe, R V AU - Mintz, ED AD - Foodborne and Diarrheal Diseases Branch, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, MS-A38, 1600 Clifton Rd. Atlanta, GA 30333, USA, qzs32@cdc.gov Y1 - 1998/05// PY - 1998 DA - May 1998 SP - 1405 EP - 1409 VL - 177 IS - 5 SN - 0022-1899, 0022-1899 KW - Jewish communities KW - North America KW - Shigella sonnei KW - disease transmission KW - travel KW - Health & Safety Science Abstracts; Microbiology Abstracts B: Bacteriology KW - H 11000:Diseases/Injuries/Trauma KW - J 02846:Gastrointestinal tract UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16526924?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologyb&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Infectious+Diseases&rft.atitle=A+prolonged+outbreak+of+Shigella+sonnei+infections+in+traditionally+observant-Jewish+communities+in+North+America+caused+by+a+molecularly+distinct+bacterial+subtype&rft.au=Sobel%2C+J%3BCameron%2C+D+N%3BIsmail%2C+J%3BStrockbine%2C+N%3BWilliams%2C+M%3BDiaz%2C+P+S%3BWestley%2C+B%3BRittman%2C+M%3BDiCristina%2C+J%3BRagazzoni%2C+H%3BTauxe%2C+R+V%3BMintz%2C+ED&rft.aulast=Sobel&rft.aufirst=J&rft.date=1998-05-01&rft.volume=177&rft.issue=5&rft.spage=1405&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+Infectious+Diseases&rft.issn=00221899&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Quantitative, competitive PCR assay for HIV-1 using a microplate-based detection system AN - 16519460; 4323320 AB - We have developed a quantitative competitive PCR (QC-PCR) assay in a microplate format for quantifying human immunodeficiency virus Type 1 (HIV-1) DNA or RNA in a broad range of source materials. Our QC-PCR assay is a modification of technique originally described by Piatak et al. (1993), which is based on the presence of a competitive internal standard containing an internal 80-bp deletion of HIV-1 gag target sequence. For improved detection and quantification of the wild-type and internal-standard PCR products in a microplate format, we introduced a non-HIV, 31-bp insert into the internal standard as a probe hybridization site that does not cross-hybridize with wild-type HIV-1 products. By using a primer pair in which one primer is biotinylated, QC-PCRs can be bound to a streptavidin-coated microplate, denatured and probed with a digoxigenin (Dig)-labeled, wild-type or internal-standard probe. The hybridized Dig-labeled probes are detected with an anti-Dig antibody conjugated to detector molecules for luminometry (aequorin) or optical densitometry (peroxidase), yielding results that are quantifiable over the range of 100-10 000 copies of HIV gag. Tested source materials for HIV-1 DNA or RNA quantification include plasma, vaginal lavage and cultured cells. The application of the QC-PCR assay using the microplate format affords a convenient and cost-effective method for quantifying HIV-1 proviral and viral loads from a variety of body fluids, cells and tissues. JF - Biotechniques AU - Guenthner, P C AU - Hart, CE AD - Retrovirus Diseases Branch, DASTLR/NCID, Mail stop G19, 1600 Clifton Road, NE Atlanta, GA 30333, USA, pcg1@cdc.gov Y1 - 1998/05// PY - 1998 DA - May 1998 SP - 810 EP - 816 VL - 24 IS - 5 SN - 0736-6205, 0736-6205 KW - HIV-1 KW - Virology & AIDS Abstracts; Microbiology Abstracts A: Industrial & Applied Microbiology KW - V 22002:AIDS: Molecular and in vitro aspects KW - A 01114:Viruses UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16519460?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologya&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Biotechniques&rft.atitle=Quantitative%2C+competitive+PCR+assay+for+HIV-1+using+a+microplate-based+detection+system&rft.au=Guenthner%2C+P+C%3BHart%2C+CE&rft.aulast=Guenthner&rft.aufirst=P&rft.date=1998-05-01&rft.volume=24&rft.issue=5&rft.spage=810&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Biotechniques&rft.issn=07366205&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Statistics and epidemiology of tractor fatalities - A historical perspective AN - 16485629; 4375872 AB - Farm tractors have historically been identified as the leading source of work-related farming deaths in the U.S. While data from the National Safety Council show that tractor-related deaths and fatality rates have decreased since 1969, current surveillance data indicate that an average of 218 farmers and farmworkers die annually from tractor-related injuries. Of these deaths, approximately 120 are associated with tractor overturns. Most of these deaths occur to tractor operators 65 years of age and older. Roll-over Protective Structures (ROPS) have been identified as the single best method of preventing tractor overturn-related deaths, yet only 38% of all tractors used on farms in the U.S. were equipped with ROPS in 1993. A major issue associated with increasing the use of ROPS on farm tractors is the cost of retrofitting ROPS on older tractors. The average cost to retrofit tractors with ROPS in the U.S. was estimated at $937, and a cost of at least $4 billion nationally in 1993. JF - Journal of Agricultural Safety and Health AU - Myers, J R AU - Snyder, KA AU - Hard, D L AU - Casini, V J AU - Cianfrocco, R AU - Fields, J AU - Morton, L AD - NIOSH, 1095 Willowdale Rd., Morgantown, WV 26505, USA, jom5@cdc.gov Y1 - 1998/05// PY - 1998 DA - May 1998 SP - 95 EP - 108 VL - 4 IS - 2 SN - 1074-7583, 1074-7583 KW - farming KW - injuries KW - safety engineering KW - tractors KW - Health & Safety Science Abstracts KW - H 1000:Occupational Safety and Health UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16485629?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Ahealthsafetyabstracts&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Agricultural+Safety+and+Health&rft.atitle=Statistics+and+epidemiology+of+tractor+fatalities+-+A+historical+perspective&rft.au=Myers%2C+J+R%3BSnyder%2C+KA%3BHard%2C+D+L%3BCasini%2C+V+J%3BCianfrocco%2C+R%3BFields%2C+J%3BMorton%2C+L&rft.aulast=Myers&rft.aufirst=J&rft.date=1998-05-01&rft.volume=4&rft.issue=2&rft.spage=95&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+Agricultural+Safety+and+Health&rft.issn=10747583&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Surveillance for nonfatal occupational injuries treated in hospital emergency departments--United States, 1996. AN - 79839556; 9579966 AB - CDC's National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH) uses the National Electronic Injury Surveillance System (NEISS) for surveillance of nonfatal occupational injuries treated in hospital emergency departments (EDs). This report, based on 1996 NEISS data, is the first since 1983 to provide updated national estimates of the magnitude and risk for nonfatal occupational injuries treated in EDs; the findings indicate that the workers at highest risk are young and male. JF - MMWR. Morbidity and mortality weekly report AU - Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) AD - Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) Y1 - 1998/04/24/ PY - 1998 DA - 1998 Apr 24 SP - 302 EP - 306 VL - 47 IS - 15 SN - 0149-2195, 0149-2195 KW - Index Medicus KW - Humans KW - Adult KW - Emergency Service, Hospital -- statistics & numerical data KW - Aged KW - Middle Aged KW - United States -- epidemiology KW - Sex Distribution KW - Male KW - Female KW - Age Distribution KW - Accidents, Occupational -- statistics & numerical data UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/79839556?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=MMWR.+Morbidity+and+mortality+weekly+report&rft.atitle=Surveillance+for+nonfatal+occupational+injuries+treated+in+hospital+emergency+departments--United+States%2C+1996.&rft.au=Centers+for+Disease+Control+and+Prevention+%28CDC%29&rft.aulast=Centers+for+Disease+Control+and+Prevention+%28CDC%29&rft.aufirst=&rft.date=1998-04-24&rft.volume=47&rft.issue=15&rft.spage=302&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=MMWR.+Morbidity+and+mortality+weekly+report&rft.issn=01492195&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1998-05-13 N1 - Date created - 1998-05-13 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Fatal occupational injuries--United States, 1980-1994. AN - 79838881; 9579965 AB - CDC's National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH) monitors occupational injury deaths through death certificates compiled for the National Traumatic Occupational Fatalities (NTOF) surveillance system. Previous reports analyzed data from 1980-1989. This report updates these estimates on the magnitude of work-related injury deaths for the United States from 1980 through 1994, the most recent year for which data are available from this system, and identifies high-risk industries and occupations at national and state-specific levels. The findings indicate that the annual total number of deaths and crude death rates decreased from 7405 (7.5 per 100,000 workers) in 1980 to 5406 (4.4 per 100,000 workers) in 1994. JF - MMWR. Morbidity and mortality weekly report AU - Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) AD - Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) Y1 - 1998/04/24/ PY - 1998 DA - 1998 Apr 24 SP - 297 EP - 302 VL - 47 IS - 15 SN - 0149-2195, 0149-2195 KW - Index Medicus KW - Humans KW - United States -- epidemiology KW - Accidents, Occupational -- statistics & numerical data KW - Accidents, Occupational -- mortality UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/79838881?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=MMWR.+Morbidity+and+mortality+weekly+report&rft.atitle=Fatal+occupational+injuries--United+States%2C+1980-1994.&rft.au=Centers+for+Disease+Control+and+Prevention+%28CDC%29&rft.aulast=Centers+for+Disease+Control+and+Prevention+%28CDC%29&rft.aufirst=&rft.date=1998-04-24&rft.volume=47&rft.issue=15&rft.spage=297&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=MMWR.+Morbidity+and+mortality+weekly+report&rft.issn=01492195&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1998-05-13 N1 - Date created - 1998-05-13 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Tobacco use among high school students--United States, 1997. AN - 79833352; 9572629 AB - Tobacco use is the single leading preventable cause of death in the United States. Approximately 80% of tobacco use occurs for the first time among youth aged <18 years, and the prevalence of cigarette smoking among adolescents increased during the early 1990s. To determine prevalence rates of cigarette, smokeless tobacco (chewing tobacco or snuff), and cigar use for U.S. high school students, CDC analyzed data from the 1997 Youth Risk Behavior Survey (YRBS). This report summarizes the results of the analysis, which indicate that the prevalence of current cigarette smoking among U.S. high school students increased from 27.5% in 1991 to 36.4% in 1997 and that, in 1997, 42.7% of students used cigarettes, smokeless tobacco, or cigars during the 30 days preceding the survey. JF - MMWR. Morbidity and mortality weekly report AU - Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) AD - Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) Y1 - 1998/04/03/ PY - 1998 DA - 1998 Apr 03 SP - 229 EP - 233 VL - 47 IS - 12 SN - 0149-2195, 0149-2195 KW - Index Medicus KW - Plants, Toxic KW - Schools KW - Humans KW - Adolescent KW - United States -- epidemiology KW - Male KW - Female KW - Tobacco, Smokeless KW - Prevalence KW - Tobacco Use Disorder -- epidemiology KW - Smoking -- epidemiology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/79833352?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=MMWR.+Morbidity+and+mortality+weekly+report&rft.atitle=Tobacco+use+among+high+school+students--United+States%2C+1997.&rft.au=Centers+for+Disease+Control+and+Prevention+%28CDC%29&rft.aulast=Centers+for+Disease+Control+and+Prevention+%28CDC%29&rft.aufirst=&rft.date=1998-04-03&rft.volume=47&rft.issue=12&rft.spage=229&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=MMWR.+Morbidity+and+mortality+weekly+report&rft.issn=01492195&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1998-05-05 N1 - Date created - 1998-05-05 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - The epidemiology of sports-related traumatic brain injuries in the United States: recent developments. AN - 85420183; pmid-9575252 AB - We examined recent population-based data from the National Health Interview Survey, Consumer Product Safety Commission, and state-based traumatic brain injury (TBI) surveillance programs that provide estimates of the overall incidence of sports-related TBI in the United States. Available data indicate that sports-related TBI is an important public health problem because of the large number of people who incur these injuries each year (approximately 300,000), the generally young age of patients at the time of injury (with possible long-term disability), and the potential cumulative effects of repeated injuries. The importance of this problem indicates the need for more effective prevention measures. The public health approach can guide efforts in injury prevention and control. The steps in this approach are (1) identifying the problem, (2) identifying risk factors, (3) developing and testing interventions, and (4) implementing programs and evaluating outcomes. Each of these steps requires adequate data. This article examines the limitations of current sports-related TBI data and suggests ways to improve data in order to develop more effective injury prevention strategies. The impact of sports-related TBI on the public indicates that this task deserves a high priority. JF - The Journal of head trauma rehabilitation AU - Thurman, D J AU - Branche, C M AU - Sniezek, J E AD - Division of Acute Care, Rehabilitation Research, and Disability Prevention, National Center for Injury Prevention and Control, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA 30341-3724, USA. Y1 - 1998/04// PY - 1998 DA - April 1998 SP - 1 EP - 8 VL - 13 IS - 2 SN - 0885-9701, 0885-9701 KW - Index Medicus KW - National Library of Medicine KW - Risk Factors KW - Humans KW - Adult KW - Incidence KW - Aged KW - Middle Aged KW - Child KW - Adolescent KW - United States -- epidemiology KW - Male KW - Female KW - Child, Preschool KW - Athletic Injuries -- epidemiology KW - Head Injuries, Closed -- etiology KW - Brain Injuries -- epidemiology KW - Brain Injuries -- prevention & control KW - Brain Injuries -- etiology KW - Athletic Injuries -- prevention & control KW - Head Injuries, Closed -- prevention & control KW - Head Injuries, Closed -- epidemiology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/85420183?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Acomdisdome&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Journal+of+head+trauma+rehabilitation&rft.atitle=The+epidemiology+of+sports-related+traumatic+brain+injuries+in+the+United+States%3A+recent+developments.&rft.au=Thurman%2C+D+J%3BBranche%2C+C+M%3BSniezek%2C+J+E&rft.aulast=Thurman&rft.aufirst=D&rft.date=1998-04-01&rft.volume=13&rft.issue=2&rft.spage=1&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=The+Journal+of+head+trauma+rehabilitation&rft.issn=08859701&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ComDisDome N1 - Date revised - 2008-01-14 N1 - Last updated - 2010-05-07 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Evaluation of cardiovascular outcomes among U.S. workers exposed to 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin. AN - 79887735; 9599711 AB - Some animal studies and some human studies suggest that exposure to 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin (TCDD) may be associated with adverse effects on the cardiovascular system. As part of a cross-sectional medical study comparing workers employed 15 years earlier in the manufacture of 2,4,5-trichlorophenol or one of its derivatives at two U.S. chemical plants with an unexposed comparison group, we examined the association between TCDD exposure and various cardiovascular outcomes. A total of 281 workers and 260 unexposed referents participated. The workers had substantial exposure to TCDD, as demonstrated by significantly elevated mean serum TCDD concentration of 220 pg/g of lipid, compared with 7 pg/g of lipid among the referents. No significant association was found between TCDD exposure and any of the cardiovascular outcomes including myocardial infarction, angina, cardiac arrhythmias, hypertension, and abnormal peripheral arterial flow. Although our study had sufficient statistical power to detect an elevated risk for cardiac arrhythmias, hypertension, and abnormal peripheral arterial flow, it had low power (approximately 50%) to detect an elevated risk for myocardial infarction and angina. Our review of the literature suggests that our negative findings are consistent with those from other cross-sectional medical studies. Although several mortality studies of TCDD-exposed cohorts found significantly increased risks for cardiovascular disease mortality, similar increased risks were not observed in other mortality studies. The data available do not provide definitive conclusions but indicate that further examination of the association between TCDD exposure and cardiovascular disease should be pursued. JF - Environmental health perspectives AU - Calvert, G M AU - Wall, D K AU - Sweeney, M H AU - Fingerhut, M A AD - Division of Surveillance, Hazard Evaluations and Field Studies, National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Cincinnati, Ohio 45226, USA. jac6@cdc.gov Y1 - 1998/04// PY - 1998 DA - April 1998 SP - 635 EP - 643 VL - 106 Suppl 2 SN - 0091-6765, 0091-6765 KW - Polychlorinated Dibenzodioxins KW - 0 KW - Index Medicus KW - Cross-Sectional Studies KW - Dose-Response Relationship, Drug KW - Humans KW - Aged KW - Middle Aged KW - Male KW - Female KW - Risk Assessment KW - Occupational Exposure KW - Cardiovascular Diseases -- etiology KW - Cardiovascular Diseases -- epidemiology KW - Polychlorinated Dibenzodioxins -- adverse effects UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/79887735?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Environmental+health+perspectives&rft.atitle=Evaluation+of+cardiovascular+outcomes+among+U.S.+workers+exposed+to+2%2C3%2C7%2C8-tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin.&rft.au=Calvert%2C+G+M%3BWall%2C+D+K%3BSweeney%2C+M+H%3BFingerhut%2C+M+A&rft.aulast=Calvert&rft.aufirst=G&rft.date=1998-04-01&rft.volume=106+Suppl+2&rft.issue=&rft.spage=635&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Environmental+health+perspectives&rft.issn=00916765&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1998-07-16 N1 - Date created - 1998-07-16 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - SuppNotes - Cited By: Am J Epidemiol. 1989 Jun;129(6):1187-200 [2729256] J Toxicol Environ Health. 1988;25(4):495-507 [3199460] Int Arch Occup Environ Health. 