TY - JOUR T1 - Guidelines for identifying and referring persons with fetal alcohol syndrome. AN - 68740528; 16251866 AB - Fetal alcohol syndrome (FAS) results from maternal alcohol use during pregnancy and carries lifelong consequences. Early recognition of FAS can result in better outcomes for persons who receive a diagnosis. Although FAS was first identified in 1973, persons with this condition often do not receive a diagnosis. In 2002, Congress directed CDC to update and refine diagnostic and referral criteria for FAS, incorporating recent scientific and clinical evidence. In 2002, CDC convened a scientific working group (SWG) of persons with expertise in FAS research, diagnosis, and treatment to draft criteria for diagnosing FAS. This report summarizes the diagnostic guidelines drafted by the SWG, provides recommendations for when and how to refer a person suspected of having problems related to prenatal alcohol exposure, and assesses existing practices for creating supportive environments that might prevent long-term adverse consequences associated with FAS. The guidelines were created on the basis of a review of scientific evidence, clinical expertise, and the experiences of families affected by FAS regarding the physical and neuropsychologic features of FAS and the medical, educational, and social services needed by persons with FAS and their families. The guidelines are intended to facilitate early identification of persons affected by prenatal exposure to alcohol so they and their families can receive services that enable them to achieve healthy lives and reach their full potential. This report also includes recommendations to enhance identification of and intervention for women at risk for alcohol-exposed pregnancies. Additional data are needed to develop diagnostic criteria for other related disorders (e.g., alcohol-related neurodevelopmental disorder). JF - MMWR. Recommendations and reports : Morbidity and mortality weekly report. Recommendations and reports AU - Bertrand, Jacquelyn AU - Floyd, Louise L AU - Weber, Mary Kate AU - Fetal Alcohol Syndrome Prevention Team, Division of Birth Defects and Developmental Disabilities, National Center on Birth Defects and Developmental Disabilities, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) AD - National Center on Birth Defects and Developmental Disabilities, 1600 Clifton Road NE, MS E-86, Atlanta, GA 30333, USA. jbertrand@cdc.gov. ; Fetal Alcohol Syndrome Prevention Team, Division of Birth Defects and Developmental Disabilities, National Center on Birth Defects and Developmental Disabilities, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) Y1 - 2005/10/28/ PY - 2005 DA - 2005 Oct 28 SP - 1 EP - 14 VL - 54 KW - Index Medicus KW - Diagnosis, Differential KW - Humans KW - Referral and Consultation KW - Child KW - Needs Assessment KW - Alcohol Drinking KW - Pregnancy, High-Risk KW - Pregnancy KW - Child, Preschool KW - Infant KW - Central Nervous System -- physiopathology KW - Adult KW - Central Nervous System -- abnormalities KW - Neuropsychological Tests KW - Adolescent KW - United States -- epidemiology KW - Male KW - Female KW - Prevalence KW - Continuity of Patient Care KW - Fetal Alcohol Spectrum Disorders -- prevention & control KW - Fetal Alcohol Spectrum Disorders -- physiopathology KW - Fetal Alcohol Spectrum Disorders -- epidemiology KW - Fetal Alcohol Spectrum Disorders -- diagnosis UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/68740528?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=MMWR.+Recommendations+and+reports+%3A+Morbidity+and+mortality+weekly+report.+Recommendations+and+reports&rft.atitle=Guidelines+for+identifying+and+referring+persons+with+fetal+alcohol+syndrome.&rft.au=Bertrand%2C+Jacquelyn%3BFloyd%2C+Louise+L%3BWeber%2C+Mary+Kate%3BFetal+Alcohol+Syndrome+Prevention+Team%2C+Division+of+Birth+Defects+and+Developmental+Disabilities%2C+National+Center+on+Birth+Defects+and+Developmental+Disabilities%2C+Centers+for+Disease+Control+and+Prevention+%28CDC%29&rft.aulast=Bertrand&rft.aufirst=Jacquelyn&rft.date=2005-10-28&rft.volume=54&rft.issue=&rft.spage=1&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=MMWR.+Recommendations+and+reports+%3A+Morbidity+and+mortality+weekly+report.+Recommendations+and+reports&rft.issn=1545-8601&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 2005-10-31 N1 - Date created - 2005-10-27 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - SuppNotes - Erratum In: MMWR Morb Mortal Wkly Rep. 2006 May 26;55(20):568 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - CPAPER T1 - Transport Conditions Impact DNA Yield from Buccal Cell Specimens Collected in Epidemiologic Studies. T2 - 55th Annual Meeting of the American Society of Human Genetics AN - 39764042; 4037378 JF - 55th Annual Meeting of the American Society of Human Genetics AU - Gallagher, M AU - Sturchio, C AU - Honein, M Y1 - 2005/10/25/ PY - 2005 DA - 2005 Oct 25 KW - DNA KW - U 2000:Biological Sciences UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/39764042?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Acpi&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=conference&rft.jtitle=55th+Annual+Meeting+of+the+American+Society+of+Human+Genetics&rft.atitle=Transport+Conditions+Impact+DNA+Yield+from+Buccal+Cell+Specimens+Collected+in+Epidemiologic+Studies.&rft.au=Gallagher%2C+M%3BSturchio%2C+C%3BHonein%2C+M&rft.aulast=Gallagher&rft.aufirst=M&rft.date=2005-10-25&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=55th+Annual+Meeting+of+the+American+Society+of+Human+Genetics&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ L2 - http://www.ashg.org/genetics/ashg/menu-annmeet.shtml LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2008-05-21 N1 - Last updated - 2010-05-03 ER - TY - CPAPER T1 - Maternal Reports of Family History from the National Birth Defects Prevention Study, 1997-2001. T2 - 55th Annual Meeting of the American Society of Human Genetics AN - 39762406; 4037169 JF - 55th Annual Meeting of the American Society of Human Genetics AU - Fisk Green, R. AU - Olney, R AU - Reefhuis, J AU - Botto, L AU - Romitti, P Y1 - 2005/10/25/ PY - 2005 DA - 2005 Oct 25 KW - Parturition KW - Historical account KW - Defects KW - Prevention KW - Congenital defects KW - U 2000:Biological Sciences UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/39762406?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Acpi&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=conference&rft.jtitle=55th+Annual+Meeting+of+the+American+Society+of+Human+Genetics&rft.atitle=Maternal+Reports+of+Family+History+from+the+National+Birth+Defects+Prevention+Study%2C+1997-2001.&rft.au=Fisk+Green%2C+R.%3BOlney%2C+R%3BReefhuis%2C+J%3BBotto%2C+L%3BRomitti%2C+P&rft.aulast=Fisk+Green&rft.aufirst=R.&rft.date=2005-10-25&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=55th+Annual+Meeting+of+the+American+Society+of+Human+Genetics&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ L2 - http://www.ashg.org/genetics/ashg/menu-annmeet.shtml LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2008-05-21 N1 - Last updated - 2010-05-03 ER - TY - CPAPER T1 - Quantitative Analysis of the CYP2A6 Gene Deletion Using Pyrosequencing T2 - 55th Annual Meeting of the American Society of Human Genetics AN - 39756761; 4038463 JF - 55th Annual Meeting of the American Society of Human Genetics AU - Koontz, D AU - Spencer, A AU - Nikolova, S AU - Huckins, J AU - Gallagher, M Y1 - 2005/10/25/ PY - 2005 DA - 2005 Oct 25 KW - CYP2A6 gene KW - Gene deletion KW - U 2000:Biological Sciences UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/39756761?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Acpi&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=conference&rft.jtitle=55th+Annual+Meeting+of+the+American+Society+of+Human+Genetics&rft.atitle=Quantitative+Analysis+of+the+CYP2A6+Gene+Deletion+Using+Pyrosequencing&rft.au=Koontz%2C+D%3BSpencer%2C+A%3BNikolova%2C+S%3BHuckins%2C+J%3BGallagher%2C+M&rft.aulast=Koontz&rft.aufirst=D&rft.date=2005-10-25&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=55th+Annual+Meeting+of+the+American+Society+of+Human+Genetics&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ L2 - http://www.ashg.org/genetics/ashg/menu-annmeet.shtml LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2008-05-21 N1 - Last updated - 2010-05-03 ER - TY - CPAPER T1 - Demographic Factors Associated with Participation in Genetic Studies as Part of the National Birth Defects Prevention Study T2 - 55th Annual Meeting of the American Society of Human Genetics AN - 39755916; 4038427 JF - 55th Annual Meeting of the American Society of Human Genetics AU - Crider, K AU - Woomert, A AU - Reefhuis, J AU - Honein, M Y1 - 2005/10/25/ PY - 2005 DA - 2005 Oct 25 KW - Parturition KW - Defects KW - Prevention KW - Congenital defects KW - Demography KW - U 2000:Biological Sciences UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/39755916?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Acpi&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=conference&rft.jtitle=55th+Annual+Meeting+of+the+American+Society+of+Human+Genetics&rft.atitle=Demographic+Factors+Associated+with+Participation+in+Genetic+Studies+as+Part+of+the+National+Birth+Defects+Prevention+Study&rft.au=Crider%2C+K%3BWoomert%2C+A%3BReefhuis%2C+J%3BHonein%2C+M&rft.aulast=Crider&rft.aufirst=K&rft.date=2005-10-25&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=55th+Annual+Meeting+of+the+American+Society+of+Human+Genetics&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ L2 - http://www.ashg.org/genetics/ashg/menu-annmeet.shtml LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2008-05-21 N1 - Last updated - 2010-05-03 ER - TY - CPAPER T1 - The Genetic Testing Quality Control Materials Program (GTQC)- A Sustainable Community Process to Improve Availability of Appropriate, Verified Quality Control (QC) Materials for Genetic Testing. T2 - 55th Annual Meeting of the American Society of Human Genetics AN - 39700750; 4037202 JF - 55th Annual Meeting of the American Society of Human Genetics AU - Kalman, L AU - Chen, B AU - Boone, D J Y1 - 2005/10/25/ PY - 2005 DA - 2005 Oct 25 KW - Quality control KW - Sustainable development KW - U 2000:Biological Sciences UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/39700750?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Acpi&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=conference&rft.jtitle=55th+Annual+Meeting+of+the+American+Society+of+Human+Genetics&rft.atitle=The+Genetic+Testing+Quality+Control+Materials+Program+%28GTQC%29-+A+Sustainable+Community+Process+to+Improve+Availability+of+Appropriate%2C+Verified+Quality+Control+%28QC%29+Materials+for+Genetic+Testing.&rft.au=Kalman%2C+L%3BChen%2C+B%3BBoone%2C+D+J&rft.aulast=Kalman&rft.aufirst=L&rft.date=2005-10-25&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=55th+Annual+Meeting+of+the+American+Society+of+Human+Genetics&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ L2 - http://www.ashg.org/genetics/ashg/menu-annmeet.shtml LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2008-05-21 N1 - Last updated - 2010-05-03 ER - TY - CPAPER T1 - Associations with Family History of Cancer in a Population Survey T2 - 55th Annual Meeting of the American Society of Human Genetics AN - 39679647; 4036644 JF - 55th Annual Meeting of the American Society of Human Genetics AU - Scheuner, M AU - Yoon, P AU - Coughlin, S AU - McNeel, T AU - Breen, N AU - Freedman, A Y1 - 2005/10/25/ PY - 2005 DA - 2005 Oct 25 KW - Historical account KW - Cancer KW - U 2000:Biological Sciences UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/39679647?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Acpi&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=conference&rft.jtitle=55th+Annual+Meeting+of+the+American+Society+of+Human+Genetics&rft.atitle=Associations+with+Family+History+of+Cancer+in+a+Population+Survey&rft.au=Scheuner%2C+M%3BYoon%2C+P%3BCoughlin%2C+S%3BMcNeel%2C+T%3BBreen%2C+N%3BFreedman%2C+A&rft.aulast=Scheuner&rft.aufirst=M&rft.date=2005-10-25&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=55th+Annual+Meeting+of+the+American+Society+of+Human+Genetics&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ L2 - http://www.ashg.org/genetics/ashg/menu-annmeet.shtml LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2008-05-21 N1 - Last updated - 2010-05-03 ER - TY - CONF T1 - Human milk research for answering questions about human health. AN - 68616378; 16176918 AB - Concerns regarding human milk in our society are diverse, ranging from the presence of environmental chemicals to the health of breastfed infants and the economic value of breastfeeding to society. The panel convened for the Technical Workshop on Human Milk Surveillance and Biomonitoring for Environmental Chemicals in the United States, held at the Hershey Medical Center, Pennsylvania State College of Medicine, on 24--26 September 2004, considered how human milk research may contribute to environmental health initiatives to benefit society. The panel concluded that infant, maternal, and community health can benefit from studies using human milk biomonitoring. Unlike other biological specimens, human milk provides information regarding exposure of the mother and breastfed infant to environmental chemicals. Some of the health topics relevant to this field of research include disorders of growth and development in infants, cancer origins in women, and characterization of the trend of exposure to environmental chemicals in the community. The research focus will determine the design of the study and the need for the collection of alternative biological specimens and the long-term storage of these specimens. In order to strengthen the ability to interpret study results, it is important to identify reference ranges for the chemicals measured and to control for populations with high environmental chemical exposure, because the amount of data on environmental chemical levels in human milk that is available for comparison is extremely limited. In addition, it will be necessary to validate models used to assess infant exposure from breastfeeding because of the variable nature of current models. Information on differences between individual and population risk estimates for toxicity needs to be effectively communicated to the participant. Human milk research designed to answer questions regarding health will require additional resources to meet these objectives. JF - Journal of toxicology and environmental health. Part A AU - Wang, Richard Y AU - Bates, Michael N AU - Goldstein, Daniel A AU - Haynes, Suzanne G AU - Hench, Karen D AU - Lawrence, Ruth A AU - Paul, Ian M AU - Qian, Zhengmin Y1 - 2005/10/22/ PY - 2005 DA - 2005 Oct 22 SP - 1771 EP - 1801 VL - 68 IS - 20 KW - Environmental Pollutants KW - 0 KW - Index Medicus KW - Infant KW - Environmental Monitoring KW - Humans KW - Adult KW - Specimen Handling KW - Infant, Newborn KW - Child Development KW - Infant Welfare KW - Social Conditions KW - Neoplasms -- etiology KW - Female KW - Pregnancy KW - Milk, Human -- chemistry KW - Breast Feeding KW - Biological Specimen Banks KW - Environmental Pollutants -- analysis KW - Population Surveillance UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/68616378?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=conference&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+toxicology+and+environmental+health.+Part+A&rft.atitle=Human+milk+research+for+answering+questions+about+human+health.&rft.au=Wang%2C+Richard+Y%3BBates%2C+Michael+N%3BGoldstein%2C+Daniel+A%3BHaynes%2C+Suzanne+G%3BHench%2C+Karen+D%3BLawrence%2C+Ruth+A%3BPaul%2C+Ian+M%3BQian%2C+Zhengmin&rft.aulast=Wang&rft.aufirst=Richard&rft.date=2005-10-22&rft.volume=68&rft.issue=20&rft.spage=1771&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+toxicology+and+environmental+health.+Part+A&rft.issn=15287394&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 2005-10-19 N1 - Date created - 2005-09-22 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Botulism. AN - 68584272; 16163636 AB - Botulism is a rare disease with 4 naturally occurring syndromes: foodborne botulism is caused by ingestion of foods contaminated with botulinum toxin, wound botulism is caused by Clostridium botulinum colonization of a wound and in situ toxin production, infant botulism is caused by intestinal colonization and toxin production, and adult intestinal toxemia botulism is an even rarer form of intestinal colonization and toxin production in adults. Inhalational botulism could result from aerosolization of botulinum toxin, and iatrogenic botulism can result from injection of toxin. All forms of botulism produce the same distinct clinical syndrome of symmetrical cranial nerve palsies followed by descending, symmetric flaccid paralysis of voluntary muscles, which may progress to respiratory compromise and death. The mainstays of therapy are meticulous intensive care (including mechanical ventilation, when necessary) and timely treatment with antitoxin. JF - Clinical infectious diseases : an official publication of the Infectious Diseases Society of America AU - Sobel, Jeremy AD - Foodborne and Diarrheal Diseases Branch, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia 30333, USA. jsobel@cdc.gov Y1 - 2005/10/15/ PY - 2005 DA - 2005 Oct 15 SP - 1167 EP - 1173 VL - 41 IS - 8 KW - Botulinum Antitoxin KW - 0 KW - Index Medicus KW - Food Microbiology KW - Humans KW - Botulinum Antitoxin -- therapeutic use KW - Clostridium botulinum -- metabolism KW - Critical Care KW - Botulism -- diagnosis KW - Botulism -- therapy UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/68584272?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Clinical+infectious+diseases+%3A+an+official+publication+of+the+Infectious+Diseases+Society+of+America&rft.atitle=Botulism.&rft.au=Sobel%2C+Jeremy&rft.aulast=Sobel&rft.aufirst=Jeremy&rft.date=2005-10-15&rft.volume=41&rft.issue=8&rft.spage=1167&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Clinical+infectious+diseases+%3A+an+official+publication+of+the+Infectious+Diseases+Society+of+America&rft.issn=1537-6591&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 2006-09-05 N1 - Date created - 2005-09-15 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - National survey to measure rates of liver injury, hospitalization, and death associated with rifampin and pyrazinamide for latent tuberculosis infection. AN - 68580980; 16163632 AB - Cases of severe and fatal liver injury were reported after a 2-month course of rifampin-pyrazinamide therapy was recommended in 2000 as an alternative to isoniazid for treatment of latent tuberculosis infection. We estimated rates of rifampin-pyrazinamide-associated liver injury and compared these with historical rates for isoniazid. We conducted a survey of state and city tuberculosis programs and other health care settings in the United States where rifampin-pyrazinamide was prescribed. The number of rifampin-pyrazinamide therapy initiations was collected, as well as the number of occurrences of (1) asymptomatic aspartate aminotransferase serum concentration >5 times the upper limit of normal, (2) symptomatic hepatitis (in which the patient was not hospitalized), (3) hospitalization for liver injury, (4) death with liver injury, and (5) treatment completion. We also searched a national pharmacy claims database (Verispan). Rates of these events were calculated. Among 139 programs, 110 (79%) responded; 87 (79%) had initiated rifampin-pyrazinamide therapy for a total of 8087 patients between January 2000 and June 2002. Rates per 1000 rifampin-pyrazinamide therapy initiations during this period were 25.6 (95% confidence interval [CI], 22.3-29.3) for asymptomatic aspartate aminotransferase level >5 times the upper limit of normal and 18.7 (95% CI, 15.9-21.9) for hepatitis. Seven fatalities and 23 hospitalizations occurred, with rates of 0.9 (95% CI, 0.4-1.9) and 2.8 (95% CI, 1.8-4.3) per 1000 rifampin-pyrazinamide therapy initiations, respectively. Of 8087 patients, 64% completed rifampin-pyrazinamide therapy. The Verispan search revealed 1 rifampin-pyrazinamide-associated hospitalization (2.9 hospitalizations per 1000 rifampin-pyrazinamide therapy initiations; 95% CI, 0.1-18.4) and no deaths. Articles on the use of isoniazid therapy for latent tuberculosis infection that were published after 1990 reported fatality rates of 0.0-0.3 deaths per 1000 persons. Rates of liver injury, hospitalization, and death associated with rifampin-pyrazinamide therapy exceed rates reported for isoniazid therapy. Because earlier randomized trials of rifampin-pyrazinamide lacked adequate statistical power to detect fatal events, the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention recommends that rifampin-pyrazinamide generally should not be used for treatment of latent tuberculosis infection. JF - Clinical infectious diseases : an official publication of the Infectious Diseases Society of America AU - McElroy, Peter D AU - Ijaz, Kashef AU - Lambert, Lauren A AU - Jereb, John A AU - Iademarco, Michael F AU - Castro, Kenneth G AU - Navin, Thomas R AD - Division of Tuberculosis Elimination, National Center for HIV, STD, and TB Prevention, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Department of Health and Human Services, Atlanta, GA 30333, USA. tnavin@cdc.gov Y1 - 2005/10/15/ PY - 2005 DA - 2005 Oct 15 SP - 1125 EP - 1133 VL - 41 IS - 8 KW - Antitubercular Agents KW - 0 KW - Pyrazinamide KW - 2KNI5N06TI KW - Rifampin KW - VJT6J7R4TR KW - Index Medicus KW - Humans KW - Health Surveys KW - United States -- epidemiology KW - Pyrazinamide -- adverse effects KW - Pyrazinamide -- therapeutic use KW - Liver Diseases -- epidemiology KW - Tuberculosis -- drug therapy KW - Rifampin -- adverse effects KW - Chemical and Drug Induced Liver Injury KW - Rifampin -- therapeutic use KW - Hospitalization -- statistics & numerical data KW - Antitubercular Agents -- adverse effects KW - Antitubercular Agents -- therapeutic use UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/68580980?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Clinical+infectious+diseases+%3A+an+official+publication+of+the+Infectious+Diseases+Society+of+America&rft.atitle=National+survey+to+measure+rates+of+liver+injury%2C+hospitalization%2C+and+death+associated+with+rifampin+and+pyrazinamide+for+latent+tuberculosis+infection.&rft.au=McElroy%2C+Peter+D%3BIjaz%2C+Kashef%3BLambert%2C+Lauren+A%3BJereb%2C+John+A%3BIademarco%2C+Michael+F%3BCastro%2C+Kenneth+G%3BNavin%2C+Thomas+R&rft.aulast=McElroy&rft.aufirst=Peter&rft.date=2005-10-15&rft.volume=41&rft.issue=8&rft.spage=1125&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Clinical+infectious+diseases+%3A+an+official+publication+of+the+Infectious+Diseases+Society+of+America&rft.issn=1537-6591&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 2006-09-05 N1 - Date created - 2005-09-15 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - SuppNotes - Comment In: Clin Infect Dis. 2006 Mar 15;42(6):892; author reply 892-3 [16477576] Erratum In: Clin Infect Dis. 2006 Jan 15;42(2):313 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Surveillance for illness and injury after hurricane Katrina--New Orleans, Louisiana, September 8-25, 2005. AN - 68690083; 16224450 AB - Hurricane Katrina struck the Gulf Coast on August 29, 2005, resulting in extensive structural damage and severe flooding from breached levees in and around New Orleans, Louisiana. The public health infrastructure of the Louisiana Department of Health and Hospitals (LDHH) was damaged extensively, limiting surveillance for illnesses, injuries, and toxic exposures. On September 9, 2005, LDHH, CDC, and functioning emergency treatment resources (i.e., hospitals, disaster medical assistance teams, and military aid stations) established an active surveillance system to detect outbreaks of disease and characterize post-hurricane injuries and illnesses. As of September 25, the system had monitored 7,508 reports of health-related events at participating facilities. Trends observed in the data prompted investigations of respiratory and rash illnesses, but no major outbreaks of disease or hazardous environmental exposures were detected. These data also were used to identify post-hurricane injury patterns and to guide prevention messages to residents and relief workers. A natural disaster of the magnitude of Hurricane Katrina requires a sustained response and a detailed plan for return to pre-hurricane surveillance activities. JF - MMWR. Morbidity and mortality weekly report AU - Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) AD - Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) Y1 - 2005/10/14/ PY - 2005 DA - 2005 Oct 14 SP - 1018 EP - 1021 VL - 54 IS - 40 KW - Index Medicus KW - Humans KW - Louisiana -- epidemiology KW - Disasters -- statistics & numerical data KW - Wounds and Injuries -- epidemiology KW - Disease Outbreaks -- statistics & numerical data KW - Population Surveillance UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/68690083?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=MMWR.+Morbidity+and+mortality+weekly+report&rft.atitle=Surveillance+for+illness+and+injury+after+hurricane+Katrina--New+Orleans%2C+Louisiana%2C+September+8-25%2C+2005.&rft.au=Centers+for+Disease+Control+and+Prevention+%28CDC%29&rft.aulast=Centers+for+Disease+Control+and+Prevention+%28CDC%29&rft.aufirst=&rft.date=2005-10-14&rft.volume=54&rft.issue=40&rft.spage=1018&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=MMWR.+Morbidity+and+mortality+weekly+report&rft.issn=1545-861X&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 2005-10-18 N1 - Date created - 2005-10-14 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - SuppNotes - Erratum In: MMWR Morb Mortal Wkly Rep. 2005 Oct 21;54(41):1057 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Distribution of insecticide-treated bednets during an integrated nationwide immunization campaign--Togo, West Africa, December 2004. AN - 68665685; 16208313 AB - During December 13-19, 2004, Togo, a West African nation with a population of approximately 5 million, conducted the first-ever nationwide distribution of insecticide-treated bednets (ITNs) for prevention of malaria. A supplemental immunization activity (SIA), conducted as part of Togo's measles mortality reduction strategy and targeting all children aged 9-59 months, was used as an opportunity to distribute ITNs, oral poliovirus vaccine (OPV), and the anti-helminthic medication, mebendazole. The campaign aimed to achieve >95% coverage among the 866,725 children aged 9-59 months with measles vaccine, OPV, one ITN, and one tablet of mebendazole. This report describes the planning, implementation, and results of this campaign, with emphasis on ITN distribution. The findings demonstrate the feasibility of integrating delivery of these services in a campaign setting. JF - MMWR. Morbidity and mortality weekly report AU - Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) AD - Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) Y1 - 2005/10/07/ PY - 2005 DA - 2005 Oct 07 SP - 994 EP - 996 VL - 54 IS - 39 KW - Insecticides KW - 0 KW - Index Medicus KW - Infant KW - Humans KW - Immunization Programs KW - Africa, Western KW - Child, Preschool KW - Malaria -- prevention & control KW - Insecticides -- administration & dosage KW - Bedding and Linens KW - Health Promotion UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/68665685?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=MMWR.+Morbidity+and+mortality+weekly+report&rft.atitle=Distribution+of+insecticide-treated+bednets+during+an+integrated+nationwide+immunization+campaign--Togo%2C+West+Africa%2C+December+2004.&rft.au=Centers+for+Disease+Control+and+Prevention+%28CDC%29&rft.aulast=Centers+for+Disease+Control+and+Prevention+%28CDC%29&rft.aufirst=&rft.date=2005-10-07&rft.volume=54&rft.issue=39&rft.spage=994&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=MMWR.+Morbidity+and+mortality+weekly+report&rft.issn=1545-861X&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 2005-10-11 N1 - Date created - 2005-10-06 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Carbon monoxide poisoning after hurricane Katrina--Alabama, Louisiana, and Mississippi, August-September 2005. AN - 68665470; 16208314 AB - Hurricane Katrina made landfall on August 29, 2005, on the Gulf Coast of the United States, causing loss of life, widespread property damage, and power outages. After hurricanes, some residents use portable generators and other gasoline-powered appliances for electrical power and cleanup. These devices produce carbon monoxide (CO), and improper use can cause CO poisoning. During August 29-September 24, a total of 51 cases of CO poisoning were reported by hyperbaric oxygen (HBO2) facilities in Alabama, Louisiana, and Mississippi. This report describes these cases and the rapidly implemented reporting system that identified them. CO poisoning can be prevented by reducing exposure to CO through appropriate placement and ventilation of gasoline-powered engines. JF - MMWR. Morbidity and mortality weekly report AU - Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) AD - Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) Y1 - 2005/10/07/ PY - 2005 DA - 2005 Oct 07 SP - 996 EP - 998 VL - 54 IS - 39 KW - Index Medicus KW - Southeastern United States -- epidemiology KW - Humans KW - Disasters KW - Carbon Monoxide Poisoning -- epidemiology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/68665470?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=MMWR.+Morbidity+and+mortality+weekly+report&rft.atitle=Carbon+monoxide+poisoning+after+hurricane+Katrina--Alabama%2C+Louisiana%2C+and+Mississippi%2C+August-September+2005.&rft.au=Centers+for+Disease+Control+and+Prevention+%28CDC%29&rft.aulast=Centers+for+Disease+Control+and+Prevention+%28CDC%29&rft.aufirst=&rft.date=2005-10-07&rft.volume=54&rft.issue=39&rft.spage=996&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=MMWR.+Morbidity+and+mortality+weekly+report&rft.issn=1545-861X&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 2005-10-11 N1 - Date created - 2005-10-06 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Monitoring vaccine safety during an influenza pandemic. AN - 70190166; 17132333 AB - In the event that a vaccine is available during an influenza pandemic, vaccine safety monitoring will occur as part of comprehensive public health surveillance of the vaccination campaign. Though inactivated influenza vaccines have been widely used in the United States and much is known about their safety profile, attention will need to be paid to both common self-limited adverse reactions and rarer, more serious events that may or may not be causally related to vaccination. The primary surveillance systems used to generate and test hypotheses about vaccine safety concerns are the Vaccine Adverse Event Reporting System (VAERS) and the Vaccine Safety Datalink (VSD), respectively. Examples of recent use of these systems to investigate influenza vaccine safety and enhancements planned for use during a pandemic are presented. Ethical issues that will need to be addressed as part of an overall vaccine safety response include risk communication and injury compensation. Advance planning and the use of available technologic solutions are needed to respond to the scientific and logistic challenges involved in safely implementing mass vaccination during a pandemic. JF - The Yale journal of biology and medicine AU - Iskander, John AU - Haber, Penina AU - Herrera, Guillermo AD - Immunization Safety Office, Office of the Chief Science Officer, Office of the Director, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia 30333, USA. jxi0@cdc.gov Y1 - 2005/10// PY - 2005 DA - October 2005 SP - 265 EP - 275 VL - 78 IS - 5 KW - Influenza Vaccines KW - 0 KW - Index Medicus KW - United States KW - Mandatory Reporting KW - Humans KW - Drug-Related Side Effects and Adverse Reactions -- diagnosis KW - Disaster Planning KW - Influenza, Human -- prevention & control KW - Disease Outbreaks -- prevention & control KW - Adverse Drug Reaction Reporting Systems KW - Influenza, Human -- diagnosis KW - Influenza Vaccines -- adverse effects KW - Disease Notification -- methods KW - Population Surveillance -- methods UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/70190166?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Yale+journal+of+biology+and+medicine&rft.atitle=Monitoring+vaccine+safety+during+an+influenza+pandemic.&rft.au=Iskander%2C+John%3BHaber%2C+Penina%3BHerrera%2C+Guillermo&rft.aulast=Iskander&rft.aufirst=John&rft.date=2005-10-01&rft.volume=78&rft.issue=5&rft.spage=265&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=The+Yale+journal+of+biology+and+medicine&rft.issn=1551-4056&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 2006-12-28 N1 - Date created - 2006-11-29 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Botulinum neurotoxin detection and differentiation by mass spectrometry. AN - 68853021; 16318699 AB - Botulinum neurotoxins (BoNTs) are proteases that cleave specific cellular proteins essential for neurotransmitter release. Seven BoNT serotypes (A-G) exist; 4 usually cause human botulism (A, B, E, and F). We developed a rapid, mass spectrometry-based method (Endopep-MS) to detect and differentiate active BoNTs A, B, E, and F. This method uses the highly specific protease activity of the toxins with target peptides specific for each toxin serotype. The product peptides derived from the endopeptidase activities of BoNTs are detected by matrix-assisted laser-desorption ionization time-of-flight mass spectrometry. In buffer, this method can detect toxin equivalents of as little as 0.01 mouse lethal dose (MLD)50 and concentrations as low as 0.62 MLD50/mL. A high-performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry method for quantifying active toxin, where the amount of toxin can be correlated to the amount of product peptides, is also described. JF - Emerging infectious diseases AU - Barr, John R AU - Moura, Hercules AU - Boyer, Anne E AU - Woolfitt, Adrian R AU - Kalb, Suzanne R AU - Pavlopoulos, Antonis AU - McWilliams, Lisa G AU - Schmidt, Jurgen G AU - Martinez, Rodolfo A AU - Ashley, David L AD - Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia 30341, USA. jbarr@cdc.gov Y1 - 2005/10// PY - 2005 DA - October 2005 SP - 1578 EP - 1583 VL - 11 IS - 10 SN - 1080-6040, 1080-6040 KW - Neurotoxins KW - 0 KW - botulinum toxin type F KW - rimabotulinumtoxinB KW - 0Y70779M1F KW - Endopeptidases KW - EC 3.4.- KW - Botulinum Toxins KW - EC 3.4.24.69 KW - Botulinum Toxins, Type A KW - botulinum toxin type E KW - T579M564JY KW - Index Medicus KW - Clostridium botulinum -- classification KW - Endopeptidases -- metabolism KW - Molecular Sequence Data KW - Serotyping KW - Botulinum Toxins, Type A -- metabolism KW - Clostridium botulinum -- metabolism KW - Amino Acid Sequence KW - Botulinum Toxins, Type A -- chemistry KW - Neurotoxins -- metabolism KW - Neurotoxins -- classification KW - Botulinum Toxins -- chemistry KW - Spectrometry, Mass, Matrix-Assisted Laser Desorption-Ionization -- methods KW - Botulinum Toxins -- metabolism KW - Neurotoxins -- chemistry KW - Botulinum Toxins -- classification UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/68853021?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Emerging+infectious+diseases&rft.atitle=Botulinum+neurotoxin+detection+and+differentiation+by+mass+spectrometry.&rft.au=Barr%2C+John+R%3BMoura%2C+Hercules%3BBoyer%2C+Anne+E%3BWoolfitt%2C+Adrian+R%3BKalb%2C+Suzanne+R%3BPavlopoulos%2C+Antonis%3BMcWilliams%2C+Lisa+G%3BSchmidt%2C+Jurgen+G%3BMartinez%2C+Rodolfo+A%3BAshley%2C+David+L&rft.aulast=Barr&rft.aufirst=John&rft.date=2005-10-01&rft.volume=11&rft.issue=10&rft.spage=1578&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Emerging+infectious+diseases&rft.issn=10806040&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 2006-01-16 N1 - Date created - 2005-12-01 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - SuppNotes - Cited By: Physiol Rev. 2000 Apr;80(2):717-66 [10747206] Appl Environ Microbiol. 1999 Sep;65(9):3787-92 [10473376] Anal Biochem. 2001 Apr 15;291(2):253-61 [11401299] Anal Biochem. 2001 Sep 1;296(1):130-7 [11520041] Appl Environ Microbiol. 2003 Jan;69(1):297-303 [12514008] Dev Biol (Basel). 2002;111:101-8 [12678229] J AOAC Int. 2003 Mar-Apr;86(2):314-31 [12723917] J Food Prot. 2004 Jan;67(1):203-6 [14717376] Eur J Biochem. 1994 Oct 1;225(1):263-70 [7925446] J Protein Chem. 1995 Nov;14(8):703-8 [8747431] J Clin Microbiol. 1996 Aug;34(8):1934-8 [8818885] Clin Chem. 1996 Oct;42(10):1676-82 [8855153] Microbiology. 1997 Oct;143 ( Pt 10):3337-47 [9353935] FEMS Immunol Med Microbiol. 1999 Jul;24(3):319-23 [10397317] JAMA. 2001 Feb 28;285(8):1059-70 [11209178] N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Beliefs about meals eaten outside the home as sources of gastrointestinal illness. AN - 68723492; 16245727 AB - In a 2002 telephone survey of 16,435 randomly selected U.S. residents, respondents answered several questions about their beliefs concerning sources of gastrointestinal illness. Of those who had experienced vomiting or diarrhea in the month before their telephone interview, 22% believed the source of their gastrointestinal illness was a meal eaten outside the home. I11 respondents who had diarrhea but not vomiting and who did not miss work because of their illness were more likely to believe the illness resulted from a specific outside meal. I11 respondents attributed their illness to a specific outside meal for several reasons, including symptom timing (43%) and illness of their meal companions (6%). Eight percent of ill respondents reported their illness to a health department or the restaurant suspected of causing the illness. Those with vomiting and those who missed work or activities because of their illness were more likely to report their illness. Most respondents (54%) who attributed their illness to a specific outside meal said their illness symptoms began within a short time (5 h) of eating that meal. The foodborne illnesses for which this is a likely time frame typically are associated with vomiting, but respondents with vomiting did not report a shorter symptom onset than respondents without vomiting. These findings suggest that ill respondents may have the misconception that foodborne illness symptoms typically occur shortly after ingestion of contaminated food. Results suggest that education efforts should focus on the nature and timing of foodborne illness symptoms and the importance of reporting suspected foodborne illnesses. JF - Journal of food protection AU - Green, Laura R AU - Selman, Carol AU - Scallan, Elaine AU - Jones, Timothy F AU - Marcus, Ruthanne AU - EHS-Net Population Survey Working Group AD - RTI International, 4770 Buford Highway, MS F-28, Atlanta, Georgia 30341, USA. lrg0@cdc.gov ; EHS-Net Population Survey Working Group Y1 - 2005/10// PY - 2005 DA - October 2005 SP - 2184 EP - 2189 VL - 68 IS - 10 SN - 0362-028X, 0362-028X KW - Index Medicus KW - Consumer Product Safety KW - Humans KW - Vomiting -- etiology KW - Vomiting -- epidemiology KW - Food Microbiology KW - Public Health KW - Adult KW - Diarrhea -- epidemiology KW - Health Surveys KW - Diarrhea -- etiology KW - Time Factors KW - United States -- epidemiology KW - Female KW - Male KW - Foodborne Diseases -- epidemiology KW - Restaurants -- standards KW - Foodborne Diseases -- etiology KW - Health Knowledge, Attitudes, Practice UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/68723492?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+food+protection&rft.atitle=Beliefs+about+meals+eaten+outside+the+home+as+sources+of+gastrointestinal+illness.&rft.au=Green%2C+Laura+R%3BSelman%2C+Carol%3BScallan%2C+Elaine%3BJones%2C+Timothy+F%3BMarcus%2C+Ruthanne%3BEHS-Net+Population+Survey+Working+Group&rft.aulast=Green&rft.aufirst=Laura&rft.date=2005-10-01&rft.volume=68&rft.issue=10&rft.spage=2184&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+food+protection&rft.issn=0362028X&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 2005-11-10 N1 - Date created - 2005-10-25 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - The incidence of respiratory symptoms and diseases among pulp mill workers with peak exposures to ozone and other irritant gases. AN - 68700919; 16236983 AB - Pulp mills in Sweden started to use ozone as a bleaching agent in the early 1990s. The goal of this study was to investigate whether the incidence of selected respiratory outcomes was associated with peak exposures to ozone or other irritant gases (ie, chlorine dioxide [ClO2] or sulfur dioxide [SO2]) used in these mills. Bleachery workers (n = 245) from three pulp mills where ozone was used participated in surveys in the mid- to late-1990s. Comparison workers (n = 80) were from two adjacent paper mills. The person-time at risk was calculated for each participant, covering the period of employment when ozone was used. Data were collected by questionnaire, and a peak exposure was defined as a self-reported exposure to an irritant gas resulting in acute respiratory symptoms. The outcomes analyzed were self-reports of physician-diagnosed asthma, attacks of wheeze, and chronic bronchitis (ie, chronic cough with phlegm). Participants also reported when the peak exposures and outcomes occurred. Based on proportional hazards regression (controlling for gender, age, cigarette smoking, atopy, and peak irritant exposures that occurred before follow-up), workers who reported both ozone and ClO2/SO2 peak exposures had elevated hazard ratios (HRs) for all three outcomes. Those who reported only ozone peak exposures had elevated HRs of 6.5 (95% confidence interval [CI], 1.2 to 36.3) for asthma and 3.3 (95% CI, 1.1 to 10.2) for attacks of wheeze but no increase in risk for chronic bronchitis. Workers with only ClO2/SO2 peak exposures had elevated HRs for attacks of wheeze (HR, 7.5; 95% CI, 1.9 to 29.3) and chronic bronchitis (HR, 22.9; 95% CI, 4.5 to 118.2) but not for asthma. These findings suggest the need for additional efforts to prevent peak exposures in pulp-bleaching operations. JF - Chest AU - Henneberger, Paul K AU - Olin, Anna-Carin AU - Andersson, Eva AU - Hagberg, Stig AU - Torén, Kjell AD - National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, MS-H2800, 1095 Willowdale Rd, Morgantown, WV 26505, USA. pkh0@cdc.gov Y1 - 2005/10// PY - 2005 DA - October 2005 SP - 3028 EP - 3037 VL - 128 IS - 4 SN - 0012-3692, 0012-3692 KW - Chlorine Compounds KW - 0 KW - Gases KW - Irritants KW - Oxides KW - Sulfur Dioxide KW - 0UZA3422Q4 KW - Ozone KW - 66H7ZZK23N KW - chlorine dioxide KW - 8061YMS4RM KW - Abridged Index Medicus KW - Index Medicus KW - Chlorine Compounds -- toxicity KW - Asthma -- epidemiology KW - Bronchitis -- prevention & control KW - Sulfur Dioxide -- toxicity KW - Respiratory Sounds -- etiology KW - Bronchitis -- etiology KW - Humans KW - Health Surveys KW - Asthma -- prevention & control KW - Sweden -- epidemiology KW - Oxides -- toxicity KW - Asthma -- chemically induced KW - Respiratory Tract Diseases -- prevention & control KW - Occupational Exposure -- prevention & control KW - Irritants -- toxicity KW - Occupational Diseases -- prevention & control KW - Respiratory Tract Diseases -- epidemiology KW - Respiratory Tract Diseases -- chemically induced KW - Occupational Diseases -- epidemiology KW - Occupational Diseases -- chemically induced KW - Ozone -- toxicity UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/68700919?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Chest&rft.atitle=The+incidence+of+respiratory+symptoms+and+diseases+among+pulp+mill+workers+with+peak+exposures+to+ozone+and+other+irritant+gases.&rft.au=Henneberger%2C+Paul+K%3BOlin%2C+Anna-Carin%3BAndersson%2C+Eva%3BHagberg%2C+Stig%3BTor%C3%A9n%2C+Kjell&rft.aulast=Henneberger&rft.aufirst=Paul&rft.date=2005-10-01&rft.volume=128&rft.issue=4&rft.spage=3028&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Chest&rft.issn=00123692&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 2005-11-21 N1 - Date created - 2005-10-20 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - How many genes underlie the occurrence of common complex diseases in the population? AN - 68670483; 16043441 AB - Most common human diseases are due to complex interactions among multiple genetic variants and environmental risk factors. There is debate over whether variants of a relatively small number of genes, each with weak or modest individual effects, account for a large proportion of common diseases in the population, or whether a large number of rare variants with large effects underlie genetic susceptibility to these diseases. It is not clear how many genes are necessary to account for an appreciable population-attributable fraction of these diseases. In this analysis, we estimated the number of disease susceptibility genes needed to account for varying population attributable fractions of a common complex disease, taking into account the genotype prevalence, risk ratios for individual genes, and the model of gene-gene interactions (additive or multiplicative). Very large numbers of rare genotypes (e.g. those with frequencies of 1 per 5000 or less) are needed to explain 50% of a common disease in the population, even if the individual risk ratios are large (RR = 10-20). On the other hand, only approximately 20 genes are usually needed to explain 50% of the burden of a disease in the population if the predisposing genotypes are common (> or = 25%), even if the individual risk ratios are relatively small (RR = 1.2-1.5). Our results suggest that a limited number of disease susceptibility genes with common variants can explain a major proportion of common complex diseases in the population. Our findings should help focus the search for common genetic variants that provide the most important predispositions to complex human diseases. JF - International journal of epidemiology AU - Yang, Quanhe AU - Khoury, Muin J AU - Friedman, Jm AU - Little, Julian AU - Flanders, W Dana AD - National Center on Birth Defects and Developmental Disabilities, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), Atlanta, GA 30333, USA. qay0@cdc.gov Y1 - 2005/10// PY - 2005 DA - October 2005 SP - 1129 EP - 1137 VL - 34 IS - 5 SN - 0300-5771, 0300-5771 KW - Index Medicus KW - Odds Ratio KW - Humans KW - Algorithms KW - Colorectal Neoplasms -- genetics KW - Genotype KW - Phenotype KW - Alleles KW - Risk Factors KW - Models, Genetic KW - Genetic Variation -- genetics KW - Environmental Exposure -- adverse effects KW - Gene Frequency -- genetics KW - Prevalence KW - Genetic Predisposition to Disease -- genetics KW - Genes -- genetics UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/68670483?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=International+journal+of+epidemiology&rft.atitle=How+many+genes+underlie+the+occurrence+of+common+complex+diseases+in+the+population%3F&rft.au=Yang%2C+Quanhe%3BKhoury%2C+Muin+J%3BFriedman%2C+Jm%3BLittle%2C+Julian%3BFlanders%2C+W+Dana&rft.aulast=Yang&rft.aufirst=Quanhe&rft.date=2005-10-01&rft.volume=34&rft.issue=5&rft.spage=1129&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=International+journal+of+epidemiology&rft.issn=03005771&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 2006-07-17 N1 - Date created - 2005-10-10 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - SuppNotes - Comment In: Int J Epidemiol. 2006 Apr;35(2):490-1 [16373374] Int J Epidemiol. 2006 Apr;35(2):497; author reply 498 [16354761] N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Prevention of IL-1 signaling attenuates airway hyperresponsiveness and inflammation in a murine model of toluene diisocyanate-induced asthma. AN - 68665876; 16210060 AB - IL-1 is a pleotropic cytokine that has been shown to play a prominent role in asthma induced by large-molecular-weight proteins. Increased IL-1 immunostaining in the submucosa of patients with toluene diisocyanate (TDI)-induced asthma has also been observed, suggesting that this cytokine might also be important in asthma associated with low-molecular-weight chemicals. We sought to determine the role of IL-1 signaling in airway reactivity and inflammation by using a murine model of TDI-induced asthma. C57BL/6 mice were exposed to TDI by means of vapor inhalation (20 ppb; 4 hours per day, 5 days per week, for 6 weeks) and then challenged 2 weeks later by inhalation with 20 ppb TDI vapor for 1 hour. Sensitized-challenged mice showed increased airway hyperresponsiveness (AHR), increased levels of TDI-specific IgG1 antibodies, airway epithelial thickening, inflammation consisting of infiltrating lymphocytes and eosinophils, and increased mRNA expression of IL-4, intercellular adhesion molecule 1, and vascular cell adhesion molecule 1 in the lung. Prevention of IL-1 signaling through deletion of the IL-1 receptor type I or administration of neutralizing antibodies to both IL-1beta and IL-1alpha abrogated the development of TDI-induced asthma. A partial reduction in AHR and TDI-specific IgG1 levels was observed in mice administered anti-IL-1beta, whereas anti-IL-1alpha had no effect on either parameter. Antibodies to IL-1beta or IL-1alpha alone blocked airway inflammation and the expression of IL-4 and adhesion molecules in the lung. These results suggest that IL-1 signaling is critical for AHR and airway inflammation, with IL-1beta and IL-1alpha having unique and overlapping roles in TDI-induced occupational asthma. JF - The Journal of allergy and clinical immunology AU - Johnson, Victor J AU - Yucesoy, Berran AU - Luster, Michael I AD - Toxicology and Molecular Biology Branch, Health Effects Laboratory Division, National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Morgantown, WV 26505-2888, USA. vjohnson3@cdc.gov Y1 - 2005/10// PY - 2005 DA - October 2005 SP - 851 EP - 858 VL - 116 IS - 4 SN - 0091-6749, 0091-6749 KW - Interleukin-1 KW - 0 KW - Receptors, Interleukin-1 KW - Toluene 2,4-Diisocyanate KW - 17X7AFZ1GH KW - Abridged Index Medicus KW - Index Medicus KW - Receptors, Interleukin-1 -- deficiency KW - Animals KW - Toluene 2,4-Diisocyanate -- administration & dosage KW - Toluene 2,4-Diisocyanate -- toxicity KW - Receptors, Interleukin-1 -- genetics KW - Antibody Formation KW - Disease Models, Animal KW - Respiratory Hypersensitivity -- prevention & control KW - Mice KW - Mice, Knockout KW - Antibody Specificity KW - Inflammation -- prevention & control KW - Toluene 2,4-Diisocyanate -- immunology KW - Mice, Inbred C57BL KW - Up-Regulation KW - Signal Transduction KW - Female KW - Interleukin-1 -- immunology KW - Asthma -- prevention & control KW - Interleukin-1 -- genetics KW - Asthma -- chemically induced KW - Asthma -- pathology KW - Asthma -- immunology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/68665876?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Journal+of+allergy+and+clinical+immunology&rft.atitle=Prevention+of+IL-1+signaling+attenuates+airway+hyperresponsiveness+and+inflammation+in+a+murine+model+of+toluene+diisocyanate-induced+asthma.&rft.au=Johnson%2C+Victor+J%3BYucesoy%2C+Berran%3BLuster%2C+Michael+I&rft.aulast=Johnson&rft.aufirst=Victor&rft.date=2005-10-01&rft.volume=116&rft.issue=4&rft.spage=851&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=The+Journal+of+allergy+and+clinical+immunology&rft.issn=00916749&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 2005-11-21 N1 - Date created - 2005-10-07 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - The effects of recall on reporting injury and poisoning episodes in the National Health Interview Survey. AN - 68659022; 16203836 AB - To examine effects of length of time between injury or poisoning and interview on the number of reported injury and poisoning episodes in the National Health Interview Survey (NHIS). (Hereinafter, both injuries and poisonings will be referred to as "injuries".) The NHIS collects data continuously on medically attended injuries occurring to family members during the three months before interview. Time between injury and interview was established by subtracting the reported injury date from the interview date. Values were multiply imputed for the 25% of the episodes for which dates were only partially reported. An analysis of mean square error (MSE) was used to quantify the extent of errors in estimated annual numbers of injuries and to compare the contributions of bias and variance to these errors. The lowest estimated MSEs for annualized estimates for all injuries and for less severe injuries were attained when the annualized estimates were based on 3--6 elapsed cumulative weeks between injury and interview. The average weighted number of injuries reported per week per year was 8% lower in later weeks (weeks 6--13) than in earlier weeks (weeks 1--5) for all episodes, and 24% lower in later weeks than in earlier weeks for contusions/superficial injuries, with both differences being statistically significant. For fractures, however, the averages in the two periods were statistically similar. The error associated with the estimated annual number of injuries was large with a three month reference period for all injuries and for less severe injuries. Limiting analysis to episodes with up to five weeks between injury and interview has statistical, intuitive, and analytic appeal for all injuries and for less severe injuries. JF - Injury prevention : journal of the International Society for Child and Adolescent Injury Prevention AU - Warner, M AU - Schenker, N AU - Heinen, M A AU - Fingerhut, L A AD - Office of Analysis and Epidemiology, National Center for Health Statistics, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Hyattsville, MD 20782, USA. mwarner@cdc.gov Y1 - 2005/10// PY - 2005 DA - October 2005 SP - 282 EP - 287 VL - 11 IS - 5 SN - 1353-8047, 1353-8047 KW - Index Medicus KW - Self Disclosure KW - Epidemiologic Methods KW - Humans KW - Infant, Newborn KW - Aged KW - Child KW - Child, Preschool KW - Infant KW - Adult KW - Incidence KW - Middle Aged KW - Adolescent KW - United States -- epidemiology KW - Time Factors KW - Wounds and Injuries -- epidemiology KW - Poisoning -- epidemiology KW - Mental Recall UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/68659022?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Injury+prevention+%3A+journal+of+the+International+Society+for+Child+and+Adolescent+Injury+Prevention&rft.atitle=The+effects+of+recall+on+reporting+injury+and+poisoning+episodes+in+the+National+Health+Interview+Survey.&rft.au=Warner%2C+M%3BSchenker%2C+N%3BHeinen%2C+M+A%3BFingerhut%2C+L+A&rft.aulast=Warner&rft.aufirst=M&rft.date=2005-10-01&rft.volume=11&rft.issue=5&rft.spage=282&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Injury+prevention+%3A+journal+of+the+International+Society+for+Child+and+Adolescent+Injury+Prevention&rft.issn=13538047&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 2006-03-14 N1 - Date created - 2005-10-05 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - SuppNotes - Cited By: Inj Prev. 2002 Jun;8(2):91-6 [12120842] Am J Public Health. 1994 Apr;84(4):599-605 [8154563] Public Health Rep. 1995 May-Jun;110(3):350-4 [7610229] Am J Ind Med. 1995 Nov;28(5):583-90 [8561168] Vital Health Stat 10. 1998 Oct;(199):1-428 [9914773] Vital Health Stat 10. 2002 Mar;(204):1-92 [15786608] Inj Prev. 2004 Dec;10(6):327-9 [15583251] Inj Prev. 2005 Feb;11(1):43-7 [15691989] Inj Prev. 2005 Feb;11(1):48-52 [15691990] Vital Health Stat 10. 2000 Jul;(202):1-38 [15782447] Int J Epidemiol. 1999 Aug;28(4):750-5 [10480706] N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Roller coaster related fatalities, United States, 1994--2004. AN - 68658253; 16203841 AB - To determine the number of fatalities related to roller coasters and examine factors common to multiple incidents. A case was defined as the death of a person, which was associated with a roller coaster in the United States between 15 May 1994 and 14 May 2004. Cases were identified from four (1) Consumer Product Safety Commission, (2) Lexis-Nexis, (3) Medline, and (4) Safer parks. Forty people, ranging in age from 7 to 77 years, were killed in 39 separate incidents. Twenty nine (73%) deaths occurred among roller coaster patrons. Eleven fatalities resulted from external causes related to injuries from falls or collisions. Eighteen people died from medical conditions that might have been caused or exacerbated by riding a roller coaster; 15 were the result of intracranial hemorrhages or cardiac problems. Eleven (28%) deaths involved employees; all were caused by injuries. Approximately four deaths annually in the United States are associated with roller coasters. Prevention of roller coaster fatalities is dependent on establishing an effective surveillance system for amusement ride injuries, engineering rides to better protect both patrons and employees, improving training and supervision of employees regarding safety precautions, and posting cautionary notices near roller coasters for people with specified medical conditions. Further research is needed on roller coaster related deaths resulting from intracranial hemorrhages and cardiac problems. JF - Injury prevention : journal of the International Society for Child and Adolescent Injury Prevention AU - Pelletier, A R AU - Gilchrist, J AD - Bureau of Health, Maine Department of Health and Human Services, Augusta, Maine, USA. arp1@cdc.gov Y1 - 2005/10// PY - 2005 DA - October 2005 SP - 309 EP - 312 VL - 11 IS - 5 SN - 1353-8047, 1353-8047 KW - Index Medicus KW - Cardiovascular Diseases -- mortality KW - Asthma -- mortality KW - Risk Factors KW - Humans KW - Adult KW - Aged KW - Middle Aged KW - Child KW - Accidents, Occupational -- mortality KW - Adolescent KW - United States -- epidemiology KW - Male KW - Female KW - Play and Playthings -- injuries KW - Cause of Death UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/68658253?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Injury+prevention+%3A+journal+of+the+International+Society+for+Child+and+Adolescent+Injury+Prevention&rft.atitle=Roller+coaster+related+fatalities%2C+United+States%2C+1994--2004.&rft.au=Pelletier%2C+A+R%3BGilchrist%2C+J&rft.aulast=Pelletier&rft.aufirst=A&rft.date=2005-10-01&rft.volume=11&rft.issue=5&rft.spage=309&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Injury+prevention+%3A+journal+of+the+International+Society+for+Child+and+Adolescent+Injury+Prevention&rft.issn=13538047&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 2006-03-14 N1 - Date created - 2005-10-05 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - SuppNotes - Cited By: Headache. 2000 Oct;40(9):745-7 [11091294] Am J Med. 1997 May;102(5):488-9 [9217648] Eye (Lond). 1994;8 ( Pt 3):358-60 [7958050] Neurology. 2003 Nov 11;61(9):1255 [14610130] Neurology. 2000 Sep 26;55(6):903 [10994032] Ann Vasc Surg. 2002 Jul;16(4):505-8 [12085127] Ann Emerg Med. 2002 Jan;39(1):65-72 [11782733] J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry. 2001 Nov;71(5):704-5 [11606690] Surg Neurol. 2003 Nov;60(5):398-401 [14572959] N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Developing an evidence-based, preventive care package for persons with HIV in Africa. AN - 68626925; 16185230 AB - Currently, 95% of the 40 million persons with HIV live in low and middle income countries; 27 million in sub-Saharan Africa. HIV/AIDS is a leading cause of death in the region, yet access to care and treatment considered standard-of-care in the industrialized world is extremely limited. There is a need for standardized, evidence-based recommendations on preventive measures. We developed a list of potential interventions based, when possible, on documented efficacy in reducing morbidity or mortality among persons with HIV in Africa. We considered the accessibility, affordability, and potential for implementation using existing health care infrastructure. Potential components included cotrimoxazole prophylaxis, safe drinking water, isoniazid prophylaxis, insecticide-treated bed nets, micronutrients, and provision of HIV counseling and testing and condoms to family members of persons with HIV. There are several additional interventions for which further evaluation would be useful before inclusion in a standard package of care, including acyclovir prophylaxis, food supplementation, hand washing, and fluconazole prophylaxis. The provision of a basic care package could be an important step toward reducing health care disparities and gaining more control of the global HIV/AIDS epidemic. JF - Tropical medicine & international health : TM & IH AU - Mermin, Jonathan AU - Bunnell, Rebecca AU - Lule, John AU - Opio, Alex AU - Gibbons, Amanda AU - Dybul, Mark AU - Kaplan, Jonathan AD - CDC-Uganda, Global AIDS Program, National Center for HIV, STD and TB Prevention Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Entebbe, Uganda. jhm7@cdc.gov Y1 - 2005/10// PY - 2005 DA - October 2005 SP - 961 EP - 970 VL - 10 IS - 10 SN - 1360-2276, 1360-2276 KW - Anti-Infective Agents KW - 0 KW - Antitubercular Agents KW - Insecticides KW - Micronutrients KW - Vitamin A KW - 11103-57-4 KW - Trimethoprim, Sulfamethoxazole Drug Combination KW - 8064-90-2 KW - Isoniazid KW - V83O1VOZ8L KW - Index Medicus KW - Vitamin A -- administration & dosage KW - Africa -- epidemiology KW - Isoniazid -- therapeutic use KW - Humans KW - Trimethoprim, Sulfamethoxazole Drug Combination -- therapeutic use KW - Water Supply KW - Bedding and Linens KW - Water Microbiology KW - Health Services Accessibility KW - Condoms KW - Micronutrients -- administration & dosage KW - Anti-Infective Agents -- therapeutic use KW - Insecticides -- therapeutic use KW - HIV Infections -- prevention & control KW - Counseling -- methods KW - Family Health KW - Antitubercular Agents -- therapeutic use KW - Evidence-Based Medicine -- methods KW - AIDS-Related Opportunistic Infections -- prevention & control KW - AIDS-Related Opportunistic Infections -- epidemiology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/68626925?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Tropical+medicine+%26+international+health+%3A+TM+%26+IH&rft.atitle=Developing+an+evidence-based%2C+preventive+care+package+for+persons+with+HIV+in+Africa.&rft.au=Mermin%2C+Jonathan%3BBunnell%2C+Rebecca%3BLule%2C+John%3BOpio%2C+Alex%3BGibbons%2C+Amanda%3BDybul%2C+Mark%3BKaplan%2C+Jonathan&rft.aulast=Mermin&rft.aufirst=Jonathan&rft.date=2005-10-01&rft.volume=10&rft.issue=10&rft.spage=961&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Tropical+medicine+%26+international+health+%3A+TM+%26+IH&rft.issn=13602276&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 2005-10-24 N1 - Date created - 2005-09-27 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Laboratory wash resistance of long-lasting insecticidal nets. AN - 68626052; 16185237 AB - Long-lasting insecticidal nets (LLINs) may eliminate the need for retreatment of mosquito nets used for the control of malaria and other vector-borne diseases. The efficacy of LLINs after repeated washing under laboratory conditions has been used to predict long-lasting efficacy under field conditions. We evaluated under laboratory conditions the wash resistance of two LLINs (PermaNet 1.0, Vestergaard-Frandsen, Denmark; Olyset, Sumitomo Chemical Co., Japan), two candidate LLINs (Dawa, Siamdutch Mosquito Netting Co., Thailand; Insector, Athanor, France) and a net treated with a process designed to increase its wash resistance and compared them with conventionally treated nets (deltamethrin, 25 mg/m(2)). Nets of all six types were washed using a standard protocol and tested weekly using WHO cone bioassays with Anopheles gambiae (Kisumu strain). The PermaNet 1.0 was the most wash resistant with >50% mosquito mortality in WHO cone bioassays after as many as 20 washes. The Dawa net also retained some activity after repeated washing but exhibited wide variation in insecticide retention and biological activity. The remaining nets lost >90% of their biological activity after six washes as measured by 24-h mortality of A. gambiae in WHO cone tests. After 20 washes, all nets lost >50% of their initial insecticide concentrations except for the Olyset net. After 20 washes, nets were heated for 4 h at 60 degrees C to determine whether biological activity could be restored by heat-assisted regeneration. Only the Olyset net was regenerated by heating, with average mosquito mortality and knockdown in WHO cone tests rising to >90% after heating for 4 h at 60 degrees C. However, regeneration of the biological activity of Olyset nets that had been washed three times did not occur at 30 degrees C or 35 degrees C after 12 weeks. The wash resistance of these LLINs corresponded well to their retention of biological activity observed in a field trial, suggesting that wash resistance may be a good predictor of the longevity of insecticidal activity of LLINs under field conditions. JF - Tropical medicine & international health : TM & IH AU - Gimnig, John E AU - Lindblade, Kim A AU - Mount, Dwight L AU - Atieli, Francis K AU - Crawford, Sara AU - Wolkon, Adam AU - Hawley, William A AU - Dotson, Ellen M AD - Division of Parasitic Diseases, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA 30341, USA. jgimnig@cdc.gov Y1 - 2005/10// PY - 2005 DA - October 2005 SP - 1022 EP - 1029 VL - 10 IS - 10 SN - 1360-2276, 1360-2276 KW - Cyclodextrins KW - 0 KW - Insecticides KW - Index Medicus KW - Animals KW - Equipment Design KW - Logistic Models KW - Humans KW - Time Factors KW - Culicidae -- drug effects KW - Malaria -- prevention & control KW - Laundering -- methods KW - Bedding and Linens UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/68626052?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Tropical+medicine+%26+international+health+%3A+TM+%26+IH&rft.atitle=Laboratory+wash+resistance+of+long-lasting+insecticidal+nets.&rft.au=Gimnig%2C+John+E%3BLindblade%2C+Kim+A%3BMount%2C+Dwight+L%3BAtieli%2C+Francis+K%3BCrawford%2C+Sara%3BWolkon%2C+Adam%3BHawley%2C+William+A%3BDotson%2C+Ellen+M&rft.aulast=Gimnig&rft.aufirst=John&rft.date=2005-10-01&rft.volume=10&rft.issue=10&rft.spage=1022&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Tropical+medicine+%26+international+health+%3A+TM+%26+IH&rft.issn=13602276&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 2005-10-24 N1 - Date created - 2005-09-27 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Test for the integrity of environmental tractor cab filtration systems. AN - 68623762; 16183625 AB - Cab filtration systems can be used to protect vehicle operators from hazardous air contaminants. In a cab filtration system, a fan draws air through filters and pressurizes the cab with this filtered air. This article describes the application of a low-cost, optical particle counter to evaluate the performance of tractor cab filtration systems. The tractors were equipped with environmental enclosures to protect the operators from pesticide exposures that occur during air blast spraying in orchards. Prior to testing, all environmental tractor cabs underwent a complete maintenance overhaul followed by a careful inspection by the manufacturer's field representative. As part of this maintenance effort, 13 tractors with cab filtration systems were tested in an enclosure. A Met One model 227B two-channel optical particle counter was used to measure the aerosol concentration outside and inside the cab. Ambient aerosol and/or aerosol generated by burning incense sticks were used to challenge the stationary cab filtration system in an enclosure. The ratio of the outside to inside concentration (Co/Ci) is the exposure reduction attained by the cab system. Alternatively, the inside concentration divided by the outside concentration times 100 (Ci/Co x 100) gives the percent penetration. All 13 tractors were tested for leak sites. Leak sites were identified and sealed. This process was repeated until each cab showed an exposure reduction ratio Co/Ci of at least 50 (aerosol penetration into the cab Ci/Co x 100 was less than 2%) at the 0.3-0.5 microm particle size interval. JF - Journal of occupational and environmental hygiene AU - Moyer, Ernest S AU - Heitbrink, William A AU - Jensen, Paul A AD - Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, Division of Respiratory Disease Studies, Laboratory Research Branch, Morgantown, West Virginia 26505, USA. esm2@cdc.gov Y1 - 2005/10// PY - 2005 DA - October 2005 SP - 516 EP - 523 VL - 2 IS - 10 SN - 1545-9624, 1545-9624 KW - Aerosols KW - 0 KW - Vehicle Emissions KW - Index Medicus KW - Filtration KW - Equipment Design KW - Transportation KW - Particle Size KW - Humans KW - Occupational Exposure -- prevention & control KW - Air Pollution, Indoor -- prevention & control UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/68623762?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+occupational+and+environmental+hygiene&rft.atitle=Test+for+the+integrity+of+environmental+tractor+cab+filtration+systems.&rft.au=Moyer%2C+Ernest+S%3BHeitbrink%2C+William+A%3BJensen%2C+Paul+A&rft.aulast=Moyer&rft.aufirst=Ernest&rft.date=2005-10-01&rft.volume=2&rft.issue=10&rft.spage=516&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+occupational+and+environmental+hygiene&rft.issn=15459624&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 2005-12-13 N1 - Date created - 2005-09-26 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Exposure-related health effects of silver and silver compounds: a review. AN - 68609550; 15964881 AB - A critical review of studies examining exposures to the various forms of silver was conducted to determine if some silver species are more toxic than others. The impetus behind conducting this review is that several occupational exposure limits and guidelines exist for silver, but the values for each depend on the form of silver as well as the individual agency making the recommendations. For instance, the American Conference of Governmental Industrial Hygienists has established separate threshold limit values for metallic silver (0.1 mg/m3) and soluble compounds of silver (0.01 mg/m3). On the other hand, the permissible exposure limit (PEL) recommended by the Occupational Safety and Health Administration and the Mine Safety and Health Administration and the recommended exposure limit set by the National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health is 0.01 mg/m3 for all forms of silver. The adverse effects of chronic exposure to silver are a permanent bluish-gray discoloration of the skin (argyria) or eyes (argyrosis). Most studies discuss cases of argyria and argyrosis that have resulted primarily from exposure to the soluble forms of silver. Besides argyria and argyrosis, exposure to soluble silver compounds may produce other toxic effects, including liver and kidney damage, irritation of the eyes, skin, respiratory, and intestinal tract, and changes in blood cells. Metallic silver appears to pose minimal risk to health. The current occupational exposure limits do not reflect the apparent difference in toxicities between soluble and metallic silver; thus, many researchers have recommended that separate PELs be established. JF - The Annals of occupational hygiene AU - Drake, Pamela L AU - Hazelwood, Kyle J AD - National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, Spokane Research Laboratory, 315 E. Montgomery Avenue, Spokane, WA 99207, USA. pdrake@cdc.gov Y1 - 2005/10// PY - 2005 DA - October 2005 SP - 575 EP - 585 VL - 49 IS - 7 SN - 0003-4878, 0003-4878 KW - Silver Compounds KW - 0 KW - Silver KW - 3M4G523W1G KW - Index Medicus KW - United States KW - Solubility KW - Humans KW - Eye Diseases -- chemically induced KW - Respiratory Tract Diseases -- chemically induced KW - Occupational Exposure -- adverse effects KW - Guidelines as Topic KW - Chronic Disease KW - Argyria -- etiology KW - Societies, Medical KW - Occupational Diseases -- chemically induced KW - Silver -- toxicity KW - Silver Compounds -- adverse effects KW - Silver -- metabolism KW - Silver -- adverse effects KW - Silver Compounds -- metabolism KW - Environmental Exposure -- adverse effects KW - Silver Compounds -- toxicity UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/68609550?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Annals+of+occupational+hygiene&rft.atitle=Exposure-related+health+effects+of+silver+and+silver+compounds%3A+a+review.&rft.au=Drake%2C+Pamela+L%3BHazelwood%2C+Kyle+J&rft.aulast=Drake&rft.aufirst=Pamela&rft.date=2005-10-01&rft.volume=49&rft.issue=7&rft.spage=575&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=The+Annals+of+occupational+hygiene&rft.issn=00034878&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 2006-01-31 N1 - Date created - 2005-09-22 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Rapidly progressive coal workers' pneumoconiosis in the United States: geographic clustering and other factors. AN - 68605302; 16169911 AB - Despite significant progress made in reducing dust exposures in underground coal miners in the United States, severe cases of coal workers' pneumoconiosis (CWP), including progressive massive fibrosis (PMF), continue to occur among coal miners. To identify US miners with rapidly progressive CWP and to describe their geographic distribution and associated risk factors. Radiographic evidence of disease progression was evaluated for underground coal miners examined through US federal chest radiograph surveillance programmes from 1996 to 2002. A case of rapidly progressive CWP was defined as the development of PMF and/or an increase in small opacity profusion greater than one subcategory over five years. County based prevalences were derived for both CWP and rapidly progressive cases. A total of 886 cases of CWP were identified among 29 521 miners examined from 1996 to 2002. Among the subset of 783 miners with CWP for whom progression could be evaluated, 277 (35.4%) were cases of rapidly progressive CWP, including 41 with PMF. Miners with rapidly progressive CWP were younger than miners without rapid progression, were more likely to have worked in smaller mines (<50 employees), and also reported longer mean tenure in jobs involving work at the face of the mine (in contrast to other underground mining jobs), but did not differ with respect to mean underground tenure. There was a clear tendency for the proportion of cases of rapidly progressive CWP to be higher in eastern Kentucky, and western Virginia. Cases of rapidly progressive CWP can be regarded as sentinel health events, indicating inadequate prevention measures in specific regions. Such events should prompt investigations to identify causal factors and initiate appropriate additional measures to prevent further disease. JF - Occupational and environmental medicine AU - Antao, V C dos S AU - Petsonk, E L AU - Sokolow, L Z AU - Wolfe, A L AU - Pinheiro, G A AU - Hale, J M AU - Attfield, M D AD - Division of Respiratory Disease Studies, National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Morgantown, WV 26505, USA. VAntao@cdc.gov Y1 - 2005/10// PY - 2005 DA - October 2005 SP - 670 EP - 674 VL - 62 IS - 10 KW - Index Medicus KW - Lung -- diagnostic imaging KW - Humans KW - Adult KW - Disease Progression KW - Middle Aged KW - Radiography KW - Geography KW - United States -- epidemiology KW - Cluster Analysis KW - Male KW - Prevalence KW - Pneumoconiosis -- diagnostic imaging KW - Pneumoconiosis -- epidemiology KW - Coal Mining UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/68605302?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Occupational+and+environmental+medicine&rft.atitle=Rapidly+progressive+coal+workers%27+pneumoconiosis+in+the+United+States%3A+geographic+clustering+and+other+factors.&rft.au=Antao%2C+V+C+dos+S%3BPetsonk%2C+E+L%3BSokolow%2C+L+Z%3BWolfe%2C+A+L%3BPinheiro%2C+G+A%3BHale%2C+J+M%3BAttfield%2C+M+D&rft.aulast=Antao&rft.aufirst=V+C+dos&rft.date=2005-10-01&rft.volume=62&rft.issue=10&rft.spage=670&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Occupational+and+environmental+medicine&rft.issn=1470-7926&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 2005-11-28 N1 - Date created - 2005-09-19 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - SuppNotes - Cited By: J Occup Med. 1986 Aug;28(8):741-5 [3746499] Am Ind Hyg Assoc J. 1992 Aug;53(8):486-92 [1509988] Occup Med. 1993 Jan-Mar;8(1):127-41 [8456344] Am J Ind Med. 1995 Aug;28(2):167-84 [8585515] Lancet. 1981 Dec 5;2(8258):1272-5 [6118680] Chest. 1973 May;63(5):736-43 [4703628] J Soc Occup Med. 1978 Jan;28(1):6-15 [340785] Am Ind Hyg Assoc J. 1979 Oct;40(10):910-5 [525618] Occup Environ Med. 2004 Jun;61(6):477-81 [15150385] N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Identification of oxidation products of solanesol produced during air sampling for tobacco smoke by electrospray mass spectrometry and HPLC. AN - 68600636; 16172668 AB - Solanesol, a 45-carbon, trisesquiterpenoid alcohol found in tobacco leaves and tobacco smoke, has been used as a quantitative marker for tobacco smoke for years. However, solanesol appears to be unreliable as a quantitative marker for tobacco smoke during environmental air sampling because it can be degraded substantially when present as a component of tobacco smoke and by as much as 100% when present as pure solanesol on fortified filters during air sampling. Since there is strong evidence that ozone is the agent responsible for the degradation, solanesol appears to be unreliable as a quantitative marker during indoor air sampling when indoor levels of ozone are greater than about 15 ppb. The degree of loss of pure solanesol is directly proportional to the concentration of ozone and the length of the sampling period and depends on the type of 37 mm membrane filter used for air sampling (PTFE or quartz fiber). While the degree of loss of solanesol is inversely proportional to the relative humidity of the air at a sampling rate of 1.7 L min(-1), the degree of loss is virtually independent of relative humidity at a lower sampling rate; i.e., 0.25 L min(-1). A curve of loss of solanesol on a filter versus concentration of ozone from an ozone generator is virtually identical to a curve segment based on atmospheric ozone under the same conditions of air sampling. Oxidation of solanesol by ozone to approximately 25 to 60% completion produces at least three series of products for a total of at least 26 compounds: (1) isoprenoid acetones, (2)omega-hydroxyisoprenoid acetaldehydes, and (3) isoprenoid oxoaldehydes. All products in each series were tentatively identified as their derivatives with 2-(p-aminophenyl)ethanol (APE) by electrospray mass spectrometry (ES-MS). Ten ozonation products were detected as their 2,4-dinitrophenylhydrazine derivatives by HPLC at 360 nm: 4-oxopentanal and nine isoprenoid acetones (acetone, 6-methyl-5-hepten-2-one, geranylacetone, farnesylacetone, tetraprenylacetone, geranylfarnesylacetone, farnesylfarnesylacetone, farnesylgeranylgeranylacetone and bombiprenone. JF - The Analyst AU - Tucker, Samuel P AU - Pretty, Jack R AD - National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, Cincinnati, OH 45226, USA. spt1@cdc.gov Y1 - 2005/10// PY - 2005 DA - October 2005 SP - 1414 EP - 1424 VL - 130 IS - 10 SN - 0003-2654, 0003-2654 KW - Air Pollutants KW - 0 KW - Terpenes KW - Tobacco Smoke Pollution KW - Ozone KW - 66H7ZZK23N KW - solanesol KW - FF31XTR2N4 KW - Index Medicus KW - Oxidation-Reduction KW - Ozone -- analysis KW - Humans KW - Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid -- methods KW - Air Pollutants -- analysis KW - Environmental Monitoring -- methods KW - Spectrometry, Mass, Electrospray Ionization -- methods KW - Terpenes -- chemistry KW - Tobacco Smoke Pollution -- analysis UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/68600636?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Analyst&rft.atitle=Identification+of+oxidation+products+of+solanesol+produced+during+air+sampling+for+tobacco+smoke+by+electrospray+mass+spectrometry+and+HPLC.&rft.au=Tucker%2C+Samuel+P%3BPretty%2C+Jack+R&rft.aulast=Tucker&rft.aufirst=Samuel&rft.date=2005-10-01&rft.volume=130&rft.issue=10&rft.spage=1414&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=The+Analyst&rft.issn=00032654&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 2006-02-09 N1 - Date created - 2005-09-20 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - The precision of longitudinal lung function measurements: monitoring and interpretation. AN - 68599379; 16169915 AB - The efficacy of decision making based on longitudinal spirometric measurements depends critically on the precision of the available data, which is determined by the magnitude of the within-person variation. Firstly, to describe and investigate two statistical methods-a pairwise estimate of within-person standard deviation s(p) and the reliability coefficient G-for use in the monitoring of precision of longitudinal measurements of forced expiratory volume in one second (FEV1). Secondly, to investigate the effect of longitudinal data precision on the detectable excess rate of decline in FEV1. The authors "monitored" retrospectively on a yearly basis the magnitude of the within-person variation s(p) and the coefficient G in 11 workplace based spirometric monitoring programmes conducted from 1987 to 2001 on 12 729 workers in various industrial plants. The plant-specific mean values s(p) (range 122-166 ml) and G (range 0.88-0.95), averaged over all years of follow up, correlated well with the plant-specific within-person standard deviation s(r) (range 130-177 ml) estimated from all longitudinal data. The correlations were 0.90 for s(p) and 0.68 for G. The average precision of the longitudinal FEV1 measurements affected the duration of follow up needed to identify a "true" excess rate of decline in FEV1 in an individual. The results show that monitoring of longitudinal spirometry data precision (1) allows that data precision can be improved or maintained at levels that allow individuals with a rapid decline to be identified at an earlier age; and (2) attaches a measure of precision to the data on which decision making is based. JF - Occupational and environmental medicine AU - Hnizdo, E AU - Yu, L AU - Freyder, L AU - Attfield, M AU - Lefante, J AU - Glindmeyer, H W AD - Division of Respiratory Disease Studies, National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, Morgantown, WV 26505, USA. ehnizdo@cdc.gov Y1 - 2005/10// PY - 2005 DA - October 2005 SP - 695 EP - 701 VL - 62 IS - 10 KW - Index Medicus KW - Sensitivity and Specificity KW - Spirometry KW - Humans KW - Longitudinal Studies KW - Forced Expiratory Volume KW - Decision Making KW - Occupational Diseases -- diagnosis KW - Lung Diseases -- diagnosis KW - Occupational Diseases -- physiopathology KW - Lung Diseases -- physiopathology KW - Data Interpretation, Statistical KW - Lung -- physiopathology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/68599379?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Occupational+and+environmental+medicine&rft.atitle=The+precision+of+longitudinal+lung+function+measurements%3A+monitoring+and+interpretation.&rft.au=Hnizdo%2C+E%3BYu%2C+L%3BFreyder%2C+L%3BAttfield%2C+M%3BLefante%2C+J%3BGlindmeyer%2C+H+W&rft.aulast=Hnizdo&rft.aufirst=E&rft.date=2005-10-01&rft.volume=62&rft.issue=10&rft.spage=695&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Occupational+and+environmental+medicine&rft.issn=1470-7926&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 2005-11-28 N1 - Date created - 2005-09-19 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - SuppNotes - Cited By: Am J Respir Crit Care Med. 1999 Dec;160(6):2006-11 [10588621] Eur Respir J. 1997 Mar;10(3):758-63 [9073019] Am J Respir Crit Care Med. 2001 Apr;163(5):1256-76 [11316667] J Occup Environ Med. 2004 Jun;46(6):591-5 [15213522] Eur Respir J. 2004 Jun;23(6):932-46 [15219010] Am J Ind Med. 2004 Aug;46(2):126-35 [15273964] J Chronic Dis. 1973 Sep;26(9):553-60 [4759580] Bull Physiopathol Respir (Nancy). 1974 Sep-Oct;10(5):643-56 [4441757] Am Rev Respir Dis. 1978 Jul;118(1):7-15 [354446] J Chronic Dis. 1981;34(5):191-209 [7240360] Am Rev Respir Dis. 1986 Jun;133(6):974-80 [3717769] Am Rev Respir Dis. 1987 Aug;136(2):449-52 [3619205] Chest. 1987 Nov;92(5):877-82 [3499295] Am Rev Respir Dis. 1987 Nov;136(5):1285-98 [3674589] Eur J Epidemiol. 1987 Dec;3(4):390-8 [3319671] Stat Med. 1988 Jan-Feb;7(1-2):11-8 [3353600] Chest. 1990 Feb;97(2):288-97 [2298052] Stat Med. 1990 Apr;9(4):437-46 [2362980] Eur Respir J. 1992 Apr;5(4):452-62 [1563504] Occup Med. 1993 Apr-Jun;8(2):241-64 [8506504] Occup Med. 1993 Apr-Jun;8(2):353-61 [8506511] Am J Respir Crit Care Med. 1995 Feb;151(2 Pt 1):406-11 [7842199] Am J Respir Crit Care Med. 1995 Feb;151(2 Pt 1):412-22 [7842200] Am J Respir Crit Care Med. 1996 Dec;154(6 Pt 2):S208-11 [8970389] Am J Respir Crit Care Med. 1996 Dec;154(6 Pt 2):S212-6 [8970390] Am J Respir Crit Care Med. 1996 Dec;154(6 Pt 2):S217-22 [8970391] Am J Respir Crit Care Med. 1996 Dec;154(6 Pt 2):S278-84 [8970401] Am J Respir Crit Care Med. 2000 Dec;162(6):2134-8 [11112127] N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - No evidence of a mild form of inhalational Bacillus anthracis infection during a bioterrorism-related inhalational anthrax outbreak in Washington, D.C., in 2001. AN - 68552175; 16142664 AB - The mail-related dispersal of Bacillus anthracis spores in the Washington, D.C., area during October 2001 resulted in 5 confirmed cases of inhalational anthrax. We identified an additional 144 ill persons who were potentially exposed to aerosolized spores and whose symptoms were compatible with early inhalational anthrax but whose clinical course and nonserologic laboratory evaluation revealed no evidence for B. anthracis infection. We hypothesized that early antibiotic use could have decreased the sensitivity of diagnostic tests or that bioterrorism-related inhalational anthrax may include mild disease. Eligible patients included those with illness compatible with early inhalational anthrax who had potential exposure to B. anthracis. Patient serum samples were tested for immunoglobulin G (IgG) antibody against B. anthracis protective antigen (PA) using a sensitive enzyme-linked immunosorbant assay (sensitivity, 97.6%). Of the 144 eligible patients, 66 (46%) had convalescent-phase serum samples available for testing; 29 (44%) worked in an area considered to pose a high risk of exposure to B. anthracis spores. Of the 37 patients who worked in areas that did not meet the definition of high-risk exposure, 23 (62%) worked in United States postal or other government facilities in which exposure was plausible but not documented. None of the 66 patients with convalescent-phase serum samples showed evidence of an anti-PA IgG serologic response to B. anthracis. These data suggest that a mild form of inhalational anthrax did not occur and that surveillance for moderate or severe illness was adequate to identify all inhalational anthrax cases resulting from the Washington, D.C., bioterrorism-related anthrax exposures. JF - Clinical infectious diseases : an official publication of the Infectious Diseases Society of America AU - Baggett, Henry C AU - Rhodes, Julia C AU - Fridkin, Scott K AU - Quinn, Conrad P AU - Hageman, Jeffrey C AU - Friedman, Cindy R AU - Dykewicz, Clare A AU - Semenova, Vera A AU - Romero-Steiner, Sandra AU - Elie, Cheryl M AU - Jernigan, John A AD - Arctic Investigations Program, National Center for Infectious Diseases, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Anchorage, AK, USA. hbaggett@cdc.gov Y1 - 2005/10/01/ PY - 2005 DA - 2005 Oct 01 SP - 991 EP - 997 VL - 41 IS - 7 KW - Index Medicus KW - Serologic Tests KW - Risk Factors KW - Humans KW - Adult KW - District of Columbia -- epidemiology KW - Aged KW - Middle Aged KW - Bacillus anthracis KW - Male KW - Female KW - Anthrax -- diagnosis KW - Anthrax -- epidemiology KW - Inhalation Exposure KW - Disease Outbreaks KW - Bioterrorism UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/68552175?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Clinical+infectious+diseases+%3A+an+official+publication+of+the+Infectious+Diseases+Society+of+America&rft.atitle=No+evidence+of+a+mild+form+of+inhalational+Bacillus+anthracis+infection+during+a+bioterrorism-related+inhalational+anthrax+outbreak+in+Washington%2C+D.C.%2C+in+2001.&rft.au=Baggett%2C+Henry+C%3BRhodes%2C+Julia+C%3BFridkin%2C+Scott+K%3BQuinn%2C+Conrad+P%3BHageman%2C+Jeffrey+C%3BFriedman%2C+Cindy+R%3BDykewicz%2C+Clare+A%3BSemenova%2C+Vera+A%3BRomero-Steiner%2C+Sandra%3BElie%2C+Cheryl+M%3BJernigan%2C+John+A&rft.aulast=Baggett&rft.aufirst=Henry&rft.date=2005-10-01&rft.volume=41&rft.issue=7&rft.spage=991&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Clinical+infectious+diseases+%3A+an+official+publication+of+the+Infectious+Diseases+Society+of+America&rft.issn=1537-6591&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 2006-08-04 N1 - Date created - 2005-09-05 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Combating syphilis and HIV among users of internet chatrooms AN - 37746721; 3275456 AB - The recent resurgence of syphilis among men-who-have-sex-with-men (MSM) and concerns about a potential increase in HIV incidence have sparked public health authorities to search for new approaches to address this converging problem. Epidemiologic investigations suggest that the Internet plays an important role in facilitating syphilis outbreaks. The experience of this pilot will help the public health community learn more about how to reach targeted online audiences, and will contribute toward understanding the role of the Internet in risk reduction strategies aimed at persons who use the Internet to meet sex partners. Reprinted by permission of Taylor & Francis Ltd. JF - Journal of health communication AU - Anderton, John P AU - Valdiserri, Ronald O AD - Center for Disease Control and Prevention Y1 - 2005/10// PY - 2005 DA - Oct 2005 SP - 665 EP - 671 VL - 10 IS - 7 SN - 1081-0730, 1081-0730 KW - Sociology KW - Prevention KW - Epidemiology KW - Audience KW - HIV KW - Internet KW - Public health UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/37746721?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aibss&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+health+communication&rft.atitle=Combating+syphilis+and+HIV+among+users+of+internet+chatrooms&rft.au=Anderton%2C+John+P%3BValdiserri%2C+Ronald+O&rft.aulast=Anderton&rft.aufirst=John&rft.date=2005-10-01&rft.volume=10&rft.issue=7&rft.spage=665&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+health+communication&rft.issn=10810730&rft_id=info:doi/10.1080%2F10810730500269007 LA - English DB - International Bibliography of the Social Sciences (IBSS) N1 - Date revised - 2013-06-12 N1 - Last updated - 2013-09-16 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - 5703 3617 6220; 6813 6518; 10449 5772; 10072; 4357 7894; 1386 11099 DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/10810730500269007 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Subspecies composition and founder contribution of the captive U.S. chimpanzee (Pan troglodytes) population AN - 37740043; 3275233 JF - American journal of primatology AU - Ely, John J AU - Dye, Brent AU - Frels, William I AU - Fritz, Jo AU - Gagneux, Pascal AU - Khun, Henry H AU - Switzer, William M AU - Lee, D Rick AD - Holloman AFB ; Weill Medical College of Cornell University ; BIOQUAL ; Primate Foundation of Arizona ; Arnold and Mabel Beckman Center for Conservation Research ; Center for Disease Control and Prevention Y1 - 2005/10// PY - 2005 DA - Oct 2005 SP - 223 EP - 242 VL - 67 IS - 2 SN - 0275-2565, 0275-2565 KW - Anthropology KW - Biological anthropology KW - Phylogeny KW - Primatology KW - Primate genetics KW - Evolutionary anthropology KW - Primate biology KW - DNA KW - Primates UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/37740043?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aibss&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=American+journal+of+primatology&rft.atitle=Subspecies+composition+and+founder+contribution+of+the+captive+U.S.+chimpanzee+%28Pan+troglodytes%29+population&rft.au=Ely%2C+John+J%3BDye%2C+Brent%3BFrels%2C+William+I%3BFritz%2C+Jo%3BGagneux%2C+Pascal%3BKhun%2C+Henry+H%3BSwitzer%2C+William+M%3BLee%2C+D+Rick&rft.aulast=Ely&rft.aufirst=John&rft.date=2005-10-01&rft.volume=67&rft.issue=2&rft.spage=223&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=American+journal+of+primatology&rft.issn=02752565&rft_id=info:doi/10.1002%2Fajp.20179 LA - English DB - International Bibliography of the Social Sciences (IBSS) N1 - Date revised - 2013-06-12 N1 - Last updated - 2013-09-16 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - 10146 10148 10149 5460 1615 8573 11325; 3254 5460 1615 8573 11325; 9504 4562; 10145 10148 10149 1615 8573 11325; 4563 1608 1077; 10148; 10149; 1608 1077 DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ajp.20179 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - The prevalence of partner violence in a group of HIV-infected men AN - 37706690; 3253410 AB - There is a paucity of literature regarding partner violence among males that identifies the sex and relationship of their partner(s). We studied a convenience sample of 54 HIV-infected men, recruited from HIV/AIDS service organizations. Using a standard questionnaire, we collected data on HIV risk behaviours and self-reports of acts of partner violence and forced sex. Physical violence perpetrated by a primary or a casual partner was reported by 39% and 17% of the sample, respectively. Life-time forced sex by a primary or casual partner was reported by 32% and 15% of the sample, respectively. Forced sex was more commonly reported by participants who were non-white and reported a higher number of primary partners in the previous 12 months. We recommend that health care providers be aware of the high rates of intimate partner violence among men infected or at risk of infection with HIV. Reprinted by permission of Routledge, Taylor & Francis Ltd. JF - AIDS care AU - Shelton, A J AU - Atkinson, J AU - Risser, J.M.H. AU - McCurdy, S A AU - Useche, B AU - Padgett, P M AD - Center for Disease Control ; Center for Health Promotion Research and Development ; University of Texas Y1 - 2005/10// PY - 2005 DA - Oct 2005 SP - 814 EP - 818 VL - 17 IS - 7 SN - 0954-0121, 0954-0121 KW - Sociology KW - Sexuality KW - Masculinity KW - Rape KW - Partners KW - Ethnic minorities KW - Health KW - Empirical research KW - Domestic violence KW - HIV UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/37706690?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aibss&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=AIDS+care&rft.atitle=The+prevalence+of+partner+violence+in+a+group+of+HIV-infected+men&rft.au=Shelton%2C+A+J%3BAtkinson%2C+J%3BRisser%2C+J.M.H.%3BMcCurdy%2C+S+A%3BUseche%2C+B%3BPadgett%2C+P+M&rft.aulast=Shelton&rft.aufirst=A&rft.date=2005-10-01&rft.volume=17&rft.issue=7&rft.spage=814&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=AIDS+care&rft.issn=09540121&rft_id=info:doi/10.1080%2F09540120500100536 LA - English DB - International Bibliography of the Social Sciences (IBSS) N1 - Date revised - 2013-06-12 N1 - Last updated - 2013-09-16 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - 5772; 5703 3617 6220; 7782 5421 6091; 3708 13325; 9234 7615; 4200 10902; 10608; 11579 11538; 4427 8122 DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/09540120500100536 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Hepatitis B, hepatitis C, and HIV in correctional populations: a review of epidemiology and prevention AN - 21044043; 6561551 AB - The 2 million persons incarcerated in US prisons and jails are disproportionately affected by hepatitis B virus (HBV), hepatitis C virus (HCV) and HIV, with prevalences of infection two to ten times higher than in the general population. Infections are largely due to sex- and drug-related risk behaviors practised outside the correctional setting, although transmission of these infections has also been documented inside jails and prisons. Public health strategies to prevent morbidity and mortality from these infections should include hepatitis B vaccination, HCV and HIV testing and counseling, medical management of infected persons, and substance abuse treatment in incarcerated populations. JF - AIDS AU - Weinbaum, C M AU - Sabin, K M AU - Santibanez, S S AD - Division of Viral Hepatitis, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, 1600 Clifton Road, MS G-37, Atlanta, GA 30333, USA, cweinbaum@cdc.gov Y1 - 2005/10// PY - 2005 DA - Oct 2005 SP - S41 EP - S46 VL - 19 SN - 0269-9370, 0269-9370 KW - HIV KW - Immunology Abstracts; Risk Abstracts; Health & Safety Science Abstracts; Virology & AIDS Abstracts KW - Prisons KW - Mortality KW - Acquired immune deficiency syndrome KW - Hepatitis B virus KW - hepatitis B KW - Drug abuse KW - Infection KW - Vaccination KW - Morbidity KW - Public health KW - prisons KW - substance abuse KW - infectious diseases KW - Hepatitis C virus KW - Epidemiology KW - Human immunodeficiency virus KW - Reviews KW - Hepatitis B KW - Hepatitis C KW - F 06905:Vaccines KW - H 11000:Diseases/Injuries/Trauma KW - V 22005:AIDS: Epidemiological aspects KW - R2 23060:Medical and environmental health UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/21044043?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Ariskabstracts&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=AIDS&rft.atitle=Hepatitis+B%2C+hepatitis+C%2C+and+HIV+in+correctional+populations%3A+a+review+of+epidemiology+and+prevention&rft.au=Weinbaum%2C+C+M%3BSabin%2C+K+M%3BSantibanez%2C+S+S&rft.aulast=Weinbaum&rft.aufirst=C&rft.date=2005-10-01&rft.volume=19&rft.issue=&rft.spage=S41&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=AIDS&rft.issn=02699370&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-01-01 N1 - Last updated - 2015-03-25 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Mortality; Prisons; Epidemiology; Reviews; Hepatitis B; Hepatitis C; Infection; Drug abuse; Vaccination; Morbidity; Public health; substance abuse; prisons; infectious diseases; Acquired immune deficiency syndrome; hepatitis B; Hepatitis C virus; Hepatitis B virus; Human immunodeficiency virus ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Leptospirosis among patients presenting with dengue-like illness in Puerto Rico AN - 19875366; 7514434 AB - Leptospirosis is difficult to distinguish from dengue fever without laboratory confirmation. Sporadic cases/clusters of leptospirosis occur in Puerto Rico, but surveillance is passive and laboratory confirmation is rare. We tested for leptospirosis using an IgM ELISA on sera testing negative for dengue virus IgM antibody and conducted a case-control study assessing risk factors for leptospirosis, comparing clinical/laboratory findings between leptospirosis (case-patients) and dengue patients (controls). Among 730 dengue-negative sera, 36 (5%) were positive for leptospirosis. We performed post mortem testing for leptospirosis on 12 available specimens from suspected dengue-related fatalities; 10 (83%) tested positive. Among these 10 fatal cases, pulmonary hemorrhage and renal failure were the most common causes of death. We enrolled 42 case-patients and 84 controls. Jaundice, elevated BUN, hyperbilirubinemia, anemia, and leukocytosis were associated with leptospirosis (p<.01 for all). Male sex, walking in puddles, rural habitation, and owning horses were independently associated with leptospirosis. Epidemiological, clinical, and laboratory criteria may help distinguish leptospirosis from dengue and identify patients who would benefit from early antibiotic treatment. JF - Acta Tropica AU - Bruce, Michael G AU - Sanders, E J AU - Leake, J A D AU - Zaidel, O AU - Bragg, S L AU - Aye, T AU - K A Shutt,C C Deseda AU - Rigau-Perez, J G AU - Tappero, J W AU - Perkins, B A AU - Spiegel, R A AU - Ashford, D A AD - Arctic Investigations Program, National Center for Infectious Diseases, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), 4055 Tudor Centre Drive, Anchorage, Alaska 99508, USA, zwa8@cdc.gov Y1 - 2005/10// PY - 2005 DA - Oct 2005 SP - 36 EP - 46 PB - Elsevier Science B.V., P.O. Box 211 Amsterdam 1000 AE Netherlands, [mailto:nlinfo-f@elsevier.nl], [URL:http://www.elsevier.nl/] VL - 96 IS - 1 SN - 0001-706X, 0001-706X KW - Virology & AIDS Abstracts; Microbiology Abstracts B: Bacteriology KW - Leptospirosis KW - Dengue fever KW - Case-control study KW - Puerto Rico KW - Incidence KW - Zoonosis KW - Dengue virus KW - Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay KW - Leptospira KW - Anemia KW - Walking KW - Renal failure KW - Antibiotics KW - Hemorrhage KW - Leukocytosis KW - Dengue KW - Lung KW - Risk factors KW - Hyperbilirubinemia KW - Puddles KW - Jaundice KW - Immunoglobulin M KW - Sex KW - J 02400:Human Diseases KW - V 22400:Human Diseases UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/19875366?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologyb&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Acta+Tropica&rft.atitle=Leptospirosis+among+patients+presenting+with+dengue-like+illness+in+Puerto+Rico&rft.au=Bruce%2C+Michael+G%3BSanders%2C+E+J%3BLeake%2C+J+A+D%3BZaidel%2C+O%3BBragg%2C+S+L%3BAye%2C+T%3BK+A+Shutt%2CC+C+Deseda%3BRigau-Perez%2C+J+G%3BTappero%2C+J+W%3BPerkins%2C+B+A%3BSpiegel%2C+R+A%3BAshford%2C+D+A&rft.aulast=Bruce&rft.aufirst=Michael&rft.date=2005-10-01&rft.volume=96&rft.issue=1&rft.spage=36&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Acta+Tropica&rft.issn=0001706X&rft_id=info:doi/10.1016%2Fj.actatropica.2005.07.001 LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2007-08-01 N1 - Last updated - 2015-04-01 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay; Leptospirosis; Anemia; Renal failure; Walking; Antibiotics; Hemorrhage; Leukocytosis; Lung; Dengue; Hyperbilirubinemia; Risk factors; Immunoglobulin M; Jaundice; Puddles; Sex; Dengue virus; Leptospira DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.actatropica.2005.07.001 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Myocardial Perfusion after Angioplasty in Patients Suspected of Having Single-Vessel Coronary Artery Disease: Improvement Detected at Rest-Stress First-Pass Perfusion MR Imaging-Initial Experience AN - 19419794; 6529032 AB - PURPOSE: To prospectively assess myocardial perfusion before and after successful intervention in patients suspected of having single-vessel coronary artery disease by using a steady-state free precession (SSFP) perfusion magnetic resonance (MR) imaging sequence. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Local ethics committee approval and informed consent were obtained. Rest-stress perfusion MR imaging studies were performed in 18 patients with coronary artery disease (12 men, six women; mean age, 58.6 years plus or minus 13.6 [standard deviation]; range, 30-79 years) at 1.5 T with a multisection saturation-recovery SSFP sequence and 0.025 mmol gadopentetate dimeglumine per kilogram of body weight. MR studies were performed before (n = 18), several days after (n = 18), and 8 months after (n = 10) coronary intervention. Nine patients underwent percutaneous transluminal coronary angioplasty (PTCA) alone, and nine patients underwent PTCA with stent placement. Myocardial perfusion reserve index (MPRI) was calculated by dividing results of myocardial perfusion at maximal vasodilation by results at rest. The standard for myocardial perfusion was technetium 99m tetrofosmin single photon emission computed tomography. Statistical significance was tested with univariate variance analysis and Student t tests. RESULTS: In the area of the stenosed vessel, MPRI was 1.04 plus or minus 0.24 before treatment and 2.18 plus or minus 0.57 several days afterward (P < .001). In remote areas, MPRI was 2.42 plus or minus 0.44. In the stent group, MPRI increased by 156%, from 0.99 plus or minus 0.20 before stent placement to 2.53 plus or minus 0.53 after (P < .001). Similarly, in the PTCA only group, MPRI increased by 72%, from 1.08 plus or minus 0.27 before PTCA to 1.87 plus or minus 0.39 after (P < .001). At follow-up in patients without recurring chest pain, MPRI was 2.14 plus or minus 0.37 in the area of the treated artery and 2.29 plus or minus 0.47 in remote areas (P = .06). CONCLUSION: The MPRI, derived from rest-stress examinations, can provide information on success of interventional procedures in stenosed coronary arteries. [copy ] RSNA, 2005 JF - Radiology AU - Fenchel, Michael AU - Franow, Andreas AU - Stauder, Norbert I AU - Kramer, Ulrich AU - Helber, Uwe AU - Claussen, Claus D AU - Miller, Stephan AD - Departments of Diagnostic Radiology (M.F., N.I.S., U.K., C.D.C., S.M.) and Internal Medicine, Division of Cardiology (A.F., U.H.), Eberhard-Karls-University Tuebingen, Hoppe-Seyler-Str 3, 72076 Tuebingen, Germany Y1 - 2005/10// PY - 2005 DA - Oct 2005 SP - 67 EP - 74 PB - Radiological Society of North America, 820 Jorie Blvd. Oak Brook Illinois 60523-2251 USA VL - 237 IS - 1 SN - 0033-8419, 0033-8419 KW - Biotechnology and Bioengineering Abstracts KW - Gadopentetate dimeglumine KW - Statistics KW - Perfusion KW - Arteries KW - Magnetic resonance imaging KW - Pain KW - Chest KW - coronary artery KW - Single photon emission computed tomography KW - Standard deviation KW - Body weight KW - Technetium KW - Vasodilation KW - Heart diseases KW - W 30910:Imaging UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/19419794?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Abiotechresearch&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Radiology&rft.atitle=Myocardial+Perfusion+after+Angioplasty+in+Patients+Suspected+of+Having+Single-Vessel+Coronary+Artery+Disease%3A+Improvement+Detected+at+Rest-Stress+First-Pass+Perfusion+MR+Imaging-Initial+Experience&rft.au=Fenchel%2C+Michael%3BFranow%2C+Andreas%3BStauder%2C+Norbert+I%3BKramer%2C+Ulrich%3BHelber%2C+Uwe%3BClaussen%2C+Claus+D%3BMiller%2C+Stephan&rft.aulast=Fenchel&rft.aufirst=Michael&rft.date=2005-10-01&rft.volume=237&rft.issue=1&rft.spage=67&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Radiology&rft.issn=00338419&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2007-07-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Perfusion; Heart diseases; Magnetic resonance imaging; Statistics; Technetium; Gadopentetate dimeglumine; Standard deviation; Single photon emission computed tomography; Body weight; coronary artery; Pain; Arteries; Chest; Vasodilation ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Simultaneous Measurement of 25 Inflammatory Markers and Neurotrophins in Neonatal Dried Blood Spots by Immunoassay with xMAP Technology AN - 19417006; 6502824 AB - BACKGROUND: Inflammatory reactions and other events in early life may be part of the etiology of late-onset diseases, including cerebral palsy, autism, and type 1 diabetes. Most neonatal screening programs for congenital disorders are based on analysis of dried blood spot samples (DBSS), and stored residual DBSS constitute a valuable resource for research into the etiology of these diseases. The small amount of blood available, however, limits the number of analytes that can be determined by traditional immunoassay methodologies. METHODS: We used new multiplexed sandwich immunoassays based on flowmetric Luminex registered xMAP technology to measure inflammatory markers and neutrophins in DBSS. RESULTS: The high-capacity 25-plex multianalyte method measured 23 inflammatory and trophic cytokines, triggering receptor expressed on myeloid cells-1 (TREM-1), and C-reactive protein in two 3.2-mm punches from DBSS. It also measured 26 cytokines and TREM-1 in serum. Standards Recovery in the 25-plex method were 90%-161% (mean, 105%). The low end of the working range for all 25 analytes covered concentrations found in DBSS from healthy newborns. Mean recovery of exogenous analytes added at physiologic concentrations in DBSS models was 174%, mean intra- and interassay CVs were 6.2% and 16%, respectively, and the mean correlation between added and measured analytes was r super(2) = 0.91. In DBSS routinely collected on days 5-7 from 8 newborns with documented inflammatory reactions at birth, the method detected significantly changed concentrations of inflammatory cytokines. Measurements on DBSS stored at -24 degree C for >20 years showed that most cytokines are detectable in equal concentrations over time. CONCLUSIONS: The method can reliably measure 25 inflammatory markers and growth factors in DBSS. It has a large potential for high-capacity analysis of DBSS in epidemiologic case-control studies and, with further refinements, in neonatal screening. JF - Clinical Chemistry AU - Skogstrand, Kristin AU - Thorsen, Poul AU - Noergaard-Pedersen, Bent AU - Schendel, Diana E AU - Soerensen, Line C AU - Hougaard, David M AD - Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Statens Serum Institut, Copenhagen, Denmark. NANEA at Department of Epidemiology and Social Medicine, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark. National Center on Birth Defects and Developmental Disabilities, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA. Department of Pediatrics, Copenhagen University Hospital, Hvidovre, Denmark Y1 - 2005/10// PY - 2005 DA - Oct 2005 SP - 1854 EP - 1866 PB - American Association for Clinical Chemistry, Inc. VL - 51 IS - 10 SN - 0009-9147, 0009-9147 KW - Biotechnology and Bioengineering Abstracts KW - Etiology KW - Neurotrophins KW - Inflammation KW - Diabetes mellitus KW - Paralysis KW - Blood KW - Cytokines KW - Growth factors KW - Neonates KW - Autism KW - Immunoassays KW - C-reactive protein KW - W 30900:Methods UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/19417006?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Abiotechresearch&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Clinical+Chemistry&rft.atitle=Simultaneous+Measurement+of+25+Inflammatory+Markers+and+Neurotrophins+in+Neonatal+Dried+Blood+Spots+by+Immunoassay+with+xMAP+Technology&rft.au=Skogstrand%2C+Kristin%3BThorsen%2C+Poul%3BNoergaard-Pedersen%2C+Bent%3BSchendel%2C+Diana+E%3BSoerensen%2C+Line+C%3BHougaard%2C+David+M&rft.aulast=Skogstrand&rft.aufirst=Kristin&rft.date=2005-10-01&rft.volume=51&rft.issue=10&rft.spage=1854&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Clinical+Chemistry&rft.issn=00099147&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2007-07-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Inflammation; Neonates; Blood; Cytokines; Immunoassays; Etiology; Paralysis; C-reactive protein; Autism; Growth factors; Diabetes mellitus; Neurotrophins ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Quantification of urinary conjugates of bisphenol A, 2,5-dichlorophenol, and 2-hydroxy-4-methoxybenzophenone in humans by online solid phase extraction-high performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry AN - 17657610; 6538537 AB - Urinary concentrations of phenols or their metabolites have been used as biomarkers to assess the prevalence of exposure to these compounds in the general population. Total urinary concentrations, which include both free and conjugated (glucuronide and sulfated) forms of the compounds, are usually reported. From a toxicologic standpoint, the relative concentrations of the free species compared with their conjugated analogs can be important because conjugation may reduce the potential biologic activity of the phenols. In this study, we determined the percentage of glucuronide and sulfate conjugates of three phenolic compounds, bisphenol A (BPA), 2,5-dichlorophenol (2,5-DCP), and 2-hydroxy-4-methoxybenzophenone (benzophenone-3, BP-3) in 30 urine samples collected between 2000 and 2004 from a demographically diverse group of anonymous adult volunteers. We used a sensitive on-line solid phase extraction-isotope dilution-high performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry method. These three phenols were detected frequently in the urine samples tested. Only small percentages of the compounds (9.5% for BPA, and 3% for 2,5-DCP and BP-3) were excreted in their free form. The percentage of the sulfate conjugate was about twice that of the free compound. The glucuronide conjugate was the major metabolite, representing 69.5% (BPA), 89% (2,5-DCP), and 84.6% (BP-3) of the total amount excreted in urine. These results are in agreement with those reported before which suggested that BPA-glucuronide was an important BPA urinary metabolite in humans. To our knowledge, this is the first study describing the distribution of urinary conjugates of BP-3 and 2,5-DCP in humans. JF - Analytical and Bioanalytical Chemistry AU - Ye, X AU - Kuklenyik, Z AU - Needham, L L AU - Calafat, A M AD - Division of Laboratory Sciences, National Center for Environmental Health, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, 4770 Buford Hwy, Mailstop F17, Atlanta, GA 30341, USA, Acalafat@cdc.gov Y1 - 2005/10// PY - 2005 DA - Oct 2005 SP - 638 EP - 644 VL - 383 IS - 4 SN - 1618-2642, 1618-2642 KW - Toxicology Abstracts KW - X 24222:Analytical procedures UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/17657610?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxicologyabstracts&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Analytical+and+Bioanalytical+Chemistry&rft.atitle=Quantification+of+urinary+conjugates+of+bisphenol+A%2C+2%2C5-dichlorophenol%2C+and+2-hydroxy-4-methoxybenzophenone+in+humans+by+online+solid+phase+extraction-high+performance+liquid+chromatography-tandem+mass+spectrometry&rft.au=Ye%2C+X%3BKuklenyik%2C+Z%3BNeedham%2C+L+L%3BCalafat%2C+A+M&rft.aulast=Ye&rft.aufirst=X&rft.date=2005-10-01&rft.volume=383&rft.issue=4&rft.spage=638&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Analytical+and+Bioanalytical+Chemistry&rft.issn=16182642&rft_id=info:doi/10.1007%2Fs00216-005-0019-4 LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2005-12-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00216-005-0019-4 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Enterovirus molecular detection and typing AN - 17654788; 6537323 AB - Cell culture and neutralization have been considered the gold standard for enterovirus detection and identification for more than 50 years, but molecular amplification technologies are rapidly replacing the traditional methods in clinical and public health laboratories. Assays based on reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction or nucleic acid sequence-based amplification may be used to detect enterovirus genome in all types of clinical specimens. More recently, nucleotide sequence has been used as a surrogate for antigenic typing (determination of serotype) by targeting parts of the enterovirus capsid-coding region that contain serotype- specific neutralization epitopes. This review will describe the molecular methods currently being used to diagnose enterovirus infection and disease, starting with the broadest level (family/genus detection) and proceeding through species/serotype identification to genotyping and molecular epidemiology. The commonly used molecular assays are usually more sensitive and more specific than cell culture and antigenic typing. They can reduce the turnaround time for testing of clinical diagnostic specimens to a clinically relevant timeframe and should supplant culture/neutralization as the gold standard in the near future. However, further evaluation and, in particular, more rigorous validation are required before a molecular diagnostic standard can be established. JF - Reviews in Medical Microbiology AU - Oberste AU - Pallansch, MA AD - Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, 1600 Clifton Road NE, Mailstop G-17, Atlanta, GA 30333, USA, soberste@cdc.gov Y1 - 2005/10// PY - 2005 DA - Oct 2005 SP - 163 EP - 171 VL - 16 IS - 4 SN - 0954-139X, 0954-139X KW - Microbiology Abstracts A: Industrial & Applied Microbiology; Virology & AIDS Abstracts KW - A 01114:Viruses KW - V 22022:Virus assay UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/17654788?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologya&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Reviews+in+Medical+Microbiology&rft.atitle=Enterovirus+molecular+detection+and+typing&rft.au=Oberste%3BPallansch%2C+MA&rft.aulast=Oberste&rft.aufirst=&rft.date=2005-10-01&rft.volume=16&rft.issue=4&rft.spage=163&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Reviews+in+Medical+Microbiology&rft.issn=0954139X&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2005-12-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Assessing the Walkability of the Workplace: A New Audit Tool AN - 17649285; 6474155 AB - Walking can be incorporated into most people's daily routines if the process is made convenient by a well-designed built environment. Walkability rarely is assessed in the workplace, where adults spend much of their time. From existing tools, we developed an instrument to audit walkability at a single government agency's facilities, which were located in multiple states. We used a five-point scale to evaluate nine elements of walkability: pedestrian facilities, pedestrian-vehicle conflicts, crosswalks, route maintenance, walkway width, roadway buffer, universal accessibility, aesthetics, and shade. Weighted scores ranged from 20 to 39 (poor), to 40 to 69 (fair), to 70 to 100 (good). Of 79 walking route segments surveyed on 10 agency campuses, 34% were rated poor, 32% fair, and 34% good. Repeat assessment of 20 walking route segments by three independent observers yielded similar scores. Facility planners may find this walkability instrument useful in identifying and eliminating barriers to convenient walking opportunities in workplaces such as office parks and university campuses. JF - American Journal of Health Promotion AU - Dannenberg, AL AU - Cramer, T W AU - Gibson, C J AD - Division of Emergency and Environmental Health Services, National Center for Environmental Health, CDC, 4770 Buford Highway, Mailstop F-30, Atlanta, GA 30341, USA, acd7@cdc.gov Y1 - 2005/10// PY - 2005 DA - Oct 2005 SP - 39 EP - 44 VL - 20 IS - 1 SN - 0890-1171, 0890-1171 KW - Physical Education Index KW - PE 030:Exercise, Health & Physical Fitness UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/17649285?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aphysicaleducation&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=American+Journal+of+Health+Promotion&rft.atitle=Assessing+the+Walkability+of+the+Workplace%3A+A+New+Audit+Tool&rft.au=Dannenberg%2C+AL%3BCramer%2C+T+W%3BGibson%2C+C+J&rft.aulast=Dannenberg&rft.aufirst=AL&rft.date=2005-10-01&rft.volume=20&rft.issue=1&rft.spage=39&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=American+Journal+of+Health+Promotion&rft.issn=08901171&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - Physical Education Index N1 - Date revised - 2005-12-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Urinary tobacco-specific nitrosamines and 4-aminobiphenyl hemoglobin adducts measured in smokers of either regular or light cigarettes AN - 17437147; 6567909 AB - Cigarette brands may differ in their reported yields of "tar" as determined by the Federal Trade Commission smoking-machine method. Brands with relatively lower tar and nicotine yields often are described as light cigarettes. Smokers of light cigarettes generally maintain a nicotine intake comparable to that of smokers of regular cigarettes through compensatory smoking behaviors, but similar data have not been reported for carcinogen biomarkers. In the present study we measured serum cotinine concentrations (a marker of nicotine exposure), urinary levels of 4-(methylnitrosamino)-1-(3-pyridyl)-1-butanol (NNAL, a tobacco-specific nitrosamine [TSNA]), and hemoglobin adducts of 4-aminobiphenyl (4-ABP) in 150 smokers of either regular or light cigarettes. The TSNA and aromatic amines are known carcinogens in tobacco smoke. Multiple regression models were developed for each of the analytes and used to calculate adjusted geometric means. We found no significant differences in the levels of these biomarkers between customary users of light and regular cigarettes. Thus the concentrations of the carcinogen biomarkers NNAL and 4-ABP in the smokers who regularly smoked light cigarettes were essentially the same as those in the smokers who chose regular cigarettes. JF - Nicotine & Tobacco Research AU - Bernert, J T AU - Jain, R B AU - Pirkle, J L AU - Wang, Lanqing AU - Miller, B B AU - Sampson, E J AD - Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, 4770 Buford Highway, NE, Mailstop F-47, Atlanta, GA 30341, USA, jtb2@cdc.gov Y1 - 2005/10// PY - 2005 DA - Oct 2005 SP - 729 EP - 738 VL - 7 IS - 5 SN - 1462-2203, 1462-2203 KW - Toxicology Abstracts KW - Adducts KW - Tar KW - Carcinogens KW - Light effects KW - Hemoglobin KW - Nitrosamines KW - amines KW - Cotinine KW - Nicotine KW - Cigarette smoking KW - Tobacco KW - Aromatics KW - X 24180:Social poisons & drug abuse UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/17437147?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxicologyabstracts&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Nicotine+%26+Tobacco+Research&rft.atitle=Urinary+tobacco-specific+nitrosamines+and+4-aminobiphenyl+hemoglobin+adducts+measured+in+smokers+of+either+regular+or+light+cigarettes&rft.au=Bernert%2C+J+T%3BJain%2C+R+B%3BPirkle%2C+J+L%3BWang%2C+Lanqing%3BMiller%2C+B+B%3BSampson%2C+E+J&rft.aulast=Bernert&rft.aufirst=J&rft.date=2005-10-01&rft.volume=7&rft.issue=5&rft.spage=729&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Nicotine+%26+Tobacco+Research&rft.issn=14622203&rft_id=info:doi/10.1080%2F14622200500259762 LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-01-01 N1 - Last updated - 2015-03-25 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Hemoglobin; Nitrosamines; amines; Cotinine; Nicotine; Adducts; Tar; Cigarette smoking; Tobacco; Carcinogens; Aromatics; Light effects DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/14622200500259762 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Detection of Botulinum Neurotoxin A in a Spiked Milk Sample with Subtype Identification through Toxin Proteomics AN - 17416012; 6538542 AB - Botulinum neurotoxin (BoNT) causes the disease botulism, which can be lethal if untreated. Rapid determination of exposure to BoNT is an important public health goal. Previous work in our laboratory focused on the development of Endopep-MS, a mass spectrometry-based endopeptidase method for detecting and differentiating BoNT in buffer. This method can rapidly determine the presence of BoNT in a sample and differentiate the toxin type of BoNT present but does not yield additional information about the subtype. We now describe here the application of Endopep-MS to detect BoNT A in a spiked milk sample. This work also describes subtype identification achieved through mass spectrometric analysis of the protein toxin itself and does not require the presence of DNA from the toxin-producing bacteria. Tryptic digests of A1 and A2 subtypes of BoNT were analyzed by mass spectrometry, and peptides unique to either the A1 or A2 subtype were subjected to tandem mass spectrometry analysis to confirm their identities. Finally, subtype identification through mass spectrometric analysis was performed on BoNT A isolated from spiked milk. In its entirety, this method would allow for analysis of BoNT with toxin type identification in a few hours and subtype identification within 24 h. JF - Analytical Chemistry (Washington) AU - Kalb AU - Goodnough, M C AU - Malizio, C J AU - Pirkle, J L AU - Barr, J R AD - National Center for Environmental Health/Agency for Toxic Substances and Disease Registry, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, 4770 Buford Highway, NE Atlanta, Georgia 30341-3724, USA Y1 - 2005/10/01/ PY - 2005 DA - 2005 Oct 01 SP - 6140 EP - 6146 VL - 77 IS - 19 SN - 0003-2700, 0003-2700 KW - Biotechnology and Bioengineering Abstracts; Toxicology Abstracts; Bioengineering Abstracts KW - Milk KW - Botulism KW - DNA KW - neurotoxin A KW - proteomics KW - Neurotoxins KW - Toxins KW - Mass spectroscopy KW - Public health KW - endopeptidase KW - X 24120:Food, additives & contaminants KW - X 24171:Microbial KW - X 24222:Analytical procedures KW - W4 330:Biopolymers & Food Biotechnology KW - W 30965:Miscellaneous, Reviews UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/17416012?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Abiotechresearch&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Analytical+Chemistry+%28Washington%29&rft.atitle=Detection+of+Botulinum+Neurotoxin+A+in+a+Spiked+Milk+Sample+with+Subtype+Identification+through+Toxin+Proteomics&rft.au=Kalb%3BGoodnough%2C+M+C%3BMalizio%2C+C+J%3BPirkle%2C+J+L%3BBarr%2C+J+R&rft.aulast=Kalb&rft.aufirst=&rft.date=2005-10-01&rft.volume=77&rft.issue=19&rft.spage=6140&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Analytical+Chemistry+%28Washington%29&rft.issn=00032700&rft_id=info:doi/10.1021%2Fac0511748 LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-07-01 N1 - Last updated - 2015-03-25 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Milk; Botulism; DNA; neurotoxin A; proteomics; Neurotoxins; Mass spectroscopy; Toxins; endopeptidase; Public health DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/ac0511748 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Epidemiology of HIV/AIDS among Asians and Pacific Islanders in the United States AN - 17415758; 6538671 AB - Although the percentage of overall AIDS diagnoses remains low among Asian and Pacific Islanders (APIs) in the United States compared with other racial/ethnic groups, research on API risk behaviors and health status suggest that the low number of AIDS cases may not provide a full picture of the epidemic and issues faced by this understudied and underserved population. Data from national HIV/AIDS surveillance systems and the Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System (BRFSS) were examined to delineate the magnitude and course of the HIV/AIDS epidemic among APIs in the United States. Same-sex sexual activity is the main HIV risk for API men, whereas heterosexual contact is for API women. APIs are significantly less likely to report being tested for HIV despite the fact that a similar proportion of APIs and other racial/ethnic groups reported having HIV risk in the past 12 months. Given the enormous diversity among APIs in the United States it is important to collect detailed demographic information to improve race/ethnicity and HIV risk classification, conduct better behavioral and disease monitoring for informing prevention planning, and addressing cultural, linguistic, economic and legal barriers to HIV prevention among APIs. JF - AIDS Education and Prevention AU - Zaidi, I F AU - Crepaz, N AU - Song, R AU - Wan, C K AU - Lin, L S AU - Hu, D J AU - Sy, F S AD - Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Global AIDS Program, Surveillance and Infrastructure Development Branch, 1600 Clifton Rd., Mailstop E-30, Atlanta, GA, 30333, USA, IZaidi@cdc.gov Y1 - 2005/10// PY - 2005 DA - Oct 2005 SP - 405 EP - 417 VL - 17 IS - 5 SN - 0899-9546, 0899-9546 KW - HIV KW - Honeybees KW - Risk Abstracts; Health & Safety Science Abstracts; Virology & AIDS Abstracts KW - Acquired immune deficiency syndrome KW - Epidemics KW - Sexual behavior KW - Demography KW - USA KW - Education KW - Classification KW - Epidemiology KW - Human immunodeficiency virus KW - Risk factors KW - Apis KW - Economics KW - prevention KW - Language KW - Ethnic groups KW - Races KW - H 11000:Diseases/Injuries/Trauma KW - V 22005:AIDS: Epidemiological aspects KW - R2 23060:Medical and environmental health UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/17415758?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Ariskabstracts&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=AIDS+Education+and+Prevention&rft.atitle=Epidemiology+of+HIV%2FAIDS+among+Asians+and+Pacific+Islanders+in+the+United+States&rft.au=Zaidi%2C+I+F%3BCrepaz%2C+N%3BSong%2C+R%3BWan%2C+C+K%3BLin%2C+L+S%3BHu%2C+D+J%3BSy%2C+F+S&rft.aulast=Zaidi&rft.aufirst=I&rft.date=2005-10-01&rft.volume=17&rft.issue=5&rft.spage=405&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=AIDS+Education+and+Prevention&rft.issn=08999546&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-01-01 N1 - Last updated - 2015-03-25 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Demography; Acquired immune deficiency syndrome; Epidemics; Epidemiology; Classification; Risk factors; Economics; Language; Races; Ethnic groups; Education; prevention; Sexual behavior; Human immunodeficiency virus; Apis; USA ER - TY - JOUR T1 - In Conclusion: The Promise of Comprehensive Cancer Control AN - 17208139; 6884187 AB - The Promise of Comprehensive Cancer Control: Operationally, comprehensive cancer control (CCC) brings together diverse experts and interested partners to review together the cancer experience of their community, to identify key areas in need of improvement, to develop collaborative approaches to address individual and system changes and strategies to meet the needs of the population, and to combine resources - fiscal, relational, and intellectual - to maximize positive outcomes. Specific positive outcomes related to CCC are as follows:Comprehensive cancer plans; A cadre of collaborating partners; Support for the continuum of cancer-related functions and needs; New opportunities to learn and build skills; Coordinated appeals for federal, state, and private resources; Combined strategies to address major system changes that individual programs could not hope to address on their own; andGreater impact than single programs or partners could accomplish alone. A number of factors can at times impede success:: Sustainability; Resources; andCompetition.Continuing the extraordinary progress of the past 5 years will fundamentally alter the trajectory of cancer and the burden of this disease in the United States. The readers are challenged to add their voices, skills, resources, perspectives, connections, and passion to this remarkable effort. JF - Cancer Causes & Control AU - True, Susan AU - Kean, Tom AU - Nolan, Patricia A AU - Haviland, ESue AU - Hohman, Karin AD - Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, 4770 Buford Highway NE, MS K-57, Atlanta, 30341, GA, USA, SMT7@cdc.gov Y1 - 2005/10// PY - 2005 DA - Oct 2005 SP - 79 EP - 88 PB - Springer-Verlag (Heidelberg), Tiergartenstrasse 17 Heidelberg 69121 Germany, [mailto:subscriptions@springer.de], [URL:http://www.springer.de/] VL - 16 SN - 0957-5243, 0957-5243 KW - Sustainability Science Abstracts KW - USA KW - Reviews KW - Sustainable development KW - Cancer KW - M3 1010:Issues in Sustainable Development UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/17208139?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Assamodule&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Cancer+Causes+%26+Control&rft.atitle=In+Conclusion%3A+The+Promise+of+Comprehensive+Cancer+Control&rft.au=True%2C+Susan%3BKean%2C+Tom%3BNolan%2C+Patricia+A%3BHaviland%2C+ESue%3BHohman%2C+Karin&rft.aulast=True&rft.aufirst=Susan&rft.date=2005-10-01&rft.volume=16&rft.issue=&rft.spage=79&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Cancer+Causes+%26+Control&rft.issn=09575243&rft_id=info:doi/10.1007%2Fs10552-005-0491-3 LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-12-01 N1 - Last updated - 2015-03-25 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Reviews; Sustainable development; Cancer; USA DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10552-005-0491-3 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Updated U.S. Public Health Service guidelines for the management of occupational exposures to HIV and recommendations for postexposure prophylaxis. AN - 68649934; 16195697 AB - This report updates U.S. Public Health Service recommendations for the management of health-care personnel (HCP) who have occupational exposure to blood and other body fluids that might contain human immunodeficiency virus (HIV). Although the principles of exposure management remain unchanged, recommended HIV postexposure prophylaxis (PEP) regimens have been changed. This report emphasizes adherence to HIV PEP when it is indicated for an exposure, expert consultation in management of exposures, follow-up of exposed workers to improve adherence to PEP, and monitoring for adverse events, including seroconversion. To ensure timely postexposure management and administration of HIV PEP, clinicians should consider occupational exposures as urgent medical concerns. JF - MMWR. Recommendations and reports : Morbidity and mortality weekly report. Recommendations and reports AU - Panlilio, Adelisa L AU - Cardo, Denise M AU - Grohskopf, Lisa A AU - Heneine, Walid AU - Ross, Clara Sue AU - U.S. Public Health Service AD - Division of Healthcare Quality Promotion, National Center for Infectious Diseases, CDC, 1600 Clifton Rd., NE, MS E-68, Atlanta, Georgia 30333, USA. alp4@cdc.gov ; U.S. Public Health Service Y1 - 2005/09/30/ PY - 2005 DA - 2005 Sep 30 SP - 1 EP - 17 VL - 54 KW - Anti-HIV Agents KW - 0 KW - Index Medicus KW - Drug Therapy, Combination KW - Infectious Disease Transmission, Patient-to-Professional KW - Humans KW - Occupational Exposure KW - Anti-HIV Agents -- therapeutic use KW - HIV Infections -- transmission KW - HIV Infections -- prevention & control UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/68649934?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=MMWR.+Recommendations+and+reports+%3A+Morbidity+and+mortality+weekly+report.+Recommendations+and+reports&rft.atitle=Updated+U.S.+Public+Health+Service+guidelines+for+the+management+of+occupational+exposures+to+HIV+and+recommendations+for+postexposure+prophylaxis.&rft.au=Panlilio%2C+Adelisa+L%3BCardo%2C+Denise+M%3BGrohskopf%2C+Lisa+A%3BHeneine%2C+Walid%3BRoss%2C+Clara+Sue%3BU.S.+Public+Health+Service&rft.aulast=Panlilio&rft.aufirst=Adelisa&rft.date=2005-09-30&rft.volume=54&rft.issue=&rft.spage=1&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=MMWR.+Recommendations+and+reports+%3A+Morbidity+and+mortality+weekly+report.+Recommendations+and+reports&rft.issn=1545-8601&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 2005-10-03 N1 - Date created - 2005-09-30 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Vibrio illnesses after Hurricane Katrina--multiple states, August-September 2005. AN - 68615199; 16177685 AB - Hurricane Katrina made landfall on August 29, 2005, with major impact on the U.S. Gulf Coast. During August 29-September 11, surveillance identified 22 new cases of Vibrio illness with five deaths in persons who had resided in two states. These illnesses were caused by V. vulnificus, V. parahaemolyticus, and nontoxigenic V. cholerae. These organisms are acquired from the environment and are unlikely to cause outbreaks from person-to-person transmission. No cases of toxigenic V. cholerae serogroups O1 or O139, the causative agents of cholera, were identified. This report summarizes the investigation by state and local health departments and CDC, describes three illustrative cases, and provides background information on Vibrio illnesses. Results of the investigation underscore the need for heightened clinical awareness, appropriate culturing of specimens from patients, and empiric treatment of illnesses (particularly those associated with wound infections) caused by Vibrio species. No confirmed cases of illness have been identified with onset after September 5; additional Vibrio cases are under investigation. JF - MMWR. Morbidity and mortality weekly report AU - Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) AD - Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) Y1 - 2005/09/23/ PY - 2005 DA - 2005 Sep 23 SP - 928 EP - 931 VL - 54 IS - 37 KW - Index Medicus KW - Southeastern United States -- epidemiology KW - Humans KW - Middle Aged KW - Wound Infection -- epidemiology KW - Male KW - Female KW - Disasters KW - Disease Outbreaks KW - Vibrio Infections -- epidemiology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/68615199?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=MMWR.+Morbidity+and+mortality+weekly+report&rft.atitle=Vibrio+illnesses+after+Hurricane+Katrina--multiple+states%2C+August-September+2005.&rft.au=Centers+for+Disease+Control+and+Prevention+%28CDC%29&rft.aulast=Centers+for+Disease+Control+and+Prevention+%28CDC%29&rft.aufirst=&rft.date=2005-09-23&rft.volume=54&rft.issue=37&rft.spage=928&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=MMWR.+Morbidity+and+mortality+weekly+report&rft.issn=1545-861X&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 2005-09-26 N1 - Date created - 2005-09-22 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - HIV transmission in the adult film industry--Los Angeles, California, 2004. AN - 68613838; 16177683 AB - In April 2004, the Los Angeles County Department of Health Services (LACDHS) received reports of work-related exposure to human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) in the heterosexual segment of the adult film industry in California. This report summarizes an investigation by LACDHS into four work-related HIV-transmission cases among adult film industry workers. The investigation was initiated April 20, 2004, and joined by the California Department of Industrial Relations, Division of Occupational Safety and Health (Cal/OSHA) on April 21, 2004, and by CDC on May 18, 2004. This investigation identified important and remediable gaps in the prevention of HIV and other sexually transmitted diseases (STDs) in the adult film industry. JF - MMWR. Morbidity and mortality weekly report AU - Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) AD - Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) Y1 - 2005/09/23/ PY - 2005 DA - 2005 Sep 23 SP - 923 EP - 926 VL - 54 IS - 37 KW - Index Medicus KW - Humans KW - Adult KW - Male KW - Los Angeles KW - Female KW - Occupational Exposure -- prevention & control KW - HIV Infections -- transmission KW - Motion Pictures as Topic KW - HIV Infections -- prevention & control UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/68613838?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=MMWR.+Morbidity+and+mortality+weekly+report&rft.atitle=HIV+transmission+in+the+adult+film+industry--Los+Angeles%2C+California%2C+2004.&rft.au=Centers+for+Disease+Control+and+Prevention+%28CDC%29&rft.aulast=Centers+for+Disease+Control+and+Prevention+%28CDC%29&rft.aufirst=&rft.date=2005-09-23&rft.volume=54&rft.issue=37&rft.spage=923&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=MMWR.+Morbidity+and+mortality+weekly+report&rft.issn=1545-861X&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 2005-09-26 N1 - Date created - 2005-09-22 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Improper disposal of hazardous substances and resulting injuries--selected States, January 2001-March 2005. AN - 68584566; 16163263 AB - Many consumer and industrial products, including fuels, solvents, fertilizers, pesticides, paints, and household cleaning disinfectants, contain hazardous substances. Improper disposal of these materials can lead to unexpected releases of toxins that are hazardous to humans and harmful to the environment. This report summarizes all known events involving improper disposal of hazardous substances reported to the Agency for Toxic Substances and Disease Registry (ATSDR) during January 2001-March 2005, describes four illustrative case reports, and provides recommendations for preventing injury resulting from improper disposal. JF - MMWR. Morbidity and mortality weekly report AU - Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) AD - Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) Y1 - 2005/09/16/ PY - 2005 DA - 2005 Sep 16 SP - 897 EP - 899 VL - 54 IS - 36 KW - Hazardous Substances KW - 0 KW - Hazardous Waste KW - Radioactive Waste KW - Hydrochloric Acid KW - QTT17582CB KW - Index Medicus KW - New York KW - Washington KW - Burns, Chemical -- etiology KW - Humans KW - Poisoning -- epidemiology KW - Poisoning -- etiology KW - Wisconsin KW - Colorado KW - Burns, Chemical -- epidemiology KW - Occupational Exposure -- statistics & numerical data KW - Hazardous Waste -- adverse effects KW - Hydrochloric Acid -- toxicity KW - Refuse Disposal KW - Radioactive Waste -- adverse effects KW - Hazardous Substances -- toxicity KW - Accidents -- statistics & numerical data UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/68584566?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=MMWR.+Morbidity+and+mortality+weekly+report&rft.atitle=Improper+disposal+of+hazardous+substances+and+resulting+injuries--selected+States%2C+January+2001-March+2005.&rft.au=Centers+for+Disease+Control+and+Prevention+%28CDC%29&rft.aulast=Centers+for+Disease+Control+and+Prevention+%28CDC%29&rft.aufirst=&rft.date=2005-09-16&rft.volume=54&rft.issue=36&rft.spage=897&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=MMWR.+Morbidity+and+mortality+weekly+report&rft.issn=1545-861X&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 2005-09-20 N1 - Date created - 2005-09-15 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Gas-phase chemistry of (alpha-terpineol with ozone and OH radical: rate constants and products. AN - 68655550; 16201614 AB - A bimolecular rate constant, kOH+alpha-terpineol, of (1.9 +/- 0.5) x 10(-10) cm3 molecule(-1) s(-1) was measured using gas chromatography/mass spectrometry and the relative rate technique for the reaction of the hydroxyl radical (OH) with alpha-terpineol (1-methyl-4-isopropyl-1-cyclohexen-8-ol) at (297 +/- 3) K and 1 atm total pressure. Additionally, a bimolecular rate constant, kO3+alpha-terpineol, of (3.0 +/- 0.2) x 10(-16) cm3 molecule(-1) s(-1) was measured by monitoring the first order decrease in ozone concentration as a function of excess alpha-terpineol. To better understand alpha-terpineol's gas-phase transformation in the indoor environment, the products of the alpha-terpineol + OH and alpha-terpineol + 03 reactions were also investigated. The positively identified alpha-terpineol/OH reaction products were acetone, ethanedial (glyoxal, HC(=O)C(=O)H), and 2-oxopropanal (methyl glyoxal, CH3C(=O)C(=O)H). The positively identified alpha-terpineol/O3 reaction product was 2-oxopropanal (methyl glyoxal, CH3C(=O)C(=O)H). The use of derivatizing agents O-(2,3,4,5,6-pentalfluorobenzyl)hydroxylamine (PFBHA) and N,O-bis(trimethylsilyl)trifluoroacetamide (BSTFA) clearly indicated that several other reaction products were formed. The elucidation of these other reaction products was facilitated by mass spectrometry of the derivatized reaction products coupled with plausible alpha-terpineol/OH and alpha-terpineol/O3 reaction mechanisms based on previously published volatile organic compound/ OH and volatile organic compound/O3 gas-phase reaction mechanisms. JF - Environmental science & technology AU - Wells, J R AD - Exposure Assessment Branch, Health Effects Laboratory Division, National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, 1095 Willowdale Road, Morgantown, West Virginia 26505, USA. ozw0@cdc.gov Y1 - 2005/09/15/ PY - 2005 DA - 2005 Sep 15 SP - 6937 EP - 6943 VL - 39 IS - 18 SN - 0013-936X, 0013-936X KW - Air Pollutants KW - 0 KW - Cyclohexenes KW - Hydroxides KW - Hydroxylamines KW - Inorganic Chemicals KW - Monoterpenes KW - Oxidants KW - Oximes KW - Trimethylsilyl Compounds KW - alpha-terpineol KW - 21334LVV8W KW - Hydroxyl Radical KW - 3352-57-6 KW - Florox Reagent KW - 57981-02-9 KW - N,N-bis(trimethylsilyl)-2,2,2-trifluoroacetamide KW - 5T8NA426KZ KW - Ozone KW - 66H7ZZK23N KW - Pyruvaldehyde KW - 722KLD7415 KW - Hydrogen KW - 7YNJ3PO35Z KW - hydroxide ion KW - 9159UV381P KW - Index Medicus KW - United States KW - Pyruvaldehyde -- chemistry KW - Hydroxylamines -- analysis KW - Hydroxides -- analysis KW - Temperature KW - Trimethylsilyl Compounds -- analysis KW - Kinetics KW - Oximes -- analysis KW - Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry KW - Models, Chemical KW - Oxidants -- analysis KW - Pressure KW - Time Factors KW - Hydrogen -- analysis KW - Monoterpenes -- chemistry KW - Hydroxyl Radical -- analysis KW - Ozone -- chemistry KW - Environmental Monitoring -- methods UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/68655550?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Environmental+science+%26+technology&rft.atitle=Gas-phase+chemistry+of+%28alpha-terpineol+with+ozone+and+OH+radical%3A+rate+constants+and+products.&rft.au=Wells%2C+J+R&rft.aulast=Wells&rft.aufirst=J&rft.date=2005-09-15&rft.volume=39&rft.issue=18&rft.spage=6937&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Environmental+science+%26+technology&rft.issn=0013936X&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 2005-12-12 N1 - Date created - 2005-10-05 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - CPAPER T1 - Access to Health-Care and Preventive Services Among Hispanics and Non-Hispanics - United States, 2001-2002 T2 - 17th Conference of the International Society for Environmental Epidemiology (ISEE 2005) AN - 39674245; 4025630 JF - 17th Conference of the International Society for Environmental Epidemiology (ISEE 2005) AU - Balluz, L AU - Okoro, C AU - Strine, T Y1 - 2005/09/13/ PY - 2005 DA - 2005 Sep 13 KW - USA KW - U 2000:Biological Sciences UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/39674245?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Acpi&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=conference&rft.jtitle=17th+Conference+of+the+International+Society+for+Environmental+Epidemiology+%28ISEE+2005%29&rft.atitle=Access+to+Health-Care+and+Preventive+Services+Among+Hispanics+and+Non-Hispanics+-+United+States%2C+2001-2002&rft.au=Balluz%2C+L%3BOkoro%2C+C%3BStrine%2C+T&rft.aulast=Balluz&rft.aufirst=L&rft.date=2005-09-13&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=17th+Conference+of+the+International+Society+for+Environmental+Epidemiology+%28ISEE+2005%29&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ L2 - http://www.epidem.com/pt/re/epidemiology/currenttoc.htm LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2008-05-21 N1 - Last updated - 2010-05-03 ER - TY - CPAPER T1 - An International Inititiave on Longitudinal Cohort Studies (LCS) on Children's Environmental Health T2 - 17th Conference of the International Society for Environmental Epidemiology (ISEE 2005) AN - 39650261; 4025875 JF - 17th Conference of the International Society for Environmental Epidemiology (ISEE 2005) AU - Correa, A AU - DeWet, T AU - Proczuk, J AU - Krotoski, D Y1 - 2005/09/13/ PY - 2005 DA - 2005 Sep 13 KW - Environmental health KW - Children KW - U 2000:Biological Sciences UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/39650261?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Acpi&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=conference&rft.jtitle=17th+Conference+of+the+International+Society+for+Environmental+Epidemiology+%28ISEE+2005%29&rft.atitle=An+International+Inititiave+on+Longitudinal+Cohort+Studies+%28LCS%29+on+Children%27s+Environmental+Health&rft.au=Correa%2C+A%3BDeWet%2C+T%3BProczuk%2C+J%3BKrotoski%2C+D&rft.aulast=Correa&rft.aufirst=A&rft.date=2005-09-13&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=17th+Conference+of+the+International+Society+for+Environmental+Epidemiology+%28ISEE+2005%29&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ L2 - http://www.epidem.com/pt/re/epidemiology/currenttoc.htm LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2008-05-21 N1 - Last updated - 2010-05-03 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Unintentional deaths from drug poisoning by urbanization of area--New Mexico, 1994-2003. AN - 68562485; 16151371 AB - New Mexico experienced an increase in poisoning deaths during the 1990s and in 2002 was the state with the highest death rate (14.1 per 100,000 population) from unintentional poisoning, more than twice the national rate (6.1). The majority of these unintentional poisoning deaths were caused by ingestion of drugs, including illicit, prescription, and over-the-counter drugs. New Mexico is geographically diverse, with communities ranging from urban centers to sparsely populated counties. To examine the relationship between the types of drugs causing poisoning deaths and the levels of urbanization where the decedents resided, the New Mexico Department of Health analyzed data provided by the New Mexico Office of the Medical Investigator (OMI) for 1994-2003. All counties in New Mexico were classified as metropolitan or micropolitan statistical areas, or as nonstatistical areas, by using 2001-2002 population estimates in accordance with 2003 Office of Management and Budget (OMB) classifications. This report summarizes the results of that analysis, which indicated that deaths from illicit-drug poisoning were twice as likely to occur in metropolitan areas as nonmetropolitan areas (i.e., micropolitan and nonstatistical areas combined). However, deaths from prescription-drug poisoning were most likely to occur in micropolitan and nonstatistical areas. Investigation of drug-poisoning deaths by level of urbanization can be useful to public health programs to prevent unintentional drug-poisoning deaths. JF - MMWR. Morbidity and mortality weekly report AU - Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) AD - Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) Y1 - 2005/09/09/ PY - 2005 DA - 2005 Sep 09 SP - 870 EP - 873 VL - 54 IS - 35 KW - Pharmaceutical Preparations KW - 0 KW - Street Drugs KW - Index Medicus KW - New Mexico -- epidemiology KW - Humans KW - Substance-Related Disorders -- mortality KW - Male KW - Female KW - Urbanization KW - Poisoning -- mortality UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/68562485?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=MMWR.+Morbidity+and+mortality+weekly+report&rft.atitle=Unintentional+deaths+from+drug+poisoning+by+urbanization+of+area--New+Mexico%2C+1994-2003.&rft.au=Centers+for+Disease+Control+and+Prevention+%28CDC%29&rft.aulast=Centers+for+Disease+Control+and+Prevention+%28CDC%29&rft.aufirst=&rft.date=2005-09-09&rft.volume=54&rft.issue=35&rft.spage=870&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=MMWR.+Morbidity+and+mortality+weekly+report&rft.issn=1545-861X&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 2005-09-12 N1 - Date created - 2005-09-09 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Heat shock protein 70 as an indicator of early lung injury caused by exposure to arsenic AN - 867743555; 13862548 AB - Heat shock proteins (HSPs) are a family of highly conserved proteins that are induced by a number of stresses including toxic metals. Heat shock proteins expression has been reported to be an early and sensitive biomarker of cell stress. Arsenic is a naturally occurring metal that exists widely in the environment and is used in several industries. Exposure to arsenic is associated with the development of pulmonary cancers. We monitored changes in Hsp70 and markers of oxidative injury induced by arsenic in human pulmonary epithelial cells (BEAS-2B). Hsp70 protein, mRNA and reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation were measured after exposing cells to arsenic as markers of injury. Hsp70 protein expression showed significant 7.9-fold and 31.5-fold increase using Western blotting and ELISA assay, respectively, at a 50 kM As(III) with a 12 h exposure and an 12 h recovery time. Hsp70A and Hsp70B mRNA expression showed a two-fold increase and Hsp70C mRNA expression showed a six-fold increase. As(III)-induced Hsp70 protein expression was inhibited significantly by catalase and NAC, indicating mediation of ROS in Hsp70 expression. Intracellular glutathione (GSH) was significantly depleted by As(III) exposure. Lipid peroxidation by-product, 8-isoprostane, was increased six-fold at 24 h exposure to 20 kM As(III). Electron spin resonance and confocal microscope studies also showed As(III)-stimulated ROS generation. These results suggest that cellular injury by arsenic is mediated through ROS generation resulting in the expression of Hsp70. It is possible that Hsp70 may prove to be a sensitive biomarker for arsenic exposure with other markers of oxidative stress in human serum. JF - Molecular and Cellular Biochemistry AU - Han, Sung Gu AU - Castranova, Vince AU - Vallyathan, Val AD - Pathology and Physiology Research Branch, National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, 1095 Willowdale Road, Morgantown, West Virginia, 26505, USA, vav1@cdc.gov Y1 - 2005/09// PY - 2005 DA - Sep 2005 SP - 153 EP - 164 PB - Springer-Verlag, Tiergartenstrasse 17 Heidelberg 69121 Germany VL - 277 IS - 1-2 SN - 0300-8177, 0300-8177 KW - Toxicology Abstracts KW - Western blotting KW - Epithelial cells KW - Metals KW - Heat shock proteins KW - Arsenic KW - Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay KW - Injuries KW - Glutathione KW - Microscopes KW - biomarkers KW - Catalase KW - Cancer KW - Lipid peroxidation KW - Gene expression KW - Reactive oxygen species KW - Hsp70 protein KW - Oxidative stress KW - Lung KW - Acetylcysteine KW - X 24360:Metals UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/867743555?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxicologyabstracts&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Molecular+and+Cellular+Biochemistry&rft.atitle=Heat+shock+protein+70+as+an+indicator+of+early+lung+injury+caused+by+exposure+to+arsenic&rft.au=Han%2C+Sung+Gu%3BCastranova%2C+Vince%3BVallyathan%2C+Val&rft.aulast=Han&rft.aufirst=Sung&rft.date=2005-09-01&rft.volume=277&rft.issue=1-2&rft.spage=153&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Molecular+and+Cellular+Biochemistry&rft.issn=03008177&rft_id=info:doi/10.1007%2Fs11010-005-5874-y LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2011-05-01 N1 - Last updated - 2012-03-29 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Metals; Epithelial cells; Western blotting; Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay; Arsenic; Heat shock proteins; Injuries; Glutathione; Microscopes; biomarkers; Lipid peroxidation; Cancer; Catalase; Gene expression; Hsp70 protein; Reactive oxygen species; Lung; Oxidative stress; Acetylcysteine DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11010-005-5874-y ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Modeling of Diffusion with Partitioning in Stratum Corneum Using a Finite Element Model AN - 831177843; 13867108 AB - Partitioning and diffusion of chemicals in skin is of interest to researchers in areas such as transdermal penetration and drug disposition, either for risk assessment or transdermal delivery. In this study a finite element method is used to model diffusion in the skin's outermost layer, the stratum corneum (SC). The SC is considered to be a finite two-dimensional composite having different diffusivity values in each medium as well as a partition coefficient at the interfaces between media. A commercial finite element package with thermal analysis capabilities is selected due to the flexibility of this software to handle irregular geometries. Partitioning is accommodated through a change of variables technique. This technique is validated by comparison of model results with analytical solutions of steady-state flux, transient concentration profiles, and time lag for diffusion in laminates. Two applications are presented. Diffusion is solved in a two-dimensional "brick and mortar" geometry that is a simplification of human stratum corneum, with a partition coefficient between corneocyte and lipid. Results are compared to the diffusion in multiple laminates to examine effects of the partition coefficient. The second application is the modeling of diffusion with partitioning through an irregular geometry which is obtained from a micrograph of hairless mouse stratum corneum. JF - Annals of Biomedical Engineering AU - Barbero, Ana M AU - Frasch, H F AD - Health Effects Laboratory Division, National Institute for Occupational Safety and Heath, 1095 Willowdale Road, MS L-3030, Morgantown, West Virginia, 26505, hfrasch@cdc.gov Y1 - 2005/09// PY - 2005 DA - Sep 2005 SP - 1281 EP - 1292 PB - Springer-Verlag, Tiergartenstrasse 17 Heidelberg 69121 Germany VL - 33 IS - 9 SN - 0090-6964, 0090-6964 KW - Biotechnology and Bioengineering Abstracts KW - Risk assessment KW - Drug delivery KW - Skin KW - Mathematical models KW - Stratum corneum KW - Lipids KW - Disposition KW - Computer programs KW - software KW - Diffusion KW - Hairless KW - Drugs KW - W 30960:Bioinformatics & Computer Applications UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/831177843?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Abiotechresearch&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Annals+of+Biomedical+Engineering&rft.atitle=Modeling+of+Diffusion+with+Partitioning+in+Stratum+Corneum+Using+a+Finite+Element+Model&rft.au=Barbero%2C+Ana+M%3BFrasch%2C+H+F&rft.aulast=Barbero&rft.aufirst=Ana&rft.date=2005-09-01&rft.volume=33&rft.issue=9&rft.spage=1281&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Annals+of+Biomedical+Engineering&rft.issn=00906964&rft_id=info:doi/10.1007%2Fs10439-005-5591-4 LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2012-03-01 N1 - Last updated - 2015-03-19 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Risk assessment; Drug delivery; Computer programs; software; Mathematical models; Skin; Stratum corneum; Lipids; Disposition; Hairless; Diffusion; Drugs DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10439-005-5591-4 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Recommendations for trauma centers to improve screening, brief intervention, and referral to treatment for substance use disorders. AN - 68895549; 16355060 JF - The Journal of trauma AU - Hungerford, Daniel W AD - Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA 30341, USA. dyh5@cdc.gov Y1 - 2005/09// PY - 2005 DA - September 2005 SP - S37 EP - S42 VL - 59 IS - 3 Suppl SN - 0022-5282, 0022-5282 KW - Abridged Index Medicus KW - Index Medicus KW - Mass Screening KW - Insurance, Health -- economics KW - Trauma Centers KW - Risk Factors KW - Humans KW - Health Planning Guidelines KW - Research Support as Topic -- economics KW - Insurance, Health -- legislation & jurisprudence KW - Substance-Related Disorders -- therapy KW - Substance-Related Disorders -- diagnosis KW - Risk Reduction Behavior KW - Counseling -- economics KW - Referral and Consultation KW - Substance-Related Disorders -- economics KW - Counseling -- methods KW - Substance-Related Disorders -- psychology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/68895549?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Journal+of+trauma&rft.atitle=Recommendations+for+trauma+centers+to+improve+screening%2C+brief+intervention%2C+and+referral+to+treatment+for+substance+use+disorders.&rft.au=Hungerford%2C+Daniel+W&rft.aulast=Hungerford&rft.aufirst=Daniel&rft.date=2005-09-01&rft.volume=59&rft.issue=3+Suppl&rft.spage=S37&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=The+Journal+of+trauma&rft.issn=00225282&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 2006-03-03 N1 - Date created - 2005-12-15 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Computerized physician order entry systems: the coming of age for outpatient medicine. AN - 68610453; 16173835 JF - PLoS medicine AU - Davis, Robert L AD - Center for Health Studies, Group Health Cooperative, Seattle, Washington, USA. rad2@cdc.gov Y1 - 2005/09// PY - 2005 DA - September 2005 SP - 1 VL - 2 IS - 9 KW - Index Medicus KW - Practice Patterns, Physicians' KW - Drug Interactions KW - Clinical Pharmacy Information Systems KW - Humans KW - Reminder Systems KW - Decision Support Systems, Clinical KW - Drug Utilization KW - Medical Order Entry Systems KW - Medical Errors -- prevention & control KW - Ambulatory Care UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/68610453?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=PLoS+medicine&rft.atitle=Computerized+physician+order+entry+systems%3A+the+coming+of+age+for+outpatient+medicine.&rft.au=Davis%2C+Robert+L&rft.aulast=Davis&rft.aufirst=Robert&rft.date=2005-09-01&rft.volume=2&rft.issue=9&rft.spage=e290&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=PLoS+medicine&rft.issn=1549-1676&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 2006-08-18 N1 - Date created - 2005-09-21 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - SuppNotes - Cited By: J Am Med Inform Assoc. 2001 Jul-Aug;8(4):299-308 [11418536] PLoS Med. 2005 Sep;2(9):e255 [16128621] Comment On: PLoS Med. 2005 Sep;2(9):e255 [16128621] N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Efficacy of trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole compared with sulfadoxine-pyrimethamine plus erythromycin for the treatment of uncomplicated malaria in children with integrated management of childhood illness dual classifications of malaria and pneumonia. AN - 68602712; 16172491 AB - In Malawi, trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole (TS) is the recommended first-line treatment for children with Integrated Management of Childhood Illness dual classifications of malaria and pneumonia, and sulfadoxine-pyrimethyamine (SP) plus five days of treatment with erythromycin (SP plus E) is the recommended second-line treatment. Using a 14-day, modified World Health Organization protocol, children with dual IMCI classifications of malaria and pneumonia with Plasmodium falciparum parasitemia were randomized to receive TS or SP plus E. Clinical and parasitologic responses and gametocytemia prevalence were obtained. A total of 87.2% of children receiving TS and 80.0% receiving SP plus E reached adequate clinical and parasitologic responses (ACPRs) (P = 0.19). Severely malnourished children were less likely to achieve ACPRs than those better nourished (relative risk = 3.34, P = 0.03). Day 7 gametocyte prevalence was 55% and 64% among children receiving TS and SP plus E, respectively (P = 0.19). Thus, TS and SP plus E remain efficacious treatment of P. falciparum malaria in this setting. However, patient adherence and effectiveness of five days of treatment with TS is unknown. JF - The American journal of tropical medicine and hygiene AU - Hamel, Mary J AU - Holtz, Timothy AU - Mkandala, Christopher AU - Kaimila, Nyokase AU - Chizani, Nyson AU - Bloland, Peter AU - Kublin, James AU - Kazembe, Peter AU - Steketee, Richard AD - Malaria Epidemiology Branch, Division of Parasitic Diseases, National Center for Infectious Diseases and the National Center for HIV, STD, and TB Prevention, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA 30333, USA. mhamel@ke.cdc.gov Y1 - 2005/09// PY - 2005 DA - September 2005 SP - 609 EP - 615 VL - 73 IS - 3 SN - 0002-9637, 0002-9637 KW - Anti-Infective Agents KW - 0 KW - Drug Combinations KW - fanasil, pyrimethamine drug combination KW - 37338-39-9 KW - Erythromycin KW - 63937KV33D KW - Trimethoprim, Sulfamethoxazole Drug Combination KW - 8064-90-2 KW - Sulfadoxine KW - 88463U4SM5 KW - Pyrimethamine KW - Z3614QOX8W KW - Abridged Index Medicus KW - Index Medicus KW - Nutritional Status KW - Infant KW - Anti-Infective Agents -- therapeutic use KW - Treatment Failure KW - Risk Factors KW - Humans KW - Malawi KW - Child, Preschool KW - Pyrimethamine -- therapeutic use KW - Malaria -- drug therapy KW - Pyrimethamine -- adverse effects KW - Pneumonia, Bacterial -- drug therapy KW - Sulfadoxine -- therapeutic use KW - Erythromycin -- therapeutic use KW - Trimethoprim, Sulfamethoxazole Drug Combination -- therapeutic use KW - Erythromycin -- adverse effects KW - Sulfadoxine -- adverse effects KW - Trimethoprim, Sulfamethoxazole Drug Combination -- adverse effects UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/68602712?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+American+journal+of+tropical+medicine+and+hygiene&rft.atitle=Efficacy+of+trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole+compared+with+sulfadoxine-pyrimethamine+plus+erythromycin+for+the+treatment+of+uncomplicated+malaria+in+children+with+integrated+management+of+childhood+illness+dual+classifications+of+malaria+and+pneumonia.&rft.au=Hamel%2C+Mary+J%3BHoltz%2C+Timothy%3BMkandala%2C+Christopher%3BKaimila%2C+Nyokase%3BChizani%2C+Nyson%3BBloland%2C+Peter%3BKublin%2C+James%3BKazembe%2C+Peter%3BSteketee%2C+Richard&rft.aulast=Hamel&rft.aufirst=Mary&rft.date=2005-09-01&rft.volume=73&rft.issue=3&rft.spage=609&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=The+American+journal+of+tropical+medicine+and+hygiene&rft.issn=00029637&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 2005-11-07 N1 - Date created - 2005-09-20 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Molecular surveillance of shiga toxigenic Escherichia coli O157 by PulseNet USA. AN - 68580732; 16161697 AB - PulseNet USA is the national molecular subtyping network system for foodborne disease surveillance. Sixty-four public health and food regulatory laboratories participate in PulseNet USA and routinely perform pulsed-field gel electrophoresis of Shiga toxigenic Escherichia coli isolated from humans, food, water, and the environment on a real-time basis. Clusters of infection are detected in three ways within this system: through rapidly alerting the participants in the electronic communication forum, the PulseNet Web conference; through cluster analysis by the database administrators at the coordinating center at the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention of the patterns uploaded to the central server by the participants; and by matching profiles of strains from nonhuman sources with recent human uploads to the national server. The strengths, limitations, and scope for future improvements of PulseNet are discussed with examples from 2002. In that year, notices of 30 clusters of Shiga toxigenic E. coli O157 infections were posted on the Web conference, 26 of which represented local outbreaks, whereas four were multistate outbreaks. Another 27 clusters were detected by central cluster detection performed at the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, of which five represented common source outbreaks confirmed after finding an isolate with the outbreak pattern in the implicated food. Ten food isolates submitted without suspicion of an association to human disease matched human isolates in the database, and an epidemiologic link to human cases was established for six of them. JF - Journal of food protection AU - Gerner-Smidt, Peter AU - Kincaid, Jennifer AU - Kubota, Kristy AU - Hise, Kelley AU - Hunter, Susan B AU - Fair, Mary-Ann AU - Norton, Dawn AU - Woo-Ming, Ann AU - Kurzynski, Terry AU - Sotir, Mark J AU - Head, Marcus AU - Holt, Kristin AU - Swaminathan, Bala AD - Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, National Center of Infectious Diseases, Division of Bacterial and Mycotic Diseases, Foodborne and Diarrheal Diseases Branch, Atlanta, Georgia 30333, USA. plg5@cdc.gov Y1 - 2005/09// PY - 2005 DA - September 2005 SP - 1926 EP - 1931 VL - 68 IS - 9 SN - 0362-028X, 0362-028X KW - Index Medicus KW - United States KW - Food Microbiology KW - Databases as Topic KW - Disease Outbreaks KW - Quality Control KW - Cluster Analysis KW - Population Surveillance KW - Information Services KW - Public Health KW - Escherichia coli O157 -- classification KW - Escherichia coli O157 -- isolation & purification KW - Electrophoresis, Gel, Pulsed-Field -- methods KW - Bacterial Typing Techniques UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/68580732?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+food+protection&rft.atitle=Molecular+surveillance+of+shiga+toxigenic+Escherichia+coli+O157+by+PulseNet+USA.&rft.au=Gerner-Smidt%2C+Peter%3BKincaid%2C+Jennifer%3BKubota%2C+Kristy%3BHise%2C+Kelley%3BHunter%2C+Susan+B%3BFair%2C+Mary-Ann%3BNorton%2C+Dawn%3BWoo-Ming%2C+Ann%3BKurzynski%2C+Terry%3BSotir%2C+Mark+J%3BHead%2C+Marcus%3BHolt%2C+Kristin%3BSwaminathan%2C+Bala&rft.aulast=Gerner-Smidt&rft.aufirst=Peter&rft.date=2005-09-01&rft.volume=68&rft.issue=9&rft.spage=1926&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+food+protection&rft.issn=0362028X&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 2005-10-06 N1 - Date created - 2005-09-15 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Multiplex PCR assay simplifies serotyping and sequence typing of Listeria monocytogenes associated with human outbreaks. AN - 68577877; 16161692 AB - Listeria monocytogenes serotypes 1/2a and 4b are responsible for the majority of cases of human listeriosis worldwide. In this study, a multiplex PCR assay was developed to allow rapid identification and easily interpretable differentiation of serotypes 1/2a and 4b from other serotypes of L. monocytogenes by simultaneously targeting two virulence genes (inlB and inlC) and two serotype-specific genes (ORF2372 and Imo0171). A subsequent gel extraction and sequence typing analysis of the highly polymorphic intragenic regions in inlB and inlC simplified a previously developed multi-virulence-locus sequence typing scheme and provided discriminatory power for subtyping L. monocytogenes similar to pulsed-field gel electrophoresis analysis. JF - Journal of food protection AU - Zhang, Wei AU - Knabel, Stephen J AD - Department of Food Science, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania 16802-2504, USA. wzhang@cdc.gov Y1 - 2005/09// PY - 2005 DA - September 2005 SP - 1907 EP - 1910 VL - 68 IS - 9 SN - 0362-028X, 0362-028X KW - DNA Primers KW - 0 KW - DNA, Bacterial KW - Index Medicus KW - Sensitivity and Specificity KW - Listeriosis -- epidemiology KW - Food Microbiology KW - Disease Outbreaks -- prevention & control KW - Virulence -- genetics KW - Humans KW - Molecular Sequence Data KW - Serotyping KW - Bacterial Typing Techniques KW - Listeriosis -- microbiology KW - Listeria monocytogenes -- isolation & purification KW - Polymerase Chain Reaction -- methods KW - Listeria monocytogenes -- classification KW - DNA, Bacterial -- analysis UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/68577877?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+food+protection&rft.atitle=Multiplex+PCR+assay+simplifies+serotyping+and+sequence+typing+of+Listeria+monocytogenes+associated+with+human+outbreaks.&rft.au=Zhang%2C+Wei%3BKnabel%2C+Stephen+J&rft.aulast=Zhang&rft.aufirst=Wei&rft.date=2005-09-01&rft.volume=68&rft.issue=9&rft.spage=1907&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+food+protection&rft.issn=0362028X&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 2005-10-06 N1 - Date created - 2005-09-15 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Assessing the risk of laboratory-acquired meningococcal disease. AN - 68563387; 16145146 AB - Neisseria meningitidis is infrequently reported as a laboratory-acquired infection. Prompted by two cases in the United States in 2000, we assessed this risk among laboratorians. We identified cases of meningococcal disease that were possibly acquired or suspected of being acquired in a laboratory by placing an information request on e-mail discussion groups of infectious disease, microbiology, and infection control professional organizations. A probable case of laboratory-acquired meningococcal disease was defined as illness meeting the case definition for meningococcal disease in a laboratorian who had occupational exposure to an N. meningitidis isolate of the same serogroup within 14 days of illness onset. Sixteen cases of probable laboratory-acquired meningococcal disease occurring worldwide between 1985 and 2001 were identified, including six U.S. cases between 1996 and 2000. Nine cases (56%) were serogroup B; seven (44%) were serogroup C. Eight cases (50%) were fatal. All cases occurred among clinical microbiologists. In 15 cases (94%), isolate manipulation was performed without respiratory protection. We estimated that an average of three microbiologists are exposed to the 3,000 meningococcal isolates seen in U.S. laboratories yearly and calculated an attack rate of 13/100,000 microbiologists between 1996 and 2001, compared to 0.2/100,000 among U.S. adults in general. The rate and case/fatality ratio of meningococcal disease among microbiologists are higher than those in the general U.S. population. Specific risk factors for laboratory-acquired infection are likely associated with exposure to droplets or aerosols containing N. meningitidis. Prevention should focus on the implementation of class II biological safety cabinets or additional respiratory protection during manipulation of suspected meningococcal isolates. JF - Journal of clinical microbiology AU - Sejvar, James J AU - Johnson, David AU - Popovic, Tanja AU - Miller, J Michael AU - Downes, Frances AU - Somsel, Patricia AU - Weyant, Robbin AU - Stephens, David S AU - Perkins, Bradley A AU - Rosenstein, Nancy E AD - Division of Viral and Rickettsial Diseases, National Center for Infectious Diseases, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA 30333, USA. zea3@cdc.gov Y1 - 2005/09// PY - 2005 DA - September 2005 SP - 4811 EP - 4814 VL - 43 IS - 9 SN - 0095-1137, 0095-1137 KW - Index Medicus KW - Occupational Exposure KW - Risk Factors KW - Humans KW - Adult KW - Aged KW - Middle Aged KW - Male KW - Female KW - Meningococcal Infections -- mortality KW - Laboratories KW - Medical Laboratory Personnel KW - Laboratory Infection -- diagnosis KW - Laboratory Infection -- epidemiology KW - Laboratory Infection -- mortality KW - Neisseria meningitidis, Serogroup B -- isolation & purification KW - Neisseria meningitidis, Serogroup C -- isolation & purification KW - Meningococcal Infections -- microbiology KW - Meningococcal Infections -- diagnosis KW - Microbiology KW - Laboratory Infection -- microbiology KW - Meningococcal Infections -- epidemiology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/68563387?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+clinical+microbiology&rft.atitle=Assessing+the+risk+of+laboratory-acquired+meningococcal+disease.&rft.au=Sejvar%2C+James+J%3BJohnson%2C+David%3BPopovic%2C+Tanja%3BMiller%2C+J+Michael%3BDownes%2C+Frances%3BSomsel%2C+Patricia%3BWeyant%2C+Robbin%3BStephens%2C+David+S%3BPerkins%2C+Bradley+A%3BRosenstein%2C+Nancy+E&rft.aulast=Sejvar&rft.aufirst=James&rft.date=2005-09-01&rft.volume=43&rft.issue=9&rft.spage=4811&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+clinical+microbiology&rft.issn=00951137&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 2005-10-25 N1 - Date created - 2005-09-07 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - SuppNotes - Cited By: MMWR Recomm Rep. 1997 May 2;46(RR-10):1-55 [9148133] N Z Med J. 1995 Oct 27;108(1010):437-42 [7478351] J Infect Dis. 1999 Dec;180(6):1894-901 [10558946] MMWR Recomm Rep. 2000 Jun 30;49(RR-7):1-10 [10902834] Infect Dis Clin North Am. 2001 Mar;15(1):155-69 [11301813] J Hosp Infect. 2001 Dec;49(4):282-4 [11740877] MMWR Morb Mortal Wkly Rep. 2002 Feb 22;51(7):141-4 [11905480] Annu Rev Microbiol. 1979;33:41-66 [386929] J Infect. 1982 May;4(3):247-52 [6821102] MMWR Morb Mortal Wkly Rep. 1991 Jan 25;40(3):46-7, 55 [1898759] Scand J Infect Dis. 1992;24(3):333-8 [1509237] Commun Dis Rep CDR Wkly. 1992 Feb 28;2(9):39 [1285190] Can Commun Dis Rep. 1994 Jan 30;20(2):12-4 [8161971] J Clin Microbiol. 1994 Mar;32(3):701-4 [8195382] MMWR Recomm Rep. 2005 May 27;54(RR-7):1-21 [15917737] N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Global epidemiology of hepatitis C virus infection. AN - 68527482; 16122679 AB - Hepatitis C virus (HCV) is a major cause of liver disease worldwide and a potential cause of substantial morbidity and mortality in the future. The complexity and uncertainty related to the geographic distribution of HCV infection and chronic hepatitis C, determination of its associated risk factors, and evaluation of cofactors that accelerate its progression, underscore the difficulties in global prevention and control of HCV. Because there is no vaccine and no post-exposure prophylaxis for HCV, the focus of primary prevention efforts should be safer blood supply in the developing world, safe injection practices in health care and other settings, and decreasing the number of people who initiate injection drug use. JF - The Lancet. Infectious diseases AU - Shepard, Colin W AU - Finelli, Lyn AU - Alter, Miriam J AD - Epidemiology Branch, Division of Viral Hepatitis, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), Atlanta, GA 30333, USA. cvs8@cdc.gov Y1 - 2005/09// PY - 2005 DA - September 2005 SP - 558 EP - 567 VL - 5 IS - 9 SN - 1473-3099, 1473-3099 KW - Index Medicus KW - Substance Abuse, Intravenous -- virology KW - Needle-Exchange Programs KW - HIV Infections -- transmission KW - Risk Factors KW - Humans KW - Hepatitis C, Chronic -- transmission KW - Hepatitis C, Chronic -- prevention & control KW - Hepatitis C, Chronic -- epidemiology KW - HIV Infections -- prevention & control KW - Blood Transfusion -- standards KW - HIV Infections -- epidemiology KW - Cross Infection -- prevention & control KW - Hepatitis C -- prevention & control KW - Global Health KW - Hepatitis C -- transmission KW - Hepatitis C -- epidemiology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/68527482?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Lancet.+Infectious+diseases&rft.atitle=Global+epidemiology+of+hepatitis+C+virus+infection.&rft.au=Shepard%2C+Colin+W%3BFinelli%2C+Lyn%3BAlter%2C+Miriam+J&rft.aulast=Shepard&rft.aufirst=Colin&rft.date=2005-09-01&rft.volume=5&rft.issue=9&rft.spage=558&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=The+Lancet.+Infectious+diseases&rft.issn=14733099&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 2005-10-11 N1 - Date created - 2005-08-26 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Substance use, firearm availability, depressive symptoms, and mental health service utilization among white and African American suicide decedents aged 15 to 64 years. AN - 68514668; 16118006 AB - We investigated whether the substance use problems of excessive alcohol consumption and marijuana use, firearm availability, depressive symptoms, and mental health service utilization, differed among white and African American suicide decedents compared with natural cause-of-death decedents. The subjects were a representative sample of 22,957 deceased individuals aged 15 years or older from the 1993 US National Mortality Followback Survey (NMFS). A matched case-control study was constructed for suicide decedents aged 15 to 64 years, with natural death controls frequency matched to cases by age and gender. Conditional logistic regression analysis was used to examine the associations of risk factors with suicide by race. When compared with natural causes of death, suicide deaths among white decedents were associated with use of mental health services, heavy drinking, marijuana use, depression symptoms, and firearm availability. Suicides by African American decedents were associated only with use of mental health services, marijuana, and firearm availability. The interaction of mental health service use and marijuana use was significant only for white suicide decedents. This study contributes to the limited understanding of how risk factors unique to suicide differ, and possibly interact, among African American and white decedents. Similarities and differences in risk factors should be considered in suicide prevention planning efforts. JF - Annals of epidemiology AU - Kung, Hsiang-Ching AU - Pearson, Jane L AU - Wei, Rong AD - National Center for Health Statistics, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Hyattsville, MD 20782, USA. hck0@cdc.gov Y1 - 2005/09// PY - 2005 DA - September 2005 SP - 614 EP - 621 VL - 15 IS - 8 SN - 1047-2797, 1047-2797 KW - Index Medicus KW - Educational Status KW - Firearms KW - Humans KW - Adult KW - Confidence Intervals KW - Middle Aged KW - Adolescent KW - United States -- epidemiology KW - Marijuana Abuse KW - Male KW - Female KW - Depression KW - Risk Factors KW - European Continental Ancestry Group KW - Substance-Related Disorders KW - Mental Health Services -- utilization KW - African Americans KW - Suicide -- statistics & numerical data KW - Suicide -- psychology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/68514668?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Annals+of+epidemiology&rft.atitle=Substance+use%2C+firearm+availability%2C+depressive+symptoms%2C+and+mental+health+service+utilization+among+white+and+African+American+suicide+decedents+aged+15+to+64+years.&rft.au=Kung%2C+Hsiang-Ching%3BPearson%2C+Jane+L%3BWei%2C+Rong&rft.aulast=Kung&rft.aufirst=Hsiang-Ching&rft.date=2005-09-01&rft.volume=15&rft.issue=8&rft.spage=614&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Annals+of+epidemiology&rft.issn=10472797&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 2006-08-10 N1 - Date created - 2005-08-24 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - How "clean" is the cleaning profession? AN - 68499868; 16109813 JF - Occupational and environmental medicine AU - Henneberger, P K AD - National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, M/S H2800 1095 Willowdale Road, Morgantown, WV 26505, USA. pkh0@cdc.gov Y1 - 2005/09// PY - 2005 DA - September 2005 SP - 586 EP - 587 VL - 62 IS - 9 KW - Index Medicus KW - Humans KW - Hygiene KW - Housekeeping KW - Occupational Exposure -- adverse effects KW - Household Products -- toxicity KW - Occupational Diseases -- chemically induced UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/68499868?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Occupational+and+environmental+medicine&rft.atitle=How+%22clean%22+is+the+cleaning+profession%3F&rft.au=Henneberger%2C+P+K&rft.aulast=Henneberger&rft.aufirst=P&rft.date=2005-09-01&rft.volume=62&rft.issue=9&rft.spage=586&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Occupational+and+environmental+medicine&rft.issn=1470-7926&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 2005-09-27 N1 - Date created - 2005-08-19 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - SuppNotes - Comment On: Occup Environ Med. 2005 Sep;62(9):598-606 [16109815] N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Risk factors for hepatitis B in an outbreak of hepatitis B and D among injection drug users. AN - 68492760; 16049202 AB - During January-April, 2000, 12 cases of acute hepatitis B were reported in Pierce County, Washington, compared with seven in all of 1999. Seven (58.3%) case patients were injection drug users (IDUs), three of whom were coinfected with hepatitis D virus (HDV) and died of fulminant hepatitis. Vaccination clinics were implemented at the local health department and needle exchange program to control the outbreak. We investigated this outbreak to determine risk factors for hepatitis B virus (HBV) transmission among IDUs. Hepatitis B cases were ascertained through routine surveillance and prevaccination testing at vaccination clinics. We conducted a case-control study comparing IDU case patients with HBV-susceptible IDUs identified at the vaccination clinics. Fifty-eight case patients were identified during January-December, 2000, 20 (34.5%) of whom were coinfected with HDV. Thirty-eight case patients (65.5%) reported current IDU. In the case-control study, the 17 case patients were more likely than the 141 controls to report having more than one sex partner [odds ratio (OR) =4.8, 95% confidence interval (CI) =1.5-15.0], injecting more than four times a day (OR = 4.5, 95% CI =1.2-15.6) and sharing drug cookers with more than two people (58.8% vs. 14.0%, OR =14.0, 95% CI =2.4-81.5). Results were similar after controlling for syringe sharing in multivariable analysis. IDUs should be vaccinated against hepatitis B and should be advised against sharing drug injection equipment. JF - Journal of urban health : bulletin of the New York Academy of Medicine AU - Bialek, Stephanie R AU - Bower, William A AU - Mottram, Karen AU - Purchase, Dave AU - Nakano, T AU - Nainan, Omana AU - Williams, Ian T AU - Bell, Beth P AD - United States Public Health Service, Division of Viral Hepatitis, National Center for Infectious Diseases, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, 1600 Clifton Road, NE, Mail Stop G-37, Atlanta, GA 30333, USA. sbialek@cdc.gov Y1 - 2005/09// PY - 2005 DA - September 2005 SP - 468 EP - 478 VL - 82 IS - 3 SN - 1099-3460, 1099-3460 KW - Index Medicus KW - Acute Disease KW - Sexual Behavior KW - Needle-Exchange Programs KW - Urban Health KW - Risk Factors KW - Humans KW - Immunization Programs KW - Adult KW - Case-Control Studies KW - Middle Aged KW - Adolescent KW - Male KW - Female KW - Hepatitis D -- etiology KW - Hepatitis D -- prevention & control KW - Hepatitis B -- prevention & control KW - Substance Abuse, Intravenous -- epidemiology KW - Substance Abuse, Intravenous -- complications KW - Disease Outbreaks KW - Hepatitis D -- epidemiology KW - Hepatitis B -- etiology KW - Hepatitis B -- epidemiology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/68492760?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+urban+health+%3A+bulletin+of+the+New+York+Academy+of+Medicine&rft.atitle=Risk+factors+for+hepatitis+B+in+an+outbreak+of+hepatitis+B+and+D+among+injection+drug+users.&rft.au=Bialek%2C+Stephanie+R%3BBower%2C+William+A%3BMottram%2C+Karen%3BPurchase%2C+Dave%3BNakano%2C+T%3BNainan%2C+Omana%3BWilliams%2C+Ian+T%3BBell%2C+Beth+P&rft.aulast=Bialek&rft.aufirst=Stephanie&rft.date=2005-09-01&rft.volume=82&rft.issue=3&rft.spage=468&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+urban+health+%3A+bulletin+of+the+New+York+Academy+of+Medicine&rft.issn=10993460&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 2005-10-26 N1 - Date created - 2005-08-18 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - SuppNotes - Cited By: J Acquir Immune Defic Syndr Hum Retrovirol. 1996 Mar 1;11(3):301-6 [8603266] J Infect Dis. 1996 Apr;173(4):997-1000 [8603983] J Virol Methods. 1996 Sep;61(1-2):127-34 [8882945] Med J Aust. 1997 Jul 7;167(1):17-20 [9236754] J Acquir Immune Defic Syndr Hum Retrovirol. 1997 Dec 15;16(5):400-6 [9420320] J Acquir Immune Defic Syndr Hum Retrovirol. 1998;18 Suppl 1:S25-9 [9663620] Epidemiol Infect. 1998 Aug;121(1):185-91 [9747771] Am J Epidemiol. 1999 Feb 1;149(3):203-13 [9927214] J Acquir Immune Defic Syndr. 1999 Oct 1;22(2):194-9 [10843535] Scand J Infect Dis. 2000;32(3):253-8 [10879594] Am J Public Health. 2000 Jul;90(7):1112-6 [10897190] Subst Use Misuse. 2000 Aug;35(10):1369-83 [10921429] J Urban Health. 2000 Sep;77(3):369-82 [10976611] Am J Drug Alcohol Abuse. 2000 Nov;26(4):703-7 [11097200] Addiction. 2001 Apr;96(4):589-95 [11300962] J Urban Health. 2001 Jun;78(2):264-78 [11419580] MMWR Morb Mortal Wkly Rep. 2001 May 18;50(19):388-90, 399 [11465908] Commun Dis Public Health. 2001 Mar;4(1):60-3 [11467023] J Gen Virol. 2001 Sep;82(Pt 9):2183-9 [11514728] Addiction. 2001 Dec;96(12):1787-97 [11784471] Am J Public Health. 2002 Mar;92(3):385-7 [11867316] Am J Epidemiol. 2002 Apr 1;155(7):645-53 [11914192] Lancet. 1981 Mar 7;1(8219):550-1 [6111645] Nucleic Acids Res. 1984 Jan 11;12(1 Pt 1):387-95 [6546423] Community Med. 1988 May;10(2):147-55 [3243067] Prog Clin Biol Res. 1993;382:243-50 [8502688] Clin Microbiol Rev. 1993 Jul;6(3):211-29 [8358704] Addiction. 1993 Dec;88(12):1691-7 [8130708] J Clin Microbiol. 1994 Feb;32(2):571-4 [8150980] AIDS. 1995 May;9(5):493-501 [7639975] Am J Public Health. 1995 Nov;85(11):1531-7 [7485666] Am J Public Health. 1996 May;86(5):655-61 [8629715] N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Foodborne disease surveillance in the Pacific: perspectives for the future. AN - 67620807; 18181504 AB - Foodborne diseases are an important cause of gastrointestinal illness in Pacific Island Countries and Territories (PICTs). They are known to have significant health and economic consequences, however, reliable data on the various causes and the foodborne sources associated with specific disease are limited. This lack of data limits our understanding about foodborne diseases in the PICTs, their burden and impact on public health, and possible ways to improve food safety. There is an urgent need for better surveillance data. Improving country surveillance systems and the capacity for outbreak investigations will help address these limitations. This paper is the outcome of individual research and a four-day meeting of technical experts convened to develop practical options that PICTs might consider to enhance foodborne disease (FBD) surveillance systems. It is anticipated that the content and recommendations outlined herein will assist in establishing a regional strategy for Pacific FBD surveillance. It gives a framework on how to develop and enhance FBD surveillance for both the regional and national levels and provides examples that countries in the Pacific may consider to enhance their foodborne disease surveillance systems. JF - Pacific health dialog AU - Chiller, Tom AU - Yan, Hannah AU - Tu'uau-Potoi, Nuku'alofa AU - O'Leary, Michael AU - Garin, Benoit AU - Singh, Marinara AU - Magno, Theodora AU - Dunn, John AU - Hazzard, Tony AU - Pryor, Jan AD - Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Foodborne and Diarrheal Disease Branch, Atlanta, GA 30342, USA. TChiller@cdc.gov Y1 - 2005/09// PY - 2005 DA - September 2005 SP - 127 EP - 133 VL - 12 IS - 2 SN - 1015-7867, 1015-7867 KW - Index Medicus KW - Information Services KW - Cost of Illness KW - Humans KW - Pacific Islands -- epidemiology KW - Disease Outbreaks KW - Foodborne Diseases -- epidemiology KW - Foodborne Diseases -- etiology KW - Population Surveillance UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/67620807?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Pacific+health+dialog&rft.atitle=Foodborne+disease+surveillance+in+the+Pacific%3A+perspectives+for+the+future.&rft.au=Chiller%2C+Tom%3BYan%2C+Hannah%3BTu%27uau-Potoi%2C+Nuku%27alofa%3BO%27Leary%2C+Michael%3BGarin%2C+Benoit%3BSingh%2C+Marinara%3BMagno%2C+Theodora%3BDunn%2C+John%3BHazzard%2C+Tony%3BPryor%2C+Jan&rft.aulast=Chiller&rft.aufirst=Tom&rft.date=2005-09-01&rft.volume=12&rft.issue=2&rft.spage=127&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Pacific+health+dialog&rft.issn=10157867&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 2008-02-21 N1 - Date created - 2008-01-09 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Dental Visits among Smoking and Nonsmoking US Adults in 2000 AN - 57117950; 200602706 AB - Objective: To examine dental visits among smoking and nonsmoking adults in a nationally representative sample. Methods: Logistic regression analysis was performed, using a sample of 15,250 US adults from the Medical Expenditure Panel Survey Household Component 2000. Results: Current smokers were less likely to report dental visits (32.9%) than were nonsmokers (45.0%) during 2000. Differences were statistically significant even after accounting for other predictors of dental care use. Conclusions: Efforts to optimize the oral health of smokers and reduce serious oral diseases may benefit from addressing this lower use of dental services among smokers. 4 Tables, 23 References. Adapted from the source document. JF - American Journal of Health Behavior AU - Drilea, Susan K AU - Reid, Britt C AU - Li, Chien-Hsun AU - Hyman, Jeffrey J AU - Manski, Richard J AD - NIDCR/CDC Data Resource Center, Rockville, MD susan.drilea@ngc.com Y1 - 2005/09// PY - 2005 DA - September 2005 SP - 462 EP - 471 VL - 29 IS - 5 SN - 1087-3244, 1087-3244 KW - dental visits, smoking, oral diseases, dental care, health education KW - Dental treatment KW - North American people KW - Dental care KW - Health education KW - Smokers KW - Nonsmokers KW - article UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/57117950?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aassia&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=American+Journal+of+Health+Behavior&rft.atitle=Dental+Visits+among+Smoking+and+Nonsmoking+US+Adults+in+2000&rft.au=Drilea%2C+Susan+K%3BReid%2C+Britt+C%3BLi%2C+Chien-Hsun%3BHyman%2C+Jeffrey+J%3BManski%2C+Richard+J&rft.aulast=Drilea&rft.aufirst=Susan&rft.date=2005-09-01&rft.volume=29&rft.issue=5&rft.spage=462&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=American+Journal+of+Health+Behavior&rft.issn=10873244&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - Applied Social Sciences Index & Abstracts (ASSIA) N1 - Date revised - 2006-04-07 N1 - Last updated - 2016-09-27 N1 - CODEN - AJHBF6 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - North American people; Smokers; Nonsmokers; Health education; Dental care; Dental treatment ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Parents'/Guardians' Willingness to Vaccinate Their Children against Genital Herpes AN - 57083478; 200600485 AB - Purpose: To describe parents' acceptance of a hypothetical herpes simplex virus type 2 (HSV-2) vaccine, attitudes toward vaccine legislation, beliefs regarding appropriate timing of vaccination and correlates of vaccine acceptance. Methods: A telephone survey of 315 parents/guardians in the Southeast United States. Descriptive statistics describe the sample's overall attitudes toward HSV-2 vaccination, vaccine legislation, and age preferences. A logistic regression model tested the correlates of intention to vaccinate their children against HSV-2. Results: A majority of parents (69%) said they would have their children vaccinated. Nearly one-third (29.3%) thought genital herpes vaccination should take place between the ages of 11 and 13 years. Logistic regression revealed that females, single parents, parents whose children had influenza shots, those with more favorable attitudes to vaccination in general, and those who believed sexually transmitted disease (STD) vaccines would be beneficial were more likely to state they would vaccinate their children. Conclusions: Overall, a large proportion of parents indicated they would accept HSV-2 vaccination for their children. These results help identify those parents who may or may not be open to vaccinating their children against HSV-2 and inform future interventions to encourage HSV-2 vaccination. This research highlights the need for interventions that differentially target those who would and would not be likely to support vaccination of their children. Results also indicate that many parents believe vaccination should be given after an age when many adolescents have initiated sexual activity. Interventions to promote STD vaccines should not only encourage vaccination, but should also seek to change parental attitudes about optimal timing of the vaccination. Tables, References. [Copyright 2005 The Society for Adolescent Medicine; published by Elsevier Inc.] JF - Journal of Adolescent Health AU - Liddon, Nicole AU - Pulley, Leavonne AU - Cockerham, William C AU - Lueschen, Guenther AU - Vermund, Sten H AU - Hook, Edward W AD - National Center HIV STD TB Prevention, Division STD Prevention, Atlanta, GA nliddon@cdc.gov Y1 - 2005/09// PY - 2005 DA - September 2005 SP - 187 EP - 193 VL - 37 IS - 3 SN - 1054-139X, 1054-139X KW - STD vaccines KW - HSV-2 KW - Parents KW - Genital herpes KW - Southeastern USA KW - Vaccines KW - Children KW - Herpes simplex virus KW - Sexually transmitted diseases KW - article UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/57083478?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aassia&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Adolescent+Health&rft.atitle=Parents%27%2FGuardians%27+Willingness+to+Vaccinate+Their+Children+against+Genital+Herpes&rft.au=Liddon%2C+Nicole%3BPulley%2C+Leavonne%3BCockerham%2C+William+C%3BLueschen%2C+Guenther%3BVermund%2C+Sten+H%3BHook%2C+Edward+W&rft.aulast=Liddon&rft.aufirst=Nicole&rft.date=2005-09-01&rft.volume=37&rft.issue=3&rft.spage=187&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Ergonomics&rft.issn=00140139&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - Applied Social Sciences Index & Abstracts (ASSIA) N1 - Date revised - 2006-04-07 N1 - Last updated - 2016-09-27 N1 - CODEN - JAHCD9 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Parents; Vaccines; Herpes simplex virus; Genital herpes; Sexually transmitted diseases; Children; Southeastern USA DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jadohealth.2005.05.030 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Prevalence of Household Firearms and Firearm-Storage Practices in the 50 States and the District of Columbia: Findings From the Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System, 2002 AN - 20715441; 6528884 AB - OBJECTIVES: To examine the prevalence of household firearms and firearm-storage practices in the 50 states and the District of Columbia and estimate the number of children exposed to unsafe storage practices. METHODS: We analyzed data from the 2002 cross-sectional Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System survey of 240735 adults from randomly selected households with telephones in the 50 states and the District of Columbia. RESULTS: Nationally, 32.6% of adults reported that firearms were kept in or around their home. The prevalence of adults with household firearms ranged from 5.2% in the District of Columbia to 62.8% in Wyoming (median: 40.8%). The prevalence of adults with loaded household firearms ranged from 1.6% in Hawaii, Massachusetts, and New Jersey to 19.2% in Alabama (median: 7.0%), and the prevalence of adults with loaded and unlocked household firearms ranged from 0.4% in Massachusetts to 12.7% in Alabama (median: 4.2%). Among adults with children and youth <18 years old, the prevalence of loaded household firearms ranged from 1.0% to 13.4% (median: 5.3%), and the prevalence of loaded and unlocked household firearms ranged from 0.3% to 7.3% (median: 2.3%); in each instance, Massachusetts had the lowest prevalence and Alabama had the highest. Findings indicate that similar to 1.69 million (95% confidence interval: 1.57-1.82 million) children and youth in the United States <18 years old are living with loaded and unlocked household firearms. CONCLUSIONS: Substantial state variations exist in the prevalence of household firearms and firearm-storage practices. It is vital that surveillance systems such as the Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System continue to monitor the prevalence of household firearms and firearm-storage practices so that future interventions to promote safe storage of firearms can be evaluated and more widely implemented based on their efficacy. JF - Pediatrics AU - Okoro, Catherine A AU - Nelson, David E AU - Mercy, James A AU - Balluz, Lina S AU - Crosby, Alex E AU - Mokdad, Ali H AD - National Center for Chronic Disease Prevention and Health Promotion. National Center for Injury Prevention and Control, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia Y1 - 2005/09// PY - 2005 DA - Sep 2005 SP - e370 EP - e376 PB - American Academy of Pediatrics, 141 Northwest Point Blvd. Elk Grove Village IL 60007-1098 USA, [mailto:journals@aap.org], [URL:http://www.aap.org] VL - 116 IS - 3 SN - 0031-4005, 0031-4005 KW - Risk Abstracts KW - Storage KW - USA, Alabama KW - households KW - USA, Massachusetts KW - USA, Wyoming KW - USA, New Jersey KW - USA, Hawaii KW - firearms KW - intervention KW - Children KW - R2 23010:General: Models, forecasting UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/20715441?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Ariskabstracts&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Pediatrics&rft.atitle=Prevalence+of+Household+Firearms+and+Firearm-Storage+Practices+in+the+50+States+and+the+District+of+Columbia%3A+Findings+From+the+Behavioral+Risk+Factor+Surveillance+System%2C+2002&rft.au=Okoro%2C+Catherine+A%3BNelson%2C+David+E%3BMercy%2C+James+A%3BBalluz%2C+Lina+S%3BCrosby%2C+Alex+E%3BMokdad%2C+Ali+H&rft.aulast=Okoro&rft.aufirst=Catherine&rft.date=2005-09-01&rft.volume=116&rft.issue=3&rft.spage=e370&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Pediatrics&rft.issn=00314005&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2009-10-01 N1 - Last updated - 2015-03-30 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Storage; households; intervention; firearms; Children; USA, Alabama; USA, Wyoming; USA, Massachusetts; USA, New Jersey; USA, Hawaii ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Comparison of two methods for evaluating the quality of stored drinking water in Abidjan, Cote d'Ivoire, and review of other comparisons in the literature AN - 20222117; 6526525 AB - Membrane filtration, multiple tube fermentation (the standard methods) and Colilert are techniques available for assessing drinking water quality, but there are no published comparisons of Colilert to standard methods in a developing country laboratory. We reviewed the published literature on Colilert and standard methods and conducted a study to compare Colilert with membrane filtration for the detection and enumeration of total conforms and fecal coliforms (Escherichia coli bacteria) using 35 stored drinking water samples from households in Abidjan, Cote d'Ivoire. Our study results are consistent with previous published studies conducted in developed countries. Results from Colilert and membrane filtration correlated for both total coliforms (r super(2) = 0.81) and E. coli (r super(2) = 0.93). Colilert is an acceptable method to measure the presence and quantity of coliforms in water samples in a developing country setting. JF - Journal of Water and Health AU - Macy, J T AU - Dunne, E F AU - Angoran-Benie, Y H AU - Kamelan-Tano, Y AU - Kouadio, L AU - Djai, KA AU - Luby, S P AD - Foodborne and Diarrheal Diseases Branch, Division of Bacterial and Mycotic Diseases, National Center for Infectious Diseases, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, 1600 Clifton Road, NE, MS A-38, Atlanta, GA 30333, USA, sxl2@cdc.gov Y1 - 2005/09// PY - 2005 DA - Sep 2005 SP - 221 EP - 228 VL - 3 IS - 3 SN - 1477-8920, 1477-8920 KW - Colilert KW - Microbiology Abstracts B: Bacteriology; Biotechnology and Bioengineering Abstracts; Pollution Abstracts; Water Resources Abstracts; Aqualine Abstracts KW - Bacteria KW - Drinking Water KW - Escherichia coli KW - Membrane filtration KW - Drinking water KW - Cote d'Ivoire KW - P 2000:FRESHWATER POLLUTION KW - SW 3060:Water treatment and distribution KW - AQ 00004:Water Treatment KW - W 30945:Fermentation & Cell Culture KW - J 02450:Ecology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/20222117?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aaqualine&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Water+and+Health&rft.atitle=Comparison+of+two+methods+for+evaluating+the+quality+of+stored+drinking+water+in+Abidjan%2C+Cote+d%27Ivoire%2C+and+review+of+other+comparisons+in+the+literature&rft.au=Macy%2C+J+T%3BDunne%2C+E+F%3BAngoran-Benie%2C+Y+H%3BKamelan-Tano%2C+Y%3BKouadio%2C+L%3BDjai%2C+KA%3BLuby%2C+S+P&rft.aulast=Macy&rft.aufirst=J&rft.date=2005-09-01&rft.volume=3&rft.issue=3&rft.spage=221&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+Water+and+Health&rft.issn=14778920&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-01-01 N1 - Last updated - 2014-02-11 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Membrane filtration; Drinking water; Drinking Water; Escherichia coli; Cote d'Ivoire ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Food behaviors and other strategies to prevent and treat pediatric overweight AN - 19415568; 6515338 AB - To summarize the evidence for the following six strategies to prevent or treat overweight among children: promoting breastfeeding, promoting physical activity, reducing TV/video viewing, increasing fruit and vegetable consumption, reducing sugar-sweetened drink consumption, and reducing portion sizes. Summarization of the relevant literature including review articles, relevant newly published work, the Institute of Medicine's Report on Preventing Childhood Obesity and the Surgeon General's Call to Action to Prevent and Decrease Overweight and Obesity, 2001. This is not a comprehensive review. Evidence for the association between each strategy and overweight varies. For breastfeeding, physical activity, and TV viewing, there are large review studies. Breastfed children may have a small reduction in risk for overweight. Participation in physical activity may reduce the risk of overweight among school-aged children and adolescents. For preschool- and school-aged children, reducing TV viewing time may reduce their risk of overweight, but most studies report small significant associations. Evidence for an association between each dietary factor and overweight is limited and inconclusive. The biggest gaps in evidence are for the effectiveness of interventions using these strategies. The reviewed interventions based on increasing physical activity (n = 7) were effective. Two randomized trials suggest that reducing TV viewing reduces overweight. No intervention studies were found that examined the effectiveness of changing fruit and vegetable consumption, sugar-sweetened drink consumption, or portion sizes. Further clarification of the effect of breastfeeding on obesity is needed. These six strategies are reasonable ways to attempt prevention or treatment of overweight in children. Strength of the evidence varies by strategy. The key finding is that more applied research is needed to determine the effectiveness of these and other strategies. JF - International Journal of Obesity AU - Sherry, B AD - Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, National Center for Health Promotion and Disease Prevention, Division of Nutrition and Physical Activity, Maternal and Child Nutrition Branch Mail Stop K-25, 4770 Buford Highway, NE, Atlanta, CA 30341-3717, USA, bsherry@cdc.gov Y1 - 2005/09// PY - 2005 DA - Sep 2005 SP - S116 EP - S126 VL - 29 SN - 0307-0565, 0307-0565 KW - Physical Education Index KW - Obesity KW - Videotape KW - Pediatrics KW - Preventive health KW - Adolescence KW - Strategy KW - Work KW - Exercise KW - Children KW - Strength KW - Literature reviews KW - Participation KW - Television KW - Medicine KW - Diet KW - PE 030:Exercise, Health & Physical Fitness UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/19415568?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aphysicaleducation&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=International+Journal+of+Obesity&rft.atitle=Food+behaviors+and+other+strategies+to+prevent+and+treat+pediatric+overweight&rft.au=Sherry%2C+B&rft.aulast=Sherry&rft.aufirst=B&rft.date=2005-09-01&rft.volume=29&rft.issue=&rft.spage=S116&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=International+Journal+of+Obesity&rft.issn=03070565&rft_id=info:doi/10.1038%2Fsj.ijo.0803078 LA - English DB - Physical Education Index N1 - Date revised - 2007-06-01 N1 - Last updated - 2015-04-01 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Obesity; Videotape; Preventive health; Pediatrics; Adolescence; Strategy; Work; Exercise; Children; Strength; Literature reviews; Participation; Television; Medicine; Diet DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/sj.ijo.0803078 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Nursing Home Resident and Facility Characteristics Associated with Pneumococcal Vaccination: National Nursing Home Survey, 1995-1999 AN - 19288299; 6461392 AB - Objectives: To assess Advisory Committee for Immunization Practices recommendations for the pneumococcal vaccine in nursing home residents using national surveys to examine factors associated with vaccination. Design: Cross-sectional national sample surveys of nursing homes and nursing home residents with a two-stage probability design, stratified on size and Medicare and Medicaid certification status. Setting: U.S. nursing homes during 1995, 1997, and 1999. Participants: Six current residents were randomly selected from each facility (n=approximately 8,000 each year). Measurements: Residents' pneumococcal vaccination status was obtained by asking the facility respondent for each resident: 'Has [the resident] EVER had a pneumococcal vaccine, that is a pneumonia vaccination?' Vaccination status was coded as yes, no, and unknown. Results: The proportion of residents aged 65 and older that received pneumococcal vaccination increased significantly, from 23.6% in 1995 to 28.2% in 1997 to 37.4% in 1999 (P<.001). The proportion of residents in homes with pneumococcal immunization programs increased significantly, from 65.2% in 1995 to 88.9% in 1999. Conclusion: The proportion of nursing home residents aged 65 and older receiving the pneumococcal vaccine increased significantly from 1995 to 1999. Residents living in nursing homes with programs for pneumococcal immunizations were significantly more likely to be vaccinated. JF - Journal of the American Geriatrics Society AU - Bardenheier, Barbara AU - Shefer, Abigail AU - Tiggle, Ronald AU - Marsteller, Jill AU - Remsburg, Robin E AD - Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, 1600 Clifton Road, MS E-52, Atlanta, GA 30333, bfb7@cdc.gov Y1 - 2005/09// PY - 2005 DA - Sep 2005 SP - 1543 EP - 1551 PB - Blackwell Publishing Ltd., 9600 Garsington Road Oxford OX4 2DQ UK, [URL:http://www.blackwellpublishing.com] VL - 53 IS - 9 SN - 0002-8614, 0002-8614 KW - Microbiology Abstracts B: Bacteriology KW - Streptococcus pneumoniae KW - Nursing KW - Geriatrics KW - Vaccines KW - Vaccination KW - Pneumonia KW - J 02350:Immunology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/19288299?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologyb&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+the+American+Geriatrics+Society&rft.atitle=Nursing+Home+Resident+and+Facility+Characteristics+Associated+with+Pneumococcal+Vaccination%3A+National+Nursing+Home+Survey%2C+1995-1999&rft.au=Bardenheier%2C+Barbara%3BShefer%2C+Abigail%3BTiggle%2C+Ronald%3BMarsteller%2C+Jill%3BRemsburg%2C+Robin+E&rft.aulast=Bardenheier&rft.aufirst=Barbara&rft.date=2005-09-01&rft.volume=53&rft.issue=9&rft.spage=1543&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+the+American+Geriatrics+Society&rft.issn=00028614&rft_id=info:doi/10.1111%2Fj.1532-5415.2005.53483.x LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2008-12-01 N1 - SuppNotes - Tables, 3; references, 30. N1 - Last updated - 2015-03-27 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Nursing; Geriatrics; Vaccines; Vaccination; Pneumonia; Streptococcus pneumoniae DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1532-5415.2005.53483.x ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Monoclonal antibodies to SARS-associated coronavirus (SARS-CoV): Identification of neutralizing and antibodies reactive to S, N, M and E viral proteins AN - 17651148; 6412382 AB - Monoclonal antibodies (Mabs) against the Urbani strain of the SARS-associated coronavirus (SARS-CoV) were developed and characterized for reactivity to SARS-CoV and SARS-CoV S, N, M, and E proteins using enzyme-linked immunoabsorbent (ELISA), radioimmunoprecipitation, immunofluorescence, Western Blot and microneutralization assays. Twenty-six mAbs were reactive to SARS-CoV by ELISA, and nine were chosen for detailed characterization. Five mAbs reacted against the S protein, two against the M protein, and one each against the N and E proteins. Two of five S protein mAbs neutralized SARS-CoV infection of Vero E6 cells and reacted to an epitope within amino acids 490-510 in the S protein. While two of the three non-neutralizing antibodies recognized at second epitope within amino acids 270-350. The mAbs characterized should prove useful for developing SARS-CoV diagnostic assays and for studying the biology of infection and pathogenesis of disease. JF - Journal of Virological Methods AU - Tripp, R A AU - Haynes, L M AU - Moore, D AU - Anderson, B AU - Tamin, A AU - Harcourt, B H AU - Jones, L P AU - Yilla, M AU - Babcock, G J AU - Greenough, T AU - Ambrosino, D M AU - Alvarez, R AU - Callaway, J AU - Cavitt, S AU - Kamrud, K AU - Alterson, H AU - Smith, J AU - Harcourt, J L AU - Miao, C AU - Razdan, R AU - Comer, JA AU - Rollin, P E AU - Ksiazek, T G AU - Sanchez, A AU - Rota, P A AU - Bellini, W J AU - Anderson, L J AD - Division of Viral and Rickettsial Diseases, Respiratory and Enteric Virus Branch, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, 1600 Clifton Rd. NE, Mailstop G-09, Atlanta, GA 30333, USA, loh5@cdc.gov Y1 - 2005/09// PY - 2005 DA - Sep 2005 SP - 21 EP - 28 PB - Elsevier B.V. VL - 128 IS - 1-2 SN - 0166-0934, 0166-0934 KW - Biotechnology and Bioengineering Abstracts; Medical and Pharmaceutical Biotechnology Abstracts; Virology & AIDS Abstracts KW - W3 33375:Antibodies KW - V 22093:Antigen-antibody interaction KW - W 30965:Miscellaneous, Reviews UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/17651148?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Abiotechresearch&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Virological+Methods&rft.atitle=Monoclonal+antibodies+to+SARS-associated+coronavirus+%28SARS-CoV%29%3A+Identification+of+neutralizing+and+antibodies+reactive+to+S%2C+N%2C+M+and+E+viral+proteins&rft.au=Tripp%2C+R+A%3BHaynes%2C+L+M%3BMoore%2C+D%3BAnderson%2C+B%3BTamin%2C+A%3BHarcourt%2C+B+H%3BJones%2C+L+P%3BYilla%2C+M%3BBabcock%2C+G+J%3BGreenough%2C+T%3BAmbrosino%2C+D+M%3BAlvarez%2C+R%3BCallaway%2C+J%3BCavitt%2C+S%3BKamrud%2C+K%3BAlterson%2C+H%3BSmith%2C+J%3BHarcourt%2C+J+L%3BMiao%2C+C%3BRazdan%2C+R%3BComer%2C+JA%3BRollin%2C+P+E%3BKsiazek%2C+T+G%3BSanchez%2C+A%3BRota%2C+P+A%3BBellini%2C+W+J%3BAnderson%2C+L+J&rft.aulast=Tripp&rft.aufirst=R&rft.date=2005-09-01&rft.volume=128&rft.issue=1-2&rft.spage=21&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+Virological+Methods&rft.issn=01660934&rft_id=info:doi/10.1016%2Fj.jviromet.2005.03.021 LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2005-10-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jviromet.2005.03.021 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Population-based risk factors for tuberculosis and adverse outcomes among Tibetan refugees in India, 1994-1996 AN - 17394947; 6514848 AB - Tibetan refugees in India, 1994-1996. To determine tuberculosis (TB) incidence, independent risk factors for TB, and predictors of adverse outcomes. Data from a house-to-house census/demo-graphic survey were merged with TB patient data. Separate multivariable models for each birthplace were developed for outcomes of interest. From 1994 to 1996, 47491 Tibetans were surveyed and 1197 TB cases confirmed (incidence 835/100000). Risk factors for TB in separate multivariable models differed by place of birth. Independent predictors of death for Tibet-born refugees included age greater than or equal to 50 years, extra-pulmonary TB, and second-line therapy, while for India-born refugees they included second-line therapy and no improvement at the end of treatment. No significant risk factors for default were identified for Tibet-born refugees, while region of residence and the absence of a BCG scar were independent predictors among those born in India. Predictors of receipt of second-line therapy among Tibet-born refugees included region, years in camps, and prior TB, while among those born in India they were region, age greater than or equal to 20 years, sputum-positive at diagnosis, and previous TB. TB incidence in Tibetan refugee settlements exceeds the highest national TB rates, and country of birth determines risk factors. TB control efforts in India should include this population. JF - International Journal of Tuberculosis and Lung Disease AU - Nelson, L J AU - Naik, Y AU - Tsering, K AU - Cegielski, J P AD - Division of TB Elimination, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, 1600 Clifton Road, MS E-10, Atlanta, GA 30333, USA, lbn9@cdc.gov Y1 - 2005/09// PY - 2005 DA - Sep 2005 SP - 1018 EP - 1026 VL - 9 IS - 9 SN - 1027-3719, 1027-3719 KW - Microbiology Abstracts B: Bacteriology; Risk Abstracts KW - Prediction KW - Mortality KW - Cyclic AMP KW - Lung diseases KW - India KW - Models KW - Birth KW - Infectious diseases KW - BCG KW - Risk factors KW - Tuberculosis KW - Census KW - Ethnic groups KW - R2 23060:Medical and environmental health KW - J 02845:Ear, nose and respiratory tract UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/17394947?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologyb&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=International+Journal+of+Tuberculosis+and+Lung+Disease&rft.atitle=Population-based+risk+factors+for+tuberculosis+and+adverse+outcomes+among+Tibetan+refugees+in+India%2C+1994-1996&rft.au=Nelson%2C+L+J%3BNaik%2C+Y%3BTsering%2C+K%3BCegielski%2C+J+P&rft.aulast=Nelson&rft.aufirst=L&rft.date=2005-09-01&rft.volume=9&rft.issue=9&rft.spage=1018&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=International+Journal+of+Tuberculosis+and+Lung+Disease&rft.issn=10273719&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-04-01 N1 - Last updated - 2015-03-25 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Birth; BCG; Risk factors; Cyclic AMP; Lung diseases; Census; Tuberculosis; Models; Prediction; Mortality; Infectious diseases; Ethnic groups; India ER - TY - JOUR T1 - An Outbreak of Hepatitis A Associated with Green Onions AN - 17393100; 6494868 AB - In November 2003, a large hepatitis A outbreak was identified among patrons of a single Pennsylvania restaurant. We investigated the cause of the outbreak and factors that contributed to its unprecedented size. Demographic and clinical outcome data were collected from patients with laboratory confirmation of hepatitis A, and restaurant workers were tested for hepatitis A. A case-control study was conducted among patrons who dined at the restaurant between October 3 and October 6, 2003. Sequence analysis was performed on a 315-nucleotide region of viral RNA extracted from serum specimens. Of 601 patients identified, 3 died; at least 124 were hospitalized. Of 425 patients who recalled a single dining date at the restaurant, 356 (84 percent) had dined there between October 3 and October 6. Among 240 patients in the case-control study, 218 had eaten mild salsa (91 percent), as compared with 45 of 130 controls (35 percent) (odds ratio, 19.6; 95 percent confidence interval, 11.0 to 34.9) for whom data were available. A total of 98 percent of patients and 58 percent of controls reported having eaten a menu item containing green onions (odds ratio, 33.3; 95 percent confidence interval, 12.8 to 86.2). All restaurant workers were tested, but none were identified who could have been the source of the outbreak. Sequences of hepatitis A virus from all 170 patients who were tested were identical. Mild salsa, which contained green onions grown in Mexico, was prepared in large batches at the restaurant and provided to all patrons. Green onions that were apparently contaminated before arrival at the restaurant caused this unusually large foodborne outbreak of hepatitis A. The inclusion of contaminated green onions in large batches that were served to all customers contributed to the size of the outbreak. JF - New England Journal of Medicine AU - Wheeler, C AU - Vogt, T M AU - Armstrong, G L AU - Vaughan, G AU - Weltman, A AU - Nainan, O V AU - Dato, V AU - Xia, Guoliang AU - Waller, K AU - Amon, J AU - Lee, T M AU - Highbaugh-Battle, A AU - Hembree, C AU - Fiore, A E AD - Division of Viral Hepatitis, Mailstop G37, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, 1600 Clifton Rd., Atlanta, GA 30333, USA, afiore@cdc.gov Y1 - 2005/09/01/ PY - 2005 DA - 2005 Sep 01 SP - 890 EP - 897 VL - 353 IS - 9 SN - 0028-4793, 0028-4793 KW - Onion KW - Virology & AIDS Abstracts; Health & Safety Science Abstracts KW - Contamination KW - Food industry KW - Nucleotide sequence KW - Hepatitis A virus KW - outbreaks KW - Food contamination KW - hepatitis A KW - food-borne diseases KW - Demography KW - Mexico KW - USA, Pennsylvania KW - Allium cepa KW - Hepatitis A KW - V 22123:Epidemiology KW - H 11000:Diseases/Injuries/Trauma UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/17393100?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Ahealthsafetyabstracts&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=New+England+Journal+of+Medicine&rft.atitle=An+Outbreak+of+Hepatitis+A+Associated+with+Green+Onions&rft.au=Wheeler%2C+C%3BVogt%2C+T+M%3BArmstrong%2C+G+L%3BVaughan%2C+G%3BWeltman%2C+A%3BNainan%2C+O+V%3BDato%2C+V%3BXia%2C+Guoliang%3BWaller%2C+K%3BAmon%2C+J%3BLee%2C+T+M%3BHighbaugh-Battle%2C+A%3BHembree%2C+C%3BFiore%2C+A+E&rft.aulast=Wheeler&rft.aufirst=C&rft.date=2005-09-01&rft.volume=353&rft.issue=9&rft.spage=890&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=New+England+Journal+of+Medicine&rft.issn=00284793&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-01-01 N1 - Last updated - 2015-03-25 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Demography; Contamination; Food industry; Nucleotide sequence; Hepatitis A; outbreaks; Food contamination; food-borne diseases; hepatitis A; Hepatitis A virus; Allium cepa; Mexico; USA, Pennsylvania ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Ground control for highwall mining in the United States AN - 17230876; 6943976 AB - Highwall mining is an important coal mining method in the USA and may account for approximately 4% of total USA coal production. Highwall stability is the major ground-control-related safety concern in highwall mining. Engineering away the safety risk by decreasing the highwall slope angle may be the best solution to the hazard posed by vertical joints in highwalls. The Mine Safety and Health Administration (MSHA) requires a ground control plan that usually specifies the hole width, maximum hole depth, maximum overburden depth, seam thickness, web pillar width, barrier pillar width and number of holes between barriers. Design charts for these parameters are given. Web pillars containing pre-existing auger holes are analysed and a design chart for estimating their minimum width is also presented. Close-proximity multiple-split highwall mining, which caused several serious highwall failures, is analysed and recommendations are made. Finally, this study examined records from 5289 highwall miner holes with a total completed hole length of 780 300 m to understand the reasons for early pull out. Average loss was almost 20% of planned hole length, and only 35% of the holes reached the planned depth. JF - International Journal of Surface Mining, Reclamation and Environment AU - Zipf, RK Jr AU - Mark, C AD - NIOSH Pittsburgh Research Laboratory, Pittsburgh, PA, USA, rzipf@cdc.gov Y1 - 2005/09// PY - 2005 DA - Sep 2005 SP - 188 EP - 217 VL - 19 IS - 3 SN - 1389-5265, 1389-5265 KW - highwall mining KW - Health & Safety Science Abstracts KW - USA KW - Safety regulations KW - Occupational safety KW - Coal KW - H 1000:Occupational Safety and Health UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/17230876?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Ahealthsafetyabstracts&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=International+Journal+of+Surface+Mining%2C+Reclamation+and+Environment&rft.atitle=Ground+control+for+highwall+mining+in+the+United+States&rft.au=Zipf%2C+RK+Jr%3BMark%2C+C&rft.aulast=Zipf&rft.aufirst=RK&rft.date=2005-09-01&rft.volume=19&rft.issue=3&rft.spage=188&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=International+Journal+of+Surface+Mining%2C+Reclamation+and+Environment&rft.issn=13895265&rft_id=info:doi/10.1080%2F13895260500165353 LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-07-01 N1 - Last updated - 2015-03-25 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Safety regulations; Occupational safety; Coal; USA DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/13895260500165353 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Atypical reactions associated with heroin use--five states, January-April 2005. AN - 68489959; 16107783 AB - Heroin use typically produces a well-recognized syndrome of euphoria, miosis, and respiratory and central nervous system depression; cardiovascular effects are not a common finding. In January 2005, a man aged 21 years in New Jersey was hospitalized with an atypical reaction (e.g., tachycardia and palpitations) after reported heroin use. During the next 3 months, 25 additional persons in five states were reported to poison control centers (PCCs) and local public health agencies with a similar reaction after reported heroin use; in all, 24 of 26 patients were hospitalized. Analysis of drug specimens or testing of urine was performed in certain cases; in eight patients, the veterinary pharmaceutical clenbuterol was detected. This report describes four representative cases and summarizes the investigation by state and local health and law enforcement authorities and CDC into the 26 cases of atypical reactions after heroin use reported in five states (Connecticut, New Jersey, New York, North Carolina, and South Carolina) during January 28-April 17, 2005. Unintentional or intentional adulteration of illicit drugs such as cocaine or heroin is an additional potential hazard associated with their use. JF - MMWR. Morbidity and mortality weekly report AU - Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) AD - Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) Y1 - 2005/08/19/ PY - 2005 DA - 2005 Aug 19 SP - 793 EP - 796 VL - 54 IS - 32 KW - Adrenergic beta-Agonists KW - 0 KW - Street Drugs KW - Clenbuterol KW - XTZ6AXU7KN KW - Index Medicus KW - Hypotension -- chemically induced KW - New Jersey -- epidemiology KW - Hypokalemia -- chemically induced KW - Humans KW - Connecticut -- epidemiology KW - Adult KW - Poisoning -- epidemiology KW - Poisoning -- etiology KW - North Carolina -- epidemiology KW - New York -- epidemiology KW - Male KW - South Carolina -- epidemiology KW - Adrenergic beta-Agonists -- poisoning KW - Clenbuterol -- poisoning KW - Tachycardia -- chemically induced KW - Street Drugs -- poisoning KW - Heroin Dependence -- complications UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/68489959?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=MMWR.+Morbidity+and+mortality+weekly+report&rft.atitle=Atypical+reactions+associated+with+heroin+use--five+states%2C+January-April+2005.&rft.au=Centers+for+Disease+Control+and+Prevention+%28CDC%29&rft.aulast=Centers+for+Disease+Control+and+Prevention+%28CDC%29&rft.aufirst=&rft.date=2005-08-19&rft.volume=54&rft.issue=32&rft.spage=793&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=MMWR.+Morbidity+and+mortality+weekly+report&rft.issn=1545-861X&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 2005-08-23 N1 - Date created - 2005-08-18 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - SuppNotes - Erratum In: MMWR Morb Mortal Wkly Rep. 2005 Sep 2;54(34):852 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Mercury exposure--Kentucky, 2004. AN - 68488553; 16107784 AB - In November 2004, a student aged 15 years brought a small vial of liquid mercury onto a school bus and into a high school in Kentucky. A subsequent investigation revealed that mercury had been in the student's possession for more than a year and that substantial amounts had been spilled in multiple locations. This report describes the results of that investigation, which indicated that 1) duration of exposure was associated with the amount of mercury absorbed by exposed persons and 2) extensive multiagency collaboration facilitated an efficient response. The investigation further revealed that, although mercury exposure is common, clinicians might not be aware of how to evaluate and treat patients with mercury exposure. State and federal health agencies should provide schools, clinicians, and local health department staff with readily accessible guidelines for use in mercury spills and exposures. JF - MMWR. Morbidity and mortality weekly report AU - Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) AD - Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) Y1 - 2005/08/19/ PY - 2005 DA - 2005 Aug 19 SP - 797 EP - 799 VL - 54 IS - 32 KW - Mercury KW - FXS1BY2PGL KW - Index Medicus KW - Humans KW - Adolescent KW - Kentucky -- epidemiology KW - Mercury Poisoning -- prevention & control KW - Schools KW - Environmental Exposure -- analysis KW - Environmental Exposure -- prevention & control KW - Mercury Poisoning -- epidemiology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/68488553?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Annals+of+epidemiology&rft.atitle=Substance+use%2C+firearm+availability%2C+depressive+symptoms%2C+and+mental+health+service+utilization+among+white+and+African+American+suicide+decedents+aged+15+to+64+years.&rft.au=Kung%2C+Hsiang-Ching%3BPearson%2C+Jane+L%3BWei%2C+Rong&rft.aulast=Kung&rft.aufirst=Hsiang-Ching&rft.date=2005-09-01&rft.volume=15&rft.issue=8&rft.spage=614&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Annals+of+epidemiology&rft.issn=10472797&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 2005-08-23 N1 - Date created - 2005-08-18 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Human responses to augmented virtual scaffolding models. AN - 68731037; 16253942 AB - This study investigated the effect of adding real planks, in virtual scaffolding models of elevation, on human performance in a surround-screen virtual reality (SSVR) system. Twenty-four construction workers and 24 inexperienced controls performed walking tasks on real and virtual planks at three virtual heights (0, 6 m, 12 m) and two scaffolding-platform-width conditions (30, 60 cm). Gait patterns, walking instability measurements and cardiovascular reactivity were assessed. The results showed differences in human responses to real vs. virtual planks in walking patterns, instability score and heart-rate inter-beat intervals; it appeared that adding real planks in the SSVR virtual scaffolding model enhanced the quality of SSVR as a human - environment interface research tool. In addition, there were significant differences in performance between construction workers and the control group. The inexperienced participants were more unstable as compared to construction workers. Both groups increased their stride length with repetitions of the task, indicating a possibly confidence- or habit-related learning effect. The practical implications of this study are in the adoption of augmented virtual models of elevated construction environments for injury prevention research, and the development of programme for balance-control training to reduce the risk of falls at elevation before workers enter a construction job. JF - Ergonomics AU - Hsiao, Hongwei AU - Simeonov, Peter AU - Dotson, Brian AU - Ammons, Douglas AU - Kau, Tsui-Ying AU - Chiou, Sharon AD - Protective Technology Branch, Division of Safety Research, National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, 1095 Willowdale Rd., Morgantown, WV 26505, USA. hhsiao@cdc.gov Y1 - 2005/08/15/ PY - 2005 DA - 2005 Aug 15 SP - 1223 EP - 1242 VL - 48 IS - 10 SN - 0014-0139, 0014-0139 KW - Index Medicus KW - Space life sciences KW - Occupational Exposure KW - Controlled Clinical Trials as Topic KW - Altitude KW - Inservice Training KW - Humans KW - Adult KW - Middle Aged KW - Male KW - Female KW - West Virginia KW - Walking KW - User-Computer Interface KW - Facility Design and Construction -- manpower UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/68731037?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Ergonomics&rft.atitle=Human+responses+to+augmented+virtual+scaffolding+models.&rft.au=Hsiao%2C+Hongwei%3BSimeonov%2C+Peter%3BDotson%2C+Brian%3BAmmons%2C+Douglas%3BKau%2C+Tsui-Ying%3BChiou%2C+Sharon&rft.aulast=Hsiao&rft.aufirst=Hongwei&rft.date=2005-08-15&rft.volume=48&rft.issue=10&rft.spage=1223&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Ergonomics&rft.issn=00140139&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 2005-12-30 N1 - Date created - 2005-10-28 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Human rabies--Florida, 2004. AN - 68473023; 16094285 AB - Rabies is a viral infection of the central nervous system, usually contracted from the bite of an infected animal, and nearly always fatal without postexposure prophylaxis. In February 2004, a man aged 41 years died after a 4-day hospitalization in Broward County, Florida. A diagnosis of rabies was considered on the day before the patient's death; however, no antemortem samples were obtained for testing. In March 2004, postmortem samples of fixed brain material were sent to CDC, where laboratory testing confirmed a diagnosis of rabies, the 47th case of human rabies reported in the United States since 1990 (CDC, unpublished data, 2005). This report summarizes results of the subsequent investigation led by the Broward County Health Department and laboratory testing at CDC, which determined that the rabies virus was a canine variant present in Haiti, where the man had traveled and reportedly been bitten by a dog. Rabies should be considered in persons after a dog bite, especially if the bite occurs in a country where canine rabies is enzootic. JF - MMWR. Morbidity and mortality weekly report AU - Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) AD - Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) Y1 - 2005/08/12/ PY - 2005 DA - 2005 Aug 12 SP - 767 EP - 768 VL - 54 IS - 31 KW - Index Medicus KW - Haiti KW - Fatal Outcome KW - Autopsy KW - Animals KW - Humans KW - Adult KW - Dogs KW - Bites and Stings KW - Rabies virus -- isolation & purification KW - Male KW - Florida -- epidemiology KW - Rabies -- transmission KW - Rabies -- pathology KW - Rabies -- epidemiology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/68473023?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=MMWR.+Morbidity+and+mortality+weekly+report&rft.atitle=Human+rabies--Florida%2C+2004.&rft.au=Centers+for+Disease+Control+and+Prevention+%28CDC%29&rft.aulast=Centers+for+Disease+Control+and+Prevention+%28CDC%29&rft.aufirst=&rft.date=2005-08-12&rft.volume=54&rft.issue=31&rft.spage=767&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=MMWR.+Morbidity+and+mortality+weekly+report&rft.issn=1545-861X&rft_id=info:doi/10.1038%2Fsj.ijo.0803078 LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 2005-08-12 N1 - Date created - 2005-08-11 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Antituberculosis drug resistance and anonymous HIV surveillance in tuberculosis patients in Botswana, 2002 AN - 17404799; 6514994 AB - Two surveys undertaken in Botswana in the 1990s have recorded low rates of antituberculosis drug resistance, despite a three-fold rise in tuberculosis since 1989. We undertook a third survey to determine both trends since 1995 and HIV prevalence in tuberculosis patients in Botswana. Sputum specimens were obtained from patients nationwide in 2002 who also underwent anonymous, rapid HIV testing by use of Oraquick. Of 2200 sputum smear-positive patients and 219 previously treated patients with suspected recurrent tuberculosis, 1457 (60%) were infected with HIV. Resistance to at least one drug in new patients rose from 16 (3.7%) isolates in 1995 to 123 (10.4%; p<0.0001) in 2002. Interventions for tuberculosis control are urgently needed in Botswana to prevent further emergence of drug resistance. JF - Lancet AU - Nelson, L J AU - Talbot, E A AU - Mwasekaga, MJ AU - Nginibiu, P K AU - Mwansa, R A AU - Notha, M AU - Wells, C D AD - Division of Tuberculosis Elimination, National Center for HIV, STD, and TB Prevention, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), Atlanta, GA 30333, USA, lbn9@cdc.gov Y1 - 2005/08/12/ PY - 2005 DA - 2005 Aug 12 SP - 488 EP - 490 VL - 366 IS - 9484 SN - 0099-5355, 0099-5355 KW - HIV KW - Microbiology Abstracts B: Bacteriology; Virology & AIDS Abstracts KW - Human immunodeficiency virus KW - Drug resistance KW - Botswana KW - Tuberculosis KW - Sputum KW - Mycobacterium tuberculosis KW - V 22005:AIDS: Epidemiological aspects KW - J 02845:Ear, nose and respiratory tract UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/17404799?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologyb&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Lancet&rft.atitle=Antituberculosis+drug+resistance+and+anonymous+HIV+surveillance+in+tuberculosis+patients+in+Botswana%2C+2002&rft.au=Nelson%2C+L+J%3BTalbot%2C+E+A%3BMwasekaga%2C+MJ%3BNginibiu%2C+P+K%3BMwansa%2C+R+A%3BNotha%2C+M%3BWells%2C+C+D&rft.aulast=Nelson&rft.aufirst=L&rft.date=2005-08-12&rft.volume=366&rft.issue=9484&rft.spage=488&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Lancet&rft.issn=00995355&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-02-01 N1 - Last updated - 2015-03-25 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Drug resistance; Tuberculosis; Sputum; Human immunodeficiency virus; Mycobacterium tuberculosis; Botswana ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Biomarkers to assess potential developmental immunotoxicity in children. AN - 67956982; 15967213 AB - Clinical tests are readily available for assessing severe loss of immune function in children with diseases such as AIDS or primary immunodeficiency. However tests that could reliably identify subtle immune changes, as might be expected to result from exposure to developmental immunotoxic agents, are not readily available. A number of tests are described which we believe have potential applicability for epidemiological studies involving developmental immunotoxicity. Several of the tests, such as T cell receptor rearrangement excision circles (TRECs) and cytokine measurements, while highly relevant from a biological standpoint, may be precluded from use at the current time, for either technical issues or insufficient validation. Immunophenotyping and measurement of serum immunoglobulin levels, on the other hand, are well validated. Yet they may require extraordinary care in experimental design and technical performance in order to obtain data that would consistently detect subtle changes, as these tests are not generally considered highly sensitive. Quantification of the immune response to childhood vaccine, while up to the present used sparingly, may represent an excellent indicator for developmental immunotoxicity when conducted under appropriate conditions. JF - Toxicology and applied pharmacology AU - Luster, Michael I AU - Johnson, Victor J AU - Yucesoy, Berran AU - Simeonova, Petia P AD - Toxicology and Molecular Biology Branch, Health Effects Laboratory Division, National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, 1095 Willowdale Road, Morgantown, WV 26505, USA. MLuster@cdc.gov Y1 - 2005/08/07/ PY - 2005 DA - 2005 Aug 07 SP - 229 EP - 236 VL - 206 IS - 2 SN - 0041-008X, 0041-008X KW - Antigens, CD KW - 0 KW - Biomarkers KW - Cytokines KW - Immunoglobulins KW - Vaccines KW - Index Medicus KW - Vaccines -- immunology KW - Antigens, CD -- analysis KW - Gene Rearrangement, T-Lymphocyte KW - Humans KW - Cytokines -- biosynthesis KW - Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome -- immunology KW - Immunoglobulins -- blood KW - Child KW - Immune System -- drug effects UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/67956982?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Toxicology+and+applied+pharmacology&rft.atitle=Biomarkers+to+assess+potential+developmental+immunotoxicity+in+children.&rft.au=Luster%2C+Michael+I%3BJohnson%2C+Victor+J%3BYucesoy%2C+Berran%3BSimeonova%2C+Petia+P&rft.aulast=Luster&rft.aufirst=Michael&rft.date=2005-08-07&rft.volume=206&rft.issue=2&rft.spage=229&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Toxicology+and+applied+pharmacology&rft.issn=0041008X&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 2005-08-18 N1 - Date created - 2005-06-21 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Metabolomic and proteomic biomarkers for III-V semiconductors: Chemical-specific porphyrinurias and proteinurias AN - 20777186; 8251285 AB - A pressing need exists to develop and validate molecular biomarkers to assess the early effects of chemical agents, both individually and in mixtures. This is particularly true for new and chemically intensive industries such as the semiconductor industry. Previous studies from this laboratory and others have demonstrated element-specific alterations of the heme biosynthetic pathway for the III-V semiconductors gallium arsenide (GaAs) and indium arsenide (InAs) with attendant increased urinary excretion of specific heme precursors. These data represent an example of a metabolomic biomarker to assess chemical effects early, before clinical disease develops. Previous studies have demonstrated that the intratracheal or subcutaneous administration of GaAs and InAs particles to hamsters produces the induction of the major stress protein gene families in renal proximal tubule cells. This was monitored by 35-S methionine labeling of gene products followed by two-dimensional gel electrophoresis after exposure to InAs particles. The present studies examined whether these effects were associated with the development of compound-specific proteinuria after 10 or 30 days following subcutaneous injection of GaAs or InAs particles in hamsters. The results of these studies demonstrated the development of GaAs- and InAs-specific alterations in renal tubule cell protein expression patterns that varied at 10 and 30 days. At the 30-day point, cells in hamsters that received InAs particles showed marked attenuation of protein expression, suggesting inhibition of the stress protein response. These changes were associated with GaAs and InAs proteinuria patterns as monitored by two-dimensional gel electrophoresis and silver staining. The intensity of the protein excretion patterns increased between the 10- and 30-day points and was most pronounced for animals in the 30-day InAs treatment group. No overt morphologic signs of cell death were seen in renal tubule cells of these animals. Western blot analyses of the urines with antibodies to the 32-, 70-, and 90-kDa stress protein families did not show the presence of these molecules, indicating that these proteins were not excreted in the urine samples. These data suggest that the observed proteinuria patterns were not a result of cell death and that the observed chemical-specific proteinurias were produced before marked cellular toxicity. These findings suggest a hypothesis involving GaAs and InAs interference with stress protein chaperoning of reabsorbed proteins for proteosomic degradation and the probable chaperoning of damaged intracellular proteins from renal proximal tubule cells into the urinary filtrate. Overall, the results of these studies provide further information on the nephrotoxicity of these semiconductor compounds. They also suggest the use of two-dimensional gel electrophoresis with silver staining of urinary protein patterns as a potentially useful proteomic approach to renal damage early in relation to intracellular proteotoxicity in kidney tubule cells. JF - Toxicology and Applied Pharmacology AU - Fowler, BA AU - Conner, E A AU - Yamauchi, H AD - University of Maryland, Baltimore, MD 21201, USA, bxf9@cdc.gov Y1 - 2005/08/07/ PY - 2005 DA - 2005 Aug 07 SP - 121 EP - 130 PB - Elsevier Science, P.O. Box 211 Amsterdam 1000 AE Netherlands, [mailto:nlinfo-f@elsevier.nl], [URL:http://www.elsevier.nl/] VL - 206 IS - 2 SN - 0041-008X, 0041-008X KW - Toxicology Abstracts KW - Western blotting KW - Heme KW - stress proteins KW - Gallium arsenide KW - Toxicity KW - Gene families KW - biomarkers KW - Gel electrophoresis KW - Methionine KW - Cell death KW - Proteinuria KW - Antibodies KW - Proximal tubules KW - Urine KW - renal tubules KW - Kidney KW - Excretion KW - proteomics KW - Trachea KW - metabolomics KW - X 24310:Pharmaceuticals UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/20777186?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxicologyabstracts&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Toxicology+and+Applied+Pharmacology&rft.atitle=Metabolomic+and+proteomic+biomarkers+for+III-V+semiconductors%3A+Chemical-specific+porphyrinurias+and+proteinurias&rft.au=Fowler%2C+BA%3BConner%2C+E+A%3BYamauchi%2C+H&rft.aulast=Fowler&rft.aufirst=BA&rft.date=2005-08-07&rft.volume=206&rft.issue=2&rft.spage=121&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Toxicology+and+Applied+Pharmacology&rft.issn=0041008X&rft_id=info:doi/10.1016%2Fj.taap.2005.01.020 LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2008-07-01 N1 - Last updated - 2015-03-27 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Western blotting; Heme; Gallium arsenide; stress proteins; Toxicity; Gene families; biomarkers; Methionine; Gel electrophoresis; Antibodies; Proteinuria; Cell death; Proximal tubules; renal tubules; Urine; Kidney; Excretion; proteomics; Trachea; metabolomics DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.taap.2005.01.020 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Binge drinking and violence. AN - 68444271; 16077057 JF - JAMA AU - Brewer, Robert D AU - Swahn, Monica H AD - Emerging Investigations and Analytic Methods Branch, Division of Adult and Community Health, National Center for Chronic Disease Prevention and Health Promotion, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Ga 30341, USA. bbrewer1@cdc.gov Y1 - 2005/08/03/ PY - 2005 DA - 2005 Aug 03 SP - 616 EP - 618 VL - 294 IS - 5 KW - Ethanol KW - 3K9958V90M KW - Abridged Index Medicus KW - Index Medicus KW - Risk KW - Wounds and Injuries -- epidemiology KW - Ethanol -- poisoning KW - Humans KW - United States -- epidemiology KW - Public Health KW - Alcoholic Intoxication -- epidemiology KW - Violence -- statistics & numerical data KW - Violence -- prevention & control KW - Alcoholic Intoxication -- prevention & control UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/68444271?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=JAMA&rft.atitle=Binge+drinking+and+violence.&rft.au=Brewer%2C+Robert+D%3BSwahn%2C+Monica+H&rft.aulast=Brewer&rft.aufirst=Robert&rft.date=2005-08-03&rft.volume=294&rft.issue=5&rft.spage=616&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=JAMA&rft.issn=1538-3598&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 2005-08-05 N1 - Date created - 2005-08-03 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Mercury exposure: evaluation and intervention the inappropriate use of chelating agents in the diagnosis and treatment of putative mercury poisoning. AN - 68505434; 16009427 AB - Public awareness of the potential for mercury to cause health problems has increased dramatically in the last 15 years. It is now widely recognized that significant exposure to all forms of mercury (elemental/metallic and both inorganic and organic compounds) can result in a variety of adverse health effects, including neurological, renal, respiratory, immune, dermatologic, reproductive, and developmental sequellae. And while the various media have made the general population cognizant of the need to avoid unnecessary exposure to this naturally occurring element, there has also evolved a growing tendency to attribute unexplainable neurologic, as well as other, signs and symptoms to mercury, whether or not significant exposure to mercury has actually occurred. For the physician, making a diagnosis of mercury intoxication can be difficult, because many of the clinical signs and symptoms of mercury exposure can also be attributed to any number of causes, including undiagnosed neurological diseases, pharmacotherapy, vitamin or mineral deficiencies, and psychological stress. The physician must be able to recognize the clinical manifestations of mercury intoxication, and understand the importance of biological markers in making a definitive diagnosis of mercury poisoning. In a desire to treat the patient complaining of symptoms similar to some that can be caused by mercury, a growing number of physicians, particularly those in alternative medicine fields, result to chelation to "rid" the body of the mercury, believed to be the cause of the ailments. And although the use of chelation is increasing, controlled studies showing that this procedure actually improves outcome are lacking. If chelation therapy is considered to be indicated, the attending physician should communicate the risks of chelation to the patient before beginning treatment with metal-chelating drugs. JF - Neurotoxicology AU - Risher, John F AU - Amler, Sherlita N AD - Agency for Toxic Substances and Disease Registry, Division of Toxicology (F-32), 1600 Clifton Road, Atlanta, GA 30333, USA. jrisher@cdc.gov Y1 - 2005/08// PY - 2005 DA - August 2005 SP - 691 EP - 699 VL - 26 IS - 4 SN - 0161-813X, 0161-813X KW - Chelating Agents KW - 0 KW - Mercury KW - FXS1BY2PGL KW - Index Medicus KW - Humans KW - Treatment Outcome KW - Environmental Exposure KW - Mercury -- toxicity KW - Neurotoxicity Syndromes -- diagnosis KW - Mercury Poisoning -- drug therapy KW - Chelating Agents -- therapeutic use KW - Mercury Poisoning -- diagnosis KW - Neurotoxicity Syndromes -- drug therapy UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/68505434?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Neurotoxicology&rft.atitle=Mercury+exposure%3A+evaluation+and+intervention+the+inappropriate+use+of+chelating+agents+in+the+diagnosis+and+treatment+of+putative+mercury+poisoning.&rft.au=Risher%2C+John+F%3BAmler%2C+Sherlita+N&rft.aulast=Risher&rft.aufirst=John&rft.date=2005-08-01&rft.volume=26&rft.issue=4&rft.spage=691&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Neurotoxicology&rft.issn=0161813X&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 2005-10-19 N1 - Date created - 2005-08-22 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Induced sputum evaluation in microwave popcorn production workers. AN - 68479837; 16100197 AB - Severe airways obstruction and bronchiolitis obliterans have been reported in microwave popcorn production workers and attributed to inhalation of flavoring agents. We investigated whether exposure to flavoring agents is associated with airways inflammation in popcorn production workers. Fifty-nine workers with high exposures and 22 patients with low exposures to flavoring vapors completed a questionnaire, spirometry, and sputum induction. Sputum cell counts were categorized as "high" if greater than (and "low" if less than or equal to) the median cell counts of a healthy external control group (n = 24). We compared high- and low-exposure groups as well as all workers with control subjects. Neutrophil concentrations in nonsmoking workers were significantly higher than those of the healthy nonsmoking control group (p 1.63 x 10(5)/mL) was 3.8 (95% confidence interval, 1.3 to 11.5) in the high-exposure group compared with the low-exposure group. Sputum interleukin-8 and eosinophil cationic protein levels were higher in high-exposure workers than in low-exposure workers (p 95%. There were no relationships between sputum characteristics and the presence of airways obstruction. High exposure to popcorn flavoring agents is associated with neutrophilic airway inflammation in popcorn production workers. These data provide further evidence that popcorn production workers face a significant occupational hazard through exposure to flavoring agents. JF - Chest AU - Akpinar-Elci, Muge AU - Stemple, Kimberly J AU - Enright, Paul L AU - Fahy, John V AU - Bledsoe, Toni A AU - Kreiss, Kathleen AU - Weissman, David N AD - NIOSH Division of Respiratory Diseases Studies, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention/National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, Field Studies Branch, Mail Stop H-2800, 1095 Willowdale Rd, Morgantown, WV 26505, USA. melci@cdc.gov Y1 - 2005/08// PY - 2005 DA - August 2005 SP - 991 EP - 997 VL - 128 IS - 2 SN - 0012-3692, 0012-3692 KW - Abridged Index Medicus KW - Index Medicus KW - Zea mays KW - Humans KW - Adult KW - Male KW - Female KW - Occupational Exposure KW - Occupational Diseases -- diagnosis KW - Lung Diseases -- diagnosis KW - Sputum -- cytology KW - Microwaves KW - Cooking UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/68479837?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Chest&rft.atitle=Induced+sputum+evaluation+in+microwave+popcorn+production+workers.&rft.au=Akpinar-Elci%2C+Muge%3BStemple%2C+Kimberly+J%3BEnright%2C+Paul+L%3BFahy%2C+John+V%3BBledsoe%2C+Toni+A%3BKreiss%2C+Kathleen%3BWeissman%2C+David+N&rft.aulast=Akpinar-Elci&rft.aufirst=Muge&rft.date=2005-08-01&rft.volume=128&rft.issue=2&rft.spage=991&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Chest&rft.issn=00123692&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 2005-09-06 N1 - Date created - 2005-08-15 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Effects of environmental agents on the attainment of puberty: considerations when assessing exposure to environmental chemicals in the National Children's Study. AN - 68446944; 16079085 AB - The apparent decline in the age at puberty in the United States raises a general level of concern because of the potential clinical and social consequences of such an event. Nutritional status, genetic predisposition (race/ethnicity), and environmental chemicals are associated with altered age at puberty. The Exposure to Chemical Agents Working Group of the National Children's Study (NCS) presents an approach to assess exposure for chemicals that may affect the age of maturity in children. The process involves conducting the assessment by life stages (i.e., in utero, postnatal, peripubertal), adopting a general categorization of the environmental chemicals by biologic persistence, and collecting and storing biologic specimens that are most likely to yield meaningful information. The analysis of environmental samples and use of questionnaire data are essential in the assessment of chemicals that cannot be measured in biologic specimens, and they can assist in the evaluation of exposure to nonpersistent chemicals. Food and dietary data may be used to determine the extent to which nutrients and chemicals from this pathway contribute to the variance in the timing of puberty. Additional research is necessary in several of these areas and is ongoing. The NCS is uniquely poised to evaluate the effects of environmental chemicals on the age at puberty, and the above approach will allow the NCS to accomplish this task. JF - Environmental health perspectives AU - Wang, Richard Y AU - Needham, Larry L AU - Barr, Dana B AD - National Center for Environmental Health, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia 30341, USA. RYWang@cdc.gov Y1 - 2005/08// PY - 2005 DA - August 2005 SP - 1100 EP - 1107 VL - 113 IS - 8 SN - 0091-6765, 0091-6765 KW - Environmental Pollutants KW - 0 KW - Inorganic Chemicals KW - Organic Chemicals KW - Index Medicus KW - United States KW - Inorganic Chemicals -- analysis KW - Humans KW - Organic Chemicals -- urine KW - Infant, Newborn KW - Organic Chemicals -- analysis KW - Child KW - Child Welfare KW - Maternal Exposure KW - Pregnancy KW - Child, Preschool KW - Organic Chemicals -- blood KW - Infant KW - Inorganic Chemicals -- urine KW - Epidemiologic Studies KW - Adult KW - Inorganic Chemicals -- blood KW - Adolescent KW - Male KW - Female KW - Environmental Exposure KW - Environmental Pollutants -- urine KW - Environmental Pollutants -- analysis KW - Environmental Pollutants -- blood KW - Environmental Monitoring -- methods KW - Puberty UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/68446944?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Environmental+health+perspectives&rft.atitle=Effects+of+environmental+agents+on+the+attainment+of+puberty%3A+considerations+when+assessing+exposure+to+environmental+chemicals+in+the+National+Children%27s+Study.&rft.au=Wang%2C+Richard+Y%3BNeedham%2C+Larry+L%3BBarr%2C+Dana+B&rft.aulast=Wang&rft.aufirst=Richard&rft.date=2005-08-01&rft.volume=113&rft.issue=8&rft.spage=1100&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Environmental+health+perspectives&rft.issn=00916765&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 2006-02-17 N1 - Date created - 2005-08-04 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - SuppNotes - Cited By: Environ Health Perspect. 2004 Jan;112(1):105-12 [14698938] APMIS. 2001 Feb;109(2):81-8 [11398998] Reprod Toxicol. 2004 Aug-Sep;18(6):803-11 [15279878] Am J Clin Nutr. 2004 Sep;80(3):576-83 [15321795] J Adolesc Health Care. 1980 Sep;1(1):26-9 [6458588] Am J Dis Child. 1986 Dec;140(12):1263-7 [3776944] Hum Toxicol. 1988 Mar;7(2):125-8 [3132417] Int J Cancer. 1990 Nov 15;46(5):796-800 [2228308] Hum Exp Toxicol. 1990 Nov;9(6):371-6 [2125430] J Med Genet. 1992 Oct;29(10):716-23 [1433232] Acta Paediatr. 1993 Aug;82(8):641-4 [8374210] Pediatrics. 1995 Apr;95(4):528-33 [7700753] J Pediatr. 1995 Jul;127(1):100-2 [7608791] J Pediatr Endocrinol Metab. 1995 Jan-Mar;8(1):11-8 [7584691] N Engl J Med. 1996 Sep 12;335(11):783-9 [8703183] Pediatrics. 1997 Apr;99(4):505-12 [9093289] J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 1997 Sep;82(9):2849-55 [9284709] Acta Paediatr. 1997 Oct;86(10):1121-4 [9350897] Am J Epidemiol. 1998 Apr 1;147(7):636-43 [9554602] JAMA. 1998 Aug 19;280(7):630-4 [9718055] J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 1998 Oct;83(10):3574-7 [9768667] J Nutr. 1998 Nov;128(11):1861-8 [9808635] J Expo Anal Environ Epidemiol. 1993;3 Suppl 1:201-9 [9857305] Arch Pediatr Adolesc Med. 1999 Feb;153(2):137-46 [9988243] Pediatrics. 1999 Oct;104(4 Pt 1):936-41 [10506238] Toxicol Sci. 1999 Oct;51(2):236-44 [10543025] Nature. 1999 Oct 21;401(6755):763-4 [10548101] Pediatrics. 2001 Aug;108(2):347-53 [11483799] Arch Pediatr Adolesc Med. 2001 Sep;155(9):988-9 [11529797] Arch Pediatr Adolesc Med. 2001 Sep;155(9):1022-8 [11529804] Pediatrics. 2002 Jan;109(1):61-7 [11773542] Arch Dis Child. 2002 Jan;86(1):8-10 [11806872] Best Pract Res Clin Endocrinol Metab. 2002 Mar;16(1):105-21 [11987902] Horm Res. 2002;57 Suppl 2:19-30 [12065922] Toxicol Sci. 2002 Aug;68(2):361-71 [12151632] Environ Health Perspect. 2002 Aug;110(8):771-6 [12153757] Pediatrics. 2002 Oct;110(4):752-7 [12359790] Pediatrics. 2002 Oct;110(4):e43 [12359816] Pediatrics. 2002 Nov;110(5):911-9 [12415029] Biol Reprod. 2002 Dec;67(6):1734-40 [12444047] Epidemiology. 2003 Jan;14(1):65-73 [12500048] Pediatrics. 2003 Apr;111(4 Pt 1):844-50 [12671122] N Engl J Med. 2003 Apr 17;348(16):1527-36 [12700372] Environ Health Perspect. 2003 May;111(5):737-41 [12727603] N Engl J Med. 2003 Jun 5;348(23):2313-22 [12788995] J Pediatr. 2003 Jun;142(6):643-6 [12838192] J Pediatr Endocrinol Metab. 2003 Sep;16(7):1025-32 [14513880] Endocr Rev. 2003 Oct;24(5):668-93 [14570750] BMC Pediatr. 2003 Apr 30;3:3 [12723990] Environ Health Perspect. 2003 Dec;111(16):1958-62 [14644673] Psychol Med. 2003 Nov;33(8):1369-79 [14672245] Environ Health Perspect. 1998 Nov;106(11):745-50 [9799191] J Pediatr Endocrinol Metab. 1999 Sep-Oct;12(5):639-44 [10703535] J Pediatr. 2000 Apr;136(4):490-6 [10753247] Crit Rev Toxicol. 2000 Mar;30(2):135-96 [10759430] Crit Rev Toxicol. 2000 Mar;30(2):197-252 [10759431] Environ Health Perspect. 2000 Jun;108 Suppl 3:491-503 [10852849] Environ Health Perspect. 2000 Sep;108(9):895-900 [11017896] Epidemiology. 2000 Nov;11(6):641-7 [11055623] Pediatr Res. 2000 Dec;48(6):803-7 [11102550] Theriogenology. 2001 Jan 1;55(1):131-50 [11198078] Hum Reprod. 2001 May;16(5):1020-6 [11331654] Toxicol Appl Pharmacol. 2004 Feb 15;195(1):23-34 [14962502] N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Biologic monitoring of exposure to environmental chemicals throughout the life stages: requirements and issues for consideration for the National Children's Study. AN - 68445308; 16079083 AB - Biomonitoring of exposure is a useful tool for assessing environmental exposures. The matrices available for analyses include blood, urine, breast milk, adipose tissue, and saliva, among others. The sampling can be staged to represent the particular time period of concern: preconceptionally from both parents, from a pregnant woman during each of the three trimesters, during and immediately after childbirth, from the mother postnatally, and from the child as it develops to 21 years of age. The appropriate sample for biomonitoring will depend upon matrix availability, the time period of concern for a particular exposure or health effect, and the different classes of environmental chemicals to be monitored. This article describes the matrices available for biomonitoring during the life stages being evaluated in the National Children's Study; the best biologic matrices for exposure assessment for each individual chemical class, including consideration of alternative matrices; the analytical methods used for analysis, including quality control procedures and less costly alternatives; the costs of analysis; optimal storage conditions; and chemical and matrix stability during long-term storage. JF - Environmental health perspectives AU - Barr, Dana B AU - Wang, Richard Y AU - Needham, Larry L AD - National Center for Environmental Health, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia, USA. dbarr@cdc.gov Y1 - 2005/08// PY - 2005 DA - August 2005 SP - 1083 EP - 1091 VL - 113 IS - 8 SN - 0091-6765, 0091-6765 KW - Allergens KW - 0 KW - Environmental Pollutants KW - Inorganic Chemicals KW - Organic Chemicals KW - Index Medicus KW - United States KW - Inorganic Chemicals -- analysis KW - Allergens -- blood KW - Humans KW - Organic Chemicals -- urine KW - Infant, Newborn KW - Organic Chemicals -- analysis KW - Child KW - Child Welfare KW - Maternal Exposure KW - Pregnancy KW - Child, Preschool KW - Organic Chemicals -- blood KW - Infant KW - Inorganic Chemicals -- urine KW - Epidemiologic Studies KW - Inorganic Chemicals -- blood KW - Adult KW - Allergens -- urine KW - Adolescent KW - Allergens -- analysis KW - Male KW - Female KW - Environmental Exposure KW - Environmental Pollutants -- urine KW - Environmental Pollutants -- analysis KW - Environmental Pollutants -- blood KW - Environmental Monitoring -- methods UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/68445308?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Environmental+health+perspectives&rft.atitle=Biologic+monitoring+of+exposure+to+environmental+chemicals+throughout+the+life+stages%3A+requirements+and+issues+for+consideration+for+the+National+Children%27s+Study.&rft.au=Barr%2C+Dana+B%3BWang%2C+Richard+Y%3BNeedham%2C+Larry+L&rft.aulast=Barr&rft.aufirst=Dana&rft.date=2005-08-01&rft.volume=113&rft.issue=8&rft.spage=1083&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Environmental+health+perspectives&rft.issn=00916765&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 2006-02-17 N1 - Date created - 2005-08-04 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - SuppNotes - Cited By: J Toxicol Environ Health A. 2000 Apr 28;59(8):605-39 [10839496] J Toxicol Sci. 1998 Jul;23 Suppl 2:155-9 [9760454] J Anal Toxicol. 2000 Jul-Aug;24(5):333-9 [10926356] Environ Health Perspect. 2000 Oct;108(10):979-82 [11049818] J Expo Anal Environ Epidemiol. 2000 Nov-Dec;10(6 Pt 2):611-29 [11138654] J Expo Anal Environ Epidemiol. 2000 Nov-Dec;10(6 Pt 2):703-9 [11138662] Environ Health Perspect. 2001 Jan;109(1):75-88 [11171529] Ann Fr Anesth Reanim. 2001 Jan;20(1):10-5 [11234571] Environ Health Perspect. 2001 Apr;109(4):417-20 [11335191] Environ Health Perspect. 2001 Jun;109(6):583-90 [11445512] Toxicol Lett. 2002 Mar 28;129(3):199-205 [11888703] Toxicol Lett. 2002 Aug 5;134(1-3):65-70 [12191862] J Chromatogr B Analyt Technol Biomed Life Sci. 2002 Oct 5;778(1-2):5-29 [12376114] J Chromatogr B Analyt Technol Biomed Life Sci. 2002 Oct 5;778(1-2):99-111 [12376118] Am J Respir Crit Care Med. 2002 Dec 15;166(12 Pt 2):S31-7 [12471086] Ambul Pediatr. 2003 Jan-Feb;3(1):40-3 [12540253] Pediatr Emerg Care. 1998 Dec;14(6):399-402 [9881983] J Pediatr. 2003 Oct;143(4):463-9 [14571221] Environ Toxicol Chem. 2003 Nov;22(11):2639-49 [14587903] Environ Health Perspect. 2003 Nov;111(14):1779-82 [14594631] Pediatrics. 2004 May;113(5):e429-34 [15121985] Toxicology. 2004 May 20;198(1-3):19-24 [15138025] Environ Health Perspect. 2004 May;112(7):A396-7 [15159211] J Expo Anal Environ Epidemiol. 2004 Sep;14(5):378-84 [15361896] Annu Rev Genomics Hum Genet. 2004;5:267-93 [15485350] IARC Sci Publ. 1988;(85):287-91 [3182051] J Toxicol Environ Health. 1989;27(2):165-71 [2733058] Arch Environ Contam Toxicol. 1989 Jul-Aug;18(4):495-500 [2505694] Arch Environ Health. 1989 Nov-Dec;44(6):351-4 [2514628] J Chromatogr. 1992 Sep 16;580(1-2):229-55 [1400824] J Expo Anal Environ Epidemiol. 1992 Jul-Sep;2(3):341-55 [1422163] Neurotoxicology. 1992 Winter;13(4):809-19 [1302307] J Pediatr. 1994 Mar;124(3):471-6 [8120724] Clin Chem. 1994 Jul;40(7 Pt 2):1401-4 [8013127] Bull Environ Contam Toxicol. 1995 Feb;54(2):245-50 [7742633] Environ Health Perspect. 1995 Apr;103 Suppl 3:13-29 [7635107] Curr Probl Pediatr. 1999 Feb;29(2):37-56 [10021686] Toxicol Ind Health. 1999 Jan-Mar;15(1-2):168-79 [10188199] Alcohol Clin Exp Res. 1999 Mar;23(3):487-93 [10195823] Biol Trace Elem Res. 1999 Oct;70(1):29-40 [10493182] Toxicol Pathol. 2004 Nov-Dec;32(6):619-42 [15580702] Arch Pathol Lab Med. 2004 Dec;128(12):1337-45 [15578876] G Ital Med Lav Ergon. 2004 Oct-Dec;26(4):370-4 [15584447] Cas Lek Cesk. 2004;143(10):691-6 [15584620] Am J Pharmacogenomics. 2004;4(6):383-93 [15651899] J Dermatol. 2004 Oct;31(10):784-93 [15672704] J AOAC Int. 2004 Nov-Dec;87(6):1423-32 [15675455] Environ Health Perspect. 2005 Feb;113(2):192-200 [15687057] J Expo Anal Environ Epidemiol. 2005 Mar;15(2):164-71 [15187987] Environ Health Perspect. 2005 Aug;113(8):1076-82 [16079082] J Expo Anal Environ Epidemiol. 1995 Jul-Sep;5(3):405-24 [8814778] J Toxicol Environ Health. 1996 Mar;47(4):363-78 [8600289] J Toxicol Environ Health. 1996 Feb 23;47(3):209-20 [8604146] Sci Total Environ. 1997 Jun 20;199(1-2):173-81 [9200861] Zentralbl Hyg Umweltmed. 1996 Jul;198(6):485-501 [9353539] J Toxicol Environ Health A. 1998 Jan 23;53(2):85-93 [9444313] J Toxicol Environ Health A. 1998 Feb 20;53(4):283-92 [9490326] Hum Exp Toxicol. 1998 Jan;17(1):29-34 [9491335] Arch Toxicol. 1998 Apr;72(5):309-13 [9630018] Environ Health Perspect. 2000 Jun;108(6):515-20 [10856024] N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Exposure assessment in the National Children's Study: introduction. AN - 68444509; 16079082 AB - The science of exposure assessment is relatively new and evolving rapidly with the advancement of sophisticated methods for specific measurements at the picogram per gram level or lower in a variety of environmental and biologic matrices. Without this measurement capability, environmental health studies rely on questionnaires or other indirect means as the primary method to assess individual exposures. Although we use indirect methods, they are seldom used as stand-alone tools. Analyses of environmental and biologic samples have allowed us to get more precise data on exposure pathways, from sources to concentrations, to routes, to exposure, to doses. They also often allow a better estimation of the absorbed dose and its relation to potential adverse health outcomes in individuals and in populations. Here, we make note of various environmental agents and how best to assess exposure to them in the National Children's Study--a longitudinal epidemiologic study of children's health. Criteria for the analytical method of choice are discussed with particular emphasis on the need for long-term quality control and quality assurance measures. JF - Environmental health perspectives AU - Needham, Larry L AU - Ozkaynak, Halûk AU - Whyatt, Robin M AU - Barr, Dana B AU - Wang, Richard Y AU - Naeher, Luke AU - Akland, Gerry AU - Bahadori, Tina AU - Bradman, Asa AU - Fortmann, Roy AU - Liu, L-J Sally AU - Morandi, Maria AU - O'Rourke, Mary Kay AU - Thomas, Kent AU - Quackenboss, James AU - Ryan, P Barry AU - Zartarian, Valerie AD - Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia, USA. lneedham@cdc.gov Y1 - 2005/08// PY - 2005 DA - August 2005 SP - 1076 EP - 1082 VL - 113 IS - 8 SN - 0091-6765, 0091-6765 KW - Allergens KW - 0 KW - Environmental Pollutants KW - Inorganic Chemicals KW - Organic Chemicals KW - Index Medicus KW - United States KW - Inorganic Chemicals -- analysis KW - United States Environmental Protection Agency KW - Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (U.S.) KW - Humans KW - Infant, Newborn KW - Organic Chemicals -- analysis KW - Child KW - Child Welfare KW - Maternal Exposure KW - Pregnancy KW - Child, Preschool KW - Infant KW - Epidemiologic Studies KW - National Institutes of Health (U.S.) KW - Adult KW - Surveys and Questionnaires KW - Adolescent KW - Allergens -- analysis KW - Male KW - Female KW - Environmental Exposure KW - Environmental Pollutants -- analysis KW - Environmental Monitoring -- methods UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/68444509?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Environmental+health+perspectives&rft.atitle=Exposure+assessment+in+the+National+Children%27s+Study%3A+introduction.&rft.au=Needham%2C+Larry+L%3BOzkaynak%2C+Hal%C3%BBk%3BWhyatt%2C+Robin+M%3BBarr%2C+Dana+B%3BWang%2C+Richard+Y%3BNaeher%2C+Luke%3BAkland%2C+Gerry%3BBahadori%2C+Tina%3BBradman%2C+Asa%3BFortmann%2C+Roy%3BLiu%2C+L-J+Sally%3BMorandi%2C+Maria%3BO%27Rourke%2C+Mary+Kay%3BThomas%2C+Kent%3BQuackenboss%2C+James%3BRyan%2C+P+Barry%3BZartarian%2C+Valerie&rft.aulast=Needham&rft.aufirst=Larry&rft.date=2005-08-01&rft.volume=113&rft.issue=8&rft.spage=1076&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Environmental+health+perspectives&rft.issn=00916765&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 2006-02-17 N1 - Date created - 2005-08-04 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - SuppNotes - Cited By: Environ Health Perspect. 2005 Aug;113(8):1092-9 [16079084] Environ Health Perspect. 2005 Aug;113(8):1083-91 [16079083] Environ Health Perspect. 2000 Jun;108(6):505-14 [10856023] Lancet. 2000 May 27;355(9218):1858-63 [10866441] J Expo Anal Environ Epidemiol. 2000 Nov-Dec;10(6 Pt 2):611-29 [11138654] J Expo Anal Environ Epidemiol. 2001 May-Jun;11(3):231-52 [11477521] J Expo Anal Environ Epidemiol. 2001 Nov-Dec;11(6):470-89 [11791164] Environ Health Perspect. 2002 Jun;110(6):A317-24 [12055062] J Toxicol Environ Health A. 2002 Nov 22;65(22):1893-908 [12470493] Environ Health Perspect. 2003 Apr;111(4):642-6 [12676629] Pediatrics. 2003 Dec;112(6 Pt 1):1215-30 [14654589] Environ Health Perspect. 2004 Jul;112(10):1125-32 [15238288] Int Arch Occup Environ Health. 1991;62(8):537-42 [1856007] J Expo Anal Environ Epidemiol. 1995 Jul-Sep;5(3):375-403 [8814777] Environ Health Perspect. 1997 Jun;105(6):598-605 [9288494] J Expo Anal Environ Epidemiol. 1997 Oct-Dec;7(4):411-37 [9306230] Am Ind Hyg Assoc J. 1999 Mar-Apr;60(2):237-42 [10222574] Environ Health Perspect. 2004 Dec;112(17):1691-6 [15579415] Anal Bioanal Chem. 2005 Jan;381(2):397-404 [15616776] Environ Health Perspect. 2005 Apr;113(4):494-8 [15811842] Neurotoxicology. 2005 Aug;26(4):531-45 [16112319] N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - HIV incidence and factors contributed to retention in a 12-month follow-up study of injection drug users in Sichuan Province, China. AN - 68022399; 16010170 AB - HIV-1 seroconversion and subtype were evaluated, and factors associated with cohort retention were analyzed for subjects' baseline sociodemographic and behavioral characteristics in a 12-month follow-up study of injection drug users (IDUs). In November 2002, a community-based baseline survey was conducted to recruit 333 HIV-seronegative IDUs for a prospective cohort study in Xichang County of Sichuan Province, China. During the 12-month follow-up period, HIV incidence was 3.17 per 100 person-years (95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.98, 5.37), and all subtypes of 8 HIV-1 seroconversions were CRF_07BC. The retention rate at the 12-month follow-up visit was 70.3% (234 of 333 subjects). In a multiple logistic regression model, ethnicity (OR = 0.60, 95% CI: 0.34, 1.04) and appearing at the 6-month follow-up visit (OR = 9.03, 95% CI: 5.14, 15.89) were independently associated with retention. No drug-using or sexual behaviors were found to be associated with retention. This study confirmed one of drug-trafficking routes in mainland China, from Yunnan to Sichuan and then to Xinjiang. This study also suggested that HIV is spreading rapidly to more geographic areas along drug-trafficking routes in China, and a short-term follow-up rate may predict a long-term retention rate in this IDU cohort. JF - Journal of acquired immune deficiency syndromes (1999) AU - Ruan, Yuhua AU - Qin, Guangming AU - Liu, Shizhu AU - Qian, Hanzhu AU - Zhang, Li AU - Zhou, Feng AU - He, Yixin AU - Chen, Kanglin AU - Yin, Lu AU - Chen, Xianhuang AU - Hao, Qinlin AU - Xing, Hui AU - Song, Yanhui AU - Wang, Yunxia AU - Hong, Kunxue AU - Chen, Jianping AU - Shao, Yiming AD - National Center for AIDS/STD Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing. Y1 - 2005/08/01/ PY - 2005 DA - 2005 Aug 01 SP - 459 EP - 463 VL - 39 IS - 4 SN - 1525-4135, 1525-4135 KW - Index Medicus KW - AIDS/HIV KW - Sexual Behavior KW - Prospective Studies KW - Risk Factors KW - Humans KW - China -- epidemiology KW - Patient Dropouts KW - Cohort Studies KW - Adult KW - Incidence KW - Male KW - Female KW - Substance Abuse, Intravenous -- complications KW - HIV Infections -- epidemiology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/68022399?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+acquired+immune+deficiency+syndromes+%281999%29&rft.atitle=HIV+incidence+and+factors+contributed+to+retention+in+a+12-month+follow-up+study+of+injection+drug+users+in+Sichuan+Province%2C+China.&rft.au=Ruan%2C+Yuhua%3BQin%2C+Guangming%3BLiu%2C+Shizhu%3BQian%2C+Hanzhu%3BZhang%2C+Li%3BZhou%2C+Feng%3BHe%2C+Yixin%3BChen%2C+Kanglin%3BYin%2C+Lu%3BChen%2C+Xianhuang%3BHao%2C+Qinlin%3BXing%2C+Hui%3BSong%2C+Yanhui%3BWang%2C+Yunxia%3BHong%2C+Kunxue%3BChen%2C+Jianping%3BShao%2C+Yiming&rft.aulast=Ruan&rft.aufirst=Yuhua&rft.date=2005-08-01&rft.volume=39&rft.issue=4&rft.spage=459&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+acquired+immune+deficiency+syndromes+%281999%29&rft.issn=15254135&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 2005-09-14 N1 - Date created - 2005-07-12 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - A 13C CP/MAS and 31P NMR study of the interactions of dipalmitoylphosphatidylcholine with respirable silica and kaolin. AN - 67887535; 15927575 AB - The interaction of silica and kaolin with dipalmitoylphosphatidylcholine (DPPC) has been studied using 13C and 31P solid state nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy. These studies explore the molecular interactions of these respirable dusts with a model lung surfactant species to characterize silica toxicity in mixed systems. The choline head group of DPPC was found to remain mobile when adsorbed on kaolin, in contrast to an immobile head group on silica. Further, glycerol carbon intensities were greatly diminished relative to that of choline carbons, a result attributed to broadening effects. These preliminary findings suggest that silica toxicity may not be related to choline mobility as previously noted. JF - Journal of colloid and interface science AU - Murray, David K AU - Harrison, Joel C AU - Wallace, William E AD - National Institute for Occupational Health and Safety, 1095 Willowdale Road, M/S 3030, Morgantown, WV 26505, USA. dmurray@cdc.gov Y1 - 2005/08/01/ PY - 2005 DA - 2005 Aug 01 SP - 166 EP - 170 VL - 288 IS - 1 SN - 0021-9797, 0021-9797 KW - Carbon Radioisotopes KW - 0 KW - Membranes, Artificial KW - Phosphorus Radioisotopes KW - Pulmonary Surfactants KW - Kaolin KW - 24H4NWX5CO KW - 1,2-Dipalmitoylphosphatidylcholine KW - 2644-64-6 KW - Carbon KW - 7440-44-0 KW - Silicon Dioxide KW - 7631-86-9 KW - Choline KW - N91BDP6H0X KW - Glycerol KW - PDC6A3C0OX KW - Index Medicus KW - Respiration KW - Phosphorus Radioisotopes -- chemistry KW - Temperature KW - Carbon -- chemistry KW - Glycerol -- chemistry KW - Carbon Radioisotopes -- chemistry KW - Choline -- chemistry KW - Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy -- methods KW - Pulmonary Surfactants -- chemistry KW - Kaolin -- chemistry KW - 1,2-Dipalmitoylphosphatidylcholine -- chemistry KW - Silicon Dioxide -- chemistry UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/67887535?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+colloid+and+interface+science&rft.atitle=A+13C+CP%2FMAS+and+31P+NMR+study+of+the+interactions+of+dipalmitoylphosphatidylcholine+with+respirable+silica+and+kaolin.&rft.au=Murray%2C+David+K%3BHarrison%2C+Joel+C%3BWallace%2C+William+E&rft.aulast=Murray&rft.aufirst=David&rft.date=2005-08-01&rft.volume=288&rft.issue=1&rft.spage=166&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+colloid+and+interface+science&rft.issn=00219797&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 2006-10-03 N1 - Date created - 2005-06-01 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Differential Gene Expression in Normal Human Mammary Epithelial Cells Treated with Malathion Monitored by DNA Microarrays AN - 20076664; 6566708 AB - Organophosphate pesticides are a major source of occupational exposure in the United States. Moreover, malathion has been sprayed over major urban populations in an effort to control mosquitoes carrying West Nile virus. Previous research, reviewed by the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, on the genotoxicity and carcinogenicity of malathion has been inconclusive, although malathion is a known endocrine disrupter. Here, interindividual variations and commonality of gene expression signatures have been studied in normal human mammary epithelial cells from four women undergoing reduction mammoplasty. The cell strains were obtained from the discarded tissues through the Cooperative Human Tissue Network (sponsors: National Cancer Institute and National Disease Research Interchange). Interindividual variation of gene expression patterns in response to malathion was observed in various clustering patterns for the four cell strains. Further clustering identified three genes with increased expression after treatment in all four cell strains. These genes were two aldo-keto reductases (AKR1C1 and AKR1C2) and an estrogen-responsive gene (EBBP). Decreased expression of six RNA species was seen at various time points in all cell strains analyzed: plasminogen activator (PLAT), centromere protein F (CPF), replication factor C (RFC3), thymidylate synthetase (TYMS), a putative mitotic checkpoint kinase (BUB1), and a gene of unknown function (GenBank accession no. AI859865). Expression changes in all these genes, detected by DNA microarrays, have been verified by real-time polymerase chain reaction. Differential changes in expression of these genes may yield biomarkers that provide insight into interindividual variation in malathion toxicity. JF - Environmental Health Perspectives AU - Gwinn, M R AU - Whipkey, D L AU - Tennant, L B AU - Weston, A AD - Molecular Epidemiology Team, Toxicology and Molecular Biology Branch, Health Effects Laboratory Division, NIOSH, CDC, 1095 Willowdale Rd., Mail Stop L-3014, Morgantown, WV 26505-2888, USA, agw8@cdc.gov Y1 - 2005/08// PY - 2005 DA - Aug 2005 SP - 1046 EP - 1051 VL - 113 IS - 8 SN - 0091-6765, 0091-6765 KW - Genetics Abstracts; Virology & AIDS Abstracts; Biochemistry Abstracts 2: Nucleic Acids; Biotechnology and Bioengineering Abstracts; Health & Safety Science Abstracts; Toxicology Abstracts KW - Epithelial cells KW - endocrine disruptors KW - Organophosphates KW - DNA microarrays KW - Malathion KW - Centromeres KW - Gene expression KW - Carcinogenicity KW - aldo-keto reductase KW - Polymerase chain reaction KW - cooperatives KW - Occupational exposure KW - plasminogen KW - Bioindicators KW - Pesticides (organophosphorus) KW - replication factor C KW - Urban populations KW - Mammary gland KW - Genotoxicity KW - Toxicity KW - urban populations KW - biomarkers KW - Cancer KW - EPA KW - USA KW - RNA KW - Reviews KW - Pesticides KW - DNA KW - Proteins KW - West Nile virus KW - estrogens KW - W 30910:Imaging KW - X 24135:Biochemistry KW - N 14815:Nucleotide Sequence KW - V 22320:Replication KW - H 1000:Occupational Safety and Health KW - G 07730:Development & Cell Cycle UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/20076664?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Abiotechresearch&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Environmental+Health+Perspectives&rft.atitle=Differential+Gene+Expression+in+Normal+Human+Mammary+Epithelial+Cells+Treated+with+Malathion+Monitored+by+DNA+Microarrays&rft.au=Gwinn%2C+M+R%3BWhipkey%2C+D+L%3BTennant%2C+L+B%3BWeston%2C+A&rft.aulast=Gwinn&rft.aufirst=M&rft.date=2005-08-01&rft.volume=113&rft.issue=8&rft.spage=1046&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Environmental+Health+Perspectives&rft.issn=00916765&rft_id=info:doi/10.1289%2Fehp.7311 LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-01-01 N1 - Last updated - 2015-03-25 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - replication factor C; Epithelial cells; Pesticides (organophosphorus); Urban populations; Mammary gland; Genotoxicity; DNA microarrays; biomarkers; Malathion; Centromeres; Gene expression; RNA; Carcinogenicity; aldo-keto reductase; Reviews; Polymerase chain reaction; plasminogen; Occupational exposure; Bioindicators; Organophosphates; endocrine disruptors; Toxicity; urban populations; Cancer; EPA; Pesticides; DNA; Proteins; cooperatives; estrogens; West Nile virus; USA DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1289/ehp.7311 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Mercury Exposure: Evaluation and Intervention AN - 19710543; 7503315 AB - Public awareness of the potential for mercury to cause health problems has increased dramatically in the last 15 years. It is now widely recognized that significant exposure to all forms of mercury (elemental/metallic and both inorganic and organic compounds) can result in a variety of adverse health effects, including neurological, renal, respiratory, immune, dermatologic, reproductive, and developmental sequellae. And while the various media have made the general population cognizant of the need to avoid unnecessary exposure to this naturally occurring element, there has also evolved a growing tendency to attribute unexplainable neurologic, as well as other, signs and symptoms to mercury, whether or not significant exposure to mercury has actually occurred. For the physician, making a diagnosis of mercury intoxication can be difficult, because many of the clinical signs and symptoms of mercury exposure can also be attributed to any number of causes, including undiagnosed neurological diseases, pharmacotherapy, vitamin or mineral deficiencies, and psychological stress. The physician must be able to recognize the clinical manifestations of mercury intoxication, and understand the importance of biological markers in making a definitive diagnosis of mercury poisoning. In a desire to treat the patient complaining of symptoms similar to some that can be caused by mercury, a growing number of physicians, particularly those in alternative medicine fields, result to chelation to 'rid' the body of the mercury, believed to be the cause of the ailments. And although the use of chelation is increasing, controlled studies showing that this procedure actually improves outcome are lacking. If chelation therapy is considered to be indicated, the attending physician should communicate the risks of chelation to the patient before beginning treatment with metal-chelating drugs. JF - Neurotoxicology AU - Risher, John F AU - Amler, Sherlita N AD - Agency for Toxic Substances and Disease Registry, Division of Toxicology (F-32), 1600 Clifton Road, Atlanta, GA 30333, USA, jrisher@cdc.gov Y1 - 2005/08// PY - 2005 DA - Aug 2005 SP - 691 EP - 699 PB - Elsevier Science B.V., P.O. Box 211 Amsterdam 1000 AE Netherlands, [mailto:nlinfo-f@elsevier.nl], [URL:http://www.elsevier.nl/] VL - 26 IS - 4 SN - 0161-813X, 0161-813X KW - Toxicology Abstracts; CSA Neurosciences Abstracts KW - Metallic mercury KW - Mercury poisoning KW - Chelation KW - Intoxication KW - Neurological diseases KW - Poisoning KW - Stress KW - biomarkers KW - Nutrient deficiency KW - Vitamins KW - Kidney KW - Mercury KW - Organic compounds KW - Drugs KW - Minerals KW - N3 11028:Neuropharmacology & toxicology KW - X 24360:Metals UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/19710543?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxicologyabstracts&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Neurotoxicology&rft.atitle=Mercury+Exposure%3A+Evaluation+and+Intervention&rft.au=Risher%2C+John+F%3BAmler%2C+Sherlita+N&rft.aulast=Risher&rft.aufirst=John&rft.date=2005-08-01&rft.volume=26&rft.issue=4&rft.spage=691&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Neurotoxicology&rft.issn=0161813X&rft_id=info:doi/10.1016%2Fj.neuro.2005.05.004 LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2007-08-01 N1 - Last updated - 2015-04-01 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Intoxication; Neurological diseases; Chelation; Poisoning; Stress; biomarkers; Nutrient deficiency; Vitamins; Kidney; Mercury; Organic compounds; Minerals; Drugs DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.neuro.2005.05.004 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Concentrations of Environmental Chemicals Associated with Neurodevelopmental Effects in U.S. Population AN - 19464078; 7503301 AB - Humans are exposed to many environmental chemicals, some of which can potentially affect neurodevelopment. Fetuses, infants, and young children are the most susceptible to the effects of these chemicals. As part of the National Health and Examination Survey, 1999-2000, the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention analyzed biological samples for many of these chemicals in a representative sampling of the U.S. population. Concentration data of selected metals, persistent organic pollutants, organophosphorus and carbamate insecticides, and cotinine are presented. For example, the 95th percentile estimates for serum total PCBs (whole weight) in the population aged 20 years and older is about 2.7ng/g. The 95th percentile estimates for serum dioxin total toxic equivalence in the U.S. population aged 20 years and older is between 40 and 50pg/g lipid basis. In general, human levels of these chemicals are decreasing over time in the U.S. population. This reflects the effects of legislation, industry efforts, and changes in lifestyle/activity patterns in the U.S. population. These data will continue to be collected in 2-year cycles and thus allow changes in human levels to be followed. JF - Neurotoxicology AU - Needham, Larry L AU - Barr, Dana B AU - Caudill, Samuel P AU - Pirkle, James L AU - Turner, Wayman E AU - Osterloh, John AU - Jones, Robert L AU - Sampson, Eric J AD - Chief, Organic Analytical Toxicology Branch, Mailstop F17, National Center for Environmental Health, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA 30341-3724, USA, lneedham@cdc.gov Y1 - 2005/08// PY - 2005 DA - Aug 2005 SP - 531 EP - 545 PB - Elsevier Science B.V., P.O. Box 211 Amsterdam 1000 AE Netherlands, [mailto:nlinfo-f@elsevier.nl], [URL:http://www.elsevier.nl/] VL - 26 IS - 4 SN - 0161-813X, 0161-813X KW - Toxicology Abstracts; CSA Neurosciences Abstracts KW - NHANES KW - Biomonitoring KW - POPs KW - Lead KW - Pesticides KW - CDC KW - Metals KW - Lipids KW - Disease control KW - Development KW - Pesticides (carbamates) KW - Children KW - Fetuses KW - Cotinine KW - Insecticides KW - polychlorinated biphenyls KW - Pollutants KW - Activity patterns KW - Legislation KW - Dioxin KW - PCB KW - Infants KW - N3 11028:Neuropharmacology & toxicology KW - X 24330:Agrochemicals UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/19464078?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxicologyabstracts&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Neurotoxicology&rft.atitle=Concentrations+of+Environmental+Chemicals+Associated+with+Neurodevelopmental+Effects+in+U.S.+Population&rft.au=Needham%2C+Larry+L%3BBarr%2C+Dana+B%3BCaudill%2C+Samuel+P%3BPirkle%2C+James+L%3BTurner%2C+Wayman+E%3BOsterloh%2C+John%3BJones%2C+Robert+L%3BSampson%2C+Eric+J&rft.aulast=Needham&rft.aufirst=Larry&rft.date=2005-08-01&rft.volume=26&rft.issue=4&rft.spage=531&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Neurotoxicology&rft.issn=0161813X&rft_id=info:doi/10.1016%2Fj.neuro.2004.09.005 LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2007-08-01 N1 - Last updated - 2015-04-01 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Metals; Lipids; Disease control; Development; Children; Pesticides (carbamates); Fetuses; polychlorinated biphenyls; Insecticides; Cotinine; Pollutants; Activity patterns; PCB; Dioxin; Legislation; Infants DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.neuro.2004.09.005 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Characterizing children's exposures: beyond NHANES AN - 19460404; 7503302 AB - Biomonitoring programs, such as those being conducted at the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention in conjunction with the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES), are of benefit to all disciplines of environmental public health. However, all programs have limitations, and like most things in science, 'One size does not fit all.' We point out some of these limitations, particularly those dealing with the amount of biological sample available from various age groups and the specificity of the exposure assessment. We recommend additional studies to supplement the NHANES biomonitoring data. JF - Neurotoxicology AU - Needham, Larry L AU - Barr, Dana B AU - Calafat, Antonia M AD - Organic Analytical Toxicology Branch, National Center for Environmental Health, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Mailstop F17, 4770 Buford Highway, Atlanta, GA 30341-3724, USA, lneedham@cdc.gov Y1 - 2005/08// PY - 2005 DA - Aug 2005 SP - 547 EP - 553 PB - Elsevier Science B.V., P.O. Box 211 Amsterdam 1000 AE Netherlands, [mailto:nlinfo-f@elsevier.nl], [URL:http://www.elsevier.nl/] VL - 26 IS - 4 SN - 0161-813X, 0161-813X KW - Toxicology Abstracts; CSA Neurosciences Abstracts KW - Biomonitoring KW - NHANES KW - Limitations KW - Dietary supplements KW - Disease control KW - biomonitoring KW - Children KW - Nutrition KW - Public health KW - N3 11028:Neuropharmacology & toxicology KW - X 24490:Other UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/19460404?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxicologyabstracts&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Neurotoxicology&rft.atitle=Characterizing+children%27s+exposures%3A+beyond+NHANES&rft.au=Needham%2C+Larry+L%3BBarr%2C+Dana+B%3BCalafat%2C+Antonia+M&rft.aulast=Needham&rft.aufirst=Larry&rft.date=2005-08-01&rft.volume=26&rft.issue=4&rft.spage=547&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Neurotoxicology&rft.issn=0161813X&rft_id=info:doi/10.1016%2Fj.neuro.2004.09.006 LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2007-08-01 N1 - Last updated - 2015-04-01 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Dietary supplements; Disease control; biomonitoring; Children; Nutrition; Public health DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.neuro.2004.09.006 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Effects of a Mass Media Campaign to Increase Physical Activity Among Children: Year-1 Results of the VERB Campaign AN - 19423395; 6519599 AB - OBJECTIVE: To determine the effects of a mass media campaign on the levels of physical activity among children 9 to 13 years of age. DESIGN: A prospective, longitudinal, quasi-experimental design was used. A baseline survey was conducted in April to June 2002, before the launch of VERB advertising. Random-digit-dialing methods were used to survey a nationally representative sample of children and parents. The follow-up survey was repeated with the same cohort of children and parents in April to June 2003. Propensity scoring was used to determine the campaign's effects on awareness and physical activity behaviors. SETTING: United States. PARTICIPANTS: A total of 3120 parent-child dyads. INTERVENTION: The VERB campaign is a multiethnic campaign that combines paid advertisements with school and community promotions and Internet activities to encourage children 9 to 13 years of age to be physically active every day. Launched in 2002 by the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, VERB uses commercial marketing methods to advertise being physically active as cool, fun, and a chance to have a good time with friends. Using the VERB brand, paid advertising ran nationally from June 2002 through June 2003, targeting 9- to 13-year-old youths. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Children's awareness of the campaign and self-reported estimates of free-time and organized physical activity sessions during nonschool hours in the week before the interview. RESULTS: After 1 year, 74% of children surveyed were aware of the VERB campaign. Levels of reported sessions of free-time physical activity increased for subgroups of children 9 to 13 years of age. A pattern of effects across 2 measures was observed for younger children (9-10 years of age), girls, children whose parents had less than a high school education, children from urban areas that were densely populated, and children who were low active at baseline. These subgroups engaged in more median weekly sessions of free-time physical activity than did children who were unaware of VERB and, as the children's level of VERB awareness was incrementally higher, the children engaged in incrementally more free-time physical activity sessions. The average 9- to 10-year-old youth engaged in 34% more free-time physical activity sessions per week than did 9- to 10-year-old youths who were unaware of the campaign. A pattern of effects for organized activity was found only for children classified as low active at baseline. CONCLUSIONS: The VERB campaign achieved high levels of awareness in 1 year. Higher levels of physical activity were reported for subgroups of US children. Promoting physical activity with child-focused commercial advertising shows promise. JF - Pediatrics AU - Huhman, Marian AU - Potter, Lance D AU - Wong, Faye L AU - Banspach, Stephen W AU - Duke, Jennifer C AU - Heitzler, Carrie D AD - National Center for Chronic Disease Prevention and Health Promotion, Division of Adolescent and School Health, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia. Westat, Rockville, Maryland Y1 - 2005/08// PY - 2005 DA - Aug 2005 SP - e277 EP - e284 PB - American Academy of Pediatrics, 141 Northwest Point Blvd. Elk Grove Village IL 60007-1098 USA, [mailto:journals@aap.org], [URL:http://www.aap.org] VL - 116 IS - 2 SN - 0031-4005, 0031-4005 KW - Physical Education Index KW - Age KW - Media KW - Pediatrics KW - Preventive health KW - Promotion KW - Surveys KW - Advertising KW - Exercise KW - Children KW - Sports (marketing) KW - High schools KW - Education KW - Girls KW - Marketing KW - Diseases KW - Interviews KW - Activities KW - Youth KW - Internet KW - PE 030:Exercise, Health & Physical Fitness UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/19423395?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aphysicaleducation&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Pediatrics&rft.atitle=Effects+of+a+Mass+Media+Campaign+to+Increase+Physical+Activity+Among+Children%3A+Year-1+Results+of+the+VERB+Campaign&rft.au=Huhman%2C+Marian%3BPotter%2C+Lance+D%3BWong%2C+Faye+L%3BBanspach%2C+Stephen+W%3BDuke%2C+Jennifer+C%3BHeitzler%2C+Carrie+D&rft.aulast=Huhman&rft.aufirst=Marian&rft.date=2005-08-01&rft.volume=116&rft.issue=2&rft.spage=e277&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Pediatrics&rft.issn=00314005&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - Physical Education Index N1 - Date revised - 2007-05-01 N1 - Last updated - 2015-04-01 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Age; Media; Preventive health; Pediatrics; Promotion; Surveys; Exercise; Advertising; Children; Sports (marketing); Education; High schools; Girls; Marketing; Interviews; Diseases; Activities; Internet; Youth ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Child Maltreatment Prevention Priorities at the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention AN - 17577968; 6480482 AB - The Division of Violence Prevention at Centers for Disease Control and Prevention's (CDC) National Center for Injury Prevention and Control has had a long-standing interest in the prevention of child maltreatment. The nation's public health agency, CDC, seeks to focus the public health perspective on the problem of child maltreatment and to promote science-based practice in the field. Since 1999, CDC has developed research priorities to address the prevention of child maltreatment. Described here is a brief rationale for applying a public health approach to child maltreatment and a discussion of the priority-setting process, priorities in each of four areas of the public health model, and some of CDC's current child maltreatment prevention activities. JF - Child Maltreatment AU - Whitaker, Daniel J AU - Lutzker, John R AU - Shelley, Gene A AD - Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA, USA, DWhitaker@cdc.gov Y1 - 2005/08// PY - 2005 DA - Aug 2005 SP - 245 EP - 259 PB - Sage Publications, Inc., 2455 Teller Road Thousand Oaks CA 91320 USA, [mailto:info@sagepub.com], [URL:http://www.sagepub.com/] VL - 10 IS - 3 SN - 1077-5595, 1077-5595 KW - child maltreatment KW - Health & Safety Science Abstracts KW - Prevention KW - Injuries KW - Children KW - Public health KW - H 11000:Diseases/Injuries/Trauma UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/17577968?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Ahealthsafetyabstracts&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Child+Maltreatment&rft.atitle=Child+Maltreatment+Prevention+Priorities+at+the+Centers+for+Disease+Control+and+Prevention&rft.au=Whitaker%2C+Daniel+J%3BLutzker%2C+John+R%3BShelley%2C+Gene+A&rft.aulast=Whitaker&rft.aufirst=Daniel&rft.date=2005-08-01&rft.volume=10&rft.issue=3&rft.spage=245&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Child+Maltreatment&rft.issn=10775595&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Public health; Injuries; Children; Prevention ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Predictors of fighting attributed to alcohol use among adolescent drinkers AN - 17565443; 6437499 AB - This study examined demographic and psychosocial factors to determine the predictors of fighting attributed to alcohol use among adolescent drinkers. Analyses were based on the National Longitudinal Study of Adolescent Health which is a nationally representative sample of adolescents in Grades 7 through 11. The prospective analyses were restricted to those adolescent drinkers who participated in both data waves (n=6041) collected in 1995 and 1996. A logistic regression model was constructed using a backward elimination procedure to identify the significant predictors of initiating fighting attributed to alcohol use at Time 2 (1996). We found that frequent drinking, high-volume drinking, trouble in school, low college expectations and weekly involvement in sports were significant predictors of initiating fighting attributed to alcohol use. These findings suggest that prevention efforts targeting the reduction of frequent and heavy alcohol use may be particularly useful strategies for preventing fighting attributed to alcohol use. JF - Addictive Behaviors AU - Swahn, M H AU - Donovan, JE AD - Division of Violence Prevention, Mailstop K 60, National Center for Injury Prevention and Control, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, CDC, 4770 Buford Highway, Atlanta, GA 30341-3724, USA, mswahn@cdc.gov Y1 - 2005/08// PY - 2005 DA - Aug 2005 SP - 1317 EP - 1334 VL - 30 IS - 7 SN - 0306-4603, 0306-4603 KW - fighting KW - Risk Abstracts KW - Alcohol KW - Prevention KW - Violence KW - Adolescents KW - R2 23110:Psychological aspects UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/17565443?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Ariskabstracts&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Addictive+Behaviors&rft.atitle=Predictors+of+fighting+attributed+to+alcohol+use+among+adolescent+drinkers&rft.au=Swahn%2C+M+H%3BDonovan%2C+JE&rft.aulast=Swahn&rft.aufirst=M&rft.date=2005-08-01&rft.volume=30&rft.issue=7&rft.spage=1317&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Addictive+Behaviors&rft.issn=03064603&rft_id=info:doi/10.1016%2Fj.addbeh.2005.01.006 LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Adolescents; Alcohol; Prevention; Violence DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.addbeh.2005.01.006 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Reducing Respirator Fit Test Errors: A Multi-Donning Approach AN - 17557819; 6437811 AB - As a continuation of recent studies to assess the accuracy of existing fit test methods, a multi-donning approach to fit testing is presented. As an example of that approach, a multi-donning quantitative fit test for filtering-facepiece respirators is presented and analyzed by comparing its error rates with those of the single-donning approach of current fit test methods. That analysis indicates the multi-donning fit test has the potential to reduce both the alpha error and the beta error to half that of single-donning fit tests. The alpha error is the error of failing a respirator that should pass; the beta error is the error of passing a respirator that should fail. Lowering fit test error rates for filtering-facepiece respirators is important because fit testing is an essential means of helping assure that an individual has selected an adequately fitting respirator. To reduce the alpha and beta error inherent in current fit test methods, the proposed fit test for filtering-facepiece respirators incorporates five donnings of the facepiece, unlike the single donning of existing fit test methods. The analysis presented here indicates that the multiple-donning approach reduces the element of chance in the fit test result and thereby increases the consistency and accuracy of the fit tests. The time to conduct the multi-donning test can approximate the time for current, single-donning tests by shortening the time the respirator is worn after each donning to about 10 sec. And, unlike current fit tests for filtering-facepieces that measure only faceseal leakage, the example multiple-donning fit test considered here is based on a measurement of total leakage (faceseal plus filter). Utilizing total respirator leakage can result in simpler quantitative fit test instrumentation and a fit test that is more relevant to the workplace. Further trials with human subjects are recommended in order to validate the proposed multi-donning approach. JF - Journal of Occupational and Environmental Hygiene AU - Campbell, D L AU - Coffey, C C AU - Jensen, P A AU - Zhuang, Z AD - 626 Cochrans Mill Road, Pittsburgh, PA 15236, USA, zaz3@cdc.gov Y1 - 2005/08// PY - 2005 DA - Aug 2005 SP - 391 EP - 399 VL - 2 IS - 8 SN - 1545-9624, 1545-9624 KW - fit testing KW - Health & Safety Science Abstracts KW - Filters KW - Leakage KW - Occupational safety KW - Respirators KW - Protective equipment KW - H 1000:Occupational Safety and Health UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/17557819?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Ahealthsafetyabstracts&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Occupational+and+Environmental+Hygiene&rft.atitle=Reducing+Respirator+Fit+Test+Errors%3A+A+Multi-Donning+Approach&rft.au=Campbell%2C+D+L%3BCoffey%2C+C+C%3BJensen%2C+P+A%3BZhuang%2C+Z&rft.aulast=Campbell&rft.aufirst=D&rft.date=2005-08-01&rft.volume=2&rft.issue=8&rft.spage=391&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+Occupational+and+Environmental+Hygiene&rft.issn=15459624&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Respirators; Protective equipment; Leakage; Occupational safety; Filters ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Invasive listeriosis in Denmark 1994-2003: a review of 299 cases with special emphasis on risk factors for mortality AN - 17357642; 6424276 AB - Listeriosis is a rare, but serious, foodborne infection which, in the invasive form, presents as bloodstream (BS) infection, an infection of the central nervous system (CNS), a maternofetal infection or a focal infection. The disease is notifiable in Denmark. This paper reviews the results of the Danish surveillance of invasive listeriosis from 1994 to 2003, excluding maternofetal cases. In total, 299 invasive cases of listeriosis were reported. Two-thirds of the cases were caused by isolates of serogroup 1-2, and one-third by serogroup 4. Most (70%) cases had conditions known to predispose to listeriosis. More patients with BS infection were predisposed because of concurrent underlying illness than were patients with CNS infection. Half of the patients were aged > 70 years, and 21% died of the disease. There was no change in the case fatality rate (CFR) during the 10-year period. The CFR was identical for men and women. BS and CNS infection caused the same incidence of mortality, but no mortality was observed in patients with focal infections at normally sterile body sites. In a multivariate analysis, isolates belonging to serogroup 4 were associated with a higher CFR than were isolates of serogroup 1-2. In patients aged 70 years. The underlying conditions associated most strongly with mortality in the younger age group were non-haematological malignancies. JF - Clinical Microbiology and Infection AU - Gerner-Smidt, P AU - Ethelberg, S AU - Schiellerup, P AU - Christensen, J J AU - Engberg, J AU - Fussing, V AU - Jensen, A AU - Jensen, C AU - Petersen, A M AU - Bruun, B G AD - Danish Reference Centre for Listeriosis, Statens Serum Institut, Copenhagen, Denmark, plgs@cdc.gov Y1 - 2005/08// PY - 2005 DA - Aug 2005 SP - 618 EP - 624 PB - Blackwell Publishing Ltd., 9600 Garsington Road Oxford OX4 2DQ UK, [URL:http://www.blackwellpublishing.com] VL - 11 IS - 8 SN - 1198-743X, 1198-743X KW - Microbiology Abstracts B: Bacteriology KW - J 02855:Human Bacteriology: Others UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/17357642?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologyb&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Clinical+Microbiology+and+Infection&rft.atitle=Invasive+listeriosis+in+Denmark+1994-2003%3A+a+review+of+299+cases+with+special+emphasis+on+risk+factors+for+mortality&rft.au=Preston%2C+R+M+F&rft.aulast=Preston&rft.aufirst=R+M&rft.date=1987-06-01&rft.volume=20&rft.issue=3&rft.spage=261&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Lithos&rft.issn=00244937&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-01-01 N1 - SuppNotes - Figures, 2; tables, 3; references, 33. N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1469-0691.2005.01171.x ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Clostridium sordellii toxic shock syndrome after medical abortion with mifepristone and intravaginal misoprostol--United States and Canada, 2001-2005. AN - 68085080; 16049422 AB - On July 19, 2005, the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) issued a public health advisory regarding the deaths of four women in the United States after medical abortions with Mifeprex (mifepristone, formerly RU-486; Danco Laboratories, New York, New York) and intravaginal misoprostol. Two of these deaths occurred in 2003, one in 2004, and one in 2005. Two of these U.S. cases had clinical illness consistent with toxic shock and had evidence of endometrial infection with Clostridium sordellii, a gram-positive, toxin-forming anaerobic bacteria. In addition, a fatal case of C. sordellii toxic shock syndrome after medical abortion with mifepristone and misoprostol was reported in 2001, in Canada. All three cases of C. sordellii infection were notable for lack of fever, and all had refractory hypotension, multiple effusions, hemoconcentration, and a profound leukocytosis. C. sordellii previously has been described as a cause of pregnancy-associated toxic shock syndrome. JF - MMWR. Morbidity and mortality weekly report AU - Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) AD - Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) Y1 - 2005/07/29/ PY - 2005 DA - 2005 Jul 29 SP - 724 VL - 54 IS - 29 KW - Abortifacient Agents KW - 0 KW - Misoprostol KW - 0E43V0BB57 KW - Mifepristone KW - 320T6RNW1F KW - Index Medicus KW - Canada -- epidemiology KW - Humans KW - United States -- epidemiology KW - Female KW - Pregnancy KW - Mifepristone -- adverse effects KW - Abortion, Induced -- adverse effects KW - Abortifacient Agents -- adverse effects KW - Misoprostol -- adverse effects KW - Abortifacient Agents -- administration & dosage KW - Clostridium sordellii KW - Clostridium Infections -- epidemiology KW - Shock, Septic -- etiology KW - Mifepristone -- administration & dosage KW - Clostridium Infections -- etiology KW - Shock, Septic -- epidemiology KW - Misoprostol -- administration & dosage UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/68085080?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=MMWR.+Morbidity+and+mortality+weekly+report&rft.atitle=Clostridium+sordellii+toxic+shock+syndrome+after+medical+abortion+with+mifepristone+and+intravaginal+misoprostol--United+States+and+Canada%2C+2001-2005.&rft.au=Centers+for+Disease+Control+and+Prevention+%28CDC%29&rft.aulast=Centers+for+Disease+Control+and+Prevention+%28CDC%29&rft.aufirst=&rft.date=2005-07-29&rft.volume=54&rft.issue=29&rft.spage=724&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=MMWR.+Morbidity+and+mortality+weekly+report&rft.issn=1545-861X&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 2005-07-28 N1 - Date created - 2005-07-28 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Acute illnesses associated with pesticide exposure at schools. AN - 68078544; 16046652 AB - Pesticides continue to be used on school property, and some schools are at risk of pesticide drift exposure from neighboring farms, which leads to pesticide exposure among students and school employees. However, information on the magnitude of illnesses and risk factors associated with these pesticide exposures is not available. To estimate the magnitude of and associated risk factors for pesticide-related illnesses at schools. Analysis of surveillance data from 1998 to 2002 of 2593 persons with acute pesticide-related illnesses associated with exposure at schools. Nationwide information on pesticide-related illnesses is routinely collected by 3 national pesticide surveillance systems: the National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health's Sentinel Event Notification System for Occupational Risks pesticides program, the California Department of Pesticide Regulation, and the Toxic Exposure Surveillance System. Incidence rates and severity of acute pesticide-related illnesses. Incidence rates for 1998-2002 were 7.4 cases per million children and 27.3 cases per million school employee full-time equivalents. The incidence rates among children increased significantly from 1998 to 2002. Illness of high severity was found in 3 cases (0.1%), moderate severity in 275 cases (11%), and low severity in 2315 cases (89%). Most illnesses were associated with insecticides (n = 895, 35%), disinfectants (n = 830, 32%), repellents (n = 335, 13%), or herbicides (n = 279, 11%). Among 406 cases with detailed information on the source of pesticide exposure, 281 (69%) were associated with pesticides used at schools and 125 (31%) were associated with pesticide drift exposure from farmland. Pesticide exposure at schools produces acute illnesses among school employees and students. To prevent pesticide-related illnesses at schools, implementation of integrated pest management programs in schools, practices to reduce pesticide drift, and adoption of pesticide spray buffer zones around schools are recommended. JF - JAMA AU - Alarcon, Walter A AU - Calvert, Geoffrey M AU - Blondell, Jerome M AU - Mehler, Louise N AU - Sievert, Jennifer AU - Propeck, Maria AU - Tibbetts, Dorothy S AU - Becker, Alan AU - Lackovic, Michelle AU - Soileau, Shannon B AU - Das, Rupali AU - Beckman, John AU - Male, Dorilee P AU - Thomsen, Catherine L AU - Stanbury, Martha AD - National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, US Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Cincinnati, Ohio 45226, USA. walarcon@cdc.gov Y1 - 2005/07/27/ PY - 2005 DA - 2005 Jul 27 SP - 455 EP - 465 VL - 294 IS - 4 KW - Pesticides KW - 0 KW - Abridged Index Medicus KW - Index Medicus KW - Acute Disease KW - Risk Factors KW - Humans KW - Health Surveys KW - Adult KW - Poisoning -- epidemiology KW - Child KW - United States -- epidemiology KW - Male KW - Female KW - Environmental Exposure -- statistics & numerical data KW - Environmental Exposure -- adverse effects KW - Schools -- statistics & numerical data KW - Pesticides -- toxicity UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/68078544?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=JAMA&rft.atitle=Acute+illnesses+associated+with+pesticide+exposure+at+schools.&rft.au=Alarcon%2C+Walter+A%3BCalvert%2C+Geoffrey+M%3BBlondell%2C+Jerome+M%3BMehler%2C+Louise+N%3BSievert%2C+Jennifer%3BPropeck%2C+Maria%3BTibbetts%2C+Dorothy+S%3BBecker%2C+Alan%3BLackovic%2C+Michelle%3BSoileau%2C+Shannon+B%3BDas%2C+Rupali%3BBeckman%2C+John%3BMale%2C+Dorilee+P%3BThomsen%2C+Catherine+L%3BStanbury%2C+Martha&rft.aulast=Alarcon&rft.aufirst=Walter&rft.date=2005-07-27&rft.volume=294&rft.issue=4&rft.spage=455&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=JAMA&rft.issn=1538-3598&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 2005-08-01 N1 - Date created - 2005-07-27 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - SuppNotes - Comment In: JAMA. 2005 Nov 16;294(19):2431; author reply 2431 [16287947] Erratum In: JAMA. 2005 Sep 14;294(10):1208 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Carbon monoxide poisoning from hurricane-associated use of portable generators--Florida, 2004. AN - 68060142; 16034315 AB - The four major hurricanes that struck Florida during August 13-September 25, 2004, produced electric power outages in several million homes. After the hurricanes, the Consumer Product Safety Commission (CPSC) investigated six deaths in Florida attributed to carbon monoxide (CO) poisoning (CPSC, unpublished data, 2004). The Florida Department of Health and CDC analyzed demographic and CO exposure data from these fatal poisoning cases and from nonfatal poisoning cases among 167 persons treated at 10 hospitals, including two with hyperbaric oxygen (HBO2) chambers. This report describes the results of that analysis, which determined that misplacement of portable, gasoline-powered generators (e.g., indoors, in garages, or outdoors near windows) was responsible for nearly all of these CO exposures. Public health practitioners should recognize that post-hurricane environments present challenges to the safe operation of portable generators and should educate the public on the hazards of CO poisoning in these settings. JF - MMWR. Morbidity and mortality weekly report AU - Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) AD - Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) Y1 - 2005/07/22/ PY - 2005 DA - 2005 Jul 22 SP - 697 EP - 700 VL - 54 IS - 28 KW - Gasoline KW - 0 KW - Index Medicus KW - Humans KW - Florida -- epidemiology KW - Carbon Monoxide Poisoning -- etiology KW - Disasters KW - Electricity KW - Carbon Monoxide Poisoning -- epidemiology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/68060142?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Journal+of+trauma&rft.atitle=Recommendations+for+trauma+centers+to+improve+screening%2C+brief+intervention%2C+and+referral+to+treatment+for+substance+use+disorders.&rft.au=Hungerford%2C+Daniel+W&rft.aulast=Muthuswami&rft.aufirst=T&rft.date=1952-01-01&rft.volume=36&rft.issue=1&rft.spage=1&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Proceedings+of+the+Indian+National+Science+Academy%2C+Part+A%3A+Physical+Sciences&rft.issn=03700046&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 2005-07-25 N1 - Date created - 2005-07-21 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - State smoking restrictions for private-sector worksites, restaurants, and bars--United States, 1998 and 2004. AN - 68009184; 16001014 AB - Secondhand smoke is a known carcinogen. Exposure to secondhand smoke causes approximately 35,000 heart disease deaths and 3,000 lung cancer deaths among nonsmokers in the United States every year. Implementing policies that establish smoke-free environments is the most effective approach to reducing secondhand smoke exposure among nonsmokers. Smoking restrictions and smoke-free policies can take the form of laws or regulations implemented at the state or local level or of voluntary policies implemented by private employers and businesses. Smoking restrictions limit smoking to certain areas within a venue; smoke-free policies ban smoking within the entire venue. One of the national health objectives for 2010 is to establish laws in all 50 states and the District of Columbia (DC) that prohibit or restrict smoking in public places and worksites. A related objective calls for all worksites to voluntarily implement policies that prohibit or restrict smoking. To assess progress toward meeting the first objective, CDC reviewed the status of state laws restricting smoking as of December 31, 2004, updating a 1999 study that reported on such laws as of December 31, 1998. This report summarizes the changes in state smoking restrictions for private-sector worksites, restaurants, and bars that occurred during 1999-2004. The findings indicate an increase in the number and restrictiveness of state laws regulating smoking in private-sector worksites, restaurants, and bars from 1999 through 2004. At the end of 2004, however, 16 states still had no restrictions on smoking in any of the three settings considered. Although secondhand smoke exposure among U.S. nonsmokers has decreased sharply in recent years, a substantial portion of nonsmokers continue to be exposed to secondhand smoke. JF - MMWR. Morbidity and mortality weekly report AU - Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) AD - Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) Y1 - 2005/07/08/ PY - 2005 DA - 2005 Jul 08 SP - 649 EP - 653 VL - 54 IS - 26 KW - Tobacco Smoke Pollution KW - 0 KW - Index Medicus KW - United States KW - Tobacco Smoke Pollution -- legislation & jurisprudence KW - Smoking -- legislation & jurisprudence KW - Workplace -- legislation & jurisprudence KW - Restaurants -- legislation & jurisprudence UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/68009184?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=MMWR.+Morbidity+and+mortality+weekly+report&rft.atitle=State+smoking+restrictions+for+private-sector+worksites%2C+restaurants%2C+and+bars--United+States%2C+1998+and+2004.&rft.au=Centers+for+Disease+Control+and+Prevention+%28CDC%29&rft.aulast=Centers+for+Disease+Control+and+Prevention+%28CDC%29&rft.aufirst=&rft.date=2005-07-08&rft.volume=54&rft.issue=26&rft.spage=649&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=MMWR.+Morbidity+and+mortality+weekly+report&rft.issn=1545-861X&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 2005-07-12 N1 - Date created - 2005-07-07 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Assessment of local health department smoking policies--North Carolina, July-August 2003. AN - 68007228; 16001015 AB - Secondhand smoke is a cause of disease in healthy nonsmokers, and an increasing number of states have adopted laws prohibiting smoking in private-sector worksites, restaurants, and bars. However, certain state governments have provisions in their state smoking restrictions that preempt more stringent local laws. North Carolina has such a preemptive state smoking law, passed in 1993, which mandates that 20% of the space within state-controlled buildings be designated as smoking areas. Exemptions from the law included local health departments (LHDs), providing an opportunity for public health practitioners to enact more stringent policies. To assess smoking policy gains from this exemption, a research team from the University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill (UNC) surveyed LHD directors. Results of the survey indicated uncertainty regarding the state law, with 37% of LHD directors believing they were prohibited from enacting a 100% tobacco-free policy on LHD grounds and 20% not knowing whether they were prohibited. The North Carolina Association of Local Health Directors used these findings to work with legislators in the North Carolina General Assembly to amend the state smoking law in 2005, specifying that the exemption applies to both LHD buildings and grounds. JF - MMWR. Morbidity and mortality weekly report AU - Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) AD - Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) Y1 - 2005/07/08/ PY - 2005 DA - 2005 Jul 08 SP - 653 EP - 655 VL - 54 IS - 26 KW - Tobacco Smoke Pollution KW - 0 KW - Index Medicus KW - Tobacco Smoke Pollution -- legislation & jurisprudence KW - Government Agencies -- legislation & jurisprudence KW - North Carolina KW - Health Policy KW - Smoking -- legislation & jurisprudence KW - State Government KW - Public Health -- legislation & jurisprudence KW - Workplace -- legislation & jurisprudence UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/68007228?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=MMWR.+Morbidity+and+mortality+weekly+report&rft.atitle=Assessment+of+local+health+department+smoking+policies--North+Carolina%2C+July-August+2003.&rft.au=Centers+for+Disease+Control+and+Prevention+%28CDC%29&rft.aulast=Centers+for+Disease+Control+and+Prevention+%28CDC%29&rft.aufirst=&rft.date=2005-07-08&rft.volume=54&rft.issue=26&rft.spage=653&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=MMWR.+Morbidity+and+mortality+weekly+report&rft.issn=1545-861X&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 2005-07-12 N1 - Date created - 2005-07-07 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Sex work, drug use, HIV infection, and spread of sexually transmitted infections in Moscow, Russian Federation AN - 17379859; 6499732 AB - Rates of HIV-1 infection are growing rapidly, and the epidemic of sexually transmitted infections is continuing at an alarming rate, in the Russian Federation. We did a cross-sectional study of sexually transmitted infections, HIV infection, and drug use in street youth at a juvenile detention facility, adults at homeless detention centres, and women and men at a remand centre in Moscow. 160 (79%) women at the remand centre were sex workers. 91 (51%) homeless women had syphilis. At least one bacterial sexually transmitted infection was present in 97 (58%) female juvenile detainees, 120 (64%) women at the remand centre, and 133 (75%) homeless women. HIV seroprevalence was high in women at the remand centre (n=7 [4%]), adolescent male detainees (5 [3%]), and homeless women (4 [2%]). In view of the interaction between sexually transmitted infections and HIV infection, these findings of high prevalence of sexually transmitted infections show that these disenfranchised populations have the potential to make a disproportionately high contribution to the explosive growth of the HIV epidemic unless interventions targeting these groups are implemented in the Russian Federation. JF - Lancet AU - Shakarishvili, A AU - Dubovskaya, L K AU - Zohrabyan, L S AU - Lawrence, JSSt AU - Aral, SO AU - Dugasheva, L G AU - Okan, SA AU - Lewis, J S AU - Parker, KA AU - Ryan, CA AD - Mail stop E-04, US Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, 1600 Clifton Road NE, Atlanta, GA 30333, USA, afs9@cdc.gov Y1 - 2005/07/08/ PY - 2005 DA - 2005 Jul 08 SP - 57 EP - 60 VL - 366 IS - 9479 SN - 0099-5355, 0099-5355 KW - HIV-1 KW - Microbiology Abstracts B: Bacteriology; Virology & AIDS Abstracts; Health & Safety Science Abstracts KW - Russia, Moscow KW - drug abuse KW - Epidemics KW - Sexually-transmitted diseases KW - Adolescence KW - Prostitution KW - Drug abuse KW - Infection KW - infectious diseases KW - prostitution KW - Human immunodeficiency virus 1 KW - Treponema pallidum KW - Russia KW - Syphilis KW - Drugs KW - sexually transmitted diseases KW - Adolescents KW - Sex KW - H 11000:Diseases/Injuries/Trauma KW - V 22005:AIDS: Epidemiological aspects KW - J 02400:Human Diseases UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/17379859?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologyb&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Lancet&rft.atitle=Sex+work%2C+drug+use%2C+HIV+infection%2C+and+spread+of+sexually+transmitted+infections+in+Moscow%2C+Russian+Federation&rft.au=Shakarishvili%2C+A%3BDubovskaya%2C+L+K%3BZohrabyan%2C+L+S%3BLawrence%2C+JSSt%3BAral%2C+SO%3BDugasheva%2C+L+G%3BOkan%2C+SA%3BLewis%2C+J+S%3BParker%2C+KA%3BRyan%2C+CA&rft.aulast=Shakarishvili&rft.aufirst=A&rft.date=2005-07-08&rft.volume=366&rft.issue=9479&rft.spage=57&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Lancet&rft.issn=00995355&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-01-01 N1 - Last updated - 2015-03-25 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Epidemics; Sexually-transmitted diseases; Adolescence; Prostitution; Infection; Drug abuse; Drugs; Syphilis; Sex; prostitution; drug abuse; infectious diseases; Adolescents; sexually transmitted diseases; Treponema pallidum; Human immunodeficiency virus 1; Russia, Moscow; Russia ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Public Health Research at the CDC: Implications for Communication Sciences and Disorders AN - 85621114; 200510595 AB - The following paper provides an overview of public health research at the Centers for Disease Control & Prevention (CDC), with emphasis on research involving speech, language, & hearing disorders. Public health research involves a sequence of activities from disease tracking to disease prevention. Public health focuses on populations & works to identify changes in programs & policies that can positively impact population health. This paper uses three recent studies conducted by CDC investigators to illustrate different types of research along the public health prevention continuum, with emphasis on activities involving speech, language, & hearing endpoints. The three examples are: a study of cochlear implants & the subsequent risk of meningitis (illustrative of a public health response); a study examining the prevalence of autism in several U.S. populations (an example of a surveillance or monitoring activity); & a study examining the role of in utero cigarette exposure in the etiology of oral facial clefts (illustrative of a epidemiologic risk factor study). The public health continuum provides an important vehicle for advancing our knowledge of the causes & effective prevention of communication disorders. 3 Appendixes, 8 References. [Copyright 2005 Elsevier Science Inc.] JF - Journal of Communication Disorders AU - Boyle, Coleen AU - Alexander, Martha AD - Division Birth Defects & Developmental Disabilities, National Center Birth Defects & Developmental Disabilities, Centers Disease Control & Prevention, Atlanta, GA cboyle@cdc.gov Y1 - 2005/07// PY - 2005 DA - July 2005 SP - 263 EP - 270 VL - 38 IS - 4 SN - 0021-9924, 0021-9924 KW - Autism (06800) KW - Communication Disorders (13625) KW - Speech Pathology (82650) KW - United States of America (92750) KW - Language Pathology (43250) KW - Hearing Disorders (31450) KW - Cleft Palate (12400) KW - Cochlear Implants (12642) KW - article KW - 6410: language-pathological and normal; language-pathological and normal UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/85621114?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Allba&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Communication+Disorders&rft.atitle=Public+Health+Research+at+the+CDC%3A+Implications+for+Communication+Sciences+and+Disorders&rft.au=Boyle%2C+Coleen%3BAlexander%2C+Martha&rft.aulast=Boyle&rft.aufirst=Coleen&rft.date=2005-07-01&rft.volume=38&rft.issue=4&rft.spage=263&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+Communication+Disorders&rft.issn=00219924&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - Linguistics and Language Behavior Abstracts (LLBA) N1 - Date revised - 2005-10-01 N1 - Last updated - 2016-09-27 N1 - CODEN - JCDIAI N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Hearing Disorders (31450); Cochlear Implants (12642); Speech Pathology (82650); Language Pathology (43250); Autism (06800); Cleft Palate (12400); Communication Disorders (13625); United States of America (92750) ER - TY - JOUR T1 - The relationships between television viewing in midlife and the development of Alzheimer's disease in a case-control study. AN - 85384917; pmid-15919546 AB - The relationship between leisure activities and development of cognitive impairment in aging has been the subject of recent research. We examined television viewing in association with risk of developing Alzheimer's disease (AD) in a case-control study. Given recent focus on the importance of intellectually stimulating activities as preventive measures against cognitive decline, it is important to examine the effects of less stimulating but common activities. Data are from 135 Alzheimer's disease cases and 331 healthy controls. Demographic characteristics and life history questionnaire responses on the number of hours spent on 26 leisure activities during middle-adulthood (ages 40-59) were analyzed. Logistic regression was used to examine the effects of middle-adulthood leisure activities on case vs. control status. Results indicate that for each additional daily hour of middle-adulthood television viewing the associated risk of AD development, controlling for year of birth, gender, income, and education, increased 1.3 times. Participation in intellectually stimulating activities and social activities reduced the associated risk of developing AD. Findings are consistent with the view that participation in non-intellectually stimulating activities is associated with increased risk of developing AD, and suggest television viewing may be a marker of reduced participation in intellectually stimulating activities. JF - Brain and cognition AU - Lindstrom, Heather A AU - Fritsch, Thomas AU - Petot, Grace AU - Smyth, Kathleen A AU - Chen, Chien H AU - Debanne, Sara M AU - Lerner, Alan J AU - Friedland, Robert P AD - University Memory and Aging Center, Case Western Reserve University, USA. hlindstrom@cdc.gov Y1 - 2005/07// PY - 2005 DA - Jul 2005 SP - 157 EP - 165 VL - 58 IS - 2 SN - 0278-2626, 0278-2626 KW - Index Medicus KW - National Library of Medicine KW - Adult KW - Aging: physiology KW - *Alzheimer Disease: physiopathology KW - *Brain: physiopathology KW - Case-Control Studies KW - *Cognition Disorders: diagnosis KW - Demography KW - Female KW - Humans KW - Leisure Activities KW - Male KW - Middle Aged KW - Neuropsychological Tests KW - Risk Factors KW - Social Behavior KW - *Television KW - *Visual Perception UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/85384917?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Acomdisdome&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Brain+and+cognition&rft.atitle=The+relationships+between+television+viewing+in+midlife+and+the+development+of+Alzheimer%27s+disease+in+a+case-control+study.&rft.au=Lindstrom%2C+Heather+A%3BFritsch%2C+Thomas%3BPetot%2C+Grace%3BSmyth%2C+Kathleen+A%3BChen%2C+Chien+H%3BDebanne%2C+Sara+M%3BLerner%2C+Alan+J%3BFriedland%2C+Robert+P&rft.aulast=Lindstrom&rft.aufirst=Heather&rft.date=2005-07-01&rft.volume=58&rft.issue=2&rft.spage=157&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Brain+and+cognition&rft.issn=02782626&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English (eng) DB - ComDisDome N1 - Date revised - 2011-12-15 N1 - Last updated - 2012-07-13 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Low absolute neutrophil counts in African infants. AN - 734109453; 16867975 AB - Infants of African origin have a lower normal range of absolute neutrophil counts than white infants; this fact, however, remains under appreciated by clinical researchers in the United States. During the initial stages of a clinical trial in Malawi, the authors noted an unexpectedly high number of infants with absolute neutrophil counts that would be classifiable as neutropenic using the National Institutes of Health's Division of AIDS toxicity tables. The authors argue that the relevant Division of AIDS table does not take into account the available evidence of low absolute neutrophil counts in African infants and that a systematic collection of data from many African settings might help establish the absolute neutrophil count cutpoints to be used for defining neutropenia in African populations. JF - Journal of the International Association of Physicians in AIDS Care (Chicago, Ill. : 2002) AU - Kourtis, Athena P AU - Bramson, Brian AU - van der Horst, Charles AU - Kazembe, Peter AU - Ahmed, Yusuf AU - Chasela, Charles AU - Hosseinipour, Mina AU - Knight, Rodney AU - Lugalia, Lebah AU - Tegha, Gerald AU - Joaki, George AU - Jafali, Robert AU - Jamieson, Denise J AU - UNC Project BAN Study Team AD - Division of Reproductive Health, National Center for Chronic Disease Prevention and Health Promotion, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia 20241, USA. apk3@cdc.gov ; UNC Project BAN Study Team Y1 - 2005/07// PY - 2005 DA - July 2005 SP - 73 EP - 76 VL - 4 IS - 3 KW - Index Medicus KW - Infant KW - Neutropenia KW - Humans KW - European Continental Ancestry Group KW - African Continental Ancestry Group KW - Neutrophils KW - Leukocyte Count UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/734109453?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+the+International+Association+of+Physicians+in+AIDS+Care+%28Chicago%2C+Ill.+%3A+2002%29&rft.atitle=Low+absolute+neutrophil+counts+in+African+infants.&rft.au=Kourtis%2C+Athena+P%3BBramson%2C+Brian%3Bvan+der+Horst%2C+Charles%3BKazembe%2C+Peter%3BAhmed%2C+Yusuf%3BChasela%2C+Charles%3BHosseinipour%2C+Mina%3BKnight%2C+Rodney%3BLugalia%2C+Lebah%3BTegha%2C+Gerald%3BJoaki%2C+George%3BJafali%2C+Robert%3BJamieson%2C+Denise+J%3BUNC+Project+BAN+Study+Team&rft.aulast=Kourtis&rft.aufirst=Athena&rft.date=2005-07-01&rft.volume=4&rft.issue=3&rft.spage=73&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+the+International+Association+of+Physicians+in+AIDS+Care+%28Chicago%2C+Ill.+%3A+2002%29&rft.issn=1557-0886&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 2016-04-22 N1 - Date created - 2006-07-26 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Calcitropic hormones, bone turnover, and lead exposure among female smelter workers. AN - 70185521; 17214290 AB - To study the association between levels of lead in blood and bone among female former smelter workers in Bunker Hill, Idaho, the authors performed a longitudinal study using homeostatic regulators of calcium and biomarkers of bone turnover. The authors measured participants' blood lead levels (by means of a graphite furnace atomic absorption spectrophotometer) and tibia-bone lead levels (by means of the 109Cd K x-ray fluorescence system) in 1994 and again in 2000; serum ionized calcium, parathyroid hormone, osteocalcin, urinary deoxypyridinoline, pyridinoline, and 1, 25-dihydroxyvitamin D were measured. After controlling for weight and age, significant predictors of changes in blood lead levels from 1994 to 2000 in postmenopausal women were duration of employment, higher ionized calcium levels, alcohol consumption, and higher parathyroid hormone levels. Predictors of change in tibia-bone lead levels in the same group of women were employment in a technical job such as mining and higher urinary pyridinoline levels (p < .05). Changes in blood and bone lead levels over time were associated with increased bone resorption, especially among postmenopausal women. JF - Archives of environmental & occupational health AU - Potula, Vijayalakshmi AU - Henderson, Alden AU - Kaye, Wendy AD - Agency for Toxic Substances and Disease Registry, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia, USA. Vbp6@cdc.gov PY - 2005 SP - 195 EP - 204 VL - 60 IS - 4 SN - 1933-8244, 1933-8244 KW - Amino Acids KW - 0 KW - Biomarkers KW - Calcium, Dietary KW - Parathyroid Hormone KW - Osteocalcin KW - 104982-03-8 KW - Lead KW - 2P299V784P KW - deoxypyridinoline KW - 90032-33-0 KW - Abridged Index Medicus KW - Index Medicus KW - Idaho KW - Humans KW - Osteoporosis -- etiology KW - Aged KW - Risk Assessment KW - Prospective Studies KW - Aged, 80 and over KW - Risk Factors KW - Calcium, Dietary -- metabolism KW - Adult KW - Surveys and Questionnaires KW - Biomarkers -- metabolism KW - Middle Aged KW - Mining KW - Time Factors KW - Biomarkers -- blood KW - Female KW - Menopause KW - Tibia -- metabolism KW - Lead -- adverse effects KW - Osteocalcin -- metabolism KW - Parathyroid Hormone -- metabolism KW - Lead Poisoning -- complications KW - Occupational Exposure -- adverse effects KW - Bone Density -- physiology KW - Bone Remodeling -- physiology KW - Amino Acids -- metabolism KW - Metallurgy KW - Lead -- blood UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/70185521?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Archives+of+environmental+%26+occupational+health&rft.atitle=Calcitropic+hormones%2C+bone+turnover%2C+and+lead+exposure+among+female+smelter+workers.&rft.au=Potula%2C+Vijayalakshmi%3BHenderson%2C+Alden%3BKaye%2C+Wendy&rft.aulast=Potula&rft.aufirst=Vijayalakshmi&rft.date=2005-07-01&rft.volume=60&rft.issue=4&rft.spage=195&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Archives+of+environmental+%26+occupational+health&rft.issn=19338244&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 2007-01-30 N1 - Date created - 2007-01-11 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Report from the CDC. Is lead exposure a risk factor for bone loss? AN - 68507439; 16114996 JF - Journal of women's health (2002) AU - Potula, Vijayalakshmi AU - Kaye, Wendy AD - Epidemiology and Surveillance Branch, Division of Health Studies, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Agency for Toxic Substances and Disease Registry, Atlanta, Georgia 30333, USA. Vbp6@cdc.gov PY - 2005 SP - 461 EP - 464 VL - 14 IS - 6 SN - 1540-9996, 1540-9996 KW - Lead KW - 2P299V784P KW - Index Medicus KW - United States KW - Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (U.S.) KW - Risk Factors KW - Humans KW - Menopause KW - Female KW - Lead -- adverse effects KW - Osteoporosis -- etiology KW - Occupational Exposure -- adverse effects KW - Bone and Bones -- metabolism KW - Lead Poisoning -- metabolism KW - Osteoporosis -- chemically induced UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/68507439?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+women%27s+health+%282002%29&rft.atitle=Report+from+the+CDC.+Is+lead+exposure+a+risk+factor+for+bone+loss%3F&rft.au=Potula%2C+Vijayalakshmi%3BKaye%2C+Wendy&rft.aulast=Potula&rft.aufirst=Vijayalakshmi&rft.date=2005-07-01&rft.volume=14&rft.issue=6&rft.spage=461&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+women%27s+health+%282002%29&rft.issn=15409996&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 2005-10-18 N1 - Date created - 2005-08-23 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Nicotine exposure and decontamination on tobacco harvesters' hands. AN - 68019920; 15705597 AB - Green tobacco sickness is an illness associated with nicotine exposures among tobacco harvesters. Agricultural workers manually harvest tobacco and thus have the potential for skin exposure to nicotine, particularly on the hands. Often gloves are not worn as it hinders the harvesters' ability to harvest the tobacco leaves. The purposes of this study were to measure the concentration of nicotine residue on the hands of tobacco harvesters and the effectiveness of hand washing at removing the residue. Wipe samples from the hands of 12 tobacco harvesters were collected at the end of morning and afternoon work periods over two consecutive days. Each harvester had one hand wiped before washing his hands, and the other hand wiped after washing his hands with soap and water. Eight samples per worker were collected over the two days for a total of 96 samples collected. In addition to the hand-wipe samples, leaf-wipe samples were collected from 15 tobacco plants to estimate the amount of nicotine residue on the plants. The average nicotine level in leaf-wipe samples was 1.0 microg cm(-2). The geometric mean pre-wash and post-wash nicotine levels on the hands were 10 and 0.38 microg cm(-2), respectively. Nicotine leaf-wipe level, right or left hand and time of sampling did not significantly influence exposure. Job position-working on the bottom versus the top of the tobacco harvesting machine-was associated with nicotine levels. Pre-wash nicotine levels were higher for workers on the bottom of the harvester but not significantly higher (P = 0.17). Post-wash nicotine levels were significantly higher for workers on the bottom of the harvester (P = 0.012). A substantial amount of nicotine was transferred to the hands, but washing with soap and water in the field significantly reduced nicotine levels by an average of 96% (P < 0.0001). JF - The Annals of occupational hygiene AU - Curwin, Brian D AU - Hein, Misty J AU - Sanderson, Wayne T AU - Nishioka, Marcia G AU - Buhler, Wayne AD - Industrywide Studies Branch, Division of Surveillance, Hazard Evaluations and Field Studies, National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, 4676 Columbia Parkway MSR-14, Cincinnati, OH 45226, USA. bcurwin@cdc.gov Y1 - 2005/07// PY - 2005 DA - July 2005 SP - 407 EP - 413 VL - 49 IS - 5 SN - 0003-4878, 0003-4878 KW - Nicotine KW - 6M3C89ZY6R KW - Index Medicus KW - Analysis of Variance KW - Hand Disinfection KW - South Carolina KW - Humans KW - Male KW - Decontamination -- methods KW - Agriculture KW - Nicotine -- analysis KW - Nicotine -- adverse effects KW - Tobacco KW - Occupational Exposure -- analysis UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/68019920?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Annals+of+occupational+hygiene&rft.atitle=Nicotine+exposure+and+decontamination+on+tobacco+harvesters%27+hands.&rft.au=Curwin%2C+Brian+D%3BHein%2C+Misty+J%3BSanderson%2C+Wayne+T%3BNishioka%2C+Marcia+G%3BBuhler%2C+Wayne&rft.aulast=Curwin&rft.aufirst=Brian&rft.date=2005-07-01&rft.volume=49&rft.issue=5&rft.spage=407&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=The+Annals+of+occupational+hygiene&rft.issn=00034878&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 2006-01-24 N1 - Date created - 2005-07-12 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Sex work, drug use, HIV infection, and spread of sexually transmitted infections in Moscow, Russian Federation. AN - 68001632; 15993234 AB - Rates of HIV-1 infection are growing rapidly, and the epidemic of sexually transmitted infections is continuing at an alarming rate, in the Russian Federation. We did a cross-sectional study of sexually transmitted infections, HIV infection, and drug use in street youth at a juvenile detention facility, adults at homeless detention centres, and women and men at a remand centre in Moscow. 160 (79%) women at the remand centre were sex workers. 91 (51%) homeless women had syphilis. At least one bacterial sexually transmitted infection was present in 97 (58%) female juvenile detainees, 120 (64%) women at the remand centre, and 133 (75%) homeless women. HIV seroprevalence was high in women at the remand centre (n=7 [4%]), adolescent male detainees (5 [3%]), and homeless women (4 [2%]). In view of the interaction between sexually transmitted infections and HIV infection, these findings of high prevalence of sexually transmitted infections show that these disenfranchised populations have the potential to make a disproportionately high contribution to the explosive growth of the HIV epidemic unless interventions targeting these groups are implemented in the Russian Federation. JF - Lancet (London, England) AU - Shakarishvili, A AU - Dubovskaya, L K AU - Zohrabyan, L S AU - St Lawrence, J S AU - Aral, S O AU - Dugasheva, L G AU - Okan, S A AU - Lewis, J S AU - Parker, K A AU - Ryan, C A AU - LIBRA Project Investigation Team AD - US Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA 30333, USA. afs9@cdc.gov ; LIBRA Project Investigation Team PY - 2005 SP - 57 EP - 60 VL - 366 IS - 9479 KW - Abridged Index Medicus KW - Index Medicus KW - Humans KW - Moscow -- epidemiology KW - Adult KW - Middle Aged KW - Adolescent KW - Homeless Persons KW - Male KW - Female KW - Prevalence KW - Prisons KW - HIV Infections -- transmission KW - Sex Work KW - HIV-1 KW - HIV Infections -- epidemiology KW - Sexually Transmitted Diseases -- transmission KW - Substance-Related Disorders -- epidemiology KW - Sexually Transmitted Diseases -- epidemiology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/68001632?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Lancet+%28London%2C+England%29&rft.atitle=Sex+work%2C+drug+use%2C+HIV+infection%2C+and+spread+of+sexually+transmitted+infections+in+Moscow%2C+Russian+Federation.&rft.au=Shakarishvili%2C+A%3BDubovskaya%2C+L+K%3BZohrabyan%2C+L+S%3BSt+Lawrence%2C+J+S%3BAral%2C+S+O%3BDugasheva%2C+L+G%3BOkan%2C+S+A%3BLewis%2C+J+S%3BParker%2C+K+A%3BRyan%2C+C+A%3BLIBRA+Project+Investigation+Team&rft.aulast=Shakarishvili&rft.aufirst=A&rft.date=2005-07-01&rft.volume=366&rft.issue=9479&rft.spage=57&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Lancet+%28London%2C+England%29&rft.issn=1474-547X&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 2005-09-06 N1 - Date created - 2005-07-04 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - SuppNotes - Comment In: Lancet. 2005 Jul 2-8;366(9479):1 [15999400] Lancet. 2005 Sep 17-23;366(9490):983-4 [16168777] N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Annual smoking-attributable mortality, years of potential life lost, and productivity losses--United States, 1997-2001. AN - 67986939; 15988406 AB - Smoking harms nearly every organ of the body, causing many diseases and reducing quality of life and life expectancy. This report assesses the health consequences and productivity losses attributable to smoking in the United States during 1997-2001. CDC calculated national estimates of annual smoking-attributable mortality (SAM), years of potential life lost (YPLL) for adults and infants, and productivity losses for adults. The findings indicated that, during 1997-2001, cigarette smoking and exposure to tobacco smoke resulted in approximately 438,000 premature deaths in the United States, 5.5 million YPLL, and 92 billion dollars in productivity losses annually. Implementation of comprehensive tobacco-control programs as recommended by CDC can reduce smoking prevalence and related mortality and health-care costs. JF - MMWR. Morbidity and mortality weekly report AU - Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) AD - Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) Y1 - 2005/07/01/ PY - 2005 DA - 2005 Jul 01 SP - 625 EP - 628 VL - 54 IS - 25 KW - Tobacco Smoke Pollution KW - 0 KW - Index Medicus KW - Mortality KW - Life Tables KW - Humans KW - United States -- epidemiology KW - Morbidity KW - Male KW - Female KW - Cost of Illness KW - Tobacco Smoke Pollution -- statistics & numerical data KW - Tobacco Smoke Pollution -- adverse effects KW - Smoking -- adverse effects KW - Smoking -- epidemiology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/67986939?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=MMWR.+Morbidity+and+mortality+weekly+report&rft.atitle=Vibrio+illnesses+after+Hurricane+Katrina--multiple+states%2C+August-September+2005.&rft.au=Centers+for+Disease+Control+and+Prevention+%28CDC%29&rft.aulast=Centers+for+Disease+Control+and+Prevention+%28CDC%29&rft.aufirst=&rft.date=2005-09-23&rft.volume=54&rft.issue=37&rft.spage=928&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=MMWR.+Morbidity+and+mortality+weekly+report&rft.issn=1545-861X&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 2005-07-05 N1 - Date created - 2005-06-30 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - From the mouse to the mass spectrometer: detection and differentiation of the endoproteinase activities of botulinum neurotoxins A-G by mass spectrometry. AN - 67981502; 15987092 AB - We have developed an assay (Endopep-MS) that detects the specific endoproteinase activities of all seven BoNT types by mass spectrometry (MS). Each BoNT type cleaves a unique site on proteins involved in neuronal transmission. Target peptide substrates based on these proteins identify a BoNT type by its enzymatic action on the substrate and the production of two peptide products, which are then detected by matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization time-of-flight MS or liquid chromatography electrospray ionization MS/MS. We showed the ability to detect all seven toxin types in a multiplexed assay format. The detection limits achieved range from 0.039 to 0.625 mouse LD(50)/mL for toxin types A, B, E, and F in a buffer system. The Endopep-MS assay is the first to differentiate all seven BoNT types, is sensitive, specific, and has the potential to quantify toxin activity. JF - Analytical chemistry AU - Boyer, Anne E AU - Moura, Hercules AU - Woolfitt, Adrian R AU - Kalb, Suzanne R AU - McWilliams, Lisa G AU - Pavlopoulos, Antonis AU - Schmidt, Jurgen G AU - Ashley, David L AU - Barr, John R AD - National Center for Environmental Health, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, 4770 Buford Highway, NE, Atlanta, Georgia 30341-3724, USA. aboyer@cdc.gov Y1 - 2005/07/01/ PY - 2005 DA - 2005 Jul 01 SP - 3916 EP - 3924 VL - 77 IS - 13 SN - 0003-2700, 0003-2700 KW - Endopeptidases KW - EC 3.4.- KW - Botulinum Toxins KW - EC 3.4.24.69 KW - Index Medicus KW - Animals KW - Mice KW - Amino Acid Sequence KW - Endopeptidases -- metabolism KW - Botulinum Toxins -- chemistry KW - Spectrometry, Mass, Matrix-Assisted Laser Desorption-Ionization -- methods KW - Botulinum Toxins -- metabolism KW - Endopeptidases -- chemistry KW - Spectrometry, Mass, Electrospray Ionization -- methods UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/67981502?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Analytical+chemistry&rft.atitle=From+the+mouse+to+the+mass+spectrometer%3A+detection+and+differentiation+of+the+endoproteinase+activities+of+botulinum+neurotoxins+A-G+by+mass+spectrometry.&rft.au=Boyer%2C+Anne+E%3BMoura%2C+Hercules%3BWoolfitt%2C+Adrian+R%3BKalb%2C+Suzanne+R%3BMcWilliams%2C+Lisa+G%3BPavlopoulos%2C+Antonis%3BSchmidt%2C+Jurgen+G%3BAshley%2C+David+L%3BBarr%2C+John+R&rft.aulast=Boyer&rft.aufirst=Anne&rft.date=2005-07-01&rft.volume=77&rft.issue=13&rft.spage=3916&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Analytical+chemistry&rft.issn=00032700&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 2007-03-16 N1 - Date created - 2005-06-30 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Identifying public water facilities with low spatial variability of disinfection by-products for epidemiological investigations. AN - 67944834; 15961627 AB - Epidemiological studies of disinfection by-products (DBPs) and reproductive outcomes have been hampered by misclassification of exposure. In most epidemiological studies conducted to date, all persons living within the boundaries of a water distribution system have been assigned a common exposure value based on facility-wide averages of trihalomethane (THM) concentrations. Since THMs do not develop uniformly throughout a distribution system, assignment of facility-wide averages may be inappropriate. One approach to mitigate this potential for misclassification is to select communities for epidemiological investigations that are served by distribution systems with consistently low spatial variability of THMs. A feasibility study was conducted to develop methods for community selection using the Information Collection Rule (ICR) database, assembled by the US Environmental Protection Agency. The ICR database contains quarterly DBP concentrations collected between 1997 and 1998 from the distribution systems of 198 public water facilities with minimum service populations of 100,000 persons. Facilities with low spatial variation of THMs were identified using two methods; 33 facilities were found with low spatial variability based on one or both methods. Because brominated THMs may be important predictors of risk for adverse reproductive outcomes, sites were categorised into three exposure profiles according to proportion of brominated THM species and average TTHM concentration. The correlation between THMs and haloacetic acids (HAAs) in these facilities was evaluated to see whether selection by total trihalomethanes (TTHMs) corresponds to low spatial variability for HAAs. TTHMs were only moderately correlated with HAAs (r = 0.623). Results provide a simple method for a priori selection of sites with low spatial variability from state or national public water facility datasets as a means to reduce exposure misclassification in epidemiological studies of DBPs. JF - Occupational and environmental medicine AU - Hinckley, A F AU - Bachand, A M AU - Nuckols, J R AU - Reif, J S AD - Department of Environmental and Radiological Health Sciences, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO 80523-1681, USA. ahinckley@cdc.gov Y1 - 2005/07// PY - 2005 DA - July 2005 SP - 494 EP - 499 VL - 62 IS - 7 KW - Disinfectants KW - 0 KW - Trihalomethanes KW - Water Pollutants, Chemical KW - Acetic Acid KW - Q40Q9N063P KW - Index Medicus KW - Feasibility Studies KW - Analysis of Variance KW - Water Supply -- standards KW - Humans KW - Acetic Acid -- analysis KW - Environmental Exposure KW - Databases, Factual KW - Trihalomethanes -- analysis KW - Female KW - Pregnancy KW - Water Pollutants, Chemical -- analysis KW - Water Purification -- standards KW - Disinfectants -- analysis KW - Maternal Exposure UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/67944834?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Occupational+and+environmental+medicine&rft.atitle=Identifying+public+water+facilities+with+low+spatial+variability+of+disinfection+by-products+for+epidemiological+investigations.&rft.au=Hinckley%2C+A+F%3BBachand%2C+A+M%3BNuckols%2C+J+R%3BReif%2C+J+S&rft.aulast=Hinckley&rft.aufirst=A&rft.date=2005-07-01&rft.volume=62&rft.issue=7&rft.spage=494&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Occupational+and+environmental+medicine&rft.issn=1470-7926&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 2005-07-25 N1 - Date created - 2005-06-17 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - SuppNotes - Cited By: Occup Environ Med. 2000 Feb;57(2):73-85 [10711274] J Expo Anal Environ Epidemiol. 2004 Nov;14(6):466-72 [15026776] Toxicol Sci. 2001 Feb;59(2):309-15 [11158724] J Expo Anal Environ Epidemiol. 2001 Nov-Dec;11(6):522-31 [11791168] Environ Health Perspect. 2002 Feb;110 Suppl 1:61-74 [11834464] Environ Sci Technol. 2002 Apr 15;36(8):1692-8 [11993865] Water Res. 2003 Feb;37(4):953-8 [12531279] Occup Environ Med. 2003 Mar;60(3):173-80 [12598663] Environ Monit Assess. 2003 Nov;89(1):69-93 [14609275] Epidemiology. 2004 Mar;15(2):179-86 [15127910] Environ Health Perspect. 2004 Jun;112(8):920-5 [15175183] Epidemiology. 1992 Sep;3(5):407-13 [1391132] Am J Epidemiol. 1995 May 1;141(9):850-62 [7717362] Environ Health Perspect. 1995 Jun;103(6):592-6 [7556013] Environ Health Perspect. 1996 Oct;104(10):1056-61 [8930546] Fundam Appl Toxicol. 1997 Nov;40(1):30-6 [9398485] Epidemiology. 1998 Mar;9(2):134-40 [9504280] Epidemiology. 1998 Sep;9(5):484-9 [9730025] Epidemiology. 1999 Jul;10(4):383-90 [10401872] Mutagenesis. 1999 Sep;14(5):479-82 [10473651] Environ Health Perspect. 2000 Sep;108(9):883-6 [11017894] N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Leaving Answering Machine Messages: Do They Increase Response Rates for RDD Surveys? AN - 60503095; 200516544 AB - The authors examined whether leaving scripted messages on telephone answering machines decreased the non-response rate for surveys for the Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System. This research project has been encountering a increasingly high level of non-responses & so the researchers hoped to increase response rate. However, after conducting a large stratified random trial, the authors determined that leaving scripted messages did not increase response rate for two reasons. First, a relatively low percentage of the targeted households had answering machines. Secondly, the targeted respondents either did not hear the message or were not motivated by the message to respond. The authors concluded that a different method of increasing response rates should be investigated. 25 References. D. Knaff JF - International Journal of Public Opinion Research AU - Link, Michael W AU - Mokdad, Ali AD - Centers Disease Control & Prevention, Atlanta, GA Mlink@cdc.gov Y1 - 2005/07// PY - 2005 DA - July 2005 SP - 239 EP - 250 VL - 17 IS - 2 SN - 0954-2892, 0954-2892 KW - Telephone Surveys KW - Messages KW - Methodology (Data Collection) KW - Research Responses KW - article KW - 0104: methodology and research technology; research methods/tools UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/60503095?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Asocabs&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=International+Journal+of+Public+Opinion+Research&rft.atitle=Leaving+Answering+Machine+Messages%3A+Do+They+Increase+Response+Rates+for+RDD+Surveys%3F&rft.au=Link%2C+Michael+W%3BMokdad%2C+Ali&rft.aulast=Link&rft.aufirst=Michael&rft.date=2005-07-01&rft.volume=17&rft.issue=2&rft.spage=239&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=International+Journal+of+Public+Opinion+Research&rft.issn=09542892&rft_id=info:doi/10.1093%2Fijpor%2Fedho48 LA - English DB - Sociological Abstracts N1 - Date revised - 2007-04-01 N1 - Number of references - 15 N1 - Last updated - 2016-09-28 N1 - CODEN - IJPOE2 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Research Responses; Messages; Telephone Surveys; Methodology (Data Collection) DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/ijpor/edho48 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Health effects classification and its role in the derivation of minimal risk levels: Hepatic effects AN - 20726467; 8251047 AB - The Agency for Toxic Substances and Disease Registry (ATSDR) derives health based guidance values called minimal risk levels (MRLs) to assist with assessment of risks posed by exposures to hazardous chemicals. Current MRLs are posted on ATSDR's web site (www.atsdr.cdc.gov). From the total 326 MRLs currently posted, 79 MRLs are based on hepatic endpoints. The paper reports on endpoints used for the derivation of these MRLs and the use of uncertainty factors. It also describes the ranking of effects into less serious and serious categories as described in ATSDR's Guidance for Developing Toxicological Profiles. JF - Regulatory Toxicology and Pharmacology AU - Pohl, H R AU - Chou, CHSJ AD - U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, Atlanta, GA 30333, USA, hpohl@cdc.gov Y1 - 2005/07// PY - 2005 DA - Jul 2005 SP - 161 EP - 171 PB - Elsevier Science, P.O. Box 211 Amsterdam 1000 AE Netherlands, [mailto:nlinfo-f@elsevier.nl], [URL:http://www.elsevier.nl/] VL - 42 IS - 2 SN - 0273-2300, 0273-2300 KW - Toxicology Abstracts; Risk Abstracts KW - Chemicals KW - Risk assessment KW - Toxic substances KW - Classification KW - classification KW - Liver KW - X 24310:Pharmaceuticals KW - R2 23010:General: Models, forecasting UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/20726467?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Ariskabstracts&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Regulatory+Toxicology+and+Pharmacology&rft.atitle=Health+effects+classification+and+its+role+in+the+derivation+of+minimal+risk+levels%3A+Hepatic+effects&rft.au=Pohl%2C+H+R%3BChou%2C+CHSJ&rft.aulast=Pohl&rft.aufirst=H&rft.date=2005-07-01&rft.volume=42&rft.issue=2&rft.spage=161&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Regulatory+Toxicology+and+Pharmacology&rft.issn=02732300&rft_id=info:doi/10.1016%2Fj.yrtph.2005.03.002 LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2008-07-01 N1 - Last updated - 2015-03-27 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Risk assessment; Classification; Liver; Chemicals; Toxic substances; classification DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.yrtph.2005.03.002 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Identification of ergonomics interventions used to reduce musculoskeletal loading for building installation tasks AN - 19754890; 7572788 AB - Skilled workers in the mechanical and electrical installation (M/EI) building and construction trades experience high rates of disabling work-related musculoskeletal disorders (WMSDs). The M/EI trades involve installing piping; heating, ventilation and air conditioning (HVAC), and electrical systems in residential, commercial, and industrial buildings. In the absence of an ergonomics standard in the United States, some building and construction contractors, including M/EI sector contractors, have implemented various ergonomics interventions on their worksites on a voluntary basis. However, no data were available to determine the type of voluntary control measures being implemented, the task-specific hazards for which control measures needed to be developed or refined, and perceived barriers to improving hazard control. As part of a larger effort to obtain this data, the National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH) organized a stakeholder meeting to gather information regarding ergonomics interventions or 'best practices' by M/EI contractors and tradespeople. The attendees included 39 industry representatives, 17 construction ergonomics researchers from government and academia, and four ergonomics consultants with experience in the construction industry. Participants spent more than 50% of time meeting in small trade-specific breakout sessions. According to the participants, tasks common to the three trades included (1) drill holes and shoot fasteners; (2) place and install systems, and (3) lift and carry materials and equipment. Engineering interventions described in the stakeholder meeting included tools, equipment, and engineered building materials; administrative controls largely consisted of training and education programs and modifications of work and management practice. Most participants believed that there were significant limits to the impact individual contractors and tradespeople could have in leading ergonomics improvement in the building and construction industry. JF - Applied Ergonomics AU - Albers, Jim AU - Estill, Cherie AU - MacDonald, Leslie AD - National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, 4676 Columbia Parkway, MS C-24, Cincinnati, OH 45226, USA, jalbers@cdc.gov Y1 - 2005/07// PY - 2005 DA - Jul 2005 SP - 427 EP - 439 PB - Elsevier Science Ltd., The Boulevard Langford Lane Kidlington Oxford OX5 1GB UK, [mailto:nlinfo-f@elsevier.nl], [URL:http://www.elsevier.nl] VL - 36 IS - 4 SN - 0003-6870, 0003-6870 KW - Health & Safety Science Abstracts KW - Special Issue: Ergonomics in Building and Construction KW - Construction industry KW - Work-related musculoskeletal disorder KW - Ergonomics intervention KW - USA KW - best practices KW - Air conditioning KW - intervention KW - Occupational safety KW - Buildings KW - stakeholders KW - Ergonomics KW - working conditions KW - musculoskeletal system KW - H 10000:Ergonomics/Human Factors UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/19754890?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Ahealthsafetyabstracts&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Applied+Ergonomics&rft.atitle=Identification+of+ergonomics+interventions+used+to+reduce+musculoskeletal+loading+for+building+installation+tasks&rft.au=Albers%2C+Jim%3BEstill%2C+Cherie%3BMacDonald%2C+Leslie&rft.aulast=Albers&rft.aufirst=Jim&rft.date=2005-07-01&rft.volume=36&rft.issue=4&rft.spage=427&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Applied+Ergonomics&rft.issn=00036870&rft_id=info:doi/10.1016%2Fj.apergo.2004.07.005 LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2007-09-01 N1 - Last updated - 2015-04-01 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - best practices; Air conditioning; intervention; Occupational safety; stakeholders; Buildings; musculoskeletal system; Construction industry; working conditions; Ergonomics; USA DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.apergo.2004.07.005 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Health effects classification and its role in the derivation of minimal risk levels: Renal effects AN - 19530693; 8251051 AB - The Agency for Toxic Substances and Disease Registry (ATSDR) derives minimal risk levels (MRLs) for priority hazardous substances. MRLs are health guidance values intended to serve as screening levels for health assessors to select contaminants of concern and to assess potential health effects at hazardous waste sites and areas affected by unplanned releases. Current MRLs are published in ATSDR toxicological profiles and are listed at the ATSDR website at www.atsdr.cdc.gov. To date, ATSDR has derived 125 inhalation MRLs, 207 oral MRLs, and eight external radiation MRLs; 19 MRLs are based on renal effects. This article reports on endpoints used to derive the MRLs. It also presents the ranking of effects into less serious and serious categories as described in ATSDR's Guidance for Developing Toxicological Profiles. JF - Regulatory Toxicology and Pharmacology AU - Chou, CHSJ AU - Pohl, H R AD - U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, Atlanta, GA, USA, cjc3@cdc.gov Y1 - 2005/07// PY - 2005 DA - Jul 2005 SP - 202 EP - 208 PB - Elsevier Science, P.O. Box 211 Amsterdam 1000 AE Netherlands, [mailto:nlinfo-f@elsevier.nl], [URL:http://www.elsevier.nl/] VL - 42 IS - 2 SN - 0273-2300, 0273-2300 KW - Risk Abstracts; Pollution Abstracts; Toxicology Abstracts; Health & Safety Science Abstracts KW - Risk assessment KW - Inhalation KW - Radiation KW - Classification KW - Waste disposal sites KW - Kidney KW - Contaminants KW - Hazardous wastes KW - H 3000:Environment and Ecology KW - X 24310:Pharmaceuticals KW - R2 23050:Environment KW - P 4000:WASTE MANAGEMENT UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/19530693?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Ariskabstracts&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Regulatory+Toxicology+and+Pharmacology&rft.atitle=Health+effects+classification+and+its+role+in+the+derivation+of+minimal+risk+levels%3A+Renal+effects&rft.au=Chou%2C+CHSJ%3BPohl%2C+H+R&rft.aulast=Chou&rft.aufirst=CHSJ&rft.date=2005-07-01&rft.volume=42&rft.issue=2&rft.spage=202&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Regulatory+Toxicology+and+Pharmacology&rft.issn=02732300&rft_id=info:doi/10.1016%2Fj.yrtph.2005.04.003 LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2008-07-01 N1 - Last updated - 2015-03-27 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Inhalation; Classification; Radiation; Waste disposal sites; Kidney; Contaminants; Risk assessment; Hazardous wastes DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.yrtph.2005.04.003 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - The Internet as a Useful Adjunct during Foodborne Outbreak Investigations AN - 19519446; 7231894 AB - During a foodborne outbreak investigation in Nevada during 2001, raw oysters were identified as a potential vehicle. Irregularities in record keeping prevented traceback of specific shipments of oysters; however, the Internet provided information useful in locating the source of the oysters. In addition, harvest site closure notices posted on the Internet revealed inconsistencies in the dating of oyster tags at the processor. The Internet provides access to a wealth of information available at Web sites of federal, state, and local agencies, as well as commercial food producers. This information can be useful during outbreak investigations. JF - Food Protection Trends AU - Beatty, ME AU - Verchick, L AU - Rowley, P AU - Labus, B AU - Ormond, B AU - Bell, R L AU - Braden, C AU - Painter, J AD - Epidemic Intelligence Service, Division of Applied Public Health Training, Epidemiology Program Office, CDC, 1600 Clifton Road Mail Stop A-38, Atlanta, GA 30333, USA Y1 - 2005/07// PY - 2005 DA - Jul 2005 VL - 25 IS - 7 KW - Health & Safety Science Abstracts KW - Information retrieval KW - Web searching KW - USA, Nevada KW - outbreaks KW - Food contamination KW - food-borne diseases KW - Internet KW - H 11000:Diseases/Injuries/Trauma UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/19519446?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Ahealthsafetyabstracts&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Food+Protection+Trends&rft.atitle=The+Internet+as+a+Useful+Adjunct+during+Foodborne+Outbreak+Investigations&rft.au=Beatty%2C+ME%3BVerchick%2C+L%3BRowley%2C+P%3BLabus%2C+B%3BOrmond%2C+B%3BBell%2C+R+L%3BBraden%2C+C%3BPainter%2C+J&rft.aulast=Beatty&rft.aufirst=ME&rft.date=2005-07-01&rft.volume=25&rft.issue=7&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Food+Protection+Trends&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2007-02-01 N1 - Last updated - 2015-04-01 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Information retrieval; Web searching; outbreaks; Food contamination; food-borne diseases; Internet; USA, Nevada ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Pesticide Contamination Inside Farm and Nonfarm Homes AN - 17646037; 6418674 AB - Twenty-five farm (F) households and 25 nonfarm (NF) households in Iowa were enrolled in a study investigating agricultural pesticide contamination inside homes. Air, surface wipe, and dust samples were collected. Samples from 39 homes (20 F and 19 NF) were analyzed for atrazine, metolachlor, acetochlor, alachlor, and chlorpyrifos. Samples from 11 homes (5 F and 6 NF) were analyzed for glyphosate and 2,4-Dichloro-phenoxyac etic acid (2, 4-D). Greater than 88% of the air and greater than 74% of the wipe samples were below the limit of detection (LOD). Among the air and wipe samples, chlorpyrifos was detected most frequently in homes. In the dust samples, all the pesticides were detected in greater than 50% of the samples except acetochlor and alachlor, which were detected in less than 30% of the samples. Pesticides in dust samples were detected more often in farm homes except 2,4-D, which was detected in 100% of the farm and nonfarm home samples. The average concentration in dust was higher in farm homes versus nonfarm homes for each pesticide. Further analysis of the data was limited to those pesticides with at least 50% of the dust samples above the LOD. All farms that sprayed a pesticide had higher levels of that pesticide in dust than both farms that did not spray that pesticide and nonfarms; however, only atrazine and metolachlor were significantly higher. The adjusted geometric mean pesticide concentration in dust for farms that sprayed a particular pesticide ranged from 94 to 1300 ng/g compared with 12 to 1000 ng/g for farms that did not spray a particular pesticide, and 2.4 to 320 ng/g for nonfarms. The distributions of the pesticides throughout the various rooms sampled suggest that the strictly agricultural herbicides atrazine and metolachlor are potentially being brought into the home on the farmer's shoes and clothing. These herbicides are not applied in or around the home but they appear to be getting into the home para-occupationally. For agricultural pesticides, take-home exposure may be an important source of home contamination. JF - Journal of Occupational and Environmental Hygiene AU - Curwin, B D AU - Hein, MJ AU - Sanderson, W T AU - Nishioka, M G AU - Reynolds, S J AU - Ward, E M AU - Alavanja, M C AD - National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, 4676 Columbia Parkway, MS R-14, Cincinnati, OH 45226, USA, bcurwin@cdc.gov Y1 - 2005/07// PY - 2005 DA - Jul 2005 SP - 357 EP - 367 VL - 2 IS - 7 SN - 1545-9624, 1545-9624 KW - Toxicology Abstracts; Pollution Abstracts; Health & Safety Science Abstracts KW - H 5000:Pesticides KW - P 6000:TOXICOLOGY AND HEALTH KW - X 24136:Environmental impact UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/17646037?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxicologyabstracts&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Occupational+and+Environmental+Hygiene&rft.atitle=Pesticide+Contamination+Inside+Farm+and+Nonfarm+Homes&rft.au=Curwin%2C+B+D%3BHein%2C+MJ%3BSanderson%2C+W+T%3BNishioka%2C+M+G%3BReynolds%2C+S+J%3BWard%2C+E+M%3BAlavanja%2C+M+C&rft.aulast=Curwin&rft.aufirst=B&rft.date=2005-07-01&rft.volume=2&rft.issue=7&rft.spage=357&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+Occupational+and+Environmental+Hygiene&rft.issn=15459624&rft_id=info:doi/10.1080%2F15459620591001606 LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2005-09-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/15459620591001606 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Fetal Alcohol Syndrome Prevention in South Africa and Other Low-Resource Countries AN - 17588859; 6478119 JF - American Journal of Public Health AU - Rosenthal, Jorge AU - Christianson, Arnold AU - Cordero, Jose AD - National Center on Birth Defects and Developmental Disabilities, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA Y1 - 2005/07// PY - 2005 DA - Jul 2005 SP - 1099 EP - 1101 PB - American Public Health Association, 1015 15th St., N.W. Washington DC 20005 USA VL - 95 IS - 7 SN - 0090-0036, 0090-0036 KW - fetal alcohol syndrome KW - Risk Abstracts; Health & Safety Science Abstracts KW - Pregnancy KW - Public health KW - prevention KW - South Africa KW - R2 23060:Medical and environmental health KW - H 12000:Epidemiology and Public Health UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/17588859?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Ariskabstracts&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=American+Journal+of+Public+Health&rft.atitle=Fetal+Alcohol+Syndrome+Prevention+in+South+Africa+and+Other+Low-Resource+Countries&rft.au=Rosenthal%2C+Jorge%3BChristianson%2C+Arnold%3BCordero%2C+Jose&rft.aulast=Rosenthal&rft.aufirst=Jorge&rft.date=2005-07-01&rft.volume=95&rft.issue=7&rft.spage=1099&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=American+Journal+of+Public+Health&rft.issn=00900036&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - South Africa; Public health; prevention; Pregnancy ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Novel mycolic acid-containing bacteria in the family Segniliparaceae fam. nov., including the genus Segniliparus gen. nov., with descriptions of Segniliparus rotundus sp. nov. and Segniliparus rugosus sp. nov. AN - 17506259; 6399901 AB - Four strains of novel, rapidly growing, acid-alcohol-fast-staining bacteria were characterized with a polyphasic approach. Isolates were received by the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention from domestic health department laboratories for reference testing as unidentifiable, clinical mycobacteria. Bacteria were rod-shaped and produced non-pigmented (white to beige), non-photochromogenic, smooth or wrinkled-rough colonies on Middlebrook 7H10 and 7H11 media at 33 degree C. The smooth and wrinkled colony forms were representative of two species with 68 times 0 and 72 times 0 mol% DNA G+C content. The cell wall contained meso-diaminopimelic acid and mycolic acids. Species were characterized by cellular fatty acids of C10: 0, C14: 0, C16: 1 omega 9t, C16: 0, C18: 1 omega 9c and 10-methyl C18: 0 (tuberculostearic acid). HPLC analysis of mycolic acids produced a novel late-emerging, genus-specific mycolate pattern. TLC analysis demonstrated a novel alpha super(+)-mycolate. Species were 98 times 9% similar by comparison of 16S rRNA gene sequences; however, the DNA-DNA association was <28%. Phylogenetic analysis of 16S rRNA gene sequences demonstrated an association with Rhodococcus equi, although a DNA-DNA relatedness value of 2% did not support a close relationship. PCR analysis of a proposed, selected actinomycete-specific 439 bp fragment of the 65 kDa heat-shock protein was negative for three of the four isolates. The creation of Segniliparaceae fam. nov. is proposed to encompass the genus Segniliparus gen. nov., including two novel species, the type species Segniliparus rotundus sp. nov. and Segniliparus rugosus sp. nov., with the respective type strains CDC 1076 super(T) (=ATCC BAA-972 super(T)=CIP 108378 super(T)) and CDC 945 super(T) (=ATCC BAA-974 super(T)=CIP 108380 super(T)). JF - International Journal of Systematic and Evolutionary Microbiology AU - Butler, W R AU - Floyd, M M AU - Brown, J M AU - Toney AU - Daneshvar, MI AU - Cooksey, R C AU - Carr, J AU - Steigerwalt, A G AU - Charles, N AD - Division of Tuberculosis Elimination, National Center for HIV, STD and Tuberculosis Prevention, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA, USA, wrb1@cdc.gov Y1 - 2005/07// PY - 2005 DA - Jul 2005 SP - 1615 EP - 1624 VL - 55 IS - 4 SN - 1466-5026, 1466-5026 KW - Microbiology Abstracts B: Bacteriology KW - Phylogeny KW - High-performance liquid chromatography KW - Heat shock proteins KW - New families KW - Disease control KW - Mycolic acids KW - Segniliparus KW - Fatty acids KW - Segniliparus rotundus KW - Polymerase chain reaction KW - Segniliparaceae KW - New genera KW - Rhodococcus equi KW - rRNA 16S KW - Evolution KW - Cell walls KW - New species KW - Segniliparus rugosus KW - J 02710:Identification, taxonomy and typing UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/17506259?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologyb&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=International+Journal+of+Systematic+and+Evolutionary+Microbiology&rft.atitle=Novel+mycolic+acid-containing+bacteria+in+the+family+Segniliparaceae+fam.+nov.%2C+including+the+genus+Segniliparus+gen.+nov.%2C+with+descriptions+of+Segniliparus+rotundus+sp.+nov.+and+Segniliparus+rugosus+sp.+nov.&rft.au=Butler%2C+W+R%3BFloyd%2C+M+M%3BBrown%2C+J+M%3BToney%3BDaneshvar%2C+MI%3BCooksey%2C+R+C%3BCarr%2C+J%3BSteigerwalt%2C+A+G%3BCharles%2C+N&rft.aulast=Butler&rft.aufirst=W&rft.date=2005-07-01&rft.volume=55&rft.issue=4&rft.spage=1615&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=International+Journal+of+Systematic+and+Evolutionary+Microbiology&rft.issn=14665026&rft_id=info:doi/10.1099%2Fijs.0.63465-0 LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Segniliparus rotundus; Segniliparus; Segniliparaceae; Segniliparus rugosus; Rhodococcus equi; New species; New families; New genera; rRNA 16S; Mycolic acids; Fatty acids; High-performance liquid chromatography; Evolution; Heat shock proteins; Cell walls; Phylogeny; Disease control; Polymerase chain reaction DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1099/ijs.0.63465-0 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Reduction in Fear of Falling Through Intense Tai Chi Exercise Training in Older, Transitionally Frail Adults AN - 17380739; 6461311 AB - Objectives: To determine whether an intense tai chi exercise program could reduce fear of falling better than a wellness education (WE) program in older adults who had fallen previously and meet criteria for transitioning to frailty. Design: Cluster-randomized, controlled trial of 48 weeks' duration. Setting: Ten matched pairs of congregate living facilities in the greater Atlanta area. Participants: Sample of 291 women and 20 men, aged 70 to 97. Measurements: Activity-related fear of falling using the Activities-Specific Balance Confidence Scale (ABC) and the Fall Efficacy Scale at baseline and every 4 months for 1 year. Demographics, time to first fall and all subsequent falls, functional measures, Centers for Epidemiologic Studies Depression Scale, medication use, level of physical activity, comorbidities, and adherence to interventions. Results: Mean ABC was similar in both cohort groups at the time of randomization but became significantly higher (decreased fear) in the tai chi cohort at 8 months (57.9 vs 49.0, P<.001) and at study end (59.2 vs 47.9, P<.001). After adjusting for covariates, the mean ABC after 12 months of intervention was significantly greater in the tai chi group than in the WE group, with the differences increasing with time (mean difference at 12 months=9.5 points, 95% confidence interval=4.8-14.2, P<.001). Conclusion: Tai chi led to a significantly greater reduction in fear of falling than a WE program in transitionally frail older adults. The mean percentage change in ABC scores widened between tai chi and WE participants over the trial period. Tai chi should be considered in any program designed to reduce falling and fear of falling in transitionally frail older adults. JF - Journal of the American Geriatrics Society AU - Sattin, Richard W AU - Easley, Kirk A AU - Wolf, Steven L AU - Chen, Ying AU - Kutner, Michael H AD - Division of Injury and Disability Outcomes and Programs, National Center for Injury Prevention and Control, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (F-41), 4770 Buford Highway, Atlanta, GA 30341, rsattin@cdc.gov Y1 - 2005/07// PY - 2005 DA - Jul 2005 SP - 1168 EP - 1178 PB - Blackwell Publishing Ltd., 9600 Garsington Road Oxford OX4 2DQ UK, [URL:http://www.blackwellpublishing.com] VL - 53 IS - 7 SN - 0002-8614, 0002-8614 KW - Physical Education Index KW - Confidence KW - Measurement KW - Tai chi KW - Depression KW - Fear KW - Men KW - Facilities KW - Women KW - Compliance KW - Gerontology KW - Medications KW - Falling KW - Adults KW - Exercise (programs) KW - Demographics KW - Education KW - Wellness KW - Geriatrics KW - Balance KW - Self efficacy KW - PE 030:Exercise, Health & Physical Fitness UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/17380739?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aphysicaleducation&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+the+American+Geriatrics+Society&rft.atitle=Reduction+in+Fear+of+Falling+Through+Intense+Tai+Chi+Exercise+Training+in+Older%2C+Transitionally+Frail+Adults&rft.au=Sattin%2C+Richard+W%3BEasley%2C+Kirk+A%3BWolf%2C+Steven+L%3BChen%2C+Ying%3BKutner%2C+Michael+H&rft.aulast=Sattin&rft.aufirst=Richard&rft.date=2005-07-01&rft.volume=53&rft.issue=7&rft.spage=1168&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+the+American+Geriatrics+Society&rft.issn=00028614&rft_id=info:doi/10.1111%2Fj.1532-5415.2005.53375.x LA - English DB - Physical Education Index N1 - Date revised - 2006-12-01 N1 - SuppNotes - Figures, 2; tables, 3; references, 50. N1 - Last updated - 2015-03-25 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Confidence; Measurement; Depression; Tai chi; Men; Fear; Facilities; Compliance; Women; Medications; Gerontology; Falling; Adults; Exercise (programs); Demographics; Education; Geriatrics; Wellness; Balance; Self efficacy DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1532-5415.2005.53375.x ER - TY - CPAPER T1 - How do Practice Characteristics Relate to Diabetes Treatment Patterns among Patients' Primary Care Providers? T2 - 2005 Annual Research Meeting of the AcademyHealth (ARM 2005) AN - 39789015; 3958498 JF - 2005 Annual Research Meeting of the AcademyHealth (ARM 2005) AU - Burt, Catharine AU - Sisk, Jane E Y1 - 2005/06/26/ PY - 2005 DA - 2005 Jun 26 KW - Diabetes mellitus KW - U 2000:Biological Sciences UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/39789015?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Acpi&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=conference&rft.jtitle=2005+Annual+Research+Meeting+of+the+AcademyHealth+%28ARM+2005%29&rft.atitle=How+do+Practice+Characteristics+Relate+to+Diabetes+Treatment+Patterns+among+Patients%27+Primary+Care+Providers%3F&rft.au=Burt%2C+Catharine%3BSisk%2C+Jane+E&rft.aulast=Burt&rft.aufirst=Catharine&rft.date=2005-06-26&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=2005+Annual+Research+Meeting+of+the+AcademyHealth+%28ARM+2005%29&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ L2 - http://www.academyhealth.org/2005/abstracts.htm LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2008-05-21 N1 - Last updated - 2010-05-03 ER - TY - CPAPER T1 - Practice-Based Electronic Billing Systems and their Impact on Immunization Registries T2 - 2005 Annual Research Meeting of the AcademyHealth (ARM 2005) AN - 39724774; 3959356 JF - 2005 Annual Research Meeting of the AcademyHealth (ARM 2005) AU - Kolasa, Maureen AU - Cherry, Janet AU - Chilkatowsky, Andrew AU - Reyes, David AU - Lutz, James Y1 - 2005/06/26/ PY - 2005 DA - 2005 Jun 26 KW - Immunization KW - U 2000:Biological Sciences UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/39724774?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Acpi&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=conference&rft.jtitle=2005+Annual+Research+Meeting+of+the+AcademyHealth+%28ARM+2005%29&rft.atitle=Practice-Based+Electronic+Billing+Systems+and+their+Impact+on+Immunization+Registries&rft.au=Kolasa%2C+Maureen%3BCherry%2C+Janet%3BChilkatowsky%2C+Andrew%3BReyes%2C+David%3BLutz%2C+James&rft.aulast=Kolasa&rft.aufirst=Maureen&rft.date=2005-06-26&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=2005+Annual+Research+Meeting+of+the+AcademyHealth+%28ARM+2005%29&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ L2 - http://www.academyhealth.org/2005/abstracts.htm LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2008-05-21 N1 - Last updated - 2010-05-03 ER - TY - CPAPER T1 - Enhancing Patient-Centered Communication Behaviors and other Outcomes: Do Physician and Patient Interventions make a Difference? T2 - 2005 Annual Research Meeting of the AcademyHealth (ARM 2005) AN - 39718216; 3959390 JF - 2005 Annual Research Meeting of the AcademyHealth (ARM 2005) AU - Rao, Jaya AU - Anderson, Lynda Y1 - 2005/06/26/ PY - 2005 DA - 2005 Jun 26 KW - Communication KW - U 2000:Biological Sciences UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/39718216?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Acpi&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=conference&rft.jtitle=2005+Annual+Research+Meeting+of+the+AcademyHealth+%28ARM+2005%29&rft.atitle=Enhancing+Patient-Centered+Communication+Behaviors+and+other+Outcomes%3A+Do+Physician+and+Patient+Interventions+make+a+Difference%3F&rft.au=Rao%2C+Jaya%3BAnderson%2C+Lynda&rft.aulast=Rao&rft.aufirst=Jaya&rft.date=2005-06-26&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=2005+Annual+Research+Meeting+of+the+AcademyHealth+%28ARM+2005%29&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ L2 - http://www.academyhealth.org/2005/abstracts.htm LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2008-05-21 N1 - Last updated - 2010-05-03 ER - TY - CPAPER T1 - Coverage of Asthma Care in Employer-Sponsored Health Insurance Plans T2 - 2005 Annual Research Meeting of the AcademyHealth (ARM 2005) AN - 39683734; 3959144 JF - 2005 Annual Research Meeting of the AcademyHealth (ARM 2005) AU - Scalia, Marissa AU - Williams, Seymour Y1 - 2005/06/26/ PY - 2005 DA - 2005 Jun 26 KW - Insurance KW - Asthma KW - Respiratory diseases KW - U 2000:Biological Sciences UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/39683734?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Acpi&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=conference&rft.jtitle=2005+Annual+Research+Meeting+of+the+AcademyHealth+%28ARM+2005%29&rft.atitle=Coverage+of+Asthma+Care+in+Employer-Sponsored+Health+Insurance+Plans&rft.au=Scalia%2C+Marissa%3BWilliams%2C+Seymour&rft.aulast=Scalia&rft.aufirst=Marissa&rft.date=2005-06-26&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=2005+Annual+Research+Meeting+of+the+AcademyHealth+%28ARM+2005%29&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ L2 - http://www.academyhealth.org/2005/abstracts.htm LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2008-05-21 N1 - Last updated - 2010-05-03 ER - TY - CPAPER T1 - Cervical Cancer Screening Practices in the United States Since the Release of National Guidelines on Genital Human Papillomavirus (HPV) Testing: Results from a Recent National Clinician Survey T2 - 2005 Annual Research Meeting of the AcademyHealth (ARM 2005) AN - 39677710; 3958714 JF - 2005 Annual Research Meeting of the AcademyHealth (ARM 2005) AU - Irwin, Kathleen Y1 - 2005/06/26/ PY - 2005 DA - 2005 Jun 26 KW - USA KW - Cervical cancer KW - Screening KW - Human papillomavirus KW - U 2000:Biological Sciences UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/39677710?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Acpi&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=conference&rft.jtitle=2005+Annual+Research+Meeting+of+the+AcademyHealth+%28ARM+2005%29&rft.atitle=Cervical+Cancer+Screening+Practices+in+the+United+States+Since+the+Release+of+National+Guidelines+on+Genital+Human+Papillomavirus+%28HPV%29+Testing%3A+Results+from+a+Recent+National+Clinician+Survey&rft.au=Ye%2C+X%3BKuklenyik%2C+Z%3BNeedham%2C+L+L%3BCalafat%2C+A+M&rft.aulast=Ye&rft.aufirst=X&rft.date=2005-10-01&rft.volume=383&rft.issue=4&rft.spage=638&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Analytical+and+Bioanalytical+Chemistry&rft.issn=16182642&rft_id=info:doi/10.1007%2Fs00216-005-0019-4 L2 - http://www.academyhealth.org/2005/abstracts.htm LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2008-05-21 N1 - Last updated - 2010-05-03 ER - TY - CPAPER T1 - National Data on the Characteristics of Rural Residents Hospitalized in Rural as Compared with Urban Hospitals T2 - 2005 Annual Research Meeting of the AcademyHealth (ARM 2005) AN - 39662870; 3958582 JF - 2005 Annual Research Meeting of the AcademyHealth (ARM 2005) AU - Owings, Maria AU - Hall, Margaret AU - Marsteller, Jill Y1 - 2005/06/26/ PY - 2005 DA - 2005 Jun 26 KW - Hospitals KW - U 2000:Biological Sciences UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/39662870?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Acpi&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=conference&rft.jtitle=2005+Annual+Research+Meeting+of+the+AcademyHealth+%28ARM+2005%29&rft.atitle=National+Data+on+the+Characteristics+of+Rural+Residents+Hospitalized+in+Rural+as+Compared+with+Urban+Hospitals&rft.au=Owings%2C+Maria%3BHall%2C+Margaret%3BMarsteller%2C+Jill&rft.aulast=Owings&rft.aufirst=Maria&rft.date=2005-06-26&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=2005+Annual+Research+Meeting+of+the+AcademyHealth+%28ARM+2005%29&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ L2 - http://www.academyhealth.org/2005/abstracts.htm LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2008-05-21 N1 - Last updated - 2010-05-03 ER - TY - CPAPER T1 - Heart Disease Risk Factors: Diagnosis Differences T2 - 2005 Annual Research Meeting of the AcademyHealth (ARM 2005) AN - 39602725; 3958656 JF - 2005 Annual Research Meeting of the AcademyHealth (ARM 2005) AU - Franco, Sheila Y1 - 2005/06/26/ PY - 2005 DA - 2005 Jun 26 KW - Heart diseases KW - Risk factors KW - U 2000:Biological Sciences UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/39602725?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Acpi&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=conference&rft.jtitle=2005+Annual+Research+Meeting+of+the+AcademyHealth+%28ARM+2005%29&rft.atitle=Heart+Disease+Risk+Factors%3A+Diagnosis+Differences&rft.au=Franco%2C+Sheila&rft.aulast=Franco&rft.aufirst=Sheila&rft.date=2005-06-26&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=2005+Annual+Research+Meeting+of+the+AcademyHealth+%28ARM+2005%29&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ L2 - http://www.academyhealth.org/2005/abstracts.htm LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2008-05-21 N1 - Last updated - 2010-05-03 ER - TY - CPAPER T1 - Emergency Department use by the Elderly Living in Nursing Homes T2 - 2005 Annual Research Meeting of the AcademyHealth (ARM 2005) AN - 39601763; 3958846 JF - 2005 Annual Research Meeting of the AcademyHealth (ARM 2005) AU - Hing, Esther AU - RobinRemsburg Y1 - 2005/06/26/ PY - 2005 DA - 2005 Jun 26 KW - Elderly KW - Nursing KW - Geriatrics KW - Emergencies KW - U 2000:Biological Sciences UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/39601763?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Acpi&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=conference&rft.jtitle=2005+Annual+Research+Meeting+of+the+AcademyHealth+%28ARM+2005%29&rft.atitle=Emergency+Department+use+by+the+Elderly+Living+in+Nursing+Homes&rft.au=Hing%2C+Esther%3BRobinRemsburg&rft.aulast=Hing&rft.aufirst=Esther&rft.date=2005-06-26&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=2005+Annual+Research+Meeting+of+the+AcademyHealth+%28ARM+2005%29&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ L2 - http://www.academyhealth.org/2005/abstracts.htm LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2008-05-21 N1 - Last updated - 2010-05-03 ER - TY - CPAPER T1 - Evaluation of Physician Compliance with Pneumococcal Conjugate Vaccine Shortage Recommendations within a Managed Care Organization in 2004 T2 - 2005 Annual Research Meeting of the AcademyHealth (ARM 2005) AN - 39598890; 3959357 JF - 2005 Annual Research Meeting of the AcademyHealth (ARM 2005) AU - Kolasa, Maureen S AU - Tannenbaum, Stephen M Y1 - 2005/06/26/ PY - 2005 DA - 2005 Jun 26 KW - Compliance KW - Disease control KW - Vaccines KW - U 2000:Biological Sciences UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/39598890?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Acpi&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=conference&rft.jtitle=2005+Annual+Research+Meeting+of+the+AcademyHealth+%28ARM+2005%29&rft.atitle=Evaluation+of+Physician+Compliance+with+Pneumococcal+Conjugate+Vaccine+Shortage+Recommendations+within+a+Managed+Care+Organization+in+2004&rft.au=Kolasa%2C+Maureen+S%3BTannenbaum%2C+Stephen+M&rft.aulast=Kolasa&rft.aufirst=Maureen&rft.date=2005-06-26&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=2005+Annual+Research+Meeting+of+the+AcademyHealth+%28ARM+2005%29&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ L2 - http://www.academyhealth.org/2005/abstracts.htm LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2008-05-21 N1 - Last updated - 2010-05-03 ER - TY - CPAPER T1 - Direct Medical Costs of Autism in a Privately Insured Population 2002 T2 - 2005 Annual Research Meeting of the AcademyHealth (ARM 2005) AN - 39598778; 3958455 JF - 2005 Annual Research Meeting of the AcademyHealth (ARM 2005) AU - Grosse, Scott D AU - Shimabukuro, Tom T Y1 - 2005/06/26/ PY - 2005 DA - 2005 Jun 26 KW - Autism KW - U 2000:Biological Sciences UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/39598778?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Acpi&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=conference&rft.jtitle=2005+Annual+Research+Meeting+of+the+AcademyHealth+%28ARM+2005%29&rft.atitle=Direct+Medical+Costs+of+Autism+in+a+Privately+Insured+Population+2002&rft.au=Grosse%2C+Scott+D%3BShimabukuro%2C+Tom+T&rft.aulast=Grosse&rft.aufirst=Scott&rft.date=2005-06-26&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=2005+Annual+Research+Meeting+of+the+AcademyHealth+%28ARM+2005%29&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ L2 - http://www.academyhealth.org/2005/abstracts.htm LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2008-05-21 N1 - Last updated - 2010-05-03 ER - TY - CPAPER T1 - Exploring Racial Differences in Infectious Disease Mortality Risk in the United States T2 - 2005 Annual Research Meeting of the AcademyHealth (ARM 2005) AN - 39592407; 3959393 JF - 2005 Annual Research Meeting of the AcademyHealth (ARM 2005) AU - Roy, Kakoli Y1 - 2005/06/26/ PY - 2005 DA - 2005 Jun 26 KW - USA KW - Infectious diseases KW - Mortality KW - U 2000:Biological Sciences UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/39592407?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Acpi&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=conference&rft.jtitle=2005+Annual+Research+Meeting+of+the+AcademyHealth+%28ARM+2005%29&rft.atitle=Exploring+Racial+Differences+in+Infectious+Disease+Mortality+Risk+in+the+United+States&rft.au=Roy%2C+Kakoli&rft.aulast=Roy&rft.aufirst=Kakoli&rft.date=2005-06-26&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=2005+Annual+Research+Meeting+of+the+AcademyHealth+%28ARM+2005%29&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ L2 - http://www.academyhealth.org/2005/abstracts.htm LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2008-05-21 N1 - Last updated - 2010-05-03 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Lead exposure from indoor firing ranges among students on shooting teams--Alaska, 2002-2004. AN - 67941239; 15959452 AB - CDC recognizes blood lead levels (BLLs) of >/=25 microg/dL in adults and >/=10 microg/dL in children aged 0.70) between assay responses when the assays were performed individually or multiplexed. When the observed versus expected interpolated concentrations were compared, highly linear relationships were observed (r2 values from 0.981 to 0.999, P < 0.001). Minimum detectable concentrations (MDC) ranged from 0.3 ng mL(-1) (Y. pestis F1) to 300 ng mL(-1) (RT). Finally, the curves showed responses were linear for most analytes from their MDC to 125 (SEB) to 1,300 (Y. pestis F1) x their MDC. These data indicate that multiplexed FCMIA is a sensitive and accurate method for simultaneous measurement of specific IgG in serum to CDC select agents and may be of value in screening either decontamination workers or the general population for exposure to/infection with these agents. JF - Analytical and bioanalytical chemistry AU - Biagini, R E AU - Sammons, D L AU - Smith, J P AU - MacKenzie, B A AU - Striley, C A F AU - Robertson, S A AU - Snawder, J E AU - Quinn, C P AD - Biomonitoring and Health Assessment Branch, Division of Applied Research and Technology, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, 4676 Columbia Parkway, Cincinnati, OH 45226, USA. reb4@cdc.gov Y1 - 2005/06// PY - 2005 DA - June 2005 SP - 1027 EP - 1034 VL - 382 IS - 4 SN - 1618-2642, 1618-2642 KW - Antibodies, Bacterial KW - 0 KW - Antigens, Bacterial KW - Enterotoxins KW - Immunoglobulin G KW - enterotoxin B, staphylococcal KW - 39424-53-8 KW - Ricin KW - 9009-86-3 KW - Index Medicus KW - Sensitivity and Specificity KW - Antigen-Antibody Reactions KW - Animals KW - Antibodies, Bacterial -- analysis KW - Reproducibility of Results KW - Humans KW - Antigens, Bacterial -- analysis KW - Antibodies, Bacterial -- immunology KW - Antigens, Bacterial -- immunology KW - Microspheres KW - Fluoroimmunoassay -- methods KW - Enterotoxins -- immunology KW - Immunoglobulin G -- analysis KW - Ricin -- immunology KW - Immunoglobulin G -- immunology KW - Bacillus anthracis -- immunology KW - Francisella tularensis -- immunology KW - Yersinia pestis -- immunology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/67971793?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Analytical+and+bioanalytical+chemistry&rft.atitle=Simultaneous+measurement+of+specific+serum+IgG+responses+to+five+select+agents.&rft.au=Biagini%2C+R+E%3BSammons%2C+D+L%3BSmith%2C+J+P%3BMacKenzie%2C+B+A%3BStriley%2C+C+A+F%3BRobertson%2C+S+A%3BSnawder%2C+J+E%3BQuinn%2C+C+P&rft.aulast=Biagini&rft.aufirst=R&rft.date=2005-06-01&rft.volume=382&rft.issue=4&rft.spage=1027&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Analytical+and+bioanalytical+chemistry&rft.issn=16182642&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 2007-01-09 N1 - Date created - 2005-06-27 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Structure-activity models for contact sensitization. AN - 67944105; 15962930 AB - Allergic contact dermatitis (ACD) is a widespread cause of workers' disabilities. Although some substances found in the workplace are rigorously tested, the potential of the vast majority of chemicals to cause skin sensitization remains unknown. At the same time, exhaustive testing of all chemicals in workplaces is costly and raises ethical concerns. New approaches to developing information for risk assessment based on computational (quantitative) structure-activity relationship [(Q)SAR] methods may be complementary to and reduce the need for animal testing. Virtually any number of existing, de novo, and even preconceived compounds can be screened in silico at a fraction of the cost of animal testing. This work investigates the utility of ACD (Q)SAR modeling from the occupational health perspective using two leading software products, DEREK for Windows and TOPKAT, and an original method based on logistic regression methodology. It is found that the correct classification of (Q)SAR predictions for guinea pig data achieves values of 73.3, 82.9, and 87.6% for TOPKAT, DEREK for Windows, and the logistic regression model, respectively. The correct classification using LLNA data equals 73.0 and 83.2% for DEREK for Windows and the logistic regression model, respectively. JF - Chemical research in toxicology AU - Fedorowicz, Adam AU - Singh, Harshinder AU - Soderholm, Sidney AU - Demchuk, Eugene AD - National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, Morgantown, WV 26505-2888, USA. ajf4@cdc.gov Y1 - 2005/06// PY - 2005 DA - June 2005 SP - 954 EP - 969 VL - 18 IS - 6 SN - 0893-228X, 0893-228X KW - Allergens KW - 0 KW - Index Medicus KW - Animals KW - Logistic Models KW - Guinea Pigs KW - Humans KW - Disease Models, Animal KW - Allergens -- chemistry KW - Quantitative Structure-Activity Relationship KW - Dermatitis, Occupational -- etiology KW - Dermatitis, Allergic Contact -- etiology KW - Allergens -- toxicity KW - Models, Chemical KW - Allergens -- classification UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/67944105?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Chemical+research+in+toxicology&rft.atitle=Structure-activity+models+for+contact+sensitization.&rft.au=Fedorowicz%2C+Adam%3BSingh%2C+Harshinder%3BSoderholm%2C+Sidney%3BDemchuk%2C+Eugene&rft.aulast=Fedorowicz&rft.aufirst=Adam&rft.date=2005-06-01&rft.volume=18&rft.issue=6&rft.spage=954&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Chemical+research+in+toxicology&rft.issn=0893228X&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 2005-09-26 N1 - Date created - 2005-06-20 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Secondary contamination of emergency department personnel from o-chlorobenzylidene malononitrile exposure, 2002. AN - 67902221; 15940103 AB - In a hazardous materials event in 2002, the unannounced presentation of 3 symptomatic, contaminated patients to an emergency department (ED) resulted in secondary contamination of 2 ED personnel who experienced skin, eye, and respiratory irritation. The material that caused these injuries was o-chlorobenzylidene malononitrile, a white powder with a peppery odor used largely as a tear gas and riot-control agent. Secondary contamination can cause adverse symptoms and injuries in ED personnel, further contaminate the ED, and potentially lead to costly ED closures and evacuations. To prevent secondary exposure, EDs can educate their staff about the potential for secondary contamination, implement a team approach for handling contaminated patients, establish decontamination protocols, ensure proper selection of and training in the use of personal protective equipment, and simulate drills for receiving contaminated patients. JF - Annals of emergency medicine AU - Horton, D Kevin AU - Burgess, Paula AU - Rossiter, Shannon AU - Kaye, Wendy E AD - Division of Health Studies, Epidemiology and Surveillance Branch, Agency for Toxic Substances and Disease Registry, Atlanta, GA 30333, USA. dhorton@cdc.gov Y1 - 2005/06// PY - 2005 DA - June 2005 SP - 655 EP - 658 VL - 45 IS - 6 KW - Hazardous Substances KW - 0 KW - o-Chlorobenzylidenemalonitrile KW - 2698-41-1 KW - Abridged Index Medicus KW - Index Medicus KW - United States KW - Humans KW - Male KW - Female KW - Decontamination -- methods KW - Allied Health Personnel KW - Occupational Exposure -- prevention & control KW - Terrorism KW - Emergency Medical Services -- methods KW - Emergency Medical Services -- manpower KW - o-Chlorobenzylidenemalonitrile -- toxicity KW - Occupational Diseases -- chemically induced KW - Hazardous Substances -- toxicity UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/67902221?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Annals+of+emergency+medicine&rft.atitle=Secondary+contamination+of+emergency+department+personnel+from+o-chlorobenzylidene+malononitrile+exposure%2C+2002.&rft.au=Horton%2C+D+Kevin%3BBurgess%2C+Paula%3BRossiter%2C+Shannon%3BKaye%2C+Wendy+E&rft.aulast=Horton&rft.aufirst=D&rft.date=2005-06-01&rft.volume=45&rft.issue=6&rft.spage=655&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Annals+of+emergency+medicine&rft.issn=1097-6760&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 2006-05-18 N1 - Date created - 2005-06-07 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Development and evaluation of a broadly reactive TaqMan assay for rapid detection of hepatitis A virus. AN - 67899712; 15933042 AB - Primers and a TaqMan probe for the 5'-untranslated region (UTR) of the hepatitis A virus (HAV) genome were designed and evaluated. The assay detected 0.5 infectious units of HAV and 40 copies of a synthetic transcript and provides an important screening tool for rapid quantitative HAV detection in clinical or environmental samples. JF - Applied and environmental microbiology AU - Jothikumar, N AU - Cromeans, T L AU - Sobsey, M D AU - Robertson, B H AD - Department of Environmental Sciences and Engineering, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, 27599-7431, USA. JIN2@cdc.gov Y1 - 2005/06// PY - 2005 DA - June 2005 SP - 3359 EP - 3363 VL - 71 IS - 6 SN - 0099-2240, 0099-2240 KW - 5' Untranslated Regions KW - 0 KW - DNA Primers KW - RNA, Viral KW - Taq Polymerase KW - EC 2.7.7.- KW - Index Medicus KW - Sensitivity and Specificity KW - Humans KW - Epidemiological Monitoring KW - RNA, Viral -- isolation & purification KW - Disease Outbreaks KW - Time Factors KW - Environmental Monitoring -- methods KW - RNA, Viral -- analysis KW - Hepatitis A -- diagnosis KW - 5' Untranslated Regions -- genetics KW - Hepatitis A -- virology KW - Hepatitis A virus -- genetics KW - Hepatitis A virus -- isolation & purification KW - Hepatitis A -- epidemiology KW - Taq Polymerase -- metabolism KW - Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction -- methods KW - Hepatitis A virus -- classification UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/67899712?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Applied+and+environmental+microbiology&rft.atitle=Development+and+evaluation+of+a+broadly+reactive+TaqMan+assay+for+rapid+detection+of+hepatitis+A+virus.&rft.au=Jothikumar%2C+N%3BCromeans%2C+T+L%3BSobsey%2C+M+D%3BRobertson%2C+B+H&rft.aulast=Jothikumar&rft.aufirst=N&rft.date=2005-06-01&rft.volume=71&rft.issue=6&rft.spage=3359&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Applied+and+environmental+microbiology&rft.issn=00992240&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 2005-08-11 N1 - Date created - 2005-06-03 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - SuppNotes - Cited By: Am J Trop Med Hyg. 1999 Nov;61(5):825-9 [10586919] N Engl J Med. 1999 Feb 25;340(8):595-602 [10029643] Vaccine. 2000 Feb 18;18 Suppl 1:S65-7 [10683552] J Infect Dis. 2000 Jul;182(1):12-7 [10882576] J Med Virol. 2000 Oct;62(2):144-50 [11002242] J Infect Dis. 2001 Apr 15;183(8):1273-6 [11262211] J Viral Hepat. 2001 Jul;8(4):233-42 [11454173] J Gen Virol. 2002 Jan;83(Pt 1):53-60 [11752700] J Viral Hepat. 2002 Mar;9(2):101-6 [11876791] Hepatology. 2003 Sep;38(3):613-8 [12939587] J Gen Virol. 2003 Dec;84(Pt 12):3191-201 [14645901] Clin Infect Dis. 2004 Mar 1;38(5):705-15 [14986256] J Gen Virol. 2004 Oct;85(Pt 10):2943-52 [15448357] J Clin Microbiol. 1982 Nov;16(5):957-8 [6296198] Virology. 1988 Apr;163(2):299-307 [2833008] J Gen Virol. 1989 Aug;70 ( Pt 8):2051-62 [2549182] Am J Public Health. 1990 Sep;80(9):1075-9 [2382744] J Gen Virol. 1991 Jul;72 ( Pt 7):1677-83 [1649901] J Gen Virol. 1991 Jul;72 ( Pt 7):1685-9 [1649902] Am J Public Health. 1991 Oct;81(10):1268-72 [1928524] J Infect Dis. 1991 Nov;164(5):852-9 [1658157] J Med Virol. 1992 Feb;36(2):118-24 [1316423] J Gen Virol. 1992 Jun;73 ( Pt 6):1365-77 [1318940] J Infect Dis. 1992 Sep;166(3):518-24 [1323618] J Hepatol. 1993;18 Suppl 2:S11-4 [8182265] Appl Environ Microbiol. 1994 Jun;60(6):1927-33 [8031088] J Infect Dis. 1999 Jan;179(1):37-43 [9841820] Vaccine. 2000 Feb 18;18 Suppl 1:S61-4 [10683551] N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Lack of association between antioxidant gene polymorphisms and progressive massive fibrosis in coal miners. AN - 67884056; 15923250 AB - Oxidative stress plays a major role in the pathogenesis of interstitial lung diseases. The antioxidant enzymes glutathione S-transferases (GST) and manganese superoxide dismutase (MnSOD) are important components of lung defence against oxidative stress, and polymorphisms in the genes which regulate their expression may represent important disease modifiers. A matched case-control study was conducted to determine the influence of the GSTP1, GSTT1 and MnSOD polymorphisms on susceptibility to progressive massive fibrosis (PMF). Seven hundred ex-coal miners were included in the study; 350 were classified as PMF cases while 350 with a similar underground mining tenure but no clinical or histological evidence of lung disease served as controls. Genotype analysis was performed on genomic DNA, using a 5' nuclease PCR assay. None of the individual investigated polymorphisms and two-way gene-gene interactions had a statistically significant association with PMF. The results of this study suggest that polymorphic genotypes within the GST gene cluster and MnSOD do not affect individual susceptibility to PMF. JF - Thorax AU - Yucesoy, B AU - Johnson, V J AU - Kashon, M L AU - Fluharty, K AU - Vallyathan, V AU - Luster, M I AD - Toxicology and Molecular Biology Branch, Health Effects Laboratory Division, National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, 1095 Willowdale Road, West Virginia 26505-2888, USA. yab7@cdc.gov Y1 - 2005/06// PY - 2005 DA - June 2005 SP - 492 EP - 495 VL - 60 IS - 6 SN - 0040-6376, 0040-6376 KW - Antioxidants KW - 0 KW - Isoenzymes KW - Superoxide Dismutase KW - EC 1.15.1.1 KW - glutathione S-transferase T1 KW - EC 2.5.1.- KW - GSTP1 protein, human KW - EC 2.5.1.18 KW - Glutathione S-Transferase pi KW - Glutathione Transferase KW - Index Medicus KW - Gene Frequency KW - Genetic Predisposition to Disease -- genetics KW - Humans KW - Polymerase Chain Reaction -- methods KW - Case-Control Studies KW - Mutation -- genetics KW - Aged KW - Pneumoconiosis -- genetics KW - Polymorphism, Genetic -- genetics KW - Superoxide Dismutase -- genetics KW - Glutathione Transferase -- genetics KW - Coal Mining KW - Isoenzymes -- genetics UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/67884056?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Thorax&rft.atitle=Lack+of+association+between+antioxidant+gene+polymorphisms+and+progressive+massive+fibrosis+in+coal+miners.&rft.au=Yucesoy%2C+B%3BJohnson%2C+V+J%3BKashon%2C+M+L%3BFluharty%2C+K%3BVallyathan%2C+V%3BLuster%2C+M+I&rft.aulast=Yucesoy&rft.aufirst=B&rft.date=2005-06-01&rft.volume=60&rft.issue=6&rft.spage=492&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Thorax&rft.issn=00406376&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 2005-06-27 N1 - Date created - 2005-05-30 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - SuppNotes - Cited By: Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev. 2000 Apr;9(4):449-54 [10794492] Science. 2005 Jan 14;307(5707):223-7 [15591164] Am J Respir Crit Care Med. 2000 Sep;162(3 Pt 1):958-65 [10988113] Eur J Pharmacol. 2001 Oct 19;429(1-3):195-207 [11698041] J Natl Cancer Inst. 2001 Dec 5;93(23):1818-21 [11734599] Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev. 2001 Dec;10(12):1239-48 [11751440] Cancer Lett. 2002 Apr 8;178(1):71-4 [11849743] J Occup Environ Med. 2002 Apr;44(4):372-7 [11977425] Am J Respir Crit Care Med. 2002 Aug 1;166(3):323-8 [12153964] Monaldi Arch Chest Dis. 2002 Jun-Aug;57(3-4):173-6 [12619377] Am J Respir Crit Care Med. 2003 Jun 15;167(12):1600-19 [12796054] Carcinogenesis. 1986 May;7(5):751-3 [3698203] Am Rev Respir Dis. 1990 Jan;141(1):129-33 [2153352] Biochem J. 1994 May 15;300 ( Pt 1):271-6 [8198545] Free Radic Biol Med. 1994 Mar;16(3):315-22 [8063194] Biochem Biophys Res Commun. 1996 Sep 13;226(2):561-5 [8806673] J Biol Chem. 1997 Apr 11;272(15):10004-12 [9092542] Carcinogenesis. 1997 Apr;18(4):641-4 [9111193] J Neurosci Methods. 1998 Apr 30;80(2):209-14 [9667394] Int J Cancer. 1998 Aug 12;77(4):516-21 [9679751] Occup Environ Med. 1998 Aug;55(8):533-40 [9849540] Cancer Res. 1999 Feb 1;59(3):586-9 [9973204] Ann Occup Hyg. 1999 Jan;43(1):7-33 [10028891] Thorax. 1999 Aug;54(8):693-6 [10413721] Biochem Biophys Res Commun. 1999 Aug 2;261(2):332-9 [10425186] Respirology. 2004 Nov;9(4):493-8 [15612961] Pharmacology. 2000 Sep;61(3):154-66 [10971201] N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Risk of lung cancer and leukemia from exposure to ionizing radiation and potential confounders among workers at the Portsmouth Naval Shipyard. AN - 67867240; 15913392 AB - Significantly elevated lung cancer deaths and statistically significantly positive linear trends between leukemia mortality and radiation exposure were reported in a previous analysis of Portsmouth Naval Shipyard workers. The purpose of this study was to conduct a modeling-based analysis that incorporates previously unanalyzed confounders in exploring the exposure-response relationship between cumulative external ionizing radiation exposure and mortality from these cancers among radiation-monitored workers in this cohort. The main analyses were carried out with Poisson regression fitted with maximum likelihood in linear excess relative risk models. Sensitivity analyses varying model components and using other regression models were conducted. The positive association between lung cancer risk and ionizing radiation observed previously was no longer present after adjusting for socioeconomic status (smoking surrogate) and welding fume and asbestos exposures. Excesses of leukemia were found to be positively, though not significantly, associated with external ionizing radiation, with or without including potential confounders. The estimated excess relative risk was 10.88% (95% CI -0.90%, 38.77%) per 10 mSv of radiation exposure, which was within the ranges of risk estimates in previous epidemiological studies (-4.1 to 19.0%). These results are limited by many factors and are subject to uncertainties of the exposure and confounder estimates. JF - Radiation research AU - Yiin, James H AU - Schubauer-Berigan, Mary K AU - Silver, Sharon R AU - Daniels, Robert D AU - Kinnes, Gregory M AU - Zaebst, Dennis D AU - Couch, James R AU - Kubale, Travis L AU - Chen, Pi-Hsueh AD - Division of Surveillance, Hazard Evaluations, and Field Studies, National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, Cincinnati, Ohio 45226, USA. JYiin@cdc.gov Y1 - 2005/06// PY - 2005 DA - June 2005 SP - 603 EP - 613 VL - 163 IS - 6 SN - 0033-7587, 0033-7587 KW - Index Medicus KW - Space life sciences KW - Ships KW - Radiation Dosage KW - New Hampshire -- epidemiology KW - Body Burden KW - Humans KW - Aged KW - Smoking -- epidemiology KW - Comorbidity KW - Age Distribution KW - Relative Biological Effectiveness KW - Aged, 80 and over KW - Risk Factors KW - Adult KW - Cohort Studies KW - Confounding Factors (Epidemiology) KW - Middle Aged KW - Sex Distribution KW - Female KW - Male KW - Radiation, Ionizing KW - Proportional Hazards Models KW - Prevalence KW - Occupational Exposure -- statistics & numerical data KW - Radiation Protection -- methods KW - Radiation Monitoring -- methods KW - Leukemia, Radiation-Induced -- mortality KW - Neoplasms, Radiation-Induced -- mortality KW - Lung Neoplasms -- mortality KW - Risk Assessment -- methods UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/67867240?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Radiation+research&rft.atitle=Risk+of+lung+cancer+and+leukemia+from+exposure+to+ionizing+radiation+and+potential+confounders+among+workers+at+the+Portsmouth+Naval+Shipyard.&rft.au=Yiin%2C+James+H%3BSchubauer-Berigan%2C+Mary+K%3BSilver%2C+Sharon+R%3BDaniels%2C+Robert+D%3BKinnes%2C+Gregory+M%3BZaebst%2C+Dennis+D%3BCouch%2C+James+R%3BKubale%2C+Travis+L%3BChen%2C+Pi-Hsueh&rft.aulast=Yiin&rft.aufirst=James&rft.date=2005-06-01&rft.volume=163&rft.issue=6&rft.spage=603&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Radiation+research&rft.issn=00337587&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 2005-08-11 N1 - Date created - 2005-05-25 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Long-term consequences of childhood sexual abuse by gender of victim. AN - 67825818; 15894146 AB - Childhood sexual abuse (CSA) is a worldwide problem. Although most studies on the long-term consequences of CSA have focused on women, sexual abuse of both boys and girls is common. Thus, a comparison of the long-term effects of CSA by gender of the victim will provide perspective on the need for future research, prevention activities, and treatment of survivors. A retrospective cohort study was conducted from 1995 to 1997 among 17,337 adult HMO members in San Diego, California. Participants completed a survey about abuse or household dysfunction during childhood, and multiple other health-related issues. Multivariate logistic regression was used to examine the relationships between severity of CSA (intercourse vs no intercourse) and long-term health and social problems (substance use and abuse, mental illness, and current problems with marriage and family) by gender of victim. Models controlled for exposure to other forms of adverse childhood experiences that co-occur with CSA. Among men, the relationship between the gender of the CSA perpetrator to the outcomes was also examined. Contact CSA was reported by 16% of males and 25% of females. Men reported female perpetration of CSA nearly 40% of the time, and women reported female perpetration of CSA 6% of the time. CSA significantly increased the risk of the outcomes. The magnitude of the increase was similar for men and women. For example, compared to reporting no sexual abuse, a history of suicide attempt was more than twice as likely among both men and women who experienced CSA (p<0.05). Compared with those who did not report CSA, men and women exposed to CSA were at a 40% increased risk of marrying an alcoholic, and a 40% to 50% increased risk of reporting current problems with their marriage (p<0.05). In this cohort of adult HMO members, experiencing CSA was common among both men and women. The long-term impact of CSA on multiple health and social problems was similar for both men and women. These findings strongly indicate that boys and girls are vulnerable to this form of childhood maltreatment; the similarity in the likelihood for multiple behavioral, mental, and social outcomes among men and women suggests the need to identify and treat all adults affected by CSA. JF - American journal of preventive medicine AU - Dube, Shanta R AU - Anda, Robert F AU - Whitfield, Charles L AU - Brown, David W AU - Felitti, Vincent J AU - Dong, Maxia AU - Giles, Wayne H AD - National Center for Chronic Disease Prevention and Health Promotion, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia 30341-3724, USA. Y1 - 2005/06// PY - 2005 DA - June 2005 SP - 430 EP - 438 VL - 28 IS - 5 SN - 0749-3797, 0749-3797 KW - Index Medicus KW - Sex Factors KW - Suicide, Attempted -- statistics & numerical data KW - Humans KW - Adult KW - Retrospective Studies KW - Middle Aged KW - Child KW - Male KW - Female KW - Prevalence KW - Alcoholism -- etiology KW - Depression -- etiology KW - Substance-Related Disorders -- etiology KW - Child Abuse, Sexual -- statistics & numerical data KW - Mental Health -- statistics & numerical data KW - Child Abuse, Sexual -- classification UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/67825818?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=American+journal+of+preventive+medicine&rft.atitle=Long-term+consequences+of+childhood+sexual+abuse+by+gender+of+victim.&rft.au=Dube%2C+Shanta+R%3BAnda%2C+Robert+F%3BWhitfield%2C+Charles+L%3BBrown%2C+David+W%3BFelitti%2C+Vincent+J%3BDong%2C+Maxia%3BGiles%2C+Wayne+H&rft.aulast=Dube&rft.aufirst=Shanta&rft.date=2005-06-01&rft.volume=28&rft.issue=5&rft.spage=430&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=American+journal+of+preventive+medicine&rft.issn=07493797&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 2005-09-08 N1 - Date created - 2005-05-16 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Crustaceous lichens sensitive monitor of caesium-137 radiation level in terrestrial environment AN - 50071106; 2010-023900 AB - The activity of caesium-137 (Bq/kg) in crustaceous lichens and other samples was determined in order to prove the feasibility of using these lichens as a sensitive biological monitor for recording caesium-137 (Bq/kg) radiation levels in the terrestrial environment. The measurements were performed with a GEM series HPGe (high-purity germanium) coaxial detector system (ADCAM-100) made by EC & GORTEC Company in the USA. It was found that the activity of caesium-137 (Bq/kg) in crustaceous lichens was one order of magnitude higher than that found in surface soil, and was over three orders of magnitude higher than those found in familiar biological samples. These results prove that crustaceous lichens may be one of the most sensitive biological monitors for the remote transmission and environmental radiation levels of caesium-137. JF - Chinese Journal of Polar Science AU - Du, Chungguang AU - Zhao, Ye AU - Zhang, Jing AU - Xu, Cuihua Y1 - 2005/06// PY - 2005 DA - June 2005 SP - 51 EP - 54 PB - Science Press, Beijing VL - 16 IS - 1 SN - 1007-7065, 1007-7065 KW - terrestrial environment KW - radioactive isotopes KW - monitoring KW - Antarctica KW - Cs-137 KW - cesium KW - lichens KW - isotopes KW - metals KW - alkali metals KW - samples KW - 02D:Isotope geochemistry UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/50071106?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Ageorefmodule&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Chinese+Journal+of+Polar+Science&rft.atitle=Crustaceous+lichens+sensitive+monitor+of+caesium-137+radiation+level+in+terrestrial+environment&rft.au=Du%2C+Chungguang%3BZhao%2C+Ye%3BZhang%2C+Jing%3BXu%2C+Cuihua&rft.aulast=Du&rft.aufirst=Chungguang&rft.date=2005-06-01&rft.volume=16&rft.issue=1&rft.spage=51&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Chinese+Journal+of+Polar+Science&rft.issn=10077065&rft_id=info:doi/ L2 - http://journal.polar.gov.cn/EN/column/column79.shtml LA - English DB - GeoRef N1 - Copyright - GeoRef, Copyright 2012, American Geosciences Institute. N1 - Date revised - 2010-01-01 N1 - Number of references - 10 N1 - Document feature - 1 table N1 - Last updated - 2012-06-07 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - alkali metals; Antarctica; cesium; Cs-137; isotopes; lichens; metals; monitoring; radioactive isotopes; samples; terrestrial environment ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Non-Work-Related Finger Amputations in the United States, 2001-2002 AN - 19783668; 7292339 AB - Study objective We characterize non-work-related finger amputations treated in US hospital emergency departments (EDs) and discuss implications for injury-prevention programs. Methods Finger amputation data from 2001 and 2002 were obtained from the National Electronic Injury Surveillance System All Injury Program (a nationally representative sample of 66 US hospital EDs). National estimates are based on weighted data for 948 cases for finger amputations (including partial and complete) that occurred during non-work-related activities (ie, nonoccupational) activities. Results An estimate of 30,673 (95% confidence interval [CI] 24,877 to 36,469) persons with non-work-related amputations were treated in US hospital EDs annually. Of these persons, 27,886 (90.9%; 95% CI 22,707 to 33,065) had amputations involving 1 or more fingers; 19.1% were hospitalized or transferred for specialized trauma care. Male patients were treated for finger amputations at 3 times the rate of female patients. The rate of persons treated for finger amputations was highest for children younger than 5 years (18.8 per 100,000 population; 95% CI 12.3 to 25.2 per 100,000 population), followed by adults aged 55 to 64 years (14.9 per 100,000 population; 95% CI 9.6 to 20.1 per 100,000 population). For children aged 4 years and younger, 72.9% were injured in incidents involving doors, and for adults aged 55 years or older, 47.2% were injured in incidents involving power tools. Conclusion National estimates of finger amputations among US residents indicate that young children and older adults are at greatest risk. Parents or other responsible adults should be aware of the risk of small children's fingers around doorways, and adults should take safety precautions when using power tools. JF - Annals of Emergency Medicine AU - Conn, J M AU - Annest, J L AU - Ryan, G W AU - Budnitz, D S AD - Office of Statistics and Programming, National Center for Injury Prevention and Control, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Mailstop-K-59, 4770 Buford Highway, Atlanta, GA 30341, USA Y1 - 2005/06// PY - 2005 DA - Jun 2005 SP - 630 EP - 635 VL - 45 IS - 6 SN - 0196-0644, 0196-0644 KW - finger amputation KW - Risk Abstracts; Health & Safety Science Abstracts KW - USA KW - Injuries KW - Machinery KW - Hand KW - Children KW - Emergency medical services KW - Hand tools KW - H 11000:Diseases/Injuries/Trauma KW - R2 23060:Medical and environmental health UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/19783668?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Ariskabstracts&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Annals+of+Emergency+Medicine&rft.atitle=Non-Work-Related+Finger+Amputations+in+the+United+States%2C+2001-2002&rft.au=Conn%2C+J+M%3BAnnest%2C+J+L%3BRyan%2C+G+W%3BBudnitz%2C+D+S&rft.aulast=Conn&rft.aufirst=J&rft.date=2005-06-01&rft.volume=45&rft.issue=6&rft.spage=630&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Annals+of+Emergency+Medicine&rft.issn=01960644&rft_id=info:doi/10.1016%2Fj.annemergmed.2004.10.012 LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2007-04-01 N1 - Last updated - 2015-04-01 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Injuries; Machinery; Hand; Children; Hand tools; Emergency medical services; USA DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.annemergmed.2004.10.012 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Associations of Body Mass Index and Perceived Weight With Suicide Ideation and Suicide Attempts Among US High School Students AN - 19415513; 6416964 AB - BACKGROUND: Previous research with adolescents has shown associations of body weight and perceptions of body size with suicide ideation and suicide attempts, but it is unclear whether these associations are direct or whether a mediating effect exists. OBJECTIVES: To determine if body mass index and perceived weight are associated significantly with suicide ideation and suicide attempts, controlling for weight control practices, and if perceived weight mediates the associations of body mass index with suicide ideation and suicide attempts. Design, Setting, and Participants Data were analyzed from the 2001 Youth Risk Behavior Survey, a school-based survey administered to a nationally representative sample of students in grades 9 through 12 (N = 13 601). MAIN OUTCOME MEASURE: Self-reported past-year suicide ideation and suicide attempts, compared by perceived weight and body mass index category, calculated from self-reported height and weight. RESULTS: Body mass index category was associated significantly with suicide ideation (among all students) and suicide attempts (among white and Hispanic students) without perceived weight in the model but not with perceived weight added to the model. In contrast with those who perceive themselves as about the right weight, students who perceived themselves as very underweight (odds ratio [OR], 2.29 [95% confidence interval (CI), 1.46-3.59]), slightly underweight (OR, 1.36 [95% CI, 1.03-1.79]), slightly overweight (OR, 1.33 [95% CI, 1.12-1.58]), and very overweight (OR, 2.50 [95% CI, 1.73-3.60]) had greater adjusted odds of suicide ideation. Among white students, perceiving oneself as very underweight (OR, 3.04 [95% CI, 1.40-6.58]) or very overweight (OR, 2.74 [95% CI, 1.21-6.23]) was associated with greater odds of suicide attempts. Perceiving oneself as very underweight was associated with greater odds for suicide attempts among black (OR, 2.86 [95% CI, 1.10-7.45]) and Hispanic (OR, 3.40 [95% CI, 1.54-7.51]) students. CONCLUSIONS: How adolescents perceive their body weight may be more important than their actual weight in terms of increased likelihood of suicidal behavior. Regardless of body mass index, extreme perceptions of weight appear to be significant risk factors for suicidal behavior; important racial/ethnic differences exist. JF - Archives of Pediatrics & Adolescent Medicine AU - Eaton, Danice K AU - Lowry, Richard AU - Brener, Nancy D AU - Galuska, Deborah A AU - Crosby, Alex E AD - Epidemic Intelligence Service, Division of Applied Public Health Training, Epidemiology (Dr Eaton), Divisions of Adolescent and School Health (Drs Lowry and Brener) and Nutrition and Physical Activity (Dr Galuska), National Center for Chronic Disease Prevention and Health Promotion, Division of Violence Prevention, National Center for Injury Prevention and Control (Dr Crosby), Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Ga. Dr Eaton is now with the Division of Adolescent and School Health, National Center for Chronic Disease Prevention and Health Promotion, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention Y1 - 2005/06// PY - 2005 DA - Jun 2005 SP - 513 EP - 519 PB - American Medical Association, 515 N. State St. Chicago IL 60610 USA VL - 159 IS - 6 SN - 1072-4710, 1072-4710 KW - Physical Education Index KW - High school students KW - Obesity KW - Weight control KW - Research (statistical design) KW - Blacks KW - Pediatrics KW - Adolescence KW - Body mass KW - Height KW - Surveys KW - Suicide KW - Health (behavior) KW - Students KW - Ethnic differences KW - Perception KW - Analysis KW - Risk factors KW - Archives KW - Youth KW - PE 030:Exercise, Health & Physical Fitness UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/19415513?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aphysicaleducation&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Archives+of+Pediatrics+%26+Adolescent+Medicine&rft.atitle=Associations+of+Body+Mass+Index+and+Perceived+Weight+With+Suicide+Ideation+and+Suicide+Attempts+Among+US+High+School+Students&rft.au=Eaton%2C+Danice+K%3BLowry%2C+Richard%3BBrener%2C+Nancy+D%3BGaluska%2C+Deborah+A%3BCrosby%2C+Alex+E&rft.aulast=Eaton&rft.aufirst=Danice&rft.date=2005-06-01&rft.volume=159&rft.issue=6&rft.spage=513&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Archives+of+Pediatrics+%26+Adolescent+Medicine&rft.issn=10724710&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - Physical Education Index N1 - Date revised - 2007-07-01 N1 - Last updated - 2015-04-01 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - High school students; Obesity; Weight control; Research (statistical design); Pediatrics; Blacks; Body mass; Adolescence; Health (behavior); Suicide; Surveys; Height; Students; Ethnic differences; Perception; Risk factors; Analysis; Archives; Youth ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Determination of carcinogenic tobacco-specific nitrosamines in mainstream smoke from U.S.-brand and non-U.S.-brand cigarettes from 14 countries AN - 17664438; 6491403 AB - Tobacco-specific nitrosamines (TSNAs) comprise one of the major classes of carcinogenic compounds in mainstream cigarette smoke. As part of collaborative efforts between the World Health Organization and the U.S. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) to reduce tobacco use and resulting disease, the CDC examined carcinogenic TSNA levels from cigarettes obtained from selected countries around the world. Using a modern, high-throughput liquid chromatography/mass spectrometry/mass spectrometry method under stringent quality control protocols, we determined the carcinogenic TSNA levels in mainstream smoke from a globally marketed brand, Marlboro, and from local top-selling cigarette brands from 14 countries. The levels of carcinogenic TSNAs in mainstream smoke collected using a 35-ml puff volume, 60-s puff interval, and 2-s puff duration correlated well (R=0.79, p<.0001) with previously reported levels in the corresponding tobacco filler. Marlboro cigarettes purchased in 10 countries had significantly higher carcinogenic TSNA levels in mainstream smoke than did local-brand cigarettes from the same country. In only one country, Brazil, were the carcinogenic TSNA levels in mainstream smoke from Marlboro cigarettes significantly lower than in the locally popular brand. However, carcinogenic TSNA levels in mainstream smoke from Brazilian Marlboro cigarettes were usually lower than those in mainstream smoke from the Marlboros purchased in the other 13 countries, suggesting a reason for the difference. The wide range of mainstream smoke carcinogenic TSNA levels measured in the present study (8.7-312 ng/cigarette) suggest that manufacturers can lower the carcinogenic TSNA levels and that, for similar filter ventilation, carcinogenic TSNA levels in the tobacco filler of a cigarette are a useful indicator of the corresponding levels in mainstream smoke. JF - Nicotine & Tobacco Research AU - Wu, Weijia AU - Zhang, Liqin AU - Jain, R B AU - Ashley, D L AU - Watson, CH AD - Division of Laboratory Sciences, National Center for Environmental Health, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, 4770 Buford Highway, Mailstop F-47, Atlanta, GA 30341, USA, cow1@cdc.gov Y1 - 2005/06// PY - 2005 DA - Jun 2005 SP - 443 EP - 451 VL - 7 IS - 3 SN - 1462-2203, 1462-2203 KW - Toxicology Abstracts KW - X 24180:Social poisons & drug abuse UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/17664438?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxicologyabstracts&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Nicotine+%26+Tobacco+Research&rft.atitle=Determination+of+carcinogenic+tobacco-specific+nitrosamines+in+mainstream+smoke+from+U.S.-brand+and+non-U.S.-brand+cigarettes+from+14+countries&rft.au=Wu%2C+Weijia%3BZhang%2C+Liqin%3BJain%2C+R+B%3BAshley%2C+D+L%3BWatson%2C+CH&rft.aulast=Wu&rft.aufirst=Weijia&rft.date=2005-06-01&rft.volume=7&rft.issue=3&rft.spage=443&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Nicotine+%26+Tobacco+Research&rft.issn=14622203&rft_id=info:doi/10.1080%2F14622200500125898 LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2005-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/14622200500125898 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Urinary metabolites of di-n-octyl phthalate in rats AN - 17655543; 6446281 AB - Di-n-octyl phthalate (DnOP) is a plasticizer used in polyvinyl chloride plastics, cellulose esters, and polystyrene resins. The metabolism of DnOP results in the hydrolysis of one ester linkage to produce mono-n-octyl phthalate (MnOP), which subsequently metabolizes to form oxidative metabolites. We investigated the toxicokinetics of DnOP in adult female Sprague-Dawley rats by monitoring the excretion of DnOP metabolites in urine after oral administration of DnOP (300 mg/kg). By using authentic standards, the presence of urinary phthalic acid (PA), MnOP, and the major DnOP metabolite, mono-(3-carboxypropyl) phthalate (MCPP) was clearly established. Furthermore, we identified five additional urinary DnOP oxidative metabolites based on their chromatographic behavior and mass spectrometric fragmentation pattern. These DnOP oxidative metabolites, are postulated to be mono-carboxymethyl phthalate (MCMP), mono-(5-carboxy-n-pentyl) phthalate (MCPeP), mono-(7-carboxy-n-heptyl) phthalate (MCHpP), and isomers of mono-hydroxy-n-octyl phthalate (MHOP) (e.g. mono-(7-hydroxy-n-octyl) phthalate) and of mono-oxo-n-octyl phthalate (MOOP) (e.g. mono-(7-oxo-n-octyl) phthalate). The urinary excretion of DnOP metabolites followed a biphasic excretion pattern. The metabolite levels decreased significantly after the first day of DnOP administration although MCPP, MCHpP, MHOP, and MOOP were detectable after 4 days. We also studied the in vitro metabolism of DnOP and MnOP by rat liver microsomes. DnOP produced MnOP, MHOP, and PA in vitro whereas, MnOP produced MHOP and PA in vitro at detectable levels. JF - Toxicology AU - Silva, MJ AU - Kato, K AU - Gray, EL AU - Wolf, C AU - Needham, L L AU - Calafat, A M AD - Division of Laboratory Sciences, National Center for Environmental Health, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Mailstop F17, 4770 Buford Hwy NE, Atlanta, GA 30341, USA, zca2@cdc.gov Y1 - 2005/06// PY - 2005 DA - Jun 2005 SP - 123 EP - 133 PB - Elsevier Science Ireland Ltd., P.O. Box 85 Limerick Ireland VL - 210 IS - 2-3 SN - 0300-483X, 0300-483X KW - Toxicology Abstracts KW - X 24153:Metabolism UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/17655543?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxicologyabstracts&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Toxicology&rft.atitle=Urinary+metabolites+of+di-n-octyl+phthalate+in+rats&rft.au=Silva%2C+MJ%3BKato%2C+K%3BGray%2C+EL%3BWolf%2C+C%3BNeedham%2C+L+L%3BCalafat%2C+A+M&rft.aulast=Silva&rft.aufirst=MJ&rft.date=2005-06-01&rft.volume=210&rft.issue=2-3&rft.spage=123&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Toxicology&rft.issn=0300483X&rft_id=info:doi/10.1016%2Fj.tox.2005.01.012 LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2005-09-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.tox.2005.01.012 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - An overview of adverse events reported by participants in CDC's anthrax vaccine and antimicrobial availability program AN - 17586926; 6418017 AB - Purpose The CDC's Anthrax Vaccine and Antibiotic Availability Program was implemented under an Investigational New Drug (IND) application to provide additional post-exposure prophylaxis for individuals potentially exposed to Bacillus anthracis in the fall of 2001. Participants were provided with two options: (1) 40 additional days of antimicrobial prophylaxis (i.e., ciprofloxacin, doxycycline, or amoxicillin); or (2) 40 additional days of antimicrobial prophylaxis plus three doses of anthrax vaccine adsorbed (AVA). Methods Participants were monitored for adverse events (AEs). Participants were asked to complete 2-week AE diaries for 6 weeks post-enrollment, and approximately 2 months after enrollment, active surveillance was conducted through telephone interviews with 1113 (64%) participants. Results A total of 1727 of approximately 10 000 previously prophylaxed persons enrolled to receive 40 additional days of antibiotics. Of these, 199 opted at enrollment to receive three doses of AVA in addition to the additional 40 days of antibiotic. Overall, 28% of participants reported at least one AE on their diaries. Results varied by surveillance mechanism, the diary data indicated differences in the proportion reporting AEs between participants receiving antibiotic only and participants receiving antibiotic and AVA. However, during the active 2-month telephone follow-up, the rates of AEs reported for both the antibiotic only and antibiotic plus AVA treatment regimens were similar. Additionally, ciprofloxacin and doxycycline had similar AE profiles, with only rigors reported significantly more often among ciprofloxacin recipients. Conclusions Overall, the rates of AEs experienced by all participants were acceptable given the seriousness of potential B. anthracis exposure. JF - Pharmacoepidemiology and Drug Safety AU - Martin, S W AU - Tierney, B C AU - Aranas, A AU - Rosenstein, N E AU - Franzke, L H AU - Apicella, L AU - Marano, N AU - McNeil, M M AD - Epidemiology and Surveillance Division, National Immunization Program, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, 1600 Clifton Road, NE MS-E61, Atlanta, GA 30333, USA, ZMT0@CDC.GOV Y1 - 2005/06// PY - 2005 DA - Jun 2005 SP - 393 EP - 401 VL - 14 IS - 6 SN - 1053-8569, 1053-8569 KW - Toxicology Abstracts; Health & Safety Science Abstracts KW - Amoxicillin KW - Data processing KW - Antibiotics KW - Bacillus anthracis KW - Ciprofloxacin KW - Reviews KW - Prophylaxis KW - Anthrax KW - Vaccines KW - Drugs KW - Doxycycline KW - Side effects KW - H 4000:Food and Drugs KW - X 24113:Side effects UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/17586926?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxicologyabstracts&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Pharmacoepidemiology+and+Drug+Safety&rft.atitle=An+overview+of+adverse+events+reported+by+participants+in+CDC%27s+anthrax+vaccine+and+antimicrobial+availability+program&rft.au=Martin%2C+S+W%3BTierney%2C+B+C%3BAranas%2C+A%3BRosenstein%2C+N+E%3BFranzke%2C+L+H%3BApicella%2C+L%3BMarano%2C+N%3BMcNeil%2C+M+M&rft.aulast=Martin&rft.aufirst=S&rft.date=2005-06-01&rft.volume=14&rft.issue=6&rft.spage=393&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Pharmacoepidemiology+and+Drug+Safety&rft.issn=10538569&rft_id=info:doi/10.1002%2Fpds.1085 LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Bacillus anthracis; Drugs; Side effects; Antibiotics; Vaccines; Prophylaxis; Anthrax; Ciprofloxacin; Doxycycline; Data processing; Reviews; Amoxicillin DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/pds.1085 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Behavioral and social sciences theories and models: are they used in unintentional injury prevention research? AN - 17574282; 6277351 AB - Behavioral and social sciences theories and models have the potential to enhance efforts to reduce unintentional injuries. The authors reviewed the published literature on behavioral and social science theory applications to unintentional injury problems to enumerate and categorize the ways different theories and models are used in injury prevention research. The authors conducted a systematic review to evaluate the published literature from 1980 to 2001 on behavioral and social science theory applications to unintentional injury prevention and control. Electronic database searches in PubMed and PsycINFO identified articles that combined behavioral and social sciences theories and models and injury causes. The authors identified some articles that examined behavioral and social science theories and models and unintentional injury topics, but found that several important theories have never been applied to unintentional injury prevention. Among the articles identified, the PRECEDE PROCEED Model was cited most frequently, followed by the Theory of Reasoned Action/Theory of Planned Behavior and Health Belief Model. When behavioral and social sciences theories and models were applied to unintentional injury topics, they were most frequently used to guide program design, implementation or develop evaluation measures; few examples of theory testing were found. Results suggest that the use of behavioral and social sciences theories and models in unintentional injury prevention research is only marginally represented in the mainstream, peer-reviewed literature. Both the fields of injury prevention and behavioral and social sciences could benefit from greater collaborative research to enhance behavioral approaches to injury control. JF - Health Education Research AU - Trifiletti, L B AU - Gielen, A C AU - Sleet, DA AU - Hopkins, K AD - Department of Heath Policy and Management, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD 21205 and Division of Unintentional Injury Prevention, National Center for Injury Prevention and Control, Atlanta, GA 30341, USA Y1 - 2005/06// PY - 2005 DA - Jun 2005 SP - 298 EP - 307 PB - Oxford University Press, Oxford Journals, Great Clarendon Street Oxford OX2 6DP UK, [mailto:jnl.samples@oup.co.uk], [URL:http://www3.oup.co.uk/jnls/] VL - 20 IS - 3 SN - 0268-1153, 0268-1153 KW - Health & Safety Science Abstracts KW - Prevention KW - Injuries KW - Research programs KW - H 11000:Diseases/Injuries/Trauma UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/17574282?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Ahealthsafetyabstracts&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Health+Education+Research&rft.atitle=Behavioral+and+social+sciences+theories+and+models%3A+are+they+used+in+unintentional+injury+prevention+research%3F&rft.au=Trifiletti%2C+L+B%3BGielen%2C+A+C%3BSleet%2C+DA%3BHopkins%2C+K&rft.aulast=Trifiletti&rft.aufirst=L&rft.date=2005-06-01&rft.volume=20&rft.issue=3&rft.spage=298&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Health+Education+Research&rft.issn=02681153&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Injuries; Prevention; Research programs ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Migration as a risk factor for measles after a mass vaccination campaign, Burkina Faso, 2002 AN - 17559575; 6406883 AB - Background Shortly after a measles supplementary immunization activity (SIA) targeting children from 9 months to 14 years of age that achieved high coverage, Burkina Faso had a large, serologically confirmed measles outbreak. To investigate the causes of this first reported failure of a widely successful measles control strategy we conducted a case-control study. Methods Serologically confirmed measles cases aged greater than or equal to 9 months at the time of the SIA in 6 heavily affected districts were frequency matched on age to 3 controls recruited from people frequenting health centres in the same districts. Results Between January and July 2002, 1287 measles cases were reported throughout Burkina Faso. Of the 707 cases that were serologically confirmed, 358 (51%) were from 9 months to 14 years of age and 265 (37%) were greater than or equal to 15 years of age. Among cases and controls from 9 months to 14 years of age significant risk factors for measles were lack of measles vaccination and, in the unvaccinated, recent travel to Cote d'Ivoire. Of the recent measles cases in Cote d'Ivoire 54% were there when exposed to measles. Among adults, risk factors included non-vaccination and the lack of school attendance during childhood. Vaccine effectiveness was estimated to be 98%. Conclusions Migration of children between Cote d'Ivoire and Burkina Faso played a major role in the failure of the SIA to interrupt measles transmission. Synchronization of measles control activities should be a high priority in countries with regions where much migration occurs. JF - International Journal of Epidemiology AU - Yameogo, K R AU - Perry, R T AU - Yameogo, A AU - Kambire, C AU - Konde, M K AU - Nshimirimana, D AU - Kezaala, R AU - Hersh, B S AU - Cairns, K L AU - Strebel, P AD - Centres for Disease Control and Prevention, 1600 Clifton Rd, NE MS-E05, Atlanta, GA 30333, USA, RPerry@cdc.gov Y1 - 2005/06// PY - 2005 DA - Jun 2005 SP - 556 EP - 564 VL - 34 IS - 3 SN - 0300-5771, 0300-5771 KW - migration KW - measles KW - Virology & AIDS Abstracts; Risk Abstracts KW - Travel KW - Measles KW - Burkina Faso KW - Synchronization KW - Children KW - Vaccination KW - Migration KW - Disease transmission KW - Infectious diseases KW - Risk factors KW - Vaccines KW - Cote d'Ivoire KW - V 22123:Epidemiology KW - V 22097:Immunization: Vaccines & vaccination: Human KW - R2 23060:Medical and environmental health UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/17559575?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Ariskabstracts&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=International+Journal+of+Epidemiology&rft.atitle=Migration+as+a+risk+factor+for+measles+after+a+mass+vaccination+campaign%2C+Burkina+Faso%2C+2002&rft.au=Yameogo%2C+K+R%3BPerry%2C+R+T%3BYameogo%2C+A%3BKambire%2C+C%3BKonde%2C+M+K%3BNshimirimana%2C+D%3BKezaala%2C+R%3BHersh%2C+B+S%3BCairns%2C+K+L%3BStrebel%2C+P&rft.aulast=Yameogo&rft.aufirst=K&rft.date=2005-06-01&rft.volume=34&rft.issue=3&rft.spage=556&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=International+Journal+of+Epidemiology&rft.issn=03005771&rft_id=info:doi/10.1093%2Fije%2Fdyi001 LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Cote d'Ivoire; Burkina Faso; Travel; Infectious diseases; Disease transmission; Vaccines; Measles; Migration; Children; Risk factors; Vaccination; Synchronization DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/ije/dyi001 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Optimal cylindrical handle diameter for grip force tasks AN - 17555831; 6446393 AB - This study tested maximum grip force on cylindrical aluminum handles to evaluate the relationships between handle diameter (25-50 mm diameter handles), perceived comfort, finger and phalange force distribution, and electromyographic efficiency of finger flexor and extensor muscle activity. A force glove system containing 16 thin profile force sensors was developed to measure finger and phalangeal forces on the cylindrical handles. Participants (, n=24, ) rated the mid-sized handles (30, 35 and 40 mm) as the most comfortable for maximum grip force exertions. Using a polynomial regression the handle diameter that maximized subjective comfort was calculated as a function of the user's hand length. This optimal handle diameter was 19.7% of the user's hand length. Total finger force capability was inversely related with handle diameter. Electromyographic amplitude of the primary flexor and extensor was unaffected by handle diameter, so the efficiency of the muscle electrical activity followed the same relationship with handle diameter as total finger force. Individual finger and phalange force distributions were examined to evaluate their relationship with perceived comfort. A non-uniform finger/phalange force distribution, in which finger force was proportional to finger muscle capabilities, exhibited a stronger correlation with subjective ratings of comfort than a uniform finger/phalange force distribution.Relevance to industry Results obtained in this study will provide guidelines to hand-tool designers and manufacturers for maximizing handle comfort based on the user's hand size. JF - International Journal of Industrial Ergonomics AU - Kong, Y-K AU - Lowe, B D AD - Robert A. Taft Laboratories, National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, 4676 Columbia Parkway, MS C-24, Cincinnati, OH 45226, USA, ykong@cdc.gov Y1 - 2005/06// PY - 2005 DA - Jun 2005 SP - 495 EP - 507 PB - Elsevier Science B.V., P.O. Box 211 Amsterdam 1000 AE Netherlands, [mailto:nlinfo-f@elsevier.nl], [URL:http://www.elsevier.nl/] VL - 35 IS - 6 SN - 0169-8141, 0169-8141 KW - Health & Safety Science Abstracts KW - Sensors KW - Man-machine interactions KW - Materials handling KW - Muscles KW - gloves KW - Aluminum KW - Ergonomics KW - Occupational health KW - H 10000:Ergonomics/Human Factors UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/17555831?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Ahealthsafetyabstracts&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=International+Journal+of+Industrial+Ergonomics&rft.atitle=Optimal+cylindrical+handle+diameter+for+grip+force+tasks&rft.au=Kong%2C+Y-K%3BLowe%2C+B+D&rft.aulast=Kong&rft.aufirst=Y-K&rft.date=2005-06-01&rft.volume=35&rft.issue=6&rft.spage=495&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=International+Journal+of+Industrial+Ergonomics&rft.issn=01698141&rft_id=info:doi/10.1016%2Fj.ergon.2004.11.003 LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Muscles; Aluminum; Ergonomics; gloves; Sensors; Man-machine interactions; Occupational health; Materials handling DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ergon.2004.11.003 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - State of the science: violence prevention efforts in developing and developed countries AN - 17553257; 6437998 AB - Violence is an important global public health problem that claims the lives of over 1.6 million people each year and results in numerous other health and social consequences. It is also a preventable health problem. This paper provides an overview of the current status of prevention efforts in developing and developed countries, describes what is known about the effectiveness of different approaches and highlights some of the important challenges in building the evidence-base for violence prevention programmes. Research conducted to date shows an imbalance in the emphasis of prevention programmes across the different types of violence. This imbalance is reflected in the timing of response, the nature and level of influence of interventions and programmes and the outcomes studied. Promising and effective approaches have been identified, but many more still require rigorous testing, particularly in developing countries. The current state of the science in violence prevention reveals both progress and a number of remaining challenges. JF - International Journal of Injury Control and Safety Promotion AU - Dahlberg, L L AU - Butchart, A AD - Division of Violence Prevention, National Center for Injury Prevention and Control, Mailstop K-68, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, 4770 Buford Highway, NE, Atlanta, GA 30341, USA, ldahlberg@cdc.gov Y1 - 2005/06// PY - 2005 DA - Jun 2005 SP - 93 EP - 104 VL - 12 IS - 2 SN - 1745-7300, 1745-7300 KW - Health & Safety Science Abstracts KW - Injuries KW - prevention KW - Developing countries KW - Violence KW - Public health KW - H 11000:Diseases/Injuries/Trauma UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/17553257?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Ahealthsafetyabstracts&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=International+Journal+of+Injury+Control+and+Safety+Promotion&rft.atitle=State+of+the+science%3A+violence+prevention+efforts+in+developing+and+developed+countries&rft.au=Dahlberg%2C+L+L%3BButchart%2C+A&rft.aulast=Dahlberg&rft.aufirst=L&rft.date=2005-06-01&rft.volume=12&rft.issue=2&rft.spage=93&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=International+Journal+of+Injury+Control+and+Safety+Promotion&rft.issn=17457300&rft_id=info:doi/10.1080%2F15660970500086239 LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Violence; prevention; Public health; Injuries; Developing countries DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/15660970500086239 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Risk assessment of chemicals and pharmaceuticals in the pediatric population: A workshop report AN - 17543943; 6392896 AB - ATSDR and RIVM organized an Expert Panel Workshop on the Differences Between Children and Adults and Their Relevance to Risk Assessment. The workshop was held in June 2003, in Brussels, Belgium. The purpose of the workshop was to identify data gaps in current scientific knowledge related to children's health and to recognize areas of mutual interest that would serve as the basis for upcoming ATSDR/RIVM cooperative projects. The aim for both agencies is a better understanding of the issues related to children's health, and the improvement of scientifically based (chemical) risk assessment in children. Topics discussed included clinical trials /toxicity studies, testing in juvenile animals, PBPK modeling in children, and children's risk assessment. JF - Regulatory Toxicology and Pharmacology AU - Pohl, H R AU - van Engelen, JGM AU - Wilson, J AU - Sips, AJAM AD - US Department of Health and Human Services, Atlanta, GA 30333, USA, hpohl@cdc.gov Y1 - 2005/06// PY - 2005 DA - Jun 2005 SP - 83 EP - 95 VL - 42 IS - 1 SN - 0273-2300, 0273-2300 KW - Risk Abstracts; Health & Safety Science Abstracts; Toxicology Abstracts KW - Risk assessment KW - Clinical trials KW - Drugs KW - Pediatrics KW - Children KW - Belgium KW - Pharmaceuticals KW - Toxicity testing KW - R2 23060:Medical and environmental health KW - X 24221:Toxicity testing KW - H 4000:Food and Drugs UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/17543943?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Ariskabstracts&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Regulatory+Toxicology+and+Pharmacology&rft.atitle=Risk+assessment+of+chemicals+and+pharmaceuticals+in+the+pediatric+population%3A+A+workshop+report&rft.au=Pohl%2C+H+R%3Bvan+Engelen%2C+JGM%3BWilson%2C+J%3BSips%2C+AJAM&rft.aulast=Pohl&rft.aufirst=H&rft.date=2005-06-01&rft.volume=42&rft.issue=1&rft.spage=83&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Regulatory+Toxicology+and+Pharmacology&rft.issn=02732300&rft_id=info:doi/10.1016%2Fj.yrtph.2005.01.005 LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Belgium; Children; Toxicity testing; Drugs; Clinical trials; Risk assessment; Pediatrics; Pharmaceuticals DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.yrtph.2005.01.005 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Characterizing the Burden of Occupational Injury and Disease AN - 17519030; 6404790 AB - To review the literature on the burden of occupational disease and injury and to provide a comprehensive characterization of the burden. The scientific and governmental literature from 1990 to the present was searched and evaluated. Thirty-eight studies illustrative of the burden of occupational disease were reviewed for findings, methodology, strengths, and limitations. Recent U.S. estimates of occupational mortality and morbidity include approximately 55,000 deaths (eighth leading cause) and 3.8 million disabling injuries per year, respectively. Comprehensive estimates of U.S. costs related to these burdens range between $128 billion and $155 billion per year. Despite these significant indicators, occupational morbidity, mortality, and risks are not well characterized in comparative burden assessments. The magnitude of occupational disease and injury burden is significant but underestimated. There is a need for an integrated approach to address these underestimates. JF - Journal of Occupational and Environmental Medicine AU - Schulte, P A AD - NIOSH, MS-C14, 4676 Columbia Pkwy., Cincinnati, OH 45226, USA, pas4@cdc.gov Y1 - 2005/06// PY - 2005 DA - Jun 2005 SP - 607 EP - 622 VL - 47 IS - 6 SN - 1076-2752, 1076-2752 KW - Health & Safety Science Abstracts KW - Mortality KW - Injuries KW - Occupational safety KW - Morbidity KW - USA KW - occupational diseases KW - Reviews KW - H 1000:Occupational Safety and Health UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/17519030?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Ahealthsafetyabstracts&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Occupational+and+Environmental+Medicine&rft.atitle=Characterizing+the+Burden+of+Occupational+Injury+and+Disease&rft.au=Schulte%2C+P+A&rft.aulast=Schulte&rft.aufirst=P&rft.date=2005-06-01&rft.volume=47&rft.issue=6&rft.spage=607&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+Occupational+and+Environmental+Medicine&rft.issn=10762752&rft_id=info:doi/10.1097%2F01.jom.0000165086.25595.9d LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2010-05-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-14 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Mortality; occupational diseases; Injuries; Reviews; Occupational safety; Morbidity; USA DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/01.jom.0000165086.25595.9d ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Speaking the same language: treatment outcome definitions for multidrug-resistant tuberculosis AN - 17503628; 6394289 AB - Globally it is estimated that 273000 new cases of multidrug-resistant tuberculosis (MDR-TB, resistance to isoniazid and rifampicin) occurred in 2000. To address MDR-TB management in the context of the DOTS strategy, the World Health Organization and partners have been promoting an expanded treatment strategy called DOTS-Plus. However, standard definitions for MDR-TB patient registration and treatment outcomes do not exist. To propose a standardized set of case registration groups and treatment outcome definitions for MDR-TB and procedures for conducting cohort analyses under the DOTS-Plus strategy. Using published definitions for drug-susceptible TB as a guide, a 2-year-long series of meetings, conferences, and correspondence was undertaken to review published literature and country-specific program experience, and to develop international agreement. Definitions were designed for MDR-TB patient categorization, smear and culture conversion, and treatment outcomes (cure, treatment completion, death, default, failure, transfer out). Standards for conducting outcome analyses were developed to ensure comparability between programs. Optimal management strategies for MDR-TB have not been evaluated in controlled clinical trials. Standardized definitions and cohort analyses will facilitate assessment and comparison of program performance. These data will contribute to the evidence base to inform decision makers on approaches to MDR-TB control. JF - International Journal of Tuberculosis and Lung Disease AU - Laserson, K F AU - Thorpe, LE AU - Leimane, V AU - Weyer, K AU - Mitnick, C D AU - Riekstina, V AU - Zarovska, E AU - Rich, M L AU - Fraser, HSF AU - Alarcon, E AU - Cegielski, J P AU - Grzemska, M AU - Gupta, R AU - Espinal, M AD - Division of Tuberculosis Elimination, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Mailstop E-10, Atlanta, GA 30333, USA, kel4@cdc.gov Y1 - 2005/06// PY - 2005 DA - Jun 2005 SP - 640 EP - 645 VL - 9 IS - 6 SN - 1027-3719, 1027-3719 KW - Microbiology Abstracts B: Bacteriology KW - Rifampin KW - Lung diseases KW - Tuberculosis KW - Multidrug resistance KW - Clinical trials KW - Mycobacterium tuberculosis KW - Isoniazid KW - J 02814:Drug resistance KW - J 02845:Ear, nose and respiratory tract UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/17503628?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologyb&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=International+Journal+of+Tuberculosis+and+Lung+Disease&rft.atitle=Speaking+the+same+language%3A+treatment+outcome+definitions+for+multidrug-resistant+tuberculosis&rft.au=Laserson%2C+K+F%3BThorpe%2C+LE%3BLeimane%2C+V%3BWeyer%2C+K%3BMitnick%2C+C+D%3BRiekstina%2C+V%3BZarovska%2C+E%3BRich%2C+M+L%3BFraser%2C+HSF%3BAlarcon%2C+E%3BCegielski%2C+J+P%3BGrzemska%2C+M%3BGupta%2C+R%3BEspinal%2C+M&rft.aulast=Laserson&rft.aufirst=K&rft.date=2005-06-01&rft.volume=9&rft.issue=6&rft.spage=640&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=International+Journal+of+Tuberculosis+and+Lung+Disease&rft.issn=10273719&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Last updated - 2015-03-24 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Rifampin; Lung diseases; Multidrug resistance; Tuberculosis; Clinical trials; Isoniazid; Mycobacterium tuberculosis ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Tularemia: emergence/re-emergence AN - 17503576; 6394168 AB - Francisella tularensis is a gram-negative coccobacillus and the etiologic agent of the zoonotic disease tularemia. First described in 1911 in Tulare County, California, it has since been reported throughout the Northern Hemisphere, with natural infections reported among an unusually wide range of vertebrates and invertebrates. In recent years, tularemia has emerged in new geographic locations, populations, and settings. This review will serve to highlight mechanisms contributing to the recent emergence of tularemia as well as a repertoire of diagnostic tools useful for detecting and diagnosing disease. JF - Veterinary Research AU - Petersen, J M AU - Schriefer, ME AD - Bacterial Zoonoses Branch, Division of Vector-Borne Infectious Diseases, National Center for Infectious Diseases, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Foothills Campus, PO Box 2087, Ft. Collins, CO 80522, USA, nzp0@cdc.gov Y1 - 2005/06// PY - 2005 DA - Jun 2005 SP - 455 EP - 467 VL - 36 IS - 3 SN - 0928-4249, 0928-4249 KW - Microbiology Abstracts B: Bacteriology KW - Zoonoses KW - Tularemia KW - Reviews KW - Francisella tularensis KW - J 02855:Human Bacteriology: Others UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/17503576?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologyb&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Veterinary+Research&rft.atitle=Tularemia%3A+emergence%2Fre-emergence&rft.au=Petersen%2C+J+M%3BSchriefer%2C+ME&rft.aulast=Petersen&rft.aufirst=J&rft.date=2005-06-01&rft.volume=36&rft.issue=3&rft.spage=455&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Veterinary+Research&rft.issn=09284249&rft_id=info:doi/10.1051%2Fvetres%3A2005006 LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Francisella tularensis; Tularemia; Reviews; Zoonoses DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/vetres:2005006 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Blood lead levels--United States, 1999-2002. AN - 67873360; 15917736 AB - Adverse health effects caused by lead exposure include intellectual and behavioral deficits in children and hypertension and kidney disease in adults. Exposure to lead is an important public health problem, particularly for young children. Eliminating blood lead levels (BLLs) >/=10 microg/dL in children is one of the national health objectives for 2010 (objective no. 8-11). Findings of National Health and Nutrition Examination Surveys (NHANES) from the period 1976-1980 to 1991-1994 reveal a steep decline (from 77.8% to 4.4%) in the percentage of children aged 1-5 years with BLLs >/=10 microg/dL. However, BLLs remain higher for certain populations, especially children in minority populations, children from low-income families, and children who live in older homes. This report updates estimates of BLLs in the U.S. population with the latest NHANES data, collected during 1999-2002. The findings indicated that BLLs continued to decrease in all age groups and racial/ethnic populations. During 1999-2002, the overall prevalence of elevated BLLs for the U.S. population aged >/=1 year was 0.7%. BLLs in non-Hispanic black children remained higher than in non-Hispanic white or Mexican-American children, although the proportion of BLLs >/=10 microg/dL in this population decreased (72%) since 1991-1994. Approximately 310,000 children aged 1-5 years remained at risk for exposure to harmful lead levels. Public health agencies should continue efforts to eliminate or control sources of lead, screen persons at highest risk for exposure, and provide timely medical and environmental interventions for those identified with elevated BLLs. JF - MMWR. Morbidity and mortality weekly report AU - Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) AD - Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) Y1 - 2005/05/27/ PY - 2005 DA - 2005 May 27 SP - 513 EP - 516 VL - 54 IS - 20 KW - Lead KW - 2P299V784P KW - Index Medicus KW - Infant KW - Humans KW - Adult KW - Nutrition Surveys KW - Middle Aged KW - Child KW - Adolescent KW - United States -- epidemiology KW - Male KW - Female KW - Child, Preschool KW - Lead Poisoning -- epidemiology KW - Lead -- blood UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/67873360?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=MMWR.+Morbidity+and+mortality+weekly+report&rft.atitle=Blood+lead+levels--United+States%2C+1999-2002.&rft.au=Centers+for+Disease+Control+and+Prevention+%28CDC%29&rft.aulast=Centers+for+Disease+Control+and+Prevention+%28CDC%29&rft.aufirst=&rft.date=2005-05-27&rft.volume=54&rft.issue=20&rft.spage=513&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=MMWR.+Morbidity+and+mortality+weekly+report&rft.issn=1545-861X&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 2005-05-27 N1 - Date created - 2005-05-26 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - CPAPER T1 - Role of proinflamatory cytokines in chemically-induced dopaminergic neurodegeration AN - 40046491; 3931625 AU - O'Callaghan, J Y1 - 2005/05/25/ PY - 2005 DA - 2005 May 25 KW - CPI, Conference Papers Index KW - U 2000:Biology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/40046491?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Acpi&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=conference&rft.jtitle=&rft.atitle=Role+of+proinflamatory+cytokines+in+chemically-induced+dopaminergic+neurodegeration&rft.au=O%27Callaghan%2C+J&rft.aulast=O%27Callaghan&rft.aufirst=J&rft.date=2005-05-25&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - SuppNotes - Availability: The Society of Toxicology, 1767 Business Center Drive, Suite 302, Resont, VA 20190-5332, USA; phone: 703-438-3115; fax: 703-438-3113; URL: http://www.toxicology.org N1 - Last updated - 2010-05-03 ER - TY - CPAPER T1 - Identification of signaling pathways activating reactive gliosis in multiple models of brain-injury: A genomic, proteomic and protein phosphorylation analysis AN - 40046319; 3930861 AU - Sriram, K AU - O'Callaghan, J P Y1 - 2005/05/25/ PY - 2005 DA - 2005 May 25 KW - CPI, Conference Papers Index KW - U 2000:Biology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/40046319?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Acpi&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=conference&rft.jtitle=&rft.atitle=Identification+of+signaling+pathways+activating+reactive+gliosis+in+multiple+models+of+brain-injury%3A+A+genomic%2C+proteomic+and+protein+phosphorylation+analysis&rft.au=Sriram%2C+K%3BO%27Callaghan%2C+J+P&rft.aulast=Sriram&rft.aufirst=K&rft.date=2005-05-25&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - SuppNotes - Availability: The Society of Toxicology, 1767 Business Center Drive, Suite 302, Resont, VA 20190-5332, USA; phone: 703-438-3115; fax: 703-438-3113; URL: http://www.toxicology.org N1 - Last updated - 2010-05-03 ER - TY - CPAPER T1 - Modification of pulmonary CYP2B1 and induced CYP1A1 activities by intravenous injection of iron dextran AN - 40035197; 3929998 AU - Ghanem, M M AU - Battelli, L AU - Barger, M AU - Nath, J AU - Hubbs, A F Y1 - 2005/05/25/ PY - 2005 DA - 2005 May 25 KW - CPI, Conference Papers Index KW - U 2000:Biology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/40035197?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Acpi&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=conference&rft.jtitle=&rft.atitle=Modification+of+pulmonary+CYP2B1+and+induced+CYP1A1+activities+by+intravenous+injection+of+iron+dextran&rft.au=Ghanem%2C+M+M%3BBattelli%2C+L%3BBarger%2C+M%3BNath%2C+J%3BHubbs%2C+A+F&rft.aulast=Ghanem&rft.aufirst=M&rft.date=2005-05-25&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - SuppNotes - Availability: The Society of Toxicology, 1767 Business Center Drive, Suite 302, Resont, VA 20190-5332, USA; phone: 703-438-3115; fax: 703-438-3113; URL: http://www.toxicology.org N1 - Last updated - 2010-05-03 ER - TY - CPAPER T1 - In vivo exposure of prepubertal rats to methoxychlor (M) inhibits ex vivo leydig cell (LC) basal and human chorionic gonadotropin (HCG)-stimulated testosterone (T) formation AN - 40008470; 3930187 AU - Murono, E P AU - Derk, R C Y1 - 2005/05/25/ PY - 2005 DA - 2005 May 25 KW - CPI, Conference Papers Index KW - U 2000:Biology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/40008470?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Acpi&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=conference&rft.jtitle=&rft.atitle=In+vivo+exposure+of+prepubertal+rats+to+methoxychlor+%28M%29+inhibits+ex+vivo+leydig+cell+%28LC%29+basal+and+human+chorionic+gonadotropin+%28HCG%29-stimulated+testosterone+%28T%29+formation&rft.au=Murono%2C+E+P%3BDerk%2C+R+C&rft.aulast=Murono&rft.aufirst=E&rft.date=2005-05-25&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - SuppNotes - Availability: The Society of Toxicology, 1767 Business Center Drive, Suite 302, Resont, VA 20190-5332, USA; phone: 703-438-3115; fax: 703-438-3113; URL: http://www.toxicology.org N1 - Last updated - 2010-05-03 ER - TY - CPAPER T1 - Reactive gliosis in neurotoxic and mechanical injury models AN - 39998539; 3931178 AU - Damiani, CL AU - Miller, D B AU - O'Callaghan, J P Y1 - 2005/05/25/ PY - 2005 DA - 2005 May 25 KW - CPI, Conference Papers Index KW - U 2000:Biology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/39998539?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Acpi&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=conference&rft.jtitle=&rft.atitle=Reactive+gliosis+in+neurotoxic+and+mechanical+injury+models&rft.au=Damiani%2C+CL%3BMiller%2C+D+B%3BO%27Callaghan%2C+J+P&rft.aulast=Damiani&rft.aufirst=CL&rft.date=2005-05-25&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - SuppNotes - Availability: The Society of Toxicology, 1767 Business Center Drive, Suite 302, Resont, VA 20190-5332, USA; phone: 703-438-3115; fax: 703-438-3113; URL: http://www.toxicology.org N1 - Last updated - 2010-05-03 ER - TY - CPAPER T1 - Using animal LC50 data to estimate acute exposure lethality thresholds for workers AN - 39998340; 3931115 AU - Weinrich, A J AU - Maier, A AU - Havics, A AU - Gadagbui, B AU - Osier, M Y1 - 2005/05/25/ PY - 2005 DA - 2005 May 25 KW - CPI, Conference Papers Index KW - U 2000:Biology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/39998340?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Acpi&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=conference&rft.jtitle=&rft.atitle=Using+animal+LC50+data+to+estimate+acute+exposure+lethality+thresholds+for+workers&rft.au=Weinrich%2C+A+J%3BMaier%2C+A%3BHavics%2C+A%3BGadagbui%2C+B%3BOsier%2C+M&rft.aulast=Weinrich&rft.aufirst=A&rft.date=2005-05-25&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - SuppNotes - Availability: The Society of Toxicology, 1767 Business Center Drive, Suite 302, Resont, VA 20190-5332, USA; phone: 703-438-3115; fax: 703-438-3113; URL: http://www.toxicology.org N1 - Last updated - 2010-05-03 ER - TY - CPAPER T1 - Statistical properties of carcinogen threshold estimates using log-linear regression AN - 39962001; 3930025 AU - Dankovic, DA AU - Wheeler, M T Y1 - 2005/05/25/ PY - 2005 DA - 2005 May 25 KW - CPI, Conference Papers Index KW - U 2000:Biology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/39962001?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Acpi&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=conference&rft.jtitle=&rft.atitle=Statistical+properties+of+carcinogen+threshold+estimates+using+log-linear+regression&rft.au=Dankovic%2C+DA%3BWheeler%2C+M+T&rft.aulast=Dankovic&rft.aufirst=DA&rft.date=2005-05-25&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - SuppNotes - Availability: The Society of Toxicology, 1767 Business Center Drive, Suite 302, Resont, VA 20190-5332, USA; phone: 703-438-3115; fax: 703-438-3113; URL: http://www.toxicology.org N1 - Last updated - 2010-05-03 ER - TY - CPAPER T1 - Using CDC biomonitoring data for assessing childrens' exposures to environmental chemicals AN - 39951943; 3930978 AU - Needham, L L Y1 - 2005/05/25/ PY - 2005 DA - 2005 May 25 KW - CPI, Conference Papers Index KW - U 2000:Biology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/39951943?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Acpi&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=conference&rft.jtitle=&rft.atitle=Using+CDC+biomonitoring+data+for+assessing+childrens%27+exposures+to+environmental+chemicals&rft.au=Needham%2C+L+L&rft.aulast=Needham&rft.aufirst=L&rft.date=2005-05-25&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - SuppNotes - Availability: The Society of Toxicology, 1767 Business Center Drive, Suite 302, Resont, VA 20190-5332, USA; phone: 703-438-3115; fax: 703-438-3113; URL: http://www.toxicology.org N1 - Last updated - 2010-05-03 ER - TY - CPAPER T1 - Extrapolation of LC50s to safe exposure levels - Insights for emergency responders AN - 39943640; 3931119 AU - Fay, M AU - Luukinen, B AU - Holler, J Y1 - 2005/05/25/ PY - 2005 DA - 2005 May 25 KW - CPI, Conference Papers Index KW - U 2000:Biology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/39943640?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Acpi&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=conference&rft.jtitle=&rft.atitle=Extrapolation+of+LC50s+to+safe+exposure+levels+-+Insights+for+emergency+responders&rft.au=Fay%2C+M%3BLuukinen%2C+B%3BHoller%2C+J&rft.aulast=Fay&rft.aufirst=M&rft.date=2005-05-25&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - SuppNotes - Availability: The Society of Toxicology, 1767 Business Center Drive, Suite 302, Resont, VA 20190-5332, USA; phone: 703-438-3115; fax: 703-438-3113; URL: http://www.toxicology.org N1 - Last updated - 2010-05-03 ER - TY - CPAPER T1 - Forced exercise attenuates kainic acid-induced neurotoxicity in the hippocampus of C57BL/6J mice AN - 39921233; 3929686 AU - Benkovic, SA AU - O'Callaghan, J P AU - Miller, D B Y1 - 2005/05/25/ PY - 2005 DA - 2005 May 25 KW - CPI, Conference Papers Index KW - U 2000:Biology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/39921233?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Acpi&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=conference&rft.jtitle=&rft.atitle=Forced+exercise+attenuates+kainic+acid-induced+neurotoxicity+in+the+hippocampus+of+C57BL%2F6J+mice&rft.au=Benkovic%2C+SA%3BO%27Callaghan%2C+J+P%3BMiller%2C+D+B&rft.aulast=Benkovic&rft.aufirst=SA&rft.date=2005-05-25&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - SuppNotes - Availability: The Society of Toxicology, 1767 Business Center Drive, Suite 302, Resont, VA 20190-5332, USA; phone: 703-438-3115; fax: 703-438-3113; URL: http://www.toxicology.org N1 - Last updated - 2010-05-03 ER - TY - CPAPER T1 - Method for the simultaneous measurement of specific IgGs to five CDC select bioterrorism agents in serum AN - 39920886; 3930410 AU - Biagini, R E AU - Sammons, D L AU - Smith, J P AU - MacKenzie, BA AU - Striley, CA AU - Robertson, SA AU - Snawder, JE AU - Quinn, C P Y1 - 2005/05/25/ PY - 2005 DA - 2005 May 25 KW - CPI, Conference Papers Index KW - U 2000:Biology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/39920886?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Acpi&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=conference&rft.jtitle=&rft.atitle=Method+for+the+simultaneous+measurement+of+specific+IgGs+to+five+CDC+select+bioterrorism+agents+in+serum&rft.au=Biagini%2C+R+E%3BSammons%2C+D+L%3BSmith%2C+J+P%3BMacKenzie%2C+BA%3BStriley%2C+CA%3BRobertson%2C+SA%3BSnawder%2C+JE%3BQuinn%2C+C+P&rft.aulast=Biagini&rft.aufirst=R&rft.date=2005-05-25&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - SuppNotes - Availability: The Society of Toxicology, 1767 Business Center Drive, Suite 302, Resont, VA 20190-5332, USA; phone: 703-438-3115; fax: 703-438-3113; URL: http://www.toxicology.org N1 - Last updated - 2010-05-03 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - The CDC traumatic brain injury surveillance system: characteristics of persons aged 65 years and older hospitalized with a TBI. AN - 85385107; pmid-15908822 AB - To examine the epidemiologic and clinical characteristics of older persons (ie, those aged 65-74, 75-84, and > or = 85 years) hospitalized with traumatic brain injury (TBI).Data from the 1999 CDC 15-state TBI surveillance system were analyzed.In 1999, there were 17,657 persons 65 years and older hospitalized with TBI in the 15 states for an age-adjusted rate of 155.9 per 100,000 population. Rates among persons aged 65 years or older increased with age and were higher for males. Most TBIs resulted from fall- or motor vehicle (MV)-traffic-related incidents. Most older persons with TBI had an initial TBI severity of mild (73.4%); however, the proportions of both moderate and severe disability for those discharged alive and of in-hospital mortality were relatively high (23.5%, 9.7%, and 12%, respectively). Persons who fell were also more likely to have had 3 or more comorbid conditions than were those who sustained a TBI from an MV-traffic incident.TBI is a substantial public health problem among older persons. As the population of older persons continues to increase in the United States, the need to design and implement proven and cost-effective prevention measures that focus on the leading causes of TBI (unintentional falls and MV-traffic incidents) becomes more urgent. JF - The Journal of head trauma rehabilitation AU - Coronado, Victor G AU - Thomas, Karen E AU - Sattin, Richard W AU - Johnson, Renee L AD - National Center for Injury Prevention and Control, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA, USA. VGC1@cdc.gov Y1 - 2005/05// PY - 2005 DA - May 2005 SP - 215 EP - 228 VL - 20 IS - 3 SN - 0885-9701, 0885-9701 KW - Index Medicus KW - National Library of Medicine KW - Accidental Falls: statistics & numerical data KW - Accidents, Traffic: statistics & numerical data KW - Age Distribution KW - Aged KW - Aged, 80 and over KW - Alcohol Drinking: epidemiology KW - *Brain Injuries: epidemiology KW - *Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (U.S.) KW - Comorbidity KW - Female KW - *Hospitalization: statistics & numerical data KW - Humans KW - Intracranial Hemorrhage, Traumatic: epidemiology KW - Intracranial Hemorrhage, Traumatic: etiology KW - Male KW - *Population Surveillance KW - Protective Devices: utilization KW - Severity of Illness Index KW - Sex Distribution KW - United States: epidemiology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/85385107?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Acomdisdome&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Journal+of+head+trauma+rehabilitation&rft.atitle=The+CDC+traumatic+brain+injury+surveillance+system%3A+characteristics+of+persons+aged+65+years+and+older+hospitalized+with+a+TBI.&rft.au=Coronado%2C+Victor+G%3BThomas%2C+Karen+E%3BSattin%2C+Richard+W%3BJohnson%2C+Renee+L&rft.aulast=Coronado&rft.aufirst=Victor&rft.date=2005-05-01&rft.volume=20&rft.issue=3&rft.spage=215&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=The+Journal+of+head+trauma+rehabilitation&rft.issn=08859701&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English (eng) DB - ComDisDome N1 - Date revised - 2011-12-15 N1 - Last updated - 2012-07-13 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - The incidence of traumatic brain injury among children in the United States: differences by race. AN - 85382651; pmid-15908823 AB - This report summarizes the epidemiology of traumatic brain injury (TBI) deaths, hospitalizations, and emergency department (ED) visits by race among children aged 0-14 years in the United States. Few other studies have reported the incidence of TBI in this population by race.Data from 3 nationally representative sources maintained by the National Center for Health Statistics were used to report the annual numbers and rates of TBI-related deaths, hospitalizations, and ED visits during 1995-2001 by race, age, and external cause of injury.An estimated 475,000 TBIs occurred among children aged 0-14 each year. Rates were highest among children aged 0-4. For children aged 0-9 years, both death and hospitalization rates were significantly higher for blacks than whites for motor vehicle-traffic-related TBIs.With nearly half a million children affected each year, TBI is a serious public health problem. Variation in rates by race suggest the need to more closely examine the factors that contribute to these differences, such as the external causes of the injury and associated modifiable factors (e.g., the use of seatbelts and child safety seats). JF - The Journal of head trauma rehabilitation AU - Langlois, Jean A AU - Rutland-Brown, Wesley AU - Thomas, Karen E AD - National Center for Injury Prevention and Control, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA, USA. JAL7@cdc.gov Y1 - 2005/05// PY - 2005 DA - May 2005 SP - 229 EP - 238 VL - 20 IS - 3 SN - 0885-9701, 0885-9701 KW - Index Medicus KW - National Library of Medicine KW - Accidents, Traffic: mortality KW - Accidents, Traffic: statistics & numerical data KW - Adolescent KW - *African Continental Ancestry Group: statistics & numerical data KW - Age Distribution KW - *Brain Injuries: ethnology KW - Child KW - Child, Preschool KW - Emergency Service, Hospital: utilization KW - *European Continental Ancestry Group: statistics & numerical data KW - Hospitalization: statistics & numerical data KW - Humans KW - Incidence KW - Infant KW - Infant, Newborn KW - United States: epidemiology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/85382651?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Acomdisdome&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Journal+of+head+trauma+rehabilitation&rft.atitle=The+incidence+of+traumatic+brain+injury+among+children+in+the+United+States%3A+differences+by+race.&rft.au=Langlois%2C+Jean+A%3BRutland-Brown%2C+Wesley%3BThomas%2C+Karen+E&rft.aulast=Langlois&rft.aufirst=Jean&rft.date=2005-05-01&rft.volume=20&rft.issue=3&rft.spage=229&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=The+Journal+of+head+trauma+rehabilitation&rft.issn=08859701&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English (eng) DB - ComDisDome N1 - Date revised - 2011-12-15 N1 - Last updated - 2012-07-13 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Tracking the silent epidemic and educating the public: CDC's traumatic brain injury-associated activities under the TBI Act of 1996 and the Children's Health Act of 2000. AN - 85380436; pmid-15908820 AB - The Traumatic Brain Injury Act of 1996 and the Children's Health Act of 2000 authorized the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention to conduct several activities associated with traumatic brain injury. This article describes how the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention responded to the legislation in 2 key areas: traumatic brain injury surveillance, and education and awareness. JF - The Journal of head trauma rehabilitation AU - Langlois, Jean A AU - Marr, Angela AU - Mitchko, Jane AU - Johnson, Renee L AD - National Center for Injury Prevention and Control, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA, USA. JAL7@cdc.gov Y1 - 2005/05// PY - 2005 DA - May 2005 SP - 196 EP - 204 VL - 20 IS - 3 SN - 0885-9701, 0885-9701 KW - Index Medicus KW - National Library of Medicine KW - *Brain Injuries: epidemiology KW - Brain Injuries: prevention & control KW - Brain Injuries: rehabilitation KW - *Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (U.S.) KW - Child KW - *Child Welfare: legislation & jurisprudence KW - *Health Education KW - Humans KW - *Population Surveillance KW - United States: epidemiology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/85380436?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Acomdisdome&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Journal+of+head+trauma+rehabilitation&rft.atitle=Tracking+the+silent+epidemic+and+educating+the+public%3A+CDC%27s+traumatic+brain+injury-associated+activities+under+the+TBI+Act+of+1996+and+the+Children%27s+Health+Act+of+2000.&rft.au=Langlois%2C+Jean+A%3BMarr%2C+Angela%3BMitchko%2C+Jane%3BJohnson%2C+Renee+L&rft.aulast=Langlois&rft.aufirst=Jean&rft.date=2005-05-01&rft.volume=20&rft.issue=3&rft.spage=196&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=The+Journal+of+head+trauma+rehabilitation&rft.issn=08859701&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English (eng) DB - ComDisDome N1 - Date revised - 2011-12-15 N1 - Last updated - 2012-07-13 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Traumatic brain injury in the United States: research and programs of the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC). AN - 85380202; pmid-15908818 JF - The Journal of head trauma rehabilitation AU - Langlois, Jean A AU - Sattin, Richard W AD - Issue Editors, National Center for Injury Prevention and Control, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA, USA. Y1 - 2005/05// PY - 2005 DA - May 2005 SP - 187 EP - 188 VL - 20 IS - 3 SN - 0885-9701, 0885-9701 KW - Index Medicus KW - National Library of Medicine KW - Biomedical Research KW - Brain Injuries: epidemiology KW - *Brain Injuries: prevention & control KW - *Brain Injuries: rehabilitation KW - *Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (U.S.) KW - Humans KW - Public Health KW - United States: epidemiology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/85380202?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Acomdisdome&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Journal+of+head+trauma+rehabilitation&rft.atitle=Traumatic+brain+injury+in+the+United+States%3A+research+and+programs+of+the+Centers+for+Disease+Control+and+Prevention+%28CDC%29.&rft.au=Langlois%2C+Jean+A%3BSattin%2C+Richard+W&rft.aulast=Langlois&rft.aufirst=Jean&rft.date=2005-05-01&rft.volume=20&rft.issue=3&rft.spage=187&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=The+Journal+of+head+trauma+rehabilitation&rft.issn=08859701&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English (eng) DB - ComDisDome N1 - Date revised - 2011-12-15 N1 - Last updated - 2012-07-13 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Traumatic brain injury hospitalizations among American Indians/Alaska Natives. AN - 85379333; pmid-15908821 AB - To compare the incidence of nonfatal traumatic brain injury (TBI) hospitalization among American Indians/Alaska Natives (AI/AN) with that of other race groups and to assess alcohol and protective equipment (PE) use among those who sustained TBI related to a motor vehicle (MV) incident.Data were obtained from 13 states funded by the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention to conduct TBI surveillance from 1997 to 1999. Rates by race and by cause were calculated for the 13 states combined. Blood alcohol concentration (BAC) levels and PE use were compared between AI/AN and "other" races in a subgroup of these states.Although not significantly different, AI/AN had the highest overall age-adjusted TBI hospitalization rate (71.5 per 100,000). Rates were significantly higher among AI/AN than among whites for ages 20 to 44 years (78.5 per 100,000 vs 54.7 per 100,000, P or = 0.08 g/dL vs 31.6% > or = 0.08 g/dL, P < .0001) and lower PE use (22.0% vs 40.4%, P < .0001) than the "other" race group.AI/AN have high rates of TBI hospitalization compared with other races. High BAC levels and low use of PE in MV incidents appear to be associated with the higher rates in this population. JF - The Journal of head trauma rehabilitation AU - Rutland-Brown, Wesley AU - Wallace, L J David AU - Faul, Mark D AU - Langlois, Jean A AD - National Center for Injury Prevention and Control, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA, USA. wfr7@cdc.gov Y1 - 2005/05// PY - 2005 DA - May 2005 SP - 205 EP - 214 VL - 20 IS - 3 SN - 0885-9701, 0885-9701 KW - Index Medicus KW - National Library of Medicine KW - Accidental Falls: statistics & numerical data KW - Accidents, Traffic: statistics & numerical data KW - Adolescent KW - Adult KW - Age Distribution KW - Aged KW - Alcohol Drinking: blood KW - *Brain Injuries: epidemiology KW - Central Nervous System Depressants: blood KW - Child KW - Child, Preschool KW - Ethanol: blood KW - *Hospitalization: statistics & numerical data KW - Humans KW - *Indians, North American: statistics & numerical data KW - Infant KW - Infant, Newborn KW - Middle Aged KW - Protective Devices: utilization KW - United States: epidemiology KW - Violence: statistics & numerical data UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/85379333?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Acomdisdome&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Journal+of+head+trauma+rehabilitation&rft.atitle=Traumatic+brain+injury+hospitalizations+among+American+Indians%2FAlaska+Natives.&rft.au=Rutland-Brown%2C+Wesley%3BWallace%2C+L+J+David%3BFaul%2C+Mark+D%3BLanglois%2C+Jean+A&rft.aulast=Rutland-Brown&rft.aufirst=Wesley&rft.date=2005-05-01&rft.volume=20&rft.issue=3&rft.spage=205&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=The+Journal+of+head+trauma+rehabilitation&rft.issn=08859701&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English (eng) DB - ComDisDome N1 - Date revised - 2011-12-15 N1 - Last updated - 2012-07-13 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - An assessment of pregnancy-related mortality in the United States AN - 745932489; 6618936 AB - Deaths from pregnancy complications remain an important public health concern. Nationally, two systems collect information on the number of deaths and characteristics of the women who died from complications of pregnancy. The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention's (CDC) National Center for Health Statistics (NCHS) reports maternal mortality through the National Vital Statistics System (NVSS); CDC National Center for Chronic Disease Prevention and Health Promotion's Pregnancy Mortality Surveillance System (PMSS) conducts epidemiological surveillance of pregnancy-related deaths. The numbers of deaths reported by these two systems have differed over the past two decades; our objective was to determine the magnitude and nature of these differences. For 1995-97, we compared maternal deaths in the NVSS with pregnancy-related deaths in PMSS for the 50 States, Washington DC and New York City. Pregnancy-related deaths whose underlying cause was assigned to ICD-9 codes 630-676 by NVSS were classified as maternal deaths; those coded outside 630-676 were not. There were 1387 pregnancy-related deaths in PMSS and 898 maternal deaths in the NVSS; 54% of these deaths were reported in both systems, 40% in PMSS only, and 6% in NVSS only. Pregnancy-related deaths due to haemorrhage, embolism, and hypertensive complications of pregnancy were proportionately more often identified by NVSS as maternal deaths than those from cardiovascular complications, medical conditions or infection. From the 1471 unduplicated deaths classified as maternal or pregnancy-related from either reporting system, we estimated a combined pregnancy-related mortality ratio of 12.6-100 000 live births for 1995-97, compared with 11.9 for PMSS only and 7.5 for NVSS only. The identification and classification of these events is dependent on the provision of complete and accurate cause-of-death information on death certificates. Changes in the guidelines for coding maternal deaths under ICD-10 may change the relationship in the number of deaths resulting from pregnancy reported by these two systems. JF - Paediatric and Perinatal Epidemiology AU - MacKay, Andrea P AU - Berg, Cynthia J AU - Duran, Catherine AU - Chang, Jeani AU - Rosenberg, Harry AD - Office of Analysis, Epidemiology, and Health Promotion, anm3@cdc.gov Y1 - 2005/05// PY - 2005 DA - May 2005 SP - 206 EP - 214 PB - Blackwell Publishing Ltd., 9600 Garsington Road Oxford OX4 2DQ UK, [URL:http://www.blackwellpublishing.com] VL - 19 IS - 3 SN - 0269-5022, 0269-5022 KW - Risk Abstracts KW - Mortality KW - disease control KW - Pregnancy KW - Public health KW - USA, New York, New York City KW - complications KW - guidelines KW - classification KW - prevention KW - infection KW - health promotion KW - vital statistics KW - Urban areas KW - R2 23060:Medical and environmental health UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/745932489?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Ariskabstracts&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Paediatric+and+Perinatal+Epidemiology&rft.atitle=An+assessment+of+pregnancy-related+mortality+in+the+United+States&rft.au=MacKay%2C+Andrea+P%3BBerg%2C+Cynthia+J%3BDuran%2C+Catherine%3BChang%2C+Jeani%3BRosenberg%2C+Harry&rft.aulast=MacKay&rft.aufirst=Andrea&rft.date=2005-05-01&rft.volume=19&rft.issue=3&rft.spage=206&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Paediatric+and+Perinatal+Epidemiology&rft.issn=02695022&rft_id=info:doi/10.1111%2Fj.1365-3016.2005.00653.x LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2010-07-01 N1 - SuppNotes - Figures, 2; tables, 3; references, 20. N1 - Last updated - 2015-03-31 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Mortality; complications; guidelines; classification; infection; prevention; health promotion; disease control; vital statistics; Urban areas; Public health; Pregnancy; USA, New York, New York City DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-3016.2005.00653.x ER - TY - JOUR T1 - ATSDR's trichloroethylene subregistry methods and results: 1989-2000. AN - 70186949; 17153085 AB - The National Exposure Registry of the Agency for Toxic Substances and Disease Registry (ATSDR) uses standard methods to study human exposure in four chemical subregistries: trichloroethylene (TCE), dioxin, benzene, and trichloroethane. The TCE Subregistry includes a baseline cohort of 4006 white registrants with drinking water exposure in Michigan, Indiana, Illinois, Pennsylvania, and Arizona. Between 3 and 6 follow-ups per site were conducted from 1989 to 2000, after baseline. Standardized morbidity ratios, controlling for age and sex, compared prevalences of 16 general health conditions in the subregistry with aggregated national estimates from the 1989-1994 National Health Interview surveys. Excess cases of dermatologic, hematologic, or hepatic disorders and strokes persisted over the lifetime of the registry. Persistent excess urinary tract disorders are likely caused by a systematic bias. This review of first-generation methods may be used to strengthen future exposure registries. JF - Archives of environmental & occupational health AU - Davis, Stephanie I AU - Laszlo Pallos, L AU - Wu, Jennifer Q AU - Sapp, James H AU - Cusack, Caroline AD - Division of Health Studies, Agency for Toxic Substances and Disease Registry, Atlanta, Georgia, USA. SIDavis@cdc.gov PY - 2005 SP - 130 EP - 139 VL - 60 IS - 3 SN - 1933-8244, 1933-8244 KW - Hazardous Substances KW - 0 KW - Water Pollutants, Chemical KW - Trichloroethylene KW - 290YE8AR51 KW - Abridged Index Medicus KW - Index Medicus KW - United States KW - Humans KW - Infant, Newborn KW - Aged KW - Child KW - Poisson Distribution KW - Age Distribution KW - Child, Preschool KW - Infant KW - Fresh Water KW - Adult KW - Middle Aged KW - Adolescent KW - Sex Distribution KW - Female KW - Male KW - Registries KW - Trichloroethylene -- poisoning KW - Water Supply -- analysis KW - Hazardous Substances -- poisoning KW - Water Pollutants, Chemical -- poisoning UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/70186949?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Archives+of+environmental+%26+occupational+health&rft.atitle=Distribution+of+insecticide-treated+bednets+during+an+integrated+nationwide+immunization+campaign--Togo%2C+West+Africa%2C+December+2004.&rft.au=Centers+for+Disease+Control+and+Prevention+%28CDC%29&rft.aulast=Centers+for+Disease+Control+and+Prevention+%28CDC%29&rft.aufirst=&rft.date=2005-10-07&rft.volume=54&rft.issue=39&rft.spage=994&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=MMWR.+Morbidity+and+mortality+weekly+report&rft.issn=1545-861X&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 2007-01-11 N1 - Date created - 2006-12-08 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - The relationship between blood lead levels and neurobehavioral test performance in NHANES III and related occupational studies. AN - 68538827; 16134563 AB - The goals of this study were two-fold: (1) to assess the relationship between blood lead levels and neurobehavioral test performance in a nationally sample of adults from the third National Health and Nutrition Evaluation Survey and (2) to analyze the results from previously published studies of occupational lead exposure that used the same neurobehavioral tests as those included in the survey. Regression models were used to test and estimate the relationships between measurements of blood lead and performance on a simple reaction time, a symbol-digit substitution, and a serial digit learning test in adults aged 20-59 years who participated the survey. Mixed models were used to analyze the data from the occupational studies. The blood lead levels of those participating in the survey ranged from 0.7 to 41.8 microg/dl. The estimated geometric mean was 2.51 microg/dl, and the estimated arithmetic mean was 3.30 microg/dl. In the survey, no statistically significant relationships were found between blood lead concentration and performance on the three neurobehavioral tests when adjusted for covariates. In the occupational studies, the groups exposed to lead consistently performed worse than control groups on the simple reaction time and digit-symbol substitution tests. The results from the survey and the occupational studies do not provide evidence for impairment of neurobehavioral test performance at levels below 25 microg/dl, the concentration that the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention define as elevated in adults. The average blood lead level of the exposed groups in the occupational studies was 41.07 microg/dl, less than 50 microg/dl, the minimum concentration that the Occupational Safety and Health Administration requires for medical removal from the workplace. Given the evidence of impaired neurobehavioral performance in these groups, the 50 microg/dl limit should be reevaluated. JF - Public health reports (Washington, D.C. : 1974) AU - Krieg, Edward F AU - Chrislip, David W AU - Crespo, Carlos J AU - Brightwell, W Stephen AU - Ehrenberg, Richard L AU - Otto, David A AD - Division of Applied Research and Technology, National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, Cincinnati, OH 45226, USA. erk3@cdc.gov PY - 2005 SP - 240 EP - 251 VL - 120 IS - 3 SN - 0033-3549, 0033-3549 KW - Lead KW - 2P299V784P KW - Abridged Index Medicus KW - Index Medicus KW - United States KW - Mental Processes KW - Humans KW - Adult KW - Middle Aged KW - Male KW - Female KW - Reaction Time KW - Lead Poisoning, Nervous System, Adult -- blood KW - Nervous System Diseases -- etiology KW - Lead Poisoning, Nervous System, Adult -- physiopathology KW - Occupational Exposure -- adverse effects KW - Lead Poisoning, Nervous System, Adult -- complications KW - Nutrition Surveys KW - Neuropsychological Tests KW - Nervous System Diseases -- diagnosis KW - Lead -- blood UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/68538827?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Public+health+reports+%28Washington%2C+D.C.+%3A+1974%29&rft.atitle=The+relationship+between+blood+lead+levels+and+neurobehavioral+test+performance+in+NHANES+III+and+related+occupational+studies.&rft.au=Krieg%2C+Edward+F%3BChrislip%2C+David+W%3BCrespo%2C+Carlos+J%3BBrightwell%2C+W+Stephen%3BEhrenberg%2C+Richard+L%3BOtto%2C+David+A&rft.aulast=Krieg&rft.aufirst=Edward&rft.date=2005-05-01&rft.volume=120&rft.issue=3&rft.spage=240&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Public+health+reports+%28Washington%2C+D.C.+%3A+1974%29&rft.issn=00333549&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 2005-09-15 N1 - Date created - 2005-09-01 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - SuppNotes - Cited By: Am J Ind Med. 2000 Feb;37(2):193-204 [10615100] Neurotoxicology. 1997;18(3):793-803 [9339826] Neurotoxicology. 2000 Oct;21(5):703-14 [11130274] Neurotoxicology. 2000 Oct;21(5):805-11 [11130286] Am J Epidemiol. 2001 Mar 1;153(5):453-64 [11226977] G Ital Med Lav Ergon. 2000 Oct-Dec;22(4):299-304 [11284152] Public Health Rep. 2000 Nov-Dec;115(6):521-9 [11354334] Neurotoxicol Teratol. 2001 Nov-Dec;23(6):569-89 [11792526] Int Arch Occup Environ Health. 2002 Aug;75(6):394-8 [12070635] Int Arch Occup Environ Health. 1978 Jul 14;41(4):217-36 [355147] J Occup Med. 1978 Oct;20(10):683-9 [722355] Scand J Work Environ Health. 1978 Dec;4(4):295-303 [734390] Am J Ind Med. 1980;1(3-4):421-6 [7342780] Br J Ind Med. 1983 Feb;40(1):99-105 [6824607] Int Arch Occup Environ Health. 1984;53(3):233-46 [6706419] Br J Ind Med. 1984 Aug;41(3):352-61 [6743583] Am J Epidemiol. 1986 Feb;123(2):261-9 [3946375] Br J Ind Med. 1986 Jun;43(6):374-80 [3718881] Am J Ind Med. 1986;9(6):535-42 [3017104] Br J Ind Med. 1986 Sep;43(9):626-9 [3756115] Int J Neurosci. 1987 Sep;36(1-2):29-39 [3654090] Crit Rev Toxicol. 1990;20(4):237-55 [2178626] Zhonghua Yu Fang Yi Xue Za Zhi. 1991 Sep;25(5):272-4 [1773668] JAMA. 1994 Jul 27;272(4):284-91 [8028141] Zhonghua Yu Fang Yi Xue Za Zhi. 1994 Sep;28(5):281-3 [7842892] Occup Environ Med. 1995 Jan;52(1):2-12 [7697135] Am J Ind Med. 1995 Feb;27(2):231-46 [7755013] Biomed Environ Sci. 1995 Mar;8(1):23-9 [7605596] Occup Environ Med. 1995 Jun;52(6):408-14 [7627319] Neurology. 1997 Mar;48(3):639-45 [9065540] J Occup Environ Med. 1997 May;39(5):426-31 [9172087] Arch Toxicol. 2000 Jan;73(10-11):510-8 [10663381] N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Aging, stress and the hippocampus. AN - 68451335; 15964248 AB - Functional loss often occurs in many body systems (e.g., endocrine, cognitive, motor) with the passage of years, but there is great individual variation in the degree of compromise shown. The current focus on brain aging will continue because demographic trends indicate that the average lifespan will show a continued increase. There is increasing emphasis on understanding how aging contributes to a decline in brain functions, cognition being a prime example. This is due in part to the fact that dementias and other losses in brain function that sometimes accompany aging cause an obvious decline in the quality of life and these deficits are of more concern as the number of elderly increase. Stress also is a ubiquitous aspect of life and there is now a greater interest in understanding the role of stress and the stress response in brain aging. The key role of the hippocampus and its related brain structures in cognition, as well as in the feedback control of the response to stress, have made this brain area a logical focus of investigation for those interested in the impact of stress on brain aging. Here, we describe how the hippocampus changes with age and we examine the idea that age-related changes in the secretion patterns of the hypothalamic-pituitary adrenal (HPA) axis can contribute to aging of this structure. We also examine the proposal that stress, perhaps due to compromised HPA axis function, can contribute to hippocampal aging through exposure to excessive levels of glucocorticoids. The aging hippocampus does not appear to suffer a generalized loss of cells or synapses, although atrophy of the structure may occur in humans. Thus, age-related cognitive impairments are likely related to other neurobiological alterations that could include changes in the signaling, information encoding, plasticity, electrophysiological or neurochemical properties of neurons or glia. Although excessive levels of glucocorticoids are able to interfere with cognition, as well as hippocampal neuronal integrity, and aging is sometimes accompanied by an increase in these steroids because of inadequate feedback control of the HPA axis, none of these are a foregone consequence of aging. The general preservation of cells and the plastic potential of the hippocampus provide a focus for the development of pharmacological, nutritive or lifestyle strategies to combat age-related declines in the hippocampus as well as other brain areas. JF - Ageing research reviews AU - Miller, D B AU - O'Callaghan, J P AD - Chronic Stress and Neurotoxicology Laboratories, TMBB-HELD, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health-CDC-NIOSH, Morgantown, WV 26505, USA. dum6@cdc.gov Y1 - 2005/05// PY - 2005 DA - May 2005 SP - 123 EP - 140 VL - 4 IS - 2 SN - 1568-1637, 1568-1637 KW - Index Medicus KW - Animals KW - Humans KW - Aging -- physiology KW - Stress, Physiological -- pathology KW - Hippocampus -- physiopathology KW - Aging -- pathology KW - Hippocampus -- pathology KW - Stress, Physiological -- physiopathology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/68451335?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Ageing+research+reviews&rft.atitle=Aging%2C+stress+and+the+hippocampus.&rft.au=Miller%2C+D+B%3BO%27Callaghan%2C+J+P&rft.aulast=Miller&rft.aufirst=D&rft.date=2005-05-01&rft.volume=4&rft.issue=2&rft.spage=123&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Ageing+research+reviews&rft.issn=15681637&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 2005-12-05 N1 - Date created - 2005-08-08 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Injuries and illnesses treated at the World Trade Center, 14 September-20 November 2001. AN - 68035043; 16018506 AB - In response to the 11 September 2001 terrorist attacks on the World Trade Center (WTC), the United States Public Health Service (USPHS) deployed Disaster Medical Assistance Teams (DMATs) and the Commissioned Corps to provide on-site, primary medical care to anyone who presented. Patients included rescue and recovery workers, other responders, and some members of the general public. A descriptive analysis of WTC-USPHS patient records was conducted in order to better understand the short-term impact of the WTC site on the safety and health of individuals who were at or near the site from 14 September-20 November 2001. The Patient Treatment Record forms that were completed for each patient visit to these USPHS stations over the 10-week deployment period were reviewed. Patient visits numbered 9,349, with visits peaking during Week 2 (21-27 September). More than one-quarter of the visits were due to traumatic injuries not including eye injuries (n = 2,716; 29%). Respiratory problems comprised more than one-fifth of the complaints (n = 2,011; 22%). Eye problems were the third most frequent complaint (n = 1,120; 12%). With respect to the triage class, the majority of visits fell into the lowest category of severity (n = 6,237; 67%). USPHS visits probably were skewed to milder complaints when compared to analyses of employer medical department reports or hospital cases; however, given the close proximity of the USPHS stations to the damage, analysis of the USPHS forms provides a more complete picture of the safety and health impact on those who were at or near the WTC site. JF - Prehospital and disaster medicine AU - Perritt, Kara R AU - Boal, Winifred L AU - Helix Group Inc AD - Division of Safety Research, National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, 1095 Willowdale Road, M/S 1808 Morgantown, WV 26505, USA. kperritt@cdc.gov ; Helix Group Inc PY - 2005 SP - 177 EP - 183 VL - 20 IS - 3 SN - 1049-023X, 1049-023X KW - Health technology assessment KW - United States KW - United States Public Health Service -- statistics & numerical data KW - Humans KW - Aged KW - Age Distribution KW - New York City -- epidemiology KW - Adult KW - Incidence KW - Middle Aged KW - Adolescent KW - Sex Distribution KW - Female KW - Male KW - Environmental Illness -- epidemiology KW - Wounds and Injuries -- epidemiology KW - Wounds and Injuries -- classification KW - September 11 Terrorist Attacks -- statistics & numerical data KW - Rescue Work -- statistics & numerical data KW - Environmental Illness -- classification KW - Occupational Diseases -- epidemiology KW - Occupational Diseases -- classification KW - Emergency Medical Services -- statistics & numerical data UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/68035043?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Prehospital+and+disaster+medicine&rft.atitle=Injuries+and+illnesses+treated+at+the+World+Trade+Center%2C+14+September-20+November+2001.&rft.au=Perritt%2C+Kara+R%3BBoal%2C+Winifred+L%3BHelix+Group+Inc&rft.aulast=Perritt&rft.aufirst=Kara&rft.date=2005-05-01&rft.volume=20&rft.issue=3&rft.spage=177&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Prehospital+and+disaster+medicine&rft.issn=1049023X&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 2005-10-07 N1 - Date created - 2005-07-15 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Struck-by-lightning deaths in the United States. AN - 67939042; 15957322 AB - The objective of the research reported here was to examine the epidemiologic characteristics of struck-by-lightning deaths. Using data from both the National Centers for Health Statistics (NCHS) multiple-cause-of-death tapes and the Census of Fatal Occupational Injuries (CFOI), which is maintained by the Bureau of Labor Statistics, the authors calculated numbers and annualized rates of lightning-related deaths for the United States. They used resident estimates from population microdata files maintained by the Census Bureau as the denominators. Work-related fatality rates were calculated with denominators derived from the Current Population Survey of employment data. Four illustrative investigative case reports of lightning-related deaths were contributed by the New Mexico Office of the Medical Investigator. It was found that a total of 374 struck-by-lightning deaths had occurred during 1995-2000 (an average annualized rate of 0.23 deaths per million persons). The majority of deaths (286 deaths, 75 percent) were from the South and the Midwest. The numbers of lightning deaths were highest in Florida (49 deaths) and Texas (32 deaths). A total of 129 work-related lightning deaths occurred during 1995-2002 (an average annual rate of 0.12 deaths per million workers). Agriculture and construction industries recorded the most fatalities at 44 and 39 deaths, respectively. Fatal occupational injuries resulting from being struck by lightning were highest in Florida (21 deaths) and Texas (11 deaths). In the two national surveillance systems examined, incidence rates were higher for males and people 20-44 years of age. In conclusion, three of every four struck-by-lightning deaths were from the South and the Midwest, and during 1995-2002, one of every four struck-by-lightning deaths was work-related. Although prevention programs could target the entire nation, interventions might be most effective if directed to regions with the majority of fatalities because they have the majority of lightning strikes per year. JF - Journal of environmental health AU - Adekoya, Nelson AU - Nolte, Kurt B AD - Research Scientist, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA 30341, USA. nba7@cdc.gov Y1 - 2005/05// PY - 2005 DA - May 2005 SP - 45 EP - 50, 58 VL - 67 IS - 9 SN - 0022-0892, 0022-0892 KW - Index Medicus KW - Infant KW - Humans KW - Adult KW - Infant, Newborn KW - Middle Aged KW - Child KW - Adolescent KW - Male KW - Female KW - Cause of Death KW - Child, Preschool KW - Lightning KW - Accidents -- mortality KW - Accidents, Occupational KW - Lightning Injuries -- mortality UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/67939042?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+environmental+health&rft.atitle=Struck-by-lightning+deaths+in+the+United+States.&rft.au=Adekoya%2C+Nelson%3BNolte%2C+Kurt+B&rft.aulast=Adekoya&rft.aufirst=Nelson&rft.date=2005-05-01&rft.volume=67&rft.issue=9&rft.spage=45&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+environmental+health&rft.issn=00220892&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 2005-09-23 N1 - Date created - 2005-06-16 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Glial fibrillary acidic protein and related glial proteins as biomarkers of neurotoxicity. AN - 67899139; 15934851 AB - A variety of '-omic' technologies are being increasingly applied in preclinical safety assessments. Such approaches, however, have not been implemented in neurotoxicity safety evaluations. Current regulatory guidelines for assessing neurotoxicity emphasise reliance on traditional histopathological stains and behavioural testing batteries. Although these methods may be sufficient to detect some neurotoxic effects, they lack both the sensitivity and specificity required for broad-scale neurotoxicity screening. The glial reaction to nervous system damage, often termed gliosis, represents a hallmark of all types of nervous system injury. As such, the development and implementation of gliosis biomarkers represents a broadly applicable approach for neurotoxicity safety assessment. Using a panel of known neurotoxic agents, the authors have shown that the astroglial protein, glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP), can serve as one such biomarker of neurotoxicity. Qualitative and quantitative analysis of GFAP has shown this biomarker to be a sensitive and specific indicator of the neurotoxic condition. The implementation of GFAP and related glial biomarkers in neurotoxicity screens may serve as the basis for further development of molecular signatures predictive of adverse effects on the nervous system. JF - Expert opinion on drug safety AU - O'Callaghan, James P AU - Sriram, Krishnan AD - National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Morgantown, WV 26505, USA. jdo5@cdc.gov Y1 - 2005/05// PY - 2005 DA - May 2005 SP - 433 EP - 442 VL - 4 IS - 3 KW - Biomarkers KW - 0 KW - Glial Fibrillary Acidic Protein KW - Index Medicus KW - Sensitivity and Specificity KW - Humans KW - Drug-Related Side Effects and Adverse Reactions KW - Safety KW - Toxicity Tests KW - Gliosis -- chemically induced KW - Drug Evaluation, Preclinical -- methods KW - Biomarkers -- analysis KW - Nervous System -- drug effects KW - Glial Fibrillary Acidic Protein -- analysis UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/67899139?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Expert+opinion+on+drug+safety&rft.atitle=Glial+fibrillary+acidic+protein+and+related+glial+proteins+as+biomarkers+of+neurotoxicity.&rft.au=O%27Callaghan%2C+James+P%3BSriram%2C+Krishnan&rft.aulast=O%27Callaghan&rft.aufirst=James&rft.date=2005-05-01&rft.volume=4&rft.issue=3&rft.spage=433&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Expert+opinion+on+drug+safety&rft.issn=1744-764X&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 2006-02-14 N1 - Date created - 2005-06-06 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Community Partners for Healthy Farming Intervention Research. AN - 67889416; 15931945 AB - The purpose of the Community Partners for Healthy Farming Intervention Research (CPHF-IR) program is to implement and evaluate existing or new interventions for reduction of agriculture-related injuries, hazards, and illnesses. Objectives include the development of active partnerships between experienced researchers, communities, workers, managers, agricultural organizations, agribusinesses, and other stakeholders. Specific intervention projects were selected by the competitive review process in response to a request for proposals. The second series of projects (funded 2000-2003) targeted: improved ergonomics for handling grapes (CA) and for small-scale berry growers (WI, IA, MI, MN), engineering controls (KY, VA, SC) and training (IN) related to tractors, private-sector financial incentives for safety (IA, NE), and reducing eye injuries in Latino farmworkers (IL, MI, FL). Partners have provided their unique resources for accessing the target population, planning, implementation, dissemination, and evaluation. They have produced useful engineering controls, educational and motivational tools, and helped build infrastructure for promoting agricultural health as essential to sustainable agriculture. Additional outcomes have included: increased interest among participants in collaborating in further research, the feasibility of Latino lay health advisors as active partners in research, and the value of process evaluation of a partnership to enhance intervention sustainability. NIOSH is utilizing the model created for Simple Solutions: Ergonomics for Farm Workers, a document related to earlier CPHF-IR projects, for a comparable document for construction in both English and Spanish. This program has confirmed that such partnerships can produce not only sustainable interventions but also products and models with the potential to expand farther geographically than originally anticipated and even into other sectors, e.g., for primary prevention among healthcare workers and adolescents, and to introduce public health in social studies and language classes. JF - Journal of agricultural safety and health AU - Ehlers, J AU - Palermo, T AD - Division of Surveillance, Health Hazard Evaluations, and Field Studies, Centers of Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH), 3676 Columbia Parkway, Cincinnati, OH 45226, USA. jehlers@cdc.gov Y1 - 2005/05// PY - 2005 DA - May 2005 SP - 193 EP - 203 VL - 11 IS - 2 SN - 1074-7583, 1074-7583 KW - Index Medicus KW - United States KW - Animals KW - Human Engineering KW - Humans KW - Vitis KW - Research KW - Agriculture KW - Agricultural Workers' Diseases -- prevention & control KW - Community-Institutional Relations KW - Safety Management KW - Health Promotion UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/67889416?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+agricultural+safety+and+health&rft.atitle=Community+Partners+for+Healthy+Farming+Intervention+Research.&rft.au=Ehlers%2C+J%3BPalermo%2C+T&rft.aulast=Ehlers&rft.aufirst=J&rft.date=2005-05-01&rft.volume=11&rft.issue=2&rft.spage=193&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+agricultural+safety+and+health&rft.issn=10747583&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 2005-07-27 N1 - Date created - 2005-06-03 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Are noroviruses emerging? AN - 67833662; 15898170 JF - Emerging infectious diseases AU - Widdowson, Marc-Alain AU - Monroe, Stephan S AU - Glass, Roger I AD - Respiratory and Enteric Viruses Branch, Division of Viral and Rickettsial Diseases, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia 30333, USA. zux5@cdc.gov Y1 - 2005/05// PY - 2005 DA - May 2005 SP - 735 EP - 737 VL - 11 IS - 5 SN - 1080-6040, 1080-6040 KW - Index Medicus KW - Food Microbiology KW - Communicable Diseases, Emerging KW - Humans KW - Disease Outbreaks KW - Water Microbiology KW - Caliciviridae Infections -- virology KW - Gastroenteritis -- virology KW - Caliciviridae Infections -- epidemiology KW - Norovirus -- isolation & purification UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/67833662?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Emerging+infectious+diseases&rft.atitle=Are+noroviruses+emerging%3F&rft.au=Widdowson%2C+Marc-Alain%3BMonroe%2C+Stephan+S%3BGlass%2C+Roger+I&rft.aulast=Widdowson&rft.aufirst=Marc-Alain&rft.date=2005-05-01&rft.volume=11&rft.issue=5&rft.spage=735&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Emerging+infectious+diseases&rft.issn=10806040&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 2005-06-16 N1 - Date created - 2005-05-17 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - SuppNotes - Cited By: Emerg Infect Dis. 2005 Jan;11(1):95-102 [15705329] PLoS Biol. 2004 Dec;2(12):e432 [15562321] Emerg Infect Dis. 1999 Sep-Oct;5(5):607-25 [10511517] J Clin Microbiol. 1999 Sep;37(9):3055-8 [10449507] J Infect Dis. 1999 Jun;179(6):1334-44 [10228052] Can J Public Health. 1999 Jan-Feb;90(1):37-40 [10910564] Arch Virol. 1998;143(6):1215-21 [9687878] Clin Infect Dis. 2004 Aug 1;39(3):318-24 [15306997] JAMA. 1994 Nov 2;272(17):1349-53 [7933395] Am J Epidemiol. 1988 Oct;128(4):839-44 [3048087] Emerg Infect Dis. 2000 Jan-Feb;6(1):36-41 [10653567] MMWR CDC Surveill Summ. 2000 Mar 17;49(1):1-62 [10789699] J Med Virol. 2000 Sep;62(1):99-103 [10935995] Am J Epidemiol. 2001 Oct 1;154(7):666-74 [11581101] J Infect Dis. 2002 Jan 15;185(2):133-46 [11807686] MMWR Morb Mortal Wkly Rep. 2002 Jun 7;51(22):477-9 [12064451] MMWR Morb Mortal Wkly Rep. 2003 Jan 24;52(3):41-5 [12570319] Science. 2003 Mar 7;299(5612):1575-8 [12624267] Am J Prev Med. 2003 Apr;24(3):227-33 [12657340] Am J Transplant. 2003 Jun;3(6):764-8 [12780570] Epidemiol Infect. 2003 Aug;131(1):727-36 [12948373] Lancet. 2004 Feb 28;363(9410):682-8 [15001325] MMWR Morb Mortal Wkly Rep. 2004 Apr 30;53(16):338-43 [15123986] Emerg Infect Dis. 2005 Jan;11(1):154-8 [15705344] J Med Virol. 2005 May;76(1):119-28 [15779045] J Infect Dis. 2004 Jul 1;190(1):27-36 [15195240] N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - High-resolution CT in silicosis: correlation with radiographic findings and functional impairment. AN - 67824202; 15891506 AB - To assess high-resolution computed tomography (HRCT) findings in silicosis and to better define the role of HRCT in early detection of parenchymal abnormalities in silica-exposed workers. Forty-one stone carvers were evaluated with chest radiographs (CR), HRCT, and pulmonary function tests (PFT). Inter-reader agreement was calculated using the kappa statistic (k). Correlation between radiographic and HRCT profusion scores and PFT was assessed using the Spearman correlation coefficient. The most common HRCT findings were branching centrilobular structures, seen in 28/41 workers (68.3%). Nodules consistent with silicosis were detected in 53.7% workers on CR and in 56.1% workers on HRCT. Inter-reader agreement for diagnosis of silicosis was better on HRCT (k = 0.84) than on CR (k = 0.54). Small opacity profusion on HRCT correlated inversely with total lung capacity and FVC%. Profusion of opacities on HRCT correlates with functional impairment. The presence of branching centrilobular structures may be helpful in early recognition of silicosis. JF - Journal of computer assisted tomography AU - Antao, Vinicius Cavalcanti dos Santos AU - Pinheiro, Germania Araujo AU - Terra-Filho, Mário AU - Kavakama, Jorge AU - Müller, Nestor L AD - Pulmonary Division, Heart Institute (InCor), HC, University of São Paulo Medical School, São Paulo, SP, Brazil. VAntao@cdc.gov PY - 2005 SP - 350 EP - 356 VL - 29 IS - 3 SN - 0363-8715, 0363-8715 KW - Index Medicus KW - Respiratory Function Tests KW - Humans KW - Adult KW - Male KW - Female KW - Silicosis -- diagnostic imaging KW - Occupational Diseases -- diagnostic imaging KW - Tomography, X-Ray Computed KW - Occupational Diseases -- physiopathology KW - Silicosis -- physiopathology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/67824202?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+computer+assisted+tomography&rft.atitle=High-resolution+CT+in+silicosis%3A+correlation+with+radiographic+findings+and+functional+impairment.&rft.au=Antao%2C+Vinicius+Cavalcanti+dos+Santos%3BPinheiro%2C+Germania+Araujo%3BTerra-Filho%2C+M%C3%A1rio%3BKavakama%2C+Jorge%3BM%C3%BCller%2C+Nestor+L&rft.aulast=Antao&rft.aufirst=Vinicius+Cavalcanti+dos&rft.date=2005-05-01&rft.volume=29&rft.issue=3&rft.spage=350&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+computer+assisted+tomography&rft.issn=03638715&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 2005-06-28 N1 - Date created - 2005-05-13 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Identification and elimination of polysiloxane curing agent interference encountered in the quantification of low-picogram per milliliter methyl tert-butyl ether in blood by solid-phase microextraction headspace analysis. AN - 67789771; 15859611 AB - Widespread use of the gasoline additive methyl tert-butyl ether (MTBE) and the subsequent human exposure that follows have led to the need to quantify MTBE in a variety of complex biological matrixes. In this work, we demonstrate our latest MTBE quantification assay for whole blood and uncover previously unidentified contamination sources that prevented routine quantification in the low picogram per milliliter (parts per trillion, ppt) range despite a sensitive and selective analytical approach. The most significant and unexpected sources of contamination were found in reagents and laboratory materials most relevant to sample preparation and quantification. In particular, significant levels of MTBE were identified in sample vial septa that use poly(dimethylsiloxane) (PDMS)-based polymers synthesized with peroxide curing agents having tert-butyl side groups. We propose that MTBE is one of the byproducts of these curing agents, which cross-link PDMS via the methyl side groups. Residual MTBE levels of approximately 20 microg/septa are seen in septa whose formulations use these curing agents. Fortunately, these levels can be significantly reduced (i.e., <0.2 ng/septa) by additional processing. Performance achieved with this sample preparation approach is demonstrated using a mass spectrometry-based method to quantify blood MTBE levels in the low-ppt range. JF - Analytical chemistry AU - Chambers, David M AU - McElprang, David O AU - Mauldin, Joshua P AU - Hughes, Timothy M AU - Blount, Benjamin C AD - Division of Laboratory Sciences, National Center for Environmental Health, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia 30341, USA. mzz7@cdc.gov Y1 - 2005/05/01/ PY - 2005 DA - 2005 May 01 SP - 2912 EP - 2919 VL - 77 IS - 9 SN - 0003-2700, 0003-2700 KW - Air Pollutants KW - 0 KW - Methyl Ethers KW - Siloxanes KW - methyl tert-butyl ether KW - 29I4YB3S89 KW - Index Medicus KW - Sensitivity and Specificity KW - Environmental Monitoring KW - Humans KW - Methyl Ethers -- blood KW - Blood Chemical Analysis -- methods KW - Solid Phase Microextraction -- methods KW - Siloxanes -- isolation & purification KW - Air Pollutants -- blood KW - Siloxanes -- chemistry UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/67789771?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Analytical+chemistry&rft.atitle=Identification+and+elimination+of+polysiloxane+curing+agent+interference+encountered+in+the+quantification+of+low-picogram+per+milliliter+methyl+tert-butyl+ether+in+blood+by+solid-phase+microextraction+headspace+analysis.&rft.au=Chambers%2C+David+M%3BMcElprang%2C+David+O%3BMauldin%2C+Joshua+P%3BHughes%2C+Timothy+M%3BBlount%2C+Benjamin+C&rft.aulast=Chambers&rft.aufirst=David&rft.date=2005-05-01&rft.volume=77&rft.issue=9&rft.spage=2912&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Analytical+chemistry&rft.issn=00032700&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 2007-02-06 N1 - Date created - 2005-04-29 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Morbidity and mortality from hazardous materials events in the personal services industry, 1993-2001: a follow-up report from the Hazardous Substances Emergency Events Surveillance (HSEES) system. AN - 67766026; 15828069 AB - An estimated 8% of acute hazardous materials (HazMat) events that occur annually in the United States involve victims. Little information is available in the literature pinpointing which industries are associated with these acute events. Data from the Agency for Toxic Substances and Disease Registry's Hazardous Substances Emergency Events Surveillance (HSEES) system were analyzed to determine which industry categories had the highest proportion of events with victims. These data were collected from 17 state health departments that participated in the HSEES system from 1993 through 2001. During 1993 through 2001, 53,142 HazMat events occurred, of which 51,989 involved actual releases. Of these events with actual releases, 4,324 (8.3%) involved victims. Of the 14 major industrial categories analyzed, personal services-with 1,311 total events, including 468 with victims-had the highest major industrial category proportion of events with victims (35.7%). This high proportion of events with victims was associated mainly with the following three personal services subcategories: private households; laundry, cleaning, and garment services; and hotels and motels. Most of the victims injured in personal services events involved members of the general public. The most frequently reported symptom was respiratory irritation. The causal factors leading to most releases were operator error, followed by deliberate/illegal damage. Targeting the personal services industries with appropriate prevention strategies may be an effective way to help begin reducing the high proportion of events with victims in this category. JF - American journal of industrial medicine AU - Horton, D Kevin AU - Berkowitz, Zahava AU - Kaye, Wendy E AD - Agency for Toxic Substances and Disease Registry, Division of Health Studies/Epidemiology and Surveillance Branch, Atlanta, Georgia 30333, USA. dhorton@cdc.gov Y1 - 2005/05// PY - 2005 DA - May 2005 SP - 419 EP - 427 VL - 47 IS - 5 SN - 0271-3586, 0271-3586 KW - Hazardous Substances KW - 0 KW - Index Medicus KW - Mortality KW - Industry -- classification KW - Humans KW - Aged KW - Child KW - Morbidity KW - Public Health Informatics KW - Child, Preschool KW - Registries KW - Infant KW - Aged, 80 and over KW - Adult KW - Industry -- statistics & numerical data KW - Middle Aged KW - Adolescent KW - United States -- epidemiology KW - Female KW - Male KW - Laundering -- statistics & numerical data KW - Air Pollution -- statistics & numerical data KW - Occupational Exposure -- statistics & numerical data KW - Sentinel Surveillance KW - Air Pollution -- analysis KW - Respiration Disorders -- mortality KW - Respiration Disorders -- epidemiology KW - Housekeeping -- statistics & numerical data KW - Respiration Disorders -- chemically induced KW - Hazardous Substances -- toxicity KW - Air Pollution -- adverse effects KW - Beauty Culture -- statistics & numerical data KW - Occupational Exposure -- adverse effects KW - Occupational Exposure -- analysis UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/67766026?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=American+journal+of+industrial+medicine&rft.atitle=Morbidity+and+mortality+from+hazardous+materials+events+in+the+personal+services+industry%2C+1993-2001%3A+a+follow-up+report+from+the+Hazardous+Substances+Emergency+Events+Surveillance+%28HSEES%29+system.&rft.au=Horton%2C+D+Kevin%3BBerkowitz%2C+Zahava%3BKaye%2C+Wendy+E&rft.aulast=Horton&rft.aufirst=D&rft.date=2005-05-01&rft.volume=47&rft.issue=5&rft.spage=419&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=American+journal+of+industrial+medicine&rft.issn=02713586&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 2005-09-19 N1 - Date created - 2005-04-21 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Hospitalized nonfatal injuries in the Alaskan construction industry. AN - 67761787; 15828070 AB - Construction industry workers are exposed to many hazards leading to fatal and nonfatal injuries. Information for nonfatal work-related injury surveillance may be vague and come from a variety of sources. The Alaska Trauma Registry (ATR) is used as an injury surveillance tool to focus on hospitalized nonfatal injuries in the Alaskan construction industry. During 1991-1999, 717 workers in the Alaskan construction industry were hospitalized due to occupational injuries, with an average annual injury rate of 0.39 injuries/100 workers. Leading causes of injury included falls (48%) and machinery (15%). Thirty-four percent of the falls were from a building or structure, followed by falls from a ladder (24%). A fractured bone was the most common type of injury (57%). Information on hospitalized patients from the ATR focuses on the more severe and debilitating injuries, and provides valuable information for prioritizing injury prevention efforts in Alaska. (c) 2005 Wiley-Liss, Inc. JF - American journal of industrial medicine AU - Husberg, Bradley J AU - Fosbroke, David E AU - Conway, George A AU - Mode, Nicolle A AD - National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Anchorage, Alaska 99508, USA. bjh9@cdc.gov Y1 - 2005/05// PY - 2005 DA - May 2005 SP - 428 EP - 433 VL - 47 IS - 5 SN - 0271-3586, 0271-3586 KW - Index Medicus KW - Registries KW - Humans KW - Alaska -- epidemiology KW - Adult KW - Aged KW - Middle Aged KW - Facility Design and Construction KW - Adolescent KW - Construction Materials KW - Male KW - Female KW - Population Surveillance KW - Age Distribution KW - Wounds and Injuries -- epidemiology KW - Industry -- classification KW - Accidents, Occupational -- statistics & numerical data KW - Accidental Falls -- statistics & numerical data KW - Hospitalization -- statistics & numerical data KW - Wounds and Injuries -- ethnology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/67761787?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=American+journal+of+industrial+medicine&rft.atitle=Hospitalized+nonfatal+injuries+in+the+Alaskan+construction+industry.&rft.au=Husberg%2C+Bradley+J%3BFosbroke%2C+David+E%3BConway%2C+George+A%3BMode%2C+Nicolle+A&rft.aulast=Husberg&rft.aufirst=Bradley&rft.date=2005-05-01&rft.volume=47&rft.issue=5&rft.spage=428&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=American+journal+of+industrial+medicine&rft.issn=02713586&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 2005-09-19 N1 - Date created - 2005-04-21 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Do we need genomic research for the prevention of common diseases with environmental causes? AN - 67753821; 15840611 AB - Concerns have been raised about the value of genomic research for prevention and public health, especially for complex diseases with risk factors that are amenable to environmental modification. Given that gene-environment interactions underlie almost all human diseases, the public health significance of genomic research on common diseases with modifiable environmental risks is based not necessarily on finding new genetic "causes" but on improving existing approaches to identifying and modifying environmental risk factors to better prevent and treat disease. Such applied genomic research for environmentally caused diseases is important, because 1) it could help stratify disease risks and differentiate interventions for achieving population health benefits; 2) it could help identify new environmental risk factors for disease or help confirm suspected environmental risk factors; and 3) it could aid our understanding of disease occurrence in terms of transmission, natural history, severity, etiologic heterogeneity, and targets for intervention at the population level. While genomics is still in its infancy, opportunities exist for developing, testing, and applying the tools of genomics to clinical and public health research, especially for conditions with known or suspected environmental causes. This research is likely to lead to population-wide health promotion and disease prevention efforts, not only to interventions targeted according to genetic susceptibility. JF - American journal of epidemiology AU - Khoury, Muin J AU - Davis, Robert AU - Gwinn, Marta AU - Lindegren, Mary Lou AU - Yoon, Paula AD - Office of Genomics and Disease Prevention, Coordinating Center on Health Promotion, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA 30341, USA. muk1@cdc.gov Y1 - 2005/05/01/ PY - 2005 DA - 2005 May 01 SP - 799 EP - 805 VL - 161 IS - 9 SN - 0002-9262, 0002-9262 KW - Index Medicus KW - Humans KW - Research KW - Environmental Illness -- epidemiology KW - Environmental Illness -- prevention & control KW - Environmental Illness -- etiology KW - Public Health KW - Health Promotion -- methods KW - Genomics UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/67753821?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=American+journal+of+epidemiology&rft.atitle=Do+we+need+genomic+research+for+the+prevention+of+common+diseases+with+environmental+causes%3F&rft.au=Khoury%2C+Muin+J%3BDavis%2C+Robert%3BGwinn%2C+Marta%3BLindegren%2C+Mary+Lou%3BYoon%2C+Paula&rft.aulast=Khoury&rft.aufirst=Muin&rft.date=2005-05-01&rft.volume=161&rft.issue=9&rft.spage=799&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=American+journal+of+epidemiology&rft.issn=00029262&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 2005-05-31 N1 - Date created - 2005-04-20 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - SuppNotes - Comment In: Am J Epidemiol. 2005 Oct 15;162(8):815; author reply 816 [16120692] N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - SARS: mobilizing and maintaining a public health emergency response. AN - 67743000; 15829833 AB - During the spring and summer of 2003, the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) mobilized the resources of the entire agency in a concerted effort to meet the challenges posed by the outbreak of Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome (SARS). Over the 133 days that comprised the emergency response phase of the SARS outbreak, CDC utilized the skills of more than 850 people. These staff were deployed from every Center, Institute, and Office within CDC and the Agency for Toxic Substances and Disease Registry. They provided technical assistance to countries reporting large numbers of cases and requesting assistance, met passengers and crew from these locations upon arrival in the United States, and assured that the syndrome was reported and thoroughly investigated within the United States. This paper describes the operational requirements that were established and the resources that were used to conduct this investigation. JF - Journal of public health management and practice : JPHMP AU - Posid, Joseph M AU - Bruce, Sherrie M AU - Guarnizo, Julie T AU - Taylor, Melissa L AU - Garza, Brenda W AD - Emergency response coordinator in the Bioterrorism Preparedness and Response Program, National Center for Infectious Diseases, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA, USA. jmp2@cdc.gov PY - 2005 SP - 208 EP - 215 VL - 11 IS - 3 SN - 1078-4659, 1078-4659 KW - Health technology assessment KW - United States KW - Personnel Staffing and Scheduling KW - Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (U.S.) KW - Humans KW - Staff Development KW - Leadership KW - Communicable Disease Control -- organization & administration KW - Emergency Medical Services -- manpower KW - Disease Outbreaks -- prevention & control KW - Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome -- prevention & control KW - Emergency Medical Services -- organization & administration UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/67743000?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+public+health+management+and+practice+%3A+JPHMP&rft.atitle=SARS%3A+mobilizing+and+maintaining+a+public+health+emergency+response.&rft.au=Posid%2C+Joseph+M%3BBruce%2C+Sherrie+M%3BGuarnizo%2C+Julie+T%3BTaylor%2C+Melissa+L%3BGarza%2C+Brenda+W&rft.aulast=Posid&rft.aufirst=Joseph&rft.date=2005-05-01&rft.volume=11&rft.issue=3&rft.spage=208&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+public+health+management+and+practice+%3A+JPHMP&rft.issn=10784659&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 2005-05-27 N1 - Date created - 2005-04-14 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Active surveillance of vaccine safety: a system to detect early signs of adverse events. AN - 67729265; 15824549 AB - There currently are no population-based systems in the United States to rapidly detect adverse events after newly introduced vaccines. To evaluate the feasibility of developing such systems, we used 5 years of data from 4 health maintenance organizations within the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) Vaccine Safety Datalink. Within every year, each week's vaccinated children were followed for 4 weeks, and rates of adverse events were compared with rates among children of similar ages before the introduction of the new vaccine. We assessed risks for intussusception after rotavirus vaccination and risks for fever, seizures, and other neurologic adverse events after the change from whole cell diphtheria-tetanus-pertussis (DTPw) to acellular DTP vaccine (DTPa). We used sequential probability ratio testing, adjusted for age, sex, calendar time, season, and HMO, and with a stopping value based on the probability of an adverse event under the null hypothesis and under a preset alternative hypothesis. We detected an increase in intussusception after 2589 vaccine doses of rotavirus vaccine, about the same time initial reports of intussusception were made to the Vaccine Adverse Events Reporting System. Decreases in risk for fever, seizures, and other abnormal neurologic events became detectable within 12 weeks, 42 weeks, and 18 months, respectively, after the change from DTPw to DTPa. We conclude that it is feasible to develop systems for rapid and routine population-based assessments of new vaccine safety. JF - Epidemiology (Cambridge, Mass.) AU - Davis, Robert L AU - Kolczak, Margarette AU - Lewis, Edwin AU - Nordin, James AU - Goodman, Michael AU - Shay, David K AU - Platt, Richard AU - Black, Steven AU - Shinefield, Henry AU - Chen, Robert T AD - Departments of Epidemiology and Pediatrics, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA. rad2@cdc.gov Y1 - 2005/05// PY - 2005 DA - May 2005 SP - 336 EP - 341 VL - 16 IS - 3 SN - 1044-3983, 1044-3983 KW - Diphtheria-Tetanus-Pertussis Vaccine KW - 0 KW - Rotavirus Vaccines KW - Index Medicus KW - Infant KW - Health Maintenance Organizations -- statistics & numerical data KW - Humans KW - Seasons KW - Databases, Factual KW - United States -- epidemiology KW - Fever -- chemically induced KW - Product Surveillance, Postmarketing -- methods KW - Intussusception -- chemically induced KW - Diphtheria-Tetanus-Pertussis Vaccine -- adverse effects KW - Rotavirus Vaccines -- adverse effects KW - Fever -- epidemiology KW - Intussusception -- epidemiology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/67729265?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Epidemiology+%28Cambridge%2C+Mass.%29&rft.atitle=Active+surveillance+of+vaccine+safety%3A+a+system+to+detect+early+signs+of+adverse+events.&rft.au=Davis%2C+Robert+L%3BKolczak%2C+Margarette%3BLewis%2C+Edwin%3BNordin%2C+James%3BGoodman%2C+Michael%3BShay%2C+David+K%3BPlatt%2C+Richard%3BBlack%2C+Steven%3BShinefield%2C+Henry%3BChen%2C+Robert+T&rft.aulast=Davis&rft.aufirst=Robert&rft.date=2005-05-01&rft.volume=16&rft.issue=3&rft.spage=336&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Epidemiology+%28Cambridge%2C+Mass.%29&rft.issn=10443983&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 2005-07-07 N1 - Date created - 2005-04-12 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - A quantitative in vitro fluorescence imaging method for phospholipid loss from respirable mineral particles. AN - 67712572; 15814489 AB - Respirable quartz and kaolin particles were treated with fluorescent-labeled phospholipids to model contact of fibrogenic and nonfibrogenic particles with pulmonary surfactant in the alveolar regions of the lung. Particles were used to challenge rat pulmonary macrophages in vitro at times from 1 d to 10 d. The objective was to develop a quantitative method to track surfactant components that adsorb to respirable particles in the lung or inside cells. Confocal laser scanning microscopy was used to image and quantify surfactant remaining on particles internalized by cells. Results indicate that the fluorescent label is removed from quartz particles quickly, with the fluorescence intensity less than 15% of initial value at 3 d, and about 5% at 10 d. In contrast, the kaolin particle-associated fluorescence was still approximately 39% of initial intensity at 3 d, and 10-15% at 10 d. Unchallenged cells showed a background of approximately 5%, and noninternalized particles did not exhibit any loss of fluorescence over the 10-d exposure. The results indicate the method may be useful in label-removal rate studies of respirable particles in vitro, with some cautions and limitations. Results are discussed and compared with similar studies using nonimaging techniques. JF - Inhalation toxicology AU - Keane, Michael AU - Wallace, William AD - National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, Health Effects Laboratory Division, Morgantown, WV 26505, USA. mjk3@cdc.gov Y1 - 2005/05// PY - 2005 DA - May 2005 SP - 287 EP - 292 VL - 17 IS - 6 SN - 0895-8378, 0895-8378 KW - Air Pollutants, Occupational KW - 0 KW - Dust KW - Minerals KW - Phospholipids KW - Quartz KW - 14808-60-7 KW - Kaolin KW - 24H4NWX5CO KW - Index Medicus KW - Animals KW - Dust -- analysis KW - Macrophages, Alveolar -- ultrastructure KW - Quartz -- metabolism KW - Kaolin -- metabolism KW - Macrophages, Alveolar -- drug effects KW - Rats KW - Kaolin -- pharmacology KW - Phagocytosis -- physiology KW - Rats, Sprague-Dawley KW - Quartz -- pharmacology KW - Kaolin -- analysis KW - Mining KW - Phagocytosis -- drug effects KW - Quartz -- analysis KW - Macrophages, Alveolar -- pathology KW - Inhalation Exposure -- adverse effects KW - Spectrometry, Fluorescence -- methods KW - Phospholipids -- chemistry KW - Air Pollutants, Occupational -- analysis KW - Particle Size KW - Phospholipids -- metabolism KW - Phospholipids -- analysis KW - Air Pollutants, Occupational -- pharmacology KW - Minerals -- analysis UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/67712572?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Inhalation+toxicology&rft.atitle=A+quantitative+in+vitro+fluorescence+imaging+method+for+phospholipid+loss+from+respirable+mineral+particles.&rft.au=Keane%2C+Michael%3BWallace%2C+William&rft.aulast=Keane&rft.aufirst=Michael&rft.date=2005-05-01&rft.volume=17&rft.issue=6&rft.spage=287&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Inhalation+toxicology&rft.issn=08958378&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 2005-11-22 N1 - Date created - 2005-04-07 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - A survey of private sector respirator use in the United States: an overview of findings. AN - 67712289; 15814381 AB - Limitations of previous surveys of respirator use led the National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH) and the Bureau of Labor Statistics to undertake a survey of respirator use and practices among U.S. private sector employers. The survey was mailed to 40,002 private sector establishments in August 2001; the responses were used to develop national estimates. Respirator use was required in 4.5% of establishments and for 3.1% of employees. Of the establishments requiring respirator use, 95% used air-purifying respirators and 17% used air-supplied respirators. Manufacturing; mining (including oil and gas extraction); construction; and agriculture, forestry, and fishing had the highest rates of establishment respirator use. Respirators were used most frequently to protect against dust/mist, paint vapors, and solvents. Large percentages of establishments requiring respirator use had indicators of potentially inadequate respirator programs. Of establishments requiring respirator use, 91% had at least one indicator of a potentially inadequate respiratory protection program, while 54% had at least five indicators. The survey findings suggest that large numbers of employers may not follow NIOSH recommendations and Occupational Safety and Health Administration (OSHA) and Mine Safety and Health Administration (MSHA) requirements for the selection and use of respirators, potentially putting workers at risk. The findings will aid efforts to increase the appropriate use of respirators in the workplace. JF - Journal of occupational and environmental hygiene AU - Doney, Brent C AU - Groce, Dennis W AU - Campbell, Donald L AU - Greskevitch, Mark F AU - Hoffman, William A AU - Middendorf, Paul J AU - Syamlal, Girija AU - Bang, Ki Moon AD - National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH)/Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), Morgantown, West Virginia 26505, USA. bdoney@cdc.gov Y1 - 2005/05// PY - 2005 DA - May 2005 SP - 267 EP - 276 VL - 2 IS - 5 SN - 1545-9624, 1545-9624 KW - Index Medicus KW - United States KW - Air Pollution, Indoor KW - Risk Factors KW - Humans KW - Health Surveys KW - Workplace KW - National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (U.S.) KW - Industry KW - Respiratory Protective Devices -- utilization KW - Private Sector KW - Occupational Health -- statistics & numerical data UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/67712289?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+occupational+and+environmental+hygiene&rft.atitle=A+survey+of+private+sector+respirator+use+in+the+United+States%3A+an+overview+of+findings.&rft.au=Doney%2C+Brent+C%3BGroce%2C+Dennis+W%3BCampbell%2C+Donald+L%3BGreskevitch%2C+Mark+F%3BHoffman%2C+William+A%3BMiddendorf%2C+Paul+J%3BSyamlal%2C+Girija%3BBang%2C+Ki+Moon&rft.aulast=Doney&rft.aufirst=Brent&rft.date=2005-05-01&rft.volume=2&rft.issue=5&rft.spage=267&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+occupational+and+environmental+hygiene&rft.issn=15459624&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 2005-07-12 N1 - Date created - 2005-04-07 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Commercial sex work, drug use, and sexually transmitted infections in St. Petersburg, Russia. AN - 67488548; 15748667 AB - The relationships between commercial sex work, drug use, and sexually transmitted infections (STI) in St. Petersburg, Russia were assessed using qualitative research methods and an examination of existing research, surveillance and epidemiology data. The rapid assessment methodology included in-depth qualitative interviews with key informants, naturalistic observations of commercial sex work and drug use sites, geo-mapping, and a critical review of the available surveillance, epidemiology, and sociological data. Patterns of commercial sex work and drug use in St. Petersburg are described. The existing surveillance data attributes infections to injected drug use over and above any other risk category. However, examination of the clinic and epidemiology data suggests that HIV infection may be increasing fastest among groups that are acquiring HIV through sexual transmission. Targeted screening studies of STI and HIV morbidity among populations that are not included in the surveillance algorithm are needed, such as commercial sex workers, street youth, and the homeless. Sexual history taking to better characterize the proportion of cases that result from sex between male partners would also be helpful. JF - Social science & medicine (1982) AU - Aral, Sevgi O AU - St Lawrence, Janet S AU - Dyatlov, Roman AU - Kozlov, Andrei AD - Division of STD Prevention, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), 1600 Clifton Road, Mailstop E02, Atlanta, GA 30333, USA. soa1@cdc.gov Y1 - 2005/05// PY - 2005 DA - May 2005 SP - 2181 EP - 2190 VL - 60 IS - 10 SN - 0277-9536, 0277-9536 KW - Index Medicus KW - Qualitative Research KW - Risk Factors KW - Humans KW - Adult KW - Male KW - Female KW - Russia -- epidemiology KW - Prevalence KW - Population Surveillance KW - Substance Abuse, Intravenous -- virology KW - Substance Abuse, Intravenous -- epidemiology KW - HIV Infections -- epidemiology KW - Sexually Transmitted Diseases -- epidemiology KW - Sex Work -- statistics & numerical data UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/67488548?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Social+science+%26+medicine+%281982%29&rft.atitle=Commercial+sex+work%2C+drug+use%2C+and+sexually+transmitted+infections+in+St.+Petersburg%2C+Russia.&rft.au=Aral%2C+Sevgi+O%3BSt+Lawrence%2C+Janet+S%3BDyatlov%2C+Roman%3BKozlov%2C+Andrei&rft.aulast=Aral&rft.aufirst=Sevgi&rft.date=2005-05-01&rft.volume=60&rft.issue=10&rft.spage=2181&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Social+science+%26+medicine+%281982%29&rft.issn=02779536&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 2005-07-05 N1 - Date created - 2005-03-07 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Keeping up with Evidence A New System for WHO's Evidence-Based Family Planning Guidance AN - 21393078; 8790855 AB - Abstract not available. JF - American Journal of Preventive Medicine AU - Mohllajee, Anshu P AU - Curtis, Kathryn M AU - Flanagan, Richard G AU - Rinehart, Ward AU - Gaffield, Mary Lyn AU - Peterson, Herbert B AD - WHO Collaborating Center in Reproductive Health, Division of Reproductive Health, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia, kmc6@cdc.gov Y1 - 2005/05// PY - 2005 DA - May 2005 SP - 483 EP - 490 PB - Elsevier Science, The Boulevard Langford Lane Kidlington Oxford OX5 1GB UK, [mailto:nlinfo-f@elsevier.nl], [URL:http://www.elsevier.nl] VL - 28 IS - 5 SN - 0749-3797, 0749-3797 KW - Sustainability Science Abstracts KW - family planning KW - M3 1010:Issues in Sustainable Development UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/21393078?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Assamodule&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=American+Journal+of+Preventive+Medicine&rft.atitle=Keeping+up+with+Evidence+A+New+System+for+WHO%27s+Evidence-Based+Family+Planning+Guidance&rft.au=Mohllajee%2C+Anshu+P%3BCurtis%2C+Kathryn+M%3BFlanagan%2C+Richard+G%3BRinehart%2C+Ward%3BGaffield%2C+Mary+Lyn%3BPeterson%2C+Herbert+B&rft.aulast=Mohllajee&rft.aufirst=Anshu&rft.date=2005-05-01&rft.volume=28&rft.issue=5&rft.spage=483&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=American+Journal+of+Preventive+Medicine&rft.issn=07493797&rft_id=info:doi/10.1016%2Fj.amepre.2005.02.008 LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2010-04-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-14 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - family planning DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.amepre.2005.02.008 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Detection of Rickettsia, Borrelia, and Bartonella in Carios kelleyi (Acari: Argasidae) AN - 19937558; 6218984 AB - Carios kelleyi (Colley & Kohls 1941), a tick associated with bats and bat habitats, has been reported to feed on humans, but there is little published data regarding the presence of vector-borne pathogens in these ticks. C. kelleyi nymphs and adults were collected from residential and community buildings in Jackson County, Iowa, and tested by polymerase chain reaction for Rickettsia, Borrelia, Bartonella, Coxiella, and Anaplasma. Rickettsia DNA was detected in 28 of 31 live ticks. Sequences of the 17-kDa and rOmpA genes suggest that this agent is a novel spotted fever group Rickettsia. Transstadial and transovarial transmission of this Rickettsia were demonstrated. The flagellin gene of a Borrelia, closely related to B. turicatae, was detected in one of 31 live ticks. The 16S-23S intergenic spacer region of Bartonella henselae also was detected in one of 31 live ticks. Coxiella or A. phagocytophilum DNA were not detected in these ticks. JF - Journal of Medical Entomology AU - Loftis, AD AU - Gill, J S AU - Schriefer, ME AU - Levin, M L AU - Eremeeva, ME AU - Gilchrist, MJR AU - Dasch, G A Y1 - 2005/05// PY - 2005 DA - May 2005 SP - 473 EP - 480 PB - Entomological Society of America VL - 42 IS - 3 SN - 0022-2585, 0022-2585 KW - Ticks KW - Microbiology Abstracts B: Bacteriology; Entomology Abstracts KW - Data processing KW - Bartonella KW - Ixodidae KW - Habitat preferences KW - Pathogens KW - Habitat KW - Anaplasma KW - Disease transmission KW - Carios kelleyi KW - Argasidae KW - Spacer region KW - Spotted fevers KW - USA, Iowa KW - Rickettsia KW - Borrelia KW - Polymerase chain reaction KW - Bartonella henselae KW - Acari KW - Flagellin KW - Z 05206:Medical & veterinary entomology KW - J 02400:Human Diseases UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/19937558?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologyb&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Medical+Entomology&rft.atitle=Detection+of+Rickettsia%2C+Borrelia%2C+and+Bartonella+in+Carios+kelleyi+%28Acari%3A+Argasidae%29&rft.au=Loftis%2C+AD%3BGill%2C+J+S%3BSchriefer%2C+ME%3BLevin%2C+M+L%3BEremeeva%2C+ME%3BGilchrist%2C+MJR%3BDasch%2C+G+A&rft.aulast=Loftis&rft.aufirst=AD&rft.date=2005-05-01&rft.volume=42&rft.issue=3&rft.spage=473&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+Medical+Entomology&rft.issn=00222585&rft_id=info:doi/10.1043%2F0022-2585%282005%290422.0.CO%3B2 L2 - http://journals.allenpress.com/jrnlserv/?request=get-abstract&issn=0022-2585&volume=42&page=473 LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-01-01 N1 - Last updated - 2015-03-25 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Spacer region; Data processing; Spotted fevers; Habitat preferences; Polymerase chain reaction; Pathogens; Habitat; Flagellin; Disease transmission; Carios kelleyi; Argasidae; Ixodidae; Bartonella; Rickettsia; Borrelia; Bartonella henselae; Acari; Anaplasma; USA, Iowa DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1043/0022-2585(2005)042<0473:DORBAB>2.0.CO;2 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Differential Infectivity of the Lyme Disease Spirochete Borrelia Burgdorferi Derived from Ixodes Scapularis Salivary Glands and Midgut AN - 19929999; 6218990 AB - Blood fed nymphal Ixodes scapularis Say infected with Borrelia burgdorferi were dissected to obtain salivary gland and midgut extracts. Extracts were inoculated into C3H/HeJ mice, and ear, heart, and bladder were cultured to determine comparative infectivity. Aliquots of extracts were then analyzed by quantitative polymerase chain reaction to determine the number of spirochetes inoculated into mice. A comparative median infectious dose (ID sub(50)) was determined for both salivary gland and midgut extract inoculations. Our data demonstrated a statistically significant difference (P < 0.002) in the ID sub(50) derived from salivary gland (average = 18) versus midgut (average = 251) extracts needed to infect susceptible mice. A rationale for the differential infectivity of salivary and midgut derived spirochetes is discussed. JF - Journal of Medical Entomology AU - Lima, CMR AU - Zeidner, N S AU - Beard, C B AU - Soares, CAG AU - Dolan, M C AU - Dietrich, G AU - Piesman, J AD - Division of Vector-Borne Infectious Diseases, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Fort Collins, CO 80522, naz2@cdc.gov Y1 - 2005/05// PY - 2005 DA - May 2005 SP - 506 EP - 510 PB - Entomological Society of America VL - 42 IS - 3 SN - 0022-2585, 0022-2585 KW - Deer tick KW - Ticks KW - Microbiology Abstracts B: Bacteriology; Entomology Abstracts KW - Heart KW - Data processing KW - Borrelia burgdorferi KW - Urinary bladder KW - Ixodidae KW - Statistical analysis KW - Ear KW - Ixodes scapularis KW - Salivary gland KW - Blood KW - Spirochetes KW - Infectivity KW - Inoculation KW - Polymerase chain reaction KW - Midgut KW - Lyme disease KW - J 02410:Animal Diseases KW - Z 05206:Medical & veterinary entomology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/19929999?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologyb&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Medical+Entomology&rft.atitle=Differential+Infectivity+of+the+Lyme+Disease+Spirochete+Borrelia+Burgdorferi+Derived+from+Ixodes+Scapularis+Salivary+Glands+and+Midgut&rft.au=Lima%2C+CMR%3BZeidner%2C+N+S%3BBeard%2C+C+B%3BSoares%2C+CAG%3BDolan%2C+M+C%3BDietrich%2C+G%3BPiesman%2C+J&rft.aulast=Lima&rft.aufirst=CMR&rft.date=2005-05-01&rft.volume=42&rft.issue=3&rft.spage=506&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+Medical+Entomology&rft.issn=00222585&rft_id=info:doi/10.1043%2F0022-2585%282005%290422.0.CO%3B2 L2 - http://journals.allenpress.com/jrnlserv/?request=get-abstract&issn=0022-2585&volume=42&page=506 LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-01-01 N1 - Last updated - 2015-03-25 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Heart; Data processing; Urinary bladder; Statistical analysis; Ear; Salivary gland; Spirochetes; Blood; Infectivity; Inoculation; Polymerase chain reaction; Midgut; Lyme disease; Borrelia burgdorferi; Ixodidae; Ixodes scapularis DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1043/0022-2585(2005)042<0506:DIOTLD>2.0.CO;2 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Isoniazid- and rifampin-resistant tuberculosis in San Diego County, California, United States, 1993-2002 AN - 19805496; 6437916 AB - A local tuberculosis (TB) control program. To measure trends in isoniazid (INH) and rifampin (RMP) resistance and identify associated factors. Retrospective review. Of 2883 isolates obtained from TB patients reported between 1993 and 2002, 287 (10%) were resistant to INH, 11 (<1%) were resistant to RMP, and 40 (1%) were resistant to both (multidrug resistance [MDR]). There were no linear trends over time. Eighty-one percent of patients with INH resistance and 85% with MDR were born outside the United States. Sixty-three per cent of patients with drug resistance and prior TB treatment were treated outside the US. INH resistance was associated with race/ethnicity and prior treatment, RMP resistance with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection, and MDR with non-US birth and prior treatment. Patients with INH- and RMP-susceptible or INH-resistant TB had higher percentages of treatment completion and sputum culture conversion than patients with RMP-resistant or MDR-TB. INH and RMP resistance remained stable between 1993 and 2002. Because most patients with drug resistance were infected or initially treated outside the US, future reductions in drug resistance will depend not only on local and national efforts, but also on the success of global interventions. JF - International Journal of Tuberculosis and Lung Disease AU - LoBue, P A AU - Moser, K S AD - Field Service and Evaluation Branch, Division of Tuberculosis Elimination, CDC/DTBE/FSEB, Mail Stop E-10, 1600 Clifton Road, Atlanta, GA 30333, USA, pgl5@cdc.gov Y1 - 2005/05// PY - 2005 DA - May 2005 SP - 501 EP - 506 VL - 9 IS - 5 SN - 1027-3719, 1027-3719 KW - HIV KW - Virology & AIDS Abstracts; Microbiology Abstracts B: Bacteriology KW - Mycobacterium KW - Drug resistance KW - Control programs KW - Lung diseases KW - Infection KW - Birth KW - Rifampin KW - Human immunodeficiency virus KW - Multidrug resistance KW - Tuberculosis KW - USA, California KW - Sputum KW - Ethnic groups KW - Races KW - Mycobacterium tuberculosis KW - Isoniazid KW - V 22360:AIDS and HIV KW - J 02845:Ear, nose and respiratory tract UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/19805496?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologyb&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=International+Journal+of+Tuberculosis+and+Lung+Disease&rft.atitle=Isoniazid-+and+rifampin-resistant+tuberculosis+in+San+Diego+County%2C+California%2C+United+States%2C+1993-2002&rft.au=LoBue%2C+P+A%3BMoser%2C+K+S&rft.aulast=LoBue&rft.aufirst=P&rft.date=2005-05-01&rft.volume=9&rft.issue=5&rft.spage=501&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=International+Journal+of+Tuberculosis+and+Lung+Disease&rft.issn=10273719&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-01-01 N1 - Last updated - 2015-03-25 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Birth; Rifampin; Control programs; Drug resistance; Lung diseases; Tuberculosis; Multidrug resistance; Sputum; Infection; Races; Ethnic groups; Isoniazid; Mycobacterium; Human immunodeficiency virus; Mycobacterium tuberculosis; USA, California ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Ecological Characterization of the Aquatic Habitats of Mosquitoes (Diptera: Culicidae) in Enzootic Foci of Venezuelan Equine Encephalitis Virus in Western Venezuela AN - 19770978; 6218958 AB - We studied the aquatic mosquito habitats in and around enzootic foci of Venezuelan Equine Encephalitis virus (VEE) in western Venezuela. Specimens were sampled for 5 mo in three types of vegetation: tall lowland tropical forests, short inundated/secondary growth forests, and pastures/herbaceous vegetation around forests. Ground pools, flooded pastures, swamps, ponds, and canals predominated. We used a multivariate statistical approach to quantitatively assess the relationships of mosquito species with broad categories of the landscape, and with environmental variables within each aquatic habitat. Twenty-four mosquito species in the genera Aedes, Psorophora, Culex, Mansonia, and Uranotaenia were collected. Species richness was higher in the tall forests than in other types of vegetation. Discriminant Function Analysis showed a strong association between landscape category and mosquito species assemblage and identified Culex erraticus Dyar & Knab and Mansonia titillans Walker as indicator species of open areas, and Aedes serratus Theobald as an indicator of tall forests. M. titillans, Uranotaenia geometrica Theobald, Cx. erraticus, and Culex dunni Dyar were associated with unshaded, warm, vegetated waters in flooded pastures and swamps, whereas Ae. serratus, Aedes fulvus (Wiedemann), Psorophora albipes Theobald, Psorophora ferox (Humboldt), Culex caudelli Dyar & Knab, and Culex pedroi Sirivanakarn & Belkin were associated with small, shaded ground pools within the tall forests. Culex coronator Dyar & Knab was associated with partially exposed sites within short forests. These results allowed us to interpret better our previous studies on mosquito adult spread in the study area and their possible role as VEEV disseminators. JF - Journal of Medical Entomology AU - Alfonzo, D AU - Grillet, ME AU - Liria, J AU - Navarro, J AU - Weaver, S C AU - Barrera, R AD - Instituto de Zoologia Tropical, Universidad Central de Venezuela, Caracas 1041-A, Venezuela, rbarrera@cdc.gov Y1 - 2005/05// PY - 2005 DA - May 2005 SP - 278 EP - 284 PB - Entomological Society of America VL - 42 IS - 3 SN - 0022-2585, 0022-2585 KW - Mosquitoes KW - Virology & AIDS Abstracts; ASFA 3: Aquatic Pollution & Environmental Quality; ASFA 1: Biological Sciences & Living Resources; Entomology Abstracts KW - Statistics KW - Aedes serratus KW - Forests KW - Aedes fulvus KW - Freshwater KW - Uranotaenia KW - Habitat selection KW - Culex erraticus KW - Pasture KW - Environmental factors KW - Ponds KW - Public health KW - Venezuelan equine encephalitis virus KW - Culex coronator KW - Swamps KW - Aquatic insects KW - Species richness KW - Aedes KW - Freshwater environments KW - Psorophora KW - Landscape KW - Psorophora ferox KW - Mansonia titillans KW - Vegetation KW - Habitat preferences KW - Culicidae KW - Venezuelan equine encephalitis KW - Habitat KW - Inland water environment KW - Culex KW - Canals KW - Community composition KW - Venezuela KW - Diptera KW - Mansonia KW - Indicator species KW - Q1 08464:Other aquatic communities KW - Z 05206:Medical & veterinary entomology KW - V 22320:Replication KW - Q5 08524:Public health, medicines, dangerous organisms UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/19770978?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aasfaaquaticpollution&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Medical+Entomology&rft.atitle=Ecological+Characterization+of+the+Aquatic+Habitats+of+Mosquitoes+%28Diptera%3A+Culicidae%29+in+Enzootic+Foci+of+Venezuelan+Equine+Encephalitis+Virus+in+Western+Venezuela&rft.au=Alfonzo%2C+D%3BGrillet%2C+ME%3BLiria%2C+J%3BNavarro%2C+J%3BWeaver%2C+S+C%3BBarrera%2C+R&rft.aulast=Alfonzo&rft.aufirst=D&rft.date=2005-05-01&rft.volume=42&rft.issue=3&rft.spage=278&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+Medical+Entomology&rft.issn=00222585&rft_id=info:doi/10.1043%2F0022-2585%282005%290422.0.CO%3B2 LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-02-01 N1 - Last updated - 2016-05-27 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Community composition; Habitat selection; Environmental factors; Inland water environment; Aquatic insects; Public health; Statistics; Freshwater environments; Landscape; Forests; Habitat preferences; Vegetation; Venezuelan equine encephalitis; Habitat; Pasture; Ponds; Canals; Swamps; Species richness; Indicator species; Aedes; Psorophora; Aedes serratus; Psorophora ferox; Mansonia titillans; Culicidae; Aedes fulvus; Uranotaenia; Culex erraticus; Culex; Venezuelan equine encephalitis virus; Culex coronator; Diptera; Mansonia; Venezuela; Freshwater DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1043/0022-2585(2005)042<0278:ECOTAH>2.0.CO;2 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Physical activity and health related quality of life among people with arthritis AN - 17573896; 6245968 AB - STUDY OBJECTIVE: To assess the association between physical activity and health related quality of life (HRQOL) among persons with arthritis or chronic joint symptoms (CJS). DESIGN: Cross sectional survey investigating the relation between physical activity level and HRQOL. HRQOL was estimated using the number of physically or mentally unhealthy days during the past 30 days. Physical activity was categorised as recommended, insufficient, or inactive according to federal activity recommendations. Persons with arthritis were defined as those with either self reported CJS or doctor diagnosed arthritis. SETTING: Community dwelling, US adults residing in all 50 states and the District of Columbia. PARTICIPANTS: Respondents (n = 212 000) in the 2001 behavioral risk factor surveillance system (BRFSS), an annual population based, telephone survey. Main results: The 33% of BRFSS respondents with arthritis had a mean of 6.7 physically and 4.9 mentally unhealthy days during the past 30 days, compared with 1.8 and 2.7 among those without arthritis. Inactive men and women were 1.2-2.4 times more likely to report impaired HRQOL compared with those who met physical activity recommendations. Men and women who engage in insufficient physical activity also report variably reduced HRQOL. CONCLUSIONS: Among people with arthritis, recommended levels of physical activity were associated with fewer mean physically and mentally unhealthy days and a decreased probability of having severely impaired physical or mental HRQOL. JF - Journal of Epidemiology and Community Health AU - Abell, Jill E AU - Hootman, Jennifer M AU - Zack, Matthew M AU - Moriarty, David AU - Helmick, Charles G AD - Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, South Carolina, USA. Division of Adult and Community Health, National Center for Chronic Disease Prevention and Health Promotion, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia, USA Y1 - 2005/05// PY - 2005 DA - May 2005 SP - 380 EP - 385 PB - British Medical Association, BMA House Square Tavistock Square London WC1H 9JP UK, [mailto:info.web@bma.org.uk], [URL:http://www.bma.org.uk/] VL - 59 IS - 5 SN - 0143-005X, 0143-005X KW - Physical Education Index KW - Arthritis KW - Risk factors KW - Mental health KW - Surveys KW - Health KW - Exercise KW - Adults KW - Lifestyle KW - Joints KW - PE 030:Exercise, Health & Physical Fitness UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/17573896?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aphysicaleducation&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Epidemiology+and+Community+Health&rft.atitle=Physical+activity+and+health+related+quality+of+life+among+people+with+arthritis&rft.au=Abell%2C+Jill+E%3BHootman%2C+Jennifer+M%3BZack%2C+Matthew+M%3BMoriarty%2C+David%3BHelmick%2C+Charles+G&rft.aulast=Abell&rft.aufirst=Jill&rft.date=2005-05-01&rft.volume=59&rft.issue=5&rft.spage=380&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+Epidemiology+and+Community+Health&rft.issn=0143005X&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - Physical Education Index N1 - Date revised - 2010-05-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-14 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Risk factors; Arthritis; Surveys; Mental health; Health; Adults; Exercise; Joints; Lifestyle ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Palm of the human hand AN - 17571316; 6242492 AB - A comprehensive understanding of the complex biodynamic response of the human fingers-hand-arm system may help researchers determine the causation of injuries arising from hand-transmitted vibration. This study theoretically demonstrates that the mechanical impedance (MI) in a hand power grip, as a measure of the biodynamic response of the system, can be divided into finger MI and palm MI. A methodology is developed to measure them separately and to investigate their distribution characteristics. This study involves 6 adult male subjects, constant-velocity sinusoidal excitations at 10 different discrete frequencies (16, 25, 40, 63, 100, 160, 250, 400, 630, 1000 Hz), and three different hand-handle coupling conditions. Our results suggest that at low frequencies (<=40 Hz), the palm MI is substantially higher than the finger MI; the majority of the hand MI remains distributed at the palm up to 100 Hz; and at frequencies higher than 160 Hz, the finger MI is comparable to or higher than the palm MI. Furthermore, at frequencies equal to or above 100 Hz, the finger MI is practically independent of the palm-handle coupling conditions. Knowledge of the MI distribution pattern may increase the understanding of vibration transmission to the hand and aid in the development of effective isolation devices. JF - Journal of Biomechanics AU - Dong, R G AU - Wu, J Z AU - McDowell, T W AU - Welcome, DE AU - Schopper, A W AD - Engineering and Control Technology Branch, National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, 1095 Willowdale Road, MS 2201, Morgantown, WV 26505, USA, rkd6@cdc.gov Y1 - 2005/05// PY - 2005 DA - May 2005 SP - 1165 EP - 1175 PB - Elsevier Science Ltd., Pergamon, P.O. Box 800 Kidlington Oxford OX5 1DX UK, [mailto:nlinfo-f@elsevier.nl], [URL:http://www.elsevier.nl] VL - 38 IS - 5 SN - 0021-9290, 0021-9290 KW - Physical Education Index KW - Hands KW - Fingers KW - Injuries KW - Power KW - Vibration KW - Velocity KW - Adults KW - Arms KW - Knowledge KW - PE 100:Kinesiology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/17571316?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aphysicaleducation&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Biomechanics&rft.atitle=Palm+of+the+human+hand&rft.au=Dong%2C+R+G%3BWu%2C+J+Z%3BMcDowell%2C+T+W%3BWelcome%2C+DE%3BSchopper%2C+A+W&rft.aulast=Dong&rft.aufirst=R&rft.date=2005-05-01&rft.volume=38&rft.issue=5&rft.spage=1165&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+Biomechanics&rft.issn=00219290&rft_id=info:doi/10.1016%2Fj.jbiomech.2004.05.021 LA - English DB - Physical Education Index N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Fingers; Hands; Vibration; Knowledge; Velocity; Arms; Adults; Power; Injuries DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jbiomech.2004.05.021 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Prevention of mother-to-child transmission and voluntary counseling and testing programme data: what is their utility for HIV surveillance? AN - 17506019; 6407542 AB - Objective: Antenatal clinic (ANC)-based surveillance through unlinked anonymous testing (UAT) for HIV without informed consent provides solid long-term trend data in resource-constrained countries with generalized epidemics. The rapid expansion of the prevention of mother-to-child transmission (PMTCT) and voluntary counseling and testing (VCT) programmes prompts the question regarding their utility for HIV surveillance and their potential to replace UAT-based ANC surveillance. Methods: Four presentations on the use of PMTCT or VCT data for HIV surveillance were presented at a recent international conference. The main findings are presented in this paper, and the operational and epidemiological aspects of using PMTCT or VCT data for surveillance are considered. Results: VCT data in Uganda confirm the falling trend in HIV prevalence observed in ANC surveillance. Thailand, a country with nationwide PMTCT coverage and a very high acceptance of HIV testing, has replaced UAT data in favor of PMTCT data for surveillance. Studies from Botswana and Kenya showed that PMTCT-based HIV prevalences was similar, but the quality and availability of the PMTCT data varied. Conclusion: The strength of UAT lies in the absence of selection bias and the availability of individual data. Conversely, the quantity of VCT and PMTCT programme testing data often exceed those in UAT, but may be subject to bias due to self-selection or test refusal. When using VCT or PMTCT data for surveillance, investigators must consider these caveats, as well as their varying data quality, accessibility, and availability of individual records. JF - AIDS AU - Hladik, W AU - Masupu, K AU - Roels, T AU - Plipat, T AU - Kaharuza, F AU - Bunnell, R AU - Seguy, N AU - Marum, L H AD - Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, MS E-30, 1600 Clifton Road, Atlanta, GA 30333, USA, wfh3@cdc.gov Y1 - 2005/05// PY - 2005 DA - May 2005 SP - S19 EP - S24 VL - 19 SN - 0269-9370, 0269-9370 KW - HIV KW - Health & Safety Science Abstracts; Risk Abstracts; Virology & AIDS Abstracts KW - Epidemics KW - Uganda KW - Disease transmission KW - Epidemiology KW - Human immunodeficiency virus KW - prevention KW - H 11000:Diseases/Injuries/Trauma KW - V 22006:AIDS: Other aspects KW - R2 23060:Medical and environmental health UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/17506019?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Ariskabstracts&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=AIDS&rft.atitle=Prevention+of+mother-to-child+transmission+and+voluntary+counseling+and+testing+programme+data%3A+what+is+their+utility+for+HIV+surveillance%3F&rft.au=Hladik%2C+W%3BMasupu%2C+K%3BRoels%2C+T%3BPlipat%2C+T%3BKaharuza%2C+F%3BBunnell%2C+R%3BSeguy%2C+N%3BMarum%2C+L+H&rft.aulast=Hladik&rft.aufirst=W&rft.date=2005-05-01&rft.volume=19&rft.issue=&rft.spage=S19&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=AIDS&rft.issn=02699370&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Human immunodeficiency virus; Uganda; Disease transmission; prevention; Epidemics; Epidemiology ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Glucuronidation patterns of common urinary and serum monoester phthalate metabolites AN - 17462742; 6650733 JF - Archives of Toxicology AU - Silva, Manori J AU - Barr, Dana B AU - Reidy, John A AU - Kato, Kayoko AU - Malek, Nicole A AU - Hodge, Carolyn C AU - Hurtz, Donald AU - Calafat, Antonia M AU - Needham, Larry L AU - Brock, John W AD - Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, 4770 Buford Hwy NE, Mailstop F17, Atlanta, GA 30341, USA, zca2@cdc.gov Y1 - 2005/05// PY - 2005 DA - May 2005 SP - 302 PB - Springer-Verlag (Berlin), Heidelberger Platz 3 Berlin 14197 Germany, [mailto:subscriptions@springer.de], [URL:http://www.springer.de/] VL - 79 IS - 5 SN - 0340-5761, 0340-5761 KW - Toxicology Abstracts KW - phthalates KW - Metabolites KW - X 24153:Metabolism UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/17462742?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxicologyabstracts&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Archives+of+Toxicology&rft.atitle=Glucuronidation+patterns+of+common+urinary+and+serum+monoester+phthalate+metabolites&rft.au=Silva%2C+Manori+J%3BBarr%2C+Dana+B%3BReidy%2C+John+A%3BKato%2C+Kayoko%3BMalek%2C+Nicole+A%3BHodge%2C+Carolyn+C%3BHurtz%2C+Donald%3BCalafat%2C+Antonia+M%3BNeedham%2C+Larry+L%3BBrock%2C+John+W&rft.aulast=Silva&rft.aufirst=Manori&rft.date=2005-05-01&rft.volume=79&rft.issue=5&rft.spage=302&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Archives+of+Toxicology&rft.issn=03405761&rft_id=info:doi/10.1007%2Fs00204-005-0653-9 LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-02-01 N1 - Last updated - 2015-03-25 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - phthalates; Metabolites DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00204-005-0653-9 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Time Course of Gene Expression of Inflammatory Mediators in Rat Lung after Diesel Exhaust Particle Exposure AN - 17420282; 6566821 AB - Diesel exhaust particles (DEPs) at three concentrations (5, 35, and 50 mg/kg body weight) were instilled into rats intratracheally. We studied gene expression at 1, 7, and 30 days postexposure in cells obtained by bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) and in lung tissue. Using real-time reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR), we measured the mRNA levels of eight genes [interleukin (IL)-1 beta , IL-6, IL-10, iNOS (inducible nitric oxide synthase), MCP-1 (monocyte chemoattractant protein-1), MIP-2 (macrophage inflammatory protein-2), TGF- beta 1 (transforming growth factor- beta 1), and TNF- alpha (tumor necrosis factor- alpha )] in BAL cells and four genes [IL-6, ICAM-1 (intercellular adhesion molecule-1), GM-CSF (granulocyte/macrophage-colony stimulating factor), and RANTES (regulated upon activation normal T cell expressed and secreted)] in lung tissue. In BAL cells on day 1, high-dose exposure induced a significant up-regulation of IL-I beta , iNOS, MCP-1, and MIP-2 but no change in IL-6, IL-IO, TGF- beta 1, and TNF- alpha mRNA levels. There was no change in the mRNA levels of IL-6, RANTES, ICAM-1, and GM-CSF in lung tissue. Nitric oxide production and levels of MCP-1 and MIP-2 were increased in the 24-hr culture media of alveolar macrophages (AMs) obtained on day 1. IL-6, MCP-1, and MIP-2 levels were also elevated in the BAL fluid. BAL fluid also showed increases in albumin and lactate dehydrogenase. The cellular content in BAL fluid increased at all doses and at all time periods, mainly due to an increase in polymorphonuclear leukocytes. In vitro studies in AMs and cultured lung fibroblasts showed that lung fibroblasts are a significant source of IL-6 and MCP-1 in the lung. JF - Environmental Health Perspectives AU - Rao, KMK AU - Ma, JYC AU - Meighan, T AU - Barger, M W AU - Pack, D AU - Vallyathan, V AD - M/S 2015, PPRB/HELD/NIOSH, 1095 Willowdale Rd., Morgantown, WV 26505, USA, mir8@cdc.gov Y1 - 2005/05// PY - 2005 DA - May 2005 SP - 612 EP - 617 VL - 113 IS - 5 SN - 0091-6765, 0091-6765 KW - Genetics Abstracts; Toxicology Abstracts KW - Interleukin 6 KW - Macrophages KW - Leukocytes (polymorphonuclear) KW - Interleukin 10 KW - Cell activation KW - Fibroblasts KW - Gene expression KW - Bronchus KW - Body weight KW - intercellular adhesion molecule 1 KW - Lymphocytes T KW - Polymerase chain reaction KW - Media (culture) KW - Transforming growth factor- beta 1 KW - Monocyte chemoattractant protein 1 KW - Granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor KW - RANTES KW - Alveoli KW - L-Lactate dehydrogenase KW - Inflammation KW - Exhausts KW - Nitric-oxide synthase KW - Leukocytes (granulocytic) KW - Lung KW - Albumin KW - Diesel KW - Nitric oxide KW - Tumor necrosis factor- alpha KW - Macrophage inflammatory protein KW - X 24240:Miscellaneous KW - G 07730:Development & Cell Cycle UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/17420282?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxicologyabstracts&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Environmental+Health+Perspectives&rft.atitle=Time+Course+of+Gene+Expression+of+Inflammatory+Mediators+in+Rat+Lung+after+Diesel+Exhaust+Particle+Exposure&rft.au=Rao%2C+KMK%3BMa%2C+JYC%3BMeighan%2C+T%3BBarger%2C+M+W%3BPack%2C+D%3BVallyathan%2C+V&rft.aulast=Rao&rft.aufirst=KMK&rft.date=2005-05-01&rft.volume=113&rft.issue=5&rft.spage=612&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Environmental+Health+Perspectives&rft.issn=00916765&rft_id=info:doi/10.1289%2Fehp.7696 LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-01-01 N1 - Last updated - 2015-03-25 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Macrophages; Interleukin 6; Leukocytes (polymorphonuclear); Interleukin 10; Fibroblasts; Cell activation; Gene expression; Body weight; Bronchus; intercellular adhesion molecule 1; Lymphocytes T; Polymerase chain reaction; Media (culture); Transforming growth factor- beta 1; Monocyte chemoattractant protein 1; Granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor; RANTES; Alveoli; Exhausts; Inflammation; L-Lactate dehydrogenase; Nitric-oxide synthase; Leukocytes (granulocytic); Lung; Albumin; Nitric oxide; Diesel; Tumor necrosis factor- alpha; Macrophage inflammatory protein DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1289/ehp.7696 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Occupational Exposure to Aerosolized Brevetoxins during Florida Red Tide Events: Effects on a Healthy Worker Population AN - 17418194; 6566848 AB - Karenia brevis (formerly Gymnodinium breve) is a marine dinoflagellate responsible for red tides that form in the Gulf of Mexico. K. brevis produces brevetoxins, the potent toxins that cause neurotoxic shellfish poisoning. There is also limited information describing human health effects from environmental exposures to brevetoxins. Our objective was to examine the impact of inhaling aerosolized brevetoxins during red tide events on self-reported symptoms and pulmonary function. We recruited a group of 28 healthy lifeguards who are occupationally exposed to red tide toxins during their daily work-related activities. They performed spirometry tests and reported symptoms before and after their 8-hr shifts during a time when there was no red tide (unexposed period) and again when there was a red tide (exposed period). We also examined how mild exercise affected the reported symptoms and spirometry tests during unexposed and exposed periods with a subgroup of the same lifeguards. Environmental sampling (K. brevis cell concentrations in seawater and brevetoxin concentrations in seawater and air) was used to confirm unexposed/exposed status. Compared with unexposed periods, the group of lifeguards reported more upper respiratory symptoms during the exposed periods. We did not observe any impact of exposure to aerosolized brevetoxins, with or without mild exercise, on pulmonary function. JF - Environmental Health Perspectives AU - Backer, L C AU - Kirkpatrick, B AU - Fleming, LE AU - Cheng, Yung Sung AU - Pierce, R AU - Bean, JA AU - Clark, R AU - Johnson, D AU - Wanner, A AU - Tamer, R AU - Zhou, Yue AU - Baden, D G AD - National Center for Environmental Health, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, 4770 Buford Highway NE, MS F-46, Chamblee, GA 30341, USA, lbacker@cdc.gov Y1 - 2005/05// PY - 2005 DA - May 2005 SP - 644 EP - 649 VL - 113 IS - 5 SN - 0091-6765, 0091-6765 KW - brevetoxins KW - ASFA 3: Aquatic Pollution & Environmental Quality; ASFA 1: Biological Sciences & Living Resources; Water Resources Abstracts; Toxicology Abstracts; Microbiology Abstracts C: Algology, Mycology & Protozoology; Health & Safety Science Abstracts; Pollution Abstracts KW - Noxious organisms KW - Symptoms KW - USA, Florida KW - Red tides KW - Toxicants KW - Seawater KW - Respiration KW - Phytoplankton KW - Gulfs KW - Environmental factors KW - Public health KW - Marine environment KW - Exposure KW - Dinoflagellates KW - Respiratory function KW - Sampling KW - Occupational exposure KW - Testing Procedures KW - ASW, USA, Florida KW - Aerosols KW - Poisoning KW - Toxicity KW - Toxins KW - Physical training KW - ASW, Mexico Gulf KW - Mexico KW - Mexico Gulf KW - Gymnodinium KW - Brevetoxins KW - Lung KW - Neurotoxicity KW - Red Tide KW - Karenia brevis KW - Shellfish KW - Metabolism KW - Q1 08461:Plankton KW - X 24172:Plants KW - K 03039:Algae KW - SW 3030:Effects of pollution KW - H 1000:Occupational Safety and Health KW - Q5 08524:Public health, medicines, dangerous organisms KW - P 6000:TOXICOLOGY AND HEALTH KW - K 03092:Others UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/17418194?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aasfaaquaticpollution&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Environmental+Health+Perspectives&rft.atitle=Occupational+Exposure+to+Aerosolized+Brevetoxins+during+Florida+Red+Tide+Events%3A+Effects+on+a+Healthy+Worker+Population&rft.au=Backer%2C+L+C%3BKirkpatrick%2C+B%3BFleming%2C+LE%3BCheng%2C+Yung+Sung%3BPierce%2C+R%3BBean%2C+JA%3BClark%2C+R%3BJohnson%2C+D%3BWanner%2C+A%3BTamer%2C+R%3BZhou%2C+Yue%3BBaden%2C+D+G&rft.aulast=Backer&rft.aufirst=L&rft.date=2005-05-01&rft.volume=113&rft.issue=5&rft.spage=644&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Environmental+Health+Perspectives&rft.issn=00916765&rft_id=info:doi/10.1289%2Fehp.7502 LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-07-01 N1 - Last updated - 2014-05-07 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Noxious organisms; Symptoms; Toxicants; Red tides; Respiration; Phytoplankton; Environmental factors; Metabolism; Public health; Lung; Marine environment; Brevetoxins; Neurotoxicity; Poisoning; Dinoflagellates; Sampling; Toxins; Occupational exposure; Physical training; Aerosols; Seawater; Shellfish; Respiratory function; Testing Procedures; Gymnodinium; Exposure; Red Tide; Toxicity; Gulfs; Karenia brevis; ASW, Mexico Gulf; ASW, USA, Florida; Mexico; USA, Florida; Mexico Gulf DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1289/ehp.7502 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Silicosis mortality, prevention, and control--United States, 1968-2002. AN - 67787928; 15858459 AB - Silicosis is a preventable occupational lung disease caused by inhaling dust containing crystalline silica; no effective treatment for silicosis is available. Deaths from inhalation of silica-containing dust can occur after a few months' exposure (1). Crystalline silica exposure and silicosis have been associated with work in mining, quarrying, tunneling, sandblasting, masonry, foundry work, glass manufacture, ceramic and pottery production, cement and concrete production, and work with certain materials in dental laboratories. To describe patterns of silicosis mortality in the United States, CDC analyzed data from the National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH) National Occupational Respiratory Mortality System (NORMS) for 1968-2002. This report summarizes the results of that analysis, which indicated a decline in silicosis mortality during 1968-2002 and suggested that progress has been made in reducing the incidence of silicosis in the United States. However, silicosis deaths and new cases still occur, even in young workers. Because no effective treatment for silicosis is available, effective control of exposure to crystalline silica in the workplace is crucial. JF - MMWR. Morbidity and mortality weekly report AU - Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) AD - Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) Y1 - 2005/04/29/ PY - 2005 DA - 2005 Apr 29 SP - 401 EP - 405 VL - 54 IS - 16 KW - Index Medicus KW - Humans KW - United States -- epidemiology KW - Silicosis -- prevention & control KW - Silicosis -- mortality UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/67787928?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=MMWR.+Morbidity+and+mortality+weekly+report&rft.atitle=Silicosis+mortality%2C+prevention%2C+and+control--United+States%2C+1968-2002.&rft.au=Centers+for+Disease+Control+and+Prevention+%28CDC%29&rft.aulast=Centers+for+Disease+Control+and+Prevention+%28CDC%29&rft.aufirst=&rft.date=2005-04-29&rft.volume=54&rft.issue=16&rft.spage=401&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=MMWR.+Morbidity+and+mortality+weekly+report&rft.issn=1545-861X&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 2005-04-29 N1 - Date created - 2005-04-28 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Update: hydrogen cyanamide-related illnesses--Italy, 2002-2004. AN - 67786451; 15858460 AB - Hydrogen cyanamide is used in agriculture as a plant growth regulator and is applied to many deciduous plants to stimulate uniform budbreak after dormancy, resulting in uniform flowering and maturity. Hydrogen cyanamide is highly toxic, and adverse health effects from contact include severe irritation and ulceration of the eyes, skin, and respiratory tract. The substance also inhibits aldehyde dehydrogenase and can produce acetaldehyde syndrome (e.g., vomiting, parasympathetic hyperactivity, dyspnea, hypotension, and confusion) when exposure coincides with alcohol use. After Dormex (Degussa AG, Trostberg, Germany), a pesticide product containing hydrogen cyanamide (49% by weight), was introduced in Italy in 2000, a total of 23 cases of acute illness associated with exposure to this chemical were identified in early 2001. This led to a temporary suspension of sales and usage of Dormex on February 23, 2002, and strengthening of protective measures, as specified on the pesticide label when sales were resumed on June 20, 2003. This report describes 28 additional cases of hydrogen cyanamide-related illness that occurred during 2002-2004, 14 of which occurred after sales resumed. These illnesses suggest that the preventive measures adopted in Italy in 2003 to protect workers using hydrogen cyanamide are inadequate. Workers exposed to hydrogen cyanamide should be provided adequate information, training, personal protective equipment (PPE), and engineering controls. JF - MMWR. Morbidity and mortality weekly report AU - Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) AD - Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) Y1 - 2005/04/29/ PY - 2005 DA - 2005 Apr 29 SP - 405 EP - 408 VL - 54 IS - 16 KW - Pesticides KW - 0 KW - Cyanamide KW - 420-04-2 KW - Index Medicus KW - Humans KW - Italy -- epidemiology KW - Population Surveillance KW - Cyanamide -- toxicity KW - Poisoning -- epidemiology KW - Poisoning -- prevention & control KW - Pesticides -- toxicity UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/67786451?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=MMWR.+Morbidity+and+mortality+weekly+report&rft.atitle=Update%3A+hydrogen+cyanamide-related+illnesses--Italy%2C+2002-2004.&rft.au=Centers+for+Disease+Control+and+Prevention+%28CDC%29&rft.aulast=Centers+for+Disease+Control+and+Prevention+%28CDC%29&rft.aufirst=&rft.date=2005-04-29&rft.volume=54&rft.issue=16&rft.spage=405&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=MMWR.+Morbidity+and+mortality+weekly+report&rft.issn=1545-861X&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 2005-04-29 N1 - Date created - 2005-04-28 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Transcriptional signatures of environmentally relevant exposures in normal human mammary epithelial cells: benzo[a]pyrene. AN - 67705822; 15808406 AB - Changes in gene expression in a panel of primary normal human mammary epithelial cell strains, developed from healthy breast tissue obtained at reduction mammoplasty from different donors, in response to benzo[a]pyrene exposure have been investigated. It was expected that both gene expression changes common to cell strains derived from different donors as well as inter-individual variation would be observed. Therefore, the strategy that has been adopted is to identify potentially important changes, or useful changes from a biomonitoring perspective, using gene-array technology and a small number of donors; then investigate selected transcription responses using a large number of tissue donors and a cheaper method of transcript detection (real-time polymerase chain reaction). Here we report results from four primary normal human mammary epithelial cell strains that were treated with benzo[a]pyrene in vitro for either 6 or 24 h. Transcription was monitored using high-density oligonucleotide arrays (Affymetrix HuGeneFL). Total RNA was used for the preparation of labeled targets that were hybridized to microarrays containing probes representing more than 6800 human genes and expressed sequence tags. Gene expression data were analyzed using the GeneChip software (MAS 5.0). Altered gene expression patterns were observed in response to benzo[a]pyrene in human mammary epithelial cell strains from different donors. Specifically, the dioxin inducible cytochrome P450 CYP1B1 was consistently induced in response to 6 and 24 h exposure to benzo[a]pyrene in cell strains from all four donors. Two other genes that were relatively consistently induced were IL1beta and MMP1. Less consistent changes in other metabolism genes (CYP1A1, CYP11B2, and NQO1) and certain cell cycle control genes GOS2 and AF1Q were also induced, while EGR1 was suppressed. Although no change in p53 transcription was observed, an accumulation of p53 protein was detected using antibodies. A similar accumulation of Waf1 (p21) was also observed using immunohistochemistry, this was expected since p53 is p21's transcription factor. Significant inter-individual variations in both the levels and patterns of gene expression were observed, in response to benzo[a]pyrene exposure. These studies provide a complementary approach to molecular epidemiology for the investigation of differential susceptibility to chemical carcinogens, and specifically polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons. JF - Cancer letters AU - Keshava, Channa AU - Whipkey, Diana AU - Weston, Ainsley AD - Heatlh Effects Laboratory Division, National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health-CDC, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, DHHS, 1095 Willowdale Road, M/S L-3014, Morgantown, WV 26505-2888, USA. Y1 - 2005/04/28/ PY - 2005 DA - 2005 Apr 28 SP - 201 EP - 211 VL - 221 IS - 2 SN - 0304-3835, 0304-3835 KW - Air Pollutants KW - 0 KW - Biomarkers KW - Benzo(a)pyrene KW - 3417WMA06D KW - Index Medicus KW - Air Pollutants -- pharmacology KW - Transcription, Genetic -- drug effects KW - Oligonucleotide Array Sequence Analysis KW - Cells, Cultured KW - Humans KW - Time Factors KW - Female KW - Mammary Glands, Human -- physiology KW - Benzo(a)pyrene -- pharmacology KW - Gene Expression Profiling KW - Epithelial Cells -- physiology KW - Epithelial Cells -- drug effects KW - Biomarkers -- metabolism KW - Gene Expression Regulation -- drug effects KW - Mammary Glands, Human -- drug effects UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/67705822?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Cancer+letters&rft.atitle=Transcriptional+signatures+of+environmentally+relevant+exposures+in+normal+human+mammary+epithelial+cells%3A+benzo%5Ba%5Dpyrene.&rft.au=Keshava%2C+Channa%3BWhipkey%2C+Diana%3BWeston%2C+Ainsley&rft.aulast=Keshava&rft.aufirst=Channa&rft.date=2005-04-28&rft.volume=221&rft.issue=2&rft.spage=201&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Cancer+letters&rft.issn=03043835&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 2005-05-31 N1 - Date created - 2005-04-05 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Assessing the National Electronic Injury Surveillance System-Cooperative Adverse Drug Event Surveillance project--six sites, United States, January 1-June 15, 2004. AN - 67767935; 15843786 AB - Adverse drug events (ADEs) occur when therapeutic drugs have injurious effects; current systems for conducting national ADE surveillance are limited, and current national estimates of ADE incidence are problematic. In 2003, CDC, in collaboration with the Consumer Product Safety Commission (CPSC) and the Food and Drug Administration (FDA), created the National Electronic Injury Surveillance System-Cooperative Adverse Drug Event Surveillance (NEISS-CADES) project by adding active surveillance of ADEs to the National Electronic Injury Surveillance System-All Injury Program (NEISS-AIP). Because ADEs can be more difficult to identify than other injuries, an independent chart review in a sample of six NEISS-CADES hospitals was conducted to evaluate the sensitivity and predictive value positive (PVP) of ADE identification. This report describes the results of that evaluation, which indicated that although PVP for ADEs was high, the sensitivity was low, particularly for certain types of ADEs. As a result of these findings, additional training on identifying and reporting ADEs was initiated for all NEISS-CADES hospital coders. As more persons in the United States use drug therapies, active, postmarketing surveillance of ADEs can help identify safety problems and guide prevention efforts. JF - MMWR. Morbidity and mortality weekly report AU - Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) AD - Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) Y1 - 2005/04/22/ PY - 2005 DA - 2005 Apr 22 SP - 380 EP - 383 VL - 54 IS - 15 KW - Index Medicus KW - Hospitals -- statistics & numerical data KW - Wounds and Injuries -- epidemiology KW - Humans KW - United States -- epidemiology KW - Adverse Drug Reaction Reporting Systems KW - Drug-Related Side Effects and Adverse Reactions KW - Population Surveillance UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/67767935?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=MMWR.+Morbidity+and+mortality+weekly+report&rft.atitle=Assessing+the+National+Electronic+Injury+Surveillance+System-Cooperative+Adverse+Drug+Event+Surveillance+project--six+sites%2C+United+States%2C+January+1-June+15%2C+2004.&rft.au=Centers+for+Disease+Control+and+Prevention+%28CDC%29&rft.aulast=Centers+for+Disease+Control+and+Prevention+%28CDC%29&rft.aufirst=&rft.date=2005-04-22&rft.volume=54&rft.issue=15&rft.spage=380&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=MMWR.+Morbidity+and+mortality+weekly+report&rft.issn=1545-861X&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 2005-04-25 N1 - Date created - 2005-04-21 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Acute public health consequences of methamphetamine laboratories--16 states, January 2000-June 2004. AN - 67743508; 15829865 AB - Methamphetamine (meth), a powerfully addictive stimulant, can be easily produced in illicit, makeshift laboratories and generally is considered the fastest-growing illicit drug in the United States. Aside from the inherent physical and physiological dangers of the drug itself, persons in and around meth laboratories can be acutely exposed to hazardous substances used in meth production. Exposure to these substances can occur from volatile air emissions, spills, fires, and explosions. This report describes examples of meth-associated events, summarizes the events reported to the Agency for Toxic Substances and Disease Registry (ATSDR), and suggests injury prevention recommendations, such as how to recognize and properly respond to meth laboratories. JF - MMWR. Morbidity and mortality weekly report AU - Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) AD - Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) Y1 - 2005/04/15/ PY - 2005 DA - 2005 Apr 15 SP - 356 EP - 359 VL - 54 IS - 14 KW - Hazardous Substances KW - 0 KW - Street Drugs KW - Methamphetamine KW - 44RAL3456C KW - Index Medicus KW - Wounds and Injuries -- epidemiology KW - Crime KW - Wounds and Injuries -- etiology KW - Humans KW - United States -- epidemiology KW - Laboratories KW - Environmental Exposure KW - Accidents -- statistics & numerical data UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/67743508?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=MMWR.+Morbidity+and+mortality+weekly+report&rft.atitle=Acute+public+health+consequences+of+methamphetamine+laboratories--16+states%2C+January+2000-June+2004.&rft.au=Centers+for+Disease+Control+and+Prevention+%28CDC%29&rft.aulast=Centers+for+Disease+Control+and+Prevention+%28CDC%29&rft.aufirst=&rft.date=2005-04-15&rft.volume=54&rft.issue=14&rft.spage=356&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=MMWR.+Morbidity+and+mortality+weekly+report&rft.issn=1545-861X&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 2005-04-15 N1 - Date created - 2005-04-14 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Preliminary FoodNet data on the incidence of infection with pathogens transmitted commonly through food--10 sites, United States, 2004. AN - 67743431; 15829864 AB - Foodborne illnesses are a substantial health burden in the United States. The Foodborne Diseases Active Surveillance Network (FoodNet) of CDC's Emerging Infections Program collects data from 10 U.S. sites on diseases caused by enteric pathogens transmitted commonly through food. FoodNet quantifies and monitors the incidence of these infections by conducting active, population-based surveillance for laboratory-diagnosed illness. This report describes preliminary surveillance data for 2004 and compares them with baseline data from the period 1996-1998. The 2004 data indicate declines in the incidence of infections caused by Campylobacter, Cryptosporidium, Shiga toxin-producing Escherichia coli (STEC) O157, Listeria, Salmonella, and Yersinia. Declines in Campylobacter and Listeria incidence are approaching national health objectives (objectives 10-1a through 1d); for the first time, the incidence of STEC O157 infections in FoodNet is below the 2010 target. However, further efforts are needed to sustain these declines and to improve prevention of foodborne infections; efforts should be enhanced to reduce pathogens in food animal reservoirs and to prevent contamination of produce. JF - MMWR. Morbidity and mortality weekly report AU - Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) AD - Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) Y1 - 2005/04/15/ PY - 2005 DA - 2005 Apr 15 SP - 352 EP - 356 VL - 54 IS - 14 KW - Index Medicus KW - Humans KW - United States -- epidemiology KW - Foodborne Diseases -- epidemiology KW - Foodborne Diseases -- microbiology KW - Population Surveillance UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/67743431?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=MMWR.+Morbidity+and+mortality+weekly+report&rft.atitle=Preliminary+FoodNet+data+on+the+incidence+of+infection+with+pathogens+transmitted+commonly+through+food--10+sites%2C+United+States%2C+2004.&rft.au=Centers+for+Disease+Control+and+Prevention+%28CDC%29&rft.aulast=Centers+for+Disease+Control+and+Prevention+%28CDC%29&rft.aufirst=&rft.date=2005-04-15&rft.volume=54&rft.issue=14&rft.spage=352&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=MMWR.