1990;62(2):139-57 [2139014] Br J Ind Med. 1991 Mar;48(3):173-8 [2015208] J Biol Chem. 1992 Oct 5;267(28):19785-91 [1400292] Occup Environ Med. 1994 Jul;51(7):479-86 [8044248] Am J Epidemiol. 1995 Dec 1;142(11):1165-75 [7485063] Arch Environ Health. 1996 Mar-Apr;51(2):100-7 [8638959] Epidemiology. 1996 Jul;7(4):352-7 [8793359] Epidemiology. 1997 May;8(3):252-8 [9115019] Arch Gewerbepathol Gewerbehyg. 1961;18:538-55 [13865861] JAMA. 1984 May 11;251(18):2372-80 [6231388] Naturwissenschaften. 1972 Apr;59(4):174-5 [5057571] Hautarzt. 1973 Apr;24(4):149-52 [4268286] Cesk Dermatol. 1974 Jun;49(3):145-57 [4276133] J Surg Res. 1975 Feb;18(2):177-80 [124365] J Occup Med. 1976 Mar;18(3):165-8 [1255276] Food Cosmet Toxicol. 1977 Oct;15(5):401-10 [413768] Toxicol Appl Pharmacol. 1978 Nov;46(2):279-303 [734660] Lancet. 1979 Feb 24;1(8113):446-7 [84301] J Occup Med. 1980 Jan;22(1):11-4 [6444441] Arch Environ Health. 1981 Jan-Feb;36(1):5-11 [7469493] Med J Aust. 1981 Feb 7;1(3):140 [7219291] Br J Ind Med. 1983 Aug;40(3):318-24 [6871121] Am J Ind Med. 1984;5(3):161-82 [6142642] Br J Ind Med. 1984 May;41(2):254-6 [6232943] Scand J Work Environ Health. 1986 Apr;12(2):97-107 [3726500] Toxicol Appl Pharmacol. 1987 Jul;89(3):408-17 [3603569] Anal Chem. 1987 Aug 1;59(15):2000-5 [3631519] Toxicol Appl Pharmacol. 1987 Dec;91(3):497-501 [3424379] Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1988 Feb;85(3):905-9 [2829210] Biochem Pharmacol. 1988 Jun 1;37(11):2247-53 [3288212] Toxicol Appl Pharmacol. 1988 Sep 15;95(2):175-84 [3420610] J Toxicol Environ Health. 1989;27(2):165-71 [2733058] N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Environmental radiation levels in central Florida's phosphate mining district. AN - 79837296; 9577751 AB - Environmental levels of radionuclides and gamma radiation were measured in two communities located near active phosphate mining areas in Florida. Activated carbon canisters and alpha track detectors were used to measure indoor air levels of radon in approximately 100 private homes. Elevated levels of radon (> 4 picocuries per liter [pCi/L]) were detected in 8 of 27 homes in a community built on reclaimed land that had been previously mined. In a nearby community built on unmined land, elevated levels of radon were detected in 1 of 69 homes. All of the homes with elevated levels of radon were built on concrete slabs. Outdoor gamma radiation levels were significantly greater in the reclaimed area than in the unmined area. Air particulates collected from outdoor ambient air at three locations did not contain elevated levels of radionuclides. JF - Journal of exposure analysis and environmental epidemiology AU - Orloff, K G AU - Nall, W AD - Agency for Toxic Substances and Disease Registry, Public Health Service, U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, Altanta, Georgia 30333, USA. KEO1.ATSDHA1.em.cdc.gov PY - 1998 SP - 207 EP - 212 VL - 8 IS - 2 SN - 1053-4245, 1053-4245 KW - Phosphates KW - 0 KW - Radioactive Pollutants KW - Index Medicus KW - Public Health KW - Housing KW - Humans KW - Florida KW - Environmental Monitoring KW - Air Pollution, Indoor -- analysis KW - Radioactive Pollutants -- analysis KW - Mining UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/79837296?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+exposure+analysis+and+environmental+epidemiology&rft.atitle=Environmental+radiation+levels+in+central+Florida%27s+phosphate+mining+district.&rft.au=Orloff%2C+K+G%3BNall%2C+W&rft.aulast=Orloff&rft.aufirst=K&rft.date=1998-04-01&rft.volume=8&rft.issue=2&rft.spage=207&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+exposure+analysis+and+environmental+epidemiology&rft.issn=10534245&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1998-07-01 N1 - Date created - 1998-07-01 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Identification of a human population infected with simian foamy viruses. AN - 79787530; 9546784 AB - Studying the transmission of simian retroviruses to humans can help define the importance of these infections to public health. We identified a substantial prevalence (4/231, 1.8%) of infection with simian foamy viruses (SFV) among humans occupationally exposed to nonhuman primates. Evidence of SFV infection included seropositivity, proviral DNA detection and isolation of foamy virus. The infecting SFV originated from an African green monkey (one person) and baboons (three people). These infections have not as yet resulted in either disease or sexual transmission, and may represent benign endpoint infections. JF - Nature medicine AU - Heneine, W AU - Switzer, W M AU - Sandstrom, P AU - Brown, J AU - Vedapuri, S AU - Schable, C A AU - Khan, A S AU - Lerche, N W AU - Schweizer, M AU - Neumann-Haefelin, D AU - Chapman, L E AU - Folks, T M AD - HIV and Retrovirology Branch, National Center for Infectious Diseases, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia 30333, USA. WMH2@cdc.gov Y1 - 1998/04// PY - 1998 DA - April 1998 SP - 403 EP - 407 VL - 4 IS - 4 SN - 1078-8956, 1078-8956 KW - Antibodies, Viral KW - 0 KW - Index Medicus KW - Occupational Exposure KW - Papio KW - Phylogeny KW - Animals KW - Humans KW - Retroviridae -- isolation & purification KW - Pan troglodytes KW - Antibodies, Viral -- blood KW - Polymerase Chain Reaction KW - Cercopithecus aethiops KW - Macaca mulatta KW - Male KW - Prevalence KW - Lymphocytes -- virology KW - Spumavirus -- isolation & purification KW - Retroviridae Infections -- veterinary KW - Primate Diseases KW - Retroviridae Infections -- epidemiology KW - Retroviridae Infections -- transmission KW - Occupational Diseases -- epidemiology KW - Zoonoses -- epidemiology KW - Spumavirus -- genetics UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/79787530?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Nature+medicine&rft.atitle=Identification+of+a+human+population+infected+with+simian+foamy+viruses.&rft.au=Heneine%2C+W%3BSwitzer%2C+W+M%3BSandstrom%2C+P%3BBrown%2C+J%3BVedapuri%2C+S%3BSchable%2C+C+A%3BKhan%2C+A+S%3BLerche%2C+N+W%3BSchweizer%2C+M%3BNeumann-Haefelin%2C+D%3BChapman%2C+L+E%3BFolks%2C+T+M&rft.aulast=Heneine&rft.aufirst=W&rft.date=1998-04-01&rft.volume=4&rft.issue=4&rft.spage=403&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Nature+medicine&rft.issn=10788956&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1998-04-29 N1 - Date created - 1998-04-29 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Genetic sequence - AF049081; GENBANK; AF049080; AF049083; AF049082; AF049085; AF049084; AF049086; AF049077; AF049078; AF049079 N1 - SuppNotes - Comment In: Nat Med. 1998 Jun;4(6):644-5 [9623952] Nat Med. 1998 Apr;4(4):391-2 [9546779] N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Firearm-related deaths in the United States and 35 other high- and upper-middle-income countries AN - 17098733; 4403336 AB - The Forty-Ninth World Health Assembly recently declared violence a worldwide public health problem. Improved understanding of cross-national differences is useful for identifying risk factors and may facilitate prevention efforts. Few cross-national studies, however, have explored firearm-related deaths. We compared the incidence of firearm-related deaths among 36 countries. Health officials in high-income (HI) and upper-middle-income countries (UMI) with populations greater than one million were asked to provide data using ICD-9 codes on firearm-related homicides, suicides, unintentional deaths and deaths of undetermined intent, as well as homicides and suicides for all methods combined. Thirty-six (78%) of the 46 countries provided complete data. We compared age-adjusted rates per 100 000 for each country and pooled rates by income group and geographical location. During the one-year study period, 88 649 firearm deaths were reported. Overall firearm mortality rates are five to six times higher in HI and UMI countries in the Americas (12.72) than in Europe (2.17), or Oceania (2.57) and 95 times higher than in Asia (0.13). The rate of firearm deaths in the United States (14.24 per 100 000) exceeds that of its economic counterparts (1.76) eightfold and that of UMI countries (9.69) by a factor of 1.5. Suicide and homicide contribute equally to total firearm deaths in the US, but most firearm deaths are suicides (71%) in HI countries and homicides (72%) in UMI countries. JF - International Journal of Epidemiology AU - Krug, E G AU - Powell, KE AU - Dahlberg, L L AD - Division of Violence Prevention, National Center for Injury Prevention and Control, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Mailstop K60, 4770 Buford Hwy, Atlanta, GA 30341, USA Y1 - 1998/04// PY - 1998 DA - Apr 1998 SP - 214 EP - 221 VL - 27 IS - 2 SN - 0300-5771, 0300-5771 KW - USA KW - firearms KW - homicide KW - suicide KW - Health & Safety Science Abstracts; Risk Abstracts KW - Socioeconomics KW - Public health KW - Statistical analysis KW - Mortality KW - Violence KW - Weapons KW - R2 23020:Technological risks KW - H 11000:Diseases/Injuries/Trauma KW - R2 23060:Medical and environmental health KW - H 12000:Epidemiology and Public Health UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/17098733?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Ariskabstracts&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=International+Journal+of+Epidemiology&rft.atitle=Firearm-related+deaths+in+the+United+States+and+35+other+high-+and+upper-middle-income+countries&rft.au=Krug%2C+E+G%3BPowell%2C+KE%3BDahlberg%2C+L+L&rft.aulast=Krug&rft.aufirst=E&rft.date=1998-04-01&rft.volume=27&rft.issue=2&rft.spage=214&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=International+Journal+of+Epidemiology&rft.issn=03005771&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Violence; Public health; Socioeconomics; Mortality; Weapons; Statistical analysis ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Trends in tobacco use among high school students in the United States, 1991-1995 AN - 17091355; 4406842 AB - This study examined demographic characteristics of tobacco-using high school students in the United States from 1991 through 1995. Data about cigarette smoking and smokeless tobacco use among adolescents were collected in 1991, 1993, and 1995 using the Youth Risk Behavior Survey, part of the Youth Risk Behavior Surveillance System implemented by the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. Data indicated current smoking increased 26.5% from 1991 to 1995 with one-third [31.2% ( plus or minus 1.7)] of ninth grade students and 38.2% ( plus or minus 3.5) of 12th grade students reporting current smoking in 1995. Smokeless tobacco use remained stable with 11.4% ( plus or minus 1.7) of all students and one-fourth [25.1% ( plus or minus 3.0)] of White male students reporting smokeless tobacco use in 1995. Many students already have begun using tobacco before reaching high school. Thus, interventions should begin well before high school to prevent adolescents from using and becoming addicted to tobacco. JF - Journal of School Health AU - Everett, SA AU - Husten, C G AU - Warren, C W AU - Crossett, L AU - Sharp, D AD - Division of Adolescent and School Health, National Center for Chronic Disease Prevention and Health Promotion, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, 4770 Buford Highway, NE, MS K-33, Atlanta, GA 30341, USA Y1 - 1998/04// PY - 1998 DA - Apr 1998 SP - 137 EP - 140 VL - 68 IS - 4 KW - USA KW - Health & Safety Science Abstracts KW - Smoking KW - Data collection KW - Behavior KW - Tobacco KW - Adolescents KW - H 4000:Food and Drugs UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/17091355?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Ahealthsafetyabstracts&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+School+Health&rft.atitle=Trends+in+tobacco+use+among+high+school+students+in+the+United+States%2C+1991-1995&rft.au=Everett%2C+SA%3BHusten%2C+C+G%3BWarren%2C+C+W%3BCrossett%2C+L%3BSharp%2C+D&rft.aulast=Everett&rft.aufirst=SA&rft.date=1998-04-01&rft.volume=68&rft.issue=4&rft.spage=137&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+School+Health&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Smoking; Adolescents; Data collection; Behavior; Tobacco ER - TY - JOUR T1 - An outbreak of Brainerd diarrhea among travelers to the Galapagos Islands AN - 16552623; 4355563 AB - In 1992, an outbreak of chronic diarrhea occurred among passengers on a cruise ship visiting the Galapagos Islands, Ecuador. Passengers (548) were surveyed, and stool and biopsy specimens from a sample who reported chronic diarrhea were examined. On completed questionnaires, returned by 394 passengers (72%), 58 (15%) reported having chronic diarrhea associated with urgency (84%), weight loss (77%), fatigue (71%), and fecal incontinence (62%). Illness began 11 days (median) after boarding the ship and lasted 7 to >42 months. Macroscopic and histologic abnormalities of the colon were common, but extensive laboratory examination revealed no etiologic agent. No one responded to antimicrobial therapy. Patients were more likely than well passengers to have drunk the ship's unbottled water or ice before onset of illness and to have eaten raw sliced fruits and vegetables washed in unbottled water. Water handling and chlorination on the ship were deficient. Outbreaks of a similar illness, Brainerd diarrhea, have been reported in the United States. Although its etiology remains unknown, Brainerd diarrhea may also occur among travelers. JF - Journal of Infectious Diseases AU - Mintz, ED AU - Weber, J T AU - Guris, D AU - Puhr, N AU - Wells, J G AU - Yashuk, J C AU - Curtis, M AU - Tauxe, R V AD - Foodborne and Diarrheal Diseases Branch, M/S A-38, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA 30333, USA, edm1@cdc.gov Y1 - 1998/04// PY - 1998 DA - Apr 1998 SP - 1041 EP - 1045 VL - 177 IS - 4 SN - 0022-1899, 0022-1899 KW - Brainerd diarrhea KW - Ecuador, Galapagos Is. KW - traveller's diarrhea KW - Health & Safety Science Abstracts KW - Ships KW - Water quality KW - Food contamination KW - H 4000:Food and Drugs UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16552623?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Ahealthsafetyabstracts&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Infectious+Diseases&rft.atitle=An+outbreak+of+Brainerd+diarrhea+among+travelers+to+the+Galapagos+Islands&rft.au=Mintz%2C+ED%3BWeber%2C+J+T%3BGuris%2C+D%3BPuhr%2C+N%3BWells%2C+J+G%3BYashuk%2C+J+C%3BCurtis%2C+M%3BTauxe%2C+R+V&rft.aulast=Mintz&rft.aufirst=ED&rft.date=1998-04-01&rft.volume=177&rft.issue=4&rft.spage=1041&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+Infectious+Diseases&rft.issn=00221899&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Ships; Food contamination; Water quality ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Isolation of Bartonella spp. from embryos and neonates of naturally infected rodents AN - 16544109; 4356626 AB - Embryos and neonatal offspring of wild-captured cotton rats (Sigmodon hispidus) and white-footed mice (Peromyscus leucopus) were tested for the presence of Bartonella spp. isolates of Bartonella spp. were obtained from 18 of 31 embryos and 7 of 19 neonates from bacteremic dams of the two species; no isolates were obtained from material from non-bacteremic dams. Sequence analysis demonstrated that the isolates from embryos and neonates matched the phylogenetic group of Bartonella spp. isolates obtained from the mother. No antibodies to homologous Bartonella spp. antigens were detected in maternal and neonatal blood or embryonic tissue. These findings suggest the possibility of vertical transmission of Bartonella spp. among natural rodent hosts. JF - Journal of Wildlife Diseases AU - Kosoy, MY AU - Regnery, R L AU - Kosaya, OI AU - Jones, D C AU - Marston, EL AU - Childs, JE AD - Division of Viral and Rickettsial Diseases, National Center for Infectious Diseases, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA 30333, USA, jfc5@cdc.gov Y1 - 1998/04// PY - 1998 DA - Apr 1998 SP - 305 EP - 309 VL - 34 IS - 2 SN - 0090-3558, 0090-3558 KW - Hispid cotton rat KW - White-footed mouse KW - Microbiology Abstracts B: Bacteriology KW - Peromyscus leucopus KW - Bartonella KW - Wildlife KW - Sigmodon hispidus KW - Embryos KW - Neonates KW - J 02862:Infection UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16544109?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologyb&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Wildlife+Diseases&rft.atitle=Isolation+of+Bartonella+spp.+from+embryos+and+neonates+of+naturally+infected+rodents&rft.au=Kosoy%2C+MY%3BRegnery%2C+R+L%3BKosaya%2C+OI%3BJones%2C+D+C%3BMarston%2C+EL%3BChilds%2C+JE&rft.aulast=Kosoy&rft.aufirst=MY&rft.date=1998-04-01&rft.volume=34&rft.issue=2&rft.spage=305&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+Wildlife+Diseases&rft.issn=00903558&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Bartonella; Peromyscus leucopus; Sigmodon hispidus; Neonates; Embryos; Wildlife ER - TY - JOUR T1 - A nationwide case-control study of Escherichia coli O157:H7 infection in the United States AN - 16522630; 4355552 AB - Risk factors for Escherichia coli O157:H7 infection were investigated in a case-control study at 10 medical centers throughout the United States. Among 73 case-patients and 142 matched controls, exposures in the 7 days before illness associated with E. coli O157:H7 infection in univariate analysis included consumption of hamburger (matched odds ratio [MOR], 3.8; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.9-7.9), undercooked hamburger (MOR, 4.5; 95% CI, 1.6-12.2), or hot dogs (MOR, 2.2; 95% CI, 1.1-4.4); eating at a fast-food restaurant (MOR, 2.3; 95% CI, 1.1-4.6); drinking unchlorinated well water (MOR, 2.4; 95% CI, 1.1-5.7); swimming in a pond (MOR, 5.4; 95% CI, 1.1-26.0); and having a household member with diarrhea (MOR, 11.9; 95% CI, 2.7-53.5). In multivariate analysis, only eating undercooked hamburger remained associated with infection. Seven (8%) of 93 patients developed hemolytic uremic syndrome and 1 died. Prevention strategies aimed at modifying risk factors may help to reduce the risk of infection with E. coli O157:H7. JF - Journal of Infectious Diseases AU - Slutsker, L AU - Ries, A A AU - Maloney, K AU - Wells, J G AU - Greene, K D AU - Griffin, P M AD - Foodborne and Diarrheal Diseases Branch, Mailstop A-38, Division of Bacterial and Mycotic Diseases, National Center for Infectious Diseases, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Department of Health and Human Services, Atlanta, GA 30333, USA, lms5@cdc.gov Y1 - 1998/04// PY - 1998 DA - Apr 1998 SP - 962 EP - 966 VL - 177 IS - 4 SN - 0022-1899, 0022-1899 KW - Escherichia coli KW - USA KW - Health & Safety Science Abstracts; Microbiology Abstracts B: Bacteriology KW - H 11000:Diseases/Injuries/Trauma KW - J 02846:Gastrointestinal tract UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16522630?