+Morbidity+and+mortality+weekly+report&rft.issn=1545-861X&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 2005-04-15 N1 - Date created - 2005-04-14 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Anhydrous ammonia thefts and releases associated with illicit methamphetamine production--16 states, January 2000-June 2004. AN - 67739395; 15829866 AB - Anhydrous ammonia, a colorless gas with a pungent, suffocating fumes, is used primarily as an agricultural fertilizer and industrial refrigerant. Anhydrous ammonia is also a key ingredient for illicit methamphetamine (meth) production in makeshift laboratories. Exposure to anhydrous ammonia can be immediately dangerous to life or health. Anhydrous ammonia generally is not available for sale to the public; states require a license for purchase. Because of this, many illicit meth producers (i.e., "cookers") resort to stealing anhydrous ammonia. If released into the environment, anhydrous ammonia can cause acute injuries to emergency responders, the public, and the cookers themselves. In addition, when handled improperly, anhydrous ammonia can be explosive and deadly. This report describes examples of anhydrous ammonia thefts associated with illicit meth production, summarizes ammonia theft events reported to the Agency for Toxic Substances and Disease Registry (ATSDR), and suggests injury prevention recommendations, such as installing valve locks or fencing on unattended tanks and donning appropriate personal protective equipment (PPE) when responding to releases. JF - MMWR. Morbidity and mortality weekly report AU - Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) AD - Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) Y1 - 2005/04/15/ PY - 2005 DA - 2005 Apr 15 SP - 359 EP - 361 VL - 54 IS - 14 KW - Hazardous Substances KW - 0 KW - Street Drugs KW - Methamphetamine KW - 44RAL3456C KW - Ammonia KW - 7664-41-7 KW - Index Medicus KW - United States KW - Humans KW - Theft KW - Accidents KW - Laboratories KW - Environmental Exposure UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/67739395?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=MMWR.+Morbidity+and+mortality+weekly+report&rft.atitle=Anhydrous+ammonia+thefts+and+releases+associated+with+illicit+methamphetamine+production--16+states%2C+January+2000-June+2004.&rft.au=Centers+for+Disease+Control+and+Prevention+%28CDC%29&rft.aulast=Centers+for+Disease+Control+and+Prevention+%28CDC%29&rft.aufirst=&rft.date=2005-04-15&rft.volume=54&rft.issue=14&rft.spage=359&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=MMWR.+Morbidity+and+mortality+weekly+report&rft.issn=1545-861X&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 2005-04-15 N1 - Date created - 2005-04-14 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Outbreaks of Salmonella infections associated with eating Roma tomatoes--United States and Canada, 2004. AN - 67716982; 15815562 AB - Three outbreaks of Salmonella infections associated with eating Roma tomatoes were detected in the United States and Canada in the summer of 2004. In one multistate U.S. outbreak during June 25-July 18, multiple Salmonella serotypes were isolated, and cases were associated with exposure to Roma tomatoes from multiple locations of a chain delicatessen. Each of the other two outbreaks was characterized by a single Salmonella serotype: Braenderup in one multistate outbreak and Javiana in an outbreak in Canada. In the three outbreaks, 561 outbreak-related illnesses from 18 states and one province in Canada were identified. This report describes the subsequent investigations by public health and food safety agencies. Although a single tomato-packing house in Florida was common to all three outbreaks, other growers or packers also might have supplied contaminated Roma tomatoes that resulted in some of the illnesses. Environmental investigations are continuing. Because current knowledge of mechanisms of tomato contamination and methods of eradication of Salmonella in fruit is inadequate to ensure produce safety, further research should be a priority for the agricultural industry, food safety agencies, and the public health community. JF - MMWR. Morbidity and mortality weekly report AU - Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) AD - Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) Y1 - 2005/04/08/ PY - 2005 DA - 2005 Apr 08 SP - 325 EP - 328 VL - 54 IS - 13 KW - Index Medicus KW - Canada -- epidemiology KW - Humans KW - Salmonella -- isolation & purification KW - Disease Outbreaks KW - United States -- epidemiology KW - Salmonella Food Poisoning -- etiology KW - Salmonella Food Poisoning -- epidemiology KW - Lycopersicon esculentum -- microbiology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/67716982?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=MMWR.+Morbidity+and+mortality+weekly+report&rft.atitle=Outbreaks+of+Salmonella+infections+associated+with+eating+Roma+tomatoes--United+States+and+Canada%2C+2004.&rft.au=Centers+for+Disease+Control+and+Prevention+%28CDC%29&rft.aulast=Centers+for+Disease+Control+and+Prevention+%28CDC%29&rft.aufirst=&rft.date=2005-04-08&rft.volume=54&rft.issue=13&rft.spage=325&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=MMWR.+Morbidity+and+mortality+weekly+report&rft.issn=1545-861X&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 2005-04-11 N1 - Date created - 2005-04-07 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus Disease in Three Communities AN - 17141574; 6800214 AB - Background Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) infection has emerged in patients who do not have the established risk factors. The national burden and clinical effect of this novel presentation of MRSA disease are unclear. Methods We evaluated MRSA infections in patients identified from population-based surveillance in Baltimore and Atlanta and from hospital-laboratory-based sentinel surveillance of 12 hospitals in Minnesota. Information was obtained by interviewing patients and by reviewing their medical records. Infections were classified as community-acquired MRSA disease if no established risk factors were identified. Results From 2001 through 2002, 1647 cases of community-acquired MRSA infection were reported, representing between 8 and 20 percent of all MRSA isolates. The annual disease incidence varied according to site (25.7 cases per 100,000 population in Atlanta vs. 18.0 per 100,000 in Baltimore) and was significantly higher among persons less than two years old than among those who were two years of age or older (relative risk, 1.51; 95 percent confidence interval, 1.19 to 1.92) and among blacks than among whites in Atlanta (age- adjusted relative risk, 2.74; 95 percent confidence interval, 2.44 to 3.07). Six percent of cases were invasive, and 77 percent involved skin and soft tissue. The infecting strain of MRSA was often (73 percent) resistant to prescribed antimicrobial agents. Among patients with skin or soft-tissue infections, therapy to which the infecting strain was resistant did not appear to be associated with adverse patient-reported outcomes. Overall, 23 percent of patients were hospitalized for the MRSA infection. Conclusions Community-associated MRSA infections are now a common and serious problem. These infections usually involve the skin, especially among children, and hospitalization is common. JF - New England Journal of Medicine AU - Fridkin, S K AU - Hageman, J C AU - Morrison, M AU - Sanza, L T AU - Como-Sabetti, K AU - Jernigan, JA AU - Harriman, K AU - Harrison, L H AU - Lynfield, R AU - Farley, M M AD - CDC, NCID, DBMD, MDB, MS C-09, 1600 Clifton Rd., NE, Atlanta, GA 30333, USA, skf0@cdc.gov Y1 - 2005/04/07/ PY - 2005 DA - 2005 Apr 07 SP - 1436 EP - 1444 VL - 352 IS - 14 SN - 0028-4793, 0028-4793 KW - Microbiology Abstracts B: Bacteriology KW - Risk assessment KW - Skin KW - medical records KW - Children KW - Antimicrobial agents KW - Methicillin KW - Risk factors KW - Geriatrics KW - Staphylococcus aureus KW - Soft tissues KW - Antibiotic resistance KW - Hospitals KW - J 02795:Antibiotic resistance UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/17141574?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologyb&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=New+England+Journal+of+Medicine&rft.atitle=Methicillin-Resistant+Staphylococcus+aureus+Disease+in+Three+Communities&rft.au=Fridkin%2C+S+K%3BHageman%2C+J+C%3BMorrison%2C+M%3BSanza%2C+L+T%3BComo-Sabetti%2C+K%3BJernigan%2C+JA%3BHarriman%2C+K%3BHarrison%2C+L+H%3BLynfield%2C+R%3BFarley%2C+M+M&rft.aulast=Fridkin&rft.aufirst=S&rft.date=2005-04-07&rft.volume=352&rft.issue=14&rft.spage=1436&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=New+England+Journal+of+Medicine&rft.issn=00284793&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-06-01 N1 - Last updated - 2015-03-25 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Risk assessment; Skin; Methicillin; medical records; Risk factors; Geriatrics; Children; Soft tissues; Antibiotic resistance; Antimicrobial agents; Hospitals; Staphylococcus aureus ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Blood-borne pathogens among firefighters and emergency medical technicians. AN - 68065250; 16036853 AB - Firefighters and emergency medical services (EMS) personnel have the potential for occupational exposures to blood, which increases their risk for occupational blood-borne infection. To address this concern, the authors conducted a literature review of occupational blood exposures, the seroprevalence of blood-borne pathogens among these workers, and the seroprevalence of blood-borne pathogens among the patients they serve. A MEDLINE search was conducted, and all identified articles that described surveys of exposures to blood or surveillance of blood-borne infections among firefighters and/or emergency medical technicians (EMTs) in the United States were reviewed. For hepatitis B, only seroprevalence surveys conducted after the 1992 requirement by the Bloodborne Pathogens Standard to offer vaccination to potentially exposed employees were included. From these data, the expected number of annual occupational hapatitis C virus seroconversions was estimated to be between 5.8 and 118.9 per 100,000 employee-years for EMT-paramedics, between 3.4 and 33.7 per 100,000 for firefighter-EMTs, and up to 3.6 per 100,000 for firefighters (non-EMT). This review suggests there are a limited number of studies addressing this issue, and these studies have numerous limitations. Despite the expected occupational seroconversions and recognizing the limitations in drawing conclusions from these studies, it appears that firefighters and EMS personnel do not have an elevated seroprevalence of hepatitis C virus compared with the general population. Improved exposure surveillance programs would clarify exposure risks and identify potential interventions for firefighters and EMS personnel. JF - Prehospital emergency care : official journal of the National Association of EMS Physicians and the National Association of State EMS Directors AU - Boal, Winifred L AU - Hales, Thomas AU - Ross, Clara Sue AD - National Institute of Occupational Safety, Cincinnati, OH 45226, USA. wboal@cdc.gov PY - 2005 SP - 236 EP - 247 VL - 9 IS - 2 SN - 1090-3127, 1090-3127 KW - Index Medicus KW - Substance-Related Disorders -- diagnosis KW - Fires KW - Humans KW - Seroepidemiologic Studies KW - United States -- epidemiology KW - Substance-Related Disorders -- epidemiology KW - Substance Abuse Detection -- statistics & numerical data KW - Occupational Exposure -- statistics & numerical data KW - Emergency Medical Technicians -- statistics & numerical data KW - Occupational Diseases -- epidemiology KW - Hepatitis C -- epidemiology KW - HIV Infections -- epidemiology KW - Hepatitis B -- epidemiology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/68065250?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Prehospital+emergency+care+%3A+official+journal+of+the+National+Association+of+EMS+Physicians+and+the+National+Association+of+State+EMS+Directors&rft.atitle=Blood-borne+pathogens+among+firefighters+and+emergency+medical+technicians.&rft.au=Boal%2C+Winifred+L%3BHales%2C+Thomas%3BRoss%2C+Clara+Sue&rft.aulast=Boal&rft.aufirst=Winifred&rft.date=2005-04-01&rft.volume=9&rft.issue=2&rft.spage=236&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Prehospital+emergency+care+%3A+official+journal+of+the+National+Association+of+EMS+Physicians+and+the+National+Association+of+State+EMS+Directors&rft.issn=10903127&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 2005-10-07 N1 - Date created - 2005-07-22 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Bioavailability of beryllium oxide particles: an in vitro study in the murine J774A.1 macrophage cell line model. AN - 67945192; 15962713 AB - Beryllium metal and its oxide and alloys are materials of industrial significance with recognized adverse effects on worker health. Currently, the degree of risk associated with exposure to these materials in the workplace is assessed through measurement of beryllium aerosol mass concentration. Compliance with the current mass-based occupational exposure limit has proven ineffective at eliminating the occurrence of chronic beryllium disease (CBD). The rationale for this research was to examine the mechanism of beryllium bioavailability, which may be pertinent to risk. The authors tested the hypothesis in vitro that dissolution of particles engulfed by macrophages is greater than dissolution in cellular medium alone. Physicochemical changes were evaluated in vitro for well-characterized high-purity beryllium oxide (BeO) particles in cell-free media alone and engulfed by and retained within murine J774A.1 monocyte-macrophage cells. The BeO particles were from a commercially available powder and consisted of diffuse clusters (aerodynamic diameter range 1.5 to 2.5 microm) of 200-nm diameter primary particles. Following incubation for 124 to 144 hours, particles were recovered and recharacterized. Recovered particles were similar in morphology, chemical composition, and size relative to the original material, confirming the relatively insoluble nature of the BeO particles. Measurable levels of dissolved beryllium, representing 0.3% to 4.8% of the estimated total beryllium mass added, were measured in the recovered intracellular fluid. Dissolved beryllium was not detected in the extracellular media. The BeO chemical dissolution rate constant in the J774A. 1 cells was 2.1 +/- 1.7 x 10(-8)g/(cm2 . day). In contrast, the BeO chemical dissolution rate constant in cell-free media was < 8.1 x 10(-9)g/(cm2 . day). In vivo, beryllium dissolved by macrophages may be released in the pulmonary alveolar environment, in the lymphatic system after transport of beryllium by macrophages, or in the alveolar interstitium after migration and dissolution of beryllium particles in tissue. These findings demonstrate a mechanism of bioavailability for beryllium, are consistent with previously observed results in canine alveolar macrophages, and provide insights into additional research needs to understand and prevent beryllium sensitization and CBD. JF - Experimental lung research AU - Day, Gregory A AU - Hoover, Mark D AU - Stefaniak, Aleksandr B AU - Dickerson, Robert M AU - Peterson, Eric J AU - Esmen, Nurtan A AU - Scripsick, Ronald C AD - Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, Division of Respiratory Disease Studies, Morgantown, West Virginia, USA. gdd2@cdc.gov Y1 - 2005/04// PY - 2005 DA - April 2005 SP - 341 EP - 360 VL - 31 IS - 3 SN - 0190-2148, 0190-2148 KW - beryllium oxide KW - 2S8NLR37S3 KW - Beryllium KW - OW5102UV6N KW - Index Medicus KW - Berylliosis -- immunology KW - Animals KW - Antigen Presentation KW - Macrophages -- immunology KW - Berylliosis -- etiology KW - Particle Size KW - Humans KW - Mice KW - Macrophages -- drug effects KW - Models, Biological KW - Biological Availability KW - Microscopy, Electron KW - Phagocytosis KW - Cell Line KW - Macrophages -- metabolism KW - Beryllium -- pharmacokinetics KW - Beryllium -- immunology KW - Beryllium -- toxicity UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/67945192?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Experimental+lung+research&rft.atitle=Bioavailability+of+beryllium+oxide+particles%3A+an+in+vitro+study+in+the+murine+J774A.1+macrophage+cell+line+model.&rft.au=Day%2C+Gregory+A%3BHoover%2C+Mark+D%3BStefaniak%2C+Aleksandr+B%3BDickerson%2C+Robert+M%3BPeterson%2C+Eric+J%3BEsmen%2C+Nurtan+A%3BScripsick%2C+Ronald+C&rft.aulast=Day&rft.aufirst=Gregory&rft.date=2005-04-01&rft.volume=31&rft.issue=3&rft.spage=341&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Experimental+lung+research&rft.issn=01902148&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 2005-07-28 N1 - Date created - 2005-06-20 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Differential pressure as a measure of particulate matter emissions from diesel engines. AN - 67796333; 15871261 AB - A diesel particulate matter analyzer capable of direct, real-time measurement of engine exhaust particulate is necessary to effectively institute source control technology currently being used on diesel equipment and to ensure that the control measures are working. To investigate the potential of a differential pressure monitor to measure diesel particulate matter in undiluted exhaust, samples were collected from three different diesel engines--Kubota, Isuzu, and Deutz--running under 12 different RPM and load scenarios. These measurements were compared to elemental carbon concentrations in the sampled exhaust as determined by using the NIOSH 5040 analytical method. Elemental carbon is used as a surrogate measurement for diesel particulate matter. The results of the two data sets were then compared using a linear regression analysis. The coefficient of determination (or R2) was calculated to be 0.98, 0.94, and 0.74 for the Kubota, Deutz, and Isuzu engines, respectively. R2 values of this magnitude indicate that this method can be successful in estimating elemental carbon emissions in the engines tested. In addition, for replicate samples, the coefficient of variation ranged from 7.1% to 10.2% with an average of 8.5%. These data indicate that this method could prove useful to mechanics as they work to maintain engines and DPM control technologies. JF - Environmental science & technology AU - Mischler, Steven E AU - Volkwein, Jon C AD - National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, Pittsburgh Research Laboratory, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15236, USA. smischler@cdc.gov Y1 - 2005/04/01/ PY - 2005 DA - 2005 Apr 01 SP - 2255 EP - 2261 VL - 39 IS - 7 SN - 0013-936X, 0013-936X KW - Vehicle Emissions KW - 0 KW - Carbon KW - 7440-44-0 KW - Index Medicus KW - Regression Analysis KW - Particle Size KW - Carbon -- analysis KW - Pressure KW - Chemistry, Physical -- methods KW - Environmental Monitoring -- methods KW - Vehicle Emissions -- analysis UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/67796333?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Environmental+science+%26+technology&rft.atitle=Differential+pressure+as+a+measure+of+particulate+matter+emissions+from+diesel+engines.&rft.au=Mischler%2C+Steven+E%3BVolkwein%2C+Jon+C&rft.aulast=Mischler&rft.aufirst=Steven&rft.date=2005-04-01&rft.volume=39&rft.issue=7&rft.spage=2255&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Environmental+science+%26+technology&rft.issn=0013936X&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 2005-06-16 N1 - Date created - 2005-05-05 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - What happened in the SUMIT trial? Mediation and behavior change. AN - 67750306; 15838189 AB - We wished to identify which potential mediators of the Seropositive Urban Men's Intervention Trial (SUMIT) intervention were in fact changed by the intervention, and further to identify which among these factors distinguished men who decreased their risk behavior relative to those who increased it, irrespective of the intervention arm. We examined social cognitive theory and other psychosocial variables that the intervention was designed to affect (potential mediators) in both sets of analyses. These were assessed at baseline, 3-month follow-up, and 6-month follow-up. We tested which potential mediators were changed by the intervention relative to the comparison arm, and which of these factors distinguished men discontinuing risk behavior [unprotected insertive anal intercourse (UIAI) or UIAI with HIV-negative or status-unknown partners] compared with those initiating it. Factors changed by the intervention included partner serostatus assumption making, hedonistic condom outcome expectancies, anxiety and depression. Factors associated with behavioral risk reduction included personal responsibility to protect others from infection and self-evaluative outcome expectancies regarding transmission risk behavior. These constructs are similar and involve the engagement of moral processes and altruism in sexual behavior with others. The present results suggest that, although we designed the intervention to enhance personal responsibility to protect others from HIV, we were not successful in this goal. However, changes in this factor did prove to be an important correlate of behavior change. Possible ways to design and deliver more successful interventions are discussed. JF - AIDS (London, England) AU - O'Leary, Ann AU - Hoff, Colleen C AU - Purcell, David W AU - Gómez, Cynthia A AU - Parsons, Jeffrey T AU - Hardnett, Felicia AU - Lyles, Cynthia M AD - Divisions of HIV/AIDS Prevention, National Center for HIV, STD, and TB Prevention, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, 1600 Clifton Road, MS E-37, Atlanta, GA 30333, USA. aoleary@cdc.gov Y1 - 2005/04// PY - 2005 DA - April 2005 SP - S111 EP - S121 VL - 19 Suppl 1 SN - 0269-9370, 0269-9370 KW - Index Medicus KW - AIDS/HIV KW - Condoms -- utilization KW - Multicenter Studies as Topic KW - Randomized Controlled Trials as Topic KW - Unsafe Sex KW - Attitude to Health KW - Patient Satisfaction KW - Humans KW - Peer Group KW - Risk Assessment KW - Sexual Partners KW - Compulsive Behavior KW - Treatment Outcome KW - Substance-Related Disorders -- complications KW - Self Efficacy KW - Male KW - HIV Seropositivity -- psychology KW - HIV Infections -- prevention & control KW - Behavior Therapy -- methods KW - HIV Infections -- psychology KW - Bisexuality -- psychology KW - Homosexuality, Male -- psychology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/67750306?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=AIDS+%28London%2C+England%29&rft.atitle=What+happened+in+the+SUMIT+trial%3F+Mediation+and+behavior+change.&rft.au=O%27Leary%2C+Ann%3BHoff%2C+Colleen+C%3BPurcell%2C+David+W%3BG%C3%B3mez%2C+Cynthia+A%3BParsons%2C+Jeffrey+T%3BHardnett%2C+Felicia%3BLyles%2C+Cynthia+M&rft.aulast=O%27Leary&rft.aufirst=Ann&rft.date=2005-04-01&rft.volume=19+Suppl+1&rft.issue=&rft.spage=S111&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=AIDS+%28London%2C+England%29&rft.issn=02699370&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 2006-06-29 N1 - Date created - 2005-04-19 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Predictors of the use of viagra, testosterone, and antidepressants among HIV-seropositive gay and bisexual men. AN - 67749985; 15838195 AB - To examine the use and correlates of the use of prescription drugs that may affect sexual behavior among HIV-positive gay and bisexual men. In a cross-sectional assessment of baseline data from a behavioral intervention, we recruited 1168 HIV-positive gay and bisexual men in 2000-2001 from community venues in New York City and San Francisco, and determined the point prevalence of the use of viagra, testosterone, and antidepressants. We examined bivariate and multivariate associations between the use of each drug and demographics, health status, substance use, psychological symptoms, and sexual risk. The current use of antidepressants was 21%, testosterone 19%, and viagra 12%. Some viagra users reported using drugs that could interact dangerously with viagra. The use of viagra, testosterone, or antidepressants was related to unprotected receptive anal intercourse and unprotected insertive oral intercourse (UIOI) with both HIV-positive and HIV-negative/unknown-status casual partners. The use of viagra was also associated with unprotected insertive anal intercourse. In multivariate models, viagra use was associated with being older, more educated, using ketamine, and engaging in UIOI with HIV-negative/unknown-status casual partners. Testosterone use was associated with being more educated and using nitrites (poppers). Antidepressant use was associated with race, using poppers, and being more depressed. Prescription medications used by HIV-positive men can have unintended negative effects such as drug interactions or associations with risky sexual behavior, particularly a drug such as viagra that is fast acting, short lasting, and provides a desirable effect. Physicians should discuss these issues with patients when prescribing, and interventions should address these challenges. JF - AIDS (London, England) AU - Purcell, David W AU - Wolitski, Richard J AU - Hoff, Colleen C AU - Parsons, Jeffrey T AU - Woods, William J AU - Halkitis, Perry N AD - Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, 1600 Clifton Road, MS E-37, Atlanta, GA 30333, USA. dpurcell@cdc.gov Y1 - 2005/04// PY - 2005 DA - April 2005 SP - S57 EP - S66 VL - 19 Suppl 1 SN - 0269-9370, 0269-9370 KW - Antidepressive Agents KW - 0 KW - Phosphodiesterase Inhibitors KW - Piperazines KW - Purines KW - Sulfones KW - Testosterone KW - 3XMK78S47O KW - Sildenafil Citrate KW - BW9B0ZE037 KW - Index Medicus KW - AIDS/HIV KW - Regression Analysis KW - Drug Interactions KW - Testosterone -- therapeutic use KW - Erectile Dysfunction -- drug therapy KW - Humans KW - Health Status KW - Phosphodiesterase Inhibitors -- therapeutic use KW - Depressive Disorder -- complications KW - Multivariate Analysis KW - Cross-Sectional Studies KW - New York City -- epidemiology KW - Risk Factors KW - Adult KW - Antidepressive Agents -- therapeutic use KW - Depressive Disorder -- drug therapy KW - Substance-Related Disorders -- complications KW - San Francisco -- epidemiology KW - Erectile Dysfunction -- complications KW - Male KW - Substance-Related Disorders -- epidemiology KW - Drug Prescriptions -- statistics & numerical data KW - Bisexuality -- statistics & numerical data KW - Piperazines -- therapeutic use KW - Homosexuality, Male -- statistics & numerical data KW - HIV Seropositivity -- epidemiology KW - Bisexuality -- psychology KW - Homosexuality, Male -- psychology KW - HIV Seropositivity -- complications UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/67749985?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=AIDS+%28London%2C+England%29&rft.atitle=Predictors+of+the+use+of+viagra%2C+testosterone%2C+and+antidepressants+among+HIV-seropositive+gay+and+bisexual+men.&rft.au=Purcell%2C+David+W%3BWolitski%2C+Richard+J%3BHoff%2C+Colleen+C%3BParsons%2C+Jeffrey+T%3BWoods%2C+William+J%3BHalkitis%2C+Perry+N&rft.aulast=Purcell&rft.aufirst=David&rft.date=2005-04-01&rft.volume=19+Suppl+1&rft.issue=&rft.spage=S57&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=AIDS+%28London%2C+England%29&rft.issn=02699370&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 2006-06-29 N1 - Date created - 2005-04-19 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Psychosocial correlates of transmission risk behavior among HIV-seropositive gay and bisexual men. AN - 67748247; 15838196 AB - We sought to identify the determinants of sexual transmission risk behavior by HIV-positive individuals. We examined social cognitive theory (SCT) variables, which have been found to mediate the effectiveness of HIV risk reduction interventions. We also sought to identify contextual influences that might contribute to initial levels of SCT factors such as self-efficacy. In the present study, a series of social cognitive variables and a number of factors hypothesized to influence self-efficacy were assessed among participants at baseline in the Seropositive Urban Men's Intervention Trial. Variables tested for their effects on self-efficacy included hedonistic and self-evaluative outcome expectancies, sexual compulsivity, a history of childhood sexual abuse, drug use, and race. Models predicting condom use during anal sex with partners of HIV-negative or unknown status were tested separately for main partners and for non-main partners. Self-efficacy was associated with condom use in both analyses. Contextual influences on condom use with main partners were fewer and operated mostly via effects on self-efficacy. Influences on condom use with non-main partners exerted both direct effects on condom use and effects mediated by self-efficacy. Drug use was predictive of condom use with non-main, but not main, partners. The present results support the approach of addressing both standard SCT factors, and when possible contextual factors in interventions for HIV-positive men. JF - AIDS (London, England) AU - O'Leary, Ann AU - Wolitski, Richard J AU - Remien, Robert H AU - Woods, William J AU - Parsons, Jeffrey T AU - Moss, Susan AU - Lyles, Cynthia M AD - Divisions of HIV/AIDS Prevention, National Center for HIV, STD, and TB Prevention, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, 1600 Clifton Road, MS E-37, Atlanta, GA 30333, USA. aoleary@cdc.gov Y1 - 2005/04// PY - 2005 DA - April 2005 SP - S67 EP - S75 VL - 19 Suppl 1 SN - 0269-9370, 0269-9370 KW - Index Medicus KW - AIDS/HIV KW - Condoms -- utilization KW - Self Disclosure KW - Attitude to Health KW - Risk-Taking KW - Humans KW - Compulsive Behavior -- psychology KW - Continental Population Groups KW - Child KW - Sexual Partners KW - Risk Assessment KW - Child Abuse, Sexual -- psychology KW - New York City -- epidemiology KW - Adult KW - Substance-Related Disorders KW - Self Efficacy KW - San Francisco -- epidemiology KW - Male KW - Bisexuality -- statistics & numerical data KW - HIV Seropositivity -- psychology KW - Unsafe Sex -- statistics & numerical data KW - Homosexuality, Male -- statistics & numerical data KW - HIV Seropositivity -- transmission KW - HIV Seropositivity -- epidemiology KW - Bisexuality -- psychology KW - Homosexuality, Male -- psychology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/67748247?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=AIDS+%28London%2C+England%29&rft.atitle=Psychosocial+correlates+of+transmission+risk+behavior+among+HIV-seropositive+gay+and+bisexual+men.&rft.au=O%27Leary%2C+Ann%3BWolitski%2C+Richard+J%3BRemien%2C+Robert+H%3BWoods%2C+William+J%3BParsons%2C+Jeffrey+T%3BMoss%2C+Susan%3BLyles%2C+Cynthia+M&rft.aulast=O%27Leary&rft.aufirst=Ann&rft.date=2005-04-01&rft.volume=19+Suppl+1&rft.issue=&rft.spage=S67&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=AIDS+%28London%2C+England%29&rft.issn=02699370&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 2006-06-29 N1 - Date created - 2005-04-19 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Illicit substance use, sexual risk, and HIV-positive gay and bisexual men: differences by serostatus of casual partners. AN - 67748216; 15838193 AB - To examine the use of alcohol and illicit drugs among HIV-positive gay and bisexual men and to determine substance-use-related predictors of unprotected sex with casual partners who were HIV negative, HIV positive, or whose serostatus was unknown. Cross-sectional assessment of baseline data from a behavioral intervention. From 1999 to 2001, we recruited 1168 HIV-positive gay and bisexual men in New York City and San Francisco and determined the prevalence of drinking and drug use, as well as the use of substances with sex. We then examined associations between substance use variables and risky sexual behaviors with casual partners by partner serostatus. Substance use was common, and the use of "party drugs" [e.g. methamphetamine, nitrate inhalants (poppers), ketamine, and gamma hydroxybutyrate] was most often associated with sexual risk in multivariate models. Substance use before or during sex was not associated with risk with HIV-negative partners, but was associated with risk with HIV-positive and unknown-serostatus partners. Substance use before or during sex was not associated with risk with HIV-negative partners, suggesting that disclosure by HIV-negative sexual partners of HIV-positive men may be important. Being a user of particular party drugs was associated with recent risk with HIV-negative partners. With partners whose serostatus was unknown, the use of certain party drugs and using substances in the context of sex was associated with risk, possibly as a result of reliance on assumptions of seroconcordance. This same pattern was seen for HIV-positive casual partners. These data have intervention implications for both HIV-positive and HIV-negative men. JF - AIDS (London, England) AU - Purcell, David W AU - Moss, Susan AU - Remien, Robert H AU - Woods, William J AU - Parsons, Jeffrey T AD - Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, 1600 Clifton Road, MS E-37, Atlanta, GA 30333, USA. dpurcell@cdc.gov Y1 - 2005/04// PY - 2005 DA - April 2005 SP - S37 EP - S47 VL - 19 Suppl 1 SN - 0269-9370, 0269-9370 KW - Index Medicus KW - AIDS/HIV KW - Regression Analysis KW - Cross-Sectional Studies KW - New York City -- epidemiology KW - Risk Factors KW - Humans KW - Adult KW - San Francisco -- epidemiology KW - Male KW - Sexual Partners KW - Prevalence KW - Unsafe Sex -- psychology KW - Bisexuality -- statistics & numerical data KW - HIV Seropositivity -- psychology KW - Alcohol Drinking -- psychology KW - Unsafe Sex -- statistics & numerical data KW - Homosexuality, Male -- statistics & numerical data KW - Substance-Related Disorders -- psychology KW - Alcohol Drinking -- epidemiology KW - Bisexuality -- psychology KW - Homosexuality, Male -- psychology KW - Substance-Related Disorders -- epidemiology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/67748216?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=AIDS+%28London%2C+England%29&rft.atitle=Illicit+substance+use%2C+sexual+risk%2C+and+HIV-positive+gay+and+bisexual+men%3A+differences+by+serostatus+of+casual+partners.&rft.au=Purcell%2C+David+W%3BMoss%2C+Susan%3BRemien%2C+Robert+H%3BWoods%2C+William+J%3BParsons%2C+Jeffrey+T&rft.aulast=Purcell&rft.aufirst=David&rft.date=2005-04-01&rft.volume=19+Suppl+1&rft.issue=&rft.spage=S37&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=AIDS+%28London%2C+England%29&rft.issn=02699370&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 2006-06-29 N1 - Date created - 2005-04-19 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Sexual risk, substance use, and psychological distress in HIV-positive gay and bisexual men who also inject drugs. AN - 67746255; 15838194 AB - Gay and bisexual men and injection drug users (IDU) are the two main groups at risk of HIV exposure in the United States, but few studies have focused on the intersection of these two groups. Little is known about HIV-positive gay and bisexual IDU. The aim of this study is to identify and compare differences in HIV transmission risk behaviors and psychological distress in HIV-positive gay and bisexual men by injection versus non-injection drug use. Data were from the baseline assessment of a randomized controlled trial of an HIV prevention intervention for HIV-positive gay and bisexual men. Of the 1168 men, 236 (20%) reported injection drug use, 500 (43%) reported only non-injection drug use, and 422 (36%) reported no drug use. More of the IDU reported having sex with women, and identified themselves as "barebackers" (i.e. men who intentionally have unprotected anal intercourse). IDU reported more unprotected sexual behaviors than men who did not use drugs, but their sexual risk behaviors were similar to those of men who used non-injection drugs. IDU, compared with other drug users, reported more use of non-injected methamphetamine, amphetamine, barbiturates, and gamma hydroxybutyrate. More IDU, compared with the other two groups, reported sexual abuse, anxiety, and hostility. HIV-positive gay and bisexual IDU are a distinct group from other HIV-positive gay and bisexual men. Prevention case management and interventions that help men cope with multiple health concerns and prevent HIV transmission are needed for this population. JF - AIDS (London, England) AU - Ibañez, Gladys E AU - Purcell, David W AU - Stall, Ron AU - Parsons, Jeffrey T AU - Gómez, Cynthia A AD - Divisions of HIV/AIDS Prevention, National Center for HIV, STD, and TB Prevention, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, 1600 Clifton Road, MS E-37, Atlanta, GA 30333, USA. gbi2@cdc.gov Y1 - 2005/04// PY - 2005 DA - April 2005 SP - S49 EP - S55 VL - 19 Suppl 1 SN - 0269-9370, 0269-9370 KW - Index Medicus KW - AIDS/HIV KW - Homosexuality, Male KW - Risk-Taking KW - Humans KW - Aged KW - Substance Abuse, Intravenous -- epidemiology KW - Sexual Partners KW - New York City -- epidemiology KW - Bisexuality KW - Adult KW - Middle Aged KW - San Francisco -- epidemiology KW - Adolescent KW - Male KW - Substance Abuse, Intravenous -- psychology KW - Unsafe Sex -- psychology KW - Stress, Psychological -- etiology KW - HIV Seropositivity -- psychology KW - Stress, Psychological -- epidemiology KW - Substance-Related Disorders -- psychology KW - HIV Seropositivity -- transmission KW - HIV Seropositivity -- epidemiology KW - Substance-Related Disorders -- epidemiology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/67746255?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=AIDS+%28London%2C+England%29&rft.atitle=Sexual+risk%2C+substance+use%2C+and+psychological+distress+in+HIV-positive+gay+and+bisexual+men+who+also+inject+drugs.&rft.au=Iba%C3%B1ez%2C+Gladys+E%3BPurcell%2C+David+W%3BStall%2C+Ron%3BParsons%2C+Jeffrey+T%3BG%C3%B3mez%2C+Cynthia+A&rft.aulast=Iba%C3%B1ez&rft.aufirst=Gladys&rft.date=2005-04-01&rft.volume=19+Suppl+1&rft.issue=&rft.spage=S49&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=AIDS+%28London%2C+England%29&rft.issn=02699370&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 2006-06-29 N1 - Date created - 2005-04-19 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Tuberculosis mortality by industry in the United States, 1990-1999. AN - 67744606; 15830750 AB - To identify occupations and industries with elevated respiratory tuberculosis (TB) mortality in the United States for the period 1990-1999, we used National Center for Health Statistics multiple-cause-of-death data, restricted to certain states for which information on decedents' usual industry and occupational information was available and limited to US residents aged > or =15 years. A total of 7686 deaths between 1990 and 1999 were attributed to respiratory TB. Proportionate mortality ratios (PMRs), adjusted for age, sex, and race, were calculated from US census occupation and industry classifications. Industries and occupations involving potential contact with infected cases (e.g., health care workers), those with silica exposure and silicosis (e.g., mining and construction), and those associated with low socioeconomic status had significantly elevated TB mortality. Overall, the pattern of findings echoes that described in various prior reports, which indicates that the potential for exposure and disease development still persists among certain worker groups. The findings should be useful in guiding occupationally targeted TB prevention programs. JF - The international journal of tuberculosis and lung disease : the official journal of the International Union against Tuberculosis and Lung Disease AU - Bang, K M AU - Weissman, D N AU - Wood, J M AU - Attfield, M D AD - Division of Respiratory Disease Studies, National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, Morgantown, West Virginia 26505, USA. kmb2@cdc.gov Y1 - 2005/04// PY - 2005 DA - April 2005 SP - 437 EP - 442 VL - 9 IS - 4 SN - 1027-3719, 1027-3719 KW - Index Medicus KW - Occupational Exposure KW - Humans KW - Silicosis -- mortality KW - United States -- epidemiology KW - Male KW - Female KW - Occupational Diseases -- mortality KW - Tuberculosis, Pulmonary -- mortality KW - Industry UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/67744606?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+international+journal+of+tuberculosis+and+lung+disease+%3A+the+official+journal+of+the+International+Union+against+Tuberculosis+and+Lung+Disease&rft.atitle=Tuberculosis+mortality+by+industry+in+the+United+States%2C+1990-1999.&rft.au=Bang%2C+K+M%3BWeissman%2C+D+N%3BWood%2C+J+M%3BAttfield%2C+M+D&rft.aulast=Bang&rft.aufirst=K&rft.date=2005-04-01&rft.volume=9&rft.issue=4&rft.spage=437&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=The+international+journal+of+tuberculosis+and+lung+disease+%3A+the+official+journal+of+the+International+Union+against+Tuberculosis+and+Lung+Disease&rft.issn=10273719&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 2005-08-02 N1 - Date created - 2005-04-15 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Multistate outbreak of Listeria monocytogenes infection linked to delicatessen turkey meat. AN - 67732953; 15824987 AB - Despite a decreasing incidence of listeriosis in the United States, molecular subtyping has increased the number of recognized outbreaks. In September 2000, the New York City Department of Health identified a cluster of infections caused by Listeria monocytogenes isolates with identical molecular subtypes by pulsed-field gel electrophoresis (PFGE) and ribotyping. To determine the magnitude of the outbreak and identify risk factors for infection, we notified state health departments and conducted a case-control study. A case was defined as a patient or mother-infant pair infected with Listeria monocytogenes whose isolate yielded the outbreak PFGE pattern. Controls were patients infected with Listeria monocytogenes whose isolate yielded a different PFGE pattern. Patients were asked about food and drink consumed during the 30 days before the onset of illness. Between May and December 2000, there were 30 clinical isolates of Listeria monocytogenes with identical PFGE patterns identified in 11 US states. Cases of infection caused by these isolates were associated with 4 deaths and 3 miscarriages. A case-control study implicated sliced processed turkey from a delicatessen (Mantel-Haenszel odds ratio, 8.0; 95% confidence interval, 1.2-43.3). A traceback investigation identified a single processing plant as the likely source of the outbreak, and the company voluntarily recalled 16 million pounds of processed meat. The same plant had been identified in a Listeria contamination event that had occurred more than a decade previously. Prevention of persistent L. monocytogenes contamination in food processing plants presents a critical challenge to food safety professionals. JF - Clinical infectious diseases : an official publication of the Infectious Diseases Society of America AU - Olsen, Sonja J AU - Patrick, Mary AU - Hunter, Susan B AU - Reddy, Vasudha AU - Kornstein, Laura AU - MacKenzie, William R AU - Lane, Kimberly AU - Bidol, Sally AU - Stoltman, Gillian A AU - Frye, Douglas M AU - Lee, Irene AU - Hurd, Sharon AU - Jones, Timothy F AU - LaPorte, Tracy N AU - Dewitt, Wallis AU - Graves, Lewis AU - Wiedmann, Martin AU - Schoonmaker-Bopp, Dianna J AU - Huang, Ada J AU - Vincent, Curt AU - Bugenhagen, Al AU - Corby, Joe AU - Carloni, Edmund R AU - Holcomb, Mara E AU - Woron, Raymond F AU - Zansky, Shelley M AU - Dowdle, Gerrie AU - Smith, Forrest AU - Ahrabi-Fard, Susann AU - Ong, Anna Rae AU - Tucker, Nicole AU - Hynes, Noreen A AU - Mead, Paul AD - Foodborne and Diarrheal Diseases Branch, Centers for DiseaseControl and Prevention, Atlanta, USA. sco2@cdc.gov Y1 - 2005/04/01/ PY - 2005 DA - 2005 Apr 01 SP - 962 EP - 967 VL - 40 IS - 7 KW - Index Medicus KW - Animals KW - Aged, 80 and over KW - Humans KW - Adult KW - Case-Control Studies KW - Aged KW - Middle Aged KW - United States -- epidemiology KW - Male KW - Female KW - Listeriosis -- epidemiology KW - Turkeys -- microbiology KW - Food Microbiology KW - Disease Outbreaks KW - Poultry Products -- microbiology KW - Listeriosis -- microbiology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/67732953?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Clinical+infectious+diseases+%3A+an+official+publication+of+the+Infectious+Diseases+Society+of+America&rft.atitle=Multistate+outbreak+of+Listeria+monocytogenes+infection+linked+to+delicatessen+turkey+meat.&rft.au=Olsen%2C+Sonja+J%3BPatrick%2C+Mary%3BHunter%2C+Susan+B%3BReddy%2C+Vasudha%3BKornstein%2C+Laura%3BMacKenzie%2C+William+R%3BLane%2C+Kimberly%3BBidol%2C+Sally%3BStoltman%2C+Gillian+A%3BFrye%2C+Douglas+M%3BLee%2C+Irene%3BHurd%2C+Sharon%3BJones%2C+Timothy+F%3BLaPorte%2C+Tracy+N%3BDewitt%2C+Wallis%3BGraves%2C+Lewis%3BWiedmann%2C+Martin%3BSchoonmaker-Bopp%2C+Dianna+J%3BHuang%2C+Ada+J%3BVincent%2C+Curt%3BBugenhagen%2C+Al%3BCorby%2C+Joe%3BCarloni%2C+Edmund+R%3BHolcomb%2C+Mara+E%3BWoron%2C+Raymond+F%3BZansky%2C+Shelley+M%3BDowdle%2C+Gerrie%3BSmith%2C+Forrest%3BAhrabi-Fard%2C+Susann%3BOng%2C+Anna+Rae%3BTucker%2C+Nicole%3BHynes%2C+Noreen+A%3BMead%2C+Paul&rft.aulast=Olsen&rft.aufirst=Sonja&rft.date=2005-04-01&rft.volume=40&rft.issue=7&rft.spage=962&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Clinical+infectious+diseases+%3A+an+official+publication+of+the+Infectious+Diseases+Society+of+America&rft.issn=1537-6591&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 2006-07-24 N1 - Date created - 2005-04-12 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Adverse events and treatment completion for latent tuberculosis in jail inmates and homeless persons. AN - 67725660; 15821208 AB - Recently, a short-course treatment using 60 daily doses of rifampin and pyrazinamide was recommended for latent tuberculosis (TB) infection (LTBI). To determine the acceptability, tolerability, and completion of treatment. Observational cohort study. Five county jails and TB outreach clinics for homeless populations in three cities. Study staff enrolled 1,211 patients (844 inmates and 367 homeless persons). Sites used 60 daily doses of rifampin and pyrazinamide, an approved treatment regimen for LTBI. Types and frequency of drug-related adverse events and outcomes of treatment. Prior to treatment, 25 of 1,178 patients (2.1%) had a serum aminotransferase measurement at least 2.5 times the upper limit of normal. Patients who reported excess alcohol use in the past 12 months were more likely than other patients to have an elevated pretreatment serum aminotransferase level (odds ratio, 2.1; 95% confidence interval, 1.1 to 6.1; p = 0.03). Treatment was stopped in 66 of 162 patients (13.4%) who had a drug-related adverse event. Among 715 patients who had serum aminotransferase measured during treatment, 43 patients (6.0%) had an elevation > 5 times the upper limits of normal, including one patient who died of liver failure attributed to treatment. In multivariate analyses, increasing age, an abnormal baseline aspartate aminotransferase level, and unemployment within the past 24 months were independent risk factors for hepatotoxicity. Completion rates were similar in jail inmates (47.5%) and homeless persons (43.6%). This study detected the first treatment-associated fatality with the rifampin and pyrazinamide regimen, prompting surveillance that detected unacceptable levels of hepatotoxicity and retraction of recommendations for its routine use. Completion rates for LTBI treatment using a short-course regimen exceeds historical rates using isoniazid. Efforts to identify an effective short-course treatment for LTBI should be given a high priority. JF - Chest AU - Lobato, Mark N AU - Reves, Randall R AU - Jasmer, Robert M AU - Grabau, John C AU - Bock, Naomi N AU - Shang, Nong AU - 2RZ Study Group AD - CDC, 1600 Clifton Rd, Mailstop E-10, Atlanta, GA 30333, USA. mnl0@cdc.gov ; 2RZ Study Group Y1 - 2005/04// PY - 2005 DA - April 2005 SP - 1296 EP - 1303 VL - 127 IS - 4 SN - 0012-3692, 0012-3692 KW - Antitubercular Agents KW - 0 KW - Pyrazinamide KW - 2KNI5N06TI KW - Rifampin KW - VJT6J7R4TR KW - Abridged Index Medicus KW - Index Medicus KW - Chemical and Drug Induced Liver Injury -- etiology KW - Patient Compliance KW - Humans KW - Cohort Studies KW - Adult KW - Aged KW - Middle Aged KW - Adolescent KW - Male KW - Female KW - Pyrazinamide -- adverse effects KW - Pyrazinamide -- therapeutic use KW - Rifampin -- adverse effects KW - Rifampin -- therapeutic use KW - Antitubercular Agents -- adverse effects KW - Prisoners KW - Homeless Persons KW - Antitubercular Agents -- therapeutic use KW - Tuberculosis, Pulmonary -- drug therapy UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/67725660?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Chest&rft.atitle=Adverse+events+and+treatment+completion+for+latent+tuberculosis+in+jail+inmates+and+homeless+persons.&rft.au=Lobato%2C+Mark+N%3BReves%2C+Randall+R%3BJasmer%2C+Robert+M%3BGrabau%2C+John+C%3BBock%2C+Naomi+N%3BShang%2C+Nong%3B2RZ+Study+Group&rft.aulast=Lobato&rft.aufirst=Mark&rft.date=2005-04-01&rft.volume=127&rft.issue=4&rft.spage=1296&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Chest&rft.issn=00123692&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 2005-05-31 N1 - Date created - 2005-04-11 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Assessing exposure to organophosphorus pesticides by biomonitoring in epidemiologic studies of birth outcomes. AN - 67712108; 15811842 AB - For epidemiologic studies that evaluate the relation between potential exposures to environmental chemicals and adverse outcomes, accurate assessments of exposures and health outcomes are needed. Three prospective cohort studies recently evaluated the relation between exposure, as assessed by biomonitoring, of pregnant women to organophosphorus pesticides and several birth outcomes. Here these three studies are compared in terms of the exposure scenarios and exposure assessments. The primary focus is on the exposure assessments, all of which employ biomonitoring but use different approaches, which may contribute to the different findings. These approaches and how they may contribute to different relations between exposure and birth outcomes are examined. JF - Environmental health perspectives AU - Needham, Larry L AD - Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia 30341-3724, USA. lneedham@cdc.gov Y1 - 2005/04// PY - 2005 DA - April 2005 SP - 494 EP - 498 VL - 113 IS - 4 SN - 0091-6765, 0091-6765 KW - Insecticides KW - 0 KW - Chlorpyrifos KW - JCS58I644W KW - Index Medicus KW - New York City -- epidemiology KW - Humans KW - Cohort Studies KW - Epidemiological Monitoring KW - California -- epidemiology KW - Maternal Exposure KW - Female KW - Pregnancy Outcome KW - Pregnancy KW - Insecticides -- metabolism KW - Chlorpyrifos -- blood KW - Insecticides -- urine KW - Environmental Monitoring -- methods KW - Insecticides -- blood KW - Chlorpyrifos -- urine KW - Chlorpyrifos -- metabolism UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/67712108?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Environmental+health+perspectives&rft.atitle=Assessing+exposure+to+organophosphorus+pesticides+by+biomonitoring+in+epidemiologic+studies+of+birth+outcomes.&rft.au=Needham%2C+Larry+L&rft.aulast=Needham&rft.aufirst=Larry&rft.date=2005-04-01&rft.volume=113&rft.issue=4&rft.spage=494&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Environmental+health+perspectives&rft.issn=00916765&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 2005-06-17 N1 - Date created - 2005-04-06 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - SuppNotes - Cited By: J Expo Anal Environ Epidemiol. 2000 Nov-Dec;10(6 Pt 2):611-29 [11138654] Neurotoxicology. 2005 Aug;26(4):531-45 [16112319] J Chromatogr B Analyt Technol Biomed Life Sci. 2002 Oct 5;778(1-2):5-29 [12376114] Environ Health Perspect. 2003 Jan;111(1):79-84 [12515682] Environ Health Perspect. 2003 Feb;111(2):201-5 [12573906] J Expo Anal Environ Epidemiol. 2003 May;13(3):187-202 [12743613] Environ Health Perspect. 2003 Oct;111(13):1640-8 [14527844] Environ Health Perspect. 2004 Feb;112(2):186-200 [14754573] Environ Health Perspect. 2004 Mar;112(3):388-91 [14998758] J Expo Anal Environ Epidemiol. 2004 May;14(3):249-59 [15141154] Environ Health Perspect. 2004 Jul;112(10):1116-24 [15238287] Environ Health Perspect. 2004 Jul;112(10):1125-32 [15238288] Bull Environ Contam Toxicol. 1980 Feb;24(2):190-5 [7362897] Am J Vet Res. 1983 May;44(5):879-81 [6191601] Toxicol Appl Pharmacol. 1984 Mar 30;73(1):8-15 [6200956] Arch Environ Contam Toxicol. 1989 Jul-Aug;18(4):495-500 [2505694] J Biochem Toxicol. 1989 Fall;4(3):201-3 [2481746] Toxicology. 1991;68(1):1-9 [1714638] Rev Environ Contam Toxicol. 1993;131:1-150 [7678349] Environ Health Perspect. 1998 Jan;106(1):9-16 [9417768] Toxicol Ind Health. 1999 Jan-Mar;15(1-2):168-79 [10188199] Environ Health Perspect. 1999 Jun;107 Suppl 3:431-7 [10346991] J Toxicol Environ Health A. 2005 Feb 13;68(3):209-27 [15762180] J Expo Anal Environ Epidemiol. 2005 Jul;15(4):297-309 [15367928] Toxicol Sci. 2002 Mar;66(1):34-53 [11861971] N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Inadvertent laboratory exposure to Bacillus anthracis--California, 2004. AN - 67570704; 15800474 AB - On June 9, 2004, the California Department of Health Services (CDHS) was notified of possible inadvertent exposure to Bacillus anthracis spores at Children's Hospital Oakland Research Institute (CHORI), where workers were evaluating the immune response of mice to B. anthracis. This report summarizes the subsequent investigation by CDHS and CDC, including assessment of exposures, administration of postexposure chemoprophylaxis, and serologic testing of potentially exposed workers. The findings underscore the importance of using appropriate biosafety practices and performing adequate sterility testing when working with material believed to contain inactivated B. anthracis organisms. JF - MMWR. Morbidity and mortality weekly report AU - Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) AD - Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) Y1 - 2005/04/01/ PY - 2005 DA - 2005 Apr 01 SP - 301 EP - 304 VL - 54 IS - 12 KW - Index Medicus KW - California KW - Spores, Bacterial KW - Animals KW - Humans KW - Mice KW - Antibiotic Prophylaxis KW - Animals, Laboratory KW - Safety Management KW - Occupational Exposure KW - Anthrax -- transmission KW - Laboratories KW - Anthrax -- prevention & control KW - Bacillus anthracis UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/67570704?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=MMWR.+Morbidity+and+mortality+weekly+report&rft.atitle=Inadvertent+laboratory+exposure+to+Bacillus+anthracis--California%2C+2004.&rft.au=Centers+for+Disease+Control+and+Prevention+%28CDC%29&rft.aulast=Centers+for+Disease+Control+and+Prevention+%28CDC%29&rft.aufirst=&rft.date=2005-04-01&rft.volume=54&rft.issue=12&rft.spage=301&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=MMWR.+Morbidity+and+mortality+weekly+report&rft.issn=1545-861X&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 2005-04-01 N1 - Date created - 2005-03-31 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Evaluation of interference to conventional and real-time PCR for detection and quantification of fungi in dust. AN - 67559681; 15798797 AB - Advances in polymerase chain reaction (PCR) have permitted accurate, rapid and quantitative identification of microorganisms in pure cultures regardless of viability or culturability. In this study, a simple sample processing method was investigated for rapid identification and quantification of fungal spores from dust samples using both conventional and real-time PCR. The proposed method was evaluated for susceptibility to interference from environmental dust samples. Stachybotrys chartarum and Aspergillus fumigatus were used as test organisms. The sensitivity of detection in pure culture was 0.1 spore DNA equivalents per PCR reaction corresponding to 20 spores ml(-1) in the sample. However, 1 spore DNA equivalent per PCR reaction corresponding to 200 spores ml(-1) in the sample was the lowest amount of spores tested without interference in dust samples spiked with spores of either fungal species. The extent of inhibition was calculated using conventional and real-time PCR reactions containing fungal spores, specific primers, specific probes (for real-time PCR) and various amounts of dust. The results indicate that the extent of inhibition by dust on PCR varies with the type and amount of dust, and number of spores. No interference in the analysis of spiked samples was detected from 0.2 mg ml(-1) of four real-life dust samples at p-value >0.05 using 2 x 10(4) spores for conventional PCR and 2 x 10(5) spores for real-time PCR. However, samples containing >0.2 mg ml(-1) real-life dust compromised the PCR assay. These results suggest the potential usefulness of a simple sample processing method in conjunction with PCR for monitoring the fungal content of aerosols collected from indoor environments. JF - Journal of environmental monitoring : JEM AU - Keswani, Jyoti AU - Kashon, Michael L AU - Chen, Bean T AD - Health Effects Laboratory Division, Exposure Assessment Branch, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, 1095 Willowdale Road, M/S L-3030, Morgantown, WV 26505, USA. JKeswani@cdc.gov Y1 - 2005/04// PY - 2005 DA - April 2005 SP - 311 EP - 318 VL - 7 IS - 4 SN - 1464-0325, 1464-0325 KW - DNA Probes KW - 0 KW - DNA, Bacterial KW - DNA, Fungal KW - Dust KW - Index Medicus KW - Sensitivity and Specificity KW - Aspergillus fumigatus -- isolation & purification KW - DNA Probes -- chemistry KW - Colony Count, Microbial KW - Stachybotrys -- isolation & purification KW - DNA, Bacterial -- analysis KW - Time Factors KW - Spores, Bacterial -- isolation & purification KW - DNA, Fungal -- analysis KW - Polymerase Chain Reaction KW - Air Pollution, Indoor -- analysis KW - Dust -- analysis KW - Environmental Monitoring -- methods UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/67559681?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+environmental+monitoring+%3A+JEM&rft.atitle=Evaluation+of+interference+to+conventional+and+real-time+PCR+for+detection+and+quantification+of+fungi+in+dust.&rft.au=Keswani%2C+Jyoti%3BKashon%2C+Michael+L%3BChen%2C+Bean+T&rft.aulast=Keswani&rft.aufirst=Jyoti&rft.date=2005-04-01&rft.volume=7&rft.issue=4&rft.spage=311&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+environmental+monitoring+%3A+JEM&rft.issn=14640325&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 2005-08-01 N1 - Date created - 2005-03-30 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Deglycosylation of the NS1 protein of dengue 2 virus, strain 16681: construction and characterization of mutant viruses. AN - 67537086; 15592895 AB - The dengue 2 virus (DENV-2) NS1 glycoprotein contains two potential sites for N-linked glycosylation at Asn-130 and Asn-207. NS1 produced in infected cells is glycosylated at both of these sites. We used site-directed mutagenesis of a DENV-2, strain 16681, full length infectious clone to create mutant viruses lacking the Asn-130, Asn-207 or both of these NS1 glycosylation sites in order to investigate the effects of deglycosylation. Ablation of both NS1 glycosylation sites resulted in unstable viruses that acquired numerous additional mutations; these viruses were not further characterized. Viruses altered at the Asn-130 site exhibited growth characteristics similar to the wild-type (WT) 16681 virus in LLC-MK(2) cells and reduced growth in C6/36 cells. Viruses mutated at the Asn-207 site achieved similar titers in LLC-MK(2) cells compared to WT, however, the appearance of cytopathic effect was delayed and growth of these viruses in C6/36 cells was also reduced compared to WT virus. The plaque size of mutant viruses altered at the Asn-130 site did not differ from that of the WT virus, while mutants altered at the Asn-207 site exhibited a reduced and mixed plaque size. Temperature sensitivity studies comparing the growth of the viruses at 37 degrees C and 39 degrees C showed no significant differences compared to the WT virus. Immunofluorescent antibody staining of infected cells showed that for WT 16681 virus or the Asn-130 site mutant viruses NS1 was located throughout the cytoplasm, however, Asn-207 site mutant virus NS1 protein appeared to be localized to the perinuclear region. Viruses deglycosylated at either site exhibited a significant reduction in mouse neurovirulence compared to the WT virus. The results of our studies indicate that glycosylation of the DENV-2 virus NS1 protein may influence NS1 protein processing/transport as well as the pathogenicity of the virus. JF - Archives of virology AU - Crabtree, M B AU - Kinney, R M AU - Miller, B R AD - Division of Vector-Borne Infectious Diseases, National Center for Infectious Diseases, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, Fort Collins, Colorado, USA. meb3@cdc.gov Y1 - 2005/04// PY - 2005 DA - April 2005 SP - 771 EP - 786 VL - 150 IS - 4 SN - 0304-8608, 0304-8608 KW - Antigens, Viral KW - 0 KW - NS1 protein, Dengue virus type 2 KW - Viral Nonstructural Proteins KW - Index Medicus KW - Virus Replication KW - Phenotype KW - Animals KW - Mice, Inbred ICR KW - Base Sequence KW - Dengue KW - Aedes -- virology KW - Antigens, Viral -- metabolism KW - Mice KW - Amino Acid Sequence KW - Glycosylation KW - Cell Line KW - Dengue Virus -- growth & development KW - Dengue Virus -- genetics KW - Viral Nonstructural Proteins -- metabolism KW - Dengue Virus -- physiology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/67537086?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Archives+of+virology&rft.atitle=Deglycosylation+of+the+NS1+protein+of+dengue+2+virus%2C+strain+16681%3A+construction+and+characterization+of+mutant+viruses.&rft.au=Crabtree%2C+M+B%3BKinney%2C+R+M%3BMiller%2C+B+R&rft.aulast=Crabtree&rft.aufirst=M&rft.date=2005-04-01&rft.volume=150&rft.issue=4&rft.spage=771&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Archives+of+virology&rft.issn=03048608&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 2005-06-28 N1 - Date created - 2005-03-23 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Matrix metalloproteinase induction in fibrosis and fibrotic nodule formation due to silica inhalation. AN - 67507533; 15608151 AB - Matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) are the principle enzymes that initiate degradation of collagen. We examined the role of MMPs during alveolar wall fibrosis and fibrotic nodule formation from silica exposure. Rats were exposed to filtered air or 15 mg/m(3) silica by inhalation for 5 days/wk, 6 h/day. Lungs were preserved by intratracheal instillation of fixative at 20, 40, 60, 79, and 116 days of exposure. Additional groups were fixed after 20, 40, and 60 days of exposure followed by 36 days of recovery. The number of nodules, defined by a collagenous core and a bounding cell layer detached from the alveolar wall, was determined by morphometry. Lungs showed increased alveolar wall collagen and fibrotic nodules at 79 and 116 days of exposure with increased collagenase and gelatinase activity. The number of nodules per lung in exposed groups increased from 619 +/- 447 at 40 days to 13,221 +/- 1,096 at 116 days (means +/- SE, n = 5). No nodules were seen in control lungs. Silica-exposed rats with a 36-day recovery in filtered air showed enhanced MMP activity over exposure to silica for the same duration with no recovery. MMP-2 and MMP-9 were significantly elevated in alveolar macrophages after 40-day exposure. Stromelysin expression was demonstrated in alveolar macrophages and cells within fibrotic nodules. TIMP-1 expression was not significantly altered. In summary, MMP activity was upregulated at 40 days of silica exposure and progressively increased during ensuing fibrotic responses. Early expression of stromelysin was found in fibrosing alveolar walls and fibrotic nodules. JF - American journal of physiology. Lung cellular and molecular physiology AU - Scabilloni, James F AU - Wang, Liying AU - Antonini, James M AU - Roberts, Jenny R AU - Castranova, Vincent AU - Mercer, Robert R AD - National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, Pathology and Physiology Research Branch, 1095 Willowdale Rd., Morgantown, WV 26505, USA. zbc9@cdc.gov Y1 - 2005/04// PY - 2005 DA - April 2005 SP - L709 EP - L717 VL - 288 IS - 4 SN - 1040-0605, 1040-0605 KW - Tissue Inhibitor of Metalloproteinase-1 KW - 0 KW - Silicon Dioxide KW - 7631-86-9 KW - Collagen KW - 9007-34-5 KW - Collagenases KW - EC 3.4.24.- KW - Matrix Metalloproteinase 3 KW - EC 3.4.24.17 KW - Matrix Metalloproteinase 2 KW - EC 3.4.24.24 KW - Matrix Metalloproteinase 9 KW - EC 3.4.24.35 KW - Index Medicus KW - Inhalation KW - Animals KW - Pulmonary Alveoli -- pathology KW - Collagen -- metabolism KW - Pulmonary Alveoli -- enzymology KW - Macrophages, Alveolar -- enzymology KW - Silicon Dioxide -- toxicity KW - Matrix Metalloproteinase 3 -- pharmacology KW - Collagenases -- metabolism KW - Rats KW - Rats, Inbred F344 KW - Tissue Inhibitor of Metalloproteinase-1 -- metabolism KW - Enzyme Induction KW - Up-Regulation KW - Macrophages, Alveolar -- pathology KW - Male KW - Silicosis -- pathology KW - Pulmonary Fibrosis -- pathology KW - Pulmonary Fibrosis -- enzymology KW - Silicosis -- enzymology KW - Matrix Metalloproteinase 9 -- biosynthesis KW - Matrix Metalloproteinase 2 -- biosynthesis UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/67507533?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=American+journal+of+physiology.+Lung+cellular+and+molecular+physiology&rft.atitle=Matrix+metalloproteinase+induction+in+fibrosis+and+fibrotic+nodule+formation+due+to+silica+inhalation.&rft.au=Scabilloni%2C+James+F%3BWang%2C+Liying%3BAntonini%2C+James+M%3BRoberts%2C+Jenny+R%3BCastranova%2C+Vincent%3BMercer%2C+Robert+R&rft.aulast=Scabilloni&rft.aufirst=James&rft.date=2005-04-01&rft.volume=288&rft.issue=4&rft.spage=L709&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=American+journal+of+physiology.+Lung+cellular+and+molecular+physiology&rft.issn=10400605&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 2005-04-19 N1 - Date created - 2005-03-10 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Teaching Young Children to Discriminate Abusive from Nonabusive Situations Using Multiple Exemplars in a Modified Discrete Trial Teaching Format AN - 61504607; 200505504 AB - Personal safety programs can teach young children knowledge & skills they can utilize to avoid or escape abduction & sexual abuse (Wurtele, 1990). An appropriate escape response will not occur, however, if the child is unable to discriminate an innocuous situation from a potentially abusive one. This study examines the crucial elements involved in training the recognition or discrimination phase in personal safety programs. A multiple probe design across three typically developing children, ages 5-years 7-months through 6-years 7-months, was used to determine whether rules & discrete trial training of discriminations of appropriate & inappropriate touch & situations generalized to puppet role-play scenarios. All participants showed increases in correct responding on generalization role-play probes & maintained these increases over a 3- & 6-week follow-up. 3 Tables, 2 Figures, 54 References. Adapted from the source document. JF - Journal of Family Violence AU - Boyle, Cynthia L AU - Lutzker, John R AD - c/o Lutzker -- DVP/NCIPC/CDC, Atlanta, GA Y1 - 2005/04// PY - 2005 DA - April 2005 SP - 55 EP - 69 VL - 20 IS - 2 SN - 0885-7482, 0885-7482 KW - child sexual abuse KW - prevention KW - child maltreatment KW - discrete trial training KW - child personal safety KW - Prevention KW - Safety KW - Role Playing KW - Child Sexual Abuse KW - article KW - 6143: child & family welfare UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/61504607?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Asocialservices&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Family+Violence&rft.atitle=Teaching+Young+Children+to+Discriminate+Abusive+from+Nonabusive+Situations+Using+Multiple+Exemplars+in+a+Modified+Discrete+Trial+Teaching+Format&rft.au=Boyle%2C+Cynthia+L%3BLutzker%2C+John+R&rft.aulast=Boyle&rft.aufirst=Cynthia&rft.date=2005-04-01&rft.volume=20&rft.issue=2&rft.spage=55&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+Family+Violence&rft.issn=08857482&rft_id=info:doi/10.1007%2Fs10896-005-3169-4 LA - English DB - Social Services Abstracts N1 - Date revised - 2007-05-01 N1 - Number of references - 54 N1 - Last updated - 2016-09-28 N1 - CODEN - JFVIEV N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Child Sexual Abuse; Prevention; Safety; Role Playing DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10896-005-3169-4 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Application of the Case-Crossover Design to Reduce Unmeasured Confounding in Studies of Condom Effectiveness AN - 21343227; 6244020 AB - This analysis examined how unmeasured confounding affects estimates of the effectiveness of condoms in preventing sexually transmitted infections. Data were analyzed from a prospective cohort study of 1,122 female sexually transmitted disease clinic patients in Alabama (1992-1995), wherein participants were evaluated for sexually transmitted infections at six 1-month intervals. Associations between condom use and incident gonorrhea and chlamydia infection were compared between case-crossover and cohort analyses. In a case-crossover analysis of 228 follow-up visits ending in gonorrhea/chlamydia ("case intervals") and 743 self-matched follow-up visits not ending in gonorrhea/chlamydia ("noncase intervals") (183 women), consistent condom use without breakage or slippage was associated with significantly reduced risk of infection relative to nonuse (adjusted risk odds ratio = 0.49, 95% confidence interval: 0.26, 0.92). Conversely, a cohort analysis of 245 case intervals and 3,896 noncase intervals (919 women) revealed no significant reduction in infection risk from consistent use of condoms (adjusted risk odds ratio = 0.79, 95% confidence interval: 0.53, 1.17). Dose-response relations between the number of unprotected sex acts and infection were stronger in the case-crossover analysis (p for trend = 0.009) than in the cohort analysis (p for trend = 0.18). These findings suggest that epidemiologic studies confounded by unmeasured differences between condom users and nonusers underestimate condom effectiveness against these infections. The case-crossover method provides an additional technique for reducing unmeasured confounding in studies of condom effectiveness. JF - American Journal of Epidemiology AU - Warner, Lee AU - Macaluso, Maurizio AU - Austin, Harland D AU - Kleinbaum, David K AU - Artz, Lynn AU - Fleenor, Michael E AU - Brill, Ilene AU - Newman, Daniel R AU - Hook, Edward WIII AD - National Center for Chronic Disease Prevention and Health Promotion, Division of Reproductive Health, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA Y1 - 2005/04// PY - 2005 DA - Apr 2005 SP - 765 EP - 773 PB - Oxford University Press, Oxford Journals Health, Great Clarendon Street Oxford OX2 6DP UK, [mailto:jnl.samples@oup.co.uk], [URL:http://www3.oup.co.uk/jnls/] VL - 161 IS - 8 SN - 0002-9262, 0002-9262 KW - Microbiology Abstracts B: Bacteriology KW - Condoms KW - Risk assessment KW - Data processing KW - Sexually-transmitted diseases KW - Gonorrhea KW - Infection KW - Chlamydia KW - Sex KW - J 02400:Human Diseases UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/21343227?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologyb&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=American+Journal+of+Epidemiology&rft.atitle=Application+of+the+Case-Crossover+Design+to+Reduce+Unmeasured+Confounding+in+Studies+of+Condom+Effectiveness&rft.au=Warner%2C+Lee%3BMacaluso%2C+Maurizio%3BAustin%2C+Harland+D%3BKleinbaum%2C+David+K%3BArtz%2C+Lynn%3BFleenor%2C+Michael+E%3BBrill%2C+Ilene%3BNewman%2C+Daniel+R%3BHook%2C+Edward+WIII&rft.aulast=Warner&rft.aufirst=Lee&rft.date=2005-04-01&rft.volume=161&rft.issue=8&rft.spage=765&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=American+Journal+of+Epidemiology&rft.issn=00029262&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2010-02-01 N1 - Last updated - 2015-03-31 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Risk assessment; Condoms; Data processing; Sexually-transmitted diseases; Gonorrhea; Infection; Sex; Chlamydia ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Effects of a peer-led behavioral intervention to reduce HIV transmission and promote serostatus disclosure among HIV-seropositive gay and bisexual men AN - 21042026; 6585792 AB - Objectives: To evaluate the effects of an enhanced peer-led intervention on transmission risk behavior and serostatus disclosure of HIV-seropositive gay and bisexual men. Design: A randomized intervention trial. Methods: HIV-seropositive gay and bisexual men were recruited from New York City and San Francisco and were randomly assigned to either a standard or an enhanced intervention. The standard intervention consisted of one session that provided safer sex information. The enhanced intervention consisted of six sessions and included safer sex information, interactive learning activities, and discussion groups that were facilitated by HIV-seropositive peers. Participants completed audio computer-assisted self interview (A-CASI) assessments at baseline and 3 and 6-month follow-ups. Optional testing for sexually transmitted infections was offered at baseline and the 6-month follow-up. Results: A total of 811 participants met the inclusion criteria for outcome analyses. Of these, 85 and 90% were retained for the 3 and 6-month follow-ups, respectively. Compared with the standard intervention, fewer men assigned to the enhanced intervention reported unprotected receptive anal intercourse with a negative or unknown-serostatus partner at 3 months (21 versus 26%, P < 0.05). However, there were no other significant differences in transmission risk or serostatus disclosure at 3 or 6 months. Conclusion: The enhanced intervention was associated with only a limited reduction in transmission risk at 3 months relative to the standard intervention. The characteristics of the intervention that may have reduced its efficacy are identified and directions for future research are suggested. JF - AIDS AU - Wolitski, RJ AU - Gomez, CA AU - Parsons, J T AD - Prevention Research Branch, Divisions of HIV/AIDS Prevention, National Center for HIV, STD, and TB Prevention, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, 1600 Clifton Road (E-37), Atlanta, GA 30333, USA, rwolitski@cdc.gov Y1 - 2005/04// PY - 2005 DA - Apr 2005 SP - S99 EP - S109 VL - 19 SN - 0269-9370, 0269-9370 KW - HIV KW - Immunology Abstracts; Risk Abstracts; Health & Safety Science Abstracts; Virology & AIDS Abstracts KW - Risk assessment KW - Acquired immune deficiency syndrome KW - Learning KW - Disease control KW - males KW - Self KW - Homosexuality KW - Infection KW - Sexual behavior KW - Disease transmission KW - USA KW - USA, New York, New York City KW - Human immunodeficiency virus KW - Bisexuality KW - Bisexual KW - USA, California, San Francisco KW - Urban areas KW - H 11000:Diseases/Injuries/Trauma KW - V 22006:AIDS: Other aspects KW - R2 23060:Medical and environmental health KW - F 06910:Microorganisms & Parasites UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/21042026?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Ariskabstracts&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=AIDS&rft.atitle=Effects+of+a+peer-led+behavioral+intervention+to+reduce+HIV+transmission+and+promote+serostatus+disclosure+among+HIV-seropositive+gay+and+bisexual+men&rft.au=Wolitski%2C+RJ%3BGomez%2C+CA%3BParsons%2C+J+T&rft.aulast=Wolitski&rft.aufirst=RJ&rft.date=2005-04-01&rft.volume=19&rft.issue=&rft.spage=S99&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=AIDS&rft.issn=02699370&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-01-01 N1 - Last updated - 2015-03-25 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Risk assessment; Learning; Bisexual; Self; Homosexuality; Infection; Disease transmission; Acquired immune deficiency syndrome; Bisexuality; Disease control; males; Sexual behavior; Urban areas; Human immunodeficiency virus; USA, New York, New York City; USA; USA, California, San Francisco ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Cardiovascular risk factors and confounders among nondrinking and moderate-drinking U.S. adults AN - 19630647; 8790839 AB - Abstract not available. JF - American Journal of Preventive Medicine AU - Naimi, Timothy S AU - Brown, David W AU - Brewer, Robert D AU - Giles, Wayne H AU - Mensah, George AU - Serdula, Mary K AU - Mokdad, Ali H AU - Hungerford, Daniel W AU - Lando, James AU - Naimi, Shapur AU - Stroup, Donna F AD - Emerging Investigations and Analytic Methods Branch, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia, USA, tbn7@cdc.gov Y1 - 2005/04// PY - 2005 DA - Apr 2005 SP - 369 EP - 373 PB - Elsevier Science, The Boulevard Langford Lane Kidlington Oxford OX5 1GB UK, [mailto:nlinfo-f@elsevier.nl], [URL:http://www.elsevier.nl] VL - 28 IS - 4 SN - 0749-3797, 0749-3797 KW - Risk Abstracts; Health & Safety Science Abstracts KW - Alcohol KW - USA KW - Cardiovascular diseases KW - H 11000:Diseases/Injuries/Trauma KW - R2 23060:Medical and environmental health UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/19630647?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Ariskabstracts&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=American+Journal+of+Preventive+Medicine&rft.atitle=Cardiovascular+risk+factors+and+confounders+among+nondrinking+and+moderate-drinking+U.S.+adults&rft.au=Naimi%2C+Timothy+S%3BBrown%2C+David+W%3BBrewer%2C+Robert+D%3BGiles%2C+Wayne+H%3BMensah%2C+George%3BSerdula%2C+Mary+K%3BMokdad%2C+Ali+H%3BHungerford%2C+Daniel+W%3BLando%2C+James%3BNaimi%2C+Shapur%3BStroup%2C+Donna+F&rft.aulast=Naimi&rft.aufirst=Timothy&rft.date=2005-04-01&rft.volume=28&rft.issue=4&rft.spage=369&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=American+Journal+of+Preventive+Medicine&rft.issn=07493797&rft_id=info:doi/10.1016%2Fj.amepre.2005.01.011 LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2008-12-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-14 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - USA; Alcohol; Cardiovascular diseases DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.amepre.2005.01.011 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Observations on the Vietnam Palo Alto Strain of Plasmodium vivax in Two Species of Aotus Monkeys AN - 19620855; 8692695 AB - Thirty-three splenectomized Aotus lemurinus griseimembra monkeys with no previous experience with malaria were infected with the Vietnam Palo Alto strain of Plasmodium vivax. The median maximum parasite count was 280,000/ mu l. Nine splenectomized monkeys with previous infection with Plasmodium falciparum had median maximum parasite counts of 120,000/ mu l. Splenectomized Aotus nancymai monkeys supported infections at a lower level. Transmission via the bites of Anopheles dirus mosquitoes was obtained in a splenectomized A. lemurinus griseimembra, with a prepatent period of 31 days. It is estimated that between 1.5 108 and 1.6 109 parasites can be removed from an infected animal for molecular or diagnostic antigenic studies. JF - Journal of Parasitology AU - Collins, William E AU - Sullivan, JoAnn S AU - Galland, GGale AU - Williams, Allison AU - Nace, Douglas AU - Williams, Tyrone AU - Barnwell, John W AD - Atlanta Research and Education Foundation, Atlanta, Georgia 30333, wec1@cdc.gov Y1 - 2005/04// PY - 2005 DA - Apr 2005 SP - 461 EP - 463 PB - Allen Press, Inc., 810 East Tenth St. VL - 91 IS - 2 SN - 0022-3395, 0022-3395 KW - Microbiology Abstracts C: Algology, Mycology & Protozoology; Entomology Abstracts; Ecology Abstracts KW - Bites KW - Aotus KW - Anopheles dirus KW - Plasmodium vivax KW - Malaria KW - Plasmodium falciparum KW - Infection KW - Aotus lemurinus griseimembra KW - K 03350:Immunology KW - D 04040:Ecosystem and Ecology Studies KW - Z 05350:Medical, Veterinary, and Agricultural Entomology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/19620855?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aecology&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Parasitology&rft.atitle=Observations+on+the+Vietnam+Palo+Alto+Strain+of+Plasmodium+vivax+in+Two+Species+of+Aotus+Monkeys&rft.au=Collins%2C+William+E%3BSullivan%2C+JoAnn+S%3BGalland%2C+GGale%3BWilliams%2C+Allison%3BNace%2C+Douglas%3BWilliams%2C+Tyrone%3BBarnwell%2C+John+W&rft.aulast=Collins&rft.aufirst=William&rft.date=2005-04-01&rft.volume=91&rft.issue=2&rft.spage=461&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+Parasitology&rft.issn=00223395&rft_id=info:doi/10.1645%2FGE-3417RN LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2008-12-01 N1 - Last updated - 2015-03-27 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Bites; Malaria; Infection; Aotus; Plasmodium vivax; Anopheles dirus; Plasmodium falciparum; Aotus lemurinus griseimembra DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1645/GE-3417RN ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Infection of Saimiri boliviensis Monkeys With Plasmodium coatneyi AN - 19617742; 8692703 AB - Abundant, apparently normally developing, liver-stage parasites of Plasmodium coatneyi were demonstrated following injection of sporozoites dissected from the salivary glands of Anopheles dirus mosquitoes. Erythrocytic development was not demonstrated. JF - Journal of Parasitology AU - Sullivan, JoAnn S AU - Bounngaseng, Amy AU - Stewart, Ann AU - James J, Sullivan AU - Galland, GGale AU - Henry, Fleetwood AU - Collins, William E AD - Division of Parasitic Diseases and Scientific Resources Program, National Center for Infectious Diseases, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia, wec1@cdc.gov Y1 - 2005/04// PY - 2005 DA - Apr 2005 SP - 479 EP - 481 PB - Allen Press, Inc., 810 East Tenth St. VL - 91 IS - 2 SN - 0022-3395, 0022-3395 KW - Microbiology Abstracts C: Algology, Mycology & Protozoology; Entomology Abstracts; Ecology Abstracts KW - Saimiri KW - Sporozoites KW - Anopheles dirus KW - Development KW - Plasmodium coatneyi KW - Infection KW - Salivary gland KW - D 04040:Ecosystem and Ecology Studies KW - Z 05350:Medical, Veterinary, and Agricultural Entomology KW - K 03420:Plant Diseases UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/19617742?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aecology&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Parasitology&rft.atitle=Infection+of+Saimiri+boliviensis+Monkeys+With+Plasmodium+coatneyi&rft.au=Sullivan%2C+JoAnn+S%3BBounngaseng%2C+Amy%3BStewart%2C+Ann%3BJames+J%2C+Sullivan%3BGalland%2C+GGale%3BHenry%2C+Fleetwood%3BCollins%2C+William+E&rft.aulast=Sullivan&rft.aufirst=JoAnn&rft.date=2005-04-01&rft.volume=91&rft.issue=2&rft.spage=479&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+Parasitology&rft.issn=00223395&rft_id=info:doi/10.1645%2FGE-3461RN LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2008-12-01 N1 - Last updated - 2015-03-27 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Sporozoites; Development; Salivary gland; Infection; Saimiri; Anopheles dirus; Plasmodium coatneyi DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1645/GE-3461RN ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Weight management goals and use of exercise for weight control among U.S. high school students, 1991-2001 AN - 19460971; 8115145 AB - Purpose The purpose of this study was to examine trends in weight management goals and the use of exercise for weight control among U.S. high school students. Methods As part of the Youth Risk Behavior Surveillance System, 6 national school-based surveys were conducted between 1991 and 2001. Each survey used a three-stage cross-sectional sample of students in grades 9-12. African-American and Hispanic students were oversampled. Logistic regression models were used to test for trends among gender and race/ethnic subgroups, controlling demographic changes over time. Results From 1991 to 2001, the percentage of female students trying to lose weight (61.7%-62.3%) or stay the same weight (15.4%-16.0%) did not change significantly. Among male students, trying to lose weight (22.7%-28.8%) and trying to stay the same weight (17.8%-21.5%) both increased significantly, while trying to gain weight decreased significantly (32.7%-26.3%). Among female and male students who were trying to lose weight or stay the same weight, the use of exercise for weight control increased significantly. Among students who reported using exercise for weight control, participation in vigorous physical activity >= 3 days per week increased among African-American female students, and participation in strengthening exercises >= 3 days per week increased among male students. Conclusions These findings suggest increased interest in weight control among male adolescents, and increased use of exercise for weight control among female and male adolescents. JF - Journal of Adolescent Health AU - Lowry, Richard AU - Galuska, Deborah A AU - Fulton, Janet E AU - Burgeson, Charlene R AU - Kann, Laura AD - Division of Adolescent and School Health, National Center for Chronic Disease Prevention and Health Promotion, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia, Rlowry@cdc.gov Y1 - 2005/04// PY - 2005 DA - Apr 2005 SP - 320 EP - 326 PB - Elsevier Science, The Boulevard Langford Lane Kidlington Oxford OX5 1GB UK, [mailto:usinfo-f@elsevier.com], [URL:http://www.elsevier.nl] VL - 36 IS - 4 SN - 1054-139X, 1054-139X KW - Physical Education Index; Risk Abstracts; Health & Safety Science Abstracts KW - demography KW - High school students KW - schools KW - Weight KW - physical activity KW - Ethnic groups KW - Adolescents KW - Obesity KW - Weight control KW - Adolescence KW - Exercise KW - Students KW - USA KW - Participation KW - Gender KW - Trends KW - R2 23060:Medical and environmental health KW - H 12000:Epidemiology and Public Health KW - PE 030:Exercise, Health & Physical Fitness UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/19460971?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Ariskabstracts&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Adolescent+Health&rft.atitle=Weight+management+goals+and+use+of+exercise+for+weight+control+among+U.S.+high+school+students%2C+1991-2001&rft.au=Lowry%2C+Richard%3BGaluska%2C+Deborah+A%3BFulton%2C+Janet+E%3BBurgeson%2C+Charlene+R%3BKann%2C+Laura&rft.aulast=Lowry&rft.aufirst=Richard&rft.date=2005-04-01&rft.volume=36&rft.issue=4&rft.spage=320&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+Adolescent+Health&rft.issn=1054139X&rft_id=info:doi/10.1016%2Fj.jadohealth.2004.03.010 LA - English DB - Physical Education Index; ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2008-05-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-14 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Weight control; Students; Exercise; Weight; Adolescence; High school students; Trends; Participation; USA; Adolescents; Ethnic groups; schools; physical activity; Obesity; Gender; demography DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jadohealth.2004.03.010 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Prevention with gay and bisexual men living with HIV: rationale and methods of the Seropositive Urban Men's Intervention Trial (SUMIT) AN - 19432347; 6585783 AB - To provide a public health rationale for prevention with HIV-seropositive gay and bisexual men and to describe the methods of the Seropositive Urban Men's Intervention Trial (SUMIT). A randomized intervention trial. Self-identified HIV-positive gay and bisexual men were recruited from community-based venues in New York City and San Francisco. Eligible participants completed an A-CASI baseline assessment, were asked to provide samples for sexually transmitted infection (STI) testing, and were randomly assigned to either a single-session intervention or a six-session enhanced intervention designed to reduce HIV transmission risk and promote serostatus disclosure. Participants who attended the first intervention session were assessed 3 and 6 months post-intervention. STI testing was offered at the 6-month assessment. A total of 1168 self-identified HIV-seropositive gay and bisexual men completed the baseline assessment, and 1110 of these (95%) opted for STI testing. A total of 811 attended the first intervention session, of which 85% were assessed at 3 months and 90% were assessed at 6 months. Of those assessed at 6 months, 92% (670/729) provided a blood or urine sample for STI testing. SUMIT demonstrates the feasibility and acceptability of prevention research with HIV-seropositive gay and bisexual men. The study provides new information about the sexual behavior, serostatus disclosure practices, and the efficacy of an intervention to reduce HIV transmission risk. JF - AIDS AU - Wolitski, RJ AU - Parsons, J T AU - Gomez, CA AU - Purcell, D W AU - Hoff, C C AU - Halkitis, P N AD - Prevention Research Branch, Divisions of HIV/AIDS Prevention, National Center for HIV, STD, and TB Prevention, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, 1600 Clifton Road (E-37), Atlanta, GA 30333, USA, rwolitski@cdc.gov Y1 - 2005/04// PY - 2005 DA - Apr 2005 SP - S1 EP - S11 VL - 19 SN - 0269-9370, 0269-9370 KW - HIV KW - Immunology Abstracts; Health & Safety Science Abstracts; Risk Abstracts; Virology & AIDS Abstracts KW - sexual behavior KW - Acquired immune deficiency syndrome KW - males KW - Homosexuality KW - Infection KW - Sexual behavior KW - Disease transmission KW - Public health KW - infectious diseases KW - Blood KW - USA KW - USA, New York, New York City KW - Human immunodeficiency virus KW - Urine KW - Bisexuality KW - Bisexual KW - prevention KW - USA, California, San Francisco KW - sexually transmitted diseases KW - Urban areas KW - H 11000:Diseases/Injuries/Trauma KW - V 22006:AIDS: Other aspects KW - R2 23060:Medical and environmental health KW - F 06910:Microorganisms & Parasites UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/19432347?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Ariskabstracts&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=AIDS&rft.atitle=Prevention+with+gay+and+bisexual+men+living+with+HIV%3A+rationale+and+methods+of+the+Seropositive+Urban+Men%27s+Intervention+Trial+%28SUMIT%29&rft.au=Wolitski%2C+RJ%3BParsons%2C+J+T%3BGomez%2C+CA%3BPurcell%2C+D+W%3BHoff%2C+C+C%3BHalkitis%2C+P+N&rft.aulast=Wolitski&rft.aufirst=RJ&rft.date=2005-04-01&rft.volume=19&rft.issue=&rft.spage=S1&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=AIDS&rft.issn=02699370&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-01-01 N1 - Last updated - 2015-03-25 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Blood; Urine; Bisexual; Homosexuality; Infection; Sexual behavior; Public health; Disease transmission; sexual behavior; infectious diseases; Acquired immune deficiency syndrome; Bisexuality; prevention; males; sexually transmitted diseases; Urban areas; Human immunodeficiency virus; USA, New York, New York City; USA; USA, California, San Francisco ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Overweight and Obesity: Knowledge, Attitudes, and Practices of General Practitioners in France AN - 19409273; 6269923 AB - OBJECTIVE: To describe the current knowledge, attitudes, and practices of French general practitioners (GPs) in the field of adult overweight and obesity management. RESEARCH METHODS AND PROCEDURES: A cross-sectional telephone survey interviewed a sample of 600 GPs, representative of the private GPs in southeastern France. A four-part questionnaire assessed personal and professional characteristics, attitudes and opinions about overweight and obesity, relevant knowledge and training, and practices (diagnostic methods, clinical assessments, weight loss objectives, types of counseling). RESULTS: Most GPs knew that weight problems are health-threatening, and 79% agreed that managing these problems is part of their role. Nevertheless, 58% did not feel they perform this role effectively, and one-third did not find it professionally gratifying. Approximately 30% had negative attitudes toward overweight and obese patients; 57% were pessimistic about patients' ability to lose weight; 64% often set weight loss objectives more demanding than guidelines call for; and neither food diaries nor nutritional education were used systematically. GPs' feelings of effectiveness and attitudes toward obese patients were associated with some professional (training) and personal (BMI, personal diet experience) characteristics. DISCUSSION: GPs' feelings of ineffectiveness may stem from an underlying conflict between practitioners' and patients' representations of weight problems and the relationship problems this causes. Inadequate practices and health care system organization may also play a role. JF - Obesity Research AU - Bocquier, Aurelie AU - Verger, Pierre AU - Basdevant, Arnaud AU - Andreotti, Gerard AU - Baretge, Jean AU - Villani, Patrick AU - Paraponaris, Alain AD - Southeastern France Regional Center for Disease Control, Marseilles, France. Inserm Research Unit 379 'Epidemiology and social sciences applied to medical innovation', Marseilles, France. Hotel Dieu Nutrition Department, University Paris 6, Paris, France. Southeastern France Regional Union of Private Practitioners, Marseilles, France. Laboratory of Therapeutics, Department of Medicine, University of the Mediterranean, Marseilles, France. Department of Economics, University of the Mediterranean, Marseilles, France Y1 - 2005/04// PY - 2005 DA - Apr 2005 SP - 787 EP - 795 PB - North American Association for the Study of Obesity, 1090 Amsterdam Ave., Ste. 14K New York NY 10025 USA, [mailto:helener@mindspring.com], [URL:http://www.naaso.org] VL - 13 IS - 4 SN - 1071-7323, 1071-7323 KW - Physical Education Index KW - Obesity KW - Weight control KW - Diet (weight control) KW - Surveys KW - Organization KW - Health KW - Patients KW - Adults KW - Counseling KW - Knowledge KW - France KW - Evaluation KW - Experience KW - Education KW - Attitudes KW - Objectives KW - PE 030:Exercise, Health & Physical Fitness UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/19409273?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aphysicaleducation&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Obesity+Research&rft.atitle=Overweight+and+Obesity%3A+Knowledge%2C+Attitudes%2C+and+Practices+of+General+Practitioners+in+France&rft.au=Bocquier%2C+Aurelie%3BVerger%2C+Pierre%3BBasdevant%2C+Arnaud%3BAndreotti%2C+Gerard%3BBaretge%2C+Jean%3BVillani%2C+Patrick%3BParaponaris%2C+Alain&rft.aulast=Bocquier&rft.aufirst=Aurelie&rft.date=2005-04-01&rft.volume=13&rft.issue=4&rft.spage=787&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Obesity+Research&rft.issn=10717323&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - Physical Education Index N1 - Date revised - 2007-06-01 N1 - Last updated - 2015-04-01 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Obesity; Weight control; Diet (weight control); Organization; Surveys; Patients; Health; Adults; Counseling; Knowledge; Evaluation; Experience; Attitudes; Education; Objectives; France ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Gender differences for non-fatal unintentional fall related injuries among older adults AN - 17868422; 6270110 AB - OBJECTIVES: To quantify gender differences for non-fatal unintentional fall related injuries among US adults age 65 years and older treated in hospital emergency departments (EDs). METHODS: The authors analyzed data from a nationally representative sample of ED visits for January 2001 through December 2001, available through the National Electronic Injury Surveillance System All Injury Program (NEISS-AIP). For each initial ED visit, coders record one principal diagnosis (usually the most severe) and one primary part of the body affected. RESULTS: Based on 22 560 cases, an estimated 1.64 million older adults were treated in EDs for unintentional fall injuries. Of these, approximately 1.16 million, or 70.5%, were women. Fractures, contusions/abrasions, and lacerations accounted for more than three quarters of all injuries. Rates for injury diagnoses were generally higher among women, most notably for fractures which were 2.2 times higher than for men. For all parts of the body, women's injury rates exceeded those of men. Rate ratios were greatest for injuries of the leg/foot (2.3), arm/hand (2.0), and lower trunk (2.0). The hospitalization rate for women was 1.8 times that for men. CONCLUSIONS: Among older adults, non-fatal fall related injuries disproportionately affected women. Much is known about effective fall prevention strategies. We need to refine, promote, and implement these interventions. Additional research is needed to tailor interventions for different populations and to determine gender differences in the underlying causes and/or circumstances of falls. This information is vital for developing and implementing targeted fall prevention strategies. JF - Injury Prevention AU - Stevens, JA AU - Sogolow, ED AD - National Center for Injury Prevention and Control, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA, USA Y1 - 2005/04// PY - 2005 DA - Apr 2005 SP - 115 EP - 119 PB - B M J Publishing Group, B.M.A. House Tavistock Sq. London WC1H 9JR UK VL - 11 IS - 2 SN - 1353-8047, 1353-8047 KW - Health & Safety Science Abstracts; Physical Education Index KW - Hands KW - Age KW - Programs KW - Trunk KW - Injuries KW - Promotion KW - Elderly KW - Intervention KW - Legs KW - Sex differences KW - Contusion KW - First aid KW - Feet KW - prevention KW - Falls KW - Preventive health KW - Strategy KW - Fractures KW - Gerontology KW - Falling KW - Wounds KW - Analysis KW - Gender KW - Hospitals KW - H 11000:Diseases/Injuries/Trauma KW - PE 030:Exercise, Health & Physical Fitness UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/17868422?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aphysicaleducation&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Injury+Prevention&rft.atitle=Gender+differences+for+non-fatal+unintentional+fall+related+injuries+among+older+adults&rft.au=Stevens%2C+JA%3BSogolow%2C+ED&rft.aulast=Stevens&rft.aufirst=JA&rft.date=2005-04-01&rft.volume=11&rft.issue=2&rft.spage=115&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Injury+Prevention&rft.issn=13538047&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - Physical Education Index; ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Injuries; Falling; Wounds; Gerontology; Sex differences; First aid; Preventive health; Intervention; Fractures; Strategy; Programs; Contusion; Feet; Analysis; Hands; Promotion; Hospitals; Trunk; Legs; Gender; prevention; Falls; Elderly; Age ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Evaluation of the NIOSH MWF Total Particulate Matter: Thoracic Particulate Matter Conversion Factor in a Machining Environment AN - 17865373; 6261035 AB - Worker exposures to metalworking fluids were characterized at a plant that produced air compressors. Full-shift, side-by-side air samples (n = 147) were collected and analyzed for total particulate matter, extractable total particulate matter, thoracic particulate matter, and extractable thoracic particulate matter. The thoracic particulate matter geometric mean of 0.32 mg/m super(3) was below the National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH) recommended exposure limit (REL) of 0.4 mg/m super(3). The total particulate matter geometric mean of 0.52 mg/m super(3), however, was above 0.5 mg/m super(3), the total particulate matter concentration offered as a surrogate REL in the NIOSH Criteria for a Recommended Standard for Occupational Exposure to Metalworking Fluids. Of the 83 total particulate matter results that were at or above 0.5 mg/m super(3), only 50 (60%) of the corresponding thoracic particulate matter results were at or above 0.4 mg/m super(3). These data indicated a conversion factor of 1.65 between thoracic particulate matter and total particulate matter concentrations and 1.40 between thoracic extractable particulate matter and total extractable concentrations. These factors were significantly different from the 1.25 used to compare total particulate matter with thoracic particulate matter concentrations in the NIOSH Criteria Document (p < 0.01) and call into question the validity of a universal conversion factor. The authors conclude that thoracic particulate matter exposure assessment should be done directly. In terms of protecting the worker, however, the 1.25 conversion factor appeared to be conservative since each time a total particulate matter result was below 0.5 mg/m super(3), its paired thoracic particulate matter measurement was below 0.4 mg/m super(3). JF - Journal of Occupational and Environmental Hygiene AU - Reh, B D AU - Harney, J M AU - McCleery, R E AU - Mueller, CA AD - NIOSH, 4676 Columbia Parkway, Mailstop R-11, Cincinnati, OH 45226, USA, rmccleery@cdc.gov Y1 - 2005/04// PY - 2005 DA - Apr 2005 SP - 239 EP - 243 VL - 2 IS - 4 SN - 1545-9624, 1545-9624 KW - Pollution Abstracts; Health & Safety Science Abstracts KW - Occupational safety KW - Particulates KW - Air sampling KW - metal-working fluids KW - Occupational exposure KW - H 1000:Occupational Safety and Health KW - P 6000:TOXICOLOGY AND HEALTH UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/17865373?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Apollution&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Occupational+and+Environmental+Hygiene&rft.atitle=Evaluation+of+the+NIOSH+MWF+Total+Particulate+Matter%3A+Thoracic+Particulate+Matter+Conversion+Factor+in+a+Machining+Environment&rft.au=Reh%2C+B+D%3BHarney%2C+J+M%3BMcCleery%2C+R+E%3BMueller%2C+CA&rft.aulast=Reh&rft.aufirst=B&rft.date=2005-04-01&rft.volume=2&rft.issue=4&rft.spage=239&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+Occupational+and+Environmental+Hygiene&rft.issn=15459624&rft_id=info:doi/10.1080%2F15459620590933766 LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Particulates; Occupational exposure; metal-working fluids; Occupational safety; Air sampling DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/15459620590933766 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - New microbiology tools for public health and their implications AN - 17847335; 6258668 AB - The realm of diagnostic assays for detection of acute infections is rapidly changing from antibody detection to pathogen detection, from clinical laboratory based to point-of-care based, from single analyte detection to multiple analyte detection, and is more focused on detection using less invasive approaches for collecting biological samples. New assays are typically more sensitive than are conventional assays and have the capability of providing more information that characterizes the pathogen or the host response to the pathogen. From a public health perspective, the advent of molecular epidemiology, which allows tracking of pathogens based on unique genetic sequences or antigenic properties, has revolutionized how epidemiologists investigate and evaluate epidemics and assess endemic diseases. In addition, the use of point-of-care (POC) devices can impact the detection and surveillance of infections and will enhance our ability to accurately identify the causes of illnesses. JF - Annual Review of Public Health AU - Robertson, B H AU - Nicholson, JKA AD - National Center for Infectious Diseases, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia 30333, USA, bjr1@cdc.gov Y1 - 2005/04// PY - 2005 DA - Apr 2005 SP - 281 EP - 302 VL - 26 SN - 0163-7525, 0163-7525 KW - Microbiology Abstracts A: Industrial & Applied Microbiology KW - Antibodies KW - Epidemics KW - Epidemiology KW - Reviews KW - Pathogens KW - Infection KW - Public health KW - A 01111:Personal UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/17847335?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologya&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Annual+Review+of+Public+Health&rft.atitle=New+microbiology+tools+for+public+health+and+their+implications&rft.au=Robertson%2C+B+H%3BNicholson%2C+JKA&rft.aulast=Robertson&rft.aufirst=B&rft.date=2005-04-01&rft.volume=26&rft.issue=&rft.spage=281&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Annual+Review+of+Public+Health&rft.issn=01637525&rft_id=info:doi/10.1146%2Fannurev.publhealth.26.021304.144522 LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Last updated - 2015-03-24 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Antibodies; Epidemics; Epidemiology; Reviews; Pathogens; Infection; Public health DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1146/annurev.publhealth.26.021304.144522 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Depressive Symptoms and Mortality among Persons with and without Diabetes AN - 17827686; 6187188 AB - Although people with diabetes mellitus have a high risk of depression and depression may increase mortality among people with other conditions, the impact of depression on mortality risk among people with diabetes needs further examination. Using survival analysis, the authors analyzed longitudinal data from the NHANES I Epidemiologic Follow-up Study (1982-1992). The findings showed that the presence of severe depressive symptoms significantly elevated mortality risk among US adults with diabetes; the same pattern was not observed among people without diabetes. After results were controlled for sociodemographic, lifestyle, and health-status variables, diabetic persons with Centers for Epidemiologic Studies Depression (CES-D) Scale scores of 16 or more had 54% greater mortality than those with scores under 16 (p = 0.004). After exclusion of participants who died during the first year of follow-up, mortality remained higher among those with CES-D scores greater than or equal to 22 as compared with those with CES-D scores less than 16, but not among those with CES-D scores between 16 and 21. No significant relation between depression and mortality was found in the nondiabetic population. This analysis indicates that diabetes modifies the effect of depression on mortality. It also demonstrates the importance of observing subgroups, rather than aggregated populations, when examining the effect of depression on mortality. JF - American Journal of Epidemiology AU - Zhang, Xuanping AU - Norris, Susan L AU - Gregg, Edward W AU - Cheng, Yiling J AU - Beckles, Gloria AU - Kahn, Henry S AD - Division of Diabetes Translation, National Center for Chronic Disease Prevention and Health Promotion, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA Y1 - 2005/04/01/ PY - 2005 DA - 2005 Apr 01 SP - 652 EP - 660 PB - Oxford University Press, Oxford Journals Health, Great Clarendon Street Oxford OX2 6DP UK, [mailto:jnl.samples@oup.co.uk], [URL:http://www3.oup.co.uk/jnls/] VL - 161 IS - 7 SN - 0002-9262, 0002-9262 KW - Risk Abstracts KW - Mortality KW - diabetes mellitus KW - depression KW - mental disorders KW - R2 23060:Medical and environmental health UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/17827686?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Ariskabstracts&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=American+Journal+of+Epidemiology&rft.atitle=Depressive+Symptoms+and+Mortality+among+Persons+with+and+without+Diabetes&rft.au=Zhang%2C+Xuanping%3BNorris%2C+Susan+L%3BGregg%2C+Edward+W%3BCheng%2C+Yiling+J%3BBeckles%2C+Gloria%3BKahn%2C+Henry+S&rft.aulast=Zhang&rft.aufirst=Xuanping&rft.date=2005-04-01&rft.volume=161&rft.issue=7&rft.spage=652&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=American+Journal+of+Epidemiology&rft.issn=00029262&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Mortality; mental disorders; diabetes mellitus; depression ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Alterations in the GyrA and GyrB subunits of topoisomerase II and the ParC and ParE subunits of topoisomerase IV in ciprofloxacin-resistant clinical isolates of Pseudomonas aeruginosa AN - 17814144; 6214583 AB - The presence of fluoroquinolone resistance-associated alterations in topoisomerase II and IV were investigated for 103 nfxC-like type Pseudomonas aeruginosa isolates. The most nfxC-like type isolates (98.1%) possessed the substitution of Ile for Thr-83 in GyrA. A single alteration in GyrA (Thr-83-Ile) was the most frequently detected and the next common alteration was two alterations with Thr-83-Ile in GyrA and Ser-87-Leu in ParC. A novel alteration at position Glin-106 of GyrA, which was suggested to be responsible for fluoroquinolone resistance, was identified. Our study revealed that the alterations in GyrB (Glu-468-Asp) and in ParE (Asp-419-Asn or Glu-459- Asp) play a complementary role in the acquisition of resistance to fluoroquinolone. There was a correlation between the ciprofloxacin MIC and the number of resistance-associated alterations in GyrA, GyrB, ParC and ParE of P. aeruginosa isolates. JF - International Journal of Antimicrobial Agents AU - Lee, J K AU - Lee, Y S AU - Park, Y K AU - Kim, B S AD - Department of Bacteriology, National Institute of Health, Korea Center for Disease Control and Prevention, 5 Nokbeon-dong, Eunpyeong-gu, Seoul, Republic of Korea, bongsukim@hanmail.net Y1 - 2005/04// PY - 2005 DA - Apr 2005 SP - 290 EP - 295 PB - Elsevier Science B.V., P.O. Box 211 Amsterdam 1000 AE Netherlands, [mailto:nlinfo-f@elsevier.nl], [URL:http://www.elsevier.nl/] VL - 25 IS - 4 SN - 0924-8579, 0924-8579 KW - Microbiology Abstracts B: Bacteriology KW - Clinical isolates KW - Ciprofloxacin KW - Fluoroquinolones KW - DNA topoisomerase (ATP-hydrolysing) KW - gyrB gene KW - Pseudomonas aeruginosa KW - Minimum inhibitory concentration KW - Antibiotic resistance KW - gyrA gene KW - DNA topoisomerase IV KW - Antimicrobial agents KW - J 02725:DNA UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/17814144?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologyb&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=International+Journal+of+Antimicrobial+Agents&rft.atitle=Alterations+in+the+GyrA+and+GyrB+subunits+of+topoisomerase+II+and+the+ParC+and+ParE+subunits+of+topoisomerase+IV+in+ciprofloxacin-resistant+clinical+isolates+of+Pseudomonas+aeruginosa&rft.au=Lee%2C+J+K%3BLee%2C+Y+S%3BPark%2C+Y+K%3BKim%2C+B+S&rft.aulast=Lee&rft.aufirst=J&rft.date=2005-04-01&rft.volume=25&rft.issue=4&rft.spage=290&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=International+Journal+of+Antimicrobial+Agents&rft.issn=09248579&rft_id=info:doi/10.1016%2Fj.ijantimicag.2004.11.012 LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Pseudomonas aeruginosa; DNA topoisomerase IV; gyrA gene; gyrB gene; Fluoroquinolones; DNA topoisomerase (ATP-hydrolysing); Minimum inhibitory concentration; Antibiotic resistance; Ciprofloxacin; Antimicrobial agents; Clinical isolates DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ijantimicag.2004.11.012 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Urinary Concentrations of Bisphenol A and 4-Nonylphenol in a Human Reference Population AN - 17656486; 6489438 AB - Bisphenol A (BPA) is used to manufacture polycarbonate plastic and epoxy resins, which are used in baby bottles, as protective coatings on food containers, and for composites and sealants in dentistry. 4-Nonylphenol (NP) is used to make nonylphenol ethoxylates, nonionic surfactants applied as emulsifying, wetting, dispersing, or stabilizing agents in industrial, agricultural, and domestic consumer products. The potential for human exposure to BPA and NP is high because of their widespread use. We measured BPA and NP in archived urine samples from a reference population of 394 adults in the United States using isotope-dilution gas chromatography/mass spectrometry. The concentration ranges of BPA and NP were similar to those observed in other human populations. BPA was detected in 95% of the samples examined at concentrations greater than or equal to 0.1 mu g/L urine; the geometric mean and median concentrations were 1.33 mu g/L (1.36 mu g/g creatinine) and 1.28 mu g/L (1.32 mu g/g creatinine), respectively; the 95th percentile concentration was 5.18 mu g/L (7.95 mu g/g creatinine). NP was detected in 51% of the samples examined greater than or equal to 0.1 mu g/L. The median and 95th percentile concentrations were < 0.1 mu g/L and 1.57 mu g/L (1.39 mu g/g creatinine), respectively. The frequent detection of BPA suggests widespread exposure to this compound in residents of the United States. The lower frequency of detection of NP than of BPA could be explained by a lower exposure of humans to NP, by different pharmacokinetic factors (i.e., absorption, distribution, metabolism, elimination), by the fact that 4-n-nonylphenol - the measured NP isomer - represents a small percentage of the NP used in commercial mixtures, or a combination of all of the above. Additional research is needed to determine the best urinary biomarker(s) to assess exposure to NP. Despite the sample population's nonrepresentativeness of the U.S. population (although sample weights were used to improve the extent to which the results represent the U.S. population) and relatively small size, this study provides the first reference range of human internal dose levels of BPA and NP in a demographically diverse human population. JF - Environmental Health Perspectives AU - Calafat, A M AU - Kuklenyik, Z AU - Reidy, JA AU - Caudill, S P AU - Ekong, J AU - Needham, L L AD - Division of Laboratory Sciences, National Center for Environmental Health, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, 4770 Buford Highway NE, Mailstop F17, Atlanta, GA 30341, USA, acalafat@cdc.gov Y1 - 2005/04// PY - 2005 DA - Apr 2005 SP - 391 EP - 395 VL - 113 IS - 4 SN - 0091-6765, 0091-6765 KW - Toxicology Abstracts; Health & Safety Science Abstracts; Pollution Abstracts KW - X 24153:Metabolism KW - H 12000:Epidemiology and Public Health KW - P 6000:TOXICOLOGY AND HEALTH UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/17656486?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxicologyabstracts&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Environmental+Health+Perspectives&rft.atitle=Urinary+Concentrations+of+Bisphenol+A+and+4-Nonylphenol+in+a+Human+Reference+Population&rft.au=Calafat%2C+A+M%3BKuklenyik%2C+Z%3BReidy%2C+JA%3BCaudill%2C+S+P%3BEkong%2C+J%3BNeedham%2C+L+L&rft.aulast=Calafat&rft.aufirst=A&rft.date=2005-04-01&rft.volume=113&rft.issue=4&rft.spage=391&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Environmental+Health+Perspectives&rft.issn=00916765&rft_id=info:doi/10.1289%2Fehp.7534 LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2005-10-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1289/ehp.7534 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Respiratory Morbidity in Office Workers in a Water-Damaged Building AN - 17596594; 6489380 AB - We conducted a study on building-related respiratory disease and associated social impact in an office building with water incursions in the northeastern United States. An initial questionnaire had 67% participation (888/1,327). Compared with the U.S. adult population, prevalence ratios were 2.2-2.5 for wheezing, lifetime asthma, and current asthma, 3.3 for adult-onset asthma, and 3.4 for symptoms improving away from work (p < 0.05). Two-thirds (66/103) of the adult- onset asthma arose after occupancy, with an incidence rate of 1.9/1,000 person-years before building occupancy and 14.5/1,000 person-years after building occupancy. We conducted a second survey on 140 respiratory cases, 63 subjects with fewer symptoms, and 44 comparison subjects. Health-related quality of life decreased with increasing severity of respiratory symptoms and in those with work-related symptoms. Symptom status was not associated with job satisfaction or how often jobs required hard work. Respiratory health problems accounted for one-third of sick leave, and respiratory cases with work-related symptoms had more respiratory sick days than those without work-related symptoms (9.4 vs. 2.4 days/year; p < 0.01). Abnormal lung function and/or breathing medication use was found in 67% of respiratory cases, in 38% of participants with fewer symptoms, and in 11% of the comparison group (p < 0.01), with similar results in never-smokers. Postoccupancy-onset asthma was associated with less atopy than preoccupancy-onset asthma. Occupancy of the water-damaged building was associated with onset and exacerbation of respiratory conditions, confirmed by objective medical tests. The morbidity and lost work time burdened both employees and employers. JF - Environmental Health Perspectives AU - Cox-Ganser, J M AU - White, S K AU - Jones, R AU - Hilsbos, K AU - Storey, E AU - Enright, P L AU - Rao, CY AU - Kreiss, K AD - National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, Suite H-2800, 1095 Willowdale Rd., Morgantown, WV 26505, USA, jjc8@cdc.gov Y1 - 2005/04// PY - 2005 DA - Apr 2005 SP - 485 EP - 490 PB - US Government Printing Office, Superintendent of Documents, P.O. Box 371954 Pittsburgh PA 15250-7954 USA VL - 113 IS - 4 SN - 0091-6765, 0091-6765 KW - Health & Safety Science Abstracts KW - Asthma KW - Respiratory diseases KW - Respiratory function KW - Morbidity KW - Occupational health KW - H 1000:Occupational Safety and Health UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/17596594?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Ahealthsafetyabstracts&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Environmental+Health+Perspectives&rft.atitle=Respiratory+Morbidity+in+Office+Workers+in+a+Water-Damaged+Building&rft.au=Cox-Ganser%2C+J+M%3BWhite%2C+S+K%3BJones%2C+R%3BHilsbos%2C+K%3BStorey%2C+E%3BEnright%2C+P+L%3BRao%2C+CY%3BKreiss%2C+K&rft.aulast=Cox-Ganser&rft.aufirst=J&rft.date=2005-04-01&rft.volume=113&rft.issue=4&rft.spage=485&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Environmental+Health+Perspectives&rft.issn=00916765&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2010-05-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-14 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Asthma; Respiratory function; Respiratory diseases; Morbidity; Occupational health ER - TY - JOUR T1 - The critical ventilation velocity in tunnel fires; a computer simulation AN - 17557970; 6446514 AB - In ventilated tunnel fires, smoke and hot combustion products may form a layer near the ceiling and flow in the direction opposite to the ventilation stream. The existence of this reverse stratified flow has an important bearing on fire fighting and evacuation of underground mine roadways, tunnels and building corridors. In the present study, conducted by the National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, a CFD program (fire dynamics simulator) based on large eddy simulations (LES) is used to model floor-level fires in a ventilated tunnel. Specifically, the critical ventilation velocity that is just sufficient to prevent the formation of a reverse stratified layer is simulated for two tunnels of different size. The computer code is verified by checking the computed velocity profile against experimental measurements. The CFD results show the leveling-off of the critical ventilation velocity as the heat release rate surpasses a certain value. At this critical ventilation, the ceiling temperature above the fire reaches a maximum for both tunnels. The velocity leveling-off can be explained from this observation. An extended correlation of Newman (Combust. Flame 57 (1984) 33) is applied to the temperature profiles obtained by CFD. At the critical ventilation, temperature stratification exists downstream from the fire. The computed critical ventilation velocity shows fair agreement with available experimental data taken from both horizontal and inclined fire tunnels. The CFD simulations indicate that the Froude modeling is an approximation for tunnel fires. The Froude-scaling law does not apply to two geometrically similar fire tunnels. The CFD results are compared with two simple theories of critical ventilation by Kennedy et al. (ASHRAE Trans. Res. 102(2) (1996) 40) and Kunsch (Fire safety J. 37 (2002) 67). JF - Fire Safety Journal AU - Hwang, C C AU - Edwards, J C AD - National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, Pittsburgh Research Laboratory, Pittsburgh, PA 15236-0070, USA, ckh9@cdc.gov Y1 - 2005/04// PY - 2005 DA - Apr 2005 SP - 213 EP - 244 PB - Elsevier Science Ltd., The Boulevard Langford Lane Kidlington Oxford OX5 1GB UK, [mailto:nlinfo-f@elsevier.nl], [URL:http://www.elsevier.nl] VL - 40 IS - 3 SN - 0379-7112, 0379-7112 KW - Health & Safety Science Abstracts KW - Ventilation KW - Combustion products KW - Occupational safety KW - Stratification KW - Fires KW - Temperature KW - Simulation KW - Velocity KW - Mines KW - Tunnels KW - evacuation KW - Smoke KW - H 7000:Fire Safety UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/17557970?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Ahealthsafetyabstracts&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Fire+Safety+Journal&rft.atitle=The+critical+ventilation+velocity+in+tunnel+fires%3B+a+computer+simulation&rft.au=Hwang%2C+C+C%3BEdwards%2C+J+C&rft.aulast=Hwang&rft.aufirst=C&rft.date=2005-04-01&rft.volume=40&rft.issue=3&rft.spage=213&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Fire+Safety+Journal&rft.issn=03797112&rft_id=info:doi/10.1016%2Fj.firesaf.2004.11.001 LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Tunnels; Fires; Ventilation; Velocity; Simulation; Occupational safety; Temperature; Combustion products; evacuation; Stratification; Mines; Smoke DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.firesaf.2004.11.001 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Studies On Two Strains Of Plasmodium cynomolgi In New World And Old World Monkeys And Mosquitoes AN - 17396101; 6246970 AB - Infections that cause the Gombak and Smithsonian strains of Plasmodium cynomolgi were induced in Macaca mulatta, Aotus lemurinus griseimembra, Aotus nancymai, and Saimiri boliviensis monkeys. Transmission of the Gombak strain to Aotus spp. monkeys was obtained by the injection of sporozoites dissected from the salivary glands of experimentally infected Anopheles dirus and by the bites of infected An. dirus and Anopheles farauti mosquitoes. Two S. boliviensis monkeys were infected via the injection of sporozoites dissected from An. dirus. Prepatent periods in New World monkeys ranged from 14 to 44 days, with a median of 18 days. The Smithsonian strain was transmitted via sporozoites to 1 A. lemurinus griseimembra and 9 A. nancymai monkeys. Prepatent periods ranged from 12 to 31 days. JF - Journal of Parasitology AU - Collins, W E AU - Warren, M AU - Sullivan, J S AU - Galland, G G AU - Nace, D AU - Williams, A AU - Williams, T AU - Barnwell, J W AD - Division of Parasitic Diseases and Animal Resources Branch, National Center for Infectious Diseases, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia 30341, wec1@cdc.gov Y1 - 2005/04// PY - 2005 DA - April 2005 SP - 280 EP - 283 PB - American Society of Parasitologists VL - 91 IS - 2 SN - 0022-3395, 0022-3395 KW - Aotus nancymae KW - Aotus nancymai KW - Bites KW - Blood meals KW - Experimental infection KW - Lemurine Owl Monkey KW - Monkeys KW - Mosquitoes KW - Peruvian Red-necked Owl Monkey KW - Rhesus monkey KW - Salivary glands KW - Squirrel monkeys KW - ASFA 3: Aquatic Pollution & Environmental Quality; ASFA 1: Biological Sciences & Living Resources; Microbiology Abstracts C: Algology, Mycology & Protozoology; Entomology Abstracts KW - Biological vectors KW - Human diseases KW - Aotus nancymaee KW - Protozoan diseases KW - Aotus KW - Sporozoites KW - Salivary gland KW - Infection KW - Strains KW - Aotus lemurinus griseimembra KW - Risks KW - Disease transmission KW - Public health KW - Saimiri KW - Infectious diseases KW - Glands KW - Plasmodium cynomolgi KW - Anopheles dirus KW - Macaca mulatta KW - Disease detection KW - Aquatic insects KW - Anopheles farauti KW - K 03091:Protozoa: animal KW - Z 05206:Medical & veterinary entomology KW - Q1 08484:Species interactions: parasites and diseases KW - Q5 08524:Public health, medicines, dangerous organisms UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/17396101?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aasfaaquaticpollution&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Parasitology&rft.atitle=Studies+On+Two+Strains+Of+Plasmodium+cynomolgi+In+New+World+And+Old+World+Monkeys+And+Mosquitoes&rft.au=Collins%2C+W+E%3BWarren%2C+M%3BSullivan%2C+J+S%3BGalland%2C+G+G%3BNace%2C+D%3BWilliams%2C+A%3BWilliams%2C+T%3BBarnwell%2C+J+W&rft.aulast=Collins&rft.aufirst=W&rft.date=2005-04-01&rft.volume=91&rft.issue=2&rft.spage=280&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+Parasitology&rft.issn=00223395&rft_id=info:doi/10.1043%2F0022-3395%282005%290912.0.CO%3B2 LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-02-01 N1 - Last updated - 2016-05-27 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Biological vectors; Human diseases; Infectious diseases; Protozoan diseases; Glands; Disease detection; Strains; Aquatic insects; Risks; Public health; Disease transmission; Bites; Sporozoites; Infection; Salivary gland; Saimiri; Aotus nancymaee; Aotus; Plasmodium cynomolgi; Macaca mulatta; Anopheles dirus; Aotus lemurinus griseimembra; Anopheles farauti DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1043/0022-3395(2005)091[0280:SOTSOP]2.0.CO;2 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Physical Activity among Adults greater than or equal to 50 yr with and without Disabilities, BRFSS 2001 AN - 17337556; 6236020 AB - Before 2001, the Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System (BRFSS), a national survey of health behaviors, assessed only leisure-time physical activity. In 2001, the BRFSS used newly developed physical activity items to evaluate combined leisure-time, household, and transportation activities. Using BRFSS 2001 data, this cross-sectional study describes the prevalence of inactivity and insufficient and recommended physical activity for older adults (i.e., aged greater than or equal to 50 yr). BRFSS 2001 data were analyzed using prevalence estimates and logistic regression to assess physical activity patterns among older adults (N = 74,960) stratified by disability status, and select sociodemographic and health status characteristics. A total of 43.4, 39.1, and 17.5% of respondents without disabilities were active at a recommended level, insufficiently active, and inactive, respectively, taking into account nonoccupational physical activities. A total of 28.8% of older adults with disabilities were active at a recommended level, 35.7% insufficiently active, and 35.5% inactive. Among persons with and without disabilities, groups with the highest odds of inactivity and insufficient activity were women, persons aged greater than or equal to 75 yr, blacks, persons with lower education levels and low incomes, and those who were obese. Not all persons with disabilities can be active at recommended levels, but it is possible for the vast majority to do some types of physical activity, even if at insufficient levels. Thus, it may be possible for the prevalence of inactivity among persons with and without disabilities to be similar. This was not found. At the start of the new millennium, almost 60% of older adults without disabilities and 70% with disabilities were not obtaining a recommended amount of combined leisure-time, transportation, and household physical activity. JF - Medicine & Science in Sports & Exercise AU - Brown AU - Yore, MM AU - Ham, SA AU - Macera, CA AD - Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, MS K-46, 4770 Buford Hwy., N.E., Atlanta, GA 30341-3724, USA, DBrown@cdc.gov Y1 - 2005/04// PY - 2005 DA - Apr 2005 SP - 620 EP - 629 VL - 37 IS - 4 SN - 0195-9131, 0195-9131 KW - Physical Education Index KW - PE 030:Exercise, Health & Physical Fitness UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/17337556?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aphysicaleducation&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Medicine+%26+Science+in+Sports+%26+Exercise&rft.atitle=Physical+Activity+among+Adults+greater+than+or+equal+to+50+yr+with+and+without+Disabilities%2C+BRFSS+2001&rft.au=Brown%3BYore%2C+MM%3BHam%2C+SA%3BMacera%2C+CA&rft.aulast=Brown&rft.aufirst=&rft.date=2005-04-01&rft.volume=37&rft.issue=4&rft.spage=620&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Medicine+%26+Science+in+Sports+%26+Exercise&rft.issn=01959131&rft_id=info:doi/10.1249%2F01.MSS.0000158189.17546.ED LA - English DB - Physical Education Index N1 - Date revised - 2006-04-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1249/01.MSS.0000158189.17546.ED ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Differential Pressure as a Measure of Participate Matter Emissions from Diesel Engines AN - 16207659; 6261225 AB - A diesel particulate matter analyzer capable of direct, real-time measurement of engine exhaust particulate is necessary to effectively institute source control technology currently being used on diesel equipment and to ensure that the control measures are working. To investigate the potential of a differential pressure monitor to measure diesel particulate matter in undiluted exhaust, samples were collected from three different diesel engines-Kubota, Isuzu, and Deutz - running under 12 different RPM and load scenarios. These measurements were compared to elemental carbon concentrations in the sampled exhaust as determined by using the NIOSH 5040 analytical method. Elemental carbon is used as a surrogate measurement for diesel particulate matter. The results of the two data sets were then compared using a linear regression analysis. The coefficient of determination (or R super(2)) was calculated to be 0.98, 0.94, and 0.74 for the Kubota, Deutz, and Isuzu engines, respectively. R super(2) values of this magnitude indicate that this method can be successful in estimating elemental carbon emissions in the engines tested. In addition, for replicate samples, the coefficient of variation ranged from 7.1% to 10.2% with an average of 8.5%. These data indicate that this method could prove useful to mechanics as they work to maintain engines and DPM control technologies. JF - Environmental Science & Technology AU - Mischler, SE AU - Volkwein, J C AD - National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, Pittsburgh Research Laboratory, 626 Cochrans Mill Road, Pittsburgh, PA 15236, USA, smischler@cdc.gov Y1 - 2005/04/01/ PY - 2005 DA - 2005 Apr 01 SP - 2255 EP - 2261 VL - 39 IS - 7 SN - 0013-936X, 0013-936X KW - Pollution Abstracts; Meteorological & Geoastrophysical Abstracts KW - Atmospheric pollution by diesel engines KW - Carbon KW - Combustion products KW - Emission measurements KW - Regression analysis KW - Particulates KW - Diesel engines KW - Carbon emissions KW - Exhaust emissions KW - M2 551.510.42:Air Pollution (551.510.42) KW - P 0000:AIR POLLUTION KW - M2 551.54:Atmospheric Pressure (551.54) UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16207659?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Apollution&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Environmental+Science+%26+Technology&rft.atitle=Differential+Pressure+as+a+Measure+of+Participate+Matter+Emissions+from+Diesel+Engines&rft.au=Mischler%2C+SE%3BVolkwein%2C+J+C&rft.aulast=Mischler&rft.aufirst=SE&rft.date=2005-04-01&rft.volume=39&rft.issue=7&rft.spage=2255&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Environmental+Science+%26+Technology&rft.issn=0013936X&rft_id=info:doi/10.1021%2Fes0491230 LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2005-08-01 N1 - Last updated - 2015-03-24 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Atmospheric pollution by diesel engines; Regression analysis; Carbon emissions; Carbon; Combustion products; Emission measurements; Particulates; Diesel engines; Exhaust emissions DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/es0491230 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - A simple hybrid variance estimator for the Kaplan-Meier survival function. AN - 67477547; 15558837 AB - In this paper, we propose a hybrid variance estimator for the Kaplan-Meier survival function. This new estimator approximates the true variance by a Binomial variance formula, where the proportion parameter is a piecewise non-increasing function of the Kaplan-Meier survival function and its upper bound, as described below. Also, the effective sample size equals the number of subjects not censored prior to that time. In addition, we consider an adjusted hybrid variance estimator that modifies the regular estimator for small sample sizes. We present a simulation study to compare the performance of the regular and adjusted hybrid variance estimators to the Greenwood and Peto variance estimators for small sample sizes. We show that on average these hybrid variance estimators give closer variance estimates to the true values than the traditional variance estimators, and hence confidence intervals constructed with these hybrid variance estimators have more nominal coverage rates. Indeed, the Greenwood and Peto variance estimators can substantially underestimate the true variance in the left and right tails of the survival distribution, even with moderately censored data. Finally, we illustrate the use of these hybrid and traditional variance estimators on a data set from a leukaemia clinical trial. JF - Statistics in medicine AU - Borkowf, Craig B AD - Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, National Center for Infectious Diseases, Division of Viral and Rickettsial Diseases, Influenza Branch, Epidemiology Section, Mail Stop A32, 1600 Clifton Road NE, Atlanta, GA 30333, USA. CBorkowf@cdc.gov Y1 - 2005/03/30/ PY - 2005 DA - 2005 Mar 30 SP - 827 EP - 851 VL - 24 IS - 6 SN - 0277-6715, 0277-6715 KW - Antimetabolites, Antineoplastic KW - 0 KW - 6-Mercaptopurine KW - E7WED276I5 KW - Index Medicus KW - Leukemia -- drug therapy KW - Analysis of Variance KW - Computer Simulation KW - Humans KW - 6-Mercaptopurine -- therapeutic use KW - Confidence Intervals KW - Sample Size KW - Randomized Controlled Trials as Topic -- methods KW - Antimetabolites, Antineoplastic -- therapeutic use KW - Remission Induction KW - Data Interpretation, Statistical KW - Survival Analysis UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/67477547?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Statistics+in+medicine&rft.atitle=A+simple+hybrid+variance+estimator+for+the+Kaplan-Meier+survival+function.&rft.au=Borkowf%2C+Craig+B&rft.aulast=Borkowf&rft.aufirst=Craig&rft.date=2005-03-30&rft.volume=24&rft.issue=6&rft.spage=827&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Statistics+in+medicine&rft.issn=02776715&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 2005-06-21 N1 - Date created - 2005-03-01 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Diesel exhaust particulate matter dispersed in a phospholipid surfactant induces chromosomal aberrations and micronuclei but not 6-thioguanine-resistant gene mutation in V79 cells AN - 17806517; 6178649 AB - Diesel exhaust particulate material (DPM) was assayed for induction of chromosomal aberrations (CA), micronucleus (MN) formation, and 6-thioguanine-resistant (TG super(r)) gene mutation in V79 cells as a dispersion in dipalmitoyl phosphatidylcholine (DPPC) in physiological saline, a simulated pulmonary surfactant. Filter-collected automobile DPM provided for the study was not organic solvent extracted, but was directly mixed into DPPC in saline dispersion as a model of pulmonary surfactant conditioning of a soot particle depositing in a lung alveolus. A statistically significant difference was found between treated and control groups at all concentrations tested in a CA assay. Assay for MN induction also gave a positive response: Above 50 mu g/ml, the frequencies of micronucleated cells (MNC) were about 2 times higher than those in the control group. The forward gene mutation assay did not show a positive response when cells were treated with up to 136 mu g DPM/ml for 24 h, as dispersion in DPPC in saline. Some comparison assays were run on direct dispersions of the DPM into dimethyl sulfoxide, with results equivalent to those seen with a DPPC-saline preparation: DPM in dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO) was positive for MN induction but was negative for forward gene mutation in V79 cells. The positive clastogenicity results are consistent with other studies of DPM dispersed into DPPC-saline surfactant that have shown activity in mammalian cells for sister chromatid exchange, unscheduled DNA synthesis, and MN induction. The forward gene mutation negative results are consistent with studies of that assay applied to V79 cells challenged with DPM solvent extract. JF - Journal of Toxicology and Environmental Health, Part A: Current Issues AU - Gu, Z-W AU - Keane, MJ AU - Ong, T-M AU - Wallace, W E AD - National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, 1095 Willowdale Road, Morgantown, WV 26505, USA, wwallace@cdc.gov Y1 - 2005/03/26/ PY - 2005 DA - 2005 Mar 26 SP - 431 EP - 444 VL - 68 IS - 6 SN - 1528-7394, 1528-7394 KW - dipalmitoyl phosphatidylcholine KW - Toxicology Abstracts KW - DNA biosynthesis KW - Sister chromatid exchange KW - Micronuclei KW - Point mutation KW - Particulate matter KW - Statistical analysis KW - Solvents KW - Alveoli KW - Exhausts KW - Mammalian cells KW - Lung KW - Clastogenicity KW - Dimethyl sulfoxide KW - Diesel KW - Surfactants KW - Phospholipids KW - X 24155:Biochemistry UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/17806517?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxicologyabstracts&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Toxicology+and+Environmental+Health%2C+Part+A%3A+Current+Issues&rft.atitle=Diesel+exhaust+particulate+matter+dispersed+in+a+phospholipid+surfactant+induces+chromosomal+aberrations+and+micronuclei+but+not+6-thioguanine-resistant+gene+mutation+in+V79+cells&rft.au=Gu%2C+Z-W%3BKeane%2C+MJ%3BOng%2C+T-M%3BWallace%2C+W+E&rft.aulast=Gu&rft.aufirst=Z-W&rft.date=2005-03-26&rft.volume=68&rft.issue=6&rft.spage=431&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+Toxicology+and+Environmental+Health%2C+Part+A%3A+Current+Issues&rft.issn=15287394&rft_id=info:doi/10.1080%2F15287390590903676 LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2010-05-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-14 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - DNA biosynthesis; Sister chromatid exchange; Particulate matter; Point mutation; Micronuclei; Solvents; Statistical analysis; Alveoli; Exhausts; Mammalian cells; Lung; Clastogenicity; Dimethyl sulfoxide; Diesel; Surfactants; Phospholipids DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/15287390590903676 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Evidence of a previously undocumented epidemic of HIV infection among men who have sex with men in Bangkok, Thailand. AN - 67514444; 15764858 AB - The HIV prevalence and associated risk behaviours in Thai men who have sex with men (MSM) are unknown. This information is crucial to inform and implement targeted preventive interventions for this population. A cross-sectional assessment, using venue-day-time sampling, was conducted. Participants were 1121 Thai men who were 18 years or older, were residents of Bangkok, and reported anal or oral sex with a man during the past 6 months. Oral fluid specimens were tested for HIV antibody. Demographic and behavioural data were collected using an interviewer-administered Palm based automated questionnaire. HIV prevalence was 17.3% (194 of 1121). Mean age was 26.9 years (median 25 years), and university education was completed by 42.5%. Sex with men and women during the past 6 months was reported by 22.3%; sex with a woman ever, 36%; and unprotected sexual intercourse during the past 3 months, 36.0%. Alcohol use during the past 3 months was common (73.7%); drug use was rare (2.5%). Multivariate logistic regression analyses showed lower education, recruitment from a park, self-identification as homosexual, receptive and insertive anal intercourse, more years since first anal intercourse, and more male sex partners to be significantly and independently associated with HIV prevalence. HIV infection is common among MSM in Bangkok. HIV prevention programs are urgently needed to prevent further spread of HIV in this young and sexually active population. JF - AIDS (London, England) AU - van Griensven, Frits AU - Thanprasertsuk, Sombat AU - Jommaroeng, Rapeepun AU - Mansergh, Gordon AU - Naorat, Sathapana AU - Jenkins, Richard A AU - Ungchusak, Kamnuan AU - Phanuphak, Praphan AU - Tappero, Jordan W AU - Bangkok MSM Study Group AD - Thailand Ministry of Public Health-US Centers for Disease Control and Prevention Collaboration, Nonthaburi 11000, Thailand. fav1@cdc.gov ; Bangkok MSM Study Group Y1 - 2005/03/25/ PY - 2005 DA - 2005 Mar 25 SP - 521 EP - 526 VL - 19 IS - 5 SN - 0269-9370, 0269-9370 KW - Index Medicus KW - AIDS/HIV KW - Risk-Taking KW - Humans KW - Alcohol Drinking -- epidemiology KW - Sexual Partners KW - Cross-Sectional Studies KW - Risk Factors KW - Adult KW - Thailand -- epidemiology KW - Adolescent KW - Sexual Behavior -- psychology KW - Female KW - Male KW - Substance-Related Disorders -- epidemiology KW - Prevalence KW - Homosexuality, Male KW - Disease Outbreaks KW - HIV Infections -- psychology KW - HIV Infections -- epidemiology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/67514444?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=AIDS+%28London%2C+England%29&rft.atitle=Evidence+of+a+previously+undocumented+epidemic+of+HIV+infection+among+men+who+have+sex+with+men+in+Bangkok%2C+Thailand.&rft.au=van+Griensven%2C+Frits%3BThanprasertsuk%2C+Sombat%3BJommaroeng%2C+Rapeepun%3BMansergh%2C+Gordon%3BNaorat%2C+Sathapana%3BJenkins%2C+Richard+A%3BUngchusak%2C+Kamnuan%3BPhanuphak%2C+Praphan%3BTappero%2C+Jordan+W%3BBangkok+MSM+Study+Group&rft.aulast=van+Griensven&rft.aufirst=Frits&rft.date=2005-03-25&rft.volume=19&rft.issue=5&rft.spage=521&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=AIDS+%28London%2C+England%29&rft.issn=02699370&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 2005-05-24 N1 - Date created - 2005-03-14 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - SuppNotes - Comment In: AIDS. 2005 Mar 25;19(5):527-8 [15764859] N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Preemptive state smoke-free indoor air laws--United States, 1999-2004. AN - 67523947; 15772586 AB - Exposure to secondhand smoke results in approximately 3,000 lung cancer deaths and 35,000 heart disease deaths in the United States each year. Policies establishing smoke-free environments are the most effective method for reducing exposure to secondhand smoke. Restrictions on where smoking is allowed are also associated with decreased cigarette consumption and possibly with increased cessation rates among workers and the general public. Local laws often impose more stringent smoking restrictions than state laws. Preemptive legislation prohibits communities from enacting laws that are more stringent than or vary from the state law. One of the national health objectives for 2010 is to eliminate laws that preempt stronger tobacco-control laws (objective no. 27-19). In 1999, CDC published a list of states that, as of December 31, 1998, had laws that preempted stronger local smoking restrictions in one or more of three environments: government worksites, private-sector worksites, and restaurants. This report updates that list and summarizes changes in preemptive state smoke-free indoor air laws during 1999--2004 for these three environments. The findings indicate that almost no progress is being made toward the 2010 goal of eliminating all preemptive state smoke-free indoor air laws, resulting in the potential for lesser health protection. JF - MMWR. Morbidity and mortality weekly report AU - Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) AD - Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) Y1 - 2005/03/18/ PY - 2005 DA - 2005 Mar 18 SP - 250 EP - 253 VL - 54 IS - 10 KW - Tobacco Smoke Pollution KW - 0 KW - Index Medicus KW - United States KW - Humans KW - Smoking -- legislation & jurisprudence KW - Tobacco Smoke Pollution -- legislation & jurisprudence KW - Air Pollution, Indoor -- legislation & jurisprudence KW - Public Health -- legislation & jurisprudence UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/67523947?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=MMWR.+Morbidity+and+mortality+weekly+report&rft.atitle=Preemptive+state+smoke-free+indoor+air+laws--United+States%2C+1999-2004.&rft.au=Centers+for+Disease+Control+and+Prevention+%28CDC%29&rft.aulast=Centers+for+Disease+Control+and+Prevention+%28CDC%29&rft.aufirst=&rft.date=2005-03-18&rft.volume=54&rft.issue=10&rft.spage=250&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=MMWR.+Morbidity+and+mortality+weekly+report&rft.issn=1545-861X&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 2005-03-18 N1 - Date created - 2005-03-17 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - CPAPER T1 - Gender-based violence and mental health among East Timorese women AN - 39947500; 3921645 AU - Balaban, V AU - Hynes, M AU - Ward, J Y1 - 2005/03/15/ PY - 2005 DA - 2005 Mar 15 KW - CPI, Conference Papers Index KW - U 2000:Biology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/39947500?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Acpi&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=conference&rft.jtitle=&rft.atitle=Gender-based+violence+and+mental+health+among+East+Timorese+women&rft.au=Balaban%2C+V%3BHynes%2C+M%3BWard%2C+J&rft.aulast=Balaban&rft.aufirst=V&rft.date=2005-03-15&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - SuppNotes - Availability: ISTSS, Intl. Soc. f. Traumatic Stress Studies, 60 Revere Drive, Suite 500, Northbrook, IL 60062, USA; phone: (847) 480-9028; fax: (847) 480-9282; email: istss@istss.org; URL: www.istss.org N1 - Last updated - 2010-05-03 ER - TY - CPAPER T1 - Preparing for pandemic and bioterror threats: Overcoming safety concerns for the use of high-speed jet injectors in mass vaccination campaigns AN - 39890446; 3920293 AU - Weniger, B Y1 - 2005/03/15/ PY - 2005 DA - 2005 Mar 15 KW - CPI, Conference Papers Index KW - U 2000:Biology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/39890446?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Acpi&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=conference&rft.jtitle=&rft.atitle=Preparing+for+pandemic+and+bioterror+threats%3A+Overcoming+safety+concerns+for+the+use+of+high-speed+jet+injectors+in+mass+vaccination+campaigns&rft.au=Weniger%2C+B&rft.aulast=Weniger&rft.aufirst=B&rft.date=2005-03-15&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - SuppNotes - Availability: Meetings Management, The Barn, Rake Meadow, Station Lane, Milford, Surrey GU8 5AD, UK; phone: +44 (0)1483 427770; fax: +44 (0)1483 428516; URL: www.meetingsmanagement.com N1 - Last updated - 2010-05-03 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - International retrospective cohort study of neural tube defects in relation to folic acid recommendations: are the recommendations working? AN - 17569957; 6188447 AB - OBJECTIVE:s To evaluate the effectiveness of policies and recommendations on folic acid aimed at reducing the occurrence of neural tube defects. Design Retrospective cohort study of births monitored by birth defect registries. Setting 13 birth defects registries monitoring rates of neural tube defects from 1988 to 1998 in Norway, Finland, Northern Netherlands, England and Wales, Ireland, France (Paris, Strasbourg, and Central East), Hungary, Italy (Emilia Romagna and Campania), Portugal, and Israel. Cases of neural tube defects were ascertained among liveborn infants, stillbirths, and pregnancy terminations (where legal). Policies and recommendations were ascertained by interview and literature review. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Incidences and trends in rates of neural tube defects before and after 1992 (the year of the first recommendations) and before and after the year of local recommendations (when applicable). RESULTS: The issuing of recommendations on folic acid was followed by no detectable improvement in the trends of incidence of neural tube defects. CONCLUSIONS: Recommendations alone did not seem to influence trends in neural tube defects up to six years after the confirmation of the effectiveness of folic acid in clinical trials. New cases of neural tube defects preventable by folic acid continue to accumulate. A reasonable strategy would be to quickly integrate food fortification with fuller implementation of recommendations on supplements. JF - British Medical Journal AU - Botto, Lorenzo D AU - Lisi, Alessandra AU - Robert-Gnansia, Elisabeth AU - Erickson, J David AU - Vollset, Stein Emil AU - Mastroiacovo, Pierpaolo AU - Botting, Beverley AU - Cocchi, Guido AU - De Vigan, Catherine AU - De Walle, Hermien AU - Feijoo, Maria AU - Irgens, Lorentz M AU - Mcdonnell, Bob AU - Merlob, Paul AU - Ritvanen, Annukka AU - Scarano, Gioacchino AU - Siffel, Csaba AU - Metneki, Julia AU - Stoll, Claude AU - Smithells, Richard AU - Goujard, Janine AD - National Center on Birth Defects and Developmental Disabilities, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA Y1 - 2005/03/12/ PY - 2005 DA - 2005 Mar 12 SP - 571 PB - British Medical Association, BMA House Square Tavistock Square London WC1H 9JP UK, [mailto:info.web@bma.org.uk], [URL:http://www.bma.org.uk/] VL - 330 IS - 7491 SN - 0959-8138, 0959-8138 KW - folic acid KW - Risk Abstracts KW - Nutrition KW - Clinical trials KW - Neural tube defects KW - R2 23060:Medical and environmental health UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/17569957?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Ariskabstracts&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=British+Medical+Journal&rft.atitle=International+retrospective+cohort+study+of+neural+tube+defects+in+relation+to+folic+acid+recommendations%3A+are+the+recommendations+working%3F&rft.au=Botto%2C+Lorenzo+D%3BLisi%2C+Alessandra%3BRobert-Gnansia%2C+Elisabeth%3BErickson%2C+J+David%3BVollset%2C+Stein+Emil%3BMastroiacovo%2C+Pierpaolo%3BBotting%2C+Beverley%3BCocchi%2C+Guido%3BDe+Vigan%2C+Catherine%3BDe+Walle%2C+Hermien%3BFeijoo%2C+Maria%3BIrgens%2C+Lorentz+M%3BMcdonnell%2C+Bob%3BMerlob%2C+Paul%3BRitvanen%2C+Annukka%3BScarano%2C+Gioacchino%3BSiffel%2C+Csaba%3BMetneki%2C+Julia%3BStoll%2C+Claude%3BSmithells%2C+Richard%3BGoujard%2C+Janine&rft.aulast=Botto&rft.aufirst=Lorenzo&rft.date=2005-03-12&rft.volume=330&rft.issue=7491&rft.spage=571&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=British+Medical+Journal&rft.issn=09598138&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Clinical trials; Neural tube defects; Nutrition ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Lead poisoning associated with use of litargirio--Rhode Island, 2003. AN - 67503733; 15758896 AB - Lead can damage the neurologic, hematologic, and renal systems. Deteriorated leaded paint in older housing remains the most common source of lead exposure for children in the United States; however, other lead sources increasingly are recognized, particularly among certain racial/ethnic populations. In 2003, the Rhode Island Department of Health (RIDOH) recognized litargirio (also known as litharge or lead monoxide), a yellow or peach-colored powder used as an antiperspirant/deodorant and a folk remedy in the Hispanic community, as a potential source of lead exposure for Hispanic children. This report summarizes a case investigation of elevated blood lead levels (BLLs > or =10 microg/dL) associated with litargirio use among two siblings in Rhode Island, the public health action taken, and a survey of parents/guardians in three pediatric clinics in Providence, Rhode Island, to assess litargirio use. Findings underscore the importance of follow-up of elevated BLLs and thorough investigation to identify all lead sources. JF - MMWR. Morbidity and mortality weekly report AU - Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) AD - Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) Y1 - 2005/03/11/ PY - 2005 DA - 2005 Mar 11 SP - 227 EP - 229 VL - 54 IS - 9 KW - Oxides KW - 0 KW - Lead KW - 2P299V784P KW - lead oxide KW - 4IN6FN8492 KW - Index Medicus KW - Infant KW - Dominican Republic -- ethnology KW - Hispanic Americans KW - Humans KW - Rhode Island -- epidemiology KW - Diseases in Twins KW - Child KW - Male KW - Female KW - Child, Preschool KW - Lead Poisoning -- epidemiology KW - Lead Poisoning -- etiology KW - Medicine, Traditional UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/67503733?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=MMWR.+Morbidity+and+mortality+weekly+report&rft.atitle=Lead+poisoning+associated+with+use+of+litargirio--Rhode+Island%2C+2003.&rft.au=Centers+for+Disease+Control+and+Prevention+%28CDC%29&rft.aulast=Centers+for+Disease+Control+and+Prevention+%28CDC%29&rft.aufirst=&rft.date=2005-03-11&rft.volume=54&rft.issue=9&rft.spage=227&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=MMWR.+Morbidity+and+mortality+weekly+report&rft.issn=1545-861X&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 2005-03-11 N1 - Date created - 2005-03-10 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Prevalence and correlates of crack-cocaine injection among young injection drug users in the United States, 1997-1999. AN - 67470189; 15734222 AB - We estimated prevalence and identified correlates of crack-cocaine injection among young injection drug users in the United States. We analyzed data from the second Collaborative Injection Drug Users Study (CIDUS II), a 1997-1999 cohort study of 18-30-year-old, street-recruited injection drug users from six US cities. Crack-cocaine injection was reported by 329 (15%) of 2198 participants. Prevalence varied considerably by site (range, 1.5-28.0%). No participants injected only crack-cocaine. At four sites where crack-cocaine injection prevalence was greater than 10%, recent (past 6 months) crack-cocaine injection was correlated with recent daily injection and sharing of syringes, equipment, and drug solution. Lifetime crack-cocaine injection was correlated with using shooting galleries, initiating others into drug injection, and having serologic evidence of hepatitis B virus and hepatitis C virus infection. Crack-cocaine injection may be a marker for high-risk behaviors that can be used to direct efforts to prevent HIV and other blood-borne viral infections. JF - Drug and alcohol dependence AU - Santibanez, Scott S AU - Garfein, Richard S AU - Swartzendruber, Andrea AU - Kerndt, Peter R AU - Morse, Edward AU - Ompad, Danielle AU - Strathdee, Steffanie AU - Williams, Ian T AU - Friedman, Samuel R AU - Ouellet, Lawrence J AD - Division of HIV/AIDS, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, 1600 Clifton Road, Atlanta, GA 30333, USA. ssantibanez@cdc.gov Y1 - 2005/03/07/ PY - 2005 DA - 2005 Mar 07 SP - 227 EP - 233 VL - 77 IS - 3 SN - 0376-8716, 0376-8716 KW - Crack Cocaine KW - 0 KW - Index Medicus KW - Unsafe Sex KW - Needle Sharing -- statistics & numerical data KW - Urban Population -- statistics & numerical data KW - Risk-Taking KW - HIV Infections -- transmission KW - Humans KW - Comorbidity KW - Socioeconomic Factors KW - Cross-Sectional Studies KW - Health Status Indicators KW - HIV Seroprevalence KW - Adult KW - Cohort Studies KW - HIV Infections -- prevention & control KW - Statistics as Topic KW - Hepatitis C -- epidemiology KW - Adolescent KW - United States -- epidemiology KW - Male KW - Female KW - Hepatitis B -- epidemiology KW - Substance Abuse, Intravenous -- epidemiology KW - Cocaine-Related Disorders -- epidemiology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/67470189?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Drug+and+alcohol+dependence&rft.atitle=Prevalence+and+correlates+of+crack-cocaine+injection+among+young+injection+drug+users+in+the+United+States%2C+1997-1999.&rft.au=Santibanez%2C+Scott+S%3BGarfein%2C+Richard+S%3BSwartzendruber%2C+Andrea%3BKerndt%2C+Peter+R%3BMorse%2C+Edward%3BOmpad%2C+Danielle%3BStrathdee%2C+Steffanie%3BWilliams%2C+Ian+T%3BFriedman%2C+Samuel+R%3BOuellet%2C+Lawrence+J&rft.aulast=Santibanez&rft.aufirst=Scott&rft.date=2005-03-07&rft.volume=77&rft.issue=3&rft.spage=227&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Drug+and+alcohol+dependence&rft.issn=03768716&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 2005-08-23 N1 - Date created - 2005-02-28 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Measurement of trihalomethanes and methyl tert-butyl ether in whole blood using gas chromatography with high-resolution mass spectrometry. AN - 67842248; 15902975 AB - The prevalence of disinfection by-products in drinking water supplies has raised concerns about possible adverse health effects from chronic exposure to these compounds. To support studies exploring the relation between exposure to trihalomethanes (THMs) and adverse health effects, an automated analytical method was developed using capillary gas chromatography (GC) and high-resolution mass spectrometry (MS) with selected ion mass detection and isotope-dilution techniques. This method quantified trace levels of THMs (including chloroform, bromodichloromethane, dibromochloromethane, and bromoform) and methyl tert-butyl ether (MTBE) in human blood. Analyte responses were adequate for measuring background levels after extraction of these volatile organic compounds with either purge-and-trap extraction or headspace solid-phase microextraction (SPME). The SPME method was chosen because of its ease of use and higher throughput. Detection limits for the SPME GC-MS method ranged from 0.3 to 2.4 ng/L, with linear ranges of three orders of magnitude. This method proved adequate for measuring the THMs and MTBE in most blood samples tested from a diverse U.S. reference population. JF - Journal of analytical toxicology AU - Bonin, Michael A AU - Silva, Lalith K AU - Smith, Mitchell M AU - Ashley, David L AU - Blount, Benjamin C AD - Division of Laboratory Sciences, National Center for Environmental Health, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia 30341, USA. mab2@cdc.gov Y1 - 2005/03// PY - 2005 DA - March 2005 SP - 81 EP - 89 VL - 29 IS - 2 SN - 0146-4760, 0146-4760 KW - Methyl Ethers KW - 0 KW - Trihalomethanes KW - Water Pollutants, Chemical KW - methyl tert-butyl ether KW - 29I4YB3S89 KW - Index Medicus KW - Environmental Monitoring KW - Reproducibility of Results KW - Humans KW - Trihalomethanes -- blood KW - Methyl Ethers -- blood KW - Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry -- methods KW - Water Pollutants, Chemical -- blood UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/67842248?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+analytical+toxicology&rft.atitle=Measurement+of+trihalomethanes+and+methyl+tert-butyl+ether+in+whole+blood+using+gas+chromatography+with+high-resolution+mass+spectrometry.&rft.au=Bonin%2C+Michael+A%3BSilva%2C+Lalith+K%3BSmith%2C+Mitchell+M%3BAshley%2C+David+L%3BBlount%2C+Benjamin+C&rft.aulast=Bonin&rft.aufirst=Michael&rft.date=2005-03-01&rft.volume=29&rft.issue=2&rft.spage=81&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+analytical+toxicology&rft.issn=01464760&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 2005-09-01 N1 - Date created - 2005-05-20 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Integrating occupational safety and health information into vocational and technical education and other workforce preparation programs. AN - 67449041; 15727967 AB - The high rates of injury among young workers are a pressing public health issue, especially given the demand of the job market for new workers. Young and new workers experience the highest rates of occupational injuries of any age group. Incorporating occupational safety and health (OSH) information into the more than 20 000 vocational and other workforce preparation programs in the United States might provide a mechanism for reducing work-related injuries and illnesses among young and new workers. We assessed the status of including OSH information or training in workforce preparation programs and found there is an inconsistent emphasis on OSH information. JF - American journal of public health AU - Schulte, Paul A AU - Stephenson, Carol Merry AU - Okun, Andrea H AU - Palassis, John AU - Biddle, Elyce AD - NIOSH, 4676 Columbia Parkway, MS-C14, Cincinnati, OH 45226, USA. pas4@cdc.gov Y1 - 2005/03// PY - 2005 DA - March 2005 SP - 404 EP - 411 VL - 95 IS - 3 SN - 0090-0036, 0090-0036 KW - Abridged Index Medicus KW - Index Medicus KW - Models, Educational KW - Accidents, Occupational -- prevention & control KW - Attitude to Health KW - Employment -- organization & administration KW - Humans KW - Occupational Diseases -- prevention & control KW - Aged KW - Child KW - Needs Assessment KW - National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (U.S.) KW - Risk Assessment KW - Health Promotion -- organization & administration KW - Curriculum KW - Accidents, Occupational -- statistics & numerical data KW - Adult KW - Health Knowledge, Attitudes, Practice KW - Occupational Diseases -- epidemiology KW - Middle Aged KW - Guidelines as Topic KW - Adolescent KW - United States -- epidemiology KW - Community Health Services -- organization & administration KW - School Health Services -- organization & administration KW - Occupational Health KW - Vocational Education -- organization & administration KW - Health Education -- organization & administration KW - Safety Management -- organization & administration UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/67449041?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=American+journal+of+public+health&rft.atitle=Integrating+occupational+safety+and+health+information+into+vocational+and+technical+education+and+other+workforce+preparation+programs.&rft.au=Schulte%2C+Paul+A%3BStephenson%2C+Carol+Merry%3BOkun%2C+Andrea+H%3BPalassis%2C+John%3BBiddle%2C+Elyce&rft.aulast=Schulte&rft.aufirst=Paul&rft.date=2005-03-01&rft.volume=95&rft.issue=3&rft.spage=404&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=American+journal+of+public+health&rft.issn=00900036&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 2005-03-31 N1 - Date created - 2005-02-24 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - SuppNotes - Cited By: J Agric Saf Health. 2003 May;9(2):107-18 [12827857] Am J Ind Med. 2004 Feb;45(2):218-21 [14748053] Int J Occup Environ Health. 2004 Jan-Mar;10(1):90-8 [15070031] J Occup Environ Med. 2000 Dec;42(12):1142-7 [11125676] Am J Ind Med. 1995 Jun;27(6):793-805 [7645574] Public Health Rep. 1995 Nov-Dec;110(6):701-2 [8570822] Inj Prev. 1998 Sep;4(3):211-7 [9788093] Am J Public Health. 1995 Apr;85(4):590-1 [7755778] N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Sedentary Behavior, Physical Activity, and the Metabolic Syndrome among U.S. Adults AN - 19428548; 6269898 AB - OBJECTIVE: We examined the associations among physical activity, sedentary behavior, and metabolic syndrome in a representative sample of U.S. adults. RESEARCH METHODS AND PROCEDURES: A total of 1626 men and women greater than or equal to 20 years old from National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey 1999 to 2000 who attended the morning examination were evaluated. The metabolic syndrome was defined by using the definition from the National Cholesterol Education Program. RESULTS: In unadjusted analysis, participants who did not engage in any moderate or vigorous physical activity during leisure time had almost twice the odds of having metabolic syndrome [odds ratio (OR), 1.90; 95% confidence interval (CI), 1.22 to 2.97] as those who reportedly engaged in greater than or equal to 150 min/wk of such activity. Adjustment for age, sex, race or ethnicity, educational status, smoking status, and alcohol use attenuated the OR (OR, 1.46; 95% CI, 0.87 to 2.45). Compared with participants who watched television or videos or used a computer <1 h/d outside of work, the adjusted ORs for having metabolic syndrome were 1.41 (95% CI 0.80 to 2.51) for 1 h/d, 1.37 (95% CI 0.85 to 2.20) for 2 h/d, 1.70 (95% CI 0.92 to 3.14) for 3 h/d, and 2.10 (95% CI 1.27 to 3.47) for greater than or equal to 4 h/d. Additional adjustment for physical activity or sedentary behavior minimally affected the ORs. DISCUSSION: Sedentary behavior is an important potential determinant of the prevalence of the syndrome. Efforts to lessen the amount of time that U.S. adults spend watching television or videos or using a computer, especially if coupled to increases in physical activity, could result in substantial decreases in the prevalence of metabolic syndrome. JF - Obesity Research AU - Ford, Earl S AU - Kohl, Harold WIII AU - Mokdad, Ali H AU - Ajani, Umed A AD - Divisions of Adult and Community Health and. Nutrition and Physical Activity, National Center for Chronic Disease Prevention and Health Promotion, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia Y1 - 2005/03// PY - 2005 DA - Mar 2005 SP - 608 EP - 614 PB - North American Association for the Study of Obesity, 1090 Amsterdam Ave., Ste. 14K New York NY 10025 USA, [mailto:helener@mindspring.com], [URL:http://www.naaso.org] VL - 13 IS - 3 SN - 1071-7323, 1071-7323 KW - Physical Education Index KW - Alcohol KW - Obesity KW - Programs KW - Videotape KW - Men KW - Lipids KW - Computers KW - Women KW - Surveys KW - Work KW - Health KW - Adults KW - Exercise KW - Nutrition KW - Evaluation KW - Smoking KW - USA KW - Education KW - Behavior KW - Leisure KW - Analysis KW - Television KW - Sex KW - PE 030:Exercise, Health & Physical Fitness UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/19428548?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aphysicaleducation&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Obesity+Research&rft.atitle=Sedentary+Behavior%2C+Physical+Activity%2C+and+the+Metabolic+Syndrome+among+U.S.+Adults&rft.au=Ford%2C+Earl+S%3BKohl%2C+Harold+WIII%3BMokdad%2C+Ali+H%3BAjani%2C+Umed+A&rft.aulast=Ford&rft.aufirst=Earl&rft.date=2005-03-01&rft.volume=13&rft.issue=3&rft.spage=608&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Obesity+Research&rft.issn=10717323&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - Physical Education Index N1 - Date revised - 2006-12-01 N1 - Last updated - 2015-03-25 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Obesity; Alcohol; Videotape; Programs; Men; Computers; Lipids; Women; Work; Surveys; Health; Exercise; Adults; Nutrition; Evaluation; Smoking; Education; Behavior; Leisure; Analysis; Television; Sex; USA ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Hydrogeology and assessment of human exposure to toxicants AN - 19389533; 8614818 AB - Abstract not available. JF - Hydrogeology Journal AU - Evans, Mark W AU - Maslia, Morris L AD - Agency for Toxic Substances and Disease Registry, 1600 Clifton Road Mail Stop E-32, Atlanta, GA 30333, USA, mxe7@cdc.gov Y1 - 2005/03// PY - 2005 DA - March 2005 SP - 325 EP - 327 PB - Springer-Verlag, P.O. Box 2485 Secaucus NJ 07096-2485 USA, [mailto:orders@springer-ny.com] VL - 13 IS - 1 SN - 1431-2174, 1431-2174 KW - Toxicology Abstracts; ASFA 2: Ocean Technology Policy & Non-Living Resources; Water Resources Abstracts KW - Arsenic KW - Exposure assessment KW - Health effects KW - Public Health KW - Assessments KW - Toxicants KW - Geohydrology KW - X 24490:Other KW - Q2 09346:Dangerous organisms KW - SW 3030:Effects of pollution UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/19389533?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxicologyabstracts&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Hydrogeology+Journal&rft.atitle=Hydrogeology+and+assessment+of+human+exposure+to+toxicants&rft.au=Evans%2C+Mark+W%3BMaslia%2C+Morris+L&rft.aulast=Evans&rft.aufirst=Mark&rft.date=2005-03-01&rft.volume=13&rft.issue=1&rft.spage=325&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Hydrogeology+Journal&rft.issn=14312174&rft_id=info:doi/10.1007%2Fs10040-004-0410-9 LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2008-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2016-05-27 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Toxicants; Public Health; Assessments; Geohydrology DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10040-004-0410-9 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Evaluation of new external quality assessment guidelines involving random blinded rechecking of acid-fast bacilli smears in a pilot project setting in Mexico AN - 17866520; 6237501 AB - SETTING: Laboratories in Mexico that support the national tuberculosis (TB) control program have been involved in an acid-fast bacilli (AFB) microscopy external quality assurance program which includes rechecking 100% of smears identified as AFB-positive by the local laboratories and 10% of smears identified as AFB-negative. Very few errors have been detected in Mexico using non-random selection and unblinded rechecking of the slides. OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the results from a 1-year pilot program involving blinded rechecking of randomly selected AFB slides from local TB laboratories in two Mexican states and determine its feasibility for future implementation. DESIGN: To reduce potential bias, laboratory staff from the National TB Laboratory, Institute for Epidemiological Diagnosis and Reference (InDRE), performed quarterly statistical sampling of AFB smears and on-site evaluations in local laboratories in each state. AFB smears were rechecked at the respective state laboratories with discordant results resolved at InDRE. RESULTS: A significantly greater percentage of errors was detected on the randomly selected, blinded AFB smears than on the non-randomly selected, unblinded smears. CONCLUSION: Random blinded rechecking provides more accurate estimates of AFB microscopy results, resulting in improved diagnosis and monitoring of treatment response. JF - International Journal of Tuberculosis and Lung Disease AU - Martinez, A AU - Balandrano, S AU - Parissi, A AU - Zuniga, A AU - Sanchez, M AU - Ridderhof, J AU - Lipman, H B AU - Madison, B AD - Public Health Practice Program Office, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, MS G23, 4770 Buford Hwy NE, Atlanta, GA 30341-3717, USA, bmadison@cdc.gov Y1 - 2005/03// PY - 2005 DA - Mar 2005 SP - 301 EP - 305 VL - 9 IS - 3 SN - 1027-3719, 1027-3719 KW - Microbiology Abstracts B: Bacteriology KW - Bacilli KW - Mexico KW - Statistics KW - Quality control KW - Control programs KW - Microscopy KW - Lung diseases KW - Tuberculosis KW - Sampling KW - J 02845:Ear, nose and respiratory tract UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/17866520?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologyb&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=International+Journal+of+Tuberculosis+and+Lung+Disease&rft.atitle=Evaluation+of+new+external+quality+assessment+guidelines+involving+random+blinded+rechecking+of+acid-fast+bacilli+smears+in+a+pilot+project+setting+in+Mexico&rft.au=Martinez%2C+A%3BBalandrano%2C+S%3BParissi%2C+A%3BZuniga%2C+A%3BSanchez%2C+M%3BRidderhof%2C+J%3BLipman%2C+H+B%3BMadison%2C+B&rft.aulast=Martinez&rft.aufirst=A&rft.date=2005-03-01&rft.volume=9&rft.issue=3&rft.spage=301&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=International+Journal+of+Tuberculosis+and+Lung+Disease&rft.issn=10273719&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Last updated - 2015-03-24 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Bacilli; Statistics; Control programs; Quality control; Microscopy; Lung diseases; Tuberculosis; Sampling; Mexico ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Treatment of Mycobacterium bovis infected tuberculosis patients: San Diego County, California, United States, 1994-2003 AN - 17865774; 6237507 AB - SETTING: A local tuberculosis control program. OBJECTIVE: To examine treatment completion rates of patients with Mycobacterium bovis disease and compare them with those of patients with M. tuberculosis disease. DESIGN: Retrospective review of data from a tuberculosis surveillance computer database. RESULTS: Data from 167 M. bovis patients and 928 M. tuberculosis patients were examined. Rates of treatment completion were not significantly different (78% vs. 82%, chi super(2) = 1.60, P = 0.174), although death was more frequent among M. bovis patients (15% vs. 7%). The median time to treatment completion was 94 days longer for M. bovis patients. CONCLUSION: Overall, treatment completion rates of M. bovis and M. tuberculosis patients were comparable, although the death rate was higher for M. bovis patients. The latter finding may be related to a particularly high death rate among HIV-infected M. bovis patients. Therapy duration was longer for M. bovis patients, probably because resistance to pyrazinamide prevented the use of a short-course (6-month) regimen. JF - International Journal of Tuberculosis and Lung Disease AU - LoBue, P A AU - Moser, K S AD - Field Service and Evaluation Branch, Division of Tuberculosis Elimination, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Mail Stop E-10, 1600 Clifton Road, Atlanta, GA 30333, USA, pgl5@cdc.gov Y1 - 2005/03// PY - 2005 DA - Mar 2005 SP - 333 EP - 338 VL - 9 IS - 3 SN - 1027-3719, 1027-3719 KW - Microbiology Abstracts B: Bacteriology KW - Databases KW - Computers KW - Control programs KW - Lung diseases KW - Tuberculosis KW - pyrazinamide KW - USA, California KW - Mycobacterium bovis KW - J 02845:Ear, nose and respiratory tract UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/17865774?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologyb&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=International+Journal+of+Tuberculosis+and+Lung+Disease&rft.atitle=Treatment+of+Mycobacterium+bovis+infected+tuberculosis+patients%3A+San+Diego+County%2C+California%2C+United+States%2C+1994-2003&rft.au=LoBue%2C+P+A%3BMoser%2C+K+S&rft.aulast=LoBue&rft.aufirst=P&rft.date=2005-03-01&rft.volume=9&rft.issue=3&rft.spage=333&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=International+Journal+of+Tuberculosis+and+Lung+Disease&rft.issn=10273719&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Last updated - 2015-03-24 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Databases; Control programs; Computers; Lung diseases; pyrazinamide; Tuberculosis; Mycobacterium bovis; USA, California ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Application of solid-phase microextraction to in vitro skin permeation experiments: example using diethyl phthalate AN - 17770871; 6138234 AB - The application of automated solid-phase microextraction (SPME) as a sample preparation technique for in vitro studies of skin permeation is described, using diethyl phthalate (DEP) as an example. In vitro diffusion cell experiments and skin-vehicle partition coefficient determinations require quantitative analysis of low-level analytes in aqueous samples. SPME is an ideal candidate for sample preparation for subsequent gas chromatographic analysis, offering numerous advantages over other methods. SPME conditions were optimized and the automated method was found to exhibit adequate sensitivity and good precision (relative standard deviation = 3%). Abdominal skin (dermatomed at 350 mu m) from male hairless guinea pigs (n = 6) was used to measure DEP skin permeation parameters. In vitro methods were employed to determine permeability coefficient (k sub(p)), time lag ( tau ) and skin-buffer partition coefficient (K sub(SB)) for 2 mM DEP in HEPES buffered Hanks Balanced Salt Solution. Measurements (mean plus or minus standard deviations) are: k sub(p), 0.021 plus or minus 0.012 cm/h; tau , 0.67 [plus-or- minus-sign] 0.18 h; K sub(SB), 4.74 plus or minus 0.68. The skin may be a significant route for the uptake of DEP. JF - Toxicology In Vitro AU - Frasch, H F AU - Barbero, A M AD - Health Effects Laboratory Division, National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, 1095 Willowdale Road, Morgantown, WV 26505, USA, hbf9@cdc.gov Y1 - 2005/03// PY - 2005 DA - Mar 2005 SP - 253 EP - 259 PB - Elsevier Science Ltd., Pergamon, P.O. Box 800 Kidlington Oxford OX5 1DX UK, [mailto:nlinfo-f@elsevier.nl], [URL:http://www.elsevier.nl] VL - 19 IS - 2 SN - 0887-2333, 0887-2333 KW - pigs KW - Toxicology Abstracts KW - Permeability KW - Time lag KW - Membrane vehicle partition coefficient KW - Phthalic acid diesters KW - Gas chromatography methods KW - Salts KW - Skin KW - Standard deviation KW - Automation KW - diethyl phthalate KW - Hairless KW - Diffusion KW - X 24222:Analytical procedures UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/17770871?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxicologyabstracts&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Toxicology+In+Vitro&rft.atitle=Application+of+solid-phase+microextraction+to+in+vitro+skin+permeation+experiments%3A+example+using+diethyl+phthalate&rft.au=Frasch%2C+H+F%3BBarbero%2C+A+M&rft.aulast=Frasch&rft.aufirst=H&rft.date=2005-03-01&rft.volume=19&rft.issue=2&rft.spage=253&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Toxicology+In+Vitro&rft.issn=08872333&rft_id=info:doi/10.1016%2Fj.tiv.2004.10.001 LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Last updated - 2015-03-24 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Permeability; Salts; Standard deviation; Skin; Automation; Diffusion; Hairless; diethyl phthalate DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.tiv.2004.10.001 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Correlations between biodynamic characteristics of human hand-arm system and the isolation effectiveness of anti-vibration gloves AN - 17743981; 6141076 AB - The objective of this study was to identify major individual factors that are directly associated with the effectiveness of anti-vibration gloves. Two series of experiments were performed. The first experiment measured the apparent mass of hand-arm system. The second one measured the transmissibility of a typical anti-vibration glove using a palm adapter method recommended in ISO 10819 (International Organisation for Standardization, Geneva, Switzerland, 1996). Six volunteers participated in the experiments. Nine test combinations consisting of three hand-tool coupling actions (grip-only, push-only, and combined grip and push) and three coupling forces (50, 75, and 100 N) were used. This study found that the vibration transmissibility of the glove was reliably correlated with the apparent mass in the frequency range of 40-200 Hz; and that the glove became more effective when the apparent mass was increased. This study further identified the effective stiffness of the hand-arm system at frequencies from 63 to 100 Hz as the key factor that influenced the biodynamic response and the glove transmissibility measured at the palm of the hand. Although not statistically significant, there was a trend that the anti-vibration glove was less effective in the middle frequency range (50-100 Hz) for people with larger hand sizes.Relevance to industry Correlations between glove transmissibility and the biodynamic response of hand-arm system provide a theoretical basis for understanding the effects of various factors that may influence the effectiveness of anti-vibration gloves. This information can also be used to help resolve practical problems with current glove testing standards and to aid in the design, appropriate selection, and effective use of anti- vibration gloves and devices. JF - International Journal of Industrial Ergonomics AU - Dong, R G AU - McDowell, T W AU - Welcome, DE AU - Smutz, W P AD - HEL/National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH)/CDC, Engineering & Control Technology Branch, 1095 Willowdale Road, MS 2201, Morgantown, West Virginia, WV 26505, USA, rkd6@cdc.gov Y1 - 2005/03// PY - 2005 DA - Mar 2005 SP - 205 EP - 216 PB - Elsevier Science B.V., P.O. Box 211 Amsterdam 1000 AE Netherlands, [mailto:nlinfo-f@elsevier.nl], [URL:http://www.elsevier.nl/] VL - 35 IS - 3 SN - 0169-8141, 0169-8141 KW - Health & Safety Science Abstracts KW - gloves KW - Protective clothing KW - Hand-arm vibration syndrome KW - Vibration KW - Ergonomics KW - Occupational exposure KW - International standardization KW - Occupational health KW - H 10000:Ergonomics/Human Factors UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/17743981?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Ahealthsafetyabstracts&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=International+Journal+of+Industrial+Ergonomics&rft.atitle=Correlations+between+biodynamic+characteristics+of+human+hand-arm+system+and+the+isolation+effectiveness+of+anti-vibration+gloves&rft.au=Dong%2C+R+G%3BMcDowell%2C+T+W%3BWelcome%2C+DE%3BSmutz%2C+W+P&rft.aulast=Dong&rft.aufirst=R&rft.date=2005-03-01&rft.volume=35&rft.issue=3&rft.spage=205&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=International+Journal+of+Industrial+Ergonomics&rft.issn=01698141&rft_id=info:doi/10.1016%2Fj.ergon.2004.08.009 LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - gloves; Vibration; Occupational exposure; Occupational health; Protective clothing; Hand-arm vibration syndrome; International standardization; Ergonomics DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ergon.2004.08.009 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Epidemiology of gastroschisis in metropolitan Atlanta, 1968 through 2000 AN - 17660175; 6486813 AB - BACKGROUND An increase in the rate of gastroschisis has been documented by birth defects surveillance systems in the United States and in other countries. This study sought to evaluate historical trends in the rate of gastroschisis in Atlanta, Georgia, and to describe the epidemiology of gastroschisis over 33 years. METHODS Gastroschisis cases were identified through the Metropolitan Atlanta Congenital Defects Program (MACDP) from 1968 through 2000. Poisson regression techniques were used to evaluate trends over time. Data on covariates were compared for three maternal age groups ( less than or equal to 19, 20-24, and greater than or equal to 25 years). RESULTS From 1968 through 1975, the rate of gastroschisis was stable at 0.8 per 10,000 births. After 1975, the rate of gastroschisis was 2.3 per 10,000 births with no significant increase observed from 1976 through 2000. The rate of gastroschisis was six times higher among teenage mothers compared with mothers greater than or equal to 25 years of age. Affected infants born to teenage mothers were less likely to be born to Black mothers. JF - Birth Defects Research Part A: Clinical and Molecular Teratology AU - Williams, L J AU - Kucik, JE AU - Alverson, C J AU - Olney, R S AU - Correa, A AD - National Center on Birth Defects and Developmental Disabilities, 1600 Clifton Road, MS E-86, Atlanta, GA 30333, USA, ezk9@cdc.gov Y1 - 2005/03// PY - 2005 DA - Mar 2005 SP - 177 EP - 183 VL - 73 IS - 3 SN - 1542-0752, 1542-0752 KW - Toxicology Abstracts KW - X 24240:Miscellaneous UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/17660175?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxicologyabstracts&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Birth+Defects+Research+Part+A%3A+Clinical+and+Molecular+Teratology&rft.atitle=Epidemiology+of+gastroschisis+in+metropolitan+Atlanta%2C+1968+through+2000&rft.au=Williams%2C+L+J%3BKucik%2C+JE%3BAlverson%2C+C+J%3BOlney%2C+R+S%3BCorrea%2C+A&rft.aulast=Williams&rft.aufirst=L&rft.date=2005-03-01&rft.volume=73&rft.issue=3&rft.spage=177&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Birth+Defects+Research+Part+A%3A+Clinical+and+Molecular+Teratology&rft.issn=15420752&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2005-10-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Releases From Improper Chemical Mixing, Hazardous Substances Emergency Events Surveillance System, 1996-2001 AN - 17573531; 6468327 AB - To examine the public health consequences of acute hazardous substance releases resulting from the improper mixing of chemicals. Data from the Agency for Toxic Substances and Disease Registry's Hazardous Substances Emergency Events Surveillance system for 1996-2001 events were analyzed. "Private households" was the most frequent industry classification among improper mixing events, and chlorine was associated with a greater prevalence of improper mixing events. Releases from improper mixing were considerably more likely to involve fire, explosion, and fire-explosion combined; were markedly more likely to result in personal injury (48% for improper mixing events vs. 7% other events); and had a significantly greater percentage of victims with traumatic injury (PR = 3.07, 95% CI = 2.55-3.71). Improper chemical mixing can cause dangerous, harmful reactions and are preventable. Consumers should be educated to avoid mixing noncompatible products. JF - Journal of Occupational and Environmental Medicine AU - Ernst, K P AU - Wattigney, WA AU - Kaye, W E AD - Agency for Toxic Substances and Disease Registry, Division of Health Studies/Epidemiology and Surveillance Branch, 1600 Clifton Road NE, Mailstop E-31, Atlanta, GA 30333, USA, wdw0@cdc.gov Y1 - 2005/03// PY - 2005 DA - Mar 2005 SP - 287 EP - 293 VL - 47 IS - 3 SN - 1076-2752, 1076-2752 KW - Health & Safety Science Abstracts KW - Fires KW - Injuries KW - Materials handling KW - Chlorine KW - Explosions KW - Public health KW - Hazardous materials KW - Emergency preparedness KW - H 6000:Natural Disasters/Civil Defense/Emergency Management UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/17573531?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Ahealthsafetyabstracts&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Occupational+and+Environmental+Medicine&rft.atitle=Releases+From+Improper+Chemical+Mixing%2C+Hazardous+Substances+Emergency+Events+Surveillance+System%2C+1996-2001&rft.au=Ernst%2C+K+P%3BWattigney%2C+WA%3BKaye%2C+W+E&rft.aulast=Ernst&rft.aufirst=K&rft.date=2005-03-01&rft.volume=47&rft.issue=3&rft.spage=287&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+Occupational+and+Environmental+Medicine&rft.issn=10762752&rft_id=info:doi/10.1097%2F01.jom.0000155713.32644.1e LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2010-05-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-14 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Fires; Hazardous materials; Injuries; Emergency preparedness; Materials handling; Chlorine; Explosions; Public health DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/01.jom.0000155713.32644.1e ER - TY - JOUR T1 - The real vancomycin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus has arrived AN - 17492107; 6241736 AB - Over the last decade, staphylococci with reduced susceptibility to vancomycin have been reported with increasing frequency. The appearance of Staphylococcus aureus isolates with thickened cell walls for which the vancomycin MICs were 8 or 16 mu g/ml (vancomycin-intermediate S. aureus, or VISA) were followed by reports of isolates for which the vancomycin MICs were 32 pg/ml (vancomycin-resistant S. aureus, or VRSA). The latter isolates harbor the vanA vancomycin resistance gene from enterococci. Both VISA and VRSA isolates may escape detection in the clinical microbiology laboratory, depending on the method of susceptibility testing in use. The use of a brain heart infusion agar plate containing 6 pg of vancomycin/ml can aid in detecting these clinically significant isolates. The clinical significance and optimal methods for detecting heterogeneously vancomycin-intermediate S. aureus (hVISA) isolates remains controversial. JF - Clinical Microbiology Newsletter AU - Tenover, PFC AD - Division of Healthcare Quality Promotion, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA, USA, ft1@cdc.gov Y1 - 2005/03// PY - 2005 DA - Mar 2005 SP - 35 EP - 40 PB - Elsevier Science Inc., Box 882 New York NY 10159 USA, [mailto:usinfo-f@elsevier.com] VL - 27 IS - 5 SN - 0196-4399, 0196-4399 KW - Microbiology Abstracts B: Bacteriology KW - Heart KW - vanA gene KW - Brain KW - Vancomycin KW - Staphylococcus aureus KW - Minimum inhibitory concentration KW - Antibiotic resistance KW - Cell walls KW - J 02795:Antibiotic resistance UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/17492107?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologyb&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Clinical+Microbiology+Newsletter&rft.atitle=The+real+vancomycin-resistant+Staphylococcus+aureus+has+arrived&rft.au=Tenover%2C+PFC&rft.aulast=Tenover&rft.aufirst=PFC&rft.date=2005-03-01&rft.volume=27&rft.issue=5&rft.spage=35&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Clinical+Microbiology+Newsletter&rft.issn=01964399&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Last updated - 2015-03-24 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Heart; vanA gene; Brain; Vancomycin; Minimum inhibitory concentration; Antibiotic resistance; Cell walls; Staphylococcus aureus ER - TY - JOUR T1 - An Outbreak of Leptospirosis, Thailand--The Importance of the Laboratory AN - 17387993; 6490683 AB - The reported incidence of leptospirosis increased 30-fold in Thailand between 1995 and 2000. Despite many hypotheses to explain the increase, the true etiology remains unknown. We conducted a review of the national surveillance system for leptospirosis, examining the reporting practices, system attributes, and utilization of laboratory confirmation in two northeastern provinces. Using standard guidelines for evaluation of public health surveillance systems, we assessed the timeliness, completeness, and accuracy of data; the sensitivity and specificity of case ascertainment; and the overall usefulness of the Thai leptospirosis surveillance system. Physicians were interviewed to assess compliance and understanding of the case definition. Capacity for confirmation of leptospirosis by a Thai latex agglutination test was assessed. Completeness for variables critical for linking epidemiologic and laboratory data for leptospirosis was 69%. Twenty-eight percent of 208 provincial surveillance reports were considered timely. Interviewed physicians indicated that the national case definition was difficult to understand and apply, and that laboratory confirmation was infrequently used. Compared to a standardized microscopic agglutination test (MAT) panel, the Thai test was specific, but relatively insensitive. We found that a lack of a standardized case definition for leptospirosis, the infrequent use of confirmatory laboratory testing, and the inability to link clinical, epidemiologic, and laboratory data hindered system utility. This surveillance system for leptospirosis highlights difficulties with surveillance of febrile illnesses in general, and the importance of laboratory confirmation for infections that are difficult to diagnose clinically. JF - Southeast Asian Journal of Tropical Medicine & Public Health AU - Sejvar, James AU - Tangkanakul, Waraluk AU - Ratanasang, Pongsawat AU - Dowell, Scott F AU - Sangjun, Noppadol AU - Bragg, Sandra AU - Ashford, David AU - Tappero, Jordan AD - Division of Viral and Rickettsial Diseases, National Center for Infectious Diseases, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, 1600 Clifton Road, MS A-39 Atlanta, GA 30333, USA, zea3@cdc.gov Y1 - 2005/03// PY - 2005 DA - Mar 2005 SP - 289 EP - 295 PB - SEAMEO TROPMED Network VL - 36 IS - 2 SN - 0038-3619, 0038-3619 KW - Microbiology Abstracts B: Bacteriology KW - Etiology KW - Agglutination KW - Leptospirosis KW - Latex agglutination KW - Thailand KW - Reviews KW - Public health KW - J 02855:Human Bacteriology: Others UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/17387993?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologyb&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Southeast+Asian+Journal+of+Tropical+Medicine+%26+Public+Health&rft.atitle=An+Outbreak+of+Leptospirosis%2C+Thailand--The+Importance+of+the+Laboratory&rft.au=Sejvar%2C+James%3BTangkanakul%2C+Waraluk%3BRatanasang%2C+Pongsawat%3BDowell%2C+Scott+F%3BSangjun%2C+Noppadol%3BBragg%2C+Sandra%3BAshford%2C+David%3BTappero%2C+Jordan&rft.aulast=Sejvar&rft.aufirst=James&rft.date=2005-03-01&rft.volume=36&rft.issue=2&rft.spage=289&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Southeast+Asian+Journal+of+Tropical+Medicine+%26+Public+Health&rft.issn=00383619&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-04-01 N1 - Last updated - 2015-03-25 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Agglutination; Etiology; Latex agglutination; Leptospirosis; Reviews; Public health; Thailand ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Persistence of Fluoroquinolone-Resistant, Multidrug-Resistant Streptococcus pneumoniae in a Long-Term-Care Facility: Efforts to Reduce Intrafacility Transmission AN - 17365432; 6474684 AB - We describe an effort to reduce transmission of a multidrug-resistant Streptococcus pneumoniae (MDRSP) in a long-term-care facility (LTCF). Longitudinal cross-sectional study. An LTCF in New York City with ongoing disease due to an MDRSP strain among residents with AIDS since a 1995 outbreak. The MDRSP outbreak strain was susceptible to vancomycin but not to other antimicrobials tested, including fluoroquinolones. Residents and staff members of the LTCF during 1999 through 2001. Implementing standard infection control measures, and developing and implementing "enhanced standard" infection control measures, modified respiratory droplet prevention measures to reduce inter-resident transmission. Before the intervention, nasopharyngeal carriage of the MDRSP outbreak strain was detected in residents with AIDS and residents with tracheostomies who were not dependent on mechanical ventilation. The prevalence of nasopharyngeal carriage of the MDRSP outbreak strain was 7.8% among residents who had AIDS and 14.6% among residents with tracheostomies. After training sessions on standard and enhanced standard infection control measures, the staff appeared to have good knowledge and practice of the infection control measures. After the intervention, new transmission among residents with tracheostomies was prevented; however, these residents were prone to persistent tracheal carriage and needed ongoing enhanced standard infection control measures. Ongoing transmission among residents with AIDS, a socially active group, was documented, although fewer cases of disease due to the outbreak strain occurred. Infection control contributed to less transmission of MDRSP in the LTCF. Additional strategies are needed to reduce transmission and carriage among certain resident populations. JF - Infection Control and Hospital Epidemiology AU - Fry, A M AU - Udeagu, CCN AU - Soriano-Gabarro, M AU - Fridkin, S AU - Musinski, D AU - LaClaire, L AU - Elliott, J AU - Cook, DJP AU - Kornblum, J AU - Layton, M AU - Whitney, C G AD - Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Mailstop C-23, 1600 Clifton Road NE, Atlanta, GA 30333, USA, cgw3@cdc.gov Y1 - 2005/03// PY - 2005 DA - Mar 2005 SP - 239 EP - 247 VL - 26 IS - 3 SN - 0899-823X, 0899-823X KW - Virology & AIDS Abstracts; Microbiology Abstracts B: Bacteriology KW - Acquired immune deficiency syndrome KW - Ventilation KW - Fluoroquinolones KW - Drug resistance KW - Respiration KW - tracheostomy KW - Nasopharynx KW - Infection KW - Disease transmission KW - Antimicrobial agents KW - Streptococcus pneumoniae KW - Vancomycin KW - Hospitals KW - V 22360:AIDS and HIV KW - J 02845:Ear, nose and respiratory tract UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/17365432?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologyb&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Infection+Control+and+Hospital+Epidemiology&rft.atitle=Persistence+of+Fluoroquinolone-Resistant%2C+Multidrug-Resistant+Streptococcus+pneumoniae+in+a+Long-Term-Care+Facility%3A+Efforts+to+Reduce+Intrafacility+Transmission&rft.au=Fry%2C+A+M%3BUdeagu%2C+CCN%3BSoriano-Gabarro%2C+M%3BFridkin%2C+S%3BMusinski%2C+D%3BLaClaire%2C+L%3BElliott%2C+J%3BCook%2C+DJP%3BKornblum%2C+J%3BLayton%2C+M%3BWhitney%2C+C+G&rft.aulast=Fry&rft.aufirst=A&rft.date=2005-03-01&rft.volume=26&rft.issue=3&rft.spage=239&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Infection+Control+and+Hospital+Epidemiology&rft.issn=0899823X&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-02-01 N1 - Last updated - 2015-03-25 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Acquired immune deficiency syndrome; Fluoroquinolones; Ventilation; Respiration; Drug resistance; Vancomycin; tracheostomy; Nasopharynx; Infection; Antimicrobial agents; Hospitals; Disease transmission; Streptococcus pneumoniae ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Decreasing Reliability and Increasing Synchroneity of Western North American Streamflow AN - 17330395; 6210252 AB - Assessing climate-related societal vulnerability and mitigating impacts requires timely diagnosis of the nature of regional hydrologic change. A late-twentieth-century emergent trend is discovered toward increasing year-to-year variance (decreasing reliability) of streamflow across the major river basins in western North America--Fraser, Columbia, Sacramento-San Joaquin, and Upper Colorado. Simultaneously, a disproportionate increase in the incidence of synchronous flows (simultaneous high or low flows across all four river basins) has resulted in expansive water resources stress. The observed trends have analogs in wintertime atmospheric circulation regimes and ocean temperatures, raising new questions on the detection, attribution, and projection of regional hydrologic change induced by climate. JF - Journal of Climate AU - Jain, S AU - Hoerling, M AU - Eischeid, J AD - NOAA-CIRES Climate Diagnostics Center, 325 Broadway, R/CDC 1, Boulder, CO 80305-3328. Y1 - 2005/03// PY - 2005 DA - March 2005 SP - 613 EP - 618 PB - American Meteorological Society VL - 18 IS - 5 SN - 0894-8755, 0894-8755 KW - ASFA 2: Ocean Technology Policy & Non-Living Resources; Meteorological & Geoastrophysical Abstracts; Water Resources Abstracts KW - Hydrological Regime KW - River Basins KW - Climatic changes KW - Analogs KW - Water resources KW - Canada, British Columbia, Fraser R. KW - USA, Colorado R. KW - USA, California, San Joaquin R. KW - USA, California, Sacramento R. KW - Ocean-atmosphere system KW - Climatic Changes KW - River Flow KW - Streamflow variations KW - Vulnerability KW - North America KW - Low Flow KW - Temperature KW - Stress KW - Streamflow KW - River basins KW - Projections KW - Stream flow KW - USA, Colorado KW - Atmospheric circulation regimes KW - Water Resources KW - Q2 09243:Structure, mechanics and thermodynamics KW - M2 556.535:River regimes (556.535) KW - SW 0835:Streamflow and runoff KW - M2 551.579:Hydrometeorology (551.579) UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/17330395?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Awaterresources&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Climate&rft.atitle=Decreasing+Reliability+and+Increasing+Synchroneity+of+Western+North+American+Streamflow&rft.au=Jain%2C+S%3BHoerling%2C+M%3BEischeid%2C+J&rft.aulast=Jain&rft.aufirst=S&rft.date=2005-03-01&rft.volume=18&rft.issue=5&rft.spage=613&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+Climate&rft.issn=08948755&rft_id=info:doi/10.1175%2FJCLI-3311.1 LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-12-01 N1 - Last updated - 2016-05-27 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Analogs; Climatic changes; Ocean-atmosphere system; Water resources; River basins; Vulnerability; Stream flow; Atmospheric circulation regimes; Streamflow variations; Hydrological Regime; River Basins; Temperature; Low Flow; Stress; Climatic Changes; River Flow; Streamflow; Projections; Water Resources; USA, Colorado R.; North America; USA, Colorado; USA, California, San Joaquin R.; USA, California, Sacramento R.; Canada, British Columbia, Fraser R. DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1175/JCLI-3311.1 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Physical Activity Profiles of U.S. Adults Trying to Lose Weight: NHIS 1998 AN - 17323268; 6199978 AB - Purpose: Physical activity is an integral part of weight control programs, but recommended amounts vary. The objectives of this study were to describe the prevalence and characteristics of those who reported using exercise as a weight loss strategy (N = 14,716), and to determine the prevalence of meeting various institutionally recommended levels of physical activity (N = 8538) among that population. Methods: Data were obtained from the 1998 National Health Interview Survey, a face-to-face nationally representative household interview. Questions on leisure-time physical activity were analyzed using SUDAAN. Results: Among those who reported trying to lose weight, 55% reported using exercise as a weight loss strategy alone, and of those, 58% reported eating fewer calories. The prevalence of using exercise as a weight loss strategy was directly associated with education and inversely associated with age and body mass index. Among those who reported using exercise as a weight loss strategy, 57% met the minimal 1998 National Institutes of Health recommendation of greater than or equal to 150 min times wk super(-1); 46% met the lower end of the 2001 American College of Sports Medicine recommendation of 200 min times wk super(-1); and 30% met the upper end for 300 min times wk super(-1). Only 19% met the 2002 Institute of Medicine recommendation of 420 min times wk super(-1). Conclusions: Despite the importance of physical activity in a weight loss program, only about half of the persons trying to lose weight reported using exercise. Even among those, only slightly more than half met the minimal recommendations for physical activity. Efforts are needed to aid those trying to lose weight to incorporate appropriate levels of physical activity into their weight loss strategy. JF - Medicine & Science in Sports & Exercise AU - Kruger, J AU - Galuska, DA AU - Serdula, M K AU - Kohl, HW III AD - Division of Nutrition & Physical Activity, Centers for Disease Control & Prevention, 4770 Buford Highway, N.E., K-46, Atlanta, GA 30341-3724, USA, Ezk0@cdc.gov Y1 - 2005/03// PY - 2005 DA - Mar 2005 SP - 364 EP - 368 VL - 37 IS - 3 SN - 0195-9131, 0195-9131 KW - Physical Education Index KW - PE 030:Exercise, Health & Physical Fitness UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/17323268?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aphysicaleducation&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Medicine+%26+Science+in+Sports+%26+Exercise&rft.atitle=Physical+Activity+Profiles+of+U.S.+Adults+Trying+to+Lose+Weight%3A+NHIS+1998&rft.au=Kruger%2C+J%3BGaluska%2C+DA%3BSerdula%2C+M+K%3BKohl%2C+HW+III&rft.aulast=Kruger&rft.aufirst=J&rft.date=2005-03-01&rft.volume=37&rft.issue=3&rft.spage=364&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Medicine+%26+Science+in+Sports+%26+Exercise&rft.issn=01959131&rft_id=info:doi/10.1249%2F01.MSS.0000155434.87146.72 LA - English DB - Physical Education Index N1 - Date revised - 2006-02-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1249/01.MSS.0000155434.87146.72 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Workgroup Report: Implementing a National Occupational Reproductive Research Agenda - Decade One and Beyond AN - 17230693; 6963737 AB - The initial goal of occupational reproductive health research is to effectively study the many toxicants, physical agents, and biomechanical and psychosocial stressors that may constitute reproductive hazards in the workplace. Although the main objective of occupational reproductive researchers and clinicians is to prevent recognized adverse reproductive outcomes, research has expanded to include a broader spectrum of chronic health outcomes potentially affected by reproductive toxicants. To aid in achieving these goals, the National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, along with its university, federal, industry, and labor colleagues, formed the National Occupational Research Agenda (NORA) in 1996. NORA resulted in 21 research teams, including the Reproductive Health Research Team (RHRT). In this report, we describe progress made in the last decade by the RHRT and by others in this field, including prioritizing reproductive toxicants for further study; facilitating collaboration among epidemiologists, biologists, and lexicologists; promoting quality exposure assessment in field studies and surveillance; and encouraging the design and conduct of priority occupational reproductive studies. We also describe new tools for screening reproductive toxicants and for analyzing mode of action. We recommend considering outcomes such as menopause and latent adverse effects for further study, as well as including exposures such as shift work and nanomaterials. We describe a broad domain of scholarship activities where a cohesive system of organized and aligned work activities integrates 10 years of team efforts and provides guidance for future research. JF - Environmental Health Perspectives AU - Lawson, C C AU - Grajewski, B AU - Daston, G P AU - Frazier, L M AU - Lynch, D AU - McDiarmid, M AU - Murono, E AU - Perreault, S D AU - Robbins, WA AU - Ryan, MAK AU - Shelby, M AU - Whelan, E A AD - NIOSH, 4676 Columbia Pkwy., R-15, Cincinnati, OH 45226-1998, USA, clawson@cdc.gov Y1 - 2005/03// PY - 2005 DA - Mar 2005 SP - 435 EP - 441 VL - 114 IS - 3 SN - 0091-6765, 0091-6765 KW - nanomaterials KW - Health & Safety Science Abstracts KW - shift work KW - Toxicants KW - biomechanics KW - menopause KW - Reproduction KW - working conditions KW - Occupational exposure KW - Occupational health KW - H 1000:Occupational Safety and Health UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/17230693?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Ahealthsafetyabstracts&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Environmental+Health+Perspectives&rft.atitle=Workgroup+Report%3A+Implementing+a+National+Occupational+Reproductive+Research+Agenda+-+Decade+One+and+Beyond&rft.au=Lawson%2C+C+C%3BGrajewski%2C+B%3BDaston%2C+G+P%3BFrazier%2C+L+M%3BLynch%2C+D%3BMcDiarmid%2C+M%3BMurono%2C+E%3BPerreault%2C+S+D%3BRobbins%2C+WA%3BRyan%2C+MAK%3BShelby%2C+M%3BWhelan%2C+E+A&rft.aulast=Lawson&rft.aufirst=C&rft.date=2005-03-01&rft.volume=114&rft.issue=3&rft.spage=435&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Environmental+Health+Perspectives&rft.issn=00916765&rft_id=info:doi/10.1289%2Fehp.8458 LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-07-01 N1 - Last updated - 2015-03-25 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - shift work; Toxicants; biomechanics; menopause; Reproduction; Occupational exposure; working conditions; Occupational health DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1289/ehp.8458 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Characterization of Respiratory Exposures at a Microwave Popcorn Plant with Cases of Bronchiolitis Obliterans AN - 16193745; 6220414 AB - Eight former workers from a microwave popcorn packaging plant were reported to have severe obstructive lung disease consistent with bronchiolitis obliterans. Investigations into respiratory exposures at this plant were done during August through November of 2000. Samples were collected to assess airborne particulate concentrations, particle size distributions, endotoxins, oxides of nitrogen, organic gases and vapors, and other analytes. Bulk corn and flavoring components were also analyzed for endotoxins and culturable bacteria and fungi. Workers in the microwave production areas of the plant were exposed to particulates and a range of organic vapors from flavorings. The particles were comprised largely of salt and oil/grease particles. Respirable dust concentrations (area plus personal) in the microwave mixer job category, the highest job exposure category in the plant, ranged from 0.13 milligrams per cubic meter of air (mg/m super(3)) to a high of 0.77 mg/m super(3). Endotoxin concentrations were below 60 endotoxin units per cubic meter of air (EU/m super(3)). Qualitative sampling for volatile organic compounds (VOCs) in the air detected over 100 different VOCs in the microwave area. The predominant compounds identified in the microwave mixing room included the ketones diacetyl, methyl ethyl ketone, acetoin, and 2-nonanone, and acetic acid. Diacetyl, the predominant ketone in the plant, was present in concentrations ranging from below detectable limits to 98 parts per million parts air by volume (ppm), with a mean of 8.1 ppm (standard deviation 18.5 ppm). The average ketone concentrations were highest in the microwave mixing room where the 10 area samples had a mean diacetyl concentration of 37.8 ppm (SD 27.6 ppm) and a mean acetoin concentration of 3.9 ppm (SD 4.3 ppm). These data show that workers involved in microwave popcorn packaging can be exposed to a complex mixture of VOCs from flavoring ingredients; animal studies show that diacetyl can cause airway epithelial injury, although the contributions of other specific compound(s) associated with obstructive respiratory disease in these workers is still unresolved. JF - Journal of Occupational and Environmental Hygiene AU - Kullman, G AU - Boylstein, R AU - Jones, W AU - Piacitelli, C AU - Pendergrass, S AU - Kreiss, K AD - NIOSH, 1095 Willowdale Rd., Morgantown, WV 26505, USA, gjk1@cdc.gov Y1 - 2005/03// PY - 2005 DA - Mar 2005 SP - 169 EP - 178 VL - 2 IS - 3 SN - 1545-9624, 1545-9624 KW - bronchiolitis obliterans KW - microwave popcorn KW - Microbiology Abstracts C: Algology, Mycology & Protozoology; Risk Abstracts; Pollution Abstracts; Health & Safety Science Abstracts; Toxicology Abstracts KW - Injuries KW - Respiratory diseases KW - Oil KW - Workers KW - Vapors KW - Airborne particulates KW - Respiratory tract KW - Packaging KW - Environmental hygiene KW - Plant diseases KW - Acetoin KW - Fungi KW - Diacetyl KW - Salts KW - Ketones KW - Gases KW - Volatile organic compounds KW - Nitrogen KW - Endotoxins KW - grease KW - Flavorings KW - Particulates KW - Dust KW - oxides KW - Sampling KW - Occupational exposure KW - Particle size KW - Bacteria KW - Data processing KW - Oils KW - Obstructive lung disease KW - Acetic acid KW - Standard deviation KW - Lung KW - volatile organic compounds KW - ketones KW - R2 23080:Industrial and labor KW - X 24240:Miscellaneous KW - H 1000:Occupational Safety and Health KW - P 6000:TOXICOLOGY AND HEALTH KW - K 03420:Plant Diseases UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16193745?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Ariskabstracts&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Occupational+and+Environmental+Hygiene&rft.atitle=Characterization+of+Respiratory+Exposures+at+a+Microwave+Popcorn+Plant+with+Cases+of+Bronchiolitis+Obliterans&rft.au=Kullman%2C+G%3BBoylstein%2C+R%3BJones%2C+W%3BPiacitelli%2C+C%3BPendergrass%2C+S%3BKreiss%2C+K&rft.aulast=Kullman&rft.aufirst=G&rft.date=2005-03-01&rft.volume=2&rft.issue=3&rft.spage=169&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+Occupational+and+Environmental+Hygiene&rft.issn=15459624&rft_id=info:doi/10.1080%2F15459620590923091 LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2005-05-01 N1 - Last updated - 2015-03-24 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Endotoxins; Injuries; grease; Flavorings; Respiratory diseases; Dust; Oil; Workers; Vapors; Airborne particulates; oxides; bronchiolitis obliterans; Sampling; Occupational exposure; Environmental hygiene; Packaging; Respiratory tract; Particle size; Bacteria; Plant diseases; Data processing; Acetoin; Fungi; Oils; Obstructive lung disease; Acetic acid; Diacetyl; Salts; Gases; Standard deviation; Lung; volatile organic compounds; Nitrogen; ketones; Particulates; Ketones; Volatile organic compounds DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/15459620590923091 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Development of a dust collector inlet hood for enhanced surface mine drill dust capture AN - 16192433; 6437636 AB - Surface mine drill operators have the highest frequency of overexposure to quartz dust, and drilling is one of the occupations associated with the highest incidence of silicosis. Previous field assessment studies of drilling machines indicate that they can emit some of the highest airborne respirable quartz dust concentrations found at surface mining operations. Typically, the surface mine drills are equipped with dry dust collector systems to capture the dust being flushed with compressed air from the hole during the drilling process. The overall control effectiveness of the dust collector system is initially dependent on capturing the dust cloud at the source via the collector inlet. To assist the initial capture of the dust being flushed from the drill hole, the bottom of the drill deck is typically shrouded or enclosed on all sides to help contain the dust for the collector inlet plenum located on the underside perimeter of the drill deck. Openings, gaps and breaches in the shroud enclosure permit dust to escape dust collector capture. The National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH) has developed a collector inlet hood that reconfigures the inlet plenum around the drill steel and above the hole to enhance dust capture. Laboratory development and testing show that this inlet hood improves dust capture by an average of nearly 50% over a wide range of collector flows and shroud leakage areas. This report describes the laboratory and subsequent field testing of this inlet hood concept. JF - International Journal of Surface Mining, Reclamation and Environment AU - Organiscak, JA AU - Page, S J AD - Pittsburgh Research Laboratory, Department of Health & Human Services, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, National Institute for Occupational Safety & Health, P.O. Box 18070, Pittsburgh, PA 15236, USA, jdo3@cdc.gov Y1 - 2005/03// PY - 2005 DA - Mar 2005 SP - 12 EP - 28 VL - 19 IS - 1 SN - 1389-5265, 1389-5265 KW - Health & Safety Science Abstracts; Pollution Abstracts KW - Leakage KW - Silicosis KW - Mining KW - Dust collectors KW - Protective equipment KW - Dust KW - Occupational exposure KW - H 1000:Occupational Safety and Health KW - P 6000:TOXICOLOGY AND HEALTH UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16192433?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Apollution&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=International+Journal+of+Surface+Mining%2C+Reclamation+and+Environment&rft.atitle=Development+of+a+dust+collector+inlet+hood+for+enhanced+surface+mine+drill+dust+capture&rft.au=Organiscak%2C+JA%3BPage%2C+S+J&rft.aulast=Organiscak&rft.aufirst=JA&rft.date=2005-03-01&rft.volume=19&rft.issue=1&rft.spage=12&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=International+Journal+of+Surface+Mining%2C+Reclamation+and+Environment&rft.issn=13895265&rft_id=info:doi/10.1080%2F13895260412331314248 LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2005-09-01 N1 - Last updated - 2015-03-24 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Leakage; Silicosis; Mining; Protective equipment; Dust collectors; Occupational exposure; Dust DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/13895260412331314248 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Hypothermia-related deaths--United States, 2003-2004. AN - 67456698; 15729219 AB - Hypothermia, a reduction in the body's core temperature to <95.0 degrees F (<35.0 degrees C), is a preventable medical emergency usually caused by prolonged exposure to cold temperatures without adequate protective clothing. Warning signs and symptoms of hypothermia include lethargy, weakness and loss of coordination, confusion, uncontrollable shivering, and reduced respiratory or heart rate. Common risk factors are advanced age, substance abuse, altered mental status, and increased contact with substances that promote heat loss, such as water. This report describes three hypothermia-related deaths that occurred in the United States during 2003-2004, summarizes hypothermia-related mortality during 1979-2002, describes risk factors for and symptoms of hypothermia, and reviews measures to prevent hypothermia-related injury and death. Public health strategies tailored to persons at increased risk for exposure to excessive cold might help reduce hypothermia-related morbidity and mortality. JF - MMWR. Morbidity and mortality weekly report AU - Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) AD - Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) Y1 - 2005/02/25/ PY - 2005 DA - 2005 Feb 25 SP - 173 EP - 175 VL - 54 IS - 7 KW - Index Medicus KW - Humans KW - Alcoholic Intoxication KW - Aged KW - Dementia KW - Adolescent KW - United States -- epidemiology KW - Marijuana Abuse KW - Male KW - Hypothermia -- mortality UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/67456698?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=MMWR.+Morbidity+and+mortality+weekly+report&rft.atitle=Hypothermia-related+deaths--United+States%2C+2003-2004.&rft.au=Centers+for+Disease+Control+and+Prevention+%28CDC%29&rft.aulast=Centers+for+Disease+Control+and+Prevention+%28CDC%29&rft.aufirst=&rft.date=2005-02-25&rft.volume=54&rft.issue=7&rft.spage=173&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=MMWR.+Morbidity+and+mortality+weekly+report&rft.issn=1545-861X&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 2005-02-28 N1 - Date created - 2005-02-24 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Tularemia transmitted by insect bites--Wyoming, 2001-2003. AN - 67454609; 15729218 AB - Tularemia is a zoonotic disease caused by Francisella tularensis, a fastidious, gram-negative coccobacillus that infects vertebrates, especially rabbits and rodents. In humans, tularemia is classified into six major syndromes: ulceroglandular (the most common form), glandular, typhoidal, oculoglandular, oropharyngeal, and pneumonic. The case-fatality rate among humans can reach 30%-60% in untreated typhoidal cases. Although bites from ticks and handling infected animals are considered the most common modes of tularemia transmission in the United States, the disease also is spread through ingestion of contaminated food or water, inhalation, and insect bites. During 2001-2003, Wyoming experienced an increase in reported human cases of tularemia. This report describes the subsequent investigation by the Wyoming Department of Health (WDH), which indicated that 1) insect bites (particularly from deerflies and other horseflies) were the most commonly reported likely mode of transmission, and 2) the increase in cases was geographically and temporally associated with an outbreak of tularemia among rabbits in southwestern Wyoming. To obtain a timely diagnosis and provide information on appropriate preventive measures, health-care providers and public health officials should have knowledge of the local epidemiology of tularemia, particularly regarding modes of transmission and resultant clinical syndromes. JF - MMWR. Morbidity and mortality weekly report AU - Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) AD - Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) Y1 - 2005/02/25/ PY - 2005 DA - 2005 Feb 25 SP - 170 EP - 173 VL - 54 IS - 7 KW - Index Medicus KW - Animals KW - Francisella tularensis -- isolation & purification KW - Humans KW - Aged KW - Wyoming -- epidemiology KW - Child KW - Child, Preschool KW - Infant KW - Rabbits -- microbiology KW - Adult KW - Middle Aged KW - Adolescent KW - Zoonoses -- epidemiology KW - Female KW - Male KW - Zoonoses -- transmission KW - Insect Bites and Stings -- complications KW - Tularemia -- epidemiology KW - Tularemia -- transmission UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/67454609?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=MMWR.+Morbidity+and+mortality+weekly+report&rft.atitle=Tularemia+transmitted+by+insect+bites--Wyoming%2C+2001-2003.&rft.au=Centers+for+Disease+Control+and+Prevention+%28CDC%29&rft.aulast=Centers+for+Disease+Control+and+Prevention+%28CDC%29&rft.aufirst=&rft.date=2005-02-25&rft.volume=54&rft.issue=7&rft.spage=170&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=MMWR.+Morbidity+and+mortality+weekly+report&rft.issn=1545-861X&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 2005-02-28 N1 - Date created - 2005-02-24 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Frequency of HIV-1 dual subtype infections, including intersubtype superinfections, among injection drug users in Bangkok, Thailand. AN - 67440454; 15718841 AB - To estimate the frequency and incidence of dual HIV-1 subtype infections, including superinfections, among recent seroconvertors from a cohort of injection drug users (IDUs). A total of 1209 HIV-negative IDUs were followed in a prospective cohort study at 15 methadone clinics in Bangkok, Thailand. After 2308 person-years (PY) of follow-up, 133 seroconverted to HIV-1, of which approximately 20% were subtype B and 80% were CRF01_AE (formerly called subtype E). Specimens from 126 individuals were available at time of first seropositive test and specimens from 80 of these 126 individuals were also available more than 12 months later. For each infected participant, we calculated the amount of time to superinfection, loss to follow-up, or to the closest visit more than 12 months after the time of initial seropositivity. Of all 126 seroconverters seen at the time of the first seropositive test result, there was no apparent case of concurrent dual subtype infection detected despite 2301 PY of observation. Overall, the incidence of superinfection was 2.2 per 100 PY [95% confidence interval (CI), 0.3-7.8]. The 1-year incidence of CRF01_AE superinfection following subtype B primary infection was 3.9 per 100 PY (95% CI, 0.1-21.9) and the incidence of subtype B superinfection following CRF01_AE primary infection was 1.5 per 100 PY (95% CI, 0.04-8.3). Determination of the frequency and incidence of dual HIV-1 subtype infection demonstrates that HIV-1 superinfection is not uncommon in a population with high HIV-1 incidence with more than one circulating strain. JF - AIDS (London, England) AU - Hu, Dale J AU - Subbarao, Shambavi AU - Vanichseni, Suphak AU - Mock, Philip A AU - Ramos, Artur AU - Nguyen, Lily AU - Chaowanachan, Thanyanan AU - Griensven, Frits van AU - Choopanya, Kachit AU - Mastro, Timothy D AU - Tappero, Jordan W AD - Mailstop A-12, National Center for HIV, STD, and TB Prevention (NCHSTP), CDC, 1600 Clifton Road, NE, Atlanta, GA 30330, USA. djh9@cdc.gov Y1 - 2005/02/18/ PY - 2005 DA - 2005 Feb 18 SP - 303 EP - 308 VL - 19 IS - 3 SN - 0269-9370, 0269-9370 KW - Index Medicus KW - AIDS/HIV KW - Prospective Studies KW - Humans KW - Incidence KW - Thailand -- epidemiology KW - Follow-Up Studies KW - HIV Seropositivity -- virology KW - HIV-1 -- immunology KW - HIV Infections -- virology KW - HIV Infections -- transmission KW - Superinfection -- epidemiology KW - HIV-1 -- isolation & purification KW - Superinfection -- virology KW - Substance Abuse, Intravenous -- complications KW - HIV Infections -- epidemiology KW - HIV-1 -- classification UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/67440454?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=AIDS+%28London%2C+England%29&rft.atitle=Frequency+of+HIV-1+dual+subtype+infections%2C+including+intersubtype+superinfections%2C+among+injection+drug+users+in+Bangkok%2C+Thailand.&rft.au=Hu%2C+Dale+J%3BSubbarao%2C+Shambavi%3BVanichseni%2C+Suphak%3BMock%2C+Philip+A%3BRamos%2C+Artur%3BNguyen%2C+Lily%3BChaowanachan%2C+Thanyanan%3BGriensven%2C+Frits+van%3BChoopanya%2C+Kachit%3BMastro%2C+Timothy+D%3BTappero%2C+Jordan+W&rft.aulast=Hu&rft.aufirst=Dale&rft.date=2005-02-18&rft.volume=19&rft.issue=3&rft.spage=303&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=AIDS+%28London%2C+England%29&rft.issn=02699370&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 2005-06-09 N1 - Date created - 2005-02-18 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Measuring exposure to an elemental mercury spill--Dakota County, Minnesota, 2004. AN - 67436176; 15716806 AB - Elemental mercury spills can cause contamination of neighborhoods and homes and result in neurologic and kidney disorders in exposed persons who inhale mercury vapors. Often, however, difficulties exist in determining the magnitude of exposure and effectiveness of decontamination or in recognizing that reexposure has occurred. This report summarizes the response to an elemental mercury exposure that resulted in the decontamination of 48 persons and the subsequent analysis of blood and urine samples from 14 exposed youths aged 6-16 years. Data from these analyses suggest that 1) blood samples are more sufficiently acquired and can be used to evaluate recent acute exposure and 2) use of a real-time mercury vapor analyzer can help public health officials determine the magnitude of exposures and help prevent reexposures. In addition, demolition and waste-disposal firms and government agencies must take actions to ensure that elemental mercury is adequately secured before disposal. JF - MMWR. Morbidity and mortality weekly report AU - Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) AD - Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) Y1 - 2005/02/18/ PY - 2005 DA - 2005 Feb 18 SP - 146 EP - 149 VL - 54 IS - 6 KW - Hazardous Waste KW - 0 KW - Mercury KW - FXS1BY2PGL KW - Index Medicus KW - Humans KW - Child KW - Adolescent KW - Minnesota -- epidemiology KW - Environmental Exposure KW - Mercury Poisoning -- diagnosis KW - Mercury Poisoning -- epidemiology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/67436176?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=MMWR.+Morbidity+and+mortality+weekly+report&rft.atitle=Measuring+exposure+to+an+elemental+mercury+spill--Dakota+County%2C+Minnesota%2C+2004.&rft.au=Centers+for+Disease+Control+and+Prevention+%28CDC%29&rft.aulast=Centers+for+Disease+Control+and+Prevention+%28CDC%29&rft.aufirst=&rft.date=2005-02-18&rft.volume=54&rft.issue=6&rft.spage=146&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=MMWR.+Morbidity+and+mortality+weekly+report&rft.issn=1545-861X&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 2005-02-18 N1 - Date created - 2005-02-17 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Uncertainties associated with incidence estimates of HIV/AIDS diagnoses adjusted for reporting delay and risk redistribution. AN - 67394085; 15532097 AB - Reporting delay occurs frequently in the case surveillance of a disease such as HIV/AIDS. To evaluate the current trend of incidence, it is important to consider incidence estimates adjusted for reporting delays and the uncertainty associated with this adjustment. For a surveillance system in which cases are reported monthly, there is no straightforward method for constructing the confidence interval estimators for annual incidence or incidence for a period longer than a month. This is because the monthly incidence estimators are not independent and the correlations among them are not available. Furthermore, to estimate the incidence for a specific risk, or exposure, group (e.g. men who have sex with men), we also have to consider the uncertainty associated with the counts from cases reported without an identified risk. Cases with no reported risk are assigned proportionally to each risk group on the basis of experience with cases reported initially with no reported risk but reported later with an identified risk. In this article, we introduce a method for combining the uncertainties associated with both reporting delay and risk redistribution. An estimator for the covariance between two incidence estimators is also provided so that we can make pairwise comparisons and discover any significant changes in incidence over time. Results are applied to evaluating the current trends in AIDS incidence among men who have sex with men in the United States. Published in 2004 by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. JF - Statistics in medicine AU - Song, Ruiguang AU - Hall, H Irene AU - Frey, Robert AD - Division of HIV/AIDS Prevention, National Center for HIV, STD, and TB Prevention, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA 30333, USA. rsong@cdc.gov Y1 - 2005/02/15/ PY - 2005 DA - 2005 Feb 15 SP - 453 EP - 464 VL - 24 IS - 3 SN - 0277-6715, 0277-6715 KW - Index Medicus KW - Homosexuality, Male KW - Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (U.S.) KW - Risk Factors KW - Humans KW - Incidence KW - United States -- epidemiology KW - Male KW - Female KW - Substance Abuse, Intravenous KW - Disease Notification -- standards KW - Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome -- epidemiology KW - Population Surveillance -- methods KW - Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome -- diagnosis UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/67394085?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Statistics+in+medicine&rft.atitle=Uncertainties+associated+with+incidence+estimates+of+HIV%2FAIDS+diagnoses+adjusted+for+reporting+delay+and+risk+redistribution.&rft.au=Song%2C+Ruiguang%3BHall%2C+H+Irene%3BFrey%2C+Robert&rft.aulast=Song&rft.aufirst=Ruiguang&rft.date=2005-02-15&rft.volume=24&rft.issue=3&rft.spage=453&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Statistics+in+medicine&rft.issn=02776715&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 2005-05-05 N1 - Date created - 2005-01-31 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Measurement of the release of inflammatory mediators from rat alveolar macrophages and alveolar type II cells following lipopolysaccharide or silica exposure: A comparative study AN - 17762042; 6134586 AB - Evidence suggests that hyperproduction of reactive oxidants and inflammatory mediators plays a critical role in adverse pulmonary responses to silica or lipopolysaccharide (LPS). The objective of this study was to evaluate the role of alveolar macrophages (AM) and alveolar epithelial type II cells (TII) in the induction of pulmonary inflammation and injury in response to these pulmonary toxicants. To support this objective, the release of several inflammatory mediators from primary rat AMs and TII cells was compared under similar culture and exposure conditions. The responsiveness of RLE-6TN, a rat type II cell line, was also compared to primary rat TII cells under the same culture conditions, following exposure to LPS or silica. The following findings were made. (1) Although AMs were generally found to release more inflammatory mediators than TII cells following LPS or silica exposure, primary TII cells clearly produced significant levels of mediators that could be capable of contributing considerably to lung inflammation and injury. (2) Since the responses of the RLE-6TN cell line to LPS or silica exposure were generally considerably less intense and required higher concentrations of stimulant than those measured in primary rat TII cells, RLE-6TN cells may not be an ideal substitute for primary TII cells in studying pulmonary inflammation. (3) LPS was more potent than silica in inducing inflammatory cytokine release from the three cell types. However, compared to LPS, silica exhibited equal or greater potency as an inducer of cellular oxidant generation, especially from primary TII cells. JF - Journal of Toxicology and Environmental Health, Part A: Current Issues AU - Kanj, R S AU - Kang, J L AU - Castranova, V AD - NIOSH, 1095 Willowdale Road, M/S 2015, Morgantown, WV 26505, USA, vicl@cdc.gov Y1 - 2005/02/13/ PY - 2005 DA - 2005 Feb 13 SP - 185 EP - 207 VL - 68 IS - 3 SN - 1528-7394, 1528-7394 KW - Toxicology Abstracts KW - Macrophages KW - Silica KW - Toxicants KW - Lung KW - Lipopolysaccharides KW - Cytokines KW - Cell culture KW - Stimulants KW - Alveoli KW - Oxidants KW - Inflammation KW - X 24240:Miscellaneous UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/17762042?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxicologyabstracts&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Toxicology+and+Environmental+Health%2C+Part+A%3A+Current+Issues&rft.atitle=Measurement+of+the+release+of+inflammatory+mediators+from+rat+alveolar+macrophages+and+alveolar+type+II+cells+following+lipopolysaccharide+or+silica+exposure%3A+A+comparative+study&rft.au=Kanj%2C+R+S%3BKang%2C+J+L%3BCastranova%2C+V&rft.aulast=Kanj&rft.aufirst=R&rft.date=2005-02-13&rft.volume=68&rft.issue=3&rft.spage=185&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+Toxicology+and+Environmental+Health%2C+Part+A%3A+Current+Issues&rft.issn=15287394&rft_id=info:doi/10.1080%2F15287390590890509 LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2010-05-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-14 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Macrophages; Silica; Toxicants; Lung; Cytokines; Lipopolysaccharides; Stimulants; Cell culture; Oxidants; Alveoli; Inflammation DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/15287390590890509 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Cdc42 regulates arsenic-induced NADPH oxidase activation and cell migration through actin filament reorganization. AN - 67407591; 15492012 AB - Although arsenic is a human carcinogen, the molecular mechanisms of its action remain to be understood. The present study reports that exposure to arsenic induced actin filament reorganization, resulting in lamellipodia and filopodia structures through the activation of Cdc42 in SVEC4-10 endothelial cells. It was also found that arsenic induced the formation of the superoxide anion (O2*) in SVEC4-10 cells. Immunoprecipitation and Western blotting analysis demonstrated that arsenic stimulation induced serine phosphorylation of p47phox, a key component of NADPH oxidase, indicating that arsenic induces O2* formation through NADPH oxidase activation. Inhibition of arsenic-induced actin filament reorganization by either overexpression of a dominant negative Cdc42 or pretreatment of an actin filament stabilizing regent, jasplakinolide, abrogated arsenic-induced NADPH oxidase activation, showing that the activation of NADPH oxidase was regulated by Cdc42-mediated actin filament reorganization. This study also showed that overexpression of a dominant negative Rac1 was sufficient to abolish arsenic-induced O2*- production, implying that Rac1 activities are required for Cdc42-mediated NADPH oxidase activation in response to arsenic stimulation. Furthermore, arsenic stimulation induced cell migration, which can be inhibited by the inactivation of either Cdc42 or NADPH oxidase. Taken together, the results indicate that arsenic is able to activate NADPH oxidase through Cdc42-mediated actin filament reorganization, leading to the induction of an increase in cell migration in SVEC4-10 endothelial cells. JF - The Journal of biological chemistry AU - Qian, Yong AU - Liu, Ke Jian AU - Chen, Yan AU - Flynn, Daniel C AU - Castranova, Vince AU - Shi, Xianglin AD - Pathology and Physiology Research Branch, Health Effects Laboratory Division, National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, Morgantown, West Virginia 26505, USA. YAQ2@CDC.GOV Y1 - 2005/02/04/ PY - 2005 DA - 2005 Feb 04 SP - 3875 EP - 3884 VL - 280 IS - 5 SN - 0021-9258, 0021-9258 KW - NADPH Oxidase KW - EC 1.6.3.1 KW - cdc42 GTP-Binding Protein KW - EC 3.6.5.2 KW - rac1 GTP-Binding Protein KW - Arsenic KW - N712M78A8G KW - Index Medicus KW - Animals KW - Pseudopodia -- drug effects KW - Pseudopodia -- physiology KW - Enzyme Activation -- drug effects KW - rac1 GTP-Binding Protein -- metabolism KW - Enzyme Activation -- physiology KW - Mice KW - Cell Line, Transformed KW - NADPH Oxidase -- metabolism KW - cdc42 GTP-Binding Protein -- metabolism KW - Cell Movement -- physiology KW - Actin Cytoskeleton -- metabolism KW - Arsenic -- pharmacology KW - Cell Movement -- drug effects UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/67407591?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Journal+of+biological+chemistry&rft.atitle=Cdc42+regulates+arsenic-induced+NADPH+oxidase+activation+and+cell+migration+through+actin+filament+reorganization.&rft.au=Qian%2C+Yong%3BLiu%2C+Ke+Jian%3BChen%2C+Yan%3BFlynn%2C+Daniel+C%3BCastranova%2C+Vince%3BShi%2C+Xianglin&rft.aulast=Qian&rft.aufirst=Yong&rft.date=2005-02-04&rft.volume=280&rft.issue=5&rft.spage=3875&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=The+Journal+of+biological+chemistry&rft.issn=00219258&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 2005-03-22 N1 - Date created - 2005-02-07 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - A Clone of Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus among Professional Football Players AN - 17881172; 6200034 AB - Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) is an emerging cause of infections outside of health care settings. We investigated an outbreak of abscesses due to MRSA among members of a professional football team and examined the transmission and microbiologic characteristics of the outbreak strain. We conducted a retrospective cohort study and nasal-swab survey of 84 St. Louis Rams football players and staff members. S. aureus recovered from wound, nasal, and environmental cultures was analyzed by means of pulsed-field gel electrophoresis (PFGE) and typing for resistance and toxin genes. MRSA from the team was compared with other community isolates and hospital isolates. During the 2003 football season, eight MRSA infections occurred among 5 of the 58 Rams players (9 percent); all of the infections developed at turf-abrasion sites. MRSA infection was significantly associated with the lineman or linebacker position and a higher body-mass index. No MRSA was found in nasal or environmental samples; however, methicillin-susceptible S. aureus was recovered from whirlpools and taping gel and from 35 of the 84 nasal swabs from players and staff members (42 percent). MRSA from a competing football team and from other community clusters and sporadic cases had PFGE patterns that were indistinguishable from those of the Rams' MRSA; all carried the gene for Panton-Valentine leukocidin and the gene complex for staphylococcal-casette-chromosome mec type IVa resistance (clone USA300-0114). We describe a highly conserved, community-associated MRSA clone that caused abscesses among professional football players and that was indistinguishable from isolates from various other regions of the United States. JF - New England Journal of Medicine AU - Kazakova, S V AU - Hageman, J C AU - Matava, M AU - Srinivasan, A AU - Phelan, L AU - Garfinkel, B AU - Boo, T AU - McAllister, S AU - Anderson, J AU - Jensen, B AU - Dodson, D AU - Lonsway, D AU - McDougal, L K AU - Arduino, M AD - Epidemic Intelligence Service, Division of Healthcare Quality Promotion, National Center for Infectious Diseases, CDC, 1600 Clifton Rd, MS A35, Atlanta, GA 30333, USA, srk7@cdc.gov Y1 - 2005/02/03/ PY - 2005 DA - 2005 Feb 03 SP - 468 EP - 475 VL - 352 IS - 5 SN - 0028-4793, 0028-4793 KW - Physical Education Index; Microbiology Abstracts B: Bacteriology KW - Health (care) KW - leukocidin KW - Body mass KW - Whirlpools KW - Sports KW - Infection KW - Disease transmission KW - Methicillin KW - Surfaces KW - Staphylococcus aureus KW - Antibiotic resistance KW - Surveys KW - Football (American) KW - Abscesses KW - Toxins KW - Professional sports KW - Wounds KW - Typing KW - Analysis KW - Pulsed-field gel electrophoresis KW - Hospitals KW - Athletes KW - J 02795:Antibiotic resistance KW - PE 030:Exercise, Health & Physical Fitness UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/17881172?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologyb&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=New+England+Journal+of+Medicine&rft.atitle=A+Clone+of+Methicillin-Resistant+Staphylococcus+aureus+among+Professional+Football+Players&rft.au=Kazakova%2C+S+V%3BHageman%2C+J+C%3BMatava%2C+M%3BSrinivasan%2C+A%3BPhelan%2C+L%3BGarfinkel%2C+B%3BBoo%2C+T%3BMcAllister%2C+S%3BAnderson%2C+J%3BJensen%2C+B%3BDodson%2C+D%3BLonsway%2C+D%3BMcDougal%2C+L+K%3BArduino%2C+M&rft.aulast=Kazakova&rft.aufirst=S&rft.date=2005-02-03&rft.volume=352&rft.issue=5&rft.spage=468&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=New+England+Journal+of+Medicine&rft.issn=00284793&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - Physical Education Index; ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Staphylococcus aureus; Professional sports; Football (American); Athletes; Body mass; Surfaces; Infection; Hospitals; Analysis; Wounds; Health (care); Whirlpools; Surveys; Methicillin; Abscesses; Typing; Toxins; leukocidin; Pulsed-field gel electrophoresis; Disease transmission; Antibiotic resistance; Sports ER - TY - JOUR T1 - A review of interventions to reduce tobacco use in colleges and universities. AN - 67428404; 15710275 AB - Interventions have been designed to reduce the prevalence of smoking in college/university students. This review presents a summary and synthesis of the interventions published in English from 1980 to the present. Seven databases were searched for relevant published articles, and reference lists were examined for additional published studies. The studies were categorized as (1) individual approaches, such as on-campus cessation programs, and (2) institutional approaches, such as smoke-free policies. The studies were categorized by type of institution and geographic location, study design, sample demographics, and outcomes. Fourteen studies were identified; only five received a "satisfactory" rating based on evaluation criteria. Most studies were based on convenience samples, and were conducted in 4-year institutions. Seven studies used comparison groups, and three were multi-institutional. Individual approaches included educational group sessions and/or individual counseling that were conducted on campus mostly by healthcare personnel. None used nicotine replacement or other medications for cessation. The quit rates for both smokeless tobacco and cigarette users varied, depending on definitions and duration of follow-up contact. Institutional interventions focused mainly on campus smoking restrictions, smoke-free policies, antitobacco messages, and cigarette pricing. Results indicated that interventions can have a positive influence on student behavior, specifically by reducing tobacco use (i.e., prevalence of cigarette smoking and use of smokeless products, amount smoked) among college students, and increasing acceptability of smoking policies and campus restrictions among both tobacco users and nonusers. While some promising results have been noted, rigorous evaluations of a wider range of programs are needed, along with studies that address cultural and ethnic diversity on campuses. JF - American journal of preventive medicine AU - Murphy-Hoefer, Rebecca AU - Griffith, Reba AU - Pederson, Linda L AU - Crossett, Linda AU - Iyer, Shanthalaxmi R AU - Hiller, Marc D AD - Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Office on Smoking and Health, and Division of Adolescent and School Health, Atlanta, GA 30341, USA. zfg1@cdc.gov Y1 - 2005/02// PY - 2005 DA - February 2005 SP - 188 EP - 200 VL - 28 IS - 2 SN - 0749-3797, 0749-3797 KW - Index Medicus KW - Switzerland -- epidemiology KW - Humans KW - Germany -- epidemiology KW - Adult KW - Health Knowledge, Attitudes, Practice KW - Smoking -- prevention & control KW - Adolescent KW - United States -- epidemiology KW - Smoking -- epidemiology KW - Male KW - Female KW - Tobacco, Smokeless KW - Student Health Services -- statistics & numerical data KW - Tobacco Use Disorder -- epidemiology KW - Tobacco Use Cessation -- statistics & numerical data KW - Tobacco Use Disorder -- prevention & control UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/67428404?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=American+journal+of+preventive+medicine&rft.atitle=A+review+of+interventions+to+reduce+tobacco+use+in+colleges+and+universities.&rft.au=Murphy-Hoefer%2C+Rebecca%3BGriffith%2C+Reba%3BPederson%2C+Linda+L%3BCrossett%2C+Linda%3BIyer%2C+Shanthalaxmi+R%3BHiller%2C+Marc+D&rft.aulast=Murphy-Hoefer&rft.aufirst=Rebecca&rft.date=2005-02-01&rft.volume=28&rft.issue=2&rft.spage=188&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=American+journal+of+preventive+medicine&rft.issn=07493797&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 2005-06-29 N1 - Date created - 2005-02-15 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Emergency department visits for outpatient adverse drug events: demonstration for a national surveillance system. AN - 67374483; 15671977 AB - This project demonstrates the operational feasibility and epidemiologic usefulness of modifying a national injury surveillance system for active surveillance of outpatient adverse drug events treated in hospital emergency departments (EDs). Coders were trained to identify and report physician-documented adverse drug events in 9 of 64 National Electronic Injury Surveillance System-All Injury Program hospital EDs (occurring July 17, 2002, to September 30, 2002). Feasibility was measured by timeliness and completeness of adverse drug event reporting. Outcomes (ED discharge disposition and injury type) and associated variables (age, sex, drug category, and adverse drug event mechanism) were measured. There were 598 patients with physician-documented adverse drug events (7 per 1,000 visits). Nearly 70% of adverse drug event cases were reported within 7 days of the ED visit; key data elements (drug name, disposition from ED, and event description) were completed for more than 98% of cases. Nine percent of patients with adverse drug events were hospitalized, and unintentional overdoses was the most common mechanism of adverse drug events (39%). Patients with unintentional overdoses were more likely to be hospitalized than those with adverse drug reactions (adjusted odds ratio [OR] 5.9, 95% confidence interval [CI] 2.2 to 16; adverse-effects referent; allergic reactions, adjusted OR 0.7, 95% CI 0.2 to 2.4). Warfarin and insulins were associated with 16% of adverse drug events overall and 33% of adverse drug events in patients aged 50 years or older. Active surveillance for outpatient adverse drug events using the National Electronic Injury Surveillance System-All Injury Program is feasible. Ongoing, population-based ED surveillance can help characterize the burden of outpatient adverse drug events, prioritize areas for further research and intervention, and monitor progress on adverse drug event prevention. JF - Annals of emergency medicine AU - Budnitz, Daniel S AU - Pollock, Daniel A AU - Mendelsohn, Aaron B AU - Weidenbach, Kelly N AU - McDonald, Arthur K AU - Annest, Joseph L AD - Epidemic Intelligence Service, Division of Applied Public Health Training, Epidemiology Program, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA 30341, USA. dbudnitz@cdc.gov Y1 - 2005/02// PY - 2005 DA - February 2005 SP - 197 EP - 206 VL - 45 IS - 2 KW - Abridged Index Medicus KW - Index Medicus KW - Humans KW - Aged KW - Child KW - Drug Overdose -- epidemiology KW - Ambulatory Care KW - Child, Preschool KW - Infant KW - Feasibility Studies KW - Aged, 80 and over KW - Adult KW - Middle Aged KW - Adolescent KW - United States -- epidemiology KW - Male KW - Female KW - Drug-Related Side Effects and Adverse Reactions KW - Emergency Service, Hospital -- utilization KW - Population Surveillance -- methods UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/67374483?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Annals+of+emergency+medicine&rft.atitle=Emergency+department+visits+for+outpatient+adverse+drug+events%3A+demonstration+for+a+national+surveillance+system.&rft.au=Budnitz%2C+Daniel+S%3BPollock%2C+Daniel+A%3BMendelsohn%2C+Aaron+B%3BWeidenbach%2C+Kelly+N%3BMcDonald%2C+Arthur+K%3BAnnest%2C+Joseph+L&rft.aulast=Budnitz&rft.aufirst=Daniel&rft.date=2005-02-01&rft.volume=45&rft.issue=2&rft.spage=197&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Annals+of+emergency+medicine&rft.issn=1097-6760&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 2005-03-03 N1 - Date created - 2005-01-26 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - The Effectiveness of Therapeutic Foster Care for the Prevention of Violence: A Systematic Review AN - 61378520; 200602288 AB - The Task Force on Community Preventive Services conducted a systematic review of scientific evidence on diverse interventions for the prevention of violence, including the use of therapeutic foster care. Its findings led the task force to recommend therapeutic foster care to reduce violence among adolescents with chronic delinquency. Researchers have found substantial reduction in acts of violence in adolescents after being in therapeutic foster care. This strategy is likely to help the adolescents themselves as well as to serve the public good, since violence by juveniles is a substantial problem in the United States. Therapeutic foster care may also be useful for younger children, but this possibility requires more research to assess the effectiveness of therapeutic foster care on pre-adolescents. Tables, Figures, Appendixes, References. D. Knaff JF - American Journal of Preventive Medicine AU - Hahn, Robert A AU - Bilukha, Oleg AU - Lowy, Jessica AU - Crosby, Alex AU - Fullilove, Mindy T AU - Liberman, Akiva AU - Moscicki, Eve AU - Snyder, Susan AU - Tuma, Farris AU - Corso, Phaedra AU - Schofield, Amanda AU - Task Force Community Preventive Services AD - Centers Disease Control & Prevention, Atlanta, GA Rhahn@cdc.gov Y1 - 2005/02// PY - 2005 DA - February 2005 SP - 72 EP - 92 PB - Elsevier Science, New York NY VL - 28 SN - 0749-3797, 0749-3797 KW - Prevention KW - Child Welfare Services KW - Delinquency Prevention KW - Intervention KW - Foster Care KW - Violence KW - Adolescents KW - article KW - 6143: child & family welfare UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/61378520?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Asocialservices&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=American+Journal+of+Preventive+Medicine&rft.atitle=The+Effectiveness+of+Therapeutic+Foster+Care+for+the+Prevention+of+Violence%3A+A+Systematic+Review&rft.au=Hahn%2C+Robert+A%3BBilukha%2C+Oleg%3BLowy%2C+Jessica%3BCrosby%2C+Alex%3BFullilove%2C+Mindy+T%3BLiberman%2C+Akiva%3BMoscicki%2C+Eve%3BSnyder%2C+Susan%3BTuma%2C+Farris%3BCorso%2C+Phaedra%3BSchofield%2C+Amanda%3BTask+Force+Community+Preventive+Services&rft.aulast=Hahn&rft.aufirst=Robert&rft.date=2005-02-01&rft.volume=28&rft.issue=&rft.spage=72&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=American+Journal+of+Preventive+Medicine&rft.issn=07493797&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - Social Services Abstracts N1 - Date revised - 2007-05-01 N1 - Number of references - 48 N1 - Last updated - 2016-09-28 N1 - CODEN - AJPMEA N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Intervention; Prevention; Violence; Foster Care; Child Welfare Services; Adolescents; Delinquency Prevention ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Health-related quality of life and health risk behaviors among smokers AN - 19636534; 8790810 AB - Abstract not available. JF - American Journal of Preventive Medicine AU - Strine, Tara W AU - Okoro, Catherine A AU - Chapman, Daniel P AU - Balluz, Lina S AU - Ford, Earl S AU - Ajani, Umed A AU - Mokdad, Ali H AD - Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia, tws2@cdc.gov Y1 - 2005/02// PY - 2005 DA - Feb 2005 SP - 182 EP - 187 PB - Elsevier Science, The Boulevard Langford Lane Kidlington Oxford OX5 1GB UK, [mailto:nlinfo-f@elsevier.nl], [URL:http://www.elsevier.nl] VL - 28 IS - 2 SN - 0749-3797, 0749-3797 KW - Risk Abstracts KW - Behavior KW - quality of life KW - R2 23060:Medical and environmental health UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/19636534?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Ariskabstracts&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=American+Journal+of+Preventive+Medicine&rft.atitle=Health-related+quality+of+life+and+health+risk+behaviors+among+smokers&rft.au=Strine%2C+Tara+W%3BOkoro%2C+Catherine+A%3BChapman%2C+Daniel+P%3BBalluz%2C+Lina+S%3BFord%2C+Earl+S%3BAjani%2C+Umed+A%3BMokdad%2C+Ali+H&rft.aulast=Strine&rft.aufirst=Tara&rft.date=2005-02-01&rft.volume=28&rft.issue=2&rft.spage=182&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=American+Journal+of+Preventive+Medicine&rft.issn=07493797&rft_id=info:doi/10.1016%2Fj.amepre.2004.10.002 LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2009-02-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-14 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - quality of life; Behavior DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.amepre.2004.10.002 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Firearms laws and the reduction of violence A systematic review AN - 19636369; 8790786 AB - Abstract not available. JF - American Journal of Preventive Medicine AU - Hahn, Robert A AU - Bilukha, Oleg AU - Crosby, Alex AU - Fullilove, Mindy T AU - Liberman, Akiva AU - Moscicki, Eve AU - Snyder, Susan AU - Tuma, Farris AU - Briss, Peter A AD - Epidemiology Program Office , Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia, USA, RHahn@cdc.gov Y1 - 2005/02// PY - 2005 DA - Feb 2005 SP - 40 EP - 71 PB - Elsevier Science, The Boulevard Langford Lane Kidlington Oxford OX5 1GB UK, [mailto:nlinfo-f@elsevier.nl], [URL:http://www.elsevier.nl] VL - 28 IS - 2 SN - 0749-3797, 0749-3797 KW - Health & Safety Science Abstracts; Risk Abstracts KW - firearms KW - Violence KW - Reviews KW - R2 23020:Technological risks KW - H 7000:Fire Safety UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/19636369?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Ariskabstracts&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=American+Journal+of+Preventive+Medicine&rft.atitle=Firearms+laws+and+the+reduction+of+violence+A+systematic+review&rft.au=Hahn%2C+Robert+A%3BBilukha%2C+Oleg%3BCrosby%2C+Alex%3BFullilove%2C+Mindy+T%3BLiberman%2C+Akiva%3BMoscicki%2C+Eve%3BSnyder%2C+Susan%3BTuma%2C+Farris%3BBriss%2C+Peter+A&rft.aulast=Hahn&rft.aufirst=Robert&rft.date=2005-02-01&rft.volume=28&rft.issue=2&rft.spage=40&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=American+Journal+of+Preventive+Medicine&rft.issn=07493797&rft_id=info:doi/10.1016%2Fj.amepre.2004.10.005 LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2008-12-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-14 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Reviews; Violence; firearms DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.amepre.2004.10.005 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Research articles: Estimating prenatal syphilis and HIV screening rates for commercially insured women AN - 19562263; 8790809 AB - Abstract not available. JF - American Journal of Preventive Medicine AU - Tao, Guoyu AU - Patterson, Evelyn AU - Lee, Lisa M AU - Sansom, Stephanie AU - Teran, Silvia AU - Irwin, Kathleen L AD - Division of STD Prevention, National Center for HIV, STD, and TB Prevention, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia, USA, gat3@cdc.gov Y1 - 2005/02// PY - 2005 DA - Feb 2005 SP - 175 EP - 181 PB - Elsevier Science, The Boulevard Langford Lane Kidlington Oxford OX5 1GB UK, [mailto:nlinfo-f@elsevier.nl], [URL:http://www.elsevier.nl] VL - 28 IS - 2 SN - 0749-3797, 0749-3797 KW - Microbiology Abstracts B: Bacteriology KW - Human immunodeficiency virus KW - Treponema pallidum KW - Syphilis KW - J 02400:Human Diseases UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/19562263?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologyb&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=American+Journal+of+Preventive+Medicine&rft.atitle=Research+articles%3A+Estimating+prenatal+syphilis+and+HIV+screening+rates+for+commercially+insured+women&rft.au=Tao%2C+Guoyu%3BPatterson%2C+Evelyn%3BLee%2C+Lisa+M%3BSansom%2C+Stephanie%3BTeran%2C+Silvia%3BIrwin%2C+Kathleen+L&rft.aulast=Tao&rft.aufirst=Guoyu&rft.date=2005-02-01&rft.volume=28&rft.issue=2&rft.spage=175&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=American+Journal+of+Preventive+Medicine&rft.issn=07493797&rft_id=info:doi/10.1016%2Fj.amepre.2004.09.001 LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2009-01-01 N1 - Last updated - 2015-03-30 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Syphilis; Human immunodeficiency virus; Treponema pallidum DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.amepre.2004.09.001 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Parental vaccine safety concerns Results from the National Immunization Survey, 2001-2002 AN - 19561965; 8790815 AB - Abstract not available. JF - American Journal of Preventive Medicine AU - Allred, Norma J AU - Shaw, Kate M AU - Santibanez, Tammy A AU - Rickert, Donna L AU - Santoli, Jeanne M AD - National Immunization Program, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia, nallred@cdc.gov Y1 - 2005/02// PY - 2005 DA - Feb 2005 SP - 221 EP - 224 PB - Elsevier Science, The Boulevard Langford Lane Kidlington Oxford OX5 1GB UK, [mailto:nlinfo-f@elsevier.nl], [URL:http://www.elsevier.nl] VL - 28 IS - 2 SN - 0749-3797, 0749-3797 KW - Health & Safety Science Abstracts KW - immunization KW - vaccines UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/19561965?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Ahealthsafetyabstracts&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=American+Journal+of+Preventive+Medicine&rft.atitle=Parental+vaccine+safety+concerns+Results+from+the+National+Immunization+Survey%2C+2001-2002&rft.au=Allred%2C+Norma+J%3BShaw%2C+Kate+M%3BSantibanez%2C+Tammy+A%3BRickert%2C+Donna+L%3BSantoli%2C+Jeanne+M&rft.aulast=Allred&rft.aufirst=Norma&rft.date=2005-02-01&rft.volume=28&rft.issue=2&rft.spage=221&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=American+Journal+of+Preventive+Medicine&rft.issn=07493797&rft_id=info:doi/10.1016%2Fj.amepre.2004.10.014 LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2008-12-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-14 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - vaccines; immunization DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.amepre.2004.10.014 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Research articles: Tuberculosis transmission in nontraditional settings A decision-tree approach AN - 19559091; 8790812 AB - Abstract not available. JF - American Journal of Preventive Medicine AU - Kammerer, J Steve AU - McNabb, Scott J N AU - Becerra, Jose E AU - Rosenblum, Lisa AU - Shang, Nong AU - Iademarco, Michael F AU - Navin, Thomas R AD - Division of Tuberculosis Elimination, National Center for HIV, STD, and TB Prevention, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia, USA, fzk3@cdc.gov Y1 - 2005/02// PY - 2005 DA - Feb 2005 SP - 201 EP - 207 PB - Elsevier Science, The Boulevard Langford Lane Kidlington Oxford OX5 1GB UK, [mailto:nlinfo-f@elsevier.nl], [URL:http://www.elsevier.nl] VL - 28 IS - 2 SN - 0749-3797, 0749-3797 KW - Microbiology Abstracts B: Bacteriology KW - Mycobacterium KW - Tuberculosis KW - J 02490:Miscellaneous UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/19559091?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologyb&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=American+Journal+of+Preventive+Medicine&rft.atitle=Research+articles%3A+Tuberculosis+transmission+in+nontraditional+settings+A+decision-tree+approach&rft.au=Kammerer%2C+J+Steve%3BMcNabb%2C+Scott+J+N%3BBecerra%2C+Jose+E%3BRosenblum%2C+Lisa%3BShang%2C+Nong%3BIademarco%2C+Michael+F%3BNavin%2C+Thomas+R&rft.aulast=Kammerer&rft.aufirst=J&rft.date=2005-02-01&rft.volume=28&rft.issue=2&rft.spage=201&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=American+Journal+of+Preventive+Medicine&rft.issn=07493797&rft_id=info:doi/10.1016%2Fj.amepre.2004.10.011 LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2009-01-01 N1 - Last updated - 2015-03-30 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Tuberculosis; Mycobacterium DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.amepre.2004.10.011 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Development of Molecular Methods to Detect Infectious Viruses in Water AN - 19525694; 8053695 AB - OBJECTIVES: The objectives of this project were to; 1. develop and evaluate sensitive, selective methods for infectious virus capture from water concentrates; 2. develop and evaluate cell culture combined with rapid, sensitive RT-PCR and PCR methods for detection of infectious viruses; 3. develop methods for rapid, sensitive, and specific quantitation of viruses; 4. validate the performance of methods for water sample concentrates containing assay inhibitory substances; 5. validate the ability of methods to distinguish infectious from non-infectious viruses inactivated by disinfectants with different inactivation mechanisms, free chlorine, and low pressure UV radiation; and 6. collect, concentrate, and archive raw and finished water samples for subsequent virus analysis. BACKGROUND: Enteric viruses have been detected in environmental waters and potable water supplies. Water supply safety is evaluated by examination for bacteria that are not accurate surrogates for viruses that pose a public health threat in low levels. Current viral detection methods include standard techniques for in vitro cultivation in cell cultures and newer molecular methods for viral nucleic acid detection. The new methods are rapid and sensitive, but detect only the viral nucleic acid and do not determine infectivity. Methods for the detection of potentially infectious viruses are needed. HIGHLIGHTS: The following are highlights from the project: 1. Methods for detection of ribonucleic acid forms only present in inoculated cells after viral infection were developed and validated for two different types of viruses potentially contaminating water sources-enteroviruses and Adenoviruses. 2. A purified cellular protein necessary for attachment of Coxsackie B viruses to cells was used to capture potentially infectious viruses for detection by RT-PCR. 3. Real-time RT-PCR and PCR assays, complete in 30-90 minutes, were developed for enterovirus, hepatitis A virus, Adenovirus, and Norovirus detection. These assays can be used in conjunction with some of the other developed methods to detect infectious virus. JF - Water Intelligence Online AU - Cromeans, T AU - Narayanan, J AU - Jung, K AU - Ko, G AU - Wait, D AU - Sobsey, M AD - University of North Carolina, 1600 Clifton Road, CDC, MS A-33, Atlanta, GA 30333, USA Y1 - 2005/02// PY - 2005 DA - Feb 2005 VL - 4 KW - Virology & AIDS Abstracts; Aqualine Abstracts; Water Resources Abstracts KW - Disinfection KW - Water Analysis KW - Hepatitis A virus KW - Viruses KW - Water Sampling KW - Chlorine KW - Cell culture KW - Infection KW - Water supplies KW - Public health KW - Disinfectants KW - U.V. radiation KW - Assay KW - Polymerase chain reaction KW - Pressure KW - Quantitation KW - Bacteria KW - Lymphocytes B KW - Adenovirus KW - Norovirus KW - Intelligence KW - Infectivity KW - nucleic acids KW - Enterovirus KW - Coxsackievirus KW - Acids KW - Cultures KW - Drinking water KW - V 22300:Methods KW - SW 3060:Water treatment and distribution KW - AQ 00004:Water Treatment UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/19525694?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aaqualine&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Water+Intelligence+Online&rft.atitle=Development+of+Molecular+Methods+to+Detect+Infectious+Viruses+in+Water&rft.au=Cromeans%2C+T%3BNarayanan%2C+J%3BJung%2C+K%3BKo%2C+G%3BWait%2C+D%3BSobsey%2C+M&rft.aulast=Cromeans&rft.aufirst=T&rft.date=2005-02-01&rft.volume=4&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Water+Intelligence+Online&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2008-03-01 N1 - Last updated - 2015-03-27 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Lymphocytes B; Chlorine; Cell culture; Infection; Water supplies; Public health; Intelligence; Infectivity; Disinfectants; U.V. radiation; nucleic acids; Polymerase chain reaction; Drinking water; Pressure; Quantitation; Disinfection; Bacteria; Water Analysis; Acids; Water Sampling; Viruses; Cultures; Assay; Enterovirus; Coxsackievirus; Hepatitis A virus; Adenovirus; Norovirus ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Capacity building for international tuberculosis control through operations research training AN - 17862991; 6193090 AB - In resource-poor countries, few tuberculosis (TB) program staff at the national, provincial, and even district levels have the basic analytical and epidemiological skills necessary for collecting and analyzing quality data pertaining to national TB control program (NTP) improvements. This includes setting program priorities, operations planning, and implementing and evaluating program activities. To present a model course for building capacity in basic epidemiology and operations research (OR). A combination of didactic lectures and applied field exercises were used to achieve the main objectives of the 6-day OR course. These were to increase the understanding of quantitative and qualitative research concepts, study design, and analytic methods, and to increase awareness of how these methods apply to the epidemiology and control of TB; and to demonstrate the potential uses of OR in answering practical questions on NTP effectiveness. As a final outcome, course participants develop OR proposals that are funded and later implemented. Since 1997, this OR course has been conducted nine times in five countries; 149 key NTP and laboratory staff have been trained in OR methods, and 44 OR protocols have been completed or are underway. This low-cost model course can be adapted to a wide range of public health issues. JF - International Journal of Tuberculosis and Lung Disease AU - Laserson, K F AU - Binkin, N J AU - Thorpe, LE AU - Laing, R AU - Iademarco, M F AU - Bloom, A AU - Agerton, T B AU - Nelson, L AU - Cegielski, J P AU - Ferroussier, O AU - Holtz, T AU - Vitek, E AU - Gammino, V AU - Wells, C D AD - International Research and Programs Branch, Division of TB Elimination, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Mailstop E-10, 1600 Clifton Road, Atlanta, GA 30333, USA, cwells@cdc.gov Y1 - 2005/02// PY - 2005 DA - Feb 2005 SP - 145 EP - 150 VL - 9 IS - 2 SN - 1027-3719, 1027-3719 KW - Microbiology Abstracts B: Bacteriology KW - Data processing KW - Epidemiology KW - Control programs KW - Lung diseases KW - Tuberculosis KW - Models KW - Public health KW - Physical training KW - J 02845:Ear, nose and respiratory tract UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/17862991?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologyb&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=International+Journal+of+Tuberculosis+and+Lung+Disease&rft.atitle=Capacity+building+for+international+tuberculosis+control+through+operations+research+training&rft.au=Laserson%2C+K+F%3BBinkin%2C+N+J%3BThorpe%2C+LE%3BLaing%2C+R%3BIademarco%2C+M+F%3BBloom%2C+A%3BAgerton%2C+T+B%3BNelson%2C+L%3BCegielski%2C+J+P%3BFerroussier%2C+O%3BHoltz%2C+T%3BVitek%2C+E%3BGammino%2C+V%3BWells%2C+C+D&rft.aulast=Laserson&rft.aufirst=K&rft.date=2005-02-01&rft.volume=9&rft.issue=2&rft.spage=145&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=International+Journal+of+Tuberculosis+and+Lung+Disease&rft.issn=10273719&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Last updated - 2015-03-24 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Data processing; Epidemiology; Control programs; Lung diseases; Tuberculosis; Physical training; Public health; Models ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Condom use and perceived risk of HIV transmission among sexually active HIV-positive men who have sex with men AN - 17841648; 6179579 AB - This study examined the association between HIV transmission risk perception and the sexual risk behaviors of HIV-positive men who have sex with men. Respondents rated the degree of risk of transmitting HIV through insertive anal intercourse and insertive oral sex. We examined (a) the perceived level of HIV transmission risk assigned to each sexual behavior and (b) the association between perceived risk for HIV transmission and condom use during insertive anal intercourse and insertive oral sex. We found for behaviors that have achieved less risk consensus that as transmission risk perception increases, so too does the likelihood of condom use. This study highlights the need for more research in understanding how perceived health risk to others influences protective behaviors. JF - AIDS Education and Prevention AU - Belcher, L AU - Sternberg, M R AU - Wolitski, RJ AU - Halkitis, P AU - Hoff, C AD - Prevention Research Branch, Division of HIV/AIDS Prevention, National Center for HIV, STD, and TB Prevention, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, 1600 Clifton Rd., Mailstop E-37, Atlanta, GA 30333, USA, fcb2@cdc.gov Y1 - 2005/02// PY - 2005 DA - Feb 2005 SP - 79 EP - 89 VL - 17 IS - 1 SN - 0899-9546, 0899-9546 KW - HIV KW - Risk Abstracts; Virology & AIDS Abstracts KW - sexual behavior KW - Acquired immune deficiency syndrome KW - Homosexuality KW - Sexual behavior KW - Disease transmission KW - Condoms KW - Risk factors KW - prevention KW - Protective behavior KW - Education KW - Perception KW - Human immunodeficiency virus KW - condoms KW - V 22005:AIDS: Epidemiological aspects KW - R2 23060:Medical and environmental health UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/17841648?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Ariskabstracts&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=AIDS+Education+and+Prevention&rft.atitle=Condom+use+and+perceived+risk+of+HIV+transmission+among+sexually+active+HIV-positive+men+who+have+sex+with+men&rft.au=Belcher%2C+L%3BSternberg%2C+M+R%3BWolitski%2C+RJ%3BHalkitis%2C+P%3BHoff%2C+C&rft.aulast=Belcher&rft.aufirst=L&rft.date=2005-02-01&rft.volume=17&rft.issue=1&rft.spage=79&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=AIDS+Education+and+Prevention&rft.issn=08999546&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Human immunodeficiency virus; Disease transmission; Homosexuality; condoms; Perception; sexual behavior; prevention; Education; Acquired immune deficiency syndrome; Condoms; Protective behavior; Sexual behavior; Risk factors ER - TY - JOUR T1 - A Site-specific Literature Review of Policy and Environmental Interventions that Promote Physical Activity and Nutrition for Cardiovascular Health: What Works? AN - 17830587; 6145804 AB - To review the literature to determine whether policy and environmental interventions can increase people's physical activity or improve their nutrition. The following databases were searched for relevant intervention studies: Medline, Chronic Disease Prevention File, PsychInfo, Health Star, Web of Science, ERIC, the U.S. Department of Transportation, and the U.S. Department of Agriculture. To be included in the review, studies must have (1) addressed policy or environmental interventions to promote physical activity and/or good nutrition; (2) been published from 1970 to October 2003; (3) provided a description of the intervention; and (4) reported behavioral, physiological, or organizational change outcomes. Studies that had inadequate intervention descriptions or that focused on determinants research, individual-level interventions only, the built environment, or media-only campaigns were excluded. We extracted and summarized studies conducted before 1990 (n = 65) and during 1990-2003 (n = 64). Data were synthesized by topic (i.e., physical activity or nutrition), by type of intervention (i.e., point-of-purchase), and by setting (i.e., community, health care facility, school, worksite). Current studies published during 1990-2003 are described in more detail, including setting and location, sample size and characteristics, intervention, evaluation period, findings, and research design. Findings are also categorized by type of intervention to show the strength of the study designs and the associations of policy and environmental interventions with physical activity and nutrition. The results of our review suggest that policy and environmental strategies may promote physical activity and good nutrition. Based on the experimental and quasi-experimental studies in this review, the following interventions provide the strongest evidence for influencing these behaviors: prompts to increase stair use (N = 5); access to places and opportunities for physical activity (N = 6); school-based physical education (PE) with better-trained PE teachers, and increased length of time students are physically active (N = 7); comprehensive work-site approaches, including education, employee and peer support for physical activity, incentives, and access to exercise facilities (N = 5); the availability of nutritious foods (N = 33), point-of-purchase strategies (N = 29); and systematic officer reminders and training of health care providers to provide nutritional counseling (N = 4). Further research is needed to determine the long-term effectiveness of different policy and environmental interventions with various populations and to identify the steps necessary to successfully implement these types of interventions. JF - American Journal of Health Promotion AU - Matson-Koffman, D M AU - Brownstein, J N AU - Neiner, JA AU - Greaney, M L AD - National Center for Chronic Disease Prevention and Health Promotion, 4770 Buford Hwy, NE, Mailstop K-47, Atlanta, GA 30341-3717, USA Y1 - 2005/02// PY - 2005 DA - Feb 2005 SP - 167 EP - 193 VL - 19 IS - 3 SN - 0890-1171, 0890-1171 KW - Physical Education Index KW - Health (care) KW - Facilities KW - Promotion KW - Physiology KW - Strategy KW - Employees KW - Intervention KW - Health KW - Exercise KW - Worksite health promotion KW - Nutrition KW - Physical education KW - Schools KW - Literature reviews KW - Community health KW - Policy KW - Associations KW - Cardiorespiratory KW - Teachers KW - Diet KW - Research KW - PE 030:Exercise, Health & Physical Fitness UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/17830587?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aphysicaleducation&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=American+Journal+of+Health+Promotion&rft.atitle=A+Site-specific+Literature+Review+of+Policy+and+Environmental+Interventions+that+Promote+Physical+Activity+and+Nutrition+for+Cardiovascular+Health%3A+What+Works%3F&rft.au=Matson-Koffman%2C+D+M%3BBrownstein%2C+J+N%3BNeiner%2C+JA%3BGreaney%2C+M+L&rft.aulast=Matson-Koffman&rft.aufirst=D&rft.date=2005-02-01&rft.volume=19&rft.issue=3&rft.spage=167&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=American+Journal+of+Health+Promotion&rft.issn=08901171&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - Physical Education Index N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Intervention; Exercise; Nutrition; Policy; Promotion; Health; Research; Facilities; Literature reviews; Strategy; Teachers; Physical education; Physiology; Community health; Health (care); Diet; Schools; Worksite health promotion; Employees; Associations; Cardiorespiratory ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Urinary Creatinine Concentrations in the U.S. Population: Implications for Urinary Biologic Monitoring Measurements AN - 17817834; 6192544 AB - Biologic monitoring (i.e., biomonitoring) is used to assess human exposures to environmental and workplace chemicals. Urinary biomonitoring data typically are adjusted to a constant creatinine concentration to correct for variable dilutions among spot samples. Traditionally, this approach has been used in population groups without much diversity. The inclusion of multiple demographic groups in studies using biomonitoring for exposure assessment has increased the variability in the urinary creatinine levels in these study populations. Our objectives were to document the normal range of urinary creatinine concentrations among various demographic groups, evaluate the impact that variations in creatinine concentrations can have on classifying exposure status of individuals in epidemiologic studies, and recommend an approach using multiple regression to adjust for variations in creatinine in multivariate analyses. We performed a weighted multivariate analysis of urinary creatinine concentrations in 22,245 participants of the Third National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (1988-1994) and established reference ranges (10th-90th percentiles) for each demographic and age category. Significant predictors of urinary creatinine concentration included age group, sex, race/ethnicity, body mass index, and fat-free mass. Time of day that urine samples were collected made a small but statistically significant difference in creatinine concentrations. For an individual, the creatinine-adjusted concentration of an analyte should be compared with a "reference" range derived from persons in a similar demographic group (e.g., children with children, adults with adults). For multiple regression analysis of population groups, we recommend that the analyte concentration (unadjusted for creatinine) should be included in the analysis with urinary creatinine added as a separate independent variable. This approach allows the urinary analyte concentration to be appropriately adjusted for urinary creatinine and the statistical significance of other variables in the model to be independent of effects of creatinine concentration. JF - Environmental Health Perspectives AU - Barr, D B AU - Wilder, L C AU - Caudill, S P AU - Gonzalez, A J AU - Needham, L L AU - Pirkle, J L AD - Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, 4770 Buford Hwy, Mailstop F17, Atlanta, GA 30341, USA, dbarr@cdc.gov Y1 - 2005/02// PY - 2005 DA - Feb 2005 SP - 192 EP - 200 VL - 113 IS - 2 SN - 0091-6765, 0091-6765 KW - Toxicology Abstracts KW - Fat-free KW - Statistical analysis KW - Multiple regression analysis KW - Population studies KW - Children KW - Nutrition KW - Models KW - Demography KW - Creatinine KW - Urine KW - biomonitoring KW - Body mass index KW - X 24222:Analytical procedures UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/17817834?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxicologyabstracts&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Environmental+Health+Perspectives&rft.atitle=Urinary+Creatinine+Concentrations+in+the+U.S.+Population%3A+Implications+for+Urinary+Biologic+Monitoring+Measurements&rft.au=Barr%2C+D+B%3BWilder%2C+L+C%3BCaudill%2C+S+P%3BGonzalez%2C+A+J%3BNeedham%2C+L+L%3BPirkle%2C+J+L&rft.aulast=Barr&rft.aufirst=D&rft.date=2005-02-01&rft.volume=113&rft.issue=2&rft.spage=192&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Environmental+Health+Perspectives&rft.issn=00916765&rft_id=info:doi/10.1289%2Fehp.7337 LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2010-05-01 N1 - Last updated - 2015-03-24 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Fat-free; Demography; Creatinine; Urine; Statistical analysis; Population studies; Multiple regression analysis; biomonitoring; Body mass index; Children; Nutrition; Models DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1289/ehp.7337 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - A Chimeric Antibody to Varicella-Zoster Virus Glycoprotein E AN - 17812088; 6177986 AB - Varicella-Zoster virus (VZV) immune globulin (VZIG) derived from pooled human serum is currently used in immunotherapy of VZV-associated complications of chickenpox and shingles. We developed a mouse-human chimeric antibody against a VZV glycoprotein E (gE) epitope as a safer replacement for VZIG. Variable (V) heavy- and V kappa light-chain exons, derived from an anti-VZV gE antibody secreting mouse hybridoma cell line, were cloned into expression vectors containing an immunoglobulin promoter and enhancer, and human IgG1 or kappa constant (C) region genes. The expression vectors were cotransfected into mouse myeloma cell line (NSO), generating transformants that secreted chimeric human-mouse IgGs. The chimeric and the parent mouse antibody were indistinguishable in their antigen binding specificity. VZV gE chimeric antibody may prove to be a prophylactic antibody that could provide significant advantages over VZIG in having defined specificity, lessened possibility of contamination with viral pathogens, and consistent availability. JF - Hybridoma AU - Shankar, V AU - Kools, J J AU - Armour, K L AU - Clark, M R AD - MS-G33, Bldg. 17, Rm. 6027, Rabies Section, VRZB, Division of Viral and Rickettsial Diseases, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, 1600 Clifton Rd., Atlanta, GA 30333, USA, vbs2@cdc.gov Y1 - 2005/02// PY - 2005 DA - Feb 2005 SP - 50 EP - 54 VL - 24 IS - 1 SN - 0272-457X, 0272-457X KW - Biotechnology and Bioengineering Abstracts; Virology & AIDS Abstracts; Medical and Pharmaceutical Biotechnology Abstracts; Immunology Abstracts KW - glycoprotein E KW - Myeloma KW - Immunotherapy KW - Expression vectors KW - Promoters KW - Tumor cell lines KW - Epitopes KW - Immunoglobulins KW - Exons KW - Globulins KW - Pathogens KW - Hybridoma KW - Enhancers KW - Immunoglobulin G KW - Varicella-zoster virus KW - Varicella KW - W3 33375:Antibodies KW - F 06711:Monoclonal antibodies, hybridomas, antigens and antisera KW - V 22093:Antigen-antibody interaction KW - W 30965:Miscellaneous, Reviews UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/17812088?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Abiotechresearch&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Hybridoma&rft.atitle=A+Chimeric+Antibody+to+Varicella-Zoster+Virus+Glycoprotein+E&rft.au=Shankar%2C+V%3BKools%2C+J+J%3BArmour%2C+K+L%3BClark%2C+M+R&rft.aulast=Shankar&rft.aufirst=V&rft.date=2005-02-01&rft.volume=24&rft.issue=1&rft.spage=50&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Hybridoma&rft.issn=0272457X&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Varicella-zoster virus; glycoprotein E; Hybridoma; Expression vectors; Immunoglobulin G; Pathogens; Enhancers; Promoters; Immunotherapy; Tumor cell lines; Varicella; Exons; Epitopes; Immunoglobulins; Globulins; Myeloma ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Epidemiologic Profile of HIV and AIDS among American Indians/Alaska Natives in the USA through 2000 AN - 17801862; 6159504 AB - To describe HIV and AIDS among American Indians/Alaska Natives (AI/AN) in the USA through 2000. An epidemiologic profile was constructed using HIV/AIDS surveillance, sexually transmitted disease (STD), and seroprevalence data. Although AIDS among AI/AN represents < 1% of cumulative AIDS cases in the USA, in 2000 the AIDS incidence rate (cases per 100,000 population) for AI/AN (11.9) was higher than that for whites (7.3). AI/AN had high rates of chlamydia, gonorrhea, and syphilis from 1996 through 2000; among all females, AI/AN females had the second highest rates of chlamydia, gonorrhea, and syphilis reported during this time period. Of all AIDS cases among AI/AN, 70% were reported by 10 states. These data demonstrate that the impact of STDs and the potential for an impact of HIV/AIDS among AI/AN are greater than indicated by the relatively small number of AIDS cases in this population. Additional mechanisms are needed to fill gaps in the available data. Coordination among the complex network of healthcare providers, tribes, and federal, state, and local health agencies is needed to improve delivery of information about HIV/AIDS to AI/AN and to ensure access to HIV prevention and treatment programs for AI/AN. JF - Ethnicity & Health AU - McNaghten, AD AU - Neal, J J AU - Li, Jianmin AU - Fleming, P L AD - Centers for Disease Control and Prevention 1600 Clifton Road, NE, MS E-46, Atlanta, GA 30333, USA, aom5@cdc.gov Y1 - 2005/02// PY - 2005 DA - Feb 2005 SP - 57 EP - 71 VL - 10 IS - 1 SN - 1355-7858, 1355-7858 KW - HIV KW - Virology & AIDS Abstracts; Microbiology Abstracts B: Bacteriology KW - Acquired immune deficiency syndrome KW - Sexually-transmitted diseases KW - Treatment KW - Prevention KW - USA KW - Epidemiology KW - Human immunodeficiency virus KW - Gonorrhea KW - Syphilis KW - Ethnic groups KW - Chlamydia KW - V 22005:AIDS: Epidemiological aspects KW - J 02849:Sexually-transmitted diseases UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/17801862?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologyb&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Ethnicity+%26+Health&rft.atitle=Epidemiologic+Profile+of+HIV+and+AIDS+among+American+Indians%2FAlaska+Natives+in+the+USA+through+2000&rft.au=McNaghten%2C+AD%3BNeal%2C+J+J%3BLi%2C+Jianmin%3BFleming%2C+P+L&rft.aulast=McNaghten&rft.aufirst=AD&rft.date=2005-02-01&rft.volume=10&rft.issue=1&rft.spage=57&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Ethnicity+%26+Health&rft.issn=13557858&rft_id=info:doi/10.1080%2F1355785052000323038 LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Human immunodeficiency virus; Chlamydia; USA; Acquired immune deficiency syndrome; Ethnic groups; Syphilis; Epidemiology; Gonorrhea; Prevention; Treatment; Sexually-transmitted diseases DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/1355785052000323038 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Participation and Retention in a Study of Female Condom Use among Women at High STD Risk AN - 17783219; 6193228 AB - Differential participation and retention can bias the findings of a follow-up study. This problem was evaluated in a study of barrier contraception among women at high STD risk. The goal of this study was to identify predictors of participation and retention and determine whether they could influence study results. Six-month follow-up study of women attending STD clinics. Determinants of participation and retention were evaluated using logistic and proportional hazards models. Agreement to participate was associated with young age, black race, low education and income, older age at first intercourse, the number of lifetime partners, and STD history. Early attrition was associated with young age, non-black race, higher income, lack of interest/commitment to using the female condom, high coital frequency, no STD history, not using a birth control method at baseline, and with inconsistent condom use, high coital frequency, and pregnancy during follow up. There was little evidence that differential participation influenced the validity of the study. Differential attrition may have biased behavioral measures of intervention effectiveness, but not necessarily measures of condom use effectiveness. JF - Annals of Epidemiology AU - Macaluso, M AU - Wang, Xingqiu AU - Brill, I AU - Fleenor, M AU - Robey, L AU - Kelaghan, J AU - Johnson, C AD - Division of Reproductive Health, National Center for Health Promotion and Disease Prevention, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, 4770 Buford Highway, Mail Stop K-34, Atlanta, GA 30341-3724, USA, mmacaluso@cdc.gov Y1 - 2005/02// PY - 2005 DA - Feb 2005 SP - 105 EP - 111 VL - 15 IS - 2 SN - 1047-2797, 1047-2797 KW - female condoms KW - Risk Abstracts KW - Disease control KW - Socioeconomics KW - Sexual behavior KW - Condoms KW - Education KW - Females KW - R2 23060:Medical and environmental health UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/17783219?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Ariskabstracts&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Annals+of+Epidemiology&rft.atitle=Participation+and+Retention+in+a+Study+of+Female+Condom+Use+among+Women+at+High+STD+Risk&rft.au=Macaluso%2C+M%3BWang%2C+Xingqiu%3BBrill%2C+I%3BFleenor%2C+M%3BRobey%2C+L%3BKelaghan%2C+J%3BJohnson%2C+C&rft.aulast=Macaluso&rft.aufirst=M&rft.date=2005-02-01&rft.volume=15&rft.issue=2&rft.spage=105&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Annals+of+Epidemiology&rft.issn=10472797&rft_id=info:doi/10.1016%2Fj.annepidem.2004.05.005 LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Education; Socioeconomics; Females; Sexual behavior; Condoms; Disease control DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.annepidem.2004.05.005 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Gender Differences in Risk Factors for Attempted Suicide among Young Adults: Findings from the Third National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey AN - 17779376; 6193230 AB - To identify the significant factors associated with attempted suicide among men and women, and determine whether socioeconomic status (SES) and social support indictors, health risk factors, and lifetime history of medical and psychiatric illnesses can explain gender differences in attempted suicide. We used data from 3357 men and 4004 women aged 17 to 39 years, who completed a mental disorder diagnostic interview as a part of the Third National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey, 1988-1994. Adjusted odds ratios (ORs) were calculated for the association between risk factors and attempted suicide. The prevalence of lifetime attempted suicides was 7.58% (SE, 0.66) in women and 3.69% (SE, 0.49) in men. In men, low income and smoking were associated with attempted suicide, while attempted suicide in women was associated with poor self-evaluated health, low educational attainment, and drug use. A history of medical and psychiatric illnesses was associated with attempted suicide in both genders, for cancer/pulmonary disease, OR = 2.89 (95% CI, 1.25-6.67) in men and 1.94 (1.09-3.45) in women; for major depressive disorder, OR = 9.86 (5.08-19.14) in men and 5.00 (3.19-7.83) in women. The significant gender difference of attempted suicide prevalence remained after being adjusted for risk factors selected. There were significant gender differences in the risk factors for attempted suicide among young adults, and the gender difference in the prevalence of lifetime attempted suicides could not be explained by differential exposure to risk factors selected. JF - Annals of Epidemiology AU - Zhang, Jian AU - McKeown, R E AU - Hussey, J R AU - Thompson, S J AU - Woods, J R AD - 4770 Buford Hwy, Mailstop K24, Atlanta, GA 30341, USA, bvw2@cdc.gov Y1 - 2005/02// PY - 2005 DA - Feb 2005 SP - 167 EP - 174 VL - 15 IS - 2 SN - 1047-2797, 1047-2797 KW - Risk Abstracts KW - Smoking KW - Education KW - Gender KW - Socioeconomics KW - Suicide KW - R2 23110:Psychological aspects UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/17779376?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Ariskabstracts&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Annals+of+Epidemiology&rft.atitle=Gender+Differences+in+Risk+Factors+for+Attempted+Suicide+among+Young+Adults%3A+Findings+from+the+Third+National+Health+and+Nutrition+Examination+Survey&rft.au=Zhang%2C+Jian%3BMcKeown%2C+R+E%3BHussey%2C+J+R%3BThompson%2C+S+J%3BWoods%2C+J+R&rft.aulast=Zhang&rft.aufirst=Jian&rft.date=2005-02-01&rft.volume=15&rft.issue=2&rft.spage=167&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Annals+of+Epidemiology&rft.issn=10472797&rft_id=info:doi/10.1016%2Fj.annepidem.2004.07.095 LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Suicide; Socioeconomics; Gender; Smoking; Education DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.annepidem.2004.07.095 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Critical Gaps in Child Passenger Safety Practices, Surveillance, and Legislation: Georgia, 2001 AN - 17770989; 6174442 AB - OBJECTIVE: Motor vehicle crashes remain the leading cause of death among US children 1 year of age and older. Although age-appropriate child passenger restraint use and back seating position are effective injury prevention strategies, many children 12 years of age and younger ride inappropriately restrained and seated in the front seat. In Georgia and in most states, surveillance of child passenger restraint use is less than optimal. Although child safety seat legislation is 1 of the most effective mechanisms for increasing correct restraint use and back seating position, Georgia's child occupant restraint law, like the laws in most states, falls short of practices recommended by government and child advocacy safety groups. The objective of this study was to document child passenger restraint use and seating position among children aged 0 to 12 years in Georgia and to use these study results to evaluate the efficacy of Georgia's child restraint surveillance and legislation. METHODS: In May and June 2001, police roadblocks were used to collect information about child passenger age, restraint use, and seating position. RESULTS: Data were collected on 1858 children who were riding in 1221 vehicles in 24 different Georgia counties. Results showed that 56% of children were inappropriately restrained and/or in the front seat. The most problematic age groups included infants who were in forward-facing child safety seats (28%) and/or in the front seat (22%); children who were 5 to 8 years of age in car seat belts alone (88%), rather than age-and size-appropriate child safety seats (6%); and children who were 9 to 12 years of age and riding in the front seat (39%). We compared our results with the existing Georgia passenger restraint surveillance system and found that it would have missed 77% of the children in our study who were inappropriately restrained and/or riding in the front seat. In a similar comparison, Georgia's restraint law did not cover over 74% of the children in our study who were riding at risk. CONCLUSION: The results of this study highlight 3 important areas for improving child passenger safety: targeted interventions to promote booster seat use and riding in the back seat, expanded child passenger restraint and seating position surveillance, and expanded legislation to mandate booster seat use and back seating position. JF - Pediatrics AU - Staunton, Catherine AU - Davidson, Steve AU - Kegler, Scott AU - Dawson, Lisa AU - Powell, Kenneth AU - Dellinger, Ann AD - National Center for Injury Prevention and Control, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia. Georgia State Division of Public Health, Atlanta, Georgia Y1 - 2005/02// PY - 2005 DA - Feb 2005 SP - 372 EP - 379 PB - American Academy of Pediatrics, 141 Northwest Point Blvd. Elk Grove Village IL 60007-1098 USA, [mailto:journals@aap.org], [URL:http://www.aap.org] VL - 115 IS - 2 SN - 0031-4005, 0031-4005 KW - Health & Safety Science Abstracts KW - Mortality KW - Age KW - Injuries KW - USA, Georgia KW - Children KW - Protective equipment KW - Accidents KW - prevention KW - Legislation KW - Infants KW - seat belts KW - H 2000:Transportation UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/17770989?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Ahealthsafetyabstracts&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Pediatrics&rft.atitle=Critical+Gaps+in+Child+Passenger+Safety+Practices%2C+Surveillance%2C+and+Legislation%3A+Georgia%2C+2001&rft.au=Staunton%2C+Catherine%3BDavidson%2C+Steve%3BKegler%2C+Scott%3BDawson%2C+Lisa%3BPowell%2C+Kenneth%3BDellinger%2C+Ann&rft.aulast=Staunton&rft.aufirst=Catherine&rft.date=2005-02-01&rft.volume=115&rft.issue=2&rft.spage=372&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Pediatrics&rft.issn=00314005&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - USA, Georgia; Children; Age; Legislation; Mortality; seat belts; Protective equipment; Accidents; Infants; prevention; Injuries ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Characterization of phagolysosomal simulant fluid for study of beryllium aerosol particle dissolution AN - 17762827; 6132750 AB - A simulant of phagolysosomal fluid is needed for beryllium particle dissolution research because intraphagolysosomal dissolution is believed to be a necessary step in the cellular immune response associated with development of chronic beryllium disease. Thus, we refined and characterized a potassium hydrogen phthalate (KHP) buffered solution with pH 4.55, termed phagolysosomal simulant fluid (PSF), for use in a static dissolution technique. To characterize the simulant, beryllium dissolution in PSF was compared to dissolution in the J774A.1 murine cell line. The effects of ionic composition, buffer strength, and the presence of the antifungal agent alkylbenzyldimethylammonium chloride (ABDC) on beryllium dissolution in PSF were evaluated. Beryllium dissolution in PSF was not different from dissolution in the J774A.1 murine cell line (p = 0.78) or from dissolution in another simulant having the same pH but different ionic composition (p = 0.73). A buffer concentration of 0.01-M KHP did not appear adequate to maintain pH under all conditions. There was no difference between dissolution in PSF with 0.01-M KHP and 0.02-M KHP (p = 0.12). At 0.04-M KHP, beryllium dissolution was increased relative to 0.02-M KHP (p = 0.02). Use of a 0.02-M KHP buffer concentration in the standard formulation for PSF provided stability in pH without alteration of the dissolution rate. The presence of ABDC did not influence beryllium dissolution in PSF (p = 0.35). PSF appears to be a useful and appropriate model of In vitro beryllium dissolution when using a static dissolution technique. In addition, the critical approach used to evaluate and adjust the composition of PSF may serve as a framework for characterizing PSF to study dissolution of other metal and oxide particles. JF - Toxicology In Vitro AU - Stefaniak, AB AU - Guilmette, R A AU - Day, G A AU - Hoover, MD AU - Breysse, P N AU - Scripsick, R C AD - Health Safety and Radiation Protection Division, Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, NM 87545, USA, astefaniak@cdc.gov Y1 - 2005/02// PY - 2005 DA - Feb 2005 SP - 123 EP - 134 PB - Elsevier Science Ltd., Pergamon, P.O. Box 800 Kidlington Oxford OX5 1DX UK, [mailto:nlinfo-f@elsevier.nl], [URL:http://www.elsevier.nl] VL - 19 IS - 1 SN - 0887-2333, 0887-2333 KW - Toxicology Abstracts KW - Alveolar macrophage phagolysosome KW - Dissolution KW - Simulant KW - Chronic beryllium disease KW - ABDC, alkylbenzyldimethylammonium chloride KW - BAS, Baron and Ahmed solution KW - BeO, beryllium oxide KW - ICP-MS, inductively coupled plasma-mass spectroscopy KW - KHP, potassium hydrogen phthalate KW - MdD, dissolved beryllium mass KW - Md0, initial particulate beryllium mass KW - MEM- alpha , minimum essential medium-alpha KW - PBS, phosphate buffered saline KW - PSF, phagolysosomal simulant fluid KW - SUF, serum ultrafiltrate KW - US EPA, United States Environmental Protection Agency KW - Berylliosis KW - Metals KW - Antifungal agents KW - Aerosols KW - Animal models KW - Potassium KW - Chloride KW - Hydrogen KW - phthalates KW - Beryllium KW - oxides KW - Immune response KW - pH effects KW - X 24222:Analytical procedures UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/17762827?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxicologyabstracts&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Toxicology+In+Vitro&rft.atitle=Characterization+of+phagolysosomal+simulant+fluid+for+study+of+beryllium+aerosol+particle+dissolution&rft.au=Stefaniak%2C+AB%3BGuilmette%2C+R+A%3BDay%2C+G+A%3BHoover%2C+MD%3BBreysse%2C+P+N%3BScripsick%2C+R+C&rft.aulast=Stefaniak&rft.aufirst=AB&rft.date=2005-02-01&rft.volume=19&rft.issue=1&rft.spage=123&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Toxicology+In+Vitro&rft.issn=08872333&rft_id=info:doi/10.1016%2Fj.tiv.2004.08.001 LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Last updated - 2015-03-24 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Berylliosis; Metals; Aerosols; Antifungal agents; Animal models; Potassium; Chloride; Hydrogen; phthalates; Beryllium; Dissolution; oxides; Immune response; pH effects DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.tiv.2004.08.001 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Expansion of Outreach Through Government AIDS Centers is Needed to Prevent the Spread of HIV in Russia AN - 17744356; 6153387 AB - Expansion of outreach through government AIDS centers is needed to prevent the spread of HIV in Russia. Orel, Russia, is the site of a pilot project in HIV community outreach conducted by the US Centers for Disease Control and Prevention and the Russian Ministry of Health. We sought to determine whether outreach, a documented method for reaching injection drug users and their female sex partners for HIV prevention, is feasible through a Russian Government AIDS Center. We used a rapid assessment cross-sectional-survey. We demonstrated that at-risk persons who are not currently in contact with the public health system can be reached through community outreach by a government AIDS Center with limited resources and political constraints. Community-recruited persons, compared with institutionally recruited persons, had more risk behaviors and less HIV knowledge, suggesting that they are not being reached by current prevention efforts. We recommend that other AIDS centers in Russia consider piloting similar outreach projects in partnership with non-government organizations and the federal government. JF - Drugs: Education, Prevention, and Policy AU - Santibanez, S S AU - Abdul-Quader, A S AU - Broyles, L N AU - Gusseynova, N AU - Sofronova, R AU - Molotilov, V AU - Garfein, R S AU - Paxton, LA AD - Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, 1600 Clifton Road, Mailstop E-07, Atlanta, GA 30333, USA, ssantibanez@cdc.gov Y1 - 2005/02// PY - 2005 DA - Feb 2005 SP - 71 EP - 74 VL - 12 IS - 1 SN - 0968-7637, 0968-7637 KW - HIV KW - Risk Abstracts; Health & Safety Science Abstracts KW - Acquired immune deficiency syndrome KW - Politics KW - disease control KW - Drug abuse KW - Sexual behavior KW - Public health KW - prevention KW - Government programs KW - Education KW - Human immunodeficiency virus KW - Russia KW - H 11000:Diseases/Injuries/Trauma KW - R2 23060:Medical and environmental health UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/17744356?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Ariskabstracts&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Drugs%3A+Education%2C+Prevention%2C+and+Policy&rft.atitle=Expansion+of+Outreach+Through+Government+AIDS+Centers+is+Needed+to+Prevent+the+Spread+of+HIV+in+Russia&rft.au=Santibanez%2C+S+S%3BAbdul-Quader%2C+A+S%3BBroyles%2C+L+N%3BGusseynova%2C+N%3BSofronova%2C+R%3BMolotilov%2C+V%3BGarfein%2C+R+S%3BPaxton%2C+LA&rft.aulast=Santibanez&rft.aufirst=S&rft.date=2005-02-01&rft.volume=12&rft.issue=1&rft.spage=71&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Drugs%3A+Education%2C+Prevention%2C+and+Policy&rft.issn=09687637&rft_id=info:doi/10.1080%2F0968763042000275317 LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Human immunodeficiency virus; Russia; Acquired immune deficiency syndrome; Government programs; Sexual behavior; prevention; Drug abuse; Education; disease control; Politics; Public health DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/0968763042000275317 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Sexual Risk Behavior of Men Who have Sex with Men: Comparison of Behavior at Home and at a Gay Resort AN - 17605092; 6483134 AB - This study compared sexual behavior of gay and bisexual men (N = 551) while at their primary residence to their behavior while vacationing at a gay resort community. Participants reported behavior for the days they spent in the resort and for their last 60 days in their home residences. Overall, 11 times more non-main partners were reported for unprotected anal intercourse (UAI) per day while in the resort as for the 'at home' period. Regression analysis identified negative attitudes toward condoms, less concern about AIDS, and daily number of non-main, male partners at home with whom UAI occurred as significant predictors of the daily number of non-main male partners with whom holidaymakers engaged in UAI while in the resort area. The results suggest that sexual risk taking by men who have sex with men (MSM) while on holiday may be elevated over that at home and that prevention efforts need to be promoted in gay resorts. Behavioral surveillance research would be helpful in better characterizing the current social contexts of sexual risk taking by MSM. Theory-based studies of the nature of risk-taking and sexual decision-making on 'gay holiday' could inform the development of empirically proven and conceptually grounded interventions. JF - Archives of Sexual Behavior AU - Whittier, David Knapp AU - Lawrence, Janet St AU - Seeley, Salvatore AD - National Center for HIV, STD, and TB Prevention, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, 1600 Clifton Road NE, Mailstop E-44, Atlanta, Georgia, 30333, dwhittier@cdc.gov Y1 - 2005/02// PY - 2005 DA - Feb 2005 SP - 95 EP - 102 PB - Plenum Publishing Corp., 233 Spring St. New York NY 10013-1578 USA, [mailto:info@plenum.com], [URL:http://www.plenum.com] VL - 34 IS - 1 SN - 0004-0002, 0004-0002 KW - Health & Safety Science Abstracts; Risk Abstracts KW - sexual behavior KW - Acquired immune deficiency syndrome KW - Homosexuality KW - prevention KW - males KW - Recreation areas KW - condoms KW - H 11000:Diseases/Injuries/Trauma KW - R2 23060:Medical and environmental health UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/17605092?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Ariskabstracts&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Archives+of+Sexual+Behavior&rft.atitle=Sexual+Risk+Behavior+of+Men+Who+have+Sex+with+Men%3A+Comparison+of+Behavior+at+Home+and+at+a+Gay+Resort&rft.au=Whittier%2C+David+Knapp%3BLawrence%2C+Janet+St%3BSeeley%2C+Salvatore&rft.aulast=Whittier&rft.aufirst=David&rft.date=2005-02-01&rft.volume=34&rft.issue=1&rft.spage=95&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Archives+of+Sexual+Behavior&rft.issn=00040002&rft_id=info:doi/10.1007%2Fs10508-005-1003-y LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - sexual behavior; males; Homosexuality; Recreation areas; condoms; prevention; Acquired immune deficiency syndrome DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10508-005-1003-y ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Public health consequences from hazardous substances acutely released during rail transit--South Carolina, 2005; selected States, 1999-2004. AN - 67375399; 15674184 AB - On January 6, 2005, two freight trains collided in Graniteville, South Carolina (approximately 10 miles northeast of Augusta, Georgia), releasing an estimated 11,500 gallons of chlorine gas, which caused nine deaths and sent at least 529 persons seeking medical treatment for possible chlorine exposure. The incident prompted the Agency for Toxic Substances and Disease Registry (ATSDR) to review data from its Hazardous Substances Emergency Events Surveillance (HSEES) system and update an analysis of 1993-1998 railroad events. The HSEES system is used to collect and analyze data concerning the public health consequences (e.g., morbidity, mortality, and evacuations) associated with hazardous-substance--release events that occur in facilities or during transportation. This report describes the event in South Carolina, which is not part of the HSEES system, and two others from HSEES, and summarizes all rail events reported to HSEES from 16 state health departments during 1999-2004. Local government agencies, employers, and first responders can help reduce morbidity and mortality from transit-associated hazardous-substance releases by examining historical spill data for planning purposes, developing emergency response plans, undergoing proper hazardous materials (HazMat) training, and reviewing epidemiologic investigation data. JF - MMWR. Morbidity and mortality weekly report AU - Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) AD - Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) Y1 - 2005/01/28/ PY - 2005 DA - 2005 Jan 28 SP - 64 EP - 67 VL - 54 IS - 3 KW - Hazardous Substances KW - 0 KW - Chlorine KW - 4R7X1O2820 KW - Index Medicus KW - Missouri -- epidemiology KW - Public Health Practice KW - Texas -- epidemiology KW - Humans KW - South Carolina -- epidemiology KW - Accidents KW - Chlorine -- poisoning KW - Railroads KW - Hazardous Substances -- poisoning UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/67375399?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=MMWR.+Morbidity+and+mortality+weekly+report&rft.atitle=Public+health+consequences+from+hazardous+substances+acutely+released+during+rail+transit--South+Carolina%2C+2005%3B+selected+States%2C+1999-2004.&rft.au=Centers+for+Disease+Control+and+Prevention+%28CDC%29&rft.aulast=Centers+for+Disease+Control+and+Prevention+%28CDC%29&rft.aufirst=&rft.date=2005-01-28&rft.volume=54&rft.issue=3&rft.spage=64&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=MMWR.+Morbidity+and+mortality+weekly+report&rft.issn=1545-861X&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 2005-02-02 N1 - Date created - 2005-01-27 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Elevated blood lead levels in refugee children--New Hampshire, 2003-2004. AN - 67362930; 15660019 AB - As a result of reductions in lead hazards and improved screening practices, blood lead levels (BLLs) in children aged 1-5 years are decreasing in the United States. However, the risk for elevated BLLs (> or =10 microg/dL) remains high for certain populations, including refugees. After the death of a Sudanese refugee child from lead poisoning in New Hampshire in 2000, the New Hampshire Department of Health and Human Services (NHDHHS) developed lead testing guidelines to screen and monitor refugee children. These guidelines recommend 1) capillary blood lead testing for refugee children aged 6 months-15 years within 3 months after arrival in New Hampshire, 2) follow-up venous testing of children aged <6 years within 3-6 months after initial screening, and 3) notation of refugee status on laboratory slips for first tests. In 2004, routine laboratory telephone reports of elevated BLLs to the New Hampshire Childhood Lead Poisoning Prevention Program (NHCLPPP) called attention to a pattern of elevated BLLs among refugee children. To develop prevention strategies, NHDHHS analyzed NHCLPPP and Manchester Health Department (MHD) data, focusing on the 37 African refugee children with elevated BLLs on follow-up for whom complete data were available. This report describes the results of that analysis, which indicated that 1) follow-up blood lead testing is useful to identify lead exposure that occurs after resettlement and 2) refugee children in New Hampshire older than those routinely tested might have elevated BLLs. Refugee children in all states should be tested for lead poisoning on arrival and several months after initial screening to assess exposure after resettlement. JF - MMWR. Morbidity and mortality weekly report AU - Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) AD - Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) Y1 - 2005/01/21/ PY - 2005 DA - 2005 Jan 21 SP - 42 EP - 46 VL - 54 IS - 2 KW - Index Medicus KW - Infant KW - New Hampshire -- epidemiology KW - Humans KW - Child KW - Adolescent KW - Male KW - Female KW - Child, Preschool KW - Africa -- ethnology KW - Lead Poisoning -- prevention & control KW - Lead Poisoning -- epidemiology KW - Refugees UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/67362930?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=MMWR.+Morbidity+and+mortality+weekly+report&rft.atitle=Elevated+blood+lead+levels+in+refugee+children--New+Hampshire%2C+2003-2004.&rft.au=Centers+for+Disease+Control+and+Prevention+%28CDC%29&rft.aulast=Centers+for+Disease+Control+and+Prevention+%28CDC%29&rft.aufirst=&rft.date=2005-01-21&rft.volume=54&rft.issue=2&rft.spage=42&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=MMWR.+Morbidity+and+mortality+weekly+report&rft.issn=1545-861X&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 2005-02-02 N1 - Date created - 2005-01-20 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - SuppNotes - Erratum In: MMWR Morb Mortal Wkly Rep. 2005 Jan 28;54(3):76 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Escherichia coli O157:H7 infections associated with ground beef from a U.S. military installation--Okinawa, Japan, February 2004. AN - 67362304; 15660018 AB - In February 2004, the Okinawa Prefectural Chubu Health Center (OCHC) and the Okinawa Prefectural Institute of Health and Environment (OIHE), Japan, investigated three cases of Escherichia coli O157:H7 infection in a Japanese family associated with eating ground beef. Public health officials from multiple agencies in Japan and the United States collaborated on this investigation, which resulted in a voluntary recall of approximately 90,000 pounds of frozen ground beef in the United States and at U.S. military bases in the Far East. This was the first reported instance in which Japanese public health officials identified contaminated, commercially distributed ground beef that was produced in the United States. This report summarizes epidemiologic and laboratory investigations conducted by OCHC and OIHE. The results underscore the importance of using standardized molecular subtyping methods throughout the world to facilitate international public health communication and intervention. JF - MMWR. Morbidity and mortality weekly report AU - Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) AD - Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) Y1 - 2005/01/21/ PY - 2005 DA - 2005 Jan 21 SP - 40 EP - 42 VL - 54 IS - 2 KW - Index Medicus KW - United States KW - Japan -- epidemiology KW - Animals KW - Cattle KW - Military Personnel KW - Humans KW - Food Industry KW - Foodborne Diseases -- epidemiology KW - Escherichia coli Infections -- epidemiology KW - Escherichia coli O157 -- isolation & purification KW - Meat -- microbiology KW - Escherichia coli Infections -- etiology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/67362304?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=MMWR.+Morbidity+and+mortality+weekly+report&rft.atitle=Escherichia+coli+O157%3AH7+infections+associated+with+ground+beef+from+a+U.S.+military+installation--Okinawa%2C+Japan%2C+February+2004.&rft.au=Centers+for+Disease+Control+and+Prevention+%28CDC%29&rft.aulast=Centers+for+Disease+Control+and+Prevention+%28CDC%29&rft.aufirst=&rft.date=2005-01-21&rft.volume=54&rft.issue=2&rft.spage=40&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=MMWR.+Morbidity+and+mortality+weekly+report&rft.issn=1545-861X&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 2005-02-02 N1 - Date created - 2005-01-20 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Antiretroviral postexposure prophylaxis after sexual, injection-drug use, or other nonoccupational exposure to HIV in the United States: recommendations from the U.S. Department of Health and Human Services. AN - 67360982; 15660015 AB - The most effective means of preventing human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection is preventing exposure. The provision of antiretroviral drugs to prevent HIV infection after unanticipated sexual or injection-drug--use exposure might be beneficial. The U.S. Department of Health and Human Services (DHHS) Working Group on Nonoccupational Postexposure Prophylaxis (nPEP) made the following recommendations for the United States. For persons seeking care 72 hours after exposure, DHHS does not recommend the use of nPEP. Clinicians might consider prescribing nPEP for exposures conferring a serious risk for transmission, even if the person seeks care >72 hours after exposure if, in their judgment, the diminished potential benefit of nPEP outweighs the risks for transmission and adverse events. For all exposures, other health risks resulting from the exposure should be considered and prophylaxis administered when indicated. Risk-reduction counseling and indicated intervention services should be provided to reduce the risk for recurrent exposures. JF - MMWR. Recommendations and reports : Morbidity and mortality weekly report. Recommendations and reports AU - Smith, Dawn K AU - Grohskopf, Lisa A AU - Black, Roberta J AU - Auerbach, Judith D AU - Veronese, Fulvia AU - Struble, Kimberly A AU - Cheever, Laura AU - Johnson, Michael AU - Paxton, Lynn A AU - Onorato, Ida M AU - Greenberg, Alan E AU - U.S. Department of Health and Human Services AD - Division of HIV/AIDS Prevention, National Center for HIV, STD, and TB Prevention, CDC, Atlanta, Georgia 30333, USA. ; U.S. Department of Health and Human Services Y1 - 2005/01/21/ PY - 2005 DA - 2005 Jan 21 SP - 1 EP - 20 VL - 54 KW - Index Medicus KW - United States KW - Risk KW - Humans KW - Cost-Benefit Analysis KW - Environmental Exposure KW - Time Factors KW - Antiretroviral Therapy, Highly Active -- standards KW - HIV Infections -- transmission KW - HIV Infections -- prevention & control KW - Antiretroviral Therapy, Highly Active -- economics KW - HIV Infections -- economics UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/67360982?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=MMWR.+Recommendations+and+reports+%3A+Morbidity+and+mortality+weekly+report.+Recommendations+and+reports&rft.atitle=Antiretroviral+postexposure+prophylaxis+after+sexual%2C+injection-drug+use%2C+or+other+nonoccupational+exposure+to+HIV+in+the+United+States%3A+recommendations+from+the+U.S.+Department+of+Health+and+Human+Services.&rft.au=Smith%2C+Dawn+K%3BGrohskopf%2C+Lisa+A%3BBlack%2C+Roberta+J%3BAuerbach%2C+Judith+D%3BVeronese%2C+Fulvia%3BStruble%2C+Kimberly+A%3BCheever%2C+Laura%3BJohnson%2C+Michael%3BPaxton%2C+Lynn+A%3BOnorato%2C+Ida+M%3BGreenberg%2C+Alan+E%3BU.S.+Department+of+Health+and+Human+Services&rft.aulast=Smith&rft.aufirst=Dawn&rft.date=2005-01-21&rft.volume=54&rft.issue=&rft.spage=1&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=MMWR.+Recommendations+and+reports+%3A+Morbidity+and+mortality+weekly+report.+Recommendations+and+reports&rft.issn=1545-8601&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 2005-02-07 N1 - Date created - 2005-01-20 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Increase in poisoning deaths caused by non-illicit drugs--Utah, 1991-2003. AN - 67360228; 15660016 AB - Deaths caused by drug poisoning of unintentional and undetermined intent are an increasing problem in Utah and elsewhere in the United States. To characterize the trend in drug-poisoning deaths in Utah, CDC and the Utah Department of Health analyzed medical examiner (ME) data for 1991-1998 and 1999-2003. This report summarizes the results of that analysis, which determined that, during 1991-2003, the number of Utah residents dying from all drug poisoning increased nearly fivefold, from 79 deaths in 1991 (rate: 4.4 per 100,000 population) to 391 deaths in 2003 (rate: 16.6). This increase has been largely the result of the tripling of the rate (from 1.5 during 1991-1998 to 4.4 during 1999-2003) in poisoning deaths of unintentional or undetermined intent caused by non-illicit drugs (i.e., medications that can be legally prescribed). Further study is needed to understand these trends and to develop strategies to prevent deaths of unintentional or undetermined intent from non-illicit drug poisoning. JF - MMWR. Morbidity and mortality weekly report AU - Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) AD - Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) Y1 - 2005/01/21/ PY - 2005 DA - 2005 Jan 21 SP - 33 EP - 36 VL - 54 IS - 2 KW - Antidepressive Agents KW - 0 KW - Narcotics KW - Methadone KW - UC6VBE7V1Z KW - Index Medicus KW - Antidepressive Agents -- poisoning KW - Drug Overdose -- mortality KW - Humans KW - Utah -- epidemiology KW - Adult KW - Aged KW - Narcotics -- poisoning KW - Middle Aged KW - Methadone -- poisoning KW - Male KW - Female KW - Poisoning -- mortality UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/67360228?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=MMWR.+Morbidity+and+mortality+weekly+report&rft.atitle=Increase+in+poisoning+deaths+caused+by+non-illicit+drugs--Utah%2C+1991-2003.&rft.au=Centers+for+Disease+Control+and+Prevention+%28CDC%29&rft.aulast=Centers+for+Disease+Control+and+Prevention+%28CDC%29&rft.aufirst=&rft.date=2005-01-21&rft.volume=54&rft.issue=2&rft.spage=33&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=MMWR.+Morbidity+and+mortality+weekly+report&rft.issn=1545-861X&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 2005-02-02 N1 - Date created - 2005-01-20 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Unintentional non-fire-related carbon monoxide exposures--United States, 2001-2003. AN - 67358936; 15660017 AB - Carbon monoxide (CO) is a colorless, odorless, poisonous gas that results from incomplete combustion of fuels (e.g., natural or liquefied petroleum gas, oil, wood, coal, or other fuels). CO sources (e.g., furnaces, generators, gas heaters, and motor vehicles) are common in homes or work environments and can put persons at risk for CO exposure and poisoning. Most signs and symptoms of CO exposure are nonspecific (e.g., headache or nausea) and can be mistakenly attributed to other causes, such as viral illnesses. Undetected or unsuspected CO exposure can result in death. To examine fatal and nonfatal unintentional, non-fire-related CO exposures, CDC analyzed 2001-2003 data on emergency department (ED) visits from the National Electronic Injury Surveillance System All Injury Program (NEISS-AIP) and 2001-2002 death certificate data from the National Vital Statistics System (NVSS). During 2001-2003, an estimated 15,200 persons with confirmed or possible non-fire-related CO exposure were treated annually in hospital EDs. In addition, during 2001-2002, an average of 480 persons died annually from non-fire-related CO poisoning. Although males and females were equally likely to visit an ED for CO exposure, males were 2.3 times more likely to die from CO poisoning. Most (64%) of the nonfatal CO exposures occurred in homes. Efforts are needed to educate the public about preventing CO exposure. JF - MMWR. Morbidity and mortality weekly report AU - Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) AD - Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) Y1 - 2005/01/21/ PY - 2005 DA - 2005 Jan 21 SP - 36 EP - 39 VL - 54 IS - 2 KW - Index Medicus KW - Humans KW - United States -- epidemiology KW - Carbon Monoxide Poisoning -- epidemiology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/67358936?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=MMWR.+Morbidity+and+mortality+weekly+report&rft.atitle=Unintentional+non-fire-related+carbon+monoxide+exposures--United+States%2C+2001-2003.&rft.au=Centers+for+Disease+Control+and+Prevention+%28CDC%29&rft.aulast=Centers+for+Disease+Control+and+Prevention+%28CDC%29&rft.aufirst=&rft.date=2005-01-21&rft.volume=54&rft.issue=2&rft.spage=36&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=MMWR.+Morbidity+and+mortality+weekly+report&rft.issn=1545-861X&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 2005-02-02 N1 - Date created - 2005-01-20 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Determination of 14 Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons in Mainstream Smoke from Domestic Cigarettes AN - 16193578; 6193347 AB - Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) are a class of environmental pollutants created primarily from incomplete combustion of various organic materials including tobacco. Cigarette smoke is a complex mixture of various classes of compounds, including numerous PAHs, in both the mainstream and the sidestream smoke fractions. We measured the levels of 14 PAHs in mainstream smoke from unfiltered custom cigarettes made from individual tobacco types and 30 brands of domestic blended cigarettes using standardized smoking conditions, extraction from the Cambridge filter pads, and gas chromatography/mass spectrometry. Differences in smoke PAHs from cigarettes with selected tobacco blends were identified and illustrate how blend composition contributes to the overall mainstream smoke PAH profile. The PAH levels varied among the different commercial cigarette brands, with the amount of total mainstream smoke PAHs ranging from 1 to 1.6 mu g per cigarette. Under machine smoking conditions, the mainstream smoke from domestic cigarettes had individual PAHs ranging from benzo[k]fluoranthene at levels below 10 ng/cigarette to naphthalene at levels of around 500 ng/cigarette. Low delivery cigarettes smoked with blocked filter vent holes dramatically increased the mainstream smoke PAH deliveries with respect to their unblocked counterparts. Inhalation of PAHs and other harmful chemicals from cigarette smoke are unique as they represent a routine voluntary exposure to common environmental pollutants. JF - Environmental Science & Technology AU - Ding, Y S AU - Trommel, J S AU - Yan, Xizheng J AU - Ashley, D AU - Watson, CH AD - Emergency Response and Air Toxicants Branch, Division of Laboratory Science, National Center for Environmental Health, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, 4470 Buford Highway NE, Mailstop F-47, Atlanta, GA 30341, USA, cwatson@cdc.gov Y1 - 2005/01/15/ PY - 2005 DA - 2005 Jan 15 SP - 471 EP - 478 VL - 39 IS - 2 SN - 0013-936X, 0013-936X KW - Toxicology Abstracts; Pollution Abstracts KW - Inhalation KW - Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons KW - Cigarettes KW - Combustion products KW - Organic matter KW - Mass spectrometry KW - Naphthalene KW - Cigarette smoke KW - Mass spectroscopy KW - Smoke KW - Filters KW - Gas chromatography KW - Tobacco KW - X 24190:Polycyclic hydrocarbons KW - P 0000:AIR POLLUTION KW - X 24180:Social poisons & drug abuse UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16193578?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxicologyabstracts&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Environmental+Science+%26+Technology&rft.atitle=Determination+of+14+Polycyclic+Aromatic+Hydrocarbons+in+Mainstream+Smoke+from+Domestic+Cigarettes&rft.au=Ding%2C+Y+S%3BTrommel%2C+J+S%3BYan%2C+Xizheng+J%3BAshley%2C+D%3BWatson%2C+CH&rft.aulast=Ding&rft.aufirst=Y&rft.date=2005-01-15&rft.volume=39&rft.issue=2&rft.spage=471&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Environmental+Science+%26+Technology&rft.issn=0013936X&rft_id=info:doi/10.1021%2Fes048690k LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2005-04-01 N1 - Last updated - 2015-03-24 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Inhalation; Filters; Smoke; Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons; Gas chromatography; Organic matter; Naphthalene; Cigarette smoke; Mass spectroscopy; Cigarettes; Combustion products; Tobacco; Mass spectrometry DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/es048690k ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Case definitions for chemical poisoning. AN - 67363584; 15660014 AB - When human illness results from an unintentional or intentional release of a toxin (chemicals produced by metabolism in an organism [e.g., ricin]) or a toxicant (natural or synthetic chemicals not metabolically produced by an organism [e.g., nerve agents]) into the environment, uniform reporting is necessary to direct appropriate resources, assess the extent of morbidity and mortality, track poisoned persons, and monitor response to intervention. In this report, CDC presents case definitions to facilitate uniform reporting among local, state, and federal public health agencies of illness resulting from a chemical release. The report also explains the rationale for the structure of the case definitions, the audience for whom it is intended, the setting in which the case definitions might be used, and reasons each chemical presented in the report was selected. Clinical knowledge and diagnostic tools (e.g., biologic laboratory tests) for detecting chemical poisoning are likely to improve over time. CDC will create new case definitions and revise existing definitions to meet the needs related to emerging threats and to enhance case definition sensitivity and specificity, when possible, with developing clinical information. JF - MMWR. Recommendations and reports : Morbidity and mortality weekly report. Recommendations and reports AU - Belson, Martin G AU - Schier, Joshua G AU - Patel, Manish M AU - CDC AD - Division of Environmental Hazards and Health Effects National Center for Environmental Health, USA. mbelson@cdc.gov ; CDC Y1 - 2005/01/14/ PY - 2005 DA - 2005 Jan 14 SP - 1 EP - 24 VL - 54 KW - Index Medicus KW - Terrorism KW - Humans KW - Chemical Warfare KW - Environmental Exposure KW - Population Surveillance KW - Poisoning -- classification KW - Poisoning -- diagnosis UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/67363584?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=MMWR.+Recommendations+and+reports+%3A+Morbidity+and+mortality+weekly+report.+Recommendations+and+reports&rft.atitle=Case+definitions+for+chemical+poisoning.&rft.au=Belson%2C+Martin+G%3BSchier%2C+Joshua+G%3BPatel%2C+Manish+M%3BCDC&rft.aulast=Belson&rft.aufirst=Martin&rft.date=2005-01-14&rft.volume=54&rft.issue=&rft.spage=1&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=MMWR.+Recommendations+and+reports+%3A+Morbidity+and+mortality+weekly+report.+Recommendations+and+reports&rft.issn=1545-8601&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 2005-01-31 N1 - Date created - 2005-01-20 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - CPAPER T1 - Mitigating climate risks through hydro-climate information and adaptive water management institutions AN - 40013009; 3905610 AU - Ray, A J Y1 - 2005/01/14/ PY - 2005 DA - 2005 Jan 14 KW - CPI, Conference Papers Index KW - U 5500:Geoscience UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/40013009?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Acpi&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=conference&rft.jtitle=&rft.atitle=Mitigating+climate+risks+through+hydro-climate+information+and+adaptive+water+management+institutions&rft.au=Ray%2C+A+J&rft.aulast=Ray&rft.aufirst=A&rft.date=2005-01-14&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - SuppNotes - Availability: American Meteorological Society, 45 Beacon St., Boston, MA 02108-3693, USA; phone: 617 227 2426; fax: 617 742 8718; URL: www.ametsoc.org N1 - Last updated - 2010-05-03 ER - TY - CPAPER T1 - RELAX NG way to live: The story of updating the live access server configuration XML AN - 39964422; 3907373 AU - Schweitzer, R H AU - Hankin, S AU - Callahan, J AU - McLean, J AU - O'Brien, K M AU - Manke, A AU - Wei, Y AU - Sirott, J Y1 - 2005/01/14/ PY - 2005 DA - 2005 Jan 14 KW - CPI, Conference Papers Index KW - U 5500:Geoscience UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/39964422?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Acpi&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=conference&rft.jtitle=&rft.atitle=RELAX+NG+way+to+live%3A+The+story+of+updating+the+live+access+server+configuration+XML&rft.au=Schweitzer%2C+R+H%3BHankin%2C+S%3BCallahan%2C+J%3BMcLean%2C+J%3BO%27Brien%2C+K+M%3BManke%2C+A%3BWei%2C+Y%3BSirott%2C+J&rft.aulast=Schweitzer&rft.aufirst=R&rft.date=2005-01-14&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - SuppNotes - Availability: American Meteorological Society, 45 Beacon St., Boston, MA 02108-3693, USA; phone: 617 227 2426; fax: 617 742 8718; URL: www.ametsoc.org N1 - Last updated - 2010-05-03 ER - TY - CPAPER T1 - Rainfall changes in Hawaii during the last century AN - 39962642; 3907195 AU - Diaz, H F AU - Chu, P-S Y1 - 2005/01/14/ PY - 2005 DA - 2005 Jan 14 KW - CPI, Conference Papers Index KW - U 5500:Geoscience UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/39962642?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Acpi&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=conference&rft.jtitle=&rft.atitle=Rainfall+changes+in+Hawaii+during+the+last+century&rft.au=Diaz%2C+H+F%3BChu%2C+P-S&rft.aulast=Diaz&rft.aufirst=H&rft.date=2005-01-14&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - SuppNotes - Availability: American Meteorological Society, 45 Beacon St., Boston, MA 02108-3693, USA; phone: 617 227 2426; fax: 617 742 8718; URL: www.ametsoc.org N1 - Last updated - 2010-05-03 ER - TY - CPAPER T1 - Uncertainties in estimating the impacts of complex climatic events: Revisiting the case(s) of drought AN - 39955255; 3908687 AU - Bigley, R AU - Pulwarty, R S AU - Hayes, MJ Y1 - 2005/01/14/ PY - 2005 DA - 2005 Jan 14 KW - CPI, Conference Papers Index KW - U 5500:Geoscience UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/39955255?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Acpi&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=conference&rft.jtitle=&rft.atitle=Uncertainties+in+estimating+the+impacts+of+complex+climatic+events%3A+Revisiting+the+case%28s%29+of+drought&rft.au=Bigley%2C+R%3BPulwarty%2C+R+S%3BHayes%2C+MJ&rft.aulast=Bigley&rft.aufirst=R&rft.date=2005-01-14&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - SuppNotes - Availability: American Meteorological Society, 45 Beacon St., Boston, MA 02108-3693, USA; phone: 617 227 2426; fax: 617 742 8718; URL: www.ametsoc.org N1 - Last updated - 2010-05-03 ER - TY - CPAPER T1 - Trial by fire - Developing, delivering, and defending experimental climate forecasts during three drought years in Colorado AN - 39955170; 3908620 AU - Wolter, K Y1 - 2005/01/14/ PY - 2005 DA - 2005 Jan 14 KW - CPI, Conference Papers Index KW - U 5500:Geoscience UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/39955170?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Acpi&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=conference&rft.jtitle=&rft.atitle=Trial+by+fire+-+Developing%2C+delivering%2C+and+defending+experimental+climate+forecasts+during+three+drought+years+in+Colorado&rft.au=Wolter%2C+K&rft.aulast=Wolter&rft.aufirst=K&rft.date=2005-01-14&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - SuppNotes - Availability: American Meteorological Society, 45 Beacon St., Boston, MA 02108-3693, USA; phone: 617 227 2426; fax: 617 742 8718; URL: www.ametsoc.org N1 - Last updated - 2010-05-03 ER - TY - CPAPER T1 - Improved "climate divisions" for monitoring, assessing, and predicting climate in the U.S. AN - 39909880; 3904543 AU - Wolter, K AU - Bigley, R AU - Eischeid, J K AU - Allured, D Y1 - 2005/01/14/ PY - 2005 DA - 2005 Jan 14 KW - CPI, Conference Papers Index KW - U 5500:Geoscience UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/39909880?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Acpi&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=conference&rft.jtitle=&rft.atitle=Improved+%22climate+divisions%22+for+monitoring%2C+assessing%2C+and+predicting+climate+in+the+U.S.&rft.au=Wolter%2C+K%3BBigley%2C+R%3BEischeid%2C+J+K%3BAllured%2C+D&rft.aulast=Wolter&rft.aufirst=K&rft.date=2005-01-14&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - SuppNotes - Availability: American Meteorological Society, 45 Beacon St., Boston, MA 02108-3693, USA; phone: 617 227 2426; fax: 617 742 8718; URL: www.ametsoc.org N1 - Last updated - 2010-05-03 ER - TY - CPAPER T1 - Ensemble data assimilation with the NCEP GFS AN - 39874119; 3903189 AU - Whitaker, J S AU - Hamill, T M Y1 - 2005/01/14/ PY - 2005 DA - 2005 Jan 14 KW - CPI, Conference Papers Index KW - U 5500:Geoscience UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/39874119?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Acpi&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=conference&rft.jtitle=&rft.atitle=Ensemble+data+assimilation+with+the+NCEP+GFS&rft.au=Whitaker%2C+J+S%3BHamill%2C+T+M&rft.aulast=Whitaker&rft.aufirst=J&rft.date=2005-01-14&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - SuppNotes - Availability: American Meteorological Society, 45 Beacon St., Boston, MA 02108-3693, USA; phone: 617 227 2426; fax: 617 742 8718; URL: www.ametsoc.org N1 - Last updated - 2010-05-03 ER - TY - CPAPER T1 - Impact of Ekman transport on ENSO-induced SST anomalies AN - 39857979; 3904453 AU - Alexander, MA AU - Scott, J Y1 - 2005/01/14/ PY - 2005 DA - 2005 Jan 14 KW - CPI, Conference Papers Index KW - U 5500:Geoscience UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/39857979?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Acpi&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=conference&rft.jtitle=&rft.atitle=Impact+of+Ekman+transport+on+ENSO-induced+SST+anomalies&rft.au=Alexander%2C+MA%3BScott%2C+J&rft.aulast=Alexander&rft.aufirst=MA&rft.date=2005-01-14&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - SuppNotes - Availability: American Meteorological Society, 45 Beacon St., Boston, MA 02108-3693, USA; phone: 617 227 2426; fax: 617 742 8718; URL: www.ametsoc.org N1 - Last updated - 2010-05-03 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Tularemia associated with a hamster bite--Colorado, 2004. AN - 67344505; 15635290 AB - In April 2004, the Colorado Department of Public Health and Environment (CDPHE) was notified about a boy aged 3 years with diagnosed tularemia associated with a hamster bite. Tularemia has not been associated previously with pet hamsters. CDPHE conducted an investigation to determine whether other owners of hamsters were at risk. Clinicians and public health officials should be aware that pet hamsters are a potential source of tularemia. JF - MMWR. Morbidity and mortality weekly report AU - Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) AD - Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) Y1 - 2005/01/07/ PY - 2005 DA - 2005 Jan 07 SP - 1202 EP - 1203 VL - 53 IS - 51 KW - Index Medicus KW - Animals KW - Humans KW - Francisella tularensis -- isolation & purification KW - Bites and Stings KW - Colorado KW - Male KW - Cricetinae KW - Child, Preschool KW - Tularemia -- diagnosis KW - Tularemia -- transmission UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/67344505?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=MMWR.+Morbidity+and+mortality+weekly+report&rft.atitle=Tularemia+associated+with+a+hamster+bite--Colorado%2C+2004.&rft.au=Centers+for+Disease+Control+and+Prevention+%28CDC%29&rft.aulast=Centers+for+Disease+Control+and+Prevention+%28CDC%29&rft.aufirst=&rft.date=2005-01-07&rft.volume=53&rft.issue=51&rft.spage=1202&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=MMWR.+Morbidity+and+mortality+weekly+report&rft.issn=1545-861X&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 2005-02-02 N1 - Date created - 2005-01-06 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Fatal rat-bite fever--Florida and Washington, 2003. AN - 67340450; 15635289 AB - Rat-bite fever (RBF) is a rare, systemic illness caused by infection with Streptobacillus moniliformis. RBF has a case-fatality rate of 7%-10% among untreated patients. S. moniliformis is commonly found in the nasal and oropharyngeal flora of rats. Human infection can result from a bite or scratch from an infected or colonized rat, handling of an infected rat, or ingestion of food or water contaminated with infected rat excreta. An abrupt onset of fever, myalgias, arthralgias, vomiting, and headache typically occurs within 2-10 days of exposure and is usually followed by a maculopapular rash on the extremities. This report summarizes the clinical course and exposure history of two rapidly fatal cases of RBF identified by the CDC Unexplained Deaths and Critical Illnesses (UNEX) Project in 2003. These cases underscore the importance of 1) including RBF in the differential diagnoses of acutely ill patients with reported rat exposures and 2) preventing zoonotic infections among persons with occupational or recreational exposure to rats. JF - MMWR. Morbidity and mortality weekly report AU - Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) AD - Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) Y1 - 2005/01/07/ PY - 2005 DA - 2005 Jan 07 SP - 1198 EP - 1202 VL - 53 IS - 51 KW - Index Medicus KW - Rats KW - Occupational Exposure KW - Fatal Outcome KW - Animals KW - Washington KW - Diagnosis, Differential KW - Humans KW - Adult KW - Middle Aged KW - Bites and Stings KW - Florida KW - Female KW - Streptobacillus -- isolation & purification KW - Rat-Bite Fever -- transmission KW - Rat-Bite Fever -- diagnosis UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/67340450?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=MMWR.+Morbidity+and+mortality+weekly+report&rft.atitle=Fatal+rat-bite+fever--Florida+and+Washington%2C+2003.&rft.au=Centers+for+Disease+Control+and+Prevention+%28CDC%29&rft.aulast=Centers+for+Disease+Control+and+Prevention+%28CDC%29&rft.aufirst=&rft.date=2005-01-07&rft.volume=53&rft.issue=51&rft.spage=1198&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=MMWR.+Morbidity+and+mortality+weekly+report&rft.issn=1545-861X&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 2005-02-02 N1 - Date created - 2005-01-06 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Asymmetric and Axisymmetric Constant Curvature Liquid-Gas Interfaces in Pulmonary Airways AN - 831180208; 13867021 AB - Airway closure and gas trapping can occur during lung deflation and inflation when fluid menisci form across the lumina of respiratory passageways. Previous analyses of the behavior of liquid in airways have assumed that the airway is completely wetted or that the contact angle of the liquid-gas interface with the airway wall is 0 super(), and thus that the airway fluid forms an axisymmetric surface. However, some investigators have suggested that liquid in the airways is discontinuous and that contact angles can be as high as 67 super(). In this study we consider the characteristics of constant curvature surfaces that could form a stable liquid-gas interface in a cylindrical airway. Our analysis suggests that, for small liquid volumes, asymmetric droplets are more likely to form than axisymmetric toroids. In addition, if the fluid contact angle is greater than 13 super(), asymmetric droplets can sustain larger liquid volumes than axisymmetric toroids before collapsing to form menisci. These results suggest that (1) fluid formations other than axisymmetric toroids could occur in the airways; and (2) the analysis of the behavior of fluids and the development of liquid menisci within the lungs should include the potential role of asymmetric droplets. JF - Annals of Biomedical Engineering AU - Lindsley, William G AU - Collicott, Steven H AU - Franz, Gunter N AU - Stolarik, Brian AU - McKinney, Walter AU - Frazer, David G AD - Health Effects Laboratory Division, National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, 1095 Willowdale Road, Morgantown, 26505, WV, wlindsley@cdc.gov Y1 - 2005/01// PY - 2005 DA - Jan 2005 SP - 365 EP - 375 PB - Springer-Verlag, Tiergartenstrasse 17 Heidelberg 69121 Germany VL - 33 IS - 3 SN - 0090-6964, 0090-6964 KW - Biotechnology and Bioengineering Abstracts KW - Lung KW - Trapping KW - Respiratory tract KW - W 30965:Miscellaneous, Reviews UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/831180208?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Abiotechresearch&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Annals+of+Biomedical+Engineering&rft.atitle=Asymmetric+and+Axisymmetric+Constant+Curvature+Liquid-Gas+Interfaces+in+Pulmonary+Airways&rft.au=Lindsley%2C+William+G%3BCollicott%2C+Steven+H%3BFranz%2C+Gunter+N%3BStolarik%2C+Brian%3BMcKinney%2C+Walter%3BFrazer%2C+David+G&rft.aulast=Lindsley&rft.aufirst=William&rft.date=2005-01-01&rft.volume=33&rft.issue=3&rft.spage=365&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Annals+of+Biomedical+Engineering&rft.issn=00906964&rft_id=info:doi/10.1007%2Fs10439-005-1739-5 LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2012-03-01 N1 - Last updated - 2015-03-19 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Lung; Trapping; Respiratory tract DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10439-005-1739-5 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Changes in blood trihalomethane concentrations resulting from differences in water quality and water use activities. AN - 70186315; 16961003 AB - Water disinfection is extremely important for the protection of public health; however, it also forms by-products, including trihalomethanes (THMs). Previous studies of health effects from disinfection by-products have lacked accurate methods to quantify exposure over time. As a first step in establishing a better system for exposure assessment, the authors investigated which household water use activities cause a significant increase in internal dose concentrations of THMs. In this study, 7 subjects in 2 different cities carried out 12 common activities that involved water use. In 3 of these activities-bathing, showering, and washing dishes by hand-the blood concentrations of THMs increased substantially. Further analysis of the data suggested that tap water concentrations primarily controlled the blood concentrations from bathing exposure, whereas tap water concentrations and ambient air concentrations resulting from water use affected the blood concentrations from showering exposure. Further studies will focus on variables in these activities that can alter exposure. JF - Archives of environmental & occupational health AU - Ashley, David L AU - Blount, Benjamin C AU - Singer, Philip C AU - Depaz, Erika AU - Wilkes, Charles AU - Gordon, Sydney AU - Lyu, Christopher AU - Masters, John AD - Emergency Response and Air Toxicants Branch, Division of Laboratory Sciences, National Center for Environmental Health, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA 30341, USA. dla1@cdc.gov PY - 2005 SP - 7 EP - 15 VL - 60 IS - 1 SN - 1933-8244, 1933-8244 KW - Trihalomethanes KW - 0 KW - Water Pollutants, Chemical KW - Abridged Index Medicus KW - Index Medicus KW - Water Supply -- analysis KW - Dose-Response Relationship, Drug KW - Humans KW - Adult KW - Trihalomethanes -- blood KW - Fresh Water -- chemistry KW - Water Pollutants, Chemical -- analysis KW - Water Pollutants, Chemical -- toxicity KW - Water Purification -- methods UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/70186315?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Archives+of+environmental+%26+occupational+health&rft.atitle=Changes+in+blood+trihalomethane+concentrations+resulting+from+differences+in+water+quality+and+water+use+activities.&rft.au=Ashley%2C+David+L%3BBlount%2C+Benjamin+C%3BSinger%2C+Philip+C%3BDepaz%2C+Erika%3BWilkes%2C+Charles%3BGordon%2C+Sydney%3BLyu%2C+Christopher%3BMasters%2C+John&rft.aulast=Ashley&rft.aufirst=David&rft.date=2005-01-01&rft.volume=60&rft.issue=1&rft.spage=7&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Archives+of+environmental+%26+occupational+health&rft.issn=19338244&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 2006-09-28 N1 - Date created - 2006-09-11 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Alcohol-impaired drivers: reducing the risk for children. AN - 70167684; 16689159 JF - The Journal of law, medicine & ethics : a journal of the American Society of Law, Medicine & Ethics AU - Shults, Ruth AU - Ellinger, Nick AU - Wyss, Thomas AD - Motor Vehicle Injury Prevention Team, Division of Unintentional Injury Prevention, National Center for Injury Prevention and Control, CDC, Atlanta, GA, USA. Y1 - 2005 PY - 2005 DA - 2005 SP - 49 EP - 52 VL - 33 IS - 4 Suppl SN - 1073-1105, 1073-1105 KW - Health technology assessment KW - United States KW - Risk KW - Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (U.S.) KW - Humans KW - Adult KW - Child KW - Alcoholic Intoxication -- diagnosis KW - Child Mortality KW - Accidents, Traffic -- mortality KW - Law Enforcement KW - Public Health -- legislation & jurisprudence KW - Automobile Driving -- legislation & jurisprudence KW - Criminal Law KW - Accidents, Traffic -- prevention & control UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/70167684?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Journal+of+law%2C+medicine+%26+ethics+%3A+a+journal+of+the+American+Society+of+Law%2C+Medicine+%26+Ethics&rft.atitle=Alcohol-impaired+drivers%3A+reducing+the+risk+for+children.&rft.au=Shults%2C+Ruth%3BEllinger%2C+Nick%3BWyss%2C+Thomas&rft.aulast=Shults&rft.aufirst=Ruth&rft.date=2005-01-01&rft.volume=33&rft.issue=4+Suppl&rft.spage=49&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=The+Journal+of+law%2C+medicine+%26+ethics+%3A+a+journal+of+the+American+Society+of+Law%2C+Medicine+%26+Ethics&rft.issn=10731105&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 2008-01-18 N1 - Date created - 2006-05-12 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Childhood immunization: exemptions and vaccine safety. AN - 70167679; 16689155 JF - The Journal of law, medicine & ethics : a journal of the American Society of Law, Medicine & Ethics AU - Wharton, Melinda AU - Hogan, Rick AU - Segal-Freeman, Patricia AD - Epidemiology and Surveillance Division, National Immunization Program, CDC, Atlanta, GA, USA. Y1 - 2005 PY - 2005 DA - 2005 SP - 34 EP - 37 VL - 33 IS - 4 Suppl SN - 1073-1105, 1073-1105 KW - Thimerosal KW - 2225PI3MOV KW - Health technology assessment KW - United States KW - Thimerosal -- adverse effects KW - Policy Making KW - History, 20th Century KW - History, 21st Century KW - Schools -- legislation & jurisprudence KW - Humans KW - Chickenpox -- prevention & control KW - History, 19th Century KW - Child KW - Smallpox -- prevention & control KW - State Government KW - Supreme Court Decisions KW - Vaccination -- history KW - Child Health Services -- legislation & jurisprudence KW - Immunization Programs -- history KW - Vaccination -- legislation & jurisprudence KW - Public Health Administration -- legislation & jurisprudence KW - Vaccination -- adverse effects KW - Immunization Programs -- legislation & jurisprudence KW - Public Health Administration -- history UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/70167679?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Journal+of+law%2C+medicine+%26+ethics+%3A+a+journal+of+the+American+Society+of+Law%2C+Medicine+%26+Ethics&rft.atitle=Childhood+immunization%3A+exemptions+and+vaccine+safety.&rft.au=Wharton%2C+Melinda%3BHogan%2C+Rick%3BSegal-Freeman%2C+Patricia&rft.aulast=Wharton&rft.aufirst=Melinda&rft.date=2005-01-01&rft.volume=33&rft.issue=4+Suppl&rft.spage=34&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=The+Journal+of+law%2C+medicine+%26+ethics+%3A+a+journal+of+the+American+Society+of+Law%2C+Medicine+%26+Ethics&rft.issn=10731105&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 2008-01-18 N1 - Date created - 2006-05-12 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Creating a vaccine adverse event ontology for public health. AN - 70159515; 16779265 AB - Creation of an ontology for Adverse Events Following Immunization (AEFI) can help immunization stakeholders better understand adverse events. Moreover, it enables the sharing and reuse of machine-readable knowledge and enhances surveillance systems. Linkage of this knowledge base to controlled vocabularies establishes the foundation for integration of information from different applications. This work describes the framework for ontology creation, the collaborative work supporting it and the overall mission of informatics to bridge organizations and enable knowledge sharing. JF - AMIA ... Annual Symposium proceedings. AMIA Symposium AU - Herman, Tolentino D AU - Liu, Fang AU - Sagaram, Deepak AU - Raoul, Kamadjeu AU - Fontelo, Paul AU - Kohl, Katrin AU - Payne, Daniel AD - Bacterial Vaccine-Preventable Disease Branch, ESD, NIP, CDC, Atlanta, GA, USA 30333. Y1 - 2005 PY - 2005 DA - 2005 SP - 978 KW - Vaccines KW - 0 KW - Index Medicus KW - Public Health KW - Unified Medical Language System KW - Humans KW - Immunization -- adverse effects KW - Vaccines -- adverse effects KW - Adverse Drug Reaction Reporting Systems KW - Vocabulary, Controlled UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/70159515?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=AMIA+...+Annual+Symposium+proceedings.+AMIA+Symposium&rft.atitle=Creating+a+vaccine+adverse+event+ontology+for+public+health.&rft.au=Herman%2C+Tolentino+D%3BLiu%2C+Fang%3BSagaram%2C+Deepak%3BRaoul%2C+Kamadjeu%3BFontelo%2C+Paul%3BKohl%2C+Katrin%3BPayne%2C+Daniel&rft.aulast=Herman&rft.aufirst=Tolentino&rft.date=2005-01-01&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=978&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=AMIA+...+Annual+Symposium+proceedings.+AMIA+Symposium&rft.issn=1942-597X&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 2007-02-15 N1 - Date created - 2006-06-16 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Injuries to youth living on U.S. farms in 2001 with comparison to 1998. AN - 70158612; 16702120 AB - To obtain sustained injury surveillance data for youth on farms, the National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health developed the Childhood Agricultural Injury Survey (CAIS) in collaboration with the U.S. Department of Agriculture. The first CAIS collected data for youth less than 20 years in 1998 through a regionally stratified telephone survey of 50,000 U.S. farm households; a second CAIS for 2001 was conducted using the same methodology. In 2001, there were approximately 1.2 million youth living on U.S. farms. These youth suffered an estimated 19,397 injuries (15.7/1,000 household youth). Approximately 60% (11,571) of the household youth injuries were to males. For all household youth, 10-15 year olds experienced the most injuries (49%, 9,486). In addition to providing estimates of demographics, injuries, and injury rates for household youth from the 2001 CAIS, this article provides a comparison to results from the 1998 CAIS. The number of household youth injuries on farms from 1998 to 2001 decreased by almost 30% (27,321 vs. 19,397). The results of this study show an overall decrease in the injury rate for youth living on the farm from 1998 to 2001 (18.8/1,000 household youth vs. 15.7/1,000 household youth). However, there was a considerable increase in the number of injuries to household females less than 20 years of age during this same time period. There was also an increase in the number of all terrain vehicle (ATV) and horse-related injuries. Continued surveillance is needed to assess if these are significant trends or the result of changing farm demographics. JF - Journal of agromedicine AU - Hendricks, Kitty J AU - Layne, Larry A AU - Goldcamp, E Michael AU - Myers, John R AD - Division of Safety Research, Surveillance and Field Investigations Branch, National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, 1095 Willowdale Rd, Morgantown, WV 26505, USA. khendricks@cdc.gov Y1 - 2005 PY - 2005 DA - 2005 SP - 19 EP - 26 VL - 10 IS - 4 SN - 1059-924X, 1059-924X KW - Index Medicus KW - Animals KW - Age Factors KW - Sex Factors KW - Humans KW - Adult KW - Horses KW - Child KW - Adolescent KW - United States -- epidemiology KW - Accidents, Occupational KW - Male KW - Female KW - Agriculture KW - Wounds and Injuries -- epidemiology KW - Occupational Health -- statistics & numerical data KW - Occupational Exposure -- adverse effects KW - Motor Vehicles UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/70158612?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+agromedicine&rft.atitle=Injuries+to+youth+living+on+U.S.+farms+in+2001+with+comparison+to+1998.&rft.au=Hendricks%2C+Kitty+J%3BLayne%2C+Larry+A%3BGoldcamp%2C+E+Michael%3BMyers%2C+John+R&rft.aulast=Hendricks&rft.aufirst=Kitty&rft.date=2005-01-01&rft.volume=10&rft.issue=4&rft.spage=19&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+agromedicine&rft.issn=1059924X&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 2006-08-22 N1 - Date created - 2006-05-16 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - SuppNotes - Comment In: J Agromedicine. 2005;10(4):3-4 [16702117] N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Pilot study on the impact of potato chips consumption on biomarkers of acrylamide exposure. AN - 69089688; 16438291 AB - Food is assumed to be one major source of acrylamide exposure in the general population. Acrylamide exposure is usually assessed by measuring hemoglobin adducts of acrylamide and its primary metabolite glycidamide as biomarkers. Little is known about the impact of acrylamide in food on biomarkers of acrylamide exposure. Therefore, CDC is conducting a feeding study to investigate the effect of consumption of endogenous acrylamide in food on biomarkers of acrylamide exposure. As part of this study, we performed a pilot study to obtain further information on the magnitude of the changes in biomarker levels after consumption of high amounts of potato chips (21 ounces) over a short period of time (1 week) in non-smokers. After 1 week, biomarkers levels increased up to 46% for acrylamide adducts and 79% for glycidamide adducts. The results indicate that changes in biomarker levels due to consumption of potato chips can be detected. However, because of the design of this pilot study, the observed magnitude of change cannot be. generalized and needs to be confirmed in the main study. JF - Advances in experimental medicine and biology AU - Vesper, Hubert W AU - Licea-Perez, Hermes AU - Meyers, Tunde AU - Ospina, Maria AU - Myers, Gary L AD - National Center for Environmental Health, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, 477 Buford Hwy NE MS F25, Atlanta, GA 30341, USA. HVesper@cdc.gov Y1 - 2005 PY - 2005 DA - 2005 SP - 89 EP - 96 VL - 561 SN - 0065-2598, 0065-2598 KW - Biomarkers KW - 0 KW - Epoxy Compounds KW - Hemoglobins KW - Acrylamide KW - 20R035KLCI KW - glycidamide KW - 6G5ELX5XYN KW - Index Medicus KW - Epoxy Compounds -- analysis KW - Mass Spectrometry KW - Reproducibility of Results KW - Food Analysis KW - Humans KW - Pilot Projects KW - Solanum tuberosum KW - Adult KW - Chromatography, Liquid KW - Food Contamination KW - Epoxy Compounds -- toxicity KW - Hemoglobins -- chemistry KW - Adolescent KW - Time Factors KW - Biomarkers -- chemistry KW - Acrylamide -- toxicity KW - Acrylamide -- analysis UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/69089688?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Advances+in+experimental+medicine+and+biology&rft.atitle=Pilot+study+on+the+impact+of+potato+chips+consumption+on+biomarkers+of+acrylamide+exposure.&rft.au=Vesper%2C+Hubert+W%3BLicea-Perez%2C+Hermes%3BMeyers%2C+Tunde%3BOspina%2C+Maria%3BMyers%2C+Gary+L&rft.aulast=Vesper&rft.aufirst=Hubert&rft.date=2005-01-01&rft.volume=561&rft.issue=&rft.spage=89&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Advances+in+experimental+medicine+and+biology&rft.issn=00652598&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 2006-02-27 N1 - Date created - 2006-01-27 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - LC/MS/MS method for the analysis of acrylamide and glycidamide hemoglobin adducts. AN - 69089269; 16438292 AB - Hemoglobin adducts of acrylamide and its primary metabolite, glycidamide are used as biomarkers of acrylamide exposure. Several methods for analyzing these biomarkers in blood have been described previously. These methods were developed to analyze small numbers of samples, not the high sample throughput that is needed in population screening. Obtaining data on exposure of the US population to acrylamide through food and other sources is important to initiate appropriate public health activities. As part of the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention biomonitoring activities, we developed a high throughput liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry (LC/MS/MS) method for hemoglobin adducts of acrylamide. The LC/MS/MS method consists of using the Edman reaction and isolating the reaction products by protein precipitation and solid-phase extraction (SPE). Quantitation is achieved by using stable-isotope labeled peptides as internal standards. The method is performed on an automated liquid handling and SPE system. It provides good sensitivity in the low-exposure range as assessed in pooled samples and enables differentiation between smokers and non smokers. JF - Advances in experimental medicine and biology AU - Ospina, Maria AU - Vesper, Hubert W AU - Licea-Perez, Hermes AU - Meyers, Tunde AU - Mi, Luchuan AU - Myers, Gary AD - National Center for Environmental Health, Center for Disease Control and Prevention, 477 Buford Highway, MS-F25, Atlanta, GA 30341, USA. MOspina@cdc.gov Y1 - 2005 PY - 2005 DA - 2005 SP - 97 EP - 107 VL - 561 SN - 0065-2598, 0065-2598 KW - Hemoglobins KW - 0 KW - Peptides KW - Proteins KW - Acrylamide KW - 20R035KLCI KW - Chlorpropamide KW - WTM2C3IL2X KW - Index Medicus KW - Erythrocytes -- drug effects KW - Proteins -- chemistry KW - Dose-Response Relationship, Drug KW - Biochemistry -- methods KW - Humans KW - Peptides -- chemistry KW - Calibration KW - Models, Chemical KW - Hemoglobins -- chemistry KW - Quality Control KW - Chromatography, Liquid -- methods KW - Chlorpropamide -- toxicity KW - Mass Spectrometry -- methods KW - Acrylamide -- toxicity KW - Chlorpropamide -- analysis KW - Acrylamide -- analysis UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/69089269?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Advances+in+experimental+medicine+and+biology&rft.atitle=LC%2FMS%2FMS+method+for+the+analysis+of+acrylamide+and+glycidamide+hemoglobin+adducts.&rft.au=Ospina%2C+Maria%3BVesper%2C+Hubert+W%3BLicea-Perez%2C+Hermes%3BMeyers%2C+Tunde%3BMi%2C+Luchuan%3BMyers%2C+Gary&rft.aulast=Ospina&rft.aufirst=Maria&rft.date=2005-01-01&rft.volume=561&rft.issue=&rft.spage=97&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Advances+in+experimental+medicine+and+biology&rft.issn=00652598&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 2006-02-27 N1 - Date created - 2006-01-27 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Bremsstrahlung doses from natural uranium ingots. AN - 69047657; 16381733 AB - In the past, some privately owned commercial facilities in the United States were involved in producing or processing radioactive materials used in the production of atomic weapons. Seven different geometrical objects, representative of the configurations of natural uranium metal potentially encountered by workers at these facilities, are modelled to determine gamma ray and bremsstrahlung dose rates. The dose rates are calculated using the MCNP5 code and also by using the MICROSHIELD point-kernel code. Both gamma ray and bremsstrahlung dose rates are calculated and combined to obtain a total dose rate. The two methods were found to be in good agreement despite differences in modelling assumptions and method differences. Computed total dose rates on the surface of these objects ranged from approximately 51-84 microSv h(-1) and 17-95 microSv h(-1) using the MCNP5 and the MICROSHIELD modeling, respectively. The partitioning of the computed dose rates between gamma rays and bremsstrahlung were the same order of magnitude for each object. JF - Radiation protection dosimetry AU - Anderson, Jeri L AU - Hertel, Nolan E AD - National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, 4676 Columbia Parkway, Cincinnati, OH 45226, USA. JLAnderson@cdc.gov Y1 - 2005 PY - 2005 DA - 2005 SP - 298 EP - 301 VL - 115 IS - 1-4 SN - 0144-8420, 0144-8420 KW - Uranium KW - 4OC371KSTK KW - Index Medicus KW - Radiation Dosage KW - Computer Simulation KW - Photons KW - Gamma Rays KW - Risk Factors KW - Nuclear Warfare KW - Humans KW - Radiation Protection -- methods KW - Radiation Monitoring -- methods KW - Models, Statistical KW - Risk Assessment -- methods KW - Uranium -- analysis KW - Nuclear Reactors KW - Occupational Exposure -- analysis UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/69047657?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Radiation+protection+dosimetry&rft.atitle=Bremsstrahlung+doses+from+natural+uranium+ingots.&rft.au=Anderson%2C+Jeri+L%3BHertel%2C+Nolan+E&rft.aulast=Anderson&rft.aufirst=Jeri&rft.date=2005-01-01&rft.volume=115&rft.issue=1-4&rft.spage=298&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Radiation+protection+dosimetry&rft.issn=01448420&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 2006-03-07 N1 - Date created - 2005-12-29 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Unique occupational hazards of Alaska: animal-related injuries. AN - 68912617; 16366198 AB - During 1992-2000, an average of 40 fatal occupational injuries and 12,400 nonfatal occupational injuries and illnesses related to animals were recorded each year in the United States, most involving domestic farm animals. Although Alaska has a relatively small farming industry, it supports several industries that require workers to regularly be in contact with animals. This study examines the pattern and characteristics of animal-related occupational injuries in Alaska. Two data sources were accessed: the Alaska Trauma Registry for nonfatal injuries requiring hospitalization and the Alaska Occupational Injury Surveillance System for fatal injuries. The case definition included events in which the source of the injury was an animal or animal product (Occupational Injury and Illness Classification Manual source code 51). In Alaska during 1991-2000, there were 43 animal-related occupational injuries requiring hospitalization and 25 animal-related fatalities. There were only 2 fatal events: 1 bird-strike aircraft accident killing 24 military personnel and 1 bear attack. The majority of the nonfatal injury events were related to marine wildlife (n = 20), with the rest related to either domesticated (n = 11) or nondomesticated (n = 12) mammals. Of events reporting a hospital charge (23 of 43), the average cost was over dollar 9700 per person. The catastrophic aircraft crash increased bird-control efforts near airports around the state. The nonfatal animal-related injuries have received less notice, although they result in thousands of dollars in hospital costs and lost workdays. Fishing-industry workers in particular should be made aware of potential injuries and educated on how to treat them when away from definitive medical care. JF - Wilderness & environmental medicine AU - Mode, Nicolle A AU - Hackett, Elizabeth J AU - Conway, George A AD - Alaska Field Station, National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Anchorage, AK 99508, USA. nmode@cdc.gov Y1 - 2005 PY - 2005 DA - 2005 SP - 185 EP - 191 VL - 16 IS - 4 SN - 1080-6032, 1080-6032 KW - Index Medicus KW - Registries KW - Animals KW - Hospitalization KW - Risk Factors KW - Humans KW - Accidents, Aviation -- mortality KW - Alaska KW - Aggression KW - Cause of Death KW - Wounds and Injuries -- epidemiology KW - Ursidae KW - Accidents, Occupational -- statistics & numerical data KW - Birds KW - Accidents, Occupational -- mortality KW - Wounds and Injuries -- mortality KW - Behavior, Animal KW - Population Surveillance UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/68912617?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Wilderness+%26+environmental+medicine&rft.atitle=Unique+occupational+hazards+of+Alaska%3A+animal-related+injuries.&rft.au=Mode%2C+Nicolle+A%3BHackett%2C+Elizabeth+J%3BConway%2C+George+A&rft.aulast=Mode&rft.aufirst=Nicolle&rft.date=2005-01-01&rft.volume=16&rft.issue=4&rft.spage=185&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Wilderness+%26+environmental+medicine&rft.issn=10806032&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 2006-03-13 N1 - Date created - 2005-12-21 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Analysis of non-fatal and fatal injury rates for mine operator and contractor employees and the influence of work location. AN - 68873739; 16300792 AB - Mining injury surveillance data are used as the basis for assessing the severity of injuries among operator and contractor employees in the underground and surface mining of various minerals. Injury rates during 1983-2002 derived from Mine Safety and Health Administration (MSHA) database are analyzed using the negative binomial regression model. The logarithmic mean injury rate is expressed as a linear function of seven indicator variables representing Non-Coal Contractor, Metal Operator, Non Metal Operator, Stone Operator, Sand and Gravel Operator, Coal Contractor, and Work Location, and a continuous variable, RelYear, representing the relative year starting with 1983 as the base year. Based on the model, the mean injury rate declined at a 1.69% annual rate, and the mean injury rate for work on the surface is 52.53% lower compared to the rate for work in the underground. With reference to the Coal Operator mean injury rate: the Non-Coal Contractor rate is 30.34% lower, the Metal Operator rate is 27.18% lower, the Non-Metal Operator rate is 37.51% lower, the Stone Operator rate is 23.44% lower, the Sand and Gravel Operator rate is 16.45% lower, and the Coal Contractor rate is 1.41% lower. Fatality rates during the same 20 year period are analyzed similarly using Poisson regression model. Based on this model, the mean fatality rate declined at a 3.17% annual rate, and the rate for work on the surface is 64.3% lower compared to the rate for work in the underground. With reference to the Coal Operator mean fatality rate: the Non-Coal Contractor rate is 234.81% higher, the Metal Operator rate is 5.79% lower, the Non-Metal Operator rate is 47.36% lower, the Stone Operator rate is 8.29% higher, the Sand and Gravel Operator rate is 60.32% higher, and the Coal Contractor rate is 129.54% higher. JF - Journal of safety research AU - Karra, Vijia K AD - National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, Pittsburgh Research Laboratory, Cochrans Mill Road, P.O. Box 18070, Pittsburgh, PA 15236, USA. vkarra@cdc.gov Y1 - 2005 PY - 2005 DA - 2005 SP - 413 EP - 421 VL - 36 IS - 5 SN - 0022-4375, 0022-4375 KW - Index Medicus KW - Regression Analysis KW - Humans KW - Databases as Topic KW - Models, Statistical KW - United States -- epidemiology KW - Wounds and Injuries -- epidemiology KW - Accidents, Occupational -- statistics & numerical data KW - Mining KW - Accidents, Occupational -- mortality KW - Wounds and Injuries -- mortality UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/68873739?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+safety+research&rft.atitle=Analysis+of+non-fatal+and+fatal+injury+rates+for+mine+operator+and+contractor+employees+and+the+influence+of+work+location.&rft.au=Karra%2C+Vijia+K&rft.aulast=Karra&rft.aufirst=Vijia&rft.date=2005-01-01&rft.volume=36&rft.issue=5&rft.spage=413&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+safety+research&rft.issn=00224375&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 2006-07-25 N1 - Date created - 2005-12-07 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Computer simulations help determine safe vertical boom speeds for roof bolting in underground coal mines. AN - 68751604; 16229858 AB - Incident investigation reports do not usually contain enough information to aid in studying boom arm vertical speed for roof bolting machines to determine the impact that appendage speed had on an operator's risk of experiencing a contact. Laboratory experiments with human subjects are also not feasible because of safety and ethical issues. Researchers successfully developed a three-dimensional computer model that uses virtual human simulation software as the primary means to gather contact data when the boom arm touches the operator's hand, arm, head, or leg. Data analysis of roof bolter simulations shows that the speed of the boom arm is the most important factor in determining the risk of an operator making contact. Regardless of other variables, contact incidents were always greater when the bolter arm was moving up, greater on the hand, and greater for the boom arm part of the machine. The reason why the subject experiences more contacts when the boom arm is moving up rather than down is that more risky behaviors occur during drilling and bolting when the boom arm is ascending. Based on the data collected, boom speeds greater than 13 in/sec result in a substantial increase in risk to the roof bolter operator of making contact. Speeds less than or equal to 13 in/sec are associated with a more modest relative risk of making contact, which represents a decrease in potential hazard. The use of such information can be quite helpful in making recommendations to machine design and task procedures to reduce the likelihood that roof bolter operators will experience injury due to contact with a moving roof bolting machine's boom arm. JF - Journal of safety research AU - Ambrose, Dean H AU - Bartels, John R AU - Kwitowski, August J AU - Gallagher, Sean AU - Battenhouse, Thomas R AD - National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, Pittsburgh Research Laboratory, Pittsburgh, PA 15236, United States. DAmbrose@cdc.gov Y1 - 2005 PY - 2005 DA - 2005 SP - 387 EP - 397 VL - 36 IS - 4 SN - 0022-4375, 0022-4375 KW - Index Medicus KW - Motion KW - Humans KW - Wounds and Injuries -- prevention & control KW - User-Computer Interface KW - Posture KW - Coal Mining -- manpower KW - Computer Simulation KW - Coal Mining -- instrumentation KW - Construction Materials -- adverse effects KW - Safety KW - Facility Design and Construction KW - Accidents, Occupational UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/68751604?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+safety+research&rft.atitle=Computer+simulations+help+determine+safe+vertical+boom+speeds+for+roof+bolting+in+underground+coal+mines.&rft.au=Ambrose%2C+Dean+H%3BBartels%2C+John+R%3BKwitowski%2C+August+J%3BGallagher%2C+Sean%3BBattenhouse%2C+Thomas+R&rft.aulast=Ambrose&rft.aufirst=Dean&rft.date=2005-01-01&rft.volume=36&rft.issue=4&rft.spage=387&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+safety+research&rft.issn=00224375&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 2006-01-26 N1 - Date created - 2005-10-31 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Height effects in real and virtual environments. AN - 68604009; 16170948 AB - The study compared human perceptions of height, danger, and anxiety, as well as skin conductance and heart rate responses and postural instability effects, in real and virtual height environments. The 24 participants (12 men, 12 women), whose average age was 23.6 years, performed "lean-over-the-railing" and standing tasks on real and comparable virtual balconies, using a surround-screen virtual reality (SSVR) system. The results indicate that the virtual display of elevation provided realistic perceptual experience and induced some physiological responses and postural instability effects comparable to those found in a real environment. It appears that a simulation of elevated work environment in a SSVR system, although with reduced visual fidelity, is a valid tool for safety research. Potential applications of this study include the design of virtual environments that will help in safe evaluation of human performance at elevation, identification of risk factors leading to fall incidents, and assessment of new fall prevention strategies. JF - Human factors AU - Simeonov, Peter I AU - Hsiao, Hongwei AU - Dotson, Brian W AU - Ammons, Douglas E AD - National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, Morgantown, West Virginia, USA. psimeonov@cdc.gov Y1 - 2005 PY - 2005 DA - 2005 SP - 430 EP - 438 VL - 47 IS - 2 SN - 0018-7208, 0018-7208 KW - Index Medicus KW - Space life sciences KW - Postural Balance KW - Human Engineering KW - Analysis of Variance KW - Reproducibility of Results KW - Humans KW - Adult KW - Anxiety -- physiopathology KW - Male KW - Female KW - Accidents, Occupational -- prevention & control KW - Computer Simulation KW - Accidental Falls -- prevention & control KW - User-Computer Interface KW - Depth Perception -- physiology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/68604009?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Human+factors&rft.atitle=Height+effects+in+real+and+virtual+environments.&rft.au=Simeonov%2C+Peter+I%3BHsiao%2C+Hongwei%3BDotson%2C+Brian+W%3BAmmons%2C+Douglas+E&rft.aulast=Simeonov&rft.aufirst=Peter&rft.date=2005-01-01&rft.volume=47&rft.issue=2&rft.spage=430&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Human+factors&rft.issn=00187208&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 2005-10-13 N1 - Date created - 2005-09-20 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Legionella pneumophila associated with the protozoan Hartmannella vermiformis in a model multi-species biofilm has reduced susceptibility to disinfectants. AN - 68031892; 16019386 AB - Legionella pneumophila will infect biofilm-associated protozoa, and in this way might be protected from disinfectants in potable water systems. A base biofilm containing Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Klebsiella pneumoniae, and Flavobacterium spp. was grown on steel coupons in potable water prior to the addition of L. pneumophila and the protozoan H. vermiformis. After 7 d, coupons were removed and treated with 0.5 mgl(-1) free residual chlorine (FRC) or 0.5 mgl(-1) monochloramine (MCA) for 15, 60, or 180 min or 24 h. In a second experiment, only L. pneumophila and the base biofilm organisms were present but with an identical treatment protocol. Treatment of L. pneumophila for 180 min in a system without H. vermiformis resulted in log reductions of 2.07 and 2.11 for FRC and MCA, respectively. When H. vermiformis was present, however, the treatment resulted in log reductions of 0.67 and 0.81 for FRC and MCA, respectively. A similar pattern was observed for 15 and 60 min contact times. These results indicate that L. pneumophila was less susceptible to MCA or FRC when associated with biofilm-associated H. vermiformis in a model potable water biofilm. JF - Biofouling AU - Donlan, R M AU - Forster, T AU - Murga, R AU - Brown, E AU - Lucas, C AU - Carpenter, J AU - Fields, B AD - Epidemiology and Laboratory Branch, Division of Healthcare Quality Promotion, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta 30333, USA. rld8@cdc.gov Y1 - 2005 PY - 2005 DA - 2005 SP - 1 EP - 7 VL - 21 IS - 1 SN - 0892-7014, 0892-7014 KW - Chloramines KW - 0 KW - Disinfectants KW - Chlorine KW - 4R7X1O2820 KW - chloramine KW - KW8K411A1P KW - Index Medicus KW - Ecosystem KW - Animals KW - Gram-Negative Bacteria -- growth & development KW - Bioreactors KW - Water Supply KW - Colony Count, Microbial KW - Water Microbiology KW - Gram-Negative Bacteria -- drug effects KW - Biofilms -- growth & development KW - Hartmannella -- microbiology KW - Biofilms -- drug effects KW - Hartmannella -- growth & development KW - Legionella pneumophila -- growth & development KW - Chlorine -- pharmacology KW - Legionella pneumophila -- drug effects KW - Disinfectants -- pharmacology KW - Chloramines -- pharmacology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/68031892?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Biofouling&rft.atitle=Legionella+pneumophila+associated+with+the+protozoan+Hartmannella+vermiformis+in+a+model+multi-species+biofilm+has+reduced+susceptibility+to+disinfectants.&rft.au=Donlan%2C+R+M%3BForster%2C+T%3BMurga%2C+R%3BBrown%2C+E%3BLucas%2C+C%3BCarpenter%2C+J%3BFields%2C+B&rft.aulast=Donlan&rft.aufirst=R&rft.date=2005-01-01&rft.volume=21&rft.issue=1&rft.spage=1&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Biofouling&rft.issn=08927014&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 2005-08-10 N1 - Date created - 2005-07-15 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Use of surrogate markers of biological agents in air and settled dust samples to evaluate a water-damaged hospital. AN - 67853764; 15910534 AB - An environmental survey was conducted in two hospital buildings in Montana, one of which had historical water incursion on the top floors and higher prevalence of reported respiratory symptoms that improved when the occupants were away from work. We measured culturable fungi and bacteria, fungal spores, endotoxin, and sub-micron particles in air; and culturable fungi and bacteria, endotoxin, markers of fungi (extra-cellular polysaccharides specific for Penicillium/Aspergillus, ergosterol, and beta(1-->3) glucans) and cat allergen in chair and floor dusts. For the analytes measured in air, the correlation coefficients ranged from 0.43 to 0.78 (P 3) glucan concentrations correlated with culturable fungi and ergosterol concentrations. We found that sub-micron particles and markers of microbiological agents, but not culturable microbiological agents, were significantly positively associated with the building that had both historical water damage and higher prevalence of reported respiratory symptoms. Chair dust measurements tended to be higher in the non-complaint building. These results suggest that air and floor dust measurements of marker compounds may be better indicators of current health risk in a water-damaged environment than chair dust measurements or measurements of culturable fungi or bacteria in air or settled dust. Detection and quantification of nonculture-based microbiological markers and/or agents of disease may be useful methods to assess microbial contamination and to more accurately evaluate microbial exposures in the indoor environment for exposure-response studies. JF - Indoor air AU - Rao, C Y AU - Cox-Ganser, J M AU - Chew, G L AU - Doekes, G AU - White, S AD - Division of Respiratory Disease Studies, National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, Morgantown, WV 26505, USA. cnr3@cdc.gov Y1 - 2005 PY - 2005 DA - 2005 SP - 89 EP - 97 VL - 15 Suppl 9 SN - 0905-6947, 0905-6947 KW - Air Pollutants, Occupational KW - 0 KW - Biomarkers KW - Dust KW - Endotoxins KW - Glucans KW - Index Medicus KW - Bacteria -- isolation & purification KW - Fungi -- isolation & purification KW - Data Collection KW - Air Microbiology KW - Endotoxins -- analysis KW - Glucans -- analysis KW - Montana KW - Dust -- analysis KW - Air Pollutants, Occupational -- analysis KW - Biomarkers -- analysis KW - Disasters KW - Hospitals UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/67853764?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Indoor+air&rft.atitle=Use+of+surrogate+markers+of+biological+agents+in+air+and+settled+dust+samples+to+evaluate+a+water-damaged+hospital.&rft.au=Rao%2C+C+Y%3BCox-Ganser%2C+J+M%3BChew%2C+G+L%3BDoekes%2C+G%3BWhite%2C+S&rft.aulast=Rao&rft.aufirst=C&rft.date=2005-01-01&rft.volume=15+Suppl+9&rft.issue=&rft.spage=89&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Indoor+air&rft.issn=09056947&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 2005-10-19 N1 - Date created - 2005-05-24 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - The production and characterization of monoclonal antibodies to the fungus Aspergillus versicolor. AN - 67852506; 15910525 AB - Fungal exposure measurements in indoor environments require accurate and precise monitoring methods. Such techniques may be based on monoclonal antibodies (Mabs) and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays (ELISA) and here we report the cross-reactivity patterns of Mabs produced against Aspergillus versicolor. Balb/c mice were immunized with the particulate fraction of homogenized spores and 46 Mabs (35 IgM, nine IgG3, two IgG1) were produced and tested for cross-reactivity against 55 fungal species. None of the Mabs was found to be species-specific for A. versicolor. Several Mabs strongly cross-reacted with most Aspergillus, Penicillium and Eurotium species and some Mabs also cross-reacted with Paecilomyces variotii and several Cladosporium and Stachybotrys species. Our results show that antibody responses in mice against spores of A. versicolor are dominated by highly cross-reactive antibodies of the IgM isotype. The widespread cross-reactivity suggests that the specificity of antibodies to be used for the detection of fungi in environmental samples need to be thoroughly characterized in order to avoid ambiguities in the interpretation of monitoring results. Furthermore, accurate estimates of spore concentrations may require the application of species-specific Mabs in order to avoid bias in result interpretation because of the differential reactivity of cross-reactive Mabs with different fungi. Producers of monoclonal or polyclonal antibodies for the detection of fungi in environmental or clinical samples need to verify antibody reactivity patterns and accurately report that information to potential users. Furthermore, immunoassays based on mouse or human serum or purified immunoglobulin fractions need to consider antibody cross-reactivity as a potential confounding factor during interpretation of results. JF - Indoor air AU - Schmechel, D AU - Simpson, J P AU - Lewis, D M AD - Health Effects Laboratory Division, National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Morgantown, WV 26505, USA. dschmechel@cdc.gov Y1 - 2005 PY - 2005 DA - 2005 SP - 11 EP - 19 VL - 15 Suppl 9 SN - 0905-6947, 0905-6947 KW - Antibodies, Monoclonal KW - 0 KW - Immunoglobulin Isotypes KW - Index Medicus KW - Animals KW - Air Pollution, Indoor -- analysis KW - Humans KW - Mice KW - Mice, Inbred BALB C KW - Species Specificity KW - Cross Reactions -- immunology KW - Immunoglobulin Isotypes -- metabolism KW - Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay -- methods KW - Aspergillus -- chemistry KW - Air Microbiology KW - Aspergillus -- immunology KW - Antibodies, Monoclonal -- immunology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/67852506?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Indoor+air&rft.atitle=The+production+and+characterization+of+monoclonal+antibodies+to+the+fungus+Aspergillus+versicolor.&rft.au=Schmechel%2C+D%3BSimpson%2C+J+P%3BLewis%2C+D+M&rft.aulast=Schmechel&rft.aufirst=D&rft.date=2005-01-01&rft.volume=15+Suppl+9&rft.issue=&rft.spage=11&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Indoor+air&rft.issn=09056947&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 2005-10-19 N1 - Date created - 2005-05-24 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Household youth on minority operated farms in the United States, 2000: exposures to and injuries from work, horses, ATVs and tractors. AN - 67829181; 15882873 AB - It is likely that youth living on minority operated farms (<3% of U.S. farms) face hazards similar to the general farm population; however, since minority youth are not well represented by general farm surveys, this information hasn't been confirmed. Nonfatal injury and exposure data were obtained from the 2000 Minority Farm Operator Childhood Agricultural Injury Survey (M-CAIS). On racial minority farms, there were an estimated 28,600 household youth. Of these, about 41% worked, 26% rode a horse, 23% drove an ATV, and 23% operated a tractor. On Hispanic farms, there were an estimated 17,998 household youth. Of these, 44% worked, 30% rode a horse, 27% drove an ATV, and 25% operated a tractor. These results show the value of conducting a survey of minorities to identify high risk groups and target issues that may be unique to the minority farm population. JF - Journal of safety research AU - Hendricks, Kitty J AU - Myers, John R AU - Layne, Larry A AU - Goldcamp, E Michael AD - National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, 1095 Willowdale Road, M/S 1808, Morgantown, WV 26505, USA. khendricks@cdc.gov Y1 - 2005 PY - 2005 DA - 2005 SP - 149 EP - 157 VL - 36 IS - 2 SN - 0022-4375, 0022-4375 KW - Index Medicus KW - Animals KW - Humans KW - Adult KW - Data Collection KW - Child KW - Adolescent KW - United States -- epidemiology KW - Male KW - Female KW - Agriculture KW - Off-Road Motor Vehicles KW - Wounds and Injuries -- epidemiology KW - Minority Groups KW - Wounds and Injuries -- etiology KW - Occupational Exposure -- adverse effects KW - Horses UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/67829181?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+safety+research&rft.atitle=Household+youth+on+minority+operated+farms+in+the+United+States%2C+2000%3A+exposures+to+and+injuries+from+work%2C+horses%2C+ATVs+and+tractors.&rft.au=Hendricks%2C+Kitty+J%3BMyers%2C+John+R%3BLayne%2C+Larry+A%3BGoldcamp%2C+E+Michael&rft.aulast=Hendricks&rft.aufirst=Kitty&rft.date=2005-01-01&rft.volume=36&rft.issue=2&rft.spage=149&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+safety+research&rft.issn=00224375&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 2005-07-27 N1 - Date created - 2005-05-17 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Exposure pathway evaluations for sites that processed asbestos-contaminated vermiculite. AN - 67813143; 15881979 AB - The Agency for Toxic Substances and Disease Registry (ATSDR) is currently evaluating the potential public health impacts associated with the processing of asbestos-contaminated vermiculite at various facilities around the country. Vermiculite ore contaminated with significant levels of asbestos was mined and milled in Libby, Montana, from the early 1920s until 1990. The majority of the Libby ore was then shipped to processing facilities for exfoliation. ATSDR initiated the National Asbestos Exposure Review (NAER) to identify and evaluate exposure pathways associated with these processing facilities. This manuscript details ATSDR's phased approach in addressing exposure potential around these sites. As this is an ongoing project, only the results from a selected set of completed site analyses are presented. Historical occupational exposures are the most significant exposure pathway for the site evaluations completed to date. Former workers also probably brought asbestos fibers home on their clothing, shoes, and hair, and their household contacts may have been exposed. Currently, most site-related worker and community exposure pathways have been eliminated. One community exposure pathway of indeterminate significance is the current exposure of individuals through direct contact with waste rock brought home for personal use as fill material, driveway surfacing, or soil amendment. Trace levels of asbestos are present in soil at many of the sites and buried waste rock has been discovered at a few sites; therefore, future worker and community exposure associated with disturbing on-site soil during construction or redevelopment at these sites is also a potential exposure pathway. JF - International journal of hygiene and environmental health AU - Anderson, Barbara A AU - Dearwent, Steve M AU - Durant, James T AU - Dyken, Jill J AU - Freed, Jennifer A AU - Moore, Susan McAfee AU - Wheeler, John S AD - Agency for Toxic Substances and Disease Registry, Atlanta, Georgia 30333, USA. BAAnderson@cdc.gov Y1 - 2005 PY - 2005 DA - 2005 SP - 55 EP - 65 VL - 208 IS - 1-2 SN - 1438-4639, 1438-4639 KW - Aluminum Silicates KW - 0 KW - Soil KW - vermiculite KW - 1318-00-9 KW - Asbestos KW - 1332-21-4 KW - Index Medicus KW - Environmental Monitoring KW - Humans KW - Refuse Disposal KW - Mining KW - Materials Testing KW - Family Health KW - Clothing KW - Risk Assessment KW - Montana KW - Occupational Exposure KW - Asbestos -- analysis KW - Public Health KW - Aluminum Silicates -- chemistry KW - Environmental Exposure UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/67813143?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=International+journal+of+hygiene+and+environmental+health&rft.atitle=Exposure+pathway+evaluations+for+sites+that+processed+asbestos-contaminated+vermiculite.&rft.au=Anderson%2C+Barbara+A%3BDearwent%2C+Steve+M%3BDurant%2C+James+T%3BDyken%2C+Jill+J%3BFreed%2C+Jennifer+A%3BMoore%2C+Susan+McAfee%3BWheeler%2C+John+S&rft.aulast=Anderson&rft.aufirst=Barbara&rft.date=2005-01-01&rft.volume=208&rft.issue=1-2&rft.spage=55&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=International+journal+of+hygiene+and+environmental+health&rft.issn=14384639&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 2005-07-12 N1 - Date created - 2005-05-10 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Human health research and policy development: experience in the Great Lakes region. AN - 67812387; 15881973 AB - As a direct outgrowth of industrial and agricultural activities, the quality of the Great Lakes ecosystem has declined significantly because of toxic substances in the water, eutrophication, overfishing, and invasive species that have been introduced into the waterways. Although measures have been adopted to restore the health of the ecosystem, contamination of Great Lakes sport fish continues arising from conditions that still prevail, but on a more limited scale. As a consequence, the Great Lakes states have issued guidelines for the public in the form of health advisories for fish consumption to encourage practices that will minimize exposure to contaminants found in Great Lakes sport fish. Scientific research has strongly influenced many policy decisions, including the development of laws, rules, and guidelines applicable to public health not only in regard to fish advisories but also other issues impacting human health. This paper proposes to outline how policy has been influenced by scientific findings and the far-reaching effect that these decisions have had on the health status of the public in the Great Lakes area and its potential for influencing the nation as a whole and our global neighbors. Within the Great Lakes basin, polychlorinated biphenyls (PCB) and mercury are the subject of the greatest number of fish advisories. Great Lakes-based researchers have studied populations residing in the Great Lakes basin to determine their level of awareness concerning fish consumption health advisories. They found that almost 50% of the residents who consumed Great Lakes sport fish were aware of sport fish consumption advisories. Of those with awareness, almost 60% were males and only about 40% were females. The researchers attributed the greater awareness among males to the health advisory materials that males receive with their fishing licenses and to their contact with fishing-related groups. The lower level of awareness among women regarding fish consumption advisories subsequently prompted the researchers to recommend targeting risk communication programs for female consumers of Great Lakes sport fish, particularly women of reproductive age. The Wisconsin Department of Health and Family Services subsequently followed the recommendation and developed uniform outreach materials for women, minorities, and the general public to be used by the Great Lakes states. The policy change directing educational materials to at-risk groups (e.g., women of reproductive age and minorities) is a direct outgrowth of the finding of low awareness about fish advisories among women who were interviewed. JF - International journal of hygiene and environmental health AU - Ashizawa, Annette E AU - Hicks, Heraline E AU - De Rosa, Christopher T AD - Agency for Toxic Substances and Disease Registry, Atlanta, GA 30333, USA. ADA8@CDC.GOV Y1 - 2005 PY - 2005 DA - 2005 SP - 7 EP - 13 VL - 208 IS - 1-2 SN - 1438-4639, 1438-4639 KW - Environmental Pollutants KW - 0 KW - Polychlorinated Biphenyls KW - DFC2HB4I0K KW - Index Medicus KW - Mercury Poisoning KW - Sex Factors KW - Great Lakes Region KW - Humans KW - Safety KW - Community-Institutional Relations KW - Knowledge KW - Pregnancy KW - Recreation KW - Adult KW - Fisheries KW - Health Surveys KW - Food Contamination KW - Female KW - Male KW - Environment KW - Policy Making KW - Environmental Health KW - Environmental Pollutants -- poisoning KW - Polychlorinated Biphenyls -- poisoning UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/67812387?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=International+journal+of+hygiene+and+environmental+health&rft.atitle=Human+health+research+and+policy+development%3A+experience+in+the+Great+Lakes+region.&rft.au=Ashizawa%2C+Annette+E%3BHicks%2C+Heraline+E%3BDe+Rosa%2C+Christopher+T&rft.aulast=Ashizawa&rft.aufirst=Annette&rft.date=2005-01-01&rft.volume=208&rft.issue=1-2&rft.spage=7&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=International+journal+of+hygiene+and+environmental+health&rft.issn=14384639&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 2005-07-12 N1 - Date created - 2005-05-10 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - National exposure measurements for decisions to protect public health from environmental exposures. AN - 67811885; 15881972 AB - Protecting public health from environmental exposures requires four steps: detection of exposures known or expected to cause disease, assessment of health risk from exposure, implementation of an exposure intervention, and assurance that the exposure intervention is effective. To prioritize efforts in these four areas one must consider the size of the population affected, the seriousness of health effects, and the availability of cost-effective exposure interventions. Population exposure data is critical to each of these steps for protecting health. Biomonitoring data for the US population is now available to assist public health scientists and physicians in preventing disease from environmental exposures, and it complements that available for levels of chemicals in environmental media. The Second National Report on Human Exposure to Environmental Chemicals provides for the US population serum, blood and urine levels for 116 environmental chemicals over the years 1999 and 2000, with separate analyses by age, sex, and race/ethnicity. This national exposure information identifies which chemicals get into Americans in measurable quantities; determines whether exposure levels are higher among population subgroups; determines how many Americans have levels of chemicals above recognized health threshold levels (for chemicals with such threshold levels); establishes reference ranges that define general population exposure so unusual exposures can be recognized; assesses the effectiveness of public health efforts to reduce population exposure to selected chemicals; and tracks over time trends in US population exposure. Blood lead measurements in the population were important in identifying lead in gasoline as a significant source of human lead exposure and documenting the reduction in blood lead levels in the population as a result of removing lead from gasoline and other products in the United States. Serum cotinine levels in the early 1990s found more widespread exposure to environmental tobacco smoke (ETS) in the United States than previously thought and additional measurements in 1999 and 2000 documented major declines in exposure to ETS as a result of public health actions in the 1990s. A new biomonitoring assessment of the exposure of the US population will be released every 2 years as the "National Report on Human Exposure to Environmental Chemicals." These reports will include the current 116 chemicals and new chemicals added to monitor priority exposures of the population. JF - International journal of hygiene and environmental health AU - Pirkle, James L AU - Osterloh, John AU - Needham, Larry L AU - Sampson, Eric J AD - Division of Laboratory Services, Center for Disease Control and Prevention, National Center for Environmental Health, Atlanta, GA 30333, USA. JPirkle@cdc.gov Y1 - 2005 PY - 2005 DA - 2005 SP - 1 EP - 5 VL - 208 IS - 1-2 SN - 1438-4639, 1438-4639 KW - Environmental Pollutants KW - 0 KW - Index Medicus KW - United States KW - Age Factors KW - Sex Factors KW - Humans KW - Infant, Newborn KW - Aged KW - Child KW - Decision Making KW - Child, Preschool KW - Infant KW - Adult KW - Middle Aged KW - Adolescent KW - Female KW - Male KW - Information Services KW - Public Health KW - Environmental Exposure KW - Environmental Pollutants -- analysis KW - Environmental Monitoring -- statistics & numerical data UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/67811885?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=International+journal+of+hygiene+and+environmental+health&rft.atitle=National+exposure+measurements+for+decisions+to+protect+public+health+from+environmental+exposures.&rft.au=Pirkle%2C+James+L%3BOsterloh%2C+John%3BNeedham%2C+Larry+L%3BSampson%2C+Eric+J&rft.aulast=Pirkle&rft.aufirst=James&rft.date=2005-01-01&rft.volume=208&rft.issue=1-2&rft.spage=1&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=International+journal+of+hygiene+and+environmental+health&rft.issn=14384639&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 2005-07-12 N1 - Date created - 2005-05-10 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Food service workers' self-reported food preparation practices: an EHS-Net study. AN - 67811457; 15881976 AB - This study was conducted by the Environmental Health Specialists Network (EHS-Net), a network of environmental health specialists and epidemiologists at federal and state health agencies, whose mission is to improve environmental health practice. One of EHS-Net's primary goals is to improve the understanding of the underlying causes of foodborne illness using a system-based approach. As part of this ongoing effort, EHS-Net analyzed data from a telephone survey of food service workers designed to increase our understanding of food preparation practices (a cause of foodborne illness) in restaurants. Results indicated that risky food preparation practices were commonly reported. Respondents said that at work they did not always wear gloves while touching ready-to-eat (RTE) food (60%), did not always wash their hands or change their gloves between handling raw meat and RTE food (23% and 33%), did not use a thermometer to check food temperatures (53%), and had worked while sick with vomiting or diarrhea (5%). Several factors were associated with safer food preparation practices. Workers responsible for food preparation reported washing their hands and wearing gloves when handling RTE food more often than workers not responsible for food preparation. Workers who cooked reported changing their gloves more often than workers who did not cook. Older workers and managers reported washing their hands more often than younger workers and non-managers. Workers in chain restaurants more frequently reported using thermometers than workers in independently owned restaurants. This study provides valuable information concerning the prevalence of food preparation practices and factors that may impact those practices. Additional research is needed to better understand those factors. JF - International journal of hygiene and environmental health AU - Green, Laura AU - Selman, Carol AU - Banerjee, Anyana AU - Marcus, Ruthanne AU - Medus, Carlota AU - Angulo, Frederick J AU - Radke, Vince AU - Buchanan, Sharunda AU - EHS-Net Working Group AD - Health, Social, and Economics Research, RTI International, Research Triangle Park, NC, USA. lrg0@cdc.gov ; EHS-Net Working Group Y1 - 2005 PY - 2005 DA - 2005 SP - 27 EP - 35 VL - 208 IS - 1-2 SN - 1438-4639, 1438-4639 KW - Index Medicus KW - Gloves, Protective KW - Food Contamination -- prevention & control KW - Age Factors KW - Hand Disinfection KW - Risk Factors KW - Humans KW - Cooking KW - Adult KW - Data Collection KW - Male KW - Female KW - Food Services -- standards KW - Safety KW - Food Handling UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/67811457?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=International+journal+of+hygiene+and+environmental+health&rft.atitle=Food+service+workers%27+self-reported+food+preparation+practices%3A+an+EHS-Net+study.&rft.au=Green%2C+Laura%3BSelman%2C+Carol%3BBanerjee%2C+Anyana%3BMarcus%2C+Ruthanne%3BMedus%2C+Carlota%3BAngulo%2C+Frederick+J%3BRadke%2C+Vince%3BBuchanan%2C+Sharunda%3BEHS-Net+Working+Group&rft.aulast=Green&rft.aufirst=Laura&rft.date=2005-01-01&rft.volume=208&rft.issue=1-2&rft.spage=27&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=International+journal+of+hygiene+and+environmental+health&rft.issn=14384639&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 2005-07-12 N1 - Date created - 2005-05-10 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Public health partnerships addressing childhood cancer investigations: case study of Toms River, Dover Township, New Jersey, USA. AN - 67809236; 15881978 AB - Toms River, located in Dover Township, Ocean County, New Jersey, USA, experienced an increased incidence in childhood leukemia, brain, and central nervous system cancers from the mid-1980s through the early 1990s. These findings initiated a series of community-based activities that lead to the establishment of a successful partnership between the community, public health, and environmental agencies. The common goal of this partnership was to investigate linkages between environmental exposures and childhood cancers. The investigation was comprehensive in nature and a product of an extensive collaborative effort on the part of community, local, state, and federal health agencies, and university research organizations. Central to the success of this partnership was development of a public health response plan. This response plan served to coordinate activities of various entities and ensure that actions to cease or reduce ongoing exposures were implemented in addressing the incidence of childhood cancers using the partnership paradigm. The authors propose six rules of engagement: (1) seek out willing participants, (2) establish an equitable partnership, (3) consider each partner's perspective, (4) define goals and roles for each partner, (5) seek out innovative opportunities, and (6) assure scientific credibility. The application of these rules of engagement led to innovations and advances in the fields of environmental health science and public health practice. JF - International journal of hygiene and environmental health AU - Maslia, Morris L AU - Reyes, Juan J AU - Gillig, Richard E AU - Sautner, Jason B AU - Fagliano, Jerald A AU - Aral, Mustafa M AD - Agency for Toxic Substances and Disease Registry, Atlanta, GA, USA. mmaslia@cdc.gov Y1 - 2005 PY - 2005 DA - 2005 SP - 45 EP - 54 VL - 208 IS - 1-2 SN - 1438-4639, 1438-4639 KW - Index Medicus KW - Goals KW - Humans KW - Communication KW - Case-Control Studies KW - Child KW - New Jersey KW - Organizational Case Studies KW - Child Welfare KW - Public Health KW - Interinstitutional Relations KW - Environmental Exposure KW - Neoplasms -- prevention & control KW - Community-Institutional Relations KW - Neoplasms -- etiology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/67809236?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=International+journal+of+hygiene+and+environmental+health&rft.atitle=Public+health+partnerships+addressing+childhood+cancer+investigations%3A+case+study+of+Toms+River%2C+Dover+Township%2C+New+Jersey%2C+USA.&rft.au=Maslia%2C+Morris+L%3BReyes%2C+Juan+J%3BGillig%2C+Richard+E%3BSautner%2C+Jason+B%3BFagliano%2C+Jerald+A%3BAral%2C+Mustafa+M&rft.aulast=Maslia&rft.aufirst=Morris&rft.date=2005-01-01&rft.volume=208&rft.issue=1-2&rft.spage=45&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=International+journal+of+hygiene+and+environmental+health&rft.issn=14384639&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 2005-07-12 N1 - Date created - 2005-05-10 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Surveillance of hazardous substance emergency events: identifying areas for public health prevention. AN - 67808765; 15881977 AB - The Hazardous Substances Emergency Events Surveillance (HSEES) system is a comprehensive, state-based surveillance system of hazardous substance releases and public health consequences. Maintained by the Agency for Toxic Substances and Disease Registry (ATSDR) since 1990, the system captures information on acute releases of hazardous substances that need to be cleaned up or neutralized according to federal, state, or local law. Information about threatened releases that result in public health action such as evacuation is also included. Of the 39,766 events reported to HSEES for 1996--2001, 8% resulted in deaths or injuries. Funded through a competitive program announcement, 15 states currently participate in HSEES. State coordinators actively collect data from multiple sources after an eligible event occurs and enter data about the event into a standardized ATSDR-provided web-based system. The information in HSEES describes the distribution and characteristics of hazardous substances emergencies and the morbidity and mortality experienced by employees, responders, and the general public as the result of hazardous substances releases. Analysis of HSEES data helps identify risk factors associated with hazardous substances releases. For example, although events in which chlorine was released account for only 1.6% of all events, they were 3.52 times more likely to result in injuries. Knowledge of these factors is useful in planning public safety interventions and can impact the formulation of guidelines and policies to help reduce the number of events (primary prevention) and the morbidity and mortality associated with these events (secondary prevention). Utilizing state-specific analyses of HSEES data, participating states have been able to develop prevention outreach activities such as awareness training of first responders, primary prevention of spills, and secondary prevention of related injuries and deaths caused by ammonia, chlorine, and mercury. Specific examples involving ammonia, chlorine, and mercury releases will be presented in detail. JF - International journal of hygiene and environmental health AU - Kaye, Wendy E AU - Orr, Maureen F AU - Wattigney, Wendy A AD - Agency for Toxic Substances and Disease Registry, Division of Health Studies, Atlanta, GA 30333, USA. wkaye@cdc.gov Y1 - 2005 PY - 2005 DA - 2005 SP - 37 EP - 44 VL - 208 IS - 1-2 SN - 1438-4639, 1438-4639 KW - Hazardous Substances KW - 0 KW - Index Medicus KW - United States KW - Mortality KW - Humans KW - Emergencies KW - Public Policy KW - Morbidity KW - Internet KW - Public Health KW - Registries -- statistics & numerical data KW - Disaster Planning KW - Population Surveillance UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/67808765?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=International+journal+of+hygiene+and+environmental+health&rft.atitle=Surveillance+of+hazardous+substance+emergency+events%3A+identifying+areas+for+public+health+prevention.&rft.au=Kaye%2C+Wendy+E%3BOrr%2C+Maureen+F%3BWattigney%2C+Wendy+A&rft.aulast=Kaye&rft.aufirst=Wendy&rft.date=2005-01-01&rft.volume=208&rft.issue=1-2&rft.spage=37&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=International+journal+of+hygiene+and+environmental+health&rft.issn=14384639&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 2005-07-12 N1 - Date created - 2005-05-10 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Improving strategies to prevent childhood lead poisoning using local data. AN - 67808733; 15881974 AB - Lead poisoning remains an important, yet entirely preventable, disease among children worldwide. Children's blood lead levels (BLLs) have been declining in the United States; however, nearly half a million children have BLLs > or = 10 microg/ dl, the level targeted for elimination by 2010. Attainment of this national goal will require translating knowledge into public health practice. The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) funds state and local health departments to develop comprehensive prevention programs and surveillance. The Jefferson County, Kentucky Program, which includes Louisville, adopted CDC's recommendation for targeting lead testing to children at highest risk and used knowledge of risk factors for lead poisoning to develop prevention strategies. Blood lead testing was targeted to Louisville neighborhoods at high risk, i.e., those characterized by housing built before 1950 and valued or = 10 microg/dl among children. We evaluated the impact of these and other interventions. Testing of children aged 9-24 months who were born in high risk housing increased from 64.5% to 73.7% (p-value or = $50,000 (37.0-37.5%; p-value = 0.649). This report demonstrates that applying scientific knowledge to public health practice and using surveillance and other data to evaluate practice effectively increased testing of children at high risk for lead poisoning, increased lead-safe housing, and empowered communities to protect their children from lead exposure. JF - International journal of hygiene and environmental health AU - Meyer, Pamela A AU - Staley, Forrest AU - Staley, Paula AU - Curtis, Jerry AU - Blanton, Curtis AU - Brown, Mary Jean AD - Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, National Center for Environmental Health, Division of Emergency and Environmental Services, Lead Poisoning Prevention Branch, Atlanta, GA 30333, USA. pmeyer@cdc.gov Y1 - 2005 PY - 2005 DA - 2005 SP - 15 EP - 20 VL - 208 IS - 1-2 SN - 1438-4639, 1438-4639 KW - Index Medicus KW - Infant KW - Risk Factors KW - Poverty KW - Humans KW - Cohort Studies KW - Kentucky KW - Facility Design and Construction KW - Data Collection KW - Male KW - Knowledge KW - Female KW - Population Surveillance KW - Lead Poisoning -- prevention & control KW - Housing KW - Infant Welfare KW - Lead Poisoning -- diagnosis UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/67808733?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=International+journal+of+hygiene+and+environmental+health&rft.atitle=Improving+strategies+to+prevent+childhood+lead+poisoning+using+local+data.&rft.au=Meyer%2C+Pamela+A%3BStaley%2C+Forrest%3BStaley%2C+Paula%3BCurtis%2C+Jerry%3BBlanton%2C+Curtis%3BBrown%2C+Mary+Jean&rft.aulast=Meyer&rft.aufirst=Pamela&rft.date=2005-01-01&rft.volume=208&rft.issue=1-2&rft.spage=15&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=International+journal+of+hygiene+and+environmental+health&rft.issn=14384639&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 2005-07-12 N1 - Date created - 2005-05-10 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - The usefulness of computed tomography in detecting asbestos-related pleural abnormalities in people who had indeterminate chest radiographs: the Libby, MT, experience. AN - 67807051; 15881982 AB - This epidemiological study was conducted to determine whether high-resolution computed tomography (HRCT) is useful to screen for pulmonary abnormalities in people exposed to vermiculite containing asbestos. During June-September 2001, we evaluated HRCT of 353 people in Libby, MT, who had been exposed to asbestiform minerals associated with vermiculite. Of these, 334 participants of the summer 2000 medical testing program underwent HRCT of the chest at St. John's Lutheran Hospital and 19 eligible people who recently had undergone an HRCT scan at the same facility and under the same testing protocol allowed the study reviewers to use that scan. All 353 study participants were former vermiculite mine/mill workers (n = 55), their household contacts (n = 99), and people exposed to vermiculite through recreational or other activities (n = 199). Participants' 2000 medical testing results indicated only one of the three B-reader chest radiograph reviewers had reported a pleural abnormality (indeterminate chest radiograph). Three expert computer tomography (CT) scan evaluators reviewed the HRCT scans and identified pleural abnormalities in 98 (27.8%) of the 353 participants whose previous chest radiographs were classified indeterminate. Of these 98 people, 69 (70.4%) were either former vermiculite mine/mill workers or household contacts, and 40 (40.8%) showed pleural calcification on HRCT. Thirty out of the 40 people with pleural calcification reported having no occupational exposure to either Libby vermiculite or asbestos. Our findings indicate that low-dose HRCT can be considered for screening certain former vermiculite mine/mill workers and their household contacts who have indeterminate chest radiographs and may be useful for diagnosing a suspicious finding on a chest radiograph, particularly in a high-risk person. JF - International journal of hygiene and environmental health AU - Muravov, Oleg I AU - Kaye, Wendy E AU - Lewin, Michael AU - Berkowitz, Zahava AU - Lybarger, Jeffrey A AU - Campolucci, Sharon S AU - Parker, John E AD - Agency for Toxic Substances and Disease Registry, Atlanta, GA 30333, USA. oim0@cdc.gov Y1 - 2005 PY - 2005 DA - 2005 SP - 87 EP - 99 VL - 208 IS - 1-2 SN - 1438-4639, 1438-4639 KW - Aluminum Silicates KW - 0 KW - vermiculite KW - 1318-00-9 KW - Asbestos KW - 1332-21-4 KW - Index Medicus KW - Sensitivity and Specificity KW - Aluminum Silicates -- chemistry KW - Calcinosis -- diagnostic imaging KW - Humans KW - Aged KW - Radiography, Thoracic KW - Montana KW - Mass Screening KW - Epidemiologic Studies KW - Calcinosis -- etiology KW - Adult KW - Middle Aged KW - Mining KW - Female KW - Male KW - Pleural Diseases -- etiology KW - Tomography, X-Ray Computed KW - Asbestos -- adverse effects KW - Pleural Diseases -- diagnostic imaging UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/67807051?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=International+journal+of+hygiene+and+environmental+health&rft.atitle=The+usefulness+of+computed+tomography+in+detecting+asbestos-related+pleural+abnormalities+in+people+who+had+indeterminate+chest+radiographs%3A+the+Libby%2C+MT%2C+experience.&rft.au=Muravov%2C+Oleg+I%3BKaye%2C+Wendy+E%3BLewin%2C+Michael%3BBerkowitz%2C+Zahava%3BLybarger%2C+Jeffrey+A%3BCampolucci%2C+Sharon+S%3BParker%2C+John+E&rft.aulast=Muravov&rft.aufirst=Oleg&rft.date=2005-01-01&rft.volume=208&rft.issue=1-2&rft.spage=87&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=International+journal+of+hygiene+and+environmental+health&rft.issn=14384639&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 2005-07-12 N1 - Date created - 2005-05-10 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Six cases of women with diethylstilbestrol in utero demonstrating long-term manifestations and current evaluation guidelines. AN - 67793903; 15870516 AB - Diethylstilbestrol (DES), a nonsteroidal estrogen, was widely used in the United States from 1940 through 1971 to prevent pregnancy loss. In the late 1960s, an association was made with an increased incidence of clear cell adenocarcinoma in young women exposed in utero to DES. Additional study of these women over the next 35 years has shown an increased risk of other health problems including intraepithelial neoplasia, ectopic pregnancy, first trimester spontaneous abortion and second trimester pregnancy loss. The National Institutes of Health continues to fund studies to follow cohorts of DES-exposed mothers, daughters, sons and third generation children. The Centers for Disease Control have conducted a large DES Education Project and have established guidelines for management. The following six cases studies illustrate common problems seen in DES exposed daughters and management of problems encountered. JF - Journal of lower genital tract disease AU - Tedeschi, Candice A AU - Rubin, Mary AU - Krumholz, Burton A AD - CDC DES Education Project, Great Neck, NY, USA. candy@myway.com Y1 - 2005/01// PY - 2005 DA - January 2005 SP - 11 EP - 18 VL - 9 IS - 1 SN - 1089-2591, 1089-2591 KW - Diethylstilbestrol KW - 731DCA35BT KW - Index Medicus KW - Vaginal Neoplasms -- chemically induced KW - Humans KW - Adenocarcinoma, Clear Cell -- chemically induced KW - Pregnancy Complications -- chemically induced KW - Adult KW - Middle Aged KW - Cervical Intraepithelial Neoplasia -- chemically induced KW - Uterine Cervical Neoplasms -- chemically induced KW - Time Factors KW - Female KW - Pregnancy, Ectopic -- chemically induced KW - Pregnancy KW - Diethylstilbestrol -- adverse effects KW - Prenatal Exposure Delayed Effects UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/67793903?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+lower+genital+tract+disease&rft.atitle=Six+cases+of+women+with+diethylstilbestrol+in+utero+demonstrating+long-term+manifestations+and+current+evaluation+guidelines.&rft.au=Tedeschi%2C+Candice+A%3BRubin%2C+Mary%3BKrumholz%2C+Burton+A&rft.aulast=Tedeschi&rft.aufirst=Candice&rft.date=2005-01-01&rft.volume=9&rft.issue=1&rft.spage=11&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+lower+genital+tract+disease&rft.issn=10892591&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 2005-06-16 N1 - Date created - 2005-05-04 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Bias and uncertainty of penetrating photon dose measured by film dosemeters in an epidemiological study of US nuclear workers. AN - 67787172; 15769802 AB - A retrospective exposure assessment of 1269 study subjects was completed for use in a multi-site case-control study of the relationship between protracted workplace external radiation exposure and leukaemia mortality. The majority of exposure data result from film badge monitoring programmes at the four US weapons production facilities and a US Naval shipyard. Bias and uncertainty in reported exposures among study facilities and across time were as result of differences in incident photon energy, exposure geometry, dosemeter type and dosimetry methods. These sources of measurement uncertainty were examined by facility and time to derive bias factors (B) for normalising exposures. In conjunction with facility reported results, the bias factors provide a means to estimate the equivalent dose, penetrating to a depth of 10 mm [H(p)(10)] and the equivalent dose to the active bone marrow for use in the epidemiological study. Uncertainty was expressed as the constructed 95% confidence interval (i.e. the 2.5th-97.5th% range) of the estimated parameter. The bias factors indicate that recorded exposures provide a reasonable estimate of H(p)(10) (bias factor near unity) and overestimate equivalent dose to active bone marrow (H(T)) by a factor between 1.2 and 1.7. On average, dosemeter-response uncertainties estimated using Monte Carlo simulation were approximately +/-19 and +/-33% for H(p)(10) and H(T), respectively. JF - Radiation protection dosimetry AU - Daniels, R D AU - Schubauer-Berigan, M K AD - Division of Surveillance, Hazard Evaluations, and Field Studies (DSHEFS), National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH), 555 Ridge Avenue, R-44, Cincinnati, OH 45213, USA. RTD2@CDC.gov Y1 - 2005 PY - 2005 DA - 2005 SP - 275 EP - 289 VL - 113 IS - 3 SN - 0144-8420, 0144-8420 KW - Index Medicus KW - Ships KW - Sensitivity and Specificity KW - Relative Biological Effectiveness KW - Reproducibility of Results KW - Epidemiologic Methods KW - Risk Factors KW - Nuclear Warfare KW - Body Burden KW - Bias (Epidemiology) KW - United States -- epidemiology KW - Nuclear Reactors KW - Occupational Exposure -- statistics & numerical data KW - Photons KW - Film Dosimetry -- instrumentation KW - Leukemia, Radiation-Induced -- mortality KW - Film Dosimetry -- statistics & numerical data KW - Risk Assessment -- methods KW - Occupational Exposure -- analysis KW - Occupational Diseases -- mortality UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/67787172?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Radiation+protection+dosimetry&rft.atitle=Bias+and+uncertainty+of+penetrating+photon+dose+measured+by+film+dosemeters+in+an+epidemiological+study+of+US+nuclear+workers.&rft.au=Daniels%2C+R+D%3BSchubauer-Berigan%2C+M+K&rft.aulast=Daniels&rft.aufirst=R&rft.date=2005-01-01&rft.volume=113&rft.issue=3&rft.spage=275&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Radiation+protection+dosimetry&rft.issn=01448420&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 2005-08-23 N1 - Date created - 2005-05-03 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Altered fractionation radiotherapy in head and neck cancer: clinical issues and pitfalls of "evidence-based medicine". AN - 67776552; 15850002 AB - The authors present a critical appraisal of the biological bases of altered fractionation and a brief overview of published randomized trials with conventional fractionation as the control arm, reviews and meta-analysis on altered fractionation radiotherapy in head and neck cancer. The major controversial issues emerging from these studies are reviewed and the limiting factors which so far have prevented the widespread use of altered fractionation regimens in current clinical practice are analyzed. Future perspectives regarding predictive biological assays for patient selection and the integration of altered fractionation regimens with radiochemotherapy protocols, biomodulators and novel radiotherapy techniques are also reviewed and summarized. JF - Tumori AU - Antognoni, Paolo AU - Corvò, Renzo AU - Zerini, Dario AU - Orecchia, Roberto AD - Servizio di Radioterapia, CdC Santa Maria-Multimedica Hospitals, Castellanza, VA, Italy. p.antognoni@libero.it PY - 2005 SP - 30 EP - 39 VL - 91 IS - 1 SN - 0300-8916, 0300-8916 KW - Index Medicus KW - Randomized Controlled Trials as Topic KW - Clinical Trials, Phase III as Topic KW - Humans KW - Meta-Analysis as Topic KW - Radiotherapy -- adverse effects KW - Evidence-Based Medicine KW - Dose Fractionation KW - Head and Neck Neoplasms -- radiotherapy KW - Carcinoma, Squamous Cell -- radiotherapy UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/67776552?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Tumori&rft.atitle=Altered+fractionation+radiotherapy+in+head+and+neck+cancer%3A+clinical+issues+and+pitfalls+of+%22evidence-based+medicine%22.&rft.au=Antognoni%2C+Paolo%3BCorv%C3%B2%2C+Renzo%3BZerini%2C+Dario%3BOrecchia%2C+Roberto&rft.aulast=Antognoni&rft.aufirst=Paolo&rft.date=2005-01-01&rft.volume=91&rft.issue=1&rft.spage=30&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Tumori&rft.issn=03008916&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 2005-05-10 N1 - Date created - 2005-04-26 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Sampling results of the improved SKC diesel particulate matter cassette. AN - 67514429; 15764521 AB - Diesel particulate matter (DPM) samples from underground metal/nonmetal mines are collected on quartz fiber filters and measured for carbon content using National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health Method 5040. If size-selective samplers are not used to collect DPM in the presence of carbonaceous ore dust, both the ore dust and DPM will collect on the quartz filters, causing the carbon attributed to DPM to be artificially high. Because the DPM particle size is much smaller than that of mechanically generated mine dust aerosols, it can be separated from the larger mine dust aerosol by a single-stage impactor. The SKC DPM cassette is a single-stage impactor designed to collect only DPM aerosols in the presence of carbonaceous mine ore aerosols, which are commonly found in underground nonmetal mines. However, there is limited data on how efficiently the SKC DPM cassette can collect DPM in the presence of ore dust. In this study we investigated the ability of the SKC DPM cassette to collect DPM while segregating ore dust from the sample. We found that the SKC DPM cassette accurately collected DPM. In the presence of carbon-based ore aerosols having an average concentration of 8 mg/m3, no ore dust was detected on SKC DPM cassette filters. We did discover a problem: the surface areas of the DPM deposits on SKC DPM cassettes, manufactured prior to August 2002 were inconsistent. To correct this problem, SKC modified the cassette. The new cassette produced, with 99% confidence, a range of DPM deposit areas between 8.05 and 8.28 cm2, a difference of less than 3%. JF - Journal of occupational and environmental hygiene AU - Noll, James D AU - Timko, Robert J AU - McWilliams, Linda AU - Hall, Peter AU - Haney, Robert AD - Pittsburgh Research Center, National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15236, USA. jin1@cdc.gov Y1 - 2005/01// PY - 2005 DA - January 2005 SP - 29 EP - 37 VL - 2 IS - 1 SN - 1545-9624, 1545-9624 KW - Mineral Fibers KW - 0 KW - Vehicle Emissions KW - Quartz KW - 14808-60-7 KW - Index Medicus KW - Sensitivity and Specificity KW - Filtration KW - Equipment Design KW - Particle Size KW - Automation KW - Air Pollution, Indoor -- analysis KW - Mining KW - Vehicle Emissions -- analysis UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/67514429?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+occupational+and+environmental+hygiene&rft.atitle=Sampling+results+of+the+improved+SKC+diesel+particulate+matter+cassette.&rft.au=Noll%2C+James+D%3BTimko%2C+Robert+J%3BMcWilliams%2C+Linda%3BHall%2C+Peter%3BHaney%2C+Robert&rft.aulast=Noll&rft.aufirst=James&rft.date=2005-01-01&rft.volume=2&rft.issue=1&rft.spage=29&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+occupational+and+environmental+hygiene&rft.issn=15459624&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 2005-03-29 N1 - Date created - 2005-03-16 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Uses of speciation techniques in biomonitoring for assessing human exposure to organic environmental chemicals. AN - 67412570; 15616776 AB - Speciation analysis has been used for many years to identify and measure different forms of a given chemical in environmental and human samples. Although the term "speciation" is generally applied to the measurement of inorganic chemicals, the term can also be applied to many measurements of organic chemicals in complex samples, such as environmental media and biological matrices. We present several examples of achieving speciation analysis by selecting the appropriate biological matrix in which to measure a specific chemical(s), by a given analytical method, for the most accurate assessment of human exposure to the environmental chemical. Much of this information and many of these techniques are transferable to the measurement of inorganic elements in environmental and biological samples. JF - Analytical and bioanalytical chemistry AU - Needham, Larry L AU - Patterson, Donald G AU - Barr, Dana B AU - Grainger, James AU - Calafat, Antonia M AD - Division of Laboratory Sciences, National Center for Environmental Health, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA 30341, USA. lneedham@cdc.gov Y1 - 2005/01// PY - 2005 DA - January 2005 SP - 397 EP - 404 VL - 381 IS - 2 SN - 1618-2642, 1618-2642 KW - Environmental Pollutants KW - 0 KW - Organic Chemicals KW - Index Medicus KW - Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry -- methods KW - Humans KW - Environmental Monitoring KW - Environmental Exposure KW - Organic Chemicals -- analysis KW - Environmental Pollutants -- analysis UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/67412570?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Analytical+and+bioanalytical+chemistry&rft.atitle=Uses+of+speciation+techniques+in+biomonitoring+for+assessing+human+exposure+to+organic+environmental+chemicals.&rft.au=Needham%2C+Larry+L%3BPatterson%2C+Donald+G%3BBarr%2C+Dana+B%3BGrainger%2C+James%3BCalafat%2C+Antonia+M&rft.aulast=Needham&rft.aufirst=Larry&rft.date=2005-01-01&rft.volume=381&rft.issue=2&rft.spage=397&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Analytical+and+bioanalytical+chemistry&rft.issn=16182642&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 2006-06-13 N1 - Date created - 2005-02-08 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Including residents in epidemiologic studies of adverse health effects in communities with hazardous exposures. AN - 67398081; 15690902 AB - For individuals who live within the shadows of hazardous waste sites, there is a constant worry about what impact releases from these sites are having on their health and environment. Public health agencies at the local, state, and federal levels are routinely asked to investigate these concerns and determine what, if any, exposures are occurring or may have occurred in the past, and what the health risk to nearby residents may be. To ensure the credibility of research findings, full participation of affected communities is needed. Including communities in research activities can, however, be a difficult process. This paper discusses the concerns, needs, and expectations of U.S. communities in which environmental exposures are occurring, or in which exposures have occurred in the past. Three case studies are presented in which activities were undertaken to involve a community in the research process where environmental contaminants were of concern. The strengths and limitations of these activities are discussed, and recommendations for community involvement in future research are made. JF - Journal of environmental health AU - Williamson, Dhelia M AU - Millette, Deborah AU - Beauboeuf-Lafontant, Tamara AU - Henry, Judy P AU - Atherton, Charlie AD - Department of Health Studies, Health Investigations Branch, Atlanta, GA 30333, USA. DJW8@cdc.gov PY - 2005 SP - 23 EP - 28 VL - 67 IS - 6 SN - 0022-0892, 0022-0892 KW - Environmental Pollutants KW - 0 KW - Hazardous Substances KW - Index Medicus KW - Epidemiologic Studies KW - Humans KW - Tennessee KW - Texas KW - Research KW - Louisiana KW - Residence Characteristics KW - Environmental Pollutants -- toxicity KW - Environmental Exposure KW - Community Participation KW - Hazardous Substances -- toxicity UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/67398081?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+environmental+health&rft.atitle=Including+residents+in+epidemiologic+studies+of+adverse+health+effects+in+communities+with+hazardous+exposures.&rft.au=Williamson%2C+Dhelia+M%3BMillette%2C+Deborah%3BBeauboeuf-Lafontant%2C+Tamara%3BHenry%2C+Judy+P%3BAtherton%2C+Charlie&rft.aulast=Williamson&rft.aufirst=Dhelia&rft.date=2005-01-01&rft.volume=67&rft.issue=6&rft.spage=23&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+environmental+health&rft.issn=00220892&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 2005-05-05 N1 - Date created - 2005-02-04 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Rotavirus disease and its prevention. AN - 67393431; 15687881 AB - Rotavirus infection is the foremost cause of severe gastroenteritis of young children worldwide. Efforts to develop safe and effective vaccines resulted in licensure of the first live oral vaccine, tetravalent, rhesus-based rotavirus vaccine (RRV-TV), which was incorporated into the US immunization schedule in 1998. Less than 1 year later, however, the vaccine was withdrawn when reports of cases of intussusception were linked to recent vaccination. This setback created significant hurdles as well as new opportunities for the development of the next generation of rotavirus vaccines. This review focuses on new information related to the clinical presentation and pathogenesis of rotavirus infection, the associated global disease burden, and the ongoing efforts to develop and introduce the next generation of rotavirus vaccines for widespread use. Recent studies have confirmed that rotavirus infection is not confined only to the gut but can have extraintestinal manifestations, including viremia. Estimates of the global disease burden of rotavirus diarrhea have been refined and suggest that mortality has not declined, and that among hospitalized cases of diarrhea, the fraction associated with rotavirus has increased in many countries. In the United States, the estimated number of hospitalizations attributed to rotavirus has increased. Debate continues about the magnitude of the attributable risk of the association between RRV-TV and intussusception. Several new rotavirus vaccines are in late stages of development. One vaccine was licensed in Mexico in 2004 and a second has completed clinical trials in the United States and Europe and may be licensed within 2 to 3 years. The tremendous burden of rotavirus diarrhea among children all over the world continues to drive the remarkable pace of vaccine development and the variety of approaches to creating rotavirus vaccines. JF - Current opinion in gastroenterology AU - Widdowson, Marc-Alain AU - Bresee, Joseph S AU - Gentsch, Jon R AU - Glass, Roger I AD - Viral Gastroenteritis Section, Respiratory and Enteric Viruses Branch, National Center for Infectious Diseases, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA 30333, USA. zux5@cdc.gov Y1 - 2005/01// PY - 2005 DA - January 2005 SP - 26 EP - 31 VL - 21 IS - 1 SN - 0267-1379, 0267-1379 KW - Rotavirus Vaccines KW - 0 KW - Index Medicus KW - Infant KW - Intussusception -- chemically induced KW - Cost of Illness KW - Humans KW - Child KW - Rotavirus KW - Rotavirus Vaccines -- adverse effects KW - Rotavirus Infections -- prevention & control KW - Rotavirus Infections -- etiology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/67393431?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Current+opinion+in+gastroenterology&rft.atitle=Rotavirus+disease+and+its+prevention.&rft.au=Widdowson%2C+Marc-Alain%3BBresee%2C+Joseph+S%3BGentsch%2C+Jon+R%3BGlass%2C+Roger+I&rft.aulast=Widdowson&rft.aufirst=Marc-Alain&rft.date=2005-01-01&rft.volume=21&rft.issue=1&rft.spage=26&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Current+opinion+in+gastroenterology&rft.issn=02671379&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 2005-03-23 N1 - Date created - 2005-02-02 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Clean indoor air in El Paso, Texas: a case study. AN - 67384382; 15670475 AB - Exposure to secondhand smoke is an important preventable cause of illness and death. A Smoke-Free Paso del Norte Coalition in El Paso, Texas, led a drive to introduce an ordinance to protect nonsmoking persons from the health effects of secondhand smoke in public places. The ordinance was introduced in April 2001 and was passed on June 26, 2001. El Paso is the fifth largest city in Texas and the largest border city in the United States. It is the 10th poorest city in the United States; 37% of its residents do not have health insurance. Seventy-eight percent of El Paso's residents are Hispanic/Latino. A large percentage of El Paso's restaurant and bar workers are recent immigrants from Mexico. Campaign activities included a letter-writing campaign to the El Paso Times, petition gathering, community outreach education, meetings with city council members, print and television advertising, a proactive media advocacy campaign, and a youth rally. One month after the ordinance went into effect, an opinion poll found solid support for the new ordinance. Another survey conducted in December 2002 also found a 22% decline in adult smoking, from 22.1% in 1996 to 17.3% at the time of the survey. The El Paso campaign is an example of a successful grassroots campaign. El Paso's campaign relied on direct organizing to identify, recruit, and mobilize supporters, and involved relatively little paid media or paid advocacy efforts. These lessons are transferable to other communities, and the El Paso coalition serves as a model for developing a diverse, representative coalition in a predominantly Mexican American community. JF - Preventing chronic disease AU - Reynolds, Jennifer H AU - Hobart, Robin L AU - Ayala, Patricia AU - Eischen, Monica H AD - Office on Smoking and Health, CDC, Amherst, Mass., USA. Y1 - 2005/01// PY - 2005 DA - January 2005 SP - 1 VL - 2 IS - 1 KW - Tobacco Smoke Pollution KW - 0 KW - Index Medicus KW - Humans KW - Texas KW - Health Promotion KW - Tobacco Smoke Pollution -- prevention & control KW - Tobacco Smoke Pollution -- legislation & jurisprudence UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/67384382?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Preventing+chronic+disease&rft.atitle=Clean+indoor+air+in+El+Paso%2C+Texas%3A+a+case+study.&rft.au=Reynolds%2C+Jennifer+H%3BHobart%2C+Robin+L%3BAyala%2C+Patricia%3BEischen%2C+Monica+H&rft.aulast=Reynolds&rft.aufirst=Jennifer&rft.date=2005-01-01&rft.volume=2&rft.issue=1&rft.spage=A22&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Preventing+chronic+disease&rft.issn=1545-1151&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 2006-03-07 N1 - Date created - 2005-01-26 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - SuppNotes - Cited By: Am J Prev Med. 2001 Feb;20(2 Suppl):10-5 [11173214] MMWR Morb Mortal Wkly Rep. 2004 Feb 27;53(7):150-2 [14985652] J Occup Environ Med. 2004 Apr;46(4):347-56 [15076653] Prev Chronic Dis. 2004 Apr;1(2):A11 [15663886] N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Chlorine inactivation of bacterial bioterrorism agents. AN - 67344884; 15640238 AB - Seven species of bacterial select agents were tested for susceptibility to free available chlorine (FAC). Under test conditions, the FAC routinely maintained in potable water would be sufficient to reduce six species by 2 orders of magnitude within 10 min. Water contaminated with spores of Bacillus anthracis spores would require further treatment. JF - Applied and environmental microbiology AU - Rose, Laura J AU - Rice, Eugene W AU - Jensen, Bette AU - Murga, Ricardo AU - Peterson, Alicia AU - Donlan, Rodney M AU - Arduino, Matthew J AD - Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, 1600 Clifton Rd., C16, Atlanta, GA 30333, USA. lrose@cdc.gov Y1 - 2005/01// PY - 2005 DA - January 2005 SP - 566 EP - 568 VL - 71 IS - 1 SN - 0099-2240, 0099-2240 KW - Disinfectants KW - 0 KW - Chlorine KW - 4R7X1O2820 KW - Index Medicus KW - Spores, Bacterial -- drug effects KW - Microbial Sensitivity Tests -- methods KW - Bacillus anthracis -- drug effects KW - Bacillus anthracis -- growth & development KW - Gram-Negative Bacteria -- growth & development KW - Chlorine -- pharmacology KW - Bioterrorism KW - Bacillus anthracis -- physiology KW - Disinfectants -- pharmacology KW - Gram-Negative Bacteria -- drug effects UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/67344884?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Applied+and+environmental+microbiology&rft.atitle=Chlorine+inactivation+of+bacterial+bioterrorism+agents.&rft.au=Rose%2C+Laura+J%3BRice%2C+Eugene+W%3BJensen%2C+Bette%3BMurga%2C+Ricardo%3BPeterson%2C+Alicia%3BDonlan%2C+Rodney+M%3BArduino%2C+Matthew+J&rft.aulast=Rose&rft.aufirst=Laura&rft.date=2005-01-01&rft.volume=71&rft.issue=1&rft.spage=566&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Applied+and+environmental+microbiology&rft.issn=00992240&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 2005-03-15 N1 - Date created - 2005-01-10 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - SuppNotes - Cited By: Appl Environ Microbiol. 2002 Mar;68(3):1025-32 [11872446] Emerg Infect Dis. 2002 Feb;8(2):225-30 [11897082] Appl Environ Microbiol. 1981 Jul;42(1):159-67 [7259162] Appl Environ Microbiol. 1998 Dec;64(12):4658-62 [9835545] Appl Environ Microbiol. 1984 Nov;48(5):918-23 [6508306] Appl Environ Microbiol. 1988 Oct;54(10):2492-9 [2849380] Appl Environ Microbiol. 1984 Aug;48(2):317-23 [6091546] N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Air pollution and birth weight among term infants in California. AN - 67340882; 15629991 AB - To examine associations between birth weight and air pollution among full-term infants in California. We matched exposure data collected from air pollution monitors for small particles (PM(2.5)) and carbon monoxide (CO) to California birth records for singleton births delivered at 40 weeks' gestation in 2000 using the locations of the monitors and mother's residence. Pollution measurements collected within 5 miles of the mother's residence, averaged for the time period corresponding to the duration of pregnancy and each trimester, were used as exposure variables. Logistic and linear regression models were used to estimate the associations between the pollution measures and 2 pregnancy outcomes: small for gestational age (SGA) and birth weight. Variations of the models were used to examine the robustness of the findings. The adjusted odds ratio for SGA for exposure in the highest compared with lowest quartile of PM(2.5) was 1.26 (95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.03-1.50). We found no association between CO and birth weight or SGA after controlling for maternal factors and PM(2.5) (mean birth weight difference: 2.6 g; 95% CI: -20.6 to 25.8). The difference in mean birth weight for infants with a 9-month exposure in the highest quartile of PM(2.5) compared with that of infants who were exposed in the lowest quartile was -36.1 g (95% CI: -16.5 g to -55.8 g); this difference was similar after controlling for CO. We did not find PM(2.5) exposure during a particular trimester most important for assessing birth weight; trimester-level associations were similar to those found using the 9-month exposure variable. We found an increased odds of SGA and a small difference in mean birth weight between infants with the highest and lowest exposures to PM(2.5) but not CO. These findings have important implications for infant health because of the ubiquitous exposure to fine particulate air pollution across the United States. JF - Pediatrics AU - Parker, Jennifer D AU - Woodruff, Tracey J AU - Basu, Rupa AU - Schoendorf, Kenneth C AD - Office of Analysis and Epidemiology, National Center for Health Statistics, 3311 Toledo Rd, Hyattsville, MD 20782, USA. jdparker@cdc.gov Y1 - 2005/01// PY - 2005 DA - January 2005 SP - 121 EP - 128 VL - 115 IS - 1 KW - Air Pollutants KW - 0 KW - Carbon Monoxide KW - 7U1EE4V452 KW - Abridged Index Medicus KW - Index Medicus KW - Environmental Monitoring KW - California KW - Odds Ratio KW - Humans KW - Infant, Newborn KW - Pregnancy Trimesters KW - Infant, Small for Gestational Age KW - Female KW - Pregnancy KW - Maternal Exposure -- adverse effects KW - Birth Weight KW - Air Pollution -- analysis KW - Air Pollution -- adverse effects KW - Air Pollutants -- analysis KW - Carbon Monoxide -- adverse effects KW - Air Pollutants -- adverse effects UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/67340882?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Pediatrics&rft.atitle=Air+pollution+and+birth+weight+among+term+infants+in+California.&rft.au=Parker%2C+Jennifer+D%3BWoodruff%2C+Tracey+J%3BBasu%2C+Rupa%3BSchoendorf%2C+Kenneth+C&rft.aulast=Parker&rft.aufirst=Jennifer&rft.date=2005-01-01&rft.volume=115&rft.issue=1&rft.spage=121&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Pediatrics&rft.issn=1098-4275&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 2005-04-19 N1 - Date created - 2005-01-04 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Describing the HIV/AIDS epidemic: using HIV case data in addition to AIDS case reporting. AN - 67335247; 15571988 AB - We examined the demographic and risk characteristics of persons with HIV using traditional AIDS case reporting and the more recent system that includes HIV diagnoses without AIDS. Using data from 25 states with HIV reporting of HIV/AIDS cases diagnosed from 1994 through 2001, we calculated percentage distributions, annual diagnosis rates, and estimated annual percent change (EAPC) for persons with HIV (all HIV diagnoses with or without AIDS) and persons with AIDS. The age at diagnosis of persons with all stages of HIV tended to be younger than that of the subset of persons with AIDS. Annual diagnosis rates decreased more among AIDS cases (men: EAPC, - 9.76; 95% CI, - 12.00, - 7.45; women: EAPC, - 3.40; 95% CI - 5.72, - 1.02) than for persons with HIV (men: EAPC, - 6.14; 95% CI, - 7.66, - 4.60; women: EAPC, - 2.99; 95% CI, - 4.15, - 1.82), except among women and black non-Hispanics, for whom the difference in the decreases in rates for both disease groups were small. Injection drug use was a more common mode of exposure for women with AIDS than for women with HIV. The epidemiology of HIV differs for certain key population groups from that of AIDS. JF - Annals of epidemiology AU - Hall, H Irene AU - Lee, Lisa M AU - Li, Jianmin AU - Song, Ruiguang AU - McKenna, Matthew T AD - Division of HIV/AIDS Prevention, National Center for HIV, STD, and TB Prevention, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA 30333, USA. ihall1@cdc.gov Y1 - 2005/01// PY - 2005 DA - January 2005 SP - 5 EP - 12 VL - 15 IS - 1 SN - 1047-2797, 1047-2797 KW - Index Medicus KW - Sex Factors KW - Humans KW - Aged KW - Substance Abuse, Intravenous -- epidemiology KW - Population Surveillance KW - Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome -- epidemiology KW - Adult KW - Homosexuality, Male -- statistics & numerical data KW - Middle Aged KW - Adolescent KW - Female KW - Male KW - Prevalence KW - Disease Outbreaks KW - HIV Infections -- epidemiology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/67335247?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Annals+of+epidemiology&rft.atitle=Describing+the+HIV%2FAIDS+epidemic%3A+using+HIV+case+data+in+addition+to+AIDS+case+reporting.&rft.au=Hall%2C+H+Irene%3BLee%2C+Lisa+M%3BLi%2C+Jianmin%3BSong%2C+Ruiguang%3BMcKenna%2C+Matthew+T&rft.aulast=Hall&rft.aufirst=H&rft.date=2005-01-01&rft.volume=15&rft.issue=1&rft.spage=5&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Annals+of+epidemiology&rft.issn=10472797&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 2005-03-18 N1 - Date created - 2004-12-01 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Integrating Behavioral Aspects into Community Preparedness and Response Systems AN - 61534057; 200505851 AB - This article examines the role of psychosocial & behavioral dimensions of terrorism that influence community preparedness & homeland defense efforts. Public health interventions will fail if people do not follow the recommendations. A broader public health model is applied to help identify the interactions between risk & safety appraisals, social factors, & behavioral response to uncertain & stressful situations. Community preparedness would benefit by linking disparate programmatic & advocacy initiatives that already exist. It stands to reason that improving the cohesiveness of existing systems of social organization would strengthen community resilience & serve as effective countermeasures for terrorism. 1 Figure, 19 References. Adapted from the source document. COPIES ARE AVAILABLE FROM: HAWORTH DOCUMENT DELIVERY CENTER, The Haworth Press, Inc., 10 Alice Street, Binghamton, NY 13904-1580 JF - Journal of Aggression, Maltreatment & Trauma AU - Reissman, Dori B AU - Spencer, Shauna AU - Tanielian, Terri L AU - Stein, Bradley D AD - Division Violence Prevention, National Center Injury Prevention & Control, Centers Disease Control & Prevention, Atlanta, GA dreissman@cdc.gov Y1 - 2005///0, PY - 2005 DA - 0, 2005 SP - 707 EP - 720 VL - 10 IS - 3-4 SN - 1092-6771, 1092-6771 KW - Psychosocial, mental health, public health, emergency response, community resilience, terrorism, psychological consequences, social consequences, community violence KW - Resilience KW - Public Health KW - Terrorism KW - Disaster Preparedness KW - Community Services KW - article KW - 6152: community development/organizing UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/61534057?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Asocialservices&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Aggression%2C+Maltreatment+%26+Trauma&rft.atitle=Integrating+Behavioral+Aspects+into+Community+Preparedness+and+Response+Systems&rft.au=Reissman%2C+Dori+B%3BSpencer%2C+Shauna%3BTanielian%2C+Terri+L%3BStein%2C+Bradley+D&rft.aulast=Reissman&rft.aufirst=Dori&rft.date=2005-01-01&rft.volume=10&rft.issue=3-4&rft.spage=707&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+Aggression%2C+Maltreatment+%26+Trauma&rft.issn=10926771&rft_id=info:doi/10.1300%2FJ146v10n03_04 LA - English DB - Social Services Abstracts N1 - Date revised - 2007-05-01 N1 - Number of references - 19 N1 - Last updated - 2016-09-28 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Terrorism; Disaster Preparedness; Community Services; Public Health; Resilience DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1300/J146v10n03_04 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - HIV Testing in the Era of Treatment Scale Up AN - 57071005; 200617699 AB - The applicability of Western strategies for reducing HIV/AIDS transmission in sub-Saharan African countries is considered. Problems with the application of the "AIDS exceptionalist" approach to identifying & treating the epidemic to present-day sub-Saharan Africa are highlighted; for instance, it is stressed that the Western-oriented exceptionalist paradigm emphasizes individual treatment & does not acknowledge the familial & social devastation that AIDS has engendered in sub-Saharan African societies. The impact of the creation of anti-retroviral treatment upon the international struggle against AIDS is then discussed. Although international organizations have identified four categories of HIV testing, it is stressed that ambiguities caused by the terms "opt-in" & "opt-out" testing have problematized efforts to routinize HIV testing. Pre- & post-testing counseling are advocated to increase sub-Saharan Africans' willingness to undergo HIV screening. J. W. Parker JF - Health and Human Rights AU - De Cock, Kevin M AD - Centers Disease Control & Prevention, Nairobi, Kenya kdecock@ke.cdc.gov Y1 - 2005///0, PY - 2005 DA - 0, 2005 SP - 31 EP - 35 VL - 8 IS - 2 SN - 1079-0969, 1079-0969 KW - Medical treatment KW - Testing KW - Counseling KW - HIV KW - article UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/57071005?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aassia&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Health+and+Human+Rights&rft.atitle=HIV+Testing+in+the+Era+of+Treatment+Scale+Up&rft.au=De+Cock%2C+Kevin+M&rft.aulast=De+Cock&rft.aufirst=Kevin&rft.date=2005-01-01&rft.volume=8&rft.issue=2&rft.spage=31&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Health+and+Human+Rights&rft.issn=10790969&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - Applied Social Sciences Index & Abstracts (ASSIA) N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-29 N1 - Last updated - 2016-09-27 N1 - CODEN - HHRIF4 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - HIV; Testing; Medical treatment; Counseling ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Occupational exposures and reproductive health: 2003 Teratology Society Meeting Symposium summary AN - 21045457; 6207182 AB - Assuring reproductive health in the workplace challenges researchers, occupational safety and health practitioners, and clinicians. Most chemicals in the workplace have not been evaluated for reproductive toxicity. Although occupational exposure limits are established to protect 'nearly all' workers, there is little research that characterizes reproductive hazards. For researchers, improvements in epidemiologic design and exposure assessment methods are needed to conduct adequate reproductive studies. Occupational safety and health programs' qualitative and quantitative evaluations of the workplace for reproductive hazards may differ from standardized approaches used for other occupational hazards in that estimates of exposure intensity must be considered in the context of the time-dependent windows of reproductive susceptibility. Clinicians and counselors should place the risk estimate into context by emphasizing the limitations of the available knowledge and the qualitative nature of the exposure estimates, as well as what is known about other non- occupational risk factors for adverse outcomes. This will allow informed decision-making about the need for added protections or alternative duty assignment when a hazard cannot be eliminated. These policies should preserve a worker's income, benefits, and seniority. Applying hazard control technologies and hazard communication training can minimize a worker's risk. Chemical reproductive hazard training is required for workers by the Occupational Safety and Health Administration's Hazard Communication Standard. The National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH) has formed a National Occupational Research Agenda Team to promote communication and partnering among reproductive toxicologists, clinicians and epidemiologists, to improve reproductive hazard exposure assessment and management, and to encourage needed research. JF - Birth Defects Research Part B: Developmental and Reproductive Toxicology AU - Grajewski, Barbara AU - Coble, Joseph B AU - Frazier, Linda M AU - McDiarmid, Melissa A AD - National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, Cincinnati, Ohio, BAG2@CDC.GOV Y1 - 2005 PY - 2005 DA - 2005 SP - 157 EP - 163 PB - John Wiley & Sons, Ltd., Baffins Lane Chichester W. Sussex PO19 1UD UK, [mailto:customer@wiley.co.uk], [URL:http://www.wiley.com/] VL - 74 IS - 2 SN - 1542-9733, 1542-9733 KW - Toxicology Abstracts KW - National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (U.S.) KW - reproductive medicine KW - occupational exposure KW - occupational medicine KW - interdisciplinary communication KW - health education KW - exposure assessment KW - Decision making KW - Risk factors KW - Occupational hazards KW - Communication KW - Teratology KW - Congenital defects KW - Toxicity KW - Occupational exposure KW - X 24300:Methods UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/21045457?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxicologyabstracts&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Birth+Defects+Research+Part+B%3A+Developmental+and+Reproductive+Toxicology&rft.atitle=Occupational+exposures+and+reproductive+health%3A+2003+Teratology+Society+Meeting+Symposium+summary&rft.au=Grajewski%2C+Barbara%3BCoble%2C+Joseph+B%3BFrazier%2C+Linda+M%3BMcDiarmid%2C+Melissa+A&rft.aulast=Grajewski&rft.aufirst=Barbara&rft.date=2005-01-01&rft.volume=74&rft.issue=2&rft.spage=157&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Birth+Defects+Research+Part+B%3A+Developmental+and+Reproductive+Toxicology&rft.issn=15429733&rft_id=info:doi/10.1002%2Fbdrb.20039 LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2008-12-01 N1 - Last updated - 2015-03-27 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Decision making; Risk factors; Occupational hazards; Teratology; Communication; Congenital defects; Toxicity; Occupational exposure DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/bdrb.20039 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Water, Sanitation and Hygiene Interventions for Health - What Works? AN - 20495865; 6782626 AB - Every year, some 2 million people die from diarrheal diseases, according to UNICEF and WHO estimates. Much of this disease burden is caused by contaminated drinking water and inadequate sanitation. Although the vital role of safe water and sanitation in maintaining health has been recognized for centuries, many families - especially those in the developing world - still lack adequate services. Increasing coverage is a key development priority. The Millennium Development Goals targets include halving the number of people without sustainable access to safe water and basic sanitation by the year 2015. JF - Environment Matters AU - Kaufmann, R AD - Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, rkaufmann@cdc.gov Y1 - 2005 PY - 2005 DA - 2005 SP - 24 EP - 25 KW - Sustainability Science Abstracts KW - Sanitation KW - intervention KW - Sustainable development KW - Hygiene KW - Drinking water KW - M3 1010:Issues in Sustainable Development UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/20495865?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Assamodule&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Environment+Matters&rft.atitle=Water%2C+Sanitation+and+Hygiene+Interventions+for+Health+-+What+Works%3F&rft.au=Kaufmann%2C+R&rft.aulast=Kaufmann&rft.aufirst=R&rft.date=2005-01-01&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=24&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Environment+Matters&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-12-01 N1 - Last updated - 2015-03-25 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Sanitation; intervention; Sustainable development; Drinking water; Hygiene ER - TY - JOUR T1 - In vitro genotoxicity of exhaust emissions of diesel and gasoline engine vehicles operated on a unified driving cycle AN - 20127772; 6179668 AB - Acetone extracts of engine exhaust particulate matter (PM) and of vapor-phase semi-volatile organic compounds (SVOCs) collected from a set of 1998-2000 model year normal emitter diesel engine automobile or light trucks and from a set of 1982-1996 normal emitter gasoline engine automobiles or light trucks operated on the California Unified Driving Cycle at 22 degree C were assayed for in vitro genotoxic activities. Gasoline and diesel PM were comparably positive mutagens for Salmonella typhimurium strains YG1024 and YG1029 on a mass of PM extract basis with diesel higher on a mileage basis; gasoline SVOC was more active than diesel on an extracted-mass basis, with diesel SVOC more active on a mileage basis. For chromosomal damage indicated by micronucleus induction in Chinese hamster lung fibroblasts (V79 cells), diesel PM expressed about one-tenth that of gasoline PM on a mass of extract basis, but was comparably active on a mileage basis; diesel SVOC was inactive. For DNA damage in V79 cells indicated by the single cell gel electrophoresis (SCGE) assay, gasoline PM was positive while diesel PM was active at the higher doses; gasoline SVOC was active with toxicity preventing measurement at high doses, while diesel SVOC was inactive at all but the highest dose. JF - Journal of Environmental Monitoring AU - Liu, Yu-Qing AU - Keane, M AU - Ensell, M AU - Miller, W AU - Kashon, M AU - Ong, T-M AU - Mauderly, J AU - Lawson, D AU - Gautam, M AU - Zielinska, B AU - Whitney, K AU - Eberhardt, J AU - Wallace, W AD - National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, 1095 Willowdale Rd., Morgantown, WV 26505, USA, mjkeane@cdc.gov Y1 - 2005/01// PY - 2005 DA - Jan 2005 SP - 60 EP - 66 VL - 7 IS - 1 SN - 1464-0325, 1464-0325 KW - Microbiology Abstracts B: Bacteriology; Toxicology Abstracts; Pollution Abstracts KW - Mutagens KW - Gasoline KW - Motor vehicles KW - Particulate matter KW - Genotoxicity testing KW - Fibroblasts KW - Emissions KW - Chromosome aberrations KW - Exhaust emissions KW - Environmental monitoring KW - Mutagenicity KW - Genotoxicity KW - Salmonella typhimurium KW - Gel electrophoresis KW - Light effects KW - Exhausts KW - Air pollution KW - DNA damage KW - Lung KW - DNA KW - Diesel KW - Acetone KW - Organic compounds KW - Diesel engines KW - J 02310:Genetics & Taxonomy KW - X 24221:Toxicity testing KW - P 6000:TOXICOLOGY AND HEALTH UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/20127772?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologyb&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Environmental+Monitoring&rft.atitle=In+vitro+genotoxicity+of+exhaust+emissions+of+diesel+and+gasoline+engine+vehicles+operated+on+a+unified+driving+cycle&rft.au=Liu%2C+Yu-Qing%3BKeane%2C+M%3BEnsell%2C+M%3BMiller%2C+W%3BKashon%2C+M%3BOng%2C+T-M%3BMauderly%2C+J%3BLawson%2C+D%3BGautam%2C+M%3BZielinska%2C+B%3BWhitney%2C+K%3BEberhardt%2C+J%3BWallace%2C+W&rft.aulast=Liu&rft.aufirst=Yu-Qing&rft.date=2005-01-01&rft.volume=7&rft.issue=1&rft.spage=60&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+Environmental+Monitoring&rft.issn=14640325&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2005-04-01 N1 - Last updated - 2015-03-24 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Environmental monitoring; Mutagens; Mutagenicity; Gasoline; Motor vehicles; Particulate matter; Genotoxicity; Genotoxicity testing; Gel electrophoresis; Fibroblasts; Exhausts; Light effects; Air pollution; DNA damage; Lung; Emissions; DNA; Diesel; Organic compounds; Acetone; Chromosome aberrations; Diesel engines; Exhaust emissions; Salmonella typhimurium ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Special Article: National Surveillance of Dialysis-Associated Diseases in the United States, 2002 AN - 19849768; 6608943 AB - In December 2002, all U.S. chronic hemodialysis centers were surveyed regarding selected patient care practices and dialysis-associated diseases. The results were compared with similar surveys conducted in previous years. In 2002, 85% of hemodialysis centers were free-standing and 81% operated for profit; the proportion of centers operating for profit has increased each year since 1985. During 1995-2002, the percentage of patients who received dialysis through central catheters increased from 13% to 26%; this trend is worrisome, as infections and antimicrobial use are higher among patients receiving dialysis through catheters. However, during the same period, the percentage of patients receiving dialysis through fistulas increased from 22% to 33%. The percentage of centers reporting one or more patients infected or colonized with vancomycin-resistant enterococci (VRE) increased from 12% in 1995 to 30% in 2002. During 1997-2002, the percentage of patients vaccinated against hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection increased from 47% to 56% and the percentage of staff vaccinated increased from 87% to 90%. In 2002, routine testing for antibody to hepatitis C virus (anti-HCV) was performed on patients at 64% of centers; anti-HCV was found in 7.8% of patients. In 2001, the Centers for Disease Control (CDC) published Recommendations for Preventing Transmission of Infections among Chronic Hemodialysis Patients. Centers were surveyed regarding their awareness of the recommendations and about a variety of infection control practices. In general, the incidence of HBV and HCV was not substantially different for the infection control practices evaluated, including where staff obtain clean supplies for patient treatment, reuse of unused and unopened supplies, and practices for changing external transducer filters/protectors. However, in 2002, the incidence of HBV infection was higher among patients in centers where injectable medications were prepared on a medication cart or medication area located in the treatment area compared to a dedicated medication room. Also, those centers that used a disposable container versus a nondisposable container for priming the dialyzer had a significantly lower incidence of HCV. JF - Seminars in Dialysis AU - Finelli, Lyn AU - Miller, Jeremy T AU - Tokars, Jerome I AU - Alter, Miriam J AU - Arduino, Matthew J AD - Epidemiology Branch, Division of Viral Hepatitis, LFinelli@cdc.gov Y1 - 2005/01// PY - 2005 DA - Jan 2005 SP - 52 EP - 61 PB - Blackwell Publishing Ltd., 9600 Garsington Road Oxford OX4 2DQ UK, [URL:http://www.blackwellpublishing.com] VL - 18 IS - 1 SN - 0894-0959, 0894-0959 KW - Microbiology Abstracts B: Bacteriology; Virology & AIDS Abstracts KW - Hepatitis B virus KW - Disease control KW - Hemodialysis KW - Vaccination KW - Dialyzers KW - Antimicrobial agents KW - Disease transmission KW - Filters KW - Antibodies KW - Hepatitis C virus KW - Chronic infection KW - Catheters KW - J 02400:Human Diseases KW - V 22400:Human Diseases UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/19849768?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologyb&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Seminars+in+Dialysis&rft.atitle=Special+Article%3A+National+Surveillance+of+Dialysis-Associated+Diseases+in+the+United+States%2C+2002&rft.au=Finelli%2C+Lyn%3BMiller%2C+Jeremy+T%3BTokars%2C+Jerome+I%3BAlter%2C+Miriam+J%3BArduino%2C+Matthew+J&rft.aulast=Finelli&rft.aufirst=Lyn&rft.date=2005-01-01&rft.volume=18&rft.issue=1&rft.spage=52&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Seminars+in+Dialysis&rft.issn=08940959&rft_id=info:doi/10.1111%2Fj.1525-139X.2005.18108.x LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2009-05-01 N1 - SuppNotes - Figures, 5; tables, 14; references, 24. N1 - Last updated - 2015-03-30 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Filters; Antibodies; Chronic infection; Disease control; Catheters; Vaccination; Hemodialysis; Disease transmission; Antimicrobial agents; Dialyzers; Hepatitis C virus; Hepatitis B virus DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1525-139X.2005.18108.x ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Menstrual function among women exposed to polybrominated biphenyls: A follow-up prevalence study AN - 19746259; 7249849 AB - Alteration in menstrual cycle function is suggested among rhesus monkeys and humans exposed to polybrominated biphenyls (PBBs) and structurally similar polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs). The feedback system for menstrual cycle function potentially allows multiple pathways for disruption directly through the hypothalamic-pituitary-ovarian axis and indirectly through alternative neuroendocrine axes. Methods The Michigan Female Health Study was conducted during 1997-1998 among women in a cohort exposed to PBBs in 1973. This study included 337 women with self-reported menstrual cycles of 20-35 days (age range: 24-56 years). Current PBB levels were estimated by exponential decay modeling of serum PBB levels collected from 1976-1987 during enrollment in the Michigan PBB cohort. Linear regression models for menstrual cycle length and the logarithm of bleed length used estimated current PBB exposure or enrollment PBB exposure categorized in tertiles, and for the upper decile. All models were adjusted for serum PCB levels, age, body mass index, history of at least 10% weight loss in the past year, physical activity, smoking, education, and household income. Results Higher levels of physical activity were associated with shorter bleed length, and increasing age was associated with shorter cycle length. Although no overall association was found between PBB exposure and menstrual cycle characteristics, a significant interaction between PBB exposures with past year weight loss was found. Longer bleed length and shorter cycle length were associated with higher PBB exposure among women with past year weight loss. Conclusion This study suggests that PBB exposure may impact ovarian function as indicated by menstrual cycle length and bleed length. However, these associations were found among the small number of women with recent weight loss suggesting either a chance finding or that mobilization of PBBs from lipid stores may be important. These results should be replicated with larger numbers of women exposed to similar lipophilic compounds. JF - Environmental Health AU - Davis, Stephanie I AU - Blanck, Heidi Michels AU - Hertzberg, Vicki S AU - Tolbert, Paige E AU - Rubin, Carol AU - Cameron, Lorraine L AU - Henderson, Alden K AU - Marcus, Michele AD - Department of Epidemiology, Rollins School of Public Health, Emory University, 1518 Clifton Road, Alanta, GA, 30322, USA, sidavis@cdc.gov Y1 - 2005 PY - 2005 DA - 2005 PB - BioMed Central Ltd., Middlesex House 34-42 Cleveland Street London W1T 4LB UK, [mailto:info@biomedcentral.com], [URL:http://www.biomedcentral.com] VL - 4 SN - 1476-069X, 1476-069X KW - menstrual cycle KW - menstrual function KW - Pollution Abstracts; Toxicology Abstracts; CSA Neurosciences Abstracts; Health & Safety Science Abstracts KW - Article No. 15 KW - Historical account KW - Age KW - Hypothalamus KW - Body mass KW - Physical activity KW - Lipids KW - Lipophilic KW - Income KW - Smoking KW - households KW - Menstrual cycle KW - body mass KW - income KW - polybrominated biphenyls KW - Regression analysis KW - Macaca mulatta KW - Feedback KW - Decay KW - physical activity KW - PCB compounds KW - PCB KW - Education KW - polychlorinated biphenyls KW - Females KW - Body mass index KW - X 24380:Social Poisons & Drug Abuse KW - H 12000:Epidemiology and Public Health KW - P 6000:TOXICOLOGY AND HEALTH KW - N3 11009:Neuroendocrinology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/19746259?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxicologyabstracts&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Environmental+Health&rft.atitle=Menstrual+function+among+women+exposed+to+polybrominated+biphenyls%3A+A+follow-up+prevalence+study&rft.au=Davis%2C+Stephanie+I%3BBlanck%2C+Heidi+Michels%3BHertzberg%2C+Vicki+S%3BTolbert%2C+Paige+E%3BRubin%2C+Carol%3BCameron%2C+Lorraine+L%3BHenderson%2C+Alden+K%3BMarcus%2C+Michele&rft.aulast=Davis&rft.aufirst=Stephanie&rft.date=2005-01-01&rft.volume=4&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Environmental+Health&rft.issn=1476069X&rft_id=info:doi/10.1186%2F1476-069X-4-15 LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2007-07-01 N1 - Last updated - 2015-04-01 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Smoking; Hypothalamus; polychlorinated biphenyls; Menstrual cycle; Lipids; polybrominated biphenyls; Physical activity; Regression analysis; Feedback; Body mass index; Lipophilic; PCB; Historical account; Age; Body mass; Income; households; Education; body mass; income; Decay; Females; physical activity; PCB compounds; Macaca mulatta DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/1476-069X-4-15 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Synthesis and recommendations of the economic evaluation of OHS interventions at the company level conference AN - 19733765; 6647558 AB - Problem: In today's economic environment, enterprises may not be able to fund every new project aimed at promoting health and safety in the workplace. Company level economic evaluation of interventions can provide guidance in sound business decision-making. The Economic Evaluation of Occupational Health and Safety Interventions at the Company Level Meeting brought together members of the global occupational safety and health community interested in encouraging the use of economic knowledge and tools to evaluate economic gains from occupational health and safety interventions. Discussion: Discussions of the six models presented explored similarities, reliability, and potential use by corporate enterprises, small and medium enterprises, developing and transitioning nations, and economic theorists. Each group provided specific projects that could be pursued to advance knowledge in the area of economic evaluation at the company level. Conclusion: This conference established pathway to incorporate economic evaluation of health and safety interventions or programs at the workplace. JF - Journal of Safety Research AU - Biddle, Elyce AU - Ray, Tapas AU - Owusu-Edusei, Kwame AU - Camm, Thomas AD - Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Division of Safety Research, National Institute for Occupational Safety; Health, 1095 Willowdale Road. M/S 1811, 26505 Morgantown, WV, United States, EBiddle@cdc.gov Y1 - 2005 PY - 2005 DA - 2005 SP - 261 EP - 267 PB - Elsevier Science Ltd., Pergamon, P.O. Box 800 Kidlington Oxford OX5 1DX UK, [mailto:nlinfo-f@elsevier.nl], [URL:http://www.elsevier.nl] VL - 36 IS - 3 SN - 0022-4375, 0022-4375 KW - Health & Safety Science Abstracts KW - Occupational health and safety KW - Economic evaluation KW - Corporate enterprises KW - Small and medium enterprises KW - Developing and transitioning nations KW - Economic theory KW - Occupational safety KW - Economics KW - decision making KW - Occupational health KW - Health promotion KW - H 1000:Occupational Safety and Health UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/19733765?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Ahealthsafetyabstracts&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Safety+Research&rft.atitle=Synthesis+and+recommendations+of+the+economic+evaluation+of+OHS+interventions+at+the+company+level+conference&rft.au=Biddle%2C+Elyce%3BRay%2C+Tapas%3BOwusu-Edusei%2C+Kwame%3BCamm%2C+Thomas&rft.aulast=Biddle&rft.aufirst=Elyce&rft.date=2005-01-01&rft.volume=36&rft.issue=3&rft.spage=261&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+Safety+Research&rft.issn=00224375&rft_id=info:doi/10.1016%2Fj.jsr.2005.06.008 LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2009-04-01 N1 - Last updated - 2015-03-30 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Economics; Occupational safety; decision making; Health promotion; Occupational health DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jsr.2005.06.008 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Long-term effectiveness of weight-loss interventions in adults with pre-diabetes A review AN - 19658420; 8790779 AB - Abstract not available. JF - American Journal of Preventive Medicine AU - Norris, Susan L AU - Zhang, Xuanping AU - Avenell, Alison AU - Gregg, Edward AU - Bowman, Barbara AU - Schmid, Christopher H AU - Lau, Joseph AD - Division of Diabetes Translation, National Center for Chronic Disease Prevention and Health Promotion, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia Y1 - 2005/01// PY - 2005 DA - Jan 2005 SP - 126 EP - 139 PB - Elsevier Science, The Boulevard Langford Lane Kidlington Oxford OX5 1GB UK, [mailto:nlinfo-f@elsevier.nl], [URL:http://www.elsevier.nl] VL - 28 IS - 1 SN - 0749-3797, 0749-3797 KW - Physical Education Index KW - Adults KW - PE 030:Exercise, Health & Physical Fitness UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/19658420?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aphysicaleducation&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=American+Journal+of+Preventive+Medicine&rft.atitle=Long-term+effectiveness+of+weight-loss+interventions+in+adults+with+pre-diabetes+A+review&rft.au=Norris%2C+Susan+L%3BZhang%2C+Xuanping%3BAvenell%2C+Alison%3BGregg%2C+Edward%3BBowman%2C+Barbara%3BSchmid%2C+Christopher+H%3BLau%2C+Joseph&rft.aulast=Norris&rft.aufirst=Susan&rft.date=2005-01-01&rft.volume=28&rft.issue=1&rft.spage=126&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=American+Journal+of+Preventive+Medicine&rft.issn=07493797&rft_id=info:doi/10.1016%2Fj.amepre.2004.08.006 LA - English DB - Physical Education Index N1 - Date revised - 2009-02-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-14 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Adults DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.amepre.2004.08.006 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Values for preventing influenza-related morbidity and vaccine adverse events in children AN - 19533100; 7248280 AB - Influenza vaccination recently has been recommended for children 6-23 months old, but is not currently recommended for routine use in non-high-risk older children. Information on disease impact, costs, benefits, risks, and community preferences could help guide decisions about which age and risk groups should be vaccinated and strategies for improving coverage. The objective of this study was to measure preferences and willingness-to-pay for changes in health-related quality of life associated with uncomplicated influenza and two rarely-occurring vaccination-related adverse events (anaphylaxis and Guillain- Barre syndrome) in children. Methods We conducted telephone interviews with adult members selected at random from a large New England HMO (n = 112). Respondents were given descriptions of four health outcomes: uncomplicated influenza in a hypothetical 1-year-old child of their own, uncomplicated influenza in a hypothetical 14-year-old child of their own, anaphylaxis following vaccination, and Guillain-Barre syndrome. "Uncomplicated influenza" did not require a physician's visit or hospitalization. Preferences (values) for these health outcomes were measured using time-tradeoff and willingness-to-pay questions. Time-tradeoff questions asked the adult to assume they had a child and to consider how much time from the end of their own life they would be willing to surrender to avoid the health outcome in the child. Results Respondents said they would give a median of zero days of their lives to prevent an episode of uncomplicated influenza in either their (hypothetical) 1-year-old or 14-year-old, 30 days to prevent an episode of vaccination-related anaphylaxis, and 3 years to prevent a vaccination-related case of Guillain-Barre syndrome. Median willingness-to-pay to prevent uncomplicated influenza in a 1- year-old was $175, uncomplicated influenza in a 14-year-old was $100, anaphylaxis $400, and Guillain-Barre syndrome $4000. The median willingness-to- pay for an influenza vaccination for their children with no risk of anaphylaxis or Guillain-Barre syndrome was $50 and $100, respectively. Conclusion Most respondents said they would not be willing to trade any time from their own lives to prevent uncomplicated influenza in a child of their own, and the time traded did not vary by the age of the hypothetical affected child. However, adults did indicate a willingness-to-pay to prevent uncomplicated influenza in children, and that they would give more money to prevent the illness in a 1- year-old than in a 14-year-old. Respondents also indicated a willingness to pay a premium for a vaccine without any risk of severe complications. JF - Health and Quality Life Outcomes AU - Prosser, Lisa A AU - Bridges, Carolyn Buxton AU - Uyeki, Timothy M AU - Rego, Virginia H AU - Ray, G Thomas AU - Meltzer, Martin I AU - Schwartz, Benjamin AU - Thompson, William W AU - Fukuda, Keiji AU - Lieu, Tracy A AD - Department of Ambulatory Care and Prevention, Harvard Medical School and Harvard Pilgrim Health Care, 133 Brookline Ave., 6th floor, Boston, MA, USA, qzm4@cdc.gov Y1 - 2005 PY - 2005 DA - 2005 PB - PubMed VL - 3 SN - 1477-7525, 1477-7525 KW - Health & Safety Science Abstracts KW - Article No. 18 KW - time-tradeoff KW - willingness-to-pay KW - influenza KW - vaccine KW - children KW - Influenza KW - Prevention KW - Vaccines KW - Children KW - Morbidity KW - Side effects KW - H 11000:Diseases/Injuries/Trauma UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/19533100?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Ahealthsafetyabstracts&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Health+and+Quality+Life+Outcomes&rft.atitle=Values+for+preventing+influenza-related+morbidity+and+vaccine+adverse+events+in+children&rft.au=Prosser%2C+Lisa+A%3BBridges%2C+Carolyn+Buxton%3BUyeki%2C+Timothy+M%3BRego%2C+Virginia+H%3BRay%2C+G+Thomas%3BMeltzer%2C+Martin+I%3BSchwartz%2C+Benjamin%3BThompson%2C+William+W%3BFukuda%2C+Keiji%3BLieu%2C+Tracy+A&rft.aulast=Prosser&rft.aufirst=Lisa&rft.date=2005-01-01&rft.volume=3&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Health+and+Quality+Life+Outcomes&rft.issn=14777525&rft_id=info:doi/10.1186%2F1477-7525-3-18 LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2007-06-01 N1 - Last updated - 2015-04-01 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Influenza; Prevention; Vaccines; Children; Side effects; Morbidity DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/1477-7525-3-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Impact of heptavalent pneumococcal conjugate vaccine on invasive disease, antimicrobial resistance and colonization in Alaska Natives: progress towards elimination of a health disparity AN - 19525688; 6972886 AB - We evaluated invasive pneumococcal disease (IPD), antimicrobial resistance and nasopharyngeal colonization before and after introduction of pneumococcal conjugate vaccine (PCV7) in Alaska Natives (AN), a population with high IPD rates. We obtained IPD rates from population-based surveillance. Colonization was determined from annual surveys among rural AN of all ages and from urban children. After vaccine introduction, vaccine-type IPD rates declined by 91% among AN children -2 years, by 80% among non-Natives -2 years, and by 40% for adults of all races (P - 0.001 each). IPD decreased for isolates resistant to penicillin, erythromycin and cotrimoxazole (P - 0.001 each). Vaccine-type colonization decreased among rural and urban children -5 years and among rural adults (P - 0.001 each). PCV7 vaccine has eliminated a longstanding disparity of vaccine-type IPD for AN children. Decreased vaccine-type colonization and IPD in adults demonstrate indirect vaccine effects. JF - Vaccine AU - Hennessy, Thomas W AU - Singleton, Rosalyn J AU - Bulkow, Lisa R AU - Bruden, Dana L AU - Hurlburt, Debby A AU - Parks, Debra AU - Moore, Matthew AU - Parkinson, Alan J AU - Schuchat, Anne AU - Butler, Jay C AD - Arctic Investigations Program, National Center for Infectious Diseases, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, 4055 Tudor Centre Drive, Anchorage, AK 99508, USA, thennessy@cdc.gov Y1 - 2005 PY - 2005 DA - 2005 SP - 5464 EP - 5473 PB - Butterworth-Heinemann, 313 Washington St. Newton MA 02158 USA VL - 23 IS - 48-49 SN - 0264-410X, 0264-410X KW - Microbiology Abstracts A: Industrial & Applied Microbiology; Microbiology Abstracts B: Bacteriology; Immunology Abstracts KW - Pneumococcal disease KW - Streptococcus pneumoniae KW - Conjugate vaccine KW - Alaska Natives KW - Nasopharyngeal colonization KW - Antimicrobial resistance KW - Disease prevention KW - Surveillance KW - Pediatric vaccine KW - USA, Alaska KW - Colonization KW - Age KW - Drug resistance KW - cotrimoxazole KW - Vaccines KW - Children KW - Erythromycin KW - Races KW - Penicillin KW - A 01340:Antibiotics & Antimicrobials KW - F 06100:Vaccines - active immunity KW - J 02350:Immunology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/19525688?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologyb&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Vaccine&rft.atitle=Impact+of+heptavalent+pneumococcal+conjugate+vaccine+on+invasive+disease%2C+antimicrobial+resistance+and+colonization+in+Alaska+Natives%3A+progress+towards+elimination+of+a+health+disparity&rft.au=Hennessy%2C+Thomas+W%3BSingleton%2C+Rosalyn+J%3BBulkow%2C+Lisa+R%3BBruden%2C+Dana+L%3BHurlburt%2C+Debby+A%3BParks%2C+Debra%3BMoore%2C+Matthew%3BParkinson%2C+Alan+J%3BSchuchat%2C+Anne%3BButler%2C+Jay+C&rft.aulast=Hennessy&rft.aufirst=Thomas&rft.date=2005-01-01&rft.volume=23&rft.issue=48-49&rft.spage=5464&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Vaccine&rft.issn=0264410X&rft_id=info:doi/10.1016%2Fj.vaccine.2005.08.100 LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-09-01 N1 - Last updated - 2015-03-25 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Colonization; Age; Drug resistance; cotrimoxazole; Vaccines; Erythromycin; Children; Penicillin; Races; Streptococcus pneumoniae; USA, Alaska DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.vaccine.2005.08.100 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Chlamydia pneumoniae and Mycoplasma pneumoniae in young children from China with community-acquired pneumonia AN - 19513642; 7230377 AB - Eighty-five cases community-acquired pneumonia (CAP) in children 5 years or younger, confirmed by chest X-ray, and 185 age-matched control patients with diarrhea or dermatitis from the Outpatient Department at Beijing Childrens Hospital were enrolled into this study. Nasopharyngeal swab specimens were obtained from all subjects. Real-time PCR-based fluorescence assays were performed for Chlamydia pneumoniae and Mycoplasma pneumoniae. A nested PCR was also run for C. pneumoniae for comparison of assays. C. pneumoniae was found in 3 (3.5%) of CAP cases and in 4 (2.1%) of controls (P = 0.51). M. pneumoniae was found in 6 (7.1%) of CAP cases and in none of the controls (P = 0.001). The agreement rate of the 2 applied PCR methods used for C. pneumoniae detection was 98.5%. Our study demonstrates that M. pneumoniae may play a significant role in CAP affecting children up to 5 years in China, whereas C. pneumoniae in nasopharyngeal specimens was not associated with CAP in this age group. JF - Diagnostic Microbiology and Infectious Disease AU - Liu, Gang AU - Talkington, Deborah F AU - Fields, Barry S AU - Levine, Orin S AU - Yang, Yonghong AU - Tondella, Maria Lucia C AD - Respiratory Diseases Branch, Division of Bacterial and Mycotic Diseases, National Center for Infectious Diseases, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA 30333, USA, mlt5@cdc.gov Y1 - 2005 PY - 2005 DA - 2005 SP - 7 EP - 14 PB - Elsevier Science Inc., Box 882 New York NY 10159 USA, [mailto:usinfo-f@elsevier.com] VL - 52 IS - 1 SN - 0732-8893, 0732-8893 KW - Microbiology Abstracts B: Bacteriology KW - Chlamydia pneumoniae KW - Mycoplasma pneumoniae KW - Community-acquired pneumonia KW - Real-time PCR KW - PCR KW - China KW - Pneumonia KW - Fluorescence KW - Diarrhea KW - Polymerase chain reaction KW - Chlamydophila pneumoniae KW - Children KW - Chest KW - Dermatitis KW - Hospitals KW - J 02400:Human Diseases UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/19513642?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologyb&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Diagnostic+Microbiology+and+Infectious+Disease&rft.atitle=Chlamydia+pneumoniae+and+Mycoplasma+pneumoniae+in+young+children+from+China+with+community-acquired+pneumonia&rft.au=Liu%2C+Gang%3BTalkington%2C+Deborah+F%3BFields%2C+Barry+S%3BLevine%2C+Orin+S%3BYang%2C+Yonghong%3BTondella%2C+Maria+Lucia+C&rft.aulast=Liu&rft.aufirst=Gang&rft.date=2005-01-01&rft.volume=52&rft.issue=1&rft.spage=7&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Diagnostic+Microbiology+and+Infectious+Disease&rft.issn=07328893&rft_id=info:doi/10.1016%2Fj.diagmicrobio.2005.01.005 LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2007-02-01 N1 - Last updated - 2015-04-01 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Diarrhea; Fluorescence; Polymerase chain reaction; Chest; Children; Pneumonia; Hospitals; Dermatitis; Mycoplasma pneumoniae; Chlamydophila pneumoniae DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.diagmicrobio.2005.01.005 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Cancer Internet Search Activity on a Major Search Engine, United States 2001-2003 AN - 19422613; 6538871 AB - Background: To locate online health information, Internet users typically use a search engine, such as Yahoo! or Google. We studied Yahoo! search activity related to the 23 most common cancers in the United States. Objective: The objective was to test three potential correlates of Yahoo! cancer search activity--estimated cancer incidence, estimated cancer mortality, and the volume of cancer news coverage--and to study the periodicity of and peaks in Yahoo! cancer search activity. Methods: Yahoo! cancer search activity was obtained from a proprietary database called the Yahoo! Buzz Index. The American Cancer Society's estimates of cancer incidence and mortality were used. News reports associated with specific cancer types were identified using the LexisNexis "US News" database, which includes more than 400 national and regional newspapers and a variety of newswire services. Results: The Yahoo! search activity associated with specific cancers correlated with their estimated incidence (Spearman rank correlation, rho = 0.50, P = .015), estimated mortality ( rho = 0.66, P = .001), and volume of related news coverage ( rho = 0.88, P < .001). Yahoo! cancer search activity tended to be higher on weekdays and during national cancer awareness months but lower during summer months; cancer news coverage also tended to follow these trends. Sharp increases in Yahoo! search activity scores from one day to the next appeared to be associated with increases in relevant news coverage. Conclusions: Media coverage appears to play a powerful role in prompting online searches for cancer information. Internet search activity offers an innovative tool for passive surveillance of health information-seeking behavior. JF - Journal of Medical Internet Research AU - Cooper, C P AU - Mallon, K P AU - Leadbetter, S AU - Pollack, LA AU - Peipins, LA AD - Centers for Disease Control and Prevention 4770 Buford Hwy, NE, MS K-55 Atlanta, GA 30341 USA, lpollack@cdc.gov Y1 - 2005 PY - 2005 DA - 2005 VL - 7 IS - 3 SN - 1438-8871, 1438-8871 KW - Biotechnology and Bioengineering Abstracts KW - Databases KW - Mortality KW - Periodicity KW - Internet KW - Cancer KW - W 30960:Bioinformatics & Computer Applications UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/19422613?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Abiotechresearch&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Medical+Internet+Research&rft.atitle=Cancer+Internet+Search+Activity+on+a+Major+Search+Engine%2C+United+States+2001-2003&rft.au=Cooper%2C+C+P%3BMallon%2C+K+P%3BLeadbetter%2C+S%3BPollack%2C+LA%3BPeipins%2C+LA&rft.aulast=Cooper&rft.aufirst=C&rft.date=2005-01-01&rft.volume=7&rft.issue=3&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+Medical+Internet+Research&rft.issn=14388871&rft_id=info:doi/10.2196%2Fjmir.7.3.e36 LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2007-07-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Cancer; Internet; Mortality; Databases; Periodicity DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.2196/jmir.7.3.e36 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Operationalizing normal accident theory for safety-related computer systems AN - 19293000; 7032933 AB - Computer-related accidents have caused injuries and fatalities in mining as well as other industries. Normal accident theory (NAT) explains that some accidents are inevitable because of system complexity. NAT is a classic argument in organizational sociology although it has been criticized as having imprecise definitions and lacking criteria for quantifying complexity. These limitations are addressed by a unique approach that recasts this organizational theory into an engineering-based methodology to quantify NAT complexities of computer-based systems. In this approach complexity is categorized as external or internal. External complexity is defined by the external behavior of a system, and is quantified by these dependent variables: system predictability, observability, and usability. Dependent variable data contain the perceptions of 32 subjects running simulations of a system. The system's internal complexity is characterized by modeling system-level requirements with the software cost reduction (SCR) formal method. Model attributes are quantified using 15 graph- theoretical metrics - the independent variables. Five of 15 metrics are correlated with the dependent variables as evidenced by structure correlations exceeding 0.25, with standard errors -0.10 and a 95% confidence interval. The results also show that the system predictability, observability, and usability decreased as NAT complexities increased. This research takes a step forward in operationalizing NAT for computerized systems. The research benefits mining and other industries as well. JF - Safety Science AU - Sammarco, John J AD - Pittsburgh Research Laboratory, Mining Injury Prevention Branch, National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, P.O. Box 18070, 626 Cochrans Mill Road, Pittsburgh, PA 15236, USA, JSammarco@cdc.gov Y1 - 2005 PY - 2005 DA - 2005 SP - 697 EP - 714 PB - Elsevier Science B.V., P.O. Box 211 Amsterdam 1000 AE Netherlands, [mailto:nlinfo-f@elsevier.nl], [URL:http://www.elsevier.nl/] VL - 43 IS - 9 SN - 0925-7535, 0925-7535 KW - Health & Safety Science Abstracts KW - System complexity KW - System safety KW - Normal accident theory KW - Mortality KW - Computer programs KW - Accidents KW - Sociology KW - Injuries KW - Perception KW - Occupational safety KW - Economics KW - Simulation KW - H 1000:Occupational Safety and Health UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/19293000?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Ahealthsafetyabstracts&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Safety+Science&rft.atitle=Operationalizing+normal+accident+theory+for+safety-related+computer+systems&rft.au=Sammarco%2C+John+J&rft.aulast=Sammarco&rft.aufirst=John&rft.date=2005-01-01&rft.volume=43&rft.issue=9&rft.spage=697&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Safety+Science&rft.issn=09257535&rft_id=info:doi/10.1016%2Fj.ssci.2005.03.001 LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-09-01 N1 - Last updated - 2015-03-25 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Computer programs; Mortality; Sociology; Accidents; Injuries; Perception; Economics; Occupational safety; Simulation DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ssci.2005.03.001 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Safety considerations for the aging workforce AN - 19289680; 7032905 AB - This paper discusses some of the psychological and physical issues of the aging workforce based on recent literature. Descriptions of physical aging and cognitive aging are presented and the relationship of these factors to worker safety, especially those relevant to the mining industry, is discussed. The authors include suggestions for the integration of this knowledge in the design of appropriate safety and health interventions for older workers. JF - Safety Science AU - Kowalski-Trakofler, Kathleen M AU - Steiner, Lisa J AU - Schwerha, Diana J AD - National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, Pittsburgh Research Laboratory, 626 Cochrans Mill Road, Pittsburgh, PA 15236, United States, kkowalski@cdc.gov Y1 - 2005 PY - 2005 DA - 2005 SP - 779 EP - 793 PB - Elsevier Science B.V., P.O. Box 211 Amsterdam 1000 AE Netherlands, [mailto:nlinfo-f@elsevier.nl], [URL:http://www.elsevier.nl/] VL - 43 IS - 10 SN - 0925-7535, 0925-7535 KW - Health & Safety Science Abstracts KW - Aging worker KW - Cognition KW - Physical capabilities KW - Work demands KW - Ergonomics KW - Mining KW - safety engineering KW - Psychology KW - Occupational safety KW - health promotion KW - Working conditions KW - aging KW - H 1000:Occupational Safety and Health UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/19289680?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Ahealthsafetyabstracts&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Safety+Science&rft.atitle=Safety+considerations+for+the+aging+workforce&rft.au=Kowalski-Trakofler%2C+Kathleen+M%3BSteiner%2C+Lisa+J%3BSchwerha%2C+Diana+J&rft.aulast=Kowalski-Trakofler&rft.aufirst=Kathleen&rft.date=2005-01-01&rft.volume=43&rft.issue=10&rft.spage=779&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Safety+Science&rft.issn=09257535&rft_id=info:doi/10.1016%2Fj.ssci.2005.08.014 LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-09-01 N1 - Last updated - 2015-03-25 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - safety engineering; Psychology; Occupational safety; health promotion; Working conditions; aging DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ssci.2005.08.014 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Acute methyl iodide exposure with delayed neuropsychiatric sequelae: Report of a case AN - 17875520; 6247609 AB - Methyl iodide is a monohalomethane used as an analytic and organic chemistry reagent, as a methylating agent in organic chemical synthesis, and as a fumigant. In an acute exposure, methyl iodide is a pulmonary and dermal irritant. Chronic neurotoxicity has been reported in survivors of acute exposure. A review of the 11 case reports of methyl iodide poisoning in the medical literature of the 20th century found that six of the patients experienced a chronic neurological syndrome characterized primarily by delayed psychiatric, behavioral, and cognitive sequelae. The case patient experienced a massive exposure to methyl iodide with resulting life-threatening burns. During convalescence, various cognitive and behavioral deficits became apparent. The results of a comprehensive evaluation at our occupational toxicology clinic, which included sequential neuropsychometric testing, are described. The findings in the case patient may advance our understanding of the mechanisms and clinical manifestations of chronic neurotoxicity after exposure to methyl iodide. JF - American Journal of Industrial Medicine AU - Schwartz, Michael D AU - Obamwonyi, Andrew O AU - Thomas, Jerry D AU - Moorhead, Joel F AU - Morgan, Brent W AD - Department of Emergency Medicine, Georgia Poison Center/Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia, aeo8@cdc.gov Y1 - 2005 PY - 2005 DA - 2005 SP - 550 EP - 556 PB - John Wiley & Sons, Inc., 111 River Street Hoboken NJ 07030 USA, [mailto:custserv@wiley.com], [URL:http://www.wiley.com/] VL - 47 IS - 6 SN - 0271-3586, 0271-3586 KW - methyl iodide KW - Toxicology Abstracts; Health & Safety Science Abstracts KW - Burns KW - Skin KW - Fumigants KW - Poisoning KW - Case reports KW - Cognitive ability KW - Lung KW - Reviews KW - Neurotoxicity KW - Convalescence KW - X 24151:Acute exposure KW - H 14000:Toxicology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/17875520?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxicologyabstracts&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=American+Journal+of+Industrial+Medicine&rft.atitle=Acute+methyl+iodide+exposure+with+delayed+neuropsychiatric+sequelae%3A+Report+of+a+case&rft.au=Schwartz%2C+Michael+D%3BObamwonyi%2C+Andrew+O%3BThomas%2C+Jerry+D%3BMoorhead%2C+Joel+F%3BMorgan%2C+Brent+W&rft.aulast=Schwartz&rft.aufirst=Michael&rft.date=2005-01-01&rft.volume=47&rft.issue=6&rft.spage=550&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=American+Journal+of+Industrial+Medicine&rft.issn=02713586&rft_id=info:doi/10.1002%2Fajim.20169 LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Neurotoxicity; Burns; Reviews; Skin; Lung; Cognitive ability; Poisoning; Case reports; Convalescence; Fumigants DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ajim.20169 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Potential occupational risks for neurodegenerative diseases AN - 17871461; 6251424 AB - Associations between occupations and neurodegenerative diseases (NDD) may be discernable in death certificate data. Hypotheses generated from 1982 to 1991 study were tested in data from 22 states for the years 1992-1998. Specific occupations and exposures to pesticides, solvents, oxidative stressors, magnetic fields, and welding fumes were evaluated. About one third (26/87) of the occupations hypothesized with neurodegenerative associations had statistically significant elevated mortality odds ratios (MOR) for the same outcome. Occupations with the largest MORs were (a) for presenile dementia (PSD)- dentists, graders/sorters (non-agricultural), and clergy; (b) for Alzheimer's disease (AD)-bank tellers, clergy, aircraft mechanics, and hairdressers; [copyright] for Parkinson's disease (PD)-biological scientists, clergy, religious workers, and post-secondary teachers; and (d) for motor neuron disease (MND)-veterinarians, hairdressers, and graders and sorters (non-agricultural). Teachers had significantly elevated MORs for all four diseases, and hairdressers for three of the four. Non-horticultural farmers below age 65 had elevated PD (MOR = 2.23, 95% CI = 1.47-3.26), PSD (MOR = 2.22, 95% CI = 1.10-4.05), and AD (MOR = 1.76, 95% CI = 1.04-2.81). Sixty hertz magnetic fields exhibited significant exposure-response for AD and, below age 65, for PD (MOR = 1.87, 95% CI = 1.14-2.98) and MND (MOR = 1.63, 95% CI = 1.10-2.39). Welding had elevated PD mortality below age 65 (MOR = 1.77, 95% CI = 1.08-2.75). Support was observed for hypothesized excess neurodegenerative disease associated with a variety of occupations, 60 Hz magnetic fields and welding. Published 2005 Wiley-Liss, Inc. JF - American Journal of Industrial Medicine AU - Park, Robert M AU - Schulte, Paul A AU - Bowman, Joseph D AU - Walker, James T AU - Bondy, Stephen C AU - Yost, Michael G AU - Touchstone, Jennifer A AU - Dosemeci, Mustafa AD - Education and Information Division, National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, Cincinnati, Ohio, rhp9@cdc.gov Y1 - 2005 PY - 2005 DA - 2005 SP - 63 EP - 77 PB - John Wiley & Sons, Inc., 111 River Street Hoboken NJ 07030 USA, [mailto:custserv@wiley.com], [URL:http://www.wiley.com/] VL - 48 IS - 1 SN - 0271-3586, 0271-3586 KW - neurodegenerative diseases KW - Toxicology Abstracts; Health & Safety Science Abstracts; Risk Abstracts KW - Parkinson's disease KW - Alzheimer's disease KW - Aircraft KW - Dementia disorders KW - Welding KW - Occupational exposure KW - Mortality KW - Fumes KW - Solvents KW - Motor neuron disease KW - Working conditions KW - Neurodegenerative diseases KW - Magnetic fields KW - Movement disorders KW - Pesticides KW - R2 23080:Industrial and labor KW - X 24240:Miscellaneous KW - H 1000:Occupational Safety and Health UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/17871461?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Ariskabstracts&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=American+Journal+of+Industrial+Medicine&rft.atitle=Potential+occupational+risks+for+neurodegenerative+diseases&rft.au=Park%2C+Robert+M%3BSchulte%2C+Paul+A%3BBowman%2C+Joseph+D%3BWalker%2C+James+T%3BBondy%2C+Stephen+C%3BYost%2C+Michael+G%3BTouchstone%2C+Jennifer+A%3BDosemeci%2C+Mustafa&rft.aulast=Park&rft.aufirst=Robert&rft.date=2005-01-01&rft.volume=48&rft.issue=1&rft.spage=63&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=American+Journal+of+Industrial+Medicine&rft.issn=02713586&rft_id=info:doi/10.1002%2Fajim.20178 LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Solvents; Welding; Fumes; Mortality; Occupational exposure; Magnetic fields; Working conditions; Pesticides; Neurodegenerative diseases; Movement disorders; Parkinson's disease; Alzheimer's disease; Dementia disorders; Aircraft; Motor neuron disease DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ajim.20178 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Novel Antibiotic-Resistant Pneumococcal Strains Recovered from the Upper Respiratory Tracts of HIV-Infected Adults and Their Children in Kisumu, Kenya AN - 17870723; 6263922 AB - In a survey of genetic diversity within penicillin-nonsusceptible pneumococcal isolates in Kenya, we examined 162 upper respiratory isolates from 104 human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-infected adults and 46 children in a cotrimoxazole prophylaxis study. Antibiotic resistance levels were high; 152 (94.4%) were cotrimoxazole nonsusceptible (134 fully resistant) and 124 (77%) were intermediately penicillin resistant. Isolates nonsusceptible to penicillin and cotrimoxazole (PNCNP) were found among 24 of the 29 serotypes encountered, 15 of which have rarely or never had documented nonsusceptibility to penicillin. These included serotypes 3, 4, 7C, 7F, 10A, 11A, 13, 15A, 15B, 16F, 17F, 19B, 21, 35A, and 35B. Segments of pbp2b genes from 9 PNCNP (serotypes 3, 13, 15A, 16F, 20, and 35A) were typical of resistance-conferring alleles in that they were highly divergent and contained two substitutions thought to be critical for resistance. Similarly, the dhfr genes from 3 PNCNP were divergent and contained a substitution required for cotrimoxazole resistance. Multilocus sequence typing (MLST) of 48 PNCNP revealed 33 sequence types (STs), none of which were previously recorded at http://www.mlst.net. Comparisons with all known STs revealed that 23 of these STs were unrelated to other known STs, whereas 10 STs were highly related to STs from internationally disseminated strains, including 2 of the 26 antibiotic-resistant clones recognized by the Pneumococcal Molecular Epidemiology Network. Based upon differing serotypes expressed by strains of identical or closely similar genotypes, there has been an extensive history of capsular switching within seven genetic clusters represented by these 10 STs and related STs described at http://www.mlst.net. JF - Microbial Drug Resistance AU - Medina, M-J AU - Greene, C M AU - Gertz, R E AU - Facklam, R R AU - Jagero, G AU - Hamel, M AU - Shi, Y P AU - Slutsker, L AU - Feikin AU - Beall, B AD - CDC Respiratory Diseases Branch, Mailstop C02, 1600 Clifton Road, N.E., Atlanta, GA 30333, USA, bbeall@cdc.gov Y1 - 2005 PY - 2005 DA - 2005 SP - 9 EP - 17 VL - 11 IS - 1 SN - 1076-6294, 1076-6294 KW - HIV KW - Virology & AIDS Abstracts; Microbiology Abstracts B: Bacteriology KW - Serotypes KW - Drug resistance KW - Genetic diversity KW - DHFR gene KW - cotrimoxazole KW - Genotypes KW - Kenya KW - Antibiotic resistance KW - Respiratory tract KW - Children KW - Penicillin KW - multilocus sequence typing KW - Epidemiology KW - Human immunodeficiency virus KW - Prophylaxis KW - V 22002:AIDS: Molecular and in vitro aspects KW - J 02845:Ear, nose and respiratory tract KW - J 02795:Antibiotic resistance UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/17870723?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologyb&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Microbial+Drug+Resistance&rft.atitle=Novel+Antibiotic-Resistant+Pneumococcal+Strains+Recovered+from+the+Upper+Respiratory+Tracts+of+HIV-Infected+Adults+and+Their+Children+in+Kisumu%2C+Kenya&rft.au=Medina%2C+M-J%3BGreene%2C+C+M%3BGertz%2C+R+E%3BFacklam%2C+R+R%3BJagero%2C+G%3BHamel%2C+M%3BShi%2C+Y+P%3BSlutsker%2C+L%3BFeikin%3BBeall%2C+B&rft.aulast=Medina&rft.aufirst=M-J&rft.date=2005-01-01&rft.volume=11&rft.issue=1&rft.spage=9&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Microbial+Drug+Resistance&rft.issn=10766294&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Human immunodeficiency virus; Kenya; Serotypes; cotrimoxazole; Penicillin; Children; DHFR gene; Respiratory tract; Antibiotic resistance; Prophylaxis; Epidemiology; Genotypes; Genetic diversity; multilocus sequence typing; Drug resistance ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Aripiprazole (Abilify) Overdose in a Child AN - 17866664; 6238037 AB - Aripiprazole, 7-{4-[4-(2,3-dichlorophenyl)-1-piperazinyl]butyloxy} -3,4-dihydro-2(1H)-quinolinone, is an atypical antipsychotic medication inaugurating the newest class of atypical antipsychotics: the partial dopamine agonists. It has a particularly long half-life of elimination and variable metabolism secondary to genetic polymorphism. We report an unintentional overdose of 195 mg (17.1 mg/kg) of aripiprazole in a 2.5 year-old child. This patient exhibited CNS depression not requiring respiratory support and without significant cardiovascular effects. CNS effects persisted for almost 2 weeks postingestion. JF - Clinical Toxicology AU - Seifert, SA AU - Schwartz, MD AU - Thomas, J D AD - Georgia Poison Center/Emory University, Department of Emergency Medicine, 1600 Clifton Rd., Mailstop F-32, Atlanta, GA 30333, USA, aeo8@cdc.gov Y1 - 2005 PY - 2005 DA - 2005 SP - 193 EP - 195 PB - Taylor & Francis Ltd. VL - 43 IS - 3 SN - 1556-3650, 1556-3650 KW - Aripiprazole KW - Toxicology Abstracts KW - Central nervous system KW - Overdose KW - Dopamine KW - Depression KW - Gene polymorphism KW - Neuroleptics KW - Metabolism KW - X 24111:Acute exposure UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/17866664?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxicologyabstracts&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Clinical+Toxicology&rft.atitle=Aripiprazole+%28Abilify%29+Overdose+in+a+Child&rft.au=Seifert%2C+SA%3BSchwartz%2C+MD%3BThomas%2C+J+D&rft.aulast=Seifert&rft.aufirst=SA&rft.date=2005-01-01&rft.volume=43&rft.issue=3&rft.spage=193&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Clinical+Toxicology&rft.issn=15563650&rft_id=info:doi/10.1081%2FCLT-200053097 LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2009-07-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Neuroleptics; Central nervous system; Overdose; Metabolism; Depression; Gene polymorphism; Dopamine DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1081/CLT-200053097 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Strategies for diagnosis of bacterial vaginosis in a resource-poor setting AN - 17859822; 6179473 AB - This study evaluated Amsel's criteria, the FemExam registered card and pH plus amine methods for the diagnosis of bacterial vaginosis (BV) in a resource-poor setting. Two hundred Azerbaijani women participated in a study about reproductive health that included a gynaecological examination and an interviewer-administered survey. Using the WHO syndromic diagnosis algorithm, nearly all women (99%) had abnormal vaginal discharge. The prevalence of BV by Gram stain was 35%; using pH plus amine, the FemExam registered card and Amsel's criteria, prevalence ranged from 29% to 49%. No behavioural or demographic characteristics were associated with BV as diagnosed by Gram stain. The sensitivity ranged from 0.59 to 0.74 and specificity from 0.65 to 0.92 using the three methods. The pH plus amine test is better than syndromic management protocols, and although it is not the most sensitive or specific of the three methods it will be easiest to implement in resource-poor settings. JF - International Journal of STD & AIDS AU - Posner, S F AU - Kerimova, J AU - Aliyeva, F AU - Duerr, A AD - Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, National Center for Chronic Disease Prevention and Health Promotion, Division of Reproductive Health, 4770 Buford Highway, Mail Stop K-34, Atlanta, GA 30341, USA, shp5@cdc.gov Y1 - 2005/01// PY - 2005 DA - Jan 2005 SP - 52 EP - 55 VL - 16 IS - 1 SN - 0956-4624, 0956-4624 KW - Microbiology Abstracts B: Bacteriology KW - Demography KW - amines KW - Gram stain KW - Vagina KW - Algorithms KW - pH effects KW - Vaginosis KW - J 02847:Genitourinary tract UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/17859822?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologyb&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=International+Journal+of+STD+%26+AIDS&rft.atitle=Strategies+for+diagnosis+of+bacterial+vaginosis+in+a+resource-poor+setting&rft.au=Posner%2C+S+F%3BKerimova%2C+J%3BAliyeva%2C+F%3BDuerr%2C+A&rft.aulast=Posner&rft.aufirst=S&rft.date=2005-01-01&rft.volume=16&rft.issue=1&rft.spage=52&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=International+Journal+of+STD+%26+AIDS&rft.issn=09564624&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Last updated - 2015-03-24 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Demography; amines; Gram stain; Vagina; Algorithms; pH effects; Vaginosis ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Prevalence of asthma by industry in the US population: A study of 2001 NHIS data AN - 17845082; 6247605 AB - The estimated number of US workers potentially exposed to asthmagens ranges from 8 to 20 million. This study was undertaken to estimate the US prevalence of asthma in adults by industry of employment and to identify industries with elevated risk of asthma. Prevalence analysis was performed on 20,991 adults, 18 years of age and older who participated in the 2001 National Health Interview survey. We used SUDAAN software to estimate the prevalence of self-reported physician diagnosed asthma by industry, and odds ratios (ORs) for asthma and industry adjusted for age, sex, race, and smoking status. The overall prevalence of physician diagnosed asthma was 6.5% (95% CI 6.1-6.9); 4.7% (95% CI 4.1-5.3) for males and 8.5% (95% CI 7.9-9.1) for females. In whites, the prevalence and ORs were significantly elevated for printing, publishing, and allied industries (OR = 2.4, 95% CI 1.2-5.0) and health care (OR = 1.3, 95% CI 1.0-1.7). In blacks, ORs were elevated for furniture, lumber, and wood (OR = 5.9, 95% CI 1.4- 25.4) and entertainment and recreation industries (OR = 4.1, 95% CI 1.1-15.9). Other industries with elevated ORs included automobile dealers and gasoline station; durable goods; elementary, secondary schools, and colleges; other personal services; eating and drinking places; entertainment and recreation services; and utility and sanitary. Industries with elevated prevalence of asthma are identified. This information helps to target workplaces where detailed investigations for prevention and control may be appropriate. Am. J. Ind. Med. 47:500-508, 2005. JF - American Journal of Industrial Medicine AU - Bang, Ki Moon AU - Hnizdo, Eva AU - Doney, Brent AD - Division of Respiratory Disease Studies, National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, CDC, Morgantown, West Virginia, KMB2@CDC.GOV Y1 - 2005 PY - 2005 DA - 2005 SP - 500 EP - 508 PB - John Wiley & Sons, Inc., 111 River Street Hoboken NJ 07030 USA, [mailto:custserv@wiley.com], [URL:http://www.wiley.com/] VL - 47 IS - 6 SN - 0271-3586, 0271-3586 KW - Health & Safety Science Abstracts KW - Age KW - Gasoline KW - Motor vehicles KW - males KW - Wood KW - Asthma KW - Respiratory diseases KW - Smoking KW - USA KW - prevention KW - Females KW - H 1000:Occupational Safety and Health UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/17845082?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Ahealthsafetyabstracts&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=American+Journal+of+Industrial+Medicine&rft.atitle=Prevalence+of+asthma+by+industry+in+the+US+population%3A+A+study+of+2001+NHIS+data&rft.au=Bang%2C+Ki+Moon%3BHnizdo%2C+Eva%3BDoney%2C+Brent&rft.aulast=Bang&rft.aufirst=Ki&rft.date=2005-01-01&rft.volume=47&rft.issue=6&rft.spage=500&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=American+Journal+of+Industrial+Medicine&rft.issn=02713586&rft_id=info:doi/10.1002%2Fajim.20170 LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - USA; Respiratory diseases; Asthma; Age; Wood; Gasoline; males; Females; prevention; Motor vehicles; Smoking DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ajim.20170 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Physical and mental health symptoms among NYC transit workers seven and one-half months after the WTC attacks AN - 17844950; 6247602 AB - On September 11, 2001, 600-800 New York City transit (NYCT) workers were working near the World Trade Center (WTC) Towers. After the disaster, employees reported physical and mental health symptoms related to the event. Two hundred sixty-nine NYC transit employees were surveyed for mental and physical health symptoms 71/2 months after the WTC disaster. Workers in the dust cloud at the time of the WTC collapse had significantly higher risk of persistent lower respiratory (OR = 9.85; 95% CI: 2.24, 58.93) and mucous membrane (OR = 4.91; 95% CI: 1.53, 16.22) symptoms, depressive symptoms (OR = 2.48; 95% CI: 1.12, 5.51), and PTSD symptoms (OR = 2.91; 95% CI: 1.003, 8.16) compared to those not exposed to the dust cloud. Additional WTC exposures and potential confounders were also analyzed. Clinical follow up for physical and psychological health conditions should be provided for public transportation workers in the event of a catastrophic event. Am. J. Ind. Med. 47:475-483, 2005. Published 2005 Wiley- Liss, Inc. JF - American Journal of Industrial Medicine AU - Tapp, Loren C AU - Baron, Sherry AU - Bernard, Bruce AU - Driscoll, Richard AU - Mueller, Charles AU - Wallingford, Ken AD - Division of Surveillance, Hazard Evaluations, and Field Studies, National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Cincinnati, Ohio, let7@cdc.gov Y1 - 2005 PY - 2005 DA - 2005 SP - 475 EP - 483 PB - John Wiley & Sons, Inc., 111 River Street Hoboken NJ 07030 USA, [mailto:custserv@wiley.com], [URL:http://www.wiley.com/] VL - 47 IS - 6 SN - 0271-3586, 0271-3586 KW - Health & Safety Science Abstracts; Risk Abstracts KW - Psychology KW - Urban areas KW - Terrorism KW - Stress KW - USA, New York, New York KW - Posttraumatic stress disorder KW - Occupational health KW - R2 23080:Industrial and labor KW - H 1000:Occupational Safety and Health UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/17844950?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Ariskabstracts&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=American+Journal+of+Industrial+Medicine&rft.atitle=Physical+and+mental+health+symptoms+among+NYC+transit+workers+seven+and+one-half+months+after+the+WTC+attacks&rft.au=Tapp%2C+Loren+C%3BBaron%2C+Sherry%3BBernard%2C+Bruce%3BDriscoll%2C+Richard%3BMueller%2C+Charles%3BWallingford%2C+Ken&rft.aulast=Tapp&rft.aufirst=Loren&rft.date=2005-01-01&rft.volume=47&rft.issue=6&rft.spage=475&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=American+Journal+of+Industrial+Medicine&rft.issn=02713586&rft_id=info:doi/10.1002%2Fajim.20177 LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - USA, New York, New York; Terrorism; Posttraumatic stress disorder; Urban areas; Occupational health; Psychology; Stress DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ajim.20177 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - HIV vaccine efficacy trial participation: men who have sex with men's experiences of risk reduction counselling and perceptions of risk behaviour change AN - 17838422; 6178811 AB - Qualitative interviews were conducted with 35 men who have sex with men, enrolled in the world's first phase III HIV vaccine efficacy trial at five US sites, regarding their risk reduction counselling experiences and their perceptions of its impact on risk behaviour. Respondents ranged in age from 20 to 58 years and were predominately white (71.4%) in racial/ethnic origin. Systematic qualitative analysis revealed that a positive counselling experience meant having good rapport with clinic staff. Differences in attitudes toward counselling were related to either a personal approach of balancing an enjoyable sex life with safe sex behaviours (balancing risks) or accepting the consequences of risky sexual behaviour rather than making changes (risk homeostasis). Respondents seeking to balance risks indicated that they saw themselves engaging in safer sexual behaviour almost twice as often as in riskier behaviours. They perceived counselling and behavioural risk assessments to help increase their awareness of personal risk-taking behaviours. Conversely, those with a risk homeostasis approach reported that they had established sexual boundaries prior to trial participation that had thus far proven to be effective in avoiding HIV infection, and that they were comfortable with the level of risk taken. Thus, risk reduction counselling had little to no influence on their sexual practices. Some of these men also indicated that while they had not found the risk reduction information imparted to them by clinic staff to be novel, counselling was beneficial in reinforcing their HIV/AIDS and safe sex knowledge base. JF - AIDS Care AU - Guest, G AU - McLellan-Lemal, E AU - Matia, D M AU - Pickard, R AU - Fuchs, J AU - McKirnan, D AU - Neidig, J L AD - Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, National Center for HIV, STD and TB Prevention, Division of HIV AIDS, Surveillance and Epidemiology, 1600 Clifton Rd, Mailstop E-45, Atlanta, GA 30329, USA, egm4@cdc.gov Y1 - 2005/01// PY - 2005 DA - Jan 2005 SP - 46 EP - 57 VL - 17 IS - 1 SN - 0954-0121, 0954-0121 KW - HIV KW - Risk Abstracts; Virology & AIDS Abstracts KW - Risk assessment KW - vaccines KW - Acquired immune deficiency syndrome KW - Sexual behavior KW - risk reduction KW - USA KW - Perception KW - Human immunodeficiency virus KW - Vaccines KW - sexually transmitted diseases KW - V 22006:AIDS: Other aspects KW - R2 23060:Medical and environmental health UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/17838422?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Ariskabstracts&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=AIDS+Care&rft.atitle=HIV+vaccine+efficacy+trial+participation%3A+men+who+have+sex+with+men%27s+experiences+of+risk+reduction+counselling+and+perceptions+of+risk+behaviour+change&rft.au=Guest%2C+G%3BMcLellan-Lemal%2C+E%3BMatia%2C+D+M%3BPickard%2C+R%3BFuchs%2C+J%3BMcKirnan%2C+D%3BNeidig%2C+J+L&rft.aulast=Guest&rft.aufirst=G&rft.date=2005-01-01&rft.volume=17&rft.issue=1&rft.spage=46&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=AIDS+Care&rft.issn=09540121&rft_id=info:doi/10.1080%2F09540120412331305124 LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Human immunodeficiency virus; USA; risk reduction; Acquired immune deficiency syndrome; Perception; vaccines; sexually transmitted diseases; Vaccines; Risk assessment; Sexual behavior DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/09540120412331305124 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Relation of BMI to fat and fat-free mass among children and adolescents AN - 17826072; 6145795 AB - Although the body mass index (BMI, kg/m super(2)) is widely used as a surrogate measure of adiposity, it is a measure of excess weight, rather than excess body fat, relative to height. We examined the relation of BMI to levels of fat mass and fat-free mass among healthy 5- to 18-y-olds. Dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry was used to measure fat and fat-free mass among 1196 subjects. These measures were standardized for height by calculating the fat mass index (FMI, fat mass/ht super(2)) and the fat-free mass index (FFMI, fat-free mass/ht super(2)). The variability in FFMI was about 50% of that in FMI, and the accuracy of BMI as a measure of adiposity varied greatly according to the degree of fatness. Among children with a BMI-for-age greater than or equal to 85th P, BMI levels were strongly associated with FMI (r = 0.85-0.96 across sex-age categories). In contrast, among children with a BMI-for-age <50th P, levels of BMI were more strongly associated with FFMI (r = 0.56-0.83) than with FMI (r = 0.22-0.65). The relation of BMI to fat mass was markedly nonlinear, and substantial differences in fat mass were seen only at BMI levels greater than or equal to 85th P. BMI levels among children should be interpreted with caution. Although a high BMI-for-age is a good indicator of excess fat mass, BMI differences among thinner children can be largely due to fat-free mass. JF - International Journal of Obesity AU - Freedman, D S AU - Wang, J AU - Maynard, L M AU - Thornton, J C AU - Mei, Z AU - Pierson, RN Jr AU - Dietz, W H AU - Horlick, M AD - CDC Mailstop K-26, 4770 Buford Hwy, Atlanta, GA 30341-3717, USA, DFreedman@CDC.gov Y1 - 2005/01// PY - 2005 DA - Jan 2005 SP - 1 EP - 8 VL - 29 IS - 1 SN - 0307-0565, 0307-0565 KW - Physical Education Index KW - X-Ray KW - Obesity KW - Age KW - Weight KW - Body mass KW - Adolescence KW - Accuracy KW - Fats KW - Height KW - Children KW - PE 030:Exercise, Health & Physical Fitness UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/17826072?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aphysicaleducation&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=International+Journal+of+Obesity&rft.atitle=Relation+of+BMI+to+fat+and+fat-free+mass+among+children+and+adolescents&rft.au=Freedman%2C+D+S%3BWang%2C+J%3BMaynard%2C+L+M%3BThornton%2C+J+C%3BMei%2C+Z%3BPierson%2C+RN+Jr%3BDietz%2C+W+H%3BHorlick%2C+M&rft.aulast=Freedman&rft.aufirst=D&rft.date=2005-01-01&rft.volume=29&rft.issue=1&rft.spage=1&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=International+Journal+of+Obesity&rft.issn=03070565&rft_id=info:doi/10.1038%2Fsj.ijo.0802735 LA - English DB - Physical Education Index N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Children; Height; Fats; Adolescence; X-Ray; Obesity; Age; Weight; Body mass; Accuracy DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/sj.ijo.0802735 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Physical limitations and musculoskeletal complaints associated with work in unusual or restricted postures: A literature review AN - 17808069; 6202186 AB - Introduction: The vast majority of ergonomics research has addressed the demands of work in standing or sitting postures, and understandably so. However, many workers (e.g. underground miners, aircraft baggage handlers, plumbers, agricultural workers, mechanics, and others) are often required to adopt postures such as kneeling, stooping, squatting, or lying down for significant periods of the workday. Method: A literature search was performed using the ISI Web of Science database (for years 1980-2004). Articles retrieved from this search were evaluated in terms of relevance to assessing physical capabilities of workers in these postures and/or the musculoskeletal epidemiology associated with these postures. Results: Work in unusual and restricted postures was associated with significantly higher rates of musculoskeletal complaints compared to workers not adopting these postures in epidemiology studies (Odds Ratios ranging from 1.13 to 13). Some studies suggested a dose-response relationship, with longer exposures leading to increased musculoskeletal complaints. Physical strength and psychophysical lifting capacity vary significantly as unusual or restricted postures are adopted, with lower lifting capacities evident in the kneeling, squatting, and lying positions. Conclusions: Workers who adopt unusual or restricted postures appear to be at higher risk of musculoskeletal complaints and often exhibit reduced strength and lifting capacity. Research needs in this area include improved exposure assessment tools, studies of intervention effectiveness, adaptations of the body in response of work in unusual postures, and elucidation of relevant injury pathways. Impact on Industry: Workers who adopt unusual or restricted postures in their work often experience higher musculoskeletal injury rates. If awkward postures cannot be eliminated in the workplace, jobs should be designed in accordance with the reduced strength and lifting capabilities observed in these postures. JF - Journal of Safety Research AU - Gallagher, S AD - National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, Pittsburgh Research Laboratory, PO Box 18070, Pittsburgh, PA 15236-0070, United States, sfg9@cdc.gov Y1 - 2005 PY - 2005 DA - 2005 SP - 51 EP - 61 PB - Elsevier Science Ltd., Pergamon, P.O. Box 800 Kidlington Oxford OX5 1DX UK, [mailto:nlinfo-f@elsevier.nl], [URL:http://www.elsevier.nl] VL - 36 IS - 1 SN - 0022-4375, 0022-4375 KW - Health & Safety Science Abstracts; Risk Abstracts KW - Agriculture KW - Injuries KW - working conditions KW - Aircraft KW - Dose-response effects KW - Ergonomics KW - musculoskeletal system KW - Reviews KW - lifting KW - Occupational health KW - posture KW - R2 23080:Industrial and labor KW - H 10000:Ergonomics/Human Factors UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/17808069?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Ariskabstracts&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Safety+Research&rft.atitle=Physical+limitations+and+musculoskeletal+complaints+associated+with+work+in+unusual+or+restricted+postures%3A+A+literature+review&rft.au=Gallagher%2C+S&rft.aulast=Gallagher&rft.aufirst=S&rft.date=2005-01-01&rft.volume=36&rft.issue=1&rft.spage=51&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+Safety+Research&rft.issn=00224375&rft_id=info:doi/10.1016%2Fj.jsr.2004.12.001 LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - posture; musculoskeletal system; Reviews; lifting; Injuries; working conditions; Ergonomics; Aircraft; Dose-response effects; Occupational health; Agriculture DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jsr.2004.12.001 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Lower back disorders among forklift operators: An emerging occupational health problem? AN - 17774398; 6182478 AB - Most studies focusing on the occupational hazards associated with forklift operation have examined risks of fatalities and traumatic injuries. Few studies have examined the magnitude of risk of musculoskeletal disorders (MSDs). We review and critically appraise the epidemiological studies conducted on forklift operators in relation to MSDs, such as lower back pain and neck problems. A comprehensive search of databases resulted in the identification of seven epidemiological studies that addressed MSDs. A critical appraisal of these studies was conducted using epidemiological principles and a meta-analysis approach that involved the use of the confidence limit method to determine an overall "meta-odds ratio." The methodological quality of these studies ranged from "marginal" to "average" with the exception of one study, which was considered "good." The meta-odds ratio for lower back pain among forklift operators was 2.13 (95% CI: 1.57, 2.87). Our results suggest that forklift operators are at increased risk of lower back pain. Additional high quality epidemiological studies are needed in the US, however, to determine the magnitude of risk for MSDs. In this regard, studies should address not only lower back pain among forklifts operators, but also neck pain. A full exposure assessment of physical and non-physical factors in these studies is needed. Am. J. Ind. Med. 47:333-340, 2005. JF - American Journal of Industrial Medicine AU - Waters, Thomas AU - Genaidy, Ash AU - Deddens, James AU - Barriera-Viruet, Heriberto AD - National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, Cincinnati Ohio, trw1@cdc.gov Y1 - 2005 PY - 2005 DA - 2005 SP - 333 EP - 340 PB - John Wiley & Sons, Inc., 111 River Street Hoboken NJ 07030 USA, [mailto:custserv@wiley.com], [URL:http://www.wiley.com/] VL - 47 IS - 4 SN - 0271-3586, 0271-3586 KW - forklift operators KW - Health & Safety Science Abstracts; Risk Abstracts KW - Pain KW - Hazards KW - Mortality KW - musculoskeletal system KW - Back injuries KW - USA KW - Reviews KW - Occupational health KW - R2 23080:Industrial and labor KW - H 1000:Occupational Safety and Health UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/17774398?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Ariskabstracts&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=American+Journal+of+Industrial+Medicine&rft.atitle=Lower+back+disorders+among+forklift+operators%3A+An+emerging+occupational+health+problem%3F&rft.au=Waters%2C+Thomas%3BGenaidy%2C+Ash%3BDeddens%2C+James%3BBarriera-Viruet%2C+Heriberto&rft.aulast=Waters&rft.aufirst=Thomas&rft.date=2005-01-01&rft.volume=47&rft.issue=4&rft.spage=333&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=American+Journal+of+Industrial+Medicine&rft.issn=02713586&rft_id=info:doi/10.1002%2Fajim.20146 LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - USA; Back injuries; musculoskeletal system; Pain; Reviews; Hazards; Occupational health; Mortality DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ajim.20146 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Process-related risk of beryllium sensitization and disease in a copper-beryllium alloy facility AN - 17748891; 6152785 AB - Chronic beryllium disease (CBD), which primarily affects the lungs, occurs in sensitized beryllium-exposed individuals. At a copper-beryllium alloy strip and wire finishing facility we performed a cross-sectional survey to examine prevalences of beryllium sensitization and CBD, and relationships between sensitization and CBD and work areas/processes. Current employees (185) were offered beryllium lymphocyte proliferation testing (BeLPT) for sensitization, clinical evaluation for CBD (if sensitized), and questionnaires. We obtained historical airborne beryllium measurements. Participation was 83%. Prevalences of sensitization and CBD were 7% (10/153) and 4% (6/153), respectively; this included employees with abnormal BeLPTs from two laboratories, four diagnosed with CBD during the survey, and one each diagnosed preceding and following the survey. Potential BeLPT laboratory problems were noted; one laboratory was twice as likely to have reported an abnormal result (P < 0.05, all tests), and five times as likely to have reported a borderline or uninterpretable result (P < 0.05, first blood draw and all tests). CBD risk was highest in rod and wire production (P < 0.05), where air levels were highest. Sensitization and CBD were associated with an area in which beryllium air levels exceeded 0.2 mu g/m super(3), and not with areas where this level was rarely exceeded. Employees at this copper-beryllium alloy facility had similar prevalences of sensitization and CBD as workers at facilities with higher beryllium air levels. JF - American Journal of Industrial Medicine AU - Schuler, Christine R AU - Kent, Michael S AU - Deubner, David C AU - Berakis, Michael T AU - McCawley, Michael AU - Henneberger, Paul K AU - Rossman, Milton D AU - Kreiss, Kathleen AD - Division of Respiratory Disease Studies, National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Morgantown, West Virginia, cschuler@cdc.gov Y1 - 2005 PY - 2005 DA - 2005 SP - 195 EP - 205 PB - John Wiley & Sons, Inc., 111 River Street Hoboken NJ 07030 USA, [mailto:custserv@wiley.com], [URL:http://www.wiley.com/] VL - 47 IS - 3 SN - 0271-3586, 0271-3586 KW - Health & Safety Science Abstracts; Toxicology Abstracts; Risk Abstracts KW - Historical account KW - Occupational diseases KW - Lymphocytes KW - Copper KW - occupational diseases KW - Metal finishing industry KW - Occupational exposure KW - Lung KW - Beryllium KW - R2 23080:Industrial and labor KW - X 24166:Environmental impact KW - H 1000:Occupational Safety and Health UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/17748891?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Ariskabstracts&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=American+Journal+of+Industrial+Medicine&rft.atitle=Process-related+risk+of+beryllium+sensitization+and+disease+in+a+copper-beryllium+alloy+facility&rft.au=Schuler%2C+Christine+R%3BKent%2C+Michael+S%3BDeubner%2C+David+C%3BBerakis%2C+Michael+T%3BMcCawley%2C+Michael%3BHenneberger%2C+Paul+K%3BRossman%2C+Milton+D%3BKreiss%2C+Kathleen&rft.aulast=Schuler&rft.aufirst=Christine&rft.date=2005-01-01&rft.volume=47&rft.issue=3&rft.spage=195&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=American+Journal+of+Industrial+Medicine&rft.issn=02713586&rft_id=info:doi/10.1002%2Fajim.20140 LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Beryllium; Copper; Metal finishing industry; Occupational exposure; occupational diseases; Lung; Historical account; Lymphocytes; Occupational diseases DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ajim.20140 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Change in permeation parameters and the decontamination efficacy of three chemical protective gloves after repeated exposures to solvents and thermal decontaminations AN - 17747233; 6129120 AB - Chemical protective clothing (CPC) and gloves, which provide adequate protection, are usually too expensive to be considered disposable. Repeated use of CPC without effective decontamination may result in secondary exposure and injury. However, decontamination may change the physical and/or chemical properties of the barrier material, causing variations in breakthrough time (BT) and steady-state permeation rate (SSPR). Glove materials including neoprene, Guardian butyl rubber, and nitrile synthetic rubber were selected for this study. Toluene and acetone were chosen as the challenge chemicals. Permeation was measured in a closed loop system using a 2.5 cm permeation cell and a MIRAN infrared analyzer (Foxboro, MA). Following the permeation test, the samples were thermally decontaminated. After each exposure/decontamination cycle, BT and SSPR were measured. A total of 260 permeation tests were conducted. Permeation test results were collected on each material/chemical combination for up to 10 exposure/decontamination cycles. On average, changes in BT and SSPR in comparison with respect to new swatches were 11.5% and 13.7% after seven exposure/decontamination cycles. The percentages increased to 26.6% and 15.9% after 10 exposure/decontamination cycles, respectively. For at least seven cycles, the BT mean for four out of five material/chemical combinations tested (neoprene/acetone, neoprene/toluene, nitrile/acetone, and nitrile/toluene) was not significantly different from the original value of the BT for each corresponding swatch. Similarly, the SSPR mean for each of the five material/chemical combinations after at least five cycles was not significantly different from those for new swatches. The BT mean for the butyl/toluene combination, however, was significantly different from the new swatches even after the first exposure/decontamination. The SSPR mean was significantly different after five cycles compared to the new swatches. Except for the butyl/toluene combination, thermal decontamination was an effective method in removing the solvents from the matrix of selected glove materials. Multiple reuses of some chemical protective gloves could be safe if effective decontamination methods are used and the glove materials do not have significant degradation. Am. J. Ind. Med. 47:131-143, 2005. Published 2005 Wiley-Liss, Inc. JF - American Journal of Industrial Medicine AU - Gao, Pengfei AU - El-Ayouby, Nadia AU - Wassell, James T AD - National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, National Personal Protective Technology Laboratory, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, pcg9@cdc.gov Y1 - 2005 PY - 2005 DA - 2005 SP - 131 EP - 143 PB - John Wiley & Sons, Inc., 111 River Street Hoboken NJ 07030 USA, [mailto:custserv@wiley.com], [URL:http://www.wiley.com/] VL - 47 IS - 2 SN - 0271-3586, 0271-3586 KW - Health & Safety Science Abstracts KW - Protective clothing KW - Solvents KW - Gloves KW - Decontamination KW - Occupational exposure KW - H 1000:Occupational Safety and Health UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/17747233?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Ahealthsafetyabstracts&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=American+Journal+of+Industrial+Medicine&rft.atitle=Change+in+permeation+parameters+and+the+decontamination+efficacy+of+three+chemical+protective+gloves+after+repeated+exposures+to+solvents+and+thermal+decontaminations&rft.au=Gao%2C+Pengfei%3BEl-Ayouby%2C+Nadia%3BWassell%2C+James+T&rft.aulast=Gao&rft.aufirst=Pengfei&rft.date=2005-01-01&rft.volume=47&rft.issue=2&rft.spage=131&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=American+Journal+of+Industrial+Medicine&rft.issn=02713586&rft_id=info:doi/10.1002%2Fajim.20121 LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Occupational exposure; Solvents; Decontamination; Protective clothing; Gloves DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ajim.20121 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Radiation exposure from work-related medical X-rays at the Portsmouth Naval Shipyard AN - 17746731; 6152786 AB - Previous analyses suggest that worker radiation dose may be significantly increased by routine occupational X-ray examinations. Medical exposures are investigated for 570 civilian workers employed at the Portsmouth Naval Shipyard (PNS) at Kittery, Maine. The research objective was to determine the radiation exposure contribution of work-related chest X-rays (WRX) relative to conventional workplace radiation sources. Methods were developed to estimate absorbed doses to the active (hematopoietic) bone marrow from X-ray examinations and workplace exposures using data extracted from worker dosimetry records (8,468) and health records (2,453). Dose distributions were examined for radiation and non-radiation workers. Photofluorographic chest examinations resulted in 82% of the dose from medical sources. Radiation workers received 26% of their collective dose from WRX and received 66% more WRX exposure than non- radiation workers. WRX can result in a significant fraction of the total dose, especially for radiation workers who were more likely to be subjected to routine medical monitoring. Omission of WRX from the total dose is a likely source of bias that can lead to dose category misclassification and may skew the epidemiologic dose-response assessment for cancers induced by the workplace. Published 2005 Wiley-Liss, Inc. JF - American Journal of Industrial Medicine AU - Daniels, Robert D AU - Kubale, Travis L AU - Spitz, Henry B AD - Division of Surveillance, Hazard Evaluations, and Field Studies (DSHEFS), National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH), Cincinnati, Ohio, RTD2@CDC.gov Y1 - 2005 PY - 2005 DA - 2005 SP - 206 EP - 216 PB - John Wiley & Sons, Inc., 111 River Street Hoboken NJ 07030 USA, [mailto:custserv@wiley.com], [URL:http://www.wiley.com/] VL - 47 IS - 3 SN - 0271-3586, 0271-3586 KW - Health & Safety Science Abstracts; Toxicology Abstracts KW - X radiation KW - Bone marrow KW - USA, Maine, Kittery KW - Cancer KW - Radiation KW - Dose-response effects KW - Occupational exposure KW - X 24210:Radiation & radioactive materials KW - H 8000:Radiation Safety/Electrical Safety UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/17746731?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxicologyabstracts&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=American+Journal+of+Industrial+Medicine&rft.atitle=Radiation+exposure+from+work-related+medical+X-rays+at+the+Portsmouth+Naval+Shipyard&rft.au=Daniels%2C+Robert+D%3BKubale%2C+Travis+L%3BSpitz%2C+Henry+B&rft.aulast=Daniels&rft.aufirst=Robert&rft.date=2005-01-01&rft.volume=47&rft.issue=3&rft.spage=206&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=American+Journal+of+Industrial+Medicine&rft.issn=02713586&rft_id=info:doi/10.1002%2Fajim.20141 LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - USA, Maine, Kittery; Radiation; Occupational exposure; Dose-response effects; Bone marrow; Cancer; X radiation DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ajim.20141 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - A proportionate mortality study of bricklayers and allied craftworkers AN - 17745754; 6113612 AB - Mortality among members of the International Union of Bricklayers and Allied Craftworkers (IUBAC) is examined. Bricklayers and allied craft workers may be exposed to cobalt, epoxy resins, pitch, lime, and to lung carcinogens such as asbestos, silica, and nickel. Proportionate mortality ratios (PMRs) were computed using US age-, gender-, and race-specific mortality rates for members who died during 1986-1991. Statistically significant PMRs among white men were found for cancers of the esophagus (PMR = 134), stomach (PMR = 131), respiratory system, trachea, bronchus, and lung (PMR = 144), other parts of the respiratory system (PMR = 216), other and unspecified sites (PMR = 125). Elevated PMRs were also found for other diseases of the blood and blood forming organs (PMR = 201), emphysema (PMR = 133) and for asbestosis (PMR = 554), and other respiratory diseases (PMR = 119). Results are consistent with those found in previous studies, and suggest the need for intervention activities directed at the prevention of these cancers, and other respiratory diseases. Am. J. Ind. Med. 47:10-19, 2005. Published 2004 Wiley-Liss, Inc. JF - American Journal of Industrial Medicine AU - Salg, Joyce AU - Alterman, Toni AD - Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, Cincinnati, Ohio, Talterman@cdc.gov Y1 - 2005 PY - 2005 DA - 2005 SP - 10 EP - 19 PB - John Wiley & Sons, Inc., 111 River Street Hoboken NJ 07030 USA, [mailto:custserv@wiley.com], [URL:http://www.wiley.com/] VL - 47 IS - 1 SN - 0271-3586, 0271-3586 KW - Health & Safety Science Abstracts; Pollution Abstracts KW - Nickel KW - Respiratory diseases KW - Cobalt KW - Construction industry KW - Occupational exposure KW - Mortality KW - Asbestos KW - Cancer KW - H 1000:Occupational Safety and Health KW - P 6000:TOXICOLOGY AND HEALTH UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/17745754?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Apollution&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=American+Journal+of+Industrial+Medicine&rft.atitle=A+proportionate+mortality+study+of+bricklayers+and+allied+craftworkers&rft.au=Salg%2C+Joyce%3BAlterman%2C+Toni&rft.aulast=Salg&rft.aufirst=Joyce&rft.date=2005-01-01&rft.volume=47&rft.issue=1&rft.spage=10&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=American+Journal+of+Industrial+Medicine&rft.issn=02713586&rft_id=info:doi/10.1002%2Fajim.20115 LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Mortality; Respiratory diseases; Occupational exposure; Cancer; Construction industry; Nickel; Asbestos; Cobalt DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ajim.20115 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Flock workers' exposures and respiratory symptoms in five plants AN - 17743285; 6129122 AB - Sentinel cases of lymphocytic bronchiolitis in flock production and coating operations triggered a five-plant study of airborne respirable dust and fiber exposures and health symptoms. Job histories from 219 current workers were linked to a job-exposure matrix derived from personal exposure measurements of respirable dust and fibers. Univariate group comparisons and multivariate modeling tested for relations between indices of cumulative and current exposure, and respiratory and systemic symptom outcomes. Respiratory symptoms and repeated flu-like illnesses were associated with use of compressed air to clear equipment (blow-downs) and with respirable dust exposure (current and cumulative) after controlling for smoking. Blow-downs had an equal or greater effect than smoking status on most symptoms. Eliminating compressed air cleaning, engineering control of dust exposure, and respirators are needed to limit exposures to particulates. Longitudinal follow up may provide guidance for a dust or fiber level without adverse respiratory health effects. Published 2005 Wiley-Liss, Inc. JF - American Journal of Industrial Medicine AU - Daroowalla, Feroza AU - Wang, Mei-Lin AU - Piacitelli, Chris AU - Attfield, Michael D AU - Kreiss, Kathleen AD - National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, Division of Respiratory Disease Studies, Morgantown, West Verginia, kkreiss@cdc.gov Y1 - 2005 PY - 2005 DA - 2005 SP - 144 EP - 152 PB - John Wiley & Sons, Inc., 111 River Street Hoboken NJ 07030 USA, [mailto:custserv@wiley.com], [URL:http://www.wiley.com/] VL - 47 IS - 2 SN - 0271-3586, 0271-3586 KW - Health & Safety Science Abstracts; Pollution Abstracts; Toxicology Abstracts KW - Smoking KW - Agriculture KW - Respiration KW - Particulates KW - Dust KW - Respiratory function KW - Occupational exposure KW - Air pollution KW - Fibers KW - Respirators KW - H 1000:Occupational Safety and Health KW - X 24154:Pathology KW - P 6000:TOXICOLOGY AND HEALTH UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/17743285?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxicologyabstracts&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=American+Journal+of+Industrial+Medicine&rft.atitle=Flock+workers%27+exposures+and+respiratory+symptoms+in+five+plants&rft.au=Daroowalla%2C+Feroza%3BWang%2C+Mei-Lin%3BPiacitelli%2C+Chris%3BAttfield%2C+Michael+D%3BKreiss%2C+Kathleen&rft.aulast=Daroowalla&rft.aufirst=Feroza&rft.date=2005-01-01&rft.volume=47&rft.issue=2&rft.spage=144&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=American+Journal+of+Industrial+Medicine&rft.issn=02713586&rft_id=info:doi/10.1002%2Fajim.20120 LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Respiration; Dust; Particulates; Fibers; Smoking; Occupational exposure; Air pollution; Respirators; Respiratory function; Agriculture DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ajim.20120 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Truck drivers and heart disease in the United States, 1979-1990 AN - 17742892; 6129116 AB - Studies of truck drivers and cardiovascular disease (CVD), myocardial infarction, or ischemic heart disease (IHD) are limited, although studies of other professional drivers reported increased risk. US mortality data from 1979 to 1990 for ages 15-90 were used to calculate proportional mortality ratios (PMRs) for heart disease and lung cancer for short and long haul truck drivers. Analysis was performed for Black (998 short haul and 13,241 long haul) truck drivers and White (4,929 short and 74,315 long haul) truck drivers separately. The highest significantly elevated proportionate heart disease (IHD, acute myocardial infarction (AMI), and other forms of heart disease) and lung cancer mortality was found for White and Black male long haul truck drivers age 15-54. Mortality was not significantly elevated for short haul truck drivers of either race or gender, nor for truck drivers who died after age 65, except for lung cancer among White males. An indirect adjustment suggested that smoking could explain the excess IHD mortality, but no direct data for smoking or the other known risk factors for heart disease were available and occupational exposures were not measured. The highest significant excess proportionate mortality for lung cancer, IHD and AMI was found for long haul truck drivers who were under age 55 at death. A cohort or longitudinal study of heart disease among long haul truck drivers, that obtains data for occupational exposures as well as lifestyle risk factors, could help explain inconsistencies between the findings of this and previous studies. Am. J. Ind. Med. 47:113-119, 2005. Published 2005 Wiley- Liss, Inc. JF - American Journal of Industrial Medicine AU - Robinson, Cynthia F AU - Burnett, Carol A AD - National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH), Health- Related Energy Research Branch (HERB), Division of Surveillance, Hazard Evaluations and Field Studies, Cincinnati, Ohio, cfr2@cdc.gov Y1 - 2005 PY - 2005 DA - 2005 SP - 113 EP - 119 PB - John Wiley & Sons, Inc., 111 River Street Hoboken NJ 07030 USA, [mailto:custserv@wiley.com], [URL:http://www.wiley.com/] VL - 47 IS - 2 SN - 0271-3586, 0271-3586 KW - truck drivers KW - Health & Safety Science Abstracts; Risk Abstracts KW - Age KW - Smoking KW - Trucks KW - Lung cancer KW - Mortality KW - males KW - USA KW - Gender KW - Cardiovascular diseases KW - R2 23080:Industrial and labor KW - H 1000:Occupational Safety and Health UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/17742892?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Ariskabstracts&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=American+Journal+of+Industrial+Medicine&rft.atitle=Truck+drivers+and+heart+disease+in+the+United+States%2C+1979-1990&rft.au=Robinson%2C+Cynthia+F%3BBurnett%2C+Carol+A&rft.aulast=Robinson&rft.aufirst=Cynthia&rft.date=2005-01-01&rft.volume=47&rft.issue=2&rft.spage=113&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=American+Journal+of+Industrial+Medicine&rft.issn=02713586&rft_id=info:doi/10.1002%2Fajim.20126 LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - USA; Trucks; Mortality; Lung cancer; Age; males; Smoking; Cardiovascular diseases; Gender DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ajim.20126 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Reducing Enclosed Cab Drill Operator's Respirable Dust Exposure with Effective Filtration and Pressurization Techniques AN - 17719471; 6134077 AB - Many different types of surface mining equipment use enclosed cabs to protect equipment operators from health and safety hazards. The overburden removal and mining process can be extremely dusty and can cause excessive dust exposure. To study this issue, a cooperative research effort was established between the National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, U.S. Silica Co., Clean Air Filter Co., and Red Dot Corp. in an effort to lower respirable dust levels in an enclosed cab on an older surface drill at a silica sand operation. Throughout this research effort, a number of modifications were incorporated into the drill's filtration and pressurization system, as well as in other areas, to improve its design and performance. An average cab efficiency of 93.4% was determined with gravimetric sampling instruments when comparing the outside with the inside cab dust levels on the final design. Although this study considered just one operation, the goal was to identify cost-effective improvements that could be implemented on all types of enclosed cabs to lower respirable dust concentrations. Two critical components for an effective enclosed cab system are having a properly designed, installed, and maintained filtration and pressurization system, along with a method for maintaining structural cab integrity, which allows the cab to be positively pressurized. Another important component is maintaining cab cleanliness. Although this research was originally directed toward the mining industry, it is also applicable to agricultural or construction equipment. JF - Journal of Occupational and Environmental Hygiene AU - Cecala, AB AU - Organiscak, JA AU - Zimmer, JA AU - Heitbrink, WA AU - Moyer, E S AU - Schmitz, M AU - Ahrenholtz, E AU - Coppock, C C AU - Andrews, E H AD - NIOSH, P.O. Box 18070, Pittsburgh, PA 15236, USA, aic1@cdc.gov Y1 - 2005/01// PY - 2005 DA - Jan 2005 SP - 54 EP - 63 VL - 2 IS - 1 SN - 1545-9624, 1545-9624 KW - Pollution Abstracts; Health & Safety Science Abstracts KW - Respiration KW - Dust KW - Economics KW - Occupational exposure KW - Sampling instruments KW - Filtration KW - Mining KW - H 1000:Occupational Safety and Health KW - P 6000:TOXICOLOGY AND HEALTH UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/17719471?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Apollution&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Occupational+and+Environmental+Hygiene&rft.atitle=Reducing+Enclosed+Cab+Drill+Operator%27s+Respirable+Dust+Exposure+with+Effective+Filtration+and+Pressurization+Techniques&rft.au=Cecala%2C+AB%3BOrganiscak%2C+JA%3BZimmer%2C+JA%3BHeitbrink%2C+WA%3BMoyer%2C+E+S%3BSchmitz%2C+M%3BAhrenholtz%2C+E%3BCoppock%2C+C+C%3BAndrews%2C+E+H&rft.aulast=Cecala&rft.aufirst=AB&rft.date=2005-01-01&rft.volume=2&rft.issue=1&rft.spage=54&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+Occupational+and+Environmental+Hygiene&rft.issn=15459624&rft_id=info:doi/10.1080%2F15459620590903444 LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Dust; Mining; Filtration; Occupational exposure; Sampling instruments; Economics; Respiration DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/15459620590903444 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Mutations in the gyrA and parC Genes in Ciprofloxacin-Resistant Clinical Isolates of Acinetobacter baumannii in Korea AN - 17640399; 6425258 AB - Mutation with Ser-83 -> Leu in gyrA gene was associated with the principal mutation for ciprofloxacin resistance in clinical isolates of Acinetobacter baumannii. Double mutation, Ser-83 -> Leu in gyrA gene and Ser-80 -> Leu in parC gene, was the most frequently detected among ciprofloxacin-resistant isolates. A novel mutation with Ser-80 -> Trp in parC gene, in addition to mutation in gyrA gene, was associated with a high-level ciprofloxacin resistance. These results suggested that the presence of an additional mutation in the parC gene contributed to a higher-level of ciprofloxacin resistance than a single mutation in the gyrA gene (geometric mean MICs of ciprofloxacin, 44.1 versus 16 mu g/ml, P <0.05). JF - Microbiology and Immunology AU - Lee, Jeom Kyu AU - Lee, Yeong Seon AU - Park, Yong Keun AU - Kim, Bong Su AD - Division of Antimicrobial Resistance Pathogens, Department of Bacteriology, National Institute of Health, Korea Center for Disease Control and Prevention Y1 - 2005 PY - 2005 DA - 2005 SP - 647 EP - 653 PB - Center for Academic Publications Japan, 2-4-16 Yayoi Bunkyo-ku Tokyo 113 Japan, [mailto:capj@crisscross.com] VL - 49 IS - 7 SN - 0385-5600, 0385-5600 KW - Microbiology Abstracts B: Bacteriology KW - J 02795:Antibiotic resistance UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/17640399?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologyb&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Microbiology+and+Immunology&rft.atitle=Mutations+in+the+gyrA+and+parC+Genes+in+Ciprofloxacin-Resistant+Clinical+Isolates+of+Acinetobacter+baumannii+in+Korea&rft.au=Lee%2C+Jeom+Kyu%3BLee%2C+Yeong+Seon%3BPark%2C+Yong+Keun%3BKim%2C+Bong+Su&rft.aulast=Lee&rft.aufirst=Jeom&rft.date=2005-01-01&rft.volume=49&rft.issue=7&rft.spage=647&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Microbiology+and+Immunology&rft.issn=03855600&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2005-10-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Natural History of Plague: Perspectives from More than a Century of Research AN - 17616084; 6194218 AB - For more than a century, scientists have investigated the natural history of plague, a highly fatal disease caused by infection with the gram-negative bacterium Yersinia pestis. Among their most important discoveries were the zoonotic nature of the disease and that plague exists in natural cycles involving transmission between rodent hosts and flea vectors. Other significant findings include those on the evolution of Y. pestis; geographic variation among plague strains; the dynamics and maintenance of transmission cycles; mechanisms by which fleas transmit Y. pestis; resistance and susceptibility among plague hosts; the structure and typology of natural foci; and how landscape features influence the focality, maintenance, and spread of the disease. The knowledge gained from these studies is essential for the development of effective prevention and control strategies. JF - Annual Review of Entomology AU - Gage, K L AU - Kosoy, MY AD - Bacterial Zoonoses Branch, Division of Vector-Borne Infectious Diseases, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Fort Collins, Colorado 80523, USA, KGage@cdc.gov Y1 - 2005 PY - 2005 DA - 2005 SP - 505 EP - 528 VL - 50 SN - 0066-4170, 0066-4170 KW - Insecta KW - Microbiology Abstracts B: Bacteriology; Entomology Abstracts KW - J 02870:Invertebrate bacteriology KW - Z 05206:Medical & veterinary entomology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/17616084?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologyb&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Annual+Review+of+Entomology&rft.atitle=Natural+History+of+Plague%3A+Perspectives+from+More+than+a+Century+of+Research&rft.au=Gage%2C+K+L%3BKosoy%2C+MY&rft.aulast=Gage&rft.aufirst=K&rft.date=2005-01-01&rft.volume=50&rft.issue=&rft.spage=505&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Annual+Review+of+Entomology&rft.issn=00664170&rft_id=info:doi/10.1146%2Fannurev.ento.50.071803.130337 LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2005-07-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1146/annurev.ento.50.071803.130337 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Evaluation of Hook Handles in a Pulling Task AN - 17585090; 6482751 AB - To evaluate the effect of handle design characteristics on subjective ratings and pulling forces, meat-hook handles with various handle shapes, sizes, and hook positions were tested in a pulling task. Finger and phalange force data measured by force sensitive resistors and subjective ratings of discomfort were also evaluated. Generally subjects preferred 37- mm double frustum, 30-mm oval handles followed by 30-mm double frustum handles, 37-mm oval, and 45-mm double frustum handles. In the analyses of total pulling force, 37- and 45-mm double frustum handles showed less required pulling force than the others. The averages of finger force contributions to the total pulling force were 27.2, 28.1, 23.9, and 20.8% in order from index to little fingers. The average of phalange force contributions were 28.8, 33.6, and 37.6% for the distal, middle, and proximal phalanges, respectively. The findings illustrate that the pulling finger forces and subjective discomfort ratings were related to the handle shape as well as handle size. JF - International Journal of Occupational Safety and Ergonomics AU - Kong, Yong-Ku AU - Freivalds, A AU - Kim, Sung Eun AD - Robert A. Taft Laboratories, 4676 Columbia Parkway, MS C-24, Cincinnati, OH 45226, USA, ykong@cdc.gov Y1 - 2005 PY - 2005 DA - 2005 SP - 303 EP - 313 VL - 11 IS - 3 SN - 1080-3548, 1080-3548 KW - Health & Safety Science Abstracts KW - Occupational safety KW - Materials handling KW - Ergonomics KW - H 10000:Ergonomics/Human Factors UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/17585090?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Ahealthsafetyabstracts&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=International+Journal+of+Occupational+Safety+and+Ergonomics&rft.atitle=Evaluation+of+Hook+Handles+in+a+Pulling+Task&rft.au=Kong%2C+Yong-Ku%3BFreivalds%2C+A%3BKim%2C+Sung+Eun&rft.aulast=Kong&rft.aufirst=Yong-Ku&rft.date=2005-01-01&rft.volume=11&rft.issue=3&rft.spage=303&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=International+Journal+of+Occupational+Safety+and+Ergonomics&rft.issn=10803548&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Ergonomics; Materials handling; Occupational safety ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Audio computer-assisted self-interviewing (ACASI) may avert socially desirable responses about infant feeding in the context of HIV AN - 17578551; 6417505 AB - Background: Understanding infant feeding practices in the context of HIV and factors that put mothers at risk of HIV infection is an important step towards prevention of mother to child transmission of HIV (PMTCT). Face-to-face (FTF) interviewing may not be a suitable way of ascertaining this information because respondents may report what is socially desirable. Audio computer-assisted self- interviewing (ACASI) is thought to increase privacy, reporting of sensitive issues and to eliminate socially desirable responses. We compared ACASI with FTF interviewing and explored its feasibility, usability, and acceptability in a PMTCT program in Kenya. Methods: A graphic user interface (GUI) was developed using Macromedia Authorware super( registered )and questions and instructions recorded in local languages Kikuyu and Kiswahili. Eighty mothers enrolled in the PMTCT program were interviewed with each of the interviewing mode (ACASI and FTF) and responses obtained in FTF interviews and ACASI compared using McNemar's X super(2 )for paired proportions. A paired Student's t-test was used to compare means of age, marital-time and parity when measuring interview mode effect and two-sample Student's t-test to compare means for samples stratified by education level - determined during the exit interview. A Chi- Square (X super(2)test) was used to compare ability to use ACASI by education level. Results: Mean ages for intended time for breastfeeding as reported by ACASI were 11 months by ACASI and 19 months by FTF interviewing (p < 0.001). Introduction of complementary foods at <=3 months was reported more frequently by respondents in ACASI compared to FTF interviews for 7 of 13 complementary food items commonly utilized in the study area (p < 0.05). More respondents reported use of unsuitable utensils for infant feeding in ACASI than in FTF interviewing (p = 0.001). In other sensitive questions, 7% more respondents reported unstable relationships with ACASI than when interviewed FTF (p = 0.039). Regardless of education level, respondents used ACASI similarly and majority (65%) preferred it to FTF interviewing mainly due to enhanced usability and privacy. Most respondents (79%) preferred ACASI to FTF for future interviewing. Conclusions: ACASI seems to improve quality of information by increasing response to sensitive questions, decreasing socially desirable responses, and by preventing null responses and was suitable for collecting data in a setting where formal education is low. JF - BMC Medical Informatics and Decision Making AU - Waruru, A K AU - Nduati, R AU - Tylleskaer, T AD - Centres for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), Kenya Medical Research Institute (KEMRI), P.O Box 1578, 040100 Kisumu, Kenya Y1 - 2005 PY - 2005 DA - 2005 PB - BioMed Central Ltd., Middlesex House 34-42 Cleveland Street London W1T 4LB UK, [mailto:info@biomedcentral.com], [URL:http://www.biomedcentral.com] VL - 5 KW - HIV KW - Biotechnology and Bioengineering Abstracts; Bioengineering Abstracts KW - Risk assessment KW - Decision making KW - Feeding KW - Human immunodeficiency virus KW - Food KW - Breast feeding KW - Language KW - Infection KW - Disease transmission KW - Infants KW - W4 140:Bioinformatics & Computers in Health & Medicine KW - W 30965:Miscellaneous, Reviews UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/17578551?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Abiotechresearch&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=BMC+Medical+Informatics+and+Decision+Making&rft.atitle=Audio+computer-assisted+self-interviewing+%28ACASI%29+may+avert+socially+desirable+responses+about+infant+feeding+in+the+context+of+HIV&rft.au=Waruru%2C+A+K%3BNduati%2C+R%3BTylleskaer%2C+T&rft.aulast=Waruru&rft.aufirst=A&rft.date=2005-01-01&rft.volume=5&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=BMC+Medical+Informatics+and+Decision+Making&rft.issn=1472-6947&rft_id=info:doi/10.1186%2F1472-6947-5-24 LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Human immunodeficiency virus; Feeding; Infants; Food; Language; Breast feeding; Risk assessment; Decision making; Infection; Disease transmission DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/1472-6947-5-24 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Exercise responsive genes measured in peripheral blood of women with Chronic Fatigue Syndrome and matched control subjects AN - 17558341; 6218691 AB - Background: Chronic fatigue syndrome (CFS) is defined by debilitating fatigue that is exacerbated by physical or mental exertion. To search for markers of CFS-associated post-exertional fatigue, we measured peripheral blood gene expression profiles of women with CFS and matched controls before and after exercise challenge. Results: Women with CFS and healthy, age-matched, sedentary controls were exercised on a stationary bicycle at 70% of their predicted maximum workload. Blood was obtained before and after the challenge, total RNA was extracted from mononuclear cells, and signal intensity of the labeled cDNA hybridized to a 3800-gene oligonucleotide microarray was measured. We identified differences in gene expression among and between subject groups before and after exercise challenge and evaluated differences in terms of Gene Ontology categories. Exercise-responsive genes differed between CFS patients and controls. These were in genes classified in chromatin and nucleosome assembly, cytoplasmic vesicles, membrane transport, and G protein-coupled receptor ontologies. Differences in ion transport and ion channel activity were evident at baseline and were exaggerated after exercise, as evidenced by greater numbers of differentially expressed genes in these molecular functions. Conclusions: These results highlight the potential use of an exercise challenge combined with microarray gene expression analysis in identifying gene ontologies associated with CFS. JF - BMC Physiology AU - Whistler, Toni AU - Jones, James F AU - Unger, Elizabeth R AU - Vernon, Suzanne D AD - Viral Exanthems and Herpesvirus Branch, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA 30333, USA, taw6@cdc.gov Y1 - 2005 PY - 2005 DA - 2005 PB - BioMed Central Ltd., Middlesex House 34-42 Cleveland Street London W1T 4LB UK, [mailto:info@biomedcentral.com], [URL:http://www.biomedcentral.com] VL - 5 KW - Physical Education Index KW - Bicycle ergometry KW - Measurement KW - Fatigue KW - Women KW - Patients KW - Chronic fatigue syndrome KW - Exercise KW - Exertion KW - Blood KW - Genetics KW - Analysis KW - Work load KW - PE 090:Sports Medicine & Exercise Sport Science UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/17558341?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aphysicaleducation&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=BMC+Physiology&rft.atitle=Exercise+responsive+genes+measured+in+peripheral+blood+of+women+with+Chronic+Fatigue+Syndrome+and+matched+control+subjects&rft.au=Whistler%2C+Toni%3BJones%2C+James+F%3BUnger%2C+Elizabeth+R%3BVernon%2C+Suzanne+D&rft.aulast=Whistler&rft.aufirst=Toni&rft.date=2005-01-01&rft.volume=5&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=BMC+Physiology&rft.issn=1472-6793&rft_id=info:doi/10.1186%2F1472-6793-5-5 LA - English DB - Physical Education Index N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Exercise; Women; Genetics; Blood; Measurement; Bicycle ergometry; Chronic fatigue syndrome; Fatigue; Analysis; Work load; Exertion; Patients DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/1472-6793-5-5 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Mortality of iron and steel workers in Korea AN - 17551751; 6432685 AB - The mortality experience of iron and steel workers from modern plants in developing countries has not been extensively described. Mortality at two Korean iron and steel manufacturing complexes was analyzed using Poisson regression methods with both direct and indirect standardization. Work histories were linked with a national mortality registry. Workers (44,974) hired beginning in 1968 were followed from 1992 to 2001. The 806 deaths observed during 10 years of follow-up comprised 2% of the population at risk and represented a large healthy worker effect (HWE) for all causes (SMR = 0.59, 95% CI = 0.55-0.63) and for cancer (SMR = 0.79, 95% CI = 0.70-0.90). Mortality at subsidiaries was considerably higher than at the parent plants (SRR = 1.71, 95% CI = 1.47-1.99). Relative mortality rates declined with employment duration: > 20 years had significantly reduced mortality (SRR = 0.59, 95% CI = 0.43-0.82) compared to duration < 1 year (test for trend: P = 0.0006). Fatal injury deaths in the first year were highly elevated (SMR = 3.10, 95% CI = 2.17-4.26) declining to less than that expected after 5 years. Cancer mortality was elevated in stainless steel production (SRR = 3.26, 95% CI = 1.37-6.49) and overall mortality was elevated for work in plant maintenance departments (SRR = 1.17, 95% CI = 1.00- 1.37), particularly for fatal injuries (SRR = 1.67, 95% CI = 1.29-2.14). All- cause mortality increased with employment duration in the steel-production departments, as did fatal injuries in material handling/construction. This steelworker cohort exhibits excess mortality in some process areas. More detailed retrospective exposure assessment and future follow-up of this cohort will better define health risks in the modern iron and steel manufacturing. Am. J. Ind. Med. 48:194-204, 2005. JF - American Journal of Industrial Medicine AU - Park, Robert M AU - Ahn, Yeon-Soon AU - Stayner, Leslie T AU - Kang, Seong-Kyu AU - Jang, Jae-Kil AD - National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, Cincinnati, Ohio, rhp9@cdc.gov Y1 - 2005 PY - 2005 DA - 2005 SP - 194 EP - 204 PB - John Wiley & Sons, Inc., 111 River Street Hoboken NJ 07030 USA, [mailto:custserv@wiley.com], [URL:http://www.wiley.com/] VL - 48 IS - 3 SN - 0271-3586, 0271-3586 KW - Toxicology Abstracts; Health & Safety Science Abstracts; Risk Abstracts KW - developing country KW - iron and steel industry KW - retrospective cohort study KW - mortality KW - healthy worker effect KW - stainless steel KW - fatal work injury KW - Risk assessment KW - Manufacturing industry KW - Mortality KW - Injuries KW - Occupational safety KW - Metal industry KW - Cancer KW - Standardization KW - Korea, Rep. KW - Steel KW - Iron KW - Developing countries KW - Occupational exposure KW - R2 23080:Industrial and labor KW - X 24166:Environmental impact KW - H 1000:Occupational Safety and Health UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/17551751?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Ariskabstracts&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=American+Journal+of+Industrial+Medicine&rft.atitle=Mortality+of+iron+and+steel+workers+in+Korea&rft.au=Park%2C+Robert+M%3BAhn%2C+Yeon-Soon%3BStayner%2C+Leslie+T%3BKang%2C+Seong-Kyu%3BJang%2C+Jae-Kil&rft.aulast=Park&rft.aufirst=Robert&rft.date=2005-01-01&rft.volume=48&rft.issue=3&rft.spage=194&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=American+Journal+of+Industrial+Medicine&rft.issn=02713586&rft_id=info:doi/10.1002%2Fajim.20197 LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Last updated - 2015-03-24 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Risk assessment; Standardization; Mortality; Injuries; Steel; Developing countries; Iron; Cancer; stainless steel; Manufacturing industry; Occupational safety; Metal industry; Occupational exposure; Korea, Rep. DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ajim.20197 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Non-fatal transportation injuries among women: Differences in injury patterns and severity by age AN - 17467481; 6659038 JF - Journal of Safety Research AU - Dellinger, Ann M AD - Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, 4770 Buford Highway NE, Mailstop K-63, Atlanta, GA 30341, United States, adellinger@cdc.gov Y1 - 2005 PY - 2005 DA - 2005 SP - 203 EP - 206 PB - Elsevier Science Ltd., Pergamon, P.O. Box 800 Kidlington Oxford OX5 1DX UK, [mailto:nlinfo-f@elsevier.nl], [URL:http://www.elsevier.nl] VL - 36 IS - 2 SN - 0022-4375, 0022-4375 KW - Health & Safety Science Abstracts KW - Age KW - Injuries KW - Accidents KW - Transportation KW - Gender KW - Females KW - H 2000:Transportation UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/17467481?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Ahealthsafetyabstracts&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Safety+Research&rft.atitle=Non-fatal+transportation+injuries+among+women%3A+Differences+in+injury+patterns+and+severity+by+age&rft.au=Dellinger%2C+Ann+M&rft.aulast=Dellinger&rft.aufirst=Ann&rft.date=2005-01-01&rft.volume=36&rft.issue=2&rft.spage=203&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+Safety+Research&rft.issn=00224375&rft_id=info:doi/10.1016%2Fj.jsr.2005.02.002 LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-02-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Gender; Females; Age; Injuries; Accidents; Transportation DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jsr.2005.02.002 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Modeling Cancer Registration Processes with an Enhanced Activity Diagram AN - 17369494; 6467448 AB - Objectives: Adequate instruments are needed to reflect the complexity of routine cancer registry operations properly in a business model. The activity diagram is a key instrument of the Unified Modeling Language (UML) for the modeling of business processes. The authors aim to improve descriptions of processes in cancer registration, as well as in other public health domains, through the enhancements of an activity diagram notation within the standard semantics of UML. Methods: The authors introduced the practical approach to enhance a conventional UML activity diagram, complementing it with the following business process concepts: timeline, duration for individual activities, responsibilities for individual activities within swimlanes, and descriptive text. Results: The authors used an enhanced activity diagram for modeling surveillance processes in the cancer registration domain. Specific example illustrates the use of an enhanced activity diagram to visualize a process of linking cancer registry records with external mortality files. Conclusions: Enhanced activity diagram allows for the addition of more business concepts to a single diagram and can improve descriptions of processes in cancer registration, as well as in other domains. Additional features of an enhanced activity diagram allow to advance the visualization of cancer registration processes. That, in turn, promotes the clarification of issues related to the process timeline, responsibilities for particular operations, and collaborations among process participants. Our first experiences in a cancer registry best practices development workshop setting support the usefulness of such an approach. JF - Methods of Information in Medicine AU - Lyalin, D AU - Williams, W AD - CDC Information Technology Support Contract (CITS), Northrop Grumman Co., Atlanta, Georgia, USA Y1 - 2005 PY - 2005 DA - 2005 SP - 11 EP - 13 VL - 44 IS - 1 SN - 0026-1270, 0026-1270 KW - Biotechnology and Bioengineering Abstracts; Bioengineering Abstracts KW - Mortality KW - Cancer KW - Models KW - Public health KW - W4 130:General Biomedical Engineering: Tools & Techniques KW - W 30965:Miscellaneous, Reviews UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/17369494?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Abiotechresearch&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Methods+of+Information+in+Medicine&rft.atitle=Modeling+Cancer+Registration+Processes+with+an+Enhanced+Activity+Diagram&rft.au=Lyalin%2C+D%3BWilliams%2C+W&rft.aulast=Lyalin&rft.aufirst=D&rft.date=2005-01-01&rft.volume=44&rft.issue=1&rft.spage=11&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Methods+of+Information+in+Medicine&rft.issn=00261270&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-12-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Cancer; Public health; Mortality; Models ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Geographic Variation in the Prevalence of Obesity, Diabetes, and Obesity-Related Behaviors AN - 17315452; 6186150 AB - OBJECTIVE: To examine the variation in the prevalences of obesity and type 2 diabetes in weight loss counseling by health providers and in other potential obesity-related determinants in 100 metropolitan statistical areas in the United States. RESEARCH METHODS AND PROCEDURES: We performed a cross-sectional study using data from the 2000 Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System, the largest telephone survey of health behaviors in the United States, of age-adjusted prevalence of obesity, type 2 diabetes, intake of =>five servings of fruits and vegetables per day, participation in 150 minutes of leisure-time physical activity per week, receipt of weight management advice, and reports of trying to lose or maintain weight among men and women more than 18 years old. RESULTS: The age-adjusted prevalence of obesity ranged from 13.1% to 30.0% and that of type 2 diabetes from 3.3% to 9.2%. Among participants who had visited a physician for a routine checkup in the previous 12 months, 13.1% to 27.1% of all participants recalled receiving advice from a health professional about their weight, and 11.7% to 34.6% of overweight or obese participants recalled receiving advice to maintain or lose weight. DISCUSSION: Significant differences in the prevalence of obesity and self-reported type 2 diabetes and in medical practice patterns regarding weight management advice exist among metropolitan statistical areas. These results suggest important opportunities to investigate reasons for these variations that could potentially be used to mitigate the current epidemic of obesity and to identify areas where obesity and diabetes prevention efforts may need to be targeted. JF - Obesity Research AU - Ford, Earl S AU - Mokdad, Ali H AU - Giles, Wayne H AU - Galuska, Deborah A AU - Serdula, Mary K AD - Divisions of Adult and Community Health and. Nutrition and Physical Activity, National Center for Chronic Disease Prevention and Health Promotion, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia. Y1 - 2005/01// PY - 2005 DA - Jan 2005 SP - 118 EP - 122 PB - North American Association for the Study of Obesity, 1090 Amsterdam Ave., Ste. 14K New York NY 10025 USA, [mailto:helener@mindspring.com], [URL:http://www.naaso.org] VL - 13 IS - 1 SN - 1071-7323, 1071-7323 KW - Risk Abstracts KW - R2 23060:Medical and environmental health UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/17315452?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Ariskabstracts&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Obesity+Research&rft.atitle=Geographic+Variation+in+the+Prevalence+of+Obesity%2C+Diabetes%2C+and+Obesity-Related+Behaviors&rft.au=Ford%2C+Earl+S%3BMokdad%2C+Ali+H%3BGiles%2C+Wayne+H%3BGaluska%2C+Deborah+A%3BSerdula%2C+Mary+K&rft.aulast=Ford&rft.aufirst=Earl&rft.date=2005-01-01&rft.volume=13&rft.issue=1&rft.spage=118&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Obesity+Research&rft.issn=10717323&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-07-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Racial Differences in the Use of Aspirin: An Important Tool for Preventing Heart Disease and Stroke AN - 17264244; 6964371 AB - Background: Regular aspirin use, particularly as secondary prevention, reduces morbidity from heart disease and stroke. Few studies have examined racial/ethnic differences in aspirin use for the prevention of cardiovascular disease (CVD). Methods: Data from the 2001 Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System (n = 2,514 African Americans; n = 865 Hispanics; n = 28,038 Whites) were used to assess racial/ethnic differences in aspirin use. Multivariable logistic regression was used to examine whether the likelihood of aspirin use differs by race/ethnicity after accounting for sociodemographic and CVD risk factors. Results: Regular aspirin use was associated with increasing age, male gender, lower educational attainment, hypertension, diabetes, overweight, and histories of myocardial infarction, coronary heart disease, and stroke. Aspirin use was lower among African Americans and Hispanics than Whites (28.6% and 28.7% vs 37.1%, respectively). After adjustment for sociodemographic and CVD risk factors, African Americans and Hispanics were 30%-40% less likely than Whites (OR = 0.6, 95% CI = 0.5, 0.7, African Americans; OR = 0.7, 95% CI = 0.5, 1.0, Hispanics) to take aspirin. Although aspirin use was higher among those with CVD (73.6% African Americans, 73.6% Hispanics, and 82.7% Whites), after multivariable adjustment, African Americans and Hispanics with CVD remained 30% to 50% less likely to use aspirin than Whites (OR = 0.7, 95% CI = 0.4, 1.2, African Americans; OR = 0.5, 95% CI = 0.2, 1.1, Hispanics). Conclusions: African Americans and Hispanics are less likely to take aspirin than their White counterparts. Differences in sociodemographic characteristics and CVD risk factors do not account for lower aspirin use among racial/ethnic minorities. Additional studies should examine methods to increase aspirin use in these populations. (Ethn Dis. 2005; 15:620-626) JF - Ethnicity & Disease AU - Brown, David W AU - Shepard, David AU - Giles, Wayne H AU - Greenlund, Kurt J AU - Croft, Janet B AD - Division of Adult and Community Health, National Center for Chronic Disease Prevention and Health Promotion, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia Y1 - 2005 PY - 2005 DA - 2005 SP - 620 EP - 626 PB - International Society on Hypertension in Blacks, 2045 Manchester St, NE Atlanta GA 30324 USA, [URL:http://www.ishib.org] VL - 15 IS - 4 SN - 1049-510X, 1049-510X KW - aspirin KW - Risk Abstracts KW - Historical account KW - myocardial infarction KW - hypertension KW - Gender KW - prevention KW - Cardiovascular diseases KW - Ethnic groups KW - Morbidity KW - R2 23060:Medical and environmental health UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/17264244?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Ariskabstracts&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Ethnicity+%26+Disease&rft.atitle=Racial+Differences+in+the+Use+of+Aspirin%3A+An+Important+Tool+for+Preventing+Heart+Disease+and+Stroke&rft.au=Brown%2C+David+W%3BShepard%2C+David%3BGiles%2C+Wayne+H%3BGreenlund%2C+Kurt+J%3BCroft%2C+Janet+B&rft.aulast=Brown&rft.aufirst=David&rft.date=2005-01-01&rft.volume=15&rft.issue=4&rft.spage=620&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Ethnicity+%26+Disease&rft.issn=1049510X&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-08-01 N1 - Last updated - 2015-03-25 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Historical account; myocardial infarction; Gender; hypertension; prevention; Cardiovascular diseases; Morbidity; Ethnic groups ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Yellow fever vaccine: An updated assessment of advanced age as a risk factor for serious adverse events AN - 17237922; 6969167 AB - Since 1996, the scientific community has become aware of 14 reports of yellow fever vaccine (YEL)-associated viscerotropic disease (YEL-AVD) cases and four reports of YEL-associated neurotropic disease (YEL-AND) worldwide, changing our understanding of the risks of the vaccine. Based on 722 adverse event reports after YEL submitted to the U.S. Vaccine Adverse Event Reporting System in 1990-2002, we updated the estimates of the age-adjusted reporting rates of serious adverse events, YEL-AVD and YEL-AND. We found that the reporting rates of serious adverse events were significantly higher among vaccinees aged >=60 years than among those 19-29 years of age (reporting rate ratio = 5.9, 95% CI 1.6-22.2). Yellow fever is a serious and potentially fatal disease. For elderly travelers, the risk for severe illness and death due to yellow fever infection should be balanced against the risk of a serious adverse event due to YEL. JF - Vaccine AU - Khromava, Alena Y AU - Eidex, Rachel Barwick AU - Weld, Leisa H AU - Kohl, Katrin S AU - Bradshaw, Robert D AU - Chen, Robert T AU - Cetron, Martin S AD - Epidemic Intelligence Service, Epidemiology Program Office, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA, USA, MCetron@cdc.gov Y1 - 2005 PY - 2005 DA - 2005 SP - 3256 EP - 3263 PB - Butterworth-Heinemann, 313 Washington St. Newton MA 02158 USA VL - 23 IS - 25 SN - 0264-410X, 0264-410X KW - Yellow fever KW - Health & Safety Science Abstracts; Virology & AIDS Abstracts; Immunology Abstracts KW - Yellow fever vaccine KW - Vaccination/adverse effects KW - Adverse drug reaction reporting systems KW - Age groups KW - Risk assessment KW - Yellow fever virus KW - Age KW - Risk factors KW - Elderly KW - Geriatrics KW - Vaccines KW - Infection KW - Side effects KW - V 22097:Immunization: Vaccines & vaccination: Human KW - F 06100:Vaccines - active immunity KW - H 4000:Food and Drugs UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/17237922?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Ahealthsafetyabstracts&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Vaccine&rft.atitle=Yellow+fever+vaccine%3A+An+updated+assessment+of+advanced+age+as+a+risk+factor+for+serious+adverse+events&rft.au=Khromava%2C+Alena+Y%3BEidex%2C+Rachel+Barwick%3BWeld%2C+Leisa+H%3BKohl%2C+Katrin+S%3BBradshaw%2C+Robert+D%3BChen%2C+Robert+T%3BCetron%2C+Martin+S&rft.aulast=Khromava&rft.aufirst=Alena&rft.date=2005-01-01&rft.volume=23&rft.issue=25&rft.spage=3256&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Vaccine&rft.issn=0264410X&rft_id=info:doi/10.1016%2Fj.vaccine.2005.01.089 LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-08-01 N1 - Last updated - 2015-03-25 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Risk factors; Yellow fever; Geriatrics; Vaccines; Infection; Risk assessment; Age; Elderly; Side effects; Yellow fever virus DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.vaccine.2005.01.089 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Effect of infant immunisation on childhood mortality in rural Bangladesh: analysis of health and demographic surveillance data AN - 17853660; 6130011 AB - Background In developing countries, immunisation programmes must compete with other strategies to improve public health and quality of life. Studies of long-term effects of immunisation programmes are rare. We assessed associations between vaccinations and mortality over 15 years after the introduction of routine infant immunisation programmes in Matlab, Bangladesh. Methods We analysed data recorded in a comprehensive health and demographic surveillance system from 1986 to 2001. We did univariate analyses and assessed vaccinations as independent factors with other variables in Cox models with time dependent covariates. Findings Diphtheria-tetanus-pertussis (DTP) and oral polio vaccination were independently associated with decreased risk of death before age 9 months, as were amount of maternal education, maternal age, and birth order of the child. DTP vaccination was associated with increased survival (hazard ratio=0 times 76, 95% CI 0 times 67-0 times 88; p=0 times 001) in a model evaluating mortality between 6 weeks and 9 months of age. Measles vaccination was also associated with increased survival when data after late immunisation with DTP and Bacille Calmette-Guerin (BCG) were excluded. BCG vaccination was associated with reduced survival; however, children vaccinated with BCG during the first 6 months of life had significantly lower risk of death than those vaccinated later (hazard ratio=0 times 59; 95% CI 0 times 47-0 times 73; p=0 times 0001). Interpretation By contrast with previous findings, we noted substantially reduced mortality among children who received DTP vaccine. This effect could be due to actual protection against pertussis disease and secondary illnesses or to a non-specific benefit, although we cannot rule out epidemiological artifact. Our findings show the value of population-based health surveillance systems. JF - Lancet AU - Breiman, R F AU - Streatfield, P K AU - Phelan, M AU - Shifa, N AU - Rashid, M AU - Yunus, M AD - International Emerging Infections Program, CDC Kenya, Nairobi, Kenya, rbreiman@cdc.gov Y1 - 2004/12/31/ PY - 2004 DA - 2004 Dec 31 SP - 2204 EP - 2211 VL - 364 IS - 9452 SN - 0099-5355, 0099-5355 KW - Microbiology Abstracts B: Bacteriology KW - Mortality KW - Pertussis KW - Data processing KW - Measles KW - Survival KW - Diphtheria KW - Children KW - Tetanus KW - Vaccination KW - Immunization KW - Public health KW - Long-term effects KW - Birth KW - Demography KW - BCG KW - Developing countries KW - Quality of life KW - Infants KW - J 02834:Vaccination and immunization UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/17853660?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologyb&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Lancet&rft.atitle=Effect+of+infant+immunisation+on+childhood+mortality+in+rural+Bangladesh%3A+analysis+of+health+and+demographic+surveillance+data&rft.au=Breiman%2C+R+F%3BStreatfield%2C+P+K%3BPhelan%2C+M%3BShifa%2C+N%3BRashid%2C+M%3BYunus%2C+M&rft.aulast=Breiman&rft.aufirst=R&rft.date=2004-12-31&rft.volume=364&rft.issue=9452&rft.spage=2204&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Lancet&rft.issn=00995355&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Vaccination; Pertussis; Immunization; Mortality; Tetanus; Diphtheria; Children; BCG; Survival; Infants; Demography; Measles; Developing countries; Birth; Data processing; Public health; Long-term effects; Quality of life ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Recovery of a patient from clinical rabies--Wisconsin, 2004. AN - 67199668; 15614231 AB - Rabies is a viral infection of the central nervous system, usually contracted from the bite of an infected animal, and is nearly always fatal without proper postexposure prophylaxis (PEP). In October 2004, a previously healthy female aged 15 years in Fond du Lac County, Wisconsin, received a diagnosis of rabies after being bitten by a bat approximately 1 month before symptom onset. This report summarizes the investigation conducted by the Wisconsin Division of Public Health (WDPH), the public health response in Fond du Lac County, and the patient's clinical course through December 17. This is the first documented recovery from clinical rabies by a patient who had not received either pre- or postexposure prophylaxis for rabies. JF - MMWR. Morbidity and mortality weekly report AU - Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) AD - Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) Y1 - 2004/12/24/ PY - 2004 DA - 2004 Dec 24 SP - 1171 EP - 1173 VL - 53 IS - 50 KW - Index Medicus KW - Animals KW - Chiroptera KW - Humans KW - Bites and Stings KW - Wisconsin KW - Adolescent KW - Female KW - Rabies -- physiopathology KW - Rabies -- transmission UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/67199668?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=MMWR.+Morbidity+and+mortality+weekly+report&rft.atitle=Recovery+of+a+patient+from+clinical+rabies--Wisconsin%2C+2004.&rft.au=Centers+for+Disease+Control+and+Prevention+%28CDC%29&rft.aulast=Centers+for+Disease+Control+and+Prevention+%28CDC%29&rft.aufirst=&rft.date=2004-12-24&rft.volume=53&rft.issue=50&rft.spage=1171&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=MMWR.+Morbidity+and+mortality+weekly+report&rft.issn=1545-861X&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 2004-12-27 N1 - Date created - 2004-12-22 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Acute illness from dry ice exposure during hurricane Ivan--Alabama, 2004. AN - 67189354; 15614236 AB - Natural disasters such as hurricanes often impair delivery of essential services, including electricity. When normal refrigeration methods are unavailable, affected populations seek alternative means of protecting perishable foodstuffs. One alternative is to use frozen carbon dioxide (CO2) (i.e., dry ice). JF - MMWR. Morbidity and mortality weekly report AU - Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) AD - Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) Y1 - 2004/12/24/ PY - 2004 DA - 2004 Dec 24 SP - 1182 EP - 1183 VL - 53 IS - 50 KW - Dry Ice KW - 0 KW - Carbon Dioxide KW - 142M471B3J KW - Index Medicus KW - Humans KW - Adult KW - Alabama KW - Male KW - Carbon Dioxide -- poisoning KW - Dry Ice -- adverse effects KW - Disasters UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/67189354?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=MMWR.+Morbidity+and+mortality+weekly+report&rft.atitle=Acute+illness+from+dry+ice+exposure+during+hurricane+Ivan--Alabama%2C+2004.&rft.au=Centers+for+Disease+Control+and+Prevention+%28CDC%29&rft.aulast=Centers+for+Disease+Control+and+Prevention+%28CDC%29&rft.aufirst=&rft.date=2004-12-24&rft.volume=53&rft.issue=50&rft.spage=1182&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=MMWR.+Morbidity+and+mortality+weekly+report&rft.issn=1545-861X&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 2004-12-27 N1 - Date created - 2004-12-22 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Investigation of a home with extremely elevated carbon dioxide levels--West Virginia, December 2003. AN - 67185974; 15614235 AB - Investigations of indoor air quality complaints typically focus on mold, water damage, ventilation systems, and combustion byproducts and are guided by the nature of the symptoms observed in affected persons. This report documents the investigation of exposures at a home in which the occupants had unusual respiratory and neurologic symptoms. JF - MMWR. Morbidity and mortality weekly report AU - Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) AD - Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) Y1 - 2004/12/24/ PY - 2004 DA - 2004 Dec 24 SP - 1181 EP - 1182 VL - 53 IS - 50 KW - Carbon Dioxide KW - 142M471B3J KW - Index Medicus KW - Humans KW - Adult KW - Male KW - Female KW - West Virginia KW - Carbon Dioxide -- poisoning KW - Carbon Dioxide -- analysis KW - Air Pollution, Indoor -- adverse effects KW - Air Pollution, Indoor -- analysis KW - Housing UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/67185974?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=MMWR.+Morbidity+and+mortality+weekly+report&rft.atitle=Investigation+of+a+home+with+extremely+elevated+carbon+dioxide+levels--West+Virginia%2C+December+2003.&rft.au=Centers+for+Disease+Control+and+Prevention+%28CDC%29&rft.aulast=Centers+for+Disease+Control+and+Prevention+%28CDC%29&rft.aufirst=&rft.date=2004-12-24&rft.volume=53&rft.issue=50&rft.spage=1181&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=MMWR.+Morbidity+and+mortality+weekly+report&rft.issn=1545-861X&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 2004-12-27 N1 - Date created - 2004-12-22 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Survey of airport smoking policies--United States, 2002. AN - 67183792; 15614233 AB - Exposure to secondhand smoke (SHS) causes approximately 38,000 deaths among nonsmokers each year in the United States. The Task Force on Community Preventive Services has documented strong scientific evidence that smoking bans and restrictions are effective in reducing exposure to SHS. In 2002, an estimated 1.9 million workers had jobs at U.S. airports, and more than 1.9 million passengers per day passed through these airports. During the fall of 2002, the Center for Health Promotion and Disease Prevention at the Henry Ford Health System (Detroit, Michigan) conducted the Airport Smoking Policy Survey. This report summarizes the key findings from that survey, which indicated that 61.9% of airports reported being smoke-free in 2002 and that larger airports, which account for the majority of passenger boardings, were less likely than smaller airports to have a smoke-free policy. Increased adoption and enforcement of smoke-free policies are needed to protect the health of workers and travelers at U.S. airports. JF - MMWR. Morbidity and mortality weekly report AU - Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) AD - Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) Y1 - 2004/12/24/ PY - 2004 DA - 2004 Dec 24 SP - 1175 EP - 1178 VL - 53 IS - 50 KW - Tobacco Smoke Pollution KW - 0 KW - Index Medicus KW - Humans KW - Data Collection KW - United States -- epidemiology KW - Travel KW - Smoking -- legislation & jurisprudence KW - Aviation KW - Public Health KW - Tobacco Smoke Pollution -- statistics & numerical data KW - Smoking -- prevention & control KW - Public Policy UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/67183792?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=MMWR.+Morbidity+and+mortality+weekly+report&rft.atitle=Survey+of+airport+smoking+policies--United+States%2C+2002.&rft.au=Centers+for+Disease+Control+and+Prevention+%28CDC%29&rft.aulast=Centers+for+Disease+Control+and+Prevention+%28CDC%29&rft.aufirst=&rft.date=2004-12-24&rft.volume=53&rft.issue=50&rft.spage=1175&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=MMWR.+Morbidity+and+mortality+weekly+report&rft.issn=1545-861X&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 2004-12-27 N1 - Date created - 2004-12-22 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Clinical practice. Prophylaxis against rabies. AN - 67181366; 15602023 JF - The New England journal of medicine AU - Rupprecht, Charles E AU - Gibbons, Robert V AD - Division of Viral and Rickettsial Diseases, National Center for Infectious Diseases, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA 30333, USA. cyr5@cdc.gov Y1 - 2004/12/16/ PY - 2004 DA - 2004 Dec 16 SP - 2626 EP - 2635 VL - 351 IS - 25 KW - Immunoglobulins KW - 0 KW - Rabies Vaccines KW - Abridged Index Medicus KW - Index Medicus KW - Travel KW - Animals KW - Endemic Diseases -- prevention & control KW - Humans KW - Infant KW - Rabies virus -- immunology KW - Chiroptera KW - Adult KW - Dogs KW - Practice Guidelines as Topic KW - Disease Reservoirs KW - United States -- epidemiology KW - Female KW - Immunoglobulins -- therapeutic use KW - Male KW - Rabies -- veterinary KW - Rabies -- transmission KW - Bites and Stings -- complications KW - Rabies -- prevention & control KW - Rabies -- epidemiology KW - Rabies Vaccines -- administration & dosage UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/67181366?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+New+England+journal+of+medicine&rft.atitle=Clinical+practice.+Prophylaxis+against+rabies.&rft.au=Rupprecht%2C+Charles+E%3BGibbons%2C+Robert+V&rft.aulast=Rupprecht&rft.aufirst=Charles&rft.date=2004-12-16&rft.volume=351&rft.issue=25&rft.spage=2626&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=The+New+England+journal+of+medicine&rft.issn=1533-4406&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 2004-12-30 N1 - Date created - 2004-12-16 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - SuppNotes - Comment In: N Engl J Med. 2005 Apr 14;352(15):1608-10; author reply 1608-10 [15832456] N Engl J Med. 2005 Apr 14;352(15):1608-10; author reply 1608-10 [15832455] N Engl J Med. 2005 Apr 14;352(15):1608-10; author reply 1608-10 [15829548] N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Vaccination of persons allergic to latex: a review of safety data in the Vaccine Adverse Event Reporting System (VAERS). AN - 67075830; 15542187 AB - Vaccine products currently licensed in the US and other countries are marketed in vials and syringes that may contain natural latex allergens. Little scientific information exists regarding the safety of vaccination of latex-allergic individuals. A review of data within the Vaccine Adverse Event Reporting System (VAERS), a large registry of reported possible vaccine adverse reactions was conducted. A search of the database, which contains >160,000 vaccine adverse event reports, revealed only 28 cases of possible immediate-type hypersensitivity reactions in vaccine recipients with a history of allergy to latex. Given the large number of immunizations administered every year in the US, the reported risk of allergic reactions possibly due to latex contamination of vaccines appears to be very small. JF - Vaccine AU - Russell, Michelle AU - Pool, Vitali AU - Kelso, John M AU - Tomazic-Jezic, Vesna J AD - Immunization Safety Branch, NIP/CDC, Mail Stop: E61, Atlanta, GA 30333, USA. yzr8@cdc.gov Y1 - 2004/12/16/ PY - 2004 DA - 2004 Dec 16 SP - 664 EP - 667 VL - 23 IS - 5 SN - 0264-410X, 0264-410X KW - Latex KW - 0 KW - Vaccines KW - Index Medicus KW - Infant KW - Hypersensitivity, Immediate -- etiology KW - Humans KW - Adult KW - Adverse Drug Reaction Reporting Systems -- statistics & numerical data KW - Middle Aged KW - Child KW - Adolescent KW - Male KW - Female KW - Child, Preschool KW - Vaccines -- adverse effects KW - Latex -- adverse effects KW - Latex Hypersensitivity KW - Latex -- administration & dosage KW - Vaccines -- chemistry KW - Vaccines -- therapeutic use UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/67075830?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Vaccine&rft.atitle=Vaccination+of+persons+allergic+to+latex%3A+a+review+of+safety+data+in+the+Vaccine+Adverse+Event+Reporting+System+%28VAERS%29.&rft.au=Russell%2C+Michelle%3BPool%2C+Vitali%3BKelso%2C+John+M%3BTomazic-Jezic%2C+Vesna+J&rft.aulast=Russell&rft.aufirst=Michelle&rft.date=2004-12-16&rft.volume=23&rft.issue=5&rft.spage=664&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Vaccine&rft.issn=0264410X&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 2005-05-24 N1 - Date created - 2004-11-15 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Effects of exposure to diesel exhaust particles (DEP) on pulmonary metabolic activation of mutagenic agents AN - 17801581; 6155480 AB - Exposure of rats to diesel exhaust particles (DEP) or carbon black (CB) has been shown to induce time-dependent changes in CYP1A1and CYP2B1 in the lung. The present study evaluated the role of these metabolic enzymes on the pulmonary bioactivation of mutagens. Male Sprague-Dawley rats were intratracheally instilled with saline (control), DEP or CB (35mg/kg body weight) and sacrificed at 1, 3, or 7 days post-exposure. Both control and exposed lung S9 increased the mutagenic activity of 2-aminoanthracene (2-AA), 2-aminofluorene (2-AF), 1-nitropyrene (1-NP), and the organic extract of DEP (DEPE) in Ames tests with Salmonella typhimurium YG1024 in a dose-dependent manner. Lung microsomes prepared form control or particle-exposed S9, but not cytosolic protein, activated 2-AA mutagenicity. Compared to saline controls, CB-exposed S9 was a less potent inducer of 2-AA mutagenicity at all time points, whereas DEP-exposed S9 was less potent than control saline at 3 and 7 days but not 1 day post-exposure. At 3 days post-exposure, DEP- or CB-exposed lung S9 did not significantly affect the mutagenicity of DEPE or 1-NP, when compared to the controls. The mutgenicity of 2-AA, 2-AF, 1-NP, and DEPE were significantly decreased in the presence of inhibitors for CYP1A1 ( alpha -naphthoflavone) or CYP2B (metyrapone), but markedly enhanced by CYP1A1 or CYP2B1 supersomes with all the cofactors, suggesting that both CYP1A1 and CYP2B1 were responsible for mutagen activation. These results demonstrated that exposure of rats to DEP or CB altered metabolic activity of lung S9 and S9 metabolic activity dependent mutagen activation. The bioactivation of mutagens are metabolic enzyme- and substrate-specific, and both CYP1A1 and CYP2B1 play important roles in pulmonary mutagen activation. JF - Mutation Research-Genetic Toxicology and Environmental Mutagenesis AU - Zhao, H W AU - Barger, M W AU - Ma, JKH AU - Castranova, V AU - Ma, JYC AD - Health Effects Laboratory Division, National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, 1095 Willowdale Road, Morgantown, WV 26505-2888, USA, jym1@cdc.gov Y1 - 2004/12/12/ PY - 2004 DA - 2004 Dec 12 SP - 103 EP - 113 VL - 564 IS - 2 SN - 1383-5718, 1383-5718 KW - Toxicology Abstracts KW - 2-Aminofluorene KW - Mutagens KW - alpha -Naphthoflavone KW - Microsomes KW - saline KW - 1-Nitropyrene KW - Salmonella typhimurium KW - 2-Aminoanthracene KW - Ames test KW - Mutagenesis KW - Exhausts KW - Carbon KW - Cofactors KW - Body weight KW - Lung KW - Metabolic activation KW - Diesel KW - Cytochrome P450 KW - Mutation KW - X 24153:Metabolism UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/17801581?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxicologyabstracts&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Mutation+Research-Genetic+Toxicology+and+Environmental+Mutagenesis&rft.atitle=Effects+of+exposure+to+diesel+exhaust+particles+%28DEP%29+on+pulmonary+metabolic+activation+of+mutagenic+agents&rft.au=Zhao%2C+H+W%3BBarger%2C+M+W%3BMa%2C+JKH%3BCastranova%2C+V%3BMa%2C+JYC&rft.aulast=Zhao&rft.aufirst=H&rft.date=2004-12-12&rft.volume=564&rft.issue=2&rft.spage=103&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Mutation+Research-Genetic+Toxicology+and+Environmental+Mutagenesis&rft.issn=13835718&rft_id=info:doi/10.1016%2Fj.mrgentox.2004.07.014 LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Last updated - 2015-03-24 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - 2-Aminofluorene; alpha -Naphthoflavone; Mutagens; Microsomes; saline; 1-Nitropyrene; Ames test; 2-Aminoanthracene; Exhausts; Mutagenesis; Cofactors; Carbon; Body weight; Lung; Metabolic activation; Diesel; Cytochrome P450; Mutation; Salmonella typhimurium DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.mrgentox.2004.07.014 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Salmonella serotype Typhimurium outbreak associated with commercially processed egg salad--Oregon, 2003. AN - 67164651; 15592173 AB - On September 24, 2003, Oregon epidemiologists noted an increase in Salmonella enterica serotype Typhimurium isolates tested during September at the Oregon State Public Health Laboratories. Of 16 isolates, six had matching pulsed-field gel electrophoresis (PFGE) patterns. The laboratory findings prompted an investigation by Oregon Health Services and CDC that identified 18 cases of infection with S. Typhimurium linked to kits for making egg salad that were distributed by a vendor to a supermarket chain. The Food and Drug Administration (FDA) conducted an environmental investigation but was unable to determine the mechanism of contamination. This was the first reported S. Typhimurium outbreak associated with a commercially processed, widely distributed, hard-boiled egg product. Epidemiologists and other public health staff should continue to investigate apparent clusters of salmonellosis and be aware that even commercially processed egg products can be a source of Salmonella. JF - MMWR. Morbidity and mortality weekly report AU - Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) AD - Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) Y1 - 2004/12/10/ PY - 2004 DA - 2004 Dec 10 SP - 1132 EP - 1134 VL - 53 IS - 48 KW - Index Medicus KW - Food Microbiology KW - Humans KW - Adult KW - Food Handling KW - Middle Aged KW - Child KW - Disease Outbreaks KW - Adolescent KW - Oregon -- epidemiology KW - Male KW - Female KW - Child, Preschool KW - Salmonella Food Poisoning -- etiology KW - Eggs -- microbiology KW - Salmonella typhimurium -- isolation & purification KW - Salmonella Food Poisoning -- epidemiology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/67164651?