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologyb&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Infectious+Diseases&rft.atitle=A+nationwide+case-control+study+of+Escherichia+coli+O157%3AH7+infection+in+the+United+States&rft.au=Slutsker%2C+L%3BRies%2C+A+A%3BMaloney%2C+K%3BWells%2C+J+G%3BGreene%2C+K+D%3BGriffin%2C+P+M&rft.aulast=Slutsker&rft.aufirst=L&rft.date=1998-04-01&rft.volume=177&rft.issue=4&rft.spage=962&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+Infectious+Diseases&rft.issn=00221899&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Neurosyphilis during the AIDS epidemic, San Francisco, 1985-1992 AN - 16451898; 4355548 AB - To investigate the epidemiology and clinical spectrum of neurosyphilis in a population with high rates of coexisting syphilis and human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection, a retrospective analysis of cases in all San Francisco hospitals from 1985 to 1992 was conducted. Neurosyphilis was defined by a newly reactive cerebrospinal fluid VDRL; 117 patients with neurosyphilis were identified. The median age was 39 years, 91% were male, 74 (63%) were white, and 75 (64%) were HIV-infected. Thirty-eight (33%) presented with an early symptomatic neurosyphilis syndrome. Six (5%) had late neurosyphilis. Thirty-eight (32%) patients were asymptomatic, and 35 (30%) had findings attributable to coexisting neurologic diseases. Patients demonstrated high serum nontreponemal (VDRL) titers (median, 1:128) at neurosyphilis presentation. In contrast to the findings from the preantibiotic era, neurosyphilis was identified in young patients most often with HIV coinfection, and early symptomatic syndromes were identified more frequently than late neurosyphilis syndromes. JF - Journal of Infectious Diseases AU - Flood, J M AU - Weinstock, H S AU - Guroy, ME AU - Bayne, L AU - Simon, R P AU - Bolan, G AD - San Francisco Department of Public Health, Division of STD Prevention and Control, 356 Seventh St., San Francisco, CA 94103, USA, FLOO101W@CDC.GOV Y1 - 1998/04// PY - 1998 DA - Apr 1998 SP - 931 EP - 940 VL - 177 IS - 4 SN - 0022-1899, 0022-1899 KW - HIV KW - Human immunodeficiency virus KW - Treponema pallidum KW - USA, California, San Francisco KW - man KW - CSA Neurosciences Abstracts; Virology & AIDS Abstracts; Microbiology Abstracts B: Bacteriology KW - N3 11130:Neurovirology KW - V 22005:AIDS: Epidemiological aspects KW - J 02848:Nervous system UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16451898?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologyb&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Infectious+Diseases&rft.atitle=Neurosyphilis+during+the+AIDS+epidemic%2C+San+Francisco%2C+1985-1992&rft.au=Flood%2C+J+M%3BWeinstock%2C+H+S%3BGuroy%2C+ME%3BBayne%2C+L%3BSimon%2C+R+P%3BBolan%2C+G&rft.aulast=Flood&rft.aufirst=J&rft.date=1998-04-01&rft.volume=177&rft.issue=4&rft.spage=931&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+Infectious+Diseases&rft.issn=00221899&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Tuberculosis and race/ethnicity in the United States. Impact of socioeconomic status AN - 16396171; 4307144 AB - Despite the long-standing observation that tuberculosis (TB) case rates are higher among racial and ethnic minorities than whites in the United States (U.S.), the proportion of this increased risk attributable to socioeconomic status (SES) has not been determined. Values for six SES indicators (crowding, income, poverty, public assistance, unemployment, and education) were assigned to U.S. TB cases reported from 1987-1993 by ZIP code- and demographic-specific matching to 1990 U.S. Census data. TB risk between racial/ethnic groups was then evaluated by quartile for each SES indicator utilizing univariate and Poisson multivariate analyses. Relative risk (RR) of TB increased with lower SES quartile for all six SES indicators on univariate analysis (RRs 2.6-5.6 in the lowest versus highest quartiles). The same trend was observed in multivariate models containing individual SES indicators (RRs 1.8-2.5) and for three SES indicators (crowding, poverty, and education) in the model containing all six indicators. Tuberculosis risk increased uniformly between SES quartile for each indicator except crowding, where risk was concentrated in the lowest quartile. Adjusting for SES accounted for approximately half of the increased risk of TB associated with race/ethnicity among U.S.-born blacks, Hispanics, and Native Americans. Even more of this increased risk was accounted for in the final model, which also adjusted for interaction between crowding and race/ethnicity. SES impacts TB incidence via both a strong direct effect of crowding, manifested predominantly in overcrowded settings, and a TB-SES health gradient, manifested at all SES levels. SES accounts for much of the increased risk of TB previously associated with race/ethnicity. JF - American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine AU - Cantwell, M F AU - McKenna, M T AU - McCray, E AU - Onorato, I M AD - Mailstop E-10, Division of TB Elimination, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, 1600 Clifton Rd., NE, Atlanta, GA 30333, USA, IMO1@CDC.GOV Y1 - 1998/04// PY - 1998 DA - Apr 1998 SP - 1016 EP - 1020 VL - 157 IS - 4 SN - 1073-449X, 1073-449X KW - USA KW - tuberculosis KW - Health & Safety Science Abstracts; Risk Abstracts; Microbiology Abstracts B: Bacteriology KW - H 11000:Diseases/Injuries/Trauma KW - R2 23060:Medical and environmental health KW - J 02845:Ear, nose and respiratory tract UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16396171?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologyb&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=American+Journal+of+Respiratory+and+Critical+Care+Medicine&rft.atitle=Tuberculosis+and+race%2Fethnicity+in+the+United+States.+Impact+of+socioeconomic+status&rft.au=Cantwell%2C+M+F%3BMcKenna%2C+M+T%3BMcCray%2C+E%3BOnorato%2C+I+M&rft.aulast=Cantwell&rft.aufirst=M&rft.date=1998-04-01&rft.volume=157&rft.issue=4&rft.spage=1016&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=American+Journal+of+Respiratory+and+Critical+Care+Medicine&rft.issn=1073449X&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Diagnosis of Mycoplasma pneumoniae infection in autopsy and open-lung biopsy tissues by nested PCR AN - 16374929; 4318132 AB - A nested PCR specific for the Mycoplasma pneumoniae P1 gene was used to diagnose Mycoplasma infection in two cohort patients with severe pneumonia within 24 h of tissue receipt. A postmortem diagnosis of M. pneumoniae infection was obtained for the first patient, who died without the collection of appropriate paired samples for serodiagnosis. An open-lung biopsy obtained from the second patient allowed a quick, definitive diagnosis and proper selection of therapy. JF - Journal of Clinical Microbiology AU - Talkington, D F AU - Thacker, W L AU - Keller, D W AU - Jensen, J S AD - Mailstop CO2, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia 30333, USA, DFT1@cdc.gov Y1 - 1998/04// PY - 1998 DA - Apr 1998 SP - 1151 EP - 1153 VL - 36 IS - 4 KW - Open-lung biopsy KW - Microbiology Abstracts B: Bacteriology; Microbiology Abstracts A: Industrial & Applied Microbiology KW - A 01115:Mycoplasmas KW - J 02704:Enumeration UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16374929?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologyb&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Clinical+Microbiology&rft.atitle=Diagnosis+of+Mycoplasma+pneumoniae+infection+in+autopsy+and+open-lung+biopsy+tissues+by+nested+PCR&rft.au=Talkington%2C+D+F%3BThacker%2C+W+L%3BKeller%2C+D+W%3BJensen%2C+J+S&rft.aulast=Talkington&rft.aufirst=D&rft.date=1998-04-01&rft.volume=36&rft.issue=4&rft.spage=1151&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+Clinical+Microbiology&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Nested PCR assay for detection of granulocytic ehrlichiae AN - 16361265; 4318124 AB - A sensitive and specific nested PCR assay was developed for the detection of granulocytic ehrlichiae. The assay amplifies the 16S rRNA gene and was used to examine acute-phase EDTA-blood and serum samples obtained from seven humans with clinical presentations compatible with human granulocytic ehrlichiosis. Five of the seven suspected cases were positive by the PCR assay using DNA extracted from whole blood as the template, compared with a serologic assay that identified only one positive sample. The PCR assay using DNA extracted from the corresponding serum samples as the template identified three positive samples. The sensitivity of the assay on human samples was examined, and the limit of detection was shown to be fewer than 2 copies of the 16S rRNA gene. The application of the assay to nonhuman samples demonstrated products amplified from template DNA extracted from Ixodes scapularis ticks collected in Rhode Island and from EDTA-blood specimens obtained from white-tailed deer in Maryland. All PCR products were sequenced and identified as specific to granulocytic ehrlichiae. A putative variant granulocytic ehrlichia 16S rRNA gene sequence was detected among products amplified from both the ticks and the deer blood specimens. JF - Journal of Clinical Microbiology AU - Massung, R F AU - Slater, K AU - Owens, J H AU - Nicholson, W L AU - Mather, ThN AU - Solberg, V B AU - Olson, J G AD - Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, 1600 Clifton Rd., MS G-13, Atlanta, GA 30333, USA, rfm2@cdc.gov Y1 - 1998/04// PY - 1998 DA - Apr 1998 SP - 1090 EP - 1095 VL - 36 IS - 4 KW - USA, Rhode Island KW - White-tailed deer KW - rRNA 16S KW - Microbiology Abstracts B: Bacteriology KW - J 02704:Enumeration UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16361265?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologyb&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Clinical+Microbiology&rft.atitle=Nested+PCR+assay+for+detection+of+granulocytic+ehrlichiae&rft.au=Massung%2C+R+F%3BSlater%2C+K%3BOwens%2C+J+H%3BNicholson%2C+W+L%3BMather%2C+ThN%3BSolberg%2C+V+B%3BOlson%2C+J+G&rft.aulast=Massung&rft.aufirst=R&rft.date=1998-04-01&rft.volume=36&rft.issue=4&rft.spage=1090&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+Clinical+Microbiology&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Characterization of staphylococci with reduced susceptibilities to vancomycin and other glycopeptides AN - 16361221; 4318118 AB - During the last several years a series of staphylococcal isolates that demonstrated reduced susceptibility to vancomycin or other glycopeptides have been reported. We selected 12 isolates of staphylococci for which the vancomycin MICs were greater than or equal to 4 mu g/ml or for which the teicoplanin MICs were greater than or equal to 8 mu g/ml and 24 control strains for which the vancomycin MICs were less than or equal to 2 mu g/ml or for which the teicoplanin MICs were less than or equal to 4 mu g/ml to determine the ability of commercial susceptibility testing procedures and vancomycin agar screening methods to detect isolates with reduced glycopeptide susceptibility. By PCR analysis, none of the isolates with decreased glycopeptide susceptibility contained known vancomycin resistance genes. Broth microdilution tests held a full 24 h were best at detecting strains with reduced glycopeptide susceptibility. Disk diffusion did not differentiate the strains inhibited by 8 mu g of vancomycin per ml from more susceptible isolates. Most of the isolates with reduced glycopeptide susceptibility were recognized by MicroScan conventional panels and Etest vancomycin strips. Sensititre panels read visually were more variable, although with some of the panels MICs of 8 mu g/ml were noted for these isolates. Vitek results were 4 mu g/ml for all strains for which the vancomycin MICs were greater than or equal to 4 mu g/ml. Vancomycin MICs on Rapid MicroScan panels were not predictive, giving MICs of either less than or equal to 2 or greater than or equal to 16 mu g/ml for these isolates. Commercial brain heart infusion vancomycin agar screening plates containing 6 mu g of vancomycin per ml consistently differentiated those strains inhibited by 8 mu g/ml from more susceptible strains. Vancomycin-containing media prepared in-house showed occasional growth of susceptible strains, Staphylococcus aureus ATCC 29213, and on occasion, Enterococcus faecalis ATCC 29212. Thus, strains of staphylococci with reduced susceptibility to glycopeptides, such as vancomycin, are best detected in the laboratory by nonautomated quantitative tests incubated for a full 24 h. Furthermore, it appears that commercial vancomycin agar screening plates can be used to detect these isolates. JF - Journal of Clinical Microbiology AU - Tenover, F C AU - Lancaster, M V AU - Hill, B C AU - Steward, ChD AU - Stocker, ShA AU - Hancock, G A AU - O'Hara, C M AU - Clark, N C AU - Hiramatsu, K AD - Nosocomial Pathogens Laboratory Branch (G08), Hospital Infections Program, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, 1600 Clifton Rd., Atlanta, GA 30333, USA, fnt1@CDC.GOV Y1 - 1998/04// PY - 1998 DA - Apr 1998 SP - 1020 EP - 1027 VL - 36 IS - 4 KW - Glycoproteins KW - Microbiology Abstracts B: Bacteriology KW - J 02795:Antibiotic resistance UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16361221?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologyb&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Clinical+Microbiology&rft.atitle=Characterization+of+staphylococci+with+reduced+susceptibilities+to+vancomycin+and+other+glycopeptides&rft.au=Tenover%2C+F+C%3BLancaster%2C+M+V%3BHill%2C+B+C%3BSteward%2C+ChD%3BStocker%2C+ShA%3BHancock%2C+G+A%3BO%27Hara%2C+C+M%3BClark%2C+N+C%3BHiramatsu%2C+K&rft.aulast=Tenover&rft.aufirst=F&rft.date=1998-04-01&rft.volume=36&rft.issue=4&rft.spage=1020&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+Clinical+Microbiology&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - The Cote d'Ivoire national HIV counseling and testing program for tuberculosis patients: Implementation and analysis of epidemiologic data AN - 16421827; 4326229 AB - Objectives: To describe the implementation of a free, voluntary and confidential HIV counseling and testing program for patients with newly diagnosed tuberculosis at the eight large outpatient tuberculosis centers in Cote d'Ivoire, and to present epidemiologic findings on participating patients. Design: HIV counseling and testing program with ongoing HIV serosurveillance. Methods: HIV counseling and testing services were established at the two tuberculosis centers in Abidjan in 1989 and were extended to six centers in the Cote d'Ivoire interior in the first half of 1994. Characteristics of counseled patients, acceptance rates of HIV testing, and HIV serologic results were analyzed for all eight centers from 1994 to 1996. Temporal trends in HIV seropositivity rates were examined for the two centers of Abidjan from 1989 to 1996. Results: From July 1994 through December 1996, 17 946 (91.8%) out of 19 594 patients who were counseled at the eight centers in Cote d'Ivoire consented to HIV testing, of whom 7749 (43.2%) were HIV-seropositive. The highest rates of 47.0 and 45.6% were found in the two centers in Abidjan, with rates ranging from 32.9 to 42.4% in the six centers in the interior. HIV-seropositive tuberculosis patients from each of the 50 districts in Cote d'Ivoire were identified. In Abidjan, the HIV seropositivity rate remained relatively stable among men (46.7% in 1989, 48.5% in 1991, 43.6% in 1996), but rose sharply among women from 32.7% in 1989 to 50.1% in 1996. Conclusions: The high HIV seropositivity rates among tuberculosis patients in all geographic regions of Cote d'Ivoire indicate that the HIV epidemic has now spread throughout the country. However, the successful implementation of an extensive HIV counseling and testing program for more than 37 000 tuberculosis patients to date demonstrates the commitment of the Cote d'Ivoire Ministry of Health to integrating HIV/AIDS prevention activities with tuberculosis control efforts. When logistically and economically feasible, the extension of HIV-related social and clinical services to HIV-seropositive tuberculosis patients should be considered by other national tuberculosis control programs in Africa. JF - AIDS AU - Abouya, L AU - Coulibaly, I M AU - Wiktor, S Z AU - Coulibaly, D AU - N'kragbo, M AU - N'gbo, A AU - Zahui, H AU - Toure, K AU - Jacquemin, K AU - San-Koffi, M AU - Ackah, A AU - Sassan-Morokro, M AU - Maurice, C AU - Whitaker, J P AD - CDC MS E-50, 1600 Clifton Road, Atlanta, GA 30333, USA Y1 - 1998/03/26/ PY - 1998 DA - 1998 Mar 26 SP - 505 EP - 512 VL - 12 IS - 5 SN - 0269-9370, 0269-9370 KW - Africa KW - Coite d'Ivoire KW - HIV KW - Ivory Coast KW - demographics KW - human immunodeficiency virus KW - man KW - tuberculosis KW - Health & Safety Science Abstracts; Virology & AIDS Abstracts KW - H 11000:Diseases/Injuries/Trauma KW - V 22004:AIDS: Clinical aspects UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16421827?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Ahealthsafetyabstracts&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=AIDS&rft.atitle=The+Cote+d%27Ivoire+national+HIV+counseling+and+testing+program+for+tuberculosis+patients%3A+Implementation+and+analysis+of+epidemiologic+data&rft.au=Abouya%2C+L%3BCoulibaly%2C+I+M%3BWiktor%2C+S+Z%3BCoulibaly%2C+D%3BN%27kragbo%2C+M%3BN%27gbo%2C+A%3BZahui%2C+H%3BToure%2C+K%3BJacquemin%2C+K%3BSan-Koffi%2C+M%3BAckah%2C+A%3BSassan-Morokro%2C+M%3BMaurice%2C+C%3BWhitaker%2C+J+P&rft.aulast=Abouya&rft.aufirst=L&rft.date=1998-03-26&rft.volume=12&rft.issue=5&rft.spage=505&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=AIDS&rft.issn=02699370&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Human exposure to Brucella abortus strain RB51--Kansas, 1997. AN - 79751793; 9518281 AB - On May 26-27, 1997, nine persons (a farmer, four veterinary clinicians, and four veterinary students) in Manhattan, Kansas, participated in an attempted vaginal delivery, a cesarean delivery, and a necropsy on a stillborn calf that died because of Brucella abortus infection. The infection was confirmed by isolation of B. abortus from placental and fetal lung tissue cultures. The National Animal Disease Center, U.S. Department of Agriculture (USDA), identified the B. abortus isolate from the calf as the RB51 vaccine strain. RB51 is a live, attenuated strain that was licensed conditionally by the Veterinary Services, Animal and Plant Health Inspection Service, USDA, on February 23, 1996, for vaccination of cattle in the United States. Before 1996, vaccine was made by using the S19 strain. This report describes occupational exposure to animals infected with the RB51 strain and emphasizes the need for surveillance of unintentional exposure of humans to RB51 to assess outcomes of such exposures. JF - MMWR. Morbidity and mortality weekly report AU - Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) AD - Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) Y1 - 1998/03/13/ PY - 1998 DA - 1998 Mar 13 SP - 172 EP - 175 VL - 47 IS - 9 SN - 0149-2195, 0149-2195 KW - Brucella Vaccine KW - 0 KW - Vaccines, Attenuated KW - Index Medicus KW - Animals KW - Cattle KW - Kansas KW - Humans KW - Adult KW - Middle Aged KW - Antibiotic Prophylaxis KW - Species Specificity KW - Male KW - Female KW - Brucellosis -- prevention & control KW - Occupational Exposure -- prevention & control KW - Brucella abortus -- immunology KW - Brucellosis, Bovine -- microbiology KW - Veterinary Medicine KW - Brucella abortus -- classification KW - Brucellosis, Bovine -- prevention & control KW - Brucella abortus -- isolation & purification UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/79751793?