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=MMWR.+Morbidity+and+mortality+weekly+report&rft.atitle=Salmonella+serotype+Typhimurium+outbreak+associated+with+commercially+processed+egg+salad--Oregon%2C+2003.&rft.au=Centers+for+Disease+Control+and+Prevention+%28CDC%29&rft.aulast=Centers+for+Disease+Control+and+Prevention+%28CDC%29&rft.aufirst=&rft.date=2004-12-10&rft.volume=53&rft.issue=48&rft.spage=1132&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=MMWR.+Morbidity+and+mortality+weekly+report&rft.issn=1545-861X&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 2004-12-17 N1 - Date created - 2004-12-13 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Fatal and nonfatal occupational injuries involving wood chippers--United States, 1992-2002. AN - 67164516; 15592172 AB - Tree damage from storms and routine tree-trimming operations prompt the need for disposing of branches and brush. Mobile wood chippers shred branches and tree trimmings into mulch. Branches are fed into a chute, in which rotating blades macerate the wood. Mobile chippers pose potential dangers to operators, who can become caught in the feed mechanism and pulled into the rotating chipper knives or struck by the hood of the machine while it is being opened or closed with the knives still rotating. This report summarizes data describing fatal and nonfatal injuries related to occupational wood chipper use, which indicate that those working with mobile wood chippers are at risk for serious injury and death, but that these injuries can be prevented through proper training, machine maintenance, and the use of personal protective equipment. JF - MMWR. Morbidity and mortality weekly report AU - Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) AD - Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) Y1 - 2004/12/10/ PY - 2004 DA - 2004 Dec 10 SP - 1130 EP - 1131 VL - 53 IS - 48 KW - Index Medicus KW - Humans KW - United States -- epidemiology KW - Wounds and Injuries -- epidemiology KW - Wounds and Injuries -- etiology KW - Accidents, Occupational -- statistics & numerical data KW - Wood UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/67164516?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=MMWR.+Morbidity+and+mortality+weekly+report&rft.atitle=Fatal+and+nonfatal+occupational+injuries+involving+wood+chippers--United+States%2C+1992-2002.&rft.au=Centers+for+Disease+Control+and+Prevention+%28CDC%29&rft.aulast=Centers+for+Disease+Control+and+Prevention+%28CDC%29&rft.aufirst=&rft.date=2004-12-10&rft.volume=53&rft.issue=48&rft.spage=1130&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=MMWR.+Morbidity+and+mortality+weekly+report&rft.issn=1545-861X&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 2004-12-17 N1 - Date created - 2004-12-13 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Trends in motorcycle fatalities associated with alcohol-impaired driving--United States, 1983-2003. AN - 67128565; 15573026 AB - Motorcycles are the most dangerous type of motor vehicle to drive. These vehicles are involved in fatal crashes at a rate of 35.0 per 100 million miles of travel, compared with a rate of 1.7 per 100 million miles of travel for passenger cars. The National Highway Traffic Safety Administration (NHTSA) has reported increasing numbers of motorcycle deaths associated with alcohol-impaired driving in recent years, especially among persons aged > or =40 years. To determine trends by age group in motorcycle fatalities overall and in those involving alcohol impairment, CDC analyzed data from the NHTSA Fatality Analysis Reporting System (FARS) for 1983, 1993, and 2003. This report summarizes the results of that analysis, which indicated that, during 1983-2003, the overall prevalence of elevated blood alcohol concentrations (BACs) among motorcycle drivers who died in crashes declined; however, the peak rate of death among alcohol-impaired motorcycle drivers shifted from those aged 20-24 years to those aged 40-44 years. Strong enforcement of existing BAC laws, together with other public health interventions aimed at motorcyclists, might reduce the crash mortality rate, especially among older drivers. JF - MMWR. Morbidity and mortality weekly report AU - Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) AD - Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) Y1 - 2004/12/03/ PY - 2004 DA - 2004 Dec 03 SP - 1103 EP - 1106 VL - 53 IS - 47 KW - Index Medicus KW - Humans KW - Adult KW - Middle Aged KW - Adolescent KW - United States -- epidemiology KW - Population Surveillance KW - Alcoholic Intoxication -- epidemiology KW - Accidents, Traffic -- mortality KW - Motorcycles -- statistics & numerical data UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/67128565?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=MMWR.+Morbidity+and+mortality+weekly+report&rft.atitle=Trends+in+motorcycle+fatalities+associated+with+alcohol-impaired+driving--United+States%2C+1983-2003.&rft.au=Centers+for+Disease+Control+and+Prevention+%28CDC%29&rft.aulast=Centers+for+Disease+Control+and+Prevention+%28CDC%29&rft.aufirst=&rft.date=2004-12-03&rft.volume=53&rft.issue=47&rft.spage=1103&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=MMWR.+Morbidity+and+mortality+weekly+report&rft.issn=1545-861X&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 2004-12-03 N1 - Date created - 2004-12-01 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Gliomas and farm pesticide exposure in men: the upper midwest health study. AN - 67314176; 16789473 AB - The National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health evaluated farm pesticide exposure and glioma risk in a study that included 457 glioma cases and 648 population-based controls, all adult men (18-80 yr old) and nonmetropolitan residents of Iowa, Michigan, Minnesota, and Wisconsin. Multiple logistic regressions were used to control for farm residence, age, age group, education, and exposure to other pesticides. No associations were found between glioma and 12 specific pesticides. We estimated adjusted odds ratios (ORs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) and found reduced glioma risk for insecticides (OR = 0.53, CI = 0.37-0.77), fumigants (OR = 0.57, CI = 0.34-0.95), and organochlorines (OR = 0.66, CI = 0.47-0.94). In analyses excluding proxy respondents (47% of cases) most CIs included 1.0. No positive association of farm pesticide exposure and glioma was found. Other farm exposures may explain the excess brain cancer risk seen in previous studies. JF - Archives of environmental health AU - Ruder, Avima M AU - Waters, Martha A AU - Butler, Mary Ann AU - Carreón, Tania AU - Calvert, Geoffrey M AU - Davis-King, Karen E AU - Schulte, Paul A AU - Sanderson, Wayne T AU - Ward, Elizabeth M AU - Connally, L Barbara AU - Heineman, Ellen F AU - Mandel, Jack S AU - Morton, Roscoe F AU - Reding, Douglas J AU - Rosenman, Kenneth D AU - Talaska, Glenn AU - Brain Cancer Collaborative Study Group AD - Division of Surveillance, Hazard Evaluations and Field Studies, The National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Cincinnati, Ohio 45226, USA. amr2@cdc.gov ; Brain Cancer Collaborative Study Group Y1 - 2004/12// PY - 2004 DA - December 2004 SP - 650 EP - 657 VL - 59 IS - 12 SN - 0003-9896, 0003-9896 KW - Pesticides KW - 0 KW - Abridged Index Medicus KW - Index Medicus KW - Humans KW - Aged KW - Risk Assessment KW - Aged, 80 and over KW - Risk Factors KW - Wisconsin -- epidemiology KW - Adult KW - Case-Control Studies KW - Middle Aged KW - Adolescent KW - Iowa -- epidemiology KW - Male KW - Michigan -- epidemiology KW - Minnesota -- epidemiology KW - Glioma -- chemically induced KW - Agricultural Workers' Diseases -- epidemiology KW - Agricultural Workers' Diseases -- chemically induced KW - Occupational Exposure -- adverse effects KW - Glioma -- epidemiology KW - Environmental Exposure -- adverse effects KW - Pesticides -- toxicity UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/67314176?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Archives+of+environmental+health&rft.atitle=Gliomas+and+farm+pesticide+exposure+in+men%3A+the+upper+midwest+health+study.&rft.au=Ruder%2C+Avima+M%3BWaters%2C+Martha+A%3BButler%2C+Mary+Ann%3BCarre%C3%B3n%2C+Tania%3BCalvert%2C+Geoffrey+M%3BDavis-King%2C+Karen+E%3BSchulte%2C+Paul+A%3BSanderson%2C+Wayne+T%3BWard%2C+Elizabeth+M%3BConnally%2C+L+Barbara%3BHeineman%2C+Ellen+F%3BMandel%2C+Jack+S%3BMorton%2C+Roscoe+F%3BReding%2C+Douglas+J%3BRosenman%2C+Kenneth+D%3BTalaska%2C+Glenn%3BBrain+Cancer+Collaborative+Study+Group&rft.aulast=Ruder&rft.aufirst=Avima&rft.date=2004-12-01&rft.volume=59&rft.issue=12&rft.spage=650&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Archives+of+environmental+health&rft.issn=00039896&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 2006-07-21 N1 - Date created - 2006-06-22 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-14 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-19 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Changes in HIV and AIDS in the United States: entering the third decade. AN - 67302224; 16091236 AB - The epidemiology of the HIV transmission in the United States has changed considerably since the epidemic began. Our increased understanding of the virus has fostered development of new treatments to prolong life, and vaccine research has increased hope for those at risk in both developed and less developed countries. In this review, we provide information about current trends in HIV and AIDS among those in the United States most affected by the epidemic. JF - Current HIV/AIDS reports AU - Kellerman, Scott AU - Begley, Elin AU - Boyett, Brian AU - Clark, Hollie AU - Schulden, Jeff AD - Behavioral/Clinical Surveillance Branch, Div. of HIV/AIDS Prevention Epidemiology, National Center for HIV, STD, and TB Prevention, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), 1600 Clifton Road, Mail Stop E-46, Atlanta, GA 30333, USA. sek0@cdc.gov Y1 - 2004/12// PY - 2004 DA - December 2004 SP - 153 EP - 158 VL - 1 IS - 4 SN - 1548-3568, 1548-3568 KW - Index Medicus KW - Infectious Disease Transmission, Vertical -- prevention & control KW - Infant KW - Infectious Disease Transmission, Vertical -- statistics & numerical data KW - Humans KW - United States -- epidemiology KW - Male KW - Female KW - Homosexuality, Male KW - Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome -- epidemiology KW - Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome -- transmission KW - Antiretroviral Therapy, Highly Active KW - Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome -- drug therapy KW - Substance Abuse, Intravenous UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/67302224?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Current+HIV%2FAIDS+reports&rft.atitle=Changes+in+HIV+and+AIDS+in+the+United+States%3A+entering+the+third+decade.&rft.au=Kellerman%2C+Scott%3BBegley%2C+Elin%3BBoyett%2C+Brian%3BClark%2C+Hollie%3BSchulden%2C+Jeff&rft.aulast=Kellerman&rft.aufirst=Scott&rft.date=2004-12-01&rft.volume=1&rft.issue=4&rft.spage=153&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Current+HIV%2FAIDS+reports&rft.issn=15483568&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 2005-09-08 N1 - Date created - 2005-08-10 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Use of a directional spray system design to control respirable dust and face gas concentrations around a continuous mining machine. AN - 67263966; 15742710 AB - A laboratory study assessed the impacts of water spray pressure, face ventilation quantity, and line brattice setback distance on respirable dust and SF6 tracer gas concentrations around a continuous mining machine using a sprayfan or directional spray system. Dust levels were measured at locations representing the mining machine operator and the standard and off-standard shuttle car operators, and in the return airway. The results showed that changes in all three independent variables significantly affected log-transformed dust levels at the three operator sampling locations. Changes in setback distance impacted return airway dust levels. Laboratory testing also identified numerous variable interactions affecting dust levels. Tracer gas levels were measured on the left and right sides of the cutting drum and in the return. Untransformed gas levels around the cutting drum were significantly affected by changes in water pressure, face ventilation quantity, and setback distance. Only a few interactions were identified that significantly affected these concentrations. Gas levels in the return airway were grouped by face ventilation quantity. Return gas levels measured at the low curtain quantity were generally unaffected by changes in water pressure or curtain setback distance. At the high curtain quantity, return airway gas levels were affected by curtain setback distance. A field study was conducted to assess the impact of these parameters in an actual mining operation. These data showed that respirable dust levels may have been impacted by a change in water pressure and, to a lesser extent, by an increase in curtain setback distance. A series of tracer gas pulse tests were also conducted during this study. The results showed that effectiveness of the face ventilation was impacted by changes in curtain flow quantity and setback distance. Laboratory testing supported similar conclusions. JF - Journal of occupational and environmental hygiene AU - Goodman, Gerrit V R AU - Pollock, Douglas E AD - Pittsburgh Research Laboratory, National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15236, USA. gcg8@cdc.gov Y1 - 2004/12// PY - 2004 DA - December 2004 SP - 806 EP - 815 VL - 1 IS - 12 SN - 1545-9624, 1545-9624 KW - Caustics KW - 0 KW - Ethylamines KW - Propylamines KW - Sodium Hydroxide KW - 55X04QC32I KW - diisopropylamine KW - BR9JLI40NO KW - triethylamine KW - VOU728O6AY KW - Index Medicus KW - Permeability KW - Caustics -- chemistry KW - Equipment Design KW - Chromatography, Gas KW - Humans KW - Safety KW - Temperature KW - Ethylamines -- chemistry KW - Colorimetry KW - Materials Testing KW - Sodium Hydroxide -- chemistry KW - Propylamines -- chemistry KW - Occupational Health KW - Gloves, Protective -- standards UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/67263966?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+occupational+and+environmental+hygiene&rft.atitle=Use+of+a+directional+spray+system+design+to+control+respirable+dust+and+face+gas+concentrations+around+a+continuous+mining+machine.&rft.au=Goodman%2C+Gerrit+V+R%3BPollock%2C+Douglas+E&rft.aulast=Goodman&rft.aufirst=Gerrit+V&rft.date=2004-12-01&rft.volume=1&rft.issue=12&rft.spage=806&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+occupational+and+environmental+hygiene&rft.issn=15459624&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 2005-03-15 N1 - Date created - 2005-03-03 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Application of colorimetric indicators and thermo-hand method to determine base permeation through chemical protective gloves. AN - 67263925; 15742709 AB - The aim of this study was to assess the use of colorimetric indicator pads and the thermo-hand method for detection of inorganic/organic base permeation of chemical protective gloves under simulated in-use conditions. Breakthrough times for four types of gloves were determined based on the color change of pads and ranged from 3 to 10 min for butylamine, from 4 min to >4 hours for diisopropylamine, from 6 min to >4 hours for triethylamine, and >4 hours for sodium hydroxide. Quantification was performed for butylamine, diisopropylamine, and triethylamine by gas chromatography following solvent desorption. These chemicals exhibited >99% adsorption on the pads at spiking levels of 1.08-1.11:g for each base. The recovery for the system was calculated for each chemical, with results ranging from 50-74% (RSD < or = 5%) for these bases over the spiking range 0.22-1.11 microg. The quantitative mass of the bases on the pads at the time of breakthrough detection ranged from 118-121, 117-120, and 109-116 microg/cm2 for butylamine, diisopropylamine, and triethylamine, respectively. The thermo-hand test method and base indicators together should find utility in detecting, collecting, and quantitatively analyzing base permeation samples under simulated in-use conditions. JF - Journal of occupational and environmental hygiene AU - Vo, Evanly AD - National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, National Personal Protective Technology Laboratory, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15236, USA. eav8@cdc.gov Y1 - 2004/12// PY - 2004 DA - December 2004 SP - 799 EP - 805 VL - 1 IS - 12 SN - 1545-9624, 1545-9624 KW - Butylamines KW - 0 KW - Caustics KW - Ethylamines KW - Propylamines KW - diisopropylamine KW - BR9JLI40NO KW - triethylamine KW - VOU728O6AY KW - Index Medicus KW - Permeability KW - Chromatography, Gas KW - Butylamines -- chemistry KW - Humans KW - Safety KW - Temperature KW - Hand KW - Ethylamines -- chemistry KW - Colorimetry KW - Materials Testing KW - Propylamines -- chemistry KW - Occupational Exposure KW - Gloves, Protective KW - Caustics -- chemistry UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/67263925?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+occupational+and+environmental+hygiene&rft.atitle=Application+of+colorimetric+indicators+and+thermo-hand+method+to+determine+base+permeation+through+chemical+protective+gloves.&rft.au=Vo%2C+Evanly&rft.aulast=Vo&rft.aufirst=Evanly&rft.date=2004-12-01&rft.volume=1&rft.issue=12&rft.spage=799&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+occupational+and+environmental+hygiene&rft.issn=15459624&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 2005-03-15 N1 - Date created - 2005-03-03 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Adherence to antimalarial combination therapy with sulfadoxine-pyrimethamine and artesunate in rural Tanzania. AN - 67216117; 15642960 AB - Artemisinin-containing antimalarial combination therapies are recommended to confront drug-resistant Plasmodium falciparum malaria. Among the questions surrounding whether these complex multidose treatments will be practical is to what extent patients complete the recommended doses. Combination therapy through coadministration of sulfadoxine-pyrimethamine plus artesunate was introduced as a first-line treatment for uncomplicated malaria in one district in Tanzania. Interventions to optimize correct use were also implemented. We observed 453 patient encounters at one health facility and recorded key practices as health workers dispensed the combination. A total of 253 patients were followed-up at 24 or 48 hours. Complete adherence measured at 48 hours reached 75.0%, based on self-report and tablet counts. This is substantially better than reported elsewhere and compares favorably with intervention studies to optimize adherence to chloroquine. Counseling about what to do if a patient vomits appears to have been an independent risk factor for nonadherence. JF - The American journal of tropical medicine and hygiene AU - Kachur, S Patrick AU - Khatib, Rashid A AU - Kaizer, Ellen AU - Fox, Susan S AU - Abdulla, Salim M AU - Bloland, Peter B AD - Malaria Case Management Unit, Malaria Branch, Division of Parasitic Diseases, National Center for Infectious Diseases, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia, USA. skachur@cdc.gov Y1 - 2004/12// PY - 2004 DA - December 2004 SP - 715 EP - 722 VL - 71 IS - 6 SN - 0002-9637, 0002-9637 KW - Antimalarials KW - 0 KW - Artemisinins KW - Drug Combinations KW - Sesquiterpenes KW - fanasil, pyrimethamine drug combination KW - 37338-39-9 KW - artesunate KW - 60W3249T9M KW - Sulfadoxine KW - 88463U4SM5 KW - Pyrimethamine KW - Z3614QOX8W KW - Abridged Index Medicus KW - Index Medicus KW - Tanzania KW - Humans KW - Child KW - Child, Preschool KW - Socioeconomic Factors KW - Drug Therapy, Combination KW - Infant KW - Logistic Models KW - Risk Factors KW - Adult KW - Follow-Up Studies KW - Adolescent KW - Female KW - Male KW - Pyrimethamine -- therapeutic use KW - Sesquiterpenes -- adverse effects KW - Pyrimethamine -- adverse effects KW - Patient Compliance KW - Sulfadoxine -- therapeutic use KW - Antimalarials -- adverse effects KW - Sesquiterpenes -- therapeutic use KW - Artemisinins -- adverse effects KW - Artemisinins -- therapeutic use KW - Malaria, Falciparum -- drug therapy KW - Sulfadoxine -- adverse effects KW - Antimalarials -- therapeutic use UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/67216117?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+American+journal+of+tropical+medicine+and+hygiene&rft.atitle=Adherence+to+antimalarial+combination+therapy+with+sulfadoxine-pyrimethamine+and+artesunate+in+rural+Tanzania.&rft.au=Kachur%2C+S+Patrick%3BKhatib%2C+Rashid+A%3BKaizer%2C+Ellen%3BFox%2C+Susan+S%3BAbdulla%2C+Salim+M%3BBloland%2C+Peter+B&rft.aulast=Kachur&rft.aufirst=S&rft.date=2004-12-01&rft.volume=71&rft.issue=6&rft.spage=715&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=The+American+journal+of+tropical+medicine+and+hygiene&rft.issn=00029637&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 2005-02-15 N1 - Date created - 2005-01-11 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Sensitivities of three county health department surveillance systems for child-related dog bites: 261 cases (2000). AN - 67215204; 15626217 AB - To determine incidence of child-related dog bites and sensitivities of 3 county health department dog-bite surveillance systems. Retrospective study. Child-related dog-bite data obtained from surveillance systems of 3 counties in Georgia in the year 2000. To characterize the sensitivity of health department dog-bite surveillance systems, 9 other potential sources of dog-bite records that matched records by victim name, age, gender, and incident date were evaluated. The number of reported bites and the most productive sources for identifying additional cases were determined. The Chandra Sekar-Deming capture-recapture method was used to estimate the number of unreported bites, and estimates of dog-bite incidence rates were made. 40, 36, and 185 dog bites were reported in the 3 counties, respectively. Capture-recapture calculations estimated an additional 9, 5, and 128 dog bites in these counties, respectively. Local health departments recorded 45.5% to 82.5% of dog bites. Local hospital emergency departments, police departments, and a rabies-testing laboratory received additional reports. Among these data sources, local hospital emergency department records were the best source for identifying additional cases. Dog bites are a preventable cause of childhood injuries, and surveillance is a critical tool for tracking childhood dog bites in the community. Counties should use combined data from local health departments, local hospital emergency departments, and police departments to implement or revise dog-bite prevention programs. JF - Journal of the American Veterinary Medical Association AU - Tan, Regina L AU - Powell, Kenneth E AU - Lindemer, Kristen M AU - Clay, Molly M AU - Davidson, Steven C AD - Epidemic Intelligence Service, CDC, 1600 Clifton Rd SE, Atlanta, GA 30333, USA. Y1 - 2004/12/01/ PY - 2004 DA - 2004 Dec 01 SP - 1680 EP - 1683 VL - 225 IS - 11 SN - 0003-1488, 0003-1488 KW - Index Medicus KW - Sensitivity and Specificity KW - Animals KW - Rural Health KW - Urban Health KW - Humans KW - Retrospective Studies KW - Child KW - Child, Preschool KW - Infant KW - Georgia -- epidemiology KW - Incidence KW - Adolescent KW - Female KW - Male KW - Bites and Stings -- prevention & control KW - Dogs KW - Emergency Service, Hospital -- statistics & numerical data KW - Public Health -- statistics & numerical data KW - Emergency Service, Hospital -- utilization KW - Public Health -- standards KW - Population Surveillance -- methods KW - Bites and Stings -- epidemiology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/67215204?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+the+American+Veterinary+Medical+Association&rft.atitle=Sensitivities+of+three+county+health+department+surveillance+systems+for+child-related+dog+bites%3A+261+cases+%282000%29.&rft.au=Tan%2C+Regina+L%3BPowell%2C+Kenneth+E%3BLindemer%2C+Kristen+M%3BClay%2C+Molly+M%3BDavidson%2C+Steven+C&rft.aulast=Tan&rft.aufirst=Regina&rft.date=2004-12-01&rft.volume=225&rft.issue=11&rft.spage=1680&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+the+American+Veterinary+Medical+Association&rft.issn=00031488&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 2005-01-25 N1 - Date created - 2004-12-31 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Hazardous-chemical releases in the home. AN - 67205733; 15628191 AB - Data from the Hazardous Substances Emergency Events Surveillance (HSEES) system were analyzed for the period 1996-2001 to describe the chemicals, causal factors, temporal patterns, types of adverse effects, and public health actions (e.g., an evacuation) associated with releases of hazardous chemicals in the home. HSEES is an active multistate Web-based surveillance system maintained by the Agency for Toxic Substances and Disease Registry. A total of 659 events, 352 injured persons, and nine fatalities resulting from hazardous-substance releases in homes were reported. While the majority of victims were members of the general public, some responders were injured. Dizziness/central-nervous-system symptoms were the most frequently experienced enced adverse health effects. The most frequently released chemicals are found in common household products. Human error was a factor in the majority of the releases. Efforts to educate the general public about the potential hazards of chemicals found in common household products are recommended. In addition, the HSEES system will continue its efforts to partner with other notification sources to capture these events and conduct prevention outreach. JF - Journal of environmental health AU - Ruckart, Perri Zeitz AU - Orr, Maureen F AU - Kaye, Wendy E AD - Division of Health Studies, ATSDR, Atlanta, GA 30333, USA. afp4@cdc.gov Y1 - 2004/12// PY - 2004 DA - December 2004 SP - 14 EP - 9, 32; quiz 35-6 VL - 67 IS - 5 SN - 0022-0892, 0022-0892 KW - Hazardous Substances KW - 0 KW - Index Medicus KW - United States KW - Housing KW - Humans KW - Government Agencies KW - Household Products -- adverse effects KW - Safety Management KW - Hazardous Substances -- adverse effects KW - Accidents, Home -- statistics & numerical data KW - Environmental Exposure UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/67205733?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+environmental+health&rft.atitle=Hazardous-chemical+releases+in+the+home.&rft.au=Ruckart%2C+Perri+Zeitz%3BOrr%2C+Maureen+F%3BKaye%2C+Wendy+E&rft.aulast=Ruckart&rft.aufirst=Perri&rft.date=2004-12-01&rft.volume=67&rft.issue=5&rft.spage=14&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+environmental+health&rft.issn=00220892&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 2005-11-15 N1 - Date created - 2005-01-04 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - New-onset asthma associated with exposure to 3-amino-5-mercapto-1,2,4-triazole. AN - 67170687; 15591976 AB - The authors conducted an investigation of a cluster of eight new-onset asthma cases identified in a chemical plant through the Sentinel Event Notification Systems for Occupational Risks (SENSOR) program. Workplace investigation involved interviews with the asthma cases, review of medical records, and medical and industrial hygiene surveys in the plant. Altogether, 11 work-related asthma cases were identified among the plant workers-approximately 10% of the workers exposed to the potential causative agents: 3-amino-5-mercapto-1,2,4-triazole (AMT) or N-(2,6-difluorophenyl)-5-methyl-[1,2,4]triazolo[1,5-a]pyrimidine-2-sulfonamide (DE-498; trade name Flumetsulam). Of these cases, six had physician-diagnosed occupational asthma (OA) based on work-related respiratory symptoms and nonspecific bronchial hyperresponsiveness (NSBH), and of these, three had work-related expiratory peak flow changes. The findings of this investigation, together with findings from concurrent animal studies, suggest that this outbreak of new-onset asthma was associated with exposure to AMT. A cluster of eight new-onset asthma cases was identified in a chemical plant through the SENSOR program. Subsequent workplace investigation identified AMT, used in the production of a herbicide N-(2,6-difluorophenyl)-5-methyl- [1,2,4]triazolo[1,5-a]pyrimidine-2-sulfonamide, as the most likely causal agent. JF - Journal of occupational and environmental medicine AU - Hnizdo, Eva AU - Sylvain, David AU - Lewis, Daniel M AU - Pechter, Elise AU - Kreiss, Kathleen AD - Division of Respiratory Disease Studies, National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, 1095 Willowdale Road, Morgantown, WV 26505, USA. Exh6@cdc.gov Y1 - 2004/12// PY - 2004 DA - December 2004 SP - 1246 EP - 1252 VL - 46 IS - 12 SN - 1076-2752, 1076-2752 KW - 3-amino-5-mercapto-1,2,4-triazole KW - 0 KW - Triazoles KW - Immunoglobulin E KW - 37341-29-0 KW - Index Medicus KW - Respiratory Function Tests KW - Sentinel Surveillance KW - Immunoglobulin E -- blood KW - Humans KW - Middle Aged KW - Male KW - Female KW - West Virginia KW - Occupational Diseases -- diagnosis KW - Occupational Exposure -- statistics & numerical data KW - Asthma -- epidemiology KW - Triazoles -- toxicity KW - Occupational Diseases -- immunology KW - Occupational Diseases -- epidemiology KW - Disease Outbreaks -- statistics & numerical data KW - Asthma -- diagnosis KW - Asthma -- chemically induced KW - Occupational Diseases -- chemically induced KW - Chemical Industry KW - Asthma -- immunology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/67170687?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+occupational+and+environmental+medicine&rft.atitle=New-onset+asthma+associated+with+exposure+to+3-amino-5-mercapto-1%2C2%2C4-triazole.&rft.au=Hnizdo%2C+Eva%3BSylvain%2C+David%3BLewis%2C+Daniel+M%3BPechter%2C+Elise%3BKreiss%2C+Kathleen&rft.aulast=Hnizdo&rft.aufirst=Eva&rft.date=2004-12-01&rft.volume=46&rft.issue=12&rft.spage=1246&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+occupational+and+environmental+medicine&rft.issn=10762752&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 2005-04-05 N1 - Date created - 2004-12-13 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - The sources of inflammatory mediators in the lung after silica exposure. AN - 67161307; 15579413 AB - The expression of 10 genes implicated in regulation of the inflammatory processes in the lung was studied after exposure of alveolar macrophages (AMs) to silica in vitro or in vivo. Exposure of AMs to silica in vitro up-regulated the messenger RNA (mRNA) levels of three genes [interleukin-6 (IL-6), monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 (MCP-1), and macrophage inflammatory protein-2 (MIP-2)] without a concomitant increase in the protein levels. AMs isolated after intratracheal instillation of silica up-regulated mRNA levels of four additional genes [granulocyte/macrophage-colony stimulating factor (GM-CSF), IL-1beta, IL-10, and inducible nitric oxide synthase]. IL-6, MCP-1, and MIP-2 protein levels were elevated in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid. Fibroblasts under basal culture conditions express much higher levels of IL-6 and GM-CSF compared with AMs. Coculture of AMs and alveolar type II cells, or coculture of AMs and lung fibroblasts, in contact cultures or Transwell chambers, revealed no synergistic effect. Therefore, such interaction does not explain the effects seen in vivo. Identification of the intercellular communication in vivo is still unresolved. However, fibroblasts appear to be an important source of inflammatory mediators in the lung. JF - Environmental health perspectives AU - Rao, K Murali Krishna AU - Porter, Dale W AU - Meighan, Terence AU - Castranova, Vince AD - Pathology and Physiology Research Branch, Health Effects Laboratory Division, National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, Morgantown, West Virginia, USA. mir8@cdc.gov Y1 - 2004/12// PY - 2004 DA - December 2004 SP - 1679 EP - 1686 VL - 112 IS - 17 SN - 0091-6765, 0091-6765 KW - Cytokines KW - 0 KW - RNA, Messenger KW - Silicon Dioxide KW - 7631-86-9 KW - Index Medicus KW - Rats KW - Macrophages, Alveolar KW - Animals KW - Rats, Sprague-Dawley KW - Up-Regulation KW - RNA, Messenger -- biosynthesis KW - Fibroblasts -- physiology KW - Lung -- immunology KW - Inflammation -- physiopathology KW - Cytokines -- biosynthesis KW - Silicon Dioxide -- toxicity KW - Gene Expression Regulation -- drug effects KW - Lung -- pathology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/67161307?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Environmental+health+perspectives&rft.atitle=The+sources+of+inflammatory+mediators+in+the+lung+after+silica+exposure.&rft.au=Rao%2C+K+Murali+Krishna%3BPorter%2C+Dale+W%3BMeighan%2C+Terence%3BCastranova%2C+Vince&rft.aulast=Rao&rft.aufirst=K+Murali&rft.date=2004-12-01&rft.volume=112&rft.issue=17&rft.spage=1679&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Environmental+health+perspectives&rft.issn=00916765&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - 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Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - The case for earlier treatment of HIV infection. AN - 67149334; 15578373 AB - Current US guidelines advise that antiretroviral therapy for asymptomatic HIV patients should definitely be started for those who have CD4(+) cell counts of >200 cells/ microL, but antiretroviral therapy is often not started at CD4(+) cell counts much above that level. Guidelines advocating later therapy for HIV infection have been based mainly on sparse and limited cross-sectional data and have been predicated on avoiding drug-related toxicity and viral drug resistance. However, emerging data about factors that contribute to survival and the availability of newer, less toxic drugs are eroding this position. Earlier initiation of antiretroviral therapy--namely, for patients with CD4(+) cell counts of >350 cells/ microL--may, in fact, be associated with lower mortality, better immune improvement, and less drug-related toxicity. These findings coincide with the introduction of antiretroviral drugs that have become more effective and less difficult to take. Earlier initiation of therapy may also reduce HIV transmission, an important public health consideration, and may be beneficial in terms of overall therapeutic cost-effectiveness. Given these accumulating data, we believe reconsideration of the "when-to-start" question is timely and justified. JF - Clinical infectious diseases : an official publication of the Infectious Diseases Society of America AU - Holmberg, Scott D AU - Palella, Frank J AU - Lichtenstein, Kenneth A AU - Havlir, Diane V AD - Division of HIV/AIDS Prevention, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA 30333, USA. sdh1@cdc.gov Y1 - 2004/12/01/ PY - 2004 DA - 2004 Dec 01 SP - 1699 EP - 1704 VL - 39 IS - 11 KW - Index Medicus KW - Humans KW - CD4 Lymphocyte Count KW - Time Factors KW - HIV Infections -- complications KW - HIV Infections -- blood KW - HIV Infections -- drug therapy UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/67149334?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Clinical+infectious+diseases+%3A+an+official+publication+of+the+Infectious+Diseases+Society+of+America&rft.atitle=The+case+for+earlier+treatment+of+HIV+infection.&rft.au=Holmberg%2C+Scott+D%3BPalella%2C+Frank+J%3BLichtenstein%2C+Kenneth+A%3BHavlir%2C+Diane+V&rft.aulast=Holmberg&rft.aufirst=Scott&rft.date=2004-12-01&rft.volume=39&rft.issue=11&rft.spage=1699&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Clinical+infectious+diseases+%3A+an+official+publication+of+the+Infectious+Diseases+Society+of+America&rft.issn=1537-6591&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 2005-11-08 N1 - Date created - 2004-12-03 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - SuppNotes - Comment In: Clin Infect Dis. 2004 Dec 1;39(11):1705-8 [15578374] Erratum In: Clin Infect Dis. 2004 Dec 15;39(12):1869 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Altered nuclear factor kappa-B activity and mercury-induced kidney tubule cell apoptosis: implications for renal failure. AN - 67136991; 15573419 JF - Toxicological sciences : an official journal of the Society of Toxicology AU - Fowler, Bruce A AD - Division of Toxicology, Agency Toxic Substances and Disease Registry, 1600 Clifton Road NE, MS F-32, Atlanta, Georgia 30333, USA. bxf9@cdc.gov Y1 - 2004/12// PY - 2004 DA - December 2004 SP - 361 EP - 362 VL - 82 IS - 2 SN - 1096-6080, 1096-6080 KW - Lipopolysaccharides KW - 0 KW - NF-kappa B KW - Reactive Oxygen Species KW - Mercury KW - FXS1BY2PGL KW - Index Medicus KW - Rats KW - Reactive Oxygen Species -- metabolism KW - In Situ Nick-End Labeling KW - Animals KW - Lipopolysaccharides -- pharmacology KW - Cell Line KW - Renal Insufficiency -- pathology KW - Kidney Tubules -- pathology KW - Renal Insufficiency -- chemically induced KW - Kidney Tubules -- drug effects KW - Apoptosis -- drug effects KW - Mercury -- toxicity KW - NF-kappa B -- metabolism UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/67136991?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Toxicological+sciences+%3A+an+official+journal+of+the+Society+of+Toxicology&rft.atitle=Altered+nuclear+factor+kappa-B+activity+and+mercury-induced+kidney+tubule+cell+apoptosis%3A+implications+for+renal+failure.&rft.au=Fowler%2C+Bruce+A&rft.aulast=Fowler&rft.aufirst=Bruce&rft.date=2004-12-01&rft.volume=82&rft.issue=2&rft.spage=361&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Toxicological+sciences+%3A+an+official+journal+of+the+Society+of+Toxicology&rft.issn=10966080&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 2005-03-16 N1 - Date created - 2004-11-30 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - SuppNotes - Comment On: Toxicol Sci. 2004 Nov;82(1):114-23 [15282405] N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Evaluation of the SKC DPM cassette for monitoring diesel particulate matter in coal mines. AN - 67126187; 15568046 AB - In a previous study, the efficacy of commercial and prototype impactors for sampling diesel particulate matter (DPM) in coal mines was investigated. Laboratory and field samples were collected on quartz-fiber filters and analyzed for organic and elemental carbon. Coal dust contributed a minimal amount of elemental carbon when commercial cascade impactors and prototype impactors, designed by the University of Minnesota (UMN) and the US Bureau of Mines (BOM), were used to collect submicrometer dust fractions. Other impactors were not as effective at excluding coal dust. The impactors evaluated in that study were either not commercially available or were multi-stage, expensive, and difficult to use for personal measurements. A commercial version of the BOM impactor, called the DPM Cassette, was recently introduced by SKC. Tests were conducted to evaluate the performance of the DPM Cassette for measuring diesel-source elemental carbon in the presence of coal dust. Bituminous coals from three mines in two different coal provinces were examined. The dust particle diameters were small and the coal dust contained a high percentage of carbon, thereby giving a worst-case condition for non-anthracite coal mines. Results for the DPM Cassette were essentially identical to those obtained by the BOM impactors in a previous study. At a respirable coal dust concentration of 5.46 mg m(-3), which is 3.8 times the regulatory limit, the DPM Cassette collected only 34 microg m(-3) of coal-source elemental carbon. JF - Journal of environmental monitoring : JEM AU - Noll, James D AU - Birch, Eileen AD - Public Health Service, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health/US DHHS, Pittsburgh Research Lab, 626 Cochrans Mill Road, Pittsburgh, PA 15236, USA. JIN1@cdc.gov Y1 - 2004/12// PY - 2004 DA - December 2004 SP - 973 EP - 978 VL - 6 IS - 12 SN - 1464-0325, 1464-0325 KW - Air Pollutants, Occupational KW - 0 KW - Coal KW - Dust KW - Vehicle Emissions KW - Carbon KW - 7440-44-0 KW - Index Medicus KW - United States KW - Evaluation Studies as Topic KW - Particle Size KW - Humans KW - Carbon -- analysis KW - Occupational Exposure KW - Dust -- analysis KW - Air Pollutants, Occupational -- analysis KW - Coal Mining KW - Environmental Monitoring -- methods KW - Vehicle Emissions -- analysis KW - Environmental Monitoring -- instrumentation UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/67126187?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+environmental+monitoring+%3A+JEM&rft.atitle=Evaluation+of+the+SKC+DPM+cassette+for+monitoring+diesel+particulate+matter+in+coal+mines.&rft.au=Noll%2C+James+D%3BBirch%2C+Eileen&rft.aulast=Noll&rft.aufirst=James&rft.date=2004-12-01&rft.volume=6&rft.issue=12&rft.spage=973&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+environmental+monitoring+%3A+JEM&rft.issn=14640325&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 2005-08-01 N1 - Date created - 2004-11-29 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Localization and characterization of flavivirus envelope glycoprotein cross-reactive epitopes. AN - 67102193; 15564505 AB - The flavivirus E glycoprotein, the primary antigen that induces protective immunity, is essential for membrane fusion and mediates binding to cellular receptors. Human flavivirus infections stimulate virus species-specific as well as flavivirus cross-reactive immune responses. Flavivirus cross-reactive antibodies in human sera create a serious problem for serodiagnosis, especially for secondary flavivirus infections, due to the difficulty of differentiating primary from secondary cross-reactive serum antibodies. The presence of subneutralizing levels of flavivirus cross-reactive serum antibodies may result in a dramatic increase in the severity of secondary flavivirus infections via antibody-dependent enhancement. An understanding of flavivirus E-glycoprotein cross-reactive epitopes is therefore critical for improving public health responses to these serious diseases. We identified six E-glycoprotein residues that are incorporated into three distinct flavivirus cross-reactive epitopes. Two of these epitopes which are recognized by distinct monoclonal antibodies contain overlapping continuous residues located within the highly conserved fusion peptide. The third epitope consists of discontinuous residues that are structurally related to the strictly conserved tryptophan at dengue virus serotype 2 E-glycoprotein position 231. JF - Journal of virology AU - Crill, Wayne D AU - Chang, Gwong-Jen J AD - Arbovirus Diseases Branch, Division of Vector-Borne Infectious Diseases, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Public Health Service, U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, P.O. Box 2087, Fort Collins, CO 80522, USA. wcrill@cdc.gov. Y1 - 2004/12// PY - 2004 DA - December 2004 SP - 13975 EP - 13986 VL - 78 IS - 24 SN - 0022-538X, 0022-538X KW - Antibodies, Viral KW - 0 KW - Epitopes KW - Viral Envelope Proteins KW - prM protein, Flavivirus KW - glycoprotein E, Flavivirus KW - 145420-18-4 KW - Index Medicus KW - Mutagenesis, Site-Directed KW - Animals KW - Cricetulus KW - COS Cells KW - Models, Molecular KW - Cercopithecus aethiops KW - Molecular Sequence Data KW - CHO Cells KW - Amino Acid Sequence KW - Epitopes -- immunology KW - Cross Reactions KW - Antibodies, Viral -- immunology KW - Cricetinae KW - Viral Envelope Proteins -- immunology KW - Viral Envelope Proteins -- chemistry KW - Dengue Virus -- immunology KW - Dengue Virus -- metabolism KW - Epitope Mapping UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/67102193?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+virology&rft.atitle=Localization+and+characterization+of+flavivirus+envelope+glycoprotein+cross-reactive+epitopes.&rft.au=Crill%2C+Wayne+D%3BChang%2C+Gwong-Jen+J&rft.aulast=Crill&rft.aufirst=Wayne&rft.date=2004-12-01&rft.volume=78&rft.issue=24&rft.spage=13975&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+virology&rft.issn=0022538X&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 2004-12-23 N1 - Date created - 2004-11-26 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - SuppNotes - Cited By: Nat Struct Biol. 2003 Jun;10(6):482-8 [12740607] J Virol. 1993 Aug;67(8):4956-63 [8331735] J Gen Virol. 2003 Jul;84(Pt 7):1723-8 [12810865] Trends Microbiol. 2003 Sep;11(9):415-21 [13678856] Rev Med Virol. 2003 Nov-Dec;13(6):387-98 [14625886] Expert Rev Vaccines. 2004 Apr;3(2):199-220 [15056045] Am J Epidemiol. 1971 Dec;94(6):596-607 [5133787] Am J Trop Med Hyg. 1982 May;31(3 Pt 1):548-55 [6177259] Am J Trop Med Hyg. 1985 Jan;34(1):162-9 [2578750] Science. 1985 Aug 23;229(4715):726-33 [4023707] Science. 1988 Jan 29;239(4839):476-81 [3277268] J Virol. 1989 Feb;63(2):564-71 [2463377] J Gen Virol. 1989 Jan;70 ( Pt 1):37-43 [2543738] Rev Infect Dis. 1989 May-Jun;11 Suppl 4:S830-9 [2665015] Arch Virol. 1989;105(3-4):209-21 [2473720] J Virol. 2000 May;74(9):4244-52 [10756038] Biochemistry. 2000 May 30;39(21):6296-309 [10828942] J Virol. 2001 Apr;75(8):4002-7 [11264392] J Virol. 2001 May;75(9):4040-7 [11287553] J Virol. 2001 May;75(9):4268-75 [11287576] Vaccine. 2001 Apr 30;19(23-24):3179-88 [11312014] J Virol. 2001 Aug;75(16):7769-73 [11462053] J Virol Methods. 2001 Sep;97(1-2):133-49 [11483224] J Infect. 2001 Feb;42(2):104-15 [11531316] J Mol Biol. 2001 Oct 12;313(1):83-97 [11601848] Trends Microbiol. 2002 Feb;10(2):100-3 [11827812] Cell. 2002 Mar 8;108(5):717-25 [11893341] Emerg Infect Dis. 2002 Mar;8(3):245-51 [11927020] J Mol Biol. 2002 Jul 5;320(2):369-87 [12079393] Virology. 2002 Jun 20;298(1):146-59 [12093182] Am J Trop Med Hyg. 2002 Mar;66(3):264-72 [12139219] Lancet. 2002 Jul 27;360(9329):310-2 [12147378] Nature. 1993 Oct 28;365(6449):859-63 [8413674] Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1994 Feb 1;91(3):1089-93 [8302837] J Virol. 1995 Feb;69(2):695-700 [7529335] Nature. 1995 May 25;375(6529):291-8 [7753193] Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1996 Jan 9;93(1):7-12 [8552677] J Virol. 1998 Jan;72(1):73-83 [9420202] Electrophoresis. 1997 Dec;18(15):2714-23 [9504803] Virology. 1998 Jul 5;246(2):317-28 [9657950] J Mol Biol. 1998 Aug 14;281(2):301-22 [9698550] Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1999 Jan 19;96(2):790-4 [9892712] J Mol Biol. 1999 Feb 5;285(5):2177-98 [9925793] Nat Struct Biol. 1999 Jun;6(6):530-4 [10360354] J Virol. 1999 Jul;73(7):5605-12 [10364309] Am J Trop Med Hyg. 1952 Jan;1(1):30-50 [14903434] Virology. 2003 Feb 1;306(1):170-80 [12620809] Virology. 1992 Apr;187(2):480-91 [1372140] Acta Virol. 1992 May;36(3):277-83 [1360756] Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 2003 Jun 10;100(12):6986-91 [12759475] N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Solid-phase microextraction-based approach to determine free-base nicotine in trapped mainstream cigarette smoke total particulate matter. AN - 67099809; 15563201 AB - Characterizing nicotine delivery from tobacco products is important in the understanding of their addictive potential. Most previous studies report total nicotine and have not differentiated between nicotine in its protonated or free-base form. Rather than simply determining total nicotine, the method described in this paper determines the amount of free-base nicotine associated with trapped mainstream smoke particulate matter generated using a standardized smoking machine protocol. This method quantitatively determines volatile free-base nicotine associated with the particulate phase portion of mainstream cigarette smoke using solid-phase microextraction combined with gas chromatography-mass spectrometry. The headspace above total particulate matter from mainstream cigarette smoke trapped on a Cambridge filter pad (CFP) was analyzed for free-base nicotine in 26 cigarette brands. The selected cigarette brands were chosen to cover a wide range of tar and nicotine deliveries as measured under Federal Trade Commission machine smoking conditions. In the CFP's headspace the free-base nicotine levels ranged from 0.01 to 0.08 mg/cigarette. The measured ranges of free-base nicotine were remarkably similar over the different tar and nicotine delivery categories of full-flavored, light, and ultralight cigarette brands. JF - Journal of agricultural and food chemistry AU - Watson, Clifford H AU - Trommel, Jenna S AU - Ashley, David L AD - Emergency Response and Air Toxicants Branch, Mailstop F-47, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, 4770 Buford Highway N.E., Atlanta, GA 30341-3724, USA. cwatson@cdc.gov Y1 - 2004/12/01/ PY - 2004 DA - 2004 Dec 01 SP - 7240 EP - 7245 VL - 52 IS - 24 SN - 0021-8561, 0021-8561 KW - Smoke KW - 0 KW - Nicotine KW - 6M3C89ZY6R KW - Index Medicus KW - Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry -- methods KW - Volatilization KW - Tobacco -- chemistry KW - Nicotine -- analysis KW - Smoke -- analysis UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/67099809?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+agricultural+and+food+chemistry&rft.atitle=Solid-phase+microextraction-based+approach+to+determine+free-base+nicotine+in+trapped+mainstream+cigarette+smoke+total+particulate+matter.&rft.au=Watson%2C+Clifford+H%3BTrommel%2C+Jenna+S%3BAshley%2C+David+L&rft.aulast=Watson&rft.aufirst=Clifford&rft.date=2004-12-01&rft.volume=52&rft.issue=24&rft.spage=7240&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+agricultural+and+food+chemistry&rft.issn=00218561&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 2004-12-23 N1 - Date created - 2004-11-25 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - An intervention analysis for the reduction of exposure to methylmercury from the consumption of seafood by women of child-bearing age. AN - 67084027; 15546681 AB - A previously developed exposure model was used [Risk Anal. 22 (2002) 689] to assess the effectiveness of various advisory scenarios on minimizing mercury (Hg) blood levels via the consumption of commercial seafood, both finfish and shellfish. This exposure model was developed to predict levels of Hg in blood in women of child-bearing age in the US based on the frequency of seafood consumption, the amount of seafood consumed per serving, and the types of seafood consumed. Steady-state relationships that employed descriptive statistics to account for toxicokinetic variation were used to predict levels of Hg in blood. The model incorporates an uncertainty dimension that is intended to represent the range of plausible interpretations of the data. The predictability of the model was confirmed via the use of National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) blood Hg data. In the present analysis, the model was used to predict the impact of limitations in the amount or types of seafood consumed on blood Hg levels. Specifically, simulations for various advisory scenarios were developed on the basis of limitations on total consumption of seafood, elimination of the consumption of certain species altogether, and/or a combination of both. In the baseline model, the median (uncertainty) estimates for the 50th, 95th, and 99th per capita population percentiles were 1.25, 8.2, and 16.1 ppb blood Hg, respectively. After restriction of seafood consumption to no more than 12 oz/week, the median (uncertainty) estimates for the 50th, 95th, and 99th per capita population percentiles were 1.22, 6.8, and 10.6 ppb blood Hg, respectively. Elimination of MeHg species, with average concentrations above 0.6 ppm, resulted in very modest decrements in Hg blood levels, in comparison to either the baseline or the reduced consumption scenarios. These results suggest that strategies to reduce MeHg exposure by reducing the amount of fish consumed (e.g., 12 oz/week) are more effective at eliminating the high end of the exposure distribution than are strategies intended to change the types of fish consumed. JF - Regulatory toxicology and pharmacology : RTP AU - Carrington, C D AU - Montwill, B AU - Bolger, P M AD - Center for Food Safety and Applied Nutrition, US Food and Drug Administration, College Park, MD, USA. cdc@cfsan.fda.gov Y1 - 2004/12// PY - 2004 DA - December 2004 SP - 272 EP - 280 VL - 40 IS - 3 SN - 0273-2300, 0273-2300 KW - Methylmercury Compounds KW - 0 KW - Mercury KW - FXS1BY2PGL KW - Index Medicus KW - Animals KW - Mercury -- blood KW - Humans KW - Fishes KW - Cooking KW - Adult KW - Nutrition Surveys KW - Models, Biological KW - Female KW - Seafood -- adverse effects KW - Methylmercury Compounds -- adverse effects KW - Seafood -- analysis KW - Diet UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/67084027?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Regulatory+toxicology+and+pharmacology+%3A+RTP&rft.atitle=An+intervention+analysis+for+the+reduction+of+exposure+to+methylmercury+from+the+consumption+of+seafood+by+women+of+child-bearing+age.&rft.au=Carrington%2C+C+D%3BMontwill%2C+B%3BBolger%2C+P+M&rft.aulast=Carrington&rft.aufirst=C&rft.date=2004-12-01&rft.volume=40&rft.issue=3&rft.spage=272&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Regulatory+toxicology+and+pharmacology+%3A+RTP&rft.issn=02732300&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 2005-03-02 N1 - Date created - 2004-11-19 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - SuppNotes - Comment In: Regul Toxicol Pharmacol. 2005 Jul;42(2):249-50; author reply 251 [15963837] N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Prescription weight loss pill use among Americans: patterns of pill use and lessons learned from the fen-phen market withdrawal. AN - 67067766; 15539063 AB - Despite the popularity of antiobesity medications, there is a lack of population-based data on their use. In addition, response (termination of pill use and receipt of an echocardiogram) to the fenfluramine and dexfenfluramine market withdrawal among the public has not been described. Lessons learned from this event have implications for future withdrawals. We used data from the Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System (BRFSS) a random-digit telephone survey. In 1998, six states included detailed questions about the use of prescription weight loss pills in the previous 2 years, n = 16,460 noninstitutionalized adults aged 18 years or older. Almost one third of prescription weight loss pills users were not obese before taking pills. Family and friends and other nonphysicians were reported as sources of medication by one in ten users. One third of users also reported taking nonprescription diet products. Among fenfluramine or dexfenfluramine users, one third continued pill use after the market withdrawal and only one quarter received echocardiograms. Despite enormous publicity, many persons continued to use fen-phen after the market withdrawal and most did not receive follow-up echocardiograms. Our study raises issues regarding the effectiveness of withdrawal warnings in a small but significant subset. Additional means of communicating risk to individuals are needed for future product withdrawals including special strategies for those lacking healthcare coverage. JF - Preventive medicine AU - Blanck, Heidi Michels AU - Khan, Laura Kettel AU - Serdula, Mary K AD - Division of Nutrition and Physical Activity, National Center for Chronic Disease Prevention and Health Promotion, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA 30341-3717, USA. Hblanck@cdc.gov Y1 - 2004/12// PY - 2004 DA - December 2004 SP - 1243 EP - 1248 VL - 39 IS - 6 SN - 0091-7435, 0091-7435 KW - Anti-Obesity Agents KW - 0 KW - Serotonin Agents KW - Fenfluramine KW - 2DS058H2CF KW - Dexfenfluramine KW - E35R3G56OV KW - Index Medicus KW - Humans KW - Fenfluramine -- therapeutic use KW - Dexfenfluramine -- adverse effects KW - Body Mass Index KW - Product Surveillance, Postmarketing -- statistics & numerical data KW - Socioeconomic Factors KW - Life Style KW - Fenfluramine -- adverse effects KW - Adult KW - Weight Loss -- drug effects KW - Surveys and Questionnaires KW - Dexfenfluramine -- therapeutic use KW - Serotonin Agents -- therapeutic use KW - Middle Aged KW - United States -- epidemiology KW - Serotonin Agents -- adverse effects KW - Female KW - Male KW - Obesity -- drug therapy KW - Obesity -- epidemiology KW - Anti-Obesity Agents -- adverse effects KW - Anti-Obesity Agents -- therapeutic use UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/67067766?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Preventive+medicine&rft.atitle=Prescription+weight+loss+pill+use+among+Americans%3A+patterns+of+pill+use+and+lessons+learned+from+the+fen-phen+market+withdrawal.&rft.au=Blanck%2C+Heidi+Michels%3BKhan%2C+Laura+Kettel%3BSerdula%2C+Mary+K&rft.aulast=Blanck&rft.aufirst=Heidi&rft.date=2004-12-01&rft.volume=39&rft.issue=6&rft.spage=1243&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Preventive+medicine&rft.issn=00917435&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 2005-05-19 N1 - Date created - 2004-11-12 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Building-related respiratory symptoms can be predicted with semi-quantitative indices of exposure to dampness and mold. AN - 67002001; 15500636 AB - Using a semi-quantitative mold exposure index, the National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH) investigated 13 college buildings to examine whether building-related respiratory symptoms among employees are associated with environmental exposure to mold and dampness in buildings. We collected data on upper and lower respiratory symptoms and their building-relatedness, and time spent in specific rooms with a self-administered questionnaires. Trained NIOSH industrial hygienists classified rooms for water stains, visible mold, mold odor, and moisture using semi-quantitative scales and then estimated individual exposure indices weighted by the time spent in specific rooms. The semi-quantitative exposure indices significantly predicted building-related respiratory symptoms, including wheeze [odds ratio (OR) = 2.3; 95% confidence interval (CI) = 1.1-4.5], chest tightness (OR = 2.2; 95% CI = 1.1-4.6), shortness of breath (OR = 2.7; 95% CI = 1.2-6.1), nasal (OR = 2.5; 95% CI = 1.3-4.7) and sinus (OR = 2.2; 95% CI = 1.2-4.1) symptoms, with exposure-response relationships. We found that conditions suggestive of indoor mold exposure at work were associated with building-related respiratory symptoms. Our findings suggest that observational semi-quantitative indices of exposure to dampness and mold can support action to prevent building-related respiratory diseases. Current air sampling methods have major limitations in assessing exposure to mold and other biological agents that may prevent the demonstration of associations of bioaerosol exposure with health. Our study demonstrates that semi-quantitative dampness/mold exposure indices, based solely on visual and olfactory observation and weighted by time spent in specific rooms, can predict existence of excessive building-related respiratory symptoms and diseases. Relative extent of water stains, visible mold, mold odor, or moisture can be used to prioritize remediation to reduce potential risk of building-related respiratory diseases. From a public health perspective, these observational findings justify action to correct water leaks and repair water damage in order to prevent building-related respiratory diseases. This approach can also be a basis for developing practical building-diagnostic tools for water-incursion. JF - Indoor air AU - Park, J-H AU - Schleiff, P L AU - Attfield, M D AU - Cox-Ganser, J M AU - Kreiss, K AD - National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, Division of Respiratory Disease Studies, Field Studies Branch, Morgantown, WV 26505, USA. gzp9@cdc.gov Y1 - 2004/12// PY - 2004 DA - December 2004 SP - 425 EP - 433 VL - 14 IS - 6 SN - 0905-6947, 0905-6947 KW - Index Medicus KW - Occupational Exposure KW - United States KW - Humans KW - Aged KW - Predictive Value of Tests KW - National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (U.S.) KW - Adult KW - Surveys and Questionnaires KW - Epidemiological Monitoring KW - Middle Aged KW - West Virginia -- epidemiology KW - Female KW - Male KW - Occupational Diseases -- diagnosis KW - Air Pollution, Indoor -- analysis KW - Respiratory Tract Diseases -- etiology KW - Respiratory Tract Diseases -- epidemiology KW - Respiratory Tract Diseases -- diagnosis KW - Occupational Diseases -- etiology KW - Mitosporic Fungi KW - Humidity KW - Occupational Diseases -- epidemiology KW - Environmental Monitoring -- methods UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/67002001?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Indoor+air&rft.atitle=Building-related+respiratory+symptoms+can+be+predicted+with+semi-quantitative+indices+of+exposure+to+dampness+and+mold.&rft.au=Park%2C+J-H%3BSchleiff%2C+P+L%3BAttfield%2C+M+D%3BCox-Ganser%2C+J+M%3BKreiss%2C+K&rft.aulast=Park&rft.aufirst=J-H&rft.date=2004-12-01&rft.volume=14&rft.issue=6&rft.spage=425&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Indoor+air&rft.issn=09056947&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 2004-12-09 N1 - Date created - 2004-10-25 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - SuppNotes - Comment In: Indoor Air. 2006 Feb;16(1):82;author reply 83-4 [16420502] N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Differences in food habits and cardiovascular disease risk factors among Native Americans with and without diabetes: the Inter-Tribal Heart Project AN - 20778737; 10837928 AB - To examine differences in food habits among Native Americans with and without diabetes. A cross-sectional epidemiological study in which participants underwent a physical examination and answered an extensive interviewer-administered questionnaire to assess differences in food servings, preparation and eating habits. Participants aged greater than or equal to 25 years were randomly selected from three reservations in Minnesota and Wisconsin. There were 990 persons without diabetes, 294 with a prior diagnosis of diabetes, and 80 with fasting glucose >125 mg dl-1 but no prior diabetes diagnosis. Persons with prior diabetes diagnosis were less likely than those without diabetes to report eating fast-food meals two or more times per week, eat visible fat on meat or the skin on poultry, eat fried chicken or fried fish, to add fat to cooked vegetables and drink whole milk. Persons with previously undiagnosed diabetes were more likely than previously diagnosed persons to report eating fast-food meals two or more times per week, eat visible fat on meat and the skin on poultry, drink whole milk and eat fried fish, but were less likely to drink low-fat milk. Previously undiagnosed persons were more likely than either diagnosed persons or persons without diabetes to consume lard from cooked foods and use it when cooking. Persons with diagnosed diabetes showed healthier eating patterns than those without diabetes, while undiagnosed persons showed some less favourable patterns. Because virtually all persons with diabetes in these communities receive nutrition education, the results suggest that nutrition education programmes for diabetics may be associated with healthier eating patterns. JF - Public Health Nutrition AU - Archer, S L AU - Greenlund, K J AU - Valdez, R AU - Casper, M L AU - Rith-Najarian, S AU - Croft, J B Y1 - 2004/12// PY - 2004 DA - Dec 2004 SP - 1025 EP - 1032 PB - Cambridge University Press, 32 Avenue of the Americas New York NY 10013-2473 USA VL - 7 IS - 8 SN - 1368-9800, 1368-9800 KW - Risk Abstracts KW - Skin KW - poultry KW - USA, Wisconsin KW - Nutrition KW - USA, Minnesota KW - Education KW - diabetes mellitus KW - cooking KW - Fish KW - Cardiovascular diseases KW - Ethnic groups KW - R2 23060:Medical and environmental health UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/20778737?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Ariskabstracts&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Public+Health+Nutrition&rft.atitle=Differences+in+food+habits+and+cardiovascular+disease+risk+factors+among+Native+Americans+with+and+without+diabetes%3A+the+Inter-Tribal+Heart+Project&rft.au=Archer%2C+S+L%3BGreenlund%2C+K+J%3BValdez%2C+R%3BCasper%2C+M+L%3BRith-Najarian%2C+S%3BCroft%2C+J+B&rft.aulast=Archer&rft.aufirst=S&rft.date=2004-12-01&rft.volume=7&rft.issue=8&rft.spage=1025&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Public+Health+Nutrition&rft.issn=13689800&rft_id=info:doi/10.1079%2FPHN2004639 LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2009-09-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-14 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - USA, Wisconsin; USA, Minnesota; diabetes mellitus; Fish; Skin; Education; Ethnic groups; Nutrition; poultry; cooking; Cardiovascular diseases DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1079/PHN2004639 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - MOLECULAR SYSTEMATICS OF NEOTOMINE-PEROMYSCINE RODENTS BASED ON THE DENTIN MATRIX PROTEIN 1 GENE AN - 20036201; 8697194 AB - Despite previous work on the North American sigmodontine rodents, phylogenetic relationships within the neotomine-peromyscine complex remain conjectural. The debate focuses not only on the number of tribes within the group, but also on the relationships of genera within each tribe. Phylogenetic relationships of 19 species representing 13 genera of neotomine-peromyscine rodents were examined by using approximately 1,200 base pairs (bp) of exon 6 of the nuclear, protein-coding dentin matrix protein 1 gene (Dmp1). The topology obtained from the maximum likelihood analysis indicated that 4 tribes should be recognized: the Neotomini, Peromyscini, Baiomyini, and Tylomyini, with the Tylomyini sister to a rapidly radiating clade of neotomine-peromyscine-baiomyine rodents. In addition, it appears that Dmp1 is phylogenetically informative at the tribal level in North American sigmodontine rodents. JF - Journal of Mammalogy AU - Reeder, Serena A AU - Bradley, Robert D AD - Department of Biological Sciences, Texas Tech University, Lubbock, TX 79409-3131, USA (SAR, RDB), sreeder@cdc.gov Y1 - 2004/12// PY - 2004 DA - Dec 2004 SP - 1194 EP - 1200 PB - Allen Press, Inc., 810 East Tenth St. VL - 85 IS - 6 SN - 0022-2372, 0022-2372 KW - Genetics Abstracts; Animal Behavior Abstracts; Ecology Abstracts KW - nuclear gene KW - dentin KW - neotomine KW - peromyscine KW - Sigmodontinae KW - systematics KW - Phylogeny KW - Dmp1 protein KW - Exons KW - Base pairs KW - Y 25150:General/Miscellaneous KW - D 04040:Ecosystem and Ecology Studies KW - G 07870:Mammals UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/20036201?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aecology&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Mammalogy&rft.atitle=MOLECULAR+SYSTEMATICS+OF+NEOTOMINE-PEROMYSCINE+RODENTS+BASED+ON+THE+DENTIN+MATRIX+PROTEIN+1+GENE&rft.au=Reeder%2C+Serena+A%3BBradley%2C+Robert+D&rft.aulast=Reeder&rft.aufirst=Serena&rft.date=2004-12-01&rft.volume=85&rft.issue=6&rft.spage=1194&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+Mammalogy&rft.issn=00222372&rft_id=info:doi/10.1644%2FBEL-105.1 LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2008-12-01 N1 - Last updated - 2015-03-27 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Dmp1 protein; Phylogeny; Exons; Base pairs DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1644/BEL-105.1 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Trends in State-Specific Prevalence of Overweight and Underweight in 2- Through 4-Year-Old Children From Low-Income Families From 1989 Through 2000 AN - 19405216; 6098007 AB - OBJECTIVES: To document overweight and underweight state-specific prevalence and examine trends among 2- through 4-year-old children from low-income families. METHODS: State-specific and overall overweight and underweight prevalence for 1989, 1994, and 2000 and trend analyses during the study period are documented. Overweight was defined as a sex-specific body mass index (BMI) for age in the 95th percentile or higher and underweight as a sex-specific BMI for age in less than the fifth percentile on the 2000 Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) growth charts. These analyses are based on one randomly selected record per child per year for 30 states consistently participating in the CDC Pediatric Nutrition Surveillance System in 1989, 1994, and 2000. Prevalence in 1989 and 1994 is adjusted to state-specific age and race/ethnicity distribution of the population in 2000. Overweight and underweight prevalence were categorized as 5% or less, more than 5% to 10%, more than 10% to 15%, more than 15% to 20%, and more than 20%. RESULTS: The number of states that reported overweight prevalence of more than 10% increased from 11 in 1989 to 28 in 2000. Underweight decreased during the study period: 9 states in 1989 and 23 states in 2000 had a prevalence of 5% or less. No geographic predominance was apparent. Trend analyses showed significant increases in overweight in 30 states (P < .01) and decreases in underweight in 26 states (P < .05). CONCLUSIONS: Overweight is increasing and underweight is decreasing in our study population. We need to expand prevention and intervention efforts to reverse the rising trend of overweight in the United States. JF - Archives of Pediatrics & Adolescent Medicine AU - Sherry, Bettylou AU - Mei, Zuguo AU - Scanlon, Kelley S AU - Mokdad, Ali H AU - Grummer-Strawn, Laurence M AD - Maternal and Child Nutrition Branch, Division of Nutrition and Physical Activity (Drs Sherry, Mei, Scanlon, and Grummer-Strawn), and Behavioral Surveillance Branch, Division of Adult and Community Health (Dr Mokdad), National Center for Chronic Disease Prevention and Health Promotion, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Ga. Y1 - 2004/12// PY - 2004 DA - Dec 2004 SP - 1116 EP - 1124 PB - American Medical Association, 515 N. State St. Chicago IL 60610 USA VL - 158 IS - 12 SN - 1072-4710, 1072-4710 KW - Physical Education Index KW - Obesity KW - Age KW - Pediatrics KW - Preventive health KW - Body mass KW - Adolescence KW - Children KW - Nutrition KW - Analysis KW - Family KW - Diseases KW - Archives KW - Trends KW - PE 030:Exercise, Health & Physical Fitness UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/19405216?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aphysicaleducation&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Archives+of+Pediatrics+%26+Adolescent+Medicine&rft.atitle=Trends+in+State-Specific+Prevalence+of+Overweight+and+Underweight+in+2-+Through+4-Year-Old+Children+From+Low-Income+Families+From+1989+Through+2000&rft.au=Sherry%2C+Bettylou%3BMei%2C+Zuguo%3BScanlon%2C+Kelley+S%3BMokdad%2C+Ali+H%3BGrummer-Strawn%2C+Laurence+M&rft.aulast=Sherry&rft.aufirst=Bettylou&rft.date=2004-12-01&rft.volume=158&rft.issue=12&rft.spage=1116&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Archives+of+Pediatrics+%26+Adolescent+Medicine&rft.issn=10724710&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - Physical Education Index N1 - Date revised - 2007-06-01 N1 - Last updated - 2015-04-01 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Obesity; Age; Preventive health; Pediatrics; Adolescence; Body mass; Children; Nutrition; Analysis; Family; Archives; Diseases; Trends ER - TY - JOUR T1 - An investigation on the relationship between grip, push and contact forces applied to a tool handle AN - 18030280; 6065642 AB - Owing to the strong dependence of the health risks associated with vibration exposure of the human hand and arm on hand force, a laboratory study was conducted to develop a methodology for measurement of the contact force at the tool handle-hand interface, and to identify the relationship between the contact force and the hand grip and push forces. A simulated tool handle fixture was realized in the laboratory to measure the grip and push forces using compression/extension force sensors integrated within the handle and a force plate, respectively. The contact force was derived through integration of the interface pressure over the contact area. These were measured using a capacitive pressure-sensing grid. The measurements were performed with 10 male subjects and three circular cross-section handles of different sizes under different combinations of grip and push forces. The hand-handle interface pressure data were analyzed to derive the contact force, as functions of the constant magnitudes of the grip and push forces, and the handle size. The results suggest that the hand-handle contact force is strongly dependent upon not only the grip and push forces but also the handle diameter. The contact force for a given handle size can be expressed as a linear combination of grip and push forces, where the contribution of the grip force is considerably larger than that of the push force. The results further suggest that a linear relation can characterize the dependence of the contact force on the handle diameter. The validity of the proposed relationship is demonstrated by evaluating the magnitudes of errors between the estimated contact forces with the measured data for the range of handle diameters, and grip and push forces considered in the study. The methodology proposed in this study can be applied to measure the effective hand- handle contact force at workplaces for assessing the health risks associated with exposure to hand-transmitted vibration exposure and hand-wrist cumulative trauma. The relationship proposed in the study could be effectively applied for estimating the hand-handle contact force from known grip and push forces that are conveniently and directly measurable in laboratory studies involving vibration analyses of the human hand, power tools and relevant vibration attenuation devices. It is expected to be most useful in field applications, where it could provide an estimate of the range of magnitudes of the hand-grip force applied to the handle of an actual tool, which is quite difficult and expensive to measure. The relationship is also expected to contribute to the on- going standardization efforts for defining a correction factor to account for the effects of hand force on the vibration transmission and hand injuries. JF - International Journal of Industrial Ergonomics AU - Welcome, D AU - Rakheja, S AU - Dong, R AU - Wu, J Z AU - Schopper, A W AD - Engineering & Control Technology Branch, NIOSH, 1095 Willowdale Road, MS 2201, Morgantown, WV 26505, USA, zzw8@cdc.gov Y1 - 2004/12// PY - 2004 DA - Dec 2004 SP - 507 EP - 518 PB - Elsevier Science B.V., P.O. Box 211 Amsterdam 1000 AE Netherlands, [mailto:nlinfo-f@elsevier.nl], [URL:http://www.elsevier.nl/] VL - 34 IS - 6 SN - 0169-8141, 0169-8141 KW - Health & Safety Science Abstracts KW - Injuries KW - Vibration KW - Standards KW - Occupational exposure KW - Ergonomics KW - Hand tools KW - H 10000:Ergonomics/Human Factors UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/18030280?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Ahealthsafetyabstracts&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=International+Journal+of+Industrial+Ergonomics&rft.atitle=An+investigation+on+the+relationship+between+grip%2C+push+and+contact+forces+applied+to+a+tool+handle&rft.au=Welcome%2C+D%3BRakheja%2C+S%3BDong%2C+R%3BWu%2C+J+Z%3BSchopper%2C+A+W&rft.aulast=Welcome&rft.aufirst=D&rft.date=2004-12-01&rft.volume=34&rft.issue=6&rft.spage=507&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=International+Journal+of+Industrial+Ergonomics&rft.issn=01698141&rft_id=info:doi/10.1016%2Fj.ergon.2004.06.005 LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Vibration; Standards; Ergonomics; Injuries; Hand tools; Occupational exposure DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ergon.2004.06.005 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Persistent chemicals found in breast milk and their possible interactions AN - 17855364; 6131878 AB - Chlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxins (CDDs), hexachlorobenzene, dichlorodiphenyl dichloroethane (p, p'-DDE), methylmercury, and polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) were selected as an important subset of persistent chemicals detected in breast milk for the purpose of reviewing data on their joint toxic actions following oral exposure. Epidemiological studies of possible health hazards associated with exposure to biopersistent chemicals in breast milk identify mild neurodevelopmental deficits as a possible health hazard. However, the studies did not analyze all the components of the above defined mixture, and, therefore, they are not directly useful for the purposes of conducting exposure-based assessments of hazards associated with this mixture. For this purpose, component-based methodology such as binary weight-of- evidence, the hazard index (HI) and the target-organ toxicity dose (TTD) approaches are recommended. Weight-of-evidence evaluation of the limited animal studies' data on interactions among CDDs, hexachlorobenzene, p, p-DDE, methylmercury, and PCBs indicates that the data are inadequate to warrant a concern for deviations from the additivity assumption. Further, exposure-based health assessments are used, in conjunction with evaluation of community- specific health outcome data, consideration of community health concerns, and biomedical judgement, to assess the degree of public health hazard presented by mixtures of substances released into the environment. JF - Environmental Toxicology and Pharmacology AU - Pohl, H R AU - McClure, P AU - De Rosa, CT AD - Agency for Toxic Substances and Disease Registry (ATSDR), U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, Atlanta, Georgia 30333, GA, USA, hpohl@cdc.gov Y1 - 2004/12// PY - 2004 DA - Dec 2004 SP - 259 EP - 266 PB - Elsevier Science Ltd., The Boulevard Langford Lane Kidlington Oxford OX5 1GB UK, [mailto:nlinfo-f@elsevier.nl], [URL:http://www.elsevier.nl] VL - 18 IS - 3 SN - 1382-6689, 1382-6689 KW - dichlorodiphenyl dichloroethane KW - methylmercury KW - Health & Safety Science Abstracts; Pollution Abstracts; Toxicology Abstracts KW - Breast milk KW - Public health KW - PCB compounds KW - PCB KW - Methylmercury KW - Toxicity KW - Joints KW - polychlorinated biphenyls KW - Dibenzo-p-dioxin KW - Hexachlorobenzene KW - X 24120:Food, additives & contaminants KW - X 24156:Environmental impact KW - H 12000:Epidemiology and Public Health KW - X 24221:Toxicity testing KW - P 6000:TOXICOLOGY AND HEALTH UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/17855364?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxicologyabstracts&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Environmental+Toxicology+and+Pharmacology&rft.atitle=Persistent+chemicals+found+in+breast+milk+and+their+possible+interactions&rft.au=Pohl%2C+H+R%3BMcClure%2C+P%3BDe+Rosa%2C+CT&rft.aulast=Pohl&rft.aufirst=H&rft.date=2004-12-01&rft.volume=18&rft.issue=3&rft.spage=259&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Environmental+Toxicology+and+Pharmacology&rft.issn=13826689&rft_id=info:doi/10.1016%2Fj.etap.2003.11.012 LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Breast milk; PCB compounds; Hexachlorobenzene; Toxicity; Public health; Methylmercury; PCB; polychlorinated biphenyls; Joints; Dibenzo-p-dioxin DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.etap.2003.11.012 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - International collaborative effort on injury statistics: 10-year review AN - 17809412; 6203550 AB - International comparisons of injury data may be useful for examining differences in risk and for suggesting potential interventions or hypotheses for future studies. However important issues to be considered in conducting comparisons are related to both the underlying quality of the data and how the data is collected. The International Collaborative Effort (ICE) on Injury Statistics grew out of concerns over the comparability of international injury data. This article outlines the history behind the development of the injury ICE, brief descriptions of current and past projects, collaborations, and reflections on the value of collaboration. JF - Injury Control and Safety Promotion AU - Fingerhut, LA AD - National Center for Health Statistics, 3311 Toledo Road, Room 6316, Hyattsville, Maryland, 20782, USA, LFingerhut@cdc.gov Y1 - 2004/12// PY - 2004 DA - Dec 2004 SP - 297 EP - 301 VL - 11 IS - 4 SN - 1566-0974, 1566-0974 KW - Health & Safety Science Abstracts KW - Historical account KW - Data collection KW - Injuries KW - International cooperation KW - Statistical analysis KW - Reviews KW - H 11000:Diseases/Injuries/Trauma UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/17809412?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Ahealthsafetyabstracts&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Injury+Control+and+Safety+Promotion&rft.atitle=International+collaborative+effort+on+injury+statistics%3A+10-year+review&rft.au=Fingerhut%2C+LA&rft.aulast=Fingerhut&rft.aufirst=LA&rft.date=2004-12-01&rft.volume=11&rft.issue=4&rft.spage=297&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Injury+Control+and+Safety+Promotion&rft.issn=15660974&rft_id=info:doi/10.1080%2F156609704%2F233%2F331834 LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Injuries; Data collection; Statistical analysis; International cooperation; Reviews; Historical account DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/156609704/233/331834 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Screening of males for Chlamydia trachomatis and Neisseria gonorrhoeae infections at STD clinics in three US cities - Indianapolis, New Orleans, Seattle AN - 17799272; 6130228 AB - We assessed prevalence and risk factor data for men routinely screened for Chlamydia trachomatis and Neisseria gonorrhoeae in STD clinics in four US cities from May 1995-March 1999. Data were analysed separately for 'test-visits' (self-reported symptoms, clinical signs or sexual contact to an STD) and 'screen-visits' (STD screen only) for 32,595 men with 45,390 visits. Among test-visits in Seattle, Indianapolis and New Orleans, 8.7% (807/9285), 15.3% (1305/8519), and 10.1% (1551/15,296) of men were positive for C. trachomatis, and 10.2% (773/7543), 24.9% (2108/8478), and 30.4% (4746/15,629) for N. gonorrhoeae. Among screen-visits, 2.1% (88/4103), 7.3% (130/1790), and 5.6% (292/5183) of men were positive for C. trachomatis, and 1.8% (46/2576), 1.7% (31/1786), and 5.2% (274/5235) for N. gonorrhoeae. Positivity for screen-visits was particularly high among young men (15-24 years), and those reporting >1 sex partner in the past 60 days. Substantial variation among sites in positivity warrants local determination of prevalence and risk factors to inform screening strategies. JF - International Journal of STD & AIDS AU - Kohl, K S AU - Sternberg, M R AU - Markowitz, LE AU - Blythe, MJ AU - Kissinger, P AU - Lafferty, W E AU - Groseclose, S L AU - Levine, W C AD - Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, 1600 Clifton Rd, Mailstop E-61, Atlanta, GA, USA, kkohl@cdc.gov Y1 - 2004/12// PY - 2004 DA - Dec 2004 SP - 822 EP - 828 VL - 15 IS - 12 SN - 0956-4624, 0956-4624 KW - Microbiology Abstracts B: Bacteriology KW - Screening KW - Symptoms KW - USA, Indiana, Indianapolis KW - Data processing KW - Sexually-transmitted diseases KW - Risk factors KW - Chlamydia trachomatis KW - USA, Washington, Seattle KW - Sexual behavior KW - USA, Louisiana, New Orleans KW - Neisseria gonorrhoeae KW - J 02849:Sexually-transmitted diseases UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/17799272?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologyb&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=International+Journal+of+STD+%26+AIDS&rft.atitle=Screening+of+males+for+Chlamydia+trachomatis+and+Neisseria+gonorrhoeae+infections+at+STD+clinics+in+three+US+cities+-+Indianapolis%2C+New+Orleans%2C+Seattle&rft.au=Kohl%2C+K+S%3BSternberg%2C+M+R%3BMarkowitz%2C+LE%3BBlythe%2C+MJ%3BKissinger%2C+P%3BLafferty%2C+W+E%3BGroseclose%2C+S+L%3BLevine%2C+W+C&rft.aulast=Kohl&rft.aufirst=K&rft.date=2004-12-01&rft.volume=15&rft.issue=12&rft.spage=822&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=International+Journal+of+STD+%26+AIDS&rft.issn=09564624&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Chlamydia trachomatis; Neisseria gonorrhoeae; USA, Indiana, Indianapolis; USA, Louisiana, New Orleans; USA, Washington, Seattle; Risk factors; Symptoms; Sexual behavior; Data processing; Screening; Sexually-transmitted diseases ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Using the ATSDR Guidance Manual for the Assessment of Joint Toxic Action of Chemical Mixtures AN - 17798783; 6132950 AB - The Guidance Manual for the Assessment of Joint Toxic Action of Chemical Mixtures (Mixtures Guidance Manual) is intended to assist environmental health scientists and toxicologists in determining whether exposure to chemical mixtures at hazardous waste sites may affect public health. The Agency for Toxic Substances and Disease Registry (ATSDR) approach is a semi-quantitative screening process. Step-by-step procedures for assessing noncarcinogenic and carcinogenic effects are outlined in flow charts. Exposure data and toxicological information on the mixture of concern are the preferred basis for an assessment. If suitable whole mixture studies are not available, a components-based approach is undertaken. The hazard index (HI) method is used to screen for noncancer health hazards from potential additivity of the components. Cancer risks for the components are summed to screen for health hazards from potential additivity of carcinogenic effects. A weight-of-evidence (WOE) method is used to evaluate the potential impact of interactions on noncancer and cancer health effects. JF - Environmental Toxicology and Pharmacology AU - Wilbur, S B AU - Hansen, H AU - Pohl, H AU - Colman, J AU - McClure, P AD - Agency for Toxic Substances and Disease Registry, Division of Toxicology, U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, 1600 Clifton Road, NE, Atlanta, GA 30333, USA, sdw9@cdc.gov Y1 - 2004/12// PY - 2004 DA - Dec 2004 SP - 223 EP - 230 PB - Elsevier Science Ltd., The Boulevard Langford Lane Kidlington Oxford OX5 1GB UK, [mailto:nlinfo-f@elsevier.nl], [URL:http://www.elsevier.nl] VL - 18 IS - 3 SN - 1382-6689, 1382-6689 KW - Toxicology Abstracts KW - Chemicals KW - Databases KW - Carcinogenicity KW - Exposure KW - Wastes KW - Cancer KW - Public health KW - X 24230:Legislation & recommended standards KW - X 24221:Toxicity testing UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/17798783?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxicologyabstracts&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Environmental+Toxicology+and+Pharmacology&rft.atitle=Using+the+ATSDR+Guidance+Manual+for+the+Assessment+of+Joint+Toxic+Action+of+Chemical+Mixtures&rft.au=Wilbur%2C+S+B%3BHansen%2C+H%3BPohl%2C+H%3BColman%2C+J%3BMcClure%2C+P&rft.aulast=Wilbur&rft.aufirst=S&rft.date=2004-12-01&rft.volume=18&rft.issue=3&rft.spage=223&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Environmental+Toxicology+and+Pharmacology&rft.issn=13826689&rft_id=info:doi/10.1016%2Fj.etap.2003.03.001 LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Cancer; Exposure; Chemicals; Databases; Carcinogenicity; Public health; Wastes DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.etap.2003.03.001 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Metal-induced oxidative stress and signal transduction AN - 17786812; 6096104 AB - Occupational and environmental exposures to metals are associated with the development of various cancers. Although carcinogenesis caused by metals has been intensively investigated, the mechanisms of action, especially at the molecular level, are still unclear. Accumulating evidence indicates that reactive oxygen species generated by metals may play an important role in the etiology of disease. This review covers recent advances in (1) metal-induced generation of reactive oxygen species; (2) the receptors, kinases, and nuclear transcription factors affected by metals and metal-induced oxidative stress, including growth factor receptors, src kinase, ras signaling, mitogen-activated protein kinases, the phosphoinositide 3-phosphate/Akt pathway, nuclear transcription factor Kappa B, activator protein 1, p53, nuclear factor of activated T cells, and hypoxia-inducible factor 1; and (3) global cellular phenomena (signal transduction, cell cycle regulation, and apoptosis) associated with metal-induced ROS production and gene expression. JF - Free Radical Biology and Medicine AU - Leonard, S S AU - Harris, G K AU - Shi, X AD - Pathology and Physiology Research Branch, Health Effects Laboratory Division, National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, Morgantown, WV, USA, SEL5@cdc.gov Y1 - 2004/12// PY - 2004 DA - Dec 2004 SP - 1921 EP - 1942 PB - Elsevier Science Ltd., The Boulevard Langford Lane Kidlington Oxford OX5 1GB UK, [mailto:nlinfo-f@elsevier.nl], [URL:http://www.elsevier.nl] VL - 37 IS - 12 SN - 0891-5849, 0891-5849 KW - Biochemistry Abstracts 2: Nucleic Acids; Toxicology Abstracts KW - Metals KW - Reactive oxygen species KW - Signal transduction KW - Carcinogenesis KW - Free radicals KW - Akt, human analog of v-Akt mouse lymphoma retrovirus protein KW - AP-1, activator protein-1 KW - ATM, ataxia-telangiectasia mutated KW - ATR, ATM and Rad3-related KW - BMAPK-1, big MAPK-1 KW - CGP, cultured granular progenitors KW - EGF, epidermal growth factor KW - ERK, extracellular-regulated kinase KW - FADD, Fas-associated death domain KW - GADD, gene arrest and DNA damage KW - GSH, reduced glutathione KW - HIF-1, hypoxia-inducible factor 1 KW - HO-1, heme-oxygenase 1 KW - IKK, inhibitory [kappa]B kinase KW - IL, interleukin KW - JNK, c-jun-NH2-terminal kinase KW - MAPK, mitogen-activated protein kinase KW - mdm2, murine double minute 2 KW - MEK, MAPK/ERK kinase KW - NADPH, reduced nicotine adenine dinucleotide phosphate KW - NFAT, nuclear factor of activated T cells KW - NF-[kappa]B, nuclear transcription factor [kappa]B KW - NTK, nonreceptor tyrosine kinase KW - PDGF, platelet-derived growth factor KW - PI3K, phosphoinositide 3-kinase KW - PKC, protein kinase C KW - ROS, reactive oxygen species KW - RTK, receptor tyrosine kinase KW - SOD, superoxide dismutase KW - TNF, tumor necrosis factor KW - VEGF, vascular endothelial growth factor KW - Ras protein KW - MAP kinase KW - Etiology KW - Apoptosis KW - Cell cycle KW - Activator protein 1 KW - Cancer KW - p53 protein KW - Gene expression KW - Oxidative stress KW - Growth factor receptors KW - Transcription factors KW - Reviews KW - AKT protein KW - Src protein KW - NF-AT protein KW - N 14100:Reviews KW - X 24164:Pathology KW - X 24165:Biochemistry UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/17786812?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxicologyabstracts&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Free+Radical+Biology+and+Medicine&rft.atitle=Metal-induced+oxidative+stress+and+signal+transduction&rft.au=Leonard%2C+S+S%3BHarris%2C+G+K%3BShi%2C+X&rft.aulast=Leonard&rft.aufirst=S&rft.date=2004-12-01&rft.volume=37&rft.issue=12&rft.spage=1921&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Free+Radical+Biology+and+Medicine&rft.issn=08915849&rft_id=info:doi/10.1016%2Fj.freeradbiomed.2004.09.010 LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Last updated - 2015-03-24 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Ras protein; Metals; Etiology; MAP kinase; Apoptosis; Activator protein 1; Cell cycle; Cancer; p53 protein; Gene expression; Reactive oxygen species; Oxidative stress; Reviews; Transcription factors; Growth factor receptors; Carcinogenesis; Src protein; AKT protein; NF-AT protein; Signal transduction DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2004.09.010 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Falls through Roof and Floor Openings and Surfaces, Including Skylights: 1992-2000 AN - 17760175; 6157082 AB - Fall-related occupational injuries and fatalities are still serious problems in the U.S. construction industry. Two Bureau of Labor Statistics databases-Census of Fatal Occupational Injuries and Survey of Occupational Injuries and Illnesses-were examined for 1992-2000. An important subset of falls-to-lower-level incidents is when workers fall through openings or surfaces, including skylights. A total of 605 fall-through fatalities occurred during 1992-2000. Also, 21,985 workers were injured seriously enough from fall-through incidents to miss a day away from work (DAFW). Fall-through injuries are among the most severe cases for median number of DAFW. Median DAFW were 35, 11, 25, 12, and 36 for fall-through roof and floor openings, roof and floor surfaces, and skylights, respectively, compared to 10 DAFW for all fall-to-lower-level incidents in all U.S. private industry. A conservative approach, which assumes that direct and indirect costs are equal, estimates a range of $55,000-$76,000 for the total cost of a 1998 DAFW fall-through injury. Current work practices should use commercial fall-prevention products to reduce the frequency and costs of fall-through incidents. These analyses have identified a subset of fall-related incidents that contribute to excessive costs to the U.S. construction industry. Researchers can use a systems approach on these incidents to identify contributing risk factors. Employers and practitioners can alert managers and work crews about these dangerous locations to eliminate these hazards that are often obvious and easy to rectify. JF - Journal of Construction Engineering and Management AU - Bobick, T G AD - Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, Division of Safety Research, 1095 Willowdale Rd., Mailstop H-G800, Morgantown, WV 26505-2888, USA, txb4@cdc.gov Y1 - 2004/12// PY - 2004 DA - Dec 2004 SP - 895 EP - 907 VL - 130 IS - 6 SN - 0733-9364, 0733-9364 KW - Health & Safety Science Abstracts; Risk Abstracts KW - Injuries KW - Occupational safety KW - Accidents KW - Economics KW - Construction industry KW - Mortality KW - Falls KW - Prevention KW - USA KW - R2 23080:Industrial and labor KW - H 1000:Occupational Safety and Health UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/17760175?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Ariskabstracts&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Construction+Engineering+and+Management&rft.atitle=Falls+through+Roof+and+Floor+Openings+and+Surfaces%2C+Including+Skylights%3A+1992-2000&rft.au=Bobick%2C+T+G&rft.aulast=Bobick&rft.aufirst=T&rft.date=2004-12-01&rft.volume=130&rft.issue=6&rft.spage=895&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+Construction+Engineering+and+Management&rft.issn=07339364&rft_id=info:doi/10.1061%2F%28ASCE%290733-9364%282004%29130%3A6%28895%29 LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - USA; Occupational safety; Construction industry; Mortality; Injuries; Economics; Prevention; Falls; Accidents DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1061/(ASCE)0733-9364(2004)130:6(895) ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Exposure to ozone gases in pulp mills and the onset of rhinitis AN - 17758072; 6146134 AB - Objective Rhinitis is a common upper respiratory disease influenced by both genetic and environmental factors. It is also accepted that allergic rhinitis may precede asthma, a disease with more serious consequences. The purpose of this study was to determine whether the risk of noninfectious rhinitis is increased after accidental gassings with ozone among bleachery workers in two pulp mills. Methods Bleachery workers (N=120) from two Swedish pulp mills using ozone as their bleaching agent were compared with control workers (N=80) not exposed to ozone in two adjacent paper mills. All of the participants were mailed a respiratory questionnaire that included items about asthma, noninfectious rhinitis, self-reported gassings, and smoking. Hazard ratios (HR) were calculated with proportional hazards regression models. Results The bleachery workers who reported gassings from ozone were found to be at increased risk of noninfectious rhinitis [HR 3.4, 95% confidence interval (95% CI) 1.3-8.7] when compared with control workers. Bleachery workers without self-reported ozone gassings were not at increased risk (HR 0.9, 95% CI 0.3-2.4). Conclusion Acute exposure to high levels of ozone increases the risk of noninfectious rhinitis. This finding supports the view that peak exposures to irritants should be prevented in pulp mills. JF - Scandinavian Journal of Work, Environment & Health AU - Hoffman, C D AU - Henneberger, P K AU - Olin, A-C AU - Mehta, A AU - Toren, K AD - Division of Respiratory Disease Studies, National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, 1095 Willowdale Road, Morgantown, WV 26505, USA, pkh0@cdc.gov Y1 - 2004/12// PY - 2004 DA - Dec 2004 SP - 445 EP - 449 VL - 30 IS - 6 SN - 0355-3140, 0355-3140 KW - Health & Safety Science Abstracts KW - Asthma KW - Respiratory diseases KW - Paper industry KW - Smoking KW - Occupational exposure KW - Ozone KW - H 1000:Occupational Safety and Health UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/17758072?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Ahealthsafetyabstracts&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Scandinavian+Journal+of+Work%2C+Environment+%26+Health&rft.atitle=Exposure+to+ozone+gases+in+pulp+mills+and+the+onset+of+rhinitis&rft.au=Hoffman%2C+C+D%3BHenneberger%2C+P+K%3BOlin%2C+A-C%3BMehta%2C+A%3BToren%2C+K&rft.aulast=Hoffman&rft.aufirst=C&rft.date=2004-12-01&rft.volume=30&rft.issue=6&rft.spage=445&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Scandinavian+Journal+of+Work%2C+Environment+%26+Health&rft.issn=03553140&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Ozone; Occupational exposure; Respiratory diseases; Paper industry; Asthma; Smoking ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Disease and Illness in U.S. Mining, 1983-2001 AN - 17714684; 6134263 AB - Objectives: We describe inconsistencies in disease and illness reporting in U.S. mining, identify under-reporting of disease and illness in U.S. mining, and summarize selected disease and illness in U.S. mining from 1983 through 2001. Methods: We summarized information on mining-related disease and illness data for the years 1983-2001 from the Mining Safety and Health Administration database (MSHA). Results: Discrepancies exist in types of information collected by the Centers for Disease and Control, the National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, and the Mining Safety and Health Administration database. Several factors, including a worker's fear of losing his or her job, health insurance, or other job-related benefits contribute to under-reporting of disease and illness information in the US mining industry. Conclusions: Since 1997, both number of workers employed in mining and disease and illness rates have decreased; however, the highest disease and illness rates in mining continue to be coal worker's pneumoconiosis and hearing loss. JF - Journal of Occupational and Environmental Medicine AU - Scott, D F AU - Grayson, R L AU - Metz, E A AD - National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, Spokane Research Laboratory, Mining Injury and Disease Prevention Branch, 315 E. Montgomery Ave., Spokane, WA 99207, USA, dus3@cdc.gov Y1 - 2004/12// PY - 2004 DA - Dec 2004 SP - 1272 EP - 1277 VL - 46 IS - 12 SN - 1076-2752, 1076-2752 KW - Health & Safety Science Abstracts KW - Pneumoconiosis KW - Coal KW - Hearing loss KW - Insurance KW - Working conditions KW - USA KW - occupational diseases KW - Mining KW - H 1000:Occupational Safety and Health UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/17714684?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Ahealthsafetyabstracts&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Occupational+and+Environmental+Medicine&rft.atitle=Disease+and+Illness+in+U.S.+Mining%2C+1983-2001&rft.au=Scott%2C+D+F%3BGrayson%2C+R+L%3BMetz%2C+E+A&rft.aulast=Scott&rft.aufirst=D&rft.date=2004-12-01&rft.volume=46&rft.issue=12&rft.spage=1272&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+Occupational+and+Environmental+Medicine&rft.issn=10762752&rft_id=info:doi/10.1097%2F01.jom.0000147209.92261.5b LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2010-05-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-14 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - occupational diseases; Pneumoconiosis; Hearing loss; Coal; Mining; Insurance; Working conditions; USA DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/01.jom.0000147209.92261.5b ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Perceptions about cigarette smoking and risks among college students AN - 17488207; 6153663 AB - The objective of the present study was to describe how college students perceive the risks of cigarette smoking and addiction to nicotine. Data came from a self-administered survey of 1,020 college students enrolled in two 4-year liberal arts colleges in the United States. The survey was conducted in the fall of 2001. Smokers and nonsmokers differed markedly in their perceptions about the health risks associated with short-term exposure to smoking. College students in this sample who smoked did not fully comprehend the risks associated with smoking. Smokers were half as likely as nonsmokers to believe that there are health risks from smoking only on weekends or a couple of days a week. Anti-tobacco messages for young adult smokers need to communicate more effectively the concept that each cigarette they smoke is doing them damage. JF - Nicotine & Tobacco Research AU - Murphy-Hoefer, R AU - Alder, S AU - Higbee, C AD - Office on Smoking and Health, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Mail Stop K-50, Atlanta, GA 30341, USA, rmurphyl@cdc.gov Y1 - 2004/12// PY - 2004 DA - Dec 2004 SP - S371 EP - S374 VL - 6 SN - 1462-2203, 1462-2203 KW - Physical Education Index KW - Smoking KW - Smokers and nonsmokers KW - Behavior KW - College students KW - Perception KW - Risk factors KW - Communication KW - Tobacco KW - Surveys KW - Health KW - Addiction KW - PE 030:Exercise, Health & Physical Fitness UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/17488207?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aphysicaleducation&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Nicotine+%26+Tobacco+Research&rft.atitle=Perceptions+about+cigarette+smoking+and+risks+among+college+students&rft.au=Murphy-Hoefer%2C+R%3BAlder%2C+S%3BHigbee%2C+C&rft.aulast=Murphy-Hoefer&rft.aufirst=R&rft.date=2004-12-01&rft.volume=6&rft.issue=&rft.spage=S371&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Nicotine+%26+Tobacco+Research&rft.issn=14622203&rft_id=info:doi/10.1080%2F14622200412331320770 LA - English DB - Physical Education Index N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - SuppNotes - Supplement: Tobacco Risk Perceptions and Behavior: Implications for Tobacco Control. N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Tobacco; Smoking; College students; Perception; Smokers and nonsmokers; Health; Risk factors; Surveys; Communication; Addiction; Behavior DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/14622200412331320770 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Characteristics of Fugitive Dust Generated from Unpaved Mine Haulage Roads AN - 16192597; 6236484 AB - Fugitive dust is generated along unpaved mine roads from intermittent equipment traffic. Typically, the majority of such traffic consists of trucks hauling either mine product or waste from the surface mine pit and/or the processing plant. Fugitive dust generated along these unpaved mine roads includes particles of all sizes which become airborne. The potential hazards include the deleterious effects to human health of inhaled dust, traffic visibility hazards and environmental impacts on the localized area by the larger-sized visible airborne dust. Two field surveys were recently conducted to quantify fugitive dust generation and dispersion from truck traffic on unpaved and untreated mine haulage roads. For these surveys, airborne dust sampling was conducted at multiple sampling locations away from an unpaved haulage road at a limestone quarry/plant and at a coal mine preparation plant to measure the size characteristics, concentrations and dispersive behavior of the dust cloud generated from truck traffic. Results show that at least 80% of the airborne dust generated by haul trucks was larger than 10 mu m. Airborne respirable, thoracic, and total dust concentrations all decreased and approached background concentrations 30.5 m (100 feet) from the road. This report describes the average and instantaneous peak dust levels that were measured up to 30.5 m (100 feet) from the haulage road. JF - International Journal of Surface Mining, Reclamation and Environment AU - Organiscak, JA AU - Reed, WMR AD - Pittsburgh Research Laboratory, Department of Health and Human Services, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, P.O. Box 18070, Pittsburgh, PA 15236, USA, jdo3@cdc.gov Y1 - 2004/12// PY - 2004 DA - Dec 2004 SP - 236 EP - 252 VL - 18 IS - 4 SN - 1389-5265, 1389-5265 KW - Pollution Abstracts KW - Clouds KW - Limestone KW - Quarrying KW - Environmental impact KW - Trucks KW - Visibility KW - Mining KW - Coal KW - Particulates KW - Highways KW - Dust KW - P 0000:AIR POLLUTION UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16192597?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Apollution&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=International+Journal+of+Surface+Mining%2C+Reclamation+and+Environment&rft.atitle=Characteristics+of+Fugitive+Dust+Generated+from+Unpaved+Mine+Haulage+Roads&rft.au=Organiscak%2C+JA%3BReed%2C+WMR&rft.aulast=Organiscak&rft.aufirst=JA&rft.date=2004-12-01&rft.volume=18&rft.issue=4&rft.spage=236&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=International+Journal+of+Surface+Mining%2C+Reclamation+and+Environment&rft.issn=13895265&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2005-07-01 N1 - Last updated - 2015-03-24 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Clouds; Limestone; Quarrying; Environmental impact; Visibility; Trucks; Particulates; Coal; Mining; Highways; Dust ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Evaluation of the SKS registered DPM cassette for monitoring diesel particulate matter in coal mines AN - 16186912; 6145641 AB - In a previous study, the efficacy of commercial and prototype impactors for sampling diesel particulate matter (DPM) in coal mines was investigated. Laboratory and field samples were collected on quartz-fiber filters and analyzed for organic and elemental carbon. Coal dust contributed a minimal amount of elemental carbon when commercial cascade impactors and prototype impactors, designed by the University of Minnesota (UMN) and the US Bureau of Mines (BOM), were used to collect submicrometer dust fractions. Other impactors were not as effective at excluding coal dust. The impactors evaluated in that study were either not commercially available or were multi-stage, expensive, and difficult to use for personal measurements. A commercial version of the BOM impactor, called the DPM Cassette, was recently introduced by SKC registered . Tests were conducted to evaluate the performance of the DPM Cassette for measuring diesel-source elemental carbon in the presence of coal dust. Bituminous coals from three mines in two different coal provinces were examined. The dust particle diameters were small and the coal dust contained a high percentage of carbon, thereby giving a worst-case condition for non-anthracite coal mines. Results for the DPM Cassette were essentially identical to those obtained by the BOM impactors in a previous study. At a respirable coal dust concentration of 5.46 mg m super(-3), which is 3.8 times the regulatory limit, the DPM Cassette collected only 34 mu g m super(-3) of coal-source elemental carbon. JF - Journal of Environmental Monitoring AU - Noll, J D AU - Birch, E AD - US Department of Health and Human Services, Public Health Service, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, Pittsburgh Research Lab, 626 Cochrans Mill Road, Pittsburgh, PA 15236, USA, JIN1@cdc.gov Y1 - 2004/12// PY - 2004 DA - Dec 2004 SP - 973 EP - 978 VL - 6 IS - 12 SN - 1464-0325, 1464-0325 KW - Health & Safety Science Abstracts; Pollution Abstracts KW - Environmental monitoring KW - Carbon KW - Air sampling KW - Coal KW - Particulates KW - Mines KW - Diesel engines KW - Dust KW - Monitoring instruments KW - P 0000:AIR POLLUTION KW - H 1000:Occupational Safety and Health KW - P 6000:TOXICOLOGY AND HEALTH UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16186912?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Apollution&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Environmental+Monitoring&rft.atitle=Evaluation+of+the+SKS+registered+DPM+cassette+for+monitoring+diesel+particulate+matter+in+coal+mines&rft.au=Noll%2C+J+D%3BBirch%2C+E&rft.aulast=Noll&rft.aufirst=J&rft.date=2004-12-01&rft.volume=6&rft.issue=12&rft.spage=973&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+Environmental+Monitoring&rft.issn=14640325&rft_id=info:doi/10.1039%2Fb410057c LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2005-03-01 N1 - Last updated - 2015-03-24 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Environmental monitoring; Carbon; Air sampling; Particulates; Coal; Mines; Diesel engines; Dust; Monitoring instruments DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/b410057c ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Guillain-Barré syndrome following influenza vaccination. AN - 67105887; 15562126 AB - An unexplained increase in the risk of Guillain-Barre syndrome (GBS) occurred among recipients of the swine influenza vaccine in 1976-1977. Guillain-Barre syndrome remains the most frequent neurological condition reported after influenza vaccination to the Vaccine Adverse Events Reporting System (VAERS) since its inception in 1990. To evaluate trends of reports to VAERS of GBS following influenza vaccination in adults. VAERS is the US national spontaneous reporting system for adverse events following vaccination. Reports of GBS in persons 18 years or older following influenza vaccination were evaluated for each influenza season from July 1, 1990, through June 30, 2003. The number of people vaccinated was estimated from the National Health Interview Survey and US census data. Beginning in 1994, active follow-up was conducted to verify GBS diagnosis and obtain other clinical details. Reporting rates of GBS following influenza vaccination over time. From July 1990 through June 2003, VAERS received 501 reports of GBS following influenza vaccination in adults. The median onset interval (13 days) was longer than that of non-GBS reports of adverse events after influenza vaccine (1 day) (P<.001). The annual reporting rate decreased 4-fold from a high of 0.17 per 100,000 vaccinees in 1993-1994 to 0.04 in 2002-2003 (P<.001). A GBS diagnosis was confirmed in 82% of reports. Preceding illness within 4 weeks of vaccination was identified in 24% of reported cases. From 1990 to 2003, VAERS reporting rates of GBS after influenza vaccination decreased. The long onset interval and low prevalence of other preexisting illnesses are consistent with a possible causal association between GBS and influenza vaccine. These findings require additional research, which can lead to a fuller understanding of the causes of GBS and its possible relationship with influenza vaccine. JF - JAMA AU - Haber, Penina AU - DeStefano, Frank AU - Angulo, Fredrick J AU - Iskander, John AU - Shadomy, Sean V AU - Weintraub, Eric AU - Chen, Robert T AD - Immunization Safety Branch, Epidemiology and Surveillance Division, National Immunization Program, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Ga 30333, USA. PHaber@cdc.gov Y1 - 2004/11/24/ PY - 2004 DA - 2004 Nov 24 SP - 2478 EP - 2481 VL - 292 IS - 20 KW - Influenza Vaccines KW - 0 KW - Abridged Index Medicus KW - Index Medicus KW - Adverse Drug Reaction Reporting Systems KW - Humans KW - Health Surveys KW - Adult KW - Aged KW - Middle Aged KW - Poisson Distribution KW - United States -- epidemiology KW - Guillain-Barre Syndrome -- etiology KW - Guillain-Barre Syndrome -- epidemiology KW - Influenza Vaccines -- adverse effects UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/67105887?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=JAMA&rft.atitle=Guillain-Barr%C3%A9+syndrome+following+influenza+vaccination.&rft.au=Haber%2C+Penina%3BDeStefano%2C+Frank%3BAngulo%2C+Fredrick+J%3BIskander%2C+John%3BShadomy%2C+Sean+V%3BWeintraub%2C+Eric%3BChen%2C+Robert+T&rft.aulast=Haber&rft.aufirst=Penina&rft.date=2004-11-24&rft.volume=292&rft.issue=20&rft.spage=2478&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=JAMA&rft.issn=1538-3598&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 2004-11-29 N1 - Date created - 2004-11-24 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Guns in the Home and Risk of a Violent Death in the Home: Findings from a National Study AN - 17756843; 6076410 AB - Data from a US mortality follow-back survey were analyzed to determine whether having a firearm in the home increases the risk of a violent death in the home and whether risk varies by storage practice, type of gun, or number of guns in the home. Those persons with guns in the home were at greater risk than those without guns in the home of dying from a homicide in the home (adjusted odds ratio = 1.9, 95% confidence interval: 1.1, 3.4). They were also at greater risk of dying from a firearm homicide, but risk varied by age and whether the person was living with others at the time of death. The risk of dying from a suicide in the home was greater for males in homes with guns than for males without guns in the home (adjusted odds ratio = 10.4, 95% confidence interval: 5.8, 18.9). Persons with guns in the home were also more likely to have died from suicide committed with a firearm than from one committed by using a different method (adjusted odds ratio = 31.1, 95% confidence interval: 19.5, 49.6). Results show that regardless of storage practice, type of gun, or number of firearms in the home, having a gun in the home was associated with an increased risk of firearm homicide and firearm suicide in the home. JF - American Journal of Epidemiology AU - Dahlberg, Linda L AU - Ikeda, Robin M AU - Kresnow, Marcie-Jo AD - Division of Violence Prevention, National Center for Injury Prevention and Control, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA. Y1 - 2004/11/15/ PY - 2004 DA - 2004 Nov 15 SP - 929 EP - 936 PB - Johns Hopkins University, School of Hygiene and Public Health VL - 160 IS - 10 SN - 0002-9262, 0002-9262 KW - Risk Abstracts; Health & Safety Science Abstracts KW - Age KW - homicide KW - firearms KW - suicide KW - Mortality KW - males KW - Violence KW - Storage KW - USA KW - Epidemiology KW - Residential areas KW - H 11000:Diseases/Injuries/Trauma KW - R2 23060:Medical and environmental health UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/17756843?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Ariskabstracts&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=American+Journal+of+Epidemiology&rft.atitle=Guns+in+the+Home+and+Risk+of+a+Violent+Death+in+the+Home%3A+Findings+from+a+National+Study&rft.au=Dahlberg%2C+Linda+L%3BIkeda%2C+Robin+M%3BKresnow%2C+Marcie-Jo&rft.aulast=Dahlberg&rft.aufirst=Linda&rft.date=2004-11-15&rft.volume=160&rft.issue=10&rft.spage=929&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=American+Journal+of+Epidemiology&rft.issn=00029262&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - USA; firearms; Mortality; suicide; homicide; males; Storage; Age; Residential areas; Violence; Epidemiology ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Indoor air quality in hospitality venues before and after implementation of a clean indoor air law--Western New York, 2003. AN - 67063116; 15538318 AB - Secondhand smoke (SHS) contains more than 50 carcinogens. SHS exposure is responsible for an estimated 3,000 lung cancer deaths and more than 35,000 coronary heart disease deaths among never smokers in the United States each year, and for lower respiratory infections, asthma, sudden infant death syndrome, and chronic ear infections among children. Even short-term exposures to SHS, such as those that might be experienced by a patron in a restaurant or bar that allows smoking, can increase the risk of experiencing an acute cardiovascular event. Although population-based data indicate declining SHS exposure in the United States over time, SHS exposure remains a common but preventable public health hazard. Policies requiring smoke-free environments are the most effective method of reducing SHS exposure. Effective July 24, 2003, New York implemented a comprehensive state law requiring almost all indoor workplaces and public places (e.g., restaurants, bars, and other hospitality venues) to be smoke-free. This report describes an assessment of changes in indoor air quality that occurred in 20 hospitality venues in western New York where smoking or indirect SHS exposure from an adjoining room was observed at baseline. The findings indicate that, on average, levels of respirable suspended particles (RSPs), an accepted marker for SHS levels, decreased 84% in these venues after the law took effect. Comprehensive clean indoor air policies can rapidly and effectively reduce SHS exposure in hospitality venues. JF - MMWR. Morbidity and mortality weekly report AU - Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) AD - Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) Y1 - 2004/11/12/ PY - 2004 DA - 2004 Nov 12 SP - 1038 EP - 1041 VL - 53 IS - 44 KW - Tobacco Smoke Pollution KW - 0 KW - Index Medicus KW - United States KW - Smoking -- legislation & jurisprudence KW - New York KW - Public Health -- legislation & jurisprudence KW - Humans KW - Air Pollution, Indoor -- analysis KW - Tobacco Smoke Pollution -- legislation & jurisprudence KW - Air Pollution, Indoor -- legislation & jurisprudence KW - Tobacco Smoke Pollution -- analysis KW - Restaurants -- legislation & jurisprudence UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/67063116?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=MMWR.+Morbidity+and+mortality+weekly+report&rft.atitle=Indoor+air+quality+in+hospitality+venues+before+and+after+implementation+of+a+clean+indoor+air+law--Western+New+York%2C+2003.&rft.au=Centers+for+Disease+Control+and+Prevention+%28CDC%29&rft.aulast=Centers+for+Disease+Control+and+Prevention+%28CDC%29&rft.aufirst=&rft.date=2004-11-12&rft.volume=53&rft.issue=44&rft.spage=1038&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=MMWR.+Morbidity+and+mortality+weekly+report&rft.issn=1545-861X&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 2004-11-15 N1 - Date created - 2004-11-11 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - The role of adverse weather conditions in acute releases of hazardous substances, Texas, 2000-2001. AN - 67033288; 15518961 AB - High winds, flooding, lightning, and other phenomena associated with adverse weather can cause power failures, equipment damage, and process upsets resulting in chemical releases. Of the 5000 events in Texas that were reported to the Hazardous Substances Emergency Events Surveillance (HSEES) system during 2000-2001, adverse weather conditions contributed to 110 (2%) events. Rain was the most frequent adverse weather condition. Most events to which adverse weather conditions contributed occurred during June or September; these months correspond with the high temperature and hurricane season in Texas. Most events occurred in coastal counties with large numbers of industrial facilities. Three industries reported the majority of events: industrial and miscellaneous chemicals manufacturing; petroleum refining; and plastics, synthetics, and resin manufacturing. Power failures were associated more often with adverse weather-related events than with nonweather-related events. Releases occurred most commonly from ancillary process equipment and process vessels. Events associated with adverse weather-related conditions involved nine victims. System and process design improvements, such as improved backup power generation and redesigned secondary containment systems, could be explored to reduce the potential negative effects of severe weather. JF - Journal of hazardous materials AU - Ruckart, Perri Zeitz AU - Borders, Julie AU - Villanacci, John AU - Harris, Richard AU - Samples-Ruiz, Melissa AD - Epidemiology and Surveillance Branch, Division of Health Studies, Agency for Toxic Substances and Disease Registry, 1600 Clifton Rd., MS E-31, Atlanta, GA 30333, USA. afp4@cdc.gov Y1 - 2004/11/11/ PY - 2004 DA - 2004 Nov 11 SP - 27 EP - 31 VL - 115 IS - 1-3 SN - 0304-3894, 0304-3894 KW - Hazardous Substances KW - 0 KW - Index Medicus KW - Safety Management -- statistics & numerical data KW - Causality KW - Humans KW - Texas KW - Weather KW - Accidents, Occupational -- statistics & numerical data UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/67033288?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+hazardous+materials&rft.atitle=The+role+of+adverse+weather+conditions+in+acute+releases+of+hazardous+substances%2C+Texas%2C+2000-2001.&rft.au=Ruckart%2C+Perri+Zeitz%3BBorders%2C+Julie%3BVillanacci%2C+John%3BHarris%2C+Richard%3BSamples-Ruiz%2C+Melissa&rft.aulast=Ruckart&rft.aufirst=Perri&rft.date=2004-11-11&rft.volume=115&rft.issue=1-3&rft.spage=27&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+hazardous+materials&rft.issn=03043894&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 2005-03-10 N1 - Date created - 2004-11-02 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Outbreak of histoplasmosis among industrial plant workers--Nebraska, 2004. AN - 67045523; 15525901 AB - In February 2004, the Nebraska Health and Human Services System (NHHSS) notified CDC about an outbreak of histoplasmosis among workers at a local agricultural processing plant (plant A). Three workers at the plant had acute, febrile, respiratory illness; two had serologic evidence of histoplasmosis. NHHSS and CDC conducted an investigation to determine the source of transmission and the extent of the outbreak. This report summarizes the findings of that investigation, which confirmed occupationally acquired histoplasmosis. Additional measures might be necessary to minimize risk for histoplasmosis among persons who work in the agricultural industry in areas where it is endemic. JF - MMWR. Morbidity and mortality weekly report AU - Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) AD - Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) Y1 - 2004/11/05/ PY - 2004 DA - 2004 Nov 05 SP - 1020 EP - 1022 VL - 53 IS - 43 KW - Index Medicus KW - Humans KW - Disease Outbreaks KW - Cluster Analysis KW - Nebraska -- epidemiology KW - Occupational Diseases -- diagnosis KW - Histoplasmosis -- diagnosis KW - Agriculture KW - Histoplasmosis -- epidemiology KW - Occupational Diseases -- epidemiology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/67045523?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=MMWR.+Morbidity+and+mortality+weekly+report&rft.atitle=Outbreak+of+histoplasmosis+among+industrial+plant+workers--Nebraska%2C+2004.&rft.au=Centers+for+Disease+Control+and+Prevention+%28CDC%29&rft.aulast=Centers+for+Disease+Control+and+Prevention+%28CDC%29&rft.aufirst=&rft.date=2004-11-05&rft.volume=53&rft.issue=43&rft.spage=1020&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=MMWR.+Morbidity+and+mortality+weekly+report&rft.issn=1545-861X&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 2004-11-08 N1 - Date created - 2004-11-04 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Blood mercury levels in young children and childbearing-aged women--United States, 1999-2002. AN - 67042268; 15525900 AB - Exposure to high levels of mercury (Hg) can cause neurologic and kidney disorders. Because methylated Hg (methyl-Hg) in the aquatic environment accumulates in animal tissues up the food chain, persons in the United States can be exposed by eating freshwater fish, seafood, and shellfish. Exposure of childbearing-aged women is of particular concern because of the potential adverse neurologic effects of Hg in fetuses. To determine levels of total blood Hg in childbearing-aged women and in children aged 1-5 years in the United States, CDC's National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) began measuring blood Hg levels in these populations in 1999. This report summarizes NHANES results for 1999-2002 and updates previously published information. The findings confirmed that blood Hg levels in young children and women of childbearing age usually are below levels of concern. However, approximately 6% of childbearing-aged women had levels at or above a reference dose, an estimated level assumed to be without appreciable harm (> or =5.8 microg/L). Women who are pregnant or who intend to become pregnant should follow federal and state advisories on consumption of fish. JF - MMWR. Morbidity and mortality weekly report AU - Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) AD - Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) Y1 - 2004/11/05/ PY - 2004 DA - 2004 Nov 05 SP - 1018 EP - 1020 VL - 53 IS - 43 KW - Mercury KW - FXS1BY2PGL KW - Index Medicus KW - Infant KW - Humans KW - Adult KW - Nutrition Surveys KW - Middle Aged KW - Seafood KW - Adolescent KW - United States -- epidemiology KW - Male KW - Female KW - Pregnancy KW - Child, Preschool KW - Mercury Poisoning -- blood KW - Mercury -- blood KW - Mercury Poisoning -- epidemiology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/67042268?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=MMWR.+Morbidity+and+mortality+weekly+report&rft.atitle=Blood+mercury+levels+in+young+children+and+childbearing-aged+women--United+States%2C+1999-2002.&rft.au=Centers+for+Disease+Control+and+Prevention+%28CDC%29&rft.aulast=Centers+for+Disease+Control+and+Prevention+%28CDC%29&rft.aufirst=&rft.date=2004-11-05&rft.volume=53&rft.issue=43&rft.spage=1018&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=MMWR.+Morbidity+and+mortality+weekly+report&rft.issn=1545-861X&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 2004-11-08 N1 - Date created - 2004-11-04 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Communicating results to community residents: lessons from recent ATSDR health investigations. AN - 67065507; 15280892 AB - As a public health agency within the US Department of Health and Human Services, the Agency for Toxic Substances and Disease Registry (ATSDR) is responsible for implementing the health-related provisions of the Superfund Act. Much of its work is carried out to address health concerns in communities near sources of environmental contamination, usually in consultation with other local, state, and federal agencies. Over the last decade, ATSDR has considered, supported or conducted health investigations in a variety of different communities across the country. Communication with community residents has been an integral part of the process in all of these activities. The approach to communicating results needs to begin early by developing relationships and clarifying expectations, and it needs to remain flexible. Through examples taken from specific situations, we illustrate many of the lessons we have gained from trying to apply the principles of good community involvement to the design and conduct of health investigations and to the communication of study results. JF - Journal of exposure analysis and environmental epidemiology AU - White, Mary C AU - Berger-Frank, Sherri AU - Campagna, Dave AU - Inserra, Steven G AU - Middleton, Dannie AU - Millette, M Deborah AU - Noonan, Curtis W AU - Peipins, Lucy A AU - Williamson, Dhelia AU - Health Investigations Communications Work Group AD - Health Investigations Branch, Division of Health Studies, Agency for Toxic Substances and Diseases Registry, USA. MXW5@CDC.GOV ; Health Investigations Communications Work Group Y1 - 2004/11// PY - 2004 DA - November 2004 SP - 484 EP - 491 VL - 14 IS - 7 SN - 1053-4245, 1053-4245 KW - Hazardous Substances KW - 0 KW - Index Medicus KW - Epidemiologic Studies KW - Humans KW - Public Health Administration KW - Risk Assessment KW - Environmental Health KW - Communication KW - Hazardous Substances -- poisoning KW - Community-Institutional Relations UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/67065507?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+exposure+analysis+and+environmental+epidemiology&rft.atitle=Communicating+results+to+community+residents%3A+lessons+from+recent+ATSDR+health+investigations.&rft.au=White%2C+Mary+C%3BBerger-Frank%2C+Sherri%3BCampagna%2C+Dave%3BInserra%2C+Steven+G%3BMiddleton%2C+Dannie%3BMillette%2C+M+Deborah%3BNoonan%2C+Curtis+W%3BPeipins%2C+Lucy+A%3BWilliamson%2C+Dhelia%3BHealth+Investigations+Communications+Work+Group&rft.aulast=White&rft.aufirst=Mary&rft.date=2004-11-01&rft.volume=14&rft.issue=7&rft.spage=484&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+exposure+analysis+and+environmental+epidemiology&rft.issn=10534245&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 2005-03-02 N1 - Date created - 2004-11-11 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Tracheobronchopathia osteochondroplastica in a patient with silicosis: CT, bronchoscopy, and pathology findings. AN - 67062203; 15538154 AB - A case of tracheobronchopathia osteochondroplastica in a patient with silicosis is reported, showing a rare association of disease. Etiological hypotheses and clinical aspects are discussed. Radiologic, bronchoscopic, and pathologic findings are demonstrated with emphasis on the role of computed tomography (CT) in the diagnosis of this disease. JF - Journal of computer assisted tomography AU - Pinheiro, Germania A AU - Antao, Vinicius C S AU - Müller, Nestor L AD - Discipline of Pulmonology, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Rio de Janeiro State University, Brazil. ghp6@cdc.gov PY - 2004 SP - 801 EP - 803 VL - 28 IS - 6 SN - 0363-8715, 0363-8715 KW - Index Medicus KW - Fatal Outcome KW - Humans KW - Middle Aged KW - Biopsy KW - Male KW - Bronchial Diseases -- diagnosis KW - Ossification, Heterotopic -- diagnosis KW - Bronchoscopy KW - Ossification, Heterotopic -- pathology KW - Silicosis -- complications KW - Tracheal Diseases -- diagnosis KW - Tomography, X-Ray Computed KW - Bronchial Diseases -- pathology KW - Tracheal Diseases -- pathology KW - Bronchial Diseases -- diagnostic imaging KW - Ossification, Heterotopic -- diagnostic imaging KW - Tracheal Diseases -- diagnostic imaging UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/67062203?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+computer+assisted+tomography&rft.atitle=Tracheobronchopathia+osteochondroplastica+in+a+patient+with+silicosis%3A+CT%2C+bronchoscopy%2C+and+pathology+findings.&rft.au=Pinheiro%2C+Germania+A%3BAntao%2C+Vinicius+C+S%3BM%C3%BCller%2C+Nestor+L&rft.aulast=Pinheiro&rft.aufirst=Germania&rft.date=2004-11-01&rft.volume=28&rft.issue=6&rft.spage=801&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+computer+assisted+tomography&rft.issn=03638715&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 2004-12-10 N1 - Date created - 2004-11-11 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Measurement of selected polybrominated diphenyl ethers, polybrominated and polychlorinated biphenyls, and organochlorine pesticides in human serum and milk using comprehensive two-dimensional gas chromatography isotope dilution time-of-flight mass spectrometry. AN - 67026408; 15516123 AB - A new method using comprehensive two-dimensional gas chromatography and isotope dilution time-of-flight mass spectrometry (GCxGC-IDTOFMS) for the simultaneous measurement of selected polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs), organochlorine pesticides (OCPs), and brominated flame retardants is presented. In contrast to the reference methods based on classical GC/MS, a single injection of the extract containing all compounds of interest results in accurate identification and quantification. Using GCxGC ensures the chromatographic separation of most compounds, and TOFMS allows mass spectral deconvolution of coeluting compounds as well as the use of (13)C-labeled internal standards for quantification. Isotope ratio measurements of the most intense ions for both native and labels ensure the required specificity. The use of this new method with an automated sample preparation procedure developed at the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) for the analysis of human serum and milk compared favorably to conventional isotope-dilution one-dimensional gas chromatography-high-resolution mass spectrometry (GC-IDHRMS) for the different human serum and milk pools tested. The instrumental detection limits ranged between 0.5 pg/microL and 10 pg/microL and the method detection limits ranged between 1 and 15 pg/microL (N = 59 analytes). The reproducibility of the method was almost as good as with GC-IDHRMS, the relative standard deviations ranging between 1 and 11% for OCPs measured in human serum. OCP, PBDE, and PCB levels measured using the two methods were highly correlated, and the deviations between the two methods were below 20% for most analytes with concentrations above 1 ng/g milk lipids. JF - Analytical chemistry AU - Focant, Jean-François AU - Sjödin, Andreas AU - Turner, Wayman E AU - Patterson, Donald G AD - Organic Analytical Toxicology (OAT), Division of Laboratory Sciences (DLS), National Center for Environmental Health (NCEH), Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), Atlanta, Georgia 30341, USA. JF.Focant@ulg.ac.be Y1 - 2004/11/01/ PY - 2004 DA - 2004 Nov 01 SP - 6313 EP - 6320 VL - 76 IS - 21 SN - 0003-2700, 0003-2700 KW - Ethers KW - 0 KW - Pesticides KW - Polybrominated Biphenyls KW - Polychlorinated Biphenyls KW - DFC2HB4I0K KW - Index Medicus KW - Humans KW - Pesticides -- analysis KW - Polybrominated Biphenyls -- blood KW - Milk, Human -- chemistry KW - Polybrominated Biphenyls -- analysis KW - Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry -- methods KW - Polychlorinated Biphenyls -- blood KW - Polychlorinated Biphenyls -- analysis KW - Pesticides -- blood UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/67026408?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Analytical+chemistry&rft.atitle=Measurement+of+selected+polybrominated+diphenyl+ethers%2C+polybrominated+and+polychlorinated+biphenyls%2C+and+organochlorine+pesticides+in+human+serum+and+milk+using+comprehensive+two-dimensional+gas+chromatography+isotope+dilution+time-of-flight+mass+spectrometry.&rft.au=Focant%2C+Jean-Fran%C3%A7ois%3BSj%C3%B6din%2C+Andreas%3BTurner%2C+Wayman+E%3BPatterson%2C+Donald+G&rft.aulast=Focant&rft.aufirst=Jean-Fran%C3%A7ois&rft.date=2004-11-01&rft.volume=76&rft.issue=21&rft.spage=6313&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Analytical+chemistry&rft.issn=00032700&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 2006-06-21 N1 - Date created - 2004-11-01 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Suppression in lung defense responses after bacterial infection in rats pretreated with different welding fumes. AN - 67009071; 15504457 AB - Epidemiology suggests that inhalation of welding fumes increases the susceptibility to lung infection. The effects of chemically distinct welding fumes on lung defense responses after bacterial infection were compared. Fume was collected during gas metal arc (GMA) or flux-covered manual metal arc (MMA) welding using two consumable electrodes: stainless steel (SS) or mild steel (MS). The fumes were separated into water-soluble and -insoluble fractions. The GMA-SS and GMA-MS fumes were found to be relatively insoluble, whereas the MMA-SS was highly water soluble, with the soluble fraction comprised of 87% Cr and 11% Mn. On day 0, male Sprague-Dawley rats were intratracheally instilled with saline (vehicle control) or the different welding fumes (0.1 or 2 mg/rat). At day 3, the rats were intratracheally inoculated with 5 x 10(3) Listeria monocytogenes. On days 6, 8, and 10, left lungs were removed, homogenized, cultured overnight, and colony-forming units were counted to assess pulmonary bacterial clearance. Bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) was performed on right lungs to recover phagocytes and BAL fluid to measure the production of nitric oxide (NO) and immunomodulatory cytokines, including tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-alpha), interleukin (IL)-2, IL-6, and IL-10. In contrast to the GMA-SS, GMA-MS, and saline groups, pretreatment with the highly water soluble MMA-SS fume caused significant body weight loss, extensive lung damage, and a dramatic reduction in pulmonary clearance of L. monocytogenes after infection. NO concentrations in BAL fluid and lung immunostaining of inducible NO synthase were dramatically increased in rats pretreated with MMA-SS before and after infection. MMA-SS treatment caused a significant decrease in IL-2 and significant increases in TNF-alpha, IL-6, and IL-10 after infection. In conclusion, pretreatment with MMA-SS increased production of NO and proinflammatory cytokines (TNF-alpha and IL-6) after infection, which are likely responsible for the elevation in lung inflammation and injury. In addition, MMA-SS treatment reduced IL-2 (involved in T cell proliferation) and enhanced IL-10 (involved in inhibiting macrophage function) after bacterial infection, which might result in a possible suppression in immune response and an increase in susceptibility to infection. JF - Toxicology and applied pharmacology AU - Antonini, James M AU - Taylor, Michael D AU - Millecchia, Lyndell AU - Bebout, Alicia R AU - Roberts, Jenny R AD - Pathology and Physiology Research Branch, Health Effects Laboratory Division, National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, Morgantown, WV 26505, USA. jga6@cdc.gov Y1 - 2004/11/01/ PY - 2004 DA - 2004 Nov 01 SP - 206 EP - 218 VL - 200 IS - 3 SN - 0041-008X, 0041-008X KW - Air Pollutants, Occupational KW - 0 KW - Cytokines KW - Interleukin-6 KW - Metals KW - Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha KW - Stainless Steel KW - 12597-68-1 KW - Nitric Oxide KW - 31C4KY9ESH KW - L-Lactate Dehydrogenase KW - EC 1.1.1.27 KW - Index Medicus KW - Animals KW - Trachea -- immunology KW - Stainless Steel -- toxicity KW - Hydrogen-Ion Concentration KW - Nitric Oxide -- metabolism KW - Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha -- biosynthesis KW - Cytokines -- metabolism KW - Metals -- analysis KW - Rats KW - Rats, Sprague-Dawley KW - Luminescent Measurements KW - Trachea -- microbiology KW - Body Weight -- drug effects KW - Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha -- analysis KW - Interleukin-6 -- biosynthesis KW - Bronchoalveolar Lavage Fluid -- cytology KW - Immunohistochemistry KW - Interleukin-6 -- analysis KW - L-Lactate Dehydrogenase -- metabolism KW - Male KW - Metals -- toxicity KW - Listeriosis -- pathology KW - Air Pollutants, Occupational -- analysis KW - Lung Diseases -- pathology KW - Welding KW - Listeriosis -- immunology KW - Air Pollutants, Occupational -- toxicity KW - Lung Diseases -- immunology KW - Listeriosis -- microbiology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/67009071?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Toxicology+and+applied+pharmacology&rft.atitle=Suppression+in+lung+defense+responses+after+bacterial+infection+in+rats+pretreated+with+different+welding+fumes.&rft.au=Antonini%2C+James+M%3BTaylor%2C+Michael+D%3BMillecchia%2C+Lyndell%3BBebout%2C+Alicia+R%3BRoberts%2C+Jenny+R&rft.aulast=Antonini&rft.aufirst=James&rft.date=2004-11-01&rft.volume=200&rft.issue=3&rft.spage=206&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Toxicology+and+applied+pharmacology&rft.issn=0041008X&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 2004-12-21 N1 - Date created - 2004-10-26 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - The process of changing national malaria treatment policy: lessons from country-level studies. AN - 66935615; 15459161 AB - Widespread resistance of Plasmodium falciparum parasites to commonly used antimalarials, such as chloroquine, has resulted in many endemic countries considering changing their malaria treatment policy. Identifying and understanding the key influences that affect decision-making, and factors that facilitate or undermine policy implementation, is critical for improving the policy process and guiding resource allocation during this process. A historical review of archival documents from Malaŵi and data obtained from in-depth policy studies in four countries (Tanzania, South Africa, Kenya and Peru) that have changed malaria treatment policy provides important lessons about decision-making, the policy cycle and complex policy environment, while specifically identifying strategies successfully employed to facilitate policy-making and implementation. Findings from these country-level studies indicate that the process of malaria drug policy review should be institutionalized in endemic countries and based on systematically collected data. Key stakeholders need to be identified early and engaged in the process, while improved communication is needed on all levels. Although malaria drug policy change is often perceived to be a daunting task, using these and other proven strategies should assist endemic countries to tackle this challenge in a systematic fashion that ensures the development and implementation of the rational malaria drug policy. JF - Health policy and planning AU - Williams, Holly Ann AU - Durrheim, David AU - Shretta, Rima AD - CDC, Mail Stop F-22, 4770 Buford Highway NE, Atlanta, GA 30341, USA. HBW2@cdc.gov Y1 - 2004/11// PY - 2004 DA - November 2004 SP - 356 EP - 370 VL - 19 IS - 6 SN - 0268-1080, 0268-1080 KW - Antimalarials KW - 0 KW - Health administration KW - Humans KW - Treatment Outcome KW - Africa KW - Peru KW - Decision Making KW - Health Care Costs KW - Malaria, Falciparum -- economics KW - Antimalarials -- economics KW - Antimalarials -- adverse effects KW - Practice Patterns, Physicians' -- legislation & jurisprudence KW - Malaria, Falciparum -- drug therapy KW - Health Policy KW - Antimalarials -- therapeutic use UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/66935615?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Health+policy+and+planning&rft.atitle=The+process+of+changing+national+malaria+treatment+policy%3A+lessons+from+country-level+studies.&rft.au=Williams%2C+Holly+Ann%3BDurrheim%2C+David%3BShretta%2C+Rima&rft.aulast=Williams&rft.aufirst=Holly&rft.date=2004-11-01&rft.volume=19&rft.issue=6&rft.spage=356&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Health+policy+and+planning&rft.issn=02681080&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 2004-12-30 N1 - Date created - 2004-10-01 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - The effects of the reported active metabolite of methoxychlor, 2,2-bis(p-hydroxyphenyl)-1,1,1-trichloroethane, on testosterone formation by cultured Leydig cells from young adult rats. AN - 66830307; 15336722 AB - Methoxychlor (MC) is an insecticide that is currently used on a variety of agricultural crops, especially following the ban of 2,2-bis(p-chlorophenyl)-1,1,1-trichloroethane (DDT) use in the United States. Following in vivo administration, MC is converted to 2,2-bis(p-hydroxyphenyl)-1,1,1-trichloroethane (HPTE), which is proposed to be the active agent. Both MC and HPTE have been demonstrated to exhibit weak estrogenic and antiandrogenic activities, and they are thought to exert their effects through estrogen or androgen receptors, respectively. A recent study reported that HPTE inhibited both basal and hCG-stimulated testosterone formation by immature and adult cultured rat Leydig cells and that this effect was mediated through the estrogen receptor. In the current studies, we examined the effects of HPTE on basal and hCG-stimulated testosterone formation by cultured Leydig cells from young adult rats. In addition, we evaluated whether the effects of HPTE on rat Leydig cell testosterone biosynthesis were mediated through the estrogen receptor as an estrogen agonist or the androgen receptor as an antiandrogen. The current studies demonstrated that HPTE inhibited both basal and hCG-stimulated testosterone formation in a dose-dependent manner with significant declines in testosterone being observed at approximately 100 nM. The effects of HPTE were localized to the cholesterol side-chain cleavage step; however, these effects were not mediated through the classic estrogen receptor or by its acting as an antiandrogen, the currently recognized modes of action of MC and HPTE. JF - Reproductive toxicology (Elmsford, N.Y.) AU - Murono, Eisuke P AU - Derk, Raymond C AD - Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, Health Effects Laboratory Division, Pathology and Physiology Research Branch, M/S L-2015, 1095 Willowdale Road, Morgantown, WV 26505, USA. eem8@cdc.gov Y1 - 2004/11// PY - 2004 DA - November 2004 SP - 135 EP - 146 VL - 19 IS - 1 SN - 0890-6238, 0890-6238 KW - Chorionic Gonadotropin KW - 0 KW - Drug Combinations KW - Estrogen Antagonists KW - Insecticides KW - Oxazoles KW - Phenols KW - 8-Bromo Cyclic Adenosine Monophosphate KW - 23583-48-4 KW - hydroxyflutamide KW - 31D90UKP5Y KW - Testosterone KW - 3XMK78S47O KW - Flutamide KW - 76W6J0943E KW - Cholesterol Side-Chain Cleavage Enzyme KW - EC 1.14.15.6 KW - 2,2-bis(4-hydroxyphenyl)-1,1,1-trichloroethane KW - H58165YO91 KW - vinclozolin KW - JJ258EZN1I KW - Methoxychlor KW - RIA79UD69L KW - Index Medicus KW - Rats KW - Animals KW - Rats, Sprague-Dawley KW - Estrogen Antagonists -- pharmacology KW - Oxazoles -- pharmacology KW - Chorionic Gonadotropin -- pharmacology KW - Dose-Response Relationship, Drug KW - Cells, Cultured KW - Cholesterol Side-Chain Cleavage Enzyme -- metabolism KW - 8-Bromo Cyclic Adenosine Monophosphate -- pharmacology KW - Male KW - Insecticides -- metabolism KW - Methoxychlor -- metabolism KW - Methoxychlor -- analogs & derivatives KW - Flutamide -- analogs & derivatives KW - Leydig Cells -- enzymology KW - Testosterone -- metabolism KW - Flutamide -- pharmacology KW - Phenols -- toxicity KW - Leydig Cells -- drug effects UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/66830307?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Reproductive+toxicology+%28Elmsford%2C+N.Y.%29&rft.atitle=The+effects+of+the+reported+active+metabolite+of+methoxychlor%2C+2%2C2-bis%28p-hydroxyphenyl%29-1%2C1%2C1-trichloroethane%2C+on+testosterone+formation+by+cultured+Leydig+cells+from+young+adult+rats.&rft.au=Murono%2C+Eisuke+P%3BDerk%2C+Raymond+C&rft.aulast=Murono&rft.aufirst=Eisuke&rft.date=2004-11-01&rft.volume=19&rft.issue=1&rft.spage=135&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Reproductive+toxicology+%28Elmsford%2C+N.Y.%29&rft.issn=08906238&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 2005-04-28 N1 - Date created - 2004-08-31 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - High-Intensity Targeted Screening for Elevated Blood Lead Levels Among Children in 2 Inner-City Chicago Communities AN - 19931755; 6076422 AB - OBJECTIVES: We assessed the prevalence of elevated blood lead levels (=> 10 micrograms of lead per deciliter of blood), risk factors, and previous blood lead testing among children in 2 high-risk Chicago, Ill, communities. METHODS: Through high-intensity targeted screening, blood lead levels were tested and risks were assessed among a representative sample of children aged 1 to 5 years who were at risk for lead exposure. RESULTS: Of the 539 children who were tested, 27% had elevated blood lead levels, and 61% had never been tested previously. Elevated blood lead levels were associated with chipped exterior house paint. CONCLUSIONS: Most of the children who lived in these communities- where the prevalence for elevated blood lead levels among children was 12 times higher than the national prevalence-were not tested for lead poisoning. Our findings highlight the need for targeted community outreach that includes testing blood lead levels in accordance with the American Academy of Pediatrics' recommendations. JF - American Journal of Public Health AU - Dignam, Timothy A AU - Evens, Anne AU - Eduardo, Eduard AU - Ramirez, Shokufeh M AU - Caldwell, Kathleen L AU - Kilpatrick, Nikki AU - Noonan, Gary P AU - Flanders, WDana AU - Meyer, Pamela A AU - Mcgeehin, Michael A AD - Lead Poisoning Prevention Branch, Division of Emergency and Environmental Health Services, National Center for Environmental Health, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), Chamblee, Ga Y1 - 2004/11// PY - 2004 DA - Nov 2004 SP - 1945 EP - 1951 PB - American Public Health Association, 1015 15th St., N.W. Washington DC 20005 USA VL - 94 IS - 11 SN - 0090-0036, 0090-0036 KW - Sustainability Science Abstracts; Risk Abstracts; Health & Safety Science Abstracts; Human Population KW - USA, Illinois, Chicago KW - Heavy metals KW - Poisoning KW - Children KW - Lead KW - Public health KW - Blood levels KW - Chronic exposure KW - Risk factors KW - Urban areas KW - Paints KW - M3 1010:Issues in Sustainable Development KW - M1 125:Population Health-Environment Relations KW - H 14000:Toxicology KW - R2 23060:Medical and environmental health UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/19931755?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Ariskabstracts&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=American+Journal+of+Public+Health&rft.atitle=High-Intensity+Targeted+Screening+for+Elevated+Blood+Lead+Levels+Among+Children+in+2+Inner-City+Chicago+Communities&rft.au=Dignam%2C+Timothy+A%3BEvens%2C+Anne%3BEduardo%2C+Eduard%3BRamirez%2C+Shokufeh+M%3BCaldwell%2C+Kathleen+L%3BKilpatrick%2C+Nikki%3BNoonan%2C+Gary+P%3BFlanders%2C+WDana%3BMeyer%2C+Pamela+A%3BMcgeehin%2C+Michael+A&rft.aulast=Dignam&rft.aufirst=Timothy&rft.date=2004-11-01&rft.volume=94&rft.issue=11&rft.spage=1945&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=American+Journal+of+Public+Health&rft.issn=00900036&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2004-12-01 N1 - Last updated - 2015-03-24 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Chronic exposure; Risk factors; Children; Lead; Blood levels; Heavy metals; Poisoning; Public health; Paints; Urban areas; USA, Illinois, Chicago ER - TY - JOUR T1 - The Association between Weight Perception and BMI among High School Students AN - 19407180; 6173606 AB - OBJECTIVE: To assess the association between weight perception and BMI among a large, diverse sample of adolescents. This study used both measured and self- reported height and weight to calculate BMI. RESEARCH METHODS AND PROCEDURES: A convenience sample of students (n = 2032) in grades 9 through 12 completed a questionnaire assessing demographic characteristics, self-reported height and weight, and body weight perception. These students were then weighed and had their height measured using a standard protocol. RESULTS: Using BMI calculated from measured height and weight, 1.5% of students were classified as underweight or at risk for underweight, 51.2% of students were normal weight, and 47.4% were overweight or at risk for overweight. Among this same sample of students, however, 34.8% perceived themselves as underweight, 42.9% perceived themselves as about the right weight, and 22.3% perceived themselves as overweight. Even when using BMI calculated from self-reported height and weight, >20% of students who were overweight or at risk for overweight perceived themselves as underweight. DISCUSSION: Because perception of overweight is a key determinant of adolescent nutritional habits and weight management, many students who are overweight or at risk for overweight but who do not perceive themselves as such are unlikely to engage in weight control practices. Increasing awareness of medical definitions of overweight might improve accuracy of weight perceptions and lead to healthier eating and increased physical activity. JF - Obesity Research AU - Brener, Nancy D AU - Eaton, Danice K AU - Lowry, Richard AU - Mcmanus, Tim AD - Division of Adolescent and School Health, National Center for Chronic Disease Prevention and Health Promotion, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia. Y1 - 2004/11// PY - 2004 DA - Nov 2004 SP - 1866 EP - 1874 PB - North American Association for the Study of Obesity, 1090 Amsterdam Ave., Ste. 14K New York NY 10025 USA, [mailto:helener@mindspring.com], [URL:http://www.naaso.org] VL - 12 IS - 11 SN - 1071-7323, 1071-7323 KW - Physical Education Index KW - High school students KW - Measurement KW - Obesity KW - Weight control KW - Eating disorders KW - Adolescence KW - Diet (weight control) KW - Surveys KW - Accuracy KW - Height KW - Exercise KW - Demographics KW - Perception KW - PE 030:Exercise, Health & Physical Fitness UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/19407180?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aphysicaleducation&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Obesity+Research&rft.atitle=The+Association+between+Weight+Perception+and+BMI+among+High+School+Students&rft.au=Brener%2C+Nancy+D%3BEaton%2C+Danice+K%3BLowry%2C+Richard%3BMcmanus%2C+Tim&rft.aulast=Brener&rft.aufirst=Nancy&rft.date=2004-11-01&rft.volume=12&rft.issue=11&rft.spage=1866&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Obesity+Research&rft.issn=10717323&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - Physical Education Index N1 - Date revised - 2007-06-01 N1 - Last updated - 2015-04-01 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - High school students; Obesity; Measurement; Weight control; Eating disorders; Adolescence; Diet (weight control); Height; Accuracy; Surveys; Exercise; Demographics; Perception ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Susceptibility of Treponema pallidum to host-derived antimicrobial peptides AN - 19245303; 5828547 AB - LL-37 displays potent broad-spectrum activity against a number of pathogenic bacteria and is the only cathelicidin thus far identified in humans. In this study, we examined the capacity of human LL-37 and the similar CAP-18-derived peptide from rabbits to exert antimicrobial activity against the causative agent of syphilis, Treponema pallidum. We found that both peptides, as well as a truncated version of human LL-37 that contains its bactericidal domain, could exert rapid, but salt-sensitive antimicrobial activity against T. pallidum. Infectivity of T. pallidum in a rabbit model could effectively be blocked with the synthetic truncated LL-37-derived peptide WS22-N-amide. JF - Peptides AU - Cox, D L AU - Sun, Y AU - Liu, H AU - Lehrer, R I AU - Shafer, WM AD - Sexually Transmitted Infections Branch, Division of AIDS, STD and TB Laboratory Research, Center for HIV and STD Prevention, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA 30333, USA, dlc6@cdc.gov Y1 - 2004/11// PY - 2004 DA - Nov 2004 SP - 1741 EP - 1746 PB - Elsevier Science Inc., Box 882 New York NY 10159 USA, [mailto:usinfo-f@elsevier.com] VL - 24 IS - 11 SN - 0196-9781, 0196-9781 KW - CAP-18-derived peptide KW - LL-37 protein KW - rabbits KW - Microbiology Abstracts B: Bacteriology KW - Antimicrobial activity KW - Treponema pallidum KW - Syphilis KW - Susceptibility KW - J 02812:Antibacterial Agents: Others UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/19245303?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologyb&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Peptides&rft.atitle=Susceptibility+of+Treponema+pallidum+to+host-derived+antimicrobial+peptides&rft.au=Cox%2C+D+L%3BSun%2C+Y%3BLiu%2C+H%3BLehrer%2C+R+I%3BShafer%2C+WM&rft.aulast=Cox&rft.aufirst=D&rft.date=2004-11-01&rft.volume=24&rft.issue=11&rft.spage=1741&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Peptides&rft.issn=01969781&rft_id=info:doi/10.1016%2Fj.peptides.2003.07.026 LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Treponema pallidum; Susceptibility; Antimicrobial activity; Syphilis DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.peptides.2003.07.026 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Mycobacterium cosmeticum sp. nov., a novel rapidly growing species isolated from a cosmetic infection and from a nail salon AN - 17775000; 6108814 AB - Four isolates of a rapidly growing Mycobacterium species had a mycolic acid pattern similar to that of Mycobacterium smegmatis, as determined by HPLC analyses. Three of the isolates were from footbath drains and a sink at a nail salon located in Atlanta, GA, USA; the fourth was obtained from a granulomatous subdermal lesion of a female patient in Venezuela who was undergoing mesotherapy. By random amplified polymorphic DNA electrophoresis and PFGE of large restriction fragments, the three isolates from the nail salon were shown to be the same strain but different from the strain from the patient in Venezuela. Polymorphisms in regions of the rpoB, hsp65 and 16S rRNA genes that were shown to be useful for species identification matched for the two strains but were different from those of other Mycobacterium species. The 16S rRNA gene sequence placed the strains in a taxonomic group along with Mycobacterium frederiksbergense, Mycobacterium hodleri, Mycobacterium diernhoferi and Mycobacterium neoaurum. The strains produced a pale-yellow pigment when grown in the dark at the optimal temperature of 35 degree C. Biochemical testing showed that the strains were positive for iron uptake, nitrate reduction and utilization of D-mannitol, D-xylose, iso-myo-inositol, L-arabinose, citrate and D-trehalose. The strains were negative for D-sorbitol utilization and production of niacin and 3-day arylsulfatase, although arylsulfatase activity was observed after 14 days. The isolates grew on MacConkey agar without crystal violet but not on media containing 5% (w/v) NaCl or at 45 degree C. They were susceptible to ciprofloxacin, amikacin, tobramycin, cefoxitin, clarithromycin, doxycycline, sulfamethoxazole and imipenem. The name Mycobacterium cosmeticum sp. nov. is proposed for this novel species; two strains, LTA-388 super(T) (=ATCC BAA-878 super(T)=CIP 108170 super(T)) (the type strain) and 2003-11-06 (=ATCC BAA-879=CIP 108169) have been designated, respectively, for the strains of the patient in Venezuela and from the nail salon in Atlanta, GA, USA. JF - International Journal of Systematic and Evolutionary Microbiology AU - Cooksey, R C AU - de Waard, JH AU - Yakrus, MA AU - Rivera, I AU - Chopite, M AU - Toney AU - Morlock, G P AU - Butler, W R AD - Division of AIDS, STD, and TB Laboratory Research, National Center for HIV, STD, and TB Prevention, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA 30333, USA, rcooksey@cdc.gov Y1 - 2004/11// PY - 2004 DA - Nov 2004 SP - 2385 EP - 2391 VL - 54 IS - 6 SN - 1466-5026, 1466-5026 KW - Microbiology Abstracts B: Bacteriology KW - Temperature effects KW - Agar KW - Electrophoresis KW - Mycobacterium diernhoferi KW - Gene polymorphism KW - Arylsulfatase KW - Cosmetics KW - USA, Georgia KW - Mycobacterium neoaurum KW - Hsp65 protein KW - Mycobacterium cosmeticum KW - Mycobacterium smegmatis KW - Nitrate reduction KW - Nails KW - rRNA 16S KW - New species KW - J 02710:Identification, taxonomy and typing UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/17775000?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologyb&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=International+Journal+of+Systematic+and+Evolutionary+Microbiology&rft.atitle=Mycobacterium+cosmeticum+sp.+nov.%2C+a+novel+rapidly+growing+species+isolated+from+a+cosmetic+infection+and+from+a+nail+salon&rft.au=Cooksey%2C+R+C%3Bde+Waard%2C+JH%3BYakrus%2C+MA%3BRivera%2C+I%3BChopite%2C+M%3BToney%3BMorlock%2C+G+P%3BButler%2C+W+R&rft.aulast=Cooksey&rft.aufirst=R&rft.date=2004-11-01&rft.volume=54&rft.issue=6&rft.spage=2385&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=International+Journal+of+Systematic+and+Evolutionary+Microbiology&rft.issn=14665026&rft_id=info:doi/10.1099%2Fijs.0.63238-0 LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Mycobacterium diernhoferi; Mycobacterium smegmatis; Mycobacterium neoaurum; Mycobacterium cosmeticum; USA, Georgia; Nails; Arylsulfatase; rRNA 16S; Cosmetics; Electrophoresis; Nitrate reduction; Agar; Gene polymorphism; Temperature effects; Hsp65 protein; New species DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1099/ijs.0.63238-0 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - State Trends in Uninsurance Among Individuals Aged 18 to 64 Years: United States, 1992-2001 AN - 17754693; 6076165 AB - OBJECTIVES: We analyzed state-specific uninsurance trends among US adults aged 18 to 64 years. METHODS: We used logistic regression models to examine Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System data for uninsurance from 1992 to 2001 in 47 states. RESULTS: Overall, uninsurance rates increased in 35 states and remained unchanged in 12 states. Increases were observed among people aged 30 to 49 years (in 34 states) and 50 to 64 years (in 24 states), and increases were also observed among individuals at middle and low income levels (in 39 states and 19 states, respectively), individuals employed for wages (in 33 states), and the self-employed (in 18 states). CONCLUSIONS: Among adults aged 18-64, rates of uninsurance increased in most states from 1992 through 2001. Decreased availability of employer-sponsored health insurance, rising health care costs, and state fiscal crises are likely to worsen the growing uninsurance problem. JF - American Journal of Public Health AU - Nelson, David E AU - Bolen, Julie AU - Wells, Henry E AU - Smith, Suzanne M AU - Bland, Shayne AD - Office on Smoking and Health, National Center for Chronic Disease Prevention and Health Promotion, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA, USA Y1 - 2004/11// PY - 2004 DA - Nov 2004 SP - 1992 EP - 1997 PB - American Public Health Association, 1015 15th St., N.W. Washington DC 20005 USA VL - 94 IS - 11 SN - 0090-0036, 0090-0036 KW - uninsurance KW - Risk Abstracts KW - USA KW - Health care KW - Socioeconomics KW - Insurance KW - R2 23070:Economics, organization UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/17754693?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Ariskabstracts&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=American+Journal+of+Public+Health&rft.atitle=State+Trends+in+Uninsurance+Among+Individuals+Aged+18+to+64+Years%3A+United+States%2C+1992-2001&rft.au=Nelson%2C+David+E%3BBolen%2C+Julie%3BWells%2C+Henry+E%3BSmith%2C+Suzanne+M%3BBland%2C+Shayne&rft.aulast=Nelson&rft.aufirst=David&rft.date=2004-11-01&rft.volume=94&rft.issue=11&rft.spage=1992&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=American+Journal+of+Public+Health&rft.issn=00900036&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - USA; Socioeconomics; Health care; Insurance ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Laboratory exposure to Burkholderia pseudomallei--Los Angeles, California, 2003. AN - 67025257; 15514581 AB - On July 26, 2003, the Los Angeles County Department of Health Services (LACDHS) received a report that a local clinical laboratory had isolated from specimens Burkholderia pseudomallei, a category B biologic terrorism agent and the causative organism for melioidosis, which is endemic to certain tropical areas. Because laboratory workers had manipulated cultures of the organism, CDC was asked to assist in the subsequent investigation. This report summarizes the results of that investigation, which included assessment of laboratory exposures, postexposure chemoprophylaxis, and serologic testing of exposed laboratory workers. The findings underscore the need to reinforce proper laboratory practices and the potential benefits of chemoprophylaxis after laboratory exposures. JF - MMWR. Morbidity and mortality weekly report AU - Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) AD - Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) Y1 - 2004/10/29/ PY - 2004 DA - 2004 Oct 29 SP - 988 EP - 990 VL - 53 IS - 42 KW - Index Medicus KW - Humans KW - Adult KW - Specimen Handling KW - Middle Aged KW - Contact Tracing KW - Los Angeles KW - Laboratories, Hospital KW - Melioidosis -- drug therapy KW - Burkholderia pseudomallei -- isolation & purification KW - Occupational Diseases -- prevention & control KW - Melioidosis -- diagnosis KW - Melioidosis -- prevention & control KW - Melioidosis -- transmission UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/67025257?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=MMWR.+Morbidity+and+mortality+weekly+report&rft.atitle=Laboratory+exposure+to+Burkholderia+pseudomallei--Los+Angeles%2C+California%2C+2003.&rft.au=Centers+for+Disease+Control+and+Prevention+%28CDC%29&rft.aulast=Centers+for+Disease+Control+and+Prevention+%28CDC%29&rft.aufirst=&rft.date=2004-10-29&rft.volume=53&rft.issue=42&rft.spage=988&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=MMWR.+Morbidity+and+mortality+weekly+report&rft.issn=1545-861X&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 2004-11-01 N1 - Date created - 2004-10-29 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Surveillance for waterborne-disease outbreaks associated with recreational water--United States, 2001-2002. AN - 66995567; 15499306 AB - Since 1971, CDC, the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, and the Council of State and Territorial Epidemiologists have maintained a collaborative surveillance system for collecting and periodically reporting data related to occurrences and causes of waterborne-disease outbreaks (WBDOs) related to drinking water; tabulation of recreational water-associated outbreaks was added to the surveillance system in 1978. This surveillance system is the primary source of data concerning the scope and effects of waterborne disease outbreaks on persons in the United States. This summary includes data on WBDOs associated with recreational water that occurred during January 2001-December 2002 and on a previously unreported outbreak that occurred during 1998. Public health departments in the states, territories, localities, and the Freely Associated States are primarily responsible for detecting and investigating WBDOs and voluntarily reporting them to CDC on a standard form. The surveillance system includes data for outbreaks associated with both drinking water and recreational water; only outbreaks associated with recreational water are reported in this summary. During 2001-2002, a total of 65 WBDOs associated with recreational water were reported by 23 states. These 65 outbreaks caused illness among an estimated 2,536 persons; 61 persons were hospitalized, eight of whom died. This is the largest number of recreational water-associated outbreaks to occur since reporting began in 1978; the number of recreational water-associated outbreaks has increased significantly during this period (p<0.01). Of these 65 outbreaks, 30 (46.2%) involved gastroenteritis. The etiologic agent was identified in 23 (76.7%) of these 30 outbreaks; 18 (60.0%) of the 30 were associated with swimming or wading pools. Eight (12.3%) of the 65 recreational water-associated disease outbreaks were attributed to single cases of primary amebic meningoencephalitis caused by Naegleria fowleri; all eight cases were fatal and were associated with swimming in a lake (n = seven; 87.5%) or river (n = one; 12.5%). Of the 65 outbreaks, 21 (32.3%) involved dermatitis; 20 (95.2%) of these 21 outbreaks were associated with spas or pools. In addition, one outbreak of Pontiac fever associated with a spa was reported to CDC. Four (6.1%) of the 65 outbreaks involved acute respiratory illness associated with chemical exposure at pools. The 30 outbreaks involving gastroenteritis comprised the largest proportion of recreational water-associated outbreaks during this reporting period. These outbreaks were associated most frequently with Cryptosporidium (50.0%) in treated water venues and with toxigenic Escherichia coli (25.0%) and norovirus (25.0%) in freshwater venues. The increase in the number of outbreaks since 1993 could reflect improved surveillance and reporting at the local and state level, a true increase in the number of WBDOs, or a combination of these factors. CDC uses surveillance data to identify the etiologic agents, types of aquatics venues, water-treatment systems, and deficiencies associated with outbreaks and to evaluate the adequacy of efforts (e.g., regulations and public awareness activities) for providing safe recreational water. Surveillance data are also used to establish public health prevention priorities, which might lead to improved water-quality regulations at the local, state, and federal levels. JF - Morbidity and mortality weekly report. Surveillance summaries (Washington, D.C. : 2002) AU - Yoder, Jonathan S AU - Blackburn, Brian G AU - Craun, Gunther F AU - Hill, Vincent AU - Levy, Deborah A AU - Chen, Nora AU - Lee, Sherline H AU - Calderon, Rebecca L AU - Beach, Michael J AD - Public Health Prevention Service, Epidemiology Program Office, CDC, USA. Y1 - 2004/10/22/ PY - 2004 DA - 2004 Oct 22 SP - 1 EP - 22 VL - 53 IS - 8 KW - Index Medicus KW - Meningoencephalitis -- epidemiology KW - Swimming Pools KW - Dermatitis -- epidemiology KW - Fresh Water KW - Humans KW - Respiratory Tract Diseases -- epidemiology KW - United States -- epidemiology KW - Gastroenteritis -- epidemiology KW - Population Surveillance KW - Water Pollution KW - Swimming KW - Disease Outbreaks -- prevention & control KW - Disease Outbreaks -- statistics & numerical data KW - Water Microbiology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/66995567?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Morbidity+and+mortality+weekly+report.+Surveillance+summaries+%28Washington%2C+D.C.+%3A+2002%29&rft.atitle=Surveillance+for+waterborne-disease+outbreaks+associated+with+recreational+water--United+States%2C+2001-2002.&rft.au=Yoder%2C+Jonathan+S%3BBlackburn%2C+Brian+G%3BCraun%2C+Gunther+F%3BHill%2C+Vincent%3BLevy%2C+Deborah+A%3BChen%2C+Nora%3BLee%2C+Sherline+H%3BCalderon%2C+Rebecca+L%3BBeach%2C+Michael+J&rft.aulast=Yoder&rft.aufirst=Jonathan&rft.date=2004-10-22&rft.volume=53&rft.issue=8&rft.spage=1&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Morbidity+and+mortality+weekly+report.+Surveillance+summaries+%28Washington%2C+D.C.+%3A+2002%29&rft.issn=1545-8636&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 2004-10-25 N1 - Date created - 2004-10-22 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Surveillance for waterborne-disease outbreaks associated with drinking water--United States, 2001-2002. AN - 66993626; 15499307 AB - Since 1971, CDC, the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, and the Council of State and Territorial Epidemiologists have maintained a collaborative surveillance system for collecting and periodically reporting data related to occurrences and causes of waterborne-disease outbreaks (WBDOs). This surveillance system is the primary source of data concerning the scope and effects of waterborne disease outbreaks on persons in the United States. This summary includes data on WBDOs associated with drinking water that occurred during January 2001-December 2002 and on three previously unreported outbreaks that occurred during 2000. Public health departments in the states, territories, localities, and the Freely Associated States are primarily responsible for detecting and investigating WBDOs and voluntarily reporting them to CDC on a standard form. The surveillance system includes data for outbreaks associated with both drinking water and recreational water; only outbreaks associated with drinking water are reported in this summary. During 2001-2002, a total of 31 WBDOs associated with drinking water were reported by 19 states. These 31 outbreaks caused illness among an estimated 1,020 persons and were linked to seven deaths. The microbe or chemical that caused the outbreak was identified for 24 (77.4%) of the 31 outbreaks. Of the 24 identified outbreaks, 19 (79.2%) were associated with pathogens, and five (20.8%) were associated with acute chemical poisonings. Five outbreaks were caused by norovirus, five by parasites, and three by non-Legionella bacteria. All seven outbreaks involving acute gastrointestinal illness of unknown etiology were suspected of having an infectious cause. For the first time, this MMWR Surveillance Summary includes drinking water-associated outbreaks of Legionnaires disease (LD); six outbreaks of LD occurred during 2001-2002. Of the 25 non-Legionella associated outbreaks, 23 (92.0%) were reported in systems that used groundwater sources; nine (39.1%) of these 23 groundwater outbreaks were associated with private noncommunity wells that were not regulated by EPA. The number of drinking water-associated outbreaks decreased from 39 during 1999-2000 to 31 during 2001-2002. Two (8.0%) outbreaks associated with surface water occurred during 2001-2002; neither was associated with consumption of untreated water. The number of outbreaks associated with groundwater sources decreased from 28 during 1999-2000 to 23 during 2001-2002; however, the proportion of such outbreaks increased from 73.7% to 92.0%. The number of outbreaks associated with untreated groundwater decreased from 17 (44.7%) during 1999-2000 to 10 (40.0%) during 2001-2002. Outbreaks associated with private, unregulated wells remained relatively stable, although more outbreaks involving private, treated wells were reported during 2001-2002. Because the only groundwater systems that are required to disinfect their water supplies are public systems under the influence of surface water, these findings support EPA's development of a groundwater rule that specifies when corrective action (including disinfection) is required. CDC and EPA use surveillance data 1) to identify the types of water systems, their deficiencies, and the etiologic agents associated with outbreaks and 2) to evaluate the adequacy of technologies for providing safe drinking water. Surveillance data are used also to establish research priorities, which can lead to improved water-quality regulations. CDC and EPA recently completed epidemiologic studies that assess the level of waterborne illness attributable to municipal drinking water in nonoutbreak conditions. The decrease in outbreaks in surface water systems is attributable primarily to implementation of provisions of EPA rules enacted since the late 1980s. Rules under development by EPA are expected to protect the public further from microbial contaminants while addressing risk tradeoffs of disinfection byproducts in drinking water. JF - Morbidity and mortality weekly report. Surveillance summaries (Washington, D.C. : 2002) AU - Blackburn, Brian G AU - Craun, Gunther F AU - Yoder, Jonathan S AU - Hill, Vincent AU - Calderon, Rebecca L AU - Chen, Nora AU - Lee, Sherline H AU - Levy, Deborah A AU - Beach, Michael J AD - Division of Parasitic Diseases, National Center for Infectious Diseases, CDC, USA. bblackburn@cdc.gov Y1 - 2004/10/22/ PY - 2004 DA - 2004 Oct 22 SP - 23 EP - 45 VL - 53 IS - 8 KW - Water Pollutants KW - 0 KW - Index Medicus KW - Occupational Exposure KW - Legionellosis -- epidemiology KW - Humans KW - United States -- epidemiology KW - Legionella KW - Gastroenteritis -- epidemiology KW - Population Surveillance KW - Disease Outbreaks -- prevention & control KW - Water Supply KW - Disease Outbreaks -- statistics & numerical data KW - Water Microbiology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/66993626?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Morbidity+and+mortality+weekly+report.+Surveillance+summaries+%28Washington%2C+D.C.+%3A+2002%29&rft.atitle=Surveillance+for+waterborne-disease+outbreaks+associated+with+drinking+water--United+States%2C+2001-2002.&rft.au=Blackburn%2C+Brian+G%3BCraun%2C+Gunther+F%3BYoder%2C+Jonathan+S%3BHill%2C+Vincent%3BCalderon%2C+Rebecca+L%3BChen%2C+Nora%3BLee%2C+Sherline+H%3BLevy%2C+Deborah+A%3BBeach%2C+Michael+J&rft.aulast=Blackburn&rft.aufirst=Brian&rft.date=2004-10-22&rft.volume=53&rft.issue=8&rft.spage=23&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Morbidity+and+mortality+weekly+report.+Surveillance+summaries+%28Washington%2C+D.C.+%3A+2002%29&rft.issn=1545-8636&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 2004-10-25 N1 - Date created - 2004-10-22 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Time to menopause in relation to PBBs, PCBs, and smoking. AN - 66956130; 15474753 AB - Because halogenated biphenyl exposure is suspected to disrupt endocrine function, we assessed time to menopause in women aged 24 years and older who were exposed orally to polybrominated biphenyls (PBBs) and polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) (n = 874). We also examined smoking in relation to menopause. To define menopausal status, women were interviewed in 1997 and asked whether they had had any menstrual periods in the previous year, why their menstrual periods had stopped (e.g. surgery), and age at their last menstrual period. Serum PBB and PCB taken at enrollment (1976-1978) into the Michigan PBB registry was used as the measure of halogenated biphenyl exposure. Women whose menopause occurred before their PBB exposure were excluded. Proportional hazard modeling was used to analyze the "risk" for menopause in relation to exposure. Premenopausal women contributed person-time until their interview date, at which time they were censored. We did not find an association between either PBB or PCB exposure and time to menopause. Women who were current smokers had a shorter time to menopause than never smokers (menopause ratio 2.02, 95% C.I. 1.21-3.37). Time to menopause was shortest among women who reported started smoking when they were <18 years of age, smoked at least 20 cigarettes per day, or had at least 10 pack-years of smoking. JF - Maturitas AU - Blanck, Heidi Michels AU - Marcus, Michele AU - Tolbert, Paige E AU - Schuch, Cheryl AU - Rubin, Carol AU - Henderson, Alden K AU - Zhang, Rebecca H AU - Hertzberg, Vicki S AD - Division of Nutrition and Physical Activity, National Center for Chronic Disease Prevention and Health Promotion, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Chronic Disease Nutrition Branch, 4770 Buford Hwy NE, MS K-26 Atlanta, GA 30341, USA. Y1 - 2004/10/15/ PY - 2004 DA - 2004 Oct 15 SP - 97 EP - 106 VL - 49 IS - 2 SN - 0378-5122, 0378-5122 KW - Environmental Pollutants KW - 0 KW - Polybrominated Biphenyls KW - Polychlorinated Biphenyls KW - DFC2HB4I0K KW - Index Medicus KW - Risk Factors KW - Humans KW - Cohort Studies KW - Adult KW - Food Contamination KW - Interviews as Topic KW - Aged KW - Middle Aged KW - Female KW - Proportional Hazards Models KW - Multivariate Analysis KW - Smoking -- physiopathology KW - Menopause -- physiology KW - Polybrominated Biphenyls -- blood KW - Menopause -- drug effects KW - Polychlorinated Biphenyls -- blood KW - Polybrominated Biphenyls -- adverse effects KW - Environmental Exposure KW - Environmental Pollutants -- blood KW - Polychlorinated Biphenyls -- adverse effects UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/66956130?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Maturitas&rft.atitle=Time+to+menopause+in+relation+to+PBBs%2C+PCBs%2C+and+smoking.&rft.au=Blanck%2C+Heidi+Michels%3BMarcus%2C+Michele%3BTolbert%2C+Paige+E%3BSchuch%2C+Cheryl%3BRubin%2C+Carol%3BHenderson%2C+Alden+K%3BZhang%2C+Rebecca+H%3BHertzberg%2C+Vicki+S&rft.aulast=Blanck&rft.aufirst=Heidi&rft.date=2004-10-15&rft.volume=49&rft.issue=2&rft.spage=97&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Maturitas&rft.issn=03785122&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 2005-03-22 N1 - Date created - 2004-10-11 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Evaluation of handles in a maximum gripping task. AN - 66880722; 15370852 AB - Various hook handles were tested to evaluate the effect of handle design characteristics on subjective discomfort ratings and phalange forces in a maximum gripping task. A force glove system with 12 thin force sensitive resistor (FSR) sensors was used to measure phalange forces on the hook handles. Thirty subjects (15 males and 15 females) were tested, and generally subjects preferred 30 or 37 mm (the latter for large handed males) double frustrum handles followed by 30 mm oval handles, whereas overall they showed less preference for 37 mm oval handles and 45 mm double frustrum handles. The phalange force was more related to handle shape than to handle size in this study, i.e. the individual phalange forces on oval handles were about 8% higher than those on double frustum handles. The force distributions in the maximum gripping task showed significant differences in finger and phalange forces, in the order of middle, index, ring, and little fingers and distal, middle, and proximal phalanges from the highest to the lowest forces. The findings of this study may provide guidelines for designing double frustum handles for satisfying user's preference and oval handles for obtaining high phalange forces in a maximum gripping task. JF - Ergonomics AU - Kong, Yong-ku AU - Freivalds, Andris AU - Kim, Sung Eun AD - Pennsylvania State University, University Park, USA. ykong@cdc.gov Y1 - 2004/10/10/ PY - 2004 DA - 2004 Oct 10 SP - 1350 EP - 1364 VL - 47 IS - 12 SN - 0014-0139, 0014-0139 KW - Index Medicus KW - Space life sciences KW - Musculoskeletal Diseases -- etiology KW - Musculoskeletal Diseases -- prevention & control KW - Sex Factors KW - Humans KW - Adult KW - Middle Aged KW - Adolescent KW - Male KW - Female KW - Human Engineering KW - Equipment Design KW - Occupational Diseases -- prevention & control KW - Occupational Diseases -- etiology KW - Hand Strength UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/66880722?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Ergonomics&rft.atitle=Evaluation+of+handles+in+a+maximum+gripping+task.&rft.au=Kong%2C+Yong-ku%3BFreivalds%2C+Andris%3BKim%2C+Sung+Eun&rft.aulast=Kong&rft.aufirst=Yong-ku&rft.date=2004-10-10&rft.volume=47&rft.issue=12&rft.spage=1350&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Ergonomics&rft.issn=00140139&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 2004-11-29 N1 - Date created - 2004-09-16 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Carbon monoxide releases and poisonings attributed to underground utility cable fires--New York, January 2000-June 2004. AN - 66954238; 15470325 AB - Carbon monoxide (CO) is a potentially deadly gas that is odorless, colorless, tasteless, and nonirritating. Each year, CO poisoning causes approximately 500 unintentional deaths in the United States. CO is generated during the incomplete combustion of carbon-based fuels such as oil, natural gas, kerosene, coal, charcoal, gasoline, and wood. Common sources of CO poisonings include furnaces, generators, and nonelectric space heaters. Another potential cause of CO poisonings is the unintentional burning of underground utility cables. The oxygen-poor environment below ground promotes incomplete combustion and the production of CO. The New York State Department of Health (NYSDOH) documented 234 events during January 2000-June 2004 in which CO releases resulted from underground utility cable fires (also known as CO burnout events). This report describes these events, summarizes data on reported CO burnouts, and discusses associated injuries. The findings underscore the need for preventive actions, such as installation of CO detectors in central locations in homes and businesses. In homes, CO detectors should be installed outside of each separate sleeping area. JF - MMWR. Morbidity and mortality weekly report AU - Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) AD - Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) Y1 - 2004/10/08/ PY - 2004 DA - 2004 Oct 08 SP - 920 EP - 922 VL - 53 IS - 39 KW - Carbon Monoxide KW - 7U1EE4V452 KW - Index Medicus KW - New York KW - Humans KW - Fires KW - Carbon Monoxide Poisoning -- etiology KW - Environmental Exposure KW - Electricity KW - Carbon Monoxide Poisoning -- epidemiology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/66954238?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=MMWR.+Morbidity+and+mortality+weekly+report&rft.atitle=Carbon+monoxide+releases+and+poisonings+attributed+to+underground+utility+cable+fires--New+York%2C+January+2000-June+2004.&rft.au=Centers+for+Disease+Control+and+Prevention+%28CDC%29&rft.aulast=Centers+for+Disease+Control+and+Prevention+%28CDC%29&rft.aufirst=&rft.date=2004-10-08&rft.volume=53&rft.issue=39&rft.spage=920&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=MMWR.+Morbidity+and+mortality+weekly+report&rft.issn=1545-861X&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 2004-10-08 N1 - Date created - 2004-10-07 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Lyme borreliosis in Europe and North America AN - 872127777; 14608589 AB - Since the discovery of the Lyme disease spirochete in North America in 1982 and in Europe in 1983, a plethora of studies on this unique group of spirochetes that comprise Borrelia burgdorferi sensu lato has been accumulated. In an attempt to compare and contrast Lyme borreliosis in Europe and North America we have reviewed the biology of the aetiologic agents, as well as the clinical aspects, diagnosis and treatment of this disease on both continents. Moreover, we have detailed the ecology of the Ixodes ticks that transmit this infection and the reservoir hosts that maintain the spirochete cycle in nature. Finally, we have examined the transmission dynamics of the spirochete on both continents, as well as the available prevention strategies. Although it has been over two decades since the discovery of the Lyme disease spirochete, Lyme borreliosis is an expanding public health problem that has defied our attempts to control it. By comparing the accumulated experience of investigators in North America and Europe, where the disease is most frequently reported, we hope to advance the cause of developing novel approaches to combat Lyme borreliosis. JF - Parasitology AU - Piesman, J AU - Gern, L AD - Institut de Zoologie, University of NeuchActel, Emile-Argand 11, 2007 NeuchActel 7, Switzerland, JPiesman@cdc.gov Y1 - 2004/10// PY - 2004 DA - Oct 2004 SP - S191 EP - S220 PB - Cambridge University Press, The Edinburgh Building, Cambridge CB2 2RU UK VL - 129 IS - S1 SN - 0031-1820, 0031-1820 KW - Entomology Abstracts; Microbiology Abstracts B: Bacteriology KW - Borreliosis KW - Spirochetes KW - Borrelia burgdorferi KW - Z 05350:Medical, Veterinary, and Agricultural Entomology KW - J 02400:Human Diseases UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/872127777?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologyb&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Parasitology&rft.atitle=Lyme+borreliosis+in+Europe+and+North+America&rft.au=Piesman%2C+J%3BGern%2C+L&rft.aulast=Piesman&rft.aufirst=J&rft.date=2004-10-01&rft.volume=129&rft.issue=S1&rft.spage=S191&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Parasitology&rft.issn=00311820&rft_id=info:doi/10.1017%2FS0031182003004694 LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2011-06-01 N1 - Number of references - 1 N1 - Last updated - 2014-03-24 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Spirochetes; Borrelia burgdorferi DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/S0031182003004694 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Risk of cancer as a result of community exposure to gasoline vapors. AN - 67302554; 16425659 AB - The Tranguch Gasoline Spill leaked 50,000-900,000 gallons of gasoline from underground storage tanks, potentially exposing an area of Hazle Township and Hazleton, Pennsylvania, to chronic low levels of benzene since at least 1990. A retrospective cohort study of 663 individuals representing 275 households assessed whether affected residents were at increased risk for cancer from 1990-2000 compared with the Pennsylvania populace. Age-adjusted standard incidence ratios (SIRs) were calculated using Pennsylvania rates to determine expected numbers. The age-adjusted SIR for the gasoline-affected area was 4.40 (95% confidence interval: 1.09-10.24) for leukemia. These results suggest an association between living within the area affected by the Tranguch Gasoline Spill and increased risk for leukemia. JF - Archives of environmental health AU - Patel, Ami S AU - Talbott, Evelyn O AU - Zborowski, Jeanne V AU - Rycheck, Juley A AU - Dell, Danielle AU - Xu, Xiaohui AU - Schwerha, Joseph AD - Department of Epidemiology, University of Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA. app8@cdc.gov Y1 - 2004/10// PY - 2004 DA - October 2004 SP - 497 EP - 503 VL - 59 IS - 10 SN - 0003-9896, 0003-9896 KW - Carcinogens, Environmental KW - 0 KW - Gasoline KW - Benzene KW - J64922108F KW - Abridged Index Medicus KW - Index Medicus KW - Humans KW - Cohort Studies KW - Adult KW - Retrospective Studies KW - Incidence KW - Aged KW - Middle Aged KW - Pennsylvania -- epidemiology KW - Adolescent KW - Male KW - Female KW - Leukemia -- chemically induced KW - Gasoline -- toxicity KW - Leukemia -- epidemiology KW - Benzene -- toxicity KW - Carcinogens, Environmental -- toxicity KW - Environmental Exposure -- adverse effects UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/67302554?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Archives+of+environmental+health&rft.atitle=Risk+of+cancer+as+a+result+of+community+exposure+to+gasoline+vapors.&rft.au=Patel%2C+Ami+S%3BTalbott%2C+Evelyn+O%3BZborowski%2C+Jeanne+V%3BRycheck%2C+Juley+A%3BDell%2C+Danielle%3BXu%2C+Xiaohui%3BSchwerha%2C+Joseph&rft.aulast=Patel&rft.aufirst=Ami&rft.date=2004-10-01&rft.volume=59&rft.issue=10&rft.spage=497&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Archives+of+environmental+health&rft.issn=00039896&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 2006-02-07 N1 - Date created - 2006-01-23 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-14 N1 - SuppNotes - Erratum In: Arch Environ Occup Health. 2005 Jan-Feb;60(1):53; discussion 53 [16961009] N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-19 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Interpretation of genital findings in microbicide safety trials: review of the 'Photo Atlas for Microbicide Evaluation'. AN - 67298770; 16419265 AB - The Photo Atlas for Microbicide Evaluation was published in May 2002 for distribution among researchers to be used as a training or reference document during microbicide clinical trials. We have reviewed the contents of the Photo Atlas, including the interpretation and documentation of genital findings. The rationale for the categorization of genital lesions into different lesion types is also discussed. Efforts will continue to standardize colposcopy until more accurate and objective methods become available to assess the safety of candidate microbicides. JF - Journal of acquired immune deficiency syndromes (1999) AU - Bollen, Liesbeth J M AU - Kilmarx, Peter H AU - Tappero, Jordan W AD - Thailand MOPH U.S. CDC Collaboration, Bangkok, Thailand. Lbollen@tuc.or.th Y1 - 2004/10// PY - 2004 DA - October 2004 SP - S156 EP - S159 VL - 37 Suppl 3 SN - 1525-4135, 1525-4135 KW - Anti-Infective Agents KW - 0 KW - Index Medicus KW - AIDS/HIV KW - Atlases as Topic KW - HIV Infections -- transmission KW - Humans KW - Safety KW - HIV Infections -- prevention & control KW - Clinical Trials as Topic KW - Photography KW - Male KW - Female KW - Colposcopy KW - Genitalia -- drug effects KW - Anti-Infective Agents -- adverse effects KW - Genitalia -- pathology KW - Anti-Infective Agents -- administration & dosage UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/67298770?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+acquired+immune+deficiency+syndromes+%281999%29&rft.atitle=Interpretation+of+genital+findings+in+microbicide+safety+trials%3A+review+of+the+%27Photo+Atlas+for+Microbicide+Evaluation%27.&rft.au=Bollen%2C+Liesbeth+J+M%3BKilmarx%2C+Peter+H%3BTappero%2C+Jordan+W&rft.aulast=Bollen&rft.aufirst=Liesbeth+J&rft.date=2004-10-01&rft.volume=37+Suppl+3&rft.issue=&rft.spage=S156&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+acquired+immune+deficiency+syndromes+%281999%29&rft.issn=15254135&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 2006-02-15 N1 - Date created - 2006-01-18 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Industries in the United States with airborne beryllium exposure and estimates of the number of current workers potentially exposed. AN - 67220733; 15631056 AB - Estimates of the number of workers in the United States occupationally exposed to beryllium were published in the 1970s and 1980s and ranged from 21,200 to 800,000. We obtained information from several sources to identify specific industries with beryllium exposure and to estimate the number of current workers potentially exposed to beryllium. We spoke with representatives from the primary beryllium industry and government agencies about the number of exposed workers in their facilities. To identify industries in the private sector but outside the primary industry, we used data from the Integrated Management Information System (IMIS), which is managed by the Occupational Safety and Health Administration, and the Health Hazard Evaluation program of the National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health. We used IMIS data from OSHA inspections with a previously developed algorithm to estimate the number of potentially exposed workers in nonprimary industries. Workers potentially exposed to beryllium included 1500 current employees in the primary beryllium industry and 26,500 individuals currently working for the Department of Energy or the Department of Defense. We identified 108 four-digit Standard Industrial Classification (SIC) categories in which at least one measurement of airborne beryllium was > or = 0.1 microg/m3. Based on the subset of 94 SIC categories with beryllium > or = 0.1 microg/m3, we estimated 26,400 to 106,000 workers may be exposed in the private sector (outside the primary industry). In total, there are as many as 134,000 current workers in government and private industry potentially exposed to beryllium in the United States. We recommend that the results of this study be used to target at-risk audiences for hazard communications intended to prevent beryllium sensitization and chronic beryllium disease. JF - Journal of occupational and environmental hygiene AU - Henneberger, Paul K AU - Goe, Sandra K AU - Miller, William E AU - Doney, Brent AU - Groce, Dennis W AD - Division of Respiratory Disease Studies, National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Morgantown, West Virginia 26505, USA. pkh0@cdc.gov Y1 - 2004/10// PY - 2004 DA - October 2004 SP - 648 EP - 659 VL - 1 IS - 10 SN - 1545-9624, 1545-9624 KW - Beryllium KW - OW5102UV6N KW - Index Medicus KW - United States KW - Private Sector KW - Air Pollution, Indoor -- analysis KW - Humans KW - Federal Government KW - Immunization KW - Risk Assessment KW - Occupational Exposure KW - Berylliosis -- etiology KW - Berylliosis -- epidemiology KW - Industry -- statistics & numerical data KW - Beryllium -- adverse effects KW - Beryllium -- analysis KW - Models, Theoretical UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/67220733?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+occupational+and+environmental+hygiene&rft.atitle=Industries+in+the+United+States+with+airborne+beryllium+exposure+and+estimates+of+the+number+of+current+workers+potentially+exposed.&rft.au=Henneberger%2C+Paul+K%3BGoe%2C+Sandra+K%3BMiller%2C+William+E%3BDoney%2C+Brent%3BGroce%2C+Dennis+W&rft.aulast=Henneberger&rft.aufirst=Paul&rft.date=2004-10-01&rft.volume=1&rft.issue=10&rft.spage=648&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+occupational+and+environmental+hygiene&rft.issn=15459624&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 2005-01-24 N1 - Date created - 2005-01-05 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - SuppNotes - Comment In: J Occup Environ Hyg. 2005 Jun;2(6):D48-50 [16020086] J Occup Environ Hyg. 2006 Apr;3(4):D42-3 [16507518] N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Hexavalent chromium and lung cancer in the chromate industry: a quantitative risk assessment. AN - 67100955; 15563281 AB - The purpose of this investigation was to estimate excess lifetime risk of lung cancer death resulting from occupational exposure to hexavalent-chromium-containing dusts and mists. The mortality experience in a previously studied cohort of 2,357 chromate chemical production workers with 122 lung cancer deaths was analyzed with Poisson regression methods. Extensive records of air samples evaluated for water-soluble total hexavalent chromium were available for the entire employment history of this cohort. Six different models of exposure-response for hexavalent chromium were evaluated by comparing deviances and inspection of cubic splines. Smoking (pack-years) imputed from cigarette use at hire was included in the model. Lifetime risks of lung cancer death from exposure to hexavalent chromium (assuming up to 45 years of exposure) were estimated using an actuarial calculation that accounts for competing causes of death. A linear relative rate model gave a good and readily interpretable fit to the data. The estimated rate ratio for 1 mg/m3-yr of cumulative exposure to hexavalent chromium (as CrO3), with a lag of five years, was RR=2.44 (95% CI=1.54-3.83). The excess lifetime risk of lung cancer death from exposure to hexavalent chromium at the current OSHA permissible exposure limit (PEL) (0.10 mg/m3) was estimated to be 255 per 1,000 (95% CI: 109-416). This estimate is comparable to previous estimates by U.S. EPA, California EPA, and OSHA using different occupational data. Our analysis predicts that current occupational standards for hexavalent chromium permit a lifetime excess risk of dying of lung cancer that exceeds 1 in 10, which is consistent with previous risk assessments. JF - Risk analysis : an official publication of the Society for Risk Analysis AU - Park, Robert M AU - Bena, James F AU - Stayner, Leslie T AU - Smith, Randall J AU - Gibb, Herman J AU - Lees, Peter S J AD - US Department of Health and Human Services, Public Health Service, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, 4676 Columbia Parkway, MS C-15, Cincinnati, OH 45226-1998, USA. rhp9@cdc.gov Y1 - 2004/10// PY - 2004 DA - October 2004 SP - 1099 EP - 1108 VL - 24 IS - 5 SN - 0272-4332, 0272-4332 KW - Chromium KW - 0R0008Q3JB KW - Index Medicus KW - Occupational Exposure KW - Biometry KW - Humans KW - Cohort Studies KW - Adult KW - Aged KW - Middle Aged KW - United States -- epidemiology KW - Risk Assessment KW - Occupational Diseases -- etiology KW - Lung Neoplasms -- mortality KW - Lung Neoplasms -- chemically induced KW - Chromium -- toxicity UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/67100955?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Risk+analysis+%3A+an+official+publication+of+the+Society+for+Risk+Analysis&rft.atitle=Hexavalent+chromium+and+lung+cancer+in+the+chromate+industry%3A+a+quantitative+risk+assessment.&rft.au=Park%2C+Robert+M%3BBena%2C+James+F%3BStayner%2C+Leslie+T%3BSmith%2C+Randall+J%3BGibb%2C+Herman+J%3BLees%2C+Peter+S+J&rft.aulast=Park&rft.aufirst=Robert&rft.date=2004-10-01&rft.volume=24&rft.issue=5&rft.spage=1099&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Risk+analysis+%3A+an+official+publication+of+the+Society+for+Risk+Analysis&rft.issn=02724332&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 2005-01-14 N1 - Date created - 2004-11-25 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Youth Risk Behavior Surveillance--United States, 2003 (Abridged). AN - 67079575; 15554117 JF - The Journal of school health AU - Grunbaum, Jo Anne AU - Kann, Laura AU - Kinchen, Steve AU - Ross, James AU - Hawkins, Joseph AU - Lowry, Richard AU - Harris, William A AU - McManus, Tim AU - Chyen, David AU - Collins, Janet AD - Division of Adolescent and School Health, National Center for Chronic Disease Prevention and Health Promotion, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA 30341, USA. Y1 - 2004/10// PY - 2004 DA - October 2004 SP - 307 EP - 324 VL - 74 IS - 8 SN - 0022-4391, 0022-4391 KW - Index Medicus KW - Nursing KW - United States KW - Wounds and Injuries -- epidemiology KW - Violence -- statistics & numerical data KW - Humans KW - Child KW - Smoking -- epidemiology KW - Seat Belts -- utilization KW - Depression -- epidemiology KW - Adult KW - Wounds and Injuries -- prevention & control KW - Adolescent KW - Schools -- statistics & numerical data KW - Automobile Driving -- statistics & numerical data KW - Male KW - Obesity -- prevention & control KW - Rape -- statistics & numerical data KW - Head Protective Devices -- utilization KW - Feeding Behavior KW - Alcohol Drinking -- epidemiology KW - Obesity -- epidemiology KW - Age Distribution KW - Life Style KW - Suicide, Attempted -- statistics & numerical data KW - Sports -- statistics & numerical data KW - Female KW - Prevalence KW - Sexual Behavior -- statistics & numerical data KW - Substance-Related Disorders -- epidemiology KW - Adolescent Behavior KW - Risk-Taking KW - Child Behavior KW - Population Surveillance UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/67079575?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Journal+of+school+health&rft.atitle=Youth+Risk+Behavior+Surveillance--United+States%2C+2003+%28Abridged%29.&rft.au=Grunbaum%2C+Jo+Anne%3BKann%2C+Laura%3BKinchen%2C+Steve%3BRoss%2C+James%3BHawkins%2C+Joseph%3BLowry%2C+Richard%3BHarris%2C+William+A%3BMcManus%2C+Tim%3BChyen%2C+David%3BCollins%2C+Janet&rft.aulast=Grunbaum&rft.aufirst=Jo&rft.date=2004-10-01&rft.volume=74&rft.issue=8&rft.spage=307&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=The+Journal+of+school+health&rft.issn=00224391&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 2005-02-10 N1 - Date created - 2004-11-19 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Improving data quality in community-based seafood consumption studies by use of two measurement tools. AN - 67016411; 15510694 AB - A seafood consumption study w as conducted in Glynn County, Georgia, to address concern about bioaccumulation of mercury from a nearby hazardous waste site in people who ate potentially contaminated seafood from this area. Seafood consumption levels were ascertained with two data collection tools: a questionnaire and a dietary diary. The use of two instruments allowed for more detailed analysis to reveal discrepancies in responses between the two instruments, to improve reliability of study results, and to reduce recall bias. Implementation of the questionnaire was relatively easy and provided a broad characterization of consumption patterns in the area. The dietary diary was more time-consuming, resulting in a reduction in participation rates. It provided, however, more detailed information with which to address community concerns about adverse health effects from mercury exposure. Overall, individuals who participated in this study were able to make broad generalizations about the amount of seafood in their diet but were less accurate in estimating specific seafood consumption levels. In addition, the level of concordance between the questionnaire and the dietary diary was low with respect to seafood consumption levels. For investigators examining consumption patterns in a community, the decision to use a questionnaire, a dietary diary, or both will be influenced by the objectives of the study, the level of community concern, the number of study staff, and available resources. JF - Journal of environmental health AU - Williamson, Dhelia M AU - Choury, Evelyn AU - Hilsdon, Roberta AU - Taylor, Brooks AD - Division of Health Studies, Agency for Toxic Substances and Disease Registry, Atlanta, GA 30333, USA. djw8@cdc.gov Y1 - 2004/10// PY - 2004 DA - October 2004 SP - 9 EP - 13 VL - 67 IS - 3 SN - 0022-0892, 0022-0892 KW - Hazardous Waste KW - 0 KW - Mercury KW - FXS1BY2PGL KW - Index Medicus KW - Reproducibility of Results KW - Humans KW - Safety KW - Mercury -- analysis KW - Aged KW - Child KW - Adult KW - Middle Aged KW - Diet KW - Adolescent KW - Female KW - Male KW - Data Collection -- standards KW - Surveys and Questionnaires KW - Food Contamination KW - Environmental Exposure KW - Seafood UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/67016411?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+environmental+health&rft.atitle=Improving+data+quality+in+community-based+seafood+consumption+studies+by+use+of+two+measurement+tools.&rft.au=Williamson%2C+Dhelia+M%3BChoury%2C+Evelyn%3BHilsdon%2C+Roberta%3BTaylor%2C+Brooks&rft.aulast=Williamson&rft.aufirst=Dhelia&rft.date=2004-10-01&rft.volume=67&rft.issue=3&rft.spage=9&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+environmental+health&rft.issn=00220892&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 2005-01-04 N1 - Date created - 2004-10-29 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - A multistate outbreak of Salmonella enterica serotype typhimurium infection linked to raw milk consumption--Ohio, 2003. AN - 67015155; 15508625 AB - In December 2002, the Ohio Department of Health was notified of two children with Salmonella infection. Both had a history of drinking raw milk from a combination dairy-restaurant-petting zoo (dairy). The dairy was the only establishment in Ohio licensed to sell raw milk and reported 1.35 million visitors annually. We investigated to determine the extent of the outbreak and identify illness risk factors. A case patient was any person with pulsed-field gel electrophoresis-matched Salmonella enterica serotype Typhimurium from 30 November 2002 to 18 February 2003. Sixty-two met the confirmed case definition. Forty dairy case patient patrons were included in a case-control study; 56 controls were their well meal companions. Consumption of raw milk was found to be associated with illness (odds ratio, 45.1; 95% confidence interval, 8.8 to 311.9). The dairy discontinued selling raw milk. Because 27 other states still allow the sale of raw milk, awareness of the hazards of its consumption should be raised and relevant regulations carefully reviewed. JF - Journal of food protection AU - Mazurek, Jacek AU - Salehi, Ellen AU - Propes, Dennis AU - Holt, Jo AU - Bannerman, Tammy AU - Nicholson, Lisa M AU - Bundesen, Mark AU - Duffy, Rosemary AU - Moolenaar, Ronald L AD - Ohio Department of Health, 246 North High Street, Columbus, Ohio 43215, USA. ACQ8@cdc.gov Y1 - 2004/10// PY - 2004 DA - October 2004 SP - 2165 EP - 2170 VL - 67 IS - 10 SN - 0362-028X, 0362-028X KW - Index Medicus KW - Animals KW - Consumer Product Safety KW - Humans KW - Ohio -- epidemiology KW - Aged KW - Child KW - Child, Preschool KW - Infant KW - Illinois -- epidemiology KW - Cattle KW - Food Microbiology KW - Tennessee -- epidemiology KW - Adult KW - Case-Control Studies KW - Middle Aged KW - Adolescent KW - Male KW - Female KW - Salmonella typhimurium -- pathogenicity KW - Food Handling -- methods KW - Milk -- microbiology KW - Salmonella Food Poisoning -- epidemiology KW - Disease Outbreaks UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/67015155?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+food+protection&rft.atitle=A+multistate+outbreak+of+Salmonella+enterica+serotype+typhimurium+infection+linked+to+raw+milk+consumption--Ohio%2C+2003.&rft.au=Mazurek%2C+Jacek%3BSalehi%2C+Ellen%3BPropes%2C+Dennis%3BHolt%2C+Jo%3BBannerman%2C+Tammy%3BNicholson%2C+Lisa+M%3BBundesen%2C+Mark%3BDuffy%2C+Rosemary%3BMoolenaar%2C+Ronald+L&rft.aulast=Mazurek&rft.aufirst=Jacek&rft.date=2004-10-01&rft.volume=67&rft.issue=10&rft.spage=2165&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+food+protection&rft.issn=0362028X&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 2004-11-16 N1 - Date created - 2004-10-28 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Egg quality assurance programs and egg-associated Salmonella enteritidis infections, United States. AN - 67010447; 15504264 AB - A Salmonella enterica serovar Enteritidis epidemic in the United States began in 1978, spread to much of the country in the following decade, and began declining in 1996. We examined correlations between annual changes in S. Enteritidis incidence in humans and introductions of egg quality assurance programs (EQAPs) in some states to reduce S. Enteritidis contamination of eggs. Before EQAPs, 62% of the changes in S. Enteritidis incidence were higher than the baseline for each state. After EQAPs, 73%-84% of the changes were below the baseline. Regression analysis showed that a 1% increase in the number of eggs produced under an EQAP was associated with a 0.14% decrease in S. Enteritidis incidence (p < 0.05). These data indicate that EQAPs probably played a major role in reducing S. Enteritidis illness in these states. JF - Emerging infectious diseases AU - Mumma, Gerald A AU - Griffin, Patricia M AU - Meltzer, Martin I AU - Braden, Chris R AU - Tauxe, Robert V AD - Prevention Effectiveness Branch, Division of Prevention Research and Analytic Methods, Epidemiology Program Office, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia 30333, USA. gjm2@cdc.gov Y1 - 2004/10// PY - 2004 DA - October 2004 SP - 1782 EP - 1789 VL - 10 IS - 10 SN - 1080-6040, 1080-6040 KW - Index Medicus KW - United States KW - Animals KW - Chickens KW - Disease Outbreaks -- prevention & control KW - Retrospective Studies KW - Incidence KW - Quality Control KW - Legislation, Food KW - Food Industry -- standards KW - Salmonella Food Poisoning -- prevention & control KW - Eggs -- microbiology KW - Food Industry -- legislation & jurisprudence KW - Salmonella Infections -- prevention & control KW - Salmonella enteritidis UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/67010447?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Emerging+infectious+diseases&rft.atitle=Egg+quality+assurance+programs+and+egg-associated+Salmonella+enteritidis+infections%2C+United+States.&rft.au=Mumma%2C+Gerald+A%3BGriffin%2C+Patricia+M%3BMeltzer%2C+Martin+I%3BBraden%2C+Chris+R%3BTauxe%2C+Robert+V&rft.aulast=Mumma&rft.aufirst=Gerald&rft.date=2004-10-01&rft.volume=10&rft.issue=10&rft.spage=1782&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Emerging+infectious+diseases&rft.issn=10806040&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 2004-12-13 N1 - Date created - 2004-10-26 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - SuppNotes - Cited By: JAMA. 1988 Apr 8;259(14):2103-7 [3279240] Int J Food Microbiol. 1994 Jan;21(1-2):155-69 [8155473] Emerg Infect Dis. 1999 Sep-Oct;5(5):607-25 [10511517] Am J Vet Res. 1998 Jul;59(7):824-9 [9659545] J Infect Dis. 1999 Oct;180(4):1214-9 [10479150] Rev Sci Tech. 1997 Aug;16(2):542-53 [9501367] N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Alcohol interventions in emergency medicine: referral makes a difference. AN - 66953071; 15474116 JF - Lancet (London, England) AU - Hungerford, Daniel W AU - Pollock, Daniel A AD - Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, National Center for Injury Prevention and Control, Atlanta, GA 30341, USA. DHungerford@cdc.gov PY - 2004 SP - 1289 EP - 1290 VL - 364 IS - 9442 KW - Abridged Index Medicus KW - Index Medicus KW - Humans KW - Referral and Consultation KW - Emergency Service, Hospital KW - Appointments and Schedules KW - Alcoholism -- rehabilitation KW - Patient Compliance KW - Alcoholism -- diagnosis KW - Alcohol Drinking -- prevention & control KW - Counseling UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/66953071?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Lancet+%28London%2C+England%29&rft.atitle=Alcohol+interventions+in+emergency+medicine%3A+referral+makes+a+difference.&rft.au=Hungerford%2C+Daniel+W%3BPollock%2C+Daniel+A&rft.aulast=Hungerford&rft.aufirst=Daniel&rft.date=2004-10-01&rft.volume=364&rft.issue=9442&rft.spage=1289&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Lancet+%28London%2C+England%29&rft.issn=1474-547X&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 2004-11-02 N1 - Date created - 2004-10-11 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - SuppNotes - Comment On: Lancet. 2004 Oct 9-15;364(9442):1334-9 [15474136] N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - International Collaborative Effort on Injury Statistics: 10 year review. AN - 66950303; 15470004 AB - International comparisons of injury data may be useful for examining differences in risk and for suggesting potential interventions or hypotheses for future studies. However important issues to be considered in conducting comparisons are related to both the underlying quality of the data and how the data are collected. The International Collaborative Effort (ICE) on Injury Statistics grew out of concerns over the comparability of international injury data. This article outlines the history behind the development of the Injury ICE, brief descriptions of current and past projects, collaborations, and reflections on the value of collaboration. JF - Injury prevention : journal of the International Society for Child and Adolescent Injury Prevention AU - Fingerhut, L A AD - International Collaborative Effort on Injury Statistics, National Center for Health Statistics, Hyattsville, MD 20782, USA. lfingerhut@cdc.gov Y1 - 2004/10// PY - 2004 DA - October 2004 SP - 264 EP - 267 VL - 10 IS - 5 SN - 1353-8047, 1353-8047 KW - Index Medicus KW - Accidents, Home -- statistics & numerical data KW - Humans KW - Accidents, Occupational -- statistics & numerical data KW - Poisoning -- epidemiology KW - Trauma Severity Indices KW - Wounds and Injuries -- epidemiology KW - International Cooperation KW - Accidents -- statistics & numerical data UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/66950303?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Injury+prevention+%3A+journal+of+the+International+Society+for+Child+and+Adolescent+Injury+Prevention&rft.atitle=International+Collaborative+Effort+on+Injury+Statistics%3A+10+year+review.&rft.au=Fingerhut%2C+L+A&rft.aulast=Fingerhut&rft.aufirst=L&rft.date=2004-10-01&rft.volume=10&rft.issue=5&rft.spage=264&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Injury+prevention+%3A+journal+of+the+International+Society+for+Child+and+Adolescent+Injury+Prevention&rft.issn=13538047&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 2004-12-09 N1 - Date created - 2004-10-07 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - SuppNotes - Cited By: Inj Prev. 2001 Mar;7(1):22-8 [11289530] Inj Prev. 2002 Jun;8(2):91-6 [12120842] Public Health. 2002 Sep;116(5):257-62 [12209400] Inj Control Saf Promot. 2002 Mar;9(1):32-9 [12462162] Inj Prev. 1998 Jun;4(2):135-9 [9666369] Inj Prev. 2003 Jun;9(2):156-62 [12810744] Traffic Inj Prev. 2003 Dec;4(4):291-6 [14630578] Inj Prev. 2004 Apr;10(2):69-71 [15066967] Inj Prev. 2002 Dec;8(4):332-7 [12460975] N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Effects of genetic polymorphisms of metabolic enzymes on cytokinesis-block micronucleus in peripheral blood lymphocyte among coke-oven workers. AN - 66937258; 15466980 AB - Exploring the associations between genetic polymorphisms of metabolic enzymes and susceptibility to polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon (PAH)-induced chromosomal damage is of great significance for understanding PAH carcinogenesis. Cytochrome P450, glutathione S-transferase, microsomal epoxide hydrolase, NAD(P)H:quinone oxidoreductase, and N-acetyltransferase are PAH-metabolizing enzymes. In this study, we genotyped for the polymorphisms of these genes and assessed their effects on cytokinesis-block micronucleus (CBMN) frequencies in peripheral blood lymphocytes among 141 coke-oven workers and 66 non-coke-oven worker controls. The geometric means of urinary 1-hydroxypyrene levels in coke-oven workers and the controls were 12.0 and 0.7 micromol/mol creatinine, respectively (P < 0.01). The CBMN frequency (number of micronuclei per 1,000 binucleated lymphocytes) was significantly higher in coke-oven workers (9.5 +/- 6.6 per thousand) than in the controls (4.0 +/- 3.6 per thousand; P < 0.01). Among the coke-oven workers, age was positively associated with CBMN frequency; the mEH His113 variant genotype exhibited significantly lower CBMN frequency (8.5 +/- 6.5 per thousand) than did the Tyr113/Tyr113 genotype (11.3 +/- 6.4 per thousand; P < 0.01); the low mEH activity phenotype exhibited a lower CBMN frequency (8.6 +/- 6.8 per thousand) than did the high mEH activity phenotype (13.2 +/- 6.7 per thousand; P = 0.01); the GSTP1 Val105/Val105 genotype exhibited a higher CBMN frequency (15.0 +/- 5.8 per thousand) than did the GSTP1 Ile105/Ile105 or Ile105/Val105 genotypes (9.3 +/- 6.5 per thousand; P < 0.01); the joint effect of high mEH activity phenotype and GSTM1 null genotype on CBMN frequencies was also found. Gene-environment interactions between occupational PAH exposure and polymorphisms of mEH and/or GSTM1 were also evident. These results indicate that the mEH, GSTP1, and GSTM1 polymorphisms may play a role in sensitivity or genetic susceptibility to the genotoxic effects of PAH exposure in the coke-oven workers. JF - Cancer epidemiology, biomarkers & prevention : a publication of the American Association for Cancer Research, cosponsored by the American Society of Preventive Oncology AU - Leng, Shuguang AU - Dai, Yufei AU - Niu, Yong AU - Pan, Zufei AU - Li, Xiaohua AU - Cheng, Juan AU - He, Fengsheng AU - Zheng, Yuxin AD - National Institute for Occupational Health and Poison Control, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, 29 Nanwei Road, Beijing, 100050. Y1 - 2004/10// PY - 2004 DA - October 2004 SP - 1631 EP - 1639 VL - 13 IS - 10 SN - 1055-9965, 1055-9965 KW - Coke KW - 0 KW - Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons KW - Acyltransferases KW - EC 2.3.- KW - Glutathione Transferase KW - EC 2.5.1.18 KW - glutathione S-transferase M1 KW - fatty acyl ethyl ester synthase KW - EC 3.1.1.67 KW - Epoxide Hydrolases KW - EC 3.3.2.- KW - Index Medicus KW - Genotype KW - Incineration KW - Humans KW - Cytokinesis KW - Adult KW - Middle Aged KW - Lymphocytes KW - Male KW - Female KW - Micronuclei, Chromosome-Defective KW - Occupational Exposure KW - Epoxide Hydrolases -- genetics KW - Epoxide Hydrolases -- pharmacology KW - Acyltransferases -- genetics KW - Polymorphism, Genetic KW - Glutathione Transferase -- pharmacology KW - DNA Damage KW - Acyltransferases -- pharmacology KW - Glutathione Transferase -- genetics KW - Genetic Predisposition to Disease KW - Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons -- poisoning UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/66937258?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Cancer+epidemiology%2C+biomarkers+%26+prevention+%3A+a+publication+of+the+American+Association+for+Cancer+Research%2C+cosponsored+by+the+American+Society+of+Preventive+Oncology&rft.atitle=Effects+of+genetic+polymorphisms+of+metabolic+enzymes+on+cytokinesis-block+micronucleus+in+peripheral+blood+lymphocyte+among+coke-oven+workers.&rft.au=Leng%2C+Shuguang%3BDai%2C+Yufei%3BNiu%2C+Yong%3BPan%2C+Zufei%3BLi%2C+Xiaohua%3BCheng%2C+Juan%3BHe%2C+Fengsheng%3BZheng%2C+Yuxin&rft.aulast=Leng&rft.aufirst=Shuguang&rft.date=2004-10-01&rft.volume=13&rft.issue=10&rft.spage=1631&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Cancer+epidemiology%2C+biomarkers+%26+prevention+%3A+a+publication+of+the+American+Association+for+Cancer+Research%2C+cosponsored+by+the+American+Society+of+Preventive+Oncology&rft.issn=10559965&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 2005-01-07 N1 - Date created - 2004-10-06 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Identification of Francisella tularensis genes encoding exported membrane-associated proteins using TnphoA mutagenesis of a genomic library. AN - 66929896; 15458781 AB - Francisella tularensis, the causative agent of tularemia, is a highly infectious pathogen of humans and animals, yet little is known about the surface proteins of this organism that mediate mechanisms of pathogenicity. lambdaTnphoA was used to generate random alkaline phosphatase gene fusions in a F. tularensis subsp. tularensis (strain Schu S4) genomic library to identify genes encoding exported extracytoplasmic proteins. Eleven genes encoding membrane-associated proteins were identified by this method and their respective signal peptides were characterized. Three of the genes encoded conserved 'housekeeping' enzymes, while the other eight genes were unique to F. tularensis, encoding proteins with molecular masses ranging from 11 to 78kDa as deduced from the amino acid sequences. Two genes putatively encoded lipoproteins based on the presence of characteristic signal peptidase II cleavage sites. Four selected proteins were found associated with outer membranes from Schu S4 and LVS strains by Western blotting. Indirect immunofluorescence of strain Schu S4 cells also showed evidence of protein localization to the outer membrane. Protein database searches produced significant alignments with proteins from other bacteria involved in carbohydrate transport, lipid metabolism, and cell envelope biogenesis, thereby providing clues for putative functions. These findings demonstrated that TnphoA mutagenesis can be used in conjunction with F. tularensis genome sequence data to provide a foundation for studies to identify and define cellular surface protein virulence factors of this pathogen. JF - Microbial pathogenesis AU - Gilmore, Robert D AU - Bacon, Rendi Murphree AU - Sviat, Steven L AU - Petersen, Jeannine M AU - Bearden, Scott W AD - Bacterial Zoonoses Branch, Division of Vector-Borne Infectious Diseases, National Center for Infectious Diseases, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, P.O. Box 2087, Rampart Road, Foothills Campus, Fort Collins, CO 80522, USA. rbg9@cdc.gov Y1 - 2004/10// PY - 2004 DA - October 2004 SP - 205 EP - 213 VL - 37 IS - 4 SN - 0882-4010, 0882-4010 KW - Bacterial Outer Membrane Proteins KW - 0 KW - Bacterial Proteins KW - DNA Transposable Elements KW - DNA, Bacterial KW - Lipoproteins KW - Membrane Proteins KW - Protein Sorting Signals KW - Alkaline Phosphatase KW - EC 3.1.3.1 KW - Index Medicus KW - Immunoblotting KW - Protein Sorting Signals -- genetics KW - DNA, Bacterial -- isolation & purification KW - Alkaline Phosphatase -- metabolism KW - Amino Acid Sequence KW - Sequence Homology KW - Alkaline Phosphatase -- genetics KW - Sequence Analysis, DNA KW - Molecular Weight KW - Lipoproteins -- genetics KW - DNA, Bacterial -- chemistry KW - Molecular Sequence Data KW - Genes, Reporter KW - Artificial Gene Fusion KW - Bacterial Outer Membrane Proteins -- analysis KW - Protein Sorting Signals -- physiology KW - Fluorescent Antibody Technique KW - Mutagenesis, Insertional KW - Protein Transport KW - Francisella tularensis -- metabolism KW - Francisella tularensis -- genetics KW - Genes, Bacterial KW - Bacterial Proteins -- genetics KW - Bacterial Proteins -- metabolism KW - Membrane Proteins -- genetics UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/66929896?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Microbial+pathogenesis&rft.atitle=Identification+of+Francisella+tularensis+genes+encoding+exported+membrane-associated+proteins+using+TnphoA+mutagenesis+of+a+genomic+library.&rft.au=Gilmore%2C+Robert+D%3BBacon%2C+Rendi+Murphree%3BSviat%2C+Steven+L%3BPetersen%2C+Jeannine+M%3BBearden%2C+Scott+W&rft.aulast=Gilmore&rft.aufirst=Robert&rft.date=2004-10-01&rft.volume=37&rft.issue=4&rft.spage=205&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Microbial+pathogenesis&rft.issn=08824010&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 2004-12-03 N1 - Date created - 2004-10-01 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Genetic sequence - AY327610; GENBANK; AY327605; AY327606; AY327608; AY327609 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Respiratory protection against bioaerosols: literature review and research needs. AN - 66924438; 15454893 AB - Research on respiratory protection against biologic agents is important to address major concerns such as occupational safety and terrorist attack. This review describes the literature on respiratory protection against bioaerosols and identifies research gaps. Respiratory protection is a complex field involving a number of factors, such as the efficiency of respirator filter material; face-piece fitting; and maintenance, storage, and reuse of respirators. Several studies used nonpathogenic microorganisms having physical characteristics similar to that of Mycobacterium tuberculosis to analyze microbial penetration through respirators. Some studies showed that high-efficiency particulate air (HEPA) and N95 filters provided a higher level of protection than dust/mist (DM) and dust/mist/fume (DMF) filters. Flow rate and relative humidity appear to alter the level of penetration of microorganisms through respirator filters. The relationship between microbial penetration through respirator filters and the aerodynamic diameter, length, or other physical characteristics of microorganisms remains controversial. Whether reaerosolization of bioaerosol particles should be a concern is unclear, given the fact that one study has demonstrated significant reaerosolization of 1- to 5-microm particles loaded onto respirator filters. Respirator maintenance, storage, and decontamination are important factors to be considered when reusing respirators. The respiratory protection against biologic warfare agents such as anthrax in military and civilian situations is described. JF - American journal of infection control AU - Rengasamy, Appavoo AU - Zhuang, Ziqing AU - Berryann, Roland AD - Department of Health and Human Services, Public Health Service, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, National Institute of Occupational Safety and Health, National Personal Protective Technology Laboratory, Bruceton, Pa 15236, USA. rda5@cdc.gov Y1 - 2004/10// PY - 2004 DA - October 2004 SP - 345 EP - 354 VL - 32 IS - 6 SN - 0196-6553, 0196-6553 KW - Aerosols KW - 0 KW - Index Medicus KW - Sensitivity and Specificity KW - Equipment Contamination KW - Humans KW - Infectious Disease Transmission, Patient-to-Professional KW - Particle Size KW - Tuberculosis, Pulmonary -- transmission KW - Tuberculosis, Pulmonary -- prevention & control KW - Decontamination KW - Needs Assessment KW - Risk Assessment KW - Occupational Exposure -- adverse effects KW - Air Microbiology KW - Research KW - Female KW - Male KW - Occupational Health KW - Communicable Disease Control -- methods KW - Aerosols -- adverse effects KW - Respiratory Protective Devices -- trends KW - Respiratory Protective Devices -- standards UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/66924438?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=American+journal+of+infection+control&rft.atitle=Respiratory+protection+against+bioaerosols%3A+literature+review+and+research+needs.&rft.au=Rengasamy%2C+Appavoo%3BZhuang%2C+Ziqing%3BBerryann%2C+Roland&rft.aulast=Rengasamy&rft.aufirst=Appavoo&rft.date=2004-10-01&rft.volume=32&rft.issue=6&rft.spage=345&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=American+journal+of+infection+control&rft.issn=01966553&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 2004-12-01 N1 - Date created - 2004-09-29 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Factors associated with fulminant liver failure during an outbreak among injection drug users with acute hepatitis B. AN - 66918353; 15382123 AB - Death related to acute hepatitis B occurs in approximately 1% of patients. We investigated an outbreak of hepatitis B virus (HBV) infections among injection drug users (IDUs) resulting in several deaths. We conducted a case-control study of fulminant (case patients) and nonfulminant (control patients) HBV infections. We directly sequenced the entire HBV genome from fulminant and nonfulminant cases. From October 1998 to July 2000, 21 acute HBV infections, including 10 fulminant hepatitis B cases, were identified. The median age was 30 (range, 18-49) years, 12 (57%) were female, 20 (95%) were American Indians, and 20 (95%) reported injecting illicit drugs. All patients with fulminant hepatitis B died (case-fatality rate = 47.6%). Case patients (n = 5) and control patients (n = 9) were similar with respect to age, sex, race, and hepatitis C virus serostatus. All case patients used acetaminophen during their illness compared with 44% of control patients (P =.08). Compared with control patients, case patients lost more weight in the 6 months before illness (P =.04); during their illness, they used more alcohol (P =.03) and methamphetamine (P =.04). All 9 isolates sequenced were genotype D, shared 99.7% homology, and included mutations previously described in association with fulminant hepatitis B. In conclusion, a high prevalence of exposure to factors potentiating hepatic damage with acute hepatitis B contributed to the outbreak's high mortality rate; mutations present in the outbreak strain might also have been a factor. Improved vaccination coverage among IDUs has the potential to prevent similar outbreaks in the future. JF - Hepatology (Baltimore, Md.) AU - Garfein, Richard S AU - Bower, William A AU - Loney, Cherry M AU - Hutin, Yvan J F AU - Xia, Guo-Liang AU - Jawanda, Jaspaul AU - Groom, Amy V AU - Nainan, Omana V AU - Murphy, James S AU - Bell, Beth P AD - Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA 30017, USA. rgarfein@cdc.gov Y1 - 2004/10// PY - 2004 DA - October 2004 SP - 865 EP - 873 VL - 40 IS - 4 SN - 0270-9139, 0270-9139 KW - DNA, Viral KW - 0 KW - Index Medicus KW - Severity of Illness Index KW - Acute Disease KW - Humans KW - Genotype KW - Risk Factors KW - Adult KW - Montana -- epidemiology KW - Case-Control Studies KW - Middle Aged KW - DNA, Viral -- genetics KW - Female KW - Male KW - Prevalence KW - Hepatitis B -- complications KW - Liver Failure -- mortality KW - Substance-Related Disorders -- mortality KW - Substance-Related Disorders -- complications KW - Hepatitis B virus -- genetics KW - Liver Failure -- virology KW - Hepatitis B -- virology KW - Hepatitis B -- mortality KW - Disease Outbreaks UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/66918353?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Hepatology+%28Baltimore%2C+Md.%29&rft.atitle=Factors+associated+with+fulminant+liver+failure+during+an+outbreak+among+injection+drug+users+with+acute+hepatitis+B.&rft.au=Garfein%2C+Richard+S%3BBower%2C+William+A%3BLoney%2C+Cherry+M%3BHutin%2C+Yvan+J+F%3BXia%2C+Guo-Liang%3BJawanda%2C+Jaspaul%3BGroom%2C+Amy+V%3BNainan%2C+Omana+V%3BMurphy%2C+James+S%3BBell%2C+Beth+P&rft.aulast=Garfein&rft.aufirst=Richard&rft.date=2004-10-01&rft.volume=40&rft.issue=4&rft.spage=865&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Hepatology+%28Baltimore%2C+Md.%29&rft.issn=02709139&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 2004-10-25 N1 - Date created - 2004-09-27 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - SuppNotes - Comment In: Hepatology. 2004 Oct;40(4):790-2 [15382157] N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Interventions for seropositive injectors-research and evaluation: an integrated behavioral intervention with HIV-positive injection drug users to address medical care, adherence, and risk reduction. AN - 66905886; 15385907 AB - Behavioral interventions to address the complex medical and HIV risk reduction needs of HIV-seropositive (HIV-positive) injection drug users (IDUs) are urgently needed. We describe the development of Interventions for Seropositive Injectors-Research and Evaluation (INSPIRE), a randomized controlled trial of an integrated intervention for HIV-positive IDUs, and the characteristics of the baseline sample. HIV-positive IDUs were recruited from community settings in 4 US cities. After completing a baseline assessment, participants who attended the first session were randomly assigned to (1) a 10-session peer mentoring intervention designed to improve utilization of HIV care, to improve adherence to HIV medications, and to reduce sexual and injection risk or (2) an 8-session videotape control. Periodic follow-up for 12 months is ongoing. A total of 1161 HIV-positive IDUs completed the baseline assessment, and 966 (83%) were randomized. Retention rates are greater than 80% for all follow-up periods. Approximately 79% of baseline participants reported a recent medical visit, 49% were taking highly active antiretroviral therapy, and 19% had an undetectable viral load. Use of injection and noninjection substances was prevalent, and sexual and injection risks were each reported by more than 25% of participants. There is a need for an integrated intervention for HIV-positive IDUs, and these data show the acceptability of such an approach. JF - Journal of acquired immune deficiency syndromes (1999) AU - Purcell, David W AU - Metsch, Lisa R AU - Latka, Mary AU - Santibanez, Scott AU - Gómez, Cynthia A AU - Eldred, Lois AU - Latkin, Carl A AU - INSPIRE Study Group AD - Division of HIV/AIDS Prevention, National Center for HIV, STD, and TB Prevention, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA 30333, USA. dpurcell@cdc.gov ; INSPIRE Study Group Y1 - 2004/10/01/ PY - 2004 DA - 2004 Oct 01 SP - S110 EP - S118 VL - 37 Suppl 2 SN - 1525-4135, 1525-4135 KW - Index Medicus KW - AIDS/HIV KW - United States KW - Videotape Recording KW - Educational Status KW - Patient Education as Topic -- methods KW - Risk-Taking KW - Humans KW - Employment KW - Patient Selection KW - Income KW - Mentors KW - Sexual Behavior KW - Female KW - Male KW - Risk Reduction Behavior KW - HIV Seropositivity -- psychology KW - HIV Infections -- transmission KW - Patient Compliance KW - HIV Infections -- prevention & control KW - HIV Seropositivity -- transmission KW - Substance Abuse, Intravenous -- prevention & control KW - HIV Infections -- psychology KW - Substance Abuse, Intravenous -- psychology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/66905886?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+acquired+immune+deficiency+syndromes+%281999%29&rft.atitle=Interventions+for+seropositive+injectors-research+and+evaluation%3A+an+integrated+behavioral+intervention+with+HIV-positive+injection+drug+users+to+address+medical+care%2C+adherence%2C+and+risk+reduction.&rft.au=Purcell%2C+David+W%3BMetsch%2C+Lisa+R%3BLatka%2C+Mary%3BSantibanez%2C+Scott%3BG%C3%B3mez%2C+Cynthia+A%3BEldred%2C+Lois%3BLatkin%2C+Carl+A%3BINSPIRE+Study+Group&rft.aulast=Purcell&rft.aufirst=David&rft.date=2004-10-01&rft.volume=37+Suppl+2&rft.issue=&rft.spage=S110&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+acquired+immune+deficiency+syndromes+%281999%29&rft.issn=15254135&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 2005-10-26 N1 - Date created - 2004-12-03 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - In vitro comparison of topical microbicides for prevention of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 transmission. AN - 66901858; 15388443 AB - A standardized protocol was used to compare cellular toxicities and anti-human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) activities of candidate microbicides formulated for human use. The microbicides evaluated were cellulose acetate phthalate (CAP), Carraguard, K-Y plus nonoxynol-9 (KY-N9), PRO 2000 (0.5 and 4%), SPL7013 (5%), UC781 (0.1 and 1%), and Vena Gel, along with their accompanying placebos. Products were evaluated for toxicity on cervical and colorectal epithelial cell lines, peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs), and macrophages (MPhi) by using an ATP release assay, and they were tested for their effect on transepithelial resistance (TER) of polarized epithelial monolayers. Anti-HIV-1 activity was evaluated in assays for transfer of infectious HIV-1 from epithelial cells to activated PBMCs and for PBMC and MPhi infection. CAP, Carraguard, PRO 2000, SPL7013, and UC781 along with their placebos were 20- to 50-fold less toxic than KY-N9 and Vena Gel. None of the nontoxic product concentrations disrupted the TER. Transfer of HIV-1(Ba-L) from epithelial cells to PBMCs and PBMC and MPhi infection with laboratory-adapted HIV-1(Ba-L) and HIV-1(LAI) isolates were inhibited by all products except Carraguard, KY-N9, and Vena Gel. KY-N9, Vena Gel, and Carraguard were not effective in blocking PBMC infection with primary HIV-1(A), HIV-1(C), and HIV-1(CRF01-AE) isolates. The concordance of these toxicity results with those previously reported indicates that our protocol may be useful for predicting toxicity in vivo. Moreover, our systematic anti-HIV-1 testing provides a rational basis for making better informed decisions about which products to consider for clinical trials. JF - Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy AU - Dezzutti, Charlene S AU - James, V Nicole AU - Ramos, Artur AU - Sullivan, Sharon T AU - Siddig, Aladin AU - Bush, Timothy J AU - Grohskopf, Lisa A AU - Paxton, Lynn AU - Subbarao, Shambavi AU - Hart, Clyde E AD - Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, 1600 Clifton Rd., NE, Mailstop G19, Atlanta, GA 30333, USA. cdezzutti@cdc.gov Y1 - 2004/10// PY - 2004 DA - October 2004 SP - 3834 EP - 3844 VL - 48 IS - 10 SN - 0066-4804, 0066-4804 KW - Anti-Infective Agents, Local KW - 0 KW - Index Medicus KW - Epithelial Cells -- virology KW - Urogenital System -- virology KW - Rectum -- virology KW - Colon -- virology KW - Humans KW - Colon -- cytology KW - Macrophages -- virology KW - Rectum -- cytology KW - Caco-2 Cells KW - Monocytes -- virology KW - Macrophages -- drug effects KW - Urogenital System -- cytology KW - Epithelial Cells -- drug effects KW - Monocytes -- drug effects KW - Anti-Infective Agents, Local -- therapeutic use KW - HIV Infections -- transmission KW - HIV Infections -- prevention & control KW - HIV-1 UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/66901858?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Antimicrobial+agents+and+chemotherapy&rft.atitle=In+vitro+comparison+of+topical+microbicides+for+prevention+of+human+immunodeficiency+virus+type+1+transmission.&rft.au=Dezzutti%2C+Charlene+S%3BJames%2C+V+Nicole%3BRamos%2C+Artur%3BSullivan%2C+Sharon+T%3BSiddig%2C+Aladin%3BBush%2C+Timothy+J%3BGrohskopf%2C+Lisa+A%3BPaxton%2C+Lynn%3BSubbarao%2C+Shambavi%3BHart%2C+Clyde+E&rft.aulast=Dezzutti&rft.aufirst=Charlene&rft.date=2004-10-01&rft.volume=48&rft.issue=10&rft.spage=3834&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Antimicrobial+agents+and+chemotherapy&rft.issn=00664804&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 2004-11-29 N1 - Date created - 2004-09-24 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - SuppNotes - Cited By: AIDS Res Hum Retroviruses. 2002 Jul 1;18(10):711-4 [12167278] Sex Transm Infect. 1999 Feb;75(1):3-17 [10448335] BMC Infect Dis. 2002 Apr 30;2:6 [11983022] Sex Transm Dis. 2002 Oct;29(10):581-7 [12370525] Lancet. 2002 Sep 28;360(9338):971-7 [12383665] AIDS. 2003 Feb 14;17(3):321-9 [12556685] Sex Transm Infect. 2000 Apr;76(2):126-30 [10858715] J Acquir Immune Defic Syndr. 2000 May 1;24(1):48-56 [10877495] Antimicrob Agents Chemother. 2000 Sep;44(9):2471-4 [10952597] Antimicrob Agents Chemother. 2000 Nov;44(11):3199-202 [11036053] Mol Pharmacol. 2000 Nov;58(5):1100-8 [11040059] Contraception. 2000 Sep;62(3):149-54 [11124363] Sex Transm Infect. 2000 Dec;76(6):480-3 [11221133] J Infect Dis. 2001 Apr 15;183(8):1204-13 [11262202] Sex Transm Dis. 2001 May;28(5):259-65 [11354263] Am J Trop Med Hyg. 2000 Nov-Dec;63(5-6):284-9 [11421379] Sex Transm Dis. 2001 Jul;28(7):417-23 [11460027] J Clin Invest. 2002 Jan;109(2):205-11 [11805132] Antivir Chem Chemother. 1999 Nov;10(6):327-32 [10628808] J Infect Dis. 2000 Feb;181(2):463-9 [10669327] J Antimicrob Chemother. 2000 May;45(5):713-4 [10797102] BMC Infect Dis. 2002 Nov 21;2:27 [12445331] Nature. 2003 Mar 20;422(6929):307-12 [12646921] AIDS. 2003 Sep 26;17(14):F23-32 [14502030] Antimicrob Agents Chemother. 2003 Dec;47(12):3784-8 [14638483] J Natl Cancer Inst. 1970 Jul;45(1):107-22 [4317734] Acta Obstet Gynaecol Jpn. 1972 Jan;19(1):47-58 [4678779] Cancer Res. 1976 Dec;36(12):4562-9 [1000501] J Natl Cancer Inst. 1977 Feb;58(2):209-14 [833871] J Virol. 1986 Dec;60(3):1068-74 [3023659] Lancet. 1988 Mar 19;1(8586):645 [2894571] Am J Public Health. 1990 Apr;80(4):460-2 [2316768] J Med Chem. 1991 Jan;34(1):212-7 [1704064] Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1991 Aug 1;88(15):6740-4 [1713689] Sex Transm Dis. 1991 Jul-Sep;18(3):176-9 [1658953] MMWR Morb Mortal Wkly Rep. 1993 Aug 6;42(30):589-91, 597 [8336689] J Antimicrob Chemother. 1993 Jul;32(1):71-82 [7693643] AIDS. 1996 May;10(5):558-9 [8724057] Antimicrob Agents Chemother. 1996 Jan;40(1):234-6 [8787913] Sex Transm Dis. 1996 Nov-Dec;23(6):461-4 [8946629] AIDS. 1996 Dec;10 Suppl 3:S43-51 [8970711] AIDS Res Hum Retroviruses. 1997 Jun 10;13(9):789-96 [9171223] Clin Diagn Lab Immunol. 1997 Jul;4(4):465-8 [9220165] Contraception. 1997 Dec;56(6):387-9 [9494773] J Acquir Immune Defic Syndr Hum Retrovirol. 1998 Apr 1;17(4):327-31 [9525433] AIDS. 1998 Jul 9;12(10):1129-38 [9677161] AIDS. 1998 Sep 10;12(13):1699-706 [9764791] Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1998 Oct 13;95(21):12574-9 [9770527] N Engl J Med. 1998 Dec 17;339(25):1803-9 [9854115] J Virol. 1999 Jul;73(7):5833-42 [10364335] Am J Epidemiol. 1999 Aug 1;150(3):306-11 [10430236] Biologicals. 1999 Mar;27(1):11-21 [10441398] BMC Infect Dis. 2001;1:17 [11602021] N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Mapping the Roots of HIV/AIDS Complacency: Implications for Program and Policy Development AN - 61454702; 200501257 AB - This article explores the assumption that perceptions about the threat of HIV/AIDS have changed over the course of the epidemic. For want of a better term, this phenomenon will be referred to as "HIV/AIDS complacency" & will be defined as minimizing, discounting, or discrediting the threat of HIV/AIDS. Although the majority of examples cited will explore the phenomenon at an individual level, this analysis assumes that HIV/AIDS complacency might also manifest at a community level (eg, decreased endorsement of norms supporting safe sexual practices related to perceptions that HIV infection is no longer a "fatal" condition) -- or at a societal level (eg, decreased support for ongoing HIV prevention activities in favor of other priorities). The construct of "HIV treatment optimism" will be viewed as a discrete, although not sole, contributor to HIV/AIDS complacency. As above, the notion of safer behavior fatigue (decreased vigilance toward maintaining safer sexual & drug-related behaviors) could also be included in the proposed definition of complacency, should we consider the behavior lapse as resulting from a decreased perception of HIV/AIDS risk rather than as an erosion of necessary prevention skills. The concept of HIV/AIDS complacency is controversial in some quarters & it must be acknowledged that other constructs could be put forward to explain the reported changes in attitudes & behaviors described herein. With these caveats in mind, this article provides an overview of the emerging phenomenon of HIV/AIDS complacency, what is known about its impact on prevention & treatment efforts in the industrialized world, & implications the phenomenon may have for the developing world, particularly vis-a-vis the anticipated scale-up of antiretroviral (ARV) treatment programs. Underlying this discussion is the assumption that, left unchecked, HIV/AIDS complacency could lead to increased HIV transmission & disease burden. 58 References. Adapted from the source document. JF - AIDS Education and Prevention AU - Valdiserri, Ronald O AD - Centers Disease Control & Prevention, Atlanta, GA rov1@cdc.gov Y1 - 2004/10// PY - 2004 DA - October 2004 SP - 426 EP - 439 VL - 16 IS - 5 SN - 0899-9546, 0899-9546 KW - Risk KW - Prevention KW - Perceptions KW - Treatment Programs KW - Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndrome KW - Health Behavior KW - article KW - 6126: acquired immune deficiency syndrome (AIDS) KW - 6124: health care promotion/education UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/61454702?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Asocialservices&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=AIDS+Education+and+Prevention&rft.atitle=Mapping+the+Roots+of+HIV%2FAIDS+Complacency%3A+Implications+for+Program+and+Policy+Development&rft.au=Valdiserri%2C+Ronald+O&rft.aulast=Valdiserri&rft.aufirst=Ronald&rft.date=2004-10-01&rft.volume=16&rft.issue=5&rft.spage=426&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=AIDS+Education+and+Prevention&rft.issn=08999546&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - Social Services Abstracts N1 - Date revised - 2007-05-01 N1 - Number of references - 58 N1 - Last updated - 2016-09-28 N1 - CODEN - AEPREO N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndrome; Perceptions; Risk; Health Behavior; Prevention; Treatment Programs ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Strategies to Increase Smoke Alarm Use in High-Risk Households AN - 20729393; 6038816 AB - A 3-year project was undertaken to evaluate two methods of promoting residential smoke alarm installation and maintenance in high risk households across the U.S. Five states (Arkansas, Maine, Maryland, Massachusetts, and North Carolina) participated. The two strategies under study were direct installation of smoke alarms and distribution of a voucher for free smoke alarms. The target population included occupants of high-risk households without working smoke alarms who were approached as part of a door-to-door canvassing program. Fire Safety education was provided to both groups. A follow up assessment conducted 6-12 months post intervention assessed the presence and functional status of smoke alarms in each of the two groups. Demographic and fire safety data were also collected at baseline and follow up for each group. 4,455 households were enrolled in the study [Installation Group: 2,206 (49.5%), Voucher Group: 2,249 (50.5%)]. Baseline characteristics of the groups within each state were comparable. Follow up data was obtained on 1,583 installation group households and 1,545 voucher group households. At follow up, 1,421 (89.8%) households in the installation group had working smoke alarms, compared with 997 (65%) households in the voucher group, Odds Ratio 4.82 (95% CI=3.97, 5.85) (p <.0001). On average, 47% of all households enrolled in the voucher group did not redeem their vouchers (range 26-63%). Direct installation of alarms by program staff resulted in working smoke alarms in 90% of households receiving the direct installation intervention. Only 65% of voucher households had functioning alarms at follow up, largely due to failure to redeem vouchers. JF - Journal of Community Health AU - Harvey, P A AU - Aitken, M AU - Ryan, G W AU - Demeter, LA AU - Givens, J AU - Sundararaman, R AU - Goulette, S AD - Epidemiologist, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA, pharvey@cdc.gov Y1 - 2004/10// PY - 2004 DA - Oct 2004 SP - 375 EP - 385 PB - Kluwer Academic Publishers VL - 29 IS - 5 SN - 0094-5145, 0094-5145 KW - Health & Safety Science Abstracts KW - demography KW - USA, North Carolina KW - Fires KW - USA, Massachusetts KW - Maintenance KW - households KW - Education KW - Alarm systems KW - intervention KW - USA, Arkansas KW - USA, Maine KW - USA, Maryland KW - H 7000:Fire Safety UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/20729393?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Ahealthsafetyabstracts&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Community+Health&rft.atitle=Strategies+to+Increase+Smoke+Alarm+Use+in+High-Risk+Households&rft.au=Harvey%2C+P+A%3BAitken%2C+M%3BRyan%2C+G+W%3BDemeter%2C+LA%3BGivens%2C+J%3BSundararaman%2C+R%3BGoulette%2C+S&rft.aulast=Harvey&rft.aufirst=P&rft.date=2004-10-01&rft.volume=29&rft.issue=5&rft.spage=375&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+Community+Health&rft.issn=00945145&rft_id=info:doi/10.1023%2FB%3AJOHE.0000038653.59255.57 LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2008-07-01 N1 - Last updated - 2015-03-27 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - demography; Fires; Education; households; intervention; Alarm systems; Maintenance; USA, North Carolina; USA, Massachusetts; USA, Maine; USA, Arkansas; USA, Maryland DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/B:JOHE.0000038653.59255.57 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - A Generalized Methodology for Developing Whole-Stand Survival Models AN - 20260719; 8894126 AB - A large source of variability in yield predictions is due to estimation of future surviving trees per unit area. Previous whole-stand survival modeling efforts have concentrated on modeling the empirical survival curve. Modeling hazard functions, an approach to survival analysis commonly used in fields such as medicine and sociology, can be applicable to plantation survival estimation. We offer a generalized method for deriving whole-stand survival models that are capable of modeling complex underlying hazard functions. We use our knowledge of the empirical hazard function to limit our selection to appropriate functions. Integrating selected functions results in initial condition difference equations that, when fitted to our data, provide biologically reasonable whole-stand survival predictions and adequately represent the underlying hazard function. Our method is relatively easy to implement and can model a whole-stand survival curve with a complex underlying hazard function. FOR. SCI. 50(5):686- 695. JF - Forest Science AU - Rose Jr, Charles E AU - Clutter, Michael L AU - Shiver, Barry D AU - Hall, Daniel B AU - Borders, Bruce AD - Mathematical Statistician/Epidemiologist Anthrax Vaccine Safety Team BVPDB/ESD/NIP/CDC 1600 Clifton Rd., Mailstop E-61 Atlanta GA 30333, cvr7atcdc.gov Y1 - 2004/10// PY - 2004 DA - Oct 2004 SP - 686 EP - 695 PB - Society of American Foresters, 5400 Grosvenor Lane Bethesda Maryland 20814 USA, [mailto:safweb@safnet.org], [URL:http://www.safnet.org/index.shtml] VL - 50 IS - 5 SN - 0015-749X, 0015-749X KW - Sustainability Science Abstracts; Environment Abstracts KW - Survival analysis KW - hazard function KW - differential equation KW - environmental management KW - forest KW - forest management KW - forest resources KW - forestry KW - forestry research KW - forestry science KW - natural resources KW - natural resource management KW - plantations KW - Sociology KW - Trees KW - Forests KW - survival KW - ENA 06:Food & Drugs KW - M3 1010:Issues in Sustainable Development UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/20260719?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Assamodule&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Forest+Science&rft.atitle=A+Generalized+Methodology+for+Developing+Whole-Stand+Survival+Models&rft.au=Rose+Jr%2C+Charles+E%3BClutter%2C+Michael+L%3BShiver%2C+Barry+D%3BHall%2C+Daniel+B%3BBorders%2C+Bruce&rft.aulast=Rose+Jr&rft.aufirst=Charles&rft.date=2004-10-01&rft.volume=50&rft.issue=5&rft.spage=686&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Forest+Science&rft.issn=0015749X&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2009-02-01 N1 - Last updated - 2015-03-30 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - plantations; Sociology; Trees; Forests; survival ER - TY - JOUR T1 - National Environmental Public Health Tracking Program: Bridging the Information Gap AN - 19934765; 6063547 AB - In January 2001 the Pew Environmental Health Commission called for the creation of a coordinated public health system to prevent disease in the United States by tracking and combating environmental health threats. In response, the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention initiated the Environmental Public Health Tracking (EPHT) Program to integrate three distinct components of hazard monitoring and exposure and health effects surveillance into a cohesive tracking network. Uniform and acceptable data standards, easily understood case definitions, and improved communication between health and environmental agencies are just a few of the challenges that must be addressed for this network to be effective. The nascent EPHT program is attempting to respond to these challenges by drawing on a wide range of expertise from federal agencies, state health and environmental agencies, nongovernmental organizations, and the program's academic Centers of Excellence. In this mini-monograph, we present innovative strategies and methods that are being applied to the broad scope of important and complex environmental public health problems by developing EPHT programs. The data resulting from this program can be used to identify areas and populations most likely to be affected by environmental contamination and to provide important information on the health and environmental status of communities. EPHT will develop valuable data on possible associations between the environment and the risk of noninfectious health effects. These data can be used to reduce the burden of adverse health effects on the American public. JF - Environmental Health Perspectives AU - McGeehin, MA AU - Qualters, J R AU - Niskar, A S AD - CDC, 1600 Clifton Rd., NE, MS F52, Atlanta, GA 30333, USA, mmcgeehin@cdc.gov Y1 - 2004/10// PY - 2004 DA - Oct 2004 SP - 1409 EP - 1413 VL - 112 IS - 14 SN - 0091-6765, 0091-6765 KW - Sustainability Science Abstracts; Health & Safety Science Abstracts; Pollution Abstracts; Human Population KW - Pollution monitoring KW - USA KW - Data collection KW - Environmental health KW - disease control KW - Public health KW - M3 1010:Issues in Sustainable Development KW - M1 125:Population Health-Environment Relations KW - H 12000:Epidemiology and Public Health KW - P 6000:TOXICOLOGY AND HEALTH UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/19934765?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Assamodule&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Environmental+Health+Perspectives&rft.atitle=National+Environmental+Public+Health+Tracking+Program%3A+Bridging+the+Information+Gap&rft.au=McGeehin%2C+MA%3BQualters%2C+J+R%3BNiskar%2C+A+S&rft.aulast=McGeehin&rft.aufirst=MA&rft.date=2004-10-01&rft.volume=112&rft.issue=14&rft.spage=1409&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Environmental+Health+Perspectives&rft.issn=00916765&rft_id=info:doi/10.1289%2Fehp.7144 LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2005-01-01 N1 - Last updated - 2015-03-24 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Pollution monitoring; Environmental health; Public health; Data collection; disease control; USA DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1289/ehp.7144 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Assessment of areas at increased risk for poliovirus circulation in Ecuador AN - 17808680; 6199014 AB - To assess areas at risk for poliovirus circulation in Ecuador, we first selected provinces at highest risk based on low immunization coverage with three doses of oral poliovirus vaccine, and a low number of reported cases of acute flaccid paralysis (AFP). Subsequently, we reviewed discharge data for the period 1996-2000 for diagnoses compatible with AFP in the only two national referral hospitals in Quito, and at least two main hospitals in each of the six selected provinces. Environmental samples from one or two cities/towns in each selected province were tested for poliovirus. Of the 14 identified AFP-compatible cases, 8 (57%) had been previously reported and investigated. We visited four out of the six unreported cases; none of those four had sequelae compatible with poliomyelitis. From the 14 environmental samples taken, we identified Sabin viruses in six of the samples; no vaccine-derived polioviruses were isolated. Using this methodology, we found no evidence of undetected poliovirus circulation in Ecuador. JF - Epidemiology and Infection AU - Dayan, G H AU - Rodriguez, R AU - Vinje, J AU - Vasconez, N AU - Caceres, V AU - Gregoricus, N AU - Sobsey, M AU - Landaverde, M AD - Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, National Immunization Program, 1600 Clifton Rd, Mailstop E-61, Atlanta, GA 30333, USA, gdayan@cdc.gov Y1 - 2004/10// PY - 2004 DA - Oct 2004 SP - 787 EP - 795 VL - 132 IS - 5 SN - 0950-2688, 0950-2688 KW - Risk Abstracts; Virology & AIDS Abstracts KW - vaccines KW - Ecuador KW - Viruses KW - Public health KW - immunization KW - Urban areas KW - Poliovirus KW - Immunization KW - Epidemiology KW - Reviews KW - Vaccines KW - V 22123:Epidemiology KW - R2 23060:Medical and environmental health UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/17808680?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Ariskabstracts&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Epidemiology+and+Infection&rft.atitle=Assessment+of+areas+at+increased+risk+for+poliovirus+circulation+in+Ecuador&rft.au=Dayan%2C+G+H%3BRodriguez%2C+R%3BVinje%2C+J%3BVasconez%2C+N%3BCaceres%2C+V%3BGregoricus%2C+N%3BSobsey%2C+M%3BLandaverde%2C+M&rft.aulast=Dayan&rft.aufirst=G&rft.date=2004-10-01&rft.volume=132&rft.issue=5&rft.spage=787&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Epidemiology+and+Infection&rft.issn=09502688&rft_id=info:doi/10.1017%2FS0950268804002626 LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2010-05-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-14 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Epidemiology; Reviews; Viruses; Vaccines; Immunization; Public health; immunization; vaccines; Poliovirus; Urban areas; Ecuador DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/S0950268804002626 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Characterization of drug-resistant isolates of Mycobacterium tuberculosis derived from Russian inmates AN - 17789653; 6073427 AB - Tuberculosis ward of a prison in Russia. Molecular characterization of drug-resistant isolates. Isolates were collected from all tuberculosis patients occurring in the prison over a 1-year period. Of 130 patients studied, 17 patients produced pan-susceptible isolates and 113 produced isolates resistant to at least one drug, including 85 multidrug-resistant isolates. Mutations at katG315 occurred in 98% of isoniazid-resistant isolates. Mutations in rpoB were found in 89% of rifampicin-resistant isolates. Mutations in pncA occurred in 13% of the 75 isolates tested. By spoligotyping, members of the Beijing (55 isolates) and LAM (31 isolates) families were identified. By IS6110 genotyping, two groups (34 and 55 isolates) of related isolates were found, including three clusters (10, 12, and 16 isolates) with identical patterns. In a study of samples collected 3 months apart from 28 patients, four patients produced isolates containing a mixture of strains and five patients produced specimens containing distinctly different isolates. Isolates of nine patients acquired additional drug resistance. Three families of strains accounted for much of the drug-resistant tuberculosis in this population. Multiple resistance, acquisition of resistance, and infection with two or more strains as well as reinfection were observed. JF - International Journal of Tuberculosis and Lung Disease AU - Shemyakin, I G AU - Stepanshina, V N AU - Ivanov, I Y AU - Lipin, MY AU - Anisimova, V A AU - Onasenko, A G AU - Korobova, O V AU - Shinnick, T M AD - Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, 1600 Clifton Road, Mailstop G5, Atlanta, GA 30333, USA, tms1@cdc.gov Y1 - 2004/10// PY - 2004 DA - Oct 2004 SP - 1194 EP - 1203 VL - 8 IS - 10 SN - 1027-3719, 1027-3719 KW - Microbiology Abstracts B: Bacteriology KW - pncA gene KW - Genotyping KW - Drug resistance KW - Lung diseases KW - Characterization KW - Population studies KW - Infection KW - spoligotyping KW - katG gene KW - Multidrug resistance KW - Russia KW - Mutation KW - rpoB gene KW - Mycobacterium tuberculosis KW - J 02855:Human Bacteriology: Others KW - J 02710:Identification, taxonomy and typing UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/17789653?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologyb&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=International+Journal+of+Tuberculosis+and+Lung+Disease&rft.atitle=Characterization+of+drug-resistant+isolates+of+Mycobacterium+tuberculosis+derived+from+Russian+inmates&rft.au=Shemyakin%2C+I+G%3BStepanshina%2C+V+N%3BIvanov%2C+I+Y%3BLipin%2C+MY%3BAnisimova%2C+V+A%3BOnasenko%2C+A+G%3BKorobova%2C+O+V%3BShinnick%2C+T+M&rft.aulast=Shemyakin&rft.aufirst=I&rft.date=2004-10-01&rft.volume=8&rft.issue=10&rft.spage=1194&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=International+Journal+of+Tuberculosis+and+Lung+Disease&rft.issn=10273719&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Mycobacterium tuberculosis; Russia; pncA gene; Population studies; Drug resistance; Characterization; katG gene; rpoB gene; Mutation; Multidrug resistance; spoligotyping; Genotyping; Lung diseases; Infection ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Comparison of 1-hydroxypyrene exposure in the US population with that in occupational exposure studies AN - 17667874; 6524859 AB - Urine samples collected in 1999 and 2000 as part of the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) were analyzed for 14 monohydroxy polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs), and, for the first time, reference range values were calculated for these metabolites in the US population. Pyrene is a major component of most PAH mixtures and often is used as a surrogate for total PAH exposure. We detected 1-hydroxypyrene (1-OHpyrene), a metabolite of pyrene, in more than 99% of the samples. The overall geometric mean concentration for 1-OHpyrene in the USA was 79.8 ng/l, with a 95% confidence interval (CI) of 69.0-92.2 ng/l. The overall geometric mean creatinine-adjusted urinary 1-OHpyrene levels in the USA was 74.2 ng/g creatinine (0.039 mu mol/mol), with a 95% CI of 64.1-85.9 ng/g creatinine (0.034-0.046 mu mol/mol). There were no statistically significant differences among age, gender, or race/ethnicity groups. Adult smokers in the USA have urinary 1-OHpyrene levels three times higher than those of non-smokers. This difference was statistically significant. In this paper, we compare the reference range of urinary 1-OHpyrene levels with levels reported from various occupations by other researchers. JF - International Archives of Occupational and Environmental Health AU - Huang, W AU - Grainger, J AU - Patterson, DG Jr AU - Turner, W E AU - Caudill, S P AU - Needham, L L AU - Pirkle, J L AU - Sampson, E J AD - National Center for Environmental Health, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, 4770 Buford Highway NE, Mailstop F-47, Atlanta, GA 30341, USA, Wfh7@cdc.gov Y1 - 2004/10// PY - 2004 DA - Oct 2004 SP - 491 EP - 498 VL - 77 IS - 7 SN - 0340-0131, 0340-0131 KW - 1-hydroxypyrene KW - Toxicology Abstracts; Health & Safety Science Abstracts KW - X 24190:Polycyclic hydrocarbons KW - H 1000:Occupational Safety and Health UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/17667874?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxicologyabstracts&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=International+Archives+of+Occupational+and+Environmental+Health&rft.atitle=Comparison+of+1-hydroxypyrene+exposure+in+the+US+population+with+that+in+occupational+exposure+studies&rft.au=Huang%2C+W%3BGrainger%2C+J%3BPatterson%2C+DG+Jr%3BTurner%2C+W+E%3BCaudill%2C+S+P%3BNeedham%2C+L+L%3BPirkle%2C+J+L%3BSampson%2C+E+J&rft.aulast=Huang&rft.aufirst=W&rft.date=2004-10-01&rft.volume=77&rft.issue=7&rft.spage=491&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=International+Archives+of+Occupational+and+Environmental+Health&rft.issn=03400131&rft_id=info:doi/10.1007%2Fs00420-004-0529-y LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2005-12-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00420-004-0529-y ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Paternal Occupational Exposure to 2,3,7,8-Tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin and Birth Outcomes of Offspring: Birth Weight, Preterm Delivery, and Birth Defects AN - 16194766; 6063546 AB - Agent Orange is a phenoxy herbicide that was contaminated with 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin (TCDD). We studied pregnancy outcomes among wives of male chemical workers who were highly exposed to chemicals contaminated with TCDD and among wives of nonexposed neighborhood referents. For exposed pregnancies, we estimated serum TCDD concentration at the time of conception using a pharmacokinetic model. The mean TCDD concentration for workers' births was 254 pg/g lipid (range, 3-16,340 pg/g). The mean referent concentration of 6 pg/g was assigned to pregnancies fathered by workers before exposure. A total of 1,117 live singleton births of 217 referent wives and 176 worker wives were included. Only full-term births were included in the birth weight analysis ( greater than or equal to 37 weeks of gestation). Mean birth weight among full-term babies was similar among referents' babies (n = 604), preexposure workers' babies (n = 221), and exposed workers' babies (n = 292) (3,420, 3,347, and 3,442 g, respectively). Neither continuous nor categorical TCDD concentration had an effect on birth weight for term infants after adjustment for infant sex, mother's education, parity, prenatal cigarette smoking, and gestation length. An analysis to estimate potential direct exposure of the wives during periods of workers' exposure yielded a nonstatistically significant increase in infant birth weight of 130 g in the highest exposure group (TCDD concentration > 254 pg/g) compared with referents (p = 0.09). Mothers' reports of preterm delivery showed a somewhat protective association with paternal TCDD (log) concentration (odds ratio = 0.8; 95% confidence interval, 0.6-1.1). We also include descriptive information on reported birth defects. Because the estimated TCDD concentrations in this population were much higher than in other studies, the results indicate that TCDD is unlikely to increase the risk of low birth weight or preterm delivery through a paternal mechanism. JF - Environmental Health Perspectives AU - Lawson, C C AU - Schnorr, T M AU - Whelan, E A AU - Deddens, JA AU - Dankovic, DA AU - Piacitelli, LA AU - Sweeney, M H AU - Connally, L B AD - National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, 4676 Columbia Parkway (R-15), Cincinnati, OH 45226, USA, CJL9@cdc.gov Y1 - 2004/10// PY - 2004 DA - Oct 2004 SP - 1403 EP - 1408 VL - 112 IS - 14 SN - 0091-6765, 0091-6765 KW - Risk Abstracts; Health & Safety Science Abstracts; Toxicology Abstracts KW - Birth weight KW - TCDD KW - Offspring KW - Pregnancy KW - birth weight KW - Congenital defects KW - Dioxin KW - Occupational exposure KW - Infants KW - R2 23080:Industrial and labor KW - H 1000:Occupational Safety and Health KW - X 24152:Chronic exposure UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16194766?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Ariskabstracts&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Environmental+Health+Perspectives&rft.atitle=Paternal+Occupational+Exposure+to+2%2C3%2C7%2C8-Tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin+and+Birth+Outcomes+of+Offspring%3A+Birth+Weight%2C+Preterm+Delivery%2C+and+Birth+Defects&rft.au=Lawson%2C+C+C%3BSchnorr%2C+T+M%3BWhelan%2C+E+A%3BDeddens%2C+JA%3BDankovic%2C+DA%3BPiacitelli%2C+LA%3BSweeney%2C+M+H%3BConnally%2C+L+B&rft.aulast=Lawson&rft.aufirst=C&rft.date=2004-10-01&rft.volume=112&rft.issue=14&rft.spage=1403&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Environmental+Health+Perspectives&rft.issn=00916765&rft_id=info:doi/10.1289%2Fehp.7051 LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2005-02-01 N1 - Last updated - 2015-03-24 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Birth weight; Congenital defects; TCDD; Offspring; Occupational exposure; Dioxin; Pregnancy; Infants; birth weight DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1289/ehp.7051 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Alcohol-attributable deaths and years of potential life lost--United States, 2001. AN - 66906619; 15385917 AB - Excessive alcohol consumption is the third leading preventable cause of death in the United States and is associated with multiple adverse health consequences, including liver cirrhosis, various cancers, unintentional injuries, and violence. To analyze alcohol-related health impacts, CDC estimated the number of alcohol-attributable deaths (AADs) and years of potential life lost (YPLLs) in the United States during 2001. This report summarizes the results of that analysis, which indicated that approximately 75,766 AADs and 2.3 million YPLLs, or approximately 30 years of life lost on average per AAD, were attributable to excessive alcohol use in 2001. These results emphasize the importance of adopting effective strategies to reduce excessive drinking, including increasing alcohol excise taxes and screening for alcohol misuse in clinical settings. JF - MMWR. Morbidity and mortality weekly report AU - Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) AD - Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) Y1 - 2004/09/24/ PY - 2004 DA - 2004 Sep 24 SP - 866 EP - 870 VL - 53 IS - 37 KW - Index Medicus KW - Life Tables KW - Alcohol Drinking -- mortality KW - Humans KW - Alcohol Drinking -- adverse effects KW - United States -- epidemiology KW - Male KW - Female KW - Cause of Death KW - Alcohol-Related Disorders -- mortality KW - Alcohol-Related Disorders -- complications UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/66906619?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=MMWR.+Morbidity+and+mortality+weekly+report&rft.atitle=Alcohol-attributable+deaths+and+years+of+potential+life+lost--United+States%2C+2001.&rft.au=Centers+for+Disease+Control+and+Prevention+%28CDC%29&rft.aulast=Centers+for+Disease+Control+and+Prevention+%28CDC%29&rft.aufirst=&rft.date=2004-09-24&rft.volume=53&rft.issue=37&rft.spage=866&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=MMWR.+Morbidity+and+mortality+weekly+report&rft.issn=1545-861X&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 2004-09-24 N1 - Date created - 2004-09-23 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Outbreak of cyclosporiasis associated with snow peas--Pennsylvania, 2004. AN - 66904589; 15385921 AB - During June-July 2004, public health officials in Pennsylvania were notified of cases of the parasitic disease cyclosporiasis among persons associated with a residential facility (e.g., residents, staff, and volunteers). CDC confirmed the diagnosis of Cyclospora cayetanensis infection by examining stool specimens from multiple patients. By early July, local public health officials had been notified of approximately 50 potential cases of cyclosporiasis associated with the facility; onsets of illness were from early June through early July. This report describes the findings of the epidemiologic and traceback investigations, which determined the cases were linked to consumption of raw Guatemalan snow peas at five special events, for which food was prepared by the facility staff, from late May through late June. This is the first documented outbreak of cyclosporiasis linked to snow peas. The Food and Drug Administration (FDA) and CDC are working with Guatemalan officials to determine the sources of the snow peas and possible modes of contamination. JF - MMWR. Morbidity and mortality weekly report AU - Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) AD - Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) Y1 - 2004/09/24/ PY - 2004 DA - 2004 Sep 24 SP - 876 EP - 878 VL - 53 IS - 37 KW - Index Medicus KW - Humans KW - Pennsylvania -- epidemiology KW - Disease Outbreaks KW - Cluster Analysis KW - Foodborne Diseases -- epidemiology KW - Foodborne Diseases -- etiology KW - Peas -- parasitology KW - Cyclosporiasis -- epidemiology KW - Cyclosporiasis -- etiology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/66904589?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=MMWR.+Morbidity+and+mortality+weekly+report&rft.atitle=Outbreak+of+cyclosporiasis+associated+with+snow+peas--Pennsylvania%2C+2004.&rft.au=Centers+for+Disease+Control+and+Prevention+%28CDC%29&rft.aulast=Centers+for+Disease+Control+and+Prevention+%28CDC%29&rft.aufirst=&rft.date=2004-09-24&rft.volume=53&rft.issue=37&rft.spage=876&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=MMWR.+Morbidity+and+mortality+weekly+report&rft.issn=1545-861X&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 2004-09-24 N1 - Date created - 2004-09-23 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - SuppNotes - Comment In: Ann Emerg Med. 2005 May;45(5):529-31 [15855952] N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - CPAPER T1 - Concentration of polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDEs) in house hold dust from various countries - Inhalation a potential route of human exposure AN - 40029541; 3879137 AU - Sjoedin, A AU - Paepke, O AU - McGahee, E III AU - Jones, R AU - Focant, J-F AU - Pless-Mulloli, T AU - Toms, L-M AU - Wang, R AU - Zhang, Y AU - Needham, L Y1 - 2004/09/21/ PY - 2004 DA - 2004 Sep 21 KW - CPI, Conference Papers Index KW - U 4300:Environmental Science UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/40029541?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Acpi&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=conference&rft.jtitle=&rft.atitle=Concentration+of+polybrominated+diphenyl+ethers+%28PBDEs%29+in+house+hold+dust+from+various+countries+-+Inhalation+a+potential+route+of+human+exposure&rft.au=Sjoedin%2C+A%3BPaepke%2C+O%3BMcGahee%2C+E+III%3BJones%2C+R%3BFocant%2C+J-F%3BPless-Mulloli%2C+T%3BToms%2C+L-M%3BWang%2C+R%3BZhang%2C+Y%3BNeedham%2C+L&rft.aulast=Sjoedin&rft.aufirst=A&rft.date=2004-09-21&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - SuppNotes - Availability: Dioxin 2004, TU Berlin Servicegesellschaft mbH, Hardenbergstr. 19, 10623 Berlin, Germany; URL: www.dioxin2004.org N1 - Last updated - 2010-05-03 ER - TY - CPAPER T1 - Phantom menace - Determination of the true method detection limit (MDL) for background levels of PCDDs, PCDFs, and cPCBs in human serum by high-resolution mass spectrometry AN - 39858660; 3883547 AU - Turner, W AU - Welch, S AU - DiPietro, E AU - Cash, T AU - McClure, C AU - Needham, L AU - Patterson, D Y1 - 2004/09/21/ PY - 2004 DA - 2004 Sep 21 KW - CPI, Conference Papers Index KW - U 4300:Environmental Science UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/39858660?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Acpi&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=conference&rft.jtitle=&rft.atitle=Phantom+menace+-+Determination+of+the+true+method+detection+limit+%28MDL%29+for+background+levels+of+PCDDs%2C+PCDFs%2C+and+cPCBs+in+human+serum+by+high-resolution+mass+spectrometry&rft.au=Turner%2C+W%3BWelch%2C+S%3BDiPietro%2C+E%3BCash%2C+T%3BMcClure%2C+C%3BNeedham%2C+L%3BPatterson%2C+D&rft.aulast=Turner&rft.aufirst=W&rft.date=2004-09-21&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - SuppNotes - Availability: Dioxin 2004, TU Berlin Servicegesellschaft mbH, Hardenbergstr. 19, 10623 Berlin, Germany; URL: www.dioxin2004.org N1 - Last updated - 2010-05-03 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Thirty-year Trends in Cardiovascular Risk Factor Levels among US Adults with Diabetes: National Health and Nutrition Examination Surveys, 1971-2000 AN - 17704548; 6025614 AB - Among US adults with diabetes, using data from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey for 1971-1974, 1976-1980, 1988-1994, and 1999-2000, the authors describe 30-year trends in total cholesterol, blood pressure, and smoking levels. Using Bayesian models, the authors calculated mean changes per year and 95% credible intervals for age-adjusted mean total cholesterol and blood pressure levels and the prevalence of high total cholesterol (=>5.17 mmol/liter), high blood pressure (systolic blood pressure: =>140 mmHg and/or diastolic blood pressure: =>90 mmHg), and smoking. Between 1971-1974 and 1999- 2000, mean total cholesterol declined from 5.95 mmol/liter to 5.48 mmol/liter (- 0.02 (95% credible interval: -0.03, -0.01) mmol/liter per year). The proportion with high cholesterol decreased from 72% to 55%. Mean blood pressure declined from 146/86 mmHg to 134/72 mmHg (systolic blood pressure: -0.5 (95% credible interval: -1.1, 0.5) mmHg per year; diastolic blood pressure: -0.6 (95% credible interval: -1.0, -0.03) mmHg per year). The proportion with high blood pressure decreased from 64% to 37%, and smoking prevalence decreased from 32% to 17%. Although these trends are encouraging, still one of two people with diabetes has high cholesterol, one of three has high blood pressure, and one of six is a smoker. JF - American Journal of Epidemiology AU - Imperatore, Giuseppina AU - Cadwell, Betsy L AU - Geiss, Linda AU - Saadinne, Jinan B AU - Williams, Desmond E AU - Ford, Earl S AU - Thompson, Theodore J AU - Venkat Narayan, KM AU - Gregg, Edward W AD - Division of Diabetes Translation, National Center for Chronic Disease Prevention and Health Promotion, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA Y1 - 2004/09/15/ PY - 2004 DA - 2004 Sep 15 SP - 531 EP - 539 PB - Johns Hopkins University, School of Hygiene and Public Health VL - 160 IS - 6 SN - 0002-9262, 0002-9262 KW - Risk Abstracts KW - Diabetes mellitus KW - Smoking KW - USA KW - Cardiovascular system KW - Nutrition KW - Blood pressure KW - R2 23060:Medical and environmental health UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/17704548?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Ariskabstracts&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=American+Journal+of+Epidemiology&rft.atitle=Thirty-year+Trends+in+Cardiovascular+Risk+Factor+Levels+among+US+Adults+with+Diabetes%3A+National+Health+and+Nutrition+Examination+Surveys%2C+1971-2000&rft.au=Imperatore%2C+Giuseppina%3BCadwell%2C+Betsy+L%3BGeiss%2C+Linda%3BSaadinne%2C+Jinan+B%3BWilliams%2C+Desmond+E%3BFord%2C+Earl+S%3BThompson%2C+Theodore+J%3BVenkat+Narayan%2C+KM%3BGregg%2C+Edward+W&rft.aulast=Imperatore&rft.aufirst=Giuseppina&rft.date=2004-09-15&rft.volume=160&rft.issue=6&rft.spage=531&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=American+Journal+of+Epidemiology&rft.issn=00029262&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - USA; Blood pressure; Smoking; Nutrition; Diabetes mellitus; Cardiovascular system ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Investigation of acute idiopathic pulmonary hemorrhage among infants - Massachusetts, December 2002-June 2003. AN - 66867074; 15356457 JF - MMWR. Morbidity and mortality weekly report AU - Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) AD - Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) Y1 - 2004/09/10/ PY - 2004 DA - 2004 Sep 10 SP - 817 EP - 820 VL - 53 IS - 35 KW - Index Medicus KW - Acute Disease KW - Environment KW - Environmental Illness -- epidemiology KW - Housing KW - Fungi KW - Humans KW - Infant, Newborn KW - Massachusetts -- epidemiology KW - Infant KW - Hemosiderosis -- epidemiology KW - von Willebrand Diseases -- diagnosis KW - von Willebrand Diseases -- complications KW - Hemosiderosis -- etiology KW - Cluster Analysis KW - Male KW - Lung Diseases -- etiology KW - Hemorrhage -- epidemiology KW - Lung Diseases -- epidemiology KW - Hemoptysis -- etiology KW - Hemoptysis -- epidemiology KW - Hemorrhage -- etiology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/66867074?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=MMWR.+Morbidity+and+mortality+weekly+report&rft.atitle=Investigation+of+acute+idiopathic+pulmonary+hemorrhage+among+infants+-+Massachusetts%2C+December+2002-June+2003.&rft.au=Centers+for+Disease+Control+and+Prevention+%28CDC%29&rft.aulast=Centers+for+Disease+Control+and+Prevention+%28CDC%29&rft.aufirst=&rft.date=2004-09-10&rft.volume=53&rft.issue=35&rft.spage=817&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=MMWR.+Morbidity+and+mortality+weekly+report&rft.issn=1545-861X&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 2004-09-13 N1 - Date created - 2004-09-09 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Physical health status of World Trade Center rescue and recovery workers and volunteers - New York City, July 2002-August 2004. AN - 66866319; 15356454 JF - MMWR. Morbidity and mortality weekly report AU - Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) AD - Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) Y1 - 2004/09/10/ PY - 2004 DA - 2004 Sep 10 SP - 807 EP - 812 VL - 53 IS - 35 KW - Index Medicus KW - New York City KW - Spirometry KW - Humans KW - Adult KW - Aged KW - Middle Aged KW - Environmental Pollution KW - Musculoskeletal Diseases -- epidemiology KW - Gastrointestinal Diseases -- epidemiology KW - Male KW - Female KW - Volunteers KW - Terrorism KW - Rescue Work KW - Health Status KW - Respiratory Tract Diseases -- epidemiology KW - Police KW - Explosions KW - Emergency Medical Technicians UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/66866319?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=MMWR.+Morbidity+and+mortality+weekly+report&rft.atitle=Physical+health+status+of+World+Trade+Center+rescue+and+recovery+workers+and+volunteers+-+New+York+City%2C+July+2002-August+2004.&rft.au=Centers+for+Disease+Control+and+Prevention+%28CDC%29&rft.aulast=Centers+for+Disease+Control+and+Prevention+%28CDC%29&rft.aufirst=&rft.date=2004-09-10&rft.volume=53&rft.issue=35&rft.spage=807&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=MMWR.+Morbidity+and+mortality+weekly+report&rft.issn=1545-861X&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 2004-09-13 N1 - Date created - 2004-09-09 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Time-dependent apoptosis of alveolar macrophages from rats exposed to bleomycin: Involvement of TNF receptor 2 AN - 18041991; 6020751 AB - Tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF- alpha ) is produced by alveolar macrophages (AM) in response to bleomycin (BLM) exposure. This cytokine has been linked to BLM-induced pulmonary inflammation, an early drug effect, and to lung fibrosis, the ultimate toxic effect of BLM. The present study was carried out to study the time dependence of apoptotic signaling pathways and the potential roles of TNF receptors in BLM-induced AM apoptosis. Male Sprague-Dawley rats were exposed to saline or BLM (1 mg/kg) by intratracheal instillation. At 1, 3, or 7 d postexposure, AM were isolated by bronchoalveolar (BAL) lavage and evaluated for apoptosis by ELISA. The release of cytochrome c from mitochrondria, the activation of caspase-3, -8, and -9, the cleavage of nuclear poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase (PARP), and the expression of TNF receptors (TNF-R1/p55 and TNF-R2/p75), TNF-R-associated factor 2 (TRAF2), and cellular inhibitor of apoptosis 1 (c-IAP1) were determined by immunoblotting. The results showed that BLM exposure induced AM apoptosis, with the highest apoptotic effect occurring at 1 d after exposure and gradually decreasing at 3 and 7 d postexposure, but still remaining significantly above the control level. The maximal translocation of cytochrome c from mitochondria into the cytosol was observed at 1 d postexposure, whereas the activation of caspase-9 and caspase-3 and caspase-3-dependent cleavage of PARP was found to reach a peak level at 3 d postexposure. BLM exposure had no marked effect on AM expression of TNF-R1 or caspase-8 activation, but significantly increased the expression of TNF-R2 that was accompanied by a rise in c-IAP1 and a decrease in TRAF2. This induction of TNF-R2 by BLM was significant on d 1 and increased with greater exposure time. In vitro studies showed that pretreatment of naive AM with a TNF-R2 antibody significantly inhibited BLM-induced caspase-3 activity and apoptosis. These results suggest that BLM-induced apoptosis involves multiple pathways in a time-dependent manner. Since maximal BLM-induced AM apoptosis (1 d postexposure) preceded maximal changes in caspase-9 and -3 (3 d postexposure), it is possible that a caspase-independent mechanism is involved in this initial response. These results indicate that the sustained expression of TNF-R2 in AM by BLM exposure may sensitize these cells to TNF- alpha -mediated toxicity. JF - Journal of Toxicology and Environmental Health, Part A: Current Issues AU - Zhao, H W AU - Hu, SY AU - Barger, M W AU - Ma, JKH AU - Castranova, V AU - Ma, JYC AD - PPRB/HELD, NIOSH, 1095 Willowdale Road, Morgantown, WV 26505-2888, USA, jym1@cdc.gov Y1 - 2004/09/10/ PY - 2004 DA - 2004 Sep 10 SP - 1391 EP - 1406 VL - 67 IS - 17 SN - 1528-7394, 1528-7394 KW - Toxicology Abstracts KW - Macrophages KW - Immunoblotting KW - Caspase-9 KW - Apoptosis KW - Mitochondria KW - Toxicity KW - TRAF2 protein KW - Bleomycin KW - Inflammation KW - Necrosis KW - Cytochrome c KW - Lung KW - Tumor necrosis factor-^a KW - Caspase-3 KW - Trachea KW - Drugs KW - Signal transduction KW - X 24115:Pathology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/18041991?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxicologyabstracts&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Toxicology+and+Environmental+Health%2C+Part+A%3A+Current+Issues&rft.atitle=Time-dependent+apoptosis+of+alveolar+macrophages+from+rats+exposed+to+bleomycin%3A+Involvement+of+TNF+receptor+2&rft.au=Zhao%2C+H+W%3BHu%2C+SY%3BBarger%2C+M+W%3BMa%2C+JKH%3BCastranova%2C+V%3BMa%2C+JYC&rft.aulast=Zhao&rft.aufirst=H&rft.date=2004-09-10&rft.volume=67&rft.issue=17&rft.spage=1391&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+Toxicology+and+Environmental+Health%2C+Part+A%3A+Current+Issues&rft.issn=15287394&rft_id=info:doi/10.1080%2F15287390490471569 LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Apoptosis; Caspase-3; Bleomycin; Macrophages; Cytochrome c; TRAF2 protein; Caspase-9; Lung; Drugs; Mitochondria; Tumor necrosis factor-^a; Toxicity; Trachea; Inflammation; Necrosis; Signal transduction; Immunoblotting DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/15287390490471569 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Suspension of rotavirus vaccine after reports of intussusception--United States, 1999. AN - 66843386; 15343145 AB - On July 16, 1999, CDC recommended that health-care providers suspend use of the licensed rhesus-human rotavirus reassortant-tetravalent vaccine (RRV-TV) (RotaShield, Wyeth Laboratories, Inc., Marietta, Pennsylvania) in response to 15 cases of intussusception (i.e., a bowel obstruction in which one segment of bowel becomes enfolded within another segment) among infants who received RRV-TV. The Vaccine Adverse Event Reporting System (VAERS) monitored for adverse events following licensure of RRV-TV on August 31, 1999. After the recommendation to suspend use of the vaccine, no additional cases were reported. This report describes the surveillance activities used to identify this vaccine adverse event, the emergency response, and follow-up investigations. Suspension of RRV-TV after the initial cases of intussusception parallels the removal of the Broad Street pump handle in response to John Snow's epidemiologic studies; both were decisive, life-saving public health actions. JF - MMWR. Morbidity and mortality weekly report AU - Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) AD - Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) Y1 - 2004/09/03/ PY - 2004 DA - 2004 Sep 03 SP - 786 EP - 789 VL - 53 IS - 34 KW - Rotavirus Vaccines KW - 0 KW - rhesus rotavirus vaccine KW - Index Medicus KW - Infant KW - Adverse Drug Reaction Reporting Systems KW - Humans KW - United States -- epidemiology KW - Child, Preschool KW - Public Health Practice KW - Rotavirus Vaccines -- adverse effects KW - Intussusception -- etiology KW - Intussusception -- epidemiology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/66843386?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=MMWR.+Morbidity+and+mortality+weekly+report&rft.atitle=Suspension+of+rotavirus+vaccine+after+reports+of+intussusception--United+States%2C+1999.&rft.au=Centers+for+Disease+Control+and+Prevention+%28CDC%29&rft.aulast=Centers+for+Disease+Control+and+Prevention+%28CDC%29&rft.aufirst=&rft.date=2004-09-03&rft.volume=53&rft.issue=34&rft.spage=786&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=MMWR.+Morbidity+and+mortality+weekly+report&rft.issn=1545-861X&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 2004-09-09 N1 - Date created - 2004-09-02 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - SuppNotes - Erratum In: MMWR Morb Mortal Wkly Rep. 2004 Sep 24;53(37):879 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Cholera epidemic associated with raw vegetables--Lusaka, Zambia, 2003-2004. AN - 66840510; 15343144 AB - Zambia experienced widespread cholera epidemics in 1991 (13,154 cases), 1992 (11,659), and 1999 (11,327). In response to the large outbreak in 1999, the Zambian Ministry of Health (ZMOH) urged use of in-home chlorination with the locally produced solution, Clorin, and the practice increased substantially Clorin had been introduced in Zambia in 1998 as part of the Safe Water System (SWS), a point-of-use water disinfection and safe-water storage strategy launched by the Society for Family Health, in partnership with ZMOH, the U.S. Agency for International Development, and CDC. Although no outbreaks were reported during 2000-2002, cholera remained endemic. Epidemic cholera returned to Zambia in November 2003, when cases of toxigenic Vibrio cholerae O1, serotype Ogawa, biotype El Tor were confirmed in the capital city, Lusaka. During November 28, 2003-January 4, 2004, an estimated 2,529 cholera cases and 128 cholera deaths (case-fatality rate [CFR] = 5.1%) occurred in Lusaka. In February 2004, the Lusaka District Health Management Team (LDHMT) invited CDC to assist in an investigation of the epidemic. This report summarizes the results of that investigation, which implicated foodborne transmission via raw vegetables and demonstrated a protective role for hand washing with soap. The results underscore the importance of hygiene, clean water, and sanitary food handling for cholera prevention. JF - MMWR. Morbidity and mortality weekly report AU - Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) AD - Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) Y1 - 2004/09/03/ PY - 2004 DA - 2004 Sep 03 SP - 783 EP - 786 VL - 53 IS - 34 KW - Index Medicus KW - Humans KW - Adult KW - Food Handling KW - Aged KW - Middle Aged KW - Child KW - Disease Outbreaks KW - Adolescent KW - Zambia -- epidemiology KW - Male KW - Female KW - Child, Preschool KW - Vegetables -- microbiology KW - Cholera -- transmission KW - Cholera -- epidemiology KW - Cholera -- prevention & control UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/66840510?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=MMWR.+Morbidity+and+mortality+weekly+report&rft.atitle=Cholera+epidemic+associated+with+raw+vegetables--Lusaka%2C+Zambia%2C+2003-2004.&rft.au=Centers+for+Disease+Control+and+Prevention+%28CDC%29&rft.aulast=Centers+for+Disease+Control+and+Prevention+%28CDC%29&rft.aufirst=&rft.date=2004-09-03&rft.volume=53&rft.issue=34&rft.spage=783&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=MMWR.+Morbidity+and+mortality+weekly+report&rft.issn=1545-861X&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 2004-09-09 N1 - Date created - 2004-09-02 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Outbreak of aflatoxin poisoning--eastern and central provinces, Kenya, January-July 2004. AN - 66839328; 15343146 AB - In May 2004, CDC Kenya, trainees of the CDC-supported Field Epidemiology and Laboratory Training Program (FELTP) in Kenya, the World Health Organization, and CDC were invited by the Kenya Ministry of Health (KMOH) to participate in the investigation of an outbreak of jaundice with a high case-fatality rate (CFR) in the districts of Makueni and Kitui, Eastern Province. Preliminary laboratory testing of food collected from the affected area revealed high levels of aflatoxin, suggesting that the outbreak was caused by aflatoxin poisoning, as was a previous outbreak in the same area in 1981. In the United States, aflatoxin concentrations are limited to 20 parts per billion (ppb), a level also adopted by Kenyan authorities. The 2004 outbreak resulted from widespread aflatoxin contamination of locally grown maize, which occurred during storage of the maize under damp conditions. Urgent replacement of the aflatoxin-contaminated maize with noncontaminated maize proved to be a critical intervention; however, as of July 21, a limited number of new cases continued to be detected. This report summarizes the preliminary results of the outbreak investigation. Aflatoxin poisoning likely will continue to be a public health problem until culturally appropriate storage methods for dry maize are implemented by the local population. In addition, enhanced surveillance for human aflatoxin poisoning and testing of commercially sold maize for aflatoxin levels will lead to long-term improvements in public health. JF - MMWR. Morbidity and mortality weekly report AU - Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) AD - Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) Y1 - 2004/09/03/ PY - 2004 DA - 2004 Sep 03 SP - 790 EP - 793 VL - 53 IS - 34 KW - Aflatoxins KW - 0 KW - Index Medicus KW - Foodborne Diseases -- epidemiology KW - Zea mays KW - Humans KW - Child KW - Disease Outbreaks KW - Adolescent KW - Male KW - Kenya -- epidemiology KW - Food Preservation KW - Female KW - Population Surveillance KW - Child, Preschool KW - Aflatoxins -- poisoning UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/66839328?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=MMWR.+Morbidity+and+mortality+weekly+report&rft.atitle=Outbreak+of+aflatoxin+poisoning--eastern+and+central+provinces%2C+Kenya%2C+January-July+2004.&rft.au=Centers+for+Disease+Control+and+Prevention+%28CDC%29&rft.aulast=Centers+for+Disease+Control+and+Prevention+%28CDC%29&rft.aufirst=&rft.date=2004-09-03&rft.volume=53&rft.issue=34&rft.spage=790&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=MMWR.+Morbidity+and+mortality+weekly+report&rft.issn=1545-861X&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 2004-09-09 N1 - Date created - 2004-09-02 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - AIDS-defining cancers in Western Europe, 1994-2001. AN - 67201716; 15630770 AB - To determine the recent trends in AIDS-defining cancers in Western Europe, we analyzed the June 2002 European Non-Aggregate AIDS Data Set. We obtained the percentage of people with AIDS aged 15 years or older (n = 125,691; males, 99,560, females, 26,131) who had cancers as the initial AIDS-defining illness in 17 European countries. Overall, from 1994 through 2001, declines were noted in the number of people with AIDS (25,324 to 8929), the proportion of people with AIDS who were homosexual/bisexuals (38.8% to 26.6%) or intravenous drug users (male, 41.7% to 34.8%; female, 50.2% to 26.4%). Among males, between 1994 and 2001, the percentage with any AIDS-defining, cancers declined (14.4% to 13.1%, p for trend = 0.091) because of a decline in Kaposi's sarcoma (KS; 10.7% to 7.9%) mostly among homosexual/bisexual men (22.7% to 18.8%) (p for trends < 0.05). Between 1994 and 2001, the percentage of males with all types of lymphomas increased (3.8% to 5.2%, p for trend = 0.012). Among females, AIDS-defining cancers increased (7.3% to 8.5%) due to increase in lymphomas (all types, 2.6% to 4.0%) (p for trend = 0.05). Cervical cancer remained the most common cancer among females, the percentage of which declined between 1994 and 2001 (2.8% to 2.0%, p for trend = 0.37) mostly among women who were 15 to 29 years old, most of whom acquired HIV heterosexually. In summary, declines were noted for the two leading AIDS-defining cancers at initial AIDS diagnosis among certain population groups. KS declined among men who had sexually transmitted HIV infection. Cervical cancer declined among young females and heterosexuals. JF - AIDS patient care and STDs AU - Ebrahim, Shahul H AU - Abdullah, A S M AU - McKenna, Matthew AU - Hamers, Francoise F AD - National Center for HIV/AIDS, STD, TB Prevention, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia 30333, USA. Sbe2@cdc.gov Y1 - 2004/09// PY - 2004 DA - September 2004 SP - 501 EP - 508 VL - 18 IS - 9 SN - 1087-2914, 1087-2914 KW - AIDS/HIV KW - Risk Factors KW - Humans KW - Adult KW - Antiretroviral Therapy, Highly Active KW - Europe -- epidemiology KW - Adolescent KW - Sex Distribution KW - Male KW - Female KW - Age Distribution KW - Homosexuality, Male KW - Lymphoma -- epidemiology KW - Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome -- epidemiology KW - Uterine Cervical Neoplasms -- epidemiology KW - Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome -- transmission KW - Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome -- drug therapy KW - Sarcoma, Kaposi -- epidemiology KW - AIDS-Related Opportunistic Infections -- epidemiology KW - Substance Abuse, Intravenous UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/67201716?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=AIDS+patient+care+and+STDs&rft.atitle=AIDS-defining+cancers+in+Western+Europe%2C+1994-2001.&rft.au=Ebrahim%2C+Shahul+H%3BAbdullah%2C+A+S+M%3BMcKenna%2C+Matthew%3BHamers%2C+Francoise+F&rft.aulast=Ebrahim&rft.aufirst=Shahul&rft.date=2004-09-01&rft.volume=18&rft.issue=9&rft.spage=501&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=AIDS+patient+care+and+STDs&rft.issn=10872914&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 2005-01-18 N1 - Date created - 2004-12-29 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Foodborne botulism in the United States, 1990-2000. AN - 66998634; 15498163 AB - Foodborne botulism, a potentially lethal neuroparalytic disease, is caused by ingesting preformed Clostridium botulinum neurotoxin. We reviewed surveillance data and reports from 1990 to 2000. Of 263 cases from 160 foodborne botulism events (episode of one or more related cases) in the United States, 103 (39%) cases and 58 events occurred in Alaska. Patients' median age was 48 years; 154 (59%) were female; the case-fatality rate was 4%. The median number of cases per event was 1 (range 1-17). Toxin type A caused 51% of all cases; toxin type E caused 90% of Alaska cases. A particular food was implicated in 126 (79%) events. In the lower 49 states, a noncommercial food item was implicated in 70 (91%) events, most commonly home-canned vegetables (44%). Two restaurant-associated outbreaks affected 25 persons. All Alaska cases were attributable to traditional Alaska Native foods. Botulism prevention efforts should be focused on those who preserve food at home, Alaska Natives, and restaurant workers. JF - Emerging infectious diseases AU - Sobel, Jeremy AU - Tucker, Nicole AU - Sulka, Alana AU - McLaughlin, Joseph AU - Maslanka, Susan AD - Foodborne and Diarrheal Diseases Branch, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia 30333, USA. jsobel@cdc.gov Y1 - 2004/09// PY - 2004 DA - September 2004 SP - 1606 EP - 1611 VL - 10 IS - 9 SN - 1080-6040, 1080-6040 KW - Botulinum Toxins KW - EC 3.4.24.69 KW - Index Medicus KW - Humans KW - Food Handling KW - Aged KW - Child KW - Disease Outbreaks KW - Food Preservation KW - Child, Preschool KW - Food Microbiology KW - Aged, 80 and over KW - Adult KW - Food Contamination KW - Middle Aged KW - Adolescent KW - United States -- epidemiology KW - Male KW - Female KW - Botulism -- epidemiology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/66998634?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Emerging+infectious+diseases&rft.atitle=Foodborne+botulism+in+the+United+States%2C+1990-2000.&rft.au=Sobel%2C+Jeremy%3BTucker%2C+Nicole%3BSulka%2C+Alana%3BMcLaughlin%2C+Joseph%3BMaslanka%2C+Susan&rft.aulast=Sobel&rft.aufirst=Jeremy&rft.date=2004-09-01&rft.volume=10&rft.issue=9&rft.spage=1606&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Emerging+infectious+diseases&rft.issn=10806040&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 2004-12-08 N1 - Date created - 2004-10-22 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - SuppNotes - Cited By: Am J Public Health. 1990 Nov;80(11):1372-3 [2240308] J Clin Microbiol. 1988 May;26(5):1052-4 [3290234] J Clin Microbiol. 1991 Nov;29(11):2618-20 [1774272] MMWR Morb Mortal Wkly Rep. 1992 Jul 24;41(29):521-2 [1630429] J Infect Dis. 1993 Feb;167(2):451-4 [8421179] Ann Intern Med. 1996 Oct 1;125(7):558-63 [8815754] J Infect Dis. 1998 Jul;178(1):172-7 [9652437] Ann Intern Med. 1998 Aug 1;129(3):221-8 [9696731] Acta Pathol Microbiol Scand. 1960;48:80 [14423425] Clin Infect Dis. 2000 Oct;31(4):1018-24 [11049786] JAMA. 2001 Feb 28;285(8):1059-70 [11209178] MMWR Morb Mortal Wkly Rep. 2001 Aug 17;50(32):680-2 [11785568] Am J Epidemiol. 1971 Feb;93(2):93-101 [4925448] Am J Med. 1984 May;76(5):794-8 [6720725] MMWR Morb Mortal Wkly Rep. 1985 Sep 6;34(35):546-7 [3927146] Am J Epidemiol. 1986 Nov;124(5):794-9 [3766512] J Infect Dis. 1988 Jun;157(6):1158-62 [3373020] MMWR Morb Mortal Wkly Rep. 1991 Jun 21;40(24):412-4 [2046648] N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Foodborne botulism in the Republic of Georgia. AN - 66997946; 15498162 AB - Foodborne botulism is a potentially fatal, paralytic illness that can cause large outbreaks. A possible increase in botulism incidence during 2001 in the Republic of Georgia prompted this study. We reviewed surveillance data and abstracted records of patients with botulism who were hospitalized from 1980 to 2002. During this period, 879 botulism cases were detected. The median annual incidence increased from 0.3 per 100,000 during 1980 to 1990 to 0.9 per 100,000 during 1991 to 2002. For 706 botulism patients hospitalized from 1980 to 2002, 80% of their cases were attributed to home-preserved vegetables. Surveillance evaluation verified that botulism incidence varied greatly by region. Georgia has the highest nationally reported rate of foodborne botulism in the world. A strategy addressing individual behaviors in the home is needed to improve food safety; developing this strategy requires a deeper understanding of why botulism has increased and varies by region. JF - Emerging infectious diseases AU - Varma, Jay K AU - Katsitadze, Guram AU - Moiscrafishvili, Maia AU - Zardiashvili, Tamar AU - Chikheli, Maia AU - Tarkashvili, Natalia AU - Jhorjholiani, Ekaterina AU - Chubinidze, Maia AU - Kukhalashvili, Teimuraz AU - Khmaladze, Irakli AU - Chakvetadze, Nelli AU - Imnadze, Paata AU - Sobel, Jeremy AD - Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia, USA. jvarma@cdc.gov Y1 - 2004/09// PY - 2004 DA - September 2004 SP - 1601 EP - 1605 VL - 10 IS - 9 SN - 1080-6040, 1080-6040 KW - Index Medicus KW - Medical Records KW - Humans KW - Retrospective Studies KW - Aged KW - Child KW - Disease Outbreaks KW - Population Surveillance -- methods KW - Food Preservation KW - Infant KW - Aged, 80 and over KW - Adult KW - Middle Aged KW - Adolescent KW - Female KW - Georgia (Republic) -- epidemiology KW - Male KW - Botulism -- etiology KW - Food Contamination KW - Botulism -- epidemiology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/66997946?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Emerging+infectious+diseases&rft.atitle=Foodborne+botulism+in+the+Republic+of+Georgia.&rft.au=Varma%2C+Jay+K%3BKatsitadze%2C+Guram%3BMoiscrafishvili%2C+Maia%3BZardiashvili%2C+Tamar%3BChikheli%2C+Maia%3BTarkashvili%2C+Natalia%3BJhorjholiani%2C+Ekaterina%3BChubinidze%2C+Maia%3BKukhalashvili%2C+Teimuraz%3BKhmaladze%2C+Irakli%3BChakvetadze%2C+Nelli%3BImnadze%2C+Paata%3BSobel%2C+Jeremy&rft.aulast=Varma&rft.aufirst=Jay&rft.date=2004-09-01&rft.volume=10&rft.issue=9&rft.spage=1601&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Emerging+infectious+diseases&rft.issn=10806040&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 2004-12-08 N1 - Date created - 2004-10-22 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - SuppNotes - Cited By: J Infect Dis. 2000 Feb;181 Suppl 1:S80-5 [10657196] JAMA. 2001 Feb 28;285(8):1059-70 [11209178] JAMA. 2002 Feb 27;287(8):1043-9 [11866656] Muscle Nerve. 1998 Jun;21(6):701-10 [9585323] Clin Infect Dis. 2004 Aug 1;39(3):357-62 [15307002] JAMA. 1997 Aug 6;278(5):433-5 [9244338] Am J Trop Med Hyg. 2002 Dec;67(6):623-31 [12518853] N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Persistence of inconsistent condom use: relation to abuse history and HIV serostatus. AN - 66943612; 15475680 AB - This study longitudinally examines the relation between a history of experiencing childhood and adult physical or sexual abuse, and male condom use by women with or at risk for HIV. Abuse history and prospective condom use data were collected from 214 HIV infected and 189 uninfected women participating in the HIV Epidemiology Research Study (HERS) who were inconsistent condom users at baseline and received two safer sex counseling sessions. Analyses were conducted to assess the association between abuse history and condom use while controlling for sociodemographic variables and other risk factors. HIV-uninfected women with a history of adult physical abuse were five times less likely to report consistent condom use at 1-year follow-up than uninfected women without a history of abuse while holding control variables constant. Expectations of a negative reaction by the partner to suggested condom use did not explain this association. Though in the same direction as in uninfected women, abuse history was not significantly related to consistent condom use among HIV-infected women. These data indicate the need to develop risk prevention strategies tailored to uninfected women with a history of adult abuse. In lieu of specialized interventions, health care providers should assess women's abuse history and supplement HIV prevention counseling with mental health counseling when indicated. JF - AIDS and behavior AU - Hamburger, Merle E AU - Moore, Jan AU - Koenig, Linda J AU - Vlahov, David AU - Schoenbaum, Ellie E AU - Schuman, Paula AU - Mayer, Kenneth AU - HIV Epidemiology Research Study Group AD - Division of HIV/AIDS Prevention, Surveillance and Epidemiology, National Center for HIV, STD, and TB Prevention, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia 30333, USA. mhamburger@cdc.gov ; HIV Epidemiology Research Study Group Y1 - 2004/09// PY - 2004 DA - September 2004 SP - 333 EP - 344 VL - 8 IS - 3 SN - 1090-7165, 1090-7165 KW - Crack Cocaine KW - 0 KW - Index Medicus KW - Humans KW - Cocaine-Related Disorders -- psychology KW - Child KW - Cocaine-Related Disorders -- epidemiology KW - Sexual Partners -- psychology KW - Longitudinal Studies KW - Likelihood Functions KW - Sex Counseling KW - Adult KW - Cohort Studies KW - Health Knowledge, Attitudes, Practice KW - Middle Aged KW - Statistics as Topic KW - Adolescent KW - Female KW - Condoms -- utilization KW - Child Abuse, Sexual -- psychology KW - Rape -- psychology KW - Child Abuse -- psychology KW - Rape -- statistics & numerical data KW - Child Abuse -- statistics & numerical data KW - Unsafe Sex -- statistics & numerical data KW - Child Abuse, Sexual -- statistics & numerical data KW - Spouse Abuse -- statistics & numerical data KW - HIV Seropositivity -- epidemiology KW - Spouse Abuse -- psychology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/66943612?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=AIDS+and+behavior&rft.atitle=Persistence+of+inconsistent+condom+use%3A+relation+to+abuse+history+and+HIV+serostatus.&rft.au=Hamburger%2C+Merle+E%3BMoore%2C+Jan%3BKoenig%2C+Linda+J%3BVlahov%2C+David%3BSchoenbaum%2C+Ellie+E%3BSchuman%2C+Paula%3BMayer%2C+Kenneth%3BHIV+Epidemiology+Research+Study+Group&rft.aulast=Hamburger&rft.aufirst=Merle&rft.date=2004-09-01&rft.volume=8&rft.issue=3&rft.spage=333&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=AIDS+and+behavior&rft.issn=10907165&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 2005-01-28 N1 - Date created - 2004-10-11 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Self-reported flight hours vs. company records for epidemiologic studies of flight attendants. AN - 66932262; 15460634 AB - Although there is increased interest in health effects studies of aircrew members, the differences between self-reported work history and company records, including effects on exposure assessment, are poorly characterized. We collected both self-reported work history and company records as part of a National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health biomonitoring study of reproductive hormones in 45 female flight attendants. These two sources of work history information were compared to identify differences which might impact the assessment of work exposures. There appeared to be consistent overreporting of self-reported block time and number of flight segments compared with company record-based estimates. Overreporting in turn inflated the assessment of two important exposures: cosmic ionizing radiation estimated dose and time zones crossed. Factors including domicile, block hours per year of work, and length of employment affected the amount and direction of overreporting. Comparison to compensated credit hours, including nonflight hours, did not fully account for the overreporting. Self-report of block time may or may not include compensated nonflight hours, resulting in differences when compared to company records. Exposure bias is likely to result if the complexities of self-report are not considered when writing questionnaires. Aircrew members should be asked for additional occupational information, and a comparison of self-report block time to a sample of company records should be considered prior to exposure assessment and epidemiologic analysis. JF - Aviation, space, and environmental medicine AU - Grajewski, Barbara AU - Atkins, Debra J AU - Whelan, Elizabeth A AD - National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, 4676 Columbia Parkway, Cincinnati, OH 45226, USA. bag2@cdc.gov Y1 - 2004/09// PY - 2004 DA - September 2004 SP - 806 EP - 810 VL - 75 IS - 9 SN - 0095-6562, 0095-6562 KW - Index Medicus KW - Space life sciences KW - Health Physics KW - Reproduction -- radiation effects KW - Humans KW - Adult KW - Surveys and Questionnaires KW - Interviews as Topic KW - Mental Recall KW - United States -- epidemiology KW - Time Factors KW - National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (U.S.) KW - Female KW - Cosmic Radiation -- adverse effects KW - Occupational Exposure -- statistics & numerical data KW - Aviation KW - Self Disclosure KW - Medical Records KW - Aerospace Medicine KW - Occupational Exposure -- adverse effects KW - Occupational Exposure -- analysis UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/66932262?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Aviation%2C+space%2C+and+environmental+medicine&rft.atitle=Self-reported+flight+hours+vs.+company+records+for+epidemiologic+studies+of+flight+attendants.&rft.au=Grajewski%2C+Barbara%3BAtkins%2C+Debra+J%3BWhelan%2C+Elizabeth+A&rft.aulast=Grajewski&rft.aufirst=Barbara&rft.date=2004-09-01&rft.volume=75&rft.issue=9&rft.spage=806&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Aviation%2C+space%2C+and+environmental+medicine&rft.issn=00956562&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 2004-12-21 N1 - Date created - 2004-10-05 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Fatal and nonfatal unintentional injuries in adult women, United States. AN - 66908131; 15385069 AB - Although we know that injury death rates are lower for women than for men at all ages, we still have a long way to go in exploring the impact of unintentional injuries on women's lives. This paper reviews the leading causes of unintentional injury death and nonfatal injuries for adult women. It also explores selected activities of the Division of Unintentional Injury Prevention (CDC's National Center for Injury Prevention). Data come from the Web-based Injury Statistics Query and Reporting System (WISQARS). Mortality data for the system come from the National Center for Health Statistics (CDC's annual mortality data files). Nonfatal injury data for the system come from the National Electronic Injury Surveillance System (NEISS). Unintentional injuries are the leading cause of death for women ages 18-34 and the eighth leading cause of death for adult women overall. In 2001, 31,400 adult women died as a result of unintentional injuries. Incidents related to motor vehicle traffic were the leading cause of unintentional injury death for women aged 18-74 years. Falls were the leading cause of unintentional injury deaths among women aged 75 years and older. In 2002, unintentional injuries accounted for over 8.6 million emergency department visits for adult women. The leading cause of nonfatal unintentional injury for adult women aged 25 years and older was fall related. Unintentional injury creates an enormous burden on the lives of women. Moving forward in reducing the burden of unintentional injury requires assessing and understanding the impact of these injuries on the lives of women. Further work is needed to develop a strong context and framework for research and dissemination. JF - Journal of women's health (2002) AU - Mack, Karin A AD - Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, National Center for Injury Prevention and Control, Division of Unintentional Injury Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia 30341, USA. kmack@cdc.gov Y1 - 2004/09// PY - 2004 DA - September 2004 SP - 754 EP - 763 VL - 13 IS - 7 SN - 1540-9996, 1540-9996 KW - Index Medicus KW - Drowning -- epidemiology KW - Humans KW - Poisoning -- epidemiology KW - Aged KW - Population Surveillance KW - Age Distribution KW - Burns -- epidemiology KW - Accidents, Traffic -- statistics & numerical data KW - Aged, 80 and over KW - Risk Factors KW - Accidental Falls -- statistics & numerical data KW - Adult KW - Middle Aged KW - United States -- epidemiology KW - Female KW - Wounds and Injuries -- epidemiology KW - Women's Health KW - Wounds and Injuries -- mortality UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/66908131?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+women%27s+health+%282002%29&rft.atitle=Fatal+and+nonfatal+unintentional+injuries+in+adult+women%2C+United+States.&rft.au=Mack%2C+Karin+A&rft.aulast=Mack&rft.aufirst=Karin&rft.date=2004-09-01&rft.volume=13&rft.issue=7&rft.spage=754&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+women%27s+health+%282002%29&rft.issn=15409996&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 2005-01-13 N1 - Date created - 2004-09-23 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Vagococcus carniphilus sp. nov., isolated from ground beef. AN - 66905877; 15388702 AB - Nine enterococcus-like strains were referred to the Streptococcus Laboratory at the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) for further identification from the National Antimicrobial Resistance Monitoring System Laboratory at the CDC. The cultures were isolated from ground beef purchased from retail in Oregon in 2000. Conventional biochemical testing and analysis of whole-cell protein electrophoretic profiles distinguished these strains from known species of enterococci and vagococci. Comparative 16S rRNA gene sequencing studies revealed that these strains were most closely related to the species Vagococcus fluvialis. DNA-DNA reassociation studies confirmed that these nine strains represented a new taxon. The relative binding ratio was 87 % or greater at the optimal temperature, and the divergence was less than 1 % for strains hybridized against the isolate designated the type strain. DNA-DNA relatedness was 25 % to V. fluvialis and 9 % or less to the other three species of Vagococcus. DNA-DNA relatedness was 33 % or less to the 25 currently described species of Enterococcus. On the basis of this evidence, it is proposed that these strains be classified as Vagococcus carniphilus sp. nov. The type strain of V. carniphilus is 1843-02T (= ATCC BAA-640T = CCUG 46823T). The clinical significance (if any) of these strains is yet to be determined. JF - International journal of systematic and evolutionary microbiology AU - Shewmaker, P Lynn AU - Steigerwalt, Arnold G AU - Morey, Roger E AU - Carvalho, Maria da Glória S AU - Elliott, John A AU - Joyce, Kevin AU - Barrett, Timothy J AU - Teixeira, Lucia M AU - Facklam, Richard R AD - Division of Bacterial and Mycotic Diseases, National Center for Infectious Diseases, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA 30333, USA. paw3@cdc.gov Y1 - 2004/09// PY - 2004 DA - September 2004 SP - 1505 EP - 1510 VL - 54 SN - 1466-5026, 1466-5026 KW - Bacterial Proteins KW - 0 KW - DNA, Bacterial KW - DNA, Ribosomal KW - Esters KW - Oligopeptides KW - Proteome KW - RNA, Bacterial KW - RNA, Ribosomal, 16S KW - bacillibactin KW - Index Medicus KW - Phylogeny KW - Animals KW - DNA, Ribosomal -- isolation & purification KW - RNA, Ribosomal, 16S -- genetics KW - Electrophoresis, Polyacrylamide Gel KW - Enterococcus -- classification KW - DNA, Bacterial -- isolation & purification KW - DNA, Ribosomal -- chemistry KW - Bacterial Proteins -- isolation & purification KW - RNA, Bacterial -- genetics KW - Nucleic Acid Hybridization KW - Sequence Analysis, DNA KW - Bacterial Typing Techniques KW - Genes, rRNA KW - Oregon KW - Proteome -- isolation & purification KW - Cattle KW - Food Microbiology KW - DNA, Bacterial -- chemistry KW - Molecular Sequence Data KW - Bacterial Proteins -- analysis KW - Proteome -- analysis KW - Gram-Positive Bacteria -- classification KW - Meat -- microbiology KW - Gram-Positive Bacteria -- genetics KW - Gram-Positive Bacteria -- isolation & purification UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/66905877?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=International+journal+of+systematic+and+evolutionary+microbiology&rft.atitle=Vagococcus+carniphilus+sp.+nov.%2C+isolated+from+ground+beef.&rft.au=Shewmaker%2C+P+Lynn%3BSteigerwalt%2C+Arnold+G%3BMorey%2C+Roger+E%3BCarvalho%2C+Maria+da+Gl%C3%B3ria+S%3BElliott%2C+John+A%3BJoyce%2C+Kevin%3BBarrett%2C+Timothy+J%3BTeixeira%2C+Lucia+M%3BFacklam%2C+Richard+R&rft.aulast=Shewmaker&rft.aufirst=P&rft.date=2004-09-01&rft.volume=54&rft.issue=&rft.spage=1505&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=International+journal+of+systematic+and+evolutionary+microbiology&rft.issn=14665026&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 2005-02-22 N1 - Date created - 2004-09-24 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Genetic sequence - AY179329; GENBANK N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Implications of chemical mixtures in public health practice. AN - 66880250; 15371239 AB - The Agency for Toxic Substances and Disease Registry (ATSDR) is a federal public health agency that investigates and strives to prevent human health problems produced by exposure to toxic chemicals and their mixtures in the environment. Most human exposures involving toxic chemicals or mixtures are thought to originate from environmental and occupational sources; however, concurrent exposures are also likely from other sources, such as prescription and nonprescription drugs, indoor air pollutants, alcohol, and tobacco smoke. Thus, in evaluating the potential hazard following exposure to environmental mixtures, ATSDR not only considers the inherent joint toxicity of the mixture but also the influence of environmental, demographic, occupational, and lifestyle factors. To foster these goals, ATSDR has pursued a Mixtures Research and Assessment Program that consists of three component efforts: trend analysis, joint toxicity assessment, and experimental testing. Through trend analysis, ATSDR sets priorities for environmental mixtures of concern for which joint toxicity assessments are conducted as needed. If data are not available to conduct appropriate assessments, a research agenda is pursued through established extramural mechanisms. Ultimately, the data generated are used to support ATSDR's work at sites involving exposure to chemical mixtures. This pragmatic approach allows testable hypotheses or research needs to be identified and resolved and enhances our understanding of the mechanisms of joint toxicity. Several collaborative and cooperative efforts with national and international organizations such as the Toxicology and Nutrition Office, the Netherlands, and the Department of Energy are being pursued as part of these activities. ATSDR also develops guidance manuals to consistently and accurately apply current methodologies for the joint toxicity assessment of chemicals. Further, expert panels often are assembled to resolve outstanding scientific issues or obtain expert advice on pertinent issues. Recently, the need for studies on chemical mixtures has been proposed as one of the six priority areas the agency identified in its agenda for public health environmental research. This has been reinforced through the agency's close work with communities whose leaders have spoken passionately about their concern for information on exposures to chemical mixtures. The five other priority research areas the agency identified are exposure, susceptible populations, communities and tribal involvement, evaluation/surveillance of health effects, and health promotion/prevention. JF - Journal of toxicology and environmental health. Part B, Critical reviews AU - de Rosa, C T AU - El-Masri, H A AU - Pohl, H AU - Cibulas, W AU - Mumtaz, M M AD - Division of Toxicology, Agency for Toxic Substances and Disease Registry, U.S. Department of Health and Human Services Atlanta, Georgia 30333, USA. cyd0@cdc.gov PY - 2004 SP - 339 EP - 350 VL - 7 IS - 5 SN - 1093-7404, 1093-7404 KW - Complex Mixtures KW - 0 KW - Environmental Pollutants KW - Index Medicus KW - United States KW - Research -- organization & administration KW - Cooperative Behavior KW - Drug Interactions KW - Humans KW - Interinstitutional Relations KW - Algorithms KW - Organizational Objectives KW - Needs Assessment KW - Risk Assessment KW - Environmental Monitoring KW - Peer Review, Research KW - International Cooperation KW - Decision Trees KW - Data Interpretation, Statistical KW - Data Collection KW - Environmental Exposure -- adverse effects KW - Environmental Exposure -- prevention & control KW - Registries KW - Environmental Pollutants -- toxicity KW - Environmental Health KW - Public Health Practice KW - United States Public Health Service -- organization & administration KW - Complex Mixtures -- toxicity UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/66880250?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+toxicology+and+environmental+health.+Part+B%2C+Critical+reviews&rft.atitle=Implications+of+chemical+mixtures+in+public+health+practice.&rft.au=de+Rosa%2C+C+T%3BEl-Masri%2C+H+A%3BPohl%2C+H%3BCibulas%2C+W%3BMumtaz%2C+M+M&rft.aulast=de+Rosa&rft.aufirst=C&rft.date=2004-09-01&rft.volume=7&rft.issue=5&rft.spage=339&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+toxicology+and+environmental+health.+Part+B%2C+Critical+reviews&rft.issn=10937404&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 2004-09-30 N1 - Date created - 2004-09-16 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Comparison of disseminated and nondisseminated strains of Borrelia burgdorferi sensu stricto in mice naturally infected by tick bite. AN - 66800385; 15322021 AB - Clinical isolates of Borrelia burgdorferi sensu stricto have been categorized into disseminated and nondisseminated groups based on distinct ribosomal spacer restriction fragment length polymorphism genotypes (RSTs). In order to determine whether transmission by tick bite would alter the dissemination dynamics and disease produced by distinct genotypes, disseminated isolates (RST1), nondisseminated isolates (RST3), and a standard laboratory strain (B-31) were established in a murine cycle utilizing infections transmitted by ticks. B-31 spirochetes circulated in the blood of inbred C3H/HeJ mice longer than in the blood of outbred mice. The majority of C3H mice exposed to RST1-infected ticks contained cultivable spirochetes in their blood for up to 17 days; in contrast, mice exposed to RST3 isolates demonstrated a precipitous decline in infection after day 7 postexposure. A quantitative PCR (q-PCR) assay demonstrated that the densities of spirochetes in blood were similar for the RST1 and RST3 isolates, except during the 2nd week postexposure, when the RST1 isolates displayed a markedly higher density in blood. Spirochete load in the heart and bladder of infected mice was measured by q-PCR at 8 weeks postexposure; the numbers of spirochetes in these tissues were similar for mice infected with either disseminated or nondisseminated strains. Similarly, histopathology samples of heart, bladder, and joint tissue obtained at 8 weeks postexposure did not reveal greater pathology in mice infected with the disseminated isolates. We conclude that although the spirochetemia induced by tick-transmitted disseminated isolates was more intense and of longer duration than that induced by nondisseminated isolates, the resultant pathologies produced by these strains were ultimately similar. JF - Infection and immunity AU - Dolan, Marc C AU - Piesman, Joseph AU - Schneider, Bradley S AU - Schriefer, Martin AU - Brandt, Kevin AU - Zeidner, Nordin S AD - Division of Vector-Borne Infectious Diseases, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, P.O. Box 2087, Rampart Rd., Foothills Campus, Fort Collins, CO 80522, USA. mcd4@cdc.gov Y1 - 2004/09// PY - 2004 DA - September 2004 SP - 5262 EP - 5266 VL - 72 IS - 9 SN - 0019-9567, 0019-9567 KW - Culture Media KW - 0 KW - Index Medicus KW - Joints -- microbiology KW - Animals KW - Tick Infestations KW - Arachnid Vectors -- physiology KW - Arachnid Vectors -- microbiology KW - Humans KW - Urinary Bladder -- microbiology KW - Mice, Inbred C3H KW - Heart -- microbiology KW - Mice KW - Female KW - Lyme Disease -- microbiology KW - Blood -- microbiology KW - Borrelia burgdorferi -- physiology KW - Lyme Disease -- transmission KW - Ixodes -- microbiology KW - Bites and Stings KW - Borrelia burgdorferi -- isolation & purification KW - Borrelia burgdorferi -- classification KW - Ixodes -- physiology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/66800385?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Infection+and+immunity&rft.atitle=Comparison+of+disseminated+and+nondisseminated+strains+of+Borrelia+burgdorferi+sensu+stricto+in+mice+naturally+infected+by+tick+bite.&rft.au=Dolan%2C+Marc+C%3BPiesman%2C+Joseph%3BSchneider%2C+Bradley+S%3BSchriefer%2C+Martin%3BBrandt%2C+Kevin%3BZeidner%2C+Nordin+S&rft.aulast=Dolan&rft.aufirst=Marc&rft.date=2004-09-01&rft.volume=72&rft.issue=9&rft.spage=5262&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Infection+and+immunity&rft.issn=00199567&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 2004-09-24 N1 - Date created - 2004-08-23 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - SuppNotes - Cited By: Dermatol Clin. 1995 Jul;13(3):537-51 [7554502] J Clin Microbiol. 1995 Mar;33(3):589-95 [7751362] J Infect Dis. 1997 Jan;175(1):98-107 [8985202] J Med Entomol. 1997 Mar;34(2):128-35 [9103755] Int J Syst Bacteriol. 1997 Oct;47(4):1112-7 [9336916] Eur J Immunol. 1997 Nov;27(11):2942-7 [9394822] J Clin Microbiol. 1999 Mar;37(3):565-9 [9986813] Infect Immun. 1999 Jul;67(7):3518-24 [10377134] J Infect Dis. 1999 Sep;180(3):720-5 [10438360] Int J Syst Bacteriol. 1994 Oct;44(4):743-52 [7981102] J Infect Dis. 2002 Sep 15;186(6):782-91 [12198612] J Bacteriol. 2003 Feb;185(4):1346-56 [12562805] Vector Borne Zoonotic Dis. 2001 Spring;1(1):35-44 [12653134] Vector Borne Zoonotic Dis. 2002 Winter;2(4):249-54 [12804166] J Clin Microbiol. 2000 Jan;38(1):382-8 [10618120] Res Microbiol. 2001 Mar;152(2):149-56 [11316368] Infect Immun. 2001 Jul;69(7):4303-12 [11401967] J Clin Microbiol. 2001 Aug;39(8):2954-7 [11474020] J Immunol. 2002 Jan 1;168(1):348-55 [11751980] MMWR Morb Mortal Wkly Rep. 2002 Jan 18;51(2):29-31 [11820527] Genetics. 2002 Mar;160(3):833-49 [11901105] N Engl J Med. 1989 Aug 31;321(9):586-96 [2668764] J Clin Microbiol. 1989 Aug;27(8):1723-7 [2768461] J Infect Dis. 1990 Jul;162(1):133-8 [2141344] J Immunol. 1992 Dec 1;149(11):3648-53 [1431134] J Med Entomol. 1993 Jan;30(1):199-203 [8433326] Infect Immun. 1993 Jul;61(7):2774-9 [7685738] Clin Infect Dis. 1993 Oct;17(4):708-17 [7903558] J Exp Med. 1996 Jan 1;183(1):271-5 [8551231] N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Challenges in addressing community concerns regarding clusters of multiple sclerosis and potential environmental exposures. AN - 66797035; 15316246 AB - Citizens living around hazardous waste sites in the USA have expressed concern to public health officials at the local, state and federal level about a perceived high prevalence of multiple sclerosis (MS) in their communities. Many believe the occurrence of the disease is directly linked to exposure to chemical agents from the nearby hazardous waste site. Although the public's concern regarding these clusters should be addressed, epidemiologists have long known that evaluating perceived clusters is rarely fruitful for identifying an etiologic agent. In order to adequately address concerns regarding clusters of MS, as well as examining the role of environmental exposures and genetic susceptibility in the causal mechanism of disease, several activities need to be conducted including characterizing the occurrence of disease, developing a standardized case definition and establishing partnerships to develop innovative research techniques. Only with collaboration across disciplines and lessons learned from past research will we be able to effectively guide research efforts directed at determining the etiology of this disease. JF - Neuroepidemiology AU - Williamson, Dhelia M AU - Henry, Judy P AD - Division of Health Studies, Agency for Toxic Substances and Disease Registry, Atlanta, GA 30333, USA. djw8@cdc.gov PY - 2004 SP - 211 EP - 216 VL - 23 IS - 5 SN - 0251-5350, 0251-5350 KW - Index Medicus KW - Public Relations KW - Humans KW - Genetic Predisposition to Disease KW - United States -- epidemiology KW - Cluster Analysis KW - Multiple Sclerosis -- etiology KW - Public Health Practice KW - Multiple Sclerosis -- epidemiology KW - Environmental Exposure -- adverse effects UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/66797035?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Neuroepidemiology&rft.atitle=Challenges+in+addressing+community+concerns+regarding+clusters+of+multiple+sclerosis+and+potential+environmental+exposures.&rft.au=Williamson%2C+Dhelia+M%3BHenry%2C+Judy+P&rft.aulast=Williamson&rft.aufirst=Dhelia&rft.date=2004-09-01&rft.volume=23&rft.issue=5&rft.spage=211&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Neuroepidemiology&rft.issn=02515350&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 2004-11-02 N1 - Date created - 2004-08-18 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Development of Molecular Methods for Detection of Infectious Viruses in Treated Wastewater AN - 19744489; 8053842 AB - Enteroviruses, hepatitis A virus (HAV) and other enteric viruses can survive wastewater treatment processes, even after chlorination, and are found in the final effluents. These viruses can be detected by cell culture techniques with observations for cytopathic effect (CPE). Recently molecular detection of viral nucleic acids has been used. Most viruses found in wastewater are RNA viruses and RT-PCR is a rapid and sensitive method to detect these single-strand RNA enteric viruses. This methodology does not distinguish between infectious and non-infectious viruses. Viruses inactivated in the treatment process can be detected but do not pose a public health threat. Methods are needed to quickly distinguish the infectious viruses from inactivated viruses, both of which may be present in effluents. In this project we investigated the use of a method that combines cell culture and molecular detection. If a sample contains viruses that replicate in cell culture even without CPE, the proof of replication can be demonstrated by the detection of a replicative form (RF) in cell culture that is only present during replication of infectious RNA viruses. A negative sense strand of RNA is generated from the viral positive strand virus, and these two are found primarily bound in a replicative form. This RNA was specifically detected by RT-PCR, including the positive and negative strands. This assay was developed and explored for the detection of low levels of CVB3 and HAV laboratory strains first and then for low levels of wild-type enteroviruses isolated from sewage samples. As few as four infectious units of wild-type enteroviruses, contained in 2.0 ml of water concentrate prepared from 600 ml of treated wastewater effluent, could be detected within two days. Treated wastewater effluents were collected weekly over an 18 months period, and viruses were concentrated with a developed method. About 7% of the final effluent wastewater samples were found positive for infectious enterovirus with the developed RF method, although only 1% of the samples were positive by presence of cytopathic effect. This method avoids the use of two complete cycles of cell culture to detect infectious virus, while confirming infectivity with a molecular method. JF - Water Intelligence Online AU - Cromeans, T AD - Centers for Disease Control (CDC), Atlanta, GA 30341-3724, USA Y1 - 2004/09// PY - 2004 DA - Sep 2004 VL - 3 KW - Virology & AIDS Abstracts; Aqualine Abstracts; Water Resources Abstracts KW - Hepatitis A virus KW - Viruses KW - Replicative form KW - RNA viruses KW - Cell culture KW - Wastewater treatment KW - Public health KW - Public Health KW - Enteroviruses KW - Assay KW - Polymerase chain reaction KW - Replication KW - Laboratories KW - Effluents KW - Intelligence KW - Infectivity KW - nucleic acids KW - Enterovirus KW - Sewage KW - Cultures KW - Chlorination KW - Waste water KW - Wastewater Treatment KW - Wastewater KW - V 22300:Methods KW - AQ 00008:Effects of Pollution KW - SW 3030:Effects of pollution UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/19744489?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aaqualine&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Water+Intelligence+Online&rft.atitle=Development+of+Molecular+Methods+for+Detection+of+Infectious+Viruses+in+Treated+Wastewater&rft.au=Cromeans%2C+T&rft.aulast=Cromeans&rft.aufirst=T&rft.date=2004-09-01&rft.volume=3&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Water+Intelligence+Online&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2008-03-01 N1 - Last updated - 2015-03-27 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Replication; Replicative form; Cell culture; RNA viruses; Effluents; Wastewater treatment; Public health; Intelligence; Infectivity; nucleic acids; Sewage; Polymerase chain reaction; Chlorination; Waste water; Public Health; Laboratories; Enteroviruses; Viruses; Assay; Cultures; Wastewater Treatment; Wastewater; Enterovirus; Hepatitis A virus ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Field Method for the Determination of Insoluble or Total Hexavalent Chromium in Workplace Air AN - 18057543; 6020054 AB - National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health method 7703 is a portable field procedure for the analysis of workplace air filter samples for hexavalent chromium (Cr super(VI)) content immediately after the samples are collected. The field method prescribes Cr super(VI) extraction from air filter samples with an ammonium sulfate/ammonium hydroxide extraction buffer using ultrasonic extraction (UE). Strong anion-exchange solid-phase extraction (SAE-SPE) is then used to separate Cr super(VI) from trivalent chromium and other interferences. Portable spectrophotometric measurement of Cr super(VI) is then conducted using the 1,5-diphenylcarbazide (DPC) method. However, it has been found that the ammonium extraction buffer does not adequately bring insoluble Cr super(VI) compounds into solution during the UE process. Thus, it was deemed necessary to modify the field method so that it would provide acceptable recoveries for insoluble Cr super(VI) compounds. To this end, a more alkaline extraction solution--sodium carbonate/sodium bicarbonate buffer--was investigated. The modified procedure using the highly alkaline extraction solution was demonstrated to be compatible with SAE-SPE cartridges when determining insoluble Cr super(VI) in air filter samples. It was found that the carbonate/bicarbonate buffer was equally effective for complete dissolution of both insoluble and soluble forms of Cr super(VI). Furthermore, the modified procedure met desired performance criteria established for air sampling and analytical methods. JF - Journal of Occupational and Environmental Hygiene AU - Hazelwood, K J AU - Drake, P L AU - Ashley, K AU - Marcy, D AD - U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, 315 East Montgomery Avenue, Spokane, WA 99207, USA, PDrake@cdc.gov Y1 - 2004/09// PY - 2004 DA - Sep 2004 SP - 613 EP - 619 VL - 1 IS - 9 SN - 1545-9624, 1545-9624 KW - Pollution Abstracts; Health & Safety Science Abstracts KW - Chromium KW - Heavy metals KW - Filters KW - Air sampling KW - Occupational exposure KW - H 1000:Occupational Safety and Health KW - P 6000:TOXICOLOGY AND HEALTH UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/18057543?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Apollution&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Occupational+and+Environmental+Hygiene&rft.atitle=Field+Method+for+the+Determination+of+Insoluble+or+Total+Hexavalent+Chromium+in+Workplace+Air&rft.au=Hazelwood%2C+K+J%3BDrake%2C+P+L%3BAshley%2C+K%3BMarcy%2C+D&rft.aulast=Hazelwood&rft.aufirst=K&rft.date=2004-09-01&rft.volume=1&rft.issue=9&rft.spage=613&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+Occupational+and+Environmental+Hygiene&rft.issn=15459624&rft_id=info:doi/10.1080%2F15459620490493810 LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Heavy metals; Filters; Chromium; Occupational exposure; Air sampling DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/15459620490493810 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Adverse events in humans associated with accidental exposure to the livestock brucellosis vaccine RB51 AN - 18054597; 5988082 AB - Brucella abortus strain RB51 vaccine, is an attenuated live bacterial vaccine that was licensed conditionally by the Center for Veterinary Biologics, Veterinary Services, Animal and Plant Health Inspection Service, USDA, on 23 February 1996, for vaccination of cattle in the United States. Accidental human inoculations can occur during vaccination of cattle, and previous live Brucella vaccines designed for cattle have been known to cause brucellosis in humans. The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) established passive surveillance for accidental inoculation with the RB51 vaccine in the United States to determine if this veterinary vaccine is associated with human disease, to describe the circumstances of accidental inoculation, to evaluate the potential efficacy of post-exposure chemoprophylaxis, and to develop recommendations for post-exposure management following exposure to RB51. Reports were received from 26 individuals. Accidental exposure to RB51 occurred by needle stick injury in 21 people (81%), conjunctival spray exposure in four (15%), and spray exposure of an open wound in one (4%) individual. At least one systemic symptom was reported in 19 (73%) people, including three (12%) who reported persistent local reactions with systemic involvement. One case required surgery, and B. abortus strain RB51 was isolated from the wound of that individual. Seven cases reported no adverse event associated with accidental exposure. Nine cases reported previous exposure to Brucella vaccines, including one case who also reported a previous diagnosis of brucellosis following exposure to S19 vaccine. Accidental needle stick injuries and conjunctival or open wound exposures of humans with the RB51 vaccine are associated with both local and systemic adverse events in the United States that are consistent with brucellosis; however, it remains undetermined if strain RB51 vaccine can cause systemic brucellosis in humans. Early culture attempts on those exposed and developing disease in the future and serologic diagnostic assays for anti-RB-51 antibodies are needed to define if these adverse events are due to RB51 and to define appropriate prophylaxis regimens. JF - Vaccine AU - Ashford, DA AU - Pietra, Jd AU - Lingappa, J AU - Woods, C AU - Noll, H AU - Neville, B AU - Weyant, R AU - Bragg, S L AU - Spiegel, R A AU - Tappero, J AU - Perkins, BA AD - Meningitis and Special Pathogens Branch, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, MS-F38, 4770 Buford Highway, Atlanta, GA 30341, USA, dba4@cdc.gov Y1 - 2004/09// PY - 2004 DA - Sep 2004 SP - 3435 EP - 3439 PB - Butterworth-Heinemann, 313 Washington St. Newton MA 02158 USA VL - 22 IS - 25-26 SN - 0264-410X, 0264-410X KW - man KW - Health & Safety Science Abstracts; Microbiology Abstracts B: Bacteriology; Toxicology Abstracts; Immunology Abstracts KW - Antibody response KW - Livestock KW - Cattle KW - Accidents KW - Prophylaxis KW - Brucella abortus KW - Vaccines KW - Brucellosis KW - J 02834:Vaccination and immunization KW - F 06807:Active immunization KW - H 4000:Food and Drugs KW - X 24111:Acute exposure UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/18054597?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologyb&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Vaccine&rft.atitle=Adverse+events+in+humans+associated+with+accidental+exposure+to+the+livestock+brucellosis+vaccine+RB51&rft.au=Ashford%2C+DA%3BPietra%2C+Jd%3BLingappa%2C+J%3BWoods%2C+C%3BNoll%2C+H%3BNeville%2C+B%3BWeyant%2C+R%3BBragg%2C+S+L%3BSpiegel%2C+R+A%3BTappero%2C+J%3BPerkins%2C+BA&rft.aulast=Ashford&rft.aufirst=DA&rft.date=2004-09-01&rft.volume=22&rft.issue=25-26&rft.spage=3435&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Vaccine&rft.issn=0264410X&rft_id=info:doi/10.1016%2Fj.vaccine.2004.02.041 LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Brucella abortus; Vaccines; Accidents; Livestock; Cattle; Brucellosis; Antibody response; Prophylaxis DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.vaccine.2004.02.041 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - The Effects of Ventilation and Preburn Time on Water Mist Extinguishing of Diesel Fuel Pool Fires AN - 18049799; 6028190 AB - The goal of the National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH) Pittsburgh Research Laboratory Fire Fighting and Prevention Program is to reduce the number of fires and fire-related injuries in the mining industry. As part of this effort, water mist is being evaluated for the suppression of underground mine fires, such as fires in diesel fuel storage areas. In this study a series of large-scale fire tests was conducted to investigate the effects of ventilation and preburn time on water mist extinguishing of three diesel fuel pool fires with heat release rates of 230 kW, 1, and 3 MW. The experiments were conducted in a simulated underground coal mine diesel fuel storage area under three ventilation conditions: no ventilation, natural ventilation, and forced ventilation and with two preburn times for the no ventilation condition: 30 s and 1 min. Without ventilation the 230 kW fire was the most difficult to extinguish; with natural ventilation the 1 MW fire took the longest time to extinguish; and with forced ventilation the 3 MW fire was the most challenging one. With the 30-s preburn time, the extinguishing time was nearly the same for the 230 kW fire as with the 1-min preburn time, while it increased for both 1 and 3 MW fires, with the 1 MW fire being the most difficult to extinguish. The extinguishing mechanisms including fuel surface cooling, flame cooling, and oxygen depletion and displacement are discussed. The critical water flow rate is estimated for the fires extinguished by the surface cooling mechanism. JF - Journal of Fire Sciences AU - Yuan, Liming AU - Lazzara, C P AD - Pittsburgh Research Laboratory, National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, P.O. Box 18070, Cochrans Mill Road, Pittsburgh, PA 15236, USA, lcy6@cdc.gov Y1 - 2004/09// PY - 2004 DA - Sep 2004 SP - 379 EP - 404 VL - 22 IS - 5 SN - 0734-9041, 0734-9041 KW - water mists KW - surface cooling KW - Health & Safety Science Abstracts KW - Fires KW - Ventilation KW - Mists KW - Flow rates KW - Oxygen depletion KW - Flammability KW - H 7000:Fire Safety UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/18049799?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Ahealthsafetyabstracts&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Fire+Sciences&rft.atitle=The+Effects+of+Ventilation+and+Preburn+Time+on+Water+Mist+Extinguishing+of+Diesel+Fuel+Pool+Fires&rft.au=Yuan%2C+Liming%3BLazzara%2C+C+P&rft.aulast=Yuan&rft.aufirst=Liming&rft.date=2004-09-01&rft.volume=22&rft.issue=5&rft.spage=379&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+Fire+Sciences&rft.issn=07349041&rft_id=info:doi/10.1177%2F0734904104042438 LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Fires; Ventilation; Flammability; Mists; Flow rates; Oxygen depletion DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0734904104042438 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Estimating Deaths Attributable to Obesity in the United States AN - 18032088; 6001976 AB - Estimates of deaths attributable to obesity in the United States rely on estimates from epidemiological cohorts of the relative risk of mortality associated with obesity. However, these relative risk estimates are not necessarily appropriate for the total US population, in part because of exclusions to control for baseline health status and exclusion or underrepresentation of older adults. Most deaths occur among older adults; estimates of deaths attributable to obesity can vary widely depending on the assumptions about the relative risks of mortality associated with obesity among the elderly. Thus, it may be difficult to estimate deaths attributable to obesity with adequate accuracy and precision. We urge efforts to improve the data and methods for estimating this statistic. JF - American Journal of Public Health AU - Flegal, KatherineM AU - Williamson, David F AU - Pamuk, Elsie R AU - Rosenberg, Harry M AD - National Center for Health Statistics, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), Hyattsville, Md. Y1 - 2004/09// PY - 2004 DA - Sep 2004 SP - 1486 EP - 1489 PB - American Public Health Association, 1015 15th St., N.W. Washington DC 20005 USA VL - 94 IS - 9 SN - 0090-0036, 0090-0036 KW - Risk Abstracts; Health & Safety Science Abstracts; Physical Education Index KW - Mortality KW - Obesity KW - Death KW - Statistics KW - obesity KW - Gerontology KW - Health KW - Adults KW - Public health KW - USA KW - R2 23060:Medical and environmental health KW - H 12000:Epidemiology and Public Health KW - PE 030:Exercise, Health & Physical Fitness UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/18032088?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Ariskabstracts&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=American+Journal+of+Public+Health&rft.atitle=Estimating+Deaths+Attributable+to+Obesity+in+the+United+States&rft.au=Flegal%2C+KatherineM%3BWilliamson%2C+David+F%3BPamuk%2C+Elsie+R%3BRosenberg%2C+Harry+M&rft.aulast=Flegal&rft.aufirst=KatherineM&rft.date=2004-09-01&rft.volume=94&rft.issue=9&rft.spage=1486&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=American+Journal+of+Public+Health&rft.issn=00900036&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - Physical Education Index; ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Obesity; Death; Gerontology; Adults; Health; Statistics; Public health; USA; Mortality; obesity ER - TY - JOUR T1 - An initial farmer evaluation of a NIOSH AutoROPS prototype AN - 18028537; 5977511 AB - This evaluation study is a part of the NIOSH safety engineering research program on developing new types of rollover protective structures (ROPS) for farm tractors. Each year hundreds of people die as a result of agricultural tractor rollovers. The use of rollover protective structures (ROPS), along with seat belts, is the best-known method for reducing the frequency of these fatalities. One impediment to ROPS use, however, is low clearance situations, such as orchards and animal confinement buildings. Adjustable ROPS have been developed by the agricultural equipment industry to address the issue of low clearance situations. If these adjustable ROPS are used properly, they are quite effective systems. The problem is that they require the operator to take an active role in making sure the ROPS is properly adjusted when not in a low clearance situation; a task some operators may not consistently perform. To address the need for ROPS that are easily adapted to low clearance situations, NIOSH researchers have developed an automatically deploying, telescoping ROPS (AutoROPS). The objective of this study was to get an initial measurement of the usability of the NIOSH AutoROPS among tractor operators who would be probable users of this new technology. The study was not intended to evaluate all of the factors in the use of the AutoROPS. This study only examines whether farmers had an initial positive interest in this new concept for preventing tractor rollover-related fatalities. The procedure for comparing the AutoROPS prototype with a foldable ROPS was of a general nature. What was being sought were general opinions about the concept. A cost comparison was not a factor in this study. However, cost-effectiveness is an important criterion in the NIOSH design. The farmer group was of the opinion that the AutoROPS deployment is more effective than the manual ROPS alternative (p<0.0001) and that the protection effectiveness provided by AutoROPS will be superior to the protection provided by manual ROPS (p<0.01). Of great prevention importance was the increase in interest in purchasing a tractor with an AutoROPS compared to purchasing a tractor with manual ROPS (p<0.0001). This result indicates that this new technology may successfully achieve wide use on the farm. Farmer opinions indicate the need for further design work to improve seating restraint and the method for lowering the structure. Based on the results of this study, NIOSH will be able to make recommendations to companies interested in developing and manufacturing an AutoROPS for the farm workplace. JF - International Journal of Industrial Ergonomics AU - Etherton, J AU - McKenzie, EA Jr AU - Lutz, T AU - Cantis, D AU - Kau, T-Y AD - Centres for Disease Control and Prevention, National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, 1095 Willowdale Road, Morgantown WV 26505-2888, USA, jrel@cdc.gov Y1 - 2004/09// PY - 2004 DA - Sep 2004 SP - 155 EP - 165 PB - Elsevier Science B.V., P.O. Box 211 Amsterdam 1000 AE Netherlands, [mailto:nlinfo-f@elsevier.nl], [URL:http://www.elsevier.nl/] VL - 34 IS - 3 SN - 0169-8141, 0169-8141 KW - tractors KW - Health & Safety Science Abstracts KW - Agriculture KW - Mortality KW - Injuries KW - Motor vehicles KW - Protective equipment KW - Accidents KW - safety engineering KW - rollover KW - Occupational exposure KW - H 1000:Occupational Safety and Health UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/18028537?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Ahealthsafetyabstracts&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=International+Journal+of+Industrial+Ergonomics&rft.atitle=An+initial+farmer+evaluation+of+a+NIOSH+AutoROPS+prototype&rft.au=Etherton%2C+J%3BMcKenzie%2C+EA+Jr%3BLutz%2C+T%3BCantis%2C+D%3BKau%2C+T-Y&rft.aulast=Etherton&rft.aufirst=J&rft.date=2004-09-01&rft.volume=34&rft.issue=3&rft.spage=155&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=International+Journal+of+Industrial+Ergonomics&rft.issn=01698141&rft_id=info:doi/10.1016%2Fj.ergon.2004.03.007 LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Accidents; Mortality; Agriculture; Motor vehicles; Occupational exposure; Injuries; Protective equipment; safety engineering; rollover DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ergon.2004.03.007 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Identification of a familial cluster of pulmonary Mycobacterium bovis disease AN - 17786850; 6059903 AB - SETTING: Local public health department. DESIGN: Retrospective review of a cluster of three pulmonary Mycobacterium bovis cases occurring in a family, with genotyping of M. bovis strains isolated from the family members. RESULTS: The genotypes of the M. bovis isolates were identical, as determined by three different methods: IS6110 restriction fragment length polymorphism, spoligoytping and mycobacterial interspersed repetitive units-variable number tandem repeat analyses. CONCLUSION: The identification of three acid-fast bacilli (AFB) smear-positive pulmonary M. bovis cases, presenting in a single family and caused by an identical strain, suggests that person-to-person transmission of this organism may have occurred, although infection of one or more family members through ingestion of a contaminated dairy product could not be excluded. JF - International Journal of Tuberculosis and Lung Disease AU - LoBue, P A AU - Betancourt, W AU - Cowan, L AU - Seli, L AU - Peter, C AU - Moser, K S AD - Field Services and Evaluation Branch, Division of Tuberculosis Elimination, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Mail Stop E-10, 1600 Clifton Road, Atlanta, GA 30333, USA, pgl5@cdc.gov Y1 - 2004/09// PY - 2004 DA - Sep 2004 SP - 1142 EP - 1146 VL - 8 IS - 9 SN - 1027-3719, 1027-3719 KW - Microbiology Abstracts B: Bacteriology KW - Bacilli KW - Genotyping KW - Restriction fragment length polymorphism KW - Dairy products KW - Lung diseases KW - Tuberculosis KW - Mycobacterium bovis KW - Public health KW - Disease transmission KW - J 02845:Ear, nose and respiratory tract UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/17786850?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologyb&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=International+Journal+of+Tuberculosis+and+Lung+Disease&rft.atitle=Identification+of+a+familial+cluster+of+pulmonary+Mycobacterium+bovis+disease&rft.au=LoBue%2C+P+A%3BBetancourt%2C+W%3BCowan%2C+L%3BSeli%2C+L%3BPeter%2C+C%3BMoser%2C+K+S&rft.aulast=LoBue&rft.aufirst=P&rft.date=2004-09-01&rft.volume=8&rft.issue=9&rft.spage=1142&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=International+Journal+of+Tuberculosis+and+Lung+Disease&rft.issn=10273719&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Mycobacterium bovis; Lung diseases; Dairy products; Restriction fragment length polymorphism; Disease transmission; Genotyping; Public health; Bacilli; Tuberculosis ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Taxonomic variation in the Mycobacterium fortuitum third biovariant complex: description of Mycobacterium boenickei sp. nov., Mycobacterium houstonense sp. nov., Mycobacterium neworleansense sp. nov. and Mycobacterium brisbanense sp. nov. and recognition of Mycobacterium porcinum from human clinical isolates AN - 17774662; 6112274 AB - The Mycobacterium fortuitum third biovariant complex (sorbitol-negative and sorbitol-positive) contains unnamed taxa first characterized in 1991. These organisms can cause respiratory infections, a spectrum of soft tissue and skeletal infections, bacteraemia and disseminated disease. To evaluate this group of organisms, clinical reference isolates and the type strains of M. fortuitum third biovariant complex sorbitol-negative (n=21), M. fortuitum third biovariant complex sorbitol-positive (n=3), M. fortuitum (n=3), Mycobacterium peregrinum (pipemidic acid-susceptible) (n= 1), Mycobacterium porcinum (n= 1), Mycobacterium senegalense (n=2) and Mycobacterium septicum (n= 1) were characterized by using conventional phenotypic (morphological, physiological and antimicrobial susceptibilities), chemotaxonomic (HPLC and cellular fatty acids) and genotypic [RFLP of the rRNA gene (ribotyping), PCR-RFLP of a 439 bp segment of the 65 kDa hsp gene (PCR restriction analysis) and 16S rRNA gene sequence] analysis, DNA G+C content and DNA-DNA relatedness analyses. The results of these studies indicated that the strains comprised M. porcinum (n= 13), M. septicum (n= 1) and four novel closely related genetic groups within the M. fortuitum third biovariant complex: Mycobacterium boenickei sp. nov. (n=6), Mycobacterium houstonense sp. nov. (n=2), Mycobacterium neworleansense sp. nov. (n=1) and Mycobacterium brisbanense sp. nov. (n=1), with type strains ATCC 49935 super(T) (=W5998 super(T)=DSM 44677 super(T)), ATCC 49403 super(T) (=W5198 super(T)=DSM 44676 super(T)) ATCC 49404 super(T) (=W6705 super(T)=DSM 44679 super(T)) and ATCC 49938 super(T) (=W6743 super(T)=DSM 44680 super(T)), respectively. JF - International Journal of Systematic and Evolutionary Microbiology AU - Schinsky, M F AU - Morey, R E AU - Steigerwalt, A G AU - Douglas, M P AU - Wilson, R W AU - Floyd, M M AU - Butler, W R AU - Daneshvar, MI AU - Brown-Elliott, BA AU - Wallace, RJ Jr AU - McNeil, M M AU - Brenner, D J AU - Brown, J M AD - Meningitis and Special Pathogens Branch, Division of Bacterial and Mycotic Diseases, National Center for Infectious Diseases, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA 30333, USA, jmb6@cdc.gov Y1 - 2004/09// PY - 2004 DA - Sep 2004 SP - 1653 EP - 1667 VL - 54 IS - 5 SN - 1466-5026, 1466-5026 KW - Microbiology Abstracts B: Bacteriology KW - High-performance liquid chromatography KW - Mycobacterium senegalense KW - Ribotyping KW - Heat shock proteins KW - Nucleotide sequence KW - Mycobacterium fortuitum KW - Bacteremia KW - Mycobacterium peregrinum KW - Mycobacterium brisbanense KW - Mycobacterium porcinum KW - Polymerase chain reaction KW - Taxonomy KW - Mycobacterium boenickei KW - Soft tissues KW - rRNA 16S KW - Mycobacterium neworleansense KW - New species KW - Skeleton KW - Mycobacterium houstonense KW - J 02710:Identification, taxonomy and typing UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/17774662?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologyb&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=International+Journal+of+Systematic+and+Evolutionary+Microbiology&rft.atitle=Taxonomic+variation+in+the+Mycobacterium+fortuitum+third+biovariant+complex%3A+description+of+Mycobacterium+boenickei+sp.+nov.%2C+Mycobacterium+houstonense+sp.+nov.%2C+Mycobacterium+neworleansense+sp.+nov.+and+Mycobacterium+brisbanense+sp.+nov.+and+recognition+of+Mycobacterium+porcinum+from+human+clinical+isolates&rft.au=Schinsky%2C+M+F%3BMorey%2C+R+E%3BSteigerwalt%2C+A+G%3BDouglas%2C+M+P%3BWilson%2C+R+W%3BFloyd%2C+M+M%3BButler%2C+W+R%3BDaneshvar%2C+MI%3BBrown-Elliott%2C+BA%3BWallace%2C+RJ+Jr%3BMcNeil%2C+M+M%3BBrenner%2C+D+J%3BBrown%2C+J+M&rft.aulast=Schinsky&rft.aufirst=M&rft.date=2004-09-01&rft.volume=54&rft.issue=5&rft.spage=1653&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=International+Journal+of+Systematic+and+Evolutionary+Microbiology&rft.issn=14665026&rft_id=info:doi/10.1099%2Fijs.0.02743-0 LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Mycobacterium boenickei; Mycobacterium fortuitum; Mycobacterium senegalense; Mycobacterium peregrinum; Mycobacterium houstonense; Mycobacterium neworleansense; Mycobacterium brisbanense; Mycobacterium porcinum; Nucleotide sequence; Taxonomy; Bacteremia; Skeleton; High-performance liquid chromatography; New species; rRNA 16S; Soft tissues; Heat shock proteins; Ribotyping; Polymerase chain reaction DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1099/ijs.0.02743-0 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Evaluation of a computer-simulation model for human ambulation on stilts AN - 17569362; 6101296 AB - Stilts are elevated tools that are frequently used by construction workers to raise workers 18 to 40 inches above the ground without the burden of erecting scaffolding or a ladder. Some previous studies indicated that construction workers perceive an increased risk of injury when working on stilts. However, no in-depth biomechanical analyses have been conducted to examine the fall risks associated with the use of stilts. The objective of this study is to evaluate a computer-simulation stilts model. Three construction workers were recruited for walking tasks on 24-inch stilts. The model was evaluated using whole body center of mass and ground reaction forces. A PEAK super(TM) motion system and two Kistler super(TM) force platforms were used to collect data on both kinetic and kinematic measures. Inverse- and direct-dynamics simulations were performed using a model developed using commercial software - ADAMS and LifeMOD. For three coordinates (X, Y, Z) of the center of mass, the results of univariate analyses indicated very small variability for the mean difference between the model predictions and the experimental measurements. The results of correlation analyses indicated similar trends for the three coordinates. Plotting the resultant and vertical ground reaction force for both right and left feet showed small discrepancies, but the overall shape was identical. The percentage differences between the model and the actual measurement for three coordinates of the center of mass, as well as resultant and vertical ground reaction force, were within 20%. This newly-developed stilt walking model may be used to assist in improving the design of stilts. JF - Journal of Mechanics in Medicine and Biology AU - Pan, C S AU - Miller, K M AU - Chiou, S AU - Wu, J Z AD - NIOSH, 1095 Willowdale Road, Morgantown, WV 26505, USA, cpan@cdc.gov Y1 - 2004/09// PY - 2004 DA - Sep 2004 SP - 283 EP - 303 VL - 4 IS - 3 SN - 0219-5194, 0219-5194 KW - Biotechnology and Bioengineering Abstracts; Physical Education Index; Bioengineering Abstracts KW - Walking KW - Computer analysis KW - Biomechanics KW - Modeling KW - Occupational health KW - PE 100:Kinesiology KW - W 30965:Miscellaneous, Reviews UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/17569362?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Abiotechresearch&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Mechanics+in+Medicine+and+Biology&rft.atitle=Evaluation+of+a+computer-simulation+model+for+human+ambulation+on+stilts&rft.au=Pan%2C+C+S%3BMiller%2C+K+M%3BChiou%2C+S%3BWu%2C+J+Z&rft.aulast=Pan&rft.aufirst=C&rft.date=2004-09-01&rft.volume=4&rft.issue=3&rft.spage=283&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+Mechanics+in+Medicine+and+Biology&rft.issn=02195194&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - Physical Education Index; ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Walking; Modeling; Computer analysis; Occupational health; Biomechanics ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Illness associated with drift of chloropicrin soil fumigant into a residential area--Kern County, California, 2003. AN - 66797720; 15318159 AB - Chloropicrin is the fourth most commonly used soil fumigant in California. Exposure to chloropicrin causes eye and respiratory tract irritation, vomiting, and diarrhea. This report describes an investigation by the California Department of Pesticide Regulation (CDPR) and the Kern County Agriculture Commissioner (KCAC) into illnesses associated with the offsite drift of chloropicrin in Kern County. A total of 165 persons experienced symptoms consistent with chloropicrin exposure. The findings underscore health risks associated with fumigants and the usefulness of procedures adopted in California to ensure both prompt identification of exposure events and timely notification of the affected public. JF - MMWR. Morbidity and mortality weekly report AU - Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) AD - Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) Y1 - 2004/08/20/ PY - 2004 DA - 2004 Aug 20 SP - 740 EP - 742 VL - 53 IS - 32 KW - Environmental Pollutants KW - 0 KW - Hydrocarbons, Chlorinated KW - chloropicrin KW - I4JTX7Z7U2 KW - Index Medicus KW - Infant KW - Humans KW - Adult KW - Middle Aged KW - Child KW - Residence Characteristics KW - Adolescent KW - California -- epidemiology KW - Child, Preschool KW - Hydrocarbons, Chlorinated -- poisoning KW - Environmental Pollutants -- poisoning KW - Fumigation UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/66797720?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=MMWR.+Morbidity+and+mortality+weekly+report&rft.atitle=Illness+associated+with+drift+of+chloropicrin+soil+fumigant+into+a+residential+area--Kern+County%2C+California%2C+2003.&rft.au=Centers+for+Disease+Control+and+Prevention+%28CDC%29&rft.aulast=Centers+for+Disease+Control+and+Prevention+%28CDC%29&rft.aufirst=&rft.date=2004-08-20&rft.volume=53&rft.issue=32&rft.spage=740&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=MMWR.+Morbidity+and+mortality+weekly+report&rft.issn=1545-861X&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 2004-08-23 N1 - Date created - 2004-08-19 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Bronchiolitis obliterans syndrome in popcorn production plant workers. AN - 66826565; 15332401 AB - Following sentinel case recognition, an excess of fixed airways obstruction was found among current workers in a microwave popcorn plant associated with butter flavouring exposures. In order to characterise the clinical presentation of sentinel cases, the medical records of sentinel cases were reviewed, interviews conducted and serial spirometric testing performed. Cases worked in microwave popcorn production, and five of the nine cases had mixed flavourings. Most had never smoked or smoked minimally. Cases showed onset of cough, shortness of breath and wheezing 5 months to 9 yrs after starting work at the popcorn plant. Initial forced expiratory volume in one second ranged 14.0-66.8% of the predicted value. Eight high-resolution computed tomography scans showed marked bronchial wall thickening and mosaic attenuation with air trapping. Open lung biopsy results were consistent with, or diagnostic of, constrictive bronchiolitis in two of three cases. Five cases are on lung transplantation waiting lists. After leaving employment, nearly all cases experienced stabilisation of their lung function within 2 yrs. Astute clinicians can help identify new causes of airways obstruction by alerting public health authorities to unexplained disease cases occurring in groups of workers. JF - The European respiratory journal AU - Akpinar-Elci, M AU - Travis, W D AU - Lynch, D A AU - Kreiss, K AD - Division of Respiratory Disease Studies, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention/National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, Morgantown, WV 26505, USA. melci@cdc.gov Y1 - 2004/08// PY - 2004 DA - August 2004 SP - 298 EP - 302 VL - 24 IS - 2 SN - 0903-1936, 0903-1936 KW - Flavoring Agents KW - 0 KW - Index Medicus KW - Severity of Illness Index KW - Respiratory Function Tests KW - Occupational Health KW - Humans KW - Tomography, X-Ray Computed KW - Biopsy, Needle KW - Risk Assessment KW - Age Distribution KW - Adult KW - Sampling Studies KW - Incidence KW - Follow-Up Studies KW - Middle Aged KW - Sex Distribution KW - Immunohistochemistry KW - Female KW - Male KW - Occupational Diseases -- diagnosis KW - Bronchiolitis Obliterans -- diagnosis KW - Flavoring Agents -- adverse effects KW - Food Industry KW - Occupational Exposure -- adverse effects KW - Bronchiolitis Obliterans -- epidemiology KW - Occupational Diseases -- epidemiology KW - Bronchiolitis Obliterans -- etiology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/66826565?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+European+respiratory+journal&rft.atitle=Bronchiolitis+obliterans+syndrome+in+popcorn+production+plant+workers.&rft.au=Akpinar-Elci%2C+M%3BTravis%2C+W+D%3BLynch%2C+D+A%3BKreiss%2C+K&rft.aulast=Akpinar-Elci&rft.aufirst=M&rft.date=2004-08-01&rft.volume=24&rft.issue=2&rft.spage=298&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=The+European+respiratory+journal&rft.issn=09031936&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 2004-11-30 N1 - Date created - 2004-08-30 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - An evaluation of a "best practices" musculoskeletal injury prevention program in nursing homes. AN - 66791236; 15314046 AB - To conduct an intervention trial of a "best practices" musculoskeletal injury prevention program designed to safely lift physically dependent nursing home residents. A pre-post intervention trial and cost benefit analysis at six nursing homes from January 1995 through December 2000. The intervention was established in January 1998 and injury rates, injury related costs and benefits, and severity are compared for 36 months pre-intervention and 36 months post-intervention. A dynamic cohort of all nursing staff (n = 1728) in six nursing homes during a six year study period. "Best practices" musculoskeletal injury prevention program consisting of mechanical lifts and repositioning aids, a zero lift policy, and employee training on lift usage. Injury incidence rates, workers' compensation costs, lost work day injury rates, restricted work day rates, and resident assaults on caregivers, annually from January 1995 through December 2000. There was a significant reduction in resident handling injury incidence, workers' compensation costs, and lost workday injuries after the intervention. Adjusted rate ratios were 0.39 (95% confidence interval (CI) 0.29 to 0.55) for workers' compensation claims, 0.54 (95% CI 0.40 to 0.73) for Occupational Safety and Health Administration (OSHA) 200 logs, and 0.65 (95% CI 0.50 to 0.86) for first reports of employee injury. The initial investment of $158 556 for lifting equipment and worker training was recovered in less than three years based on post-intervention savings of $55 000 annually in workers' compensation costs. The rate of post-intervention assaults on caregivers during resident transfers was down 72%, 50%, and 30% based on workers' compensation, OSHA, and first reports of injury data, respectively. The "best practices" prevention program significantly reduced injuries for full time and part time nurses in all age groups, all lengths of experience in all study sites. JF - Injury prevention : journal of the International Society for Child and Adolescent Injury Prevention AU - Collins, J W AU - Wolf, L AU - Bell, J AU - Evanoff, B AD - Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, Division of Safety Research, Morgantown, West Virginia 26505, USA. JCollins@cdc.gov Y1 - 2004/08// PY - 2004 DA - August 2004 SP - 206 EP - 211 VL - 10 IS - 4 SN - 1353-8047, 1353-8047 KW - Index Medicus KW - Workers' Compensation -- economics KW - Humans KW - Safety KW - Aged KW - Transportation of Patients -- methods KW - Violence KW - Sick Leave -- economics KW - Cost-Benefit Analysis KW - Adult KW - Cohort Studies KW - Middle Aged KW - Program Evaluation KW - Lifting -- adverse effects KW - Female KW - Male KW - Back Injuries -- economics KW - Occupational Diseases -- economics KW - Occupational Diseases -- prevention & control KW - Back Injuries -- prevention & control KW - Nursing Staff -- education KW - Nursing Homes UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/66791236?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Injury+prevention+%3A+journal+of+the+International+Society+for+Child+and+Adolescent+Injury+Prevention&rft.atitle=An+evaluation+of+a+%22best+practices%22+musculoskeletal+injury+prevention+program+in+nursing+homes.&rft.au=Collins%2C+J+W%3BWolf%2C+L%3BBell%2C+J%3BEvanoff%2C+B&rft.aulast=Collins&rft.aufirst=J&rft.date=2004-08-01&rft.volume=10&rft.issue=4&rft.spage=206&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Injury+prevention+%3A+journal+of+the+International+Society+for+Child+and+Adolescent+Injury+Prevention&rft.issn=13538047&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 2004-12-02 N1 - Date created - 2004-08-17 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - SuppNotes - Cited By: Appl Ergon. 2000 Feb;31(1):35-44 [10709750] JAMA. 2000 Jun 14;283(22):2948-54 [10865272] AAOHN J. 2003 Mar;51(3):126-34 [12670100] Am J Ind Med. 2003 Nov;44(5):451-7 [14571508] Appl Ergon. 1999 Aug;30(4):285-94 [10416841] Ergonomics. 1992 Sep;35(9):979-95 [1387079] Ergonomics. 1992 Nov;35(11):1353-75 [1425566] Am J Ind Med. 1995 Nov;28(5):591-602 [8561169] Am J Ind Med. 1996 Apr;29(4):421-4 [8728153] Biometrics. 1983 Sep;39(3):665-74 [6652201] N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Occupational injury research at NOIRS 2003. AN - 66790991; 15314044 JF - Injury prevention : journal of the International Society for Child and Adolescent Injury Prevention AU - Howard, J AD - National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, Washington, DC 20201, USA. jhoward1@cdc.gov Y1 - 2004/08// PY - 2004 DA - August 2004 SP - 195 EP - 196 VL - 10 IS - 4 SN - 1353-8047, 1353-8047 KW - Index Medicus KW - United States KW - Accidents, Occupational -- prevention & control KW - Hispanic Americans KW - Humans KW - Research KW - Accident Prevention KW - National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (U.S.) KW - Accidents, Traffic -- prevention & control KW - Occupational Diseases -- ethnology KW - Occupational Diseases -- prevention & control KW - Wounds and Injuries -- prevention & control KW - Wounds and Injuries -- ethnology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/66790991?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Injury+prevention+%3A+journal+of+the+International+Society+for+Child+and+Adolescent+Injury+Prevention&rft.atitle=Occupational+injury+research+at+NOIRS+2003.&rft.au=Howard%2C+J&rft.aulast=Howard&rft.aufirst=J&rft.date=2004-08-01&rft.volume=10&rft.issue=4&rft.spage=195&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Injury+prevention+%3A+journal+of+the+International+Society+for+Child+and+Adolescent+Injury+Prevention&rft.issn=13538047&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 2004-12-02 N1 - Date created - 2004-08-17 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - A study of logger fatalities from 1992-2000. AN - 66790274; 15314053 AB - To determine if certain loggers are at increased risk of death during logging operations. Statistical analysis of 780 logger fatalities for a nine year period (1992-2000). The major findings are: (1) treefallers suffer nearly 63% of all fatalities, (2) the region where the fatality occurred and the size of the employer were not significant factors that contributed to a high percentage of treefaller fatalities, and (3) the Northeast and Midwest regions showed a higher percentage of fatalities compared with the South and West regions. Overall, the logger fatality rate for 1992-2000, compared with 1980-88 has decreased slightly; however, treefallers continue to be the group of loggers who suffer the highest fatality rate. JF - Injury prevention : journal of the International Society for Child and Adolescent Injury Prevention AU - Scott, D F AD - NIOSH, Spokane Research Laboratory, Spokane, WA 99207, USA. dus3@cdc.gov Y1 - 2004/08// PY - 2004 DA - August 2004 SP - 239 EP - 243 VL - 10 IS - 4 SN - 1353-8047, 1353-8047 KW - Index Medicus KW - Humans KW - Craniocerebral Trauma -- mortality KW - Aged KW - Cause of Death KW - Age Distribution KW - Risk Factors KW - Adult KW - Seasons KW - Middle Aged KW - Adolescent KW - United States -- epidemiology KW - Time Factors KW - Female KW - Male KW - Accidents, Occupational -- mortality KW - Forestry -- statistics & numerical data UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/66790274?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Injury+prevention+%3A+journal+of+the+International+Society+for+Child+and+Adolescent+Injury+Prevention&rft.atitle=A+study+of+logger+fatalities+from+1992-2000.&rft.au=Scott%2C+D+F&rft.aulast=Scott&rft.aufirst=D&rft.date=2004-08-01&rft.volume=10&rft.issue=4&rft.spage=239&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Injury+prevention+%3A+journal+of+the+International+Society+for+Child+and+Adolescent+Injury+Prevention&rft.issn=13538047&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 2004-12-02 N1 - Date created - 2004-08-17 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - SuppNotes - Cited By: Eur J Respir Dis. 1985 Apr;66(4):240-7 [4018177] Am Ind Hyg Assoc J. 1997 Oct;58(10):747-51 [9342836] Am Ind Hyg Assoc J. 1987 Feb;48(2):99-105 [3565274] N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Signs and symptoms predictive of death in patients with foodborne botulism--Republic of Georgia, 1980-2002. AN - 66780244; 15307002 AB - Foodborne botulism is a severe, potentially fatal disease characterized by cranial nerve palsies and descending paralysis. Little is known about signs and symptoms predictive of death from botulism. We studied patients with botulism in the Republic of Georgia, which has the highest reported rate of foodborne botulism in the world. After abstracting medical records of patients with botulism who were hospitalized during 1980-2002, we performed classification-and-regression-tree analysis to identify clinical syndromes predictive of survival and death. We identified records for 706 patients hospitalized for foodborne botulism from 1980-2002. Trivalent antitoxin was administered to 623 patients (88%). Fifty-four (8%) died. Patients with shortness of breath and impaired gag reflex and without diarrhea were 23 times more likely to die than were patients without this syndrome. Validating this clinical prediction rule may help reduce mortality from botulism in Georgia. Validation in other settings could help public health preparations for large outbreaks of naturally occurring or bioterrorism-related botulism. JF - Clinical infectious diseases : an official publication of the Infectious Diseases Society of America AU - Varma, Jay K AU - Katsitadze, Guram AU - Moiscrafishvili, Maia AU - Zardiashvili, Tamar AU - Chokheli, Maia AU - Tarkhashvili, Natalia AU - Jhorjholiani, Ekaterina AU - Chubinidze, Maia AU - Kukhalashvili, Teimuraz AU - Khmaladze, Irakli AU - Chakvetadze, Nelli AU - Imnadze, Paata AU - Hoekstra, Mike AU - Sobel, Jeremy AD - Epidemic Intelligence Service, Epidemiology Program Office, Foodborne and Diarrheal Diseases Branch, National Center for Infectious Diseases, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia, USA. jvarma@cdc.gov Y1 - 2004/08/01/ PY - 2004 DA - 2004 Aug 01 SP - 357 EP - 362 VL - 39 IS - 3 KW - Index Medicus KW - Sensitivity and Specificity KW - Odds Ratio KW - Dyspnea -- mortality KW - Humans KW - Retrospective Studies KW - Aged KW - Child KW - Child, Preschool KW - Infant KW - Food Microbiology KW - Aged, 80 and over KW - Adult KW - Middle Aged KW - Adolescent KW - Dyspnea -- etiology KW - Male KW - Female KW - Georgia (Republic) -- epidemiology KW - Botulism -- mortality KW - Botulism -- complications KW - Botulism -- physiopathology KW - Botulism -- transmission UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/66780244?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Clinical+infectious+diseases+%3A+an+official+publication+of+the+Infectious+Diseases+Society+of+America&rft.atitle=Signs+and+symptoms+predictive+of+death+in+patients+with+foodborne+botulism--Republic+of+Georgia%2C+1980-2002.&rft.au=Varma%2C+Jay+K%3BKatsitadze%2C+Guram%3BMoiscrafishvili%2C+Maia%3BZardiashvili%2C+Tamar%3BChokheli%2C+Maia%3BTarkhashvili%2C+Natalia%3BJhorjholiani%2C+Ekaterina%3BChubinidze%2C+Maia%3BKukhalashvili%2C+Teimuraz%3BKhmaladze%2C+Irakli%3BChakvetadze%2C+Nelli%3BImnadze%2C+Paata%3BHoekstra%2C+Mike%3BSobel%2C+Jeremy&rft.aulast=Varma&rft.aufirst=Jay&rft.date=2004-08-01&rft.volume=39&rft.issue=3&rft.spage=357&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Clinical+infectious+diseases+%3A+an+official+publication+of+the+Infectious+Diseases+Society+of+America&rft.issn=1537-6591&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 2004-12-16 N1 - Date created - 2004-08-12 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - SuppNotes - Comment In: Clin Infect Dis. 2004 Aug 1;39(3):363-5 [15307003] N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - The latex allergen hev B 5 is an antigen with repetitive murine B-cell epitopes. AN - 66755161; 15241001 AB - Hev b 5 is a potent latex allergen. In this study, we characterize the linear B-cell epitopes for three monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) to Hev b 5. The mAbs included 2 IgG1 (6A10, 3G3) and 1 IgG2b (6F6) isotypes. We used SPOTscan analysis with overlapping octapeptides to identify the binding regions for the antibodies and then methionine substitution analysis to further define the critical amino acids (aa) in each epitope. Site-directed mutagenesis was used to selectively eliminate the IgG binding for each epitope and single and multiple mutations were expressed as recombinant GST fusion proteins. Antibody recognition of the mutant proteins was determined by inhibition ELISA. All three mAbs recognized the same aa sequence by SPOTs analysis with slight variations, and this epitope was repeated 3 times in the Hev b 5 sequence; APETEK (63-68), PAEGEK (120-125), and PAEEEK (126-131). Sequential methionine substitution by SPOTsalogue identified K68, E122, and K131 as critical aa in each epitope to change by site-directed mutagenesis. Inhibition ELISA with the mutant proteins indicated that epitope 126-131 was the dominant epitope, but mutation of epitope 120-125 was also required to eliminate mAb reactivity to Hev b 5. The antibodies did not appear to recognize the epitope 63-68 in the recombinant fusion protein. We identified an immunodominant B-cell epitope in Hev b 5 that is repeated 3 times within the sequence, making Hev b 5 multivalent. Well-characterized monoclonals recognizing repeated epitopes would be a good choice for immunodetection of Hev b 5 in glove extracts where individual epitopes could get altered by the manufacturing process. Copyright 2004 S. Karger AG, Basel JF - International archives of allergy and immunology AU - Beezhold, Donald H AU - Hickey, Vicky L AU - Sutherland, Michael F AU - O'Hehir, Robyn E AD - Guthrie Research Institute, Sayre, PA, USA. zec1@cdc.gov Y1 - 2004/08// PY - 2004 DA - August 2004 SP - 334 EP - 340 VL - 134 IS - 4 SN - 1018-2438, 1018-2438 KW - Allergens KW - 0 KW - Antibodies, Monoclonal KW - Antigens, Plant KW - Epitopes, B-Lymphocyte KW - Latex KW - Plant Proteins KW - Recombinant Proteins KW - allergen Hev b 5 KW - Methionine KW - AE28F7PNPL KW - Index Medicus KW - Mutagenesis, Site-Directed KW - Antibody Specificity KW - Blotting, Western KW - Humans KW - Methionine -- analysis KW - Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay KW - Antibodies, Monoclonal -- analysis KW - Recombinant Proteins -- analysis KW - Epitope Mapping KW - Epitopes, B-Lymphocyte -- chemistry KW - Latex -- analysis KW - Allergens -- genetics KW - Latex -- chemistry KW - Allergens -- analysis UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/66755161?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=International+archives+of+allergy+and+immunology&rft.atitle=The+latex+allergen+hev+B+5+is+an+antigen+with+repetitive+murine+B-cell+epitopes.&rft.au=Beezhold%2C+Donald+H%3BHickey%2C+Vicky+L%3BSutherland%2C+Michael+F%3BO%27Hehir%2C+Robyn+E&rft.aulast=Beezhold&rft.aufirst=Donald&rft.date=2004-08-01&rft.volume=134&rft.issue=4&rft.spage=334&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=International+archives+of+allergy+and+immunology&rft.issn=10182438&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 2004-09-23 N1 - Date created - 2004-08-04 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Reinfection with Anaplasma phagocytophilum in BALB/c mice and cross-protection between two sympatric isolates. AN - 66738700; 15271934 AB - Infection with Anaplasma phagocytophilum in white-footed mice results in partial protection against reinfection with the same agent. However, humans and domestic animals may be sequentially exposed to different isolates of the agent circulating in the same or adjacent foci. We investigated whether immune response to a tick-borne infection with A. phagocytophilum provides protection against homologous and heterologous challenges. BALB/c mice were infected with one of the two sympatric isolates of A. phagocytophilum via tick bite and challenged 16 weeks later by Ixodes scapularis nymphs infected with either the same or the alternative isolate. As controls, groups of infected mice were challenged by uninfected ticks to confirm an absence of reactivation of the original infection or groups of naive mice were fed upon by ticks from cohorts used for an infectious challenge. Xenodiagnostic I. scapularis larvae were fed upon each mouse at 14 and 21 days postchallenge (PCH) and tested for the presence of A. phagocytophilum as freshly molted nymphs. Blood samples for quantitative PCR were collected at 7, 14, 21, and 70 days PCH. Serum samples were collected weekly to monitor development of immune response. The proportion of infected animals, levels of bacteremia, and the prevalence of infection in xenodiagnostic ticks were higher in groups of control mice exposed to A. phagocytophilum for the first time than in mice reinfected with either homologous or heterologous isolates. The presence of antibodies against A. phagocytophilum did not protect mice from a challenge with either homologous or heterologous isolates, however the ensuing reinfection was significantly milder and of a shorter duration than the first infection with either isolate. JF - Infection and immunity AU - Levin, Michael L AU - Coble, Dondrae J AU - Ross, Danielle E AD - Viral and Rickettsial Zoonoses Branch, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, 1600 Clifton Rd., MS G-13, Atlanta, GA 30333, USA. MLevin@cdc.gov Y1 - 2004/08// PY - 2004 DA - August 2004 SP - 4723 EP - 4730 VL - 72 IS - 8 SN - 0019-9567, 0019-9567 KW - Antibodies, Bacterial KW - 0 KW - Index Medicus KW - Animals KW - Ixodes -- growth & development KW - Antibodies, Bacterial -- blood KW - Disease Models, Animal KW - Mice KW - Bites and Stings KW - Mice, Inbred BALB C KW - Recurrence KW - Anaplasma phagocytophilum -- pathogenicity KW - Anaplasma phagocytophilum -- isolation & purification KW - Ehrlichiosis -- immunology KW - Ehrlichiosis -- microbiology KW - Anaplasma phagocytophilum -- classification UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/66738700?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Infection+and+immunity&rft.atitle=Reinfection+with+Anaplasma+phagocytophilum+in+BALB%2Fc+mice+and+cross-protection+between+two+sympatric+isolates.&rft.au=Levin%2C+Michael+L%3BCoble%2C+Dondrae+J%3BRoss%2C+Danielle+E&rft.aulast=Levin&rft.aufirst=Michael&rft.date=2004-08-01&rft.volume=72&rft.issue=8&rft.spage=4723&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Infection+and+immunity&rft.issn=00199567&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 2004-08-20 N1 - Date created - 2004-07-23 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - SuppNotes - Cited By: J Clin Microbiol. 1997 Jun;35(6):1510-6 [9163471] Am J Vet Res. 1996 Dec;57(12):1714-9 [8950424] J Infect Dis. 1997 Oct;176(4):1029-34 [9333162] Antimicrob Agents Chemother. 1998 Feb;42(2):362-8 [9527787] J Clin Microbiol. 1998 Jun;36(6):1480-8 [9620365] Ann Intern Med. 1998 Sep 15;129(6):461-3 [9735084] Acta Vet Scand. 1998;39(4):491-7 [9926463] J Clin Microbiol. 1999 Mar;37(3):558-64 [9986812] J Wildl Dis. 1999 Apr;35(2):275-84 [10231754] J Immunol. 1999 Oct 15;163(8):4087-90 [10510340] Vet Rec. 1950 Sep 30;62(39):577-8 [14782383] J Pathol Bacteriol. 1951 Jan;63(1):1-15 [14832686] J Clin Microbiol. 1999 Dec;37(12):4042-4 [10565928] J Clin Microbiol. 2000 Feb;38(2):635-8 [10655359] Infect Immun. 2000 Mar;68(3):1514-8 [10678968] Infect Immun. 2000 Jun;68(6):3344-8 [10816483] J Clin Microbiol. 2000 Aug;38(8):2917-22 [10921951] J Immunol. 2001 Feb 1;166(3):1855-62 [11160232] Clin Infect Dis. 2002 Jan 1;34(1):22-7 [11731941] J Clin Microbiol. 2003 Feb;41(2):717-22 [12574272] J Clin Microbiol. 2003 Jul;41(7):3392-4 [12843101] Clin Diagn Lab Immunol. 2003 Jul;10(4):692-5 [12853406] Infect Immun. 2003 Aug;71(8):4229-37 [12874298] Clin Diagn Lab Immunol. 2003 Sep;10(5):969-72 [12965936] Vector Borne Zoonotic Dis. 2004 Spring;4(1):53-9 [15018773] Ann Med Exp Biol Fenn. 1966;44:Suppl 6:1-62 [5950309] J Comp Pathol. 1970 Jul;80(3):429-36 [5529408] Br Vet J. 1971 Sep;127(9):xliv-xlvi [5165019] J Infect Dis. 1974 Oct;130(4):357-67 [4140878] Am J Vet Res. 1978 Jan;39(1):15-8 [343663] J Comp Pathol. 1982 Jul;92(3):457-67 [6897252] J Infect Dis. 1984 Sep;150(3):425-35 [6207248] J Comp Pathol. 1986 Jan;96(1):101-7 [3944282] Onderstepoort J Vet Res. 1989 Sep;56(3):185-8 [2812702] J Infect Dis. 1993 Apr;167(4):971-5 [8450262] Infect Immun. 1993 Oct;61(10):4493-7 [8406842] J Clin Microbiol. 1997 Aug;35(8):2087-92 [9230387] N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Determination of serum IgG antibodies to Bacillus anthracis protective antigen in environmental sampling workers using a fluorescent covalent microsphere immunoassay. AN - 66722049; 15258278 AB - To evaluate potential exposure to Bacillis anthracis (Ba) spores in sampling/decontamination workers in the aftermath of an anthrax terror attack. Fifty six serum samples were obtained from workers involved in environmental sampling for Ba spores at the American Media, Inc. (AMI) building in Boca Raton, FL after the anthrax attack there in October 2001. Nineteen sera were drawn from individuals both pre-entry and several weeks after entrance into the building. Nine sera each were drawn from unique individuals at the pre-entry and follow up blood draws. Thirteen donor control sera were also evaluated. Individuals were surveyed for Ba exposure by measurement of serum Ba anti-protective antigen (PA) specific IgG antibodies using a newly developed fluorescent covalent microsphere immunoassay (FCMIA). Four sera gave positive anti-PA IgG results (defined as anti-PA IgG concentrations > or = the mean microg/ml anti-PA IgG from donor control sera (n = 13 plus 2 SD which were also inhibited > or = 85% when the serum was pre-adsorbed with PA). The positive sera were the pre-entry and follow up samples of two workers who had received their last dose of anthrax vaccine in 2000. It appears that the sampling/decontamination workers of the present study either had insufficient exposure to Ba spores to cause the production of anti-PA IgG antibodies or they were exposed to anthrax spores without producing antibody. The FCMIA appears to be a fast, sensitive, accurate, and precise method for the measurement of anti-PA IgG antibodies. JF - Occupational and environmental medicine AU - Biagini, R E AU - Sammons, D L AU - Smith, J P AU - Page, E H AU - Snawder, J E AU - Striley, C A F AU - MacKenzie, B A AD - Division of Applied Research and Technology, Biomonitoring and Health Assessment Branch, Biological Monitoring Laboratory Section, CDC/NIOSH MS C-26, Robert A. Taft Laboratories, 4676 Columbia Parkway, Cincinnati, OH 45226, USA. rbiagini@cdc.gov Y1 - 2004/08// PY - 2004 DA - August 2004 SP - 703 EP - 708 VL - 61 IS - 8 KW - Antibodies, Bacterial KW - 0 KW - Antigens, Bacterial KW - Immunoglobulin G KW - Index Medicus KW - Decontamination -- methods KW - Immunoassay -- methods KW - Fluorescence KW - Humans KW - Adult KW - Florida KW - Microspheres KW - Environmental Monitoring -- methods KW - Immunoglobulin G -- blood KW - Antibodies, Bacterial -- blood KW - Occupational Exposure -- adverse effects KW - Antigens, Bacterial -- immunology KW - Bioterrorism KW - Bacillus anthracis -- immunology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/66722049?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Occupational+and+environmental+medicine&rft.atitle=Determination+of+serum+IgG+antibodies+to+Bacillus+anthracis+protective+antigen+in+environmental+sampling+workers+using+a+fluorescent+covalent+microsphere+immunoassay.&rft.au=Biagini%2C+R+E%3BSammons%2C+D+L%3BSmith%2C+J+P%3BPage%2C+E+H%3BSnawder%2C+J+E%3BStriley%2C+C+A+F%3BMacKenzie%2C+B+A&rft.aulast=Biagini&rft.aufirst=R&rft.date=2004-08-01&rft.volume=61&rft.issue=8&rft.spage=703&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Occupational+and+environmental+medicine&rft.issn=1470-7926&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 2004-08-30 N1 - Date created - 2004-07-19 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - SuppNotes - Cited By: Clin Diagn Lab Immunol. 2002 May;9(3):633-8 [11986272] JAMA. 2002 May 1;287(17):2236-52 [11980524] Emerg Infect Dis. 2002 Oct;8(10):1029-34 [12396910] Emerg Infect Dis. 2002 Oct;8(10):1103-10 [12396924] JAMA. 2002 Dec 11;288(22):2853-8 [12472327] Clin Diagn Lab Immunol. 2003 Jan;10(1):133-9 [12522051] J Clin Microbiol. 1984 Sep;20(3):357-61 [6436303] Med Microbiol Immunol. 1988;177(5):293-303 [3139974] J Infect Dis. 1993 May;167(5):1239-43 [8486963] Clin Diagn Lab Immunol. 1994 Jan;1(1):78-82 [7496927] Clin Chem. 1997 Sep;43(9):1799-801 [9299987] Clin Diagn Lab Immunol. 1999 Nov;6(6):832-7 [10548572] Biotechniques. 2001 Mar;30(3):661-6, 668-9 [11252801] Infect Immun. 2001 May;69(5):2888-93 [11292703] Hum Mutat. 2001 Apr;17(4):305-16 [11295829] Microbiology. 2001 Jun;147(Pt 6):1677-85 [11390699] Genome Res. 2001 Nov;11(11):1888-98 [11691854] N Engl J Med. 2001 Nov 29;345(22):1607-10 [11704685] Clin Diagn Lab Immunol. 2002 Jan;9(1):41-5 [11777827] Lancet. 2002 Feb 23;359(9307):710-1 [11879895] Am J Clin Pathol. 2002 Apr;117(4):589-96 [11939734] Bull Environ Contam Toxicol. 2002 Apr;68(4):470-7 [12069049] N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - HIV Status and Union Dissolution in Sub-Saharan Africa: The Case of Rakai, Uganda AN - 60539221; 200510494 AB - Little is known about the impact of HIV infection on the disruption of families through separation, divorce, & widowhood. Using life tables & multinomial logistic regression, this research examined the influence of HIV status on the risk of separation or divorce & widowhood among women in Rakai, Uganda. The multivariate results revealed that dissolution is more common among HIV-infected women & that infected women in HIV-discordant couples are especially likely to face separation or divorce than women in other HIV-status couples. These results highlight women's vulnerability to the social impact of HIV infection & the importance of dyadic studies of the disruption of unions. 6 Tables, 54 References. Adapted from the source document. JF - Demography AU - Porter, Laura AU - Hao, Lingxin AU - Bishai, David AU - Serwadda, David AU - Wawer, Maria J AU - Lutalo, Thomas AU - Gray, Ronald AU - Rakai Project Team AD - Dept Population & Family Health Sciences, Johns Hopkins U lporter@cdc.gov; Rakai Project Team Y1 - 2004/08// PY - 2004 DA - August 2004 SP - 465 EP - 482 VL - 41 IS - 3 SN - 0070-3370, 0070-3370 KW - Divorce KW - Widowhood KW - Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndrome KW - Marital Disruption KW - Uganda KW - Females KW - article KW - 1837: demography and human biology; demography (population studies) KW - 1941: the family and socialization; sociology of the family, marriage, & divorce UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/60539221?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Asocabs&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Demography&rft.atitle=HIV+Status+and+Union+Dissolution+in+Sub-Saharan+Africa%3A+The+Case+of+Rakai%2C+Uganda&rft.au=Porter%2C+Laura%3BHao%2C+Lingxin%3BBishai%2C+David%3BSerwadda%2C+David%3BWawer%2C+Maria+J%3BLutalo%2C+Thomas%3BGray%2C+Ronald%3BRakai+Project+Team&rft.aulast=Porter&rft.aufirst=Laura&rft.date=2004-08-01&rft.volume=41&rft.issue=3&rft.spage=465&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Demography&rft.issn=00703370&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - Sociological Abstracts N1 - Date revised - 2007-04-01 N1 - Number of references - 54 N1 - Last updated - 2016-09-28 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndrome; Uganda; Females; Marital Disruption; Widowhood; Divorce ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Paradox Lost: Explaining the Hispanic Adult Mortality Advantage AN - 60522883; 200510492 AB - We tested three competing hypotheses regarding the adult "Hispanic mortality paradox": data artifact, migration, & cultural or social buffering effects. On the basis of a series of parametric hazard models estimated on nine years of mortality follow-up data, our results suggest that the "Hispanic" mortality advantage is a feature found only among foreign-born Mexicans & foreign-born Hispanics other than Cubans or Puerto Ricans. Our analysis suggests that the foreign-born Mexican advantage can be attributed to return migration, or the "salmon-bias" effect. However, we were unable to account for the mortality advantage observed among other foreign-born Hispanics. 5 Tables, 1 Figure, 33 References. Adapted from the source document. JF - Demography AU - Palloni, Alberto AU - Arias, Elizabeth AD - c/o Arias -- National Center Health Statistics, Hyattsville, MD Y1 - 2004/08// PY - 2004 DA - August 2004 SP - 385 EP - 415 VL - 41 IS - 3 SN - 0070-3370, 0070-3370 KW - Caribbean Cultural Groups KW - Mortality Rates KW - Hispanic Americans KW - Ethnicity KW - Latin American Cultural Groups KW - Immigrants KW - United States of America KW - Adults KW - Puerto Rican Americans KW - article KW - 1837: demography and human biology; demography (population studies) UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/60522883?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Asocabs&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Demography&rft.atitle=Paradox+Lost%3A+Explaining+the+Hispanic+Adult+Mortality+Advantage&rft.au=Palloni%2C+Alberto%3BArias%2C+Elizabeth&rft.aulast=Palloni&rft.aufirst=Alberto&rft.date=2004-08-01&rft.volume=41&rft.issue=3&rft.spage=385&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Demography&rft.issn=00703370&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - Sociological Abstracts N1 - Date revised - 2007-04-01 N1 - Number of references - 33 N1 - Last updated - 2016-09-28 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Mortality Rates; Ethnicity; Hispanic Americans; Adults; United States of America; Latin American Cultural Groups; Caribbean Cultural Groups; Puerto Rican Americans; Immigrants ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Projected temperature changes along the American Cordillera and the planned GCOS network AN - 51692047; 2005-053499 JF - Geophysical Research Letters AU - Bradley, Raymond S AU - Keimig, Frank T AU - Diaz, Henry F Y1 - 2004/08// PY - 2004 DA - August 2004 SP - 4 PB - American Geophysical Union, Washington, DC VL - 31 IS - 16 SN - 0094-8276, 0094-8276 KW - terrestrial environment KW - permafrost KW - tundra KW - climate change KW - temperature KW - GCOS network KW - carbon dioxide KW - Global Climate Observing System KW - South American Cordillera KW - mass balance KW - snow KW - greenhouse effect KW - North America KW - general circulation models KW - Andes KW - Eastern Cordillera KW - monthly variations KW - monitoring KW - glaciers KW - atmosphere KW - boreal environment KW - South America KW - air KW - North American Cordillera KW - meltwater KW - 22:Environmental geology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/51692047?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Ageorefmodule&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Geophysical+Research+Letters&rft.atitle=Projected+temperature+changes+along+the+American+Cordillera+and+the+planned+GCOS+network&rft.au=Bradley%2C+Raymond+S%3BKeimig%2C+Frank+T%3BDiaz%2C+Henry+F&rft.aulast=Bradley&rft.aufirst=Raymond&rft.date=2004-08-01&rft.volume=31&rft.issue=16&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Geophysical+Research+Letters&rft.issn=00948276&rft_id=info:doi/10.1029%2F2004GL020229 L2 - http://www.agu.org/journals/gl/ LA - English DB - GeoRef N1 - Copyright - GeoRef, Copyright 2012, American Geosciences Institute. N1 - Date revised - 2005-01-01 N1 - Number of references - 20 N1 - PubXState - DC N1 - Document feature - illus. incl. 1 table, geol. sketch map N1 - Last updated - 2012-06-07 N1 - CODEN - GPRLAJ N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - air; Andes; atmosphere; boreal environment; carbon dioxide; climate change; Eastern Cordillera; GCOS network; general circulation models; glaciers; Global Climate Observing System; greenhouse effect; mass balance; meltwater; monitoring; monthly variations; North America; North American Cordillera; permafrost; snow; South America; South American Cordillera; temperature; terrestrial environment; tundra DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1029/2004GL020229 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Can changes in sexual behaviors among high school students explain the decline in teen pregnancy rates in the 1990s? AN - 20575143; 8114934 AB - Purpose To explore the utility of using national data from high school students to explain changes in national declines in pregnancy rates. Although declines in teen pregnancy and birthrates in the 1990s have been welcome news to those interested in adolescent health and welfare, the reasons for these declines are not readily apparent. Previous attempts to explain these declines focused on the period before 1995 and did not directly calculate the impact of improved contraceptive use. Methods The national Youth Risk Behavior Survey provided estimates for sexual activity and contraceptive use among teens aged 15-17 years between 1991 and 2001 (n = 31,058). These data were combined with method-specific contraceptive failure rates (CFRs) derived from the 1988 and 1995 National Survey of Family Growth and pregnancy rates from the National Vital Statistics System. We calculated weighted-average CFRs (WACFR) and used the annual rate of change in the WACFR and sexual activity to estimate their relative contributions to the annual change in risk of pregnancy. Weighted least-squares regression in SUDAAN was used to test change over time. Results Between 1991 and 2001, annual rates of change in sexual behaviors were -1.7% for sexual experience and -1.6% for the WACFR. Improvements in WACFR resulted primarily from a decline in use of withdrawal (from 20% to 13%) and use of no method (from 17% to 13%) and an increase in condom use (40% to 51%). Recent sexual intercourse (i.e., intercourse during the past 3 months among teens who had ever had intercourse) did not change over time. The change in the estimated risk of pregnancy closely approximated the annual decline in the pregnancy rates for blacks and Hispanics but underestimated the actual decline for whites. Overall, 53% of the decline in pregnancy rates can be attributed to decreased sexual experience (95%CI 26% to 79%) and 47% to improved contraceptive use (95%CI 21% to 74%). Conclusions Use of school-based behavior data reflects well the pregnancy experience for school-age black and Hispanic adolescents, but does not track well with the pregnancy risk of white adolescents. Care should be taken in attributing changes in pregnancy rates to changes in behavior, given broad confidence intervals around these estimates. These data suggest that both delayed initiation of sexual intercourse and improved contraceptive practice contributed equally to declines in pregnancy rates among high school-aged teens during the 1990s; however, estimates varied among racial and ethnic groups. JF - Journal of Adolescent Health AU - Santelli, John S AU - Abma, Joyce AU - Ventura, Stephanie AU - Lindberg, Laura AU - Morrow, Brian AU - Anderson, John E AU - Lyss, Sheryl AU - Hamilton, Brady E AD - National Center for Chronic Disease Prevention and Health Promotion, National Center for Health Statistics, and National Center for HIV, STD, and TB Prevention at the US Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia, USA and Hyattsville, Maryland, jfs8@cdc.gov Y1 - 2004/08// PY - 2004 DA - Aug 2004 SP - 80 EP - 90 PB - Elsevier Science, The Boulevard Langford Lane Kidlington Oxford OX5 1GB UK, [mailto:usinfo-f@elsevier.com], [URL:http://www.elsevier.nl] VL - 35 IS - 2 SN - 1054-139X, 1054-139X KW - Risk Abstracts KW - sexual behavior KW - contraceptives KW - Pregnancy KW - condoms KW - Ethnic groups KW - vital statistics KW - Adolescents KW - R2 23060:Medical and environmental health UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/20575143?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Ariskabstracts&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Adolescent+Health&rft.atitle=Can+changes+in+sexual+behaviors+among+high+school+students+explain+the+decline+in+teen+pregnancy+rates+in+the+1990s%3F&rft.au=Santelli%2C+John+S%3BAbma%2C+Joyce%3BVentura%2C+Stephanie%3BLindberg%2C+Laura%3BMorrow%2C+Brian%3BAnderson%2C+John+E%3BLyss%2C+Sheryl%3BHamilton%2C+Brady+E&rft.aulast=Santelli&rft.aufirst=John&rft.date=2004-08-01&rft.volume=35&rft.issue=2&rft.spage=80&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+Adolescent+Health&rft.issn=1054139X&rft_id=info:doi/10.1016%2Fj.jadohealth.2004.05.001 LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2008-04-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Pregnancy; contraceptives; Adolescents; sexual behavior; vital statistics; condoms; Ethnic groups DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jadohealth.2004.05.001 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Comparison of four polymerase chain reaction assays for specificity in the identification of Streptococcus pneumoniae AN - 19756498; 7583503 AB - We determined the usefulness of 4 conventional polymerase chain reaction (PCR) assays, lytA, psaA, and two primer sets from the ply gene, for accuracy in the discrimination of nontypeable (NT) Streptococcus pneumoniae from closely related atypical streptococci. The study used 100 strains. We compared the PCR results with laboratory tests that included optochin (ethylhydrocupreine hydrochloride) sensitivity, bile solubility, the Quellung reaction, and AccuProbe (Gen-Probe Inc., San Diego, CA). These latter tests did not discriminate the atypical streptococci from the NT pneumococci. All PCR primer sets amplified the NT pneumococcal isolates in agreement with the other laboratory tests. However, the IA and IB ply primers were positive for 8 of the 16 atypical streptococcal isolates, and the IIA and IIB ply primers amplified all atypical isolates. The psaA primers had only one discrepant result, a positive among the atypical streptococci. The lytA primers were the most specific with 100% specificity for all strains tested. JF - Diagnostic Microbiology and Infectious Disease AU - Messmer, Trudy O AU - Sampson, Jacquelyn S AU - Stinson, Annie AU - Wong, Betty AU - Carlone, George M AU - Facklam, Richard R AD - Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA, USA, tmessmer@cdc.gov Y1 - 2004/08// PY - 2004 DA - Aug 2004 SP - 249 EP - 254 PB - Elsevier Science Inc., Box 882 New York NY 10159 USA, [mailto:usinfo-f@elsevier.com] VL - 49 IS - 4 SN - 0732-8893, 0732-8893 KW - Microbiology Abstracts B: Bacteriology KW - S. pneumoniae KW - PCR KW - ply gene KW - Streptococcus pneumoniae KW - Solubility KW - Bile KW - Polymerase chain reaction KW - J 02300:Methods UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/19756498?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologyb&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Diagnostic+Microbiology+and+Infectious+Disease&rft.atitle=Comparison+of+four+polymerase+chain+reaction+assays+for+specificity+in+the+identification+of+Streptococcus+pneumoniae&rft.au=Messmer%2C+Trudy+O%3BSampson%2C+Jacquelyn+S%3BStinson%2C+Annie%3BWong%2C+Betty%3BCarlone%2C+George+M%3BFacklam%2C+Richard+R&rft.aulast=Messmer&rft.aufirst=Trudy&rft.date=2004-08-01&rft.volume=49&rft.issue=4&rft.spage=249&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Diagnostic+Microbiology+and+Infectious+Disease&rft.issn=07328893&rft_id=info:doi/10.1016%2Fj.diagmicrobio.2004.04.013 LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2007-09-01 N1 - Last updated - 2015-04-01 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - ply gene; Solubility; Bile; Polymerase chain reaction; Streptococcus pneumoniae DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.diagmicrobio.2004.04.013 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Hair Mercury Levels in U.S. Children and Women of Childbearing Age: Reference Range Data from NHANES 1999-2000 AN - 19431798; 6000840 AB - Exposure to methyl mercury, a risk factor for neurodevelopmental toxicity, was assessed in U.S. children 1-5 years of age (n = 838) and women 16-49 years of age (n = 1,726) using hair mercury analysis during the 1999-2000 National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES). The data are nationally representative and are based on analysis of cross-sectional data for the non-institutionalized, U.S. household population. The survey consisted of interviews conducted in participants' homes and standardized health examinations conducted in mobile examination centers. Distributions of total hair mercury levels expressed as micrograms per gram hair Hg and the association of hair Hg levels with sociodemographic characteristics and fish consumption are reported. Geometric mean (standard error of the geometric mean) hair mercury was 0.12 mu g/g (0.01 mu g/g) in children, and 0.20 mu g/g (0.02 mu g/g) in women. Among frequent fish consumers, geometric mean hair mercury levels were 3-fold higher for women (0.38 vs. 0.11 mu g/g) and 2-fold higher for children (0.16 vs. 0.08 mu g/g) compared with nonconsumers. The NHANES 1999-2000 data provide population-based data on hair mercury concentrations for women and children in the United States. Hair mercury levels were associated with age and fish consumption frequency. JF - Environmental Health Perspectives AU - McDowell, MA AU - Dillon, C F AU - Osterloh, J AU - Bolger, P M AU - Pellizzari, E AU - Fernando, R AU - de Oca, RM AU - Schober, SE AU - Sinks, T AU - Jones, R L AU - Mahaffey, K R AD - National Center for Health Statistics, 3311 Toledo Rd., Room 4335, Hyattsville, MD 20782, USA, MMcDowell@cdc.gov Y1 - 2004/08// PY - 2004 DA - Aug 2004 SP - 1165 EP - 1171 VL - 112 IS - 11 SN - 0091-6765, 0091-6765 KW - females KW - man KW - Health & Safety Science Abstracts; Pollution Abstracts; Toxicology Abstracts KW - Methylmercury KW - Age KW - Heavy metals KW - Children KW - Hair KW - USA KW - Neurotoxicity KW - Mercury KW - Seafood KW - X 24166:Environmental impact KW - H 12000:Epidemiology and Public Health KW - P 6000:TOXICOLOGY AND HEALTH UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/19431798?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxicologyabstracts&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Environmental+Health+Perspectives&rft.atitle=Hair+Mercury+Levels+in+U.S.+Children+and+Women+of+Childbearing+Age%3A+Reference+Range+Data+from+NHANES+1999-2000&rft.au=McDowell%2C+MA%3BDillon%2C+C+F%3BOsterloh%2C+J%3BBolger%2C+P+M%3BPellizzari%2C+E%3BFernando%2C+R%3Bde+Oca%2C+RM%3BSchober%2C+SE%3BSinks%2C+T%3BJones%2C+R+L%3BMahaffey%2C+K+R&rft.aulast=McDowell&rft.aufirst=MA&rft.date=2004-08-01&rft.volume=112&rft.issue=11&rft.spage=1165&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Environmental+Health+Perspectives&rft.issn=00916765&rft_id=info:doi/10.1289%2Fehp.7046 LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2004-10-01 N1 - Last updated - 2015-03-24 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Heavy metals; Mercury; Children; Hair; Methylmercury; Age; Neurotoxicity; Seafood; USA DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1289/ehp.7046 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Arsenic and urinary bladder cell proliferation AN - 18059438; 6045926 AB - Epidemiologic studies have demonstrated that a close association exists between the elevated levels of arsenic in drinking water and the incidence of certain cancers, including transitional cell carcinomas of the urinary bladder. We have employed in vitro and in vivo models to examine the effects of sodium arsenite on the urinary bladder epithelium. Mice exposed to 0.01% sodium arsenite in drinking water demonstrated hyperproliferation of the bladder uroepithelium within 4 weeks after initiating treatment. This occurred in the absence of amorphous precipitates and was accompanied by the accumulation of trivalent arsenite (iAs super(3+)), and to a lesser extent dimethylarsenic (DMA), arsenate (iAs super(5+)), and monomethylarsenic (MMA) in bladder tissue. In contrast to the bladder, urinary secretion was primarily in the form of DMA and MMA. Arsenic-induced cell proliferation in the bladder epithelium was correlated with activation of the MAP kinase pathway, leading to extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK) kinase activity, AP-1 activation, and expression of AP-1-associated genes involved in cell proliferation. Activation of the MAP kinase pathway involved both epidermal growth factor (EGF) receptor-dependent and -independent events, the latter involving Src activation. Studies summarized in this review suggest that arsenic accumulates in urinary bladder epithelium causing activation of specific signaling pathways that lead to chronic increased cell proliferation. This may play a non-epigenetic role in carcinogenesis by increasing the proliferation of initiated cells or increasing the mutational rate. JF - Toxicology and Applied Pharmacology AU - Luster, MI AU - Simeonova, P P AD - Inflammatory Disease Teams, Toxicology and Molecular Biology Branch, Health Effects Laboratory Division, National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, Morgantown, WV 26505-2888, USA, mluster@cdc.gov Y1 - 2004/08/01/ PY - 2004 DA - 2004 Aug 01 SP - 419 EP - 423 PB - Elsevier Inc. VL - 198 IS - 3 SN - 0041-008X, 0041-008X KW - monomethylarsenic acid KW - dimethylarsenic acid KW - Toxicology Abstracts KW - MAP kinase KW - Sodium arsenite KW - Urinary bladder KW - Secretion KW - Animal models KW - transitional cell carcinoma KW - Cancer KW - Cell activation KW - Extracellular signal-regulated kinase KW - Reviews KW - Carcinogenesis KW - Src protein KW - Drinking water KW - Epidermal growth factor KW - Cell proliferation KW - X 24164:Pathology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/18059438?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxicologyabstracts&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Toxicology+and+Applied+Pharmacology&rft.atitle=Arsenic+and+urinary+bladder+cell+proliferation&rft.au=Luster%2C+MI%3BSimeonova%2C+P+P&rft.aulast=Luster&rft.aufirst=MI&rft.date=2004-08-01&rft.volume=198&rft.issue=3&rft.spage=419&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Toxicology+and+Applied+Pharmacology&rft.issn=0041008X&rft_id=info:doi/10.1016%2Fj.taap.2003.07.017 LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Urinary bladder; Cell proliferation; Cell activation; Extracellular signal-regulated kinase; Epidermal growth factor; MAP kinase; Drinking water; Sodium arsenite; Reviews; Secretion; Cancer; Src protein; transitional cell carcinoma; Carcinogenesis; Animal models DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.taap.2003.07.017 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Arsenic and atherosclerosis AN - 18048175; 6045929 AB - Epidemiological studies have demonstrated a correlation between environmental or occupational arsenic exposure and a risk of vascular diseases related to atherosclerosis. Studies summarized in this review suggest that arsenic induces endothelial dysfunction, including inflammatory and coagulating activity as well as impairs nitric oxide (NO) balance. This may provide the pathophysiological basis for atherogenic potential of arsenic. Consistent with these data, arsenic accelerates atherosclerosis in apolipoprotein E (ApoE) deficient mice, a model of human atherosclerosis. JF - Toxicology and Applied Pharmacology AU - Simeonova, P P AU - Luster, MI AD - Tissue Injury Team, Toxicology and Molecular Biology Branch, Health Effects Laboratory Division, National Institute of Occupational Safety and Health, Morgantown, WV 26505, USA, psimeonova@cdc.gov Y1 - 2004/08/01/ PY - 2004 DA - 2004 Aug 01 SP - 444 EP - 449 PB - Elsevier Inc. VL - 198 IS - 3 SN - 0041-008X, 0041-008X KW - mice KW - Toxicology Abstracts KW - Arsenic KW - Coagulation KW - Reviews KW - Apolipoprotein E KW - Animal models KW - Nitric oxide KW - Arteriosclerosis KW - Vascular diseases KW - Inflammation KW - X 24165:Biochemistry KW - X 24250:Reviews UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/18048175?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxicologyabstracts&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Toxicology+and+Applied+Pharmacology&rft.atitle=Arsenic+and+atherosclerosis&rft.au=Simeonova%2C+P+P%3BLuster%2C+MI&rft.aulast=Simeonova&rft.aufirst=P&rft.date=2004-08-01&rft.volume=198&rft.issue=3&rft.spage=444&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Toxicology+and+Applied+Pharmacology&rft.issn=0041008X&rft_id=info:doi/10.1016%2Fj.taap.2003.10.018 LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Arsenic; Coagulation; Arteriosclerosis; Apolipoprotein E; Nitric oxide; Reviews; Inflammation; Vascular diseases; Animal models DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.taap.2003.10.018 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - A Field Method for Near Real-Time Analysis of Perchloroethylene in End-Exhaled Breath AN - 18029911; 5982122 AB - The field method for near real-time analysis of perchloroethylene (Perc) in breath is simple, fast, and reproducible for Perc breath analysis in field settings and should prove useful in industrial hygiene practice. The method allows Perc monitoring with good specificity to the sub-part per million (ppm) level within minutes of exposure. A commercially available, portable gas chromatograph with a photoionization detector was used in these analyses. Gas chromatograph settings were optimized in the laboratory for measurement of Perc in Tedlar bags. Laboratory development of the method included evaluation of the sensitivity, specificity, precision, and speed of analysis for Perc. Replicate aliquots of Perc at concentrations ranging from 0.01 to 100 ppm were used to construct a calibration curve. The mean retention time for Perc was 238 sec. The impact of potential interference by acetone, toluene, isoprene, methanol, ethanol, acetaldehyde, carbon tetrachloride, benzene, or chloroform was evaluated by mixing Perc with each compound and performing analyses. Measurements of Perc in human breath samples collected in Tedlar bags in a work-place setting were made and compared to measurements of the same samples made by an established analytical method using charcoal tubes (National Institute of Occupational Safety and Health [NIOSH] Method 1003). The accuracy, precision, and speed of the gas chromatograph method were determined. Measurements made with the new method were within a margin of plus or minus 8.8% (95% CI, n = 6) of measurements made according to NIOSH Method 1003 for field samples in the range of 0.9 to 6 ppm. Method precision was determined by calculating the pooled coefficient of variation for all measurements (replicates = 3) made in the field and was found to be 5.8%. JF - Journal of Occupational and Environmental Hygiene AU - Sweet, N D AU - Burroughs, GE AU - Ewers, L AU - Talaska, G AD - National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, 4676 Columbia Pkwy., Cincinnati, OH 45226, USA, geb1@cdc.gov Y1 - 2004/08// PY - 2004 DA - Aug 2004 SP - 515 EP - 520 VL - 1 IS - 8 SN - 1545-9624, 1545-9624 KW - man KW - Toxicology Abstracts; Health & Safety Science Abstracts KW - Charcoal KW - Acetaldehyde KW - Toluene KW - Methanol KW - Benzene KW - Perchloroethylene KW - Chloroform KW - Carbon tetrachloride KW - Gas chromatography KW - Isoprene KW - Acetone KW - Tetrachloroethylene KW - Occupational exposure KW - perchloroethylene KW - Ethanol KW - X 24222:Analytical procedures KW - H 1000:Occupational Safety and Health UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/18029911?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxicologyabstracts&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Occupational+and+Environmental+Hygiene&rft.atitle=A+Field+Method+for+Near+Real-Time+Analysis+of+Perchloroethylene+in+End-Exhaled+Breath&rft.au=Sweet%2C+N+D%3BBurroughs%2C+GE%3BEwers%2C+L%3BTalaska%2C+G&rft.aulast=Sweet&rft.aufirst=N&rft.date=2004-08-01&rft.volume=1&rft.issue=8&rft.spage=515&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+Occupational+and+Environmental+Hygiene&rft.issn=15459624&rft_id=info:doi/10.1080%2F15459620490472921 LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Last updated - 2015-03-24 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Chloroform; Carbon tetrachloride; Gas chromatography; Toluene; Acetaldehyde; Methanol; Isoprene; Tetrachloroethylene; Acetone; perchloroethylene; Benzene; Ethanol; Charcoal; Occupational exposure; Perchloroethylene DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/15459620490472921 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Noise Exposure and Hearing Loss Among Sand and Gravel Miners AN - 18020945; 5982124 AB - The objectives of this study were to describe workplace noise exposures, risk factors for hearing loss, and hearing levels among sand and gravel miners, and to determine whether full shift noise exposures resulted in changes in hearing thresholds from baseline values. Sand and gravel miners (n = 317) were interviewed regarding medical history, leisure-time and occupational noise exposure, other occupational exposures, and use of hearing protection. Audiometric tests were performed both before the work shift (following a 12-hour noise-free interval) and immediately following the work shift. Full shift noise dosimetry was conducted. Miners' noise exposures exceeded the Recommended Exposure Limit (REL) of the National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH) for 69% of workers, and exceeded the Mine Safety and Health Administration's action level for enrollment in a hearing conservation program for 41% of workers. Significantly higher noise exposures occurred among employees of small companies, among workers with a job classification of truck driver, among males, and among black workers. Hearing protection usage was low, with 48% of subjects reporting that they never used hearing protection. Hearing impairment, as defined by NIOSH, was present among 37% of 275 subjects with valid audiograms. Black male workers and white male workers had higher hearing thresholds than males from a comparison North Carolina population unexposed to industrial noise. Small but statistically significant changes in hearing thresholds occurred following full shift noise exposure among subjects who had good hearing sensitivity at baseline. In a logistic regression model, age and history of a past noisy job were significant predictors of hearing impairment. Overall, sand and gravel workers have excessive noise exposures and significant hearing loss, and demonstrate inadequate use of hearing protection. Well-designed hearing conservation programs, with reduction of noise exposure, are clearly needed. JF - Journal of Occupational and Environmental Hygiene AU - Landen, D AU - Wilkins, S AU - Stephenson, M AU - McWilliams, L AD - Pittsburgh Research Laboratory, NIOSH, 626 Cochrans Mill Rd., Pittsburgh, PA 15236, USA, dlanden@cdc.gov Y1 - 2004/08// PY - 2004 DA - Aug 2004 SP - 532 EP - 541 VL - 1 IS - 8 SN - 1545-9624, 1545-9624 KW - sand and gravel miners KW - Risk Abstracts; Pollution Abstracts; Health & Safety Science Abstracts KW - Industrial noise KW - Occupational exposure KW - Noise levels KW - Hearing loss KW - R2 23080:Industrial and labor KW - P 7000:NOISE KW - H 1000:Occupational Safety and Health UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/18020945?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Ariskabstracts&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Occupational+and+Environmental+Hygiene&rft.atitle=Noise+Exposure+and+Hearing+Loss+Among+Sand+and+Gravel+Miners&rft.au=Landen%2C+D%3BWilkins%2C+S%3BStephenson%2C+M%3BMcWilliams%2C+L&rft.aulast=Landen&rft.aufirst=D&rft.date=2004-08-01&rft.volume=1&rft.issue=8&rft.spage=532&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+Occupational+and+Environmental+Hygiene&rft.issn=15459624&rft_id=info:doi/10.1080%2F15459620490476503 LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Hearing loss; Occupational exposure; Noise levels; Industrial noise DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/15459620490476503 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Levels of Persistent Organic Chemicals in Human Milk at Two U.S. Locations AN - 17706345; 6056954 AB - The levels of these chemicals in human milk suggest that the local population's exposure to organochlorine pesticides is decreasing over time, and that to PBDEs are higher than other countries. The levels of the nitro-musk oils are initial evidence that they are present in human milk from the United States. The health significance of these chemicals in human milk remains to be determined. JF - Journal of Toxicology: Clinical Toxicology AU - Wang, R Y AU - Needham, L L AD - Division of Laboratory Sciences, NCEH, CDC, Atlanta, GA, USA Y1 - 2004/08// PY - 2004 DA - Aug 2004 SP - 806 PB - Marcel Dekker Journals, 270 Madison Ave. New York NY 10016-0602 USA VL - 42 IS - 5 SN - 0731-3810, 0731-3810 KW - Toxicology Abstracts KW - USA KW - Milk KW - Oils KW - Pesticides (organochlorine) KW - X 24120:Food, additives & contaminants KW - X 24156:Environmental impact UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/17706345?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxicologyabstracts&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=conference&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Toxicology%3A+Clinical+Toxicology&rft.atitle=Levels+of+Persistent+Organic+Chemicals+in+Human+Milk+at+Two+U.S.+Locations&rft.au=Wang%2C+R+Y%3BNeedham%2C+L+L&rft.aulast=Wang&rft.aufirst=R&rft.date=2004-08-01&rft.volume=42&rft.issue=5&rft.spage=806&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+Toxicology%3A+Clinical+Toxicology&rft.issn=07313810&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Last updated - 2015-03-24 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Milk; Oils; Pesticides (organochlorine); USA ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Blood and Urinary Metal Levels in Pregnant Women from the United States AN - 17705063; 6056953 AB - Conclusion: The levels for several metals are reported in the blood and urine of pregnant women from the U.S. general population. Certain urinary metal levels are noted to be higher during pregnancy and require further investigations to explain. JF - Journal of Toxicology: Clinical Toxicology AU - Wang, R Y AU - Jain, R AU - Jones, R AU - Caldwell, K AU - Needham, L L AU - Sampson, E AD - Division of Laboratory Sciences, NCEH/ATSDR, CDC, Atlanta, GA, US 30341 Y1 - 2004/08// PY - 2004 DA - Aug 2004 SP - 805 PB - Marcel Dekker Journals, 270 Madison Ave. New York NY 10016-0602 USA VL - 42 IS - 5 SN - 0731-3810, 0731-3810 KW - Toxicology Abstracts KW - Metals KW - Blood KW - USA KW - Urine KW - Pregnancy KW - X 24163:Metabolism UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/17705063?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxicologyabstracts&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=conference&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Toxicology%3A+Clinical+Toxicology&rft.atitle=Blood+and+Urinary+Metal+Levels+in+Pregnant+Women+from+the+United+States&rft.au=Wang%2C+R+Y%3BJain%2C+R%3BJones%2C+R%3BCaldwell%2C+K%3BNeedham%2C+L+L%3BSampson%2C+E&rft.aulast=Wang&rft.aufirst=R&rft.date=2004-08-01&rft.volume=42&rft.issue=5&rft.spage=805&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+Toxicology%3A+Clinical+Toxicology&rft.issn=07313810&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Last updated - 2015-03-24 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Blood; Metals; Urine; Pregnancy; USA ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Detection of Toxaphene Congeners in Native Alaskan Women AN - 17704139; 6056951 AB - The insecticide Toxaphene has been banned in many countries during the last two decades because of its carcinogenicity in experimental animals, environmental persistence, bioaccumulation, and potential for global dispersion. However, recent detection of Toxaphene in freshwater fish from the Arctic, an area where Toxaphene was never used, prompts concern about potential on-going human exposure. Using a newly developed laboratory method, we determine whether Toxaphene is present in Alaska Native women and, if so, whether levels correlate with age and proximity to freshwater. JF - Journal of Toxicology: Clinical Toxicology AU - Patel, M AU - Berner, J AU - Sjodin, A AU - Patterson, DG Jr AU - Needham, L AU - Holmes, A AU - Rubin, C AD - CDC, Atlanta, GA, USA Y1 - 2004/08// PY - 2004 DA - Aug 2004 SP - 804 PB - Marcel Dekker Journals, 270 Madison Ave. New York NY 10016-0602 USA VL - 42 IS - 5 SN - 0731-3810, 0731-3810 KW - Toxicology Abstracts KW - Fresh water KW - Age KW - Insecticides KW - Bioaccumulation KW - Freshwater environments KW - Carcinogenicity KW - Congeners KW - Toxaphene KW - X 24133:Metabolism KW - X 24221:Toxicity testing UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/17704139?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxicologyabstracts&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=conference&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Toxicology%3A+Clinical+Toxicology&rft.atitle=Detection+of+Toxaphene+Congeners+in+Native+Alaskan+Women&rft.au=Patel%2C+M%3BBerner%2C+J%3BSjodin%2C+A%3BPatterson%2C+DG+Jr%3BNeedham%2C+L%3BHolmes%2C+A%3BRubin%2C+C&rft.aulast=Patel&rft.aufirst=M&rft.date=2004-08-01&rft.volume=42&rft.issue=5&rft.spage=804&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+Toxicology%3A+Clinical+Toxicology&rft.issn=07313810&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Last updated - 2015-03-24 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Age; Fresh water; Bioaccumulation; Insecticides; Carcinogenicity; Freshwater environments; Congeners; Toxaphene ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Solitary Pulmonary Nodules: Dynamic Contrast-enhanced MR Imaging-Perfusion Differences in Malignant and Benign Lesions AN - 17692977; 5969484 AB - PURPOSE: To determine whether dynamic contrast material-enhanced magnetic resonance (MR) imaging with use of kinetic and morphologic parameters reveals statistically significant differences between malignant and benign solitary pulmonary nodules. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Fifty-eight patients met the inclusion criteria of a solitary 5-40-mm pulmonary nodule without calcification or fat at computed tomography. Fifty-one patients were examined successfully; 46 received a histologic diagnosis, and five received a diagnosis by means of observation over 2 years. Dynamic MR images were acquired every 10 seconds for a total of 4 minutes. Diagnostic characteristics for differentiation were examined by using threshold values for maximum peak enhancement, slope of enhancement, and washout. Receiver operating characteristic curves were calculated to test the usefulness of these parameters. The diagnostic performance of a combination of curve profiles and morphologic contrast material distribution were tested by using a decision tree. RESULTS: Frequency of malignancy was 53% (27 of 51 nodules). Malignant nodules showed stronger enhancement with a higher maximum peak and a faster slope (P 0.1% increase in signal intensity per second) was found only in malignant lesions (14 of 27 lesions). Sensitivity, specificity, and accuracy were 96%, 88%, and 92%, respectively, for maximum peak; 96%, 75%, and 86% for slope; and 52%, 100%, and 75% for washout. When curve profiles and morphologic enhancement patterns were combined, sensitivity increased to 100%. CONCLUSION: Dynamic MR imaging delineates significant kinetic and morphologic differences in vascularity and perfusion between malignant and benign solitary pulmonary nodules. Washout seems to be highly specific for malignancy. RSNA, 2004 JF - Radiology AU - Schaefer, Juergen F AU - Vollmar, Joachim AU - Schick, Fritz AU - Vonthein, Reinhard AU - Seemann, Marcus D AU - Aebert, Herrmann AU - Dierkesmann, Rainer AU - Friedel, Godehard AU - Claussen, Claus D AD - Department of Diagnostic Radiology (J.F.S., J.V., M.D.S., C.D.C.), Section of Experimental Radiology (F.S.), Department of Medical Biometry (R.V.), and Department of Cardiovascular and Thoracic Surgery (H.A.), Eberhard-Karls- University Tuebingen, Hoppe-Seyler-Str 3, 72076 Tuebingen, Germany Y1 - 2004/08// PY - 2004 DA - Aug 2004 SP - 544 EP - 553 PB - Radiological Society of North America, 820 Jorie Blvd. Oak Brook Illinois 60523-2251 USA VL - 232 IS - 2 SN - 0033-8419, 0033-8419 KW - Biotechnology and Bioengineering Abstracts; Bioengineering Abstracts KW - W4 150:Medical Imaging KW - W 30965:Miscellaneous, Reviews UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/17692977?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Abiotechresearch&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Radiology&rft.atitle=Solitary+Pulmonary+Nodules%3A+Dynamic+Contrast-enhanced+MR+Imaging-Perfusion+Differences+in+Malignant+and+Benign+Lesions&rft.au=Schaefer%2C+Juergen+F%3BVollmar%2C+Joachim%3BSchick%2C+Fritz%3BVonthein%2C+Reinhard%3BSeemann%2C+Marcus+D%3BAebert%2C+Herrmann%3BDierkesmann%2C+Rainer%3BFriedel%2C+Godehard%3BClaussen%2C+Claus+D&rft.aulast=Schaefer&rft.aufirst=Juergen&rft.date=2004-08-01&rft.volume=232&rft.issue=2&rft.spage=544&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Radiology&rft.issn=00338419&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-04-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Surveillance for certain health behaviors among selected local areas--United States, Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System, 2002. AN - 66732311; 15269697 AB - Monitoring risk behaviors for chronic diseases and participation in preventive practices are important for developing effective health education and intervention programs to prevent morbidity and mortality. Therefore, continual monitoring of these behaviors and practices at the state, city, and county levels can assist public health programs in evaluating and monitoring progress toward improving their community's health. Data collected in 2002 are presented for states, selected metropolitan, and micropolitan statistical areas (MMSA), and their counties. The Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System (BRFSS) is an on-going, state-based, telephone survey of the civilian, noninstitutionalized population aged >18 years. All 50 states, the District of Columbia (DC), Guam, the Virgin Islands, and the Commonwealth of Puerto Rico participated in BRFSS during 2002. Metropolitan and MMSA and their counties with >500 respondents or a minimum sample size of 19 per weighting class were included in the analyses for a total of 98 MMSA and 146 counties. Prevalence of high-risk behaviors for chronic diseases, awareness of certain medical conditions, and use of preventive health-care services varied substantially by state, county, and MMSA. Obesity ranged from 27.6% in West Virginia, 29.4% in Charleston, West Virginia, and 32.0% in Florence County, South Carolina, to 16.5% in Colorado, 12.8% in Bethesda-Frederick-Gaithersburg, Maryland, and 11.8% in Washington County, Rhode Island. No leisuretime physical activity ranged from 33.6% in Tennessee, 36.8% in Miami-Miami Beach-Kendall, Florida, and 36.8% in Miami-Dade County, Florida to 15.0% in Washington, 13.8% in Seattle-Bellevue-Everett Washington, and 11.4% in King County, Washington. Cigarette smoking ranged from 32.6% in Kentucky, 32.8% in Youngstown-Warren- Boardman, Ohio-Pennsylvania, and 31.1% in Jefferson County, Kentucky to 16.4% in California, 13.8% in Ogden- Clearfield, Utah, and 10.9% in Davis County, Utah. Binge drinking ranged from 24.9% in Wisconsin, 26.1% in Fargo, North Dakota-Minnesota, and 25.1% Cass County, North Dakota, to 7.9% in Kentucky, 8.2% in Greensboro- High Point, North Carolina, and 6.6% in Henderson County, North Carolina. At risk for heavy drinking ranged from 8.7% in Arizona, 9.5% in Lebanon, New Hampshire-Vermont, and 11.3% in Richland County, South Carolina, to 2.8% in Utah, 1.9% in Ogden-Clearfield, Utah, and 1.7% in King County, New York. Adults who were told they had diabetes ranged from 10.2% in West Virginia, 11.1% in Charleston, West Virginia, and 11.1% in Richland, South Carolina, to 3.5% in Alaska, 2.7% in Anchorage, Alaska, and 2.4% in Weber County, Utah. Percentage of adults aged>50 years who were ever screened for colorectal cancer ranged from 64.8% in Minnesota, 67.9% in Minneapolis-St. Paul-Bloomington Minnesota-Wisconsin, and 73.6% in Ramsey County, Minnesota, to 39.2% in Hawaii, 30.7% in Kahului-Wailuku, Hawaii, and 30.7% in Maui County, Hawaii. Persons aged >65 years who had received pneumococcal vaccine ranged from 72.5% in North Dakota, 74.8% in Minneapolis-St. Paul-Bloomington, Minnesota-Wisconsin, and 73.1% in Milwaukee County, Wisconsin, to 47.9% in DC, 47.5% in New York-Wayne-White Plains, New York, New Jersey, and 47.9% in DC County, DC. Older adults who had received influenza vaccine ranged from 76.6% in Minnesota, 80.0% in Minneapolis-St. Paul-Bloomington, Minnesota-Wisconsin, and 76.3% in Middlesex County, Massachusetts, to 57.0% in Florida, 55.8% in Houston-Baytown-Sugar Land, Texas, and 56.2% in Cook County, Illinois. BRFSS data indicate substantial variation in high-risk behaviors, participation in preventive healthcare services, and screening among U.S. adults at states and selected local areas, indicating a need for continued efforts to evaluate public health programs or policies designed to reduce morbidity and mortality. Data from BRFSS are useful in developing and guiding public health programs and policies. Therefore, states, selected MMSA, and their counties can use BRFSS data as a tool to prevent premature morbidity and mortality among adult population and to assess progress toward national health objectives. The data indicate a continued need to develop and implement health promotion programs for targeting specific behaviors and practices and serve as a baseline for future surveillance at the local level in the United States. JF - Morbidity and mortality weekly report. Surveillance summaries (Washington, D.C. : 2002) AU - Balluz, Lina AU - Ahluwalia, Indu B AU - Murphy, Wilmon AU - Mokdad, Ali AU - Giles, Wayne AU - Harris, Virginia Bales AD - Division of Adult and Community Health, National Center for Chronic Disease Prevention and Health Promotion, USA. Y1 - 2004/07/23/ PY - 2004 DA - 2004 Jul 23 SP - 1 EP - 100 VL - 53 IS - 5 KW - Influenza Vaccines KW - 0 KW - Pneumococcal Vaccines KW - Ethanol KW - 3K9958V90M KW - Index Medicus KW - Uterine Cervical Neoplasms -- prevention & control KW - Vaccination -- utilization KW - Alcoholic Intoxication -- epidemiology KW - Diabetes Mellitus -- prevention & control KW - Physical Fitness KW - Humans KW - Mass Screening -- utilization KW - Aged KW - Obesity -- epidemiology KW - Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System KW - Smoking -- epidemiology KW - Ethanol -- poisoning KW - Risk Factors KW - Adult KW - Breast Neoplasms -- prevention & control KW - Middle Aged KW - United States -- epidemiology KW - Colorectal Neoplasms -- prevention & control KW - Female KW - Male KW - Health Behavior UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/66732311?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Morbidity+and+mortality+weekly+report.+Surveillance+summaries+%28Washington%2C+D.C.+%3A+2002%29&rft.atitle=Surveillance+for+certain+health+behaviors+among+selected+local+areas--United+States%2C+Behavioral+Risk+Factor+Surveillance+System%2C+2002.&rft.au=Balluz%2C+Lina%3BAhluwalia%2C+Indu+B%3BMurphy%2C+Wilmon%3BMokdad%2C+Ali%3BGiles%2C+Wayne%3BHarris%2C+Virginia+Bales&rft.aulast=Balluz&rft.aufirst=Lina&rft.date=2004-07-23&rft.volume=53&rft.issue=5&rft.spage=1&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Morbidity+and+mortality+weekly+report.+Surveillance+summaries+%28Washington%2C+D.C.+%3A+2002%29&rft.issn=1545-8636&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 2004-07-26 N1 - Date created - 2004-07-22 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Changing patterns of pneumoconiosis mortality--United States, 1968-2000. AN - 66729698; 15269698 AB - Pneumoconioses are caused by the inhalation and deposition of mineral dusts in the lungs, resulting in pulmonary fibrosis and other parenchymal changes. Many persons with early pneumoconiosis are asymptomatic, but advanced disease often is accompanied by disability and premature death. Known pneumoconioses include coal workers' pneumoconiosis (CWP), silicosis, asbestosis, mixed dust pneumoconiosis, graphitosis, and talcosis. No effective treatment for these diseases is available. This report describes the temporal patterns of pneumoconiosis mortality during 1968-2000, which indicates an overall decrease in pneumoconiosis mortality. However, asbestosis increased steadily and is now the most frequently recorded pneumoconiosis on death certificates. Increased awareness of this trend is needed among health-care providers, employers, workers, and public health agencies. JF - MMWR. Morbidity and mortality weekly report AU - Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) AD - Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) Y1 - 2004/07/23/ PY - 2004 DA - 2004 Jul 23 SP - 627 EP - 632 VL - 53 IS - 28 KW - Index Medicus KW - Humans KW - United States -- epidemiology KW - Pneumoconiosis -- mortality UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/66729698?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=MMWR.+Morbidity+and+mortality+weekly+report&rft.atitle=Changing+patterns+of+pneumoconiosis+mortality--United+States%2C+1968-2000.&rft.au=Centers+for+Disease+Control+and+Prevention+%28CDC%29&rft.aulast=Centers+for+Disease+Control+and+Prevention+%28CDC%29&rft.aufirst=&rft.date=2004-07-23&rft.volume=53&rft.issue=28&rft.spage=627&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=MMWR.+Morbidity+and+mortality+weekly+report&rft.issn=1545-861X&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 2004-07-26 N1 - Date created - 2004-07-22 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Immunological and hematological effects observed in B6C3F1 mice exposed to JP-8 jet fuel for 14 days AN - 18035935; 5989629 AB - JP-8 is the primary jet fuel used by the U.S. Air Force and NATO allies. Exposure is likely to be widespread and to include both military and aviation industry personnel as well as residents living near fuel contaminated sites. This study examines the effects of JP-8 on humoral and cell-mediated and hematological parameters. A suite of immunotoxicological endpoints was evaluated in adult female B6C3F1 mice gavaged with JP-8 (in an olive oil carrier) ranging from 250-2500 mg/kg/d for 14 d. One day following the last exposure, significant increases in liver mass were detected beginning at exposure levels of 1000 mg/kg/d, while thymic mass was decreased at exposure levels of 1500 mg/kg/d and above. Decreases in thymic cellularity, however, were only observed at exposure levels of 2000 mg/kg/d and above. Mean corpuscular volume was increased (1500-2500 mg/kg/d), while the hematocrit, hemoglobin concentration, and red blood cell count were decreased only at the 2500 mg/kg/d exposure level. Natural killer cell (NK) activity and T-and B-cell proliferation were not altered. Decreases in the plaque-forming cell (PFC) response were dose responsive at levels of 500 mg/kg/d and greater, while unexpectedly, serum levels of anti-SRBC immunoglobulin M (IgM) were not altered. Alterations were detected in thymic and splenic CD4/8 subpopulations, and proliferative responses of bone marrow progenitor cells were enhanced in mice exposed to 2000 mg/kg/d of JP-8. This study establishes that humoral immune function is impaired with lower exposure levels of JP-8 than are required to affect primary and secondary immune organ weights and cellularities, CD4/8 subpopulations, and hematological endpoints. JF - Journal of Toxicology and Environmental Health, Part A: Current Issues AU - Keil, DE AU - Dudley, A C AU - EuDaly, J G AU - Dempsey, J AU - Butterworth, L AU - Gilkeson, G S AU - Peden-Adams, M M AD - NIOSH, OD/AIG, M/S L1119, 1095 Willowdale Drive, Morgantown, WV 26505, USA, dkeil@cdc.gov Y1 - 2004/07/23/ PY - 2004 DA - 2004 Jul 23 SP - 1109 EP - 1129 VL - 67 IS - 14 SN - 1528-7394, 1528-7394 KW - mice KW - Toxicology Abstracts KW - Immunotoxicity KW - Dose-response effects KW - Immune system KW - Proliferation KW - Hematology KW - Immune response KW - Immunoglobulin M KW - X 24152:Chronic exposure UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/18035935?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxicologyabstracts&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Toxicology+and+Environmental+Health%2C+Part+A%3A+Current+Issues&rft.atitle=Immunological+and+hematological+effects+observed+in+B6C3F1+mice+exposed+to+JP-8+jet+fuel+for+14+days&rft.au=Keil%2C+DE%3BDudley%2C+A+C%3BEuDaly%2C+J+G%3BDempsey%2C+J%3BButterworth%2C+L%3BGilkeson%2C+G+S%3BPeden-Adams%2C+M+M&rft.aulast=Keil&rft.aufirst=DE&rft.date=2004-07-23&rft.volume=67&rft.issue=14&rft.spage=1109&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+Toxicology+and+Environmental+Health%2C+Part+A%3A+Current+Issues&rft.issn=15287394&rft_id=info:doi/10.1080%2F15287390490452335 LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Last updated - 2015-03-24 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Immunotoxicity; Immune system; Dose-response effects; Proliferation; Hematology; Immune response; Immunoglobulin M DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/15287390490452335 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Lead poisoning associated with ayurvedic medications--five states, 2000-2003. AN - 66688798; 15241300 AB - Although approximately 95% of lead poisoning among U.S. adults results from occupational exposure, lead poisoning also can occur from use of traditional or folk remedies. Ayurveda is a traditional form of medicine practiced in India and other South Asian countries. Ayurvedic medications can contain herbs, minerals, metals, or animal products and are made in standardized and nonstandardized formulations. During 2000-2003, a total of 12 cases of lead poisoning among adults in five states associated with ayurvedic medications or remedies were reported to CDC. This report summarizes these 12 cases. Culturally appropriate educational efforts are needed to inform persons in populations using traditional or folk medications of the potential health risks posed by these remedies. JF - MMWR. Morbidity and mortality weekly report AU - Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) AD - Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) Y1 - 2004/07/09/ PY - 2004 DA - 2004 Jul 09 SP - 582 EP - 584 VL - 53 IS - 26 KW - Index Medicus KW - New Hampshire KW - California KW - New York KW - Massachusetts KW - Humans KW - Adult KW - Texas KW - Middle Aged KW - Male KW - Female KW - Lead Poisoning -- epidemiology KW - Lead Poisoning -- etiology KW - Medicine, Ayurvedic UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/66688798?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=MMWR.+Morbidity+and+mortality+weekly+report&rft.atitle=Lead+poisoning+associated+with+ayurvedic+medications--five+states%2C+2000-2003.&rft.au=Centers+for+Disease+Control+and+Prevention+%28CDC%29&rft.aulast=Centers+for+Disease+Control+and+Prevention+%28CDC%29&rft.aufirst=&rft.date=2004-07-09&rft.volume=53&rft.issue=26&rft.spage=582&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=MMWR.+Morbidity+and+mortality+weekly+report&rft.issn=1545-861X&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 2004-07-16 N1 - Date created - 2004-07-08 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - SuppNotes - Cited By: MMWR Morb Mortal Wkly Rep. 1993 Jul 16;42(27):521-4 [8321177] J Toxicol Clin Toxicol. 1996;34(4):417-23 [8699556] MMWR Morb Mortal Wkly Rep. 2004 Jul 9;53(26):578-82 [15241299] MMWR Morb Mortal Wkly Rep. 1999 Jan 22;48(2):27-9 [9933125] Med J Aust. 2002 Aug 19;177(4):193-5 [12175323] N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Adult blood lead epidemiology and surveillance--United States, 2002. AN - 66687576; 15241299 AB - CDC's state-based Adult Blood Lead Epidemiology and Surveillance (ABLES) program tracks laboratory-reported blood lead levels (BLLs) in adults. A national health objective for 2010 is to reduce to zero the number of adults with BLLs >/=25 microg/dL (objective no. 20-07). A second key ABLES measurement is BLLs >/=40 microg/dL, the level under which the Occupational Safety and Health Administration allows workers to return to work after being removed with an elevated BLL, and the level under which an annual medical evaluation of health effects related to lead exposure is required. The most recent ABLES report provided data collected during 1994-2001. This report presents ABLES data for 2002, the first year that individual rather than summary data were collected. The 2002 data indicate that approximately 95% of adult lead exposures were occupational, 94% of those exposed were male, and 91% were aged 25-64 years. The findings also indicated that the national decline in the number of adults with elevated BLLs continued in 2002; however, even greater prevention activities, particularly in work environments, will be necessary to achieve the 2010 health objective. JF - MMWR. Morbidity and mortality weekly report AU - Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) AD - Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) Y1 - 2004/07/09/ PY - 2004 DA - 2004 Jul 09 SP - 578 EP - 582 VL - 53 IS - 26 KW - Lead KW - 2P299V784P KW - Index Medicus KW - Occupational Exposure KW - Humans KW - Adult KW - Environmental Exposure KW - Middle Aged KW - United States -- epidemiology KW - Male KW - Female KW - Lead Poisoning -- epidemiology KW - Lead Poisoning -- diagnosis KW - Lead -- blood KW - Population Surveillance UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/66687576?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=MMWR.+Morbidity+and+mortality+weekly+report&rft.atitle=Adult+blood+lead+epidemiology+and+surveillance--United+States%2C+2002.&rft.au=Centers+for+Disease+Control+and+Prevention+%28CDC%29&rft.aulast=Centers+for+Disease+Control+and+Prevention+%28CDC%29&rft.aufirst=&rft.date=2004-07-09&rft.volume=53&rft.issue=26&rft.spage=578&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=MMWR.+Morbidity+and+mortality+weekly+report&rft.issn=1545-861X&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 2004-07-16 N1 - Date created - 2004-07-08 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Childhood lead poisoning from commercially manufactured French ceramic dinnerware--New York City, 2003. AN - 66685395; 15241301 AB - Lead poisoning adversely affects children worldwide. During 1999-2000, an estimated 434,000 children aged 1-5 years in the United States had elevated blood lead levels (BLLs) >/=10 microg/dL. Glazes found on ceramics, earthenware, bone china, and porcelain often contain lead and are a potential source of lead exposure. Children are especially vulnerable to the neurotoxic effects of lead. Exposures to lead in early childhood can have adverse effects on the developing nervous system, resulting in decreased intelligence and changes in behavior. In addition, certain behaviors (e.g., thumb sucking) place children at greater risk for exposure to lead. In 2003, the New York City Department of Health and Mental Hygiene's Lead Poisoning Prevention Program (LPPP), and the Mount Sinai Pediatric Environmental Health Specialty Unit (PEHSU) investigated a case of lead poisoning in a boy aged 20 months. This report summarizes that case investigation, which identified ceramic dinnerware imported from France as the source of lead exposure. This case underscores the susceptibility of children to a toxic exposure associated with 1) the high proportion of time spent in the home and 2) dietary habits that promote exposure to lead leached from ceramic ware. JF - MMWR. Morbidity and mortality weekly report AU - Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) AD - Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) Y1 - 2004/07/09/ PY - 2004 DA - 2004 Jul 09 SP - 584 EP - 586 VL - 53 IS - 26 KW - Index Medicus KW - Infant KW - New York City KW - Humans KW - Ceramics KW - Cooking and Eating Utensils KW - Lead Poisoning -- etiology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/66685395?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=MMWR.+Morbidity+and+mortality+weekly+report&rft.atitle=Childhood+lead+poisoning+from+commercially+manufactured+French+ceramic+dinnerware--New+York+City%2C+2003.&rft.au=Centers+for+Disease+Control+and+Prevention+%28CDC%29&rft.aulast=Centers+for+Disease+Control+and+Prevention+%28CDC%29&rft.aufirst=&rft.date=2004-07-09&rft.volume=53&rft.issue=26&rft.spage=584&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=MMWR.+Morbidity+and+mortality+weekly+report&rft.issn=1545-861X&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 2004-07-16 N1 - Date created - 2004-07-08 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Role of inducible nitric oxide synthase-derived nitric oxide in silica-induced pulmonary inflammation and fibrosis AN - 17988309; 5942798 AB - Inhalation of crystalline silica can produce lung inflammation and fibrosis. Inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS)-derived nitric oxide (NO) is believed to be involved in silica-induced lung disease. To investigate the role of iNOS-derived NO in this disease, the responses of iNOS knockout (KO) versus C57BI/6J wild-type (WT) mice to silica were compared. Male mice (8-10 wk old, mean body weight 24.0 g) were anesthetized and exposed, by aspiration, to silica (40 mg/kg) or saline. At 24 h and 42 d postexposure, lungs were lavaged with saline. The first bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) fluid supernatant was analyzed for lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) activity, levels of albumin, tumor necrosis factor- alpha (TNF- alpha ), and macrophage inflammatory protein-2 (MIP-2), as well as total antioxidant capacity (TAC). The cellular fraction of the total BAL was used to determine alveolar macrophage (AM) and polymorphonuclear leukocyte (PMN) counts, and zymosan-stimulated AM chemiluminescence (AM-CL). In separate mice, lung histopathological changes were evaluated 42 d postexposure. Acute (24-h) silica exposure decreased AMs, increased PMNs, increased LDH activity and levels of albumin, TNF- alpha , and MIP-2 in BAL fluid, and enhanced AM-CL in both iNOS KO and WT mice. However, iNOS KO mice exhibited less AM activation (defined as increased AM-CL and decreased AM yield) than WT. Furthermore, TAC following acute silica decreased in WT but was maintained in iNOS KO mice. Pulmonary reactions to subchronic (42 d) silica exposure were similar to acute. However, histopathological and BAL fluid indices of lung damage and inflammation, AM activation, and lung hydroxyproline levels were significantly less in iNOS KO compared to WT mice. These results suggest that iNOS-derived NO contributes to the pathogenesis of silica-induced lung disease in this mouse model. JF - Journal of Toxicology and Environmental Health, Part A: Current Issues AU - Zeidler, P C AU - Hubbs, A AU - Battelli, L AU - Castranova, V AD - Pathology and Physiology Research Branch, Health Effects Laboratory Division, National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, 1095 Willowdale Road, M/S 2015, Morgantown, WV 26505, USA, vic1@cdc.gov Y1 - 2004/07/09/ PY - 2004 DA - 2004 Jul 09 SP - 1001 EP - 1026 VL - 67 IS - 13 SN - 1528-7394, 1528-7394 KW - mice KW - Toxicology Abstracts KW - Nitric-oxide synthase KW - Fibrosis KW - Lung KW - Nitric oxide KW - Inflammation KW - Silicon dioxide KW - X 24155:Biochemistry UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/17988309?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxicologyabstracts&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Toxicology+and+Environmental+Health%2C+Part+A%3A+Current+Issues&rft.atitle=Role+of+inducible+nitric+oxide+synthase-derived+nitric+oxide+in+silica-induced+pulmonary+inflammation+and+fibrosis&rft.au=Zeidler%2C+P+C%3BHubbs%2C+A%3BBattelli%2C+L%3BCastranova%2C+V&rft.aulast=Zeidler&rft.aufirst=P&rft.date=2004-07-09&rft.volume=67&rft.issue=13&rft.spage=1001&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+Toxicology+and+Environmental+Health%2C+Part+A%3A+Current+Issues&rft.issn=15287394&rft_id=info:doi/10.1080%2F15287390490447296 LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Silicon dioxide; Inflammation; Lung; Fibrosis; Nitric-oxide synthase; Nitric oxide DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/15287390490447296 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Injuries associated with homemade fireworks-- selected states, 1993-2004. AN - 66670566; 15229415 AB - Around the July 4 Independence Day holiday each year in the United States, injuries associated with homemade fireworks are increasingly common. During June-July 2002, approximately 5,700 persons were treated for fireworks-related injuries at U.S. emergency departments; approximately 300 (5.3%) were injured in incidents involving illegal and homemade fireworks. CDC and the Consumer Product Safety Commission (CPSC) recommend that fireworks be handled only by professionals. To describe injuries and emergency responses resulting from homemade fireworks explosions, the Agency for Toxic Substances and Disease Registry (ATSDR) researched data from its Hazardous Substances Emergency Events Surveillance (HSEES) system. This report summarizes four incidents involving homemade fireworks explosions that were identified by the surveillance system. To prevent injuries and deaths, no one should attempt to make their own fireworks. JF - MMWR. Morbidity and mortality weekly report AU - Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) AD - Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) Y1 - 2004/07/02/ PY - 2004 DA - 2004 Jul 02 SP - 562 EP - 563 VL - 53 IS - 25 KW - Index Medicus KW - Washington -- epidemiology KW - Humans KW - Utah -- epidemiology KW - Adult KW - Middle Aged KW - New York -- epidemiology KW - Adolescent KW - Male KW - Iowa -- epidemiology KW - Population Surveillance KW - Blast Injuries -- epidemiology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/66670566?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=MMWR.+Morbidity+and+mortality+weekly+report&rft.atitle=Injuries+associated+with+homemade+fireworks--+selected+states%2C+1993-2004.&rft.au=Centers+for+Disease+Control+and+Prevention+%28CDC%29&rft.aulast=Centers+for+Disease+Control+and+Prevention+%28CDC%29&rft.aufirst=&rft.date=2004-07-02&rft.volume=53&rft.issue=25&rft.spage=562&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=MMWR.+Morbidity+and+mortality+weekly+report&rft.issn=1545-861X&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 2004-07-07 N1 - Date created - 2004-07-01 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Surveillance data from public spa inspections--United States, May-September 2002. AN - 66668189; 15229412 AB - Approximately 5 million public and private hot tubs, whirlpools, and spas are used in the United States. Extensive spa use combined with inadequate maintenance contribute to recreational water illnesses (RWIs) caused by pathogens such as Pseudomonas spp., Legionella spp., and Mycobacterium spp. In the United States, local environmental health inspectors periodically inspect public spas to determine their compliance with local or state health regulations. During inspections for regulatory compliance, data pertaining to spa water chemistry, filtration and recirculation, and management and operations are collected. This report summarizes spa inspection data from six sites in the United States during May 1-September 1, 2002. The findings underscore the utility of these data for public health decision-making and the need for increased training and vigilance by operators to ensure high-quality spa water for use by the public. JF - MMWR. Morbidity and mortality weekly report AU - Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) AD - Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) Y1 - 2004/07/02/ PY - 2004 DA - 2004 Jul 02 SP - 553 EP - 555 VL - 53 IS - 25 KW - Water Pollutants KW - 0 KW - Index Medicus KW - Hydrotherapy -- standards KW - Humans KW - United States -- epidemiology KW - Quality Control KW - Public Facilities -- standards KW - Water Pollutants -- analysis KW - Water Microbiology -- standards KW - Water Purification -- standards UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/66668189?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=MMWR.+Morbidity+and+mortality+weekly+report&rft.atitle=Surveillance+data+from+public+spa+inspections--United+States%2C+May-September+2002.&rft.au=Centers+for+Disease+Control+and+Prevention+%28CDC%29&rft.aulast=Centers+for+Disease+Control+and+Prevention+%28CDC%29&rft.aufirst=&rft.date=2004-07-02&rft.volume=53&rft.issue=25&rft.spage=553&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=MMWR.+Morbidity+and+mortality+weekly+report&rft.issn=1545-861X&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 2004-07-07 N1 - Date created - 2004-07-01 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Hazardous substances releases causing fatalities and/or people transported to hospitals: rural/agricultural vs. other areas. AN - 67137564; 15571197 AB - Mass-casualty and hospital preparedness has been analyzed widely. However, information regarding the types of areas where these events occur is limited. Therefore, the characteristics of acute hazardous substances releases resulting in death/multiple-victim events occuring in rural/agricultural areas and in all other areas were studied and compared. Data reported to the Hazardous Substances Emergency Events Surveillance (HSEES) system from 16 state health departments during 1993-2000 were used to examine factors associated with events with death/multiple victims involving acute release of hazardous substances. A death/multiple-victim event is defined as any event resulting in a death and/or at least five people being transported to a hospital. Of a total of 43,133 events, 6661 occurred in rural/agricultural areas. Of these, 107 were death/multiple-victim events with 632 victims, of whom 91 died and 77 were hospitalized. All other areas had 472 death/multiple-victim events with 7981 victims, of whom 116 died and 413 were hospitalized. Death/multiple-victim events in rural/agricultural areas were more likely to be associated with transportation (Proportional Ratio (PR) = 4.1, 95% CI = 3.1-5.4) and fires and/or explosions (PR = 1.4, 95% CI = 0.95-2.0) than were death/multiple-victim events in all other areas. Among transportation-related events in rural/agricultural areas, 19 were associated with air transport--mainly crop dusters--and resulted in 18 deaths. Responders were three times more likely to be injured in rural/agricultural areas. Of responders, volunteer firefighters constituted 52% compared with 6.7% in all other areas. The most frequently released chemicals in rural/agricultural areas were ammonia, chlorine, and pesticides. In all other areas, ammonia, chlorine, hydrochloric acid, carbon monoxide, and 0-chlorobenzylidene malononitrile, a tearing agent often associated with an illegal or unauthorized act, were released most frequently. Findings from this analysis suggest that remedial actions should address safety measures in both transportation and fixed facilities containing acute hazardous substances. These include regular maintenance of equipment, education of workers about the substances used in their facility, rigorous training and licensing of drivers and crop duster operators, and education and training of employees and first responders in the use of protective equipment. These activities may reduce the number of events, casualties, and costs associated with hazardous substance events. JF - Prehospital and disaster medicine AU - Berkowitz, Zahava AU - Horton, D Kevin AU - Kaye, Wendy E AD - Agency for Toxic Substances and Disease Registry, Division of Health Studies Epidemiology and Surveillance Branch, Atlanta, GA 30333, USA. zab3@cdc.gov PY - 2004 SP - 213 EP - 220 VL - 19 IS - 3 SN - 1049-023X, 1049-023X KW - Air Pollutants KW - 0 KW - Hazardous Substances KW - Health technology assessment KW - Agriculture KW - Fires KW - Transportation KW - Rural Health -- statistics & numerical data KW - Humans KW - Geography KW - United States -- epidemiology KW - Explosions KW - Disasters -- statistics & numerical data KW - Wounds and Injuries -- epidemiology KW - Hazardous Substances -- adverse effects KW - Wounds and Injuries -- etiology KW - Wounds and Injuries -- prevention & control KW - Air Pollutants -- adverse effects KW - Wounds and Injuries -- mortality KW - Disasters -- classification UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/67137564?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Prehospital+and+disaster+medicine&rft.atitle=Hazardous+substances+releases+causing+fatalities+and%2For+people+transported+to+hospitals%3A+rural%2Fagricultural+vs.+other+areas.&rft.au=Berkowitz%2C+Zahava%3BHorton%2C+D+Kevin%3BKaye%2C+Wendy+E&rft.aulast=Berkowitz&rft.aufirst=Zahava&rft.date=2004-07-01&rft.volume=19&rft.issue=3&rft.spage=213&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Prehospital+and+disaster+medicine&rft.issn=1049023X&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 2004-12-30 N1 - Date created - 2004-12-01 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - [Survey on the cadmium levels in fish, crustaceans and bivalve mollusks in China of 2002]. AN - 66935322; 15461281 AB - A survey on the cadmium content of fresh water, marine fish bivalve mollusks and crustaceans in China was carried out by the National Institute of Nutrition and Food Safety, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention in 2002. The fish from fresh water (n = 193), marine (n = 367), crustaceans (n = 318) and bivalve mollusks (n = 512) were collected from 14 provinces and cities and analyzed by AAS. It was found that the samples with mean concentration between 0.06-0.53 mg/kg. However, some of samples were up to 8 mg/kg, indicating that the cadmium content of some fishes exceeded the maximum level of national standards. JF - Wei sheng yan jiu = Journal of hygiene research AU - Wang, Zhutian AU - Wang, Maoqi AU - Han, Hongwei AU - Jiang, Dingguo AD - National Institute of Nutrition and Food Safety, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing. Y1 - 2004/07// PY - 2004 DA - July 2004 SP - 473 EP - 474 VL - 33 IS - 4 SN - 1000-8020, 1000-8020 KW - Cadmium KW - 00BH33GNGH KW - Index Medicus KW - Animals KW - China KW - Shellfish -- analysis KW - Cadmium -- analysis KW - Mollusca -- chemistry KW - Food Contamination KW - Seafood -- analysis UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/66935322?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Wei+sheng+yan+jiu+%3D+Journal+of+hygiene+research&rft.atitle=%5BSurvey+on+the+cadmium+levels+in+fish%2C+crustaceans+and+bivalve+mollusks+in+China+of+2002%5D.&rft.au=Wang%2C+Zhutian%3BWang%2C+Maoqi%3BHan%2C+Hongwei%3BJiang%2C+Dingguo&rft.aulast=Wang&rft.aufirst=Zhutian&rft.date=2004-07-01&rft.volume=33&rft.issue=4&rft.spage=473&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Wei+sheng+yan+jiu+%3D+Journal+of+hygiene+research&rft.issn=10008020&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - chi DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 2006-07-27 N1 - Date created - 2004-10-05 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Environmental and occupational health response to SARS, Taiwan, 2003. AN - 66808222; 15324536 AB - Industrial hygiene specialists from the National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH) visited hospitals and medical centers throughout Taiwan. They assisted with designing and evaluating ventilation modifications for infection control, developed guidelines for converting hospital rooms into SARS patient isolation rooms, prepared designs for the rapid conversion of a vacated military facility into a SARS screening and observation facility, assessed environmental aspects of dedicated SARS hospitals, and worked in concert with the Taiwanese to develop hospital ventilation guidelines. We describe the environmental findings and observations from this response, including the rapid reconfiguration of medical facilities during a national health emergency, and discuss environmental challenges should SARS or a SARS-like virus emerge again. JF - Emerging infectious diseases AU - Esswein, Eric J AU - Kiefer, Max AU - Wallingford, Ken AU - Burr, Greg AU - Lee, Lukas Jyhun-Hsiarn AU - Wang, Jung-Der AU - Wang, Shun Chih AU - Su, Ih-Jen AD - Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, Denver, Colorado 80225-0226, USA. eje1@cdc.gov Y1 - 2004/07// PY - 2004 DA - July 2004 SP - 1187 EP - 1194 VL - 10 IS - 7 SN - 1080-6040, 1080-6040 KW - Index Medicus KW - Taiwan KW - Infection Control -- standards KW - Infection Control -- methods KW - Humans KW - Practice Guidelines as Topic KW - Patient Isolation KW - Ventilation -- standards KW - Occupational Health KW - Environmental Monitoring -- standards KW - Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome -- prevention & control KW - Environmental Monitoring -- methods KW - Hospitals KW - Cross Infection -- prevention & control UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/66808222?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Emerging+infectious+diseases&rft.atitle=Environmental+and+occupational+health+response+to+SARS%2C+Taiwan%2C+2003.&rft.au=Esswein%2C+Eric+J%3BKiefer%2C+Max%3BWallingford%2C+Ken%3BBurr%2C+Greg%3BLee%2C+Lukas+Jyhun-Hsiarn%3BWang%2C+Jung-Der%3BWang%2C+Shun+Chih%3BSu%2C+Ih-Jen&rft.aulast=Esswein&rft.aufirst=Eric&rft.date=2004-07-01&rft.volume=10&rft.issue=7&rft.spage=1187&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Emerging+infectious+diseases&rft.issn=10806040&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 2004-10-07 N1 - Date created - 2004-08-24 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - SuppNotes - Cited By: MMWR Morb Mortal Wkly Rep. 2003 Jul 25;52(29):680-3 [12881699] MMWR Recomm Rep. 1994 Oct 28;43(RR-13):1-132 [8602125] Comment In: Emerg Infect Dis. 2005 Jan;11(1):167-8 [15714660] N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Too much of a good thing (fish): methylmercury case study. AN - 66788406; 15310052 AB - Methylmercury is an environmental toxicant that has been shown to cause neurologic damage in both children and adults if ingested in sufficiently high quantities. Poisoning outbreaks in Japan and Iraq have revealed serious effects on developing fetuses at levels far below those that produced clinical signs or symptoms in the mothers. Therefore, health guidance values for methylmercury, such as the chronic oral minimal risk level (MRL) of the Agency for Toxic Substances and Disease Registry, have been set by governmental agencies at levels that would protect fetuses. Since adults are less sensitive than fetuses, chronic intakes within an order of magnitude of the MRL generally have been considered to represent no health risk to otherwise healthy adults. The present report of suspected mercury intoxication in a 53-year-old female suggests that some individuals might be susceptible to adverse health impacts of methylmercury at intakes just 7 to 15 times the MRL. JF - Journal of environmental health AU - Risher, John F AD - Division of Toxicology, Agency for Toxic Substances and Disease Registry, Atlanta, GA 30333, USA. jzr8@cdc.gov PY - 2004 SP - 9 EP - 14, 28 VL - 67 IS - 1 SN - 0022-0892, 0022-0892 KW - Mercury KW - FXS1BY2PGL KW - Index Medicus KW - Erythema -- etiology KW - Animals KW - Mouth Mucosa -- pathology KW - Humans KW - Hair -- chemistry KW - Stomatitis -- etiology KW - Mercury -- analysis KW - Middle Aged KW - Tremor -- etiology KW - Female KW - Mercury Poisoning -- complications KW - Mercury Poisoning -- blood KW - Fishes KW - Mercury Poisoning -- urine UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/66788406?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+environmental+health&rft.atitle=Too+much+of+a+good+thing+%28fish%29%3A+methylmercury+case+study.&rft.au=Risher%2C+John+F&rft.aulast=Risher&rft.aufirst=John&rft.date=2004-07-01&rft.volume=67&rft.issue=1&rft.spage=9&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+environmental+health&rft.issn=00220892&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 2004-12-02 N1 - Date created - 2004-08-16 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Prevalence of high-risk egg-preparation practices in restaurants that prepare breakfast egg entrées: an EHS-Net study. AN - 66736620; 15270499 AB - Salmonella enterica serotype Enteritidis (SE) is a common cause of foodborne illness in the United States. Foods prepared with raw shell eggs have often been associated with SE outbreaks. The federal government published the Egg Safety Action Plan in December 1999 that called for reduction of egg-preparation practices that may contribute to the survival and proliferation of SE. In seven states, an interview and brief site evaluation of 153 restaurants that prepare eggs during all hours of operation was conducted by the Environmental Health Specialists Network to determine the prevalence of such practices. Fifty-four percent (83 of 153) of restaurants pooled raw shell eggs not intended for immediate service. These pooled eggs were held a median of 4 h for scrambled eggs, 5.5 h for omelets, and 6 h for pancakes and French toast. Nearly 26% (39 of 152) of restaurants reported storing eggs at room temperature, and 5% (7 of 152) stored eggs on ice or in cold-water baths before cooking. Generally, eggs were cooked to 72 to 83 degrees C, which is above the recommended final cook temperature of 63 to 68 degrees C. Employees reported sanitizing utensils used to prepare eggs less than once every 4 h in 42% (57 of 136) of restaurants. Several areas were identified in which further emphasis might reduce egg-associated SE infections in accordance with Healthy People 2010 goals. JF - Journal of food protection AU - Lee, Robin AU - Beatty, Mark E AU - Bogard, April K AU - Esko, Michael-Peter AU - Angulo, Frederick J AU - Selman, Carol AU - EHS-NET Working Group AD - Environmental Health Services Branch, Division of Emergency and Environmental Health Services, National Center for Environmental Health, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, 4770 Buford Highway N.E., Atlanta, Georgia 30341, USA. RPL5@cdc.gov ; EHS-NET Working Group Y1 - 2004/07// PY - 2004 DA - July 2004 SP - 1444 EP - 1450 VL - 67 IS - 7 SN - 0362-028X, 0362-028X KW - Index Medicus KW - Salmonella Food Poisoning -- etiology KW - Food Microbiology KW - Risk Factors KW - Humans KW - Temperature KW - Food Contamination KW - Cooking -- methods KW - Salmonella Food Poisoning -- epidemiology KW - Time Factors KW - Prevalence KW - Eggs -- microbiology KW - Consumer Product Safety KW - Salmonella enteritidis -- growth & development KW - Restaurants -- standards KW - Food Handling -- methods UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/66736620?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+food+protection&rft.atitle=Prevalence+of+high-risk+egg-preparation+practices+in+restaurants+that+prepare+breakfast+egg+entr%C3%A9es%3A+an+EHS-Net+study.&rft.au=Lee%2C+Robin%3BBeatty%2C+Mark+E%3BBogard%2C+April+K%3BEsko%2C+Michael-Peter%3BAngulo%2C+Frederick+J%3BSelman%2C+Carol%3BEHS-NET+Working+Group&rft.aulast=Lee&rft.aufirst=Robin&rft.date=2004-07-01&rft.volume=67&rft.issue=7&rft.spage=1444&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+food+protection&rft.issn=0362028X&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 2004-09-09 N1 - Date created - 2004-07-23 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - The interrelatedness of multiple forms of childhood abuse, neglect, and household dysfunction. AN - 66717935; 15261471 AB - Childhood abuse and other adverse childhood experiences (ACEs) have historically been studied individually, and relatively little is known about the co-occurrence of these events. The purpose of this study is to examine the degree to which ACEs co-occur as well as the nature of their co-occurrence. We used data from 8,629 adult members of a health plan who completed a survey about 10 ACEs which included: childhood abuse (emotional, physical, and sexual), neglect (emotional and physical), witnessing domestic violence, parental marital discord, and living with substance abusing, mentally ill, or criminal household members. The bivariate relationship between each of these 10 ACEs was assessed, and multivariate linear regression models were used to describe the interrelatedness of ACEs after adjusting for demographic factors. Two-thirds of participants reported at least one ACE; 81%-98% of respondents who had experienced one ACE reported at least one additional ACE (median: 87%). The presence of one ACE significantly increased the prevalence of having additional ACEs, elevating the adjusted odds by 2 to 17.7 times (median: 2.8). The observed number of respondents with high ACE scores was notably higher than the expected number under the assumption of independence of ACEs (p <.0001), confirming the statistical interrelatedness of ACEs. The study provides strong evidence that ACEs are interrelated rather than occurring independently. Therefore, collecting information about exposure to other ACEs is advisable for studies that focus on the consequences of a specific ACE. Assessment of multiple ACEs allows for the potential assessment of a graded relationship between these childhood exposures and health and social outcomes. JF - Child abuse & neglect AU - Dong, Maxia AU - Anda, Robert F AU - Felitti, Vincent J AU - Dube, Shanta R AU - Williamson, David F AU - Thompson, Theodore J AU - Loo, Clifton M AU - Giles, Wayne H AD - Division of Adult and Community Health, National Center for Chronic Disease Prevention and Health Promotion, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, 4770 Buford Highway, N.E., MS K-67, Atlanta, GA 30341-3717, USA. Y1 - 2004/07// PY - 2004 DA - July 2004 SP - 771 EP - 784 VL - 28 IS - 7 SN - 0145-2134, 0145-2134 KW - Index Medicus KW - Divorce -- statistics & numerical data KW - Emotions KW - Humans KW - Interpersonal Relations KW - Child KW - California KW - Domestic Violence -- statistics & numerical data KW - Surveys and Questionnaires KW - Substance-Related Disorders KW - Middle Aged KW - Female KW - Male KW - Prevalence KW - Child Abuse -- classification KW - Child Abuse -- statistics & numerical data UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/66717935?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Child+abuse+%26+neglect&rft.atitle=The+interrelatedness+of+multiple+forms+of+childhood+abuse%2C+neglect%2C+and+household+dysfunction.&rft.au=Dong%2C+Maxia%3BAnda%2C+Robert+F%3BFelitti%2C+Vincent+J%3BDube%2C+Shanta+R%3BWilliamson%2C+David+F%3BThompson%2C+Theodore+J%3BLoo%2C+Clifton+M%3BGiles%2C+Wayne+H&rft.aulast=Dong&rft.aufirst=Maxia&rft.date=2004-07-01&rft.volume=28&rft.issue=7&rft.spage=771&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Child+abuse+%26+neglect&rft.issn=01452134&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 2004-10-26 N1 - Date created - 2004-07-20 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Aberrant gene expression in human non small cell lung carcinoma cells exposed to demethylating agent 5-aza-2'-deoxycytidine. AN - 66715071; 15256063 AB - The identification of genes undergoing genetic or epigenetic alterations and contributing to the development of cancer is critical to our understanding of the molecular mechanisms of carcinogenesis. A new approach in identifying alterations of genes that might be relevant to the process of tumor development was used in this study by examining the gene expression profile in human lung cancer cells exposed to 5-aza-2'-deoxycytidine (5-aza-dC). A cDNA array analysis was carried out on 5-aza-dC-treated and untreated non small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) cell line NCI-H522. Sixteen and 14 genes were upregulated and downregulated, respectively, by 5-aza-dC treatment. Among them, downregulation of tyrosine protein kinase ABL2 (ABL2) gene and upregulation of hint/protein kinase C inhibitor 1 (Hint/PKCI-1), DVL1, TIMP-1, and TRP-1 genes were found in expanded observations in two or three of five 5-aza-dC-treated NSCLC cell lines. Among these genes, we found that cDNA transfer of Hint/PKCI-1 resulted in a significant in vitro growth inhibition in two cell lines exhibiting 5-aza-dC-induced upregulation of Hint/PKCI-1 and significantly reduced in vivo tumorigenicity of one NSCLC cell line. Hint/PKCI-1, which is the only other characterized human histidine triad (HIT) nucleotide-binding protein in addition to tumor-suppressor gene FHIT, might be involved in lung carcinogenesis. Copyright 2004 Neoplasia Press, Inc. JF - Neoplasia (New York, N.Y.) AU - Yuan, Bao-Zhu AU - Jefferson, Amy M AU - Popescu, Nicholas C AU - Reynolds, Steven H AD - Laboratory of Cancer Genetics, Toxicology and Molecular Biology Branch, National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, 1095 Willowdale Road, Morgantown, WV 26505, USA. bby1@cdc.gov PY - 2004 SP - 412 EP - 419 VL - 6 IS - 4 SN - 1522-8002, 1522-8002 KW - Antimetabolites, Antineoplastic KW - 0 KW - decitabine KW - 776B62CQ27 KW - Azacitidine KW - M801H13NRU KW - Index Medicus KW - Oligonucleotide Array Sequence Analysis KW - DNA Methylation KW - Transfection KW - Lung Neoplasms KW - Kinetics KW - Humans KW - Apoptosis -- drug effects KW - Cell Division -- drug effects KW - Antimetabolites, Antineoplastic -- toxicity KW - Cell Line, Tumor KW - Carcinoma, Non-Small-Cell Lung KW - Azacitidine -- toxicity KW - Azacitidine -- analogs & derivatives KW - Gene Expression Regulation, Neoplastic -- drug effects UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/66715071?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Neoplasia+%28New+York%2C+N.Y.%29&rft.atitle=Aberrant+gene+expression+in+human+non+small+cell+lung+carcinoma+cells+exposed+to+demethylating+agent+5-aza-2%27-deoxycytidine.&rft.au=Yuan%2C+Bao-Zhu%3BJefferson%2C+Amy+M%3BPopescu%2C+Nicholas+C%3BReynolds%2C+Steven+H&rft.aulast=Yuan&rft.aufirst=Bao-Zhu&rft.date=2004-07-01&rft.volume=6&rft.issue=4&rft.spage=412&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Neoplasia+%28New+York%2C+N.Y.%29&rft.issn=15228002&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 2005-04-12 N1 - Date created - 2004-07-16 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - SuppNotes - Cited By: Carcinogenesis. 2000 Mar;21(3):461-7 [10688866] Cancer Genet Cytogenet. 2003 Jan 15;140(2):113-7 [12645648] J Biol Chem. 2000 Mar 31;275(13):9797-804 [10734134] Genes Chromosomes Cancer. 2000 Sep;29(1):1-8 [10918387] Oncogene. 2004 Feb 19;23(7):1405-11 [14661059] Blood. 1984 Oct;64(4):922-9 [6206904] Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1984 Nov;81(22):6993-7 [6209710] Nature. 1993 Aug 12;364(6438):648-52 [8350924] Genes Chromosomes Cancer. 1993 Dec;8(4):262-9 [7512370] Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1994 Oct 11;91(21):9700-4 [7937876] Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1994 Dec 6;91(25):11797-801 [7527544] J Biol Chem. 1995 Apr 7;270(14):8037-43 [7713905] Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1995 Aug 1;92(16):7416-9 [7543680] Nat Med. 1995 Jul;1(7):686-92 [7585152] Cell. 1996 Feb 23;84(4):587-97 [8598045] Cell. 1996 Apr 5;85(1):17-26 [8620533] Am J Ind Med. 1996 May;29(5):474-90 [8732921] Anticancer Drugs. 1997 Jan;8(1):56-61 [9147612] Int J Cancer. 1997 Mar 17;70(6):644-8 [9096643] Cancer Res. 1997 Aug 15;57(16):3347-50 [9269993] Science. 1997 Oct 10;278(5336):286-90 [9323207] Cell. 1997 Nov 14;91(4):479-89 [9390557] Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1998 Jun 9;95(12):6870-5 [9618505] Exp Cell Res. 1998 Oct 10;244(1):26-32 [9770345] Genes Dev. 1999 May 1;13(9):1190-202 [10323869] J Natl Cancer Inst. 2001 Feb 21;93(4):277-83 [11181774] Asian J Androl. 2000 Sep;2(3):167-71 [11225974] Genes Dev. 2001 Mar 1;15(5):535-53 [11238375] Cancer Res. 2001 Feb 15;61(4):1327-33 [11245429] J Immunother. 2001 Mar-Apr;24(2):151-61 [11265773] Cancer Res. 2001 May 1;61(9):3581-5 [11325823] Oncogene. 2001 Sep 13;20(41):5865-77 [11593392] Cancer Res. 2002 Jan 15;62(2):351-5 [11809677] Cancer Res. 2002 Apr 15;62(8):2370-7 [11956099] Nat Rev Genet. 2002 Jun;3(6):415-28 [12042769] J Cell Biochem. 2003 Jan 1;88(1):138-43 [12461783] Cancer Res. 2003 Mar 1;63(5):1114-21 [12615730] Cancer Res. 2000 Feb 15;60(4):1049-53 [10706123] N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Differences in mortality by radiation monitoring status in an expanded cohort of Portsmouth Naval Shipyard workers. AN - 66700558; 15247807 AB - Studies of leukemia and lung cancer mortality at the Portsmouth Naval Shipyard (PNS) have yielded conflicting results. In an expanded cohort of PNS workers employed between 1952 and 1992 and followed through 1996, the all-cause standardized mortality ratio (SMR) was 0.95 (95% confidence interval, 0.93-0.96). Employment duration SMRs were elevated with confidence intervals excluding 1.00 for lung cancer, esophageal cancer, and all cancers combined. Leukemia mortality was as expected overall, but standardized rate ratio analyses showed a significant positive linear trend with increasing external radiation dose. The role of solvent exposures could not be evaluated. Findings differed by radiation monitoring subcohort, with excess asbestosis deaths limited to radiation workers and several smoking-related causes of death higher among nonmonitored workers. At PNS, asbestos exposure and possibly smoking could be nonrandomly distributed with respect to radiation exposure, suggesting potential for confounding in internal analyses of an occupational cohort. JF - Journal of occupational and environmental medicine AU - Silver, Sharon R AU - Daniels, Robert D AU - Taulbee, Timothy D AU - Zaebst, Dennis D AU - Kinnes, Gregory M AU - Couch, James R AU - Kubale, Travis L AU - Yiin, James H AU - Schubauer-Berigan, Mary K AU - Chen, Pi-Hsueh AD - Division of Surveillance, Hazard Evaluations, and Field Studies, National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, Cincinnati, Ohio, USA. zre4@cdc.gov Y1 - 2004/07// PY - 2004 DA - July 2004 SP - 677 EP - 690 VL - 46 IS - 7 SN - 1076-2752, 1076-2752 KW - Asbestos KW - 1332-21-4 KW - Index Medicus KW - Aged, 80 and over KW - Humans KW - Death Certificates KW - Confounding Factors (Epidemiology) KW - Cohort Studies KW - Adult KW - Smoking -- adverse effects KW - Aged KW - Middle Aged KW - Male KW - Female KW - Cause of Death KW - Ships KW - Occupational Health KW - Asbestosis -- mortality KW - Leukemia -- mortality KW - Asbestos -- adverse effects KW - Lung Neoplasms -- mortality KW - Radiation Injuries UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/66700558?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+occupational+and+environmental+medicine&rft.atitle=Differences+in+mortality+by+radiation+monitoring+status+in+an+expanded+cohort+of+Portsmouth+Naval+Shipyard+workers.&rft.au=Silver%2C+Sharon+R%3BDaniels%2C+Robert+D%3BTaulbee%2C+Timothy+D%3BZaebst%2C+Dennis+D%3BKinnes%2C+Gregory+M%3BCouch%2C+James+R%3BKubale%2C+Travis+L%3BYiin%2C+James+H%3BSchubauer-Berigan%2C+Mary+K%3BChen%2C+Pi-Hsueh&rft.aulast=Silver&rft.aufirst=Sharon&rft.date=2004-07-01&rft.volume=46&rft.issue=7&rft.spage=677&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+occupational+and+environmental+medicine&rft.issn=10762752&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 2004-09-28 N1 - Date created - 2004-07-12 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Quantitation of metabolites of the nerve agents sarin, soman, cyclohexylsarin, VX, and Russian VX in human urine using isotope-dilution gas chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry. AN - 66685464; 15239858 AB - Organophosphorus nerve agents are among the most toxic organic compounds known and continue to be a threat for both military and terrorist use. We have developed an isotope-dilution gas chromatography-tandem mass spectrometric (GC-MS-MS) method for quantitating the urinary metabolites of the organophosphorus nerve agents sarin (GB), soman (GD), VX, Russian VX (RVX), and cyclohexylsarin (GF). Urine samples were acidified, extracted into ether-acetonitrile, derivatized by methylation with diazomethane, and analyzed by GC-MS-MS. The limits of detection were less than 1 micro g/L for all analytes. JF - Journal of analytical toxicology AU - Barr, John R AU - Driskell, W J AU - Aston, Linda S AU - Martinez, Rodolfo A AD - Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, National Center for Environmental Health, 4770 Buford Highway NE, Mailstop F-47, Atlanta, Georgia 30341, USA. JBarr@cdc.gov PY - 2004 SP - 372 EP - 378 VL - 28 IS - 5 SN - 0146-4760, 0146-4760 KW - Chemical Warfare Agents KW - 0 KW - Organophosphorus Compounds KW - Index Medicus KW - Humans KW - Environmental Exposure -- analysis KW - Urinalysis KW - Isotope Labeling KW - Environmental Monitoring -- methods KW - Organophosphorus Compounds -- analysis KW - Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry -- methods KW - Chemical Warfare Agents -- metabolism KW - Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry -- instrumentation KW - Organophosphorus Compounds -- metabolism KW - Chemical Warfare Agents -- analysis UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/66685464?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+analytical+toxicology&rft.atitle=Quantitation+of+metabolites+of+the+nerve+agents+sarin%2C+soman%2C+cyclohexylsarin%2C+VX%2C+and+Russian+VX+in+human+urine+using+isotope-dilution+gas+chromatography-tandem+mass+spectrometry.&rft.au=Barr%2C+John+R%3BDriskell%2C+W+J%3BAston%2C+Linda+S%3BMartinez%2C+Rodolfo+A&rft.aulast=Barr&rft.aufirst=John&rft.date=2004-07-01&rft.volume=28&rft.issue=5&rft.spage=372&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+analytical+toxicology&rft.issn=01464760&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 2005-02-14 N1 - Date created - 2004-07-08 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Quantitation of biomarkers of exposure to nitrogen mustards in urine from rats dosed with nitrogen mustards and from an unexposed human population. AN - 66681458; 15239850 AB - The nitrogen mustards bis(2-chloroethyl)ethylamine (HN1), bis(2-chloroethyl)methylamine (HN2), and tris(2-chloroethyl)amine (HN3) have the potential to be used as chemical terrorism agents because of their extreme vesicant properties. We modified a previously reported method to incorporate automated solid-phase extraction, improve chromatography, and include the urinary metabolite for HN3. The improved method was used to measure levels of the urinary metabolites N-ethyldiethanolamine (EDEA), N-methyldiethanolamine (MDEA), and triethanolamine (TEA) in rats dosed with HN1, HN2, and HN3, respectively, and to establish background levels of EDEA, MDEA, and TEA in human urine samples from a population with no known exposure to nitrogen mustards. Rat dosing experiments confirmed that EDEA, MDEA, and TEA could be detected in urine for at least 48 h after exposure to HN1, HN2, and HN3, respectively. Substantial amounts of EDEA (89 ng/mL), MDEA (170 ng/mL), and TEA (1105 ng/mL) were measured in the urine of rats exposed to 10 mg HN1, HN2, and HN3, respectively, 48 h after exposure. The background concentrations for TEA in the human population ranged from below the limit of detection (LOD 3 ng/mL) to approximately 6500 ng/mL. Neither EDEA (LOD 0.4 ng/mL) nor MDEA (LOD 0.8 ng/mL) was detected above the LOD in the human samples. JF - Journal of analytical toxicology AU - Lemire, Sharon W AU - Barr, John R AU - Ashley, David L AU - Olson, Carl T AU - Hayes, Timothy L AD - Division of Laboratory Sciences, National Center for Environmental Health, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia 30341-3724, USA. SGL4@CDC.GOV PY - 2004 SP - 320 EP - 326 VL - 28 IS - 5 SN - 0146-4760, 0146-4760 KW - Biomarkers KW - 0 KW - Chemical Warfare Agents KW - Mechlorethamine KW - 50D9XSG0VR KW - Index Medicus KW - Rats KW - Spectrometry, Mass, Electrospray Ionization KW - Animals KW - Reference Values KW - Administration, Cutaneous KW - Humans KW - Rats, Wistar KW - Biomarkers -- urine KW - Urinalysis KW - Male KW - Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid KW - Mechlorethamine -- pharmacokinetics KW - Chemical Warfare Agents -- pharmacokinetics KW - Chemical Warfare Agents -- poisoning KW - Mechlorethamine -- analysis KW - Mechlorethamine -- poisoning KW - Environmental Exposure -- analysis KW - Chemical Warfare Agents -- analysis UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/66681458?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+analytical+toxicology&rft.atitle=Quantitation+of+biomarkers+of+exposure+to+nitrogen+mustards+in+urine+from+rats+dosed+with+nitrogen+mustards+and+from+an+unexposed+human+population.&rft.au=Lemire%2C+Sharon+W%3BBarr%2C+John+R%3BAshley%2C+David+L%3BOlson%2C+Carl+T%3BHayes%2C+Timothy+L&rft.aulast=Lemire&rft.aufirst=Sharon&rft.date=2004-07-01&rft.volume=28&rft.issue=5&rft.spage=320&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+analytical+toxicology&rft.issn=01464760&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 2005-02-14 N1 - Date created - 2004-07-08 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Comparing questionnaire-based methods to assess occupational silica exposure. AN - 66674669; 15232404 AB - Epidemiologic assessment of occupational exposure to silica is typically limited to long-term work in the dusty trades, primarily in jobs held by men. We compared alternative questionnaire-based methods to assess silica exposure in a recent case-control study of 265 patients with systemic lupus erythematosus (mostly women) and 355 controls randomly selected from state driver's license registries and frequency-matched by age and sex. In-person interviews included a job history (all jobs held at least 12 months) and checklist of silica-related jobs and tasks (work of at least 2 weeks). Three industrial hygienists reviewed job descriptions without knowing case-control status. Potential high- or moderate-intensity exposures were confirmed or revised based on follow-up telephone interviews. In the full assessment including all work of at least 2 weeks, 9% of cases and 4% of controls were classified as medium or high silica exposure (odds ratio of disease = 2.9; 95% confidence interval = 1.3-6.4). In contrast, only 4% of cases and 9% of controls were identified by the standardized code groups index as having worked in silica-related industries or occupations for at least 12 months, providing a much lower risk estimate for disease (0.4; 0.2-0.9). Specific task-based questions must be included to assess the full potential of occupational silica exposure. These findings highlight the limitations of using standardized code groups to define exposure or to select jobs for industrial hygienist review. Copyright 2004 Lippincott Williams and Wilkins JF - Epidemiology (Cambridge, Mass.) AU - Parks, Christine G AU - Cooper, Glinda S AU - Nylander-French, Leena A AU - Hoppin, Jane A AU - Sanderson, Wayne T AU - Dement, John M AD - Epidemiology Branch, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina, USA. Cqp8@cdc.gov Y1 - 2004/07// PY - 2004 DA - July 2004 SP - 433 EP - 441 VL - 15 IS - 4 SN - 1044-3983, 1044-3983 KW - Air Pollutants, Occupational KW - 0 KW - Silicon Dioxide KW - 7631-86-9 KW - Index Medicus KW - Registries KW - Humans KW - Adult KW - Case-Control Studies KW - Task Performance and Analysis KW - Interviews as Topic KW - Middle Aged KW - North Carolina -- epidemiology KW - Male KW - Female KW - South Carolina -- epidemiology KW - Silicon Dioxide -- analysis KW - Air Pollutants, Occupational -- analysis KW - Surveys and Questionnaires KW - Silicon Dioxide -- toxicity KW - Occupational Exposure -- adverse effects KW - Lupus Erythematosus, Systemic -- chemically induced KW - Air Pollutants, Occupational -- toxicity KW - Risk Assessment -- methods KW - Occupations -- classification KW - Lupus Erythematosus, Systemic -- epidemiology KW - Occupational Exposure -- analysis UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/66674669?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Epidemiology+%28Cambridge%2C+Mass.%29&rft.atitle=Comparing+questionnaire-based+methods+to+assess+occupational+silica+exposure.&rft.au=Parks%2C+Christine+G%3BCooper%2C+Glinda+S%3BNylander-French%2C+Leena+A%3BHoppin%2C+Jane+A%3BSanderson%2C+Wayne+T%3BDement%2C+John+M&rft.aulast=Parks&rft.aufirst=Christine&rft.date=2004-07-01&rft.volume=15&rft.issue=4&rft.spage=433&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Epidemiology+%28Cambridge%2C+Mass.%29&rft.issn=10443983&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 2004-09-09 N1 - Date created - 2004-07-02 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Hepatitis A in Hispanic children who live along the United States-Mexico border: the role of international travel and food-borne exposures. AN - 66672882; 15231975 AB - Hispanic children who live along the United States-Mexico border historically have had among the highest hepatitis A rates in the United States, but risk factors have not been well characterized. The objective of this study was to examine risk factors associated with acute hepatitis A virus (HAV) infection in Hispanic children who live along the United States-Mexico border in San Diego County, California. In this case-control study, hepatitis A cases among Hispanic children who were younger than 18 years reported from June 1998 through August 2000 were matched by age group and exposure period to Hispanic children who were susceptible to HAV infection. Participants and their families were interviewed about demographic information and potential sources of HAV infection, including attending child care, food and waterborne exposures, cross-border and other international travel, and travel-related activities. Participants included 132 children with hepatitis A and 354 control subjects. The median age of study participants was 7 years (range: 1-17). Sixty-seven percent of case-patients traveled outside the United States during the incubation period, compared with 25% of the children without hepatitis A (odds ratio [OR]: 6.3; 95% confidence interval [CI]: 4.0-9.7); all children, except 1, had traveled to Mexico. In multivariate analysis, hepatitis A was associated with having eaten food from a taco stand or street food vendor (adjusted OR: 17.0; 95% CI: 4.1-71.1) and having eaten salad/lettuce (adjusted OR: 5.2; 95% CI: 1.3-20.1) during travel. Hepatitis A among Hispanic children who live in an urban area of the United States-Mexico border is associated with cross-border travel to Mexico and food-borne exposures during travel. Travelers to areas where hepatitis A is endemic should receive hepatitis A vaccine before travel. JF - Pediatrics AU - Weinberg, Michelle AU - Hopkins, Jackie AU - Farrington, Leigh AU - Gresham, Louise AU - Ginsberg, Michele AU - Bell, Beth P AD - Division of Global Migration and Quarantine, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia 30333, USA. mpw5@cdc.gov Y1 - 2004/07// PY - 2004 DA - July 2004 SP - e68 EP - e73 VL - 114 IS - 1 KW - Abridged Index Medicus KW - Index Medicus KW - Infant KW - Risk Factors KW - Humans KW - Hepatitis A Virus, Human KW - Case-Control Studies KW - Child KW - Adolescent KW - California -- epidemiology KW - Male KW - Female KW - Multivariate Analysis KW - Child, Preschool KW - Travel KW - Food Microbiology KW - Hepatitis A -- transmission KW - Hepatitis A -- ethnology KW - Mexican Americans UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/66672882?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Pediatrics&rft.atitle=Hepatitis+A+in+Hispanic+children+who+live+along+the+United+States-Mexico+border%3A+the+role+of+international+travel+and+food-borne+exposures.&rft.au=Weinberg%2C+Michelle%3BHopkins%2C+Jackie%3BFarrington%2C+Leigh%3BGresham%2C+Louise%3BGinsberg%2C+Michele%3BBell%2C+Beth+P&rft.aulast=Weinberg&rft.aufirst=Michelle&rft.date=2004-07-01&rft.volume=114&rft.issue=1&rft.spage=e68&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Pediatrics&rft.issn=1098-4275&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 2004-09-30 N1 - Date created - 2004-07-02 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Sustained-release formulation of doxycycline hyclate for prophylaxis of tick bite infection in a murine model of Lyme borreliosis. AN - 66645304; 15215128 AB - The prophylactic potential of a single injection of sustained-release doxycycline hyclate (Atridox) was compared to that of a single oral dose of doxycycline hyclate in a murine model of Lyme borreliosis. Prophylaxis, as measured by the lack of cultivable spirochetes and demonstrable pathology, was noted for 43% of orally treated mice; in contrast, the sustained-release doxycycline hyclate completely protected mice from infection and resultant pathology. JF - Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy AU - Zeidner, N S AU - Brandt, K S AU - Dadey, E AU - Dolan, M C AU - Happ, C AU - Piesman, J AD - Division of Vector-Borne Infectious Diseases, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, P.O. Box 2087, Rampart Rd., Foothill Campus, Fort Collins, CO 80522, USA. naz2@cdc.gov Y1 - 2004/07// PY - 2004 DA - July 2004 SP - 2697 EP - 2699 VL - 48 IS - 7 SN - 0066-4804, 0066-4804 KW - Anti-Bacterial Agents KW - 0 KW - Delayed-Action Preparations KW - Doxycycline KW - N12000U13O KW - Index Medicus KW - Animals KW - Mice, Inbred C3H KW - Injections, Subcutaneous KW - Mice KW - Female KW - Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid KW - Anti-Bacterial Agents -- therapeutic use KW - Doxycycline -- analogs & derivatives KW - Lyme Disease -- prevention & control KW - Lyme Disease -- etiology KW - Bites and Stings -- complications KW - Anti-Bacterial Agents -- administration & dosage KW - Ticks KW - Doxycycline -- pharmacokinetics KW - Anti-Bacterial Agents -- pharmacokinetics KW - Doxycycline -- administration & dosage KW - Doxycycline -- therapeutic use UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/66645304?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Antimicrobial+agents+and+chemotherapy&rft.atitle=Sustained-release+formulation+of+doxycycline+hyclate+for+prophylaxis+of+tick+bite+infection+in+a+murine+model+of+Lyme+borreliosis.&rft.au=Zeidner%2C+N+S%3BBrandt%2C+K+S%3BDadey%2C+E%3BDolan%2C+M+C%3BHapp%2C+C%3BPiesman%2C+J&rft.aulast=Zeidner&rft.aufirst=N&rft.date=2004-07-01&rft.volume=48&rft.issue=7&rft.spage=2697&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Antimicrobial+agents+and+chemotherapy&rft.issn=00664804&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 2004-09-07 N1 - Date created - 2004-06-24 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - SuppNotes - Cited By: J Chromatogr B Biomed Sci Appl. 2000 Jul 21;744(2):359-65 [10993525] Arch Intern Med. 1997 Jul 14;157(13):1421-8 [9224219] Parasitology. 2000 Dec;121 Pt 6:595-9 [11155930] N Engl J Med. 2001 Jul 12;345(2):79-84 [11450675] MMWR Morb Mortal Wkly Rep. 2002 Jan 18;51(2):29-31 [11820527] J Control Release. 2002 Dec 13;85(1-3):1-15 [12480306] Vector Borne Zoonotic Dis. 2001 Spring;1(1):35-44 [12653134] N Engl J Med. 2003 Jun 12;348(24):2424-30 [12802029] Vector Borne Zoonotic Dis. 2002 Winter;2(4):255-63 [12804167] Neurology. 2003 Jun 24;60(12):1923-30 [12821734] Stat Med. 1985 Apr-Jun;4(2):213-26 [4023479] J Clin Microbiol. 1987 Mar;25(3):557-8 [3571459] Clin Pharmacokinet. 1988 Dec;15(6):355-66 [3072140] J Clin Microbiol. 1989 Aug;27(8):1723-7 [2768461] Antimicrob Agents Chemother. 1990 Nov;34(11):2133-6 [2073103] N Engl J Med. 1992 Dec 17;327(25):1769-73 [1435930] J Clin Microbiol. 1992 Dec;30(12):3082-8 [1452688] J Med Entomol. 1993 Jan;30(1):199-203 [8433326] J Infect Dis. 1993 Oct;168(4):1042-5 [8376817] Infect Immun. 1994 Feb;62(2):492-500 [8300208] J Gen Intern Med. 1996 Jun;11(6):329-33 [8803738] Parasite Immunol. 2000 Nov;22(11):581-8 [11116438] N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Sexually Transmitted Diseases and Managed Care: An Inquiry and Review of Issues Affecting Service Delivery AN - 21358461; 10089381 AB - To understand the potential role of managed care organizations (MCOs) in prevention and control of sexually transmitted diseases (STDs), we conducted a systematic review of articles on STDs and managed care and sought qualitative information from MCOs on STD-related activities. The review focused on prevention, risk assessment, patient education, counseling, screening, and costs of care, but revealed relatively few published articles. Barriers to STD service delivery included competing priorities, lack of time or supporting organizational structures, and differing mandates of health departments and MCOs. Facilitators included collaboration between health departments and MCOs, regulatory and performance incentives, buy-in from key stakeholders, availability of infrastructure to support data collection, and inclusion of chlamydia screening in the Health Employer Data and Information Set to monitor plan performance. Because of the shift of STD service delivery from the public to private sector, incentives need to maximize interest and cooperation of patients, clinicians, and MCOs in STD prevention. JF - American Journal of Medical Quality AU - Chorba, Terence AU - Scholes, Delia AU - BlueSpruce, June AU - Operskalski, Belinda H AU - Irwin, Kathleen AD - Health Services and Evaluation Branch, Division of STD Prevention, National Center for HIV, STD and TB Prevention, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Ga, tlc2@cdc.gov Y1 - 2004/07// PY - 2004 DA - Jul 2004 SP - 145 EP - 156 PB - Sage Publications Ltd., 6 Bonhill St. London EC2A 4PU UK VL - 19 IS - 4 SN - 1062-8606, 1062-8606 KW - Microbiology Abstracts B: Bacteriology KW - Chlamydia trachomatis KW - cost KW - health care KW - managed care KW - patient education KW - prevention KW - public health KW - risk assessment KW - sexually transmitted diseases KW - Risk assessment KW - Data processing KW - Sexually-transmitted diseases KW - Cooperation KW - Data collections KW - Chlamydia KW - J 02310:Genetics & Taxonomy UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/21358461?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologyb&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=American+Journal+of+Medical+Quality&rft.atitle=Sexually+Transmitted+Diseases+and+Managed+Care%3A+An+Inquiry+and+Review+of+Issues+Affecting+Service+Delivery&rft.au=Chorba%2C+Terence%3BScholes%2C+Delia%3BBlueSpruce%2C+June%3BOperskalski%2C+Belinda+H%3BIrwin%2C+Kathleen&rft.aulast=Chorba&rft.aufirst=Terence&rft.date=2004-07-01&rft.volume=19&rft.issue=4&rft.spage=145&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=American+Journal+of+Medical+Quality&rft.issn=10628606&rft_id=info:doi/10.1177%2F106286060401900403 LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2010-02-01 N1 - Last updated - 2015-03-31 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Risk assessment; Data processing; Sexually-transmitted diseases; Cooperation; Data collections; Chlamydia DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/106286060401900403 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - WHITE PARTICULATE MATTER: Rapid evaluation of risk of white particulate matter in blood components by a statewide survey of transfusion reactions AN - 21338326; 6597299 AB - BACKGROUND:In January 2003, white particulate matter (WPM) was detected in blood components. Because the composition and cause of WPM was not understood at that time, there was uncertainty about whether WPM could endanger patient safety. To investigate possible adverse patient events associated with WPM, transfusion reaction rates were examined. STUDY DESIGN AND METHODS:A questionnaire was distributed to Georgia medical centers. Data collected included the number of components transfused and reported adverse reactions by component type from January 2002 through January 2003, and date, reaction type, and blood supplier for events in January 2003. RESULTS:Of 124 transfusion services contacted, 108 (87%) responded. During the survey period, there were 1213 reported transfusion reactions and 528,412 units transfused, or 2.3 reactions per 1000 units transfused; for RBCs, 2.4 (range, 1.8-3.1); plasma, 1.5 (range, 0.6-3.5); and PLTs, 3.4 (2.1-5.4) per 1000 units. Transfusion reaction rates by component for January 2003 did not differ significantly from the rate for January 2002 or for the calendar year. The 86 reported reactions that occurred in January 2003 were attributed to bacterial contamination (n = 2, 2.3%), other febrile nonhemolytic (n = 49, 57.0%), allergic (n = 14, 16.3%), and 'other' reactions (n = 21, 24.4%); the proportions of reaction types did not differ significantly during the month. CONCLUSION:No overall changes in reported adverse reaction rates occurred over the survey period or in the proportion of reaction types during January 2003 when WPM was detected. Statewide surveillance of transfusion reactions could be useful to evaluate potential threats to blood safety. JF - Transfusion AU - Iwamoto, M AU - Curns, A T AU - Blake, P A AU - Jernigan, D B AU - Holman, R C AU - Lance-Parker, SE AU - Chamberland, ME AU - Kuehnert, MJ AD - 1 From the Epidemic Intelligence Service, Division of Applied Public Health Training, Epidemiology Program Office; the Division of Viral and Rickettsial Diseases; and the Division of Healthcare Quality Promotion, National Center for Infectious Diseases, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA; and the Georgia Department of Human Resources, Division of Public Health, Atlanta, GA, mkuehnert@cdc.gov Y1 - 2004/07// PY - 2004 DA - Jul 2004 SP - 967 EP - 972 PB - Blackwell Publishing Ltd., 9600 Garsington Road Oxford OX4 2DQ UK, [URL:http://www.blackwellpublishing.com] VL - 44 IS - 7 SN - 0041-1132, 0041-1132 KW - Microbiology Abstracts B: Bacteriology KW - Blood KW - Inventories KW - Data processing KW - Contamination KW - Particulate matter KW - Transfusion KW - Side effects KW - J 02490:Miscellaneous UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/21338326?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologyb&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Transfusion&rft.atitle=WHITE+PARTICULATE+MATTER%3A+Rapid+evaluation+of+risk+of+white+particulate+matter+in+blood+components+by+a+statewide+survey+of+transfusion+reactions&rft.au=Iwamoto%2C+M%3BCurns%2C+A+T%3BBlake%2C+P+A%3BJernigan%2C+D+B%3BHolman%2C+R+C%3BLance-Parker%2C+SE%3BChamberland%2C+ME%3BKuehnert%2C+MJ&rft.aulast=Iwamoto&rft.aufirst=M&rft.date=2004-07-01&rft.volume=44&rft.issue=7&rft.spage=967&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Transfusion&rft.issn=00411132&rft_id=info:doi/10.1111%2Fj.1537-2995.2004.03319.x LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2010-02-01 N1 - SuppNotes - Figures, 2; tables, 2; references, 23. N1 - Last updated - 2015-03-31 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Inventories; Blood; Data processing; Contamination; Particulate matter; Transfusion; Side effects DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1537-2995.2004.03319.x ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Special Article: National Surveillance of Dialysis-Associated Diseases in the United States, 2001 AN - 19849715; 6608892 AB - In December 2001, all U.S. chronic hemodialysis (HD) centers were surveyed regarding selected patient care practices and dialysis-associated diseases. The results were compared with similar surveys conducted in previous years. During 1997-2001, the percentage of patients vaccinated against hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection increased from 47% to 60% and the percentage of staff vaccinated increased from 87% to 89%. In 2001, an estimated 65% of patients had been vaccinated for influenza and 26% for pneumococcal pneumonia. In 2001, routine testing for antibody to hepatitis C virus (anti-HCV) was performed on staff at 42% of centers and on patients at 62% of centers; anti-HCV was found in 1.5% of staff and 8.6% of patients. In 2001, the incidence of HBV infection was higher among patients in centers where injectable medications were prepared at the dialysis station, and both HCV prevalence and incidence were higher among patients in centers where injectable medications were prepared at the dialysis station compared to a dedicated medication room. During 1995-2001, the percentage of patients who received dialysis through central catheters increased from 13% to 25%; this trend is worrisome, as infections and antimicrobial use are higher among patients receiving dialysis through catheters. However, during the same period, the percentage of patients receiving dialysis through fistulas increased from 22% to 30%. In 2001, 25% of catheters were used for new patients awaiting an arteriovenous (AV) access, 28% for established patients with a failed access awaiting new AV access, 40% as an access of last resort, and 6% for other reasons, including patient preference. The percentage of centers reporting one or more patients infected or colonized with vancomycin-resistant enterococcus (VRE) increased from 12% in 1995 to 31% in 2001. JF - Seminars in Dialysis AU - Tokars, Jerome I AU - Finelli, Lyn AU - Alter, Miriam J AU - Arduino, Matthew J AD - National Center for Infectious Diseases, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Department of Health and Human Services, Atlanta, Georgia, LFinelli@cdc.gov Y1 - 2004/07// PY - 2004 DA - Jul 2004 SP - 310 EP - 319 PB - Blackwell Publishing Ltd., 9600 Garsington Road Oxford OX4 2DQ UK, [URL:http://www.blackwellpublishing.com] VL - 17 IS - 4 SN - 0894-0959, 0894-0959 KW - Virology & AIDS Abstracts; Microbiology Abstracts B: Bacteriology KW - Influenza KW - Streptococcus pneumoniae KW - Antibodies KW - Hepatitis B virus KW - Hepatitis C virus KW - Enterococcus KW - Catheters KW - Vaccination KW - Hemodialysis KW - Pneumonia KW - Antimicrobial agents KW - J 02400:Human Diseases KW - V 22400:Human Diseases UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/19849715?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologyb&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Seminars+in+Dialysis&rft.atitle=Special+Article%3A+National+Surveillance+of+Dialysis-Associated+Diseases+in+the+United+States%2C+2001&rft.au=Tokars%2C+Jerome+I%3BFinelli%2C+Lyn%3BAlter%2C+Miriam+J%3BArduino%2C+Matthew+J&rft.aulast=Tokars&rft.aufirst=Jerome&rft.date=2004-07-01&rft.volume=17&rft.issue=4&rft.spage=310&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Seminars+in+Dialysis&rft.issn=08940959&rft_id=info:doi/10.1111%2Fj.0894-0959.2004.17339.x LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2009-05-01 N1 - SuppNotes - Figures, 6; tables, 15; references, 22. N1 - Last updated - 2015-03-30 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Influenza; Antibodies; Catheters; Hemodialysis; Vaccination; Pneumonia; Antimicrobial agents; Streptococcus pneumoniae; Hepatitis C virus; Hepatitis B virus; Enterococcus DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.0894-0959.2004.17339.x ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Ethnic Differences in Reported Smoking Behaviors in Face-to-Face and Telephone Interviews AN - 19768183; 6039145 AB - Different modes of gathering data on self-reported health measures and self-reported risk factors are used frequently in research. However, data on the influence of the mode of collection of data on self-reporting are limited. The aim of the study was to identify associations between the mode of data collection and self-reported smoking in two distinct ethnic groups, Jews and Arabs in Israel. During the last 2 years, data were collected in two national surveys regarding the smoking behaviors of Jews and Arabs in Israel. In the telephone surveys 4713 Israeli residents were interviewed and in the face-to-face interviewees 3239 people were interviewed. The interviewees were between the ages 25 and 64. There was no significant difference in smoking rates between face-to-face interviews and telephone interviews among Jewish men or women after adjusting for other variables associated with smoking. However, there was a difference between the two methods of data collection in the Arab population also after the adjustment. In this group, respondents tended to report more often being a smoker in the face-to-face interviews. This was especially apparent in Arab women. There was no significant difference in the reported number of cigarettes smoked in the two modes of data collection. In Arabs compared to Jews there is a significant difference between reporting smoking during a telephone interview and a face-to-face interview. The mode of data collection can affect comparisons between different groups. JF - European Journal of Epidemiology AU - Baron-Epel, O AU - Haviv-Messika, A AU - Green AU - Nitzan Kalutzki, D AD - Israel Center for Disease Control, Ministry of Health, Tel Hashomer; The Cheryl Spencer Department of Nursing, Faculty of Social Welfare and Health Studies, University of Haifa, Mount Carmel 31905, Israel, ornaepel@research.haifa.ac.il Y1 - 2004/07// PY - 2004 DA - Jul 2004 SP - 679 EP - 686 PB - Kluwer Academic Publishers VL - 19 IS - 7 SN - 0393-2990, 0393-2990 KW - Risk Abstracts KW - Data collection KW - Age KW - Behavior KW - Cigarettes KW - Israel KW - Ethnic groups KW - R2 23060:Medical and environmental health UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/19768183?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Ariskabstracts&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=European+Journal+of+Epidemiology&rft.atitle=Ethnic+Differences+in+Reported+Smoking+Behaviors+in+Face-to-Face+and+Telephone+Interviews&rft.au=Baron-Epel%2C+O%3BHaviv-Messika%2C+A%3BGreen%3BNitzan+Kalutzki%2C+D&rft.aulast=Baron-Epel&rft.aufirst=O&rft.date=2004-07-01&rft.volume=19&rft.issue=7&rft.spage=679&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=European+Journal+of+Epidemiology&rft.issn=03932990&rft_id=info:doi/10.1023%2FB%3AEJEP.0000036792.58923.75 LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2009-05-01 N1 - Last updated - 2015-03-30 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Age; Data collection; Cigarettes; Behavior; Ethnic groups; Israel DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/B:EJEP.0000036792.58923.75 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Arthritis, body mass index, and professional advice to lose weight Implications for clinical medicine and public health AN - 19655919; 8790669 AB - Background: Arthritis is the leading cause of disability in the United States. Obesity is a risk factor for arthritis, but the relationship between arthritis and weight has not been well characterized at the population level in the United States. Previous research shows that physicians often fail to advise their obese patients to lose weight. Objectives To describe the relationship between body weight and arthritis in the United States, and to assess predictors of efforts to lose weight among obese adults with arthritis, including the impact of professional advice to lose weight. Methods Data from the 2000 Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System (a population-based survey of U.S. adults) from the 35 states that collected information on weight and height, arthritis, and efforts to lose weight. Arthritis was based on self-report of doctor diagnosis or chronic joint symptoms. Main outcome measures were arthritis and efforts to lose weight among adults with arthritis. Results Overall, 31.7% of respondents had self-reported arthritis. There was a strong relationship between body weight and arthritis. Specifically, the prevalence of arthritis was 25.9% among normal weight (18.5 to 24.9 body mass index [BMI]) adults; 32.1% among overweight (25 to 29.9 BMI) adults; and 43.5% among obese (>30 BMI) adults. This association persisted after adjusting for other factors (adjusted odds ratio [AOR] for having arthritis among obese individuals compared with healthy weight individuals, 3.6; 95% confidence interval [CI]=3.2-3.8). Among obese adults with arthritis who had a routine checkup within the past 12 months, only 43% were advised to lose weight by a health professional. However, recipients of such advice were more likely to try to lose weight than nonrecipients, and professional advice was the strongest independent predictor of weight loss efforts (AOR=2.8; 95% CI=2.5-3.1). Conclusions Body mass index (BMI) is an important independent risk factor for self-reported arthritis. Although physicians often fail to advise obese adults with arthritis to lose weight, adults who report receiving such advice were more likely to report weight-loss efforts. Improved awareness of the relationship between arthritis and weight might help motivate patients to lose weight, and physician advice to lose weight could contribute to the prevention and treatment of arthritis. JF - American Journal of Preventive Medicine AU - Mehrotra, Chetna AU - Naimi, Timothy S AU - Serdula, Mary AU - Bolen, Julie AU - Pearson, Karl AD - Bureau of Chronic Disease Prevention and Health Promotion, Division of Public Health (Mehrotra), Wisconsin Department of Health and Family Services, Madison, Wisconsin, USA, bfz1@cdc.gov Y1 - 2004/07// PY - 2004 DA - Jul 2004 SP - 16 EP - 21 PB - Elsevier Science, The Boulevard Langford Lane Kidlington Oxford OX5 1GB UK, [mailto:nlinfo-f@elsevier.nl], [URL:http://www.elsevier.nl] VL - 27 IS - 1 SN - 0749-3797, 0749-3797 KW - Physical Education Index; Risk Abstracts KW - population levels KW - disabilities KW - Body mass KW - obesity KW - Adults KW - Medical personnel KW - Public health KW - Weight KW - body mass KW - Risk factors KW - Arthritis KW - prevention KW - Physicians KW - body weight KW - Obesity KW - Weight control KW - Patients KW - USA KW - R2 23060:Medical and environmental health KW - PE 030:Exercise, Health & Physical Fitness UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/19655919?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Ariskabstracts&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=American+Journal+of+Preventive+Medicine&rft.atitle=Arthritis%2C+body+mass+index%2C+and+professional+advice+to+lose+weight+Implications+for+clinical+medicine+and+public+health&rft.au=Mehrotra%2C+Chetna%3BNaimi%2C+Timothy+S%3BSerdula%2C+Mary%3BBolen%2C+Julie%3BPearson%2C+Karl&rft.aulast=Mehrotra&rft.aufirst=Chetna&rft.date=2004-07-01&rft.volume=27&rft.issue=1&rft.spage=16&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=American+Journal+of+Preventive+Medicine&rft.issn=07493797&rft_id=info:doi/10.1016%2Fj.amepre.2004.03.007 LA - English DB - Physical Education Index; ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2008-12-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-14 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Arthritis; Weight control; Adults; Obesity; Weight; Body mass; Risk factors; Physicians; Patients; USA; body mass; body weight; obesity; disabilities; prevention; population levels; Public health; Medical personnel DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.amepre.2004.03.007 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Effectiveness of mass media campaigns for reducing drinking and driving and alcohol-involved crashes A systematic review AN - 19639783; 8790675 AB - A systematic review of the effectiveness of mass media campaigns for reducing alcohol-impaired driving (AID) and alcohol-related crashes was conducted for the Guide to Community Preventive Services (Community Guide). In eight studies that met quality criteria for inclusion in the review, the median decrease in alcohol-related crashes resulting from the campaigns was 13% (interquartile range: 6% to 14%). Economic analyses of campaign effects indicated that the societal benefits were greater than the costs. The mass media campaigns reviewed were generally carefully planned, well executed, attained adequate audience exposure, and were implemented in conjunction with other ongoing prevention activities, such as high visibility enforcement. According to Community Guide rules of evidence, there is strong evidence that, under these conditions, mass media campaigns are effective in reducing AID and alcohol-related crashes. JF - American Journal of Preventive Medicine AU - Elder, Randy W AU - Shults, Ruth A AU - Sleet, David A AU - Nichols, James L AU - Thompson, Robert S AU - Rajab, Warda AD - Division of Unintentional Injury Prevention, National Center for Injury Prevention and Control (Elder, Shults, Sleet), Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia, USA, rfe3@cdc.gov Y1 - 2004/07// PY - 2004 DA - Jul 2004 SP - 57 EP - 65 PB - Elsevier Science, The Boulevard Langford Lane Kidlington Oxford OX5 1GB UK, [mailto:nlinfo-f@elsevier.nl], [URL:http://www.elsevier.nl] VL - 27 IS - 1 SN - 0749-3797, 0749-3797 KW - Health & Safety Science Abstracts; Risk Abstracts KW - mass media KW - Risk reduction KW - Accidents KW - prevention KW - traffic safety KW - Alcohol KW - Prevention KW - Reviews KW - Economic analysis KW - Visibility KW - Traffic safety KW - Mass media KW - economic analysis KW - H 2000:Transportation KW - R2 23060:Medical and environmental health UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/19639783?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Ariskabstracts&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=American+Journal+of+Preventive+Medicine&rft.atitle=Effectiveness+of+mass+media+campaigns+for+reducing+drinking+and+driving+and+alcohol-involved+crashes+A+systematic+review&rft.au=Elder%2C+Randy+W%3BShults%2C+Ruth+A%3BSleet%2C+David+A%3BNichols%2C+James+L%3BThompson%2C+Robert+S%3BRajab%2C+Warda&rft.aulast=Elder&rft.aufirst=Randy&rft.date=2004-07-01&rft.volume=27&rft.issue=1&rft.spage=57&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=American+Journal+of+Preventive+Medicine&rft.issn=07493797&rft_id=info:doi/10.1016%2Fj.amepre.2004.03.002 LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2008-12-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-14 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Traffic safety; Risk reduction; Accidents; Reviews; Mass media; Prevention; Alcohol; Economic analysis; Visibility; traffic safety; mass media; prevention; economic analysis DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.amepre.2004.03.002 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Limitations of Using Dosimeters in Impulse Noise Environments AN - 18023796; 5955899 AB - The National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH) investigated the capabilities of noise dosimeters to measure personal exposure to impulse noise. The two leading types of commercially available dosimeters were evaluated in terms of their ability to measure and integrate impulses generated from gunfire during live-fire exercises at a law enforcement indoor firing range. Sound measurements were conducted throughout the firing range using dosimeters, sound level meters, and a measurement configuration that consisted of a quarter-inch microphone and a digital audiotape recorder to capture the impulse waveforms. Personal dosimetry was conducted on eight shooters, an observer, and the range master. Peak levels from gunfire reached 163 decibels (dB), exceeding the nominal input limit of the dosimeters. The dosimeters "clipped" the impulses by acting as if the gunfire had a maximum level of 146 dB. In other cases, however, peak levels (e.g., 108 dB) were below the dosimeter input limits, but the dosimeters still showed a peak level of 146 dB. Although NIOSH recommends that sound levels from 80 to 140 dB (A-weighted) be integrated in the calculation of dose and the time-weighted average, our present data suggest this criterion may be inadequate. These results showed that some instruments are incapable of providing accurate measures of impulse sounds because of their electroacoustic limitations. JF - Journal of Occupational and Environmental Hygiene AU - Kardous, CA AU - Willson, R D AD - Hearing Loss Prevention Section, National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, 4676 Columbia Parkway, C27, Cincinnati, OH 45226, USA, ckardous@cdc.gov Y1 - 2004/07// PY - 2004 DA - Jul 2004 SP - 456 EP - 462 VL - 1 IS - 7 SN - 1545-9624, 1545-9624 KW - Pollution Abstracts; Health & Safety Science Abstracts KW - Noise levels KW - Acoustic measurements KW - Occupational exposure KW - Monitoring instruments KW - P 7000:NOISE KW - H 1000:Occupational Safety and Health UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/18023796?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Apollution&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Occupational+and+Environmental+Hygiene&rft.atitle=Limitations+of+Using+Dosimeters+in+Impulse+Noise+Environments&rft.au=Kardous%2C+CA%3BWillson%2C+R+D&rft.aulast=Kardous&rft.aufirst=CA&rft.date=2004-07-01&rft.volume=1&rft.issue=7&rft.spage=456&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+Occupational+and+Environmental+Hygiene&rft.issn=15459624&rft_id=info:doi/10.1080%2F15459620490465839 LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Noise levels; Occupational exposure; Monitoring instruments; Acoustic measurements DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/15459620490465839 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Development of Evaluation Procedures for Local Exhaust Ventilation for United States Postal Service Mail-Processing Equipment AN - 18023517; 5955894 AB - Researchers from the National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH) have conducted several evaluations of local exhaust ventilation (LEV) systems for the United States Postal Service (USPS) since autumn 2001 when (a) terrorist(s) employed the mail system for acts of bioterrorism. As a part of the USPS 2002 Emergency Preparedness Plan, the development and installation of LEV onto USPS mail-processing equipment can reduce future exposures to operators from potentially hazardous contaminants, such as anthrax, which might be emitted during the processing of mail. This article describes how NIOSH field testing led to the development of recommended testing procedures for evaluations of LEV capture efficiency for mail-processing equipment, including tracer gas measurements, smoke release observations, air velocity measurements, and decay-rate testing under access hoods. JF - Journal of Occupational and Environmental Hygiene AU - Beamer, B R AU - Topmiller, J L AU - Crouch, K G AD - 4676 Columbia Parkway, MS R-5, Cincinnati, OH 45226, USA, bbeamer@cdc.gov Y1 - 2004/07// PY - 2004 DA - Jul 2004 SP - 423 EP - 429 VL - 1 IS - 7 SN - 1545-9624, 1545-9624 KW - United States Postal Service KW - Pollution Abstracts; Health & Safety Science Abstracts KW - Ventilation KW - bioterrorism KW - Emergency preparedness KW - Occupational exposure KW - Exhaust emissions KW - H 1000:Occupational Safety and Health KW - P 6000:TOXICOLOGY AND HEALTH UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/18023517?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Apollution&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Occupational+and+Environmental+Hygiene&rft.atitle=Development+of+Evaluation+Procedures+for+Local+Exhaust+Ventilation+for+United+States+Postal+Service+Mail-Processing+Equipment&rft.au=Beamer%2C+B+R%3BTopmiller%2C+J+L%3BCrouch%2C+K+G&rft.aulast=Beamer&rft.aufirst=B&rft.date=2004-07-01&rft.volume=1&rft.issue=7&rft.spage=423&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+Occupational+and+Environmental+Hygiene&rft.issn=15459624&rft_id=info:doi/10.1080%2F15459620490458486 LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Occupational exposure; Ventilation; bioterrorism; Exhaust emissions; Emergency preparedness DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/15459620490458486 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Changes in caffeine consumption as a signal of pregnancy AN - 18015469; 5970070 AB - The purpose of this prospective study was to examine caffeine consumption and other signals of early pregnancy. One hundred and five pregnant, nonsmoking, coffee drinkers ages 18-40 were enrolled by the ninth week after their last menstrual period (LMP). Participants kept daily diaries of beverage and caffeine consumption and symptoms. Urine samples were collected to assess hormone metabolites. Descriptive statistics were generated. During the first trimester, 96% of subjects decreased or quit drinking coffee, 65% of whom reported a unique aversion to coffee. The mean daily caffeine consumption at LMP from coffee alone was 119 mg (S.D. 105), with a range 1-574 mg. There was a 59% decrease of mean daily consumption of caffeine from coffee between weeks 4 and 6, from 96 to 39 mg. The vast majority of subjects experienced nausea (98%) and appetite loss (93%); vomiting was less prevalent (54%). The most common dietary aversions included meat, coffee, spicy foods, and dairy products. Hormone metabolite patterns are reported. Signals of early pregnancy included an aversion to coffee in addition to nausea and vomiting, which resulted in decreased caffeine consumption. These symptoms often interfered with daily life and lasted beyond the first trimester for many. Consideration should be given that a decrease in caffeine consumption may be a signal for a healthy pregnancy and acting as a confounder. JF - Reproductive Toxicology AU - Lawson, C C AU - LeMasters, G K AU - Wilson, KA AD - Division of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, College of Medicine, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH, USA, CLawson@CDC.GOV Y1 - 2004/07// PY - 2004 DA - Jul 2004 SP - 625 EP - 633 PB - Elsevier Science Inc., Box 882 New York NY 10159 USA, [mailto:usinfo-f@elsevier.com] VL - 18 IS - 5 SN - 0890-6238, 0890-6238 KW - man KW - Toxicology Abstracts KW - Caffeine KW - Coffee KW - Hormones KW - Nausea KW - Pregnancy KW - Meat KW - Beverages KW - Aversion learning KW - Metabolites KW - Appetite KW - X 24120:Food, additives & contaminants UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/18015469?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxicologyabstracts&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Reproductive+Toxicology&rft.atitle=Changes+in+caffeine+consumption+as+a+signal+of+pregnancy&rft.au=Lawson%2C+C+C%3BLeMasters%2C+G+K%3BWilson%2C+KA&rft.aulast=Lawson&rft.aufirst=C&rft.date=2004-07-01&rft.volume=18&rft.issue=5&rft.spage=625&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Reproductive+Toxicology&rft.issn=08906238&rft_id=info:doi/10.1016%2Fj.reprotox.2004.03.004 LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Last updated - 2015-03-24 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Coffee; Meat; Beverages; Aversion learning; Caffeine; Metabolites; Nausea; Appetite; Hormones; Pregnancy DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.reprotox.2004.03.004 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Multiplex Real-Time PCR for Detection of Anaplasma phagocytophilum and Borrelia burgdorferi AN - 18009923; 5987796 AB - A multiplex real-time PCR assay was developed for the simultaneous detection of Anaplasma phagocytophilum and Borrelia burgdorferi. The assay was tested on various Anaplasma, Borrelia, Erhlichia, and Rickettsia species, as well as on Bartonella henselae and Escherichia coli, and the assay was found to be highly specific for A. phagocytophilum and the Borrelia species tested (B. burgdorferi, B. parkeri, B. andersonii, and B. bissettii). The analytical sensitivity of the assay is comparable to that of previously described nested PCR assays (A. phagocytophilum, 16S rRNA; B. burgdorferi, fla gene), amplifying the equivalent of one-eighth of an A. phagocytophilum-infected cell and 50 borrelia spirochetes. The dynamic range of the assay for both A. phagocytophilum and B. burgdorferi was [=>] 4 logs of magnitude. Purified DNA from A. phagocytophilum and B. burgdorferi was spiked into DNA extracted from uninfected ticks and from negative control mouse and human bloods, and these background DNAs were shown to have no significant effect on sensitivity or specificity of the assay. The assay was tested on field-collected Ixodes scapularis ticks and shown to have 100% concordance compared to previously described non-probe-based PCR assays. To our knowledge, this is the first report of a real-time multiplex PCR assay that can be used for the simultaneous and rapid screening of samples for A. phagocytophilum and Borrelia species, two of the most common tick-borne infectious agents in the United States. JF - Journal of Clinical Microbiology AU - Courtney, J W AU - Kostelnik, L M AU - Zeidner, N S AU - Massung, R F AD - Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, 1600 Clifton Rd., MS G-13, Atlanta, GA 30333, rfm2@cdc.gov Y1 - 2004/07// PY - 2004 DA - Jul 2004 SP - 3164 EP - 3168 PB - American Society for Microbiology, 1752 N Street N.W. Washington, DC 20036 USA, [URL:http://www.asm.org/] VL - 42 IS - 7 SN - 0095-1137, 0095-1137 KW - Deer tick KW - Microbiology Abstracts B: Bacteriology KW - Screening KW - USA KW - Borrelia burgdorferi KW - Anaplasma phagocytophilum KW - Polymerase chain reaction KW - Assays KW - Ixodes scapularis KW - Fla gene KW - rRNA 16S KW - J 02704:Enumeration UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/18009923?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologyb&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Clinical+Microbiology&rft.atitle=Multiplex+Real-Time+PCR+for+Detection+of+Anaplasma+phagocytophilum+and+Borrelia+burgdorferi&rft.au=Courtney%2C+J+W%3BKostelnik%2C+L+M%3BZeidner%2C+N+S%3BMassung%2C+R+F&rft.aulast=Courtney&rft.aufirst=J&rft.date=2004-07-01&rft.volume=42&rft.issue=7&rft.spage=3164&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+Clinical+Microbiology&rft.issn=00951137&rft_id=info:doi/10.1128%2FJCM.42.7.3164-3168.2004 LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Anaplasma phagocytophilum; Ixodes scapularis; Borrelia burgdorferi; USA; Screening; Assays; rRNA 16S; Fla gene; Polymerase chain reaction DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/JCM.42.7.3164-3168.2004 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Contact investigation for cases of pulmonary Mycobacterium bovis AN - 17788229; 6000858 AB - A local tuberculosis control program in San Diego County, California. To determine the yield of contact investigations of pulmonary Mycobacterium bovis cases. Retrospective review of medical records comparing tuberculin skin test (TST) conversion rates found in contact investigations of pulmonary M. bovis cases to conversion rates found in contact investigations of pulmonary M. tuberculosis cases. For the years 1994-2001, we identified 77 contacts of pulmonary M. bovis cases and 469 contacts of M. tuberculosis cases that met the study criteria. TST conversion rates were not significantly different based on species of the source case (13% for M. bovis, 15% for M. tuberculosis, P = 0.20). This finding was also observed when the results were stratified by presence of a cavity on chest X-ray, history of cough at diagnosis and human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) status of the source case. These results suggest that contact investigations for pulmonary M. bovis cases should be conducted in the same manner as those conducted for pulmonary M. tuberculosis cases. JF - International Journal of Tuberculosis and Lung Disease AU - LoBue, P A AU - LeClair, J J AU - Moser, K S AD - CDC/DTBE/FSEB, Mail Stop E-10, 1600 Clifton Road, Atlanta, GA 30333, USA, pgl5@cdc.gov Y1 - 2004/07// PY - 2004 DA - Jul 2004 SP - 868 EP - 872 VL - 8 IS - 7 SN - 1027-3719, 1027-3719 KW - HIV KW - Microbiology Abstracts B: Bacteriology KW - Cavities KW - medical records KW - Control programs KW - Lung diseases KW - Cough KW - Mycobacterium bovis KW - Chest KW - Skin tests KW - Human immunodeficiency virus KW - Tuberculin KW - Tuberculosis KW - USA, California KW - J 02845:Ear, nose and respiratory tract UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/17788229?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologyb&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=International+Journal+of+Tuberculosis+and+Lung+Disease&rft.atitle=Contact+investigation+for+cases+of+pulmonary+Mycobacterium+bovis&rft.au=LoBue%2C+P+A%3BLeClair%2C+J+J%3BMoser%2C+K+S&rft.aulast=LoBue&rft.aufirst=P&rft.date=2004-07-01&rft.volume=8&rft.issue=7&rft.spage=868&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=International+Journal+of+Tuberculosis+and+Lung+Disease&rft.issn=10273719&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Mycobacterium bovis; Human immunodeficiency virus; USA, California; Tuberculosis; Control programs; Skin tests; Cavities; medical records; Cough; Tuberculin; Lung diseases; Chest ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Assessing health risk behaviors among adolescents: the effect of question wording and appeals for honesty AN - 17611272; 6148956 AB - To understand how methodological factors influence prevalence estimates of health-risk behaviors obtained from surveys, we examined the effect of varying question wording and honesty appeals while holding other aspects of the surveys constant. A convenience sample of students (n = 4140) in grades 9 through 12 was randomly assigned to complete one of six versions of a paper-and-pencil questionnaire in classrooms. Each questionnaire version represented a different combination of honesty appeal (standard vs. strong) and questionnaire type. The questionnaire types varied in wording and in the number of questions assessing particular types of behaviors. The questionnaires were based on those used in three national surveys; the Youth Risk Behavior Survey, Monitoring the Future, and the National Household Survey on Drug Abuse. Logistic regression analyses examined how responses to each survey question assessing behavior were associated with questionnaire type, honesty appeal, and the interaction of those two variables. Among 32 behaviors with different question wording across questionnaire types, 12 showed a significant effect of questionnaire type. Among 45 behaviors with identical question wording across questionnaire types, five showed a significant main effect of questionnaire type. Among all 77 behaviors, one showed a significant main effect for honesty appeal and two showed a significant interaction between honesty appeal and questionnaire type. When population, setting, questionnaire context, mode of administration, and data-editing protocols are held constant, differences in question wording can create statistically significant differences in some prevalence estimates. Varying honesty appeals does not have an effect on prevalence estimates. JF - Journal of Adolescent Health AU - Brener, N D AU - Grunbaum, JA AU - Kann, L AU - McManus, T AU - Ross, J AD - Division of Adolescent and School Health, National Center for Chronic Disease Prevention and Health Promotion, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia (N.D.B. J.A.G. L.K. T.M.), USA, nad1@cdc.gov Y1 - 2004/07// PY - 2004 DA - Jul 2004 SP - 91 EP - 100 PB - Elsevier Science Ltd., The Boulevard Langford Lane Kidlington Oxford OX5 1GB UK, [mailto:usinfo-f@elsevier.com], [URL:http://www.elsevier.nl] VL - 35 IS - 1 SN - 1054-139X, 1054-139X KW - Risk Abstracts KW - R2 23060:Medical and environmental health UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/17611272?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Ariskabstracts&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Adolescent+Health&rft.atitle=Assessing+health+risk+behaviors+among+adolescents%3A+the+effect+of+question+wording+and+appeals+for+honesty&rft.au=Brener%2C+N+D%3BGrunbaum%2C+JA%3BKann%2C+L%3BMcManus%2C+T%3BRoss%2C+J&rft.aulast=Brener&rft.aufirst=N&rft.date=2004-07-01&rft.volume=35&rft.issue=1&rft.spage=91&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+Adolescent+Health&rft.issn=1054139X&rft_id=info:doi/10.1016%2Fj.jadohealth.2003.08.013 LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2005-10-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jadohealth.2003.08.013 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Analytical Contaminant Transport Analysis System (ACTS)--Multimedia Environmental Fate and Transport AN - 16178140; 5956024 AB - The analytical contaminant transport analysis system (ACTS) is a computational analysis platform designed to assist environmental engineers and health scientists with assessing and quantifying environmental multimedia fate and transport of contaminants within four environmental transport pathways--air, soil, surface water, and groundwater. ACTS contains more than 100 models and associated analytical solutions that are available in the public domain. The solutions are provided under a unified computational platform and are accessed through an easy to learn and easy to use graphical user interface. A powerful feature of this analysis system is the ability to conduct probabilistic analyses using one- and two-stage Monte Carlo simulation that is dynamically linked to all pathway modules. External routines or third-party software are not required to conduct Monte Carlo simulations in ACTS. Publication-quality output for simulation results can be developed using the presentation utilities included in ACTS for all pathway modules. To illustrate the capabilities of ACTS, three site-specific analyses are presented. A deterministic ("single-point") and a probabilistic analysis (two-stage Monte Carlo simulation) to assess the fate and transport of tetrachloroethylene in the groundwater pathway, and a probabilistic analysis of fate and transport of ethylene dibromide in a multipathway environmental assessment. JF - Practice Periodical of Hazardous, Toxic, and Radioactive Waste Management AU - Maslia, M L AU - Aral, M M AD - Agency for Toxic Substances and Disease Registry, 1600 Clifton Rd., Mail Stop E-32, Atlanta, GA 30333, USA, mmaslia@cdc.gov Y1 - 2004/07// PY - 2004 DA - Jul 2004 SP - 181 EP - 198 VL - 8 IS - 3 SN - 1090-025X, 1090-025X KW - ethylene dibromide KW - Pollution Abstracts KW - Surface water KW - Pollution dispersion KW - Environmental impact KW - Groundwater pollution KW - Pollution effects KW - Simulation KW - Air quality KW - Water quality KW - P 9000:ENVIRONMENTAL ACTION UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16178140?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Apollution&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Practice+Periodical+of+Hazardous%2C+Toxic%2C+and+Radioactive+Waste+Management&rft.atitle=Analytical+Contaminant+Transport+Analysis+System+%28ACTS%29--Multimedia+Environmental+Fate+and+Transport&rft.au=Maslia%2C+M+L%3BAral%2C+M+M&rft.aulast=Maslia&rft.aufirst=M&rft.date=2004-07-01&rft.volume=8&rft.issue=3&rft.spage=181&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Practice+Periodical+of+Hazardous%2C+Toxic%2C+and+Radioactive+Waste+Management&rft.issn=1090025X&rft_id=info:doi/10.1061%2F%28ASCE%291090-025X%282004%298%3A3%28181%29 LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2004-07-01 N1 - Last updated - 2015-03-24 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Surface water; Pollution dispersion; Environmental impact; Simulation; Pollution effects; Groundwater pollution; Air quality; Water quality DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1061/(ASCE)1090-025X(2004)8:3(181) ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Public Health Risk of Arsenic Contamination at a Public Park in Deer Lodge, Montana AN - 16176546; 5956020 AB - This paper reports an effort by the Agency for Toxic Substances and Disease Registry (ATSDR) to identify whether the arsenic soil concentrations in a public park in Montana were a health concern for park users. Concern was expressed especially for children in the nearby town of about 3,500 who may visit the park regularly. To address this concern, the ATSDR designed and conducted a soil sampling program of the park in cooperation with the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA), Montana state health and environmental agencies, and the local county government. The sampling design focused on taking composite samples from the most-used areas of the park, such as trails, benches, picnic tables, and other areas where exposure to soil was more likely. Standard EPA methods were used for sampling and laboratory analysis. Results were compared to a risk-based concentration (RBC) of 684 milligrams per kilogram (mg/kg) which was based on the exposure of a child to park soil 48 times a year. This RBC was developed by the EPA with the concurrence of the other agencies involved. The results indicate that general recreational use of the park is safe. JF - Practice Periodical of Hazardous, Toxic, and Radioactive Waste Management AU - Dyken, J J AU - Crellin, J R AD - Agency for Toxic Substances and Disease Registry, Superfund Site Assessment Branch, U.S. Public Health Service, Mailstop E32, 1600 Clifton Rd., NE, Atlanta, GA 30333, USA, jdyken@cdc.gov Y1 - 2004/07// PY - 2004 DA - Jul 2004 SP - 155 EP - 160 VL - 8 IS - 3 SN - 1090-025X, 1090-025X KW - Health & Safety Science Abstracts; Pollution Abstracts; Risk Abstracts KW - Arsenic KW - Recreation areas KW - USA, Montana, Deer Lodge KW - Pollution effects KW - Soil contamination KW - Public health KW - R2 23060:Medical and environmental health KW - H 12000:Epidemiology and Public Health KW - P 6000:TOXICOLOGY AND HEALTH UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16176546?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Ariskabstracts&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Practice+Periodical+of+Hazardous%2C+Toxic%2C+and+Radioactive+Waste+Management&rft.atitle=Public+Health+Risk+of+Arsenic+Contamination+at+a+Public+Park+in+Deer+Lodge%2C+Montana&rft.au=Dyken%2C+J+J%3BCrellin%2C+J+R&rft.aulast=Dyken&rft.aufirst=J&rft.date=2004-07-01&rft.volume=8&rft.issue=3&rft.spage=155&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Practice+Periodical+of+Hazardous%2C+Toxic%2C+and+Radioactive+Waste+Management&rft.issn=1090025X&rft_id=info:doi/10.1061%2F%28ASCE%291090-025X%282004%298%3A3%28155%29 LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2004-07-01 N1 - Last updated - 2015-03-24 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Arsenic; Recreation areas; Pollution effects; Soil contamination; Public health; USA, Montana, Deer Lodge DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1061/(ASCE)1090-025X(2004)8:3(155) ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Lead poisoning from ingestion of a toy necklace--Oregon, 2003. AN - 66637581; 15201845 AB - Although ingestion of dust from lead-based paint is the most common source of lead exposure among children in the United States, lead also can be present in unsuspected objects. Ingestion of these objects can result in elevated blood lead levels (BLLs). This report describes an investigation by the Deschutes County Health Department and the Oregon Department of Human Services of lead poisoning in a boy who swallowed a medallion pendant from a necklace sold in a toy vending machine. The investigation resulted in a nationwide recall in September 2003 of the implicated toy necklace. Clinicians and caregivers should consider lead poisoning in any child who ingests, or puts in his mouth, a metal object. Cases of lead poisoning should be reported immediately to public health authorities to prevent other children from being exposed to the same sources of lead. JF - MMWR. Morbidity and mortality weekly report AU - Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) AD - Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) Y1 - 2004/06/18/ PY - 2004 DA - 2004 Jun 18 SP - 509 EP - 511 VL - 53 IS - 23 KW - Index Medicus KW - Oregon KW - Humans KW - Play and Playthings KW - Male KW - Child, Preschool KW - Lead Poisoning -- etiology KW - Lead Poisoning -- diagnosis UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/66637581?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=MMWR.+Morbidity+and+mortality+weekly+report&rft.atitle=Lead+poisoning+from+ingestion+of+a+toy+necklace--Oregon%2C+2003.&rft.au=Centers+for+Disease+Control+and+Prevention+%28CDC%29&rft.aulast=Centers+for+Disease+Control+and+Prevention+%28CDC%29&rft.aufirst=&rft.date=2004-06-18&rft.volume=53&rft.issue=23&rft.spage=509&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=MMWR.+Morbidity+and+mortality+weekly+report&rft.issn=1545-861X&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 2004-06-21 N1 - Date created - 2004-06-17 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Suicide among Hispanics--United States, 1997-2001. AN - 72006183; 15190244 AB - By 2020, Hispanics are expected to represent 17% of the U.S. population and to surpass all other racial/ethnic minority populations in size. In 1996, the U.S. Department of Health and Human Services established the Hispanic Agenda for Action initiative; a major goal of this initiative is to identify health problems that affect Hispanics. In 2001, although the overall age-adjusted suicide rate per 100,000 population among Hispanics was lower than the U.S. national rate (10.7), suicide was the third leading cause of death among young (i.e., aged 10-24 years) Hispanics and the seventh leading cause of years of potential life lost before age 75 years. To identify demographic groups at risk for suicide and to help guide prevention efforts, CDC analyzed mortality data for 1997-2001. This report summarizes the results of that analysis, which indicated that, among Hispanics, the largest proportion of suicides occurred among young persons; suicide rates were higher among males; and the most common method of suicide was by firearms. To reduce the number of suicides, additional prevention strategies are needed, including 1) improving methods for collecting data about suicides, suicide attempts, and related behaviors; 2) expanding evaluation of prevention efforts aimed at reducing suicidal behaviors; and 3) examining how effective interventions can be modified for diverse and culturally specific populations. JF - MMWR. Morbidity and mortality weekly report AU - Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) AD - Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) Y1 - 2004/06/11/ PY - 2004 DA - 2004 Jun 11 SP - 478 EP - 481 VL - 53 IS - 22 KW - Index Medicus KW - Wounds, Gunshot -- epidemiology KW - Humans KW - Adult KW - Poisoning -- epidemiology KW - Aged KW - Middle Aged KW - Child KW - Adolescent KW - United States -- epidemiology KW - Male KW - Female KW - Asphyxia -- epidemiology KW - Hispanic Americans -- statistics & numerical data KW - Suicide -- statistics & numerical data UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/72006183?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=MMWR.+Morbidity+and+mortality+weekly+report&rft.atitle=Suicide+among+Hispanics--United+States%2C+1997-2001.&rft.au=Centers+for+Disease+Control+and+Prevention+%28CDC%29&rft.aulast=Centers+for+Disease+Control+and+Prevention+%28CDC%29&rft.aufirst=&rft.date=2004-06-11&rft.volume=53&rft.issue=22&rft.spage=478&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=MMWR.+Morbidity+and+mortality+weekly+report&rft.issn=1545-861X&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 2004-06-15 N1 - Date created - 2004-06-10 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Outbreak of Salmonella serotype Enteritidis infections associated with raw almonds--United States and Canada, 2003-2004. AN - 72006078; 15190247 AB - On May 12, 2004, the Oregon State Public Health Laboratory identified a cluster of five patients infected with Salmonella enterica serotype Enteritidis (SE) isolates that were matched by using two-enzyme pulsed-field gel electrophoresis (PFGE). The five patients were from four Oregon counties; their onsets of illness occurred during February-April 2004. A subsequent investigation, still ongoing, has identified a total of 29 patients in 12 states and Canada with matching SE isolates, since at least September 2003. Seven patients have been hospitalized; no one has died. Raw almonds distributed throughout the United States and internationally have been implicated as the source of the SE infections. As of May 21, approximately 13 million pounds of raw almonds had been recalled by the producer. JF - MMWR. Morbidity and mortality weekly report AU - Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) AD - Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) Y1 - 2004/06/11/ PY - 2004 DA - 2004 Jun 11 SP - 484 EP - 487 VL - 53 IS - 22 KW - Index Medicus KW - Canada -- epidemiology KW - Humans KW - United States -- epidemiology KW - Salmonella Food Poisoning -- etiology KW - Prunus -- microbiology KW - Salmonella Food Poisoning -- epidemiology KW - Salmonella enteritidis -- isolation & purification UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/72006078?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=MMWR.+Morbidity+and+mortality+weekly+report&rft.atitle=Outbreak+of+Salmonella+serotype+Enteritidis+infections+associated+with+raw+almonds--United+States+and+Canada%2C+2003-2004.&rft.au=Centers+for+Disease+Control+and+Prevention+%28CDC%29&rft.aulast=Centers+for+Disease+Control+and+Prevention+%28CDC%29&rft.aufirst=&rft.date=2004-06-11&rft.volume=53&rft.issue=22&rft.spage=484&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=MMWR.+Morbidity+and+mortality+weekly+report&rft.issn=1545-861X&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 2004-06-15 N1 - Date created - 2004-06-10 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Methods of suicide among persons aged 10-19 years--United States, 1992-2001. AN - 72006033; 15190241 AB - In 2001, suicide was the third leading cause of death among persons aged 10-19 years. The most common method of suicide in this age group was by firearm (49%), followed by suffocation (mostly hanging) (38%) and poisoning (7%). During 1992-2001, although the overall suicide rate among persons aged 10-19 years declined from 6.2 to 4.6 per 100,000 population, methods of suicide changed substantially. To characterize trends in suicide methods among persons in this age group, CDC analyzed data for persons living in the United States during 1992-2001. This report summarizes the results of that analysis, which indicated a substantial decline in suicides by firearm and an increase in suicides by suffocation in persons aged 10-14 and 15-19 years. Beginning in 1997, among persons aged 10-14 years, suffocation surpassed firearms as the most common suicide method. The decline in firearm suicides combined with the increase in suicides by suffocation suggests that changes have occurred in suicidal behavior among youths during the preceding decade. Public health officials should develop intervention strategies that address the challenges posed by these changes, including programs that integrate monitoring systems, etiologic research, and comprehensive prevention activities. JF - MMWR. Morbidity and mortality weekly report AU - Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) AD - Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) Y1 - 2004/06/11/ PY - 2004 DA - 2004 Jun 11 SP - 471 EP - 474 VL - 53 IS - 22 KW - Index Medicus KW - Wounds, Gunshot -- epidemiology KW - Humans KW - Child KW - Adolescent KW - United States -- epidemiology KW - Asphyxia -- epidemiology KW - Suicide -- trends KW - Suicide -- statistics & numerical data UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/72006033?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=MMWR.+Morbidity+and+mortality+weekly+report&rft.atitle=Methods+of+suicide+among+persons+aged+10-19+years--United+States%2C+1992-2001.&rft.au=Centers+for+Disease+Control+and+Prevention+%28CDC%29&rft.aulast=Centers+for+Disease+Control+and+Prevention+%28CDC%29&rft.aufirst=&rft.date=2004-06-11&rft.volume=53&rft.issue=22&rft.spage=471&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=MMWR.+Morbidity+and+mortality+weekly+report&rft.issn=1545-861X&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 2004-06-15 N1 - Date created - 2004-06-10 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Responding to detection of aerosolized Bacillus anthracis by autonomous detection systems in the workplace. AN - 72005061; 15179360 AB - Autonomous detection systems (ADSs) are under development to detect agents of biologic and chemical terror in the environment. These systems will eventually be able to detect biologic and chemical hazards reliably and provide approximate real-time alerts that an agent is present. One type of ADS that tests specifically for Bacillus anthracis is being deployed in hundreds of postal distribution centers across the United States. Identification of aerosolized B. anthracis spores in an air sample can facilitate prompt on-site decontamination of workers and subsequent administration of postexposure prophylaxis to prevent inhalational anthrax. Every employer who deploys an ADS should develop detailed plans for responding to a positive signal. Responding to ADS detection of B. anthracis involves coordinating responses with community partners and should include drills and exercises with these partners. This report provides guidelines in the following six areas: 1) response and consequence management planning, including the minimum components of a facility response plan; 2) immediate response and evacuation; 3) decontamination of potentially exposed workers to remove spores from clothing and skin and prevent introduction of B. anthracis into the worker's home and conveyances; 4) laboratory confirmation of an ADS signal; 5) steps for evaluating potentially contaminated environments; and 6) postexposure prophylaxis and follow-up. JF - MMWR. Recommendations and reports : Morbidity and mortality weekly report. Recommendations and reports AU - Meehan, Patrick J AU - Rosenstein, Nancy E AU - Gillen, Matthew AU - Meyer, Richard F AU - Kiefer, Max J AU - Deitchman, Scott AU - Besser, Richard E AU - Ehrenberg, Richard L AU - Edwards, Kathleen M AU - Martinez, Kenneth F AD - Office of the Director, National Center for Environmental Health/Agency for Toxic Substances and Disease Registry, USA. Y1 - 2004/06/04/ PY - 2004 DA - 2004 Jun 04 SP - 1 EP - 12 VL - 53 KW - Air Pollutants KW - 0 KW - Index Medicus KW - United States KW - Civil Defense KW - Humans KW - Decontamination KW - Bacillus anthracis -- isolation & purification KW - Disaster Planning -- standards KW - Air Pollutants -- isolation & purification KW - Workplace KW - Anthrax -- prevention & control KW - Air Microbiology KW - Bioterrorism KW - Spores, Bacterial -- isolation & purification UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/72005061?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=MMWR.+Recommendations+and+reports+%3A+Morbidity+and+mortality+weekly+report.+Recommendations+and+reports&rft.atitle=Responding+to+detection+of+aerosolized+Bacillus+anthracis+by+autonomous+detection+systems+in+the+workplace.&rft.au=Meehan%2C+Patrick+J%3BRosenstein%2C+Nancy+E%3BGillen%2C+Matthew%3BMeyer%2C+Richard+F%3BKiefer%2C+Max+J%3BDeitchman%2C+Scott%3BBesser%2C+Richard+E%3BEhrenberg%2C+Richard+L%3BEdwards%2C+Kathleen+M%3BMartinez%2C+Kenneth+F&rft.aulast=Meehan&rft.aufirst=Patrick&rft.date=2004-06-04&rft.volume=53&rft.issue=&rft.spage=1&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=MMWR.+Recommendations+and+reports+%3A+Morbidity+and+mortality+weekly+report.+Recommendations+and+reports&rft.issn=1545-8601&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 2004-06-09 N1 - Date created - 2004-06-04 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Enhanced enforcement of laws to prevent alcohol sales to underage persons--New Hampshire, 1999-2004. AN - 71992950; 15175569 AB - In 1984, the National Minimum Drinking Age Act (Public Law 98-363) was passed, requiring states to raise to 21 years the minimum age to purchase and publicly possess alcohol. Although the law has contributed to substantial reductions in underage drinking and alcohol-related motor-vehicle crashes, alcohol use and binge drinking rates among youths remain high in the United States, and efforts by youths to purchase alcohol from licensed establishments frequently are successful. To reduce alcohol sales to persons aged <21 years in Concord (2000 population: 40,687), New Hampshire, the Concord Police Department (CPD) and New Hampshire Liquor Commission (NHLC) conducted a pilot program of enhanced law enforcement with quarterly compliance checks of alcohol licenses during March 2002-February 2004. This report summarizes the results of that program, which indicated that enhanced enforcement 1) resulted in a 64% reduction in retail alcohol sales to underage youths and 2) was temporally associated with declines in alcohol use and binge drinking among Concord high school students. These findings emphasize the potential effectiveness of enhanced enforcement of minimum drinking age laws to reduce consumption of alcohol by underage youths. JF - MMWR. Morbidity and mortality weekly report AU - Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) AD - Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) Y1 - 2004/06/04/ PY - 2004 DA - 2004 Jun 04 SP - 452 EP - 454 VL - 53 IS - 21 KW - Index Medicus KW - New Hampshire -- epidemiology KW - Alcoholic Intoxication -- epidemiology KW - Humans KW - Alcoholic Intoxication -- prevention & control KW - Adolescent KW - Commerce -- legislation & jurisprudence KW - Law Enforcement KW - Alcohol Drinking -- prevention & control KW - Alcohol Drinking -- epidemiology KW - Alcoholic Beverages -- supply & distribution KW - Alcohol Drinking -- legislation & jurisprudence UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/71992950?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=MMWR.+Morbidity+and+mortality+weekly+report&rft.atitle=Enhanced+enforcement+of+laws+to+prevent+alcohol+sales+to+underage+persons--New+Hampshire%2C+1999-2004.&rft.au=Centers+for+Disease+Control+and+Prevention+%28CDC%29&rft.aulast=Centers+for+Disease+Control+and+Prevention+%28CDC%29&rft.aufirst=&rft.date=2004-06-04&rft.volume=53&rft.issue=21&rft.spage=452&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=MMWR.+Morbidity+and+mortality+weekly+report&rft.issn=1545-861X&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 2004-06-07 N1 - Date created - 2004-06-03 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Work-related asthma-like symptoms among florists. AN - 72008321; 15189959 AB - In this study, we evaluated the prevalence of work-related asthma-like symptoms and possible risk factors among florists in Turkey. We collected questionnaire data from 128 florists, and investigated occupational history and respiratory, ocular, dermal, and nasal symptoms. We evaluated pulmonary function tests with spirometry and atopy by using the skin-prick test. Possible risk factors were analyzed by age-adjusted, smoking-adjusted, and gender-adjusted logistic regression models comparing symptomatic and asymptomatic individuals. The prevalence of work-related asthma-like symptoms was 14.1% (18 patients). We observed excess risk with a high work intensity (odds ratio [OR], 7.3; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.1 to 51.8) and long work duration (OR, 5.1; 95% CI, 1.2 to 21.6). Florists with work-related asthma-like symptoms were 5.9 times more likely (95% CI, 1.4 to 24.3) to have a positive skin test response to a flower mix allergen. We also observed an excess risk for work-related asthma-like symptoms among those with allergic rhinitis (OR, 13.2; 95% CI, 3.1 to 56.4) and conjunctivitis (OR, 8.4; 95% CI, 2.4 to 29.2). The most prominent risk factors in florists were work intensity, work duration, and specific atopy. JF - Chest AU - Akpinar-Elci, Muge AU - Elci, Omur Cinar AU - Odabasi, Aygul AD - Division of Respiratory Diseases Studies, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention/National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, Morgantown, WV, USA. mra8@cdc.gov Y1 - 2004/06// PY - 2004 DA - June 2004 SP - 2336 EP - 2339 VL - 125 IS - 6 SN - 0012-3692, 0012-3692 KW - Allergens KW - 0 KW - Abridged Index Medicus KW - Index Medicus KW - Severity of Illness Index KW - Odds Ratio KW - Humans KW - Patch Tests KW - Child KW - Risk Assessment KW - Age Distribution KW - Adult KW - Health Surveys KW - Surveys and Questionnaires KW - Confidence Intervals KW - Turkey -- epidemiology KW - Middle Aged KW - Allergens -- adverse effects KW - Adolescent KW - Sex Distribution KW - Female KW - Male KW - Prevalence KW - Asthma -- epidemiology KW - Asthma -- etiology KW - Flowers -- adverse effects KW - Occupational Diseases -- etiology KW - Occupational Exposure -- adverse effects KW - Occupational Diseases -- epidemiology KW - Flowers -- immunology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/72008321?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Chest&rft.atitle=Work-related+asthma-like+symptoms+among+florists.&rft.au=Akpinar-Elci%2C+Muge%3BElci%2C+Omur+Cinar%3BOdabasi%2C+Aygul&rft.aulast=Akpinar-Elci&rft.aufirst=Muge&rft.date=2004-06-01&rft.volume=125&rft.issue=6&rft.spage=2336&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Chest&rft.issn=00123692&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 2004-07-13 N1 - Date created - 2004-06-10 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Progression of lung inflammation and damage in rats after cessation of silica inhalation. AN - 71945392; 15056817 AB - Human epidemiologic studies have found that silicosis may develop or progress even after occupational exposure has ended, suggesting that there is a threshold lung burden above which silica-induced pulmonary disease progresses without further exposure. We previously described the time course of rat pulmonary responses to silica inhalation as biphasic, the initial phase characterized by increased but controlled pulmonary inflammation and damage. However, after a threshold lung burden was exceeded, rapid progression of silica-induced pulmonary disease occurred. To test the hypothesis that there is a threshold lung burden above which silica-induced pulmonary disease progresses without further exposure we initiated a study to investigate the relationship between silica exposure, the initiation and progression of silica-induced pulmonary disease, and recovery. Rats were exposed to silica (15 mg/m(3), 6 h/day) for either 20, 40, or 60 days. A portion of the rats from each exposure were maintained without further exposure for 36 days to examine recovery. The major findings of this study are: (1) silica-exposed rats were not in pulmonary overload, and lung silica burden decreased with recovery; (2) pulmonary inflammation, damage and lipidosis increased with recovery for rats exposed to silica for 40 and 60 days, but not 20 days; (3) histopathology revealed changes in silica-induced alveolitis, epithelial hypertrophy and hyperplasia, and alveolar lipoproteinosis consistent with bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) endpoints; and (4) pulmonary fibrosis developed even when exposure was stopped prior to its initial development. JF - Toxicological sciences : an official journal of the Society of Toxicology AU - Porter, Dale W AU - Hubbs, Ann F AU - Mercer, Robert AU - Robinson, Victor A AU - Ramsey, Dawn AU - McLaurin, Jeff AU - Khan, Amir AU - Battelli, Lori AU - Brumbaugh, Kurt AU - Teass, Alexander AU - Castranova, Vincent AD - National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, Health Effects Laboratory Division, Morgantown, West Virginia 26505, USA. DPorter@cdc.gov Y1 - 2004/06// PY - 2004 DA - June 2004 SP - 370 EP - 380 VL - 79 IS - 2 SN - 1096-6080, 1096-6080 KW - Phospholipids KW - 0 KW - Serum Albumin KW - Silicon Dioxide KW - 7631-86-9 KW - L-Lactate Dehydrogenase KW - EC 1.1.1.27 KW - Index Medicus KW - Rats KW - Pulmonary Alveoli -- pathology KW - Animals KW - Rats, Inbred F344 KW - Serum Albumin -- analysis KW - Bronchoalveolar Lavage Fluid -- chemistry KW - Fibrosis KW - L-Lactate Dehydrogenase -- analysis KW - Phospholipids -- analysis KW - Pulmonary Alveoli -- immunology KW - Pulmonary Alveoli -- drug effects KW - Disease Progression KW - Bronchoalveolar Lavage Fluid -- cytology KW - Male KW - Pneumonia -- immunology KW - Pneumonia -- chemically induced KW - Silicon Dioxide -- analysis KW - Inhalation Exposure KW - Lymph Nodes -- pathology KW - Lymph Nodes -- chemistry KW - Silicon Dioxide -- toxicity KW - Lymph Nodes -- drug effects KW - Pneumonia -- pathology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/71945392?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Toxicological+sciences+%3A+an+official+journal+of+the+Society+of+Toxicology&rft.atitle=Progression+of+lung+inflammation+and+damage+in+rats+after+cessation+of+silica+inhalation.&rft.au=Porter%2C+Dale+W%3BHubbs%2C+Ann+F%3BMercer%2C+Robert%3BRobinson%2C+Victor+A%3BRamsey%2C+Dawn%3BMcLaurin%2C+Jeff%3BKhan%2C+Amir%3BBattelli%2C+Lori%3BBrumbaugh%2C+Kurt%3BTeass%2C+Alexander%3BCastranova%2C+Vincent&rft.aulast=Porter&rft.aufirst=Dale&rft.date=2004-06-01&rft.volume=79&rft.issue=2&rft.spage=370&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Toxicological+sciences+%3A+an+official+journal+of+the+Society+of+Toxicology&rft.issn=10966080&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 2005-05-05 N1 - Date created - 2004-05-20 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Tuberculosis and HIV/AIDS: epidemiological and clinical aspects (world perspective). AN - 67310798; 16088474 AB - Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection is the most powerful known risk factor for progression from latent infection with Mycobacterium tuberculosis to active tuberculosis (TB) disease. The worldwide HIV epidemic has affected TB in every aspect: immunopathology, epidemiology, diagnosis, treatment, and prevention. Of the 42 million people infected with HIV worldwide, more than a quarter of them are also infected with TB, and most live in countries with limited resources for health care in Africa and Asia. This chapter emphasizes HIV-associated TB in resource-limited settings. TB-infected persons with HIV-associated immunosuppression progress to TB disease at a rate of up to 10% per year. Standard TB diagnostic tools have diminished sensitivity in HIV co-infected cases. Standard TB treatment regimens may be less effective, particularly those that do not use a rifamycin throughout. Treatment is further complicated by toxicity, malabsorption, drug-drug interactions and immune reconstitution paradoxical reactions. TB control in the United States was destabilized in part by the HIV epidemic in the early 1990s; massive political will and resources were required to rebuild the public health infrastructure. Africa, Asia, and potentially the former Soviet Union are facing even greater destabilization of TB control due to the dual burden of disease and limited resources. An international response has been initiated but will require even greater political will and resources. JF - Seminars in respiratory and critical care medicine AU - Bock, Naomi AU - Reichman, Lee B AD - Global AIDS Program, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia, USA. nbock@cdc.gov Y1 - 2004/06// PY - 2004 DA - June 2004 SP - 337 EP - 344 VL - 25 IS - 3 SN - 1069-3424, 1069-3424 UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/67310798?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Seminars+in+respiratory+and+critical+care+medicine&rft.atitle=Tuberculosis+and+HIV%2FAIDS%3A+epidemiological+and+clinical+aspects+%28world+perspective%29.&rft.au=Bock%2C+Naomi%3BReichman%2C+Lee+B&rft.aulast=Bock&rft.aufirst=Naomi&rft.date=2004-06-01&rft.volume=25&rft.issue=3&rft.spage=337&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Seminars+in+respiratory+and+critical+care+medicine&rft.issn=10693424&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 2005-10-05 N1 - Date created - 2005-08-09 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Budapest Student Health Behavior Survey--Budapest, Hungary, 1999. Findings on unintentional and intentional injuries, alcohol use, and sexual activity. AN - 66685127; 15242028 AB - In Hungary, a large proportion of adult morbidity and mortality can be attributed to health risk behaviors that begin in early adolescence. To date, studies examining health risk behaviors among youth have rarely been undertaken in Hungary. In order to expand current research in this area, the Hungarian Metropolitan Institute of State Public Health and Public Health Officer Service and the Office on Smoking and Health at the U.S. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention developed and implemented the Budapest Student Health Behavior Survey. The objective of this study was to examine health behavior risk factors among secondary school students in Budapest in 1999. The 1999 Budapest Student Health Behavior Survey is cross-sectional school-based survey A 2-stage cluster sampling design was used to produce a representative sample of secondary students in grades 9-12 in Budapest. Information was collected on unintentional and intentional injuries, alcohol use, and sexual activity. During the 30 days preceding the survey, 28.7% of students had rarely or never worn a seatbelt and 68.1% drunk alcohol. During the 12 months preceding the survey, 14.5% had been threatened or injured with a weapon, 12.9% experienced dating violence, and 13.5% seriously considered suicide. Of the 44.7% of students who had had sexual intercourse, 29.5% had > or = 4 sex partners. Of sexually active students, 50.4% had not used a condom at last sexual intercourse. Many secondary school students in Budapest practice behaviors that place them at risk for serious health problems both in the short and long-term. Programs and policies that adequately address such behaviors among secondary school students are needed to reduce subsequent morbidity and mortality. JF - Central European journal of public health AU - Easton, A AU - Kiss, E AU - Mowery, P AD - Office on Smoking and Health, National Center for Chronic Disease Prevention and Health Promotion, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia 30341, USA. ace7@cdc.gov Y1 - 2004/06// PY - 2004 DA - June 2004 SP - 94 EP - 101 VL - 12 IS - 2 SN - 1210-7778, 1210-7778 KW - Index Medicus KW - Cross-Sectional Studies KW - Risk-Taking KW - Humans KW - Hungary -- epidemiology KW - Suicide KW - Students KW - Adolescent KW - Violence KW - Male KW - Female KW - Substance-Related Disorders -- epidemiology KW - Sexual Behavior KW - Wounds and Injuries -- epidemiology KW - Adolescent Behavior KW - Health Behavior KW - Alcohol Drinking -- epidemiology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/66685127?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Central+European+journal+of+public+health&rft.atitle=Budapest+Student+Health+Behavior+Survey--Budapest%2C+Hungary%2C+1999.+Findings+on+unintentional+and+intentional+injuries%2C+alcohol+use%2C+and+sexual+activity.&rft.au=Easton%2C+A%3BKiss%2C+E%3BMowery%2C+P&rft.aulast=Easton&rft.aufirst=A&rft.date=2004-06-01&rft.volume=12&rft.issue=2&rft.spage=94&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Central+European+journal+of+public+health&rft.issn=12107778&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 2004-10-15 N1 - Date created - 2004-07-09 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Surveillance systems monitoring HIV/AIDS and HIV risk behaviors among American Indians and Alaska Natives. AN - 66681028; 15237052 AB - Few published reports describe patterns of occurrence of HIV/AIDS among American Indian/Alaska Native (AI/AN) people nationally. Data from national surveillance systems were examined to describe the spread of HIV/AIDS and the prevalence of HIV-related risk behaviors among AI/AN people. These data indicate that HIV/AIDS is a growing problem among AI/AN people and that AI/AN youth and women are particularly vulnerable to the continued spread of HIV infection. JF - AIDS education and prevention : official publication of the International Society for AIDS Education AU - Bertolli, Jeanne AU - McNaghten, A D AU - Campsmith, Michael AU - Lee, Lisa M AU - Leman, Richard AU - Bryan, Ralph T AU - Buehler, James W AD - Office of the Director, National Center for HIV, STD, and TB Prevention, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA 30329, USA. jbertolli@cdc.gov Y1 - 2004/06// PY - 2004 DA - June 2004 SP - 218 EP - 237 VL - 16 IS - 3 SN - 0899-9546, 0899-9546 KW - Index Medicus KW - AIDS/HIV KW - HIV Seroprevalence KW - Disease Notification KW - Humans KW - Sexually Transmitted Diseases KW - Adult KW - Child KW - Alaska KW - Adolescent KW - United States -- epidemiology KW - Male KW - Female KW - Substance-Related Disorders -- epidemiology KW - Risk-Taking KW - HIV Infections -- transmission KW - Indians, North American -- psychology KW - Indians, North American -- statistics & numerical data KW - HIV Infections -- psychology KW - HIV Infections -- epidemiology KW - Population Surveillance UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/66681028?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=AIDS+education+and+prevention+%3A+official+publication+of+the+International+Society+for+AIDS+Education&rft.atitle=Surveillance+systems+monitoring+HIV%2FAIDS+and+HIV+risk+behaviors+among+American+Indians+and+Alaska+Natives.&rft.au=Bertolli%2C+Jeanne%3BMcNaghten%2C+A+D%3BCampsmith%2C+Michael%3BLee%2C+Lisa+M%3BLeman%2C+Richard%3BBryan%2C+Ralph+T%3BBuehler%2C+James+W&rft.aulast=Bertolli&rft.aufirst=Jeanne&rft.date=2004-06-01&rft.volume=16&rft.issue=3&rft.spage=218&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=AIDS+education+and+prevention+%3A+official+publication+of+the+International+Society+for+AIDS+Education&rft.issn=08999546&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 2004-10-06 N1 - Date created - 2004-07-06 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Relationship Violence and Women's Reactions to Male- and Female-Controlled HIV Prevention Methods AN - 61306157; 200405258 AB - This study examined the association of relationship violence & preference for three HIV prevention methods among 104 African American & Hispanic women who were at some risk for heterosexual transmission of HIV & other sexually transmitted diseases (STDs). Women completed a brief questionnaire on sexual behaviors & history of relationship violence. All women then watched a video describing three HIV/STD prevention methods (male condoms, female condoms, & vaginal spermicide) that included a discussion of method effectiveness, how to use each method, & their benefits & limitations. Participants then completed a questionnaire assessing their reactions to each of the three HIV prevention methods discussed in the video. Women in violent relationships indicated less likelihood of using male condoms & greater likelihood of using female-controlled methods, particularly vaginal spermicide, than women in nonviolent relationships. In addition, a higher percentage of women in violent compared to nonviolent relationships expected their partners to prefer the vaginal spermicide & a lower percentage expected partners to prefer male condoms. These data suggest that the current focus on finding alternative HIV prevention methods for women in violent relationships is warranted & that a vaginal microbicidal product may be the preferred alternative for this group of women & their male partners. 3 Tables, 29 References. Adapted from the source document. JF - AIDS and Behavior AU - Saul, Janet AU - Moore, Janet AU - Murphy, Sheila T AU - Miller, Lynn C AD - Division Violence Prevention, National Center Injury Prevention & Control, Centers Disease Control & Prevention, Atlanta, GA jsaul@cdc.gov Y1 - 2004/06// PY - 2004 DA - June 2004 SP - 207 EP - 214 VL - 8 IS - 2 SN - 1090-7165, 1090-7165 KW - Condoms KW - Sexual Behavior KW - Prevention KW - Black Americans KW - Hispanic Americans KW - Birth Control KW - Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndrome KW - Venereal Diseases KW - Battered Women KW - article KW - 6126: acquired immune deficiency syndrome (AIDS) UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/61306157?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Asocialservices&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=AIDS+and+Behavior&rft.atitle=Relationship+Violence+and+Women%27s+Reactions+to+Male-+and+Female-Controlled+HIV+Prevention+Methods&rft.au=Saul%2C+Janet%3BMoore%2C+Janet%3BMurphy%2C+Sheila+T%3BMiller%2C+Lynn+C&rft.aulast=Saul&rft.aufirst=Janet&rft.date=2004-06-01&rft.volume=8&rft.issue=2&rft.spage=207&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=AIDS+and+Behavior&rft.issn=10907165&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - Social Services Abstracts N1 - Date revised - 2007-10-30 N1 - Number of references - 29 N1 - Last updated - 2016-09-28 N1 - CODEN - AIBEFC N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Venereal Diseases; Black Americans; Hispanic Americans; Prevention; Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndrome; Battered Women; Sexual Behavior; Condoms; Birth Control ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Trends in Fruit and Vegetable Consumption Among Adults in the United States: Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System, 1994-2000 AN - 20712170; 6036266 AB - Objectives. We examined trends in fruit and vegetable consumption in the United States. Methods. A 6-item food frequency questionnaire was used to assess consumption among 434 121 adults in 49 states and the District of Columbia who were sampled in random-digit-dialed telephone surveys administered in 1994, 1996, 1998, and 2000. Results. Although the geometric mean frequency of fruit and vegetable consumption declined slightly, the proportion of respondents consuming fruits and vegetables 5 or more times per day did not change. With the exception of the group aged 18 to 24 years, which experienced a 3-percentage-point increase, little change was seen among sociodemographic subgroups. Conclusions. Frequency of fruit and vegetable consumption changed little from 1994 to 2000. If increases are to be achieved, additional efforts and new strategies will be needed. JF - American Journal of Public Health AU - Serdula, M K AU - Gillespie, C AU - Kettel-Khan, L AU - Farris, R AU - Seymour, J AU - Denny, C AD - Chronic Disease Prevention Branch, Division of Nutrition and Physical Activity, 4770 Buford Hwy NE, Mail Stop K-26, Atlanta, GA 30341, USA, mks1@cdc.gov Y1 - 2004/06/01/ PY - 2004 DA - 2004 Jun 01 SP - 1014 EP - 1018 VL - 94 IS - 6 SN - 0090-0036, 0090-0036 KW - Risk Abstracts KW - USA KW - fruits KW - R2 23060:Medical and environmental health UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/20712170?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Ariskabstracts&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=American+Journal+of+Public+Health&rft.atitle=Trends+in+Fruit+and+Vegetable+Consumption+Among+Adults+in+the+United+States%3A+Behavioral+Risk+Factor+Surveillance+System%2C+1994-2000&rft.au=Serdula%2C+M+K%3BGillespie%2C+C%3BKettel-Khan%2C+L%3BFarris%2C+R%3BSeymour%2C+J%3BDenny%2C+C&rft.aulast=Serdula&rft.aufirst=M&rft.date=2004-06-01&rft.volume=94&rft.issue=6&rft.spage=1014&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=American+Journal+of+Public+Health&rft.issn=00900036&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2009-10-01 N1 - Last updated - 2015-03-30 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - fruits; USA ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Correlates and predictors of violent behavior among adolescent drinkers AN - 20706785; 8114924 AB - Purpose To examine a wide range of demographic characteristics and psychosocial factors to determine the cross-sectional correlates of violence and longitudinal predictors of violent initiation among adolescent drinkers. Methods We conducted secondary analyses of the 1995 (Time 1) and 1996 (Time 2) in-home surveys of the National Longitudinal Study of Adolescent Health (Add Health). This study included a nationally representative school-based sample (N=18,924) of adolescents in grades 7-12. The analyses were restricted to adolescent drinkers (n = 8885). Two logistic regression models were constructed using a backward elimination procedure to identify statistically significant cross-sectional correlates of violence and prospective predictors of violence initiation. Results Half (49%) of all adolescent drinkers reported violent behavior at Time 1 and 15% of those who were not violent at Time 1 reported initiating violent behavior at Time 2. A total of 14 significant cross-sectional correlates of violence were identified that included measures of alcohol use, drug use and selling, exposure to drugs, delinquency, and poor school functioning. Four variables (high-volume drinking, illicit drug use, low grade point average, and having been suspended and/or expelled from school) were significant longitudinal predictors of the initiation of violent behavior. Conclusions The factors significantly associated with violence pertain mostly to alcohol use, drug use and selling, exposure to drugs, delinquency, and poor school functioning. However, most of these problems and behaviors tend to occur in closer temporal proximity to violent behavior (i.e., within a year) and do not seem to developmentally precede initiation in violent behavior. JF - Journal of Adolescent Health AU - Swahn, Monica H AU - Donovan, John E AD - Division of Violence Prevention, National Center for Injury Prevention and Control, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia, USA, mswahn@cdc.gov Y1 - 2004/06// PY - 2004 DA - Jun 2004 SP - 480 EP - 492 PB - Elsevier Science, The Boulevard Langford Lane Kidlington Oxford OX5 1GB UK, [mailto:usinfo-f@elsevier.com], [URL:http://www.elsevier.nl] VL - 34 IS - 6 SN - 1054-139X, 1054-139X KW - Risk Abstracts KW - demography KW - Alcohol KW - Drug abuse KW - Violence KW - Behavior KW - schools KW - secondary analysis KW - delinquency KW - longitudinal studies KW - Adolescents KW - R2 23110:Psychological aspects UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/20706785?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Ariskabstracts&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Adolescent+Health&rft.atitle=Correlates+and+predictors+of+violent+behavior+among+adolescent+drinkers&rft.au=Swahn%2C+Monica+H%3BDonovan%2C+John+E&rft.aulast=Swahn&rft.aufirst=Monica&rft.date=2004-06-01&rft.volume=34&rft.issue=6&rft.spage=480&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+Adolescent+Health&rft.issn=1054139X&rft_id=info:doi/10.1016%2Fj.jadohealth.2003.08.018 LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2008-07-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Adolescents; Violence; schools; Drug abuse; Alcohol; delinquency; longitudinal studies; secondary analysis; demography; Behavior DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jadohealth.2003.08.018 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Are Parental Vaccine Safety Concerns Associated With Receipt of Measles-Mumps-Rubella, Diphtheria and Tetanus Toxoids With Acellular Pertussis, or Hepatitis B Vaccines by Children? AN - 18023329; 6057188 AB - Objectives To identify parental perceptions regarding vaccine safety and assess their relationship with the immunization status of children. Design, Setting, and Participants Case-control study based on a survey of a sample of households participating in the 2000-2001 National Immunization Survey, a quarterly random-digit-dialing sample of US children aged 19 to 35 months. Three groups of case children not up-to-date for 3 vaccines were compared with control children who were up-to-date for each respective vaccine. Main Outcome Measure Measles-containing or measles-mumps-rubella, diphtheria and tetanus toxoids and pertussis or diphtheria and tetanus toxoids with acellular pertussis, and B vaccination coverage. Results Among those sampled from the 2000-2001 National Immunization Survey, the response rate was 2315 (52.1%) of 4440. Among the case-control group receiving a measles-containing or measles-mumps-rubella vaccination, only a small percentage knew about the alleged association between autism and measles-mumps-rubella vaccinations were more likely to believe it than control parents (4.4% vs 1.5%, respectively; chi super(2) Conclusions Despite belief in the importance of immunization by a vast majority of parents, parents had concerns regarding vaccine safety. Strategies to address important vaccine safety as well as additional research assessing vaccine safety are needed to ensure confidence. JF - Archives of Pediatrics & Adolescent Medicine AU - Bardenheier, B AU - Yusuf, H AU - Schwartz, B AU - Gust, D AU - Barker, L AU - Rodewald, L AD - Divisions of Immunization Services, National Immunization Program, CDC, Atlanta, GA, USA Y1 - 2004/06// PY - 2004 DA - Jun 2004 SP - 569 EP - 575 VL - 158 IS - 6 SN - 1072-4710, 1072-4710 KW - measles-mumps-rubella KW - autism KW - diphtheria KW - tetanus KW - Health & Safety Science Abstracts KW - vaccines KW - hepatitis B KW - Children KW - immunization KW - Perception KW - Side effects KW - Adolescents KW - H 4000:Food and Drugs UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/18023329?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Ahealthsafetyabstracts&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Archives+of+Pediatrics+%26+Adolescent+Medicine&rft.atitle=Are+Parental+Vaccine+Safety+Concerns+Associated+With+Receipt+of+Measles-Mumps-Rubella%2C+Diphtheria+and+Tetanus+Toxoids+With+Acellular+Pertussis%2C+or+Hepatitis+B+Vaccines+by+Children%3F&rft.au=Bardenheier%2C+B%3BYusuf%2C+H%3BSchwartz%2C+B%3BGust%2C+D%3BBarker%2C+L%3BRodewald%2C+L&rft.aulast=Bardenheier&rft.aufirst=B&rft.date=2004-06-01&rft.volume=158&rft.issue=6&rft.spage=569&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Archives+of+Pediatrics+%26+Adolescent+Medicine&rft.issn=10724710&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - vaccines; Children; Perception; immunization; hepatitis B; Adolescents; Side effects ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Detection of Phthalate Metabolites in Human Amniotic Fluid AN - 18015978; 5982340 JF - Bulletin of Environmental Contamination and Toxicology AU - Silva, MJ AU - Reidy, JA AU - Herbert, A R AU - Preau, J L AU - Needham, L L AU - Calafat, A M AD - Division of Laboratory Sciences, National Center for Environmental Health (NCEH), Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), 4770 Buford Highway NE, Mailstop F-17, Atlanta, GA 30341, United States Y1 - 2004/06// PY - 2004 DA - Jun 2004 SP - 1226 EP - 1231 PB - Springer-Verlag, Life Science Journals, 175 Fifth Ave. New York NY 10010 USA, [mailto:orders@springer-ny.com], [URL:http://www.springer-ny.com/] VL - 72 IS - 6 SN - 0007-4861, 0007-4861 KW - man KW - Toxicology Abstracts KW - Amniotic fluid KW - phthalates KW - Metabolites KW - X 24153:Metabolism UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/18015978?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxicologyabstracts&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Bulletin+of+Environmental+Contamination+and+Toxicology&rft.atitle=Detection+of+Phthalate+Metabolites+in+Human+Amniotic+Fluid&rft.au=Silva%2C+MJ%3BReidy%2C+JA%3BHerbert%2C+A+R%3BPreau%2C+J+L%3BNeedham%2C+L+L%3BCalafat%2C+A+M&rft.aulast=Silva&rft.aufirst=MJ&rft.date=2004-06-01&rft.volume=72&rft.issue=6&rft.spage=1226&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Bulletin+of+Environmental+Contamination+and+Toxicology&rft.issn=00074861&rft_id=info:doi/10.1007%2Fs00128-004-0374-4 LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2010-05-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-14 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Amniotic fluid; phthalates; Metabolites DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00128-004-0374-4 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Sequence-Based Identification of Aerobic Actinomycetes AN - 17981032; 5929515 AB - We investigated the utility of 500-bp 16S rRNA gene sequencing for identifying clinically significant species of aerobic actinomycetes. A total of 28 reference strains and 71 clinical isolates that included members of the genera Streptomyces, Gordonia, and Tsukamurella and 10 taxa of Nocardia were studied. Methods of nonsequencing analyses included growth and biochemical analysis, PCR-restriction enzyme analysis of the 439-bp Telenti fragment of the 65 hsp gene, susceptibility testing, and, for selected isolates, high-performance liquid chromatography. Many of the isolates were included in prior taxonomic studies. Sequencing of Nocardia species revealed that members of the group were generally most closely related to the American Type Culture Collection (ATCC) type strains. However, the sequences of Nocardia transvalensis, N. otitidiscaviarum, and N. nova isolates were highly variable; and it is likely that each of these species contains multiple species. We propose that these three species be designated complexes until they are more taxonomically defined. The sequences of several taxa did not match any recognized species. Among other aerobic actinomycetes, each group most closely resembled the associated reference strain, but with some divergence. The study demonstrates the ability of partial 16S rRNA gene sequencing to identify members of the aerobic actinomycetes, but the study also shows that a high degree of sequence divergence exists within many species and that many taxa within the Nocardia spp. are unnamed at present. A major unresolved issue is the type strain of N. asteroides, as the present one (ATCC 19247), chosen before the availability of molecular analysis, does not represent any of the common taxa associated with clinical nocardiosis. JF - Journal of Clinical Microbiology AU - Patel, J B AU - Wallace, RJ Jr AU - Brown-Elliott, BA AU - Taylor, T AU - Imperatrice, C AU - Leonard, DGB AU - Wilson, R W AU - Mann, L AU - Jost, K C AU - Nachamkin, I AD - Epidemiology and Laboratory Branch, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, 1600 Clifton Rd., Mailstop G08, Atlanta, GA 30333, vzp4@cdc.gov Y1 - 2004/06// PY - 2004 DA - Jun 2004 SP - 2530 EP - 2540 PB - American Society for Microbiology, 1752 N Street N.W. Washington, DC 20036 USA, [URL:http://www.asm.org/] VL - 42 IS - 6 SN - 0095-1137, 0095-1137 KW - nucleotide sequence KW - Microbiology Abstracts B: Bacteriology KW - Clinical isolates KW - High-performance liquid chromatography KW - Biochemical characteristics KW - Streptomyces KW - Polymerase chain reaction KW - Taxonomy KW - Hsp protein KW - Nocardia KW - rRNA 16S KW - J 02704:Enumeration UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/17981032?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologyb&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Clinical+Microbiology&rft.atitle=Sequence-Based+Identification+of+Aerobic+Actinomycetes&rft.au=Patel%2C+J+B%3BWallace%2C+RJ+Jr%3BBrown-Elliott%2C+BA%3BTaylor%2C+T%3BImperatrice%2C+C%3BLeonard%2C+DGB%3BWilson%2C+R+W%3BMann%2C+L%3BJost%2C+K+C%3BNachamkin%2C+I&rft.aulast=Patel&rft.aufirst=J&rft.date=2004-06-01&rft.volume=42&rft.issue=6&rft.spage=2530&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+Clinical+Microbiology&rft.issn=00951137&rft_id=info:doi/10.1128%2FJCM.42.6.2530-2540.2004 LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Last updated - 2015-03-24 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - High-performance liquid chromatography; Clinical isolates; Biochemical characteristics; Polymerase chain reaction; Taxonomy; Hsp protein; rRNA 16S; Streptomyces; Nocardia DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/JCM.42.6.2530-2540.2004 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Molecular Epidemiologic Evaluation of Endocarditis Due to Oerskovia turbata and CDC Group A-3 Associated with Contaminated Homograft Valves AN - 17979777; 5929505 AB - Oerskovia turbata is an unusual bacterial cause of endocarditis and septicemia in immunocompromised patients. In this study, we compared 12 isolates from a 1975 medical center cluster, 11 originally identified as O. turbata (four from the blood of a homograft aortic valve-associated endocarditis patient and seven from contaminated homograft valves) and one CDC group A-3 strain from the blood of a second endocarditis patient with fatal outcome, with eight control strains from unrelated locations. The control strains included type and reference strains of O. turbata, Cellulomonas hominis, and CDC group A- 3. The four blood isolates from the first patient and six of the valve isolates shared identical biochemical, antimicrobial susceptibility, and BglI ribotype patterns that differed from the second patient's isolate and control strains. The blood isolate from the second patient and the remaining valve isolate shared a phenotypic and genotypic profile and were phenotypically identical to, but epidemiologically different from, the CDC group A-3 reference strain with the strain-specific enzyme. Also, these isolates differed from the type strain and the other reference strains of C. hominis and O. turbata. Our results indicate that the four blood isolates from the first patient and six of the homograft valve isolates represent a single clone of O. turbata associated with endocarditis. Additionally, our results indicate that the blood isolate from the second patient and one of the homograft valve isolates differ from O. turbata and C. hominis and represent a unique clone of CDC group A-3 associated with fatal endocarditis. JF - Journal of Clinical Microbiology AU - McNeil, M M AU - Brown, J M AU - Carvalho, ME AU - Hollis, D G AU - Morey, R E AU - Reller, L B AD - Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Mailstop G-34, Atlanta, GA 30333, jmb6@cdc.gov Y1 - 2004/06// PY - 2004 DA - Jun 2004 SP - 2495 EP - 2500 PB - American Society for Microbiology, 1752 N Street N.W. Washington, DC 20036 USA, [URL:http://www.asm.org/] VL - 42 IS - 6 SN - 0095-1137, 0095-1137 KW - case reports KW - Microbiology Abstracts B: Bacteriology KW - Clinical isolates KW - Blood KW - Biochemical characteristics KW - Drug sensitivity testing KW - Genotypes KW - Phenotypes KW - Valves KW - Oerskovia turbata KW - Endocarditis KW - J 02855:Human Bacteriology: Others UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/17979777?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologyb&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Clinical+Microbiology&rft.atitle=Molecular+Epidemiologic+Evaluation+of+Endocarditis+Due+to+Oerskovia+turbata+and+CDC+Group+A-3+Associated+with+Contaminated+Homograft+Valves&rft.au=McNeil%2C+M+M%3BBrown%2C+J+M%3BCarvalho%2C+ME%3BHollis%2C+D+G%3BMorey%2C+R+E%3BReller%2C+L+B&rft.aulast=McNeil&rft.aufirst=M&rft.date=2004-06-01&rft.volume=42&rft.issue=6&rft.spage=2495&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+Clinical+Microbiology&rft.issn=00951137&rft_id=info:doi/10.1128%2FJCM.42.6.2495-2500.2004 LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Oerskovia turbata; Endocarditis; Clinical isolates; Biochemical characteristics; Drug sensitivity testing; Blood; Valves; Genotypes; Phenotypes DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/JCM.42.6.2495-2500.2004 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Comparison of HIV Infection Risk Behaviors Among Injection Drug Users From East and West Coast US Cities AN - 17978015; 5925748 AB - This study assessed whether behavioral differences explained higher human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) seroprevalence among injection drug users (IDUs) in three East Coast versus two West Coast cities in the United States. Sociodemographic, sexual, and injecting information were collected during semiannual face-to-face interviews. Baseline data from New York City; Baltimore, Maryland; and New Haven, Connecticut, were compared with data from Los Angeles, California, and San Jose, California. Among 1,528 East Coast and 1,149 West Coast participants, HIV sero-prevalence was 21.5% and 2.3%, respectively (odds ratio [OR] 11.9; 95% confidence interval [CI] 7.9-17.8). HIV risk behaviors were common among IDUs on both coasts, and several were more common among West Coast participants. Adjusting for potential risk factors, East (vs. West) Coast of residence remained highly associated with HIV status (adjusted OR 12.14; 95% CI 7.36-20.00). Differences in HIV sero-prevalence between East and West Coast cities did not reflect self-reported injection or sexual risk behavior differences. This suggests that other factors must be considered, such as the probability of having HIV-infected injection or sexual partners. Prevention efforts are needed on the West Coast to decrease HIV-associated risk behaviors among IDUs, and further efforts are also needed to reduce HIV incidence on the East Coast. JF - Journal of Urban Health AU - Garfein, R S AU - Monterroso, E R AU - Tong, T C AU - Vlahov, D AU - Des Jarlais, DC AU - Selwyn, P AU - Kerndt, PR AU - Word, C AU - Fernando, MD AU - Ouellet, L J AU - Holmberg, S D AD - Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, 1600 Clifton Road, Mailstop E-45; Atlanta, GA 30333, USA, rgarfein@cdc.gov Y1 - 2004/06/01/ PY - 2004 DA - 2004 Jun 01 SP - 260 EP - 267 PB - Oxford University Press, Oxford Journals VL - 81 IS - 2 SN - 1471-8505, 1471-8505 KW - HIV KW - Risk Abstracts KW - risk reduction KW - sexual behavior KW - drug abuse KW - Human immunodeficiency virus KW - USA, West KW - USA, East KW - Urban areas KW - R2 23060:Medical and environmental health UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/17978015?