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=MMWR.+Morbidity+and+mortality+weekly+report&rft.atitle=Human+exposure+to+Brucella+abortus+strain+RB51--Kansas%2C+1997.&rft.au=Centers+for+Disease+Control+and+Prevention+%28CDC%29&rft.aulast=Centers+for+Disease+Control+and+Prevention+%28CDC%29&rft.aufirst=&rft.date=1998-03-13&rft.volume=47&rft.issue=9&rft.spage=172&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=MMWR.+Morbidity+and+mortality+weekly+report&rft.issn=01492195&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1998-03-26 N1 - Date created - 1998-03-26 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Tetanus among injecting-drug users--California, 1997. AN - 79746037; 9518277 AB - During 1997, 47 cases of tetanus were provisionally reported in the United States; 11 of these were reported from California. Of these 11, six (55%) occurred among injecting-drug users (IDUs). The substantial proportion of cases among IDUs prompted a review of reported tetanus cases in California. This report summarizes reported cases of tetanus in IDUs in California during 1987-1997 and presents two case reports for 1997. JF - MMWR. Morbidity and mortality weekly report AU - Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) AD - Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) Y1 - 1998/03/06/ PY - 1998 DA - 1998 Mar 06 SP - 149 EP - 151 VL - 47 IS - 8 SN - 0149-2195, 0149-2195 KW - Index Medicus KW - Fatal Outcome KW - Humans KW - Middle Aged KW - California -- epidemiology KW - Male KW - Female KW - Tetanus -- etiology KW - Tetanus -- epidemiology KW - Substance Abuse, Intravenous -- complications UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/79746037?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=MMWR.+Morbidity+and+mortality+weekly+report&rft.atitle=Tetanus+among+injecting-drug+users--California%2C+1997.&rft.au=Centers+for+Disease+Control+and+Prevention+%28CDC%29&rft.aulast=Centers+for+Disease+Control+and+Prevention+%28CDC%29&rft.aufirst=&rft.date=1998-03-06&rft.volume=47&rft.issue=8&rft.spage=149&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=MMWR.+Morbidity+and+mortality+weekly+report&rft.issn=01492195&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1998-03-26 N1 - Date created - 1998-03-26 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Deaths from unintentional carbon monoxide poisoning and potential for prevention with carbon monoxide detectors. AN - 79718304; 9496987 AB - Unintentional carbon monoxide (CO) poisoning causes approximately 2100 deaths in the United States per year, but the use of CO detectors could potentially prevent many of these deaths. To describe the epidemiology of potentially preventable unintentional CO poisoning deaths in New Mexico. Descriptive analysis. A total of 136 deaths from CO poisoning investigated by the New Mexico Office of the Medical Investigator, 1980 through 1995. Characteristics of deaths from CO poisoning; estimates of the number of deaths potentially preventable with CO detectors. Of 136 people whose deaths were classified as "unintentional carbon monoxide poisoning, not fire related," 49 (36%) most likely were asleep when poisoned. Thirty-nine (49%) of 80 people whose deaths were identified as "residential fatalities" most likely were asleep vs 10 (18%) of 56 of those whose deaths were identified as occurring in or around motor vehicles. A blood-alcohol level greater than 0.01% was present in 56 (42%) of the decedents. Among decedents who had a negative blood-alcohol level (52 in residences and 26 in vehicles), an electronic audible CO detector may have prevented CO poisoning; whereas, among those who had a negative blood-alcohol level and most likely were awake at the time of CO exposure (28 in residences and 23 in vehicles), an electronic detector or a nonaudible, chemical reagent type detector may have prevented CO poisoning. Differences exist between deaths due to unintentional CO poisoning that occur in residences and those that occur in or around motor vehicles. Carbon monoxide detectors, whether the electronic or chemical reagent types, may have prevented approximately half of these deaths. The high proportion of decedents with alcohol in their blood indicates that effective public health campaigns must address the role of alcohol in CO poisoning deaths. JF - JAMA AU - Yoon, S S AU - Macdonald, S C AU - Parrish, R G AD - Epidemic Intelligence Service, National Center for Environmental Health, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Ga 30341-3724, USA. say7@cdc.gov Y1 - 1998/03/04/ PY - 1998 DA - 1998 Mar 04 SP - 685 EP - 687 VL - 279 IS - 9 SN - 0098-7484, 0098-7484 KW - Vehicle Emissions KW - 0 KW - Abridged Index Medicus KW - Index Medicus KW - New Mexico -- epidemiology KW - Accidents, Home -- prevention & control KW - Humans KW - Aged KW - Child KW - Accidents, Home -- mortality KW - Alcohol Drinking KW - Motor Vehicles KW - Child, Preschool KW - Household Articles KW - Infant KW - Adult KW - Middle Aged KW - Adolescent KW - Carbon Monoxide Poisoning -- prevention & control KW - Carbon Monoxide Poisoning -- mortality UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/79718304?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=JAMA&rft.atitle=Deaths+from+unintentional+carbon+monoxide+poisoning+and+potential+for+prevention+with+carbon+monoxide+detectors.&rft.au=Yoon%2C+S+S%3BMacdonald%2C+S+C%3BParrish%2C+R+G&rft.aulast=Yoon&rft.aufirst=S&rft.date=1998-03-04&rft.volume=279&rft.issue=9&rft.spage=685&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=JAMA&rft.issn=00987484&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1998-03-11 N1 - Date created - 1998-03-11 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - A monoclonal antibody generated by antigen inoculation via tick bite is reactive to the Borrelia burgdorferi Rev protein, a member of the 2.9 gene family locus. AN - 79704895; 9488385 AB - Murine monoclonal antibodies directed against proteins of Borrelia burgdorferi B31 (low passage) were generated by the administration of antigen via the bite of borrelia-infected ticks. This strategy was employed as a mechanism to create antibodies against antigens presented by the natural route of tick transmission versus those presented by inoculation with cultured borreliae. One of the resultant antibodies reacted with a 17-kDa antigen from cultured B. burgdorferi, as seen by immunoblot analysis. This antibody was used to screen a B. burgdorferi genomic DNA lambda vector expression library, and an immunoreactive clone was isolated. DNA sequence analysis of this clone, containing a 2.7-kb insert, revealed several open reading frames. These open reading frames were found to be homologs of genes discovered as a multicopy gene family in the 297 strain of B. burgdorferi by Porcella et al. (S. F. Porcella, T. G. Popova, D. R. Akins, M. Li, J. D. Radolf, and M. V. Norgard, J. Bacteriol. 178:3293-3307, 1996). By selectively subcloning genes found in this insert into an Escherichia coli plasmid expression vector, the observation was made that the rev gene product was the protein reactive with the 17-kDa-specific monoclonal antibody. The rev gene product was found to be expressed in low-passage, but not in high-passage, B. burgdorferi B31. Correspondingly, the rev gene was not present in strain B31 genomic DNA from cultures that had been passaged >50 times. Serum samples from Lyme disease patients demonstrated an antibody response against the Rev protein. The generation of an anti-Rev response in Lyme disease patients, and in mice by tick bite inoculation, provides evidence that the Rev protein is expressed and immunogenic during the course of natural transmission and infection. JF - Infection and immunity AU - Gilmore, R D AU - Mbow, M L AD - Division of Vector-Borne Infectious Diseases, National Center for Infectious Diseases, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Fort Collins, Colorado 80522, USA. rbg9@cdc.gov Y1 - 1998/03// PY - 1998 DA - March 1998 SP - 980 EP - 986 VL - 66 IS - 3 SN - 0019-9567, 0019-9567 KW - Antibodies, Bacterial KW - 0 KW - Antibodies, Monoclonal KW - Antigens, Bacterial KW - DNA, Bacterial KW - Gene Products, rev KW - Index Medicus KW - AIDS/HIV KW - Animals KW - Humans KW - Molecular Sequence Data KW - Insect Bites and Stings KW - Mice KW - Amino Acid Sequence KW - Nucleic Acid Hybridization KW - Mice, Inbred BALB C KW - DNA, Bacterial -- analysis KW - Female KW - Antibodies, Monoclonal -- biosynthesis KW - Borrelia burgdorferi Group -- immunology KW - Genes, Bacterial KW - Antibodies, Bacterial -- analysis KW - Ticks -- microbiology KW - Gene Products, rev -- immunology KW - Gene Products, rev -- genetics KW - Antibodies, Bacterial -- immunology KW - Antigens, Bacterial -- immunology KW - Antibodies, Bacterial -- biosynthesis KW - Borrelia burgdorferi Group -- genetics KW - Antibodies, Monoclonal -- immunology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/79704895?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Infection+and+immunity&rft.atitle=A+monoclonal+antibody+generated+by+antigen+inoculation+via+tick+bite+is+reactive+to+the+Borrelia+burgdorferi+Rev+protein%2C+a+member+of+the+2.9+gene+family+locus.&rft.au=Gilmore%2C+R+D%3BMbow%2C+M+L&rft.aulast=Gilmore&rft.aufirst=R&rft.date=1998-03-01&rft.volume=66&rft.issue=3&rft.spage=980&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Infection+and+immunity&rft.issn=00199567&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1998-03-12 N1 - Date created - 1998-03-12 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Genetic sequence - U45424; GENBANK; AF000270; U45425; U45426; U45427; U45423; U45422; U45421 N1 - SuppNotes - Cited By: Science. 1982 Jun 18;216(4552):1317-9 [7043737] Mol Microbiol. 1997 Jun;24(6):1201-13 [9218769] J Infect Dis. 1987 Nov;156(5):852-3 [3655406] Infect Immun. 1988 Aug;56(8):1831-6 [3397175] Mol Microbiol. 1989 Apr;3(4):479-86 [2761388] N Engl J Med. 1989 Aug 31;321(9):586-96 [2668764] Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1989 Aug;86(15):5969-73 [2762306] J Clin Microbiol. 1989 Aug;27(8):1723-7 [2768461] Microb Pathog. 1990 Feb;8(2):109-18 [2348778] N Engl J Med. 1990 Nov 22;323(21):1438-44 [2172819] Mol Microbiol. 1992 Feb;6(4):503-9 [1560779] Infect Immun. 1992 Nov;60(11):4662-72 [1398980] J Bacteriol. 1993 Feb;175(4):926-32 [7679385] Infect Immun. 1993 May;61(5):2192-5 [8478109] Infect Immun. 1994 Jan;62(1):290-8 [8262642] Trends Microbiol. 1993 Sep;1(6):236-9 [8137122] Infect Immun. 1994 Jul;62(7):2653-61 [8005657] Microbiology. 1994 Aug;140 ( Pt 8):1803-16 [7921235] Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1995 Mar 28;92(7):2909-13 [7708747] Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1995 May 9;92(10):4269-73 [7753795] Infect Immun. 1995 Jun;63(6):2206-12 [7768600] Ann Neurol. 1995 Jun;37(6):691-702 [7778842] Infect Immun. 1995 Sep;63(9):3327-35 [7642261] J Exp Med. 1996 Jan 1;183(1):261-9 [8551229] Infect Immun. 1996 Feb;64(2):392-8 [8550182] J Bacteriol. 1996 Jun;178(11):3293-307 [8655511] Infect Immun. 1996 Jun;64(6):2234-9 [8675332] J Bacteriol. 1996 Jun;178(12):3508-16 [8655548] Mol Microbiol. 1995 Nov;18(3):507-20 [8748034] Infect Immun. 1996 Sep;64(9):3870-6 [8751941] J Clin Microbiol. 1997 Jan;35(1):86-91 [8968885] J Bacteriol. 1997 Jan;179(1):217-27 [8982001] Cell. 1997 Apr 18;89(2):275-85 [9108482] Immunity. 1997 May;6(5):531-9 [9175831] J Clin Microbiol. 1984 Dec;20(6):1099-101 [6520220] N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Cancer risks among workers exposed to metalworking fluids: A systematic review AN - 16426176; 4329320 AB - Metalworking fluids (MWFs) are commonly used in a variety of industrial machining and grinding operations. The National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH) estimates that more than one million workers are exposed to MWFs. NIOSH conducted a comprehensive and systematic review of the epidemiologic studies that examined the association between MWF exposure and cancer. Substantial evidence was found for an increased risk of cancer at several sites (larynx, rectum, pancreas, skin, scrotum, and bladder) associated with at least some MWFs used prior to the mid-1970s. This paper provides the evidence pertaining to cancer at these sites. Cancer at those sites found to have more limited or less consistent evidence for an association with MWF (stomach, esophagus, lung, prostate, brain, colon, and hematopoietic system) will not be discussed in this paper but are discussed in the recent NIOSH Criteria for a Recommended Standard-Occupational Exposure to MWFs. Because the changes in MWF composition that have occurred over the last several decades may not be sufficient to eliminate the cancer risks associated with MWF exposure, reductions in airborne MWF exposures are recommended. JF - American Journal of Industrial Medicine AU - Calvert, G M AU - Ward, E AU - Schnorr, T M AU - Fine, L J AD - National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, 4676 Columbia Parkway, R-21, Cincinnati, OH 45226, USA, jac6@cdc.gov Y1 - 1998/03// PY - 1998 DA - Mar 1998 SP - 282 EP - 292 VL - 33 IS - 3 SN - 0271-3586, 0271-3586 KW - man KW - metal-working fluids KW - Toxicology Abstracts; Risk Abstracts; Health & Safety Science Abstracts KW - R2 23080:Industrial and labor KW - H 1000:Occupational Safety and Health KW - X 24152:Chronic exposure UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16426176?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Ariskabstracts&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=American+Journal+of+Industrial+Medicine&rft.atitle=Cancer+risks+among+workers+exposed+to+metalworking+fluids%3A+A+systematic+review&rft.au=Calvert%2C+G+M%3BWard%2C+E%3BSchnorr%2C+T+M%3BFine%2C+L+J&rft.aulast=Calvert&rft.aufirst=G&rft.date=1998-03-01&rft.volume=33&rft.issue=3&rft.spage=282&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=American+Journal+of+Industrial+Medicine&rft.issn=02713586&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Outbreak of Campylobacter enteritis associated with cross-contamination of food--Oklahoma, 1996. AN - 79721479; 9498294 AB - On August 29, 1996, the Jackson County Health Department (JCHD) in southwestern Oklahoma notified the Oklahoma State Department of Health (OSDH) of a cluster of Campylobacter jejuni infections that occurred during August 16-20 among persons who had eaten lunch at a local restaurant on August 15. This report summarizes the investigation of these cases and indicates that C. jejuni infection was most likely acquired from eating lettuce cross-contaminated with raw chicken. This report also emphasizes the need to keep certain foods and cooking utensils separate during food handling. JF - MMWR. Morbidity and mortality weekly report AU - Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) AD - Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) Y1 - 1998/02/27/ PY - 1998 DA - 1998 Feb 27 SP - 129 EP - 131 VL - 47 IS - 7 SN - 0149-2195, 0149-2195 KW - Index Medicus KW - Food Microbiology KW - Restaurants KW - Humans KW - Adult KW - Middle Aged KW - Child KW - Disease Outbreaks KW - Adolescent KW - Oklahoma -- epidemiology KW - Male KW - Female KW - Child, Preschool KW - Enteritis -- etiology KW - Enteritis -- epidemiology KW - Campylobacter jejuni -- isolation & purification KW - Food Contamination KW - Campylobacter Infections -- epidemiology KW - Enteritis -- microbiology KW - Campylobacter Infections -- etiology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/79721479?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=MMWR.+Morbidity+and+mortality+weekly+report&rft.atitle=Outbreak+of+Campylobacter+enteritis+associated+with+cross-contamination+of+food--Oklahoma%2C+1996.&rft.au=Centers+for+Disease+Control+and+Prevention+%28CDC%29&rft.aulast=Centers+for+Disease+Control+and+Prevention+%28CDC%29&rft.aufirst=&rft.date=1998-02-27&rft.volume=47&rft.issue=7&rft.spage=129&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=MMWR.+Morbidity+and+mortality+weekly+report&rft.issn=01492195&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1998-03-11 N1 - Date created - 1998-03-11 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Adult blood lead epidemiology and surveillance--United States, third quarter, 1997. AN - 79682561; 9469486 AB - CDC's National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH) Adult Blood Lead Epidemiology and Surveillance program (ABLES) monitors laboratory-reported elevated blood lead levels (BLLs) among adults in the United States. During 1997, a total of 27 states reported surveillance data to ABLES. This report presents ABLES data for the first three quarters of 1997 and compares these data with the first three quarters of 1996. JF - MMWR. Morbidity and mortality weekly report AU - Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) AD - Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) Y1 - 1998/02/06/ PY - 1998 DA - 1998 Feb 06 SP - 77 EP - 80 VL - 47 IS - 4 SN - 0149-2195, 0149-2195 KW - Lead KW - 2P299V784P KW - Index Medicus KW - Mass Screening KW - Humans KW - Adult KW - United States -- epidemiology KW - Population Surveillance KW - Lead Poisoning -- prevention & control KW - Lead Poisoning -- epidemiology KW - Lead -- blood UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/79682561?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=MMWR.+Morbidity+and+mortality+weekly+report&rft.atitle=Adult+blood+lead+epidemiology+and+surveillance--United+States%2C+third+quarter%2C+1997.&rft.au=Centers+for+Disease+Control+and+Prevention+%28CDC%29&rft.aulast=Centers+for+Disease+Control+and+Prevention+%28CDC%29&rft.aufirst=&rft.date=1998-02-06&rft.volume=47&rft.issue=4&rft.spage=77&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=MMWR.