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Ariskabstracts&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Urban+Health&rft.atitle=Comparison+of+HIV+Infection+Risk+Behaviors+Among+Injection+Drug+Users+From+East+and+West+Coast+US+Cities&rft.au=Garfein%2C+R+S%3BMonterroso%2C+E+R%3BTong%2C+T+C%3BVlahov%2C+D%3BDes+Jarlais%2C+DC%3BSelwyn%2C+P%3BKerndt%2C+PR%3BWord%2C+C%3BFernando%2C+MD%3BOuellet%2C+L+J%3BHolmberg%2C+S+D&rft.aulast=Garfein&rft.aufirst=R&rft.date=2004-06-01&rft.volume=81&rft.issue=2&rft.spage=260&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+Urban+Health&rft.issn=14718505&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Human immunodeficiency virus; USA, East; USA, West; Urban areas; drug abuse; sexual behavior; risk reduction ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Historical Estimation of Exposure to 1,3-Butadiene, Styrene, and Dimethyldithiocarbamate Among Synthetic Rubber Workers AN - 17977929; 5934579 AB - Quantitative estimates of exposure to 1,3-butadiene (BD), styrene (STY), and dimethyldithiocarbamate (DMDTC) were developed for a follow-up study of workers at six North American synthetic rubber plants. Procedures entailed identifying tasks and jobs involving exposure, identifying factors influencing historical changes in exposure potential, and using mathematical models to calculate job- and time-period-specific exposures. Exposure metrics included 8-hour time-weighted average (TWA) intensity, the annual number of peak exposures (BD: >100 ppm, STY: >50 ppm) and TWA intensity below and above the peak threshold. The 5th and 95th percentiles of the approximate probability distribution of each exposure estimate served as its 90% uncertainty interval. Job- and year-specific estimates were linked with subjects' work histories to obtain cumulative exposure indices. Exposure estimates varied among tasks, jobs, plants, and time periods. BD TWAs were approximately 10 ppm during the 1940s-1960s and declined during the 1970s and 1980s. STY TWAs were always 50 ppm. Exposure indices were correlated. Exposures were higher than previously estimated. Multiple correlations among DMDTC, BD, and STY exposure estimates make it difficult to estimate agent-specific effects. Limitations of the methodology include the potential inaccuracy of the estimates, the lack of adequate industrial hygiene data to validate the estimates, the additional inaccuracy of linkage with poorly specified job groups, and the potential for differential exposure misclassification because the jobs and work areas where excess leukemia mortality occurred were well-known at the time of this study. Nevertheless, the new exposure estimates were highly correlated with the old, yielding equivalent exposure ranking of workers and were comparable to limited industrial hygiene data published by NIOSH. JF - Journal of Occupational and Environmental Hygiene AU - Macaluso, M AU - Larson, R AU - Lynch, J AU - Lipton, S AU - Delzell, E AD - Division of Reproductive Health, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, 4770 Buford Highway, Mail Stop K-34, Atlanta, GA 30342-3724, USA, mmacaluso@cdc.gov Y1 - 2004/06// PY - 2004 DA - Jun 2004 SP - 371 EP - 390 VL - 1 IS - 6 SN - 1545-9624, 1545-9624 KW - 1,3-butadiene KW - dimethyldithiocarbamate KW - Health & Safety Science Abstracts KW - Styrene KW - Mortality KW - Historical account KW - Leukemia KW - Occupational exposure KW - Rubber products KW - H 1000:Occupational Safety and Health UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/17977929?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Ahealthsafetyabstracts&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Occupational+and+Environmental+Hygiene&rft.atitle=Historical+Estimation+of+Exposure+to+1%2C3-Butadiene%2C+Styrene%2C+and+Dimethyldithiocarbamate+Among+Synthetic+Rubber+Workers&rft.au=Macaluso%2C+M%3BLarson%2C+R%3BLynch%2C+J%3BLipton%2C+S%3BDelzell%2C+E&rft.aulast=Macaluso&rft.aufirst=M&rft.date=2004-06-01&rft.volume=1&rft.issue=6&rft.spage=371&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+Occupational+and+Environmental+Hygiene&rft.issn=15459624&rft_id=info:doi/10.1080%2F15459620490452004 LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Rubber products; Historical account; Mortality; Occupational exposure; Leukemia; Styrene DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/15459620490452004 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Pulmonary delivery of respiratory syncytial virus DNA vaccines using macroaggregated albumin particles AN - 17970759; 5913545 AB - At present there is no safe and effective vaccine for respiratory syncytial virus (RSV). DNA vaccines encoding RSV surface glycoproteins are one option being examined. Current methods to deliver DNA vaccines generally require repeated high dose intramuscular or intradermal administration for effectiveness. In this study, we examine the efficacy of pulmonary DNA vaccination using low dose DNA vaccines encoding the RSV F glycoprotein conjugated to macroaggregated albumin (MAA-F). Single vaccination of BALB/c mice with 1 mu g MAA-F was ineffective, however mice boosted with an additional 1 mu g MAA-F, or vaccinated a single time with 10 mu g MAA-F, developed substantially improved immunity associated with reduced viral titers, increased anti-F antibody responses, and enhanced Th1 and Th2 intracellular cytokine responses. This study shows that MAA may be a useful carrier for RSV DNA vaccines. JF - Vaccine AU - Harcourt, J L AU - Anderson, L J AU - Sullender, W AU - Tripp, R A AD - Respiratory and Enteric Viruses Branch, Division of Viral and Rickettsial Diseases, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, National Center for Infectious Diseases, 1600 Clifton Road NE, Mailstop G-09, Atlanta, GA 30333, USA, rgt3@cdc.gov Y1 - 2004/06// PY - 2004 DA - Jun 2004 SP - 2248 EP - 2260 PB - Butterworth-Heinemann, 313 Washington St. Newton MA 02158 USA VL - 22 IS - 17-18 SN - 0264-410X, 0264-410X KW - mice KW - Biotechnology and Bioengineering Abstracts; Virology & AIDS Abstracts; Medical and Pharmaceutical Biotechnology Abstracts; Immunology Abstracts KW - Helper cells KW - Adjuvants KW - Vaccination KW - Respiratory syncytial virus KW - DNA vaccines KW - Albumin KW - Lymphocytes T KW - Glycoproteins KW - Vaccines KW - F 06807:Active immunization KW - V 22097:Immunization: Vaccines & vaccination: Human KW - W3 33345:DNA vaccines KW - W 30965:Miscellaneous, Reviews UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/17970759?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Abiotechresearch&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Vaccine&rft.atitle=Pulmonary+delivery+of+respiratory+syncytial+virus+DNA+vaccines+using+macroaggregated+albumin+particles&rft.au=Harcourt%2C+J+L%3BAnderson%2C+L+J%3BSullender%2C+W%3BTripp%2C+R+A&rft.aulast=Harcourt&rft.aufirst=J&rft.date=2004-06-01&rft.volume=22&rft.issue=17-18&rft.spage=2248&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Vaccine&rft.issn=0264410X&rft_id=info:doi/10.1016%2Fj.vaccine.2003.11.050 LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Respiratory syncytial virus; DNA vaccines; Vaccines; Albumin; Adjuvants; Lymphocytes T; Helper cells; Vaccination; Glycoproteins DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.vaccine.2003.11.050 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Cadmium inhibits the electron transfer chain and induces Reactive Oxygen Species AN - 17943037; 5903359 AB - Recent research indicates that cadmium (Cd) induces oxidative damage in cells; however, the mechanism of the oxidative stress induced by this metal is unclear. We investigated the effects of Cd on the individual complexes of the electron transfer chain (ETC) and on the stimulation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) production in mitochondria. The activity of complexes II (succinate:ubiquinone oxidoreductase) and III (ubiquinol:cytochrome c oxidoreductase) of mitochondrial ETC from liver, brain, and heart showed greater inhibition by Cd than the other complexes. Cd stimulated ROS production in the mitochondria of all three tissues mentioned above. The effect of various electron donors (NADH, succinate, and 2, 3-dimethoxy-5-methyl-6-decyl-1, 4- benzoquinol) on ROS production was tested separately in the presence and in the absence of Cd. ESR showed that complex III might be the only site of ROS production induced by Cd. The results of kinetic studies and electron turnover experiments suggest that Cd may bind between semiubiquinone and cytochrome b sub(566) of the Q sub(0) site of cytochrome b of complex III, resulting in accumulation of semiubiquinones at the Q sub(0) site. The semiubiquinones, being unstable, are prone to transfer one electron to molecular oxygen to form superoxide, providing a possible mechanism for Cd-induced generation of ROS in mitochondria. JF - Free Radical Biology and Medicine AU - Wang, Y AU - Fang, J AU - Leonard, S S AU - Rao, KMK AD - Health Effects Laboratory Division, National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, Morgantown, WV 26505, USA, ybw4@cdc.gov Y1 - 2004/06// PY - 2004 DA - Jun 2004 SP - 1434 EP - 1443 PB - Elsevier Science Ltd., The Boulevard Langford Lane Kidlington Oxford OX5 1GB UK, [mailto:nlinfo-f@elsevier.nl], [URL:http://www.elsevier.nl] VL - 36 IS - 11 SN - 0891-5849, 0891-5849 KW - Toxicology Abstracts KW - oxygen radicals KW - Heavy metals KW - Free radicals KW - Cadmium KW - Electron transport chain KW - X 24165:Biochemistry UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/17943037?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxicologyabstracts&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Free+Radical+Biology+and+Medicine&rft.atitle=Cadmium+inhibits+the+electron+transfer+chain+and+induces+Reactive+Oxygen+Species&rft.au=Wang%2C+Y%3BFang%2C+J%3BLeonard%2C+S+S%3BRao%2C+KMK&rft.aulast=Wang&rft.aufirst=Y&rft.date=2004-06-01&rft.volume=36&rft.issue=11&rft.spage=1434&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Free+Radical+Biology+and+Medicine&rft.issn=08915849&rft_id=info:doi/10.1016%2Fj.freeradbiomed.2004.03.010 LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Cadmium; Heavy metals; oxygen radicals; Free radicals; Electron transport chain DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2004.03.010 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Methods for Enhanced Culture Recovery of Francisella tularensis AN - 17579437; 6406826 AB - Francisella tularensis is found in a wide variety of hosts and extrahost environments, making culture recovery a diagnostic challenge. Here we demonstrate improved recovery times and good sensitivity (90%) when cultures were inoculated on the site of an investigation using fresh tissues. For contaminated specimens, antibiotic supplementation of enriched cysteine heart agar blood culture medium improved recovery of F. tularensis by 81.1%. For transport of tissues, immediate freezing yielded culture recovery rates as high as 94%. JF - Applied and Environmental Microbiology AU - Petersen, J M AU - Schriefer, ME AU - Gage, K L AU - Montenieri, JA AU - Carter, L G AU - Stanley, M AU - Chu, M C AD - Diagnostic and Reference Section, Bacterial Zoonoses Branch, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, P.O. Box 2087, Rampart Rd., Foothills Campus, Fort Collins, CO 80522, USA, nzp0@cdc.gov Y1 - 2004/06// PY - 2004 DA - Jun 2004 SP - 3733 EP - 3735 VL - 70 IS - 6 SN - 0099-2240, 0099-2240 KW - Microbiology Abstracts B: Bacteriology; Microbiology Abstracts A: Industrial & Applied Microbiology KW - Blood culture KW - Heart KW - Agar KW - Cysteine KW - Freezing KW - Francisella tularensis KW - Antibiotics KW - Supplementation KW - A 01116:Bacteria KW - J 02704:Enumeration UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/17579437?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologyb&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Applied+and+Environmental+Microbiology&rft.atitle=Methods+for+Enhanced+Culture+Recovery+of+Francisella+tularensis&rft.au=Petersen%2C+J+M%3BSchriefer%2C+ME%3BGage%2C+K+L%3BMontenieri%2C+JA%3BCarter%2C+L+G%3BStanley%2C+M%3BChu%2C+M+C&rft.aulast=Petersen&rft.aufirst=J&rft.date=2004-06-01&rft.volume=70&rft.issue=6&rft.spage=3733&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Applied+and+Environmental+Microbiology&rft.issn=00992240&rft_id=info:doi/10.1128%2FAEM.70.6.3733-3735.2004 LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2010-05-01 N1 - Last updated - 2015-03-24 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Heart; Blood culture; Agar; Cysteine; Freezing; Antibiotics; Supplementation; Francisella tularensis DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/AEM.70.6.3733-3735.2004 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Isokinetic Leg Muscle Strength in Older Americans and Its Relationship to a Standardized Walk Test: Data from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey 1999-2000 AN - 17573360; 5946344 AB - To describe isokinetic knee extensor muscle strength in older U.S. men and women by age and race/ethnicity and to ascertain its relationship to a standard, timed walking-speed test. The U.S. National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) 1999-2000. A cross-sectional nationally representative health examination survey. All surveyed persons aged 50 and older (N=1,499) who performed muscle strength and timed walk examinations in the NHANES mobile examination center. Concentric peak torque (strength) of the knee extensors at 1.05 rads/ s super(-1) velocity and a 6-m walk timed in seconds. Knee extensor strength was inversely associated with age (P<.01), and women had less knee extensor muscle strength than men (P<.01). After adjustment for standing height, no significant difference in muscle strength was found across the three race/ethnicity groups (Mexican Americans, non-Hispanic blacks, and non-Hispanic whites) for men or women. After adjustment for age, race/ethnicity, weight, and height, increasing knee extensor strength was associated with significant increases in meters walked per second (P<.01). Knee extensor muscle strength is affected by age and sex but not by race /ethnicity and it is significantly associated with timed walk. JF - Journal of the American Geriatrics Society AU - Ostchega, Y AU - Dillon, C F AU - Lindle, R AU - Carroll, M AU - Hurley, B F AD - From the Division of Health and Nutrition Examination Surveys, National Center for Health Statistics, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Hyattsville, Maryland; and Department of Kinesiology, University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland., yxo1@cdc.gov Y1 - 2004/06// PY - 2004 DA - Jun 2004 SP - 977 EP - 982 PB - Blackwell Science Ltd VL - 52 IS - 6 SN - 0002-8614, 0002-8614 KW - Physical Education Index KW - Age KW - Blacks KW - Gerontology KW - Muscles KW - Knees KW - Velocity KW - Height KW - Surveys KW - Walking KW - Legs KW - Health KW - Isokinetics KW - Sex differences KW - Nutrition KW - Force KW - Evaluation KW - Speed KW - Strength KW - Weight KW - Standing KW - Ethnic groups KW - PE 100:Kinesiology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/17573360?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aphysicaleducation&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+the+American+Geriatrics+Society&rft.atitle=Isokinetic+Leg+Muscle+Strength+in+Older+Americans+and+Its+Relationship+to+a+Standardized+Walk+Test%3A+Data+from+the+National+Health+and+Nutrition+Examination+Survey+1999-2000&rft.au=Ostchega%2C+Y%3BDillon%2C+C+F%3BLindle%2C+R%3BCarroll%2C+M%3BHurley%2C+B+F&rft.aulast=Ostchega&rft.aufirst=Y&rft.date=2004-06-01&rft.volume=52&rft.issue=6&rft.spage=977&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+the+American+Geriatrics+Society&rft.issn=00028614&rft_id=info:doi/10.1111%2Fj.1532-5415.2004.52268.x LA - English DB - Physical Education Index N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Strength; Age; Ethnic groups; Walking; Speed; Knees; Muscles; Evaluation; Health; Sex differences; Surveys; Gerontology; Nutrition; Height; Isokinetics; Blacks; Force; Weight; Legs; Velocity; Standing DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1532-5415.2004.52268.x ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Distribution of Giardia duodenalis Genotypes and Subgenotypes in Raw Urban Wastewater in Milwaukee, Wisconsin AN - 16192037; 6406828 AB - Giardia cysts in 131 raw wastewater samples from Milwaukee, Wis., were genotyped by sequence analysis of the triosephosphate isomerase gene which showed the presence of two distinct genotypes (assemblages A and B) of Giardia duodenalis. Of the 131 samples, 111 belonged to assemblage A, and the remaining samples belonged to assemblage B. A high degree of genetic polymorphism was evident within the assemblage B cluster, with 10 distinct subgenotypes identified, eight of which have not been reported before. JF - Applied and Environmental Microbiology AU - Sulaiman, I M AU - Jiang, J AU - Singh, A AU - Xiao, L AD - Division of Parasitic Diseases, National Center for Infectious Diseases, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Building 22, Mail Stop F-12, 4770 Buford Highway, Atlanta, GA 30341-3717, USA, lxiao@cdc.gov Y1 - 2004/06// PY - 2004 DA - Jun 2004 SP - 3776 EP - 3780 VL - 70 IS - 6 SN - 0099-2240, 0099-2240 KW - Microbiology Abstracts C: Algology, Mycology & Protozoology; Water Resources Abstracts KW - USA, Wisconsin, Milwaukee KW - Giardia KW - Municipal Wastewater KW - Gene polymorphism KW - Giardia duodenalis KW - USA, Wisconsin KW - Wastewater Analysis KW - Waste water KW - Cysts KW - Raw Wastewater KW - K 03012:Protozoa KW - SW 3040:Wastewater treatment processes KW - K 03081:Protozoa UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16192037?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Awaterresources&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Applied+and+Environmental+Microbiology&rft.atitle=Distribution+of+Giardia+duodenalis+Genotypes+and+Subgenotypes+in+Raw+Urban+Wastewater+in+Milwaukee%2C+Wisconsin&rft.au=Sulaiman%2C+I+M%3BJiang%2C+J%3BSingh%2C+A%3BXiao%2C+L&rft.aulast=Sulaiman&rft.aufirst=I&rft.date=2004-06-01&rft.volume=70&rft.issue=6&rft.spage=3776&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Applied+and+Environmental+Microbiology&rft.issn=00992240&rft_id=info:doi/10.1128%2FAEM.70.6.3776-3780.2004 LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2005-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2015-03-24 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Gene polymorphism; Cysts; Waste water; Giardia; Municipal Wastewater; Wastewater Analysis; Raw Wastewater; Giardia duodenalis; USA, Wisconsin, Milwaukee; USA, Wisconsin DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/AEM.70.6.3776-3780.2004 ER - TY - CPAPER T1 - Use of a geographic information system (GIS) and satellite remote sensing for small-area mortality analysis AN - 39809483; 3855567 AU - Holt, J Y1 - 2004/05/20/ PY - 2004 DA - 2004 May 20 KW - CPI, Conference Papers Index KW - U 5500:Geoscience UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/39809483?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Acpi&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=conference&rft.jtitle=&rft.atitle=Use+of+a+geographic+information+system+%28GIS%29+and+satellite+remote+sensing+for+small-area+mortality+analysis&rft.au=Holt%2C+J&rft.aulast=Holt&rft.aufirst=J&rft.date=2004-05-20&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - SuppNotes - Availability: American Association of Geographers, 1710 Sixteenth Street NW, Washington, DC 20009-3198, USA; phone: 202-234-1450; fax: 202-234-2744; URL: www.aag.org N1 - Last updated - 2010-05-03 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Divergent immunological responses following glutaraldehyde exposure. AN - 71908475; 15126069 AB - Although Glutaraldehyde (Glut) has been demonstrated to be a moderate contact sensitizer, numerous cases of occupational asthma related to Glut exposure have been reported. The purpose of these studies was to examine the dose-response relationship between Glut exposure and the development of T cell-mediated vs. IgE- mediated responses. Initial evaluation of the sensitization potential was conducted using the local lymph node assay (LLNA) at concentrations ranging from 0.75% to 2.5%. A concentration-dependent increase in lymphocyte proliferation was observed with EC3 values of 0.072% and 0.089% in CBA and BALB/c mice, respectively. The mouse ear swelling test (MEST) was used to evaluate the potential for Glut to elicit IgE (1/2 h post challenge) and contact hypersensitivity (24 and 48 h post challenge) responses. An immediate response was observed in animals induced and challenged with 2.5% Glut, whereas animals induced with 0.1% or 0.75% and challenged with 2.5% exhibited a delayed response 48 h post challenge. IgE-inducing potential was evaluated by phenotypic analysis of draining lymph node cells and measurement of total serum IgE levels. Only the 2.5% exposed group demonstrated a significant increase (P < 0.01) in the percentage of IgE(+)B220(+) cells and serum IgE. Following 3 days of dermal exposure, a significant increase in IL-4 mRNA in the draining lymph nodes was observed only in the 2.5% exposed group. These results indicate that the development of an immediate vs. a delayed hypersensitivity response following dermal exposure to Glut is at least in part mediated by the exposure concentration. JF - Toxicology and applied pharmacology AU - Azadi, Shahla AU - Klink, Kimberly J AU - Meade, B Jean AD - National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, Morgantown, WV 26505, USA. sazadi@cdc.gov Y1 - 2004/05/15/ PY - 2004 DA - 2004 May 15 SP - 1 EP - 8 VL - 197 IS - 1 SN - 0041-008X, 0041-008X KW - Cytokines KW - 0 KW - RNA, Messenger KW - Interleukin-4 KW - 207137-56-2 KW - Immunoglobulin E KW - 37341-29-0 KW - Interferon-gamma KW - 82115-62-6 KW - Glutaral KW - T3C89M417N KW - Index Medicus KW - Animals KW - Dose-Response Relationship, Drug KW - Cytokines -- biosynthesis KW - Cell Division -- drug effects KW - Edema -- pathology KW - Interferon-gamma -- biosynthesis KW - Interleukin-4 -- biosynthesis KW - Mice KW - Mice, Inbred BALB C KW - RNA, Messenger -- biosynthesis KW - Phenotype KW - Mice, Inbred CBA KW - Ear, External -- pathology KW - Local Lymph Node Assay KW - Lymph Nodes -- drug effects KW - Female KW - Lymph Nodes -- immunology KW - Immunoglobulin E -- immunology KW - Dermatitis, Contact -- immunology KW - T-Lymphocytes -- drug effects KW - Glutaral -- toxicity KW - T-Lymphocytes -- immunology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/71908475?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Toxicology+and+applied+pharmacology&rft.atitle=Divergent+immunological+responses+following+glutaraldehyde+exposure.&rft.au=Azadi%2C+Shahla%3BKlink%2C+Kimberly+J%3BMeade%2C+B+Jean&rft.aulast=Azadi&rft.aufirst=Shahla&rft.date=2004-05-15&rft.volume=197&rft.issue=1&rft.spage=1&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Toxicology+and+applied+pharmacology&rft.issn=0041008X&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 2004-06-04 N1 - Date created - 2004-05-05 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Monitoring prenatal alcohol exposure. AN - 71846109; 15095466 AB - Alcohol use during pregnancy is a leading, preventable cause of birth defects and developmental disabilities in the United States, with fetal alcohol syndrome (FAS) being one of the most severe outcomes. Current survey statistics find that approximately one in eight pregnant women (500,000 per year) report alcohol use, with approximately 80,000 reporting binge drinking. While annual rates have fluctuated, trends analysis finds that there has been no significant change in rates of prenatal alcohol exposure over the past 10-year period. Development of effective programs to prevent FAS and to monitor the success of prevention efforts requires epidemiological data systems to inform these activities. This article describes alcohol use patterns among childbearing-age women and data sources that can be used in monitoring this behavior. Published 2004 Wiley-Liss, Inc. JF - American journal of medical genetics. Part C, Seminars in medical genetics AU - Floyd, R Louise AU - Sidhu, Jasjeet S AD - National Center on Birth Defects and Developmental Disabilities, Fetal Alcohol Syndrome Prevention Team, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Executive Park Drive, Building 12, Mailstop E86, Atlanta, GA 30329, USA. rif3@cdc.gov Y1 - 2004/05/15/ PY - 2004 DA - 2004 May 15 SP - 3 EP - 9 VL - 127C IS - 1 SN - 1552-4868, 1552-4868 KW - Index Medicus KW - Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (U.S.) KW - Humans KW - Health Surveys KW - United States -- epidemiology KW - Female KW - Pregnancy KW - Fetal Alcohol Spectrum Disorders -- prevention & control KW - Alcoholic Intoxication -- epidemiology KW - Fetal Alcohol Spectrum Disorders -- genetics KW - Alcohol Drinking -- adverse effects KW - Alcohol Drinking -- genetics KW - Alcohol Drinking -- epidemiology KW - National Health Programs UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/71846109?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=American+journal+of+medical+genetics.+Part+C%2C+Seminars+in+medical+genetics&rft.atitle=Monitoring+prenatal+alcohol+exposure.&rft.au=Floyd%2C+R+Louise%3BSidhu%2C+Jasjeet+S&rft.aulast=Floyd&rft.aufirst=R&rft.date=2004-05-15&rft.volume=127C&rft.issue=1&rft.spage=3&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=American+journal+of+medical+genetics.+Part+C%2C+Seminars+in+medical+genetics&rft.issn=15524868&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 2004-11-24 N1 - Date created - 2004-04-19 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Air pollution attributable postneonatal infant mortality in U.S. metropolitan areas: a risk assessment study. AN - 67102471; 15128459 AB - The impact of outdoor air pollution on infant mortality has not been quantified. Based on exposure-response functions from a U.S. cohort study, we assessed the attributable risk of postneonatal infant mortality in 23 U.S. metropolitan areas related to particulate matter <10 microm in diameter (PM10) as a surrogate of total air pollution. The estimated proportion of all cause mortality, sudden infant death syndrome (normal birth weight infants only) and respiratory disease mortality (normal birth weight) attributable to PM10 above a chosen reference value of 12.0 microg/m3 PM10 was 6% (95% confidence interval 3-11%), 16% (95% confidence interval 9-23%) and 24% (95% confidence interval 7-44%), respectively. The expected number of infant deaths per year in the selected areas was 106 (95% confidence interval 53-185), 79 (95% confidence interval 46-111) and 15 (95% confidence interval 5-27), respectively. Approximately 75% of cases were from areas where the current levels are at or below the new U.S. PM2.5 standard of 15 microg/m3 (equivalent to 25 microg/m3 PM10). In a country where infant mortality rates and air pollution levels are relatively low, ambient air pollution as measured by particulate matter contributes to a substantial fraction of infant death, especially for those due to sudden infant death syndrome and respiratory disease. Even if all counties would comply to the new PM2.5 standard, the majority of the estimated burden would remain. Given the inherent limitations of risk assessments, further studies are needed to support and quantify the relationship between infant mortality and air pollution. JF - Environmental health : a global access science source AU - Kaiser, Reinhard AU - Romieu, Isabelle AU - Medina, Sylvia AU - Schwartz, Joel AU - Krzyzanowski, Michal AU - Künzli, Nino AD - Institute for Social and Preventive Medicine, University of Basel, Steinengraben 49, 4051 Basel, Switzerland. RKaiser@cdc.gov Y1 - 2004/05/05/ PY - 2004 DA - 2004 May 05 SP - 4 VL - 3 IS - 1 KW - Air Pollutants KW - 0 KW - Index Medicus KW - Birth Weight KW - Sudden Infant Death -- epidemiology KW - Humans KW - Cohort Studies KW - Infant, Newborn KW - Confidence Intervals KW - Respiratory Tract Diseases -- mortality KW - United States -- epidemiology KW - Cause of Death KW - Air Pollution -- statistics & numerical data KW - Air Pollution -- analysis KW - Air Pollution -- adverse effects KW - Urban Health -- statistics & numerical data KW - Environmental Exposure -- analysis KW - Infant Mortality KW - Air Pollutants -- analysis KW - Environmental Exposure -- adverse effects KW - Air Pollutants -- toxicity KW - Risk Assessment UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/67102471?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Environmental+health+%3A+a+global+access+science+source&rft.atitle=Air+pollution+attributable+postneonatal+infant+mortality+in+U.S.+metropolitan+areas%3A+a+risk+assessment+study.&rft.au=Kaiser%2C+Reinhard%3BRomieu%2C+Isabelle%3BMedina%2C+Sylvia%3BSchwartz%2C+Joel%3BKrzyzanowski%2C+Michal%3BK%C3%BCnzli%2C+Nino&rft.aulast=Kaiser&rft.aufirst=Reinhard&rft.date=2004-05-05&rft.volume=3&rft.issue=1&rft.spage=4&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Environmental+health+%3A+a+global+access+science+source&rft.issn=1476-069X&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 2005-08-29 N1 - Date created - 2004-11-25 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - SuppNotes - Cited By: Environ Health Perspect. 2003 Jun;111(7):942-6 [12782496] J Epidemiol Community Health. 2003 Mar;57(3):200-6 [12594196] Bull Pan Am Health Organ. 1991;25(1):47-54 [2054552] Lancet. 1992 Oct 24;340(8826):1010-4 [1357409] N Engl J Med. 1993 Dec 9;329(24):1753-9 [8179653] Annu Rev Public Health. 1994;15:107-32 [8054077] Am J Respir Crit Care Med. 1995 Mar;151(3 Pt 1):669-74 [7881654] Occup Environ Med. 1997 Mar;54(3):145-51 [9155775] Environ Health Perspect. 1997 May;105(5):514-20 [9222137] Environ Health Perspect. 1997 Jun;105(6):608-12 [9288495] Eur J Clin Nutr. 1998 Jan;52 Suppl 1:S34-41; discussion S41-2 [9511018] Environ Health Perspect. 1999 Jan;107(1):17-25 [9872713] Epidemiology. 1999 Mar;10(2):118-23 [10069245] Environ Health Perspect. 1999 Jun;107(6):475-80 [10339448] Chronobiol Int. 1999 May;16(3):249-68 [10373096] Am J Respir Crit Care Med. 1999 Jul;160(1):227-36 [10390405] Epidemiology. 1999 Nov;10(6):661-2 [10535775] Epidemiology. 1999 Nov;10(6):666-70 [10535778] J Epidemiol Community Health. 1999 Aug;53(8):495-8 [10562868] Environ Health Perspect. 1999 Nov;107(11):A542-3 [10627171] Environ Health Perspect. 2000 Feb;108(2):173-6 [10656859] Am J Epidemiol. 2000 Mar 1;151(5):440-8 [10707911] Can J Cardiol. 2000 Mar;16(3):345-51 [10744798] Am J Respir Crit Care Med. 2000 Jun;161(6):1930-6 [10852769] Environ Health Perspect. 2000 Jun;108(6):563-8 [10856032] Epidemiology. 2000 Sep;11(5):502-11 [10955401] J Air Waste Manag Assoc. 2000 Aug;50(8):1350-66 [11002598] J Air Waste Manag Assoc. 1999 Sep;49(9 Spec No):100-7 [11002832] Lancet. 2000 Sep 2;356(9232):795-801 [11022926] JAMA. 2001 Feb 21;285(7):897-905 [11180733] Epidemiology. 2001 May;12(3):358-9 [11338317] Am J Epidemiol. 2001 Jun 1;153(11):1050-5 [11390322] Environ Health Perspect. 2001 Jun;109 Suppl 3:347-50 [11427383] Epidemiology. 2001 Nov;12(6):643-8 [11679791] Am J Respir Crit Care Med. 2001 Dec 1;164(11):2067-72 [11739136] Am J Epidemiol. 2002 Jan 1;155(1):17-25 [11772780] JAMA. 2002 Mar 6;287(9):1132-41 [11879110] J Occup Environ Med. 2002 Jul;44(7):640-9 [12134528] Eur Respir J. 2002 Jul;20(1):198-209 [12166570] Lancet. 2002 Oct 19;360(9341):1210-4 [12401247] Lancet. 2002 Oct 19;360(9341):1233-42 [12401268] Lancet. 2002 Nov 2;360(9343):1347-60 [12423980] Occup Environ Med. 2002 Dec;59(12):791-3 [12468743] Environ Health Perspect. 2003 Feb;111(2):201-5 [12573906] Environ Health Perspect. 2003 Feb;111(2):207-16 [12573907] Educ Health (Abingdon). 2003 Jul;16(2):230 [14741909] N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Model Predictions of the Recruitment of Lung Units and the Lung Surface Area-Volume Relationship During Inflation AN - 831172143; 13865912 AB - Experimental evidence suggests that the lung behaves as if it is composed of a large population of units which are recruited and derecruited during lung expansion and contraction. This study combines two previous models in order to estimate the probability distribution function describing lung unit opening pressures and the resulting alveolar surface area-volume relationship of the excised rat lung during inflation. Results indicate that the opening pressures of lung units during inflation can be described by a normal distribution. The end-expiratory pressure (EEP) has a large effect on the number of lung units that open during inflation and the properties of the area-volume relationship of the lung, but the distribution of opening pressures of individual lung units is fairly consistent regardless of EEP. This study also presents evidence that when the normalized lung area-volume relationship is represented by the equation [A sub(L)] sub(N) = [h V sub(L)] sub(N) super(n) during inflation from the closed state, the expansion coefficient n is between 0.86 and 1. This result supports the theory that, for inflation from EEPs below 4 cmH sub(2)O, lung expansion occurs in part by the recruitment of lung units and not solely by the expansion of open units. JF - Annals of Biomedical Engineering AU - Frazer, David G AU - Lindsley, William G AU - Rosenberry, Kimberly AU - McKinney, Walter AU - Goldsmith, William T AU - Reynolds, Jeffrey S AU - Tomblyn, Seth AU - Afshari, Aliakbar AD - Health Effects Laboratory Division, National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, Morgantown, WV, wdl7@cdc.gov Y1 - 2004/05// PY - 2004 DA - May 2004 SP - 756 EP - 763 PB - Springer-Verlag, Tiergartenstrasse 17 Heidelberg 69121 Germany VL - 32 IS - 5 SN - 0090-6964, 0090-6964 KW - Biotechnology and Bioengineering Abstracts KW - Mathematical models KW - Lung KW - Recruitment KW - Animal models KW - Pressure KW - Alveoli KW - Models KW - W 30965:Miscellaneous, Reviews UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/831172143?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Abiotechresearch&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Annals+of+Biomedical+Engineering&rft.atitle=Model+Predictions+of+the+Recruitment+of+Lung+Units+and+the+Lung+Surface+Area-Volume+Relationship+During+Inflation&rft.au=Frazer%2C+David+G%3BLindsley%2C+William+G%3BRosenberry%2C+Kimberly%3BMcKinney%2C+Walter%3BGoldsmith%2C+William+T%3BReynolds%2C+Jeffrey+S%3BTomblyn%2C+Seth%3BAfshari%2C+Aliakbar&rft.aulast=Frazer&rft.aufirst=David&rft.date=2004-05-01&rft.volume=32&rft.issue=5&rft.spage=756&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Annals+of+Biomedical+Engineering&rft.issn=00906964&rft_id=info:doi/10.1023%2FB%3AABME.0000030240.83381.63 LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2012-03-01 N1 - Last updated - 2015-03-19 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Mathematical models; Lung; Recruitment; Animal models; Pressure; Alveoli; Models DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/B:ABME.0000030240.83381.63 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Clinical use of immunoassays in assessing exposure to fungi and potential health effects related to fungal exposure. AN - 72012993; 15191015 AB - To review and summarize current evidence regarding the proper role of immunoassays in clinical assessments of exposure to fungi and health effects related to fungal exposure. We reviewed relevant scientific investigations and previously published reviews concerning this topic. The authors' clinical, laboratory, and public health experiences were used to evaluate relevant data for scientific merit. Testing to determine the presence of IgE to specific fungi may be a useful component of a complete clinical evaluation in the diagnosis of illnesses that can be caused by immediate hypersensitivity such as allergic rhinitis and asthma. Detection of IgG to specific fungi has been used as a marker of exposure to agents that may cause illnesses such as hypersensitivity pneumonitis. However, the ubiquitous nature of many fungi and the lack of specificity of fungal antigens limit the usefulness of these types of tests in the evaluation of potential building-related illness and fungal exposure. Specific serologic tests (such as tests for cryptococcal antigen, coccidioidal antibody, and Histoplasma antigen) have been shown to be useful in the diagnosis of some fungal infections, but these are the exception not the rule. There is currently not enough scientific evidence to support the routine clinical use of immunoassays as a primary means of assessing environmental fungal exposure or health effects related to fungal exposure. Health care providers who care for persons expressing concerns about the relationship of symptoms to potential exposure to fungi are advised to use immunoassay results with care and only as an adjunct to a comprehensive approach to patient care. JF - Annals of allergy, asthma & immunology : official publication of the American College of Allergy, Asthma, & Immunology AU - Trout, Douglas B AU - Seltzer, James M AU - Page, Elena H AU - Biagini, Raymond E AU - Schmechel, Detlef AU - Lewis, Daniel M AU - Boudreau, A Yvonne AD - Division of Surveillance, Hazard Evaluations, and Field Studies, National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Cincinnati, Ohio 45226-1998, USA. dtrout@cdc.gov Y1 - 2004/05// PY - 2004 DA - May 2004 SP - 483 EP - 91; quiz 492-4, 575 VL - 92 IS - 5 SN - 1081-1206, 1081-1206 KW - Antibodies, Fungal KW - 0 KW - Antigens, Fungal KW - Index Medicus KW - Animals KW - Mycoses -- immunology KW - Antigens, Fungal -- immunology KW - Humans KW - Antibodies, Fungal -- immunology KW - Male KW - Immunoassay KW - Child, Preschool KW - Fungi -- immunology KW - Hypersensitivity, Immediate KW - Environmental Exposure KW - Environmental Microbiology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/72012993?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Annals+of+allergy%2C+asthma+%26+immunology+%3A+official+publication+of+the+American+College+of+Allergy%2C+Asthma%2C+%26+Immunology&rft.atitle=Clinical+use+of+immunoassays+in+assessing+exposure+to+fungi+and+potential+health+effects+related+to+fungal+exposure.&rft.au=Trout%2C+Douglas+B%3BSeltzer%2C+James+M%3BPage%2C+Elena+H%3BBiagini%2C+Raymond+E%3BSchmechel%2C+Detlef%3BLewis%2C+Daniel+M%3BBoudreau%2C+A+Yvonne&rft.aulast=Trout&rft.aufirst=Douglas&rft.date=2004-05-01&rft.volume=92&rft.issue=5&rft.spage=483&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Annals+of+allergy%2C+asthma+%26+immunology+%3A+official+publication+of+the+American+College+of+Allergy%2C+Asthma%2C+%26+Immunology&rft.issn=10811206&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 2004-07-08 N1 - Date created - 2004-06-11 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Exposure to di-(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate among premature neonates in a neonatal intensive care unit. AN - 71905083; 15121985 AB - Premature neonates who spend time in a neonatal intensive care unit may be at increased risk of adverse health effects from exposure to di-(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate (DEHP) because of their increased risk of high exposure, their small body size, and their physical condition. DEHP, a reproductive toxicant in animals, is a major component in polyvinyl chloride (PVC) plastics, which are frequently used in medical tubing and blood storage bags. DEHP is not covalently bound to PVC, and it may be easily released from the PVC medical devices. The objective of this study was to determine whether premature infants who undergo medical procedures, such as blood transfusions, intravenous therapy, enteral and parenteral nutrition support, and dialysis, are at increased risk of exposure to DEHP than the general population. Because of their smaller size, children and especially premature and small infants may receive a larger dose of DEHP on a milligram per kilogram basis than adults when the same-size medical device is used for all ages. Premature neonates who seemed to have the potential to be on intravenous infusion for >2 weeks and were expected to survive were eligible for enrollment in the study. We assessed exposure to DEHP in 6 premature newborns by measuring in 41 urine samples the levels of 3 DEHP metabolites: mono-(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate (mEHP), mono-(2-ethyl-5-hydroxyhexyl) phthalate (mEHHP), and mono-(2-ethyl-5-oxohexyl) phthalate (mEOHP). mEHHP and mEOHP were detected in all 41 urine samples, and mEHP was detected in 33. Because only 33 of the samples had detectable amounts for all 3 metabolites, statistical analyses were limited to those 33. The levels of all 3 DEHP metabolites varied widely, and the urinary mean and median concentrations of mEOHP and mEHHP were 1 order of magnitude higher than those for mEHP. Furthermore, the geometric mean urinary concentrations of mEOHP (1617 ng/mL), mEHHP (2003 ng/mL), and mEHP (100 ng/mL) in these 6 premature infants who underwent intensive therapeutic interventions were found to be severalfold higher than in the US general population (for mEHP, geometric mean in those 6 years and older was 3.43 ng/mL). This study provides the first quantitative evidence confirming that newborns who undergo intensive therapeutic medical interventions are exposed to higher concentrations of DEHP than the general population. Although the overall benefits of medical procedures using PVC devices outweigh the risks associated with exposure to DEHP, more research is needed to determine whether infants and children who undergo intensive therapeutic interventions using DEHP-containing devices are at higher risk for altered health outcomes than infants and children who undergo similar treatments but are not potentially exposed to DEHP. JF - Pediatrics AU - Calafat, Antonia M AU - Needham, Larry L AU - Silva, Manori J AU - Lambert, George AD - Division of Laboratory Sciences, National Center for Environmental Health, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia 30341, USA. ACalafat@cdc.gov Y1 - 2004/05// PY - 2004 DA - May 2004 SP - e429 EP - e434 VL - 113 IS - 5 KW - Diethylhexyl Phthalate KW - C42K0PH13C KW - mono-(2-ethylhexyl)phthalate KW - FU2EWB60RT KW - Abridged Index Medicus KW - Index Medicus KW - Environmental Monitoring KW - Humans KW - Infant, Newborn KW - Male KW - Female KW - Diethylhexyl Phthalate -- metabolism KW - Diethylhexyl Phthalate -- urine KW - Infant, Premature -- metabolism KW - Diethylhexyl Phthalate -- analogs & derivatives KW - Intensive Care Units, Neonatal UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/71905083?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Pediatrics&rft.atitle=Exposure+to+di-%282-ethylhexyl%29+phthalate+among+premature+neonates+in+a+neonatal+intensive+care+unit.&rft.au=Calafat%2C+Antonia+M%3BNeedham%2C+Larry+L%3BSilva%2C+Manori+J%3BLambert%2C+George&rft.aulast=Calafat&rft.aufirst=Antonia&rft.date=2004-05-01&rft.volume=113&rft.issue=5&rft.spage=e429&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Pediatrics&rft.issn=1098-4275&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 2004-08-09 N1 - Date created - 2004-05-03 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Retrospective time-trend study of polybrominated diphenyl ether and polybrominated and polychlorinated biphenyl levels in human serum from the United States. AN - 71896885; 15121506 AB - Six polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDEs), one hexabromobiphenyl [polybrominated biphenyl (PBB)], and one hexachlorobiphenyl [polychlorinated biphenyl (PCB)] were measured in 40 human serum pools collected in the southeastern United States during 1985 through 2002 and in Seattle, Washington, for 1999 through 2002. The concentrations of most of the PBDEs, which are commercially used as flame retardants in common household and commercial applications, had significant positive correlations with time of sample collection, showing that the concentrations of these compounds are increasing in serum collected in the United States. In contrast, PCB and PBB levels were negatively correlated with sample collection year, indicating that the levels of these compounds have been decreasing since their phaseout in the 1970s. JF - Environmental health perspectives AU - Sjödin, Andreas AU - Jones, Richard S AU - Focant, Jean-François AU - Lapeza, Chester AU - Wang, Richard Y AU - McGahee, Ernest E AU - Zhang, Yalin AU - Turner, Wayman E AU - Slazyk, Bill AU - Needham, Larry L AU - Patterson, Donald G AD - Organic Analytical Toxicology Branch, Division of Laboratory Sciences, National Center for Environmental Health, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia 30341-3717, USA. asjodin@cdc.gov Y1 - 2004/05// PY - 2004 DA - May 2004 SP - 654 EP - 658 VL - 112 IS - 6 SN - 0091-6765, 0091-6765 KW - Environmental Pollutants KW - 0 KW - Polybrominated Biphenyls KW - Polychlorinated Biphenyls KW - DFC2HB4I0K KW - Index Medicus KW - United States KW - History, 20th Century KW - Humans KW - Retrospective Studies KW - Polybrominated Biphenyls -- blood KW - Environmental Pollutants -- history KW - Polychlorinated Biphenyls -- blood KW - Polybrominated Biphenyls -- history KW - Polychlorinated Biphenyls -- history KW - Environmental Exposure KW - Environmental Pollutants -- blood UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/71896885?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Environmental+health+perspectives&rft.atitle=Retrospective+time-trend+study+of+polybrominated+diphenyl+ether+and+polybrominated+and+polychlorinated+biphenyl+levels+in+human+serum+from+the+United+States.&rft.au=Sj%C3%B6din%2C+Andreas%3BJones%2C+Richard+S%3BFocant%2C+Jean-Fran%C3%A7ois%3BLapeza%2C+Chester%3BWang%2C+Richard+Y%3BMcGahee%2C+Ernest+E%3BZhang%2C+Yalin%3BTurner%2C+Wayman+E%3BSlazyk%2C+Bill%3BNeedham%2C+Larry+L%3BPatterson%2C+Donald+G&rft.aulast=Sj%C3%B6din&rft.aufirst=Andreas&rft.date=2004-05-01&rft.volume=112&rft.issue=6&rft.spage=654&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Environmental+health+perspectives&rft.issn=00916765&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 2004-06-10 N1 - Date created - 2004-05-03 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - SuppNotes - Cited By: J Toxicol Environ Health A. 1999 Nov 26;58(6):329-41 [10580757] Can J Physiol Pharmacol. 1984 Oct;62(10):1253-60 [6439399] Environ Health Perspect. 2000 Nov;108(11):1035-41 [11102293] Environ Sci Technol. 2001 Feb 1;35(3):448-54 [11351713] Environ Sci Technol. 2001 Oct 1;35(19):3830-3 [11642440] Environ Health Perspect. 2001 Sep;109(9):903-8 [11673118] Environ Sci Technol. 2002 Feb 1;36(3):50A-52A [11871568] Toxicol Sci. 2002 May;67(1):98-103 [11961221] Toxicol Sci. 2002 May;67(1):104-7 [11961222] Environ Sci Technol. 2002 Apr 1;36(7):1414-8 [11999045] Chemosphere. 2002 Feb;46(5):697-707 [11999793] Environ Sci Technol. 2002 Nov 15;36(22):4783-9 [12487300] Environ Int. 2003 Sep;29(6):757-70 [12850094] Environ Int. 2003 Sep;29(6):771-9 [12850095] Environ Int. 2003 Sep;29(6):829-39 [12850099] Chemosphere. 2003 Nov;53(6):645-54 [12962714] Environ Health Perspect. 2003 Nov;111(14):1723-9 [14594622] Environ Health Perspect. 1978 Apr;23:43-50 [210001] Drug Metab Dispos. 1986 May-Jun;14(3):361-5 [2872039] Arch Environ Contam Toxicol. 1993 May;24(4):504-12 [8507107] Arch Environ Contam Toxicol. 1997 Apr;32(3):329-36 [9096084] Environ Health Perspect. 1999 Aug;107(8):643-8 [10417362] Environ Health Perspect. 2000 Feb;108(2):147-52 [10656855] Arch Environ Contam Toxicol. 1984 May;13(3):341-5 [6430248] Comment In: Environ Health Perspect. 2004 Dec;112(17):A978-9; author reply A979 [15579399] N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - A liquid chromatography--tandem mass spectrometry multiresidue method for quantification of specific metabolites of organophosphorus pesticides, synthetic pyrethroids, selected herbicides, and deet in human urine. AN - 71882574; 15117183 AB - The ability to estimate low-dose human exposure to commonly used pesticides often is requested in epidemiologic studies. Therefore, fast and robust methods are necessary that can measure many analytes in the same sample. We have developed a method for high-throughput analysis of 19 markers of commonly used pesticides in human urine. The analytes were seven specific metabolites of organophosphorus pesticides, five metabolites of synthetic pyrethroids, six herbicides or their metabolites, and one insect repellant. Human urine (2 mL) was spiked with stable isotopically labeled analogues of the analytes, enzymatically hydrolyzed, extracted using solid-phase extraction, concentrated, and analyzed using high-performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry. The sample was divided into two portions and analyzed on two different mass spectrometers, one using atmospheric pressure chemical ionization (APCI) and the other using turbo ion spray atmospheric pressure ionization (TIS). All analytes except the pyrethroid metabolites were analyzed using APCI. The detection limits for all analytes ranged from 0.1 to 1.5 ng/mL of urine, with the majority (17) below 0.5 ng/mL. The analytical precision for the different analytes, estimated as both the within-day and between-day variation, was 3-14 and 4-19%, respectively. The extraction recoveries of the analytes ranged from 68 to 114%. The throughput, including calibration standards and quality control samples, is approximately 50 samples a day. However, the analysis time with the TIS application is much shorter, and if only pyrethroid metabolite data are of interest, the throughput can be increased to 100-150 samples/day. JF - Analytical chemistry AU - Olsson, Anders O AU - Baker, Samuel E AU - Nguyen, Johnny V AU - Romanoff, Lovisa C AU - Udunka, Simeon O AU - Walker, Robert D AU - Flemmen, Kathryn L AU - Barr, Dana B AD - Division of Laboratory Sciences, National Center for Environmental Health, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, 4770 Buford Highway, N E, MS F-17, Atlanta, Georgia 30360, USA. aolsson@cdc.gov Y1 - 2004/05/01/ PY - 2004 DA - 2004 May 01 SP - 2453 EP - 2461 VL - 76 IS - 9 SN - 0003-2700, 0003-2700 KW - Herbicides KW - 0 KW - Organophosphorus Compounds KW - Pesticide Residues KW - Pyrethrins KW - DEET KW - 134-62-3 KW - Index Medicus KW - Sensitivity and Specificity KW - Reproducibility of Results KW - Humans KW - Pesticide Residues -- urine KW - Time Factors KW - Environmental Monitoring -- methods KW - Herbicides -- urine KW - Organophosphorus Compounds -- urine KW - Herbicides -- metabolism KW - DEET -- urine KW - Chromatography, Liquid -- methods KW - Pyrethrins -- urine KW - Organophosphorus Compounds -- metabolism KW - DEET -- metabolism KW - Pyrethrins -- metabolism KW - Spectrometry, Mass, Electrospray Ionization -- methods UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/71882574?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Analytical+chemistry&rft.atitle=A+liquid+chromatography--tandem+mass+spectrometry+multiresidue+method+for+quantification+of+specific+metabolites+of+organophosphorus+pesticides%2C+synthetic+pyrethroids%2C+selected+herbicides%2C+and+deet+in+human+urine.&rft.au=Olsson%2C+Anders+O%3BBaker%2C+Samuel+E%3BNguyen%2C+Johnny+V%3BRomanoff%2C+Lovisa+C%3BUdunka%2C+Simeon+O%3BWalker%2C+Robert+D%3BFlemmen%2C+Kathryn+L%3BBarr%2C+Dana+B&rft.aulast=Olsson&rft.aufirst=Anders&rft.date=2004-05-01&rft.volume=76&rft.issue=9&rft.spage=2453&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Analytical+chemistry&rft.issn=00032700&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 2005-02-15 N1 - Date created - 2004-04-30 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Daily iron supplementation is more efficacious than twice weekly iron supplementation for the treatment of childhood anemia in western Kenya. AN - 71873457; 15113965 AB - A recent meta-analysis of 14 clinical trials indicated that daily compared with intermittent iron supplementation resulted in significantly greater hematological improvement in pregnant women. No such definitive beneficial effect was demonstrated in preschool children. We compared the efficacy of daily and twice weekly iron supplementation for 6 wk under supervised and unsupervised conditions in the treatment of mild and moderate anemia [hemoglobin (Hb) 50-109 g/L] in children aged 2-59 mo living in a malaria-endemic area of western Kenya. The study was a cluster-randomized trial using a factorial design; participants were aware of the treatment assigned. All children (n = 1049) were administered a single dose of sulfadoxine-pyrimethamine at enrollment followed by 6 wk of daily supervised iron supplementation [3-6 mg/(kg.d)], twice weekly supervised iron supplementation [6-12 mg/(kg.wk)], daily unsupervised iron supplementation, or twice weekly unsupervised iron supplementation. In the supervised groups, Hb concentrations at 6 and 12 wk (6 wk postsupplementation) were significantly higher in children given iron daily rather than twice weekly [mean (95% CI) difference at 6-wk: 4.2 g/L (2.1, 6.4); 12-wk: 4.4 g/L (1.8, 7.0)]. Among the unsupervised groups, Hb concentrations were not different at 6 wk [mean (95% CI) difference: 0.86 g/L (-1.4, 3.1)], but significantly higher at 12 wk for those assigned daily iron [mean (95% CI) difference: 3.4 g/L (0.79, 6.0), P = 0.02]. In this malarious area and after initial antimalarial treatment, 6 wk of daily iron supplementation results in better hematological responses than twice weekly iron supplementation in the treatment of anemia in preschool children, regardless of whether adherence can be ensured. JF - The Journal of nutrition AU - Desai, Meghna R AU - Dhar, Ritesh AU - Rosen, Daniel H AU - Kariuki, Simon K AU - Shi, Ya Ping AU - Kager, Piet A AU - Ter Kuile, Feiko O AD - Division of Parasitic Diseases, National Center for Infectious Diseases, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA, USA. mdesai@cdc.gov Y1 - 2004/05// PY - 2004 DA - May 2004 SP - 1167 EP - 1174 VL - 134 IS - 5 SN - 0022-3166, 0022-3166 KW - Antimalarials KW - 0 KW - Drug Combinations KW - Hemoglobins KW - fanasil, pyrimethamine drug combination KW - 37338-39-9 KW - Sulfadoxine KW - 88463U4SM5 KW - Iron KW - E1UOL152H7 KW - Pyrimethamine KW - Z3614QOX8W KW - Index Medicus KW - Osmolar Concentration KW - Pyrimethamine -- therapeutic use KW - Drug Administration Schedule KW - Humans KW - Endemic Diseases KW - Child, Preschool KW - Infant KW - Malaria -- epidemiology KW - Kenya KW - Hemoglobins -- metabolism KW - Sulfadoxine -- therapeutic use KW - Treatment Outcome KW - Antimalarials -- therapeutic use KW - Female KW - Male KW - Iron -- administration & dosage KW - Anemia -- blood KW - Iron -- adverse effects KW - Anemia -- drug therapy KW - Dietary Supplements UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/71873457?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Journal+of+nutrition&rft.atitle=Daily+iron+supplementation+is+more+efficacious+than+twice+weekly+iron+supplementation+for+the+treatment+of+childhood+anemia+in+western+Kenya.&rft.au=Desai%2C+Meghna+R%3BDhar%2C+Ritesh%3BRosen%2C+Daniel+H%3BKariuki%2C+Simon+K%3BShi%2C+Ya+Ping%3BKager%2C+Piet+A%3BTer+Kuile%2C+Feiko+O&rft.aulast=Desai&rft.aufirst=Meghna&rft.date=2004-05-01&rft.volume=134&rft.issue=5&rft.spage=1167&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=The+Journal+of+nutrition&rft.issn=00223166&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 2004-06-10 N1 - Date created - 2004-04-28 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Trends in alcohol use and binge drinking, 1985-1999: results of a multi-state survey. AN - 71865499; 15110055 AB - Alcohol abuse is a major public health problem in the United States. Binge drinking and drinking among youth are of special concern. The purpose of this study is to examine trends in alcohol use and binge drinking and correlates of the behaviors with a focus on drinking among persons 18 to 20 years of age. Data are from telephone interviews of 449,110 adults aged > or =18 years residing in the 19 states that participated in the Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System (BRFSS) from 1985 to 1999. The percentages reporting current alcohol use and binge use (> or =5 drinks per occasion) were calculated by year, age, gender, race, and level of education. Data were analyzed in 2003. From 1985 to 1999, the prevalence of current alcohol use dropped 7.3%, and binge drinking dropped 3.3%. Among all age groups, most of the decline occurred before 1990. The greatest decline in both current (12.6%) and binge use (7.3%) occurred in the 18- to 20-year-old group. Between 1997 and 1999, however, respondents in this age group reported increases in these behaviors. Throughout the survey period, the proportion of current users who binge changed very little and remained highest among persons aged 18-20 years (52.1%). Alcohol use leveled off in the 1990s, but may be increasing, especially among persons 18-20 years of age. Those who drink are about as likely to report binge drinking as were drinkers 15 years ago. JF - American journal of preventive medicine AU - Serdula, Mary K AU - Brewer, Robert D AU - Gillespie, Cathleen AU - Denny, Clark H AU - Mokdad, Ali AD - Chronic Disease Nutrition Branch, Division of Nutrition and Physical Activity, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia 30333, USA. mserdula@cdc.gov Y1 - 2004/05// PY - 2004 DA - May 2004 SP - 294 EP - 298 VL - 26 IS - 4 SN - 0749-3797, 0749-3797 KW - Ethanol KW - 3K9958V90M KW - Index Medicus KW - Socioeconomic Factors KW - Humans KW - Adult KW - Interviews as Topic KW - Middle Aged KW - Adolescent KW - United States -- epidemiology KW - Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System KW - Male KW - Female KW - Prevalence KW - Alcoholic Intoxication -- epidemiology KW - Ethanol -- poisoning KW - Alcohol Drinking -- epidemiology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/71865499?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=American+journal+of+preventive+medicine&rft.atitle=Trends+in+alcohol+use+and+binge+drinking%2C+1985-1999%3A+results+of+a+multi-state+survey.&rft.au=Serdula%2C+Mary+K%3BBrewer%2C+Robert+D%3BGillespie%2C+Cathleen%3BDenny%2C+Clark+H%3BMokdad%2C+Ali&rft.aulast=Serdula&rft.aufirst=Mary&rft.date=2004-05-01&rft.volume=26&rft.issue=4&rft.spage=294&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=American+journal+of+preventive+medicine&rft.issn=07493797&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 2004-09-02 N1 - Date created - 2004-04-27 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Neurobehavioral evaluation for a community with chronic exposure to hydrogen sulfide gas. AN - 71809057; 15068930 AB - In May 2000, the Agency for Toxic Substances and Disease Registry of the US government conducted a health investigation in response to community concerns regarding ambient and indoor hydrogen sulfide (H(2)S), odor, and health symptoms in Dakota City, Nebraska. The objective was to determine whether adult residents in an area with repeated exposure to H(2)S showed poorer performance on neurobehavioral tests than unexposed residents. Study participants were required to meet age (#10878;16 years of age) and length of residency (2 years) eligibility requirements. A battery of computer-assisted standardized neurobehavioral tests was administered in English or Spanish. A questionnaire was used to collect information about participants, demographic and health status. Three hundred forty-five people agreed to participate. After the exclusion of 10 persons, analyses were conducted on 335 participants; 171 residents in the target area and 164 residents in the comparison area. The two groups were comparable in demographic characteristics and various health conditions. Overall, neurobehavioral test results for the target and comparison groups were similar. Residence in the H(2)S-exposed area was associated with marginally poorer performance on a test of memory, namely, match to sample score, and a test of grip strength. However, these differences were not significant. Deficits in overall neurobehavioral performance were not associated with exposure to H(2)S in this study. JF - Environmental research AU - Inserra, Steven G AU - Phifer, Betty L AU - Anger, W Kent AU - Lewin, Michael AU - Hilsdon, Roberta AU - White, Mary C AD - Health Investigations Branch, Division of Health Studies, Agency for Toxic Substances and Disease Registry, 1600 Clifton Road NE, MS E-31, Atlanta, GA 30333, USA. sinserra@cdc.gov Y1 - 2004/05// PY - 2004 DA - May 2004 SP - 53 EP - 61 VL - 95 IS - 1 SN - 0013-9351, 0013-9351 KW - Hydrogen Sulfide KW - YY9FVM7NSN KW - Index Medicus KW - Age Factors KW - Humans KW - Adult KW - Aged KW - Middle Aged KW - Adolescent KW - Nebraska KW - Male KW - Female KW - Hydrogen Sulfide -- toxicity KW - Psychomotor Performance -- drug effects KW - Cognition -- drug effects KW - Environmental Exposure KW - Vision, Ocular -- drug effects KW - Neuropsychological Tests UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/71809057?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Environmental+research&rft.atitle=Neurobehavioral+evaluation+for+a+community+with+chronic+exposure+to+hydrogen+sulfide+gas.&rft.au=Inserra%2C+Steven+G%3BPhifer%2C+Betty+L%3BAnger%2C+W+Kent%3BLewin%2C+Michael%3BHilsdon%2C+Roberta%3BWhite%2C+Mary+C&rft.aulast=Inserra&rft.aufirst=Steven&rft.date=2004-05-01&rft.volume=95&rft.issue=1&rft.spage=53&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Environmental+research&rft.issn=00139351&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 2004-06-07 N1 - Date created - 2004-04-07 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Measurement of toxaphene congeners in pooled human serum collected in three U.S. cities using high-resolution mass spectrometry. AN - 66702959; 15253054 AB - Because human toxaphene exposure data are largely lacking, we surveyed human serum pools collected from U.S. residents to determine the feasibility of measuring toxaphene in human samples and to determine whether additional analytical requirements were needed for routine measurement of toxaphene. We report a method for quantification of toxaphene congeners in human serum using a mixed-bed gradient solid-phase extraction and analysis using gas chromatography-high-resolution mass spectrometry with electron-impact ionization. In this method, we monitored low-mass fragment ions that were common to all 22 congeners. To verify the specific congeners detected, we further analyzed the extract using negative methane chemical ionization. We used this method to measure two specific congeners, Parlar 26 and 50, at concentrations ranging from about 3 to 30 pg/ml (0.7-7 ng/g lipid) in pooled human serum collected in Atlanta, Chicago, and Cincinnati. We identified several analytical parameters that must be strengthened to routinely measure toxaphene congeners in human samples. JF - Archives of environmental contamination and toxicology AU - Barr, John R AU - Woolfitt, Adrian R AU - Maggio, Vincent L AU - Patterson, Donald G AD - Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia 30341, USA. jbarr@cdc.gov Y1 - 2004/05// PY - 2004 DA - May 2004 SP - 551 EP - 556 VL - 46 IS - 4 SN - 0090-4341, 0090-4341 KW - Toxaphene KW - 8001-35-2 KW - Index Medicus KW - Mass Screening KW - Illinois KW - Humans KW - Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry KW - Georgia KW - Ohio KW - Environmental Monitoring KW - Toxaphene -- blood UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/66702959?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Archives+of+environmental+contamination+and+toxicology&rft.atitle=Measurement+of+toxaphene+congeners+in+pooled+human+serum+collected+in+three+U.S.+cities+using+high-resolution+mass+spectrometry.&rft.au=Barr%2C+John+R%3BWoolfitt%2C+Adrian+R%3BMaggio%2C+Vincent+L%3BPatterson%2C+Donald+G&rft.aulast=Barr&rft.aufirst=John&rft.date=2004-05-01&rft.volume=46&rft.issue=4&rft.spage=551&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Archives+of+environmental+contamination+and+toxicology&rft.issn=00904341&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 2004-08-09 N1 - Date created - 2004-07-15 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Multidrug-resistant Salmonella Typhimurium infection from milk contaminated after pasteurization. AN - 66643808; 15200835 AB - An outbreak of multidrug-resistant Salmonella enterica serotype Typhimurium infections occurred in Pennsylvania and New Jersey. A case-control study implicated pasteurized milk from a dairy, and an inspection indicated the potential for contamination after pasteurization. Dairy cattle are the likely reservoir, and milk may be an important vehicle of Salmonella transmission to humans. JF - Emerging infectious diseases AU - Olsen, Sonja J AU - Ying, Michelle AU - Davis, Meghan F AU - Deasy, Marshall AU - Holland, Ben AU - Iampietro, Larry AU - Baysinger, C Michael AU - Sassano, Frances AU - Polk, Lewis D AU - Gormley, Betty AU - Hung, Mary Jane AU - Pilot, Keith AU - Orsini, Maria AU - Van Duyne, Susan AU - Rankin, Shelley AU - Genese, Carol AU - Bresnitz, Eddy A AU - Smucker, Joseph AU - Moll, Maria AU - Sobel, Jeremy AD - Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA, USA. sco2@cdc.gov Y1 - 2004/05// PY - 2004 DA - May 2004 SP - 932 EP - 935 VL - 10 IS - 5 SN - 1080-6040, 1080-6040 KW - Index Medicus KW - Animals KW - Humans KW - Aged KW - Child KW - Dairying KW - Child, Preschool KW - Infant KW - Hot Temperature KW - Cattle KW - New Jersey -- epidemiology KW - Aged, 80 and over KW - Adult KW - Case-Control Studies KW - Middle Aged KW - Pennsylvania -- epidemiology KW - Adolescent KW - Microbial Sensitivity Tests KW - Male KW - Female KW - Milk -- microbiology KW - Salmonella typhimurium -- isolation & purification KW - Salmonella Food Poisoning -- epidemiology KW - Sterilization -- methods KW - Salmonella typhimurium -- drug effects KW - Salmonella Food Poisoning -- microbiology KW - Drug Resistance, Multiple, Bacterial KW - Disease Outbreaks KW - Salmonella typhimurium -- genetics KW - Salmonella typhimurium -- classification UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/66643808?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Emerging+infectious+diseases&rft.atitle=Multidrug-resistant+Salmonella+Typhimurium+infection+from+milk+contaminated+after+pasteurization.&rft.au=Olsen%2C+Sonja+J%3BYing%2C+Michelle%3BDavis%2C+Meghan+F%3BDeasy%2C+Marshall%3BHolland%2C+Ben%3BIampietro%2C+Larry%3BBaysinger%2C+C+Michael%3BSassano%2C+Frances%3BPolk%2C+Lewis+D%3BGormley%2C+Betty%3BHung%2C+Mary+Jane%3BPilot%2C+Keith%3BOrsini%2C+Maria%3BVan+Duyne%2C+Susan%3BRankin%2C+Shelley%3BGenese%2C+Carol%3BBresnitz%2C+Eddy+A%3BSmucker%2C+Joseph%3BMoll%2C+Maria%3BSobel%2C+Jeremy&rft.aulast=Olsen&rft.aufirst=Sonja&rft.date=2004-05-01&rft.volume=10&rft.issue=5&rft.spage=932&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Emerging+infectious+diseases&rft.issn=10806040&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 2004-08-20 N1 - Date created - 2004-06-17 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - SuppNotes - Cited By: J Infect Dis. 2000 May;181(5):1834-7 [10823796] Emerg Infect Dis. 2002 May;8(5):490-5 [11996684] J Hyg (Lond). 1977 Apr;78(2):297-300 [321679] N Engl J Med. 1978 Jan 12;298(2):76-9 [579433] JAMA. 1984 Jan 27;251(4):483-6 [6546313] N Engl J Med. 1998 May 7;338(19):1333-8 [9571252] N Engl J Med. 1985 Feb 14;312(7):404-7 [3918263] JAMA. 1987 Dec 11;258(22):3269-74 [3316720] J Infect Dis. 1988 May;157(5):1095-7 [3361151] N Engl J Med. 1997 Jan 9;336(2):100-5 [8988887] MMWR Morb Mortal Wkly Rep. 1984 Sep 14;33(36):505-6 [6433164] N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Positive Impact: A Community-Based Mental Health Center for People Affected by HIV AN - 61327049; 200403067 AB - Discusses the work of Positive Impact, Inc, in Atlanta, GA, in providing mental health services to people affected by HIV. Positive Impact's intake & assessment; a bridging intervention to promote the engagement of participants in their mental health care; & psychotherapeutic, psychiatric, & other specialized services are described. Services are offered by a volunteer network of 80+ community-based mental health care professionals, supplemented by a graduate intern training program. The benefits of this program are briefly extolled in closing. 12 References. Adapted from the source document. JF - Health & Social Work AU - Smith, Bryce D AU - Bride, Brian E Y1 - 2004/05// PY - 2004 DA - May 2004 SP - 145 EP - 148 VL - 29 IS - 2 SN - 0360-7283, 0360-7283 KW - Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndrome KW - Community Services KW - Mental Health Services KW - Atlanta, Georgia KW - Community Organizations KW - article KW - 6142: mental & emotional health problems KW - 6126: acquired immune deficiency syndrome (AIDS) UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/61327049?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Asocialservices&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Health+%26+Social+Work&rft.atitle=Positive+Impact%3A+A+Community-Based+Mental+Health+Center+for+People+Affected+by+HIV&rft.au=Smith%2C+Bryce+D%3BBride%2C+Brian+E&rft.aulast=Smith&rft.aufirst=Bryce&rft.date=2004-05-01&rft.volume=29&rft.issue=2&rft.spage=145&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Health+%26+Social+Work&rft.issn=03607283&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - Social Services Abstracts N1 - Date revised - 2007-10-30 N1 - Number of references - 12 N1 - Last updated - 2016-09-28 N1 - CODEN - HSWOEL N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Mental Health Services; Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndrome; Community Services; Community Organizations; Atlanta, Georgia ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Research article: Evaluation of field training in the epidemic intelligence service Publications and job choices AN - 19811948; 8790645 AB - Background: Since 1951, the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention's Epidemic Intelligence Service (EIS) has provided training in applied epidemiology to physicians, nurses, veterinarians, dentists, and doctoral-level health scientists. About one third of these EIS officers have been trained in the setting of state and local health departments (the field). Methods To evaluate two specific outcomes of field EIS training, the authors reviewed the published work and career choices of field EIS officers after completing the program. The EIS classes of 1991-1996 were selected for study. A field officer was defined as an EIS Officer who completed at least the second year of a 2-year EIS assignment in a state or local health department position. Results During this period, 430 EIS officers completed the program; 117 (27.2%) were field officers. Of these, 84 (71.8%) published one or more scientific paper as first author for a total of 202 first authored manuscripts in over 50 different journals, an average of 1.7 (range, 0-8) per officer. Most (71%) were on infectious disease topics; 16% were on environmental health or injury control topics, and 11% were on chronic diseases. Field officers were more likely than headquarters-based officers to choose positions in state or local health departments for their first job after graduating (32/117 [27.4%] versus 22/313 [7.0%]; relative RISK = 3.9, 95% confidence INTERVAL = 2.4-6.4). Conclusions EIS training in the field has contributed to the scientific literature and to the strengthening of public health infrastructure at the state and local level. JF - American Journal of Preventive Medicine AU - Moolenaar, Ronald L AU - Thacker, Stephen B AD - Epidemiology Program Office, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta Georgia, USA, RLM8@cdc.gov Y1 - 2004/05// PY - 2004 DA - May 2004 SP - 299 EP - 306 PB - Elsevier Science, The Boulevard Langford Lane Kidlington Oxford OX5 1GB UK, [mailto:nlinfo-f@elsevier.nl], [URL:http://www.elsevier.nl] VL - 26 IS - 4 SN - 0749-3797, 0749-3797 KW - Risk Abstracts; Health & Safety Science Abstracts KW - Injuries KW - Environmental health KW - Public health KW - prevention KW - intelligence KW - careers KW - dentistry KW - disease control KW - Medical personnel KW - Training KW - Reviews KW - infrastructure KW - nursing KW - H 11000:Diseases/Injuries/Trauma KW - R2 23060:Medical and environmental health UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/19811948?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Ariskabstracts&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=American+Journal+of+Preventive+Medicine&rft.atitle=Research+article%3A+Evaluation+of+field+training+in+the+epidemic+intelligence+service+Publications+and+job+choices&rft.au=Moolenaar%2C+Ronald+L%3BThacker%2C+Stephen+B&rft.aulast=Moolenaar&rft.aufirst=Ronald&rft.date=2004-05-01&rft.volume=26&rft.issue=4&rft.spage=299&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=American+Journal+of+Preventive+Medicine&rft.issn=07493797&rft_id=info:doi/10.1016%2Fj.amepre.2003.12.014 LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2009-01-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-14 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Training; intelligence; Public health; Medical personnel; Reviews; dentistry; Environmental health; careers; prevention; nursing; Injuries; disease control; infrastructure DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.amepre.2003.12.014 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Measurement of dialkyl phosphate metabolites of organophosphorus pesticides in human urine using lyophilization with gas chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry and isotope dilution quantification AN - 18049545; 6020745 AB - Urinary dialkylphosphate (DAP) metabolites have been used to estimate human exposure to organophosphorus pesticides. We developed a method for quantifying the six DAP urinary metabolites of at least 28 organophosphorus pesticides using lyophilization and chemical derivatization followed by analysis using isotope-dilution gas chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (GC-MS/MS). Urine samples were spiked with stable isotope analogues of the DAPs and the water was removed from the samples using a lyophilizer. The dried residue was dissolved in acetonitrile and diethyl ether, and the DAPs were chemically derivatized to their respective chloropropyl phosphate esters. The chloropropyl phosphate esters were concentrated, and analyzed using GC-MS/MS. The limits of detection of the method were in the low mu g/l (parts per billion) to mid pg/ml range (parts per trillion) with coefficients of variation of 7-14%. The use of stable isotope analogues as internal standards for each of these metabolites allows for sample-specific adjustment for recovery and thus permits a high degree of accuracy and precision. Use of this method with approximately 1100 urine samples collected from pregnant women and children indicate that the low limits of detection allow this method to be used in general population studies. JF - Journal of Exposure Analysis and Environmental Epidemiology AU - Bravo, R AU - Caltabiano, L M AU - Weerasekera, G AU - Whitehead, R D AU - Fernandez, C AU - Needham, L L AU - Bradman, A AU - Barr, D B AD - National Center for Environmental Health, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, 4770 Buford Hwy. NE, Mailstop F-17, Atlanta, GA 30341, USA, dlb1@cdc.gov Y1 - 2004/05// PY - 2004 DA - May 2004 SP - 249 EP - 259 VL - 14 IS - 3 SN - 1053-4245, 1053-4245 KW - dialkyl phosphate KW - Health & Safety Science Abstracts; Pollution Abstracts KW - Bioindicators KW - Organophosphorus compounds KW - Metabolites KW - Urine KW - Pesticides KW - Occupational exposure KW - H 5000:Pesticides KW - P 6000:TOXICOLOGY AND HEALTH UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/18049545?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Apollution&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Exposure+Analysis+and+Environmental+Epidemiology&rft.atitle=Measurement+of+dialkyl+phosphate+metabolites+of+organophosphorus+pesticides+in+human+urine+using+lyophilization+with+gas+chromatography-tandem+mass+spectrometry+and+isotope+dilution+quantification&rft.au=Bravo%2C+R%3BCaltabiano%2C+L+M%3BWeerasekera%2C+G%3BWhitehead%2C+R+D%3BFernandez%2C+C%3BNeedham%2C+L+L%3BBradman%2C+A%3BBarr%2C+D+B&rft.aulast=Bravo&rft.aufirst=R&rft.date=2004-05-01&rft.volume=14&rft.issue=3&rft.spage=249&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+Exposure+Analysis+and+Environmental+Epidemiology&rft.issn=10534245&rft_id=info:doi/10.1038%2Fsj.jea.7500322 LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2010-05-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-14 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Bioindicators; Organophosphorus compounds; Urine; Pesticides; Metabolites; Occupational exposure DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/sj.jea.7500322 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Hydrofluoric Acid Releases in 17 States and the Acute Health Effects Associated, 1993-2001 AN - 17975226; 5922080 AB - Hydrofluoric (HF) acid is 1 of the strongest and most corrosive acids known. Human exposure commonly occurs from occupational releases and can result in severe injuries and death. Data from the Agency for Toxic Substances and Disease Registry's Hazardous Substances Emergency Events Surveillance (HSEES) system were used to conduct a descriptive analysis on the acute health effects of HF acid exposure. Of the total HSEES events (n = 49,106), HF acid releases occurred in 0.3% of events (n = 134). HF acid events were 2 times more likely to involve injuries when compared with other acid events and 3 times more likely when compared with nonacid events. Employees such as those in trucking services, petroleum refining, and chemical manufacturing need to understand the dangers of HF acid and should have the appropriate personal protective equipment available to prevent exposure. JF - Journal of Occupational and Environmental Medicine AU - Horton, D K AU - Berkowitz, Z AU - Kaye, W E AD - Agency for Toxic Substances and Disease Registry, Division of Health Studies/Epidemiology and Surveillance Branch, 1600 Clifton Rd. NE, Mailston E-31, Atlanta, GA 30033, USA, dhorton@cdc.gov Y1 - 2004/05// PY - 2004 DA - May 2004 SP - 501 EP - 508 VL - 46 IS - 5 SN - 1076-2752, 1076-2752 KW - hydrofluoric acid KW - man KW - Toxicology Abstracts; Health & Safety Science Abstracts KW - Mortality KW - Injuries KW - Protective equipment KW - Public health KW - Air pollution KW - USA KW - Acids KW - Occupational exposure KW - X 24156:Environmental impact KW - H 1000:Occupational Safety and Health UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/17975226?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxicologyabstracts&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Occupational+and+Environmental+Medicine&rft.atitle=Hydrofluoric+Acid+Releases+in+17+States+and+the+Acute+Health+Effects+Associated%2C+1993-2001&rft.au=Horton%2C+D+K%3BBerkowitz%2C+Z%3BKaye%2C+W+E&rft.aulast=Horton&rft.aufirst=D&rft.date=2004-05-01&rft.volume=46&rft.issue=5&rft.spage=501&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+Occupational+and+Environmental+Medicine&rft.issn=10762752&rft_id=info:doi/10.1097%2F01.jom.0000126030.45341.6b LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - USA; Acids; Occupational exposure; Protective equipment; Mortality; Injuries; Air pollution; Public health DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/01.jom.0000126030.45341.6b ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Bacillus anthracis contamination and inhalational anthrax in a mail processing and distribution center AN - 17973881; 5920716 AB - Four inhalational anthrax cases occurred in a large mail processing and distribution center in Washington, DC, after envelopes containing Bacillus anthracis spores were processed. This report describes the results of sampling for B. anthracis spores during investigations conducted in October and December 2001. Wet swabs, wet wipes, vacuum sock, and air-filter samples were collected throughout the facility to characterize the extent of building contamination. The results showed widespread contamination of B. anthracis spores, particularly associated with one delivery bar code sorter (DBCS) machine that had sorted the spore-containing envelopes and an area where the envelopes were handled by postal workers. Spore concentrations decreased as distance from the DBCS machine increased, but spores were widely dispersed into surrounding areas. The spatial distribution of culture positive samples was closely related to the work areas of the inhalational anthrax cases and supported epidemiological evidence that the workers became ill from exposure to B. anthracis spores in areas where the contaminated envelopes had travelled. The results of this investigation were used to guide decontamination efforts and provided baseline spore concentrations for follow-up measurements after the building had been cleaned. Implementing methods to reduce aerosolization and dispersion of dust within the facility would reduce postal workers' potential exposures to bioterrorism agents. JF - Journal of Applied Microbiology AU - Sanderson, W AU - Stoddard, R AU - Echt, A AU - Piacitelli, C AU - Kim, D AU - Horan, J AU - Davies, M AU - Mccleery, R AU - Muller, P AU - Schnorr, T AU - Ward, E AU - Hales, T AD - University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, National Center for Chronic Disease Prevention and Health Promotion, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA, wayne-sanderson@uiowa.edu Y1 - 2004/05// PY - 2004 DA - May 2004 SP - 1048 EP - 1056 PB - Blackwell Science Ltd VL - 96 IS - 5 SN - 1364-5072, 1364-5072 KW - Bioengineering Abstracts; Microbiology Abstracts A: Industrial & Applied Microbiology; Microbiology Abstracts B: Bacteriology KW - Inhalation KW - Aerosols KW - Epidemiology KW - bioterrorism KW - Decontamination KW - Anthrax KW - Bacillus anthracis KW - Spores KW - Toxins KW - A 01110:Environmental KW - W4 240:Bioterrorism & Biological Warfare KW - J 02823:In vitro and in vivo effects UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/17973881?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologyb&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Applied+Microbiology&rft.atitle=Bacillus+anthracis+contamination+and+inhalational+anthrax+in+a+mail+processing+and+distribution+center&rft.au=Sanderson%2C+W%3BStoddard%2C+R%3BEcht%2C+A%3BPiacitelli%2C+C%3BKim%2C+D%3BHoran%2C+J%3BDavies%2C+M%3BMccleery%2C+R%3BMuller%2C+P%3BSchnorr%2C+T%3BWard%2C+E%3BHales%2C+T&rft.aulast=Sanderson&rft.aufirst=W&rft.date=2004-05-01&rft.volume=96&rft.issue=5&rft.spage=1048&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+Applied+Microbiology&rft.issn=13645072&rft_id=info:doi/10.1111%2Fj.1365-2672.2004.02223.x LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Last updated - 2015-03-24 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Inhalation; Aerosols; Epidemiology; bioterrorism; Anthrax; Decontamination; Spores; Toxins; Bacillus anthracis DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2672.2004.02223.x ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Sequencing and Comparative Analysis of Flagellin Genes fliC, fljB, and flpA from Salmonella AN - 17962878; 5896906 AB - Salmonella isolates have traditionally been classified by serotyping, the serologic identification of two surface antigens, O-polysaccharide and flagellin protein. Serotyping has been of great value in understanding the epidemiology of Salmonella and investigating disease outbreaks; however, production and quality control of the hundreds of antisera required for serotyping is difficult and time-consuming. To circumvent the problems associated with antiserum production, we began the development of a system for determination of serotype in Salmonella based on DNA markers. To identify flagellar antigen-specific sequences, we sequenced 280 alleles of the three genes that are known to encode flagellin in Salmonella, fliC, fljB, and flpA, representing 67 flagellar antigen types. Analysis of the data indicated that the sequences from fliC, fljB, and flpA clustered by the antigen(s) they encode not by locus. The sequences grouped into four clusters based on their conserved regions. Three of the four clusters included multiple flagellar antigen types and were designated the G complex, the Z4 complex, and the alpha cluster. The fourth cluster contained a single antigen type, H:z sub(29). The amino acid sequences of the conserved regions within each cluster have greater than 95% amino acid identity, whereas the conserved regions differ substantially between clusters (75 to 85% identity). Substantial sequence heterogeneity existed between alleles encoding different flagellar antigens while alleles encoding the same flagellar antigen were homologous, suggesting that flagellin genes may be useful targets for the molecular determination of flagellar antigen type. JF - Journal of Clinical Microbiology AU - McQuiston, J R AU - Parrenas, R AU - Ortiz-Rivera, M AU - Gheesling, L AU - Brenner, F AU - Fields, P I AD - National Salmonella Reference Laboratory, Foodborne and Diarrheal Diseases Branch, Division of Bacterial and Mycotic Diseases, MS-C03, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, 1600 Clifton Rd., Atlanta, GA 30333, zje8@cdc.gov Y1 - 2004/05// PY - 2004 DA - May 2004 SP - 1923 EP - 1932 PB - American Society for Microbiology, 1752 N Street N.W. Washington, DC 20036 USA, [URL:http://www.asm.org/] VL - 42 IS - 5 SN - 0095-1137, 0095-1137 KW - amino acid sequence KW - fljB gene KW - nucleotide sequence KW - Microbiology Abstracts B: Bacteriology KW - Antigens KW - Genetic analysis KW - Serotyping KW - FlpA protein KW - fliC gene KW - Salmonella KW - Flagellin KW - J 02740:Genetics and evolution UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/17962878?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologyb&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Clinical+Microbiology&rft.atitle=Sequencing+and+Comparative+Analysis+of+Flagellin+Genes+fliC%2C+fljB%2C+and+flpA+from+Salmonella&rft.au=McQuiston%2C+J+R%3BParrenas%2C+R%3BOrtiz-Rivera%2C+M%3BGheesling%2C+L%3BBrenner%2C+F%3BFields%2C+P+I&rft.aulast=McQuiston&rft.aufirst=J&rft.date=2004-05-01&rft.volume=42&rft.issue=5&rft.spage=1923&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+Clinical+Microbiology&rft.issn=00951137&rft_id=info:doi/10.1128%2FJCM.42.5.1923-1932.2004 LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Last updated - 2015-03-24 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Antigens; Genetic analysis; Serotyping; FlpA protein; fliC gene; Flagellin; Salmonella DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/JCM.42.5.1923-1932.2004 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Glycerophosphodiester Phosphodiesterase Gene (glpQ) of Borrelia lonestari Identified as a Target for Differentiating Borrelia Species Associated with Hard Ticks (Acari:Ixodidae) AN - 17955793; 5896803 AB - A glpQ ortholog was identified in DNA from Borrelia lonestari- positive Amblyomma americanum, providing further evidence that B. lonestari is more closely related to the relapsing fever group spirochetes than to borreliae that cause Lyme disease. This finding provides a basis for developing diagnostic assays to differentiate species of borrelia transmitted by hard ticks. JF - Journal of Clinical Microbiology AU - Bacon, R M AU - Pilgard, MA AU - Johnson, BJB AU - Raffel, S J AU - Schwan, T G AD - Bacterial Zoonoses Branch, CDC/NCID/DVBID, P.O. Box 2087, Fort Collins, CO 80522, rbacon@cdc.gov Y1 - 2004/05// PY - 2004 DA - May 2004 SP - 2326 EP - 2328 PB - American Society for Microbiology, 1752 N Street N.W. Washington, DC 20036 USA, [URL:http://www.asm.org/] VL - 42 IS - 5 SN - 0095-1137, 0095-1137 KW - Microbiology Abstracts B: Bacteriology KW - Amblyomma americanum KW - Relapsing fever KW - Vector-borne diseases KW - Borrelia lonestari KW - Assays KW - Glycerophosphodiester phosphodiesterase KW - GlpQ protein KW - J 02870:Invertebrate bacteriology KW - J 02740:Genetics and evolution UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/17955793?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologyb&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Clinical+Microbiology&rft.atitle=Glycerophosphodiester+Phosphodiesterase+Gene+%28glpQ%29+of+Borrelia+lonestari+Identified+as+a+Target+for+Differentiating+Borrelia+Species+Associated+with+Hard+Ticks+%28Acari%3AIxodidae%29&rft.au=Bacon%2C+R+M%3BPilgard%2C+MA%3BJohnson%2C+BJB%3BRaffel%2C+S+J%3BSchwan%2C+T+G&rft.aulast=Bacon&rft.aufirst=R&rft.date=2004-05-01&rft.volume=42&rft.issue=5&rft.spage=2326&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+Clinical+Microbiology&rft.issn=00951137&rft_id=info:doi/10.1128%2FJCM.42.5.2326-2328.2004 LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Last updated - 2015-03-24 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Relapsing fever; Vector-borne diseases; Assays; Glycerophosphodiester phosphodiesterase; GlpQ protein; Amblyomma americanum; Borrelia lonestari DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/JCM.42.5.2326-2328.2004 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Evaluation of vaccine safety after the events of 11 September 2001: role of cohort and case-control studies AN - 17948668; 5900084 AB - As immunization programs world-wide 'mature' with high vaccine coverage and near elimination of vaccine-preventable disease, vaccine safety issues have increased in relative prominence. In the wake of events of 11 September 2001, fear of bioterrorism has reemerged. The paradigm of eradicating vaccine- preventable diseases, stopping vaccinations and thereby also eradicating the associated vaccine adverse events (a la smallpox) may unfortunately be obsolete. If all vaccinations have to be continued indefinitely, research is needed more than ever to understand and prevent rare vaccine adverse events. Case-control studies are usually best suited for such purposes, especially when nested within a pre-existing large-linked administrative database cohort to minimize bias. The new clinical immunization safety assessment centers may play an important role in bridging the sometimes conflicting clinical and epidemiologic perspectives in vaccine safety. JF - Vaccine AU - Chen, R T AD - Immunization Safety Branch, National Immunization Program (MS-E61) Centers for Disease Control, Prevention Corporate Square Office Park, Building 12-Rm 2419 CDC, Atlanta, GA 30333, USA, bchen@cdc.gov Y1 - 2004/05// PY - 2004 DA - May 2004 SP - 2047 EP - 2053 PB - Butterworth-Heinemann, 313 Washington St. Newton MA 02158 USA VL - 22 IS - 15-16 SN - 0264-410X, 0264-410X KW - man KW - safety KW - smallpox virus KW - Health & Safety Science Abstracts; Immunology Abstracts KW - Vaccines KW - Safety KW - Adverse events KW - Bioterrorism KW - immunization KW - Smallpox KW - vaccines KW - bioterrorism KW - Emergency preparedness KW - Reviews KW - Vaccination KW - Variola virus KW - F 06807:Active immunization KW - H 4000:Food and Drugs UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/17948668?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Ahealthsafetyabstracts&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Vaccine&rft.atitle=Evaluation+of+vaccine+safety+after+the+events+of+11+September+2001%3A+role+of+cohort+and+case-control+studies&rft.au=Chen%2C+R+T&rft.aulast=Chen&rft.aufirst=R&rft.date=2004-05-01&rft.volume=22&rft.issue=15-16&rft.spage=2047&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Vaccine&rft.issn=0264410X&rft_id=info:doi/10.1016%2Fj.vaccine.2004.01.023 LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Last updated - 2015-03-24 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Smallpox; Reviews; Vaccines; Vaccination; immunization; vaccines; bioterrorism; Emergency preparedness; Variola virus DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.vaccine.2004.01.023 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Evaluation of Rapid Diagnostic Tests for Typhoid Fever AN - 17948201; 5896910 AB - Laboratory diagnosis of typhoid fever requires isolation and identification of Salmonella enterica serotype Typhi. In many areas where this disease is endemic, laboratory capability is limited. Recent advances in molecular immunology have led to the identification of sensitive and specific markers for typhoid fever and technology to manufacture practical and inexpensive kits for their rapid detection. We evaluated three commercial kits for serologic diagnosis of typhoid fever. Patients presenting with => 4 days of fever were enrolled at two hospitals in Southern Vietnam. Cases were patients with serotype Typhi isolated from blood samples, and controls were patients with other laboratory-confirmed illnesses. Serotype Typhi isolates were confirmed and tested for antimicrobial susceptibility at the Pasteur Institute in Ho Chi Minh City. The Widal test was run at the hospitals and the Pasteur Institute. Sera were shipped frozen to the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention and tested by using Multi-Test Dip-S-Ticks, TyphiDot, and TUBEX to detect immunoglobulin G (IgG), IgG and IgM, and IgM, respectively. Package insert protocol instructions were followed. We enrolled 59 patients and 21 controls. The sensitivity and specificity findings were as follows: 89 and 53% for Multi-Test Dip-S-Ticks, 79 and 89% for TyphiDot, 78 and 89% for TUBEX, and 64 and 76% for Widal testing in hospitals and 61% and 100% for Widal testing at the Pasteur Institute. For all assays, the sensitivity was highest in the second week of illness. The Widal test was insensitive and displayed interoperator variability. Two rapid kits, TyphiDot and TUBEX, demonstrated promising results. JF - Journal of Clinical Microbiology AU - Olsen, S J AU - Pruckler, J AU - Bibb, W AU - Thanh, NTM AU - Trinh, T M AU - Minh, N T AU - Sivapalasingam, S AU - Gupta, A AU - Phuong, P T AU - Chinh, N T AU - Chau, N V AU - Cam, P D AU - Mintz, ED AD - Foodborne and Diarrheal Disease Branch, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, 1600 Clifton Rd., MS A-38, Atlanta, GA 30333, edm1@cdc.gov Y1 - 2004/05// PY - 2004 DA - May 2004 SP - 1885 EP - 1889 PB - American Society for Microbiology, 1752 N Street N.W. Washington, DC 20036 USA, [URL:http://www.asm.org/] VL - 42 IS - 5 SN - 0095-1137, 0095-1137 KW - case reports KW - Microbiology Abstracts B: Bacteriology KW - Widal test KW - Salmonella enterica KW - Immunoglobulin G KW - Drug sensitivity testing KW - Serological tests KW - Typhoid fever KW - Immunoassays KW - Immunoglobulin M KW - Hospitals KW - Vietnam KW - J 02855:Human Bacteriology: Others UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/17948201?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologyb&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Clinical+Microbiology&rft.atitle=Evaluation+of+Rapid+Diagnostic+Tests+for+Typhoid+Fever&rft.au=Olsen%2C+S+J%3BPruckler%2C+J%3BBibb%2C+W%3BThanh%2C+NTM%3BTrinh%2C+T+M%3BMinh%2C+N+T%3BSivapalasingam%2C+S%3BGupta%2C+A%3BPhuong%2C+P+T%3BChinh%2C+N+T%3BChau%2C+N+V%3BCam%2C+P+D%3BMintz%2C+ED&rft.aulast=Olsen&rft.aufirst=S&rft.date=2004-05-01&rft.volume=42&rft.issue=5&rft.spage=1885&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+Clinical+Microbiology&rft.issn=00951137&rft_id=info:doi/10.1128%2FJCM.42.5.1885-1889.2004 LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Salmonella enterica; Vietnam; Typhoid fever; Serological tests; Hospitals; Widal test; Drug sensitivity testing; Immunoglobulin G; Immunoglobulin M; Immunoassays DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/JCM.42.5.1885-1889.2004 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Primary enforcement seat belt laws are effective even in the face of rising belt use rates AN - 17887762; 5856137 AB - A recent systematic literature review found that primary enforcement laws are more effective at increasing seat belt use than secondary laws in the United States. This report reexamines the studies included in the systematic review to explore whether the benefits of a primary law differ based on: (1) the baseline seat belt use rate; or (2) whether or not the primary law replaces a secondary law. States that directly enacted primary laws showed larger increases in observed seat belt use (median increase of 33 percentage points). These laws were enacted in the mid-1980s, when baseline belt use rates were below 35%. Smaller, but substantial increases in belt use were observed in states that replaced secondary with primary laws (median increase of 14 percentage points). Baseline belt use rates in these states ranged from 47 to 73%. Primary safety belt laws can further increase seat belt use even in states with relatively high baseline levels of belt use. JF - Accident Analysis & Prevention AU - Shults, R A AU - Elder, R W AU - Sleet, DA AU - Thompson, R S AU - Nichols, J L AD - Division of Unintentional Injury Prevention, National Center for Injury Prevention and Control, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, 4770 Buford Highway, MS K-63, Atlanta, GA 30341, USA, rshults@cdc.gov Y1 - 2004/05// PY - 2004 DA - May 2004 SP - 491 EP - 493 PB - Elsevier Science Ltd., Pergamon, P.O. Box 800 Kidlington Oxford OX5 1DX UK, [mailto:nlinfo-f@elsevier.nl], [URL:http://www.elsevier.nl] VL - 36 IS - 3 SN - 0001-4575, 0001-4575 KW - seat belts KW - traffic safety KW - Health & Safety Science Abstracts KW - Motor vehicles KW - Compliance KW - Protective equipment KW - Government regulations KW - Accidents KW - USA KW - Reviews KW - Legislation KW - H 2000:Transportation UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/17887762?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Ahealthsafetyabstracts&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Accident+Analysis+%26+Prevention&rft.atitle=Primary+enforcement+seat+belt+laws+are+effective+even+in+the+face+of+rising+belt+use+rates&rft.au=Shults%2C+R+A%3BElder%2C+R+W%3BSleet%2C+DA%3BThompson%2C+R+S%3BNichols%2C+J+L&rft.aulast=Shults&rft.aufirst=R&rft.date=2004-05-01&rft.volume=36&rft.issue=3&rft.spage=491&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Accident+Analysis+%26+Prevention&rft.issn=00014575&rft_id=info:doi/10.1016%2FS0001-4575%2803%2900038-1 LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - USA; Reviews; Motor vehicles; Protective equipment; Accidents; Legislation; Government regulations; Compliance DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0001-4575(03)00038-1 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Brain concentrations of d-MDMA are increased after stress AN - 17707698; 6014245 AB - In the mouse but not the rat, d-3,4-methylenedioxymethamphetamine (d-MDMA) is a dopaminergic neurotoxicant. Various stressors and hypothermia protect against d-MDMA-induced neurotoxicity through unknown mechanisms, one of which could be a reduction in the distribution of d-MDMA to the brain. We determined striatal levels of d-MDMA in relation to body temperature in mice exposed to a neurotoxic regimen of d-MDMA in the presence or absence of various stressors. Female C57BL6/J mice received a neurotoxic regimen of d-MDMA (15.0 mg/kg s.c. as the base every 2 h x 4) alone or in combination with manipulations with a known neuroprotective status. d-MDMA levels were determined by HPLC with fluorometric detection while rectal temperature provided core temperature status. Levels of dopamine, tyrosine hydroxylase and GFAP were used to assess neurotoxicity. Restraint, ethanol co-treatment and cold stress were neuroprotective, caused hypothermia and increased striatal d-MDMA levels by 4- to 7-fold. Corticosterone treatment, as a stress mimic, did not alter striatal d-MDMA or temperature and was not protective. The protective glutamate receptor antagonist, MK-801, doubled striatal d-MDMA levels and caused hypothermia. Conclusions. Although stress and other protective manipulations can alter the striatal concentration of d-MDMA their hypothermia-inducing properties appear a more likely determinant of their neuroprotection against the striatal dopaminergic neurotoxicity of d-MDMA. JF - Psychopharmacology AU - Johnson, E A AU - O'Callaghan, J P AU - Miller, D B AD - Chronic Stress Laboratory, Toxicology and Molecular Biology Branch, Health Effects Laboratory Division, National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health/Centers for Disease Control, 1095 Willowdale Road, Mailstop 3014, VA 26505, Morgantown, USA, EDJ2@cdc.gov Y1 - 2004/05// PY - 2004 DA - May 2004 SP - 278 EP - 286 PB - Springer-Verlag VL - 173 IS - 3-4 SN - 0033-3158, 0033-3158 KW - Toxicology Abstracts KW - High-performance liquid chromatography KW - Temperature effects KW - Hypothermia KW - Rectum KW - Body temperature KW - Glial fibrillary acidic protein KW - Neuroprotection KW - Glutamic acid receptors KW - MK-801 KW - Corticosterone KW - Dopamine KW - Neurotoxicity KW - Neostriatum KW - Tyrosine 3-monooxygenase KW - Ethanol KW - X 24180:Social poisons & drug abuse UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/17707698?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxicologyabstracts&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Psychopharmacology&rft.atitle=Brain+concentrations+of+d-MDMA+are+increased+after+stress&rft.au=Johnson%2C+E+A%3BO%27Callaghan%2C+J+P%3BMiller%2C+D+B&rft.aulast=Johnson&rft.aufirst=E&rft.date=2004-05-01&rft.volume=173&rft.issue=3-4&rft.spage=278&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Psychopharmacology&rft.issn=00333158&rft_id=info:doi/10.1007%2Fs00213-003-1740-3 L2 - http://link.springer.de/link/service/journals/00213/bibs/41733-4/41730278.htm LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Last updated - 2015-03-24 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Temperature effects; High-performance liquid chromatography; Hypothermia; Rectum; Body temperature; Glial fibrillary acidic protein; Neuroprotection; Glutamic acid receptors; MK-801; Corticosterone; Dopamine; Neostriatum; Neurotoxicity; Tyrosine 3-monooxygenase; Ethanol DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00213-003-1740-3 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Preliminary FoodNet data on the incidence of infection with pathogens transmitted commonly through food--selected sites, United States, 2003. AN - 71895437; 15123986 AB - In the United States, an estimated 76 million persons contract foodborne and other acute diarrheal illnesses each year. CDC's Emerging Infections Program Foodborne Diseases Active Surveillance Network (FoodNet) collects data on diseases caused by enteric pathogens transmitted commonly through food in nine U.S. sites. FoodNet quantifies and monitors the incidence of these infections by conducting active surveillance for laboratory-diagnosed illness. This report describes preliminary surveillance data for 2003 and compares them with 1996-2002 data. The data indicate substantial declines in the incidence of infections caused by Campylobacter, Cryptosporidium parvum, Escherichia coli O157, Salmonella, and Yersinia enterocolitica. These data represent progress toward meeting the 2010 national health objectives of reducing the incidence of foodborne infections (objective nos. 10.1a, 10.1b, and 10.1d). However, increased efforts are needed to reduce further the incidence of foodborne illnesses, particularly among children. JF - MMWR. Morbidity and mortality weekly report AU - Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) AD - Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) Y1 - 2004/04/30/ PY - 2004 DA - 2004 Apr 30 SP - 338 EP - 343 VL - 53 IS - 16 KW - Index Medicus KW - Humans KW - Incidence KW - United States -- epidemiology KW - Foodborne Diseases -- epidemiology KW - Foodborne Diseases -- microbiology KW - Population Surveillance UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/71895437?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=MMWR.+Morbidity+and+mortality+weekly+report&rft.atitle=Preliminary+FoodNet+data+on+the+incidence+of+infection+with+pathogens+transmitted+commonly+through+food--selected+sites%2C+United+States%2C+2003.&rft.au=Centers+for+Disease+Control+and+Prevention+%28CDC%29&rft.aulast=Centers+for+Disease+Control+and+Prevention+%28CDC%29&rft.aufirst=&rft.date=2004-04-30&rft.volume=53&rft.issue=16&rft.spage=338&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=MMWR.+Morbidity+and+mortality+weekly+report&rft.issn=1545-861X&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 2004-05-06 N1 - Date created - 2004-05-04 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - SuppNotes - Comment In: Ann Emerg Med. 2004 Nov;44(5):532-6 [15520715] N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - How acute and reversible are the cardiovascular risks of secondhand smoke? AN - 71854819; 15105323 JF - BMJ (Clinical research ed.) AU - Pechacek, Terry F AU - Babb, Stephen AD - Office on Smoking and Health (K-50), Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, 4770 Buford Highway NE, Atlanta, GA 30341, USA. TPechacek@cdc.gov Y1 - 2004/04/24/ PY - 2004 DA - 2004 Apr 24 SP - 980 EP - 983 VL - 328 IS - 7446 KW - Tobacco Smoke Pollution KW - 0 KW - Abridged Index Medicus KW - Index Medicus KW - Acute Disease KW - Coronary Disease -- prevention & control KW - Risk Factors KW - Public Facilities KW - Humans KW - Health Behavior KW - Health Policy KW - Cardiovascular Diseases -- etiology KW - Tobacco Smoke Pollution -- prevention & control KW - Tobacco Smoke Pollution -- adverse effects KW - Cardiovascular Diseases -- prevention & control UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/71854819?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=BMJ+%28Clinical+research+ed.%29&rft.atitle=How+acute+and+reversible+are+the+cardiovascular+risks+of+secondhand+smoke%3F&rft.au=Pechacek%2C+Terry+F%3BBabb%2C+Stephen&rft.aulast=Pechacek&rft.aufirst=Terry&rft.date=2004-04-24&rft.volume=328&rft.issue=7446&rft.spage=980&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=BMJ+%28Clinical+research+ed.%29&rft.issn=1756-1833&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 2004-05-10 N1 - Date created - 2004-04-23 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - SuppNotes - Cited By: Prog Cardiovasc Dis. 2003 Jul-Aug;46(1):31-8 [12920699] Am J Public Health. 1999 Jul;89(7):1018-23 [10394309] Prog Cardiovasc Dis. 2003 Jul-Aug;46(1):79-90 [12920701] Prog Cardiovasc Dis. 2003 Jul-Aug;46(1):91-111 [12920702] Am J Med. 2004 Feb 1;116(3):145-50 [14749157] Am J Med. 2004 Feb 1;116(3):201-2 [14749167] BMJ. 2004 Apr 24;328(7446):977-80 [15066887] JAMA. 1995 Apr 5;273(13):1047-53 [7897790] BMJ. 1997 Oct 18;315(7114):973-80 [9365294] Environ Health Perspect. 1999 Dec;107 Suppl 6:837-40 [10592139] Environ Health Perspect. 1999 Dec;107 Suppl 6:853-8 [10592142] Am J Prev Med. 2001 Feb;20(2 Suppl):16-66 [11173215] JAMA. 2001 Jul 25;286(4):436-41 [11466122] Am J Public Health. 2001 Sep;91(9):1419-23 [11527774] Annu Rev Public Health. 2002;23:333-48 [11910066] MMWR Morb Mortal Wkly Rep. 2002 Apr 12;51(14):300-3 [12002168] BMJ. 2002 Jul 27;325(7357):188 [12142305] BMJ. 2003 May 17;326(7398):1057 [12750205] Prog Cardiovasc Dis. 2003 May-Jun;45(6):443-58 [12800127] Addiction. 2003 Aug;98(8):1111-7 [12873245] N Engl J Med. 1999 Mar 25;340(12):920-6 [10089185] N Engl J Med. 1999 Mar 25;340(12):958-9 [10089192] Comment On: BMJ. 2004 Apr 24;328(7446):977-80 [15066887] N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Work-related pilot fatalities in agriculture--United States, 1992-2001. AN - 71850742; 15103295 AB - Aircraft often are used in agriculture to apply pesticides, herbicides, or fertilizers. During 1992-2001, a total of 141 persons died in agriculture-related plane crashes. To characterize aviation fatalities in agriculture, CDC analyzed data on fatal injuries to pilots working in U.S. agriculture during 1992-2001. This report summarizes the results of that analysis, which indicated that agricultural pilots are at increased risk for fatal injury compared with pilots in all other industries. The agriculture aviation profession continues to work to reduce fatalities by recommending continual skill development and by offering training to aerial application pilots. JF - MMWR. Morbidity and mortality weekly report AU - Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) AD - Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) Y1 - 2004/04/23/ PY - 2004 DA - 2004 Apr 23 SP - 318 EP - 320 VL - 53 IS - 15 KW - Index Medicus KW - Humans KW - Adult KW - Middle Aged KW - United States -- epidemiology KW - Male KW - Aircraft KW - Agriculture -- statistics & numerical data KW - Accidents, Occupational -- mortality UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/71850742?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=MMWR.+Morbidity+and+mortality+weekly+report&rft.atitle=Work-related+pilot+fatalities+in+agriculture--United+States%2C+1992-2001.&rft.au=Centers+for+Disease+Control+and+Prevention+%28CDC%29&rft.aulast=Centers+for+Disease+Control+and+Prevention+%28CDC%29&rft.aufirst=&rft.date=2004-04-23&rft.volume=53&rft.issue=15&rft.spage=318&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=MMWR.+Morbidity+and+mortality+weekly+report&rft.issn=1545-861X&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 2004-04-26 N1 - Date created - 2004-04-22 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Carbon monoxide poisonings resulting from open air exposures to operating motorboats--Lake Havasu City, Arizona, 2003. AN - 71849607; 15103294 AB - During February 1997-August 2002, two fatal and six nonfatal cases of carbon monoxide (CO) poisoning occurred in vacationers who were wading in or boating near the Bridgewater Channel of Lake Havasu (Lake Havasu City [LHC], Arizona). The vacationers were near operating motorboats, primarily in the channel area, where large numbers of boaters congregate during holiday weekends. One person had a carboxyhemoglobin (%COHb) level of 40% on autopsy. To evaluate CO exposure among municipal employees working in the channel, CDC and the Havasu Regional Medical Center Emergency Department (HRMCED) conducted an initial investigation during Labor Day weekend 2002 (August 31-September 1). CO concentrations in channel air exceeded all short-term exposure criteria; four of 12 patients reporting to HRMCED because of boating-related activities had %COHb levels of >9%. In May 2003, LHC requested assistance from CDC, the Mohave County Department of Public Health (MCDPH), the Arizona Department of Health Services (ADHS), and a private consulting firm to assess CO exposures in the channel during Memorial Day weekend 2003 (May 23-26). Follow-up environmental surveys were conducted during June-September 2003. This report summarizes the findings of these surveys, which documented excessive CO exposure and confirmed the health risk among vacationers and employees working in the channel near crowded motorboat gatherings. Community leaders and safety officials should 1) be aware that employees and vacationers in close proximity to operating motorboats can be exposed to potentially lethal levels of CO, 2) evaluate exposures, and 3) take steps to prevent poisonings. JF - MMWR. Morbidity and mortality weekly report AU - Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) AD - Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) Y1 - 2004/04/23/ PY - 2004 DA - 2004 Apr 23 SP - 314 EP - 318 VL - 53 IS - 15 KW - Vehicle Emissions KW - 0 KW - Index Medicus KW - Occupational Exposure -- statistics & numerical data KW - Occupational Exposure -- prevention & control KW - Recreation KW - Arizona -- epidemiology KW - Humans KW - Ships KW - Carbon Monoxide Poisoning -- etiology KW - Environmental Exposure -- statistics & numerical data KW - Environmental Exposure -- prevention & control KW - Carbon Monoxide Poisoning -- epidemiology KW - Carbon Monoxide Poisoning -- prevention & control KW - Vehicle Emissions -- adverse effects UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/71849607?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=MMWR.+Morbidity+and+mortality+weekly+report&rft.atitle=Carbon+monoxide+poisonings+resulting+from+open+air+exposures+to+operating+motorboats--Lake+Havasu+City%2C+Arizona%2C+2003.&rft.au=Centers+for+Disease+Control+and+Prevention+%28CDC%29&rft.aulast=Centers+for+Disease+Control+and+Prevention+%28CDC%29&rft.aufirst=&rft.date=2004-04-23&rft.volume=53&rft.issue=15&rft.spage=314&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=MMWR.+Morbidity+and+mortality+weekly+report&rft.issn=1545-861X&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 2004-04-26 N1 - Date created - 2004-04-22 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Occupational fatalities during trenching and excavation work--United States, 1992-2001. AN - 71848065; 15103293 AB - Fatalities associated with trench collapses and other excavation hazards continue to occur despite Occupational Safety and Health Administration (OSHA) standards that specify safe work practices to reduce such hazards to workers. To assess the hazards of trenching and excavation work in the United States, CDC reviewed data from national occupational fatality records and investigative reports of fatal injuries. This report summarizes the results of that analysis, which indicated that 76% of the deaths were caused by cave-ins and 47% of the deaths occurred among employees of companies with < or =10 workers. Employers can reduce the risk for future deaths by adhering to OSHA standards and by using education and training resources on safe excavation and trenching practices offered by the National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH), OSHA, and labor and trade organizations. JF - MMWR. Morbidity and mortality weekly report AU - Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) AD - Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) Y1 - 2004/04/23/ PY - 2004 DA - 2004 Apr 23 SP - 311 EP - 314 VL - 53 IS - 15 KW - Index Medicus KW - Humans KW - Adult KW - Aged KW - Middle Aged KW - Adolescent KW - United States -- epidemiology KW - Male KW - Confined Spaces KW - Accidents, Occupational -- mortality UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/71848065?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=MMWR.+Morbidity+and+mortality+weekly+report&rft.atitle=Occupational+fatalities+during+trenching+and+excavation+work--United+States%2C+1992-2001.&rft.au=Centers+for+Disease+Control+and+Prevention+%28CDC%29&rft.aulast=Centers+for+Disease+Control+and+Prevention+%28CDC%29&rft.aufirst=&rft.date=2004-04-23&rft.volume=53&rft.issue=15&rft.spage=311&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=MMWR.+Morbidity+and+mortality+weekly+report&rft.issn=1545-861X&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 2004-04-26 N1 - Date created - 2004-04-22 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Egg consumption is the principal risk factor for sporadic Salmonella serotype Heidelberg infections: a case-control study in FoodNet sites. AN - 71848330; 15095195 AB - To determine risk factors for sporadic Salmonella serotype Heidelberg diarrheal disease, we conducted a population-based case-control study in 5 Foodborne Diseases Active Surveillance Network (FoodNet) surveillance areas in 1996-1997. Forty-four case patients and 83 control subjects matched by age and telephone exchange were asked about exposures during the 5-day period before onset of illness in the case patient. Risk factors for infection were evaluated using conditional logistic regression analysis. Eating eggs prepared outside the home remained the only significant risk factor for illness (matched odds ratio [MOR], 6.0; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.2-29.6). The population-attributable fraction of S. Heidelberg infections associated with eating eggs prepared outside the home was 37%. Eliminating the risk associated with out-of-home egg consumption could substantially reduce the incidence of S. Heidelberg infections. Control measures to prevent S. Heidelberg infection should include advising consumers to avoid eating undercooked eggs and educating food handlers about proper egg handling and cooking. JF - Clinical infectious diseases : an official publication of the Infectious Diseases Society of America AU - Hennessy, Thomas W AU - Cheng, Lay Har AU - Kassenborg, Heidi AU - Ahuja, Shama D AU - Mohle-Boetani, Janet AU - Marcus, Ruthanne AU - Shiferaw, Beletshachew AU - Angulo, Frederick J AU - Emerging Infections Program FoodNet Working Group AD - Foodborne and Diarrheal Diseases Branch, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia 30333, USA. tbh0@cdc.gov ; Emerging Infections Program FoodNet Working Group Y1 - 2004/04/15/ PY - 2004 DA - 2004 Apr 15 SP - S237 EP - S243 VL - 38 Suppl 3 KW - Index Medicus KW - Information Services KW - Humans KW - Serotyping KW - Child KW - Disease Outbreaks KW - Child, Preschool KW - Infant KW - Risk Factors KW - Adult KW - Case-Control Studies KW - Middle Aged KW - Adolescent KW - United States -- epidemiology KW - Female KW - Male KW - Ovum -- microbiology KW - Food Microbiology KW - Salmonella Food Poisoning -- epidemiology KW - Salmonella Infections -- epidemiology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/71848330?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Clinical+infectious+diseases+%3A+an+official+publication+of+the+Infectious+Diseases+Society+of+America&rft.atitle=Egg+consumption+is+the+principal+risk+factor+for+sporadic+Salmonella+serotype+Heidelberg+infections%3A+a+case-control+study+in+FoodNet+sites.&rft.au=Hennessy%2C+Thomas+W%3BCheng%2C+Lay+Har%3BKassenborg%2C+Heidi%3BAhuja%2C+Shama+D%3BMohle-Boetani%2C+Janet%3BMarcus%2C+Ruthanne%3BShiferaw%2C+Beletshachew%3BAngulo%2C+Frederick+J%3BEmerging+Infections+Program+FoodNet+Working+Group&rft.aulast=Hennessy&rft.aufirst=Thomas&rft.date=2004-04-15&rft.volume=38+Suppl+3&rft.issue=&rft.spage=S237&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Clinical+infectious+diseases+%3A+an+official+publication+of+the+Infectious+Diseases+Society+of+America&rft.issn=1537-6591&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 2004-04-28 N1 - Date created - 2004-04-19 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Prior antimicrobial agent use increases the risk of sporadic infections with multidrug-resistant Salmonella enterica serotype Typhimurium: a FoodNet case-control study, 1996-1997. AN - 71843016; 15095194 AB - Several strains of multidrug-resistant (MDR) Salmonella serotype Typhimurium, including MDR S. Typhimurium definitive type 104, cause almost 10% of Salmonella infections among humans in the United States. To determine the risk factors for acquiring sporadic MDR S. Typhimurium infection, we conducted a population-based, case-control study using data from the Foodborne Diseases Active Surveillance Network (FoodNet) during 1996-1997. S. Typhimurium isolates from 5 FoodNet surveillance areas (California, Connecticut, Georgia, Minnesota, and Oregon) were tested for antimicrobial resistance and phage typing. Telephone interviews were conducted with ill persons and matched control subjects. Compared with both control subjects and patients infected with pansensitive strains of S. Typhimurium, patients with MDR S. Typhimurium infection were significantly more likely to have received an antimicrobial agent, particularly an agent to which the Salmonella isolate was resistant, during the 4 weeks preceding illness onset. Prudent antimicrobial agent use among humans and among veterinarians and food-animal producers is necessary to reduce the burden of drug-resistant salmonellosis in humans. JF - Clinical infectious diseases : an official publication of the Infectious Diseases Society of America AU - Glynn, M Kathleen AU - Reddy, Vasudha AU - Hutwagner, Lori AU - Rabatsky-Ehr, Therese AU - Shiferaw, Beletshachew AU - Vugia, Duc J AU - Segler, Suzanne AU - Bender, Jeff AU - Barrett, Timothy J AU - Angulo, Frederick J AU - Emerging Infections Program FoodNet Working Group AD - Division of Bacterial and Mycotic Disease, National Center for Infectious Disease, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia 30333, USA. kglynn@cdc.gov ; Emerging Infections Program FoodNet Working Group Y1 - 2004/04/15/ PY - 2004 DA - 2004 Apr 15 SP - S227 EP - S236 VL - 38 Suppl 3 KW - Anti-Bacterial Agents KW - 0 KW - Index Medicus KW - Information Services KW - Drug Resistance, Bacterial KW - Risk Factors KW - Humans KW - Adult KW - Case-Control Studies KW - Serotyping KW - Child KW - Adolescent KW - Male KW - Female KW - Child, Preschool KW - Salmonella Infections -- physiopathology KW - Salmonella Food Poisoning -- physiopathology KW - Anti-Bacterial Agents -- pharmacology KW - Salmonella Food Poisoning -- epidemiology KW - Salmonella typhimurium -- drug effects KW - Salmonella Infections -- epidemiology KW - Drug Resistance, Multiple UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/71843016?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Clinical+infectious+diseases+%3A+an+official+publication+of+the+Infectious+Diseases+Society+of+America&rft.atitle=Prior+antimicrobial+agent+use+increases+the+risk+of+sporadic+infections+with+multidrug-resistant+Salmonella+enterica+serotype+Typhimurium%3A+a+FoodNet+case-control+study%2C+1996-1997.&rft.au=Glynn%2C+M+Kathleen%3BReddy%2C+Vasudha%3BHutwagner%2C+Lori%3BRabatsky-Ehr%2C+Therese%3BShiferaw%2C+Beletshachew%3BVugia%2C+Duc+J%3BSegler%2C+Suzanne%3BBender%2C+Jeff%3BBarrett%2C+Timothy+J%3BAngulo%2C+Frederick+J%3BEmerging+Infections+Program+FoodNet+Working+Group&rft.aulast=Glynn&rft.aufirst=M&rft.date=2004-04-15&rft.volume=38+Suppl+3&rft.issue=&rft.spage=S227&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Clinical+infectious+diseases+%3A+an+official+publication+of+the+Infectious+Diseases+Society+of+America&rft.issn=1537-6591&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 2004-04-28 N1 - Date created - 2004-04-19 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Failure to return for HIV test results among persons at high risk for HIV infection: results from a multistate interview project. AN - 71763299; 15021316 AB - Voluntary counseling and testing is an important strategy for HIV prevention. For optimal impact, however, clients must return for HIV test results and counseling. The goal of this study was to document the frequency of self-reported failure to return for HIV test results (FTR) and associated reasons among persons at high risk for HIV infection. Respondents were recruited at gay bars (men who have sex with men [MSM]), by street intercept (injection drug users [IDUs]), or at sexually transmitted disease clinics (high-risk heterosexuals [HRHs]) in 7 US states in 2000. Self-reported history of and reasons for FTR were evaluated. FTR was commonly reported among 2241 respondents: 10% of MSM, 20% of HRHs, and 27% of IDUs reported FTR at least once. FTR was significantly (P < 0.05) more common among those with higher perceived risk of HIV infection and significantly less common among HRHs who had completed more than high school (vs. high school or General Education Development certificate) or were employed part time (vs. unemployed). About one fourth of respondents cited fear of getting test results as an important reason for FTR. Self-reported occurrences of FTR in our venue-recruited sample were similar to proportions of FTR previously reported from publicly funded venues. Increased pretest counseling on fear of learning HIV status and on the availability of rapid testing may help to reduce FTR. JF - Journal of acquired immune deficiency syndromes (1999) AU - Sullivan, Patrick S AU - Lansky, Amy AU - Drake, Amy AU - HITS-2000 Investigators AD - Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Division of HIV/AIDS Prevention-Surveillance and Epidemiology, Atlanta, GA 30333, USA. pssØ@cdc.gov ; HITS-2000 Investigators Y1 - 2004/04/15/ PY - 2004 DA - 2004 Apr 15 SP - 511 EP - 518 VL - 35 IS - 5 SN - 1525-4135, 1525-4135 KW - Index Medicus KW - AIDS/HIV KW - United States KW - Homosexuality, Male KW - Humans KW - Adult KW - AIDS Serodiagnosis KW - Interviews as Topic KW - Adolescent KW - Male KW - Female KW - Substance Abuse, Intravenous KW - Patient Acceptance of Health Care -- statistics & numerical data KW - Health Care Surveys -- statistics & numerical data KW - HIV Infections -- prevention & control KW - HIV Infections -- diagnosis UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/71763299?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+acquired+immune+deficiency+syndromes+%281999%29&rft.atitle=Failure+to+return+for+HIV+test+results+among+persons+at+high+risk+for+HIV+infection%3A+results+from+a+multistate+interview+project.&rft.au=Sullivan%2C+Patrick+S%3BLansky%2C+Amy%3BDrake%2C+Amy%3BHITS-2000+Investigators&rft.aulast=Sullivan&rft.aufirst=Patrick&rft.date=2004-04-15&rft.volume=35&rft.issue=5&rft.spage=511&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+acquired+immune+deficiency+syndromes+%281999%29&rft.issn=15254135&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 2005-09-28 N1 - Date created - 2005-08-03 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Accuracy and validity of observational estimates of wrist and forearm posture. AN - 66646179; 15204302 AB - Numerous observational methods for analysis of working posture of the wrist/forearm have been reported in the literature yet few of these methods have been validated for the accuracy of their posture classification. The present study evaluated the accuracy of estimates of working posture made by 28 experienced ergonomists using methods of scaling upper limb posture typical of those reported in the literature. Observational estimates of wrist/forearm posture of four jobs presented on video-recording were compared with posture levels measured directly with an electrogoniometer system. Ergonomists using a visual analogue scale tended to underestimate peak and average wrist extension with mean errors of -29.4% and -10.5% of the joint ROM, respectively (p<0.05). While estimates of wrist flexion, pronation and supination resulted in less bias, variability in observer error was large for all wrist postures. The probability of an analyst misclassifying the most frequently occurring posture using a three- and a six-category scale was 54 and 70%, respectively. The probability of misclassifying peak posture was 22 and 61% using a three- and a six-category scale respectively. This suggests a trade-off between the degree of precision afforded by the categorical scale and the likelihood of posture misclassification. Estimates of the temporal distribution of posture among the categories appeared to be biased towards more neutral postures than were measured for the jobs. This indicated the possibility of a trend towards underestimation of posture duration severity by the ergonomists. JF - Ergonomics AU - Lowe, Brian D AD - National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, Cincinnati, Ohio 45226, USA. blowe@cdc.gov Y1 - 2004/04/15/ PY - 2004 DA - 2004 Apr 15 SP - 527 EP - 554 VL - 47 IS - 5 SN - 0014-0139, 0014-0139 KW - Index Medicus KW - Space life sciences KW - Probability KW - Video Recording KW - Cumulative Trauma Disorders -- classification KW - Occupational Exposure -- classification KW - Humans KW - Medical Laboratory Personnel KW - Observation KW - Bias (Epidemiology) KW - Human Engineering -- methods KW - Forearm -- pathology KW - Wrist -- physiology KW - Wrist -- pathology KW - Posture -- physiology KW - Human Engineering -- instrumentation KW - Forearm -- physiology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/66646179?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Ergonomics&rft.atitle=Accuracy+and+validity+of+observational+estimates+of+wrist+and+forearm+posture.&rft.au=Lowe%2C+Brian+D&rft.aulast=Lowe&rft.aufirst=Brian&rft.date=2004-04-15&rft.volume=47&rft.issue=5&rft.spage=527&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Ergonomics&rft.issn=00140139&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 2004-08-10 N1 - Date created - 2004-06-18 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Development of a gas chromatographic test for the quantification of the biomarker 3-bromopropionic acid in human urine. AN - 71744715; 15018799 AB - An accurate and precise method was developed for the detection and quantification of 3-bromopropionic acid (3-BPA), a metabolite and biomarker for exposure to 1-bromopropane (1-BP). 1-BP is used as an industrial solvent and exposure is a health concern for industrial workers due to its toxicity. It has been associated with neurological disorders in both animals and humans. Urine sample preparation for the determination of 3-BPA consisted of liquid-liquid extraction (LLE) with ethyl acetate and silylation with N-methyl-N-[tert-butyldimethylsilyl]trifluoroacetamide (MTBSTFA). Quantification was by means of a gas chromatograph (GC) equipped with a mass selective detector (MSD) using a dimethylpolysiloxane (HP-1) capillary column and 3-chloropropionic acid was used as an internal standard in the procedure. Demonstrated accuracy and precision during this method's validation was good; recovery varied between 93 and 98% with relative standard deviations (R.D.S.) of 5.7% or less. The limit of detection (LOD) for the procedure was approximately 0.01microg/ml 3-BPA in urine. These data and other factors of the development and validation of this test method will be discussed. JF - Journal of chromatography. B, Analytical technologies in the biomedical and life sciences AU - B'Hymer, C AU - Cheever, K L AD - U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, Division of Applied Research and Technology, Taft Laboratory C-26, Cincinnati, OH 45226, USA. cbhymer@cdc.gov Y1 - 2004/04/05/ PY - 2004 DA - 2004 Apr 05 SP - 361 EP - 366 VL - 802 IS - 2 SN - 1570-0232, 1570-0232 KW - Biomarkers KW - 0 KW - Propionates KW - 3-bromopropionic acid KW - WFZ7CSR69R KW - Index Medicus KW - Sensitivity and Specificity KW - Reproducibility of Results KW - Humans KW - Reference Standards KW - Propionates -- urine KW - Biomarkers -- urine KW - Chromatography, Gas -- methods UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/71744715?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+chromatography.+B%2C+Analytical+technologies+in+the+biomedical+and+life+sciences&rft.atitle=Development+of+a+gas+chromatographic+test+for+the+quantification+of+the+biomarker+3-bromopropionic+acid+in+human+urine.&rft.au=B%27Hymer%2C+C%3BCheever%2C+K+L&rft.aulast=B%27Hymer&rft.aufirst=C&rft.date=2004-04-05&rft.volume=802&rft.issue=2&rft.spage=361&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+chromatography.+B%2C+Analytical+technologies+in+the+biomedical+and+life+sciences&rft.issn=15700232&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 2004-11-29 N1 - Date created - 2004-03-15 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Work-related roadway crashes--United States, 1992-2002. AN - 71785264; 15057191 AB - The risk for roadway crashes associated with driving or riding in a motor vehicle at work affects millions of persons in the United States. In 2001, approximately 4.2 million U.S. workers were classified as motor-vehicle operators (Bureau of Labor Statistics [BLS], unpublished data, 2001). Workers who use motor vehicles to perform their jobs include those who operate vehicles owned or leased by their employers and those who drive personal vehicles for work purposes. To characterize fatal occupational roadway crashes and identify workers at highest risk for fatality, CDC analyzed data for 1992-2002 from the Fatality Analysis Reporting System (FARS) of the National Highway Traffic Safety Administration and the Census of Fatal Occupational Injuries (CFOI) of BLS. This report summarizes the results of that analysis, which indicated that roadway crashes were the leading cause of occupational fatalities and that workers in transportation-related occupations were at highest risk. Effective strategies to prevent motor-vehicle-related crashes in the general public also can reduce work-related crashes. Employers should promote safe driving through vehicle selection and company policy. JF - MMWR. Morbidity and mortality weekly report AU - Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) AD - Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) Y1 - 2004/04/02/ PY - 2004 DA - 2004 Apr 02 SP - 260 EP - 264 VL - 53 IS - 12 KW - Index Medicus KW - Humans KW - United States -- epidemiology KW - Accidents, Traffic -- statistics & numerical data KW - Accidents, Occupational -- statistics & numerical data KW - Occupations -- statistics & numerical data UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/71785264?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=MMWR.+Morbidity+and+mortality+weekly+report&rft.atitle=Work-related+roadway+crashes--United+States%2C+1992-2002.&rft.au=Centers+for+Disease+Control+and+Prevention+%28CDC%29&rft.aulast=Centers+for+Disease+Control+and+Prevention+%28CDC%29&rft.aufirst=&rft.date=2004-04-02&rft.volume=53&rft.issue=12&rft.spage=260&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=MMWR.+Morbidity+and+mortality+weekly+report&rft.issn=1545-861X&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 2004-04-02 N1 - Date created - 2004-04-01 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Blood lead levels in residents of homes with elevated lead in tap water--District of Columbia, 2004. AN - 71783026; 15057194 AB - Lead exposure adversely affects intellectual development in young children and might increase the risk for hypertension in adults. In the District of Columbia (DC), of an estimated 130,000 residences, approximately 23,000 (18%) have lead service pipes (Daniel Lucey, MD, DC Department of Health [DCDOH], personal communication, March 24, 2004). The Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) requires water authorities to test tap water in 10-100 residences annually for lead. In March 2003, DC Water and Sewer Authority (WASA) expanded its lead-in-water testing program to homes with lead service pipes extending from the water main to the house. By late January 2004, results of the expanded water testing indicated that the majority of homes tested had water lead levels above EPA's action level of 15 parts per billion (ppb). On February 16, DCDOH requested CDC assistance to assess health effects of elevated lead levels in residential tap water. DCDOH also requested deployment of officers of the United States Public Health Service (USPHS) to assist in the investigations. This report summarizes the results of the preliminary investigations, which indicated that the elevated water lead levels might have contributed to a small increase in blood lead levels (BLLs). The investigation of elevated water lead levels is ongoing. In the interim, DCDOH has recommended that young children and pregnant and breast-feeding women refrain from drinking unfiltered tap water. JF - MMWR. Morbidity and mortality weekly report AU - Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) AD - Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) Y1 - 2004/04/02/ PY - 2004 DA - 2004 Apr 02 SP - 268 EP - 270 VL - 53 IS - 12 KW - Lead KW - 2P299V784P KW - Index Medicus KW - Infant KW - Housing KW - Humans KW - District of Columbia -- epidemiology KW - Child KW - Adolescent KW - Child, Preschool KW - Water Supply -- analysis KW - Lead Poisoning -- epidemiology KW - Lead Poisoning -- etiology KW - Lead -- analysis KW - Lead -- blood KW - Population Surveillance UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/71783026?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=MMWR.+Morbidity+and+mortality+weekly+report&rft.atitle=Blood+lead+levels+in+residents+of+homes+with+elevated+lead+in+tap+water--District+of+Columbia%2C+2004.&rft.au=Centers+for+Disease+Control+and+Prevention+%28CDC%29&rft.aulast=Centers+for+Disease+Control+and+Prevention+%28CDC%29&rft.aufirst=&rft.date=2004-04-02&rft.volume=53&rft.issue=12&rft.spage=268&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=MMWR.+Morbidity+and+mortality+weekly+report&rft.issn=1545-861X&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 2004-04-02 N1 - Date created - 2004-04-01 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Biomarkers of exposure in community settings. AN - 72017819; 15192864 AB - Biomonitoring is a valuable tool for assessing human exposures to chemical contaminants in the environment. Biomonitoring tests can be divided into biomarkers of exposure, effect, and susceptibility. In studies of community exposure to an environmental contaminant, biomarkers of exposure are most often used. The ideal biomarker should be sensitive, specific, biologically relevant, practical, inexpensive, and available. Seldom does a biomarker meet all of these criteria--most biomarkers represent a compromise of these criteria. In designing a community exposure study, consideration should also be given to the selection of the test population, the practicality of collecting biological samples, temporal or seasonal variations in exposure, the availability of background comparison ranges, and interpretation of the test results. Biomonitoring tests provide unequivocal evidence of exposure, but they do not typically identify the source of exposure. Furthermore, rarely do the test results predict a health outcome. For many chemicals, testing must be conducted soon after exposure has occurred. In spite of these limitations, the use of biomonitoring is finding wider application in many scientific disciplines. Recent advances in analytical techniques are expanding the utility of biomarker testing in public health investigations. JF - Journal of toxicology and environmental health. Part A AU - Metcalf, Susan W AU - Orloff, Kenneth G AD - Division of Health Assessment and Consultation, Agency for Toxic Substances and Disease Registry, 1600 Clifton Road, NE, Atlanta, GA 30333, USA. smetcalf@cdc.gov PY - 2004 SP - 715 EP - 726 VL - 67 IS - 8-10 SN - 1528-7394, 1528-7394 KW - Biomarkers KW - 0 KW - Hazardous Substances KW - Index Medicus KW - Sensitivity and Specificity KW - Humans KW - Biomarkers -- analysis KW - Environmental Exposure KW - Environmental Monitoring -- methods KW - Risk Assessment KW - Hazardous Substances -- toxicity UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/72017819?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+toxicology+and+environmental+health.+Part+A&rft.atitle=Biomarkers+of+exposure+in+community+settings.&rft.au=Metcalf%2C+Susan+W%3BOrloff%2C+Kenneth+G&rft.aulast=Metcalf&rft.aufirst=Susan&rft.date=2004-04-01&rft.volume=67&rft.issue=8-10&rft.spage=715&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+toxicology+and+environmental+health.+Part+A&rft.issn=15287394&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 2004-06-24 N1 - Date created - 2004-06-14 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Measurement of trihalomethanes and methyl tertiary-butyl ether in tap water using solid-phase microextraction GC-MS. AN - 71958462; 15154982 AB - The prevalence of water disinfection byproducts in drinking water supplies has raised concerns about possible health effects from chronic exposure to these compounds. To support studies exploring the relation between exposure to trihalomethanes (THMs) and health effects, we have developed an automated analytical method using headspace solid-phase microextraction coupled with capillary gas chromatography and mass spectrometry. This method quantitates trace levels of THMs (chloroform, bromodichloromethane, dibromochloromethane, and bromoform) and methyl tertiary-butyl ether in tap water. Detection limits of less than 100 ng/L for all analytes and linear ranges of three orders of magnitude are adequate for measuring the THMs in tap water samples tested from across the United States. THMs are stable for extended periods in tap water samples after quenching of residual chlorine and buffering to pH 6.5, thus enabling larger epidemiologic field studies with simplified sample collection protocols. JF - Journal of chromatographic science AU - Cardinali, Frederick L AU - Ashley, David L AU - Morrow, John C AU - Moll, Deborah M AU - Blount, Benjamin C AD - Division of Laboratory Sciences, National Center for Environmental Health, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA 30341, USA. fcardinali@cdc.gov Y1 - 2004/04// PY - 2004 DA - April 2004 SP - 200 EP - 206 VL - 42 IS - 4 SN - 0021-9665, 0021-9665 KW - Methyl Ethers KW - 0 KW - Trihalomethanes KW - methyl tert-butyl ether KW - 29I4YB3S89 KW - Index Medicus KW - Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry KW - Quality Control KW - Water Supply -- analysis KW - Methyl Ethers -- analysis KW - Trihalomethanes -- analysis UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/71958462?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+chromatographic+science&rft.atitle=Measurement+of+trihalomethanes+and+methyl+tertiary-butyl+ether+in+tap+water+using+solid-phase+microextraction+GC-MS.&rft.au=Cardinali%2C+Frederick+L%3BAshley%2C+David+L%3BMorrow%2C+John+C%3BMoll%2C+Deborah+M%3BBlount%2C+Benjamin+C&rft.aulast=Cardinali&rft.aufirst=Frederick&rft.date=2004-04-01&rft.volume=42&rft.issue=4&rft.spage=200&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+chromatographic+science&rft.issn=00219665&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 2004-07-12 N1 - Date created - 2004-05-24 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Detection of cryptosporidium antibodies in sera and oral fluids using multiplex bead assay. AN - 71954621; 15165066 AB - For the first time, a multiplex bead assay (MBA) was used to assay oral fluid and serum specimens for immunoglobulin G (IgG) antibodies to specific Cryptosporidium parvum antigens that were coupled to polystyrene beads. Recombinant C. parvum 17- and 27-kDa antigens (r17 and r27, respectively) both linked with glutathione-S-transferase (GST) fusion proteins, native 17-kDa antigen, and GST alone were each coupled to microspheres that could be differentiated based on variable amounts of internally incorporated red fluorescent dye. Initial and follow-up serum and oral fluid specimens from a 1997 cryptosporidiosis outbreak in Spokane, Washington, were incubated with the coupled beads. Antibodies bound to the coupled beads were detected using biotinylated monoclonal anti-human IgG antibody and streptavidin-labeled r-phycoerythrin. Fluorescence intensity was measured by flow cytometry. For the 3 C. parvum antigens, the median of the mean fluorescence intensity (MFI) was significantly higher (P 0.673). For the recombinant antigens used in the MBA, the MFI correlated with the response as measured by an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay that used r17 and r27 expressed without the GST fusion partner (P 0.854). MBA using sera or more conveniently collected oral fluids, especially from children, may be an option for immunodiagnosis of C. parvum infection and for prospective epidemiological studies designed to monitor infection risk. JF - The Journal of parasitology AU - Moss, Delynn M AU - Montgomery, Joel M AU - Newland, Sophie V AU - Priest, Jeffrey W AU - Lammie, Patrick J AD - Division of Parasitic Diseases, National Center for Infectious Diseases, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Public Health Service, US Department of Health and Human Services, Atlanta, Georgia 30341, USA. dmm3@cdc.gov Y1 - 2004/04// PY - 2004 DA - April 2004 SP - 397 EP - 404 VL - 90 IS - 2 SN - 0022-3395, 0022-3395 KW - Antibodies, Protozoan KW - 0 KW - Antigens, Protozoan KW - Immunoglobulin G KW - Index Medicus KW - Immunoglobulin G -- blood KW - Immunoblotting KW - Animals KW - Immunoglobulin G -- analysis KW - Washington -- epidemiology KW - Humans KW - Antigens, Protozoan -- immunology KW - Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay KW - Food Parasitology KW - Microspheres KW - Saliva -- immunology KW - Cryptosporidium parvum -- immunology KW - Cryptosporidiosis -- diagnosis KW - Cryptosporidiosis -- epidemiology KW - Antibodies, Protozoan -- analysis KW - Antibodies, Protozoan -- blood KW - Cryptosporidiosis -- immunology KW - Disease Outbreaks UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/71954621?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Journal+of+parasitology&rft.atitle=Detection+of+cryptosporidium+antibodies+in+sera+and+oral+fluids+using+multiplex+bead+assay.&rft.au=Moss%2C+Delynn+M%3BMontgomery%2C+Joel+M%3BNewland%2C+Sophie+V%3BPriest%2C+Jeffrey+W%3BLammie%2C+Patrick+J&rft.aulast=Moss&rft.aufirst=Delynn&rft.date=2004-04-01&rft.volume=90&rft.issue=2&rft.spage=397&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=The+Journal+of+parasitology&rft.issn=00223395&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 2004-06-08 N1 - Date created - 2004-05-28 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Comparison of capillary earlobe and venous blood monitoring for occupational lead surveillance. AN - 71834881; 15085080 AB - Biological monitoring for occupational lead exposure involves routine venous blood draws from exposed employees. This uncomfortable procedure normally yields more blood than what is needed for analysis. Capillary blood sampling is less invasive but introduces the possibility of surface contamination. The objective of this study was to compare venous and capillary (earlobe) blood lead samples obtained from occupationally exposed individuals. Phlebotomists trained specifically in the collection of blood samples for lead determination collected 2 venous blood samples and 2 capillary earlobe samples from each participating employee. Before the capillary draw, the employee's earlobe was cleansed with an alcohol wipe in an effort to remove potential lead contamination. A second alcohol wipe was then used to sanitize the lancing area and was retained for lead analysis. Both the venous and capillary samples were subsequently analyzed with the use of graphite furnace atomic absorption spectrometry (GFAAS). GFAAS of venous blood specimens was considered the reference method of sampling and analysis. We collected and analyzed 126 paired earlobe and venous samples. Earlobe sampling was preferred to venous sampling by 54% of the employees surveyed. The mean difference between the capillary and venous results was 38.8 +/- 48.1 microg/dL. Lead concentrations in earlobe blood were more than twice those found in venous samples in more than half of the samples (64 of 126). Despite simple cleansing with an alcohol wipe and no visible skin contamination, 94% of the wipe samples from earlobes contained more than 1 microg of lead. Even low concentrations of contamination can significantly alter the concentration of lead in the blood; for example, sample contamination of 0.3 microg lead in a 200-microL blood sample would yield an increase of 150 microg/dL in the measured lead concentration. The findings of this study suggest that until satisfactory skin cleansing and decontamination techniques are identified and evaluated, earlobe sampling should be avoided in the surveillance of occupational blood lead levels. JF - The Journal of laboratory and clinical medicine AU - Taylor, Lauralynn AU - Jones, Robert L AU - Ashley, Kevin AU - Deddens, James A AU - Kwan, Lorna AD - National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention/DHHS, 4676 Columbia Parkway, MS R-14, Cincinnati, OH 45226-1998, USA. LTaylor@cdc.gov Y1 - 2004/04// PY - 2004 DA - April 2004 SP - 217 EP - 224 VL - 143 IS - 4 SN - 0022-2143, 0022-2143 KW - Lead KW - 2P299V784P KW - Abridged Index Medicus KW - Index Medicus KW - Humans KW - Ear, External -- blood supply KW - Capillaries -- drug effects KW - Adult KW - Male KW - Female KW - Capillaries -- physiology KW - Occupational Health KW - Occupational Exposure -- prevention & control KW - Lead Poisoning -- prevention & control KW - Blood Specimen Collection -- methods KW - Lead Poisoning -- diagnosis KW - Population Surveillance -- methods KW - Occupational Exposure -- analysis KW - Lead -- blood UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/71834881?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Journal+of+laboratory+and+clinical+medicine&rft.atitle=Comparison+of+capillary+earlobe+and+venous+blood+monitoring+for+occupational+lead+surveillance.&rft.au=Taylor%2C+Lauralynn%3BJones%2C+Robert+L%3BAshley%2C+Kevin%3BDeddens%2C+James+A%3BKwan%2C+Lorna&rft.aulast=Taylor&rft.aufirst=Lauralynn&rft.date=2004-04-01&rft.volume=143&rft.issue=4&rft.spage=217&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=The+Journal+of+laboratory+and+clinical+medicine&rft.issn=00222143&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 2004-05-11 N1 - Date created - 2004-04-15 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - To make further progress against carbon monoxide poisoning, focus on motor vehicles. AN - 71809457; 15066969 JF - Injury prevention : journal of the International Society for Child and Adolescent Injury Prevention AU - Strife, B J AU - Paulozzi, L AD - National Center for Injury Prevention and Control, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia 30341, USA. Y1 - 2004/04// PY - 2004 DA - April 2004 SP - 74 EP - 75 VL - 10 IS - 2 SN - 1353-8047, 1353-8047 KW - Vehicle Emissions KW - 0 KW - Index Medicus KW - Equipment Design KW - United Kingdom -- epidemiology KW - Humans KW - United States -- epidemiology KW - Male KW - Suicide -- prevention & control KW - Vehicle Emissions -- poisoning KW - Carbon Monoxide Poisoning -- epidemiology KW - Carbon Monoxide Poisoning -- prevention & control UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/71809457?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Injury+prevention+%3A+journal+of+the+International+Society+for+Child+and+Adolescent+Injury+Prevention&rft.atitle=To+make+further+progress+against+carbon+monoxide+poisoning%2C+focus+on+motor+vehicles.&rft.au=Strife%2C+B+J%3BPaulozzi%2C+L&rft.aulast=Strife&rft.aufirst=B&rft.date=2004-04-01&rft.volume=10&rft.issue=2&rft.spage=74&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Injury+prevention+%3A+journal+of+the+International+Society+for+Child+and+Adolescent+Injury+Prevention&rft.issn=13538047&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 2004-09-01 N1 - Date created - 2004-04-06 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Crack cocaine use and adherence to antiretroviral treatment among HIV-infected black women. AN - 71804405; 15065731 AB - Since the appearance of crack cocaine in the 1980s, unprecedented numbers of women have become addicted. A disproportionate number of female crack users are Black and poor. We analyzed interview data of HIV-infected women > or = 18 years of age reported to 12 health departments between July 1997 and December 2000 to ascertain if Black women reported crack use more than other HIV-infected women and to examine the relationship between crack use and antiretroviral treatment (ART) adherence among Black women. Of 1655 HIV-infected women, 585 (35%) were nonusers of drugs, 694 (42%) were users of other drugs and 376 (23%) were crack users. Of the 1196 (72%) Black women, 306 (26%) were crack users. We used logistic regression to examine the effect of crack use on adherence to ART, controlling for age and education among Black women. In multivariate analysis, crack users and users of other drugs were less likely than non-users to take their ART medicines exactly as prescribed (odds ratio [OR] = 0.37; 95% confidence interval [CI] = 0.24-0.56), OR = 0.47; 95% CI = 0.36-0.68), respectively. HIV-infected Black women substance users, especially crack cocaine users, may require sustained treatment and counseling to help them reduce substance use and adhere to ART. JF - Journal of community health AU - Sharpe, Tanya Telfair AU - Lee, Lisa M AU - Nakashima, Allyn K AU - Elam-Evans, Laurie D AU - Fleming, Patricia L AD - National Center on Birth Defects and Developmental Disabilities/Fetal Alcohol Syndrome Prevention Team, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia 30333, USA. tsharpe2@cdc.gov Y1 - 2004/04// PY - 2004 DA - April 2004 SP - 117 EP - 127 VL - 29 IS - 2 SN - 0094-5145, 0094-5145 KW - Crack Cocaine KW - 0 KW - Index Medicus KW - Socioeconomic Factors KW - Logistic Models KW - Humans KW - Adult KW - Interviews as Topic KW - Aged KW - Middle Aged KW - United States -- epidemiology KW - Female KW - Patient Compliance -- ethnology KW - Women's Health -- ethnology KW - HIV Infections -- complications KW - Antiretroviral Therapy, Highly Active -- utilization KW - Cocaine-Related Disorders -- ethnology KW - African Americans -- psychology KW - HIV Infections -- drug therapy KW - HIV Infections -- ethnology KW - Cocaine-Related Disorders -- complications UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/71804405?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+community+health&rft.atitle=Crack+cocaine+use+and+adherence+to+antiretroviral+treatment+among+HIV-infected+black+women.&rft.au=Sharpe%2C+Tanya+Telfair%3BLee%2C+Lisa+M%3BNakashima%2C+Allyn+K%3BElam-Evans%2C+Laurie+D%3BFleming%2C+Patricia+L&rft.aulast=Sharpe&rft.aufirst=Tanya&rft.date=2004-04-01&rft.volume=29&rft.issue=2&rft.spage=117&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+community+health&rft.issn=00945145&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 2004-04-26 N1 - Date created - 2004-04-06 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Preparing for chemical terrorism: stability of injectable atropine sulfate. AN - 71796001; 15064203 AB - A massive nerve agent attack may rapidly deplete in-date supplies of atropine. The authors considered using atropine beyond its labeled shelf life. The objective was to determine the stability of premixed injectable atropine sulfate samples with different expiration dates. This was an in-vitro study using gas chromatography and mass spectrometry (GC/MS). Four atropine solutions (labeled concentration of 400 microg/mL) ranging from in date to 12 years beyond expiration (exp) and an additional sample of atropine sulfate (labeled concentration of 2,000 microg/mL) obtained from a World War II era autoinjector were assayed for atropine stability. Standards of atropine sulfate and tropine were prepared and quantified by GC/MS. Study samples were prepared by adding a buffer solution to free the base, extracting with an isopropanol/methylene chloride mixture and followed by evaporating the organic layer to dryness. Pentafluoropropionic anhydride and pentafluoropropanol were then added as derivatization reagents. Study samples were heated, the derivitization reagents were evaporated, and the remaining compound was reconstituted in ethyl acetate for injection into the GC/MS. All solutions were clear and colorless. Atropine concentrations were as follows: in date, 252 microg/mL; 2001 exp, 290 microg/mL; 1999 exp, 314 microg/mL; 1990 exp, 398 microg/mL; and WW II specimen, 1,475 microg/mL. Tropine was found in concentrations of <10 microg/mL in all study samples. Significant amounts of atropine were found in all study samples. All samples remained clear and colorless, and no substantial amount of tropine was found in any study sample. Further testing is needed to determine clinical effect. JF - Academic emergency medicine : official journal of the Society for Academic Emergency Medicine AU - Schier, Joshua G AU - Ravikumar, Padinjarekuttu R AU - Nelson, Lewis S AU - Heller, Michael B AU - Howland, Mary Ann AU - Hoffman, Robert S AD - NYC Poison Control Center, New York, NY, USA. jschier@cdc.gov Y1 - 2004/04// PY - 2004 DA - April 2004 SP - 329 EP - 334 VL - 11 IS - 4 SN - 1069-6563, 1069-6563 KW - Antidotes KW - 0 KW - Buffers KW - Chemical Warfare Agents KW - Solutions KW - Tropanes KW - Atropine KW - 7C0697DR9I KW - tropine KW - 7YXR19M72Y KW - Index Medicus KW - Drug Stability KW - Tropanes -- analysis KW - Antidotes -- supply & distribution KW - Antidotes -- chemistry KW - Solutions -- standards KW - Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry KW - Drug Storage KW - Atropine -- analysis KW - Atropine -- chemistry KW - Terrorism -- prevention & control UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/71796001?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Academic+emergency+medicine+%3A+official+journal+of+the+Society+for+Academic+Emergency+Medicine&rft.atitle=Preparing+for+chemical+terrorism%3A+stability+of+injectable+atropine+sulfate.&rft.au=Schier%2C+Joshua+G%3BRavikumar%2C+Padinjarekuttu+R%3BNelson%2C+Lewis+S%3BHeller%2C+Michael+B%3BHowland%2C+Mary+Ann%3BHoffman%2C+Robert+S&rft.aulast=Schier&rft.aufirst=Joshua&rft.date=2004-04-01&rft.volume=11&rft.issue=4&rft.spage=329&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Academic+emergency+medicine+%3A+official+journal+of+the+Society+for+Academic+Emergency+Medicine&rft.issn=10696563&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 2004-08-10 N1 - Date created - 2004-04-05 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - An analysis of rotavirus vaccine reports to the vaccine adverse event reporting system: more than intussusception alone? AN - 71795710; 15060267 AB - The rhesus-human rotavirus reassortant-tetravalent vaccine (RRV-TV) was licensed on August, 31, 1998, and subsequently recommended for routine infant immunizations in the United States. After approximately 1 million doses had been administered, an increase in acute risk of intussusception in vaccinees led to the suspension of the use of RRV-TV and its withdrawal from the market. These postmarketing safety studies focused on a single adverse event (intussusception) and, to minimize the risk of a false-positive finding, accepted only cases that met a strict case definition. Safer rotavirus vaccines are needed to prevent the substantial global morbidity and mortality caused by rotavirus infections; their development and future use may benefit from a better understanding of the postmarketing safety profile of RRV-TV beyond intussusception. To characterize more completely the postmarketing surveillance safety profile of RRV-TV more completely by review and analysis of Vaccine Adverse Event Reporting System (VAERS) case reports to better understand 1) whether severe adverse events other than intussusception may have occurred after RRV-TV and 2) the likely scope of gastrointestinal illnesses, of which the previously identified, highly specific intussusception cases may account for just a fraction. Infants vaccinated with RRV-TV and other vaccines in the United States and for whom a report was submitted to VAERS during September 1, 1998, to December 31, 1999. To detect adverse events of interest other than intussusception, we used proportional morbidity analysis to compare the adverse event profile of VAERS reports among infants who received routine vaccines including RRV-TV (after excluding confirmed and suspected intussusception reports) with infants who received identical vaccine combinations but without RRV-TV. Next, to better capture all described diagnoses, signs, and symptoms associated with the suspected adverse events, a set of new codes was developed and assigned to each VAERS report. All 448 nonfatal RRV-TV-associated reports (including intussusception) were recoded manually from the clinical description on the VAERS report and categorized into clinical groups to better describe a spectrum of reported illnesses after the vaccine. Each report was assigned to one of the following hierarchical and mutually exclusive clinical groups: 1) diagnosed intussusception; 2) suspected intussusception; 3) illness consistent with either gastroenteritis or intussusception; 4) gastroenteritis; 5) other gastrointestinal diagnoses (ie, not consistent with intussusception or rotavirus-like gastroenteritis); and 6) nongastrointestinal diagnoses. Even after excluding intussusception cases, a higher proportion of RRV-TV reports than non-RRV-TV reports included fever and various gastrointestinal symptoms, most notably bloody stool but also vomiting, diarrhea, abdominal pain, gastroenteritis, abnormal stool, and dehydration. Distribution of RRV-TV reports by clinical groups was as follows: diagnosed intussusception (109 [24%], suspected intussusception (36 [8%]), and illness consistent with gastroenteritis or intussusception (33 [7%]), gastroenteritis (101 [22%]), other gastrointestinal diagnoses (10 [2%]), and nongastrointestinal outcomes (159 [35%]). The median time interval between vaccination and illness onset decreased incrementally among the first 4 clinical groups: from 7 days for diagnosed intussusceptions to 3 days for gastroenteritis. Intussusception and gastroenteritis were the most commonly reported outcomes; however, a substantial number of reports indicate signs and symptoms consistent with either illness, possibly suggestive of a spectrum of gastrointestinal illness(es) related to RRV-TV. Although VAERS data have recognized limitations such as underreporting (that may differ by vaccine) and are nearly always insufficient to prove causality between a vaccine and an adverse event, this safety profile of RRV-TV may aid better understanding of the pathophysiology of intussusception as well as development of future safer rotavirus vaccines. JF - Pediatrics AU - Haber, Penina AU - Chen, Robert T AU - Zanardi, Lynn R AU - Mootrey, Gina T AU - English, Roseanne AU - Braun, M Miles AU - VAERS Working Group AD - National Immunization Program, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia 30333, USA. phaber@cdc.gov ; VAERS Working Group Y1 - 2004/04// PY - 2004 DA - April 2004 SP - e353 EP - e359 VL - 113 IS - 4 KW - Rotavirus Vaccines KW - 0 KW - rhesus rotavirus vaccine KW - Abridged Index Medicus KW - Index Medicus KW - United States KW - Infant KW - Fever -- etiology KW - Sudden Infant Death KW - Adverse Drug Reaction Reporting Systems KW - Humans KW - Melena -- etiology KW - Hospitalization -- statistics & numerical data KW - Rotavirus Infections -- prevention & control KW - Melena -- epidemiology KW - Gastrointestinal Diseases -- etiology KW - Rotavirus Vaccines -- adverse effects KW - Intussusception -- etiology KW - Gastrointestinal Diseases -- epidemiology KW - Intussusception -- epidemiology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/71795710?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Pediatrics&rft.atitle=An+analysis+of+rotavirus+vaccine+reports+to+the+vaccine+adverse+event+reporting+system%3A+more+than+intussusception+alone%3F&rft.au=Haber%2C+Penina%3BChen%2C+Robert+T%3BZanardi%2C+Lynn+R%3BMootrey%2C+Gina+T%3BEnglish%2C+Roseanne%3BBraun%2C+M+Miles%3BVAERS+Working+Group&rft.aulast=Haber&rft.aufirst=Penina&rft.date=2004-04-01&rft.volume=113&rft.issue=4&rft.spage=e353&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Pediatrics&rft.issn=1098-4275&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 2004-05-13 N1 - Date created - 2004-04-02 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Binge drinking and health-related quality of life: do popular perceptions match reality? AN - 71778669; 15026103 AB - Popular culture (movies, television shows, advertising) often portrays drinking to the point of intoxication as either humorous or associated with enjoyable social activities that enhance quality of life. This study examined the association between binge drinking (consuming five or more alcoholic drinks on one occasion) and health-related quality of life (HRQOL) among U.S. adults. Data are from the Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System, a continuous random-digit-dial telephone survey of adults aged >/=18 years conducted in all states. This survey included questions about alcohol consumption and HRQOL. In 2001, 52% of U.S. adults were current drinkers (one or more drinks in the past 30 days). Of current drinkers, 11% were frequent binge drinkers (three or more episodes in past month) and 14% were infrequent binge drinkers (one to two episodes in past month). After adjusting for confounding factors, frequent binge drinkers were more likely than non-binge drinkers to experience >/=14 unhealthy days (physical or mental) in the past month (adjusted odds ratio [AOR]=1.39, 95% confidence interval [CI]=1.24-1.56), primarily because they had more mentally unhealthy days than non-binge drinkers (AOR=1.52, 95% CI=1.32-1.75). Frequent binge drinking is associated with significantly worse HRQOL and mental distress, including stress, depression, and emotional problems. Effective interventions to prevent binge drinking should be widely adopted and may help improve quality of life. JF - American journal of preventive medicine AU - Okoro, Catherine A AU - Brewer, Robert D AU - Naimi, Timothy S AU - Moriarty, David G AU - Giles, Wayne H AU - Mokdad, Ali H AD - National Center for Chronic Disease Prevention and Health Promotion, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia 30341, USA. Cokoro@cdc.gov Y1 - 2004/04// PY - 2004 DA - April 2004 SP - 230 EP - 233 VL - 26 IS - 3 SN - 0749-3797, 0749-3797 KW - Index Medicus KW - Probability KW - Odds Ratio KW - Risk-Taking KW - Humans KW - Aged KW - Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System KW - Risk Assessment KW - Age Distribution KW - Life Style KW - Georgia -- epidemiology KW - Logistic Models KW - Adult KW - Health Surveys KW - Surveys and Questionnaires KW - Incidence KW - Middle Aged KW - Adolescent KW - Sex Distribution KW - Male KW - Female KW - Alcoholic Intoxication -- epidemiology KW - Quality of Life KW - Alcohol Drinking UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/71778669?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=American+journal+of+preventive+medicine&rft.atitle=Binge+drinking+and+health-related+quality+of+life%3A+do+popular+perceptions+match+reality%3F&rft.au=Okoro%2C+Catherine+A%3BBrewer%2C+Robert+D%3BNaimi%2C+Timothy+S%3BMoriarty%2C+David+G%3BGiles%2C+Wayne+H%3BMokdad%2C+Ali+H&rft.aulast=Okoro&rft.aufirst=Catherine&rft.date=2004-04-01&rft.volume=26&rft.issue=3&rft.spage=230&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=American+journal+of+preventive+medicine&rft.issn=07493797&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 2004-06-29 N1 - Date created - 2004-03-17 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Animal models for diisocyanate asthma: answers for lingering questions. AN - 71759014; 15021062 AB - Diisocyanates are the leading cause of occupational asthma, the most commonly reported lung disease associated with the workplace. Clinical studies have implicated the immune system in the pathogenesis of occupational asthma, but ethical and moral issues prevent mechanistic investigations in humans. For this reason, the development and characterization of animal models are germane to further understanding of diisocyanate occupational asthma and to identify avenues for therapeutic intervention. This review will highlight important features of existing experimental animal models with emphasis on new developments. Experimental animal models of diisocyanate occupational asthma have demonstrated an immunological basis for the disease. Mice can be sensitized by dermal or respiratory exposure, suggesting that either exposure route may be important in the workplace. Recent findings show that sensitized mice develop airway hyperreactivity and inflammation, reflective of human disease. The transfer of lymphocytes or serum from sensitized mice can cause clinical disease in naive mice. Transgenic animals have identified a role for specific immunity, including the involvement of T-helper type 1/2 responses as well as CD4 and CD8 T cells in diisocyanate occupational asthma. Recent animal models have shown that sensitization can occur through subchronic inhalation of vapor-phase diisocyanate at levels as low as 20 ppb. Recent progress using animal models has been instrumental in furthering current understanding of the involvement of the immune system in disease pathogenesis. The demonstration of diisocyanate occupational asthma in a murine model after sub-chronic inhalation exposure at relevant exposure levels should provide opportunities for more accurate risk assessment data. JF - Current opinion in allergy and clinical immunology AU - Johnson, Victor J AU - Matheson, Joanna M AU - Luster, Michael I AD - Toxicology and Molecular Biology Branch, Health Effects Laboratory Division, National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Morgantown, West Virginia 26505, USA. vjohnson3@cdc.gov Y1 - 2004/04// PY - 2004 DA - April 2004 SP - 105 EP - 110 VL - 4 IS - 2 SN - 1528-4050, 1528-4050 KW - Air Pollutants, Occupational KW - 0 KW - Allergens KW - Cyanates KW - Isocyanates KW - 1,6-hexamethylene diisocyanate KW - 0I70A3I1UF KW - 4,4'-diphenylmethane diisocyanate KW - 101-68-8 KW - Index Medicus KW - Animals KW - Humans KW - Air Pollutants, Occupational -- adverse effects KW - Occupational Diseases -- physiopathology KW - Allergens -- adverse effects KW - Occupational Diseases -- chemically induced KW - Cyanates -- adverse effects KW - Isocyanates -- adverse effects KW - Asthma -- chemically induced KW - Asthma -- physiopathology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/71759014?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Current+opinion+in+allergy+and+clinical+immunology&rft.atitle=Animal+models+for+diisocyanate+asthma%3A+answers+for+lingering+questions.&rft.au=Johnson%2C+Victor+J%3BMatheson%2C+Joanna+M%3BLuster%2C+Michael+I&rft.aulast=Johnson&rft.aufirst=Victor&rft.date=2004-04-01&rft.volume=4&rft.issue=2&rft.spage=105&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Current+opinion+in+allergy+and+clinical+immunology&rft.issn=15284050&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 2004-11-08 N1 - Date created - 2004-03-15 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Fitting characteristics of eighteen N95 filtering-facepiece respirators. AN - 66647080; 15204866 AB - Four performance measures were used to evaluate the fitting characteristics of 18 models of N95 filtering-facepiece respirators: (1) the 5th percentile simulated workplace protection factor (SWPF) value, (2) the shift average SWPF value, (3) the h-value, and (4) the assignment error. The effect of fit-testing on the level of protection provided by the respirators was also evaluated. The respirators were tested on a panel of 25 subjects with various face sizes. Simulated workplace protection factor values, determined from six total penetration (face-seal leakage plus filter penetration) tests with re-donning between each test, were used to indicate respirator performance. Five fit-tests were used: Bitrex, saccharin, generated aerosol corrected for filter penetration, PortaCount Plus corrected for filter penetration, and the PortaCount Plus with the N95-Companion accessory. Without fit-testing, the 5th percentile SWPF for all models combined was 2.9 with individual model values ranging from 1.3 to 48.0. Passing a fit-test generally resulted in an increase in protection. In addition, the h-value of each respirator was computed. The h-value has been determined to be the population fraction of individuals who will obtain an adequate level of protection (i.e., SWPF >/=10, which is the expected level of protection for half-facepiece respirators) when a respirator is selected and donned (including a user seal check) in accordance with the manufacturer's instructions without fit-testing. The h-value for all models combined was 0.74 (i.e., 74% of all donnings resulted in an adequate level of protection), with individual model h-values ranging from 0.31 to 0.99. Only three models had h-values above 0.95. Higher SWPF values were achieved by excluding SWPF values determined for test subject/respirator combinations that failed a fit-test. The improvement was greatest for respirator models with lower h-values. Using the concepts of shift average and assignment error to measure respirator performance yielded similar results. The highest level of protection was provided by passing a fit-test with a respirator having good fitting characteristics. JF - Journal of occupational and environmental hygiene AU - Coffey, Christopher C AU - Lawrence, Robert B AU - Campbell, Donald L AU - Zhuang, Ziqing AU - Calvert, Catherine A AU - Jensen, Paul A AD - National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, Division of Respiratory Disease Studies, Morgantown, West Virginia 26505-2888, USA. ccoffey@cdc.gov Y1 - 2004/04// PY - 2004 DA - April 2004 SP - 262 EP - 271 VL - 1 IS - 4 SN - 1545-9624, 1545-9624 KW - Index Medicus KW - Sensitivity and Specificity KW - Filtration KW - Equipment Design KW - Humans KW - Adult KW - Workplace KW - Materials Testing KW - Male KW - Female KW - Occupational Exposure -- prevention & control KW - Face -- anatomy & histology KW - Respiratory Protective Devices -- standards UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/66647080?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+occupational+and+environmental+hygiene&rft.atitle=Fitting+characteristics+of+eighteen+N95+filtering-facepiece+respirators.&rft.au=Coffey%2C+Christopher+C%3BLawrence%2C+Robert+B%3BCampbell%2C+Donald+L%3BZhuang%2C+Ziqing%3BCalvert%2C+Catherine+A%3BJensen%2C+Paul+A&rft.aulast=Coffey&rft.aufirst=Christopher&rft.date=2004-04-01&rft.volume=1&rft.issue=4&rft.spage=262&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+occupational+and+environmental+hygiene&rft.issn=15459624&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 2004-07-08 N1 - Date created - 2004-06-18 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - SuppNotes - Erratum In: J Occup Environ Hyg. 2004 Aug;1(8):558 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Application of the Transtheoretical Model for HIV Prevention in a Facility-Based and a Community-Level Behavioral Intervention Research Study AN - 61553940; 200504260 AB - This article describes the application of the transtheoretical model of behavior change to prevention programs for women at risk for or infected with HIV. The focus of these multisite demonstration projects was to increase condom & contraceptive use. The model was operationalized for use in the following two different intervention approaches: facility-based interventions (individual counseling for women in clinics, shelters, & drug treatment centers) & community-level interventions (including production of small media materials, street outreach, & community mobilization). The authors found that interventions derived from a complex theory can be disseminated to frontline providers who have little prior HIV education experience or academic training. They suggest that the transtheoretical model has value for the design & implementation of HIV prevention programs. 2 Tables, 2 Figures, 40 References. [Reprinted by permission of Sage Publications Inc., copyright 2004.] JF - Health Promotion Practice AU - Cabral, Rebecca J AU - Cotton, David AU - Semaan, Salaam AU - Gielen, Andrea C AD - Centers Disease Control & Prevention, Atlanta, GA rcabral@cdc.gov Y1 - 2004/04// PY - 2004 DA - April 2004 SP - 199 EP - 207 VL - 5 IS - 2 SN - 1524-8399, 1524-8399 KW - transtheoretical model KW - HIV prevention KW - behavioral intervention research KW - women KW - Prevention KW - Behavior Modification KW - Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndrome KW - Intervention KW - Females KW - article KW - 6124: health care promotion/education UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/61553940?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Asocialservices&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Health+Promotion+Practice&rft.atitle=Application+of+the+Transtheoretical+Model+for+HIV+Prevention+in+a+Facility-Based+and+a+Community-Level+Behavioral+Intervention+Research+Study&rft.au=Cabral%2C+Rebecca+J%3BCotton%2C+David%3BSemaan%2C+Salaam%3BGielen%2C+Andrea+C&rft.aulast=Cabral&rft.aufirst=Rebecca&rft.date=2004-04-01&rft.volume=5&rft.issue=2&rft.spage=199&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Health+Promotion+Practice&rft.issn=15248399&rft_id=info:doi/10.1177%2F1524839903258765 LA - English DB - Social Services Abstracts N1 - Date revised - 2007-05-01 N1 - Number of references - 40 N1 - Last updated - 2016-09-28 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndrome; Intervention; Prevention; Behavior Modification; Females DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1524839903258765 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Understanding the Patient's Perspective on Rapid and Routine HIV Testing in an Inner-City Urgent Care Center AN - 61332446; 200404580 AB - The purpose of this study was to explore patient perspectives of rapid & routine HIV-testing in an urgent care center at an urban public hospital. We conducted structured focus groups during a clinical trial comparing routinely offered rapid HIV-testing, routinely offered enzyme immunoassay (EIA) testing, & conventional EIA testing. Participants of the six focus groups were 89% African American, 60% uninsured, & had a low educational status. Four independent coders analyzed the data using iterative content analysis. Rapid testing was preferred to EIA testing because it reduced the need for a return visit & stress of waiting for test results, though there were concerns about accuracy. Participants supported routinely offering testing, but there were concerns about privacy & cost. Fear & stigma were common reasons for refusing testing & not returning for results. Distrust & misconceptions about HIV, particularly regarding the importance of testing, were very common. 1 Table, 1 Figure, 34 References. Adapted from the source document. JF - AIDS Education and Prevention AU - Hutchinson, Angela B AU - Corbie-Smith, Giselle AU - Thomas, Stephen B AU - Mohanan, Sveta AU - Del Rio, Carolos AD - Centers Disease Control & Prevention, Atlanta, GA ahutchinson@cdc.gov Y1 - 2004/04// PY - 2004 DA - April 2004 SP - 101 EP - 114 VL - 16 IS - 2 SN - 0899-9546, 0899-9546 KW - Central Cities KW - Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndrome KW - Tests KW - Patients KW - Hospitals KW - Health Care Services KW - article KW - 6126: acquired immune deficiency syndrome (AIDS) UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/61332446?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Asocialservices&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=AIDS+Education+and+Prevention&rft.atitle=Understanding+the+Patient%27s+Perspective+on+Rapid+and+Routine+HIV+Testing+in+an+Inner-City+Urgent+Care+Center&rft.au=Hutchinson%2C+Angela+B%3BCorbie-Smith%2C+Giselle%3BThomas%2C+Stephen+B%3BMohanan%2C+Sveta%3BDel+Rio%2C+Carolos&rft.aulast=Hutchinson&rft.aufirst=Angela&rft.date=2004-04-01&rft.volume=16&rft.issue=2&rft.spage=101&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=AIDS+Education+and+Prevention&rft.issn=08999546&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - Social Services Abstracts N1 - Date revised - 2007-10-30 N1 - Number of references - 34 N1 - Last updated - 2016-09-28 N1 - CODEN - AEPREO N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Tests; Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndrome; Health Care Services; Central Cities; Hospitals; Patients ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Ranking of Cities According to Public Health Criteria: Pitfalls and Opportunities AN - 19934897; 6019605 AB - Popular magazines often rank cities in terms of various aspects of quality of life. Such ranking studies can motivate people to visit or relocate to a particular city or increase the frequency with which they engage in healthy behaviors. With careful consideration of study design and data limitations, these efforts also can assist policymakers in identifying local public health issues. We discuss considerations in interpreting ranking studies that use environmental measures of a city population's public health related to physical activity, nutrition, and obesity. Ranking studies such as those commonly publicized are constrained by statistical methodology issues and a lack of a scientific basis in regard to design. JF - American Journal of Public Health AU - Ham, SA AU - Levin, S AU - Zlot, AI AU - Andrews, R R AU - Miles, R AD - Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Physical Activity and Health Branch, 4770 Buford Hwy NE, Mail Stop K-46, Atlanta, GA 30341, USA, sham@cdc.gov Y1 - 2004/04/01/ PY - 2004 DA - 2004 Apr 01 SP - 546 EP - 549 VL - 94 IS - 4 SN - 0090-0036, 0090-0036 KW - urban policy KW - Sustainability Science Abstracts; Human Population KW - Planning KW - Population structure KW - Urban environments KW - Quality of life KW - Public health KW - M3 1010:Issues in Sustainable Development KW - M1 125:Population Health-Environment Relations UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/19934897?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Assamodule&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=American+Journal+of+Public+Health&rft.atitle=Ranking+of+Cities+According+to+Public+Health+Criteria%3A+Pitfalls+and+Opportunities&rft.au=Ham%2C+SA%3BLevin%2C+S%3BZlot%2C+AI%3BAndrews%2C+R+R%3BMiles%2C+R&rft.aulast=Ham&rft.aufirst=SA&rft.date=2004-04-01&rft.volume=94&rft.issue=4&rft.spage=546&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=American+Journal+of+Public+Health&rft.issn=00900036&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2004-09-01 N1 - Last updated - 2015-03-24 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Planning; Population structure; Public health; Quality of life; Urban environments ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Research article: Risk to self versus risk to others How do older drivers compare to others on the road? AN - 19640400; 8790631 AB - Background: The objective of this study was to assess the risk of death or nonfatal injury drivers aged >=65 pose to themselves and to other road users as compared with drivers in younger age groups. Methods Crash-related deaths and injuries were separated into two categories: those occurring among the drivers themselves, and those occurring among others, such as passengers, bicyclists, or pedestrians. Results The number of deaths among others varied by driver's age, with deaths among others decreasing as the driver's age increased. The proportion of deaths among others compared with deaths among drivers also varied by age. For drivers in the youngest three age groups, about two thirds of the deaths were among others (ages 16 to 19, 63.1%; ages 20 to 34, 68.1%; and ages 35 to 59, 66.6%). This proportion declined with age, reaching a low among drivers aged >=85 years (ages 60 to 74, 52.2%, ages 75 to 84, 37.9%, ages >=85, 18.9%). When calculating deaths among others per 100 million miles driven, crashes among young (16 to 19) and older (aged >74) drivers were associated with more deaths to others than were crashes among drivers aged 20 to 74. The number of nonfatal injuries among others also declined as age of the driver increased. The number of injuries among others per 100 million miles driven was highest among the youngest (16 to 19) and oldest (>=85) drivers. Conclusions Our findings suggest that older drivers make relatively small contributions to crash-related morbidity and mortality; moreover, their contributions are generally a result of injuries to self rather than to others. JF - American Journal of Preventive Medicine AU - Dellinger, Ann M AU - Kresnow, Marcie-jo AU - White, Dionne D AU - Sehgal, Meena AD - National Center for Injury Prevention and Control, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia, USA, amd1@cdc.gov Y1 - 2004/04// PY - 2004 DA - Apr 2004 SP - 217 EP - 221 PB - Elsevier Science, The Boulevard Langford Lane Kidlington Oxford OX5 1GB UK, [mailto:nlinfo-f@elsevier.nl], [URL:http://www.elsevier.nl] VL - 26 IS - 3 SN - 0749-3797, 0749-3797 KW - Risk Abstracts KW - age groups KW - Mortality KW - Age KW - Injuries KW - pedestrians KW - Morbidity KW - Accidents KW - traffic safety KW - R2 23060:Medical and environmental health UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/19640400?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Ariskabstracts&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=American+Journal+of+Preventive+Medicine&rft.atitle=Research+article%3A+Risk+to+self+versus+risk+to+others+How+do+older+drivers+compare+to+others+on+the+road%3F&rft.au=Dellinger%2C+Ann+M%3BKresnow%2C+Marcie-jo%3BWhite%2C+Dionne+D%3BSehgal%2C+Meena&rft.aulast=Dellinger&rft.aufirst=Ann&rft.date=2004-04-01&rft.volume=26&rft.issue=3&rft.spage=217&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=American+Journal+of+Preventive+Medicine&rft.issn=07493797&rft_id=info:doi/10.1016%2Fj.amepre.2003.10.021 LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2009-02-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-14 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Age; Mortality; Injuries; traffic safety; Accidents; age groups; pedestrians; Morbidity DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.amepre.2003.10.021 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Research and practice methods: Why population attributable fractions can sum to more than one AN - 19637256; 8790636 AB - Background: Population attributable fractions (PAFs) are useful for estimating the proportion of disease cases that could be prevented if risk factors were reduced or eliminated. For diseases with multiple risk factors, PAFs of individual risk factors can sum to more than 1, a result suggesting the impossible situation in which more than 100% of cases are preventable. Methods A hypothetical example in which risk factors for a disease were eliminated in different sequences was analyzed to show why PAFs can sum to more than 1. Results PAF estimates assume each risk factor is the first to be eliminated, thereby describing mutually exclusive scenarios that are illogical to sum, except under special circumstances. PAFs can sum to more than 1 because some individuals with more than one risk factor can have disease prevented in more than one way, and the prevented cases of these individuals could be counted more than once. Upper and lower limits of sequential attributable fractions (SAFs) can be calculated to describe the maximum and minimum proportions of the original number of disease cases that would be prevented if a particular risk factor were eliminated. Conclusions Improved descriptions of the assumptions that underlie the PAF calculations, use of SAF limits, or multivariable PAFs would help avoid unrealistic estimates of the disease burden that would be prevented after resources are expended to reduce or eliminate multiple risk factors. JF - American Journal of Preventive Medicine AU - Rowe, Alexander K AU - Powell, Kenneth E AU - Flanders, W Dana AD - Division of Adult and Community Health, National Center for Chronic Disease Prevention and Health Promotion, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (Rowe), Atlanta, Georgia, USA, axr9@cdc.gov Y1 - 2004/04// PY - 2004 DA - Apr 2004 SP - 243 EP - 249 PB - Elsevier Science, The Boulevard Langford Lane Kidlington Oxford OX5 1GB UK, [mailto:nlinfo-f@elsevier.nl], [URL:http://www.elsevier.nl] VL - 26 IS - 3 SN - 0749-3797, 0749-3797 KW - Risk Abstracts KW - Population studies KW - Risk reduction KW - Research programs KW - R2 23060:Medical and environmental health UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/19637256?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Ariskabstracts&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=American+Journal+of+Preventive+Medicine&rft.atitle=Research+and+practice+methods%3A+Why+population+attributable+fractions+can+sum+to+more+than+one&rft.au=Rowe%2C+Alexander+K%3BPowell%2C+Kenneth+E%3BFlanders%2C+W+Dana&rft.aulast=Rowe&rft.aufirst=Alexander&rft.date=2004-04-01&rft.volume=26&rft.issue=3&rft.spage=243&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=American+Journal+of+Preventive+Medicine&rft.issn=07493797&rft_id=info:doi/10.1016%2Fj.amepre.2003.12.007 LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2009-02-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-14 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Population studies; Research programs; Risk reduction DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.amepre.2003.12.007 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Research article: Risk behaviors and healthcare coverage among adults by frequent mental distress status, 2001 AN - 19636907; 8790630 AB - Background: Given the increased emphasis on chronic diseases in the United States, physicians and health survey analysts are now gathering information on patients'subjective measures of health, also known as health-related quality-of-life measures. Studies indicate that these measures can be more powerful predictors of chronic disease-related morbidity and mortality than objective measures. Methods The Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System (BRFSS) is an ongoing, state-based, random-digit-dialed telephone survey of the non-institutionalized U.S. population aged 18 years or older. This study examined frequent mental distress (FMD), defined as self-reported 14 or more mentally unhealthy days in the past 30 days, and its association with adverse health behaviors and lack of healthcare coverage. Results In 2001, approximately 10% of adults reported FMD. Persons reporting FMD had a higher prevalence of smoking, drinking heavily, physical inactivity, and obesity than did persons without FMD. They were also more often without healthcare coverage. In addition, persons with FMD were more likely to engage in multiple adverse behaviors than were persons without FMD. Conclusions Persons reporting FMD are at higher risk of chronic diseases because they engage in risky health behaviors and lack healthcare coverage. This study provides further support that mental health screening as well as physical health screening is important in clinical practice. Further research is needed to identify therapeutic or mental health-promoting interventions to reduce mental distress and reinforce healthy behaviors. JF - American Journal of Preventive Medicine AU - Strine, Tara W AU - Balluz, Lina AU - Chapman, Daniel P AU - Moriarty, David G AU - Owens, Michelle AU - Mokdad, Ali H AD - Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia, USA, tws2@cdc.gov Y1 - 2004/04// PY - 2004 DA - Apr 2004 SP - 213 EP - 216 PB - Elsevier Science, The Boulevard Langford Lane Kidlington Oxford OX5 1GB UK, [mailto:nlinfo-f@elsevier.nl], [URL:http://www.elsevier.nl] VL - 26 IS - 3 SN - 0749-3797, 0749-3797 KW - Risk Abstracts KW - Mortality KW - obesity KW - Morbidity KW - Smoking KW - USA KW - Behavior KW - Health care KW - intervention KW - health promotion KW - quality of life KW - physical activity KW - R2 23060:Medical and environmental health UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/19636907?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Ariskabstracts&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=American+Journal+of+Preventive+Medicine&rft.atitle=Research+article%3A+Risk+behaviors+and+healthcare+coverage+among+adults+by+frequent+mental+distress+status%2C+2001&rft.au=Strine%2C+Tara+W%3BBalluz%2C+Lina%3BChapman%2C+Daniel+P%3BMoriarty%2C+David+G%3BOwens%2C+Michelle%3BMokdad%2C+Ali+H&rft.aulast=Strine&rft.aufirst=Tara&rft.date=2004-04-01&rft.volume=26&rft.issue=3&rft.spage=213&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=American+Journal+of+Preventive+Medicine&rft.issn=07493797&rft_id=info:doi/10.1016%2Fj.amepre.2003.11.002 LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2009-02-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-14 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - USA; Health care; Morbidity; Mortality; quality of life; intervention; health promotion; obesity; Behavior; Smoking; physical activity DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.amepre.2003.11.002 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Prevalence and diversity of Bartonella in rodents of northern Thailand: A comparison with Bartonella in rodents from southern China AN - 17994462; 5937296 AB - We report results of the first study to investigate the distribution and diversity of Bartonella in rodents from Thailand. Whole blood from 195 rodents, representing six species, was tested for the presence of Bartonella species using standard culture techniques. Isolates were obtained from 17 (8.7%) of the samples, and 14 of those isolates represented distinct strains, based upon partial sequencing of the citrate synthase (gltA) gene. Phylogenetic analysis of the isolates and other Bartonella species indicated that five unique isolates from Bandicota indica form a cluster that may represent a new Bartonella species. Two additional isolates from B. indica clustered together, and were nearly identical to an isolate from Apodemus draco collected in southern China. Importantly, a number of the isolates from Thailand rodents are closely related to B. grahamii and B. elizabethae, species which have been associated with human illness. JF - American Journal of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene AU - Castle, K T AU - Kosoy, M AU - Lerdthusnee, K AU - Phelan, L AU - Bai, Ying AU - Gage, K L AU - Leepitakrat, W AU - Monkanna, T AU - Khlaimanee, N AU - Chandranoi, K AU - Jones, J W AU - Coleman, R E AD - Bacterial Zoonoses Branch, Division of Vector-Borne Infectious Diseases, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, PO Box 2087, Rampart Road, Foothills Campus, Fort Collins, CO 80522, USA, mck3@cdc.gov Y1 - 2004/04// PY - 2004 DA - Apr 2004 SP - 429 EP - 433 VL - 70 IS - 4 SN - 0002-9637, 0002-9637 KW - rodents KW - Microbiology Abstracts B: Bacteriology KW - Phylogeny KW - Blood KW - gltA gene KW - Animal isolates KW - Thailand KW - Bartonella KW - Citrate (si)-synthase KW - China, People's Rep. KW - Surveillance KW - J 02862:Infection UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/17994462?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologyb&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=American+Journal+of+Tropical+Medicine+and+Hygiene&rft.atitle=Prevalence+and+diversity+of+Bartonella+in+rodents+of+northern+Thailand%3A+A+comparison+with+Bartonella+in+rodents+from+southern+China&rft.au=Castle%2C+K+T%3BKosoy%2C+M%3BLerdthusnee%2C+K%3BPhelan%2C+L%3BBai%2C+Ying%3BGage%2C+K+L%3BLeepitakrat%2C+W%3BMonkanna%2C+T%3BKhlaimanee%2C+N%3BChandranoi%2C+K%3BJones%2C+J+W%3BColeman%2C+R+E&rft.aulast=Castle&rft.aufirst=K&rft.date=2004-04-01&rft.volume=70&rft.issue=4&rft.spage=429&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=American+Journal+of+Tropical+Medicine+and+Hygiene&rft.issn=00029637&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Bartonella; Thailand; China, People's Rep.; Animal isolates; Citrate (si)-synthase; gltA gene; Phylogeny; Blood; Surveillance ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Visual contrast sensitivity testing: A comparison of two F.A.C.T. test types AN - 17993938; 5932486 AB - Measures of visual contrast sensitivity (VCS), rather than traditional measures of visual acuity using high-contrast stimuli, have been presented as better appraisals of visual dysfunction resulting from chemical exposures. The present study sought to determine if differences exist between two available measures of contrast sensitivity that use similar stimuli, specifically, a hand-held chart and an Optec 1000 vision tester. Monocular contrast sensitivity measures using both tests were obtained from 45 individuals as part of a NIOSH neurobehavioral test-battery appraisal. Test-retest reliability was found to be high for both the hand-held system and the Optec 1000 test (r=.750 and .773, respectively). In comparison to the automated test, the hand-held version produced statistically significant higher contrast sensitivity scores for lower spatial frequencies (1.5 and 3.0 cycles per degree) and lower scores for a relatively higher spatial frequency (18.0 cycles per degree [cpd]). Consequently, this study documents a difference in spatial frequency scores obtained with the hand-held form and Optec 1000 form of contrast sensitivity test, and attributes these differences to design characteristics affecting viewing. It is concluded that caution should be taken when making absolute comparisons of contrast sensitivity test scores between neurobehavioral studies that have used different forms of VCS testing. JF - Neurotoxicology and Teratology AU - Hitchcock, E M AU - Dick, R B AU - Krieg, E F AD - U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, Division of Applied Research and Technology, 4676 Columbia Parkway, MS C-24, Cincinnati, OH 45226-1998, USA, EHitchcock@cdc.gov Y1 - 2004/04// PY - 2004 DA - Apr 2004 SP - 271 EP - 277 PB - Elsevier Inc. VL - 26 IS - 2 SN - 0892-0362, 0892-0362 KW - CSA Neurosciences Abstracts; Toxicology Abstracts KW - Sensitivity KW - Visual perception KW - Toxicity testing KW - N3 11101:General KW - X 24221:Toxicity testing UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/17993938?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxicologyabstracts&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Neurotoxicology+and+Teratology&rft.atitle=Visual+contrast+sensitivity+testing%3A+A+comparison+of+two+F.A.C.T.+test+types&rft.au=Hitchcock%2C+E+M%3BDick%2C+R+B%3BKrieg%2C+E+F&rft.aulast=Hitchcock&rft.aufirst=E&rft.date=2004-04-01&rft.volume=26&rft.issue=2&rft.spage=271&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Neurotoxicology+and+Teratology&rft.issn=08920362&rft_id=info:doi/10.1016%2Fj.ntt.2003.10.007 LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Toxicity testing; Visual perception; Sensitivity DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ntt.2003.10.007 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Semiautomated High-Throughput Extraction and Cleanup Method for the Measurement of Polybrominated Diphenyl Ethers, Polybrominated Biphenyls, and Polychlorinated Biphenyls in Human Serum AN - 17987369; 5937141 AB - A semiautomated extraction and cleanup method has been developed for the measurement of eight polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDEs), 2,2',4,4',5,5'-hexabromobiphenyl (BB-153) and 2,2',4,4',5,5'-hexachlorobiphenyl (CB-153). The method employs automated addition of internal standards ( super(13)C-labeled), addition of formic acid (denaturation agent), and dilution with water prior to automated overnight extraction using a modular solid-phase extraction (SPE) system. Removal of coextracted biogenic materials was performed on a two-layered 3-mL disposable cartridge containing activated silica gel and a mixture of silica gel and sulfuric acid. Sample cleanup was automated using the same modular SPE system. Reproducibility and precision of the liquid handler used for internal standard additions were shown to be 2 and 4%, respectively. Overall reproducibility during processing of eight batches of samples (N = 30/batch, including methods blanks) was below 10% for most analytes. Mean recoveries of the super(13)C-labeled internal standards ranged from 69 to 95% for the seven monitored PBDEs; 76 and 98% were recovered for BB-153 and CB-153, respectively. JF - Analytical Chemistry (Washington) AU - Sjoedin, A AU - Jones, R S AU - Lapeza, C R AU - Focant, J-F AU - McGahee, EE III AU - Patterson, DG Jr AD - Organic Analytical Toxicology (OAT), Division of Laboratory Sciences (DLS), National Center for Environmental Health (NCEH), Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), 4770 Buford Highway Northeast Mail Stop F-17, Atlanta, Georgia 30341, USA Y1 - 2004/04/01/ PY - 2004 DA - 2004 Apr 01 SP - 1921 EP - 1927 VL - 76 IS - 7 SN - 0003-2700, 0003-2700 KW - man KW - Toxicology Abstracts KW - polybrominated diphenyl ethers KW - Determination KW - Serum KW - polybrominated biphenyls KW - PCB KW - Methodology KW - X 24190:Polycyclic hydrocarbons KW - X 24222:Analytical procedures UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/17987369?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxicologyabstracts&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Analytical+Chemistry+%28Washington%29&rft.atitle=Semiautomated+High-Throughput+Extraction+and+Cleanup+Method+for+the+Measurement+of+Polybrominated+Diphenyl+Ethers%2C+Polybrominated+Biphenyls%2C+and+Polychlorinated+Biphenyls+in+Human+Serum&rft.au=Sjoedin%2C+A%3BJones%2C+R+S%3BLapeza%2C+C+R%3BFocant%2C+J-F%3BMcGahee%2C+EE+III%3BPatterson%2C+DG+Jr&rft.aulast=Sjoedin&rft.aufirst=A&rft.date=2004-04-01&rft.volume=76&rft.issue=7&rft.spage=1921&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Analytical+Chemistry+%28Washington%29&rft.issn=00032700&rft_id=info:doi/10.1021%2Fac030381%2B LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Last updated - 2015-03-24 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - polybrominated diphenyl ethers; Serum; Determination; polybrominated biphenyls; PCB; Methodology DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/ac030381+ ER - TY - JOUR T1 - The Prevalence of Bisexual and Homosexual Orientation and Related Health Risks Among Adolescents in Northern Thailand AN - 17952513; 5892418 AB - Homo- or bisexual (HB) adolescents may have greater and different health risks than the population of heterosexual adolescents. We assessed sexual orientation and health risk behaviors in 1,725 consenting 15- to 21-year-old vocational school students in northern Thailand. Data were collected using audio-computer-assisted self-interviewing. Nine percent of males and 11.2% of females identified themselves as homo- or bisexual. HB males had an earlier mean age at sexual debut (14.7 years) and a higher mean number of lifetime sexual partners (7.9) than did heterosexual males (16.8 years and 5.8 partners, respectively). HB males (25.9%) and females (32.2%) were sexually coerced more often than were heterosexual males (4.6%) and females (19.6%). Drug use was reported significantly more frequently by HB females and significantly less frequently by HB males than by their heterosexual counterparts. HB males showed more signs of social isolation and depression than did heterosexual males. We conclude that HB adolescents in northern Thailand are at greater and different health risks than are their heterosexual counterparts. Differential health education messages for HB and heterosexual youth are warranted. JF - Archives of Sexual Behavior AU - van Griensven, F AU - Kilmarx, PH AU - Jeeyapant, S AU - Manopaiboon, C AU - Korattana, S AU - Jenkins, R A AU - Uthaivoravit, W AU - Limpakarnjanarat, K AU - Mastro, T D AD - Thailand MOPH-U.S. CDC Collaboration, Nonthaburi, Thailand, fav1@cdc.gov Y1 - 2004/04// PY - 2004 DA - Apr 2004 SP - 137 EP - 147 VL - 33 IS - 2 SN - 0004-0002, 0004-0002 KW - HIV KW - Risk Abstracts KW - sexual behavior KW - Human immunodeficiency virus KW - Thailand KW - homosexuality KW - bisexuality KW - Adolescents KW - R2 23060:Medical and environmental health UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/17952513?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Ariskabstracts&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Archives+of+Sexual+Behavior&rft.atitle=The+Prevalence+of+Bisexual+and+Homosexual+Orientation+and+Related+Health+Risks+Among+Adolescents+in+Northern+Thailand&rft.au=van+Griensven%2C+F%3BKilmarx%2C+PH%3BJeeyapant%2C+S%3BManopaiboon%2C+C%3BKorattana%2C+S%3BJenkins%2C+R+A%3BUthaivoravit%2C+W%3BLimpakarnjanarat%2C+K%3BMastro%2C+T+D&rft.aulast=van+Griensven&rft.aufirst=F&rft.date=2004-04-01&rft.volume=33&rft.issue=2&rft.spage=137&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Archives+of+Sexual+Behavior&rft.issn=00040002&rft_id=info:doi/10.1023%2FB%3AASEB.0000014328.49070.8c LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Human immunodeficiency virus; Thailand; Adolescents; sexual behavior; bisexuality; homosexuality DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/B:ASEB.0000014328.49070.8c ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Extract of the seed coat of Tamarindus indica inhibits nitric oxide production by murine macrophages in vitro and in vivo AN - 17906867; 5859485 AB - The seed coat extract of Tamarindus indica, a polyphenolic flavonoid, has been shown to have antioxidant properties. The present studies investigated the inhibitory effect of the seed coat extract of T. indica on nitric oxide production in vitro using a murine macrophage-like cell line, RAW 264.7, and in vitro and in vivo using freshly isolated B6C3F1 mouse peritoneal macrophages. In vitro exposure of RAW 264.7 cells or peritoneal macrophages to 0.2-200 mu g/mL of T. indica extract significantly attenuated (as much as 68%) nitric oxide production induced by lipopolysaccharide (LPS) and interferon gamma (IFN- gamma ) in a concentration-dependent manner. In vivo administration of T. indica extract (100-500 mg/kg) to B6C3F1 mice dose-dependently suppressed TPA, LPS and/or IFN- gamma induced production of nitric oxide in isolated mouse peritoneal macrophages in the absence of any effect on body weight. Exposure to T. indica extract had no effect on cell viability as assessed by the MTT assay. In B6C3F1 mice, preliminary safety studies demonstrated a decrease in body weight at only the highest dose tested (1000 mg/kg) without alterations in hematology, serum chemistry or selected organ weights or effects on NK cell activity. A significant decrease in body weight was observed in BALB/c mice exposed to concentrations of extract of 250 mg/kg or higher. Oral exposure of BALB/c mice to T. indica extract did not modulate the development of T cell- mediated sensitization to DNFB or HCA as measured by the local lymph node assay, or dermal irritation to nonanoic acid or DNFB. These studies suggest that in mice, T. indica extract at concentrations up to 500 mg/kg may modulate nitric oxide production in the absence of overt acute toxicity. JF - Food and Chemical Toxicology AU - Komutarin, T AU - Azadi, S AU - Butterworth, L AU - Keil, D AU - Chitsomboon, B AU - Suttajit, M AU - Meade, B J AD - School of Biology, Institute of Science, Suranaree University of Technology, Nakhon Ratchasima 30000, Thailand, bhms@cdc.gov Y1 - 2004/04// PY - 2004 DA - Apr 2004 SP - 649 EP - 658 PB - Elsevier Science Ltd., Pergamon, P.O. Box 800 Kidlington Oxford OX5 1DX UK, [mailto:nlinfo-f@elsevier.nl], [URL:http://www.elsevier.nl] VL - 42 IS - 4 SN - 0278-6915, 0278-6915 KW - extracts KW - mice KW - inhibition KW - Toxicology Abstracts KW - Macrophages KW - Seeds KW - Nitric oxide KW - Tamarindus indica KW - X 24172:Plants UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/17906867?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxicologyabstracts&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Food+and+Chemical+Toxicology&rft.atitle=Extract+of+the+seed+coat+of+Tamarindus+indica+inhibits+nitric+oxide+production+by+murine+macrophages+in+vitro+and+in+vivo&rft.au=Komutarin%2C+T%3BAzadi%2C+S%3BButterworth%2C+L%3BKeil%2C+D%3BChitsomboon%2C+B%3BSuttajit%2C+M%3BMeade%2C+B+J&rft.aulast=Komutarin&rft.aufirst=T&rft.date=2004-04-01&rft.volume=42&rft.issue=4&rft.spage=649&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Food+and+Chemical+Toxicology&rft.issn=02786915&rft_id=info:doi/10.1016%2Fj.fct.2003.12.001 LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Tamarindus indica; Seeds; Nitric oxide; Macrophages DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.fct.2003.12.001 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Prevalence of Escherichia coli O157:H7 in White-Tailed Deer from Louisiana AN - 17796984; 6119750 AB - Escherichia coli O157:H7 (EC O157) is an important zoonosis. White- tailed deer (Odocoileus virginianus) have been implicated in transmission of this bacterium to humans and have been suggested as reservoirs that might affect carriage in cattle populations. Our study objectives were to estimate prevalence of EC O157 in feces of hunter-harvested deer and to describe fecal shedding patterns in a captive herd sampled over 1 yr. Prevalence of EC O157 in hunter- harvested deer was 0.3% (n=338). In August 2001, EC O157 was detected in one of 55 deer (1.8%) from the captive herd. Prevalence over the 1-yr period was 0.4% (n=226). Escherichia coli O157:H7 was rarely isolated from hunter- harvested deer during the winter. We could not describe a seasonal shedding pattern based on one positive sample in the captive herd. These data do not support a prominent role of deer as a reservoir for EC O157 for cattle or humans. JF - Journal of Wildlife Diseases AU - Dunn, John R AU - Keen, James E AU - Moreland, David AU - Thompson, RAlex AD - Louisiana State University, School of Veterinary Medicine, Skip Bertman Drive, Baton Rouge, Louisiana 70803, USA, Jdunn1@cdc.gov Y1 - 2004/04// PY - 2004 DA - Apr 2004 SP - 361 EP - 365 PB - Allen Press, Inc., 810 East Tenth St. Lawrence KS 66044 USA, [mailto:webmaster@allenpress.com], [URL:http://www.allenpress.com] VL - 40 IS - 2 SN - 0090-3558, 0090-3558 KW - Cattle KW - man KW - White-tailed deer KW - Microbiology Abstracts B: Bacteriology KW - Odocoileus virginianus KW - Wildlife KW - Disease reservoirs KW - USA, Louisiana KW - Escherichia coli KW - Feces KW - Disease transmission KW - J 02861:Microflora UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/17796984?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologyb&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Wildlife+Diseases&rft.atitle=Prevalence+of+Escherichia+coli+O157%3AH7+in+White-Tailed+Deer+from+Louisiana&rft.au=Dunn%2C+John+R%3BKeen%2C+James+E%3BMoreland%2C+David%3BThompson%2C+RAlex&rft.aulast=Dunn&rft.aufirst=John&rft.date=2004-04-01&rft.volume=40&rft.issue=2&rft.spage=361&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+Wildlife+Diseases&rft.issn=00903558&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Escherichia coli; Odocoileus virginianus; USA, Louisiana; Feces; Disease reservoirs; Disease transmission; Wildlife ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Natural and technologic hazardous material releases during and after natural disasters: a review AN - 17204194; 6906221 AB - Natural disasters may be powerful and prominent mechanisms of direct and indirect hazardous material (hazmat) releases. Hazardous materials that are released as the result of a technologic malfunction precipitated by a natural event are referred to as natural-technologic or na-tech events. Na-tech events pose unique environmental and human hazards. Disaster-associated hazardous material releases are of concern, given increases in population density and accelerating industrial development in areas subject to natural disasters. These trends increase the probability of catastrophic future disasters and the potential for mass human exposure to hazardous materials released during disasters. This systematic review summarizes direct and indirect disaster-associated releases, as well as environmental contamination and adverse human health effects that have resulted from natural disaster-related hazmat incidents. Thorough examination of historic disaster-related hazmat releases can be used to identify future threats and improve mitigation and prevention efforts. JF - Science of the Total Environment AU - Young, Stacy AU - Balluz, Lina AU - Malilay, Josephine AD - Health Studies Branch, Division of Environmental Hazards and Health Effects, National Center for Environmental Health, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, 1600 Clifton Road, NE (Mailstop E-23), Atlanta, GA 30333, USA, say5@cdc.gov Y1 - 2004/04// PY - 2004 DA - Apr 2004 SP - 3 EP - 20 PB - Elsevier Science B.V., P.O. Box 211 Amsterdam 1000 AE Netherlands, [mailto:nlinfo-f@elsevier.nl], [URL:http://www.elsevier.nl/] VL - 322 IS - 1-3 SN - 0048-9697, 0048-9697 KW - Pollution Abstracts KW - Author Keywords: Chemicals KW - Exposure KW - Health effects KW - Natural disasters KW - Na-tech DDT, 1,1,1-trichloro-2,2-bis(p-chlorophenyl)ethane KW - Na-tech, natural- technologic KW - NMSZ, New Madrid Seismic Zone KW - PAH, polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons KW - PCB, polychlorinated biphenyls KW - PCDD, polychlorinated dibenzo- p-dioxins KW - PCDF, polychlorinated dibenzofurans. KW - Prevention KW - Hazardous materials KW - Contamination KW - Reviews KW - Population density KW - Environmental impact KW - Environmental health KW - P 9000:ENVIRONMENTAL ACTION KW - P 6000:TOXICOLOGY AND HEALTH UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/17204194?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Apollution&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Science+of+the+Total+Environment&rft.atitle=Natural+and+technologic+hazardous+material+releases+during+and+after+natural+disasters%3A+a+review&rft.au=Young%2C+Stacy%3BBalluz%2C+Lina%3BMalilay%2C+Josephine&rft.aulast=Young&rft.aufirst=Stacy&rft.date=2004-04-01&rft.volume=322&rft.issue=1-3&rft.spage=3&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Science+of+the+Total+Environment&rft.issn=00489697&rft_id=info:doi/10.1016%2FS0048-9697%2803%2900446-7 LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-12-01 N1 - Last updated - 2015-03-25 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Prevention; Contamination; Hazardous materials; Reviews; Environmental impact; Population density; Environmental health; Natural disasters DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0048-9697(03)00446-7 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Recent advancement in flavivirus vaccine development AN - 1257726949; 16614409 AB - Lately, the magnitude of cumulative diseases burden caused by flaviviruses, such as dengue virus, Japanese encephalitis virus, tick-borne encephalitis virus, West Nile virus and yellow fever virus, has reached an unprecedented level with the sizes of human and animal populations at risk increasing sharply. These diseases present highly complex medical, economic and ecologic problems, some effecting primarily human and others affecting human, livestock and wildlife. The large body of recent publications on the development of vaccines taking advantage of new generations of bio-engineering techniques clearly reflects the profound interests and deep sense of urgency in the scientific and medical communities in combating those diseases. This review reveals a collection of remarkable progresses thus far made in flaviviral vaccine research not only employing a diverse range of new strategies but also re-tooling old techniques to improve the existing vaccines. The efficacy and safety of some of the new vaccine candidates have been evaluated and proven in human clinical trials. Besides the technical advancement in vaccine development, in this review, the importance of somewhat neglected and yet critical subjects, such as adequacy of animal model, vaccine safety, vaccine formulation and delivery, complication in serodiagostics and economic factor, was examined in-depth. JF - Expert Review of Vaccines AU - Chang, Gwong-Jen J AU - Kuno, Goro AU - Purdy, David E AU - Davis, Brent S AD - National Center for Infectious Diseases, Arbovirus Diseases Branch, Division of Vector-Borne Infectious Diseases, National Center for Infectious Diseases, Rampart Road, CDC-Foothill Campus, Fort Collins, CO 80521, USA. Y1 - 2004/04// PY - 2004 DA - April 2004 SP - 199 EP - 220 PB - Future Science Group (FSG), Unitec House, 2 Albert Place London N3 1QB United Kingdom VL - 3 IS - 2 SN - 1476-0584, 1476-0584 KW - ASFA 3: Aquatic Pollution & Environmental Quality; ASFA 1: Biological Sciences & Living Resources; Virology & AIDS Abstracts KW - animal model KW - attenuated vaccine KW - DNA vaccine KW - flavivirus KW - inactivated vaccine KW - infectious cDNA clone KW - subunit vaccine KW - vaccine delivery KW - vaccine formulation KW - vaccine safety KW - vaccine KW - Dengue virus KW - Human diseases KW - Animal populations KW - Wildlife KW - Animal models KW - Disease control KW - Clinical trials KW - Flavivirus KW - Encephalitis KW - Livestock KW - Public health KW - Tick-borne encephalitis KW - Yellow fever virus KW - Reviews KW - Economics KW - Japanese encephalitis virus KW - Vaccines KW - Tick-borne encephalitis virus KW - West Nile virus KW - V 22410:Animal Diseases KW - Q1 08485:Species interactions: pests and control KW - Q5 08524:Public health, medicines, dangerous organisms UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/1257726949?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aasfaaquaticpollution&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Expert+Review+of+Vaccines&rft.atitle=Recent+advancement+in+flavivirus+vaccine+development&rft.au=Chang%2C+Gwong-Jen+J%3BKuno%2C+Goro%3BPurdy%2C+David+E%3BDavis%2C+Brent+S&rft.aulast=Chang&rft.aufirst=Gwong-Jen&rft.date=2004-04-01&rft.volume=3&rft.issue=2&rft.spage=199&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Expert+Review+of+Vaccines&rft.issn=14760584&rft_id=info:doi/10.1586%2F14760584.3.2.199 LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2012-12-01 N1 - Last updated - 2016-12-22 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Human diseases; Animal populations; Disease control; Vaccines; Public health; Tick-borne encephalitis; Reviews; Wildlife; Economics; Animal models; Clinical trials; Encephalitis; Livestock; Dengue virus; Yellow fever virus; Japanese encephalitis virus; Tick-borne encephalitis virus; West Nile virus; Flavivirus DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1586/14760584.3.2.199 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Unintentional and undetermined poisoning deaths--11 states, 1990-2001. AN - 71767542; 15041950 AB - During 1990-2001, the death rate from poisoning in the United States increased 56%, from 5.0 per 100,000 population in 1990 to 7.8 in 2001. In 2001, of 22,242 poisoning deaths, 14,078 (63%) were unintentional. To describe trends in poisoning deaths, state health professionals in 11 states analyzed vital statistics data for 1990-2001. This report summarizes the results of that analysis, which indicated that increases in state death rates from unintentional and undetermined poisonings varied, but increased by an average of 145%; a total of 89% of poisonings involved drugs and other biologic substances. State public health professionals can use local, state, and national surveillance data to monitor trends in drug misuse and to develop effective interventions that can reduce deaths from drug overdoses. JF - MMWR. Morbidity and mortality weekly report AU - Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) AD - Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) Y1 - 2004/03/26/ PY - 2004 DA - 2004 Mar 26 SP - 233 EP - 238 VL - 53 IS - 11 KW - Index Medicus KW - International Classification of Diseases KW - Humans KW - Adult KW - Aged KW - Middle Aged KW - United States -- epidemiology KW - Male KW - Female KW - Poisoning -- classification KW - Poisoning -- epidemiology KW - Poisoning -- mortality UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/71767542?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=MMWR.+Morbidity+and+mortality+weekly+report&rft.atitle=Unintentional+and+undetermined+poisoning+deaths--11+states%2C+1990-2001.&rft.au=Centers+for+Disease+Control+and+Prevention+%28CDC%29&rft.aulast=Centers+for+Disease+Control+and+Prevention+%28CDC%29&rft.aufirst=&rft.date=2004-03-26&rft.volume=53&rft.issue=11&rft.spage=233&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=MMWR.+Morbidity+and+mortality+weekly+report&rft.issn=1545-861X&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 2004-04-01 N1 - Date created - 2004-03-25 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - CPAPER T1 - Application of immune complex immunization for the production of monoclonal antibodies against spores of Penicillium brevicompactum AN - 39913310; 3837942 AU - Schmechel, D AU - Simpson, J P AU - Lewis, D M Y1 - 2004/03/26/ PY - 2004 DA - 2004 Mar 26 KW - CPI, Conference Papers Index KW - U 2000:Biology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/39913310?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Acpi&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=conference&rft.jtitle=&rft.atitle=Application+of+immune+complex+immunization+for+the+production+of+monoclonal+antibodies+against+spores+of+Penicillium+brevicompactum&rft.au=Schmechel%2C+D%3BSimpson%2C+J+P%3BLewis%2C+D+M&rft.aulast=Schmechel&rft.aufirst=D&rft.date=2004-03-26&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - SuppNotes - Availability: American Academy of Allergy, Asthma & Immunology, 611 East Wells Street, Milwaukee, WI 53202, USA; phone: 414-272-6071; email: info@aaaai.org; URL: www.aaaai.org N1 - Last updated - 2010-05-03 ER - TY - CPAPER T1 - Effects of inter-pregnancy interval on birth outcomes: A tale of three studies and beyond AN - 39760057; 3839561 AU - Zhu, B-P Y1 - 2004/03/26/ PY - 2004 DA - 2004 Mar 26 KW - CPI, Conference Papers Index KW - U 2000:Biology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/39760057?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Acpi&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=conference&rft.jtitle=&rft.atitle=Effects+of+inter-pregnancy+interval+on+birth+outcomes%3A+A+tale+of+three+studies+and+beyond&rft.au=Zhu%2C+B-P&rft.aulast=Zhu&rft.aufirst=B-P&rft.date=2004-03-26&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - SuppNotes - Availability: FIGO 2003, Events Int'l Meeting Planners, 759 Victoria Square, Suite 300, Montreal Quebec H2Y 2J7, Canada; phone: 514-286-0855; fax: 514-286-6066 N1 - Last updated - 2010-05-03 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Evaluation of an association between loratadine and hypospadias--United States, 1997-2001. AN - 71736727; 15029117 AB - Hypospadias is a birth defect that affects approximately seven in 1,000 male infants in the United States. In affected infants, the urethral opening is located along the underside of the penis, scrotum, or perineum; the condition usually is corrected by surgery. Hypospadias is classified in order of increasing severity as first, second, or third degree. In 2002, a study in Sweden noted that among male infants born to women who while pregnant had taken loratadine (Claritin), a nonsedating antihistamine commonly used for seasonal allergies, hypospadias prevalence was twice that of the general population. However, insufficient data were available to determine the severity of the hypospadias cases, and the study did not control for confounding variables (e.g., family history of hypospadias or maternal age). In 2003, a prospective study using data from four countries indicated that five of 142 pregnancies in women exposed to loratadine resulted in infants with major malformations, a prevalence consistent with that of the general population; none had hypospadias. To further assess any potential association between loratadine and hypospadias, CDC analyzed data from the National Birth Defects Prevention Study (NBDPS). This report summarizes the results of that analysis, which determined that no increased risk for second- or third-degree hypospadias existed among women who used loratadine in early pregnancy. These results might be useful for women and health-care providers to address concerns about loratadine use and hypospadias. JF - MMWR. Morbidity and mortality weekly report AU - Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) AD - Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) Y1 - 2004/03/19/ PY - 2004 DA - 2004 Mar 19 SP - 219 EP - 221 VL - 53 IS - 10 KW - Anti-Allergic Agents KW - 0 KW - Loratadine KW - 7AJO3BO7QN KW - Index Medicus KW - Humans KW - Infant, Newborn KW - United States -- epidemiology KW - Male KW - Abnormalities, Drug-Induced -- epidemiology KW - Loratadine -- adverse effects KW - Hypospadias -- etiology KW - Anti-Allergic Agents -- adverse effects KW - Hypospadias -- epidemiology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/71736727?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=MMWR.+Morbidity+and+mortality+weekly+report&rft.atitle=Evaluation+of+an+association+between+loratadine+and+hypospadias--United+States%2C+1997-2001.&rft.au=Centers+for+Disease+Control+and+Prevention+%28CDC%29&rft.aulast=Centers+for+Disease+Control+and+Prevention+%28CDC%29&rft.aufirst=&rft.date=2004-03-19&rft.volume=53&rft.issue=10&rft.spage=219&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=MMWR.+Morbidity+and+mortality+weekly+report&rft.issn=1545-861X&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 2004-03-23 N1 - Date created - 2004-03-18 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - SuppNotes - Erratum In: MMWR Morb Mortal Wkly Rep. 2006 Oct 6;55(30):1075 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Veterinary medicine protecting and promoting the public's health and well-being. AN - 71754517; 15041202 AB - Dr. Calvin Schwabe's vision of "One Medicine" has long inspired many in the public health community to strive toward bringing human and veterinary medicine together to improve the public's health and well-being around the world. In an increasingly human-dominated world, as Dr. Schwabe suggested many years ago, human health provides the most-logical unifying or apical cause in veterinary medicine's hierarchy of values. Veterinarians in all aspects of the profession-have opportunity and responsibility to protect the health and well-being of people in all that they do, including protecting food security and safety; addressing threats to antibiotic sensitivity; preventing and controlling zoonotic emerging infectious diseases; protecting environments and ecosystems; participating in bio- and agro-terrorism preparedness and response; using their skills to confront non-zoonotic diseases (such as malaria, HIV/AIDS, vaccine preventable diseases, chronic diseases and injuries); strengthening the public-health infrastructure; and advancing medical science through research. This article provides an overview of contributions made by veterinarians in each of these areas, and discusses the challenges to be overcome and the need for strategic thinking and action to achieve the vision of "one medicine". JF - Preventive veterinary medicine AU - Pappaioanou, Marguerite AD - Office of Global Health, Mailstop D-69, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA 30333, USA. mxp1@cdc.gov Y1 - 2004/03/16/ PY - 2004 DA - 2004 Mar 16 SP - 153 EP - 163 VL - 62 IS - 3 SN - 0167-5877, 0167-5877 KW - Index Medicus KW - United States KW - Communicable Disease Control -- methods KW - Animals KW - Zoonoses KW - Sentinel Surveillance KW - Humans KW - Bioterrorism -- prevention & control KW - Interprofessional Relations KW - Foodborne Diseases -- prevention & control KW - Food -- standards KW - Public Health Practice KW - Veterinary Medicine -- methods KW - Preventive Health Services -- methods KW - Communicable Diseases, Emerging -- prevention & control UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/71754517?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Preventive+veterinary+medicine&rft.atitle=Veterinary+medicine+protecting+and+promoting+the+public%27s+health+and+well-being.&rft.au=Pappaioanou%2C+Marguerite&rft.aulast=Pappaioanou&rft.aufirst=Marguerite&rft.date=2004-03-16&rft.volume=62&rft.issue=3&rft.spage=153&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Preventive+veterinary+medicine&rft.issn=01675877&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 2009-06-02 N1 - Date created - 2004-03-25 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Use of carbon monoxide alarms to prevent poisonings during a power outage--North Carolina, December 2002. AN - 71743080; 15017373 AB - Each year in the United States, approximately 500 persons die from unintentional carbon monoxide (CO) poisoning, often during electric power outages caused by severe storms. Use of residential CO alarms has been recommended to reduce the incidence of CO poisoning. In September 2000, Mecklenburg County, North Carolina (2002 population: 722,367), adopted a public health ordinance requiring a CO alarm in the majority of residences; all-electric residences without attached garages (35.4% of all homes) were exempt. The ordinance also permitted use of alarms without battery back-up. On December 4, 2002, an ice storm caused 78.9% of county households to lose power. During the next 9 days, 124 cases of symptomatic CO poisoning were reported. To characterize these poisonings and the effectiveness of the CO alarm ordinance, local emergency physicians, fire department authorities, and CDC conducted an investigation. This report summarizes the results of that investigation, which determined that 96.2% of the severe poisonings occurred in homes with no reported functioning CO alarm. As a result of these findings, on October 8, 2003, Mecklenburg County officials amended the ordinance to require alarms with battery back-ups in all residences. Officials in other communities should consider enacting such alarm ordinances to prevent CO poisonings. JF - MMWR. Morbidity and mortality weekly report AU - Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) AD - Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) Y1 - 2004/03/12/ PY - 2004 DA - 2004 Mar 12 SP - 189 EP - 192 VL - 53 IS - 9 KW - Index Medicus KW - Infant KW - Power Plants KW - Humans KW - Adult KW - Aged KW - Middle Aged KW - Child KW - North Carolina -- epidemiology KW - Adolescent KW - Male KW - Female KW - Child, Preschool KW - Electricity KW - Carbon Monoxide Poisoning -- epidemiology KW - Carbon Monoxide Poisoning -- prevention & control KW - Protective Devices -- utilization UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/71743080?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=MMWR.+Morbidity+and+mortality+weekly+report&rft.atitle=Use+of+carbon+monoxide+alarms+to+prevent+poisonings+during+a+power+outage--North+Carolina%2C+December+2002.&rft.au=Centers+for+Disease+Control+and+Prevention+%28CDC%29&rft.aulast=Centers+for+Disease+Control+and+Prevention+%28CDC%29&rft.aufirst=&rft.date=2004-03-12&rft.volume=53&rft.issue=9&rft.spage=189&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=MMWR.+Morbidity+and+mortality+weekly+report&rft.issn=1545-861X&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 2004-03-16 N1 - Date created - 2004-03-12 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Silicosis in dental laboratory technicians--five states, 1994-2000. AN - 71742427; 15017375 AB - Silicosis is a debilitating, sometimes fatal, yet preventable occupational lung disease caused by inhaling respirable crystalline silica dust. Although crystalline silica exposure and silicosis have been associated historically with work in mining, quarrying, sandblasting, masonry, founding, and ceramics, certain materials and processes used in dental laboratories also place technicians at risk for silicosis. During 1994--2000, occupational disease surveillance programs in five states identified nine confirmed cases of silicosis among persons who worked in dental laboratories; four persons resided in Michigan, two in New Jersey, and one each in Massachusetts, New York, and Ohio. This report describes three of the cases and underscores the need for employers of dental laboratory technicians to ensure appropriate control of worker exposure to crystalline silica. JF - MMWR. Morbidity and mortality weekly report AU - Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) AD - Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) Y1 - 2004/03/12/ PY - 2004 DA - 2004 Mar 12 SP - 195 EP - 197 VL - 53 IS - 9 KW - Index Medicus KW - Fatal Outcome KW - New Jersey -- epidemiology KW - Humans KW - Ohio -- epidemiology KW - Aged KW - Occupational Diseases -- epidemiology KW - Middle Aged KW - Massachusetts -- epidemiology KW - Dentistry KW - New York -- epidemiology KW - Michigan -- epidemiology KW - Male KW - Medical Laboratory Personnel KW - Laboratories, Dental KW - Silicosis -- epidemiology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/71742427?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=MMWR.+Morbidity+and+mortality+weekly+report&rft.atitle=Silicosis+in+dental+laboratory+technicians--five+states%2C+1994-2000.&rft.au=Centers+for+Disease+Control+and+Prevention+%28CDC%29&rft.aulast=Centers+for+Disease+Control+and+Prevention+%28CDC%29&rft.aufirst=&rft.date=2004-03-12&rft.volume=53&rft.issue=9&rft.spage=195&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=MMWR.+Morbidity+and+mortality+weekly+report&rft.issn=1545-861X&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 2004-03-16 N1 - Date created - 2004-03-12 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Inhibition of AP-1 and neoplastic transformation by fresh apple peel extract. AN - 71709789; 14665633 AB - Consumption of fruits and vegetables has been associated with a low incidence of cancers and other chronic diseases. Previous studies suggested that fresh apples inhibit tumor cell proliferation. Here we report that oral administration of apple peel extracts decreased the number of nonmalignant and malignant skin tumors per mouse induced by 12-O-tetradecanolyphorbol-13-acetate (TPA) in 7,12-dimethylbenz(a)anthracene-initiated mouse skin. ESR analysis indicated that apple extract strongly scavenged hydroxyl (OH) and superoxide (O(2)(-)) radicals. Mechanistic studies showed that pretreatment with apple peel extract inhibited AP-1 transactivation induced by ultraviolet B irradiation or TPA in JB6 cells and AP-1-luciferase reporter transgenic mice. This inhibitory effect appears to be mediated by the inhibition of ERKs and JNK activity. The results provide the first evidence that an extract from fresh apple peel extract may inhibit tumor promoter-induced carcinogenesis and associated cell signaling, and suggest that the chemopreventive effects of fresh apple may be through its antioxidant properties by blocking reactive oxygen species-mediated AP-1-MAPK activation. JF - The Journal of biological chemistry AU - Ding, Min AU - Lu, Yongju AU - Bowman, Linda AU - Huang, Chuanshu AU - Leonard, Stephen AU - Wang, Liying AU - Vallyathan, Val AU - Castranova, Vince AU - Shi, Xianglin AD - Pathology and Physiology Research Branch, Health Effects Laboratory Division, National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, Morgantown, West Virginia 26505, USA. mid5@cdc.gov Y1 - 2004/03/12/ PY - 2004 DA - 2004 Mar 12 SP - 10670 EP - 10676 VL - 279 IS - 11 SN - 0021-9258, 0021-9258 KW - Carcinogens KW - 0 KW - Plant Extracts KW - Reactive Oxygen Species KW - Transcription Factor AP-1 KW - Superoxides KW - 11062-77-4 KW - Hydroxyl Radical KW - 3352-57-6 KW - 9,10-Dimethyl-1,2-benzanthracene KW - 57-97-6 KW - Hydrogen Peroxide KW - BBX060AN9V KW - Luciferases KW - EC 1.13.12.- KW - Tetradecanoylphorbol Acetate KW - NI40JAQ945 KW - Index Medicus KW - Animals KW - Ultraviolet Rays KW - Transgenes KW - Luciferases -- metabolism KW - Mice KW - Mice, Transgenic KW - Transcriptional Activation KW - Phosphorylation KW - Electron Spin Resonance Spectroscopy KW - Genes, Reporter KW - Mice, Inbred C57BL KW - Neoplasms, Experimental -- drug therapy KW - Time Factors KW - Signal Transduction KW - Cell Line KW - Cell Division KW - Hydrogen Peroxide -- chemistry KW - Transcription Factor AP-1 -- antagonists & inhibitors KW - Transcription Factor AP-1 -- metabolism KW - Malus -- metabolism KW - Cell Transformation, Neoplastic UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/71709789?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Journal+of+biological+chemistry&rft.atitle=Inhibition+of+AP-1+and+neoplastic+transformation+by+fresh+apple+peel+extract.&rft.au=Ding%2C+Min%3BLu%2C+Yongju%3BBowman%2C+Linda%3BHuang%2C+Chuanshu%3BLeonard%2C+Stephen%3BWang%2C+Liying%3BVallyathan%2C+Val%3BCastranova%2C+Vince%3BShi%2C+Xianglin&rft.aulast=Ding&rft.aufirst=Min&rft.date=2004-03-12&rft.volume=279&rft.issue=11&rft.spage=10670&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=The+Journal+of+biological+chemistry&rft.issn=00219258&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 2004-05-19 N1 - Date created - 2004-03-08 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Actual causes of death in the United States, 2000. AN - 71715336; 15010446 AB - Modifiable behavioral risk factors are leading causes of mortality in the United States. Quantifying these will provide insight into the effects of recent trends and the implications of missed prevention opportunities. To identify and quantify the leading causes of mortality in the United States. Comprehensive MEDLINE search of English-language articles that identified epidemiological, clinical, and laboratory studies linking risk behaviors and mortality. The search was initially restricted to articles published during or after 1990, but we later included relevant articles published in 1980 to December 31, 2002. Prevalence and relative risk were identified during the literature search. We used 2000 mortality data reported to the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention to identify the causes and number of deaths. The estimates of cause of death were computed by multiplying estimates of the cause-attributable fraction of preventable deaths with the total mortality data. Actual causes of death. The leading causes of death in 2000 were tobacco (435 000 deaths; 18.1% of total US deaths), poor diet and physical inactivity (365 000 deaths; 15.2%) [corrected], and alcohol consumption (85 000 deaths; 3.5%). Other actual causes of death were microbial agents (75 000), toxic agents (55 000), motor vehicle crashes (43 000), incidents involving firearms (29 000), sexual behaviors (20 000), and illicit use of drugs (17 000). These analyses show that smoking remains the leading cause of mortality. However, poor diet and physical inactivity may soon overtake tobacco as the leading cause of death. These findings, along with escalating health care costs and aging population, argue persuasively that the need to establish a more preventive orientation in the US health care and public health systems has become more urgent. JF - JAMA AU - Mokdad, Ali H AU - Marks, James S AU - Stroup, Donna F AU - Gerberding, Julie L AD - Division of Adult and Community Health, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Ga, USA. amokdad@cdc.gov Y1 - 2004/03/10/ PY - 2004 DA - 2004 Mar 10 SP - 1238 EP - 1245 VL - 291 IS - 10 KW - Abridged Index Medicus KW - Index Medicus KW - Accidents, Traffic -- mortality KW - Humans KW - Physical Fitness KW - Alcohol Drinking KW - Smoking -- mortality KW - Sexual Behavior KW - Risk Factors KW - Wounds, Gunshot -- mortality KW - Substance-Related Disorders KW - Diet KW - Poisoning -- mortality KW - Communicable Diseases -- mortality KW - United States -- epidemiology KW - Cause of Death -- trends UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/71715336?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=JAMA&rft.atitle=Actual+causes+of+death+in+the+United+States%2C+2000.&rft.au=Mokdad%2C+Ali+H%3BMarks%2C+James+S%3BStroup%2C+Donna+F%3BGerberding%2C+Julie+L&rft.aulast=Mokdad&rft.aufirst=Ali&rft.date=2004-03-10&rft.volume=291&rft.issue=10&rft.spage=1238&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=JAMA&rft.issn=1538-3598&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 2004-03-15 N1 - Date created - 2004-03-10 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - SuppNotes - Comment In: JAMA. 2004 Mar 10;291(10):1263-4 [15010451] JAMA. 2004 Jun 23;291(24):2942; author reply 2942-3 [15213200] JAMA. 2004 Jun 23;291(24):2942; author reply 2942-3 [15213201] JAMA. 2004 Jun 23;291(24):2941-2; author reply 2942-3 [15213199] JAMA. 2004 Jun 23;291(24):2941; author reply 2942-3 [15213197] JAMA. 2004 Jun 23;291(24):2941; author reply 2942-3 [15213198] Erratum In: JAMA. 2005 Jan 19;293(3):298 JAMA. 2005 Jan 19;293(3):293-4 [15657315] N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Hypothermia-related deaths--United States, 2003. AN - 71712020; 15001877 AB - Hypothermia, a preventable lowering of the core body temperature to <95 degrees F (<35 degrees C), causes approximately 600 deaths each year in the United States. Exposure to excessive cold (or excessive exposure to cold) slows enzymatic activity throughout the body, leading to potentially fatal rhabdomyolysis, coagulopathy, renal failure, and dysrhythmias. Alcohol intake, activity level, and type of clothing are among the modifiable factors associated with hypothermia. Understanding the epidemiology and pathophysiology of hypothermia is important to preventing hypothermia-related mortality. This report describes three cases of fatal hypothermia that occurred during 2003, reviews national statistics on mortality from cold exposure in 2001, and provides recommendations for the diagnosis, treatment, and prevention of hypothermia. Public health strategies tailored to U.S. populations at increased risk for exposure to excessive cold can help reduce mortality and morbidity from hypothermia. JF - MMWR. Morbidity and mortality weekly report AU - Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) AD - Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) Y1 - 2004/03/05/ PY - 2004 DA - 2004 Mar 05 SP - 172 EP - 173 VL - 53 IS - 8 KW - Index Medicus KW - Risk Factors KW - Humans KW - Vermont -- epidemiology KW - Alzheimer Disease KW - Alcoholic Intoxication KW - Alaska -- epidemiology KW - Adult KW - Substance-Related Disorders KW - Aged KW - United States -- epidemiology KW - Male KW - Hypothermia -- mortality UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/71712020?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=MMWR.+Morbidity+and+mortality+weekly+report&rft.atitle=Hypothermia-related+deaths--United+States%2C+2003.&rft.au=Centers+for+Disease+Control+and+Prevention+%28CDC%29&rft.aulast=Centers+for+Disease+Control+and+Prevention+%28CDC%29&rft.aufirst=&rft.date=2004-03-05&rft.volume=53&rft.issue=8&rft.spage=172&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=MMWR.+Morbidity+and+mortality+weekly+report&rft.issn=1545-861X&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 2004-03-09 N1 - Date created - 2004-03-05 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Alcohol use among adolescents and adults--New Hampshire, 1991-2003. AN - 71710248; 15001878 AB - Alcohol abuse is the third leading preventable cause of death in the United States. Because binge and heavy drinking increase the risk for cirrhosis, cancer, heart disease, stroke, injury, and depression, public health efforts have focused on reducing these patterns of alcohol use. The Council of State and Territorial Epidemiologists, the Association of State and Territorial Chronic Disease Program Directors, and CDC developed Indicators for Chronic Disease Surveillance, which provides a standard set of measures for alcohol surveillance. The New Hampshire Department of Health and Human Services used these measures to facilitate statewide trend analysis of alcohol use among adolescents and adults. This report summarizes the results of that analysis, which indicated that, in 2003, a total of 30.6% of adolescents reported binge drinking. In 2001, a total of 15.8% of adults reported binge drinking, and 6.3% reported heavy drinking. Interventions are needed to prevent adolescent drinking and to reduce excessive alcohol use among adults. JF - MMWR. Morbidity and mortality weekly report AU - Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) AD - Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) Y1 - 2004/03/05/ PY - 2004 DA - 2004 Mar 05 SP - 174 EP - 175 VL - 53 IS - 8 KW - Ethanol KW - 3K9958V90M KW - Index Medicus KW - New Hampshire -- epidemiology KW - Humans KW - Adult KW - Alcohol Drinking -- epidemiology KW - Adolescent KW - Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System KW - Male KW - Female KW - Alcoholism -- epidemiology KW - Ethanol -- poisoning UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/71710248?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=MMWR.+Morbidity+and+mortality+weekly+report&rft.atitle=Alcohol+use+among+adolescents+and+adults--New+Hampshire%2C+1991-2003.&rft.au=Centers+for+Disease+Control+and+Prevention+%28CDC%29&rft.aulast=Centers+for+Disease+Control+and+Prevention+%28CDC%29&rft.aufirst=&rft.date=2004-03-05&rft.volume=53&rft.issue=8&rft.spage=174&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=MMWR.+Morbidity+and+mortality+weekly+report&rft.issn=1545-861X&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 2004-03-09 N1 - Date created - 2004-03-05 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Brief report: exposure to tear gas from a theft-deterrent device on a safe--Wisconsin, December 2003. AN - 71708625; 15001879 AB - On December 4, 2003, a hazardous materials (HazMat) release occurred at a jewelry store in Beloit, Wisconsin, when the store owner tightened a screw on the door of an old safe outfitted with a chemical theft-deterrent device. The device included a metal housing containing a glass vial of liquid, which cracked as the screw tightened, releasing approximately 4 ounces of tear gas. The store owner sustained eye and skin irritation and was treated at a hospital and released. Twelve persons in the building and persons in adjacent businesses were evacuated for 3 hours while a certified Level A HazMat team*, city firefighters, and emergency medical technicians responded to the release. This report summarizes the response to this event and underscores the need for persons who use old safes and vaults to know how to identify these devices and avoid tampering with them. JF - MMWR. Morbidity and mortality weekly report AU - Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) AD - Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) Y1 - 2004/03/05/ PY - 2004 DA - 2004 Mar 05 SP - 176 EP - 177 VL - 53 IS - 8 KW - Hazardous Substances KW - 0 KW - Hydrocarbons, Chlorinated KW - Tear Gases KW - chloropicrin KW - I4JTX7Z7U2 KW - Index Medicus KW - Humans KW - Wisconsin KW - Crime -- prevention & control KW - Emergency Medical Services KW - Hydrocarbons, Chlorinated -- poisoning KW - Tear Gases -- poisoning UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/71708625?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=MMWR.+Morbidity+and+mortality+weekly+report&rft.atitle=Brief+report%3A+exposure+to+tear+gas+from+a+theft-deterrent+device+on+a+safe--Wisconsin%2C+December+2003.&rft.au=Centers+for+Disease+Control+and+Prevention+%28CDC%29&rft.aulast=Centers+for+Disease+Control+and+Prevention+%28CDC%29&rft.aufirst=&rft.date=2004-03-05&rft.volume=53&rft.issue=8&rft.spage=176&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=MMWR.+Morbidity+and+mortality+weekly+report&rft.issn=1545-861X&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 2004-03-09 N1 - Date created - 2004-03-05 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Salad and pseudoappendicitis: Yersinia pseudotuberculosis as a foodborne pathogen. AN - 80173514; 14976590 JF - The Journal of infectious diseases AU - Tauxe, Robert V AD - Foodborne and Diarrheal Diseases Branch, Division of Bacterial and Mycotic Diseases, National Center for Infectious Diseases, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia 30333, USA. rvt1@cdc.gov. Y1 - 2004/03/01/ PY - 2004 DA - 2004 Mar 01 SP - 761 EP - 763 VL - 189 IS - 5 SN - 0022-1899, 0022-1899 KW - Abridged Index Medicus KW - Index Medicus KW - Animals KW - Humans KW - Vegetables -- microbiology KW - Vegetables -- adverse effects KW - Food Microbiology KW - Yersinia pseudotuberculosis -- isolation & purification KW - Yersinia pseudotuberculosis Infections -- transmission UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/80173514?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Journal+of+infectious+diseases&rft.atitle=Salad+and+pseudoappendicitis%3A+Yersinia+pseudotuberculosis+as+a+foodborne+pathogen.&rft.au=Tauxe%2C+Robert+V&rft.aulast=Tauxe&rft.aufirst=Robert&rft.date=2004-03-01&rft.volume=189&rft.issue=5&rft.spage=761&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=The+Journal+of+infectious+diseases&rft.issn=00221899&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 2004-04-23 N1 - Date created - 2004-02-20 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - SuppNotes - Comment On: J Infect Dis. 2004 Mar 1;189(5):766-74 [14976592] N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Prevention research and rheumatic disease. AN - 80147389; 14770096 AB - Prevention may occur in clinical, community, or population settings and is often classified into primary, secondary, and tertiary types. To provide a context for this review, we define the three types and provide general and arthritis-specific examples of prevention strategies. Next, we highlight recently published longitudinal cohort and intervention studies that focus on arthritis prevention in the following topic areas: cognitive and behavioral strategies, obesity, exercise, and occupational injury prevention. Few studies examined primary prevention strategies. In one study, an educational intervention significantly changed tick-related knowledge and behaviors among a population at risk of Lyme disease. Another population-based study used a mailed, stage-based educational program to successfully increase physical activity levels; this intervention may have practical application as a primary or tertiary prevention strategy for arthritis. Tertiary prevention research received much attention: Recent studies extend the benefits of exercise and cognitive-behavioral interventions to persons with different rheumatic conditions (eg, neck pain, low back pain, systemic lupus erythematosus, fibromyalgia). Longitudinal cohort studies improve our understanding of the relationships between computer use and carpal tunnel syndrome among office workers, birth weight and hand osteoarthritis, and baseline balance and functional declines among older adults with knee pain. Prevention of arthritis and its complications is an active focus of investigation. Primary prevention research remains a challenge because of the prolonged time frame for disease expression. Scientific evidence continues to provide support for tertiary prevention strategies among people with documented rheumatic disease. JF - Current opinion in rheumatology AU - Rao, Jaya K AU - Hootman, Jennifer M AD - Health Care and Aging Studies Branch, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia 30341, USA. jrao@cdc.gov Y1 - 2004/03// PY - 2004 DA - March 2004 SP - 119 EP - 124 VL - 16 IS - 2 SN - 1040-8711, 1040-8711 KW - Index Medicus KW - Arthritis -- prevention & control KW - Arthritis -- complications KW - Accidents, Occupational -- prevention & control KW - Humans KW - Adult KW - Behavior Therapy -- methods KW - Exercise Therapy -- methods KW - Obesity -- complications KW - Rheumatic Diseases -- complications KW - Research KW - Rheumatic Diseases -- prevention & control UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/80147389?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Current+opinion+in+rheumatology&rft.atitle=Prevention+research+and+rheumatic+disease.&rft.au=Rao%2C+Jaya+K%3BHootman%2C+Jennifer+M&rft.aulast=Rao&rft.aufirst=Jaya&rft.date=2004-03-01&rft.volume=16&rft.issue=2&rft.spage=119&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Current+opinion+in+rheumatology&rft.issn=10408711&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 2004-06-18 N1 - Date created - 2004-02-10 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Report from the CDC. Physician and allied health professionals' training and fetal alcohol syndrome. AN - 71810969; 15072726 AB - Maternal prenatal alcohol use is one of the leading preventable causes of birth defects and developmental disabilities. On the severe end of the spectrum of conditions related to drinking during pregnancy is fetal alcohol syndrome (FAS). Physicians and other health practitioners play a critical role in diagnosing FAS and in screening women of childbearing age for alcohol use during pregnancy. The Fetal Alcohol Syndrome Prevention Team at CDC's National Center on Birth Defects and Developmental Disabilities awarded funds to four medical school partners (Meharry and Morehouse Medical Colleges, St. Louis University, the University of Medicine and Dentistry of New Jersey, and the University of California at Los Angeles) to develop FAS regional training centers (RTCs). The RTCs are developing, implementing, evaluating, and disseminating educational curricula for medical and allied health students and practitioners that incorporate evidence-based diagnostic guidelines for FAS and other prenatal alcohol-related disorders. JF - Journal of women's health (2002) AU - Sharpe, Tanya T AU - Alexander, Martha AU - Hutcherson, Johnni AU - Floyd, R Louise AU - Brimacombe, Michael AU - Levine, Robert AU - Mengel, Mark AU - Stuber, Margaret AD - Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, National Center on Birth Defects and Developmental Disabilities, Fetal Alcohol Syndrome Prevention Team, Regional Training Centers, Atlanta, Georgia 30333, USA. tqs3@cdc.gov Y1 - 2004/03// PY - 2004 DA - March 2004 SP - 133 EP - 139 VL - 13 IS - 2 SN - 1540-9996, 1540-9996 KW - Ethanol KW - 3K9958V90M KW - Index Medicus KW - United States KW - Ethanol -- adverse effects KW - Clinical Competence KW - Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (U.S.) -- standards KW - Pregnancy Complications -- prevention & control KW - Humans KW - Adult KW - Alcoholism -- prevention & control KW - Female KW - Pregnancy KW - Family Practice -- standards KW - Fetal Alcohol Spectrum Disorders -- prevention & control KW - Inservice Training KW - Allied Health Occupations -- standards KW - Education, Medical, Continuing KW - Prenatal Exposure Delayed Effects UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/71810969?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+women%27s+health+%282002%29&rft.atitle=Report+from+the+CDC.+Physician+and+allied+health+professionals%27+training+and+fetal+alcohol+syndrome.&rft.au=Sharpe%2C+Tanya+T%3BAlexander%2C+Martha%3BHutcherson%2C+Johnni%3BFloyd%2C+R+Louise%3BBrimacombe%2C+Michael%3BLevine%2C+Robert%3BMengel%2C+Mark%3BStuber%2C+Margaret&rft.aulast=Sharpe&rft.aufirst=Tanya&rft.date=2004-03-01&rft.volume=13&rft.issue=2&rft.spage=133&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+women%27s+health+%282002%29&rft.issn=15409996&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 2004-06-29 N1 - Date created - 2004-04-09 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Factors associated with liver biopsy performance in HCV-HIV coinfected injecting drug users with HCV viremia: results from a five-year longitudinal assessment. AN - 71772650; 15047783 AB - The last international consensus conference about hepatitis C virus (HCV) treatment emphasized the importance of treatment for persons coinfected with HCV and human immunodeficiency virus (HIV). As liver biopsy precedes treatment, we aimed to identify factors associated with the performance of liver biopsy among HIV-HCV coinfected drug users during a 5-year follow-up to study their access to HCV treatment. Of the 296 patients followed in the HIV hospital departments of Nice and Marseilles and with retrievable records about HCV diagnosis and care, 166 were eligible for analysis having had detectable HCV RNA at least once during the study period. Overall, 45.2% of patients underwent liver biopsy during follow-up. Using proportional hazard models, predictors of having had a liver biopsy were high social support, complete abstinence from drug injection, and lack of immunosuppression as well as male gender, no history of multiple incarcerations, more recent onset of drug use, and an increase of liver enzyme levels. These results suggest that specific efforts should be devoted to HIV-HCV coinfected drug users to assist with stabilizing these patients to optimize their access to HCV care whenever possible. JF - Journal of urban health : bulletin of the New York Academy of Medicine AU - Rey, Dominique AU - Carrieri, Maria-Patrizia AU - Spire, Bruno AU - Loubière, Sandrine AU - Dellamonica, Pierre AU - Gallais, Hervé AU - Cassuto, Gilles-Patrice AU - Gastaut, Jean-Albert AU - Obadia, Yolande AU - MANIF 2000 Study Group AD - Regional Center for Disease Control (ORS PACA) of Southeastern France, 23 rue Stanislas Torrents, 13006 Marseille, France. rey@marseille.inserm.fr ; MANIF 2000 Study Group Y1 - 2004/03// PY - 2004 DA - March 2004 SP - 48 EP - 57 VL - 81 IS - 1 SN - 1099-3460, 1099-3460 KW - Anti-Retroviral Agents KW - 0 KW - Aspartate Aminotransferases KW - EC 2.6.1.1 KW - Alanine Transaminase KW - EC 2.6.1.2 KW - Index Medicus KW - Hospital Departments KW - Sex Factors KW - Guideline Adherence KW - Hepacivirus -- genetics KW - Humans KW - Immunoenzyme Techniques -- utilization KW - Alanine Transaminase -- analysis KW - Hepacivirus -- enzymology KW - Longitudinal Studies KW - Anti-Retroviral Agents -- therapeutic use KW - Health Services Accessibility KW - France KW - Substance Abuse, Intravenous -- virology KW - Aspartate Aminotransferases -- analysis KW - Substance Abuse, Intravenous -- complications KW - Male KW - Female KW - Proportional Hazards Models KW - Hepatitis C -- therapy KW - Liver -- pathology KW - Liver -- enzymology KW - Biopsy -- utilization KW - HIV Infections -- complications KW - Hepatitis C -- complications KW - HIV Infections -- drug therapy KW - HIV Infections -- pathology KW - Hepatitis C -- pathology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/71772650?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+urban+health+%3A+bulletin+of+the+New+York+Academy+of+Medicine&rft.atitle=Factors+associated+with+liver+biopsy+performance+in+HCV-HIV+coinfected+injecting+drug+users+with+HCV+viremia%3A+results+from+a+five-year+longitudinal+assessment.&rft.au=Rey%2C+Dominique%3BCarrieri%2C+Maria-Patrizia%3BSpire%2C+Bruno%3BLoubi%C3%A8re%2C+Sandrine%3BDellamonica%2C+Pierre%3BGallais%2C+Herv%C3%A9%3BCassuto%2C+Gilles-Patrice%3BGastaut%2C+Jean-Albert%3BObadia%2C+Yolande%3BMANIF+2000+Study+Group&rft.aulast=Rey&rft.aufirst=Dominique&rft.date=2004-03-01&rft.volume=81&rft.issue=1&rft.spage=48&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+urban+health+%3A+bulletin+of+the+New+York+Academy+of+Medicine&rft.issn=10993460&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 2004-08-17 N1 - Date created - 2004-03-29 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - SuppNotes - Cited By: Hepatology. 2000 Jan;31(1):211-8 [10613748] J Hepatol. 1999 May;30(5):956-61 [10365827] JAMA. 2000 Jul 26;284(4):450-6 [10904508] Hepatology. 2000 Sep;32(3):477-81 [10960438] Lancet. 2000 Nov 25;356(9244):1800-5 [11117912] J Pain Symptom Manage. 2001 Feb;21(2):103-12 [11302118] AIDS. 2002 Jul 5;16(10):1357-62 [12131212] World J Gastroenterol. 2002 Aug;8(4):577-9 [12174359] Arch Intern Med. 2002 Oct 14;162(18):2125-32 [12374521] Microbes Infect. 2002 Oct;4(12):1247-51 [12467766] Ann Intern Med. 2003 Feb 4;138(3):197-207 [12558359] AIDS. 2000 Jan 28;14(2):151-5 [10708285] J Acquir Immune Defic Syndr. 2002 Dec 15;31 Suppl 3:S149-53 [12562040] AIDS. 2003 Mar 28;17(5):721-5 [12646795] Semin Liver Dis. 2003 May;23(2):173-82 [12800070] Hepatology. 1981 Sep-Oct;1(5):431-5 [7308988] Br Med J (Clin Res Ed). 1982 Jan 23;284(6311):255-7 [6799127] Drug Alcohol Depend. 1995 Aug;39(2):91-8 [8529537] Hepatology. 1996 Aug;24(2):289-93 [8690394] Hepatology. 1997 Sep;26(3 Suppl 1):2S-10S [9305656] Drug Alcohol Depend. 1998 Aug 1;51(3):253-63; discussion 267-8 [9787998] J Epidemiol Community Health. 1999 Jan;53(1):4-8 [10326045] J Am Geriatr Soc. 2000 Jul;48(7):741-5 [10894311] N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Frequent simian foamy virus infection in persons occupationally exposed to nonhuman primates. AN - 71693277; 14990698 AB - The recognition that AIDS originated as a zoonosis heightens public health concerns associated with human infection by simian retroviruses endemic in nonhuman primates (NHPs). These retroviruses include simian immunodeficiency virus (SIV), simian T-cell lymphotropic virus (STLV), simian type D retrovirus (SRV), and simian foamy virus (SFV). Although occasional infection with SIV, SRV, or SFV in persons occupationally exposed to NHPs has been reported, the characteristics and significance of these zoonotic infections are not fully defined. Surveillance for simian retroviruses at three research centers and two zoos identified no SIV, SRV, or STLV infection in 187 participants. However, 10 of 187 persons (5.3%) tested positive for SFV antibodies by Western blot (WB) analysis. Eight of the 10 were males, and 3 of the 10 worked at zoos. SFV integrase gene (int) and gag sequences were PCR amplified from the peripheral blood lymphocytes available from 9 of the 10 persons. Phylogenetic analysis showed SFV infection originating from chimpanzees (n = 8) and baboons (n = 1). SFV seropositivity for periods of 8 to 26 years (median, 22 years) was documented for six workers for whom archived serum samples were available, demonstrating long-standing SFV infection. All 10 persons reported general good health, and secondary transmission of SFV was not observed in three wives available for WB and PCR testing. Additional phylogenetic analysis of int and gag sequences provided the first direct evidence identifying the source chimpanzees of the SFV infection in two workers. This study documents more frequent infection with SFV than with other simian retroviruses in persons working with NHPs and provides important information on the natural history and species origin of these infections. Our data highlight the importance of studies to better define the public health implications of zoonotic SFV infections. JF - Journal of virology AU - Switzer, William M AU - Bhullar, Vinod AU - Shanmugam, Vedapuri AU - Cong, Mian-Er AU - Parekh, Bharat AU - Lerche, Nicholas W AU - Yee, JoAnn L AU - Ely, John J AU - Boneva, Roumiana AU - Chapman, Louisa E AU - Folks, Thomas M AU - Heneine, Walid AD - HIV and Retrovirology Branch, Division of AIDS, STD, and TB Laboratory Research, National Center for HIV, STD, and TB Prevention, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia 30333, USA. bis3@cdc.gov Y1 - 2004/03// PY - 2004 DA - March 2004 SP - 2780 EP - 2789 VL - 78 IS - 6 SN - 0022-538X, 0022-538X KW - Antibodies, Viral KW - 0 KW - DNA, Mitochondrial KW - Gene Products, gag KW - Integrases KW - EC 2.7.7.- KW - Index Medicus KW - Antibodies, Viral -- blood KW - Polymerase Chain Reaction KW - Gene Products, gag -- genetics KW - Animals KW - Integrases -- genetics KW - Humans KW - Molecular Sequence Data KW - Sequence Analysis, DNA KW - Male KW - Gorilla gorilla -- virology KW - Female KW - DNA, Mitochondrial -- genetics KW - Occupational Exposure KW - Ape Diseases -- virology KW - Zoonoses -- virology KW - Retroviridae Infections -- epidemiology KW - Retroviridae Infections -- transmission KW - Ape Diseases -- transmission KW - Pan troglodytes -- virology KW - Retroviridae Infections -- virology KW - Spumavirus -- isolation & purification KW - Retroviridae Infections -- veterinary KW - Spumavirus -- immunology KW - Spumavirus -- genetics KW - Zoonoses -- transmission UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/71693277?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+virology&rft.atitle=Frequent+simian+foamy+virus+infection+in+persons+occupationally+exposed+to+nonhuman+primates.&rft.au=Switzer%2C+William+M%3BBhullar%2C+Vinod%3BShanmugam%2C+Vedapuri%3BCong%2C+Mian-Er%3BParekh%2C+Bharat%3BLerche%2C+Nicholas+W%3BYee%2C+JoAnn+L%3BEly%2C+John+J%3BBoneva%2C+Roumiana%3BChapman%2C+Louisa+E%3BFolks%2C+Thomas+M%3BHeneine%2C+Walid&rft.aulast=Switzer&rft.aufirst=William&rft.date=2004-03-01&rft.volume=78&rft.issue=6&rft.spage=2780&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+virology&rft.issn=0022538X&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 2004-04-08 N1 - Date created - 2004-03-01 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Genetic sequence - AY195710; GENBANK; AY195712; AY195711; AY195714; AY195713; AY195716; AY195715; AY195718; AY195717; AY195719; AY195699; AY195698; AY195694; AY195701; AY195695; AY195700; AY195696; AY195697; AY195690; AY195705; AY195691; AY195704; AY195692; AY195703; AY195693; AY195702; AY195709; AY195708; AY195707; AY195706; AY195688; AY195687; AY195689; AY195681; AY195682; AY195680; AY195732; AY195685; AY195731; AY195686; AY195683; AY195684; AY195679; AY195678; AY195677; AY195676; AY195727; AY195726; AY195725; AY195724; AY195723; AY195722; AY195673; AY195674; AY195721; AY195675; AY195720; AY195729; AY195728; AY195730 N1 - SuppNotes - Cited By: Lancet. 2000 Feb 12;355(9203):551-2 [10683011] Mol Biol Evol. 1999 Aug;16(8):1079-85 [10507922] J Virol. 2001 Feb;75(4):1783-9 [11160676] Philos Trans R Soc Lond B Biol Sci. 2001 Jun 29;356(1410):889-97 [11405936] Methods Mol Biol. 2000;132:3-22 [10547828] Science. 2000 Jan 28;287(5453):607-14 [10649986] AIDS Res Hum Retroviruses. 2001 Jul 1;17(10):901-10 [11461676] Bioinformatics. 2001 Dec;17(12):1244-5 [11751241] Emerg Infect Dis. 2002 May;8(5):451-7 [11996677] Lancet. 2002 Aug 3;360(9330):387-8 [12241782] Transfusion. 2002 Jul;42(7):886-91 [12375661] Virology. 2003 May 10;309(2):248-57 [12758172] J Natl Cancer Inst. 1971 Feb;46(2):299-307 [4329955] N Engl J Med. 1994 Jan 20;330(3):172-7 [8264739] Virology. 1994 Jun;201(2):187-99 [8184531] Science. 1994 Aug 26;265(5176):1193-201 [7915048] Nucleic Acids Res. 1994 Nov 11;22(22):4673-80 [7984417] J Virol. 1995 Feb;69(2):621-32 [7815525] Virology. 1995 Mar 10;207(2):577-82 [7886963] AIDS Res Hum Retroviruses. 1995 Jan;11(1):161-70 [7734189] J Virol. 1996 Mar;70(3):1633-9 [8627684] Science. 1996 May 24;272(5265):1167-70 [8638160] AIDS Res Hum Retroviruses. 1996 Oct 10;12(15):1473-83 [8893055] J Virol. 1997 Jun;71(6):4821-4 [9151878] Nature. 1997 Jul 24;388(6640):337 [9237749] Virology. 1997 Oct 27;237(2):349-59 [9356346] J Med Primatol. 1997 Oct;26(5):233-40 [9437261] Nat Med. 1998 Apr;4(4):403-7 [9546784] Nature. 1999 Feb 4;397(6718):436-41 [9989410] J Neurovirol. 1998 Dec;4(6):586-93 [10065900] Virology. 1999 Apr 25;257(1):7-14 [10208915] Genome Res. 1999 Jun;9(6):525-40 [10400920] Clin Microbiol Rev. 2001 Jan;14(1):165-76 [11148008] N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Mortality among a cohort of garment workers exposed to formaldehyde: an update. AN - 71682776; 14985513 AB - To evaluate the mortality experience of 11 039 workers exposed to formaldehyde for three months or more in three garment plants. The mean time weighted average formaldehyde exposure at the plants in the early 1980s was 0.15 ppm but past exposures may have been substantially higher. Vital status was updated through 1998, and life table analyses were conducted. Mortality from all causes (2206 deaths, standardised mortality ratio (SMR) 0.92, 95% CI 0.88 to 0.96) and all cancers (SMR 0.89, 95% CI 0.82 to 0.97) was less than expected based on US mortality rates. A non-significant increase in mortality from myeloid leukaemia (15 deaths, SMR 1.44, 95% CI 0.80 to 2.37) was observed. Mortality from myeloid leukaemia was greatest among workers first exposed in the earliest years when exposures were presumably higher, among workers with 10 or more years of exposure, and among workers with 20 or more years since first exposure. No nasal or nasopharyngeal cancers were observed. Mortality from trachea, bronchus, and lung cancer (147 deaths, SMR 0.98, 95% CI 0.82 to 1.15) was not increased. Multiple cause mortality from leukaemia was increased almost twofold among workers with both 10 or more years of exposure and 20 years or more since first exposure (15 deaths, SMR 1.92, 95% CI 1.08 to 3.17). Multiple cause mortality from myeloid leukaemia among this group of workers was also significantly increased (8 deaths, SMR 2.55, 95% CI 1.10 to 5.03). Results support a possible relation between formaldehyde exposure and myeloid leukaemia mortality. Previous epidemiological studies supporting a relation between formaldehyde exposure and leukaemia mortality have been primarily of formaldehyde exposed professional groups, not formaldehyde exposed industrial workers. Limitations include limited power to detect an excess for rare cancers such as nasal and nasopharyngeal cancers and lack of individual exposure estimates. JF - Occupational and environmental medicine AU - Pinkerton, L E AU - Hein, M J AU - Stayner, L T AD - Industrywide Studies Branch, Division of Surveillance, Hazard Evaluations and Field Studies, The National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, Cincinnati, Ohio 45226, USA. LPinkerton@cdc.gov Y1 - 2004/03// PY - 2004 DA - March 2004 SP - 193 EP - 200 VL - 61 IS - 3 KW - Carcinogens KW - 0 KW - Formaldehyde KW - 1HG84L3525 KW - Index Medicus KW - Humans KW - Aged KW - Leukemia, Myeloid -- mortality KW - Leukemia, Myeloid -- chemically induced KW - Georgia -- epidemiology KW - Adult KW - Cohort Studies KW - Follow-Up Studies KW - Middle Aged KW - Pennsylvania -- epidemiology KW - Adolescent KW - Female KW - Male KW - Neoplasms -- mortality KW - Carcinogens -- toxicity KW - Occupational Exposure -- adverse effects KW - Formaldehyde -- toxicity KW - Clothing KW - Occupational Diseases -- mortality UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/71682776?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Occupational+and+environmental+medicine&rft.atitle=Mortality+among+a+cohort+of+garment+workers+exposed+to+formaldehyde%3A+an+update.&rft.au=Pinkerton%2C+L+E%3BHein%2C+M+J%3BStayner%2C+L+T&rft.aulast=Pinkerton&rft.aufirst=L&rft.date=2004-03-01&rft.volume=61&rft.issue=3&rft.spage=193&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Occupational+and+environmental+medicine&rft.issn=1470-7926&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 2004-03-18 N1 - Date created - 2004-02-26 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - SuppNotes - Cited By: Toxicology. 2001 Mar 7;160(1-3):165-72 [11246136] Cancer Res. 1980 Sep;40(9):3398-402 [7427950] J Natl Cancer Inst. 1982 Apr;68(4):597-603 [6951075] Int J Cancer. 1983 Apr 15;31(4):407-11 [6832852] J Occup Med. 1983 Feb;25(2):115-24 [6687607] Am J Ind Med. 1985;7(3):229-40 [3985015] J Natl Cancer Inst. 1986 Jun;76(6):1071-84 [3458945] J Natl Cancer Inst. 1986 Dec;77(6):1217-24 [3467114] Am J Ind Med. 1988;13(6):667-81 [3389362] J Occup Med. 1990 Nov;32(11):1091-8 [2258764] Am J Ind Med. 1990;18(6):641-52 [2264563] Scand J Work Environ Health. 1990 Dec;16(6):381-93 [2284588] Am J Epidemiol. 1992 Oct 1;136(7):855-62 [1442751] Scand J Work Environ Health. 1993 Feb;19(1):8-15 [8465176] Br J Ind Med. 1993 Sep;50(9):827-34 [8398877] Cancer Causes Control. 1995 Jul;6(4):354-60 [7548723] J Occup Environ Med. 1995 Jul;37(7):826-37 [7552467] J Occup Environ Med. 1997 Jul;39(7):639-51 [9253725] Am J Ind Med. 1998 Nov;34(5):517-8 [9787858] Comment In: Occup Environ Med. 2004 Nov;61(11):875-6 [15477279] N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Hepatitis A transmitted by food. AN - 71674991; 14986256 AB - Hepatitis A is caused by hepatitis A virus (HAV). Transmission occurs by the fecal-oral route, either by direct contact with an HAV-infected person or by ingestion of HAV-contaminated food or water. Foodborne or waterborne hepatitis A outbreaks are relatively uncommon in the United States. However, food handlers with hepatitis A are frequently identified, and evaluation of the need for immunoprophylaxis and implementation of control measures are a considerable burden on public health resources. In addition, HAV-contaminated food may be the source of hepatitis A for an unknown proportion of persons whose source of infection is not identified. JF - Clinical infectious diseases : an official publication of the Infectious Diseases Society of America AU - Fiore, Anthony E AD - Division of Viral Hepatitis, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA 30333, USA. afiore@cdc.gov Y1 - 2004/03/01/ PY - 2004 DA - 2004 Mar 01 SP - 705 EP - 715 VL - 38 IS - 5 KW - Index Medicus KW - Disinfection KW - Food Microbiology KW - Humans KW - Food Handling KW - Hygiene KW - Water Microbiology KW - United States -- epidemiology KW - Hepatitis A Virus, Human KW - Food Contamination KW - Hepatitis A -- transmission KW - Hepatitis A -- epidemiology KW - Hepatitis A -- prevention & control KW - Disease Outbreaks KW - Food -- virology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/71674991?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Clinical+infectious+diseases+%3A+an+official+publication+of+the+Infectious+Diseases+Society+of+America&rft.atitle=Hepatitis+A+transmitted+by+food.&rft.au=Fiore%2C+Anthony+E&rft.aulast=Fiore&rft.aufirst=Anthony&rft.date=2004-03-01&rft.volume=38&rft.issue=5&rft.spage=705&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Clinical+infectious+diseases+%3A+an+official+publication+of+the+Infectious+Diseases+Society+of+America&rft.issn=1537-6591&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 2004-03-09 N1 - Date created - 2004-02-26 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Why Parents Matter!: The Conceptual Basis for a Community-Based HIV Prevention Program for the Parents of African American Youth AN - 61519179; 200503297 AB - The Parents Matter! Program (PMP) is a community-based family intervention designed to promote positive parenting & effective parent-child communication about sexuality & sexual risk reduction. Its ultimate goal is to reduce sexual risk behavior among adolescents. PMP offers parents instruction & guidance in general parenting skills related to decreased sexual risk behavior among youth (eg, relationship building, monitoring) & sexual communication skills necessary for parents to effectively convey their values & expectations about sexual behavior -- as well as critical HIV, STD, & pregnancy prevention messages -- to their children. We briefly review the literature concerning parental influences on adolescent sexual risk behavior & present the conceptual model & theoretical foundation upon which PMP is based. 1 Figure, 56 References. Adapted from the source document. JF - Journal of Child and Family Studies AU - Dittus, Patricia AU - Miller, Kim S AU - Kotchick, Beth A AU - Forehand, Rex AD - c/o Miller -- Division HIV/AIDS Prevention, Centers Disease Control & Prevention, Atlanta, GA Y1 - 2004/03// PY - 2004 DA - March 2004 SP - 5 EP - 20 VL - 13 IS - 1 SN - 1062-1024, 1062-1024 KW - Parent Training KW - Risk KW - Outreach Programs KW - Sexual Behavior KW - Prevention KW - Black Americans KW - Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndrome KW - Sex Education KW - Parents KW - Parent Child Relations KW - Adolescents KW - article KW - 6124: health care promotion/education UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/61519179?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Asocialservices&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Child+and+Family+Studies&rft.atitle=Why+Parents+Matter%21%3A+The+Conceptual+Basis+for+a+Community-Based+HIV+Prevention+Program+for+the+Parents+of+African+American+Youth&rft.au=Dittus%2C+Patricia%3BMiller%2C+Kim+S%3BKotchick%2C+Beth+A%3BForehand%2C+Rex&rft.aulast=Dittus&rft.aufirst=Patricia&rft.date=2004-03-01&rft.volume=13&rft.issue=1&rft.spage=5&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+Child+and+Family+Studies&rft.issn=10621024&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - Social Services Abstracts N1 - Date revised - 2007-05-01 N1 - Number of references - 56 N1 - Last updated - 2016-09-28 N1 - CODEN - JCFSES N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Adolescents; Sexual Behavior; Sex Education; Outreach Programs; Parent Training; Parent Child Relations; Risk; Parents; Black Americans; Prevention; Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndrome ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Achieving National Health Objectives: The Impact on Life Expectancy and on Healthy Life Expectancy AN - 19934807; 6019606 AB - Our study quantifies the impact of achieving specific Healthy People 2010 targets and of eliminating racial/ethnic health disparities on summary measures of health. We used life table methods to calculate gains in life expectancy and healthy life expectancy that would result from achievement of Healthy People 2010 objectives or of current mortality rates in the Asian/Pacific Islander (API) population. Attainment of Healthy People 2010 mortality targets would increase life expectancy by 2.8 years, and reduction of populationwide mortality rates to current API rates would add 4.1 years. Healthy life expectancy would increase by 5.8 years if Healthy People 2010 mortality and assumed morbidity targets were attained and by 8.1 years if API mortality and activity limitation rates were attained. Achievement of specific Healthy People 2010 targets would produce significant increases in longevity and health, and elimination of racial/ethnic health disparities could result in even larger gains. JF - American Journal of Public Health AU - Pamuk, E R AU - Wagener, D K AU - Molla, M T AD - National Center for Health Statistics, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Hyattsville, Md. PO Box 1655, Eastsound, WA 98245-1655, USA, epamuk@cdc.gov Y1 - 2004/03/01/ PY - 2004 DA - 2004 Mar 01 SP - 378 EP - 383 VL - 94 IS - 3 SN - 0090-0036, 0090-0036 KW - Sustainability Science Abstracts; Human Population KW - Mortality KW - Life tables KW - Race differences KW - Morbidity KW - Longevity KW - Public health KW - M3 1010:Issues in Sustainable Development KW - M1 125:Population Health-Environment Relations UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/19934807?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Assamodule&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=American+Journal+of+Public+Health&rft.atitle=Achieving+National+Health+Objectives%3A+The+Impact+on+Life+Expectancy+and+on+Healthy+Life+Expectancy&rft.au=Pamuk%2C+E+R%3BWagener%2C+D+K%3BMolla%2C+M+T&rft.aulast=Pamuk&rft.aufirst=E&rft.date=2004-03-01&rft.volume=94&rft.issue=3&rft.spage=378&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=American+Journal+of+Public+Health&rft.issn=00900036&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2004-10-01 N1 - Last updated - 2015-03-24 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Mortality; Life tables; Race differences; Longevity; Morbidity; Public health ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Two-dimensional electrophoretic protein profile analysis following exposure of human uroepithelial cells to occupational bladder carcinogens AN - 19264530; 5845756 AB - Protein biomarkers to occupational carcinogens were investigated using a transformable human uroepithelial cell system, SV-HUC.PC. SV-HUC.PC was treated with N-hydroxy-4, 4'-methylene bis (2-chloroaniline) (N-OH-MOCA) or N- hydroxy-4 aminobiphenyl (N-OH-ABP). Two-dimensional gel electrophoresis of cell lysates compared protein changes across treatments. Increasing N-OH-MOCA resulted in a dose-related increase in protein spots altered. Comparing cell profiles treated with either carcinogen revealed alterations in the expression of nine proteins, identified using the TagIdent database. These demonstrated isoelectric point shift (1) or quantity change (8). Our investigation may be useful in identifying biomarkers of effects of exposure to bladder carcinogens. JF - Cancer Letters AU - Kanitz, M H AU - Swaminathan, S AU - Savage, RE Jr AD - Division of Applied Research and Technology, Taft Laboratory, National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, MS/C-23, 4676 Columbia Parkway, Cincinnati, OH 45226, USA, mhk2@cdc.gov Y1 - 2004/03// PY - 2004 DA - Mar 2004 SP - 121 EP - 131 PB - Elsevier Science Ltd., The Boulevard Langford Lane Kidlington Oxford OX5 1GB UK, [mailto:usinfo-f@elsevier.com], [URL:http://www.elsevier.nl] VL - 205 IS - 2 SN - 0304-3835, 0304-3835 KW - N-hydroxy-4-aminobiphenyl KW - N-hydroxy-4,4'-methylene bis(2-chloroaniline) KW - man KW - cell lines KW - Toxicology Abstracts KW - Electrophoresis KW - Urinary bladder KW - Proteins KW - Carcinogens KW - biomarkers KW - Occupational exposure KW - X 24222:Analytical procedures UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/19264530?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxicologyabstracts&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Cancer+Letters&rft.atitle=Two-dimensional+electrophoretic+protein+profile+analysis+following+exposure+of+human+uroepithelial+cells+to+occupational+bladder+carcinogens&rft.au=Kanitz%2C+M+H%3BSwaminathan%2C+S%3BSavage%2C+RE+Jr&rft.aulast=Kanitz&rft.aufirst=M&rft.date=2004-03-01&rft.volume=205&rft.issue=2&rft.spage=121&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Cancer+Letters&rft.issn=03043835&rft_id=info:doi/10.1016%2Fj.canlet.2003.09.032 LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Occupational exposure; Carcinogens; Urinary bladder; biomarkers; Electrophoresis; Proteins DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.canlet.2003.09.032 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Motorcycle helmet use and related risk behaviors among adolescents and young adults in Northern Thailand AN - 18042218; 5990845 AB - The objective of this study was to assess the prevalence of not wearing a helmet (unprotected) while riding a motorcycle and associated risk behaviors among adolescents and young adults in Northern Thailand. Participants were 1,725 students, aged 15-21 years, from 3 vocational schools in Chiang Rai Province; 51.8% were male. Participants completed a classroom-based computer-assisted self-interview (ACASI). Of men 72.7% and of women 64.4% reported unprotected motorcycle riding 3 times or more in the past week. Logistic regression analysis showed the variables independently associated with unprotected riding to be history of ever riding after having had 3 or more alcoholic drinks (odds ratio (OR) = 2.21, 95% confidence interval (CI) = 1.76-2.21), attending technical school (OR = 2.09, 95% CI = 1.55-2.83), living with the family (OR = 1.38, 95% CI = 1.10-1.73), and having ever had a traffic accident (OR = 1.20, 95% CI = 1.12-1.29). Being of hill tribe ethnicity (vs Thai lowlander) was associated with protected riding (OR = 0.42, 95% CI = 0.20-0.90). Adolescents and young adults in Chiang Rai are at high risk for riding a motorcycle without a helmet buckled on the head. Public education in combination with enforcement of compulsory helmet use while riding a motorcycle is recommended. JF - Southeast Asian Journal of Tropical Medicine & Public Health AU - Pitaktong, U AU - Manopaiboon, C AU - Kilmarx, PH AU - Jeeyapant, S AU - Jenkins, R AU - Tappero, J AU - Uthaivoravit, W AU - van Griensven, F AD - The Thailand MOPH-US CDC Collaboration, DDC 7 Building, Ministry of Public Health, Nonthaburi 11000, Thailand, fav1@cdc.gov Y1 - 2004/03// PY - 2004 DA - Mar 2004 SP - 232 EP - 239 VL - 35 IS - 1 SN - 0038-3619, 0038-3619 KW - Risk Abstracts; Health & Safety Science Abstracts KW - Thailand KW - Adolescents KW - decision making KW - Protective equipment KW - Behavior KW - helmets KW - Motorcycles KW - H 2000:Transportation KW - R2 23060:Medical and environmental health UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/18042218?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Ariskabstracts&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Southeast+Asian+Journal+of+Tropical+Medicine+%26+Public+Health&rft.atitle=Motorcycle+helmet+use+and+related+risk+behaviors+among+adolescents+and+young+adults+in+Northern+Thailand&rft.au=Pitaktong%2C+U%3BManopaiboon%2C+C%3BKilmarx%2C+PH%3BJeeyapant%2C+S%3BJenkins%2C+R%3BTappero%2C+J%3BUthaivoravit%2C+W%3Bvan+Griensven%2C+F&rft.aulast=Pitaktong&rft.aufirst=U&rft.date=2004-03-01&rft.volume=35&rft.issue=1&rft.spage=232&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Southeast+Asian+Journal+of+Tropical+Medicine+%26+Public+Health&rft.issn=00383619&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Thailand; Protective equipment; Behavior; Adolescents; decision making; Motorcycles; helmets ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Unintentional injury in Ireland: A comparison of mortality and morbidity data AN - 18028022; 6063605 AB - The aim of this study was to examine the relationship between mortality and hospital admission data for the leading causes of unintentional injury in Ireland. Mortality data were obtained from the Central Statistics Office for the years 1980-1996. Information on hospital admissions was obtained from the Hospital In-Patient Enquiry system for the years 1993-1997. Motor vehicle traffic accidents were the leading cause of unintentional injury death. Falls were the most common cause of unintentional injury hospital admission. Drowning and suffocation had high ratios of deaths to admissions, 2:1 and 1:3, respectively. The ratio of deaths to admissions was 1:39 for all unintentional injuries. Neither mortality data nor admissions data alone give an adequate guide to the impact of injuries, but together the two provide a reasonable basis on which to establish policy. JF - Journal of Public Health Medicine AU - Scallan, E AU - Staines, A AU - Fitzpatrick, P AU - Laffoy, M AU - Kelly, A AD - FoodNet Foodborne and Diarrheal Diseases Branch, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, 1 West Square Court, Decatur, Atlanta, GA, USA, escallan@cdc.gov Y1 - 2004/03// PY - 2004 DA - Mar 2004 SP - 6 EP - 7 VL - 26 IS - 1 SN - 0957-4832, 0957-4832 KW - falls KW - Health & Safety Science Abstracts KW - Mortality KW - Injuries KW - Motor vehicles KW - Eire KW - Morbidity KW - Accidents KW - drowning KW - Emergency medical services KW - H 11000:Diseases/Injuries/Trauma UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/18028022?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Ahealthsafetyabstracts&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Public+Health+Medicine&rft.atitle=Unintentional+injury+in+Ireland%3A+A+comparison+of+mortality+and+morbidity+data&rft.au=Scallan%2C+E%3BStaines%2C+A%3BFitzpatrick%2C+P%3BLaffoy%2C+M%3BKelly%2C+A&rft.aulast=Scallan&rft.aufirst=E&rft.date=2004-03-01&rft.volume=26&rft.issue=1&rft.spage=6&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+Public+Health+Medicine&rft.issn=09574832&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Eire; Injuries; Mortality; Emergency medical services; Motor vehicles; drowning; Accidents; Morbidity ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Mono(2-Ethyl-5-Hydroxyhexyl) Phthalate and Mono-(2-Ethyl-5-Oxohexyl) Phthalate as Biomarkers for Human Exposure Assessment to Di-(2-Ethylhexyl) Phthalate AN - 17997064; 5942980 AB - Exposure to di-(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate (DEHP) is prevalent based on the measurement of its hydrolytic metabolite mono-(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate (MEHP) in the urine of 78% of the general U.S. population studied in the 1999-2000 National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES). However, despite the high level of production and use of DEHP, the urinary MEHP levels in the NHANES samples were lower than the monoester metabolites of phthalates less commonly used than DEHP, suggesting metabolic differences between phthalates. We measured MEHP and two oxidative DEHP metabolites, mono-(2-ethyl-5-oxohexyl) phthalate (MEOHP) and mono (2-ethyl-5-hydroxyhexyl) phthalate (MEHHP) to verify whether these other metabolites account for a greater proportion of DEHP metabolic products in 127 paired human urine and serum samples. We found that the urinary levels of MEHHP and MEOHP were 10-fold higher than levels of MEHP; concentrations of urinary MEOHP and MEHHP were strongly correlated (r = 0.928). We also found that the serum levels of MEOHP and MEHHP were comparatively lower than those in urine. Furthermore, the glucuronide-bound conjugates of the oxidative metabolites were the predominant form in both urine and serum. MEOHP and MEHHP cannot be formed by serum enzymes from the hydrolysis of any contamination from DEHP potentially introduced during blood collection and storage. Therefore, concentrations of MEHHP and MEOHP in serum may be a more selective measure of DEHP exposure than is MEHP. However, additional data on the absorption, distribution, metabolism, and elimination of these oxidative metabolites are needed to completely understand the extent of DEHP exposure from the serum concentrations of oxidative DEHP metabolites. JF - Environmental Health Perspectives AU - Kato, Kayoko AU - Silva, MJ AU - Reidy, JA AU - Hurtz, D III AU - Malek, NA AU - Needham, L L AU - Nakazawa, Hiroyuki AU - Barr, D B AU - Calafat, A M AD - Division of Laboratory Sciences, National Center for Environmental Health, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, 4770 Buford Highway NE, Mailstop F17, Atlanta, GA 30341, USA, zca2@cdc.gov Y1 - 2004/03// PY - 2004 DA - Mar 2004 SP - 327 EP - 330 VL - 112 IS - 3 SN - 0091-6765, 0091-6765 KW - di(2-ethylhexyl)phthalate KW - di-(2-ethylhexyl)phthalate KW - man KW - mono(2-ethyl-5-hydroxyhexyl)phthalate KW - mono(2-ethylhexyl)phthalate KW - mono-(2-ethyl-5-oxohexyl)phthalate KW - Health & Safety Science Abstracts; Pollution Abstracts; Toxicology Abstracts KW - Bioindicators KW - phthalates KW - Contamination KW - Urine KW - Exposure KW - Environmental health KW - Pollution effects KW - Metabolites KW - Hydrolysis KW - biomarkers KW - X 24153:Metabolism KW - H 12000:Epidemiology and Public Health KW - P 6000:TOXICOLOGY AND HEALTH UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/17997064?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxicologyabstracts&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Environmental+Health+Perspectives&rft.atitle=Mono%282-Ethyl-5-Hydroxyhexyl%29+Phthalate+and+Mono-%282-Ethyl-5-Oxohexyl%29+Phthalate+as+Biomarkers+for+Human+Exposure+Assessment+to+Di-%282-Ethylhexyl%29+Phthalate&rft.au=Kato%2C+Kayoko%3BSilva%2C+MJ%3BReidy%2C+JA%3BHurtz%2C+D+III%3BMalek%2C+NA%3BNeedham%2C+L+L%3BNakazawa%2C+Hiroyuki%3BBarr%2C+D+B%3BCalafat%2C+A+M&rft.aulast=Kato&rft.aufirst=Kayoko&rft.date=2004-03-01&rft.volume=112&rft.issue=3&rft.spage=327&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Environmental+Health+Perspectives&rft.issn=00916765&rft_id=info:doi/10.1289%2Fehp.6663 LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Last updated - 2015-03-24 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - phthalates; Contamination; Urine; Exposure; Metabolites; biomarkers; Hydrolysis; Bioindicators; Pollution effects; Environmental health DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1289/ehp.6663 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Urinary Levels of Seven Phthalate Metabolites in the U.S. Population from the National Health and Nutrition Examination survey (NHANES) 1999-2000 AN - 17988579; 5942981 AB - We measured the urinary monoester metabolites of seven commonly used phthalates in approximately 2,540 samples collected from participants of the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES), 1999-2000, who were greater than or equal to 6 years of age. We found detectable levels of metabolites monoethyl phthalate (MEP), monobutyl phthalate (MBP), monobenzyl phthalate (MBzP), and mono-(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate (MEHP) in > 75% of the samples, suggesting widespread exposure in the United States to diethyl phthalate, dibutyl phthalate or diisobutylphthalate, benzylbutyl phthalate, and di-(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate, respectively. We infrequently detected monoisononyl phthalate, mono-cyclohexyl phthalate, and mono-n-octyl phthalate, suggesting that human exposures to di-isononyl phthalate, dioctylphthalate, and dicyclohexyl phthalate, respectively, are lower than those listed above, or the pathways, routes of exposure, or pharmacokinetic factors such as absorption, distribution, metabolism, and elimination are different. Non-Hispanic blacks had significantly higher concentrations of MEP than did Mexican Americans and non-Hispanic whites. Compared with adolescents and adults, children had significantly higher levels of MBP, MBzP, and MEHP but had significantly lower concentrations of MEP. Females had significantly higher concentrations of MEP and MBzP than did males, but similar MEHP levels. Of particular interest, females of all ages had significantly higher concentrations of the reproductive toxicant MBP than did males of all ages; however, women of reproductive age (i.e., 20-39 years of age) had concentrations similar to adolescent girls and women greater than or equal to 40 years of age. These population data on exposure to phthalates will serve an important role in public health by helping to set research priorities and by establishing a nationally representative baseline of exposure with which population levels can be compared. JF - Environmental Health Perspectives AU - Silva, MJ AU - Barr, D B AU - Reidy, JA AU - Malek, NA AU - Hodge, C C AU - Caudill, S P AU - Brock, J W AU - Needham, L L AU - Calafat, A M AD - Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, 4770 Buford Hwy NE, Mailstop F17, Atlanta, GA 30341-3724, USA, Acalafat@cdc.gov Y1 - 2004/03// PY - 2004 DA - Mar 2004 SP - 331 EP - 338 VL - 112 IS - 3 SN - 0091-6765, 0091-6765 KW - man KW - Health & Safety Science Abstracts; Pollution Abstracts; Toxicology Abstracts KW - Age KW - Toxicants KW - Environmental health KW - Metabolites KW - Public health KW - Absorption KW - Adolescents KW - Children KW - Pharmacokinetics KW - Phthalic acid KW - USA KW - Urine KW - Metabolism KW - X 24156:Environmental impact KW - H 12000:Epidemiology and Public Health KW - P 6000:TOXICOLOGY AND HEALTH UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/17988579?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxicologyabstracts&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Environmental+Health+Perspectives&rft.atitle=Urinary+Levels+of+Seven+Phthalate+Metabolites+in+the+U.S.+Population+from+the+National+Health+and+Nutrition+Examination+survey+%28NHANES%29+1999-2000&rft.au=Silva%2C+MJ%3BBarr%2C+D+B%3BReidy%2C+JA%3BMalek%2C+NA%3BHodge%2C+C+C%3BCaudill%2C+S+P%3BBrock%2C+J+W%3BNeedham%2C+L+L%3BCalafat%2C+A+M&rft.aulast=Silva&rft.aufirst=MJ&rft.date=2004-03-01&rft.volume=112&rft.issue=3&rft.spage=331&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Environmental+Health+Perspectives&rft.issn=00916765&rft_id=info:doi/10.1289%2Fehp.6723 LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2010-05-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-14 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Age; Urine; Metabolites; Pharmacokinetics; Phthalic acid; Toxicants; Absorption; Environmental health; Children; Metabolism; Adolescents; Public health; USA DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1289/ehp.6723 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Applying New Biotechnologies to the Study of Occupational Cancer - A Workshop Summary AN - 17986971; 5914941 AB - As high-throughput technologies in genomics, transcriptomics, and proteomics evolve, questions arise about their use in the assessment of occupational cancers. To address these questions, the National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, the National Cancer Institute, the National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, and the American Chemistry Council sponsored a workshop 8-9 May 2002 in Washington, DC. The workshop brought together 80 international specialists whose objective was to identify the means for best exploiting new technologies to enhance methods for laboratory investigation, epidemiologic evaluation, risk assessment, and prevention of occupational cancer. The workshop focused on identifying and interpreting markers for early biologic effect and inherited modifiers of risk. JF - Environmental Health Perspectives AU - Toraason, M AU - Albertini, R AU - Bayard, S AU - Bigbee, W AU - Blair, A AU - Boffetta, P AU - Bonassi, S AU - Chanock, S AU - Christiani, D AU - Eastmond, D AU - Hanash, S AU - Henry, C AU - Kadlubar, F AU - Mirer, F AD - NIOSH C23, 4676 Columbia Parkway, Cincinnati, OH 45226, USA, mtoraason@cdc.gov Y1 - 2004/03// PY - 2004 DA - Mar 2004 SP - 413 EP - 416 VL - 112 IS - 4 SN - 0091-6765, 0091-6765 KW - Health & Safety Science Abstracts; Toxicology Abstracts; Risk Abstracts KW - Conferences KW - Cancer KW - risk reduction KW - occupational diseases KW - Reviews KW - Occupational hazards KW - Biotechnology KW - Occupational exposure KW - R2 23080:Industrial and labor KW - X 24250:Reviews KW - H 1000:Occupational Safety and Health UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/17986971?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Ariskabstracts&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Environmental+Health+Perspectives&rft.atitle=Applying+New+Biotechnologies+to+the+Study+of+Occupational+Cancer+-+A+Workshop+Summary&rft.au=Toraason%2C+M%3BAlbertini%2C+R%3BBayard%2C+S%3BBigbee%2C+W%3BBlair%2C+A%3BBoffetta%2C+P%3BBonassi%2C+S%3BChanock%2C+S%3BChristiani%2C+D%3BEastmond%2C+D%3BHanash%2C+S%3BHenry%2C+C%3BKadlubar%2C+F%3BMirer%2C+F&rft.aulast=Toraason&rft.aufirst=M&rft.date=2004-03-01&rft.volume=112&rft.issue=4&rft.spage=413&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Environmental+Health+Perspectives&rft.issn=00916765&rft_id=info:doi/10.1289%2Ftxg.6343 LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2010-05-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-14 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Reviews; Occupational hazards; Cancer; Occupational exposure; Biotechnology; risk reduction; occupational diseases; Conferences DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1289/txg.6343 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Acromioclavicular Dislocation: Conservative or Surgical Therapy AN - 17959128; 5901210 AB - Reference: Phillips AM, Smart C, Groom AFG. Acromioclavicular dislocation: conservative or surgical therapy. Clin Orthop. 1998; 353:10-17. Clinical Question: Among patients with acromioclavicular (AC) dislocation, does surgical intervention produce better outcomes than conservative therapy? Data Sources: Studies were identified by a MEDLINE search (1966-1997) and a manual search of the reference lists of each relevant study identified. The medical subject heading of acromioclavicular dislocation was used as the primary search term. Study Selection: The search was limited to English-language journals listed in Index Medicus. Studies were included if they described severely displaced dislocations of the AC joint, mostly characterized as grade III injuries (Allman or Rockwood classification) or if there was at least 1-cm displacement of the clavicle. If more than 1 study included the same group or subgroups of patients, the study with the best assessed methods was used. Studies were divided into 4 classifications: group 1, randomized trials of surgery versus conservative therapy; group 2, nonrandomized trials of surgery versus conservative therapy; group 3, surgical trials only; and group 4, conservative trials only. Data Extraction: Data-extraction and study quality-assessment procedures were not explained in detail. The primary outcome measures were overall outcome, return to work, return to premorbid activities, complications, and radiographic features. Secondary measures were pain, range of motion, and strength. RevMan software (version 1.05; Cochrane Centre, Oxford, UK) was used for statistical analysis. Main Results: Specific search criteria identified 600 articles for review, of which 24 met inclusion and exclusion criteria: 2 in group 2, 3 in group 3, 14 in group 4, and 5 in group 4. A total of 1172 patients were represented (surgical treatment = 833, mean = 43.7 months' follow-up; conservative treatment = 339, mean = 60.4 months' follow-up). Both surgically and conservatively treated patients reported similar overall satisfactory outcome (88% surgical versus 87% conservative). Patients with surgical treatment reported longer time to return to work and premorbid activities. Among patients treated surgically, 59% had additional surgery, 6% had wound breakdown, 20% had fixation failure, and 3% reported residual deformity. Only 1% of conservatively treated patients reported wound problems, 6% had additional surgery, and 37% reported residual deformity. In only 1 study did the authors report the incidence of posttraumatic arthritis: 25% among surgically treated and 43% among conservatively treated patients. Analysis of secondary outcomes suggests that both groups had little or no pain (93% surgical, 96% conservative) but more conservatively treated patients had normal to near-normal range of motion (95% versus 86%) and normal strength (92% versus 87%). Conservative treatment of AC dislocations is 21% more likely to result in a satisfactory outcome than surgical treatment (odds ratio = 0.79, 95% confidence interval = 0.36, 1.71). The need for additional surgery is 7.4 times more likely and infection is 3.2 times more likely with surgical management. Conclusions: These data suggest that the current evidence does not support surgical treatment of grade III AC dislocations with respect to overall patient satisfaction as well as clinical outcomes such as pain, range of motion, and strength. JF - Journal of Athletic Training AU - Hootman, J M AD - National Center for Chronic Disease Prevention and Health Promotion, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, 4770 Buford Highway NE, Mailstop K-45, Atlanta, GA 30341, USA, jhootman@cdc.gov Y1 - 2004/03// PY - 2004 DA - Mar 2004 SP - 10 EP - 11 VL - 39 IS - 1 SN - 1062-6050, 1062-6050 KW - Physical Education Index KW - Evaluation KW - Strength KW - Flexibility KW - Surgery KW - Therapy KW - Intervention KW - Pain KW - Patients KW - Treatment KW - Joints KW - PE 090:Sports Medicine & Exercise Sport Science UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/17959128?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aphysicaleducation&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Athletic+Training&rft.atitle=Acromioclavicular+Dislocation%3A+Conservative+or+Surgical+Therapy&rft.au=Hootman%2C+J+M&rft.aulast=Hootman&rft.aufirst=J&rft.date=2004-03-01&rft.volume=39&rft.issue=1&rft.spage=10&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+Athletic+Training&rft.issn=10626050&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - Physical Education Index N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Surgery; Therapy; Patients; Intervention; Joints; Evaluation; Strength; Flexibility; Pain; Treatment ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Rapid assessment procedures in injury control AN - 17920748; 5862891 AB - Injuries are among the leading causes of death and disability worldwide. The burden caused by injuries is even greater among the poorer nations and is projected to increase. Very often the lack of technical and financial resources, as well as the urgency of the problem, preclude applying sophisticated surveillance and research methods for generating relevant information to develop effective interventions. In these settings, it is necessary to consider more rapid and less costly methods in applying the public health approach to the problem of injury prevention and control. Rapid Assessment Procedures (RAP), developed within the fields of epidemiology, anthropology and health administration, can provide valid information in a manner that is quicker, simpler, and less costly than standard data collection methods. RAP have been applied widely and successfully to infectious and chronic disease issues, but have not been used extensively, if at all, as tools in injury control. This paper describes Rapid Assessment Procedures that (1) are useful for understanding the scope of the problem and for identifying potential risk factors, (2) can assist practitioners in determining intervention priorities, (3) can provide in-depth knowledge about a specific injury-related problem, and (4) can be used in surveillance systems to monitor outcomes. Finally, the paper describes some of the caveats in using RAP. JF - Injury Control and Safety Promotion AU - Klevens, J AU - Anderson, M AD - Division of Violence Prevention, National Center for Injury Control and Prevention, Centers for Disease Control, 4770 Buford Highway, Mailstop K-60, Atlanta, GA 30341, USA, jklevens@cdc.gov Y1 - 2004/03// PY - 2004 DA - Mar 2004 SP - 9 EP - 15 VL - 11 IS - 1 SN - 1566-0974, 1566-0974 KW - disabilities KW - prevention KW - Health & Safety Science Abstracts KW - Mortality KW - Injuries KW - Socioeconomics KW - H 11000:Diseases/Injuries/Trauma UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/17920748?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Ahealthsafetyabstracts&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Injury+Control+and+Safety+Promotion&rft.atitle=Rapid+assessment+procedures+in+injury+control&rft.au=Klevens%2C+J%3BAnderson%2C+M&rft.aulast=Klevens&rft.aufirst=J&rft.date=2004-03-01&rft.volume=11&rft.issue=1&rft.spage=9&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Injury+Control+and+Safety+Promotion&rft.issn=15660974&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Injuries; Socioeconomics; Mortality ER - TY - JOUR T1 - The Impact of Stretching on Sports Injury Risk: A Systematic Review of the Literature AN - 17917407; 5866662 AB - Purpose: We conducted a systematic review to assess the evidence for the effectiveness of stretching as a tool to prevent injuries in sports and to make recommendations for research and prevention. Methods: Without language limitations, we searched electronic data bases, including MEDLINE (1966-2002), Current Contents (1997-2002), Biomedical Collection (1993-1999), the Cochrane Library, and SPORTDiscus, and then identified citations from papers retrieved and contacted experts in the field. Meta-analysis was limited to randomized trials or cohort studies for interventions that included stretching. Studies were excluded that lacked controls, in which stretching could not be assessed independently, or where studies did not include subjects in sporting or fitness activities. All articles were screened initially by one author. Six of 361 identified articles compared stretching with other methods to prevent injury. Data were abstracted by one author and then reviewed independently by three others. Data quality was assessed independently by three authors using a previously standardized instrument, and reviewers met to reconcile substantive differences in interpretation. We calculated weighted pooled odds ratios based on an intention-to-treat analysis as well as subgroup analyses by quality score and study design. Results: Stretching was not significantly associated with a reduction in total injuries (OR = 0.93, CI 0.78-1.11) and similar findings were seen in the subgroup analyses. Conclusion: There is not sufficient evidence to endorse or discontinue routine stretching before or after exercise to prevent injury among competitive or recreational athletes. Further research, especially well-conducted randomized controlled trials, is urgently needed to determine the proper role of stretching in sports. JF - Medicine & Science in Sports & Exercise AU - Thacker, S B AU - Gilchrist, J AU - Stroup, D F AU - Kimsey, CD Jr AD - Epidemiology Program Office, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, MS C08, Atlanta, GA 30333, USA, sbt1@cdc.gov Y1 - 2004/03// PY - 2004 DA - Mar 2004 SP - 371 EP - 378 VL - 36 IS - 3 SN - 0195-9131, 0195-9131 KW - stretching KW - Health & Safety Science Abstracts; Risk Abstracts; Physical Education Index KW - Fitness KW - Injuries KW - Preventive health KW - Intervention KW - Sports KW - Stretching KW - sports related injuries KW - Evaluation KW - physical training KW - Reviews KW - Analysis KW - Risk factors KW - Activities KW - H 11000:Diseases/Injuries/Trauma KW - PE 090:Sports Medicine & Exercise Sport Science KW - R2 23060:Medical and environmental health UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/17917407?