+Morbidity+and+mortality+weekly+report&rft.issn=01492195&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1998-02-17 N1 - Date created - 1998-02-17 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Survey details the extent of college students' risky behavior AN - 227127627 JF - Modern Medicine AU - Center for Disease Control AD - Center for Disease Control Y1 - 1998/02// PY - 1998 DA - Feb 1998 SP - 52 CY - Cleveland PB - Advanstar Communications, Inc. VL - 66 IS - 2 SN - 00268070 KW - Medical Sciences UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/227127627?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Ahealthmanagement&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Modern+Medicine&rft.atitle=Survey+details+the+extent+of+college+students%27+risky+behavior&rft.au=Center+for+Disease+Control&rft.aulast=Center+for+Disease+Control&rft.aufirst=&rft.date=1998-02-01&rft.volume=66&rft.issue=2&rft.spage=52&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Modern+Medicine&rft.issn=00268070&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Central N1 - Copyright - Copyright Advanstar Communications, Inc. Feb 1998 N1 - Last updated - 2014-05-16 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Public health implications of environmental exposures AN - 16397219; 4305859 AB - The Agency for Toxic Substances and Disease Registry (ATSDR) is a public health agency with responsibility for assessing the public health implications associated with uncontrolled releases of hazardous substances into the environment. The biological effects of low-level exposures are a primary concern in these assessments. One of the tools used by the agency for this purpose is the risk assessment paradigm originally outlined and described by the National Academy of Science in 1983. Because of its design and inherent concepts, risk assessment has been variously employed by a number of environmental and public health agencies and programs as a means to organize information, as a decision support tool, and as a working hypothesis for biologically based inference and extrapolation. Risk assessment has also been the subject of significant critical review. The ATSDR recognizes the utility of both the qualitative and quantitative conclusions provided by traditional risk assessment, but the agency uses such estimates only in the broader context of professional judgment, internal and external peer review, and extensive public review and comment. This multifaceted approach is consistent with the Council on Environmental Quality's description and use of risk analysis as an organizing construct based on sound biomedical and other scientific judgment in concert with risk assessment to define plausible exposure ranges of concern rather than a single numerical estimate that may convey an artificial sense of precision. In this approach biomedical opinion, host factors, mechanistic interpretation, molecular epidemiology, and actual exposure conditions are all critically important in evaluating the significance of environmental exposure to hazardous substances. As such, the ATSDR risk analysis approach is a multidimensional endeavor encompassing not only the components of risk assessment but also the principles of biomedical judgment, risk management, and risk communication. Within this framework of risk analysis, the ATSDR may rely on one or more of a number of interrelated principles and approaches to screen, organize information, set priorities, make decisions, and define future research needs and directions. JF - Environmental Health Perspectives AU - De Rosa, CT AU - Pohl, H R AU - Williams, M AU - Ademoyero, A A AU - Chou, C-HSJ AU - Jones, DE AD - Agency for Toxic Substances and Disease Registry, MS-E29, 1600 Clifton Road, Atlanta, GA 30333, USA, dej2@cdc.gov Y1 - 1998/02// PY - 1998 DA - Feb 1998 SP - 369 EP - 378 VL - 106 SN - 0091-6765, 0091-6765 KW - environmental hygiene KW - government policy KW - Pollution Abstracts; Toxicology Abstracts; Health & Safety Science Abstracts KW - X 24230:Legislation & recommended standards KW - H 12000:Epidemiology and Public Health KW - P 6000:TOXICOLOGY AND HEALTH UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16397219?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxicologyabstracts&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Environmental+Health+Perspectives&rft.atitle=Public+health+implications+of+environmental+exposures&rft.au=De+Rosa%2C+CT%3BPohl%2C+H+R%3BWilliams%2C+M%3BAdemoyero%2C+A+A%3BChou%2C+C-HSJ%3BJones%2C+DE&rft.aulast=De+Rosa&rft.aufirst=CT&rft.date=1998-02-01&rft.volume=106&rft.issue=&rft.spage=369&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Environmental+Health+Perspectives&rft.issn=00916765&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Ergonomic considerations of manually harvesting Maine wild blueberries AN - 16346380; 4307740 AB - In July 1993, the National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH) received a request for a health hazard evaluation from the Maine Department of Human Services. NIOSH was asked to investigate musculoskeletal conditions, in particular wrist disorders (informally called "rakers' tendinitis") which were reported among harvesters who raked wild blueberries in Maine. Annually thousands of seasonal workers rake wild blueberries in various parts of Maine, mostly in the month of August. A field survey consisting of a symptom questionnaire, limited physical examinations, and ergonomic assessment of raking was conducted at a blueberry grower and processor in Maine. A convenience sample of 134 rakers was recruited on-site over a three-day period in late August. Their median age was 30 (range: 13 to 69); 73% of participants were males; 10% of the participants were children (age 13 to 17). Participants reported moderate to severe pain, which was felt after the start of raking in the back (14%), in the hand/wrist (12%), and in the elbow (8%). On physical examinations, 10% had some hand/wrist pain accompanied by a positive Phalen's or Tinel's test (consistent with carpal tunnel syndrome), or a positive Finkelstein's test (consistent with de Quervain's disease). Ergonomic analysis of raking revealed that rakers worked mostly in stooped posture and frequently carried loaded buckets (up to 13 kg each). The metal rakes varied in size (42 to 47 cm wide) and weight (1.2 to 2.3 kg). The typical raking motion involved a constant firm grip on the handle, and repetitive ulnar (toward the little finger) and radial (toward the thumb) deviations of the wrist. The force of lifting the rake through the blueberry bushes was estimated to be 87 Newtons (S.D. plus or minus 17.5), and the motion was repeated 32 times/min (S.D. plus or minus 13). These repetitive and forceful motions could cause friction on the tenosynovium and explain a high prevalence of tendinitis. Recommendations for improvements to the rake and raking methods are suggested. JF - Journal of Agricultural Safety and Health AU - Estill, C F AU - Tanaka, S AD - NIOSH, 4676 Columbia Parkway, MS-R5, Cincinnati, OH 45226, USA, clf4@cdc.gov Y1 - 1998/02// PY - 1998 DA - Feb 1998 SP - 43 EP - 57 VL - 4 IS - 1 SN - 1074-7583, 1074-7583 KW - USA, Maine KW - ergonomics KW - musculoskeletal system KW - wrist KW - Health & Safety Science Abstracts KW - H 10000:Ergonomics/Human Factors UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16346380?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Ahealthsafetyabstracts&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Agricultural+Safety+and+Health&rft.atitle=Ergonomic+considerations+of+manually+harvesting+Maine+wild+blueberries&rft.au=Estill%2C+C+F%3BTanaka%2C+S&rft.aulast=Estill&rft.aufirst=C&rft.date=1998-02-01&rft.volume=4&rft.issue=1&rft.spage=43&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+Agricultural+Safety+and+Health&rft.issn=10747583&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Using surveillance data to monitor trends in the AIDS epidemic AN - 16383333; 4298328 AB - Series of incident cases of acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) must be adjusted before being used to evaluate trends in AIDS incidence or to estimate the current prevalence of the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV). This paper describes adjustments that account for delays in reporting AIDS cases, the lack of HIV-exposure information for some cases, and future diagnoses of AIDS-defining opportunistic illnesses among persons reported with AIDS under the severe immunosuppression criteria of the 1993 AIDS surveillance case definition. These adjustments are illustrated using AIDS cases reported to March 1996. JF - Statistics in Medicine AU - Green, T A AD - Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, 1600 Clifton Road, N.E. (MS-A12), Atlanta, GA 30333, USA, tag1@cdc.gov Y1 - 1998/01/30/ PY - 1998 DA - 1998 Jan 30 SP - 143 EP - 154 VL - 17 IS - 2 SN - 0277-6715, 0277-6715 KW - HIV KW - man KW - surveillance KW - Microbiology Abstracts A: Industrial & Applied Microbiology; Virology & AIDS Abstracts KW - V 22005:AIDS: Epidemiological aspects KW - A 01114:Viruses UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16383333?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologya&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Statistics+in+Medicine&rft.atitle=Using+surveillance+data+to+monitor+trends+in+the+AIDS+epidemic&rft.au=Green%2C+T+A&rft.aulast=Green&rft.aufirst=T&rft.date=1998-01-30&rft.volume=17&rft.issue=2&rft.spage=143&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Statistics+in+Medicine&rft.issn=02776715&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Fatalities associated with large round hay bales--Minnesota, 1994-1996. AN - 79684045; 9461050 AB - Agriculture has one of the highest occupational fatality rates of all U.S. industries. Since the mid-1970s, traditional small-bale balers have gradually been replaced by large-bale balers in the agriculture industry. Expanded use of these balers has resulted in worker exposure to new hazards not present during handling of traditional small bales; the larger size of the bales increases the potential for serious injury or death while workers handle them. During 1994-1996, seven persons in Minnesota died in separate incidents that involved large round hay bales (i.e., cylindrical bales approximately 5 feet in length with flat ends, diameters of approximately 6 feet, and weights ranging from 750 to 1500 lbs). The Minnesota Fatality Assessment and Control Evaluation program (MN FACE), a program sponsored by CDC's National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH), was notified of these incidents by the Minnesota Extension Service, a newspaper clipping service, and/or by death-certificate review. This report describes three incidents that were reported to MN FACE during 1994-1996, summarizes national surveillance for bale-associated deaths during 1980-1995, and provides recommendations to prevent fatalities associated with large bales. JF - MMWR. Morbidity and mortality weekly report AU - Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) AD - Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) Y1 - 1998/01/23/ PY - 1998 DA - 1998 Jan 23 SP - 27 EP - 30 VL - 47 IS - 2 SN - 0149-2195, 0149-2195 KW - Index Medicus KW - Humans KW - Adult KW - Middle Aged KW - Minnesota -- epidemiology KW - Male KW - Agriculture KW - Accidents, Occupational -- statistics & numerical data KW - Accidents, Occupational -- mortality UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/79684045?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=MMWR.+Morbidity+and+mortality+weekly+report&rft.atitle=Fatalities+associated+with+large+round+hay+bales--Minnesota%2C+1994-1996.&rft.au=Centers+for+Disease+Control+and+Prevention+%28CDC%29&rft.aulast=Centers+for+Disease+Control+and+Prevention+%28CDC%29&rft.aufirst=&rft.date=1998-01-23&rft.volume=47&rft.issue=2&rft.spage=27&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=MMWR.+Morbidity+and+mortality+weekly+report&rft.issn=01492195&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1998-02-10 N1 - Date created - 1998-02-10 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Use of sterile syringes and aseptic drug preparation are important components of HIV prevention among injection drug users. AN - 80000863; 9663616 JF - Journal of acquired immune deficiency syndromes and human retrovirology : official publication of the International Retrovirology Association AU - Jones, T S AU - Vlahov, D AD - Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia 30333, USA. tsj1@cdc.gov Y1 - 1998 PY - 1998 DA - 1998 SP - S1 EP - S5 VL - 18 Suppl 1 SN - 1077-9450, 1077-9450 KW - Index Medicus KW - AIDS/HIV KW - United States KW - United States Public Health Service KW - Needle Sharing KW - Humans KW - Drug Compounding -- standards KW - Sterilization KW - HIV Infections -- prevention & control KW - Syringes KW - Substance Abuse, Intravenous UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/80000863?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+acquired+immune+deficiency+syndromes+and+human+retrovirology+%3A+official+publication+of+the+International+Retrovirology+Association&rft.atitle=Use+of+sterile+syringes+and+aseptic+drug+preparation+are+important+components+of+HIV+prevention+among+injection+drug+users.&rft.au=Jones%2C+T+S%3BVlahov%2C+D&rft.aulast=Jones&rft.aufirst=T&rft.date=1998-01-01&rft.volume=18+Suppl+1&rft.issue=&rft.spage=S1&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+acquired+immune+deficiency+syndromes+and+human+retrovirology+%3A+official+publication+of+the+International+Retrovirology+Association&rft.issn=10779450&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1998-07-28 N1 - Date created - 1998-07-28 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Cost and cost-effectiveness of increasing access to sterile syringes and needles as an HIV prevention intervention in the United States. AN - 79997263; 9663636 AB - We determined the cost of increasing access of injection drug users (IDUs) to sterile syringes and needles as an HIV prevention intervention in the United States and the cost per HIV infection averted by such a program. We considered a hypothetical cohort of 1 million active IDUs in the United States. Standard methods were used to estimate the cost and cost-effectiveness of policies to increase access to sterile syringes and syringe disposal at various levels of coverage (e.g., a 100% coverage level would ensure access to a sterile syringe for each injection given current levels of illicit drug injection in the United States; a 50% coverage level would ensure access to one half of the required syringes). A mathematical model of HIV transmission was employed to link programmatic coverage levels with estimates of numbers of HIV infections averted. A policy of funding syringe exchange programs, pharmacy sales, and syringe disposal to cover all illicit drug injections would cost just over $423 million U.S. for 1 year. One third of these costs would be paid for as out-of-pocket expenditures by IDUs purchasing syringes in pharmacies. Compared with the status quo, this policy would cost an estimated $34,278 U.S. per HIV infection averted, a figure well under the estimated lifetime costs of medical care for a person with HIV infection. At very high levels of coverage (>88%), the marginal cost-effectiveness of increased program coverage becomes less favorable. Although the total costs of funding large-scale IDU access to sterile syringes and disposal seem high, the economic benefits are substantial. Even at high levels of coverage, such funding would save society money. As part of a comprehensive program of HIV prevention, policies to increase IDUs access to sterile syringes urgently need further consideration by public health decision makers. JF - Journal of acquired immune deficiency syndromes and human retrovirology : official publication of the International Retrovirology Association AU - Holtgrave, D R AU - Pinkerton, S D AU - Jones, T S AU - Lurie, P AU - Vlahov, D AD - Center for AIDS Intervention Research, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, USA. dyn6@cdc.gov Y1 - 1998 PY - 1998 DA - 1998 SP - S133 EP - S138 VL - 18 Suppl 1 SN - 1077-9450, 1077-9450 KW - Index Medicus KW - AIDS/HIV KW - Costs and Cost Analysis KW - Risk-Taking KW - Humans KW - Cost-Benefit Analysis KW - Models, Statistical KW - Health Policy -- economics KW - United States -- epidemiology KW - Sterilization KW - Models, Theoretical KW - Needles -- economics KW - Substance Abuse, Intravenous -- economics KW - Syringes -- economics KW - HIV Infections -- prevention & control KW - Substance Abuse, Intravenous -- epidemiology KW - HIV Infections -- economics UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/79997263?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+acquired+immune+deficiency+syndromes+and+human+retrovirology+%3A+official+publication+of+the+International+Retrovirology+Association&rft.atitle=Cost+and+cost-effectiveness+of+increasing+access+to+sterile+syringes+and+needles+as+an+HIV+prevention+intervention+in+the+United+States.&rft.au=Holtgrave%2C+D+R%3BPinkerton%2C+S+D%3BJones%2C+T+S%3BLurie%2C+P%3BVlahov%2C+D&rft.aulast=Holtgrave&rft.aufirst=D&rft.date=1998-01-01&rft.volume=18+Suppl+1&rft.issue=&rft.spage=S133&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+acquired+immune+deficiency+syndromes+and+human+retrovirology+%3A+official+publication+of+the+International+Retrovirology+Association&rft.issn=10779450&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1998-07-28 N1 - Date created - 1998-07-28 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Differences in condom behaviors and beliefs among female drug users recruited from two cities. AN - 79959983; 9640639 AB - This paper examines predictors of condom cognitions and condom use for vaginal sex within women's main and paying partnerships. The sample consisted of active injection drug and crack-using women recruited from two cities with disparate HIV rates. A total of 338 drug-using women who reported vaginal sex with a main and/or paying partner in the prior 30 days were recruited for this study. Recruitment site was a significant predictor for several of the variables examined, for both main and paying partners. Ethnicity and prior HIV test result were also significant predictors, but only for main sex partners. Findings support previous research and suggest that the factors which predict condom beliefs, intention, and behaviors are different for main versus paying partners. Interventions designed to increase condom use must recognize that cognitive factors associated with condom use may vary by partner type, ethnicity, and recruitment site, particularly when important contextual variables, such as local seroprevalence, vary. JF - Women & health AU - Wood, M M AU - Tortu, S AU - Rhodes, F AU - Deren, S AD - California State University, Long Beach, USA. mwm6@wonder.em.cdc.gov Y1 - 1998 PY - 1998 DA - 1998 SP - 137 EP - 160 VL - 27 IS - 1-2 SN - 0363-0242, 0363-0242 KW - Crack Cocaine KW - 0 KW - Index Medicus KW - Population KW - AIDS/HIV KW - United States KW - Measurement KW - Culture KW - Hiv Infections--prevention and control KW - Barrier Methods KW - Research Methodology KW - Blacks KW - Sex Behavior KW - Contraceptive Methods KW - Developed Countries KW - Sexual Partners KW - Whites KW - California KW - Risk Reduction Behavior KW - Population Characteristics KW - Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome--prevention and control KW - Demographic Factors KW - Diseases KW - Family Planning KW - North America KW - Americas KW - Research Report KW - Hispanics KW - Condom KW - Northern America KW - New York KW - Contraception KW - Behavior KW - Ethnic Groups KW - Viral Diseases KW - Iv Drug Users--women KW - Beliefs KW - Drug Usage KW - Prevalence KW - Cultural Background KW - Sexual Behavior KW - Odds Ratio KW - Motivation KW - HIV Seropositivity KW - New York City -- epidemiology KW - Logistic Models KW - Humans KW - Adult KW - Middle Aged KW - Ethnic Groups -- psychology KW - California -- epidemiology KW - Female KW - Sex Work -- statistics & numerical data KW - Condoms -- utilization KW - HIV Infections -- prevention & control KW - Cocaine-Related Disorders -- psychology KW - Health Knowledge, Attitudes, Practice KW - HIV Infections -- epidemiology KW - Substance Abuse, Intravenous -- psychology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/79959983?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Women+%26+health&rft.atitle=Differences+in+condom+behaviors+and+beliefs+among+female+drug+users+recruited+from+two+cities.&rft.au=Wood%2C+M+M%3BTortu%2C+S%3BRhodes%2C+F%3BDeren%2C+S&rft.aulast=Wood&rft.aufirst=M&rft.date=1998-01-01&rft.volume=27&rft.issue=1-2&rft.spage=137&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Women+%26+health&rft.issn=03630242&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1998-09-10 N1 - Date created - 1998-09-10 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Incidence and predictors of smokeless tobacco use among US youth. AN - 79870448; 9584028 AB - The purpose of this study was to provide estimates of the cumulative incidence of initiation of smokeless tobacco use in a cohort of young persons and to explore sociodemographic, environmental, behavioral, and personal predictors of experimentation with and regular use of snuff or chewing tobacco. The data for this cohort study were derived from the 1989 Teenage Attitudes and Practices Survey and its 1993 follow-up. The study included 7830 young people 11 through 19 years of age at baseline. During the 4 years, 12.7% of participants (20.9% of male participants) first tried smokeless tobacco, and 4.0% (8.0% of male participants) became self-classified regular users. This suggests that, each year, approximately 824000 young people in the United States 11 to 19 years of age experiment with smokeless tobacco and about 304 000 become regular users. Cumulative incidence was highest for male non-Hispanic Whites. Predictors of regular use included age, geographic region, cigarette smoking, participation in organized sports, and perceived friends' approval or indifference. Public health approaches to preventing use of smokeless tobacco should include development of skills for responding to pressures to use tobacco. JF - American journal of public health AU - Tomar, S L AU - Giovino, G A AD - Office on Smoking and Health, National Center for Chronic Disease Prevention and Health Promotion, Atlanta, GA, USA. Y1 - 1998/01// PY - 1998 DA - January 1998 SP - 20 EP - 26 VL - 88 IS - 1 SN - 0090-0036, 0090-0036 KW - Abridged Index Medicus KW - Index Medicus KW - Odds Ratio KW - Analysis of Variance KW - Adolescent Behavior KW - Humans KW - Child KW - Health Promotion KW - Ethnic Groups KW - Logistic Models KW - Adult KW - Health Knowledge, Attitudes, Practice KW - Incidence KW - Adolescent KW - United States -- epidemiology KW - Male KW - Female KW - Plants, Toxic KW - Tobacco, Smokeless UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/79870448?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=American+journal+of+public+health&rft.atitle=Incidence+and+predictors+of+smokeless+tobacco+use+among+US+youth.&rft.au=Tomar%2C+S+L%3BGiovino%2C+G+A&rft.aulast=Tomar&rft.aufirst=S&rft.date=1998-01-01&rft.volume=88&rft.issue=1&rft.spage=20&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=American+journal+of+public+health&rft.issn=00900036&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1998-05-14 N1 - Date created - 1998-05-14 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - SuppNotes - Cited By: Prev Med. 1987 May;16(3):385-401 [3588577] N Engl J Med. 1996 Sep 26;335(13):988-94 [8782508] Am J Public Health. 1987 Nov;77(11):1454-6 [3661802] J Health Soc Behav. 1987 Sep;28(3):273-89 [3680920] Am J Public Health. 1988 Jan;78(1):61-3 [3337307] Am J Public Health. 1988 Dec;78(12):1586-8 [3189641] J Indiana Dent Assoc. 1988 May-Jun;67(3):9-15 [3216249] Prev Med. 1988 Jul;17(4):449-60 [3217377] Health Educ Q. 1989 Spring;16(1):91-100 [2703352] NCI Monogr. 1989;(8):39-42 [2785650] NCI Monogr. 1989;(8):43-8 [2716854] NCI Monogr. 1989;(8):49-55 [2785651] NCI Monogr. 1989;(8):57-62 [2785652] NCI Monogr. 1989;(8):87-94 [2654652] Am J Epidemiol. 1989 Aug;130(2):327-37 [2665477] J Dev Behav Pediatr. 1989 Aug;10(4):181-6 [2768485] J Am Coll Health. 1989 Sep;38(2):81-5 [2789245] J Adolesc Health Care. 1989 Sep;10(5):357-62 [2808079] Public Health Rep. 1990 Mar-Apr;105(2):196-201 [2108467] Mo Med. 1990 Jun;87(6):351-4 [2374544] J Cancer Educ. 1989;4(2):125-34 [2641328] Am J Public Health. 1992 Mar;82(3):351-3 [1536348] JAMA. 1993 Mar 17;269(11):1391-5 [8441214] Am J Public Health. 1993 Sep;83(9):1245-50 [8362999] Am J Public Health. 1994 Mar;84(3):399-404 [8129055] MMWR CDC Surveill Summ. 1994 Nov 18;43(3):1-43 [7969014] Prev Med. 1987 May;16(3):422-31 [3588579] N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Acute effects of nitrogen dioxide after accidental release. AN - 79698771; 9475936 AB - Following an accidental release of nitrogen dioxide from a railroad tank car containing nitrous tetroxide, the authors undertook a study of the health effects of the release, measuring the association between acute low level exposure and pulmonary symptoms. The authors reviewed the records of three emergency departments, surveyed 80 emergency department patients, 552 community residents, 21 chemical plant workers, and 29 emergency workers, and conducted a case-control study. Pulmonary case status was defined as having an objective pulmonary finding noted on the emergency department record, reporting that the onset of symptoms was subsequent to the release, and being within the city limits at the time of the release. Self-reported case status was defined as reporting one or more symptoms consistent with exposure to nitrogen dioxide in the week after the release and having been within the city limits at the time of the release. Control subjects were survey respondents who reported no symptoms in the week after the release and had been within the city limits at the time of the release. Chemical exposure was characterized by proximity to, direction from, and being outdoors within one hour after the release. Duration of potential exposure was not measured. Logistic regression was used to estimate odds ratios and 95% confidence interval for symptoms by exposure level, adjusted for age, sex, smoking, and preexisting pulmonary conditions. Local emergency department visits increased fivefold in the week after the release. The most common complaints recorded in a systematic sample of 528 visits in the first 30 hours after the release were headache (31%), burning eyes (30%), and sore throat (24%). Objective pulmonary findings were recorded for 41 (5%) patients in the week before and 165 (4%) in the week after the release. The odds of being a pulmonary case increased by 40% for each quarter-mile increment in proximity to the release (odds ratio [OR] 1.4; 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.1, 1.7), while the odds of being a self-reported case increased by 20% for each quarter-mile increment in proximity (OR 1.2, 95% CI 1.1, 1.4). People who met the pulmonary case definition were 2.5 times (CI 1.3, 4.8) more likely than control subjects to have been outdoors and 6.4 times (CI 3.2, 12.6) more likely to report a preexisting pulmonary condition. Self-reported cases were 2.6 times (95% CI 1.8, 3.8) more likely than control subjects to have been outdoors and 1.9 times (95% CI 1.1, 3.1) more likely to report a preexisting pulmonary condition. Emergency department visits increased five-fold, but serious acute health effects were uncommon. People who met the pulmonary case definition were six times more likely to report pulmonary symptoms than those without preexisting conditions. This study was not designed to determine any potential long-term effects of exposure. JF - Public health reports (Washington, D.C. : 1974) AU - Bauer, U AU - Berg, D AU - Kohn, M A AU - Meriwether, R A AU - Nickle, R A AD - Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), Florida Department of Health, Tallahassee 32399, USA. ursulavbauer@dcf.state.fl.us PY - 1998 SP - 62 EP - 70 VL - 113 IS - 1 SN - 0033-3549, 0033-3549 KW - Air Pollutants KW - 0 KW - Nitrogen Dioxide KW - S7G510RUBH KW - Abridged Index Medicus KW - Index Medicus KW - Epidemiologic Methods KW - Humans KW - Emergency Service, Hospital KW - Air Pollutants -- analysis KW - Lung Diseases -- chemically induced KW - Case-Control Studies KW - Environmental Exposure KW - Lung -- drug effects KW - Middle Aged KW - Data Collection KW - Louisiana KW - Male KW - Chemical Industry KW - Female KW - Nitrogen Dioxide -- adverse effects KW - Accidents, Occupational UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/79698771?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Public+health+reports+%28Washington%2C+D.C.+%3A+1974%29&rft.atitle=Acute+effects+of+nitrogen+dioxide+after+accidental+release.&rft.au=Bauer%2C+U%3BBerg%2C+D%3BKohn%2C+M+A%3BMeriwether%2C+R+A%3BNickle%2C+R+A&rft.aulast=Bauer&rft.aufirst=U&rft.date=1998-01-01&rft.volume=113&rft.issue=1&rft.spage=62&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Public+health+reports+%28Washington%2C+D.C.+%3A+1974%29&rft.issn=00333549&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1998-03-18 N1 - Date created - 1998-03-18 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - SuppNotes - Cited By: Am Ind Hyg Assoc J. 1989 Jul;50(7):346-53 [2756865] JAMA. 1989 Dec 1;262(21):3014-7 [2810645] Ann Intern Med. 1971 Apr;74(4):569-76 [5573158] J Toxicol Environ Health. 1983 Oct-Dec;12(4-6):815-26 [6668625] MMWR Morb Mortal Wkly Rep. 1982 Jul 23;31(28):389-91 [6813669] Int J Epidemiol. 1982 Jun;11(2):155-63 [7095965] JAMA. 1980 Sep 12;244(11):1221-3 [7411784] Am Rev Respir Dis. 1980 Jan;121(1):3-10 [7352711] J Air Pollut Control Assoc. 1970 Sep;20(9):582-8 [5473644] JAMA. 1970 May 25;212(8):1341-4 [4910819] J Clin Invest. 1976 Feb;57(2):301-7 [943420] Arch Environ Health. 1977 Jan-Feb;32(1):33-6 [836084] Environ Res. 1978 Jun;15(3):443-72 [354923] Environ Res. 1979 Aug;19(2):392-404 [499157] N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Environmental exposures that affect the endocrine system: public health implications. AN - 79698671; 9487091 AB - In recent years much attention has been focused on the potential for a wide range of xenobiotic chemicals to interact with and disrupt the endocrine systems of animal and human populations. An overview of the chemicals that have been implicated as endocrine disruptors is presented. The ubiquity in the environment and associated body burdens of these chemicals in human populations are described. Potential mechanisms of action are reviewed, including the role of specific intracellular receptors and their interactions with endogenous and exogenous materials. The subsequent upregulation or downregulation of physiological processes at critical stages of development is discussed. The potential for joint toxic action and interaction of chemical mixtures is also discussed. The acknowledged role of wildlife populations as sentinels of potential human health effects is reviewed, and the weight of evidence for the role and impact of endocrine disruptors is presented. The implications of exposure to endocrine-disrupting chemicals for human health are reviewed, with special emphasis on the potential for transgenerational effects in at-risk populations. Recommendations for future research include the development of (1) structural activity and in vivo and in vitro functional toxicology methods to screen chemicals for their endocrine-disrupting ability, (2) biomarkers of exposure and effect, and (3) in situ sentinel systems. JF - Journal of toxicology and environmental health. Part B, Critical reviews AU - DeRosa, C AU - Richter, P AU - Pohl, H AU - Jones, D E AD - Division of Toxicology, Agency for Toxic Substances and Disease Registry, Public Health Service, U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, Atlanta, Georgia 30333, USA. CYDO@CDC.GOV PY - 1998 SP - 3 EP - 26 VL - 1 IS - 1 SN - 1093-7404, 1093-7404 KW - Biomarkers KW - 0 KW - Xenobiotics KW - Index Medicus KW - Environment KW - Animals KW - Public Health KW - Environmental Health KW - Humans KW - Body Burden KW - Joints -- drug effects KW - Milk -- chemistry KW - Structure-Activity Relationship KW - Xenobiotics -- pharmacology KW - Xenobiotics -- adverse effects KW - Endocrine System -- drug effects KW - Environmental Exposure -- adverse effects UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/79698671?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+toxicology+and+environmental+health.+Part+B%2C+Critical+reviews&rft.atitle=Environmental+exposures+that+affect+the+endocrine+system%3A+public+health+implications.&rft.au=DeRosa%2C+C%3BRichter%2C+P%3BPohl%2C+H%3BJones%2C+D+E&rft.aulast=DeRosa&rft.aufirst=C&rft.date=1998-01-01&rft.volume=1&rft.issue=1&rft.spage=3&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+toxicology+and+environmental+health.+Part+B%2C+Critical+reviews&rft.issn=10937404&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1998-03-05 N1 - Date created - 1998-03-05 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - CDC's lead screening guidance: a systematic approach to more effective screening. AN - 79697594; 9475933 JF - Public health reports (Washington, D.C. : 1974) AU - Tips, N M AU - Falk, H AU - Jackson, R J AD - National Center for Environmental Health, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA. nmt1@cdc.gov PY - 1998 SP - 47 EP - 51 VL - 113 IS - 1 SN - 0033-3549, 0033-3549 KW - Abridged Index Medicus KW - Index Medicus KW - United States KW - Humans KW - Child KW - Child, Preschool KW - Lead Poisoning -- prevention & control KW - Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (U.S.) KW - Practice Guidelines as Topic KW - Mass Screening -- standards KW - Mass Screening -- methods UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/79697594?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Public+health+reports+%28Washington%2C+D.C.+%3A+1974%29&rft.atitle=CDC%27s+lead+screening+guidance%3A+a+systematic+approach+to+more+effective+screening.&rft.au=Tips%2C+N+M%3BFalk%2C+H%3BJackson%2C+R+J&rft.aulast=Tips&rft.aufirst=N&rft.date=1998-01-01&rft.volume=113&rft.issue=1&rft.spage=47&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Public+health+reports+%28Washington%2C+D.C.+%3A+1974%29&rft.issn=00333549&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1998-03-18 N1 - Date created - 1998-03-18 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - SuppNotes - Cited By: Public Health Rep. 1996 Jul-Aug;111(4):342-6 [8711102] Pediatrics. 1996 Jul;98(1):35-40 [8668409] Am J Epidemiol. 1994 May 15;139(10):1016-26 [8178781] Pediatrics. 1994 Feb;93(2):188-91 [8121729] J Pediatr. 1992 Sep;121(3):342-7 [1517906] N Engl J Med. 1982 Sep 2;307(10):573-9 [7110203] Comment On: Public Health Rep. 1998 Jan-Feb;113(1):38-46 [9475932] N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Detection of genomic instability in lung cancer tissues by random amplified polymorphic DNA analysis. AN - 79686642; 9472718 AB - Genomic instability resulting in multiple mutations is believed to be a driving force in the carcinogenic process. In this study, the random amplified polymorphic DNA (RAPD) technique, a simple PCR-based DNA polymorphism assay system, was used for detecting genomic instability in lung cancer tissues. DNAs from 20 lung cancer (18 non-small cell lung cancers and two small cell lung cancers) and their corresponding normal tissues were amplified individually by RAPD with seven different 10-base arbitrary primers. PCR products from RAPD were electrophoretically separated in agarose gels and banding profiles were visualized by ethidium bromide staining. The ability to detect genomic instability in 20 cancer tissues by each single primer ranged from 15 to 75%. DNA changes were detected by at least one primer in 19 (95%) cancer tissues. These results seem to indicate that genomic rearrangement is associated with lung carcinogenesis and that RAPD analysis is useful for the detection of genomic instability in lung cancer tissues. JF - Carcinogenesis AU - Ong, T M AU - Song, B AU - Qian, H W AU - Wu, Z L AU - Whong, W Z AD - Toxicology and Molecular Biology Branch, Health Effects Laboratory Division, National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, Morgantown, WV 26505, USA. too2@cdc.gov Y1 - 1998/01// PY - 1998 DA - January 1998 SP - 233 EP - 235 VL - 19 IS - 1 SN - 0143-3334, 0143-3334 KW - DNA Primers KW - 0 KW - DNA, Neoplasm KW - Index Medicus KW - Humans KW - DNA, Neoplasm -- genetics KW - DNA, Neoplasm -- analysis KW - Biopsy KW - Lung -- pathology KW - Carcinoma, Small Cell -- pathology KW - Polymorphism, Genetic KW - Carcinoma, Non-Small-Cell Lung -- genetics KW - Lung Neoplasms -- genetics KW - Random Amplified Polymorphic DNA Technique KW - Carcinoma, Small Cell -- genetics KW - Lung Neoplasms -- pathology KW - Carcinoma, Non-Small-Cell Lung -- pathology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/79686642?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Carcinogenesis&rft.atitle=Detection+of+genomic+instability+in+lung+cancer+tissues+by+random+amplified+polymorphic+DNA+analysis.&rft.au=Ong%2C+T+M%3BSong%2C+B%3BQian%2C+H+W%3BWu%2C+Z+L%3BWhong%2C+W+Z&rft.aulast=Ong&rft.aufirst=T&rft.date=1998-01-01&rft.volume=19&rft.issue=1&rft.spage=233&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Carcinogenesis&rft.issn=01433334&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1998-02-27 N1 - Date created - 1998-02-27 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Serum levels of several organochlorine pesticides in farmers correspond with dietary exposure and local use history. AN - 79680148; 9460180 AB - In response to reported increased cancer risks among farmers, the Agricultural Health Study (AHS) was designed to examine health outcomes and environmental exposures among farm families in the United States. In the pilot phase of the AHS, food, beverage, air, dermal, dust, surface wipe, and biological specimens (blood and urine) were collected and analyzed for six farm families in two states (IA and NC). In addition, questionnaires were administered to examine previous pesticide use. This paper reports the organochlorine pesticide results of the serum and dietary analyses as well as questionnaire results from the pilot exposure study of farmers and their families. Note, no organochlorine pesticides were reported as currently being applied to the study farms. In all human serum samples examined, typical U.S. population levels were found for the majority of the pesticides. In addition, human serum levels of organochlorine pesticides showed no significant daily or seasonal variation. However, serum trans-nonachlor levels were found to be higher in people living on the two farms in North Carolina than in people living on the four farms in Iowa (p < 0.05). Further, unusually high dieldrin levels were found in serum samples from a farmer and spouse living on an Iowa farm, and these levels were significantly higher than those of people living on the other farms (p < 0.05). Dieldrin was persistent in the foods consumed on the same Iowa farm where family members showed elevated serum levels. In addition, dietary samples from the North Carolina farms exhibited high levels of chlordane. No organochlorine pesticides were found in any of the drinking water samples. Dietary dieldrin levels on the same Iowa farm exceeded the oral reference dose (RfD) eight- to eleven-fold (50 ng/kg-day). No other pesticide exceeded the RfD. However, dietary chlordane levels at a North Carolina farm reached 17% of the RfD. Previous use of aldrin on an Iowa farm corresponded to dieldrin found in the diet and in the serum of the farmer and spouse. Previous reported use of chlordane on the North Carolina farms corresponded with measurable dietary levels of chlordance and higher serum trans-nonachlor levels than the levels in Iowa farm families. JF - Toxicology and industrial health AU - Brock, J W AU - Melnyk, L J AU - Caudill, S P AU - Needham, L L AU - Bond, A E AD - National Center for Environmental Health (NCEH), Centers for Disease Control, Atlanta, GA 30341, USA. jwb6@cdc.gov PY - 1998 SP - 275 EP - 289 VL - 14 IS - 1-2 SN - 0748-2337, 0748-2337 KW - Hydrocarbons, Chlorinated KW - 0 KW - Insecticides KW - Index Medicus KW - Agriculture KW - Humans KW - North Carolina KW - Health Surveys KW - Adult KW - Pilot Projects KW - Diet KW - Iowa KW - Male KW - Female KW - Occupational Exposure KW - Food Contamination KW - Environmental Exposure KW - Insecticides -- pharmacokinetics KW - Insecticides -- blood UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/79680148?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Toxicology+and+industrial+health&rft.atitle=Serum+levels+of+several+organochlorine+pesticides+in+farmers+correspond+with+dietary+exposure+and+local+use+history.&rft.au=Brock%2C+J+W%3BMelnyk%2C+L+J%3BCaudill%2C+S+P%3BNeedham%2C+L+L%3BBond%2C+A+E&rft.aulast=Brock&rft.aufirst=J&rft.date=1998-01-01&rft.volume=14&rft.issue=1-2&rft.spage=275&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Toxicology+and+industrial+health&rft.issn=07482337&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1998-03-04 N1 - Date created - 1998-03-04 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Cell wall preparations from environmental yeasts: effect on alveolar macrophage function in vitro. AN - 79631268; 9852493 AB - Organic dust toxic syndrome (ODTS) is associated with inhalation of high concentrations of organic materials and is a noninfectious illness characterized by fever, malaise, myalgia, and neutrophilic inflammation of the lower respiratory tract. Studies in our laboratory of fungi in fresh lumber have demonstrated that yeasts may predominate and have raised the issue of potential exposure of sawmill workers to yeasts. Zymosan, a cell wall preparation from Saccharomyces cerevisiae, is a potent stimulator of alveolar macrophages (AM). In the present study, preparations from the cell walls of Pichia fabianii, Candida sake, Trichosporon capitatum, Rhodotorula glutinis, and Cryptococcus laurentii were compared with zymosan and beta-1,3-glucan for their ability to stimulate AM and activate complement. All species activated complement. P. fabianii, C. sake, T. capitatum, R. glutinis, C. laurentii, as well as zymosan and glucan, stimulated superoxide anion and leukotriene B4 production in a dose-dependent fashion, but R. glutinis and C. laurentii were much less active. Zymosan, glucan, P. fabianii, and R. glutinis treatment of AM resulted in increased phagocytosis of labeled sheep RBCs, whereas there was no effect with C. sake or C. laurentii and T. capitatum significantly inhibiting phagocytosis. These results suggest that exposure to high concentrations of yeast could provoke pulmonary inflammation resulting in an episode of ODTS. JF - Annals of agricultural and environmental medicine : AAEM AU - Sorenson, W G AU - Shahan, T A AU - Simpson, J AD - Division of Respiratory Disease Studies, National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, NIOSH/DRDS, 1095 Willowdale Road, Morgantown, WV 26505, USA. WGS1@CDC.GOV Y1 - 1998 PY - 1998 DA - 1998 SP - 65 EP - 71 VL - 5 IS - 1 SN - 1232-1966, 1232-1966 KW - Dust KW - 0 KW - Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha KW - Superoxides KW - 11062-77-4 KW - Leukotriene B4 KW - 1HGW4DR56D KW - Zymosan KW - 9010-72-4 KW - Index Medicus KW - Animals KW - Leukotriene B4 -- metabolism KW - Dose-Response Relationship, Drug KW - Sheep KW - Lung -- pathology KW - Rats KW - Rats, Sprague-Dawley KW - Superoxides -- metabolism KW - Syndrome KW - Lung -- drug effects KW - Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha -- metabolism KW - Phagocytosis KW - Yeasts KW - Zymosan -- pharmacology KW - Agricultural Workers' Diseases -- physiopathology KW - Pneumonia -- physiopathology KW - Macrophages, Alveolar -- drug effects KW - Macrophages, Alveolar -- pathology KW - Macrophages, Alveolar -- immunology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/79631268?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Annals+of+agricultural+and+environmental+medicine+%3A+AAEM&rft.atitle=Cell+wall+preparations+from+environmental+yeasts%3A+effect+on+alveolar+macrophage+function+in+vitro.&rft.au=Sorenson%2C+W+G%3BShahan%2C+T+A%3BSimpson%2C+J&rft.aulast=Sorenson&rft.aufirst=W&rft.date=1998-01-01&rft.volume=5&rft.issue=1&rft.spage=65&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Annals+of+agricultural+and+environmental+medicine+%3A+AAEM&rft.issn=12321966&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 2005-09-01 N1 - Date created - 2001-01-26 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Impact of the Tobacco Price Support Program on tobacco control in the United States. AN - 70000508; 9789937 AB - To evaluate the impact of the United States Tobacco Price Support Program (TPSP) on domestic cigarette consumption and the potential political impact of the TPSP on efforts to reduce smoking. Published studies known to the authors and a search of AGRICOLA from 1980 to 1996. Studies published in a refereed journal or research reports published by an accredited university or institution. The TPSP decreases cigarette use by increasing the price of cigarettes. The price increase resulting from the TPSP, however, is small--about one cent per pack. The resulting decrease in cigarette consumption is also very modest--an estimated 0.23%. However, the TPSP creates tobacco quota owners, who have a strong financial interest in opposing measures to reduce smoking. The TPSP also changes the political influence of tobacco farmers by keeping a large number of small farmers in tobacco production. The negative impact of the TPSP (opposition to tobacco control measures) is probably greater than the positive impact of the programme (reducing smoking). Therefore, the net impact of the TPSP on tobacco control efforts is likely to be negative. JF - Tobacco control AU - Zhang, P AU - Husten, C AD - Division of Adult and Community Health, US Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia 30341, USA. PAZ2@cdc.gov Y1 - 1998 PY - 1998 DA - 1998 SP - 176 EP - 182 VL - 7 IS - 2 SN - 0964-4563, 0964-4563 KW - Index Medicus KW - United States KW - Humans KW - Marketing of Health Services KW - Plants, Toxic KW - Smoking Cessation KW - Tobacco KW - Commerce KW - Smoking -- prevention & control KW - Smoking -- economics KW - Health Promotion UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/70000508?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Tobacco+control&rft.atitle=Impact+of+the+Tobacco+Price+Support+Program+on+tobacco+control+in+the+United+States.&rft.au=Zhang%2C+P%3BHusten%2C+C&rft.aulast=Zhang&rft.aufirst=P&rft.date=1998-01-01&rft.volume=7&rft.issue=2&rft.spage=176&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Tobacco+control&rft.issn=09644563&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1999-02-26 N1 - Date created - 1999-02-26 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - SuppNotes - Cited By: J Health Econ. 1996 Aug;15(4):499-512 [10164041] J Natl Cancer Inst. 1988 Mar 16;80(2):81-3 [3343690] N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Workers' health in Israel. AN - 69203091; 10327832 AB - Occupational hazards are important causes of morbidity, mortality, and disability in the community. This article presents a review of workers' health in Israel. Data were collated from the Occupational Health Institute of the University of Tel Aviv, the National Insurance Institute, the Occupational Health Departments of the General Sick Fund, and the Institute of Safety and Hygiene of the Ministry of Labor and Welfare. International comparisons are based on data derived from the WHO Health for All database for the European region. Levels of most biological and chemical exposures in 1996 were found to be in accordance with the standards, except for dust, gases, pesticides, and noise exposure. In 1996, 4.3% of the working population received injury compensation from the National Insurance Institute. 78% of workers' claims approved in 1992-1994 were for injuries to the back and spine. 93% of new cases of occupational diseases and injuries reported in 1996 by the occupational health service of the largest Health Fund were due to noise-induced hearing impairments. In 1996, there were 87 reported deaths following work accidents; about 50% of them were falls that occurred in the construction industry, and 26% of fatalities were among foreign workers. Rates of work accidents, average days of incapacity per accident, and fatalities have been increasing since 1991. Rates of occupational accidents and of occupational fatalities are higher than the European Community average. Rates of occupational diseases and of injury compensation among workers are increasing, despite the efforts and resources invested in the prevention of work accidents and the promotion of workers' health. These findings indicate the necessity for further research and efforts toward the prevention of injuries and the promotion of occupational health in Israel. JF - Public health reviews AU - Koton, S AU - Ifrah, A AU - Lerman, Y AU - Ribak, J AU - Green, M S AD - Israel Center for Disease Control, Ministry of Health, Tel Hashomer, Israel. Y1 - 1998 PY - 1998 DA - 1998 SP - 189 EP - 203 VL - 26 IS - 2 SN - 0301-0422, 0301-0422 KW - Index Medicus KW - Occupational Health -- legislation & jurisprudence KW - Occupational Exposure KW - Israel -- epidemiology KW - Risk Factors KW - Humans KW - Workers' Compensation -- statistics & numerical data KW - Wounds and Injuries -- epidemiology KW - Occupational Diseases -- epidemiology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/69203091?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Public+health+reviews&rft.atitle=Workers%27+health+in+Israel.&rft.au=Koton%2C+S%3BIfrah%2C+A%3BLerman%2C+Y%3BRibak%2C+J%3BGreen%2C+M+S&rft.aulast=Koton&rft.aufirst=S&rft.date=1998-01-01&rft.volume=26&rft.issue=2&rft.spage=189&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Public+health+reviews&rft.issn=03010422&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1999-07-22 N1 - Date created - 1999-07-22 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - SuppNotes - Erratum In: Public Health Rev 1998;26(3):309 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Review of the evidence for an association between infant feeding and childhood cancer. AN - 69120710; 9876474 AB - To assess the association between infant feeding and childhood cancer, a qualitative review of 9 published case-control studies was undertaken. The results of this synthesis suggest that children who are never breast-fed or are breast-fed short-term have a higher risk than those breast-fed for > or = 6 months of developing Hodgkin's disease (HD), but not non-Hodgkin's lymphoma or acute lymphoblastic leukemia. HD has features of a complex cellular immune disorder and of chronic infection. Human milk contains an extensive array of anti-microbial activity and appears to stimulate early development of the infant immune system. Artificially fed infants negotiate exposure to infectious agents without the benefits of this immunologic armament and do not do as well as breast-fed infants in resisting infection. Thus, human milk may make the breast-fed infant better able to negotiate future carcinogenic insults by modulating the interaction between infectious agents and the developing infant immune system or by directly affecting the long-term development of the infant immune system. Further research should attempt to confirm the association between infant feeding and HD in large, population-based, case-control studies. Improved measurement of infant feeding must be addressed if future studies are to advance our understanding of this association. In addition, studies of specific measures of immunity, particularly of cellular immune responses, should be conducted in populations of breast-fed and non-breast-fed young children. JF - International journal of cancer. Supplement = Journal international du cancer. Supplement AU - Davis, M K AD - Division of Adolescent and School Health, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA 30341, USA. mkdl@cdc.gov Y1 - 1998 PY - 1998 DA - 1998 SP - 29 EP - 33 VL - 11 SN - 0898-6924, 0898-6924 KW - Index Medicus KW - Milk, Human -- physiology KW - Risk Factors KW - Humans KW - Case-Control Studies KW - Child KW - Time Factors KW - Research Design KW - Hodgkin Disease -- etiology KW - Bottle Feeding -- adverse effects KW - Breast Feeding KW - Neoplasms -- etiology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/69120710?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=International+journal+of+cancer.+Supplement+%3D+Journal+international+du+cancer.+Supplement&rft.atitle=Review+of+the+evidence+for+an+association+between+infant+feeding+and+childhood+cancer.&rft.au=Davis%2C+M+K&rft.aulast=Davis&rft.aufirst=M&rft.date=1998-01-01&rft.volume=11&rft.issue=&rft.spage=29&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=International+journal+of+cancer.+Supplement+%3D+Journal+international+du+cancer.+Supplement&rft.issn=08986924&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1999-01-14 N1 - Date created - 1999-01-14 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - CPAPER T1 - Using the Internet to Improve Mortality Data and to Increase Data Availability T2 - American Sociological Association AN - 61772931; 98S37046 AB - Examines the effect of using the Internet to improve the quality of national mortality data & enhance data accessibility. Mortality-related Web pages (http://www.cdc.gov/nchswww/about/major/dvs/mortdata.htm & http://www.cdc.gov/nchswww/about/major/nmfs/nmfs.htm) augment mechanisms already in place for maintaining data programs on vital statistics & survey data. Presented are the background & goals for pages that include material relevant for data collection, processing, & distribution. Quality improvement is addressed by exploring (1) ongoing discussions of coding issues & (2) benefits of software distribution through the Internet; implications for mortality data comparability are discussed. With respect to improving data availability, use of survey- & vital-statistics-related mortality information on the Web site is probed. The Web pages immediately provide an additional place for users to find mortality data, while the material relevant to data collection & processing will take time to affect data quality. JF - American Sociological Association AU - Hoyert, Donna L AU - Washington, Linda R AU - Stewart-Prather, Tammy AU - Scott, Chester Y1 - 1998///0, PY - 1998 DA - 0, 1998 KW - Information Technology KW - Mortality Rates KW - Computer Assisted Research KW - Data Collection KW - Data Banks KW - Data Quality KW - proceeding KW - 1837: demography and human biology; demography (population studies) KW - 0188: methodology and research technology; computer methods, media, & applications UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/61772931?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Asocabs&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=conference&rft.jtitle=American+Sociological+Association&rft.atitle=Using+the+Internet+to+Improve+Mortality+Data+and+to+Increase+Data+Availability&rft.au=Hoyert%2C+Donna+L%3BWashington%2C+Linda+R%3BStewart-Prather%2C+Tammy%3BScott%2C+Chester&rft.aulast=Hoyert&rft.aufirst=Donna&rft.date=1998-01-01&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=American+Sociological+Association&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - Sociological Abstracts N1 - Date revised - 2009-03-10 N1 - Publication note - 1998 N1 - Last updated - 2016-09-28 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Bacterial symbiosis in arthropods and the control of disease transmission. AN - 20664114; 9420964 AB - Bacterial symbionts may be used as vehicles for expressing foreign genes in arthropods. Expression of selected genes can render an arthropod incapable of transmitting a second microorganism that is pathogenic for humans and is an alternative approach to the control of arthropod-borne diseases. We discuss the rationale for this alternative approach, its potential applications and limitations, and the regulatory concerns that may arise from its use in interrupting disease transmission in humans and animals. JF - Emerging Infectious Diseases AU - Beard, C B AU - Durvasula, R V AU - Richards, F F AD - Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia 30333, USA., cbb0@cdc.gov Y1 - 1998 PY - 1998 DA - 1998 SP - 581 EP - 591 PB - U.S. National Center for Infectious Diseases, 1600 Clifton Rd VL - 4 IS - 4 SN - 1080-6040, 1080-6040 KW - Microbiology Abstracts A: Industrial & Applied Microbiology; Microbiology Abstracts B: Bacteriology KW - Bacteria KW - Arthropoda KW - Symbionts KW - Symbiosis KW - Microorganisms KW - Disease transmission KW - A 01490:Miscellaneous KW - J 02400:Human Diseases UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/20664114?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologyb&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Emerging+Infectious+Diseases&rft.atitle=Bacterial+symbiosis+in+arthropods+and+the+control+of+disease+transmission.&rft.au=Beard%2C+C+B%3BDurvasula%2C+R+V%3BRichards%2C+F+F&rft.aulast=Beard&rft.aufirst=C&rft.date=1998-01-01&rft.volume=4&rft.issue=4&rft.spage=581&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Emerging+Infectious+Diseases&rft.issn=10806040&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2009-06-01 N1 - Last updated - 2015-03-30 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Symbiosis; Symbionts; Microorganisms; Disease transmission; Bacteria; Arthropoda ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Ecologic studies of rodent reservoirs: their relevance for human health. AN - 20661819; 9420944 AB - Within the past few years, the number of "new" human diseases associated with small-mammal reservoirs has increased dramatically, stimulating renewed interest in reservoir ecology research. A consistent, integrative approach to such research allows direct comparisons between studies, contributes to the efficient use of resources and data, and increases investigator safety. We outline steps directed toward understanding vertebrate host ecology as it relates to human disease and illustrate the relevance of each step by using examples from studies of hosts associated with rodent-borne hemorrhagic fever viruses. JF - Emerging Infectious Diseases AU - Mills, J N AU - Childs, JE AD - Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia 30333, USA., jum0@cdc.gov Y1 - 1998 PY - 1998 DA - 1998 SP - 529 EP - 537 PB - U.S. National Center for Infectious Diseases, 1600 Clifton Rd VL - 4 IS - 4 SN - 1080-6040, 1080-6040 KW - Virology & AIDS Abstracts; Risk Abstracts KW - Ecology KW - Data processing KW - Viruses KW - Hemorrhagic fever KW - Reservoirs KW - rodents KW - R2 23060:Medical and environmental health KW - V 22400:Human Diseases UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/20661819?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Ariskabstracts&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Emerging+Infectious+Diseases&rft.atitle=Ecologic+studies+of+rodent+reservoirs%3A+their+relevance+for+human+health.&rft.au=Mills%2C+J+N%3BChilds%2C+JE&rft.aulast=Mills&rft.aufirst=J&rft.date=1998-01-01&rft.volume=4&rft.issue=4&rft.spage=529&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Emerging+Infectious+Diseases&rft.issn=10806040&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2009-06-01 N1 - Last updated - 2015-03-30 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Data processing; Hemorrhagic fever; Ecology; Viruses; Reservoirs; rodents ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Introduction of HIV-2 and multiple HIV-1 subtypes to Lebanon. AN - 20660488; 9420949 AB - HIV genetic variability, phylogenetic relationships, and transmission dynamics were analyzed in 26 HIV-infected patients from Lebanon. Twenty-five specimens were identified as HIV-1 and one as HIV-2 subtype B. The 25 strains were classified into six env-C2-V3 HIV-1 subtypes: B (n = 10), A (n = 11), C (n = 1), D (n = 1), G (n = 1), and unclassifiable. Potential recombinants combining parts of viral regions from different subtypes Aenv/Dpol/Agag, Genv/Apol, and the unclassifiable-subtype(env)/unclassifiable-subtype(pol)/Agag were found in three patients. Epidemiologic analysis of travel histories and behavioral risks indicated that HIV-1 and HIV-2 subtypes reflected HIV strains prevalent in countries visited by patients or their sex partners. Spread of complex HIV-subtype distribution patterns to regions where HIV is not endemic may be more common than previously thought. Blood screening for both HIV-1 and HIV-2 in Lebanon is recommended to protect the blood supply. HIV subtype data provide information for vaccine development. JF - Emerging Infectious Diseases AU - Pieniazek, D AU - Baggs, J AU - Hu, D J AU - Matar, G M AU - Abdelnoor, AM AU - Mokhbat, JE AU - Uwaydah, M AU - Bizri, A R AU - Ramos, A AU - Janini, L M AU - Tanuri, A AU - Fridlund, C AU - Schable, C AU - Heyndrickx, L AU - Rayfield, MA AU - Heneine, W AD - HIV/Retrovirus Diseases Branch, Division of AIDS, STD, and TB Laboratory Research, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia 30333, USA., dxp1@cdc.gov Y1 - 1998 PY - 1998 DA - 1998 SP - 649 EP - 656 PB - U.S. National Center for Infectious Diseases, 1600 Clifton Rd VL - 4 IS - 4 SN - 1080-6040, 1080-6040 KW - Virology & AIDS Abstracts; Risk Abstracts KW - Phylogeny KW - Travel KW - Historical account KW - vaccines KW - Data processing KW - Lebanon KW - Recombinants KW - Blood KW - Human immunodeficiency virus KW - Human immunodeficiency virus 1 KW - Human immunodeficiency virus 2 KW - Vaccines KW - Sex KW - V 22360:AIDS and HIV KW - R2 23060:Medical and environmental health UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/20660488?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Ariskabstracts&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Emerging+Infectious+Diseases&rft.atitle=Introduction+of+HIV-2+and+multiple+HIV-1+subtypes+to+Lebanon.&rft.au=Pieniazek%2C+D%3BBaggs%2C+J%3BHu%2C+D+J%3BMatar%2C+G+M%3BAbdelnoor%2C+AM%3BMokhbat%2C+JE%3BUwaydah%2C+M%3BBizri%2C+A+R%3BRamos%2C+A%3BJanini%2C+L+M%3BTanuri%2C+A%3BFridlund%2C+C%3BSchable%2C+C%3BHeyndrickx%2C+L%3BRayfield%2C+MA%3BHeneine%2C+W&rft.aulast=Pieniazek&rft.aufirst=D&rft.date=1998-01-01&rft.volume=4&rft.issue=4&rft.spage=649&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Emerging+Infectious+Diseases&rft.issn=10806040&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2009-06-01 N1 - Last updated - 2015-03-30 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Recombinants; Travel; Phylogeny; Blood; Data processing; Vaccines; Sex; Historical account; vaccines; Human immunodeficiency virus; Human immunodeficiency virus 1; Human immunodeficiency virus 2; Lebanon ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Diphtheria in the former Soviet Union: reemergence of a pandemic disease. AN - 20660456; 9420935 AB - The massive reemergence of diphtheria in the Newly Independent States of the former Soviet Union marked the first large-scale diphtheria epidemic in industrialized countries in 3 decades. Factors contributing to the epidemic included a large population of susceptible adults; decreased childhood immunization, which compromised what had been a well-established childhood vaccination program; suboptimal socioeconomic conditions; and high population movement. The role of a change in the predominant circulating strains of Corynebacterium diphtheriae in this epidemic remains uncertain. Massive, well-coordinated international assistance and unprecedented efforts to vaccinate adults were needed to control the epidemic. JF - Emerging Infectious Diseases AU - Vitek, C R AU - Wharton, M AD - Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia 30333, USA., cxv3@cdc.gov Y1 - 1998 PY - 1998 DA - 1998 SP - 539 EP - 550 PB - U.S. National Center for Infectious Diseases, 1600 Clifton Rd VL - 4 IS - 4 SN - 1080-6040, 1080-6040 KW - Microbiology Abstracts B: Bacteriology KW - Socio-economic aspects KW - pandemics KW - Epidemics KW - Corynebacterium diphtheriae KW - Diphtheria KW - Children KW - Vaccination KW - J 02350:Immunology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/20660456?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologyb&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Emerging+Infectious+Diseases&rft.atitle=Diphtheria+in+the+former+Soviet+Union%3A+reemergence+of+a+pandemic+disease.&rft.au=Vitek%2C+C+R%3BWharton%2C+M&rft.aulast=Vitek&rft.aufirst=C&rft.date=1998-01-01&rft.volume=4&rft.issue=4&rft.spage=539&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Emerging+Infectious+Diseases&rft.issn=10806040&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2009-06-01 N1 - Last updated - 2015-03-30 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Socio-economic aspects; pandemics; Epidemics; Diphtheria; Children; Vaccination; Corynebacterium diphtheriae ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Two new Rahnella genomospecies that cannot be phenotypically differentiated from Rahnella aquatilis AN - 17433436; 4652375 AB - Fifty-one Rahnella aquatilis and R. aquatilis-like strains from water, snails and human sources were characterized by routine biochemical tests, carbon source utilization tests, DNA relatedness (hydroxyapatite method) and 16S rRNA sequencing. The results of the genetic methods indicated that the strains comprised three closely related species within the genus Rahnella. It was not possible to differentiate R. aquatilis from the two newly recognized species. The new species were therefore given the vernacular names Rahnella genomospecies 2 and Rahnella genomospecies 3. JF - International Journal of Systematic Bacteriology AU - Brenner, D J AU - Muller, HE AU - Steigerwalt, A G AU - Whitney, A M AU - O'Hara, C M AU - Kampfer, P AD - Meningitis and Special Pathogens Branch, National Center for Infectious Diseases, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA 30333, USA, djb3@cdc.gov Y1 - 1998/01// PY - 1998 DA - Jan 1998 SP - 141 EP - 149 VL - 48 IS - 1 SN - 0020-7713, 0020-7713 KW - new species KW - Microbiology Abstracts B: Bacteriology KW - Nucleotide sequence KW - Rahnella aquatilis KW - Taxonomy KW - Rahnella KW - J 02710:Identification, taxonomy and typing UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/17433436?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologyb&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=International+Journal+of+Systematic+Bacteriology&rft.atitle=Two+new+Rahnella+genomospecies+that+cannot+be+phenotypically+differentiated+from+Rahnella+aquatilis&rft.au=Brenner%2C+D+J%3BMuller%2C+HE%3BSteigerwalt%2C+A+G%3BWhitney%2C+A+M%3BO%27Hara%2C+C+M%3BKampfer%2C+P&rft.aulast=Brenner&rft.aufirst=D&rft.date=1998-01-01&rft.volume=48&rft.issue=1&rft.spage=141&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=International+Journal+of+Systematic+Bacteriology&rft.issn=00207713&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Rahnella; Rahnella aquatilis; Nucleotide sequence; Taxonomy ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Preneoplastic Potential of Morphologically Distinct Transformed Foci Induced by 3-Methylcholanthrene AN - 17197721; 4486365 AB - Individual variability of scoring foci positive for transformation presents a difficult problem in assessing the transformation assay. In this study, an attempt was made to identify five morphologically distinct types of transformed foci based on size (2-3, 3-4, and greater than or equal to 4 mm in diameter), invasiveness (smooth vs. invading margins), and other properties (piling vs. spread) induced by 3-methylcholanthrene in Balb/c-3T3 cells. The transformed focal cells were used in in vitro studies including anchorage-independent analysis, focal reconstruction, gene transfection using NIH-3T3 host cells, and Southern blotting to assess amplification of five proto-oncogenes (K-ras, H-ras, c-fos, c-jun, c-myc) and a tumor suppressor (p53) gene. Results showed that 1) there was a significant increase in anchorage-independent growth of all five types of foci ranging from 7-12%; 2) all five morphological types of transformed foci showed 8-15% focal reconstruction; 3) DNA from all five types of transformed foci induced transformation in NIH-3T3 cells at a level significantly above the control DNA; 4) gene amplification studies indicated amplification in both K-ras and H-ras proto-oncogenes; however, c-fos, c-jun, and c-myc did not show DNA amplification. The tumor suppressor gene (p53) was activated and the increase was up to 3-fold over the normal Balb/c-3T3 DNA. These findings are consistent with our hypothesis that all five morphologically different foci have preneoplastic potential and that any foci of size greater than or equal to 2 mm regardless of invasiveness and piling should be scored as positive during the transformation assay. JF - Environmental and Molecular Mutagenesis AU - Keshava, N AU - Keshava, C AU - Whong, W-Z AU - Hubbs, A F AU - Nath, J AU - Ong, T AD - Toxicology and Molecular Biology Branch, HELD, NIOSH, m/s 3014, 1095 Willowdale Road, Morgantown, WV 26505-2888, USA, too2@cdc.gov Y1 - 1998 PY - 1998 DA - 1998 SP - 369 EP - 376 VL - 32 IS - 4 SN - 8093-6692, 8093-6692 KW - 3-Methylcholanthrene KW - BALB/c-3T3 cells KW - H-ras gene KW - K-ras gene KW - c-fos gene KW - c-jun gene KW - c-myc gene KW - mice KW - p53 gene KW - Toxicology Abstracts; Genetics Abstracts KW - Transformation KW - Oncogenes KW - Neoplasia KW - X 24190:Polycyclic hydrocarbons KW - G 07221:Specific chemicals UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/17197721?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxicologyabstracts&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Environmental+and+Molecular+Mutagenesis&rft.atitle=Preneoplastic+Potential+of+Morphologically+Distinct+Transformed+Foci+Induced+by+3-Methylcholanthrene&rft.au=Keshava%2C+N%3BKeshava%2C+C%3BWhong%2C+W-Z%3BHubbs%2C+A+F%3BNath%2C+J%3BOng%2C+T&rft.aulast=Keshava&rft.aufirst=N&rft.date=1998-01-01&rft.volume=32&rft.issue=4&rft.spage=369&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Environmental+and+Molecular+Mutagenesis&rft.issn=80936692&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Oncogenes; Neoplasia; Transformation; 3-Methylcholanthrene ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Epidemiology and prevention of helicopter external load accidents AN - 16459234; 4352190 AB - From 1980 through 1995, there were 230 helicopter external load accidents resulting in 57 fatalities and 74 serious nonfatal injuries in the United States investigated by the National Transportation Safety Board (NTSB). Helicopter external load operations, such as helicopter logging, place unique demands on the aircraft helicopters and the pilots who fly them. A descriptive analysis of NTSB "accident briefs" indicates that mechanical failure, pilot error, and maintenance errors were cited as the most common probable causes of the accidents. Recent experience in Alaska has shown that by adhering to existing regulations and manufacturer recommendations, and by implementing improved training and frequent maintenance, helicopter external load operations are safer with fewer accidents, crashes, and injuries. JF - Journal of Safety Research AU - Manwaring, J C AU - Conway, G A AU - Garrett, L C AD - NIOSH, Alaska Field Station, 4230 University Drive, Suite 310, Anchorage, AK 99508-4626, USA, 100 million immunized children, but its current administration schedule of two doses given a year apart does not lend itself to inclusion in established Expanded Program of Immunization (EPI) schedules of childhood immunization. Immune responses to immunization at shorter intervals were compared in middle-school-aged children immunized with two doses separated by 1 month (n = 116) or 2.5 months (n = 115). Two vaccine lots were compared. Seroconversion to the vaccine was observed in 100% of vaccinees immunized in the 1-month schedule and in 94% (lot 2) and 100% (lot 1) of vaccinees immunized in the 2.5-month schedule. Geometric mean titers were almost 2-fold higher with the longer schedule. The routine administration of JE SA14-14-2 vaccine to infants in an EPI schedule should be possible using either interval. JF - Journal of Infectious Diseases AU - Tsai, T S AU - Yong-Xin, Yu AU - Li, Jia Li AU - Putvatana, R AU - Ran, Z AU - Shougui, W AU - Halstead, S B AD - Div. Vector-Borne Infect Dis., CDC Foothills Campus, Sci. 2087, Fort Collins, CO, USA Y1 - 1998/01// PY - 1998 DA - Jan 1998 SP - 221 EP - 223 VL - 177 IS - 1 SN - 0022-1899, 0022-1899 KW - Japanese encephalitis KW - children KW - immune response (humoral) KW - immunogenicity KW - neutralization KW - vaccines KW - Immunology Abstracts; Microbiology Abstracts A: Industrial & Applied Microbiology; Virology & AIDS Abstracts KW - F 06807:Active immunization KW - V 22097:Immunization: Vaccines & vaccination: Human KW - A 01097:Viruses UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16287228?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologya&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Infectious+Diseases&rft.atitle=Immunogenicity+of+live+attenuated+SA14-14-2+Japanese+encephalitis+vaccine+a+comparison+of+1-+and+3-month+immunization+schedules&rft.au=Tsai%2C+T+S%3BYong-Xin%2C+Yu%3BLi%2C+Jia+Li%3BPutvatana%2C+R%3BRan%2C+Z%3BShougui%2C+W%3BHalstead%2C+S+B&rft.aulast=Tsai&rft.aufirst=T&rft.date=1998-01-01&rft.volume=177&rft.issue=1&rft.spage=221&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+Infectious+Diseases&rft.issn=00221899&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Ebola takes a punch AN - 16268643; 4261273 AB - Genetic immunization against Ebola virus in a guinea pig model advances our understanding of the immune response in this disease. JF - Nature Medicine AU - Folks, T AD - Retroviruses Diseases Branch, Center for Diseases Control, Atlanta, GA 30333, USA, tmf2@cdc.gov Y1 - 1998/01// PY - 1998 DA - Jan 1998 SP - 16 EP - 17 VL - 4 IS - 1 SN - 1078-8956, 1078-8956 KW - DNA vaccines KW - Ebola virus KW - guinea pigs KW - Biotechnology and Bioengineering Abstracts; Virology & AIDS Abstracts; Medical and Pharmaceutical Biotechnology Abstracts; Immunology Abstracts KW - F 06807:Active immunization KW - V 22098:Immunization: Vaccines & vaccination: Animal KW - W3 33345:DNA vaccines KW - W 30965:Miscellaneous, Reviews UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16268643?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Abiotechresearch&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Nature+Medicine&rft.atitle=Ebola+takes+a+punch&rft.au=Folks%2C+T&rft.aulast=Folks&rft.aufirst=T&rft.date=1998-01-01&rft.volume=4&rft.issue=1&rft.spage=16&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Nature+Medicine&rft.issn=10788956&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 ER -