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Ariskabstracts&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Medicine+%26+Science+in+Sports+%26+Exercise&rft.atitle=The+Impact+of+Stretching+on+Sports+Injury+Risk%3A+A+Systematic+Review+of+the+Literature&rft.au=Thacker%2C+S+B%3BGilchrist%2C+J%3BStroup%2C+D+F%3BKimsey%2C+CD+Jr&rft.aulast=Thacker&rft.aufirst=S&rft.date=2004-03-01&rft.volume=36&rft.issue=3&rft.spage=371&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Medicine+%26+Science+in+Sports+%26+Exercise&rft.issn=01959131&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - Physical Education Index; ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Stretching; Sports; Injuries; Risk factors; Evaluation; Preventive health; Analysis; Intervention; Fitness; Activities; Reviews; physical training; sports related injuries ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Characterization of Three New Enterococcal Species, Enterococcus sp. nov. CDC PNS-E1, Enterococcus sp. nov. CDC PNS-E2, and Enterococcus sp. nov. CDC PNS-E3, Isolated from Human Clinical Specimens AN - 17893361; 5857420 AB - As a reference laboratory, the Streptococcus Laboratory at the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) is frequently asked to confirm the identity of unusual or difficult-to-identify catalase-negative, gram-positive cocci. In order to accomplish the precise identification of these microorganisms, we have systematically applied analysis of whole-cell protein profiles (WCPP) and DNA-DNA reassociation experiments, in conjunction with conventional physiological tests. Using this approach, we recently focused on the characterization of three strains resembling the physiological groups I (strain SS-1730) II (strain SS-1729), and IV (strain SS-1728) of enterococcal species. Two strains were isolated from human blood, and one was isolated from human brain tissue. The results of physiological testing were not consistent enough to allow confident inclusion of the strains in any of the known enterococcal species. Resistance to vancomycin was detected in one of the strains (SS-1729). Analysis of WCPP showed unique profiles for each strain, which were not similar to the profiles of any previously described Enterococcus species. 16S ribosomal DNA (rDNA) sequencing results revealed three new taxa within the genus Enterococcus. The results of DNA-DNA relatedness experiments were consistent with the results of WCPP analysis and 16S rDNA sequencing, since the percentages of homology with all 25 known species of Enterococcus were lower than 70%. Overall, the results indicate that these three strains constitute three new species of Enterococcus identified from human clinical sources, including one that harbors the vanA gene. The isolates were provisionally designated Enterococcus sp. nov. CDC Proposed New Species of Enterococcus 1 (CDC PNS-E1), type strain SS-1728 super(T) (= ATCC BAA-780 super(T) = CCUG 47860 super(T)); Enterococcus sp. nov. CDC PNS-E2, type strain SS-1729 super(T) (= ATCC BAA-781 super(T) = CCUG 47861 super(T)); and Enterococcus sp. nov. CDC PNS-E3, type strain SS-1730 super(T) (= ATCC BAA- 782 super(T) = CCUG 47862 super(T)). JF - Journal of Clinical Microbiology AU - Carvalho, MAS AU - Steigerwalt, A G AU - Morey, R E AU - Shewmaker, P L AU - Teixeira, L M AU - Facklam, R R AD - Centers for Diseases Control and Prevention, 1600 Clifton Rd., Mail Stop C02, Atlanta, GA 30333, rrf2@cdc.gov Y1 - 2004/03// PY - 2004 DA - Mar 2004 SP - 1192 EP - 1198 PB - American Society for Microbiology, 1752 N Street N.W. Washington, DC 20036 USA, [URL:http://www.asm.org/] VL - 42 IS - 3 SN - 0095-1137, 0095-1137 KW - Microbiology Abstracts B: Bacteriology KW - Clinical isolates KW - vanA gene KW - Brain KW - Hybridization analysis KW - Blood KW - Enterococcus KW - DNA KW - Vancomycin KW - Proteins KW - Taxonomy KW - rRNA 16S KW - Antibiotic resistance KW - J 02710:Identification, taxonomy and typing UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/17893361?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologyb&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Clinical+Microbiology&rft.atitle=Characterization+of+Three+New+Enterococcal+Species%2C+Enterococcus+sp.+nov.+CDC+PNS-E1%2C+Enterococcus+sp.+nov.+CDC+PNS-E2%2C+and+Enterococcus+sp.+nov.+CDC+PNS-E3%2C+Isolated+from+Human+Clinical+Specimens&rft.au=Carvalho%2C+MAS%3BSteigerwalt%2C+A+G%3BMorey%2C+R+E%3BShewmaker%2C+P+L%3BTeixeira%2C+L+M%3BFacklam%2C+R+R&rft.aulast=Carvalho&rft.aufirst=MAS&rft.date=2004-03-01&rft.volume=42&rft.issue=3&rft.spage=1192&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+Clinical+Microbiology&rft.issn=00951137&rft_id=info:doi/10.1128%2FJCM.42.3.1192-1198.2004 LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Enterococcus; Clinical isolates; Taxonomy; Blood; Brain; Proteins; DNA; Hybridization analysis; rRNA 16S; vanA gene; Vancomycin; Antibiotic resistance DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/JCM.42.3.1192-1198.2004 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Identification of a Mycobacterium tuberculosis Strain with Stable, Low- Level Resistance to Isoniazid AN - 17890018; 5857456 AB - We have identified a potential quality control strain of Mycobacterium tuberculosis to monitor isoniazid susceptibility testing. This strain (strain A) has a stable phenotypic low-level resistance to isoniazid, has a mutation of C (-15) -> T in the inhA promoter region, and gave consistent susceptibility test results in 141 laboratories. JF - Journal of Clinical Microbiology AU - Madison, B M AU - Siddiqi, SH AU - Heifets, L AU - Gross, W AU - Higgins, M AU - Warren, N AU - Thompson, A AU - Morlock, G AU - Ridderhof, J C AD - Office Division of Laboratory Systems, Public Health Practice Program, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, 4770 Buford Highway, N.E., MS G-25, Atlanta, GA 30341, bdm6@cdc.gov Y1 - 2004/03// PY - 2004 DA - Mar 2004 SP - 1294 EP - 1295 PB - American Society for Microbiology, 1752 N Street N.W. Washington, DC 20036 USA, [URL:http://www.asm.org/] VL - 42 IS - 3 SN - 0095-1137, 0095-1137 KW - Microbiology Abstracts B: Bacteriology KW - Promoters KW - Laboratories KW - INHA gene KW - Tuberculosis KW - Antibiotic resistance KW - Mutants KW - Isoniazid KW - Mycobacterium tuberculosis KW - J 02795:Antibiotic resistance UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/17890018?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologyb&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Clinical+Microbiology&rft.atitle=Identification+of+a+Mycobacterium+tuberculosis+Strain+with+Stable%2C+Low-+Level+Resistance+to+Isoniazid&rft.au=Madison%2C+B+M%3BSiddiqi%2C+SH%3BHeifets%2C+L%3BGross%2C+W%3BHiggins%2C+M%3BWarren%2C+N%3BThompson%2C+A%3BMorlock%2C+G%3BRidderhof%2C+J+C&rft.aulast=Madison&rft.aufirst=B&rft.date=2004-03-01&rft.volume=42&rft.issue=3&rft.spage=1294&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+Clinical+Microbiology&rft.issn=00951137&rft_id=info:doi/10.1128%2FJCM.42.3.1294-1295.2004 LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Mycobacterium tuberculosis; Tuberculosis; Antibiotic resistance; Isoniazid; Mutants; INHA gene; Promoters; Laboratories DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/JCM.42.3.1294-1295.2004 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Initiation of sexual intercourse among middle school adolescents: the influence of psychosocial factors AN - 17672584; 5856729 AB - To explore potential psychosocial predictors for initiation of sexual intercourse among middle-school, inner-city youth, using longitudinal data from the Healthy and Alive! project. We conducted hierarchical, logistic regression with adjustment for intraclass correlation over two sequential periods, including seventh and eighth grades (N = 3163), to assess the independent influence of psychosocial and demographic factors. Internally reliable scales to assess psychosocial influences were created, based on major theories of behavior. The sample was 52% female, 51% black, 30% Hispanic, 9% white, and 3% Asian. At baseline, 13% of girls and 39% of boys reported already having initiated sexual intercourse. Personal and perceived peer norms about refraining from sex were a strong and consistent protective factor. Alcohol and other drug use, poor academic performance, male gender, and black race were consistent risk factors. Self-efficacy showed a mixed effect: protective in the seventh grade but increasing risk in the eighth grade. Speaking a language other than English was a protective factor in seventh grade. Both psychosocial and demographic factors provided independent explanatory power. Conclusions: Psychosocial factors, particularly norms about having sex, influence initiation of sexual intercourse. These data suggest that programs to delay initiation of sexual intercourse should reinforce norms about refraining from sex. JF - Journal of Adolescent Health AU - Santelli, J S AU - Kaiser, J AU - Hirsch, L AU - Radosh, A AU - Simkin, L AU - Middlestadt, S AD - Division of Reproductive Health, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia, USA (J.S.S.), jsantelli@cdc.gov Y1 - 2004/03// PY - 2004 DA - Mar 2004 SP - 200 EP - 208 PB - Elsevier Science Ltd., The Boulevard Langford Lane Kidlington Oxford OX5 1GB UK, [mailto:usinfo-f@elsevier.com], [URL:http://www.elsevier.nl] VL - 34 IS - 3 SN - 1054-139X, 1054-139X KW - Risk Abstracts KW - R2 23110:Psychological aspects UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/17672584?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Ariskabstracts&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Adolescent+Health&rft.atitle=Initiation+of+sexual+intercourse+among+middle+school+adolescents%3A+the+influence+of+psychosocial+factors&rft.au=Santelli%2C+J+S%3BKaiser%2C+J%3BHirsch%2C+L%3BRadosh%2C+A%3BSimkin%2C+L%3BMiddlestadt%2C+S&rft.aulast=Santelli&rft.aufirst=J&rft.date=2004-03-01&rft.volume=34&rft.issue=3&rft.spage=200&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+Adolescent+Health&rft.issn=1054139X&rft_id=info:doi/10.1016%2Fj.jadohealth.2003.06.004 LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-09-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jadohealth.2003.06.004 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Human exposure to uranium in groundwater AN - 16188224; 5932966 AB - High concentrations of uranium (mean=620 mu g/L) were detected in water samples collected from private wells in a residential community. Based on isotopic analyses, the source of the uranium contamination appeared to be from naturally occurring geological deposits. In homes where well water concentrations of uranium exceeded the drinking water standard, the residents were advised to use an alternate water source for potable purposes. Several months after the residents had stopped drinking the water, urine samples were collected and tested for uranium. Elevated concentrations of uranium (mean=0.40 mu g/g creatinine) were detected in urine samples, and 85 percent of the urine uranium concentrations exceeded the 95th percentile concentration of a national reference population. Urine uranium concentrations were positively correlated with water uranium concentrations, but not with the participants' ages or how long they had been drinking the water. Six months later, a second urine sample was collected and tested for uranium. Urine uranium concentrations decreased in most (63 percent) of the people. In those people with the highest initial urine uranium concentrations, the urine levels decreased an average of 78 percent. However, urine uranium concentrations remained elevated (mean=0.27 mu g/g), and 87 percent of the urine uranium concentrations exceeded the 95th percentile concentration of the reference population. The results of this investigation demonstrated that after long-term ingestion of uranium in drinking water, elevated concentrations of uranium in urine could be detected up to 10 months after exposure had stopped. JF - Environmental Research AU - Orloff, K G AU - Mistry, K AU - Charp, P AU - Metcalf, S AU - Marino, R AU - Shelly, T AU - Melaro, E AU - Donohoe, A M AU - Jones, R L AD - Agency for Toxic Substances and Disease Registry, 1600 Clifton Road, MS-E32, Atlanta, GA 30333, USA, keo1@cdc.gov Y1 - 2004/03// PY - 2004 DA - Mar 2004 SP - 319 EP - 326 VL - 94 IS - 3 SN - 0013-9351, 0013-9351 KW - man KW - Meteorological & Geoastrophysical Abstracts; Toxicology Abstracts; Aqualine Abstracts; Water Resources Abstracts; Pollution Abstracts; Health & Safety Science Abstracts KW - Water sampling KW - Contamination KW - Groundwater Pollution KW - Well Water KW - Drinking Water KW - Uranium in groundwater KW - Exposure KW - Uranium KW - Ground water KW - Testing Procedures KW - Pollution detection KW - Ingestion KW - Water quality standards KW - Water pollution KW - Radioactive contamination of groundwater KW - Urine KW - Radioisotopes KW - Water wells KW - Groundwater pollution KW - Standards KW - Drinking water KW - X 24120:Food, additives & contaminants KW - H 8000:Radiation Safety/Electrical Safety KW - P 8000:RADIATION KW - M2 556.38:Groundwater Basins (556.38) KW - AQ 00008:Effects of Pollution KW - SW 3030:Effects of pollution UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16188224?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aaqualine&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Environmental+Research&rft.atitle=Human+exposure+to+uranium+in+groundwater&rft.au=Orloff%2C+K+G%3BMistry%2C+K%3BCharp%2C+P%3BMetcalf%2C+S%3BMarino%2C+R%3BShelly%2C+T%3BMelaro%2C+E%3BDonohoe%2C+A+M%3BJones%2C+R+L&rft.aulast=Orloff&rft.aufirst=K&rft.date=2004-03-01&rft.volume=94&rft.issue=3&rft.spage=319&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Environmental+Research&rft.issn=00139351&rft_id=info:doi/10.1016%2FS0013-9351%2803%2900115-4 LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2005-10-01 N1 - Last updated - 2015-03-24 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Contamination; Urine; Uranium; Ground water; Drinking water; Water pollution; Uranium in groundwater; Groundwater pollution; Radioactive contamination of groundwater; Pollution detection; Water sampling; Radioisotopes; Water wells; Water quality standards; Ingestion; Testing Procedures; Drinking Water; Exposure; Standards; Groundwater Pollution; Well Water DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0013-9351(03)00115-4 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Semi-Empirical Model for Predicting Surface Coal Mine Drill Respirable Dust Emissions AN - 16184393; 6107634 AB - Over exposure to airborne respirable crystalline silica dust can cause serious or fatal respiratory disease and mine worker exposure to silica dust continues to be an ongoing occupational health concern. Exposures of surface coal mine rock drillers to respirable crystalline silica are of particular concern. MSHA dust exposure data from 1985-1992 showed that the percentage of the highwall drill dust samples (Designated Work Position, DWP) having greater than 5 percent silica and exceeding the 100 mu g/m super(3) silica limit were 81 percent and 77 percent, respectively. Although a recent analysis of the MSHA data from 1996-2000 shows that the percentage of the DWP drill dust samples exceeding the permissible exposure limit has dropped to 31 percent, MSHA data still suggests that over exposure to silica dust is an ongoing surface coal mine dust problem for the highwall drill operator. On surface coal mine drills, bailing airflow flushes out the drill hole by removing the cuttings from the hole. Conveyor belting material is typically used to fabricate a shroud around the drill deck in an effort to contain the drill dust so that it can be captured by a collector. Dust leakage from the drill shroud is usually the worst dust source problem on most drills. The focus of this work is drill shroud dust leakage and the relationships of various drilling parameters on this leakage. Experimental data was obtained and used in combination with dimensional analysis to establish these relationships. In general, it is found that airborne respirable dust concentrations vary in a direct relationship with shroud leakage area and in an inverse relationship with drill deck cross-sectional area and shroud height. JF - International Journal of Surface Mining, Reclamation and Environment AU - Page, S J AU - Organiscak, JA AD - Pittsburgh Research Laboratory, Department of Health & Human Services, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, National Institute for Occupational Safety & Health, P.O. Box 18070, Pittsburgh, PA 15236, USA, sep8@cdc.gov Y1 - 2004/03// PY - 2004 DA - Mar 2004 SP - 42 EP - 59 VL - 18 IS - 1 SN - 1389-5265, 1389-5265 KW - Health & Safety Science Abstracts; Pollution Abstracts KW - Mortality KW - silica KW - Coal KW - Mining KW - Respiratory diseases KW - Dust KW - Industrial emissions KW - Occupational exposure KW - H 1000:Occupational Safety and Health KW - P 6000:TOXICOLOGY AND HEALTH UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16184393?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Apollution&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=International+Journal+of+Surface+Mining%2C+Reclamation+and+Environment&rft.atitle=Semi-Empirical+Model+for+Predicting+Surface+Coal+Mine+Drill+Respirable+Dust+Emissions&rft.au=Page%2C+S+J%3BOrganiscak%2C+JA&rft.aulast=Page&rft.aufirst=S&rft.date=2004-03-01&rft.volume=18&rft.issue=1&rft.spage=42&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=International+Journal+of+Surface+Mining%2C+Reclamation+and+Environment&rft.issn=13895265&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2005-12-01 N1 - Last updated - 2015-03-24 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Mortality; silica; Respiratory diseases; Mining; Coal; Occupational exposure; Industrial emissions; Dust ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Ambient hydrogen sulfide, total reduced sulfur, and hospital visits for respiratory diseases in northeast Nebraska, 1998-2000 AN - 16177851; 5924935 AB - This analysis examined associations between total reduced sulfur (TRS) and hydrogen sulfide (H sub(2)S) levels, and hospital visits for respiratory disease among residents of Dakota City and South Sioux City, Nebraska, from January 1998 to May 2000. For reference, the association between TRS, H sub(2)S, and digestive diseases was also examined. Time-series analyses of daily hospital visits in the selected outcome categories and measures of TRS and H sub(2)S were performed using generalized additive models with a Poisson link. TRS and H sub(2)S levels were categorized as high if at least one of the daily 30-min rolling averages was greater than or equal to 30 ppb and as low if every rolling average was <30 ppb. Loess smoothers allowed for flexible modeling of the time effect and the effect of temperature and relative humidity. The measure of association used was the mean percent change in the average number of hospital visits recorded following a day with a high exposure versus a day with a low exposure. For children less than 18 years of age, a positive association was found between asthma hospital visits and 1-day lagged TRS levels. For adults, a positive association was found between asthma hospital visits and H sub(2)S levels on the previous day. A positive association also was found between hospital visits for all respiratory diseases, and H sub(2)S and TRS levels on the previous day for children but not for adults. No association was found between contaminant levels and hospital visits for all digestive diseases. These findings suggest that TRS or H sub(2)S levels may be associated with exacerbations of asthma or other respiratory diseases among the residents of Dakota City and South Sioux City. JF - Journal of Exposure Analysis and Environmental Epidemiology AU - Campagna, D AU - Kathman, S J AU - Pierson, R AU - Inserra, S G AU - Phifer, B L AU - Middleton, D C AU - Zarus, G M AU - White, M C AD - Health Investigations Branch, Division of Health Studies, Agency for Toxic Substances and Disease Registry (ATSDR), 1600 Clifton Road, NE, MS E-31, Atlanta, GA 30333, USA, sai0@cdc.gov Y1 - 2004/03// PY - 2004 DA - Mar 2004 SP - 180 EP - 187 VL - 14 IS - 2 SN - 1053-4245, 1053-4245 KW - Pollution Abstracts; Health & Safety Science Abstracts KW - Air pollution KW - Sulfur KW - USA, Nebraska KW - Temperature KW - Pollution effects KW - Environmental health KW - Humidity KW - Asthma KW - Respiratory diseases KW - Hydrogen sulfide KW - Emergency medical services KW - H 12000:Epidemiology and Public Health KW - P 6000:TOXICOLOGY AND HEALTH UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16177851?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Apollution&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Exposure+Analysis+and+Environmental+Epidemiology&rft.atitle=Ambient+hydrogen+sulfide%2C+total+reduced+sulfur%2C+and+hospital+visits+for+respiratory+diseases+in+northeast+Nebraska%2C+1998-2000&rft.au=Campagna%2C+D%3BKathman%2C+S+J%3BPierson%2C+R%3BInserra%2C+S+G%3BPhifer%2C+B+L%3BMiddleton%2C+D+C%3BZarus%2C+G+M%3BWhite%2C+M+C&rft.aulast=Campagna&rft.aufirst=D&rft.date=2004-03-01&rft.volume=14&rft.issue=2&rft.spage=180&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+Exposure+Analysis+and+Environmental+Epidemiology&rft.issn=10534245&rft_id=info:doi/10.1038%2Fsj.jea.7500313 LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2004-10-01 N1 - Last updated - 2015-03-24 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Sulfur; Air pollution; Temperature; Asthma; Humidity; Environmental health; Pollution effects; Respiratory diseases; Hydrogen sulfide; Emergency medical services; USA, Nebraska DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/sj.jea.7500313 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Assessment of urinary metals following exposure to a large vegetative fire, New Mexico, 2000 AN - 16174418; 5924929 AB - In May 2000, a vegetative fire burned 47,000 acres in northern New Mexico, including 7500 acres of land administered by the Los Alamos National Laboratory. We evaluated potential human exposures from the fire. We surveyed two populations (firefighters and the general population) in four cities for urine heavy metal concentrations. Reference concentrations were based on the Third National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES III). Multivariate linear regression assessed the association of urinary metal concentrations with smoke exposure. We also performed isotopic analysis of uranium and cesium on a subset of specimens. A total of 92 firefighters and 135 nonfirefighters participated. In both populations, urinary nickel, cesium, chromium, and uranium concentrations were greater than expected compared with NHANES III reference values. No values required immediate medical follow-up. Regression analysis demonstrated that for National Guard members, arsenic and cadmium levels were significantly related to smoke exposure, and for firefighters, cesium and arsenic levels were significantly related to exposure; however, only for cesium in National Guard members was this association in the positive direction. Isotopic analysis demonstrated that the cesium and uranium were naturally occurring. Some people had spot urine metal concentrations above nationally derived reference values, and values for some metals were associated with smoke exposure. These associations had little public health or clinical importance. Studies of exposures resulting from vegetative fires are difficult, and careful consideration should be given to the technical and communication processes at the outset of a fire exposure investigation. Recommendations for future investigations include testing as soon as possible during or after a fire, and early clinical consultation with a medical toxicologist. JF - Journal of Exposure Analysis and Environmental Epidemiology AU - Wolfe, MI AU - Mott, JA AU - Voorhees, R E AU - Sewell, C M AU - Paschal, D AU - Wood, C M AU - McKinney, P E AU - Redd, S AD - Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, 1600 Clifton Road, MS E-46, Atlanta, GA 30329, USA, msw6@cdc.gov Y1 - 2004/03// PY - 2004 DA - Mar 2004 SP - 120 EP - 128 VL - 14 IS - 2 SN - 1053-4245, 1053-4245 KW - Pollution Abstracts; Health & Safety Science Abstracts KW - Bioindicators KW - Air pollution KW - Smoke KW - USA, New Mexico KW - Heavy metals KW - Urine KW - Vegetation KW - Pollution effects KW - Toxicity KW - Occupational exposure KW - Public health KW - H 12000:Epidemiology and Public Health KW - P 6000:TOXICOLOGY AND HEALTH UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16174418?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Apollution&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Exposure+Analysis+and+Environmental+Epidemiology&rft.atitle=Assessment+of+urinary+metals+following+exposure+to+a+large+vegetative+fire%2C+New+Mexico%2C+2000&rft.au=Wolfe%2C+MI%3BMott%2C+JA%3BVoorhees%2C+R+E%3BSewell%2C+C+M%3BPaschal%2C+D%3BWood%2C+C+M%3BMcKinney%2C+P+E%3BRedd%2C+S&rft.aulast=Wolfe&rft.aufirst=MI&rft.date=2004-03-01&rft.volume=14&rft.issue=2&rft.spage=120&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+Exposure+Analysis+and+Environmental+Epidemiology&rft.issn=10534245&rft_id=info:doi/10.1038%2Fsj.jea.7500299 LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2004-10-01 N1 - Last updated - 2015-03-24 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Smoke; Air pollution; Bioindicators; Urine; Heavy metals; Pollution effects; Vegetation; Toxicity; Occupational exposure; Public health; USA, New Mexico DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/sj.jea.7500299 ER - TY - CPAPER T1 - Changing algorithms in syphilis diagnosis AN - 39831812; 3819405 AU - Pope, V Y1 - 2004/02/26/ PY - 2004 DA - 2004 Feb 26 KW - CPI, Conference Papers Index KW - U 2000:Biology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/39831812?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Acpi&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=conference&rft.jtitle=&rft.atitle=Changing+algorithms+in+syphilis+diagnosis&rft.au=Pope%2C+V&rft.aulast=Pope&rft.aufirst=V&rft.date=2004-02-26&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - SuppNotes - Availability: American Society for Microbiology, 1752 N Street N.W., Washington, DC 20036, USA; URL: www.icaac.org N1 - Last updated - 2010-05-03 ER - TY - CPAPER T1 - West Nile virus overview: United States AN - 39812237; 3819413 AU - Petersen, L R Y1 - 2004/02/26/ PY - 2004 DA - 2004 Feb 26 KW - CPI, Conference Papers Index KW - U 2000:Biology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/39812237?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Acpi&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=conference&rft.jtitle=&rft.atitle=West+Nile+virus+overview%3A+United+States&rft.au=Petersen%2C+L+R&rft.aulast=Petersen&rft.aufirst=L&rft.date=2004-02-26&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - SuppNotes - Availability: American Society for Microbiology, 1752 N Street N.W., Washington, DC 20036, USA; URL: www.icaac.org N1 - Last updated - 2010-05-03 ER - TY - CPAPER T1 - National electronic disease surveillance system (NEDSS): Opportunities for linking hospitals and public health AN - 39812115; 3819389 AU - Broome, C V Y1 - 2004/02/26/ PY - 2004 DA - 2004 Feb 26 KW - CPI, Conference Papers Index KW - U 2000:Biology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/39812115?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Acpi&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=conference&rft.jtitle=&rft.atitle=National+electronic+disease+surveillance+system+%28NEDSS%29%3A+Opportunities+for+linking+hospitals+and+public+health&rft.au=Broome%2C+C+V&rft.aulast=Broome&rft.aufirst=C&rft.date=2004-02-26&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - SuppNotes - Availability: American Society for Microbiology, 1752 N Street N.W., Washington, DC 20036, USA; URL: www.icaac.org N1 - Last updated - 2010-05-03 ER - TY - CPAPER T1 - MRSA AN - 39797661; 3819373 AU - Elise, B M Y1 - 2004/02/26/ PY - 2004 DA - 2004 Feb 26 KW - CPI, Conference Papers Index KW - U 2000:Biology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/39797661?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Acpi&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=conference&rft.jtitle=&rft.atitle=MRSA&rft.au=Elise%2C+B+M&rft.aulast=Elise&rft.aufirst=B&rft.date=2004-02-26&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - SuppNotes - Availability: American Society for Microbiology, 1752 N Street N.W., Washington, DC 20036, USA; URL: www.icaac.org N1 - Last updated - 2010-05-03 ER - TY - CPAPER T1 - West Nile virus genetics and diagnostic methods AN - 39759475; 3819417 AU - Lanciotti, R S Y1 - 2004/02/26/ PY - 2004 DA - 2004 Feb 26 KW - CPI, Conference Papers Index KW - U 2000:Biology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/39759475?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Acpi&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=conference&rft.jtitle=&rft.atitle=West+Nile+virus+genetics+and+diagnostic+methods&rft.au=Lanciotti%2C+R+S&rft.aulast=Lanciotti&rft.aufirst=R&rft.date=2004-02-26&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - SuppNotes - Availability: American Society for Microbiology, 1752 N Street N.W., Washington, DC 20036, USA; URL: www.icaac.org N1 - Last updated - 2010-05-03 ER - TY - CPAPER T1 - Challenging bacterial resistance issues: VRE, vancomycin-tolerant Streptococcus pneumoniae, inducible lincosamide resistance, ESBLs AN - 39755718; 3819297 AU - Tenover, F C Y1 - 2004/02/26/ PY - 2004 DA - 2004 Feb 26 KW - CPI, Conference Papers Index KW - U 2000:Biology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/39755718?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Acpi&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=conference&rft.jtitle=&rft.atitle=Challenging+bacterial+resistance+issues%3A+VRE%2C+vancomycin-tolerant+Streptococcus+pneumoniae%2C+inducible+lincosamide+resistance%2C+ESBLs&rft.au=Tenover%2C+F+C&rft.aulast=Tenover&rft.aufirst=F&rft.date=2004-02-26&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - SuppNotes - Availability: American Society for Microbiology, 1752 N Street N.W., Washington, DC 20036, USA; URL: www.icaac.org N1 - Last updated - 2010-05-03 ER - TY - CPAPER T1 - Detection of nosocomial infections assisted by the computer algorithm AN - 39750712; 3819387 AU - Trick, W E Y1 - 2004/02/26/ PY - 2004 DA - 2004 Feb 26 KW - CPI, Conference Papers Index KW - U 2000:Biology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/39750712?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Acpi&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=conference&rft.jtitle=&rft.atitle=Detection+of+nosocomial+infections+assisted+by+the+computer+algorithm&rft.au=Trick%2C+W+E&rft.aulast=Trick&rft.aufirst=W&rft.date=2004-02-26&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - SuppNotes - Availability: American Society for Microbiology, 1752 N Street N.W., Washington, DC 20036, USA; URL: www.icaac.org N1 - Last updated - 2010-05-03 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Role of inducible nitric oxide synthase-derived nitric oxide in lipopolysaccharide plus interferon- gamma -induced pulmonary inflammation AN - 17954331; 5898627 AB - Exposure of mice to lipopolysaccharide (LPS) plus interferon- gamma (IFN- gamma ) increases nitric oxide (NO) production, which is proposed to play a role in the resulting pulmonary damage and inflammation. To determine the role of inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS)-induced NO in this lung reaction, the responses of inducible nitric oxide synthase knockout (iNOS KO) versus C57BL/6J wild-type (WT) mice to aspirated LPS + IFN- gamma were compared. Male mice (8-10 weeks) were exposed to LPS (1.2 mg/kg) + IFN- gamma (5000 U/mouse) or saline. At 24 or 72 h postexposure, lungs were lavaged with saline and the acellular fluid from the first bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) was analyzed for total antioxidant capacity (TAC), lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) activity, albumin, tumor necrosis factor- alpha (TNF- alpha ), and macrophage inflammatory protein-2 (MIP-2). The cellular fraction of the total BAL was used to determine alveolar macrophage (AM) and polymorphonuclear leukocyte (PMN) counts, and AM zymosan-stimulated chemiluminescence (AM-CL). Pulmonary responses 24 h postexposure to LPS + IFN- gamma were characterized by significantly decreased TAC, increased BAL AMs and PMNs, LDH, albumin, TNF- alpha , and MIP-2, and enhanced AM-CL to the same extent in both WT and iNOS KO mice. Responses 72 h postexposure were similar; however, significant differences were found between WT and iNOS KO mice. iNOS KO mice demonstrated a greater decline in total antioxidant capacity, greater BAL PMNs, LDH, albumin, TNF- alpha , and MIP-2, and an enhanced AM-CL compared to the WT. These data suggest that the role of iNOS-derived NO in the pulmonary response to LPS + IFN- gamma is anti-inflammatory, and this becomes evident over time. JF - Toxicology and Applied Pharmacology AU - Zeidler, P C AU - Millecchia, L M AU - Castranova, V AD - Health Effects Laboratory Division, National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, Morgantown, WV 26505, USA, vic1@cdc.gov Y1 - 2004/02/15/ PY - 2004 DA - 2004 Feb 15 SP - 45 EP - 54 VL - 195 IS - 1 SN - 0041-008X, 0041-008X KW - mice KW - Toxicology Abstracts KW - Endotoxins KW - Lung KW - ^g-Interferon KW - Lipopolysaccharides KW - Nitric oxide KW - Inflammation KW - X 24171:Microbial UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/17954331?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxicologyabstracts&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Toxicology+and+Applied+Pharmacology&rft.atitle=Role+of+inducible+nitric+oxide+synthase-derived+nitric+oxide+in+lipopolysaccharide+plus+interferon-+gamma+-induced+pulmonary+inflammation&rft.au=Zeidler%2C+P+C%3BMillecchia%2C+L+M%3BCastranova%2C+V&rft.aulast=Zeidler&rft.aufirst=P&rft.date=2004-02-15&rft.volume=195&rft.issue=1&rft.spage=45&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Toxicology+and+Applied+Pharmacology&rft.issn=0041008X&rft_id=info:doi/10.1016%2Fj.taap.2003.10.005 LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Endotoxins; Lipopolysaccharides; Nitric oxide; ^g-Interferon; Lung; Inflammation DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.taap.2003.10.005 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Effects of paving asphalt fume exposure on genotoxic and mutagenic activities in the rat lung AN - 17938068; 5877369 AB - Asphalt fumes are complex mixtures of aerosols and vapors containing various organic compounds, including polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs). Previously, we have demonstrated that inhalation exposure of rats to asphalt fumes resulted in dose-dependent induction of CYP1A1 with concomitant down-regulation of CYP2B1 and increased phase II enzyme quinone reductase activity in the rat lung. In the present study, the potential genotoxic effects of asphalt fume exposure due to altered lung microsomal enzymes were studied. Rats were exposed to air or asphalt fume generated under road paving conditions at various concentrations and sacrificed the next day. Alveolar macrophages (AM) were obtained by bronchoalveolar lavage and examined for DNA damage using the comet assay. To evaluate the systemic genotoxic effect of asphalt fume, micronuclei formation in bone marrow polychromatic erythrocytes (PCEs) was monitored. Lung S9 from various exposure groups was isolated from tissue homogenates and characterized for metabolic activity in activating 2-aminoanthracene (2-AA) and benzo[a]pyrene (BaP) mutagenicity using the Ames test with Salmonella typhimurium YG1024 and YG1029. This study showed that the paving asphalt fumes significantly induced DNA damage in AM, as revealed by DNA migration in the comet assay, in a dose-dependent manner, whereas the micronuclei formation in bone marrow PCEs was not detected even at a very high exposure level (1733mgh/m super(3)). The conversion of 2-AA to mutagens in the Ames test required lung S9-mediated metabolic activation in a dose-dependent manner. In comparison to the controls, lung S9 from rats exposed to asphalt fume at a total exposure level of 479 plus or minus 33mgh/m super(3) did not significantly enhance 2-AA mutagenicity with either S. typhimurium YG1024 or YG1029. At a higher total asphalt fume exposure level (1150 plus or minus 63mgh/m super(3)), S9 significantly increased the mutagenicity of 2-AA as compared to the control. However, S9 from asphalt fume-exposed rats did not significantly activate the mutagenicity of BaP in the Ames test. These results show that asphalt fume exposure, which significantly altered both phases I and II metabolic enzymes in lung microsomes, is genotoxic to AM and enhances the metabolic activation of certain mutagens through altered S9 content. JF - Mutation Research-Genetic Toxicology and Environmental Mutagenesis AU - Zhao, H W AU - Yin, X J AU - Frazer, D AU - Barger, M W AU - Siegel, P D AU - Millecchia, L AU - Zhong, B Z AU - Tomblyn, S AU - Stone, S AU - Ma, JKH AU - Castranova, V AU - Ma, JYC AD - Health Effects Laboratory Division, National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, Morgantown, WV 26505, USA, jym1@cdc.gov Y1 - 2004/02/14/ PY - 2004 DA - 2004 Feb 14 SP - 137 EP - 149 VL - 557 IS - 2 SN - 1383-5718, 1383-5718 KW - rat KW - Toxicology Abstracts KW - Macrophages KW - Mutagens KW - Microsomes KW - Mutagenicity KW - Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons KW - Fumes KW - Erythrocytes KW - Genotoxicity KW - 2-Aminoanthracene KW - Salmonella typhimurium KW - DNA damage KW - Lung KW - Asphalt KW - Exposure KW - Benzo(a)pyrene KW - X 24190:Polycyclic hydrocarbons UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/17938068?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxicologyabstracts&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Mutation+Research-Genetic+Toxicology+and+Environmental+Mutagenesis&rft.atitle=Effects+of+paving+asphalt+fume+exposure+on+genotoxic+and+mutagenic+activities+in+the+rat+lung&rft.au=Zhao%2C+H+W%3BYin%2C+X+J%3BFrazer%2C+D%3BBarger%2C+M+W%3BSiegel%2C+P+D%3BMillecchia%2C+L%3BZhong%2C+B+Z%3BTomblyn%2C+S%3BStone%2C+S%3BMa%2C+JKH%3BCastranova%2C+V%3BMa%2C+JYC&rft.aulast=Zhao&rft.aufirst=H&rft.date=2004-02-14&rft.volume=557&rft.issue=2&rft.spage=137&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Mutation+Research-Genetic+Toxicology+and+Environmental+Mutagenesis&rft.issn=13835718&rft_id=info:doi/10.1016%2Fj.mrgentox.2003.10.006 LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Salmonella typhimurium; Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons; Mutagenicity; DNA damage; Exposure; Mutagens; Genotoxicity; Erythrocytes; Benzo(a)pyrene; 2-Aminoanthracene; Macrophages; Asphalt; Fumes; Microsomes; Lung DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.mrgentox.2003.10.006 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Update: adverse events following civilian smallpox vaccination--United States, 2003. AN - 80154735; 14961004 AB - During January 24-December 31, 2003, smallpox vaccine was administered to 39,213 civilian health-care and public health workers in 55 jurisdictions to prepare the United States for a possible terrorist attack using smallpox virus. This report updates information on vaccine-associated adverse events among civilians vaccinated since the beginning of the program and among contacts of vaccinees, received by CDC from the Vaccine Adverse Event Reporting System (VAERS) during August 9-December 31. JF - MMWR. Morbidity and mortality weekly report AU - Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) AD - Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) Y1 - 2004/02/13/ PY - 2004 DA - 2004 Feb 13 SP - 106 EP - 107 VL - 53 IS - 5 KW - Smallpox Vaccine KW - 0 KW - Index Medicus KW - Public Health Practice KW - Adverse Drug Reaction Reporting Systems KW - Humans KW - Immunization Programs KW - Vaccination -- adverse effects KW - United States -- epidemiology KW - Smallpox Vaccine -- adverse effects KW - Population Surveillance UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/80154735?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=MMWR.+Morbidity+and+mortality+weekly+report&rft.atitle=Update%3A+adverse+events+following+civilian+smallpox+vaccination--United+States%2C+2003.&rft.au=Centers+for+Disease+Control+and+Prevention+%28CDC%29&rft.aulast=Centers+for+Disease+Control+and+Prevention+%28CDC%29&rft.aufirst=&rft.date=2004-02-13&rft.volume=53&rft.issue=5&rft.spage=106&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=MMWR.+Morbidity+and+mortality+weekly+report&rft.issn=1545-861X&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 2004-02-18 N1 - Date created - 2004-02-12 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Effect of diesel exhaust particulate (DEP) on immune responses: contributions of particulate versus organic soluble components. AN - 71565435; 14681077 AB - The effect of diesel exhaust particulate (DEP) exposure on innate, cellular and humoral pulmonary immunity was studied using high-dose, acute-exposure rat, mouse, and cell culture models. DEP consists of a complex mixture of petrochemical-derived organics adsorbed onto elemental carbon particles. DEP is a major component of particulate urban air pollution and a health concern in both urban and occupational environments. The alveolar macrophage is considered a key cellular component in pulmonary innate immunity. DEP and DEP organic extracts have been found to suppress alveolar macrophage function as demonstrated by reduced production of cytokines (interleukin-1 [IL-1], tumor necrosis factor- alpha [TNF- alpha]) and reactive oxygen species (ROS) in response to a variety of agents, including lipopolysaccharide (LPS), interferon- gamma (IFN- gamma), and bacteria. Fractionation of DEP organic extract suggests that this activity was predominately in polyaromatic-containing and more polar (resin) fractions. Organic-stripped DEP did not alter these innate pulmonary immune responses. DEP also depressed pulmonary clearance of Listeria monocytogenes and Bacillus Calmette-Guerin (BCG). The contribution of the organic component of DEP is less well defined with respect to acquired and humoral immunity. Indeed, both DEP and carbon black enhanced humoral immune responses (specific immunoglobulin [Ig] E and IgG) in an ovalbumin-sensitized rat model. It is concluded that both the particulate and adsorbed organics may contribute to DEP-mediated immune alterations. JF - Journal of toxicology and environmental health. Part A AU - Siegel, Paul D AU - Saxena, Rajiv K AU - Saxena, Q B AU - Ma, Joseph K H AU - Ma, Jane Y C AU - Yin, Xue-Jun AU - Castranova, Vincent AU - Al-Humadi, Nabil AU - Lewis, Daniel M AD - HELD, NIOSH, Morgantown, West Virginia 26505, USA. psiegel@cdc.gov Y1 - 2004/02/13/ PY - 2004 DA - 2004 Feb 13 SP - 221 EP - 231 VL - 67 IS - 3 SN - 1528-7394, 1528-7394 KW - Air Pollutants KW - 0 KW - Interleukin-1 KW - Lipopolysaccharides KW - Reactive Oxygen Species KW - Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha KW - Vehicle Emissions KW - Interferon-gamma KW - 82115-62-6 KW - Index Medicus KW - Acute Disease KW - Reactive Oxygen Species -- immunology KW - Animals KW - Interleukin-1 -- immunology KW - Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha -- immunology KW - Interferon-gamma -- immunology KW - Mice KW - Rats KW - Bronchoalveolar Lavage Fluid -- immunology KW - Environmental Monitoring KW - Bronchoalveolar Lavage Fluid -- chemistry KW - Lipopolysaccharides -- immunology KW - Epidemiological Monitoring KW - Bronchoalveolar Lavage Fluid -- cytology KW - Macrophages, Alveolar -- immunology KW - Pneumonia -- immunology KW - Vehicle Emissions -- toxicity KW - Inhalation Exposure -- analysis KW - Antibody Formation -- immunology KW - Disease Models, Animal KW - Immunity, Cellular -- immunology KW - Air Pollutants -- toxicity KW - Pneumonia -- epidemiology KW - Pneumonia -- etiology KW - Air Pollutants -- chemistry KW - Vehicle Emissions -- analysis KW - Inhalation Exposure -- adverse effects UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/71565435?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+toxicology+and+environmental+health.+Part+A&rft.atitle=Effect+of+diesel+exhaust+particulate+%28DEP%29+on+immune+responses%3A+contributions+of+particulate+versus+organic+soluble+components.&rft.au=Siegel%2C+Paul+D%3BSaxena%2C+Rajiv+K%3BSaxena%2C+Q+B%3BMa%2C+Joseph+K+H%3BMa%2C+Jane+Y+C%3BYin%2C+Xue-Jun%3BCastranova%2C+Vincent%3BAl-Humadi%2C+Nabil%3BLewis%2C+Daniel+M&rft.aulast=Siegel&rft.aufirst=Paul&rft.date=2004-02-13&rft.volume=67&rft.issue=3&rft.spage=221&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+toxicology+and+environmental+health.+Part+A&rft.issn=15287394&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 2004-02-06 N1 - Date created - 2003-12-18 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Soluble metals associated with residual oil fly ash increase morbidity and lung injury after bacterial infection in rats. AN - 71563607; 14681079 AB - Inhalation of residual oil fly ash (ROFA) has been shown to impair lung defense mechanisms in laboratory animals and susceptible populations. Bioavailability of soluble transition metals has been shown to play a key role in lung injury caused by ROFA exposure. The goal of this study was to evaluate the effect of soluble metals on lung defense and injury in animals preexposed to ROFA followed by pulmonary challenge with a bacterial pathogen. ROFA was suspended in saline (ROFA-TOTAL), incubated overnight at 37 degrees C, and separated by centrifugation into soluble (ROFA-SOL) and insoluble (ROFA-INSOL) fractions. A portion of the soluble sample was treated with the metal-binding resin Chelex for 24 h at 37 degrees C. Sprague-Dawley rats were intratracheally dosed at d 0 with ROFA-TOTAL (1.0 mg/100 g body weight), ROFA-INSOL, ROFA-SOL, saline, saline + Chelex, or ROFA-SOL + Chelex. At d 3, 5 x 10(5) Listeria monocytogenes were intratracheally instilled into rats from each treatment group. At d 6, 8, and 10, left lungs were removed, homogenized, and cultured to assess bacterial clearance. Histopathological analysis was performed on the right lungs. Pulmonary exposure of ROFA-TOTAL or ROFA-SOL before infection led to a marked increase in lung injury and inflammation at all three time points after inoculation, and an increase in morbidity in comparison to saline control rats. Treatment with ROFA-INSOL, saline + Chelex, or ROFA-SOL + Chelex caused no significant increases in lung damage and morbidity when compared to control. By d 10, the ROFA-SOL and ROFA-TOTAL groups had approximately 200-fold more bacteria in the lung than saline control, indicating the inability of these groups to effectively respond to the infection. None of the other treatment groups had significant impairments in bacterial clearance when compared to saline. In conclusion, exposure to ROFA-TOTAL and ROFA-SOL significantly suppressed the lung response to infection. These results suggest that soluble metals present in ROFA may play a key role in increased susceptibility to pulmonary infection in exposed populations. JF - Journal of toxicology and environmental health. Part A AU - Roberts, Jenny R AU - Taylor, Michael D AU - Castranova, Vincent AU - Clarke, Robert W AU - Antonini, James M AD - Health Effects Laboratory Division, National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, and Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, West Virginia University, Morgantown, West Virginia 26505, USA. jur6@cdc.gov Y1 - 2004/02/13/ PY - 2004 DA - 2004 Feb 13 SP - 251 EP - 263 VL - 67 IS - 3 SN - 1528-7394, 1528-7394 KW - Air Pollutants KW - 0 KW - Chelating Agents KW - Coal Ash KW - Metals KW - Particulate Matter KW - Polystyrenes KW - Polyvinyls KW - Carbon KW - 7440-44-0 KW - chelex KW - 80208-96-4 KW - Index Medicus KW - Animals KW - Listeria monocytogenes KW - Analysis of Variance KW - Solubility KW - Disease Susceptibility KW - Polyvinyls -- therapeutic use KW - Polystyrenes -- therapeutic use KW - Morbidity KW - Biological Availability KW - Inflammation KW - Rats KW - Rats, Sprague-Dawley KW - Chelating Agents -- therapeutic use KW - Instillation, Drug KW - Trachea KW - Male KW - Survival Analysis KW - Lung Diseases -- pathology KW - Disease Models, Animal KW - Lung Diseases -- epidemiology KW - Air Pollutants -- toxicity KW - Lung Diseases -- prevention & control KW - Lung Diseases -- chemically induced KW - Lung Diseases -- microbiology KW - Metals -- chemistry KW - Bacterial Infections -- complications KW - Listeriosis -- complications KW - Carbon -- toxicity KW - Metals -- toxicity KW - Inhalation Exposure -- adverse effects UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/71563607?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+toxicology+and+environmental+health.+Part+A&rft.atitle=Soluble+metals+associated+with+residual+oil+fly+ash+increase+morbidity+and+lung+injury+after+bacterial+infection+in+rats.&rft.au=Roberts%2C+Jenny+R%3BTaylor%2C+Michael+D%3BCastranova%2C+Vincent%3BClarke%2C+Robert+W%3BAntonini%2C+James+M&rft.aulast=Roberts&rft.aufirst=Jenny&rft.date=2004-02-13&rft.volume=67&rft.issue=3&rft.spage=251&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+toxicology+and+environmental+health.+Part+A&rft.issn=15287394&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 2004-02-06 N1 - Date created - 2003-12-18 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Pulmonary responses to welding fumes: Role of metal constituents AN - 17895162; 5853786 AB - It is estimated that more than 1 million workers worldwide perform some type of welding as part of their work duties. Epidemiology studies have shown that a large number of welders experience some type of respiratory illness. Respiratory effects seen in full-time welders have included bronchitis, siderosis, asthma, and a possible increase in the incidence of lung cancer. Pulmonary infections are increased in terms of severity, duration, and frequency among welders. Inhalation exposure to welding fumes may vary due to differences in the materials used and methods employed. The chemical properties of welding fumes can be quite complex. Most welding materials are alloy mixtures of metals characterized by different steels that may contain iron, manganese, chromium, and nickel. Animal studies have indicated that the presence and combination of different metal constituents is an important determinant in the potential pneumotoxic responses associated with welding fumes. Animal models have demonstrated that stainless steel (SS) welding fumes, which contain significant levels of nickel and chromium, induce more lung injury and inflammation, and are retained in the lungs longer than mild steel (MS) welding fumes, which contain mostly iron. In addition, SS fumes generated from welding processes using fluxes to protect the resulting weld contain elevated levels of soluble metals, which may affect respiratory health. Recent animal studies have indicated that the lung injury and inflammation induced by SS welding fumes that contain water-soluble metals are dependent on both the soluble and insoluble fractions of the fume. This article reviews the role that metals play in the pulmonary effects associated with welding fume exposure in workers and laboratory animals. JF - Journal of Toxicology and Environmental Health, Part A: Current Issues AU - Antonini, J M AU - Taylor, MD AU - Zimmer, A T AU - Roberts, J R AD - Health Effects Laboratory Division, National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, 1095 Willowdale Road (M/S 2015), Morgantown, WV 26505, USA, jga6@cdc.gov Y1 - 2004/02/13/ PY - 2004 DA - 2004 Feb 13 SP - 233 EP - 249 VL - 67 IS - 3 SN - 1528-7394, 1528-7394 KW - man KW - bronchitis KW - siderosis KW - Health & Safety Science Abstracts; Pollution Abstracts; Toxicology Abstracts KW - Inhalation KW - Animals KW - Heavy metals KW - Welding KW - Occupational exposure KW - Lung cancer KW - Fumes KW - Asthma KW - Inflammation KW - Lung KW - X 24250:Reviews KW - H 1000:Occupational Safety and Health KW - P 6000:TOXICOLOGY AND HEALTH UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/17895162?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxicologyabstracts&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Toxicology+and+Environmental+Health%2C+Part+A%3A+Current+Issues&rft.atitle=Pulmonary+responses+to+welding+fumes%3A+Role+of+metal+constituents&rft.au=Antonini%2C+J+M%3BTaylor%2C+MD%3BZimmer%2C+A+T%3BRoberts%2C+J+R&rft.aulast=Antonini&rft.aufirst=J&rft.date=2004-02-13&rft.volume=67&rft.issue=3&rft.spage=233&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+Toxicology+and+Environmental+Health%2C+Part+A%3A+Current+Issues&rft.issn=15287394&rft_id=info:doi/10.1080%2F15287390490266909 LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Welding; Heavy metals; Fumes; Inhalation; Occupational exposure; Lung cancer; Asthma; Lung; Inflammation; Animals DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/15287390490266909 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Inappropriate medication prescribing for elderly ambulatory care patients. AN - 80157822; 14769626 AB - Inappropriate medication use in elderly patients has been linked to a large share of adverse drug reactions and to excess health care utilization. Trends in the prevalence of potentially inappropriate drug prescribing at ambulatory care visits by elderly persons from 1995 to 2000 were examined with data from office-based physicians in the National Ambulatory Medical Care Survey and from hospital outpatient departments in the National Hospital Ambulatory Medical Care Survey. Explicit criteria were used to identify potentially inappropriate prescribing. Multivariate regression was used to identify related factors. In 1995 and 2000, at least 1 drug considered inappropriate by the Beers expert panel was prescribed at 7.8% of ambulatory care visits by elderly patients. At least 1 drug classified as never or rarely appropriate by the Zhan expert panel was prescribed at 3.7% and 3.8% of these visits in 1995 and 2000, respectively. Pain relievers and central nervous system drugs were a large share of the problem. The odds of potentially inappropriate prescribing were higher for visits with multiple drugs and double for female visits. The latter was due to more prescribing of potentially inappropriate pain relievers and central nervous system drugs. Potentially inappropriate prescribing at ambulatory care visits by elderly patients, particularly women, remains a substantial problem. Interventions could target more appropriate drug selection by physicians when prescribing pain relievers, antianxiety agents, sedatives, and antidepressants to elderly patients. Such behavior could eliminate a large portion of inappropriate prescribing for elderly patients and reduce its higher risk for women. JF - Archives of internal medicine AU - Goulding, Margie Rauch AD - Office of Analysis, Epidemiology, and Health Promotion at the National Center for Health Statistics, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Hyattsville, MD 20782, USA. mgoulding@cdc.gov Y1 - 2004/02/09/ PY - 2004 DA - 2004 Feb 09 SP - 305 EP - 312 VL - 164 IS - 3 SN - 0003-9926, 0003-9926 KW - Analgesics, Opioid KW - 0 KW - Antidepressive Agents KW - Central Nervous System Agents KW - Abridged Index Medicus KW - Index Medicus KW - Outpatient Clinics, Hospital -- trends KW - Pain -- drug therapy KW - Random Allocation KW - Quality of Health Care KW - Humans KW - Anxiety -- drug therapy KW - Depression -- drug therapy KW - Aged KW - Physicians, Family -- statistics & numerical data KW - Antidepressive Agents -- adverse effects KW - Multivariate Analysis KW - Health Care Surveys KW - Aged, 80 and over KW - Adult KW - Analgesics, Opioid -- therapeutic use KW - Analgesics, Opioid -- adverse effects KW - Physician-Patient Relations KW - Male KW - Office Visits -- statistics & numerical data KW - Central Nervous System Agents -- adverse effects KW - Practice Patterns, Physicians' -- statistics & numerical data KW - Cross-Sectional Studies KW - Office Visits -- trends KW - Physicians, Family -- trends KW - Central Nervous System Agents -- therapeutic use KW - Antidepressive Agents -- therapeutic use KW - Middle Aged KW - Statistics as Topic KW - United States -- epidemiology KW - Outpatient Clinics, Hospital -- statistics & numerical data KW - Female KW - Prevalence KW - Medication Errors -- trends KW - Ambulatory Care -- trends KW - Medication Errors -- prevention & control KW - Medication Errors -- statistics & numerical data KW - Drug Prescriptions UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/80157822?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Archives+of+internal+medicine&rft.atitle=Inappropriate+medication+prescribing+for+elderly+ambulatory+care+patients.&rft.au=Goulding%2C+Margie+Rauch&rft.aulast=Goulding&rft.aufirst=Margie&rft.date=2004-02-09&rft.volume=164&rft.issue=3&rft.spage=305&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Archives+of+internal+medicine&rft.issn=00039926&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 2004-03-12 N1 - Date created - 2004-02-10 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Child passenger deaths involving drinking drivers--United States, 1997-2002. AN - 80142015; 14762331 AB - Motor-vehicle crashes are the leading cause of death among children aged >/=1 year in the United States, and one in four crash-related deaths among child passengers aged /=65 years who were current smokers, admitted to acute care facilities in North Carolina with confirmed AMI, and discharged alive. Information on smoking-cessation advice or counseling prior to discharge was abstracted from medical records. Associations of counseling with 5-year risk of death were assessed with multivariate Cox proportional hazards regression. Smoking-cessation counseling was provided to 40% of AMI patients before discharge. Women (p =0.06) and blacks (p =0.02) were less likely to receive counseling. Counseling was associated with a history of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (p =0.01). Increasing age, discharge to a skilled nursing facility, and histories of hypertension, heart failure, or stroke were associated with no counseling (p <0.05, all cause). Age-adjusted mortality rates (per 1000 enrollees) at 5 years were 488.3 for patients who were given counseling compared to 579.3 for patients without counseling. After adjustment for age, race, gender, prior histories of hypertension, cardiovascular diseases, diabetes, and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, Killip class III or IV, and discharge to a skilled nursing facility; inpatient counseling remained associated with improved survival (relative hazard, 0.78; 95% confidence interval, 0.63-0.97). Inpatient counseling on smoking cessation is suboptimal among older smokers hospitalized with AMI. Even without confirmation of actual cessation, these data suggest that provision of smoking-cessation advice or counseling has a major impact on survival of older adults. JF - American journal of preventive medicine AU - Brown, David W AU - Croft, Janet B AU - Schenck, Anna P AU - Malarcher, Ann Marie AU - Giles, Wayne H AU - Simpson, Ross J AD - Medical Review of North Carolina, Cary, North Carolina, USA. zyi3@cdc.gov Y1 - 2004/02// PY - 2004 DA - February 2004 SP - 112 EP - 118 VL - 26 IS - 2 SN - 0749-3797, 0749-3797 KW - Index Medicus KW - Age Factors KW - Sex Factors KW - Aged, 80 and over KW - Humans KW - Practice Guidelines as Topic KW - Aged KW - North Carolina -- epidemiology KW - Male KW - Female KW - Comorbidity KW - Survival Analysis KW - Myocardial Infarction -- mortality KW - Tobacco Use Disorder -- therapy KW - Myocardial Infarction -- complications KW - Myocardial Infarction -- diagnosis KW - Smoking Cessation -- methods KW - Counseling -- utilization KW - Tobacco Use Disorder -- complications KW - Cause of Death UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/80141622?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=American+journal+of+preventive+medicine&rft.atitle=Inpatient+smoking-cessation+counseling+and+all-cause+mortality+among+the+elderly.&rft.au=Brown%2C+David+W%3BCroft%2C+Janet+B%3BSchenck%2C+Anna+P%3BMalarcher%2C+Ann+Marie%3BGiles%2C+Wayne+H%3BSimpson%2C+Ross+J&rft.aulast=Brown&rft.aufirst=David&rft.date=2004-02-01&rft.volume=26&rft.issue=2&rft.spage=112&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=American+journal+of+preventive+medicine&rft.issn=07493797&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 2004-04-06 N1 - Date created - 2004-01-30 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - The association between adverse childhood experiences and adolescent pregnancy, long-term psychosocial consequences, and fetal death. AN - 80141525; 14754944 AB - Few reports address the impact of cumulative exposure to childhood abuse and family dysfunction on teen pregnancy and consequences commonly attributed to teen pregnancy. Therefore, we examined whether adolescent pregnancy increased as types of adverse childhood experiences (ACE score) increased and whether ACEs or adolescent pregnancy was the principal source of elevated risk for long-term psychosocial consequences and fetal death. A retrospective cohort study of 9159 women aged > or = 18 years (mean 56 years) who attended a primary care clinic in San Diego, California in 1995-1997. Adolescent pregnancy, psychosocial consequences, and fetal death, compared by ACE score (emotional, physical, or sexual abuse; exposure to domestic violence, substance abusing, mentally ill, or criminal household member; or separated/divorced parent). Sixty-six percent (n = 6015) of women reported > or = 1 ACE. Teen pregnancy occurred in 16%, 21%, 26%, 29%, 32%, 40%, 43%, and 53% of those with 0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, and 7 to 8 ACEs. As the ACE score rose from zero to 1 to 2, 3 to 4, and > or = 5, odds ratios for each adult consequence increased (family problems: 1.0, 1.5, 2.2, 3.3; financial problems: 1.0, 1.6, 2.3, 2.4; job problems: 1.0, 1.4, 2.3, 2.9; high stress: 1.0, 1.4, 1.9, 2.2; and uncontrollable anger: 1.0, 1.6, 2.8, 4.5, respectively). Adolescent pregnancy was not associated with any of these adult outcomes in the absence of childhood adversity (ACEs: 0). The ACE score was associated with increased fetal death after first pregnancy (odds ratios for 0, 1-2, 3-4, and 5-8 ACEs: 1.0, 1.2, 1.4, and 1.8, respectively); teen pregnancy was not related to fetal death. The relationship between ACEs and adolescent pregnancy is strong and graded. Moreover, the negative psychosocial sequelae and fetal deaths commonly attributed to adolescent pregnancy seem to result from underlying ACEs rather than adolescent pregnancy per se. JF - Pediatrics AU - Hillis, Susan D AU - Anda, Robert F AU - Dube, Shanta R AU - Felitti, Vincent J AU - Marchbanks, Polly A AU - Marks, James S AD - National Center for Chronic Disease Prevention and Health Promotion, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia 30341-3724, USA. SEH0@cdc.gov Y1 - 2004/02// PY - 2004 DA - February 2004 SP - 320 EP - 327 VL - 113 IS - 2 KW - Abridged Index Medicus KW - Index Medicus KW - Family Relations KW - Risk Factors KW - Humans KW - Fetal Death -- epidemiology KW - Substance-Related Disorders KW - Adolescent KW - Child of Impaired Parents KW - Female KW - Pregnancy KW - Domestic Violence KW - Pregnancy in Adolescence -- psychology KW - Pregnancy in Adolescence -- statistics & numerical data KW - Child Abuse UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/80141525?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Pediatrics&rft.atitle=The+association+between+adverse+childhood+experiences+and+adolescent+pregnancy%2C+long-term+psychosocial+consequences%2C+and+fetal+death.&rft.au=Hillis%2C+Susan+D%3BAnda%2C+Robert+F%3BDube%2C+Shanta+R%3BFelitti%2C+Vincent+J%3BMarchbanks%2C+Polly+A%3BMarks%2C+James+S&rft.aulast=Hillis&rft.aufirst=Susan&rft.date=2004-02-01&rft.volume=113&rft.issue=2&rft.spage=320&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Pediatrics&rft.issn=1098-4275&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 2004-03-03 N1 - Date created - 2004-02-02 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Risk perceptions regarding ticks and Lyme disease: a national survey. AN - 80132072; 14751325 AB - Lyme disease (LD) is caused by the tickborne bacterium Borrelia burgdorferi and, in 2000, accounted for >90% of all reported cases of vectorborne illness in the United States. Aside from anecdotal and indirect evidence, little empirical evidence exists regarding what the U.S. public knows, says, or does about preventing LD. To examine knowledge, perceptions, and practices regarding prevention of tick bites and LD. In 1998, a random-digit-dial frame was used to collect a cross-sectional sample (n =1500) from the 48 coterminous states plus the District of Columbia, and an over-sample (n =250) from six states with the highest incidence of LD. Forty percent of respondents reported doing something to avoid being bitten by ticks. Less than half (41%) used insect repellent. Ninety-two percent of those who had heard about LD stated their likelihood of ever getting the disease was 16, after adjusting for multiple confounding variables. These data point to an association between both the parameters of poor sleep and symptoms of deep depression when self-reported sickness absence is frequent. The association is particularly strong with long-term absence in male shift workers. JF - Chronobiology international AU - Nakata, Akinori AU - Haratani, Takashi AU - Takahashi, Masaya AU - Kawakami, Norito AU - Arito, Heihachiro AU - Kobayashi, Fumio AU - Fujioka, Yosei AU - Fukui, Satoe AU - Araki, Shunichi AD - National Institute of Industrial Health, Kawasaki, Japan. cji5@cdc.gov Y1 - 2004 PY - 2004 DA - 2004 SP - 899 EP - 912 VL - 21 IS - 6 SN - 0742-0528, 0742-0528 KW - Index Medicus KW - Work Schedule Tolerance KW - Cross-Sectional Studies KW - Sleep KW - Humans KW - Adult KW - Surveys and Questionnaires KW - Middle Aged KW - Statistics as Topic KW - Occupations KW - Adolescent KW - Male KW - Comorbidity KW - Sleep Disorders, Circadian Rhythm KW - Depression KW - Sick Leave UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/67213277?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Chronobiology+international&rft.atitle=Association+of+sickness+absence+with+poor+sleep+and+depressive+symptoms+in+shift+workers.&rft.au=Nakata%2C+Akinori%3BHaratani%2C+Takashi%3BTakahashi%2C+Masaya%3BKawakami%2C+Norito%3BArito%2C+Heihachiro%3BKobayashi%2C+Fumio%3BFujioka%2C+Yosei%3BFukui%2C+Satoe%3BAraki%2C+Shunichi&rft.aulast=Nakata&rft.aufirst=Akinori&rft.date=2004-01-01&rft.volume=21&rft.issue=6&rft.spage=899&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Chronobiology+international&rft.issn=07420528&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 2005-07-05 N1 - Date created - 2005-01-13 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Can we ensure the safe use of known human teratogens? Introduction of generic isotretinoin in the US as an example. AN - 67095775; 15554743 AB - The prescription of known teratogenic medications requires a careful balance between allowing women access to medications that they might need and avoiding unnecessary exposure to these medications during pregnancy because of their devastating fetal effects. Isotretinoin, a potent human teratogen, is of particular concern because of its widespread use among reproductive-aged women and the dramatic increase in use from 1992 through 2000. A revised risk management system was implemented in 2002 because of concerns about the continued occurrence of isotretinoin-exposed pregnancies. However, the recent approval of three generic versions of isotretinoin in the US has further complicated risk management and raises concerns that use might increase further if the lower cost of generics serves to increase accessibility. There are now four separate isotretinoin risk management systems in the US, each with its own distinct packaging, though the requirements for and substance of each are identical. Some additional concrete steps could be taken to minimise any unnecessary use of isotretinoin and help allow an adequate assessment of the current risk management systems. In addition to being familiar with and following all aspects of the current risk management system, physicians could choose to limit the use of isotretinoin to those who meet the labelled indications in order to reduce the number of exposed pregnancies. All four companies currently marketing isotretinoin in the US could jointly and voluntarily establish a consolidated, mandatory registration and follow-up of all women of reproductive potential who receive an isotretinoin prescription. Mandatory registration has many challenges, but it could allow a clear accounting of the total number of women for whom follow-up information is and is not available. Although the companies cannot be legally compelled to use a consolidated approach, the use of a single registry for the originator's product and all generic brands would allow identification of duplicates and also avoid the confusion that is introduced by providing materials that not only look different, but also have different addresses, contact information and names for participation in follow-up surveys. This is particularly important because women might take more than one version of isotretinoin during a single course of therapy or might receive a different programme's materials from their doctor than from the pharmacy. Though the introduction of generic versions of isotretinoin further complicates risk management, the companies marketing isotretinoin have an opportunity to work together to demonstrate their commitment to both limit the occurrence of exposed pregnancies and conduct a meaningful evaluation of the occurrence of pregnancies exposed to isotretinoin. JF - Drug safety AU - Honein, Margaret A AU - Moore, Cynthia A AU - Erickson, J David AD - National Center on Birth Defects and Developmental Disabilities, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia 30333, USA. Y1 - 2004 PY - 2004 DA - 2004 SP - 1069 EP - 1080 VL - 27 IS - 14 SN - 0114-5916, 0114-5916 KW - Dermatologic Agents KW - 0 KW - Drugs, Generic KW - Teratogens KW - Isotretinoin KW - EH28UP18IF KW - Index Medicus KW - United States KW - Humans KW - Safety KW - Health Services Accessibility KW - Female KW - Pregnancy KW - Isotretinoin -- adverse effects KW - Risk Management KW - Dermatologic Agents -- adverse effects KW - Abnormalities, Drug-Induced -- prevention & control UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/67095775?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Drug+safety&rft.atitle=Can+we+ensure+the+safe+use+of+known+human+teratogens%3F+Introduction+of+generic+isotretinoin+in+the+US+as+an+example.&rft.au=Honein%2C+Margaret+A%3BMoore%2C+Cynthia+A%3BErickson%2C+J+David&rft.aulast=Honein&rft.aufirst=Margaret&rft.date=2004-01-01&rft.volume=27&rft.issue=14&rft.spage=1069&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Drug+safety&rft.issn=01145916&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 2005-01-24 N1 - Date created - 2004-11-23 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Methanol toxicity in a newborn. AN - 66939110; 15462163 AB - Methanol poisoning during human pregnancy rarely has been described. We report the first human newborn with a documented methanol concentration resulting from maternal exposure. A 28-year-old pregnant woman EGA 30 weeks with HIV infection and asthma presented to the emergency department in respiratory distress. She was acidotic (pH 7.17) with an anion gap of 26, and fetal bradycardia was noted. Her son was delivered by emergent C-section (birthweight 950 g, Apgars 1 and 3) and required aggressive resuscitation. During his hospital course, acidosis (initial pH 6.9) persisted despite fluid, blood, and bicarbonate administration. His mother also had persistent metabolic acidosis despite fluids, bicarbonate, and dopamine. Results of other laboratory tests on the mother included undetectable ethanol and salicylates and an osmolar gap of 41. An ethanol drip was initiated for the mother 36 h after admission when a methanol level of 54 mg/dL was reported. When consulted on hospital day 3, our regional poison center recommended hemodialysis for the mother and administering fomepizole and testing the methanol level of the newborn (61.6 mg/dL). Because the infant developed a grade 4 intraventricular bleed, no further therapy was offered, and he died on day 4. His mother died on day 10. Fatal neonatal methanol toxicity can result from transplacental exposure. JF - Journal of toxicology. Clinical toxicology AU - Belson, Martin AU - Morgan, Brent W AD - National Center for Environmental Health, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia, USA. zqp2@cdc.gov Y1 - 2004 PY - 2004 DA - 2004 SP - 673 EP - 677 VL - 42 IS - 5 SN - 0731-3810, 0731-3810 KW - Carbon Dioxide KW - 142M471B3J KW - Methanol KW - Y4S76JWI15 KW - Abridged Index Medicus KW - Index Medicus KW - Hemodynamics -- drug effects KW - Erythrocyte Transfusion KW - Fatal Outcome KW - Renal Insufficiency -- chemically induced KW - Humans KW - Infant, Newborn KW - Acidosis -- chemically induced KW - Renal Dialysis KW - Cocaine-Related Disorders -- complications KW - Respiratory Distress Syndrome, Adult -- chemically induced KW - Leukocyte Count KW - Pregnancy KW - Asthma -- complications KW - Maternal-Fetal Exchange KW - Apgar Score KW - HIV Infections -- complications KW - Adult KW - Acidosis -- blood KW - Carbon Dioxide -- blood KW - Male KW - Female KW - Methanol -- blood KW - Pregnancy Complications -- chemically induced KW - Methanol -- poisoning UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/66939110?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+toxicology.+Clinical+toxicology&rft.atitle=Methanol+toxicity+in+a+newborn.&rft.au=Belson%2C+Martin%3BMorgan%2C+Brent+W&rft.aulast=Belson&rft.aufirst=Martin&rft.date=2004-01-01&rft.volume=42&rft.issue=5&rft.spage=673&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+toxicology.+Clinical+toxicology&rft.issn=07313810&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 2004-10-18 N1 - Date created - 2004-10-06 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Radiation exposure assessment for portsmouth naval shipyard health studies. AN - 66907540; 15266069 AB - Occupational radiation exposures of 13,475 civilian nuclear shipyard workers were investigated as part of a retrospective mortality study. Estimates of annual, cumulative and collective doses were tabulated for future dose-response analysis. Record sets were assembled and amended through range checks, examination of distributions and inspection. Methods were developed to adjust for administrative overestimates and dose from previous employment. Uncertainties from doses below the recording threshold were estimated. Low-dose protracted radiation exposures from submarine overhaul and repair predominated. Cumulative doses are best approximated by a hybrid log-normal distribution with arithmetic mean and median values of 20.59 and 3.24 mSv, respectively. The distribution is highly skewed with more than half the workers having cumulative doses 95% having doses <100 mSv. The maximum cumulative dose is estimated at 649.39 mSv from 15 person-years of exposure. The collective dose was 277.42 person-Sv with 96.8% attributed to employment at Portsmouth Naval Shipyard. JF - Radiation protection dosimetry AU - Daniels, R D AU - Taulbee, T D AU - Chen, P AD - Division of Surveillance, Hazard Evaluations, and Field Studies, National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, 5555 Ridge Avenue, R-44, Cincinnati, OH 45213, USA. RTD2@CDC.gov Y1 - 2004 PY - 2004 DA - 2004 SP - 139 EP - 150 VL - 111 IS - 2 SN - 0144-8420, 0144-8420 KW - Index Medicus KW - Ships KW - Maine -- epidemiology KW - Radiation Dosage KW - Whole-Body Counting -- methods KW - Risk Factors KW - Nuclear Warfare KW - Humans KW - Body Burden KW - Radiation Protection -- methods KW - Naval Medicine -- methods KW - Algorithms KW - Risk Assessment -- methods KW - Radiometry -- methods KW - Nuclear Reactors KW - Occupational Exposure -- analysis UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/66907540?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Radiation+protection+dosimetry&rft.atitle=Radiation+exposure+assessment+for+portsmouth+naval+shipyard+health+studies.&rft.au=Daniels%2C+R+D%3BTaulbee%2C+T+D%3BChen%2C+P&rft.aulast=Daniels&rft.aufirst=R&rft.date=2004-01-01&rft.volume=111&rft.issue=2&rft.spage=139&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Radiation+protection+dosimetry&rft.issn=01448420&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 2005-03-10 N1 - Date created - 2004-09-24 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Neutron field measurements for alara purposes around a Van de Graaff accelerator building. AN - 66858964; 15353736 AB - The Institute for Reference Materials and Measurements operates a 7.0 MV Van de Graaff accelerator to generate monoenergetic neutron radiation for experimental applications. Owing to increased intensities of generated neutron fields and the more stringent regulation related to the maximum dose for the public, a concrete shielding wall surrounding the experimental building was constructed. This paper presents a study aiming at evaluating the effect of the shielding on the neutron field outside the wall. For this purpose, the following measurements were carried out around the building: (1) cartography of the neutron field for different experimental conditions; (2) measurement of neutron spectra using multiple Bonner spheres; (3) activation measurements using gold discs followed by low-level gamma spectrometry. From the measurements, it can be concluded that the wall fulfils its purpose to reduce the neutron dose rate to the surrounding area to an acceptable level. JF - Radiation protection dosimetry AU - Kockerols, P AU - Lebacq, A L AU - Gasparro, J AU - Hult, M AU - Janssens, H AU - Lövestam, G AU - Vanhavere, F AD - EC-Joint Research Centre, Institute for Reference Materials and Measurements, Retieseweg, B-2440 Geel, Belgium. pierre.kockerols@cdc.en.int Y1 - 2004 PY - 2004 DA - 2004 SP - 711 EP - 715 VL - 110 IS - 1-4 SN - 0144-8420, 0144-8420 KW - Index Medicus KW - Sensitivity and Specificity KW - Radiation Dosage KW - Reproducibility of Results KW - Body Burden KW - Humans KW - Environmental Monitoring -- instrumentation KW - Equipment Design KW - Relative Biological Effectiveness KW - Safety Management -- methods KW - Maximum Allowable Concentration KW - Risk Factors KW - Equipment Failure Analysis -- methods KW - Quality Assurance, Health Care -- methods KW - Environmental Monitoring -- methods KW - Neutrons KW - Thermoluminescent Dosimetry -- methods KW - Thermoluminescent Dosimetry -- instrumentation KW - Air Pollution, Indoor -- analysis KW - Radiation Protection -- methods KW - Particle Accelerators KW - Risk Assessment -- methods KW - Radiation Protection -- instrumentation KW - Occupational Exposure -- analysis UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/66858964?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Radiation+protection+dosimetry&rft.atitle=Neutron+field+measurements+for+alara+purposes+around+a+Van+de+Graaff+accelerator+building.&rft.au=Kockerols%2C+P%3BLebacq%2C+A+L%3BGasparro%2C+J%3BHult%2C+M%3BJanssens%2C+H%3BL%C3%B6vestam%2C+G%3BVanhavere%2C+F&rft.aulast=Kockerols&rft.aufirst=P&rft.date=2004-01-01&rft.volume=110&rft.issue=1-4&rft.spage=711&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Radiation+protection+dosimetry&rft.issn=01448420&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 2004-12-27 N1 - Date created - 2004-09-08 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - The effect of oxythioquinox exposure on normal human mammary epithelial cell gene expression: A microarray analysis study AN - 20092596; 7249844 AB - Inter-individual variation in normal human mammary epithelial cells in response to oxythioquinox (OTQ) is reported. Gene expression signatures resulting from chemical exposures are generally created from analysis of exposures in rat, mouse or other genetically similar animal models, limiting information about inter-individual variations. This study focused on the effect of inter-individual variation in gene expression signatures. Methods Gene expression was studied in primary normal human mammary epithelial cells (NHMECs) derived from four women undergoing reduction mammoplasty [Cooperative Human Tissue Network (National Cancer Institute and National Disease Research Interchange)]. Gene transcription in each cell strain was analyzed using high- density oligonucleotide DNA microarrays (HuGeneFL, Affymetrix[TM]) and changes in the expression of selected genes were verified by real-time polymerase chain reaction at extended time points (ABI). DNA microarrays were hybridized to materials prepared from total RNA that was collected after OTQ treatment for 15, 60 and 120 min. RNA was harvested from the vehicle control (DMSO) at 120 min. The gene expression profile included all genes altered by at least a signal log ratio (SLR) of +/- 0.6 and p value <= 0.05 in three of four cell strains analyzed. Results RNA species were clustered in various patterns of expression highlighting genes with altered expression in one or more of the cell strains, including metabolic enzymes and transcription factors. Of the clustered RNA species, only 36 were found to be altered at one time point in three or more of the cell strains analyzed (13 up-regulated, 23 down-regulated). Cluster analysis examined the effects of OTQ on the cells with specific p53 polymorphisms. The two strains expressing the major variant of p53 had 83 common genes altered (35 increased, 48 decreased) at one or more time point by at least a 0.6 signal log ratio (SLR). The intermediate variant strains showed 105 common genes altered (80 increased, 25 decreased) in both strains. Conclusion Differential changes in expression of these genes may yield biomarkers that provide insight into inter-individual variation in cancer risk. Further, specific individual patterns of gene expression may help to determine more susceptible populations. JF - Environmental Health AU - Gwinn, Maureen R AU - Whipkey, Diana L AU - Weston, Ainsley AD - Pathology and Physiology Research Branch, Health Effects Laboratory Division, National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, 1095 Willowdale Road, Mail Stop #L-2015, Morgantown, WV 26505-2888 USA, mwg9@cdc.gov Y1 - 2004 PY - 2004 DA - 2004 PB - BioMed Central Ltd., Middlesex House 34-42 Cleveland Street London W1T 4LB UK, [mailto:info@biomedcentral.com], [URL:http://www.biomedcentral.com] VL - 3 SN - 1476-069X, 1476-069X KW - Genetics Abstracts; Risk Abstracts; Biotechnology and Bioengineering Abstracts KW - Article No. 9 KW - Bioindicators KW - Epithelial cells KW - Mammary gland KW - Animal models KW - Enzymes KW - biomarkers KW - Oligonucleotides KW - DNA microarrays KW - Cancer KW - p53 protein KW - Gene expression KW - RNA KW - Transcription factors KW - DNA KW - Polymerase chain reaction KW - W 30910:Imaging KW - R2 23060:Medical and environmental health KW - G 07730:Development & Cell Cycle UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/20092596?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Abiotechresearch&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Environmental+Health&rft.atitle=The+effect+of+oxythioquinox+exposure+on+normal+human+mammary+epithelial+cell+gene+expression%3A+A+microarray+analysis+study&rft.au=Gwinn%2C+Maureen+R%3BWhipkey%2C+Diana+L%3BWeston%2C+Ainsley&rft.aulast=Gwinn&rft.aufirst=Maureen&rft.date=2004-01-01&rft.volume=3&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Environmental+Health&rft.issn=1476069X&rft_id=info:doi/10.1186%2F1476-069X-3-9 LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2009-04-01 N1 - Last updated - 2015-03-30 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Epithelial cells; Mammary gland; Animal models; Enzymes; DNA microarrays; Oligonucleotides; biomarkers; Cancer; p53 protein; Gene expression; RNA; Transcription factors; Polymerase chain reaction; Bioindicators; DNA DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/1476-069X-3-9 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Risk factors for acute chemical releases with public health consequences: Hazardous Substances Emergency Events Surveillance in the U.S., 1996-2001 AN - 19748426; 7249836 AB - Releases of hazardous materials can cause substantial morbidity and mortality. To reduce and prevent the public health consequences (victims or evacuations) from uncontrolled or illegally released hazardous substances, a more comprehensive analysis is needed to determine risk factors for hazardous materials incidents. Methods Hazardous Substances Emergency Events Surveillance (HSEES) data from 1996 through 2001 were analyzed using bivariate and multiple logistic regression. Fixed-facility and transportation-related events were analyzed separately. Results For fixed-facility events, 2,327 (8%) resulted in at least one victim and 2,844 (10%) involved ordered evacuations. For transportation-related events, 759 (8%) resulted in at least one victim, and 405 (4%) caused evacuation orders. Fire and/or explosion were the strongest risk factors for events involving either victims or evacuations. Stratified analysis of fixed-facility events involving victims showed a strong association for acid releases in the agriculture, forestry, and fisheries industry. Chlorine releases in fixed-facility events resulted in victims and evacuations in more industry categories than any other substance. Conclusions Outreach efforts should focus on preventing and preparing for fires and explosions, acid releases in the agricultural industry, and chlorine releases in fixed facilities. JF - Environmental Health AU - Ruckart, Perri Z AU - Wattigney, Wendy A AU - Kaye, Wendy E AD - Agency for Toxic Substances and Disease Registry, Division of Health Studies, Epidemiology and Surveillance Branch, 1600 Clifton Road, MS E-31, Atlanta, Georgia, USA, afp4@cdc.gov Y1 - 2004 PY - 2004 DA - 2004 PB - BioMed Central Ltd., Middlesex House 34-42 Cleveland Street London W1T 4LB UK, [mailto:info@biomedcentral.com], [URL:http://www.biomedcentral.com] VL - 3 SN - 1476-069X, 1476-069X KW - Risk Abstracts; Health & Safety Science Abstracts KW - Article No. 10 KW - Agriculture KW - Evacuation KW - Mortality KW - Fires KW - fishery industry KW - agriculture KW - Chlorine KW - evacuation KW - Morbidity KW - Explosions KW - Public health KW - USA KW - Hazardous materials KW - Fishery industry KW - Forestry KW - R2 23060:Medical and environmental health KW - H 12000:Epidemiology and Public Health UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/19748426?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Ariskabstracts&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Environmental+Health&rft.atitle=Risk+factors+for+acute+chemical+releases+with+public+health+consequences%3A+Hazardous+Substances+Emergency+Events+Surveillance+in+the+U.S.%2C+1996-2001&rft.au=Ruckart%2C+Perri+Z%3BWattigney%2C+Wendy+A%3BKaye%2C+Wendy+E&rft.aulast=Ruckart&rft.aufirst=Perri&rft.date=2004-01-01&rft.volume=3&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Environmental+Health&rft.issn=1476069X&rft_id=info:doi/10.1186%2F1476-069X-3-10 LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2009-04-01 N1 - Last updated - 2015-03-30 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Agriculture; Fires; Mortality; Evacuation; fishery industry; agriculture; Chlorine; evacuation; Explosions; Morbidity; Public health; Hazardous materials; Fishery industry; Forestry; USA DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/1476-069X-3-10 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Diet and physical activity behavior among users of prescription weight loss medications AN - 19534914; 7247969 AB - There is limited population-based data on diet and physical activity behaviors and weight loss among users of prescription weight loss medications. Most findings are from clinical settings or from research that includes organized behavioral programs. Methods We analyzed data from the 1998 Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System, an annual telephone survey conducted in all fifty states, the District of Columbia and Puerto Rico. The sample consisted of 135,435 noninstitutionalized adults aged 18 years old and older. We determined the prevalence and odds of prescription weight loss medication use, odds of 10% weight loss, and among current weight loss medication users, the prevalence and odds for diet and physical activity behaviors. Results 10.2% of obese women and 3.1% of obese men reported using prescription weight loss medications in the past 2 years. Of users, 28.2% had lost at least 10% of their pretreatment body weight. The odds of losing at least this much weight were higher among women, those who usually consumed >= 5 fruits and vegetables daily and those who met physical activity recommendations. Among current prescription weight loss medication users, 26.7% reported both eating fewer calories and meeting recommended leisure-time physical activity levels (<40% of any group met both). Of those meeting both recommendations, almost half (47.2%) had lost 10% of their pretreatment body weight. Of current users, 9% reported using the medications for weight maintenance. Conclusions Only 26.7% of prescription weight loss medication users reported following recommended diet and physical activity behaviors. Further research is needed to assess whether behavioral changes are associated with greater weight loss and maintenance among prescription weight loss medication users. JF - International Journal of Behavioral Nutrition and Physical Activity AU - Blanck, Heidi Michels AU - Khan, Laura Kettel AU - Serdula, Mary K AD - Division of Nutrition & Physical Activity, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA, USA, hblanck@cdc.gov Y1 - 2004 PY - 2004 DA - 2004 PB - BioMed Central Ltd., Middlesex House 34-42 Cleveland Street London W1T 4LB UK, [mailto:info@biomedcentral.com], [URL:http://www.biomedcentral.com] VL - 1 SN - 1479-5868, 1479-5868 KW - Physical Education Index KW - Article No. 17 KW - Obesity KW - Programs KW - Weight control KW - Men KW - Winning KW - Women KW - Gerontology KW - Diet (weight control) KW - Medications KW - Surveys KW - Adults KW - Exercise KW - Nutrition KW - Behavior KW - Risk factors KW - Analysis KW - PE 030:Exercise, Health & Physical Fitness UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/19534914?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aphysicaleducation&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=International+Journal+of+Behavioral+Nutrition+and+Physical+Activity&rft.atitle=Diet+and+physical+activity+behavior+among+users+of+prescription+weight+loss+medications&rft.au=Blanck%2C+Heidi+Michels%3BKhan%2C+Laura+Kettel%3BSerdula%2C+Mary+K&rft.aulast=Blanck&rft.aufirst=Heidi&rft.date=2004-01-01&rft.volume=1&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=International+Journal+of+Behavioral+Nutrition+and+Physical+Activity&rft.issn=14795868&rft_id=info:doi/10.1186%2F1479-5868-1-17 LA - English DB - Physical Education Index N1 - Date revised - 2007-06-01 N1 - Last updated - 2015-04-01 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Obesity; Programs; Weight control; Men; Women; Winning; Medications; Diet (weight control); Gerontology; Surveys; Exercise; Adults; Nutrition; Behavior; Analysis; Risk factors DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/1479-5868-1-17 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Behavioral interventions to reduce incidence of HIV, STD, and pregnancy among adolescents: a decade in review AN - 19271125; 5826753 AB - To review adolescent sexual risk-reduction programs that were evaluated using quasi-experimental or experimental methods and published in the 1990s. We describe evaluated programs and identify program and evaluation issues for health educators and researchers. We systematically searched seven electronic databases and hand-searched journals to identify evaluations of behavioral interventions to reduce sexual risk behaviors among adolescents. Articles were included if they were published in the 1990s, provided a theoretical basis for the program, information about the interventions, clear aims, and quasi- experimental or experimental evaluation methods. We identified 101 articles, and 24 met our criteria for inclusion. We reviewed these evaluations to assess their research and program characteristics. The majority of studies included randomized controlled designs and employed delayed follow-up measures. The most commonly measured outcomes were delay of initiation of sexual intercourse, condom use, contraceptive use, and frequency of sexual intercourse. Programs ranged from 1 to 80 sessions, most had adult facilitators, and commonly included skills-building activities about sexual communication, decision-making, and problem solving. The programs included a wide range of strategies for content delivery such as arts and crafts, school councils, and community service learning. Analysis of these programs suggest four overall factors that may impact program effectiveness including the extent to which programs focus on specific skills for reducing sexual risk behaviors; program duration and intensity; what constitutes the content of a total evaluated program including researchers' assumptions of participants' exposure to prior and concurrent programs; and what kind of training is available for facilitators. JF - Journal of Adolescent Health AU - Robin, L AU - Dittus, P AU - Whitaker, D AU - Crosby, R AU - Ethier, K AU - Mezoff, J AU - Miller, K AU - Pappas-Deluca, K AD - Division of Adolescent and School Health, National Center for Chronic Disease Prevention and Health Promotion, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia, USA (L.R. P.D.), lrobin@cdc.gov Y1 - 2004/01// PY - 2004 DA - Jan 2004 SP - 3 EP - 26 PB - Elsevier Science Ltd., The Boulevard Langford Lane Kidlington Oxford OX5 1GB UK, [mailto:usinfo-f@elsevier.com], [URL:http://www.elsevier.nl] VL - 34 IS - 1 SN - 1054-139X, 1054-139X KW - HIV KW - condoms KW - sexual behavior KW - sexually transmitted diseases KW - Health & Safety Science Abstracts; Risk Abstracts; Virology & AIDS Abstracts KW - Acquired immune deficiency syndrome KW - Sexually-transmitted diseases KW - Sexual behavior KW - Adolescents KW - Adolescence KW - decision making KW - Pregnancy KW - Decision making KW - Education KW - Communications KW - Human immunodeficiency virus KW - Reviews KW - H 11000:Diseases/Injuries/Trauma KW - V 22005:AIDS: Epidemiological aspects KW - R2 23060:Medical and environmental health UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/19271125?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Ariskabstracts&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Adolescent+Health&rft.atitle=Behavioral+interventions+to+reduce+incidence+of+HIV%2C+STD%2C+and+pregnancy+among+adolescents%3A+a+decade+in+review&rft.au=Robin%2C+L%3BDittus%2C+P%3BWhitaker%2C+D%3BCrosby%2C+R%3BEthier%2C+K%3BMezoff%2C+J%3BMiller%2C+K%3BPappas-Deluca%2C+K&rft.aulast=Robin&rft.aufirst=L&rft.date=2004-01-01&rft.volume=34&rft.issue=1&rft.spage=3&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+Adolescent+Health&rft.issn=1054139X&rft_id=info:doi/10.1016%2FS1054-139X%2803%2900244-1 LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Human immunodeficiency virus; Reviews; Acquired immune deficiency syndrome; Adolescents; Education; Pregnancy; Communications; decision making; Sexual behavior; Decision making; Adolescence; Sexually-transmitted diseases DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S1054-139X(03)00244-1 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - The contribution of focus groups in the evaluation of hearing conservation program (HCP) effectiveness AN - 19265130; 5843214 AB - Problem: Exclusive reliance on such practices as policy review, audiometric testing audits, and noise surveillance to evaluate the effectiveness of workplace hearing conservation programs (HCP) fails to capture the impact of these programs as experienced by workers at the 'shop floor' and offers little insight into the reasons and potential remedies for noted deficiencies. Methods: A qualitative approach for evaluating industrial HCPs (and their various components) is discussed using three industrial populations as case studies. For each study population, this paper illustrates how focus groups, comprised of line workers and supervisors, were used to clarify and augment information gathered through more traditional program assessments to provide a more enriched picture of hearing conservation practices. Descriptive data on plant hearing conservation program practices at each plant are presented with a comparison of proactive elements of each program relative to the Occupational Safety and Health Administration (OSHA) Hearing Conservation Amendment (HCA) requirement and to internal plant policy. Results: Yearly program evaluation with input from all end-users is important in the process of hearing loss prevention. The qualitative assessment outlined in this paper serves as a basis for future quantitative assessments of HCP effectiveness using hearing threshold data and noise exposure assessments to examine changes in hearing levels as a function of noise exposure and other risk factors for hearing loss. JF - Journal of Safety Research AU - Prince, M M AU - Colligan, MJ AU - Stephenson, C M AU - Bischoff, B J AD - Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH), 4676 Colombia Parkway, MSR 16, Cincinnati, OH 45226, USA, mprince@cdc.gov Y1 - 2004 PY - 2004 DA - 2004 SP - 91 EP - 106 PB - Elsevier Science Ltd., Pergamon, P.O. Box 800 Kidlington Oxford OX5 1DX UK, [mailto:nlinfo-f@elsevier.nl], [URL:http://www.elsevier.nl] VL - 35 IS - 1 SN - 0022-4375, 0022-4375 KW - hearing conservation KW - Health & Safety Science Abstracts; Pollution Abstracts; Risk Abstracts KW - Occupational exposure KW - Noise levels KW - Hearing loss KW - Working conditions KW - R2 23080:Industrial and labor KW - P 7000:NOISE KW - H 1000:Occupational Safety and Health UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/19265130?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Ariskabstracts&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Safety+Research&rft.atitle=The+contribution+of+focus+groups+in+the+evaluation+of+hearing+conservation+program+%28HCP%29+effectiveness&rft.au=Prince%2C+M+M%3BColligan%2C+MJ%3BStephenson%2C+C+M%3BBischoff%2C+B+J&rft.aulast=Prince&rft.aufirst=M&rft.date=2004-01-01&rft.volume=35&rft.issue=1&rft.spage=91&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+Safety+Research&rft.issn=00224375&rft_id=info:doi/10.1016%2Fj.jsr.2003.12.001 LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Noise levels; Occupational exposure; Working conditions; Hearing loss DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jsr.2003.12.001 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Blasting injuries in surface mining with emphasis on flyrock and blast area security AN - 19263515; 5843205 AB - Problem: Blasting is a hazardous component of surface mining. Serious injuries and fatalities result from improper judgment or practice during rock blasting. This paper describes several fatal injury case studies, analyzes causative factors, and emphasizes preventive measures. Method: This study examines publications by MSHA, USGS, and other authors. The primary source of information was MSHA's injury-related publications. Results: During the 21- year period from 1978 to 1998, the mean yearly explosive-related injuries (fatal and nonfatal) for surface coal mines was 8.86 (95% CI: 6.38-11.33), and for surface metal/nonmetal mines 10.76 (95% CI: 8.39-13.14). Flyrock and lack of blast area security accounted for 68.2% of these injuries. This paper reviews several case studies of fatal injuries. Case studies indicate that the causative factors for fatal injuries are primarily personal and task-related and to some extent environmental. A reduction in the annual injuries in surface coal mines was observed during the 10-year period of 1989-1998 [5.80 (95% CI: 2.71-8.89) compared to the previous 10-year period of 1979-1988 [10.90 (95% CI: 7.77- 14.14)]. However, such reduction was not noticed in the metal/nonmetal sector (i.e. 9.30 [95% CI: 6.84-11.76] for the period 1989-1998 compared with 11.00 [95% CI: 7.11-14.89] for the period 1979-1988). Discussion: A multifaceted injury prevention approach consisting of behavioral/educational, administrative/regulatory, and engineering interventions merits consideration. Impact on industry: The mining community, especially the blasters, will find useful information on causative factors and preventive measures to mitigate injuries due to flyrock and lack of blast area security in surface blasting. Discussion of case studies during safety meetings will help to mitigate fatal injuries and derive important payoffs in terms of lower risks and costs of injuries. JF - Journal of Safety Research AU - Bajpayee, T S AU - Rehak, T R AU - Mowrey, G L AU - Ingram, D K AD - NIOSH Pittsburgh Research Laboratory, P.O. Box 18070, Pittsburgh, PA 15236- 0070, USA, TBajpayee@cdc.gov Y1 - 2004 PY - 2004 DA - 2004 SP - 47 EP - 57 PB - Elsevier Science Ltd., Pergamon, P.O. Box 800 Kidlington Oxford OX5 1DX UK, [mailto:nlinfo-f@elsevier.nl], [URL:http://www.elsevier.nl] VL - 35 IS - 1 SN - 0022-4375, 0022-4375 KW - blasting injuries KW - Health & Safety Science Abstracts; Risk Abstracts KW - Injuries KW - Occupational safety KW - Accidents KW - Economics KW - prevention KW - Mortality KW - Mining KW - R2 23080:Industrial and labor KW - H 1000:Occupational Safety and Health UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/19263515?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Ariskabstracts&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Safety+Research&rft.atitle=Blasting+injuries+in+surface+mining+with+emphasis+on+flyrock+and+blast+area+security&rft.au=Bajpayee%2C+T+S%3BRehak%2C+T+R%3BMowrey%2C+G+L%3BIngram%2C+D+K&rft.aulast=Bajpayee&rft.aufirst=T&rft.date=2004-01-01&rft.volume=35&rft.issue=1&rft.spage=47&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+Safety+Research&rft.issn=00224375&rft_id=info:doi/10.1016%2Fj.jsr.2003.07.003 LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Occupational safety; Economics; Injuries; Accidents; Mining; Mortality; prevention DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jsr.2003.07.003 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Mortality among a cohort of uranium mill workers: an update AN - 19260136; 5840121 AB - Aims: To evaluate the mortality experience of 1484 men employed in seven uranium mills in the Colorado Plateau for at least one year on or after 1 January 1940. Methods: Vital status was updated through 1998, and life table analyses were conducted. Results: Mortality from all causes and all cancers was less than expected based on US mortality rates. A statistically significant increase in non-malignant respiratory disease mortality and non-significant increases in mortality from lymphatic and haematopoietic malignancies other than leukaemia, lung cancer, and chronic renal disease were observed. The excess in lymphatic and haematopoietic cancer mortality was due to an increase in mortality from lymphosarcoma and reticulosarcoma and Hodgkin's disease. Within the category of non-malignant respiratory disease, mortality from emphysema and pneumoconioses and other respiratory disease was increased. Mortality from lung cancer and emphysema was higher among workers hired prior to 1955 when exposures to uranium, silica, and vanadium were presumably higher. Mortality from these causes of death did not increase with employment duration. Conclusions: Although the observed excesses were consistent with our a priori hypotheses, positive trends with employment duration were not observed. Limitations included the small cohort size and limited power to detect a moderately increased risk for some outcomes of interest, the inability to estimate individual exposures, and the lack of smoking data. Because of these limitations, firm conclusions about the relation of the observed excesses in mortality and mill exposures are not possible. JF - Occupational and Environmental Medicine AU - Pinkerton, LE AU - Bloom, T F AU - Hein, MJ AU - Ward, E M AD - Epidemiology Section, Industrywide Studies Branch, Division of Surveillance, Hazard Evaluations and Field Studies, The National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, 4676 Columbia Parkway, R-15, Cincinnati, OH 45226, USA, LPinkerton@cdc.gov Y1 - 2004/01// PY - 2004 DA - Jan 2004 SP - 57 EP - 64 VL - 61 IS - 1 SN - 1351-0711, 1351-0711 KW - man KW - epidemiology KW - Health & Safety Science Abstracts; Toxicology Abstracts KW - Mortality KW - Respiratory diseases KW - Cancer KW - USA, Colorado KW - Radiation KW - Uranium KW - Occupational exposure KW - X 24210:Radiation & radioactive materials KW - H 1000:Occupational Safety and Health UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/19260136?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxicologyabstracts&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Occupational+and+Environmental+Medicine&rft.atitle=Mortality+among+a+cohort+of+uranium+mill+workers%3A+an+update&rft.au=Pinkerton%2C+LE%3BBloom%2C+T+F%3BHein%2C+MJ%3BWard%2C+E+M&rft.aulast=Pinkerton&rft.aufirst=LE&rft.date=2004-01-01&rft.volume=61&rft.issue=1&rft.spage=57&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Occupational+and+Environmental+Medicine&rft.issn=13510711&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - USA, Colorado; Occupational exposure; Uranium; Mortality; Respiratory diseases; Cancer; Radiation ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Utility of NCCLS Guidelines for Identifying Extended-Spectrum beta -Lactamases in Non-Escherichia coli and Non-Klebsiella spp. of Enterobacteriaceae AN - 19250241; 5810779 AB - NCCLS screening and confirmation methods for detecting extended-spectrum beta - lactamases (ESBLs) apply only to Escherichia coli and Klebsiella spp., yet ESBLs have been found in other members of the family Enterobacteriaceae. We evaluated the effectiveness of NCCLS methods for detecting ESBLs in 690 gram- negative isolates of Enterobacteriaceae that excluded E. coli, Klebsiella pneumoniae, and Klebsiella oxytoca. Isolates were collected between January 1996 and June 1999 from 53 U.S. hospitals participating in Project ICARE (Intensive Care Antimicrobial Resistance Epidemiology). The antimicrobial susceptibility patterns of the isolates were determined by using the NCCLS broth microdilution method (BMD), and those isolates for which the MIC of ceftazidime, cefotaxime, ceftriaxone, or aztreonam was => 2 mu g/ml or the MIC of cefpodoxime was => 8 mu g/ml (positive ESBL screen test) were further tested for a clavulanic acid (CA) effect by BMD and the disk diffusion method (confirmation tests). Although 355 (51.4%) of the isolates were ESBL screen test positive, only 15 (2.2%) showed a CA effect. Since 3 of the 15 isolates were already highly resistant to the five NCCLS indicator drugs, ESBL detection would have an impact on the reporting of only 1.7% of the isolates in the study. Only 6 of the 15 isolates that showed a CA effect contained a bla sub(TEM), bla sub(SHV), bla sub(CTX-M), or bla sub(OXA) beta -lactamase gene as determined by PCR (with a corresponding isoelectric focusing pattern). Extension of the NCCLS guidelines for ESBL detection to Enterobacteriaceae other than E. coli and Klebsiella spp. does not appear to be warranted in the United States at present, since the test has poor specificity for this population and would result in changes in categorical interpretations for only 1.7% of Enterobacteriaceae tested. JF - Journal of Clinical Microbiology AU - Schwaber, MJ AU - Raney, P M AU - Rasheed, J K AU - Biddle, J W AU - Williams, P AU - McGowan, JE Jr AU - Tenover, F C AD - Division of Healthcare Quality Promotion (G08), Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, 1600 Clifton Rd., NE, Atlanta, GA 30333, fnt1@cdc.gov Y1 - 2004/01// PY - 2004 DA - Jan 2004 SP - 294 EP - 298 PB - American Society for Microbiology, 1752 N Street N.W. Washington, DC 20036 USA, [URL:http://www.asm.org/] VL - 42 IS - 1 SN - 0095-1137, 0095-1137 KW - Microbiology Abstracts B: Bacteriology KW - Aztreonam KW - Cefotaxime KW - Ceftriaxone KW - Cefpodoxime KW - Minimum inhibitory concentration KW - Ceftazidime KW - USA KW - Escherichia coli KW - Klebsiella oxytoca KW - ^b-Lactamase KW - Enterobacteriaceae KW - Hospitals KW - Klebsiella pneumoniae KW - J 02728:Enzymes UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/19250241?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologyb&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Clinical+Microbiology&rft.atitle=Utility+of+NCCLS+Guidelines+for+Identifying+Extended-Spectrum+beta+-Lactamases+in+Non-Escherichia+coli+and+Non-Klebsiella+spp.+of+Enterobacteriaceae&rft.au=Schwaber%2C+MJ%3BRaney%2C+P+M%3BRasheed%2C+J+K%3BBiddle%2C+J+W%3BWilliams%2C+P%3BMcGowan%2C+JE+Jr%3BTenover%2C+F+C&rft.aulast=Schwaber&rft.aufirst=MJ&rft.date=2004-01-01&rft.volume=42&rft.issue=1&rft.spage=294&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+Clinical+Microbiology&rft.issn=00951137&rft_id=info:doi/10.1128%2FJCM.42.1.294-298.2004 LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Klebsiella oxytoca; Escherichia coli; Klebsiella pneumoniae; Enterobacteriaceae; USA; Hospitals; Ceftriaxone; Minimum inhibitory concentration; Ceftazidime; Cefotaxime; Cefpodoxime; Aztreonam; ^b-Lactamase DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/JCM.42.1.294-298.2004 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Transfer of a Mycobacterium tuberculosis Genotyping Method, Spoligotyping, from a Reverse Line-Blot Hybridization, Membrane-Based Assay to the Luminex Multianalyte Profiling System AN - 19248361; 5810718 AB - Spoligotyping using Luminex technology was shown to be a highly reproducible method suitable for high-throughput analysis. Spoligotyping of 48 isolates using the traditional membrane-based assay and the Luminex assay yielded concordant results for all isolates. The Luminex platform provides greater flexibility and cost effectiveness than the membrane-based assay. JF - Journal of Clinical Microbiology AU - Cowan, L S AU - Diem, L AU - Brake, M C AU - Crawford, J T AD - Mailstop F08, CDC, 1600 Clifton Rd., Atlanta, GA 30333, LCowan@cdc.gov Y1 - 2004/01// PY - 2004 DA - Jan 2004 SP - 474 EP - 477 PB - American Society for Microbiology, 1752 N Street N.W. Washington, DC 20036 USA, [URL:http://www.asm.org/] VL - 42 IS - 1 SN - 0095-1137, 0095-1137 KW - Microbiology Abstracts B: Bacteriology KW - Genotyping KW - Assays KW - Tuberculosis KW - Hybridization analysis KW - Mycobacterium tuberculosis KW - spoligotyping KW - J 02710:Identification, taxonomy and typing KW - J 02704:Enumeration UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/19248361?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologyb&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Clinical+Microbiology&rft.atitle=Transfer+of+a+Mycobacterium+tuberculosis+Genotyping+Method%2C+Spoligotyping%2C+from+a+Reverse+Line-Blot+Hybridization%2C+Membrane-Based+Assay+to+the+Luminex+Multianalyte+Profiling+System&rft.au=Cowan%2C+L+S%3BDiem%2C+L%3BBrake%2C+M+C%3BCrawford%2C+J+T&rft.aulast=Cowan&rft.aufirst=L&rft.date=2004-01-01&rft.volume=42&rft.issue=1&rft.spage=474&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+Clinical+Microbiology&rft.issn=00951137&rft_id=info:doi/10.1128%2FJCM.42.1.474-477.2004 LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Last updated - 2015-03-24 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Genotyping; Assays; Tuberculosis; Hybridization analysis; spoligotyping; Mycobacterium tuberculosis DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/JCM.42.1.474-477.2004 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Measurement of Serum Bactericidal Activity Specific for Haemophilus influenzae Type b by Using a Chromogenic and Fluorescent Metabolic Indicator AN - 19242175; 5810355 AB - We evaluated alamarBlue as a metabolic indicator in a standardized assay for the measurement of serum bactericidal activity (SBA) to Haemophilus influenzae type b (Hib) using sera containing natural and vaccine-induced anticapsular (polyribosylribitol phosphate) antibodies. SBA assays with a colorimetric and a fluorometric end point in the presence of alamarBlue were developed and compared to a standard SBA assay, where colony counts are performed to determine the titer (12). A colorimetric end point required a spectrophotometer, whereas a fluorometric end point required a fluorometer. Prevaccination sera (n = 27) and postvaccination sera (n = 13) were tested by all three methodologies, and the SBA titers obtained in the presence of alamarBlue were compared to those from the standard method. Both the colorimetric and the fluorometric SBA titers were significantly correlated (r = 0.87 and r = 0.95, respectively) with those of the standard assay (=> 50% killing as the SBA titer end point), and titers were not significantly different when compared to those of the standard assay (P > 0.68). However, the fluorometric end point had superior performance and ease of titer determination compared to the colorimetric end point (95 versus 87% of SBA titers were within 2 dilutions of the standard titer). Hib SBA assays with alamarBlue are reproducible, faster (same-day assay), and easier to perform than the standardized assay, which requires manual or automated colony counts. These semiautomated methodologies result in increased sample throughput and collection of data in digital formats that can be exported to data analysis programs for determination of SBA titers. JF - Clinical and Diagnostic Laboratory Immunology AU - Romero-Steiner, S AU - Spear, W AU - Brown, N AU - Holder, P AU - Hennessy, T AU - De Leon, PG AU - Carlone, G M AD - MS A-36, Respiratory Diseases Immunology Section, Respiratory Diseases Branch, Division of Bacterial and Mycotic Diseases, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, 1600 Clifton Rd., Atlanta, GA 30333, SSteiner@cdc.gov Y1 - 2004/01// PY - 2004 DA - Jan 2004 SP - 89 EP - 93 PB - American Society for Microbiology, 1752 N Street N.W. Washington, DC 20036 USA, [URL:http://www.asm.org/] VL - 11 IS - 1 SN - 1071-412X, 1071-412X KW - man KW - polyribosylribitol phosphate KW - Microbiology Abstracts B: Bacteriology; Immunology Abstracts KW - Capsules KW - Haemophilus influenzae KW - Colorimetry KW - Antibody response KW - Serum bactericidal activity KW - Fluorometry KW - J 02831:Techniques and reagents KW - F 06801:Bacteria UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/19242175?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologyb&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Clinical+and+Diagnostic+Laboratory+Immunology&rft.atitle=Measurement+of+Serum+Bactericidal+Activity+Specific+for+Haemophilus+influenzae+Type+b+by+Using+a+Chromogenic+and+Fluorescent+Metabolic+Indicator&rft.au=Romero-Steiner%2C+S%3BSpear%2C+W%3BBrown%2C+N%3BHolder%2C+P%3BHennessy%2C+T%3BDe+Leon%2C+PG%3BCarlone%2C+G+M&rft.aulast=Romero-Steiner&rft.aufirst=S&rft.date=2004-01-01&rft.volume=11&rft.issue=1&rft.spage=89&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Clinical+and+Diagnostic+Laboratory+Immunology&rft.issn=1071412X&rft_id=info:doi/10.1128%2FCDLI.11.1.89-93.2004 LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Haemophilus influenzae; Serum bactericidal activity; Capsules; Fluorometry; Antibody response; Colorimetry DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/CDLI.11.1.89-93.2004 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Use of Real-Time PCR To Resolve Slide Agglutination Discrepancies in Serogroup Identification of Neisseria meningitidis AN - 19240599; 5810760 AB - Neisseria meningitidis is a leading cause of bacterial meningitis and septicemia in children and young adults in the United States. Rapid and reliable identification of N. meningitidis serogroups is crucial for judicious and expedient response to cases of meningococcal disease, including decisions about vaccination campaigns. From 1997 to 2002, 1,298 N. meningitidis isolates, collected in the United States through the Active Bacterial Core surveillance (ABCs), were tested by slide agglutination serogrouping (SASG) at both the ABCs sites and the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC). For over 95% of isolates, SASG results were concordant, while discrepant results were reported for 58 isolates. To resolve these discrepancies, we repeated the SASG in a blinded fashion and employed ctrA and six serogroup-specific PCR assays (SGS-PCR) to determine the genetic capsule type. Seventy-eight percent of discrepancies were resolved, since results of the SGS-PCR and SASG blinded study agreed with each other and confirmed the SASG result at either state health laboratories or CDC. This study demonstrated the ability of SGS-PCR to efficiently resolve SASG discrepancies and identified the main cause of the discrepancies as overreporting of these isolates as nongroupable. It also reemphasized the importance of adherence to quality assurance procedures when performing SASG and prompted prospective monitoring for SASG discrepancies involving isolates collected through ABCs in the United States. JF - Journal of Clinical Microbiology AU - Mothershed, E A AU - Sacchi, C T AU - Whitney, A M AU - Barnett, G A AU - Ajello, G W AU - Schmink, S AU - Mayer, L W AU - Phelan, M AU - Taylor, TH Jr AU - Bernhardt, SA AU - Rosenstein, N E AU - Popovic, T AD - Meningitis and Special Pathogens Branch, Division of Bacterial and Mycotic Diseases, National Center for Infectious Diseases, CDC, MS D-11, 1600 Clifton Rd., N.E., Atlanta, GA 30333, emothershed@cdc.gov Y1 - 2004/01// PY - 2004 DA - Jan 2004 SP - 320 EP - 328 PB - American Society for Microbiology, 1752 N Street N.W. Washington, DC 20036 USA, [URL:http://www.asm.org/] VL - 42 IS - 1 SN - 0095-1137, 0095-1137 KW - Microbiology Abstracts B: Bacteriology KW - Agglutination KW - USA KW - Quality control KW - Serotyping KW - Polymerase chain reaction KW - Neisseria meningitidis KW - J 02831:Techniques and reagents UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/19240599?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologyb&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Clinical+Microbiology&rft.atitle=Use+of+Real-Time+PCR+To+Resolve+Slide+Agglutination+Discrepancies+in+Serogroup+Identification+of+Neisseria+meningitidis&rft.au=Mothershed%2C+E+A%3BSacchi%2C+C+T%3BWhitney%2C+A+M%3BBarnett%2C+G+A%3BAjello%2C+G+W%3BSchmink%2C+S%3BMayer%2C+L+W%3BPhelan%2C+M%3BTaylor%2C+TH+Jr%3BBernhardt%2C+SA%3BRosenstein%2C+N+E%3BPopovic%2C+T&rft.aulast=Mothershed&rft.aufirst=E&rft.date=2004-01-01&rft.volume=42&rft.issue=1&rft.spage=320&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+Clinical+Microbiology&rft.issn=00951137&rft_id=info:doi/10.1128%2FJCM.42.1.320-328.2004 LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Neisseria meningitidis; USA; Polymerase chain reaction; Serotyping; Agglutination; Quality control DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/JCM.42.1.320-328.2004 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - High prevalence of silicosis among stone carvers in Brazil AN - 19238170; 5811583 AB - In the city of Petropolis, Brazil, artisans carve souvenirs from a variety of silica-containing minerals. The finding of pulmonary massive fibrosis in one of the workers motivated an investigation of the prevalence of silicosis in this group. Between January 2000 and June 2002, a cross-sectional study was performed. We obtained clinical and occupational histories, spirometry, lung volumes, and carbon monoxide diffusion capacity measurements. Chest radiographs and high-resolution computed tomographies (HRCT) were evaluated. Personal air samples were analyzed. Forty-two stone carvers were examined. The prevalence of silicosis was 53.7%. HRCT better characterized silicotic lesions compared to chest radiographs. Early coalescence of small opacities was associated with lung function impairment. The concentration of dust exceeded permissible limits in 91% of the workplaces. Exposure to high levels of silica dust was associated with an increased prevalence of silicosis among stone carvers. JF - American Journal of Industrial Medicine AU - Antao, VCP AU - Pinheiro, G A AU - Kavakama, J AU - Terra-Filho, M AD - Reference Center for Occupational Lung Diseases, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Rio de Janeiro State University, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil, vfc1@cdc.gov Y1 - 2004 PY - 2004 DA - 2004 SP - 194 EP - 201 PB - John Wiley & Sons, Inc., 111 River Street Hoboken NJ 07030 USA, [mailto:custserv@wiley.com], [URL:http://www.wiley.com/] VL - 45 IS - 2 SN - 0271-3586, 0271-3586 KW - man KW - epidemiology KW - silicosis KW - stone carvers KW - stone carving KW - Toxicology Abstracts; Health & Safety Science Abstracts KW - Respiratory diseases KW - Dust KW - Silicosis KW - Brazil KW - Minerals KW - Occupational exposure KW - Silicon dioxide KW - H 1000:Occupational Safety and Health KW - X 24152:Chronic exposure UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/19238170?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxicologyabstracts&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=American+Journal+of+Industrial+Medicine&rft.atitle=High+prevalence+of+silicosis+among+stone+carvers+in+Brazil&rft.au=Antao%2C+VCP%3BPinheiro%2C+G+A%3BKavakama%2C+J%3BTerra-Filho%2C+M&rft.aulast=Antao&rft.aufirst=VCP&rft.date=2004-01-01&rft.volume=45&rft.issue=2&rft.spage=194&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=American+Journal+of+Industrial+Medicine&rft.issn=02713586&rft_id=info:doi/10.1002%2Fajim.10331 LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Brazil; Dust; Occupational exposure; Minerals; Respiratory diseases; Silicosis; Silicon dioxide DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ajim.10331 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Quantitative exposure-response for silica dust and lung cancer in Vermont granite workers AN - 19238136; 5811577 AB - Excess lung cancer mortality among the exposed Vermont granite workers has been reported. These studies were based on job and tenure surrogates, with the potential for misclassification and inability to evaluate quantitative exposure- response. Industrial hygiene data collected from 1924 to 1977 was analyzed in conjunction with mortality data to examine quantitative exposure-response for silica, lung cancer, and other lung diseases. A person-years analysis was undertaken by cumulative exposure group, including lagged and unlagged tabulations. Poisson models were fitted to untransformed and log transformed exposure. The results indicated a clear relationship of lung cancer, tuberculosis, pneumoconiosis, non-malignant lung disease, and kidney cancer with cumulative exposure. An exposure to 0.05 mg/m super(3) from age 20 to 64 was associated with a lifetime excess risk of lung cancer for white males of 27/1,000. The results of this study of workers exposed almost exclusively to silica and no other major occupational confounding exposures indicate a clear exposure-response for lung cancer. JF - American Journal of Industrial Medicine AU - Attfield, MD AU - Costello, J AD - Division of Respiratory Disease Studies, NIOSH, Morgantown, West Virginia, MDA1@CDC.GOV Y1 - 2004 PY - 2004 DA - 2004 SP - 129 EP - 138 PB - John Wiley & Sons, Inc., 111 River Street Hoboken NJ 07030 USA, [mailto:custserv@wiley.com], [URL:http://www.wiley.com/] VL - 45 IS - 2 SN - 0271-3586, 0271-3586 KW - man KW - epidemiology KW - granite KW - silica KW - Toxicology Abstracts; Health & Safety Science Abstracts; Pollution Abstracts; Risk Abstracts KW - Dust KW - Occupational exposure KW - Silicon dioxide KW - Lung cancer KW - Mortality KW - Cancer KW - Lung KW - USA, Vermont KW - R2 23080:Industrial and labor KW - H 1000:Occupational Safety and Health KW - P 6000:TOXICOLOGY AND HEALTH KW - X 24152:Chronic exposure UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/19238136?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Ariskabstracts&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=American+Journal+of+Industrial+Medicine&rft.atitle=Quantitative+exposure-response+for+silica+dust+and+lung+cancer+in+Vermont+granite+workers&rft.au=Attfield%2C+MD%3BCostello%2C+J&rft.aulast=Attfield&rft.aufirst=MD&rft.date=2004-01-01&rft.volume=45&rft.issue=2&rft.spage=129&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=American+Journal+of+Industrial+Medicine&rft.issn=02713586&rft_id=info:doi/10.1002%2Fajim.10348 LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - USA, Vermont; Dust; Occupational exposure; Mortality; Lung cancer; silica; Lung; Cancer; Silicon dioxide DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ajim.10348 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Comparison of a Multiplexed Fluorescent Covalent Microsphere Immunoassay and an Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay for Measurement of Human Immunoglobulin G Antibodies to Anthrax Toxins AN - 19235515; 5810327 AB - Recently, the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention reported an accurate, sensitive, specific, reproducible, and quantitative enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) for immunoglobulin G (IgG) antibodies to Bacillus anthracis protective antigen (PA) in human serum (C. P. Quinn, V. A. Semenova, C. M. Elie et al., Emerg. Infect. Dis. 8:1103-1110, 2002). The ELISA had a minimum detectable concentration (MDC) of 0.06 mu g/ml, which, when dilution adjusted, yielded a whole-serum MDC of 3.0 mu g of anti-PA IgG per ml. The reliable detection limit (RDL) was 0.09 mu g/ml, while the dynamic range was 0.06 to 1.7 mu g/ml. The diagnostic sensitivity of the assay was 97.6% and the diagnostic specificity was 94.2% for clinically verified cases of anthrax. A competitive inhibition anti-PA IgG ELISA was also developed to enhance the diagnostic specificity to 100%. We report a newly developed fluorescence covalent microbead immunosorbent assay (FCMIA) for B. anthracis PA which was Luminex xMap technology. The FCMIA MDC was 0.006 mu g of anti-PA IgG per ml, the RDL was 0.016 mu g/ml, and the whole-serum equivalent MDC was 1.5 mu g/ml. The dynamic range was 0.006 to 6.8 mu g/ml. Using this system, we analyzed 20 serum samples for anti-PA IgG and compared our results to those measured by ELISA in a double-masked analysis. The two methods had a high positive correlation (r = 0.852; P < 0.001). The FCMIA appears to have benefits over the ELISA for the measurement of anti-PA IgG, including greater sensitivity and speed, enhanced dynamic range and reagent stability, the use of smaller sample volumes, and the ability to be multiplexed (measurement of more than one analyte simultaneously), as evidenced by the multiplexed measurement in the present report of anti-PA and anti-lethal factor IgG in serum from a confirmed clinical anthrax infection. JF - Clinical and Diagnostic Laboratory Immunology AU - Biagini, R E AU - Sammons, D L AU - Smith, J P AU - MacKenzie, BA AU - Striley, CAF AU - Semenova, V AU - Steward-Clark, E AU - Stamey, K AU - Freeman, A E AU - Quinn, C P AU - Snawder, JE AD - Division of Applied Research and Technology, Biomonitoring and Health Assessment Branch, Biological Monitoring Laboratory Section, CDC/NIOSH MS C-26, Robert A. Taft Laboratories, 4676 Columbia Parkway, Cincinnati, OH 45226, rbiagini@cdc.gov Y1 - 2004/01// PY - 2004 DA - Jan 2004 SP - 50 EP - 55 PB - American Society for Microbiology, 1752 N Street N.W. Washington, DC 20036 USA, [URL:http://www.asm.org/] VL - 11 IS - 1 SN - 1071-412X, 1071-412X KW - man KW - Microbiology Abstracts B: Bacteriology; Immunology Abstracts KW - Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay KW - Antibody response KW - Bacillus anthracis KW - Toxins KW - Immunoglobulin G KW - Anthrax KW - Immunoassays KW - J 02831:Techniques and reagents KW - F 06720:ELISA UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/19235515?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologyb&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Clinical+and+Diagnostic+Laboratory+Immunology&rft.atitle=Comparison+of+a+Multiplexed+Fluorescent+Covalent+Microsphere+Immunoassay+and+an+Enzyme-Linked+Immunosorbent+Assay+for+Measurement+of+Human+Immunoglobulin+G+Antibodies+to+Anthrax+Toxins&rft.au=Biagini%2C+R+E%3BSammons%2C+D+L%3BSmith%2C+J+P%3BMacKenzie%2C+BA%3BStriley%2C+CAF%3BSemenova%2C+V%3BSteward-Clark%2C+E%3BStamey%2C+K%3BFreeman%2C+A+E%3BQuinn%2C+C+P%3BSnawder%2C+JE&rft.aulast=Biagini&rft.aufirst=R&rft.date=2004-01-01&rft.volume=11&rft.issue=1&rft.spage=50&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Clinical+and+Diagnostic+Laboratory+Immunology&rft.issn=1071412X&rft_id=info:doi/10.1128%2FCDLI.11.1.50-55.2004 LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Bacillus anthracis; Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay; Immunoglobulin G; Antibody response; Anthrax; Toxins; Immunoassays DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/CDLI.11.1.50-55.2004 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Mortality patterns among workers exposed to styrene in the reinforced plastic boatbuilding industry: An update AN - 19233957; 5811580 AB - Mortality was updated through 1998 for 5,204 workers exposed to styrene between 1959 and 1978 at two reinforced plastic boatbuilding plants. The a priori hypothesis: leukemia and lymphoma excesses would be found. Standardized mortality ratios (SMR) and 95% confidence intervals (CI) used Washington State and U.S. rates. Overall, 860 deaths occurred (SMR 1.09, CI 1.02-1.17), with excess mortality for esophageal cancer (n = 12, SMR 2.30, CI 1.19-4.02), prostate cancer (n = 24, SMR 1.71, CI 1.09-2.54), and accidents (n = 99, SMR 1.26, CI 1.02-1.53). Among 2,062 highly exposed workers, urinary tract cancer (n = 6, SMR 3.44, CI 1.26-7.50) and respiratory disease (n = 12, SMR 2.54, CI 1.31- 4.44) rates were elevated. Urinary tract cancer SMR increased with duration of employment. We found no excess leukemia or lymphoma mortality. Unanticipated excess urinary tract cancer and respiratory disease mortality, possibly associated with styrene exposure, are difficult to interpret and could be chance findings. JF - American Journal of Industrial Medicine AU - Ruder, A M AU - Ward, E M AU - Dong, M AU - Okun, AH AU - Davis-King, K AD - The National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, Cincinnati, Ohio, amr2@cdc.gov Y1 - 2004 PY - 2004 DA - 2004 SP - 165 EP - 176 PB - John Wiley & Sons, Inc., 111 River Street Hoboken NJ 07030 USA, [mailto:custserv@wiley.com], [URL:http://www.wiley.com/] VL - 45 IS - 2 SN - 0271-3586, 0271-3586 KW - man KW - epidemiology KW - boat building KW - reinforced plastics KW - Toxicology Abstracts; Health & Safety Science Abstracts KW - Styrene KW - Mortality KW - Respiratory diseases KW - Cancer KW - Accidents KW - Occupational exposure KW - H 1000:Occupational Safety and Health KW - X 24152:Chronic exposure UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/19233957?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxicologyabstracts&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=American+Journal+of+Industrial+Medicine&rft.atitle=Mortality+patterns+among+workers+exposed+to+styrene+in+the+reinforced+plastic+boatbuilding+industry%3A+An+update&rft.au=Ruder%2C+A+M%3BWard%2C+E+M%3BDong%2C+M%3BOkun%2C+AH%3BDavis-King%2C+K&rft.aulast=Ruder&rft.aufirst=A&rft.date=2004-01-01&rft.volume=45&rft.issue=2&rft.spage=165&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=American+Journal+of+Industrial+Medicine&rft.issn=02713586&rft_id=info:doi/10.1002%2Fajim.10349 LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Styrene; Accidents; Occupational exposure; Cancer; Mortality; Respiratory diseases DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ajim.10349 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Evaluation of the Determine Rapid Syphilis TP Assay Using Sera AN - 19231398; 5810335 AB - The Abbott Determine Rapid Syphilis TP assay is a treponemal test that can be used in resource-poor settings that lack laboratory facilities. However, this test has not been extensively evaluated. We measured its sensitivity and specificity by using stored serum specimens (n = 567) from all persons who tested Treponema pallidum hemagglutination assay (TPHA) positive (n = 250) or TPHA indeterminate (n = 17) in the year 2001 and the first 300 patients in 2001 who tested TPHA negative at the Evandro Chagas Research Institute in Rio de Janeiro, Brazil. This rapid assay was independently interpreted by three different observers. With TPHA results as the reference, sensitivity ranged between readers from 95.6 to 98.4% and specificity ranged from 97.3 to 95.7%. There was little interreader variability in the interpretation of results, with approximately 98% agreement for all reader combinations. Of samples from persons with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection (n = 198), sensitivity was 96.9 to 99.2% and it was 94.4 to 96.3% among HIV-negative persons (n = 127). Specificity was 92.4 to 95.5% among HIV-positive persons and 97.2 to 100% among HIV-negative persons. We found this test to have high sensitivity and specificity and little interreader variability, indicating that it may be easily used in resource-poor settings without laboratory facilities. Further studies are needed using this test on whole blood and under the clinical conditions for which it is intended. JF - Clinical and Diagnostic Laboratory Immunology AU - Diaz, T AU - Almeida, MUB AU - Georg, I AU - Maia, SU AU - De Souza, RV AU - Markowitz, LE AD - Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, NCSTP, GAP, MS E30, 1600 Clifton Rd., Atlanta, GA 30333, txd1@cdc.gov Y1 - 2004/01// PY - 2004 DA - Jan 2004 SP - 98 EP - 101 PB - American Society for Microbiology, 1752 N Street N.W. Washington, DC 20036 USA, [URL:http://www.asm.org/] VL - 11 IS - 1 SN - 1071-412X, 1071-412X KW - man KW - HIV KW - Microbiology Abstracts B: Bacteriology; Immunology Abstracts KW - Assays KW - Hemagglutination KW - Serum KW - Human immunodeficiency virus KW - Brazil KW - Treponema pallidum KW - Syphilis KW - J 02831:Techniques and reagents KW - F 06717:Agglutination, complement & neutralization UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/19231398?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologyb&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Clinical+and+Diagnostic+Laboratory+Immunology&rft.atitle=Evaluation+of+the+Determine+Rapid+Syphilis+TP+Assay+Using+Sera&rft.au=Diaz%2C+T%3BAlmeida%2C+MUB%3BGeorg%2C+I%3BMaia%2C+SU%3BDe+Souza%2C+RV%3BMarkowitz%2C+LE&rft.aulast=Diaz&rft.aufirst=T&rft.date=2004-01-01&rft.volume=11&rft.issue=1&rft.spage=98&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Clinical+and+Diagnostic+Laboratory+Immunology&rft.issn=1071412X&rft_id=info:doi/10.1128%2FCDLI.11.1.98-101.2004 LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Treponema pallidum; Human immunodeficiency virus; Brazil; Syphilis; Hemagglutination; Serum; Assays DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/CDLI.11.1.98-101.2004 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Acute occupational pesticide-related illness in the US, 1998-1999: Surveillance findings from the SENSOR-pesticides program AN - 19198195; 5788337 AB - Concern about the adverse public health and environmental effects of pesticide use is persistent. Recognizing the importance of surveillance for acute occupational pesticide-related illness, we report on surveillance for this condition across multiple states. Survey data collected between 1998 and 1999 were obtained from the seven states that conduct acute occupational pesticide- related illness surveillance as part of the Sentinel Event Notification System for Occupational Risks (SENSOR) program. Data were collected by these state programs in a standardized manner and analyzed. Acute occupational pesticide- related illness incidence rates for those employed in agriculture and those employed in non-agricultural industries were also calculated. Between 1998 and 1999, a total of 1,009 individuals with acute occupational pesticide-related illness were identified by states participating in the SENSOR-pesticides program. The mean age was 36 years, and incidence rates peaked among 20-24 year- old workers. The overall incidence rate was 1.17 per 100,000 full time equivalents (FTEs). The incidence rate among those employed in agriculture was higher (18.2/100,000 FTEs) compared to those employed in non-agricultural industries (0.53/100,000 FTEs). Most of the illnesses were of low severity (69.7%). Severity was moderate in 29.6% of the cases, and high in four cases (0.4%). Three fatalities were identified. Insecticides were responsible for 49% of all illnesses. Surveillance is an important tool to assess acute pesticide- related illness, and to identify associated risk factors. Our findings suggest that these illnesses continue to be an important occupational health problem, especially in agriculture. As such, greater efforts are needed to prevent acute occupational pesticide-related illness. JF - American Journal of Industrial Medicine AU - Calvert, G M AU - Plate, D K AU - Das, R AU - Rosales, R AU - Shafey, O AU - Thomsen, C AU - Male, D AU - Beckman, J AU - Arvizu, E AU - Lackovic, M AD - Division of Surveillance, Hazard Evaluations, and Field Studies, National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Cincinnati, Ohio, JAC6@CDC.GOV Y1 - 2004 PY - 2004 DA - 2004 SP - 14 EP - 23 PB - John Wiley & Sons, Inc., 111 River Street Hoboken NJ 07030 USA, [mailto:custserv@wiley.com], [URL:http://www.wiley.com/] VL - 45 IS - 1 SN - 0271-3586, 0271-3586 KW - man KW - Toxicology Abstracts; Risk Abstracts; Health & Safety Science Abstracts KW - Risk assessment KW - Agrochemicals KW - Public health KW - USA KW - Pesticides KW - Occupational exposure KW - R2 23080:Industrial and labor KW - X 24131:Acute exposure KW - H 5000:Pesticides UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/19198195?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Ariskabstracts&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=American+Journal+of+Industrial+Medicine&rft.atitle=Acute+occupational+pesticide-related+illness+in+the+US%2C+1998-1999%3A+Surveillance+findings+from+the+SENSOR-pesticides+program&rft.au=Calvert%2C+G+M%3BPlate%2C+D+K%3BDas%2C+R%3BRosales%2C+R%3BShafey%2C+O%3BThomsen%2C+C%3BMale%2C+D%3BBeckman%2C+J%3BArvizu%2C+E%3BLackovic%2C+M&rft.aulast=Calvert&rft.aufirst=G&rft.date=2004-01-01&rft.volume=45&rft.issue=1&rft.spage=14&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=American+Journal+of+Industrial+Medicine&rft.issn=02713586&rft_id=info:doi/10.1002%2Fajim.10309 LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - USA; Pesticides; Occupational exposure; Risk assessment; Agrochemicals; Public health DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ajim.10309 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Vancomycin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus Isolate from a Patient in Pennsylvania AN - 19196608; 5794175 AB - A vancomycin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (VRSA) isolate was obtained from a patient in Pennsylvania in September 2002. Species identification was confirmed by standard biochemical tests and analysis of 16S ribosomal DNA, gyrA, and gyrB sequences; all of the results were consistent with the S. aureus identification. The MICs of a variety of antimicrobial agents were determined by broth microdilution and macrodilution methods following National Committee for Clinical Laboratory Standards (NCCLS) guidelines. The isolate was resistant to vancomycin (MIC = 32 mu g/ml), aminoglycosides, beta -lactams, fluoroquinolones, macrolides, and tetracycline, but it was susceptible to linezolid, minocycline, quinupristin-dalfopristin, rifampin, teicoplanin, and trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole. The isolate, which was originally detected by using disk diffusion and a vancomycin agar screen plate, was vancomycin susceptible by automated susceptibility testing methods. Pulsed-field gel electrophoresis (PFGE) of SmaI-digested genomic DNA indicated that the isolate belonged to the USA100 lineage (also known as the New York/Japan clone), the most common staphylococcal PFGE type found in hospitals in the United States. The VRSA isolate contained two plasmids of 120 and 4 kb and was positive for mecA and vanA by PCR amplification. The vanA sequence was identical to the vanA sequence present in Tn1546. A DNA probe for vanA hybridized to the 120-kb plasmid. This is the second VRSA isolate reported in the United States. JF - Antimicrobial Agents & Chemotherapy AU - Tenover, F C AU - Weigel, L M AU - Appelbaum, P C AU - McDougal, L K AU - Chaitram, J AU - McAllister, S AU - Clark, N AU - Killgore, G AU - O'Hara, C M AU - Jevitt, L AU - Patel, J B AU - Bozdogan, B AD - Division of Healthcare Quality Promotion, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (G08), 1600 Clifton Rd., Atlanta, GA 30333, fnt1@cdc.gov Y1 - 2004/01// PY - 2004 DA - Jan 2004 SP - 275 EP - 280 PB - American Society for Microbiology, 1752 N Street N.W. Washington, DC 20036 USA, [URL:http://www.asm.org/] VL - 48 IS - 1 SN - 0066-4804, 0066-4804 KW - case reports KW - Microbiology Abstracts B: Bacteriology KW - Clinical isolates KW - Fluoroquinolones KW - vanA gene KW - Drug resistance KW - gyrB gene KW - Tetracyclines KW - Macrolide antibiotics KW - Aminoglycoside antibiotics KW - gyrA gene KW - ^b-Lactam antibiotics KW - USA, Pennsylvania KW - Pulsed-field gel electrophoresis KW - Vancomycin KW - Staphylococcus aureus KW - rRNA 16S KW - J 02814:Drug resistance UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/19196608?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologyb&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Antimicrobial+Agents+%26+Chemotherapy&rft.atitle=Vancomycin-Resistant+Staphylococcus+aureus+Isolate+from+a+Patient+in+Pennsylvania&rft.au=Tenover%2C+F+C%3BWeigel%2C+L+M%3BAppelbaum%2C+P+C%3BMcDougal%2C+L+K%3BChaitram%2C+J%3BMcAllister%2C+S%3BClark%2C+N%3BKillgore%2C+G%3BO%27Hara%2C+C+M%3BJevitt%2C+L%3BPatel%2C+J+B%3BBozdogan%2C+B&rft.aulast=Tenover&rft.aufirst=F&rft.date=2004-01-01&rft.volume=48&rft.issue=1&rft.spage=275&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Antimicrobial+Agents+%26+Chemotherapy&rft.issn=00664804&rft_id=info:doi/10.1128%2FAAC.48.1.275-280.2004 LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Staphylococcus aureus; USA, Pennsylvania; Vancomycin; Drug resistance; Clinical isolates; rRNA 16S; gyrA gene; gyrB gene; Aminoglycoside antibiotics; ^b-Lactam antibiotics; Fluoroquinolones; Macrolide antibiotics; Tetracyclines; Pulsed-field gel electrophoresis; vanA gene DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/AAC.48.1.275-280.2004 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Disability among adults injured in motor-vehicle crashes in the United States AN - 18045579; 6037474 AB - Introduction: Little population-based information exists about the long-term effects of motor-vehicle crash-related injuries. Method: We analyzed data from the 1995 National Health Interview Survey Disability (NHIS-D) Supplement to estimate the prevalence of crash-related disability among noninstitutionalized U.S. adults aged 18 years and older. Results: More than 1.2 million adults were living in their homes with the disabling effects of motor-vehicle crash-related injuries in 1995. The prevalence of crash-related disability was highest for persons in their mid-life years, ages 35-64. Half of the respondents had sustained the injuries more than 5 years before the interview. Forty-one percent of working-aged individuals reported being unable to work because of their disability. Conclusions: Because crash-related disability is most prevalent during the mid-life years, quality of life and productivity may be affected for decades. These findings highlight the personal and societal burden associated with motor-vehicle crash-related disability in the United States. JF - Journal of Safety Research AU - Shults, R A AU - Jones, B H AU - Kresnow, M-j AU - Langlois, JA AU - Guerrero, J L AD - Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, United States, rshults@cdc.gov Y1 - 2004 PY - 2004 DA - 2004 SP - 447 EP - 452 PB - Elsevier Science Ltd., Pergamon, P.O. Box 800 Kidlington Oxford OX5 1DX UK, [mailto:nlinfo-f@elsevier.nl], [URL:http://www.elsevier.nl] VL - 35 IS - 4 SN - 0022-4375, 0022-4375 KW - Health & Safety Science Abstracts KW - Accidents KW - USA KW - Injuries KW - disabilities KW - Motor vehicles KW - Traffic safety KW - H 11000:Diseases/Injuries/Trauma UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/18045579?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Ahealthsafetyabstracts&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Safety+Research&rft.atitle=Disability+among+adults+injured+in+motor-vehicle+crashes+in+the+United+States&rft.au=Shults%2C+R+A%3BJones%2C+B+H%3BKresnow%2C+M-j%3BLanglois%2C+JA%3BGuerrero%2C+J+L&rft.aulast=Shults&rft.aufirst=R&rft.date=2004-01-01&rft.volume=35&rft.issue=4&rft.spage=447&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+Safety+Research&rft.issn=00224375&rft_id=info:doi/10.1016%2Fj.jsr.2004.06.001 LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - USA; disabilities; Motor vehicles; Accidents; Injuries; Traffic safety DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jsr.2004.06.001 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Public Health and Clinical Recommendations for Physical Activity and Physical Fitness: Special Focus on Overweight Youth AN - 18045065; 6036297 AB - Numerous physical activity and physical fitness recommendations exist for youth. To date, however, no investigator has systematically reviewed these public health and clinical guidelines to determine whether the recommendations address overweight youth. This review examines youth-oriented physical activity and physical fitness recommendations for both the public health community and the clinical community, and assesses how overweight youth are specifically targeted by each of these two groups. Our review determined the extent to which the recommendations assessed four components of physical activity (i.e. frequency, intensity, duration and type) and four components of physical fitness (i.e. cardiorespiratory capacity, strength, flexibility and body composition). We further reviewed clinical recommendations to determine how they included two facets of the physician-patient encounter: assessment and counselling. After identifying all current physical activity and physical fitness recommendations for youth, we evaluated whether public health (n = 13) and clinical recommendations (n = 12) addressed physical activity and physical fitness for overweight youth. Findings revealed inconsistent, yet explicit, recommendations for the public health community where most organisations (12 of 13, 92%) included greater than or equal to 3 physical activity components. In addition, organisations encouraged volumes of daily moderate- to vigorous-intensity physical activity for youth ranging from 30-60 or more minutes. Recommendations for the clinical community generally did not provide explicit physical activity and fitness recommendations to advise physicians on the assessment and counselling of patients and their families. Overweight youth were addressed within some recommendations (6 of 12, 50%) for the clinical community, but within few recommendations (2 of 13, 15%) for the public health community. To best inform public health and clinical communities, organisations developing future recommendations should include information fully documenting the decision-making processes used to develop the recommendations. In cases where mutual goals exist, public health and clinical communities should consider collaborating across agencies to develop joint recommendations. JF - Sports Medicine AU - Fulton, JE AU - Garg, M AU - Galuska, DA AU - Rattay, K T AU - Caspersen, C J AD - Division of Nutrition and Physical Activity, 4770 Buford Highway NE, Mailstop K-46, Atlanta, GA 30341-3724, USA, jkf2@cdc.gov Y1 - 2004 PY - 2004 DA - 2004 SP - 581 EP - 599 VL - 34 IS - 9 SN - 0112-1642, 0112-1642 KW - Health & Safety Science Abstracts; Physical Education Index KW - Obesity KW - Physical fitness (status) KW - Children KW - Exercise (programs) KW - Joints KW - Public health KW - Decision making KW - physical activity KW - H 11000:Diseases/Injuries/Trauma KW - PE 030:Exercise, Health & Physical Fitness UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/18045065?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aphysicaleducation&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Sports+Medicine&rft.atitle=Public+Health+and+Clinical+Recommendations+for+Physical+Activity+and+Physical+Fitness%3A+Special+Focus+on+Overweight+Youth&rft.au=Fulton%2C+JE%3BGarg%2C+M%3BGaluska%2C+DA%3BRattay%2C+K+T%3BCaspersen%2C+C+J&rft.aulast=Fulton&rft.aufirst=JE&rft.date=2004-01-01&rft.volume=34&rft.issue=9&rft.spage=581&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Sports+Medicine&rft.issn=01121642&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - Physical Education Index; ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Public health; Joints; Decision making; Physical fitness (status); Exercise (programs); physical activity; Children; Obesity ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Whole-body vibration and postural stress among operators of construction equipment: A literature review AN - 18042375; 5984518 AB - Introduction: Operators of construction equipment perform various duties at work that expose them to a variety of risk factors that may lead to health problems. A few of the health hazards among operators of construction equipment are: (a) whole-body vibration, (b) awkward postural requirements (including static sitting), (c) dust, (d) noise, (e) temperature extremes, and (f) shift work. It has been suggested that operating engineers (OEs) are exposed to two important risk factors for the development of musculoskeletal disorders: whole- body vibration and non-neutral body postures. Method: This review evaluates selected papers that have studied exposure to whole-body vibration and awkward posture among operators of mobile equipment. There have been only few studies that have specifically examined exposure of these risk factors among operators of construction equipment. Thus other studies from related industry and equipment were reviewed as applicable. Conclusion: In order to better understand whole-body vibration and postural stress among OEs, it is recommended that future studies are needed in evaluating these risk factors among OEs. JF - Journal of Safety Research AU - Kittusamy, N K AU - Buchholz, B AD - Spokane Research Laboratory, National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, 315 E. Montgomery Ave. Spokane, WA 99207, USA, NFK8@CDC.GOV Y1 - 2004 PY - 2004 DA - 2004 SP - 255 EP - 261 PB - Elsevier Science Ltd., Pergamon, P.O. Box 800 Kidlington Oxford OX5 1DX UK, [mailto:nlinfo-f@elsevier.nl], [URL:http://www.elsevier.nl] VL - 35 IS - 3 SN - 0022-4375, 0022-4375 KW - Health & Safety Science Abstracts; Risk Abstracts KW - Construction industry KW - Occupational exposure KW - Stress KW - Reviews KW - Vibration KW - Occupational health KW - posture KW - R2 23080:Industrial and labor KW - H 1000:Occupational Safety and Health UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/18042375?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Ariskabstracts&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Safety+Research&rft.atitle=Whole-body+vibration+and+postural+stress+among+operators+of+construction+equipment%3A+A+literature+review&rft.au=Kittusamy%2C+N+K%3BBuchholz%2C+B&rft.aulast=Kittusamy&rft.aufirst=N&rft.date=2004-01-01&rft.volume=35&rft.issue=3&rft.spage=255&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+Safety+Research&rft.issn=00224375&rft_id=info:doi/10.1016%2Fj.jsr.2004.03.014 LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - posture; Stress; Occupational exposure; Vibration; Construction industry; Reviews; Occupational health DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jsr.2004.03.014 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Cultural case management of latent tuberculosis infection AN - 18036285; 5858774 AB - The proportion of tuberculosis (TB) among foreign-born individuals in the United States is steadily increasing. Treatment of latent TB infection can prevent future cases of disease, although generally only 60% of patients who start a 6-month regimen of isoniazid complete therapy. Cultural case management - employing case manager cultural mediators who serve patient-defined needs in addition to performing TB control functions - may improve results of testing and treatment in one high-risk group, new refugees. A cultural case management approach was established for finding and treating latent TB infection among three groups of new refugees: from the former Soviet Union (FSU), former Yugoslavia (FY), and Somalia. From July 1999 through December 2000, treatment was offered to 442 refugees, of whom 389 (88%) started and 319 (82%) completed therapy. The completion rate among starters from the FSU was 76%, for those from FY it was 94% and for those from Somalia it was 88%. Among all refugees to whom treatment was offered, 319/442 (72%) completed therapy. Cultural case management may be a useful tool for expanding treatment of latent TB infection among foreign-born individuals. JF - International Journal of Tuberculosis and Lung Disease AU - Goldberg, S V AU - Wallace, J AU - Jackson, J C AU - Chaulk, C P AU - Nolan, C M AD - CDC NCHSTP, Division of TB Elimination, Clinical and Health Systems Research Branch, Mailstop E-10, 1600 Clifton Road, NE, Atlanta, GA 30333, USA, ssg3@cdc.gov Y1 - 2004/01// PY - 2004 DA - Jan 2004 SP - 76 EP - 82 VL - 8 IS - 1 SN - 1027-3719, 1027-3719 KW - Microbiology Abstracts B: Bacteriology KW - USA KW - Yugoslavia KW - Risk factors KW - Tuberculosis KW - Infection KW - Treatment KW - Somalia KW - J 02845:Ear, nose and respiratory tract UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/18036285?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologyb&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=International+Journal+of+Tuberculosis+and+Lung+Disease&rft.atitle=Cultural+case+management+of+latent+tuberculosis+infection&rft.au=Goldberg%2C+S+V%3BWallace%2C+J%3BJackson%2C+J+C%3BChaulk%2C+C+P%3BNolan%2C+C+M&rft.aulast=Goldberg&rft.aufirst=S&rft.date=2004-01-01&rft.volume=8&rft.issue=1&rft.spage=76&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=International+Journal+of+Tuberculosis+and+Lung+Disease&rft.issn=10273719&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Last updated - 2015-03-24 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Risk factors; Tuberculosis; Infection; Treatment; USA; Yugoslavia; Somalia ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Evaluation of reporting timeliness of public health surveillance systems for infectious diseases AN - 18030277; 6057889 AB - Timeliness is a key performance measure of public health surveillance systems. Timeliness can vary by disease, intended use of the data, and public health system level. Studies were reviewed to describe methods used to evaluate timeliness and the reporting timeliness of National Notifiable Diseases Surveillance System (NNDSS) data was evaluated to determine if this system could support timely notification and state response to multistate outbreaks. Published papers that quantitatively measured timeliness of infectious disease surveillance systems operating in the U.S. were reviewed. Median reporting timeliness lags were computed for selected nationally notifiable infectious diseases based on a state-assigned week number and various date types. The percentage of cases reported within the estimated incubation periods for each disease was also computed. Few studies have published quantitative measures of reporting timeliness; these studies do not evaluate timeliness in a standard manner. When timeliness of NNDSS data was evaluated, the median national reporting delay, based on date of disease onset, ranged from 12 days for meningococcal disease to 40 days for pertussis. Diseases with the longer incubation periods tended to have a higher percentage of cases reported within its incubation period. For acute hepatitis A virus infection, which had the longest incubation period of the diseases studied, more than 60% of cases were reported within one incubation period for each date type reported. For cryptosporidiosis, Escherichia coli O157:H7 infection, meningococcal disease, salmonellosis, and shigellosis, less than 40% of cases were reported within one incubation period for each reported date type. Published evaluations of infectious disease surveillance reporting timeliness are few in number and are not comparable. A more standardized approach for evaluating and describing surveillance system timeliness should be considered; a recommended methodology is presented. Our analysis of NNDSS reporting timeliness indicated that among the conditions evaluated (except for acute hepatitis A infection), the long reporting lag and the variability across states limits the usefulness of NNDSS data and aberration detection analysis of those data for identification of and timely response to multistate outbreaks. Further evaluation of the factors that contribute to NNDSS reporting timeliness is warranted. JF - BMC Public Health AU - Jajosky, Ruth Ann AU - Groseclose, Samuel L AD - Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Epidemiology Program Office, Division of Public Health Surveillance and Informatics, Surveillance Systems Branch, Atlanta, Georgia, 30333, USA, RJajosky@cdc.gov Y1 - 2004 PY - 2004 DA - 2004 PB - BioMed Central Ltd., Middlesex House 34-42 Cleveland Street London W1T 4LB UK, [mailto:info@biomedcentral.com], [URL:http://www.biomedcentral.com] VL - 4 SN - 1471-2458, 1471-2458 KW - Health & Safety Science Abstracts KW - Data collection KW - Hepatitis A virus KW - outbreaks KW - Warning systems KW - Public health KW - infectious diseases KW - Communications KW - Escherichia coli KW - Hepatitis A KW - Salmonidae KW - H 11000:Diseases/Injuries/Trauma UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/18030277?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Ahealthsafetyabstracts&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=BMC+Public+Health&rft.atitle=Evaluation+of+reporting+timeliness+of+public+health+surveillance+systems+for+infectious+diseases&rft.au=Jajosky%2C+Ruth+Ann%3BGroseclose%2C+Samuel+L&rft.aulast=Jajosky&rft.aufirst=Ruth&rft.date=2004-01-01&rft.volume=4&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=BMC+Public+Health&rft.issn=14712458&rft_id=info:doi/10.1186%2F1471-2458-4-29 LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Salmonidae; Hepatitis A virus; Escherichia coli; infectious diseases; Public health; Hepatitis A; Data collection; Communications; Warning systems; outbreaks DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/1471-2458-4-29 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Injuries, Injury Prevention and Public Health AN - 18026375; 6070755 AB - To introduce the readers to the field of injury prevention and comprehensive public health intervention approaches. A review of injury epidemiology, statistics, definitions, intervention approaches, and the importance of health promotion is provided. Behavioral, environmental, and technological solutions will be necessary to reduce or eliminate the factors that lead to injury. Reductions in injury and their costs will need the support, collaboration, and partnering of several disciplines. The use of sound behavioral and social science theories and methods will be an essential component of intervention effectiveness. JF - American Journal of Health Behavior AU - Sleet, DA AU - Liller, K D AU - White, D D AU - Hopkins, K AD - Division of Unintentional Injury Prevention, National Center for Injury Prevention and Control Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, 4770 Buford Hwy, NE, MSK63, Atlanta, GA 30341, USA, dsleet@cdc.gov Y1 - 2004 PY - 2004 DA - 2004 SP - S6 EP - S12 VL - 28 SN - 1087-3244, 1087-3244 KW - Health & Safety Science Abstracts KW - Injuries KW - Public health KW - Epidemiology KW - Reviews KW - prevention KW - health promotion KW - H 11000:Diseases/Injuries/Trauma UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/18026375?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Ahealthsafetyabstracts&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=American+Journal+of+Health+Behavior&rft.atitle=Injuries%2C+Injury+Prevention+and+Public+Health&rft.au=Sleet%2C+DA%3BLiller%2C+K+D%3BWhite%2C+D+D%3BHopkins%2C+K&rft.aulast=Sleet&rft.aufirst=DA&rft.date=2004-01-01&rft.volume=28&rft.issue=&rft.spage=S6&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=American+Journal+of+Health+Behavior&rft.issn=10873244&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Injuries; prevention; Public health; Reviews; Epidemiology; health promotion ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Effectiveness of primary enforcement safety belt laws and enhanced enforcement of safety belt laws: A summary of the Guide to Community Preventive Services systematic reviews AN - 17986689; 5924167 AB - The use of safety belts is the single most effective means of reducing fatal and nonfatal injuries in motor-vehicle crashes. This paper summarizes the systematic reviews of two interventions to increase safety belt use: primary enforcement safety belt laws and enhanced enforcement of safety belt laws. The reviews were previously published in the American Journal of Preventive Medicine. Methods: We conducted the systematic reviews using the methodology developed for the Guide to Community Preventive Services. Results: These reviews provide strong evidence that primary laws are more effective than secondary laws in increasing safety belt use and decreasing fatalities and that enhanced enforcement is effective in increasing safety belt use. Increases in belt use are generally highest in states with low baseline rates of belt use. Discussion: Primary safety belt laws and enhanced enforcement programs tend to result in greater increases in usage rates for target groups with lower baseline rates. Concerns regarding public opposition to these interventions may impede their implementation in some jurisdictions. However, surveys indicate that a substantial majority of the public supports implementation of both primary laws and enhanced enforcement programs. Conclusion: Based on the strong evidence for effectiveness of primary safety belt laws and enhanced enforcement programs, the Task Force on Community Preventive Services recommended that all states enact primary safety belt laws and that communities implement enhanced enforcement programs. JF - Journal of Safety Research AU - Shults, R A AU - Nichols, J L AU - Dinh-Zarr, T B AU - Sleet, DA AU - Elder, R W AD - Division of Unintentional Injury Prevention, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, 4770 Buford Highway, Mailstop K-63, Atlanta, GA 30341, USA, rshults@cdc.gov Y1 - 2004 PY - 2004 DA - 2004 SP - 189 EP - 196 PB - Elsevier Science Ltd., Pergamon, P.O. Box 800 Kidlington Oxford OX5 1DX UK, [mailto:nlinfo-f@elsevier.nl], [URL:http://www.elsevier.nl] VL - 35 IS - 2 SN - 0022-4375, 0022-4375 KW - enforcement programs KW - Health & Safety Science Abstracts KW - Motor vehicles KW - Protective equipment KW - Legislation KW - traffic safety KW - seat belts KW - H 2000:Transportation UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/17986689?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Ahealthsafetyabstracts&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Safety+Research&rft.atitle=Effectiveness+of+primary+enforcement+safety+belt+laws+and+enhanced+enforcement+of+safety+belt+laws%3A+A+summary+of+the+Guide+to+Community+Preventive+Services+systematic+reviews&rft.au=Shults%2C+R+A%3BNichols%2C+J+L%3BDinh-Zarr%2C+T+B%3BSleet%2C+DA%3BElder%2C+R+W&rft.aulast=Shults&rft.aufirst=R&rft.date=2004-01-01&rft.volume=35&rft.issue=2&rft.spage=189&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+Safety+Research&rft.issn=00224375&rft_id=info:doi/10.1016%2Fj.jsr.2004.03.002 LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - traffic safety; seat belts; Legislation; Motor vehicles; Protective equipment DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jsr.2004.03.002 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Road Safety Is No Accident AN - 17986648; 5924164 JF - Journal of Safety Research AU - Sleet, DA AU - Branche, C M AD - Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, National Center for Injury Prevention and Control, Division of Unintentional Injury Prevention, U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, 4770 Buford Highway, NE, MS K63, Atlanta, GA 30341, USA, DSleet@cdc.gov Y1 - 2004 PY - 2004 DA - 2004 SP - 173 EP - 174 PB - Elsevier Science Ltd., Pergamon, P.O. Box 800 Kidlington Oxford OX5 1DX UK, [mailto:nlinfo-f@elsevier.nl], [URL:http://www.elsevier.nl] VL - 35 IS - 2 SN - 0022-4375, 0022-4375 KW - Health & Safety Science Abstracts KW - driving ability KW - Motor vehicles KW - Highways KW - traffic safety KW - H 2000:Transportation UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/17986648?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Ahealthsafetyabstracts&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Safety+Research&rft.atitle=Road+Safety+Is+No+Accident&rft.au=Sleet%2C+DA%3BBranche%2C+C+M&rft.aulast=Sleet&rft.aufirst=DA&rft.date=2004-01-01&rft.volume=35&rft.issue=2&rft.spage=173&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+Safety+Research&rft.issn=00224375&rft_id=info:doi/10.1016%2Fj.jsr.2004.03.007 LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Highways; traffic safety; driving ability; Motor vehicles DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jsr.2004.03.007 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Farm fatalities to youth 1995-2000: A comparison by age groups AN - 17986434; 5924162 AB - Problem: Although a myriad of research illustrates the safety issues related to farm fatalities in youth populations, very little empirical evidence exists that includes work and non-work related farm fatalities to all youths under 20 years of age at the national level. Methods: This research will use death certificate data for the six years from 1995 to 2000 that were collected by NIOSH from all 50 state vital statistics registries. Demographic data from the 1998 CAIS were used in rate calculations. In addition to providing annual fatality rates and descriptions of the general causes of death, this research will examine the variation between age groups. Results: Analysis of 695 total farm-related youth fatalities shows an average annual fatality rate of 9.3 fatalities per 100, 000 youths. Males account for 80% of these fatalities. The most prevalent causes of death are: machinery (25%), motor vehicle (17%), drowning (16%), suicide (8%) and homicide (6%). Of all youth fatalities occurring while at work, 45% are to youths less than 16 years of age. This same age group accounts for 71% of all non-work related fatalities. Summary: This research will provide farm families and researchers more detailed information on farm hazards that contribute to the deaths of youths. As these youths may encounter hazards while working or playing in their daily environment, identification and elimination of these hazards will increase overall safety on the farm. This research also indicates the need to include youths under 16 years of age in future comprehensive farm safety research. JF - Journal of Safety Research AU - Goldcamp, M AU - Hendricks, K J AU - Myers, J R AD - Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, Morgantown, WV, USA, ehg8@cdc.gov Y1 - 2004 PY - 2004 DA - 2004 SP - 151 EP - 157 PB - Elsevier Science Ltd., Pergamon, P.O. Box 800 Kidlington Oxford OX5 1DX UK, [mailto:nlinfo-f@elsevier.nl], [URL:http://www.elsevier.nl] VL - 35 IS - 2 SN - 0022-4375, 0022-4375 KW - Health & Safety Science Abstracts KW - Agriculture KW - Mortality KW - homicide KW - Injuries KW - Motor vehicles KW - Occupational safety KW - drowning KW - Adolescents KW - H 1000:Occupational Safety and Health UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/17986434?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Ahealthsafetyabstracts&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Safety+Research&rft.atitle=Farm+fatalities+to+youth+1995-2000%3A+A+comparison+by+age+groups&rft.au=Goldcamp%2C+M%3BHendricks%2C+K+J%3BMyers%2C+J+R&rft.aulast=Goldcamp&rft.aufirst=M&rft.date=2004-01-01&rft.volume=35&rft.issue=2&rft.spage=151&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+Safety+Research&rft.issn=00224375&rft_id=info:doi/10.1016%2Fj.jsr.2003.11.005 LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Agriculture; Adolescents; Injuries; Occupational safety; Mortality; Motor vehicles; drowning; homicide DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jsr.2003.11.005 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Pregnancy outcomes following systemic prenatal acyclovir exposure: Conclusions from the international acyclovir pregnancy registry, 1984-1999 AN - 17986231; 5907936 AB - Oral acyclovir is commonly used for genital herpes and other herpesvirus infections. Data on potential fetal risk are extremely limited. From 1984 to 1998, the Acyclovir in Pregnancy Registry monitored birth outcomes of women exposed to oral or intravenous acyclovir during pregnancy. This report describes the final results. The registry was publicized to health care providers most likely to diagnose pregnancy; providers called the registry telephone number, then mailed in a brief questionnaire. Pregnancy outcomes were categorized either as outcomes with birth defects or outcomes without birth defects, subcategorized as live births, spontaneous pregnancy losses (including stillbirths), and induced abortions. Birth defects were defined using a modification of the CDC definition for birth defects surveillance systems. Observed rates were compared to the rate (3.2%) of birth defects expected in the general population. Between June 1, 1984 and June 30, 1998, 1695 pregnancies exposed to oral or IV acyclovir were registered; 461 (27%) were lost to follow-up. A total of 1234 pregnancies in 24 countries were followed, with a total of 1246 outcomes. Among 1246 pregnancy outcomes, 756 involved acyclovir exposure in the first trimester, 197 in the second trimester, and 291 in the third trimester. Among live births with first trimester acyclovir exposure, risk of birth defects was 19 of 596 (3.2%; 95% CI, 2.0-5.0%). No unusual defects or pattern of defects were apparent. The observed rates and types of birth defects for pregnancies exposed to acyclovir did not differ significantly from those in the general population. Published 2004 Wiley-Liss, Inc. JF - Birth Defects Research Part A: Clinical and Molecular Teratology AU - Stone, Katherine M AU - Reiff-Eldridge, Robbin AU - White, Alice D AU - Cordero, Jose F AU - Brown, Zane AU - Alexander, ERussell AU - Andrews, Elizabeth B AD - Division of STD Prevention, National Center for HIV, STD, and TB Prevention, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia, kstone@cdc.gov Y1 - 2004 PY - 2004 DA - 2004 SP - 201 EP - 207 PB - John Wiley & Sons, Ltd., Baffins Lane Chichester W. Sussex PO19 1UD UK, [mailto:customer@wiley.co.uk], [URL:http://www.wiley.com/] VL - 70 IS - 4 SN - 1542-0752, 1542-0752 KW - man KW - Toxicology Abstracts KW - Prenatal experience KW - Antiviral agents KW - Congenital defects KW - Teratogenicity KW - acyclovir KW - Side effects KW - Pregnancy KW - X 24113:Side effects UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/17986231?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxicologyabstracts&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Birth+Defects+Research+Part+A%3A+Clinical+and+Molecular+Teratology&rft.atitle=Pregnancy+outcomes+following+systemic+prenatal+acyclovir+exposure%3A+Conclusions+from+the+international+acyclovir+pregnancy+registry%2C+1984-1999&rft.au=Stone%2C+Katherine+M%3BReiff-Eldridge%2C+Robbin%3BWhite%2C+Alice+D%3BCordero%2C+Jose+F%3BBrown%2C+Zane%3BAlexander%2C+ERussell%3BAndrews%2C+Elizabeth+B&rft.aulast=Stone&rft.aufirst=Katherine&rft.date=2004-01-01&rft.volume=70&rft.issue=4&rft.spage=201&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Birth+Defects+Research+Part+A%3A+Clinical+and+Molecular+Teratology&rft.issn=15420752&rft_id=info:doi/10.1002%2Fbdra.20013 LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Pregnancy; Side effects; Teratogenicity; acyclovir; Antiviral agents; Congenital defects; Prenatal experience DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/bdra.20013 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Surveillance of hazardous materials events in 17 states, 1993-2001: A report from the Hazardous Substances Emergency Events Surveillance (HSEES) System AN - 17983598; 5911738 AB - Thousands of acute hazardous materials (HazMat) releases occur annually throughout the United States. To prevent human exposure and resulting injuries, it is critical to understand the frequency with which these releases occur, the locations involved, the industries associated, and the specific substances being released. HazMat events data from the Agency for Toxic Substances and Disease Registry's Hazardous Substances Emergency Events Surveillance (HSEES) system were analyzed for frequency and locations of occurrence, major industry categories and sub-categories involved, and substances released. The data analyzed were collected from 17 participating state health departments for 1993 through 2001. During 1993 through 2001, 53,142 HazMat events occurred. Of the 17 states analyzed, Texas had the most releases, comprising 38.3% of all HSEES events. Of the 14 major US Census industry categories analyzed, the manufacturing category had the highest percentage of events (48.7%) followed by transportation, communication, and other public utilities (27.5%). Of the 10 states that participated during the entire analysis period, the numbers of events increased 64.3%. Twelve of 14 major industrial categories experienced increases in numbers of events over the analysis period, while public administration and active duty military events decreased. The substances released most frequently overall included ammonia, sulfur dioxide, and sulfuric acid, respectively. The HSEES data appear to reflect an upward trend in the occurrence of hazardous HazMat events. While it is difficult to definitively conclude whether this trend is due to more events actually occurring or from other factors, reviewing historical HazMat data may help communities, government agencies, and industries prevent or better prepare for potential events in the future. JF - American Journal of Industrial Medicine AU - Horton, DKevin AU - Berkowitz, Zahava AU - Kaye, Wendy E AD - Agency for Toxic Substances and Disease Registry, Division of Health Studies, Epidemiology and Surveillance Branch, dhorton@cdc.gov Y1 - 2004 PY - 2004 DA - 2004 SP - 539 EP - 548 PB - John Wiley & Sons, Inc., 111 River Street Hoboken NJ 07030 USA, [mailto:custserv@wiley.com], [URL:http://www.wiley.com/] VL - 45 IS - 6 SN - 0271-3586, 0271-3586 KW - Health & Safety Science Abstracts KW - Ammonia KW - Public health KW - USA KW - Sulfur dioxide KW - Hazardous materials KW - Emergency preparedness KW - Sulfuric acid KW - H 6000:Natural Disasters/Civil Defense/Emergency Management UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/17983598?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Ahealthsafetyabstracts&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=American+Journal+of+Industrial+Medicine&rft.atitle=Surveillance+of+hazardous+materials+events+in+17+states%2C+1993-2001%3A+A+report+from+the+Hazardous+Substances+Emergency+Events+Surveillance+%28HSEES%29+System&rft.au=Horton%2C+DKevin%3BBerkowitz%2C+Zahava%3BKaye%2C+Wendy+E&rft.aulast=Horton&rft.aufirst=DKevin&rft.date=2004-01-01&rft.volume=45&rft.issue=6&rft.spage=539&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=American+Journal+of+Industrial+Medicine&rft.issn=02713586&rft_id=info:doi/10.1002%2Fajim.20014 LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - USA; Hazardous materials; Emergency preparedness; Public health; Ammonia; Sulfur dioxide; Sulfuric acid DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ajim.20014 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Trends in occupational lead exposure since the 1978 OSHA lead standard AN - 17976775; 5911740 AB - The purpose of the study was to evaluate trends in occupational lead exposures throughout U.S. industry after the establishment of the general industry lead standard in 1978 and the construction industry standard in 1993. Lead exposure measurements collected by the Occupational Safety and Health Administration (OSHA) under their compliance and consultation programs were analyzed. Time trends in the distributions of exposure levels were evaluated graphically. Trends in the proportion of exposures above the OSHA permissible exposure limit (PEL) were analyzed using logistic regression models. The distribution of lead exposure levels declined over the study time period for general industry, but not for construction. The median exposure levels for general industry facilities decreased five- to tenfold. Logistic regression models reveal statistically significant declines in the odds of a lead exposure exceeding the PEL. This study provides evidence for relatively large decreases in lead exposure levels in general industry facilities over time. The study does not provide similar evidence for the construction industry. Given the limited number of years of data available since the implementation of the revised construction standard for lead, re-analysis of lead exposure levels within this industry would be worthwhile when more data become available. JF - American Journal of Industrial Medicine AU - Okun, Andrea AU - Cooper, Gregory AU - Bailer, AJohn AU - Bena, James AU - Stayner, Leslie AD - Education and Information Division, National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, Cincinnati, Ohio, AHO1@cdc.gov. Y1 - 2004 PY - 2004 DA - 2004 SP - 558 EP - 572 PB - John Wiley & Sons, Inc., 111 River Street Hoboken NJ 07030 USA, [mailto:custserv@wiley.com], [URL:http://www.wiley.com/] VL - 45 IS - 6 SN - 0271-3586, 0271-3586 KW - Health & Safety Science Abstracts KW - Federal regulations KW - Safety regulations KW - Heavy metals KW - Lead KW - USA KW - Standards KW - Occupational exposure KW - Construction industry KW - H 1000:Occupational Safety and Health UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/17976775?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Ahealthsafetyabstracts&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=American+Journal+of+Industrial+Medicine&rft.atitle=Trends+in+occupational+lead+exposure+since+the+1978+OSHA+lead+standard&rft.au=Okun%2C+Andrea%3BCooper%2C+Gregory%3BBailer%2C+AJohn%3BBena%2C+James%3BStayner%2C+Leslie&rft.aulast=Okun&rft.aufirst=Andrea&rft.date=2004-01-01&rft.volume=45&rft.issue=6&rft.spage=558&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=American+Journal+of+Industrial+Medicine&rft.issn=02713586&rft_id=info:doi/10.1002%2Fajim.20008 LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - USA; Construction industry; Standards; Federal regulations; Safety regulations; Occupational exposure; Heavy metals; Lead DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ajim.20008 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Imported spotted fever rickettsioses in United States travelers returning from Africa: A summary of cases confirmed by laboratory testing at the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, 1999-2002 AN - 17949735; 5892815 AB - The increasing popularity of foreign travel and ecotourism places travelers at increased risk for certain tick-borne diseases. From 1999 through 2002, 31 cases of imported spotted fever-group rickettsioses (SFGR) in United States residents reporting travel to Africa were confirmed by laboratory testing at the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. Nineteen patients (61%) reported visiting South Africa prior to illness onset. Most patients reported fever and one or more eschars; rash was reported for only 26% of the patients. Twelve patients had an initial non-reactive acute-phase serum sample obtained a median of three days after illness onset, and were confirmed by testing a second convalescent-phase serum sample obtained a median of 32 days after illness onset. Five patients were confirmed positive through immunohistochemical staining of skin biopsies, including three patients with acute-phase serum samples that tested negative for SFGR. This study emphasizes the importance of evaluating convalescent-phase serum specimens 28 days or more after illness onset or examining skin biopsies by immunohistochemical staining during early infection to confirm a diagnosis of imported SFGR. JF - American Journal of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene AU - McQuiston, J H AU - Paddock, C D AU - Singleton, J Jr AU - Wheeling, J T AU - Zaki AU - Childs, JE AD - Viral and Rickettsial Zoonoses Branch, Division of Viral and Rickettsial Diseases, National Center for Infectious Disease, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, 1600 Clifton Road, Mailstop G-13, Atlanta, GA, 30333, USA, fzh7@cdc.gov Y1 - 2004/01// PY - 2004 DA - Jan 2004 SP - 98 EP - 101 VL - 70 IS - 1 SN - 0002-9637, 0002-9637 KW - spotted fever KW - Microbiology Abstracts B: Bacteriology KW - USA KW - Diagnosis KW - Vector-borne diseases KW - Africa KW - Rickettsiosis KW - J 02855:Human Bacteriology: Others UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/17949735?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologyb&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=American+Journal+of+Tropical+Medicine+and+Hygiene&rft.atitle=Imported+spotted+fever+rickettsioses+in+United+States+travelers+returning+from+Africa%3A+A+summary+of+cases+confirmed+by+laboratory+testing+at+the+Centers+for+Disease+Control+and+Prevention%2C+1999-2002&rft.au=McQuiston%2C+J+H%3BPaddock%2C+C+D%3BSingleton%2C+J+Jr%3BWheeling%2C+J+T%3BZaki%3BChilds%2C+JE&rft.aulast=McQuiston&rft.aufirst=J&rft.date=2004-01-01&rft.volume=70&rft.issue=1&rft.spage=98&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=American+Journal+of+Tropical+Medicine+and+Hygiene&rft.issn=00029637&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Last updated - 2015-03-24 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Diagnosis; Vector-borne diseases; Rickettsiosis; USA; Africa ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Attitudes Toward Doping and Recreational Drug Use Among French Elite Student-Athletes AN - 17949228; 5885226 AB - This study examined attitudes toward doping among 458 French elite student-athletes (ESAs) ages 16-24, their correlates, and their relationship with cigarette, alcohol, and cannabis use. We found a consensus among ESAs concerning negative aspects of doping. A cluster analysis showed, however, that statements dealing with benefits of doping were endorsed by two significant minorities of respondents. These ESAs were more frequently older males with a lower parental academic achievement and no sporting history in their family. Recreational drug use depended on whether or not ESAs endorsed statements related to nonsporting benefits of doping. Using an analytical framework from the sociology of deviance, our findings suggest that athletes who dope themselves pursue legitimate goals with illegitimate means but justify their behavior with a legitimate rationale. Further research is needed on the nonrecreational use of recreational drugs. JF - Sociology of Sport Journal AU - Peretti-Watel, P AU - Guagliardo, V AU - Verger, P AU - Mignon, P AU - Pruvost, J AU - Obadia, Y AD - Regional Center for Disease Control of South-Eastern France (ORS PACA), 23 rue Stanislas Torrents, 13006 Marseille, FR Y1 - 2004 PY - 2004 DA - 2004 SP - 1 EP - 17 VL - 21 IS - 1 SN - 0741-1235, 0741-1235 KW - Physical Education Index KW - France KW - Attitudes KW - Behavior KW - Boys KW - Analysis KW - Blood doping KW - Athletes (elite) KW - Trends KW - Students KW - Drugs KW - PE 120:Sport: Psychology, Sociology & History UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/17949228?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aphysicaleducation&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Sociology+of+Sport+Journal&rft.atitle=Attitudes+Toward+Doping+and+Recreational+Drug+Use+Among+French+Elite+Student-Athletes&rft.au=Peretti-Watel%2C+P%3BGuagliardo%2C+V%3BVerger%2C+P%3BMignon%2C+P%3BPruvost%2C+J%3BObadia%2C+Y&rft.aulast=Peretti-Watel&rft.aufirst=P&rft.date=2004-01-01&rft.volume=21&rft.issue=1&rft.spage=1&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Sociology+of+Sport+Journal&rft.issn=07411235&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - Physical Education Index N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Attitudes; Blood doping; Drugs; Students; Athletes (elite); Analysis; Boys; Trends; Behavior; France ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Cytogenetic dose-response and adaptive response in cells of ungulate species exposed to ionizing radiation AN - 17922243; 5872891 AB - In the studies reported here, the micronucleus assay, a common cytogenetic technique, was used to examine the dose-responses in fibroblasts from three ungulate species (white-tailed deer, woodland caribou, and Indian muntjac) exposed to high doses of ionizing radiation (1-4 Gy of super(60)Co gamma radiation). This assay was also used to examine the effects of exposure to low doses (1-100 mGy) typical of what these species experience in a year from natural and anthropogenic environmental sources. An adaptive response, defined as the induction of resistance to a stressor by a prior exposure to a small 'adapting' stress, was observed after exposure to low doses. This work indicates that very small doses are protective for the endpoint examined. The same level of protection was seen at all adapting doses, including 1 radiation track per cell, the lowest possible cellular dose. These results are consistent with other studies in a wide variety of organisms that demonstrate a protective effect of low doses at both cellular and whole-organism levels. This implies that environmental regulations predicated on the idea that even the smallest dose of radiation carries a quantifiable risk of direct adverse consequences to the exposed organism require further examination. Cytogenetic assays provide affordable and feasible biological effects-based alternatives that are more biologically relevant than traditional contaminant concentration-based radioecological risk assessment. JF - Journal of Environmental Radioactivity AU - Ulsh, BA AU - Miller, S M AU - Mallory, F F AU - Mitchel, REJ AU - Morrison, D P AU - Boreham AD - McMaster University Institute of Applied Radiation Sciences, 1280 Main Street West, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada L8S4K1, bau6@cdc.gov Y1 - 2004 PY - 2004 DA - 2004 SP - 73 EP - 81 PB - Elsevier Science Ltd., The Boulevard Langford Lane Kidlington Oxford OX5 1GB UK, [mailto:nlinfo-f@elsevier.nl], [URL:http://www.elsevier.nl] VL - 74 IS - 1-3 SN - 0265-931X, 0265-931X KW - adaptive response KW - dose-response effects KW - Toxicology Abstracts KW - Ungulates KW - Radiation KW - Ionizing radiation KW - Micronuclei KW - Cytogenetics KW - Fibroblasts KW - X 24210:Radiation & radioactive materials UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/17922243?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxicologyabstracts&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Environmental+Radioactivity&rft.atitle=Cytogenetic+dose-response+and+adaptive+response+in+cells+of+ungulate+species+exposed+to+ionizing+radiation&rft.au=Ulsh%2C+BA%3BMiller%2C+S+M%3BMallory%2C+F+F%3BMitchel%2C+REJ%3BMorrison%2C+D+P%3BBoreham&rft.aulast=Ulsh&rft.aufirst=BA&rft.date=2004-01-01&rft.volume=74&rft.issue=1-3&rft.spage=73&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+Environmental+Radioactivity&rft.issn=0265931X&rft_id=info:doi/10.1016%2Fj.jenvrad.2004.01.005 LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2010-05-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-14 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Ungulates; Radiation; Ionizing radiation; Micronuclei; Fibroblasts; Cytogenetics DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jenvrad.2004.01.005 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Surveillance of occupational noise exposures using OSHA's Integrated Management Information System AN - 17875233; 6384569 AB - Exposure to noise has long been known to cause hearing loss, and is an ubiquitous problem in workplaces. Occupational noise exposures for industries stored in the Occupational Safety and Health Administration's (OSHA) Integrated Management Information System (IMIS) can be used to identify temporal and industrial trends of noise exposure to anticipate changes in rates of hearing loss. The noise records in OSHA's IMIS database for 1979-1999 were extracted by major industry division and measurement criteria. The noise exposures were summarized by year, industry, and employment size. The majority of records are from Manufacturing and Services. Exposures in Manufacturing and Services have decreased during the period, except that PEL exposures measured by federal enforcement increased from 1995 to 1999. Noise exposures in manufacturing have been reduced since the late 1970s, except those documented by federal enforcement. Noise exposure data outside manufacturing is not well represented in IMIS. Am. J. Ind. Med. 46:492-504, 2004. Published 2004 Wiley-Liss, Inc. JF - American Journal of Industrial Medicine AU - Middendorf, Paul J AD - Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, Division of Surveillance, Hazard Evaluations, and Field Studies, Cincinnati, Ohio, pkm2@cdc.gov Y1 - 2004 PY - 2004 DA - 2004 SP - 492 EP - 504 PB - John Wiley & Sons, Inc., 111 River Street Hoboken NJ 07030 USA, [mailto:custserv@wiley.com], [URL:http://www.wiley.com/] VL - 46 IS - 5 SN - 0271-3586, 0271-3586 KW - Health & Safety Science Abstracts; Risk Abstracts; Pollution Abstracts KW - Noise reduction KW - Occupational exposure KW - Federal regulations KW - Noise levels KW - Hearing loss KW - USA KW - safety regulations KW - Information systems KW - R2 23080:Industrial and labor KW - P 7000:NOISE KW - H 1000:Occupational Safety and Health UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/17875233?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Ariskabstracts&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=American+Journal+of+Industrial+Medicine&rft.atitle=Surveillance+of+occupational+noise+exposures+using+OSHA%27s+Integrated+Management+Information+System&rft.au=Middendorf%2C+Paul+J&rft.aulast=Middendorf&rft.aufirst=Paul&rft.date=2004-01-01&rft.volume=46&rft.issue=5&rft.spage=492&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=American+Journal+of+Industrial+Medicine&rft.issn=02713586&rft_id=info:doi/10.1002%2Fajim.20092 LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - USA; safety regulations; Federal regulations; Hearing loss; Information systems; Occupational exposure; Noise levels; Noise reduction DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ajim.20092 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Comparison of mechanical properties of rat tibialis anterior tendon evaluated using two different approaches AN - 17819986; 5888571 AB - Tendon injuries may result in variations of its mechanical properties. The published data of the tendon stiffness of small animals, such as mouse and rat, are exclusively obtained by measuring grip-to-grip (g-t-g) displacement. Local strain concentration and relative sliding of the specimens in the clamps might significantly affect the measured tendon deformation. In the present study, the mechanical properties of the rat tibialis anterior tendon measured using the proposed tendon mark method were compared to those evaluated using the g-t-g displacement method. Five male Sprague Dawley rats ( similar to 418 g) were used in this study. For the proposed method, reference marks were made on the tendons using permanent ink. A microscope video system was customized to observe and record the tendon deformation. Pattern recognition software was developed to obtain the displacement time-histories of the reference marks. The distance between the grips was approximately 7 mm; and the distance between the reference marks used for the data processing was approximately 5 mm. The cross-section areas of the specimens were measured using a custom-made slot gauge and by applying a constant compressive stress (0.15 MPa). The tendons were clamped between two custom-made metal grips and stretched on a testing machine at a constant speed (1 mm/s) up to failure. Throughout the tests, the tendon specimens were submerged in a PBS bath at 22 degree C. The deformation of the specimens was evaluated using the g-t-g displacement method and the proposed method. The stress/strain curves obtained by using the g-t-g displacement can be characterized by an initial toe zone, a quasi-linear zone, and a final failure stage. The stress/strain curves determined using the proposed method are quite different from those obtained using the g-t-g displacement: it has a smaller toe zone and a stress-hardening transition, over which the tendon stiffness increases dramatically with the increasing strain. The tendon stiffness measured by using the g-t-g displacement method may underestimate the actual mechanical properties of tendon by approximately 43%. JF - Bio-Medical Materials and Engineering AU - Wu, J Z AU - Brumfield, A AU - Miller, G R AU - Metheny, R AU - Cutlip, R G AD - NIOSH, 1095 Willowdale Road, Morgantown, WV 26505, USA, jwu@cdc.gov Y1 - 2004 PY - 2004 DA - 2004 SP - 13 EP - 22 VL - 14 IS - 1 SN - 0959-2989, 0959-2989 KW - Biotechnology and Bioengineering Abstracts; Bioengineering Abstracts KW - Computer programs KW - Pattern recognition KW - Metals KW - software KW - Data processing KW - Injuries KW - Microscopes KW - Stress KW - Tendons KW - Mechanical properties KW - W 30965:Miscellaneous, Reviews KW - W4 110:Biomedical Materials & Tissue Engineering UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/17819986?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Abiotechresearch&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Bio-Medical+Materials+and+Engineering&rft.atitle=Comparison+of+mechanical+properties+of+rat+tibialis+anterior+tendon+evaluated+using+two+different+approaches&rft.au=Wu%2C+J+Z%3BBrumfield%2C+A%3BMiller%2C+G+R%3BMetheny%2C+R%3BCutlip%2C+R+G&rft.aulast=Wu&rft.aufirst=J&rft.date=2004-01-01&rft.volume=14&rft.issue=1&rft.spage=13&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Bio-Medical+Materials+and+Engineering&rft.issn=09592989&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Tendons; Mechanical properties; Stress; Metals; Data processing; Pattern recognition; Computer programs; Microscopes; software; Injuries ER - TY - CONF T1 - Evidence of an Association Between Use of Anti-microbial Agents in Food Animals and Anti-microbial Resistance Among Bacteria Isolated from Humans and the Human Health Consequences of Such Resistance AN - 17798541; 6129583 AB - Several lines of evidence indicate that the use of anti-microbial agents in food animals is associated with anti-microbial resistance among bacteria isolated from humans. The use of anti-microbial agents in food animals is most clearly associated with anti-microbial resistance among Salmonella and Campylobacter isolated from humans, but also appears likely among enterococci, Escherichia coli and other bacteria. Evidence is also accumulating that the anti-microbial resistance among bacteria isolated from humans could be the result of using anti-microbial agents in food animals and is leading to human health consequences. These human health consequences include: (i) infections that would not have otherwise occurred and (ii) increased frequency of treatment failures and increased severity of infection. Increased severity of infection includes longer duration of illness, increased frequency of bloodstream infections, increased hospitalization and increased mortality. Continued work and research efforts will provide more evidence to explain the connection between the use of anti-microbial agents in food animals and anti-microbial-resistant infections in humans. One particular focus, which would solidify this connection, is to understand the factors that dictate spread of resistance determinants, especially resistant genes. With continued efforts on the part of the medical, veterinary and public health community, such research may contribute to more precise guidelines on the use of anti-microbials in food animals. JF - Journal of Veterinary Medicine B/Zentralblatt fuer Veterinaermedizin Reihe B AU - Angulo, F J AU - Nargund, V N AU - Chiller, T C Y1 - 2004 PY - 2004 DA - 2004 SP - 374 EP - 379 PB - Blackwell Verlag, Kurfuerstendamm 57 Berlin 10707 Germany, [mailto:verlag@blackwell.de] VL - 51 IS - 8-9 KW - Microbiology Abstracts B: Bacteriology KW - Mortality KW - Escherichia coli KW - Campylobacter KW - Salmonella KW - Antibiotic resistance KW - Food-borne diseases KW - Public health KW - J 02855:Human Bacteriology: Others KW - J 02861:Microflora KW - J 02814:Drug resistance UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/17798541?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologyb&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Veterinary+Medicine+B%2FZentralblatt+fuer+Veterinaermedizin+Reihe+B&rft.atitle=Evidence+of+an+Association+Between+Use+of+Anti-microbial+Agents+in+Food+Animals+and+Anti-microbial+Resistance+Among+Bacteria+Isolated+from+Humans+and+the+Human+Health+Consequences+of+Such+Resistance&rft.au=Angulo%2C+F+J%3BNargund%2C+V+N%3BChiller%2C+T+C&rft.aulast=Angulo&rft.aufirst=F&rft.date=2004-01-01&rft.volume=51&rft.issue=8-9&rft.spage=374&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+Veterinary+Medicine+B%2FZentralblatt+fuer+Veterinaermedizin+Reihe+B&rft.issn=09311793&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Xenotransplantation and risks of zoonotic infections AN - 17770372; 6153627 AB - The shortage of human organs and tissues for transplantation and the advances in immunology of rejection and in genetic engineering have renewed interest in xenotransplantation - the transplantation of animal organs, tissues or cells to humans. Clinical trials have involved the use of nonhuman primate, porcine, and bovine cells/tissues/organs. In recent years, research has focused mainly on pigs as donors (especially, pigs genetically engineered to carry some human genes). One of the major concerns in xenotransplantation is the risk of transmission of animal pathogens, particularly viruses, to recipients and the possible adaptation of such pathogens for human-to-human transmission. Porcine endogenous retroviruses (PERVs) have been of special concern because of their ability to infect human cells and because, at present, they cannot be removed from the source animal's genome. To date, retrospective studies of humans exposed to live porcine cells/tissues have not found evidence of infection with PERV but more extensive research is needed. This article reviews infectious disease risks associated with xenotransplantation, some measures for minimizing that risk, and microbiological diagnostic methods that may be used in the follow-up of xenotrasplant recipients. JF - Annals of Medicine AU - Boneva, R S AU - Folks, T M AD - HIV and Retrovirology Branch, Division of HIV, STD and TB Laboratory Research, National Center for HIV, STD and TB Prevention, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Mail stop G-19, 1600 Clifton Road, N.E., Atlanta, GA 30333, USA, rboneva@cdc.gov Y1 - 2004 PY - 2004 DA - 2004 SP - 504 EP - 517 VL - 36 IS - 7 SN - 0785-3890, 0785-3890 KW - Risk Abstracts KW - Tissues KW - Immunology KW - Viruses KW - transplantation KW - Pathogens KW - clinical trials KW - Organs KW - infectious diseases KW - Retrovirus KW - Reviews KW - R2 23060:Medical and environmental health UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/17770372?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Ariskabstracts&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Annals+of+Medicine&rft.atitle=Xenotransplantation+and+risks+of+zoonotic+infections&rft.au=Boneva%2C+R+S%3BFolks%2C+T+M&rft.aulast=Boneva&rft.aufirst=R&rft.date=2004-01-01&rft.volume=36&rft.issue=7&rft.spage=504&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Annals+of+Medicine&rft.issn=07853890&rft_id=info:doi/10.1080%2F07853890410018826 LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Retrovirus; Tissues; Organs; Pathogens; transplantation; clinical trials; infectious diseases; Viruses; Reviews; Immunology DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/07853890410018826 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Local and Systemic Toxicity in Mice Following Subcutaneous Implantation of Latex Penrose Drains AN - 17764101; 6134224 AB - Penrose drains are widely used in surgical procedures as an aid in wound healing. The studies presented here investigated the potential toxicity associated with the implantation of latex Penrose drains in BALB/c and B6C3F1 mice. Animals were implanted subcutaneously in the dorsal surface of the neck with 100, 150, or 200 mg of Perry latex drain or 200 mg of Bard (comparative control) latex drain for up to 36 hours. High-dose (200 mg) exposure to the Perry drain induced severe local and systemic toxicity, resulting in mortality within 24 hours. Time- and dose-responsive effects included decreased response to stimulus, inflammation at the implantation site, epaxial myositis, lesions consistent with hepatic glycogen depletion, apoptotic necrosis of the adrenal "X zone," and massive thymic apoptosis and atrophy. Negligible levels of endotoxin were quantified from Perry drain samples using the Limulus Amebocyte Lysate Assay. Extraction studies revealed the presence of zinc diethyldithiocarbamate (ZDEC) in the Perry drains but not in the control drains. No other differences were noted from gas chromatography mass spectrometry (GCMS) analyses. Quantitation studies measured ZDEC levels at 2.22 plus or minus 0.04 mu g/mg in Perry samples. When ZDEC was eluted from Perry drains prior to implantation, animals exhibited no signs of toxicity. Although FDA regulations limit accelerators to 1.5% of rubber medical products, these studies indicate that the presence of ZDEC in concentrations lower than 0.25% of the drain weight may induce local toxicity and delayed wound healing. JF - Journal of Toxicology: Cutaneous and Ocular Toxicology AU - Nicolaysen, PH AU - Klink, K J AU - Shriver, E AU - Knutsen, G AU - Hubbs, A F AU - Depree, G J AU - Siegel, P D AU - Weissman, D N AU - Whitmer, M AU - Meade, B J AD - M/S L4020, National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, 1095 Willowdale Road, Morgantown, WV 26505, USA, bhm8@cdc.gov Y1 - 2004 PY - 2004 DA - 2004 SP - 233 EP - 248 VL - 23 IS - 4 SN - 0731-3829, 0731-3829 KW - zinc diethyldithiocarbamate KW - Toxicology Abstracts KW - Endotoxins KW - Myositis KW - Apoptosis KW - Thymus KW - Liver KW - Rubber KW - Wound healing KW - Atrophy KW - Latex KW - Glycogen KW - Inflammation KW - X 24172:Plants UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/17764101?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxicologyabstracts&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Toxicology%3A+Cutaneous+and+Ocular+Toxicology&rft.atitle=Local+and+Systemic+Toxicity+in+Mice+Following+Subcutaneous+Implantation+of+Latex+Penrose+Drains&rft.au=Nicolaysen%2C+PH%3BKlink%2C+K+J%3BShriver%2C+E%3BKnutsen%2C+G%3BHubbs%2C+A+F%3BDepree%2C+G+J%3BSiegel%2C+P+D%3BWeissman%2C+D+N%3BWhitmer%2C+M%3BMeade%2C+B+J&rft.aulast=Nicolaysen&rft.aufirst=PH&rft.date=2004-01-01&rft.volume=23&rft.issue=4&rft.spage=233&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+Toxicology%3A+Cutaneous+and+Ocular+Toxicology&rft.issn=07313829&rft_id=info:doi/10.1081%2FCUS-200036691 LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Latex; Wound healing; Thymus; Atrophy; Apoptosis; Myositis; Glycogen; Endotoxins; Liver; Rubber; Inflammation DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1081/CUS-200036691 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Augmented Latex-Specific IGE Antibody Response in BALB/c Mice Upon Concurrent Exposure to Natural Rubber Latex Proteins with Glutaraldehyde AN - 17762975; 6134229 AB - Health care workers are exposed to numerous agents that are known to induce hypersensitivity-mediated diseases. Yet, little is known regarding the role of coexposure to these agents on the development of hypersensitivity responses. The present studies were conducted to evaluate the immunomodulatory role of dermal exposure to glutaraldehyde (Glut) on the induction of IgE antibodies to natural rubber latex (NRL) proteins. Female BALB/c mice were dermally exposed to Glut (0.05-1 ppm; 0.1-1%) and nonammoniated latex (NAL; 25 mu g) 5 days/week for up to 86 days. The NAL alone at concentrations up to 1% did not induce significantly elevated levels of total serum or latex-specific IgE. In contrast, both total and NAL-specific serum IgE were dose-dependently (p < 0.01 and p < 0.05, respectively) elevated in mice concurrently exposed to 25 mu g NAL and increasing concentrations of Glut up to 0.75 ppm. Further testing was performed to investigate the mechanism by which Glut augmented the latex-specific response. Barrier integrity tests demonstrated that Glut did not induce sufficient disruption of the strateum corneum (less than 1% super(3)H sub(2)0 penetration was observed in a guinea pig model) to allow for increased penetration of the latex proteins. However, coexposure to 25 mu g NAL and 0.75 ppm Glut for 2 days as compared to the vehicle control was shown to induce a 15-fold increase in MHC II positive Langerhans' cells in the epidermis. Additional experiments confirmed the upregulation of a Th2 response. Upon sacrifice following 86 days of exposure, animals exposed to 25 mu g NAL and 0.75 ppm Glut demonstrated a significant increase (p < 0.01) in CD40 + (3.95 plus or minus 0.38 x 10 super(6)), B220+ (7.67 plus or minus 1.18 x 10 super(6)), and IgE+B220+ (3.28 plus or minus 0.75 x 10 super(6)) cells as compared to the vehicle control groups (2.29 plus or minus 0.18 x 10 super(6), 3.31 plus or minus 0.18 x 10 super(6), and 0.82 plus or minus 0.15 x 10 super(6) cells), respectively. These studies demonstrate the potential for mixed exposures in the health care environment to modulate the development of IgE-mediated responses to natural rubber latex proteins, underscoring the importance of environmental factors in the development of allergies to foreign antigens. JF - Journal of Toxicology: Cutaneous and Ocular Toxicology AU - Fairley, K J AU - Howell, MD AU - Tomazic-Jezic, V J AU - Leakakos, T AU - Truscott, W AU - Meade, B J AD - 1095 Willowdale Road, MS 4020, Morgantown, WV 26505, USA, bhm8@cdc.gov Y1 - 2004 PY - 2004 DA - 2004 SP - 303 EP - 320 VL - 23 IS - 4 SN - 0731-3829, 0731-3829 KW - Toxicology Abstracts KW - Skin KW - Helper cells KW - Animal models KW - Major histocompatibility complex KW - Rubber KW - Latex KW - Antibody response KW - Langerhans cells KW - Epidermis KW - Hypersensitivity KW - Immunoglobulin E KW - Lymphocytes T KW - Glutaraldehyde KW - CD40 antigen KW - Occupational exposure KW - X 24172:Plants UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/17762975?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxicologyabstracts&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Toxicology%3A+Cutaneous+and+Ocular+Toxicology&rft.atitle=Augmented+Latex-Specific+IGE+Antibody+Response+in+BALB%2Fc+Mice+Upon+Concurrent+Exposure+to+Natural+Rubber+Latex+Proteins+with+Glutaraldehyde&rft.au=Fairley%2C+K+J%3BHowell%2C+MD%3BTomazic-Jezic%2C+V+J%3BLeakakos%2C+T%3BTruscott%2C+W%3BMeade%2C+B+J&rft.aulast=Fairley&rft.aufirst=K&rft.date=2004-01-01&rft.volume=23&rft.issue=4&rft.spage=303&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+Toxicology%3A+Cutaneous+and+Ocular+Toxicology&rft.issn=07313829&rft_id=info:doi/10.1081%2FCUS-200037220 LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Latex; Immunoglobulin E; Rubber; Glutaraldehyde; Occupational exposure; CD40 antigen; Langerhans cells; Skin; Animal models; Helper cells; Hypersensitivity; Major histocompatibility complex; Antibody response; Lymphocytes T; Epidermis DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1081/CUS-200037220 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Relationship of work schedules to gastrointestinal diagnoses, symptoms, and medication use in auto factory workers AN - 17744315; 6084693 AB - Gastrointestinal (GI) complaints are common in shift workers. This study examines the relationship between work schedules and GI symptoms, medications, and diagnoses. In a cross-sectional survey of 343 US auto factory workers, four work schedule variables were examined: assigned shift, number of hours worked, number of night hours, and schedule variability. Multiple regression tested the relationship between GI outcomes and work schedule variables while controlling for covariates. The evening shift was associated with more GI symptoms and GI diagnoses. Unexpectedly, more consistent work times were associated with having a GI diagnosis. As schedule variability increased the probability of GI medication use increased in low noise exposure. Findings suggest that evening shift and widely varying work start and end times may increase risks for GI disturbances. Am. J. Ind. Med. 46:586-598, 2004. JF - American Journal of Industrial Medicine AU - Caruso, Claire C AU - Lusk, Sally L AU - Gillespie, Brenda W AD - Division of Applied Research and Technology, National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, Cincinnati, Ohio. Work was performed while at the University of Michigan, School of Nursing., ccaruso@cdc.gov Y1 - 2004 PY - 2004 DA - 2004 SP - 586 EP - 598 PB - John Wiley & Sons, Inc., 111 River Street Hoboken NJ 07030 USA, [mailto:custserv@wiley.com], [URL:http://www.wiley.com/] VL - 46 IS - 6 SN - 0271-3586, 0271-3586 KW - Health & Safety Science Abstracts KW - Automotive industry KW - Working conditions KW - Factories KW - Shift work KW - USA KW - Gastrointestinal tract KW - Occupational health KW - H 1000:Occupational Safety and Health UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/17744315?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Ahealthsafetyabstracts&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=American+Journal+of+Industrial+Medicine&rft.atitle=Relationship+of+work+schedules+to+gastrointestinal+diagnoses%2C+symptoms%2C+and+medication+use+in+auto+factory+workers&rft.au=Caruso%2C+Claire+C%3BLusk%2C+Sally+L%3BGillespie%2C+Brenda+W&rft.aulast=Caruso&rft.aufirst=Claire&rft.date=2004-01-01&rft.volume=46&rft.issue=6&rft.spage=586&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=American+Journal+of+Industrial+Medicine&rft.issn=02713586&rft_id=info:doi/10.1002%2Fajim.20099 LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - USA; Occupational health; Automotive industry; Working conditions; Shift work; Gastrointestinal tract; Factories DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ajim.20099 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Field evaluation of a portable blood lead analyzer in workers living at a high altitude: A follow-up investigation AN - 17739136; 6084755 AB - Field-portable instruments can offer expeditious analytical results to health professionals in field settings and in areas lacking laboratory infrastructure. This study further evaluated an electroanalytical field-portable instrument, which rapidly analyzes blood lead concentrations. A portable anodic stripping voltammetry (ASV) instrument was evaluated utilizing paired samples from 243 employees working at an elevation of approximately 3,800 meters in Peru. Each worker donated two venous blood samples, one of which was analyzed by the ASV device and the other by a reference analytical method, graphite furnace atomic absorption spectrometry (GFAAS). According to the GFAAS results, the mean blood lead concentration measured was 46(+/-16) mu g/dl; this was significantly greater than the mean ASV measurement of 32(+/-11) mu g/dl (paired t-test; P < 0.0001). The accuracy of the ASV estimation decreased as the measured blood lead concentration increased. The results from this investigation were significantly different from the previous study, which was conducted near sea level. The exact causes for the discrepancies between the portable ASV results from the two studies are unclear, but are thought to be related to differences in blood chemistry between the Midwestern United States and Peruvian Andes worker cohorts. Portable ASV blood lead measurements from populations living at high altitudes should be viewed with caution. Am. J. Ind. Med. 46:656-662, 2004. Published 2004 Wiley-Liss, Inc. JF - American Journal of Industrial Medicine AU - Taylor, Lauralynn AU - MSPH, CIH AU - Ashley, Kevin AU - Jones, Robert L AU - Deddens, James A AD - U.S. Department of Health and Human Services (DHHS), Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH), Cincinnati, Ohio, LTaylor@cdc.gov Y1 - 2004 PY - 2004 DA - 2004 SP - 656 EP - 662 PB - John Wiley & Sons, Inc., 111 River Street Hoboken NJ 07030 USA, [mailto:custserv@wiley.com], [URL:http://www.wiley.com/] VL - 46 IS - 6 SN - 0271-3586, 0271-3586 KW - Health & Safety Science Abstracts KW - Sea level KW - Working conditions KW - Spectrometry KW - Blood levels KW - Absorption KW - Peru KW - Voltammetry KW - Occupational exposure KW - H 1000:Occupational Safety and Health UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/17739136?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Ahealthsafetyabstracts&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=American+Journal+of+Industrial+Medicine&rft.atitle=Field+evaluation+of+a+portable+blood+lead+analyzer+in+workers+living+at+a+high+altitude%3A+A+follow-up+investigation&rft.au=Taylor%2C+Lauralynn%3BMSPH%2C+CIH%3BAshley%2C+Kevin%3BJones%2C+Robert+L%3BDeddens%2C+James+A&rft.aulast=Taylor&rft.aufirst=Lauralynn&rft.date=2004-01-01&rft.volume=46&rft.issue=6&rft.spage=656&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=American+Journal+of+Industrial+Medicine&rft.issn=02713586&rft_id=info:doi/10.1002%2Fajim.20096 LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Peru; Blood levels; Occupational exposure; Working conditions; Spectrometry; Voltammetry; Sea level; Absorption DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ajim.20096 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Airflow obstruction attributable to work in industry and occupation among U.S. race/ethnic groups: A study of NHANES III data AN - 17736133; 6025519 AB - To estimate the fraction of airflow obstruction attributable to workplace exposure by U.S. race/ethnic group. U.S. population-based third National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES III) data on 4,086 Caucasians, 2,774 African-Americans, and 2,568 Mexican-Americans, aged 30-75, were studied. Airflow obstruction was defined as FEV1/FVC<75% and FEV1<80% predicted. Weighted prevalence, and prevalence odds ratios (OR) adjusted for the effect of age, smoking status, pack-years, body mass index, education, and socio-economic status were estimated using SUDAAN software. Industries with the most cases of airflow obstruction attributable to workplace exposure include: armed forces; rubber, plastics, and leather manufacturing; utilities; textile mill manufacturing; health care; food products manufacturing; sales; construction; and agriculture. The fraction of cases with airflow obstruction associated with work in industry varied by race/ethnic group and was estimated as 22.2% (95% CI 9.1-33.4) among Caucasians, 23.4% (95% CI 2.2-40.0) among African-Americans, and 49.6% (32.1-62.6) among Mexican-Americans. This study found differences in the fraction of airflow obstruction cases associated with employment pattern among major U.S. race/ethnic population groups. Am. J. Ind. Med. 46:126-135, 2004. Published 2004 Wiley-Liss, Inc. JF - American Journal of Industrial Medicine AU - Hnizdo, Eva AU - Sullivan, Patricia A AU - Bang, Ki Moon AU - Wagner, Gregory AD - Division of Respiratory Disease Studies, National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Morgantown, West Virginia, exh6@cdc.gov Y1 - 2004 PY - 2004 DA - 2004 SP - 126 EP - 135 PB - John Wiley & Sons, Inc., 111 River Street Hoboken NJ 07030 USA, [mailto:custserv@wiley.com], [URL:http://www.wiley.com/] VL - 46 IS - 2 SN - 0271-3586, 0271-3586 KW - Health & Safety Science Abstracts KW - Agriculture KW - Age KW - Textile industry KW - Nutrition KW - Utilities KW - Smoking KW - Computer programs KW - Respiratory function KW - Occupational exposure KW - Ethnic groups KW - Construction KW - Education KW - Health care KW - H 1000:Occupational Safety and Health UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/17736133?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Ahealthsafetyabstracts&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=American+Journal+of+Industrial+Medicine&rft.atitle=Airflow+obstruction+attributable+to+work+in+industry+and+occupation+among+U.S.+race%2Fethnic+groups%3A+A+study+of+NHANES+III+data&rft.au=Hnizdo%2C+Eva%3BSullivan%2C+Patricia+A%3BBang%2C+Ki+Moon%3BWagner%2C+Gregory&rft.aulast=Hnizdo&rft.aufirst=Eva&rft.date=2004-01-01&rft.volume=46&rft.issue=2&rft.spage=126&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=American+Journal+of+Industrial+Medicine&rft.issn=02713586&rft_id=info:doi/10.1002%2Fajim.20042 LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Ethnic groups; Computer programs; Utilities; Health care; Education; Nutrition; Textile industry; Occupational exposure; Respiratory function; Construction; Age; Smoking; Agriculture DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ajim.20042 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - The association between HLA-DPB1 super(Glu69) and chronic beryllium disease and beryllium sensitization AN - 17736104; 6025515 AB - Several case-control studies have found an association between chronic beryllium disease (CBD) and HLA-DPB1 gene variants. However, the relationship between HLA-DPB1 and beryllium sensitization, and whether the presence of one or two HLA-DPB1 super(Glu69) alleles is differentially associated with CBD and beryllium sensitization have not been completely resolved. Restriction fragment length polymorphism (RFLP) analysis was used to address these questions in a large population-based cohort consisting of 884 beryllium workers (90 with CBD, 64 beryllium sensitized). HLA-DPB1 super(Glu69) was associated with both CBD (OR = 9.4; 95% CI = 5.4, 16.6) and sensitization (OR = 3.3, 95% CI = 1.9, 5.9). Further, workers with CBD and sensitization were more likely to be homozygous HLA-DPB1 super(Glu69) compared to workers without disease or sensitization (P < 0.001). Follow-up of this cohort, scrutiny of HLA-DPB1 haplotypes, and evaluation of gene-environment and gene-gene interactions will be important for fully understanding the immunogenetic nature of this occupational disease. Am. J. Ind. Med. 46:95-103, 2004. Published 2004 Wiley-Liss, Inc. JF - American Journal of Industrial Medicine AU - McCanlies, Erin C AU - Ensey, James S AU - Schuler, Christine R AU - Kreiss, Kathleen AU - Weston, Ainsley AD - Health Effects Laboratory Division, National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, Morgantown, WV, agw8@cdc.gov Y1 - 2004 PY - 2004 DA - 2004 SP - 95 EP - 103 PB - John Wiley & Sons, Inc., 111 River Street Hoboken NJ 07030 USA, [mailto:custserv@wiley.com], [URL:http://www.wiley.com/] VL - 46 IS - 2 SN - 0271-3586, 0271-3586 KW - beryllium disease KW - Health & Safety Science Abstracts KW - Genetics KW - occupational diseases KW - H 1000:Occupational Safety and Health UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/17736104?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Ahealthsafetyabstracts&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=American+Journal+of+Industrial+Medicine&rft.atitle=The+association+between+HLA-DPB1+super%28Glu69%29+and+chronic+beryllium+disease+and+beryllium+sensitization&rft.au=McCanlies%2C+Erin+C%3BEnsey%2C+James+S%3BSchuler%2C+Christine+R%3BKreiss%2C+Kathleen%3BWeston%2C+Ainsley&rft.aulast=McCanlies&rft.aufirst=Erin&rft.date=2004-01-01&rft.volume=46&rft.issue=2&rft.spage=95&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=American+Journal+of+Industrial+Medicine&rft.issn=02713586&rft_id=info:doi/10.1002%2Fajim.20045 LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Genetics; occupational diseases DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ajim.20045 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - A potential signal of Bell's palsy after parenteral inactivated influenza vaccines: reports to the Vaccine Adverse Event Reporting System (VAERS)-United States, 1991-2001 AN - 17706362; 6026260 AB - Post-licensure experience with a new intranasal inactivated influenza vaccine in Switzerland recently identified an increased risk for Bell's palsy. We reviewed reports in the Vaccine Adverse Event Reporting System (VAERS) to assess if parenteral inactivated influenza vaccines (influenza vaccines) may also increase the risk for Bell's palsy. Reports of Bell's palsy after influenza vaccines in VAERS from 1/1/1991 to 12/31/2001 were identified by searching the Coding Symbols for Thesaurus of Adverse Reaction Terms (COSTART) for 'paralysis facial' and by text string search in the automated database. The text descriptions on each report were reviewed to verify the diagnosis. The proportional reporting ratio (PRR) was calculated to aid signal detection. We found a total of 197 reports of Bell's palsy after receipt of influenza vaccines. The diagnosis was verified for 154 (78.2%), of which 145 (94.2%) had received influenza vaccines alone. The verified reports were submitted from 35 states; 58% of the reports involved persons living in states where the risk of Lyme disease, which can also cause facial paralysis, was low, minimal or none. The PRRs in all age groups exceeded the criteria for a signal of possible association. The highest PRR was 3.91 in the =>65 years age group. Our findings revealed a signal of possible association between influenza vaccines and an increased risk of Bell's palsy. A population-based controlled study is needed to determine whether this association could be causal and to quantify the risk. JF - Pharmacoepidemiology and Drug Safety AU - Zhou, Weigong AU - Pool, Vitali AU - DeStefano, Frank AU - Iskander, John K AU - Haber, Penina AU - Chen, Robert T AD - Epidemic Intelligence Service, Epidemiology Program Office, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia, USA, waz6@cdc.gov Y1 - 2004 PY - 2004 DA - 2004 SP - 505 EP - 510 PB - John Wiley & Sons, Inc., 111 River Street Hoboken NJ 07030 USA, [mailto:custserv@wiley.com], [URL:http://www.wiley.com/] VL - 13 IS - 8 SN - 1053-8569, 1053-8569 KW - Bell's palsy KW - Health & Safety Science Abstracts; Toxicology Abstracts; Risk Abstracts KW - vaccines KW - Viruses KW - Switzerland KW - Drugs KW - Influenza virus KW - Vaccines KW - Side effects KW - R2 23060:Medical and environmental health KW - H 4000:Food and Drugs KW - X 24111:Acute exposure UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/17706362?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Ariskabstracts&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Pharmacoepidemiology+and+Drug+Safety&rft.atitle=A+potential+signal+of+Bell%27s+palsy+after+parenteral+inactivated+influenza+vaccines%3A+reports+to+the+Vaccine+Adverse+Event+Reporting+System+%28VAERS%29-United+States%2C+1991-2001&rft.au=Zhou%2C+Weigong%3BPool%2C+Vitali%3BDeStefano%2C+Frank%3BIskander%2C+John+K%3BHaber%2C+Penina%3BChen%2C+Robert+T&rft.aulast=Zhou&rft.aufirst=Weigong&rft.date=2004-01-01&rft.volume=13&rft.issue=8&rft.spage=505&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Pharmacoepidemiology+and+Drug+Safety&rft.issn=10538569&rft_id=info:doi/10.1002%2Fpds.998 LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Influenza virus; Switzerland; Side effects; vaccines; Viruses; Drugs; Vaccines; Bell's palsy DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/pds.998 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Nonfatal occupational injuries from slips, trips, and falls among older workers treated in hospital emergency departments, United States 1998 AN - 17504908; 6384611 AB - Falls are a leading cause of injury among older adults. As the workforce demographics shift to an older population, the dearth of information on occupational falls among older adults must be addressed. A national probability sample of hospital emergency departments (EDs) (National Electronic Injury Surveillance System) was utilized to characterize falls at work. Older workers were found not to be at increased risk of a fall injury, but were more likely than younger workers to be hospitalized post-injury. Same-level falls were the most common type of incident among older workers. Falls from height were more prevalent among men than women. The narrative case descriptions for same-level falls to the floor primarily implicated floor contamination and tripping hazards. Fall prevention programs targeted to older workers must examine extrinsic sources of falls, particularly surface traction, contaminant control, and footwear. Am. J. Ind. Med. 46:32-41, 2004. JF - American Journal of Industrial Medicine AU - Layne, Larry A AU - Pollack, Keshia M AD - National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, Division of Safety Research, Morgantown, West Virginia, lal3@cdc.gov Y1 - 2004 PY - 2004 DA - 2004 SP - 32 EP - 41 PB - John Wiley & Sons, Inc., 111 River Street Hoboken NJ 07030 USA, [mailto:custserv@wiley.com], [URL:http://www.wiley.com/] VL - 46 IS - 1 SN - 0271-3586, 0271-3586 KW - Health & Safety Science Abstracts; Risk Abstracts KW - Injuries KW - Occupational safety KW - Aging KW - Accidents KW - prevention KW - Falls KW - Working conditions KW - USA KW - Gender KW - Emergency medical services KW - R2 23080:Industrial and labor KW - H 1000:Occupational Safety and Health UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/17504908?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Ariskabstracts&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=American+Journal+of+Industrial+Medicine&rft.atitle=Nonfatal+occupational+injuries+from+slips%2C+trips%2C+and+falls+among+older+workers+treated+in+hospital+emergency+departments%2C+United+States+1998&rft.au=Layne%2C+Larry+A%3BPollack%2C+Keshia+M&rft.aulast=Layne&rft.aufirst=Larry&rft.date=2004-01-01&rft.volume=46&rft.issue=1&rft.spage=32&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=American+Journal+of+Industrial+Medicine&rft.issn=02713586&rft_id=info:doi/10.1002%2Fajim.20038 LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - USA; Injuries; Gender; Aging; Working conditions; Falls; Emergency medical services; Accidents; prevention; Occupational safety DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ajim.20038 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Symptom onset in the first 2 years of employment at a wood products plant using diisocyanates: Some observations relevant to occupational medical screening AN - 17502055; 6384598 AB - Questionnaires are essential tools for medical screening, but their role in monitoring workers at increased risk of occupational asthma (OA) remains indeterminate. Employees who were at a newly established wood products plant without previous exposure to methylene diphenyl diisocyanate (MDI) completed an initial questionnaire and from one to four follow-up questionnaires during a 2- year period. Onset of symptoms in 132 workers was assessed by exposure groups and modeled using generalized estimating equations. Onset of attacks of dyspnea with wheeze, attacks of dyspnea or cough at rest, and chest tightness were significantly associated with MDI exposure after controlling for age, smoking, and wood dust exposure. Onset of cough on most days was significantly related to smoking and dust. Onset of phlegm production was significantly related to both MDI and dust exposure. Onset of certain symptoms is significantly associated with MDI exposure. Early detection of MDI-associated health effects using a short screening questionnaire appears feasible. Published 2004 Wiley-Liss, Inc. JF - American Journal of Industrial Medicine AU - Wang, Mei-Lin AU - Petsonk, Edward L AD - Division of Respiratory Disease Studies, National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH), Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Morgantown, West Virginia, mlw4@cdc.gov Y1 - 2004 PY - 2004 DA - 2004 SP - 226 EP - 233 PB - John Wiley & Sons, Inc., 111 River Street Hoboken NJ 07030 USA, [mailto:custserv@wiley.com], [URL:http://www.wiley.com/] VL - 46 IS - 3 SN - 0271-3586, 0271-3586 KW - Diisocyanate KW - Toxicology Abstracts; Health & Safety Science Abstracts; Pollution Abstracts KW - Risk assessment KW - Osteoarthritis KW - Respiratory diseases KW - Chest KW - Dust KW - Smoking KW - Occupational exposure KW - Cough KW - Asthma KW - Wood KW - H 1000:Occupational Safety and Health KW - X 24154:Pathology KW - P 6000:TOXICOLOGY AND HEALTH UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/17502055?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxicologyabstracts&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=American+Journal+of+Industrial+Medicine&rft.atitle=Symptom+onset+in+the+first+2+years+of+employment+at+a+wood+products+plant+using+diisocyanates%3A+Some+observations+relevant+to+occupational+medical+screening&rft.au=Wang%2C+Mei-Lin%3BPetsonk%2C+Edward+L&rft.aulast=Wang&rft.aufirst=Mei-Lin&rft.date=2004-01-01&rft.volume=46&rft.issue=3&rft.spage=226&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=American+Journal+of+Industrial+Medicine&rft.issn=02713586&rft_id=info:doi/10.1002%2Fajim.20050 LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Dust; Wood; Smoking; Occupational exposure; Respiratory diseases; Asthma; Cough; Risk assessment; Osteoarthritis; Chest DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ajim.20050 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Application of physiologically-based pharmacokinetic modeling to investigate the toxicological interaction between chlorpyrifos and parathion in the rat AN - 17238672; 6968573 AB - Environmental exposure is usually due to the presence of multiple chemicals. In most cases, these chemicals interact with each other at both pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic toxicity mechanisms. In the absence of data, joint toxicity assessment of a mixture is based on default dose or response additivity. Although, the concept of additivity is mostly accepted at low dose levels, these levels need to be determined quantitatively to validate the use of additivity as an absence of any possible synergistic or antagonistic interactions at low environmental exposure levels. The doses at which interaction becomes significant define the interaction threshold. In most cases, estimation of these low-dose interaction thresholds experimentally is economically costly and challenging because of the need to use a large number of laboratory animals. Computational toxicology methods provide a feasible alternative to establish interaction thresholds. For example, a physiologically based pharmacokinetic (PBPK) model was developed to estimate an interaction threshold for the joint toxicity between chlorpyrifos and parathion in the rat. Initially, PBPK models were developed for each chemical to estimate the blood concentrations of their respective metabolite. The metabolite concentrations in blood out-put was then linked to acetylcholinesterase kinetics submodel. The resulting overall PBPK model described interactions between these pesticides at two levels in the organism: (a) the P450 enzymatic bioactivation site, and (b) acetylcholinesterase binding sites. Using the overall model, a response surface was constructed at various dose levels of each chemical to investigate the mechanism of interaction and to calculate interaction threshold doses. The overall model simulations indicated that additivity is obtained at oral dose levels below 0.08 mg/kg of each chemical. At higher doses, antagonism by enzymatic competitive inhibition is the mode of interaction. JF - Environmental Toxicology and Pharmacology AU - El-Masri, Hisham A AU - Mumtaz, Moiz M AU - Yushak, Melinda L AD - Computational Toxicology Laboratory, Division of Toxicology, Agency for Toxic Substances and Disease Registry (ATSDR), 1600 Clifton Road, NE, Mail Stop F-29, Atlanta, GA 30333, USA, hbe4@cdc.gov Y1 - 2004 PY - 2004 DA - 2004 SP - 57 EP - 71 PB - Elsevier Science Ltd., The Boulevard Langford Lane Kidlington Oxford OX5 1GB UK, [mailto:nlinfo-f@elsevier.nl], [URL:http://www.elsevier.nl] VL - 16 IS - 1-2 SN - 1382-6689, 1382-6689 KW - Toxicology Abstracts KW - Author Keywords: Chlorpyrifos KW - Parathion KW - PBPK KW - Interaction threshold KW - Mathematical models KW - Data processing KW - Acetylcholinesterase KW - Laboratory animals KW - Computer applications KW - Pharmacokinetics KW - Chlorpyrifos KW - Blood KW - Pesticides KW - Toxicity testing KW - Pharmacodynamics KW - X 24136:Environmental impact UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/17238672?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxicologyabstracts&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Environmental+Toxicology+and+Pharmacology&rft.atitle=Application+of+physiologically-based+pharmacokinetic+modeling+to+investigate+the+toxicological+interaction+between+chlorpyrifos+and+parathion+in+the+rat&rft.au=El-Masri%2C+Hisham+A%3BMumtaz%2C+Moiz+M%3BYushak%2C+Melinda+L&rft.aulast=El-Masri&rft.aufirst=Hisham&rft.date=2004-01-01&rft.volume=16&rft.issue=1-2&rft.spage=57&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Environmental+Toxicology+and+Pharmacology&rft.issn=13826689&rft_id=info:doi/10.1016%2Fj.etap.2003.10.002 LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-12-01 N1 - Last updated - 2015-03-25 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Chlorpyrifos; Blood; Data processing; Mathematical models; Acetylcholinesterase; Pesticides; Laboratory animals; Computer applications; Toxicity testing; Pharmacodynamics; Pharmacokinetics; Parathion DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.etap.2003.10.002 ER - TY - CPAPER T1 - Sampling and analysis of airbone fungal spores AN - 39752968; 3804761 AU - Chen, B T AU - Feather, G AU - Keswani, J Y1 - 2003/12/31/ PY - 2003 DA - 2003 Dec 31 KW - CPI, Conference Papers Index KW - U 7000:Multidisciplinary UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/39752968?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Acpi&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=conference&rft.jtitle=&rft.atitle=Sampling+and+analysis+of+airbone+fungal+spores&rft.au=Chen%2C+B+T%3BFeather%2C+G%3BKeswani%2C+J&rft.aulast=Chen&rft.aufirst=B&rft.date=2003-12-31&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - SuppNotes - Availability: American Association for Aerosol Research, 17000 Commerce Parkway, Suite C, My. Laurel NJ 08054, USA; phone: 856-439-9080; fax: 856-439-0525; email: info@aaar.org; URL: www.aaar.org N1 - Last updated - 2010-05-03 ER - TY - CPAPER T1 - Annular aqueous denuder for short term filter measurements in saturated environments AN - 39708262; 3804764 AU - Volkwein, J AU - Mischler, S AU - Vinson, R AU - Hall, P AU - Crookston, E Y1 - 2003/12/31/ PY - 2003 DA - 2003 Dec 31 KW - CPI, Conference Papers Index KW - U 7000:Multidisciplinary UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/39708262?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Acpi&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=conference&rft.jtitle=&rft.atitle=Annular+aqueous+denuder+for+short+term+filter+measurements+in+saturated+environments&rft.au=Volkwein%2C+J%3BMischler%2C+S%3BVinson%2C+R%3BHall%2C+P%3BCrookston%2C+E&rft.aulast=Volkwein&rft.aufirst=J&rft.date=2003-12-31&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - SuppNotes - Availability: American Association for Aerosol Research, 17000 Commerce Parkway, Suite C, My. Laurel NJ 08054, USA; phone: 856-439-9080; fax: 856-439-0525; email: info@aaar.org; URL: www.aaar.org N1 - Last updated - 2010-05-03 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Transmission of the severe acute respiratory syndrome on aircraft. AN - 71474854; 14681507 AB - The severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS) spread rapidly around the world, largely because persons infected with the SARS-associated coronavirus (SARS-CoV) traveled on aircraft to distant cities. Although many infected persons traveled on commercial aircraft, the risk, if any, of in-flight transmission is unknown. We attempted to interview passengers and crew members at least 10 days after they had taken one of three flights that transported a patient or patients with SARS. All index patients met the criteria of the World Health Organization for a probable case of SARS, and index or secondary cases were confirmed to be positive for SARS-CoV on reverse-transcriptase polymerase chain reaction or serologic testing. After one flight carrying a symptomatic person and 119 other persons, laboratory-confirmed SARS developed in 16 persons, 2 others were given diagnoses of probable SARS, and 4 were reported to have SARS but could not be interviewed. Among the 22 persons with illness, the mean time from the flight to the onset of symptoms was four days (range, two to eight), and there were no recognized exposures to patients with SARS before or after the flight. Illness in passengers was related to the physical proximity to the index patient, with illness reported in 8 of the 23 persons who were seated in the three rows in front of the index patient, as compared with 10 of the 88 persons who were seated elsewhere (relative risk, 3.1; 95 percent confidence interval, 1.4 to 6.9). In contrast, another flight carrying four symptomatic persons resulted in transmission to at most one other person, and no illness was documented in passengers on the flight that carried a person who had presymptomatic SARS. Transmission of SARS may occur on an aircraft when infected persons fly during the symptomatic phase of illness. Measures to reduce the risk of transmission are warranted. Copyright 2003 Massachusetts Medical Society JF - The New England journal of medicine AU - Olsen, Sonja J AU - Chang, Hsiao-Ling AU - Cheung, Terence Yung-Yan AU - Tang, Antony Fai-Yu AU - Fisk, Tamara L AU - Ooi, Steven Peng-Lim AU - Kuo, Hung-Wei AU - Jiang, Donald Dah-Shyong AU - Chen, Kow-Tong AU - Lando, Jim AU - Hsu, Kwo-Hsiung AU - Chen, Tzay-Jinn AU - Dowell, Scott F AD - International Emerging Infections Program, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Nonthaburi, Thailand. sco2@cdc.gov Y1 - 2003/12/18/ PY - 2003 DA - 2003 Dec 18 SP - 2416 EP - 2422 VL - 349 IS - 25 KW - Abridged Index Medicus KW - Index Medicus KW - Travel KW - Hong Kong KW - Risk Factors KW - Humans KW - Environmental Exposure KW - Aged KW - Middle Aged KW - Male KW - Aircraft KW - Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome -- transmission KW - Disease Transmission, Infectious UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/71474854?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+New+England+journal+of+medicine&rft.atitle=Transmission+of+the+severe+acute+respiratory+syndrome+on+aircraft.&rft.au=Olsen%2C+Sonja+J%3BChang%2C+Hsiao-Ling%3BCheung%2C+Terence+Yung-Yan%3BTang%2C+Antony+Fai-Yu%3BFisk%2C+Tamara+L%3BOoi%2C+Steven+Peng-Lim%3BKuo%2C+Hung-Wei%3BJiang%2C+Donald+Dah-Shyong%3BChen%2C+Kow-Tong%3BLando%2C+Jim%3BHsu%2C+Kwo-Hsiung%3BChen%2C+Tzay-Jinn%3BDowell%2C+Scott+F&rft.aulast=Olsen&rft.aufirst=Sonja&rft.date=2003-12-18&rft.volume=349&rft.issue=25&rft.spage=2416&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=The+New+England+journal+of+medicine&rft.issn=1533-4406&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 2003-12-23 N1 - Date created - 2003-12-18 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - SuppNotes - Comment In: N Engl J Med. 2003 Dec 18;349(25):2381-2 [14681502] N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Identification of superantigen genes speM, ssa, and smeZ in invasive strains of beta-hemolytic group C and G streptococci recovered from humans AN - 17891257; 5848182 AB - Group C and G Streptococcus dysgalactiae subspecies equisimilis (GCSE and GGSE) cause a substantial percentage of invasive disease caused by beta-hemolytic streptococci. To determine whether Streptococcus pyogenes superantigen (SAg) genes commonly exist within these organisms, 20 recent invasive GCSE and GGSE human isolates and one group G Streptococcus canis human isolate were tested for the presence of SAg genes speH, speJ, speL, speM, ssa and smeZ by polymerase chain reaction (PCR). Prior to this work, sequence-based evidence of the speM, ssa, and smeZ genes in GCSE, GGSE, and S. canis had not been documented. Eleven of the 21 isolates were PCR-positive for the presence of one to two of the SAgs speM, ssa, or smeZ, with four of these isolates carrying ssa+speM or ssa+smeZ. No isolate was positive for speH, speJ and speL. All six ssa-positive GGSE strains harbored the ssa3 allele, previously only found among S. pyogenes strains. All three smeZ-positive GGSE isolates carried one of two smeZ alleles previously only found within S. pyogenes, however the single S. canis isolate carried a new smeZ allele. All five GCSE and GGSE speM-positive isolates harbored a newly discovered speM allele. The identification of these SAgs within S. dysgalactiae subsp. equisimilis and S. canis with identical or near-identical sequences to their counterparts in S. pyogenes suggests frequent interspecies gene exchange between the three beta-hemolytic streptococcal species. JF - FEMS Microbiology Letters AU - Igwe, E I AU - Shewmaker, P L AU - Facklam, R R AU - Farley, M M AU - Van Beneden, C AU - Beall, B AD - Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Respiratory Diseases Branch, 1600 Clifton Rd, Mailstop CO2, Atlanta, GA 30333, USA, bbeall@cdc.gov Y1 - 2003/12/12/ PY - 2003 DA - 2003 Dec 12 SP - 259 EP - 264 PB - Federation of European Microbiological Societies VL - 229 IS - 2 SN - 0378-1097, 0378-1097 KW - smeZ gene KW - speM gene KW - ssa gene KW - Genetics Abstracts; Microbiology Abstracts B: Bacteriology KW - Superantigens KW - Polymerase chain reaction KW - Streptococcus canis KW - Streptococcus dysgalactiae KW - G 07240:Immunogenetics KW - J 02740:Genetics and evolution UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/17891257?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologyb&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=FEMS+Microbiology+Letters&rft.atitle=Identification+of+superantigen+genes+speM%2C+ssa%2C+and+smeZ+in+invasive+strains+of+beta-hemolytic+group+C+and+G+streptococci+recovered+from+humans&rft.au=Igwe%2C+E+I%3BShewmaker%2C+P+L%3BFacklam%2C+R+R%3BFarley%2C+M+M%3BVan+Beneden%2C+C%3BBeall%2C+B&rft.aulast=Igwe&rft.aufirst=E&rft.date=2003-12-12&rft.volume=229&rft.issue=2&rft.spage=259&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=FEMS+Microbiology+Letters&rft.issn=03781097&rft_id=info:doi/10.1016%2FS0378-1097%2803%2900842-5 LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Streptococcus canis; Streptococcus dysgalactiae; Superantigens; Polymerase chain reaction DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0378-1097(03)00842-5 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Signaling by carcinogenic metals and metal-induced reactive oxygen species. AN - 71429201; 14643420 AB - Epidemiological data indicate that exposure to metal and metalloid species, including arsenic(III), chromium(VI), and nickel(II), increases the risk of cancer, particularly of the lung and skin. Alterations in normal signal transduction as a result of exposure to carcinogenic metals, and to metal-catalyzed reactive oxygen species (ROS) formation, appear to play an important role in the etiology of metal-induced carcinogenesis. Signaling components affected by metals include growth factor receptors, G-proteins, MAP kinases, and nuclear transcription factors. This article reviews current literature on the effects of carcinogenic metals and metal-induced ROS on cancer-related signaling pathways. In addition, the mechanisms by which those changes occur, and the role of those changes in carcinogenesis are discussed. JF - Mutation research AU - Harris, Gabriel Keith AU - Shi, Xianglin AD - National Research Council Associate, Pathology and Physiology Research Branch, National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, 1095 Willowdale Rd. (M/S 2015), Morgantown, WV 26505-2888, USA. gharris1@cdc.gov Y1 - 2003/12/10/ PY - 2003 DA - 2003 Dec 10 SP - 183 EP - 200 VL - 533 IS - 1-2 SN - 0027-5107, 0027-5107 KW - Carcinogens KW - 0 KW - Metals KW - Reactive Oxygen Species KW - Index Medicus KW - Rats KW - Animals KW - Humans KW - Neoplasms -- chemically induced KW - Neoplasms -- metabolism KW - Signal Transduction -- drug effects KW - Carcinogens -- toxicity KW - Reactive Oxygen Species -- toxicity KW - Metals -- toxicity UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/71429201?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Mutation+research&rft.atitle=Signaling+by+carcinogenic+metals+and+metal-induced+reactive+oxygen+species.&rft.au=Harris%2C+Gabriel+Keith%3BShi%2C+Xianglin&rft.aulast=Harris&rft.aufirst=Gabriel&rft.date=2003-12-10&rft.volume=533&rft.issue=1-2&rft.spage=183&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Mutation+research&rft.issn=00275107&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 2004-01-12 N1 - Date created - 2003-12-03 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Workplace exacerbation of asthma symptoms: findings from a population-based study in Maine. AN - 71596240; 15859513 AB - In this population-based study of asthma in the State of Maine, the authors investigated how often asthma symptoms were exacerbated in the workplace. Participants from 5 hospital service areas in Maine completed a telephone questionnaire. Of 474 adult participants (18-65 yr of age) employed during the preceding year and for whom information on occupation and industry was available, 64 (13.5%) were identified with current asthma, including 28 (5.9%) with current physician-diagnosed asthma and 36 (7.6%) who met criteria for symptoms consistent with asthma. Jobs were identified a priori as "high-risk" or "low-risk" for asthma. Of the 64 asthma cases, 16 (25%) reported that their coughing or wheezing worsened at work. Among the symptom-based cases, the percentage with workplace exacerbation of asthma was elevated for high-risk jobs (7/14 = 50%) vs. low-risk jobs (3/22 = 13.6%) (p = 0.03). No similar elevation was observed for individuals with current physician-diagnosed asthma, which might have resulted, in part, from a healthy worker effect. JF - Archives of environmental health AU - Henneberger, Paul K AU - Deprez, Ronald D AU - Asdigian, Nancy AU - Oliver, L Christine AU - Derk, Susan AU - Goe, Sandra K AD - Division of Respiratory Disease Studies, National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, Morgantown, West Virginia 26505, USA. pkh0@cdc.gov Y1 - 2003/12// PY - 2003 DA - December 2003 SP - 781 EP - 788 VL - 58 IS - 12 SN - 0003-9896, 0003-9896 KW - Abridged Index Medicus KW - Index Medicus KW - Severity of Illness Index KW - Air Pollution, Indoor -- adverse effects KW - Personnel, Hospital KW - Epidemiologic Studies KW - Humans KW - Adult KW - Job Description KW - Disease Progression KW - Aged KW - Middle Aged KW - Maine KW - Adolescent KW - Male KW - Female KW - Asthma -- etiology KW - Workplace KW - Asthma -- pathology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/71596240?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Archives+of+environmental+health&rft.atitle=Workplace+exacerbation+of+asthma+symptoms%3A+findings+from+a+population-based+study+in+Maine.&rft.au=Henneberger%2C+Paul+K%3BDeprez%2C+Ronald+D%3BAsdigian%2C+Nancy%3BOliver%2C+L+Christine%3BDerk%2C+Susan%3BGoe%2C+Sandra+K&rft.aulast=Henneberger&rft.aufirst=Paul&rft.date=2003-12-01&rft.volume=58&rft.issue=12&rft.spage=781&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Archives+of+environmental+health&rft.issn=00039896&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 2005-05-16 N1 - Date created - 2005-04-29 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-14 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-19 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - The life priorities of HIV-seropositive injection drug users: findings from a community-based sample. AN - 71501927; 14707536 AB - Using cross-sectional data from an ethnically diverse sample of 161 HIV-seropositive injection drug users (IDUs), we investigated (1) how HIV-positive IDUs rank their life priorities, (2) whether HIV prioritization (defined as whether or not ranking HIV as a top priority) is associated with risk behaviors, and (3) potential correlates of HIV prioritization. HIV was ranked as the most important priority by 37% of the participants. Among those who did not rank HIV as the top priority, housing, money, and safety from violence were particularly salient priorities. Those who gave the highest priority to HIV were less likely to have unprotected vaginal sex with primary partners who were HIV negative or of unknown serostatus, were less likely to split drugs with a used syringe, and used fewer numbers of injection drugs. HIV prioritization, however, was not associated with sex risk behaviors with nonprimary partners and HIV-positive primary partners. Significant correlates of HIV prioritization included age and the use of a heroin/stimulant mixture. These findings provide a number of important implications for HIV prevention intervention research for HIV-positive IDUs. JF - AIDS and behavior AU - Mizuno, Yuko AU - Purcell, David AU - Borkowski, Thomas M AU - Knight, Kelly AU - SUDIS Team AD - Division of HIV/AIDS Prevention-Intervention, Research and Support, National Center for HIV, STD and TB Prevention, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia, 30333, USA. ybm2@cdc.gov ; SUDIS Team Y1 - 2003/12// PY - 2003 DA - December 2003 SP - 395 EP - 403 VL - 7 IS - 4 SN - 1090-7165, 1090-7165 KW - Index Medicus KW - Risk-Taking KW - Humans KW - Aged KW - Research Design KW - Cross-Sectional Studies KW - Adult KW - Depression -- epidemiology KW - Social Support KW - Middle Aged KW - Female KW - Health Priorities KW - Male KW - Prevalence KW - Community Health Centers KW - Choice Behavior KW - Substance Abuse, Intravenous -- epidemiology KW - HIV Seropositivity -- epidemiology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/71501927?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=AIDS+and+behavior&rft.atitle=The+life+priorities+of+HIV-seropositive+injection+drug+users%3A+findings+from+a+community-based+sample.&rft.au=Mizuno%2C+Yuko%3BPurcell%2C+David%3BBorkowski%2C+Thomas+M%3BKnight%2C+Kelly%3BSUDIS+Team&rft.aulast=Mizuno&rft.aufirst=Yuko&rft.date=2003-12-01&rft.volume=7&rft.issue=4&rft.spage=395&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=AIDS+and+behavior&rft.issn=10907165&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 2004-03-11 N1 - Date created - 2004-01-06 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Report from the CDC. Telephone focus groups: an emerging method in public health research. AN - 71499078; 14709182 AB - The focus group is a widely used qualitative method in public health research. Typically, focus groups involve face-to-face interaction, although focus groups have also been conducted via telephone conference calls. The indexed medical and social sciences literature was reviewed to assess what is empirically known about the telephone focus group method and how this method has been used to explore health topics. Thirteen studies reported in 16 publications were found that used telephone focus groups. Of the 13 studies, 12 investigated health topics, and none explored any methodological issues. Some health studies used the telephone focus group method exclusively, whereas others used it in conjunction with additional methods. The studies involved a variety of lay and professional populations in six countries and explored a range of topics. Several of the studies included participants from a wide geographic area, such as across the entire United States. Two rationales for using the telephone focus group method were reported: assembling geographically disparate participants and increasing participant anonymity by eliminating visual contact. Health researchers appear to be the primary users of the telephone focus group method for academic research. The telephone focus group method may be especially useful in health studies involving populations that do not have adequate representation in any single region and studies investigating sensitive topics. Methods studies are needed to compare the group dynamics of telephone and in-person focus groups and determine the most appropriate size and duration for telephone focus groups. JF - Journal of women's health (2002) AU - Cooper, Crystale Purvis AU - Jorgensen, Cynthia M AU - Merritt, Tracie L AD - Division of Cancer Prevention and Control, National Center for Chronic Disease Prevention and Health Promotion, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia 30341, USA. ccooper@cdc.gov Y1 - 2003/12// PY - 2003 DA - December 2003 SP - 945 EP - 951 VL - 12 IS - 10 SN - 1540-9996, 1540-9996 KW - Index Medicus KW - United States KW - Group Processes KW - Public Health KW - Reproducibility of Results KW - Attitude to Health KW - Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (U.S.) KW - Humans KW - Health Knowledge, Attitudes, Practice KW - Data Collection -- methods KW - Telephone KW - Health Services Research -- methods KW - Neoplasms -- chemically induced KW - Mass Screening -- utilization KW - Primary Health Care -- standards KW - Focus Groups -- methods UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/71499078?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+women%27s+health+%282002%29&rft.atitle=Report+from+the+CDC.+Telephone+focus+groups%3A+an+emerging+method+in+public+health+research.&rft.au=Cooper%2C+Crystale+Purvis%3BJorgensen%2C+Cynthia+M%3BMerritt%2C+Tracie+L&rft.aulast=Cooper&rft.aufirst=Crystale&rft.date=2003-12-01&rft.volume=12&rft.issue=10&rft.spage=945&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+women%27s+health+%282002%29&rft.issn=15409996&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 2004-03-05 N1 - Date created - 2004-01-07 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - A network-informed approach to investigating a tuberculosis outbreak: implications for enhancing contact investigations. AN - 71464799; 14677842 AB - To elucidate networks of Mycobacterium tuberculosis transmission, it may be appropriate to characterize the types of relationships among tuberculosis (TB) cases and their contacts (with and without latent TB infection) in addition to relying on traditional efforts to distinguish 'close' from 'casual' contacts. A TB outbreak in a US low incidence state. To evaluate whether social network analysis can provide insights into transmission settings that might otherwise go unrecognized by routine practices. All adult outbreak-associated cases (n = 19) and a convenience sample of their contacts with and without latent TB infection (LTBI) (n = 26) were re-interviewed in 2001 using a structured questionnaire. Network analysis software was used to create diagrams illustrating important persons within the outbreak network, as well as types of activities TB cases engaged in with their contacts. Drug use and drug sharing were more commonly reported among cases and their infected contacts than among contacts without LTBI. TB cases central to the outbreak network used crack cocaine, uncovering the need to focus control efforts on specific sites and persons involved in illicit drug use. Outbreaks occur even in areas with low TB incidence, frequently among groups whose drug use or other illegal activities complicate control efforts. TB programs should consider the use of network analysis as a supplement to routine contact investigations to identify unrecognized patterns of M. tuberculosis transmission. JF - The international journal of tuberculosis and lung disease : the official journal of the International Union against Tuberculosis and Lung Disease AU - McElroy, P D AU - Rothenberg, R B AU - Varghese, R AU - Woodruff, R AU - Minns, G O AU - Muth, S Q AU - Lambert, L A AU - Ridzon, R AD - Surveillance and Epidemiology Branch, Division of Tuberculosis Elimination, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia 30333, USA. pgm9@cdc.gov Y1 - 2003/12// PY - 2003 DA - December 2003 SP - S486 EP - S493 VL - 7 IS - 12 Suppl 3 SN - 1027-3719, 1027-3719 KW - Index Medicus KW - Humans KW - Social Behavior KW - Aged KW - Child KW - Child, Preschool KW - Infant KW - Sexual Behavior KW - Kansas -- epidemiology KW - Aged, 80 and over KW - Risk Factors KW - Adult KW - Substance-Related Disorders -- complications KW - Middle Aged KW - Adolescent KW - Female KW - Male KW - Contact Tracing -- methods KW - Tuberculosis -- diagnosis KW - Tuberculosis -- epidemiology KW - Community Networks KW - Tuberculosis -- transmission KW - Disease Outbreaks UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/71464799?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+international+journal+of+tuberculosis+and+lung+disease+%3A+the+official+journal+of+the+International+Union+against+Tuberculosis+and+Lung+Disease&rft.atitle=A+network-informed+approach+to+investigating+a+tuberculosis+outbreak%3A+implications+for+enhancing+contact+investigations.&rft.au=McElroy%2C+P+D%3BRothenberg%2C+R+B%3BVarghese%2C+R%3BWoodruff%2C+R%3BMinns%2C+G+O%3BMuth%2C+S+Q%3BLambert%2C+L+A%3BRidzon%2C+R&rft.aulast=McElroy&rft.aufirst=P&rft.date=2003-12-01&rft.volume=7&rft.issue=12+Suppl+3&rft.spage=S486&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=The+international+journal+of+tuberculosis+and+lung+disease+%3A+the+official+journal+of+the+International+Union+against+Tuberculosis+and+Lung+Disease&rft.issn=10273719&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 2004-04-29 N1 - Date created - 2003-12-17 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Immunological function in mice exposed to JP-8 jet fuel in utero. AN - 71456664; 14514957 AB - Immunological parameters, host resistance, and thyroid hormones were evaluated in F1 mice exposed in utero to jet propulsion fuel-8 (JP-8). C57BL/6 pregnant dams (mated with C3H/HeJ males) were gavaged daily on gestation days 6-15 with JP-8 in a vehicle of olive oil at 0, 1000, or 2000 mg/kg. At weaning (3 weeks of age), no significant differences were observed in body, liver, spleen, or thymus weight, splenic and thymic cellularity, splenic CD4/CD8 lymphocyte subpopulations, or T-cell proliferation. Yet, lymphocytic proliferative responses to B-cell mitogens were suppressed in the 2000 mg/kg treatment group. In addition, thymic CD4-/CD8+ cells were significantly increased. By adulthood (8 weeks of age), lymphocyte proliferative responses and the alteration in thymic CD4-/CD8+ cells had returned to normal. However, splenic weight and thymic cellularity were altered, and the IgM plaque forming cell response was suppressed by 46% and 81% in the 1000 and 2000 mg/kg treatment groups, respectively. Furthermore, a 38% decrease was detected in the total T4 serum hormone level at 2000 mg/kg. In F1 adults, no significant alterations were observed in natural killer cell activity, T-cell lymphocyte proliferation, bone marrow cellularity and proliferative responses, complete blood counts, peritoneal and splenic cellularity, liver, kidney, or thymus weight, macrophage phagocytosis or nitric oxide production, splenic CD4/CD8 lymphocyte subpopulations, or total T3 serum hormone levels. Host resistance models in treated F1 adults demonstrated that immunological responses were normal after challenge with Listeria monocytogenes, but heightened susceptibility to B16F10 tumor challenge was seen at both treatment levels. This study demonstrates that prenatal exposure to JP-8 can target the developing murine fetus and result in impaired immune function and altered T4 levels in adulthood. JF - Toxicological sciences : an official journal of the Society of Toxicology AU - Keil, Deborah E AU - Warren, D Alan AU - Jenny, Matthew J AU - EuDaly, Jackie G AU - Smythe, Joshua AU - Peden-Adams, Margie M AD - National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Morgantown, West Virginia 26505, USA. dkeil@cdc.gov Y1 - 2003/12// PY - 2003 DA - December 2003 SP - 347 EP - 356 VL - 76 IS - 2 SN - 1096-6080, 1096-6080 KW - Hydrocarbons KW - 0 KW - JP8 aviation fuel KW - Petroleum KW - Thyroid Hormones KW - Index Medicus KW - Administration, Oral KW - Animals KW - Dose-Response Relationship, Drug KW - Disease Susceptibility -- immunology KW - Mice KW - Melanoma, Experimental -- immunology KW - Pregnancy KW - Lymphocyte Activation -- drug effects KW - Mice, Inbred C57BL KW - Disease Susceptibility -- chemically induced KW - Thyroid Hormones -- blood KW - Female KW - Male KW - Listeria monocytogenes -- immunology KW - Petroleum -- toxicity KW - Hydrocarbons -- administration & dosage KW - Immunity, Maternally-Acquired -- drug effects KW - Hydrocarbons -- toxicity KW - Prenatal Exposure Delayed Effects UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/71456664?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Toxicological+sciences+%3A+an+official+journal+of+the+Society+of+Toxicology&rft.atitle=Immunological+function+in+mice+exposed+to+JP-8+jet+fuel+in+utero.&rft.au=Keil%2C+Deborah+E%3BWarren%2C+D+Alan%3BJenny%2C+Matthew+J%3BEuDaly%2C+Jackie+G%3BSmythe%2C+Joshua%3BPeden-Adams%2C+Margie+M&rft.aulast=Keil&rft.aufirst=Deborah&rft.date=2003-12-01&rft.volume=76&rft.issue=2&rft.spage=347&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Toxicological+sciences+%3A+an+official+journal+of+the+Society+of+Toxicology&rft.issn=10966080&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 2004-08-06 N1 - Date created - 2003-12-03 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Prevalence of respiratory symptoms among female flight attendants and teachers. AN - 71393056; 14634183 AB - Potential health effects of the indoor environment in office buildings and aircraft have generated considerable concern in recent years. To analyse the prevalence of self reported respiratory symptoms and illnesses in flight attendants (FAs) and schoolteachers. Data were collected as part of a study of reproductive health among female FAs. The prevalences of work related eye, nose, and throat symptoms, wheezing, physician diagnosed asthma, chest illness, and cold or flu were calculated and stratified by smoking status in 1824 FAs and 331 schoolteachers. FAs and teachers were significantly more likely to report work related eye (12.4% and 7.4 %, respectively), nose (15.7% and 8.1%), and throat symptoms (7.5% and 5.7%) than were other working women (2.9% eye, 2.7% nose, and 1.3% throat symptoms). FAs were significantly more likely than teachers and referent working women to report chest illness during the prior three years (32.9%, 19.3%, 7.2%, respectively). Both study groups were more likely to report five or more episodes of cold or flu in the past year than were other working women (10.2% of FAs, 8.2% of teachers, 2.3% of referents), and both groups were more likely to report wheezing than other working women (22.8% of FAs, 28.4% of teachers, 16.4% of referents). FAs were significantly less likely than teachers and other working women to report ever having been diagnosed with asthma (8.2%, 13.3%, 11.8%, respectively). Overall, FAs and schoolteachers report a higher prevalence of work related upper respiratory symptoms, chest illness, and cold or flu than the general working population. JF - Occupational and environmental medicine AU - Whelan, E A AU - Lawson, C C AU - Grajewski, B AU - Petersen, M R AU - Pinkerton, L E AU - Ward, E M AU - Schnorr, T M AD - National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, Industrywide Studies Branch, Division of Surveillance, Hazard Evaluations and Field Studies, Cincinnati, Ohio 45226, USA. EWhelan@cdc.gov Y1 - 2003/12// PY - 2003 DA - December 2003 SP - 929 EP - 934 VL - 60 IS - 12 KW - Index Medicus KW - Air Pollution, Indoor -- adverse effects KW - Schools KW - Respiratory Sounds -- etiology KW - Environment, Controlled KW - Humans KW - Adult KW - Surveys and Questionnaires KW - Middle Aged KW - United States -- epidemiology KW - Female KW - Prevalence KW - Teaching KW - Aircraft KW - Respiratory Tract Diseases -- etiology KW - Respiratory Tract Diseases -- epidemiology KW - Occupational Diseases -- etiology KW - Aerospace Medicine KW - Occupational Diseases -- epidemiology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/71393056?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Occupational+and+environmental+medicine&rft.atitle=Prevalence+of+respiratory+symptoms+among+female+flight+attendants+and+teachers.&rft.au=Whelan%2C+E+A%3BLawson%2C+C+C%3BGrajewski%2C+B%3BPetersen%2C+M+R%3BPinkerton%2C+L+E%3BWard%2C+E+M%3BSchnorr%2C+T+M&rft.aulast=Whelan&rft.aufirst=E&rft.date=2003-12-01&rft.volume=60&rft.issue=12&rft.spage=929&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Occupational+and+environmental+medicine&rft.issn=1470-7926&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 2003-12-16 N1 - Date created - 2003-11-24 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - SuppNotes - Cited By: Occup Med. 2001 Jan-Mar;16(1):65-78 [11107225] Indoor Air. 2000 Dec;10(4):246-57 [11089329] BMJ. 2000 Jul 8;321(7253):88-92 [10884260] Appl Occup Environ Hyg. 2000 Mar;15(3):277-83 [10701290] Indoor Air. 1999 Dec;9(4):226-52 [10649857] Am J Ind Med. 1997 Sep;32(3):275-82 [9219658] Scand J Work Environ Health. 1995 Feb;21(1):51-9 [7784865] J Occup Med. 1984 May;26(5):367-74 [6610040] Int Arch Occup Environ Health. 1983;52(2):117-37 [6629504] J Occup Environ Med. 2002 Oct;44(10):947-55 [12391774] Rev Environ Health. 2002 Jan-Mar;17(1):1-49 [12088092] Appl Occup Environ Hyg. 2001 Oct;16(10):952-60 [11599544] Am Ind Hyg Assoc J. 1998 Jul;59(7):446-54 [9697291] N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - An outbreak of foodborne botulism associated with food sold at a salvage store in Texas. AN - 71370473; 14614672 AB - Foodborne botulism is caused by potent neurotoxins of Clostridium botulinum. We investigated a large outbreak of foodborne botulism among church supper attendees in Texas. We conducted a cohort study of attendees and investigated the salvage store that sold the implicated foods. We identified 15 cases of botulism (40%) among 38 church supper attendees. Nine patients (60%) had botulinum toxin type A detected in stool specimens. The diagnosis was delayed in 3 cases. Fifteen (63%) of 24 attendees who ate a chili dish developed botulism (relative risk, undefined; P<.001). The chili dish was prepared with "brand X" or "brand Y" frozen chili, "brand Z" canned chili, and hot dogs. An unopened container of brand X chili yielded type A toxin. Brand X chili was purchased at a salvage store where perishable foods were inadequately refrigerated. Our investigation highlights the need to improve clinicians' awareness of botulism. More rigorous and more unannounced inspections may be necessary to detect food mishandling at salvage stores. JF - Clinical infectious diseases : an official publication of the Infectious Diseases Society of America AU - Kalluri, Pavani AU - Crowe, Colleen AU - Reller, Megan AU - Gaul, Linda AU - Hayslett, James AU - Barth, Suzanne AU - Eliasberg, Stacey AU - Ferreira, J AU - Holt, Kristin AU - Bengston, Steve AU - Hendricks, Kate AU - Sobel, Jeremy AD - Epidemic Intelligence Service, Epidemiology Program Office, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia 30030, USA. pkalluri@cdc.gov Y1 - 2003/12/01/ PY - 2003 DA - 2003 Dec 01 SP - 1490 EP - 1495 VL - 37 IS - 11 KW - Index Medicus KW - Texas -- epidemiology KW - Humans KW - Cohort Studies KW - Adult KW - Aged KW - Middle Aged KW - Child KW - Adolescent KW - Male KW - Child, Preschool KW - Food Microbiology KW - Botulism -- physiopathology KW - Food Contamination KW - Clostridium botulinum KW - Botulism -- epidemiology KW - Disease Outbreaks UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/71370473?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Clinical+infectious+diseases+%3A+an+official+publication+of+the+Infectious+Diseases+Society+of+America&rft.atitle=An+outbreak+of+foodborne+botulism+associated+with+food+sold+at+a+salvage+store+in+Texas.&rft.au=Kalluri%2C+Pavani%3BCrowe%2C+Colleen%3BReller%2C+Megan%3BGaul%2C+Linda%3BHayslett%2C+James%3BBarth%2C+Suzanne%3BEliasberg%2C+Stacey%3BFerreira%2C+J%3BHolt%2C+Kristin%3BBengston%2C+Steve%3BHendricks%2C+Kate%3BSobel%2C+Jeremy&rft.aulast=Kalluri&rft.aufirst=Pavani&rft.date=2003-12-01&rft.volume=37&rft.issue=11&rft.spage=1490&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Clinical+infectious+diseases+%3A+an+official+publication+of+the+Infectious+Diseases+Society+of+America&rft.issn=1537-6591&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 2003-11-25 N1 - Date created - 2003-11-17 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Self-Perceived Responsibility of HIV-Seropositive Men Who Have Sex with Men for Preventing HIV Transmission AN - 61542749; 200402628 AB - Relatively little attention has been paid to unique factors that may motivate HIV-seropositive men who have sex with men (MSM) to prevent HIV transmission. This study examines the beliefs of 250 HIV-seropositive MSM about their responsibility for protecting sex partners from HIV infection. Participants completed an open-ended interview about their sexual practices, substance use, & other HIV-related issues. Seventy percent of participants were men of color. Most participants (72%) spontaneously mentioned issues related to responsibility that were represented by three themes: (1) personal responsibility for protecting sex partners, (2) partners' responsibility for protecting themselves, & (3) mutual responsibility. These beliefs were expressed by 63%, 24%, & 12% of respondents, respectively. Motivations underlying beliefs about personal responsibility included altruism, self-standards, & self-interest. Beliefs about personal responsibility were influenced by participant characteristics, partner characteristics, disclosure of HIV status, & contextual factors. The findings suggest that self-perceived responsibility may be an important factor that affects HIV-seropositive MSM's sexual decision making. 30 References. Adapted from the source document. JF - AIDS and Behavior AU - Wolitski, Richard J AU - Bailey, Caroline J AU - O'Leary, Ann AU - Gomez, Cynthia A AU - Parsons, Jeffrey T AD - PRB, DHAP, NCHSTP, Centers Disease Control & Prevention, Atlanta, GA rwolitski@cdc.gov Y1 - 2003/12// PY - 2003 DA - December 2003 SP - 363 EP - 372 VL - 7 IS - 4 SN - 1090-7165, 1090-7165 KW - Condoms KW - Sexual Behavior KW - Prevention KW - Responsibility KW - Males KW - Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndrome KW - Homosexual Relationships KW - article KW - 6126: acquired immune deficiency syndrome (AIDS) UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/61542749?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Asocialservices&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=AIDS+and+Behavior&rft.atitle=Self-Perceived+Responsibility+of+HIV-Seropositive+Men+Who+Have+Sex+with+Men+for+Preventing+HIV+Transmission&rft.au=Wolitski%2C+Richard+J%3BBailey%2C+Caroline+J%3BO%27Leary%2C+Ann%3BGomez%2C+Cynthia+A%3BParsons%2C+Jeffrey+T&rft.aulast=Wolitski&rft.aufirst=Richard&rft.date=2003-12-01&rft.volume=7&rft.issue=4&rft.spage=363&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=AIDS+and+Behavior&rft.issn=10907165&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - Social Services Abstracts N1 - Date revised - 2007-05-01 N1 - Number of references - 30 N1 - Last updated - 2016-09-28 N1 - CODEN - AIBEFC N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndrome; Sexual Behavior; Homosexual Relationships; Males; Condoms; Responsibility; Prevention ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Project SafeCare: Improving Health, Safety, and Parenting Skills in Families Reported for, and At-Risk for Child Maltreatment AN - 61496586; 200402701 AB - Project SafeCare was a 4-year, in-home, research & intervention program that provided parent training to families of children at-risk for maltreatment, & families of children who were victims of maltreatment. Parents were trained in treating children's illnesses & maximizing their own health-care skills (Health), positive & effective parent-child interaction skills (Parenting), & maintaining low hazard homes (Safety). The effectiveness of these training components was evaluated as the change in the parents' scores on roleplay situations for child health problems, hazards present in the home, & the frequency & quality of parent-child interactions during activities of daily living. Statistically significant improvements were seen in child health care, home safety, & parent-child interactions. 6 Tables, 41 References. Adapted from the source document. JF - Journal of Family Violence AU - Gershater-Molko, Ronit M AU - Lutzker, John R AU - Wesch, David AD - c/o Lutzker -- Division Violence Prevention, National Center Injury Prevention & Control, Centers Disease Control & Prevention, Atlanta, GA Y1 - 2003/12// PY - 2003 DA - December 2003 SP - 377 EP - 386 VL - 18 IS - 6 SN - 0885-7482, 0885-7482 KW - Parent Training KW - Intervention KW - Family Violence KW - Program Evaluation KW - Childrearing Practices KW - Child Abuse KW - article KW - 6143: child & family welfare UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/61496586?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Asocialservices&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Family+Violence&rft.atitle=Project+SafeCare%3A+Improving+Health%2C+Safety%2C+and+Parenting+Skills+in+Families+Reported+for%2C+and+At-Risk+for+Child+Maltreatment&rft.au=Gershater-Molko%2C+Ronit+M%3BLutzker%2C+John+R%3BWesch%2C+David&rft.aulast=Gershater-Molko&rft.aufirst=Ronit&rft.date=2003-12-01&rft.volume=18&rft.issue=6&rft.spage=377&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+Family+Violence&rft.issn=08857482&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - Social Services Abstracts N1 - Date revised - 2007-05-01 N1 - Number of references - 41 N1 - Last updated - 2016-09-28 N1 - CODEN - JFVIEV N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Parent Training; Family Violence; Child Abuse; Childrearing Practices; Intervention; Program Evaluation ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Limitations of monoclonal antibodies for monitoring of fungal aerosols using Penicillium brevicompactum as a model fungus AN - 19257205; 5848937 AB - Molds are ubiquitous in every environment and many species have been recently associated with an increase in opportunistic infections in immunocompromised patients or the exacerbation of asthmatic episodes in allergic patients. The degree of environmental contamination with fungi thus needs to be monitored and in this study we report the development of a monoclonal antibody (mAb)-mediated enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) for the detection of spores of Penicillium brevicompactum in experimental model aerosols. In addition, we have investigated the influence of different parameters of air sampling and sample recovery on ELISA performance. MAbs were produced with standard hybridoma techniques and cross-reactivities were determined against spores of 53 fungal species by indirect ELISA. Standardized experimental fungal aerosols were collected with the Button Personal Inhalable Aerosol Sampler onto polycarbonate or polytetrafluoroethylene filters (PTFE) and the effects of different extraction buffers and filter agitation methods during sample processing on spore recovery and ELISA detection were investigated. Five mAbs were produced and all of them cross-reacted with several of 31 related Aspergillus, Penicillium and Eurotium species. However, cross-reactivities with 21 non-related fungi were rare. Spores were recovered in much higher numbers from polycarbonate filters (PFs) than from polytetrafluoroethylene filters. Optical densities (ODs) in ELISA were higher for spores collected into carbonate coating buffer (CCB) than phosphate-buffered saline (PBS). Filter bath sonication following filter vortexing had no positive effects on ELISA sensitivity. The cross-reactivity patterns of mAbs suggest that Aspergillus and Penicillium species share multiple antigens. Quantitative ELISA results for fungal aerosols were found to be influenced by differential sample processing and thus method standardization will be essential to maintain the comparability of immunometric monitoring results. JF - Journal of Immunological Methods AU - Schmechel, D AU - Gorny, R L AU - Simpson, J P AU - Reponen, T AU - Grinshpun, SA AU - Lewis, D M AD - Health Effects Laboratory Division, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, 1095 Willowdale Road, M/S H-4218, Morgantown, WV 26505, USA, dschmechel@cdc.gov Y1 - 2003/12// PY - 2003 DA - Dec 2003 SP - 235 EP - 245 PB - Elsevier B.V. VL - 283 IS - 1-2 SN - 0022-1759, 0022-1759 KW - Immunology Abstracts; Microbiology Abstracts C: Algology, Mycology & Protozoology; Toxicology Abstracts KW - Cross-reactivity KW - Penicillium brevicompactum KW - Aspergillus KW - Standardization KW - Antigens KW - Buffers KW - Optical density KW - Eurotium KW - Aerosols KW - Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay KW - Monoclonal antibodies KW - Fungi KW - Sonication KW - Filters KW - Spores KW - K 03086:Immunology & vaccination KW - X 24171:Microbial KW - F 06711:Monoclonal antibodies, hybridomas, antigens and antisera UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/19257205?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxicologyabstracts&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Immunological+Methods&rft.atitle=Limitations+of+monoclonal+antibodies+for+monitoring+of+fungal+aerosols+using+Penicillium+brevicompactum+as+a+model+fungus&rft.au=Schmechel%2C+D%3BGorny%2C+R+L%3BSimpson%2C+J+P%3BReponen%2C+T%3BGrinshpun%2C+SA%3BLewis%2C+D+M&rft.aulast=Schmechel&rft.aufirst=D&rft.date=2003-12-01&rft.volume=283&rft.issue=1-2&rft.spage=235&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+Immunological+Methods&rft.issn=00221759&rft_id=info:doi/10.1016%2Fj.jim.2003.09.012 LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Penicillium brevicompactum; Aspergillus; Eurotium; Monoclonal antibodies; Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay; Spores; Aerosols; Buffers; Cross-reactivity; Filters; Fungi; Standardization; Sonication; Optical density; Antigens DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jim.2003.09.012 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Development of a Multitarget Real-Time TaqMan PCR Assay for Enhanced Detection of Francisella tularensis in Complex Specimens AN - 19234274; 5777632 AB - Tularemia is the zoonotic disease caused by the gram-negative coccobacillus Francisella tularensis. Its wide distribution in the environment poses a challenge for understanding the transmission, ecology, and epidemiology of the disease. F. tularensis is also considered a potential biological weapon due to its extreme infectivity. We have developed a multitarget real-time TaqMan PCR assay capable of rapidly and accurately detecting F. tularensis in complex specimens. Targeted regions included the ISFtu2 element and the 23kDa, fopA, and tul4 genes. Analysis of the four TaqMan assays demonstrated that three (ISFtu2, 23kDa, and tul4) performed within our established criterion of a detection limit of one organism. The combined use of the three assays was highly specific, displaying no cross-reactivity with the non-Francisella bacteria tested and capable of differentially diagnosing both F. tularensis and Francisella philomiragia. When the multitarget TaqMan assay (ISFtu2, 23kDa, and tul4) was compared to culturing, using environmentally contaminated specimens, the TaqMan PCR assay was significantly more sensitive than culturing (P <= 0.05). The sensitive and specific nature of this rapid multitarget TaqMan assay provides a valuable new tool that with future evaluations can be used for analyzing clinical specimens, field samples during bioterrorism threat assessment, and samples from outbreaks and for improving our understanding of the ecology and environmental prevalence of F. tularensis. JF - Journal of Clinical Microbiology AU - Versage, J L AU - Severin, DDM AU - Chu, M C AU - Petersen, J M AD - Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Division of Vector-Borne Infectious Diseases, Foothills Campus, P.O. Box 2087, Ft. Collins, CO 80522, nzp0@cdc.gov Y1 - 2003/12// PY - 2003 DA - Dec 2003 SP - 5492 EP - 5499 PB - American Society for Microbiology, 1752 N Street N.W. Washington, DC 20036 USA, [URL:http://www.asm.org/] VL - 41 IS - 12 SN - 0095-1137, 0095-1137 KW - bioterrorism KW - Microbiology Abstracts B: Bacteriology KW - Ecology KW - Francisella philomiragia KW - Cross-reactivity KW - Epidemiology KW - Transmission KW - Polymerase chain reaction KW - Francisella tularensis KW - Outbreaks KW - Development KW - Specimens KW - J 02704:Enumeration UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/19234274?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologyb&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Clinical+Microbiology&rft.atitle=Development+of+a+Multitarget+Real-Time+TaqMan+PCR+Assay+for+Enhanced+Detection+of+Francisella+tularensis+in+Complex+Specimens&rft.au=Versage%2C+J+L%3BSeverin%2C+DDM%3BChu%2C+M+C%3BPetersen%2C+J+M&rft.aulast=Versage&rft.aufirst=J&rft.date=2003-12-01&rft.volume=41&rft.issue=12&rft.spage=5492&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+Clinical+Microbiology&rft.issn=00951137&rft_id=info:doi/10.1128%2FJCM.41.12.5492-5499.2003 LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Francisella tularensis; Francisella philomiragia; Cross-reactivity; Specimens; Polymerase chain reaction; Ecology; Transmission; Development; Epidemiology; Outbreaks DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/JCM.41.12.5492-5499.2003 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Contact tracing: comparing the approaches for sexually transmitted diseases and tuberculosis AN - 19230888; 5799595 AB - Literature review for the process of contact tracing for sexually transmitted diseases (STD) and for tuberculosis (TB), focusing on articles that report results of studies or commentary. Objective: To compare and contrast contact tracing in order to highlight emerging commonalities. DESIGN: A descriptive review, based on Medline search with augmentation from other published and unpublished sources. Results: Contact tracing for STD and TB have some obvious differences because of differing routes of transmission, differing sensibilities required to work with the affected populations, a different potential for anonymous contacts, and a major difference in the epidemiologic value of biomarkers. Nonetheless, the convergence of these processes on disadvantaged populations where drug use and sexual activity are important social factors has engendered an increasing similarity. Conclusion: A broadened approach to both, with greater attention to how ancillary contacts and associates may be of use in interrupting deeply embedded endemic disease transmission, deserves further study. Some newer approaches in the use of network-informed methods to elicit contacts and investigate the community dynamics of transmission may be of particular value in TB case investigation. These strategies will be enhanced by the availability of DNA fingerprinting, a powerful biomarker of recent Mycobacterium tuberculosis transmission and case association (a technology not available for STD contact tracing). JF - International Journal of Tuberculosis and Lung Disease AU - Rothenberg, R B AU - McElroy, P D AU - Wilce, MA AU - Muth, S Q AD - Division of Tuberculosis Elimination, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, 1600 Clifton Road, Mailstop E-10, Atlanta, GA 30333, USA, pgm9@cdc.gov Y1 - 2003/12// PY - 2003 DA - Dec 2003 SP - S342 EP - S348 VL - 7 IS - 12 SN - 1027-3719, 1027-3719 KW - Microbiology Abstracts B: Bacteriology KW - Sexually-transmitted diseases KW - Reviews KW - Tuberculosis KW - biomarkers KW - Mycobacterium tuberculosis KW - J 02855:Human Bacteriology: Others UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/19230888?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologyb&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=International+Journal+of+Tuberculosis+and+Lung+Disease&rft.atitle=Contact+tracing%3A+comparing+the+approaches+for+sexually+transmitted+diseases+and+tuberculosis&rft.au=Rothenberg%2C+R+B%3BMcElroy%2C+P+D%3BWilce%2C+MA%3BMuth%2C+S+Q&rft.aulast=Rothenberg&rft.aufirst=R&rft.date=2003-12-01&rft.volume=7&rft.issue=12&rft.spage=S342&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=International+Journal+of+Tuberculosis+and+Lung+Disease&rft.issn=10273719&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - SuppNotes - Supplement: Tuberculosis Contact Investigations. N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Mycobacterium tuberculosis; biomarkers; Sexually-transmitted diseases; Tuberculosis; Reviews ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Accuracy of Six Commercially Available Systems for Identification of Members of the Family Vibrionaceae AN - 19226646; 5777602 AB - Six commercially available bacterial identification products were tested with Vibrio alginolyticus (12 strains), V. cholerae (30 strains), Photobacterium (Vibrio) damselae (10 strains), V. fluvialis (10 strains), V. furnissii (4 strains), V. hollisae (10 strains), V. metschnikovii (9 strains), V. mimicus (10 strains), V. parahaemolyticus (30 strains), and V. vulnificus (10 strains) to determine the accuracy of each system for identification. The products included API 20E, Crystal E/NF, MicroScan Neg ID2 and Rapid Neg ID3, and Vitek GNI+ and ID-GNB. Each product was tested only with those species that were listed in its database. Overall, the systems correctly identified 63.9, 80.9, 63.1, 73.6, 73.5, and 77.7% of the isolates to species level, respectively. Error rates ranged from 0.8% for the API 20E to 10.4% for the Rapid Neg ID3. The API 20E gave "no identification" for 13.1% of the isolates, while the Neg ID2, GNI+, ID-GNB, and Crystal were unable to identify 1.8, 2.9, 5.0, and 6.9%, respectively. For V. cholerae, specifically, accuracy ranged from 50.0 to 96.7%, with the API 20E having the worst performance and Crystal having the best. V. fluvialis presented the biggest challenge for the API 20E and the GNI+, with probabilities averaging 10%, while V. mimicus was a major problem with the Crystal E/NF, which identified none of the strains correctly. With the Neg ID2, correct answers were often obtained only after a modified inoculation of the panel with a bacterial suspension prepared with 0.85% NaCl. Additional tests required for identification often included growth in the absence of NaCl, which is not readily available in most clinical laboratories. The only product to correctly identify at least 90% of V. cholerae strains was the Crystal E/NF, and only three of the six products, the API 20E and both of the Vitek cards, correctly identified more than 90% of the V. parahaemolyticus strains. Thus, extreme care must be taken in the interpretation of answers from these six commercially available systems for the identification of Vibrio species. JF - Journal of Clinical Microbiology AU - O'Hara, C M AU - Sowers, E G AU - Bopp, CA AU - Duda, S B AU - Strockbine, NA AD - Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Mailstop C16, Atlanta, GA 30333, cmo1@cdc.gov Y1 - 2003/12// PY - 2003 DA - Dec 2003 SP - 5654 EP - 5659 PB - American Society for Microbiology, 1752 N Street N.W. Washington, DC 20036 USA, [URL:http://www.asm.org/] VL - 41 IS - 12 SN - 0095-1137, 0095-1137 KW - commercial products KW - Microbiology Abstracts B: Bacteriology KW - Vibrionaceae KW - Identification KW - J 02704:Enumeration UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/19226646?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologyb&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Clinical+Microbiology&rft.atitle=Accuracy+of+Six+Commercially+Available+Systems+for+Identification+of+Members+of+the+Family+Vibrionaceae&rft.au=O%27Hara%2C+C+M%3BSowers%2C+E+G%3BBopp%2C+CA%3BDuda%2C+S+B%3BStrockbine%2C+NA&rft.aulast=O%27Hara&rft.aufirst=C&rft.date=2003-12-01&rft.volume=41&rft.issue=12&rft.spage=5654&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+Clinical+Microbiology&rft.issn=00951137&rft_id=info:doi/10.1128%2FJCM.41.12.5654-5659.2003 LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Vibrionaceae; Identification DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/JCM.41.12.5654-5659.2003 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Evaluation of a PCR Assay for Quantitation of Rickettsia rickettsii and Closely Related Spotted Fever Group Rickettsiae AN - 19225555; 5777572 AB - A spotted fever rickettsia quantitative PCR assay (SQ-PCR) was developed for the detection and enumeration of Rickettsia rickettsii and other closely related spotted fever group rickettsiae. The assay is based on fluorescence detection of SYBR Green dye intercalation in a 154-bp fragment of the rOmpA gene during amplification by PCR. As few as 5 copies of the rOmpA gene of R. rickettsii can be detected. SQ-PCR is suitable for quantitation of R. rickettsii and 10 other genotypes of spotted fever group rickettsiae but not for R. akari, R. australis, R. bellii, or typhus group rickettsiae. The sensitivity of SQ-PCR was comparable to that of a plaque assay using centrifugation for inoculation. The SQ-PCR assay was applied successfully to the characterization of rickettsial stock cultures, the replication of rickettsiae in cell culture, the recovery of rickettsial DNA following different methods of extraction, and the quantitation of rickettsial loads in infected animal tissues, clinical samples, and ticks. JF - Journal of Clinical Microbiology AU - Eremeeva, ME AU - Dasch, G A AU - Silverman, D J AD - Viral and Rickettsial Zoonoses Branch, National Center for Infectious Diseases, Mail Stop G-13, 1600 Clifton Rd. NE, Atlanta, GA 30333, mge6@cdc.gov Y1 - 2003/12// PY - 2003 DA - Dec 2003 SP - 5466 EP - 5472 PB - American Society for Microbiology, 1752 N Street N.W. Washington, DC 20036 USA, [URL:http://www.asm.org/] VL - 41 IS - 12 SN - 0095-1137, 0095-1137 KW - ompA gene KW - Microbiology Abstracts B: Bacteriology KW - Spotted fevers KW - Fluorescence KW - Replication KW - Polymerase chain reaction KW - Cell culture KW - Rickettsia rickettsii KW - Genotypes KW - J 02704:Enumeration UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/19225555?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologyb&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Clinical+Microbiology&rft.atitle=Evaluation+of+a+PCR+Assay+for+Quantitation+of+Rickettsia+rickettsii+and+Closely+Related+Spotted+Fever+Group+Rickettsiae&rft.au=Eremeeva%2C+ME%3BDasch%2C+G+A%3BSilverman%2C+D+J&rft.aulast=Eremeeva&rft.aufirst=ME&rft.date=2003-12-01&rft.volume=41&rft.issue=12&rft.spage=5466&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+Clinical+Microbiology&rft.issn=00951137&rft_id=info:doi/10.1128%2FJCM.41.12.5466-5472.2003 LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Last updated - 2015-03-24 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Fluorescence; Spotted fevers; Replication; Polymerase chain reaction; Cell culture; Genotypes; Rickettsia rickettsii DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/JCM.41.12.5466-5472.2003 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Results of testing for human immunodeficiency virus infection among recent contacts of infectious tuberculosis cases in the United States AN - 19225061; 5799600 AB - CONTEXT: Persons with recently acquired latent tuberculosis (TB) infection and human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) co-infection are at high risk of rapid progression to TB disease. OBJECTIVES: To determine the proportion of close contacts of infectious TB patients tested for HIV, and the results of HIV testing for this group. DESIGN, SETTING AND SUBJECTS: Review of health department records for all close contacts of 349 patients with culture-positive pulmonary TB aged 15 years or older reported from five study areas in the United States in 1996. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Proportion of close contacts of TB patients tested for HIV, and rate of HIV infection among close contacts of TB patients. RESULTS: A total of 1169 close contacts were identified for 349 patients with active pulmonary TB. HIV test results were available for 224 (64%) TB patients and 220 (19%) close contacts. Of the TB patients tested, 164 (73%) were HIV-negative and 60 (27%) were HIV-positive. An equal proportion of close contacts of HIV-positive and -negative TB patients were tested (21% vs. 24%). Of the close contacts tested, 201 (91%) were HIV-negative and 19 (9%) were HIV-positive. Compared with close contacts of HIV-negative TB patients, close contacts of HIV-positive TB patients were more likely to be HIV-positive (53% vs. 2%; P 44 years of age (22% vs. 2%; P < 0.05). CONCLUSIONS: HIV-positive TB patients and their close contacts may share some of the same risk factors for HIV infection. These findings suggest that the HIV status of the TB patient, in addition to established risk factors for HIV infection, may be an important consideration for prioritizing voluntary HIV counseling and testing efforts among close contacts of infectious TB patients. JF - International Journal of Tuberculosis and Lung Disease AU - Reichler, M R AU - Bur, S AU - Reves, R AU - Mangura, B AU - Thompson, V AU - Ford, J AU - Castro, K G AD - Division of TB Elimination, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Mail Stop E-10, 1600 Clifton Road, Atlanta, GA 30333, USA, mrr3@cdc.gov Y1 - 2003/12// PY - 2003 DA - Dec 2003 SP - S471 EP - S478 VL - 7 IS - 12 SN - 1027-3719, 1027-3719 KW - HIV KW - Virology & AIDS Abstracts; Microbiology Abstracts B: Bacteriology KW - Infection KW - Disease transmission KW - USA KW - Human immunodeficiency virus KW - Risk factors KW - Tuberculosis KW - Mycobacterium tuberculosis KW - J 02845:Ear, nose and respiratory tract KW - V 22004:AIDS: Clinical aspects UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/19225061?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologyb&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=International+Journal+of+Tuberculosis+and+Lung+Disease&rft.atitle=Results+of+testing+for+human+immunodeficiency+virus+infection+among+recent+contacts+of+infectious+tuberculosis+cases+in+the+United+States&rft.au=Reichler%2C+M+R%3BBur%2C+S%3BReves%2C+R%3BMangura%2C+B%3BThompson%2C+V%3BFord%2C+J%3BCastro%2C+K+G&rft.aulast=Reichler&rft.aufirst=M&rft.date=2003-12-01&rft.volume=7&rft.issue=12&rft.spage=S471&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=International+Journal+of+Tuberculosis+and+Lung+Disease&rft.issn=10273719&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - SuppNotes - Supplement: Tuberculosis Contact Investigations. N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Mycobacterium tuberculosis; Human immunodeficiency virus; USA; Risk factors; Disease transmission; Infection; Tuberculosis ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Bacteriolytic Activity of Selected Vertebrate Sera for Borrelia Burgdorferi Sensu Stricto and Borrelia Bissettii AN - 19220064; 5808492 AB - An in vitro assay to evaluate the bacteriolytic activity of the complement pathway was applied to 2 strains of Borrelia bissettii, CO501 and DN127, and compared with that of B. burgdorferi sensu stricto B31. Sera from mule deer (Odocoileus hemionus) and the Western Fence lizard (Sceloporus occidentalis) were completely borreliacidal for B. burgdorferi and for both strains of B. bissettii. Serum from Bobwhite quail (Colinus virginianus) was nonlytic for B. burgdorferi and partially lytic for B. bissettii strains, CO-501 and DN127. Serum from a New Zealand White rabbit (Oryctolagus cuniculus) was partially lytic for all 3 strains of Borrelia, whereas serum from white-footed mice (Peromyscus leucopus) were nonlytic for all 3 Borrelia strains. The spectrum of complement sensitivity of B. bissettii appears to be similar to that of European B. afzelii in that tested rodent serum is not lytic to these 2 genospecies. Interestingly, both B. bissettii and B. afzelii have been found to be closely associated with rodents. Complement sensitivity demonstrated in these experiments may suggest and possibly predict specific reservoir-host associations. JF - Journal of Parasitology AU - Ullmann, A J AU - Lane, R S AU - Kurtenbach, K AU - Miller, M AU - Schriefer, ME AU - Zeidner, N AU - Piesman, J AD - Division of Vector-Borne Infectious Diseases, National Center for Infectious Diseases, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Fort Collins, Colorado 80522, aff1@cdc.gov Y1 - 2003/12// PY - 2003 DA - Dec 2003 SP - 1256 EP - 1257 PB - American Society of Parasitologists VL - 89 IS - 6 SN - 0022-3395, 0022-3395 KW - rabbits KW - Mule deer KW - Lizards KW - quail KW - Sauria KW - Microbiology Abstracts B: Bacteriology KW - Animals KW - Serum KW - Borrelia burgdorferi KW - Complement KW - Disease reservoirs KW - Odocoileus hemionus KW - Borrelia bissettii KW - Lacertilia KW - Bactericidal activity KW - J 02814:Drug resistance UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/19220064?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologyb&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Parasitology&rft.atitle=Bacteriolytic+Activity+of+Selected+Vertebrate+Sera+for+Borrelia+Burgdorferi+Sensu+Stricto+and+Borrelia+Bissettii&rft.au=Ullmann%2C+A+J%3BLane%2C+R+S%3BKurtenbach%2C+K%3BMiller%2C+M%3BSchriefer%2C+ME%3BZeidner%2C+N%3BPiesman%2C+J&rft.aulast=Ullmann&rft.aufirst=A&rft.date=2003-12-01&rft.volume=89&rft.issue=6&rft.spage=1256&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+Parasitology&rft.issn=00223395&rft_id=info:doi/10.1043%2F0022-3395%282003%29089%281256%3ABAOSVS%292.0.CO%3B2 L2 - http://journals.allenpress.com/jrnlserv/?request=get-abstract&issn=0022-3395&volume=89&page=1256 LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Lacertilia; Odocoileus hemionus; Borrelia burgdorferi; Borrelia bissettii; Serum; Bactericidal activity; Animals; Complement; Disease reservoirs DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1043/0022-3395(2003)089(1256:BAOSVS)2.0.CO;2 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Effects of physical activity on exercise tests and respiratory function AN - 19219455; 5798894 AB - Background: Exercise is an important component of pulmonary rehabilitation for patients with chronic lung disease. Objective: To explore the role of physical activity in maintaining cardiac and respiratory function in healthy people. Methods: Cardiorespiratory fitness was measured by a maximal treadmill test (MTT), and respiratory function was tested by spirometry. The cross sectional study included data from 24 536 healthy persons who were examined at the Cooper Clinic between 1971 and 1995; the longitudinal study included data from 5707 healthy persons who had an initial visit between 1971 and 1995 and a subsequent visit during the next five years. All participants were aged 25-55 years and completed a cardiorespiratory test and a medical questionnaire. Results: In the cross sectional study, after controlling for covariates, being active and not being a recent smoker were associated with better cardiorespiratory fitness and respiratory function in both men and women. In the follow up study, persons who remained or became active had better MTT than persons who remained or became sedentary. Men who remained active had higher forced expiratory volume in one second (FEV sub(1)) and forced vital capacity (FVC) than the other groups. Smoking was related to lower cardiorespiratory fitness and respiratory function. Conclusions: Physical activity and non-smoking or smoking cessation is associated with maintenance of cardiorespiratory fitness. Change in physical activity habits is associated with change in cardiorespiratory fitness, but respiratory function contributed little to this association during a five year follow up. JF - British Journal of Sports Medicine AU - Cheng, Y J AU - Macera, CA AU - Addy, CL AU - Sy, F S AU - Wieland, D AU - Blair, S N AD - 2858 Woodcock Blvd, Davidson Bldg, K-10, Atlanta, GA 30341, USA, ycc1@cdc.gov Y1 - 2003/12/01/ PY - 2003 DA - 2003 Dec 01 SP - 521 EP - 528 VL - 37 IS - 6 SN - 0306-3674, 0306-3674 KW - Physical Education Index KW - Fitness KW - Heart KW - Rehabilitation KW - Respiration KW - Tests KW - Lungs KW - Health KW - Patients KW - Diseases KW - Exercise KW - PE 090:Sports Medicine & Exercise Sport Science UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/19219455?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aphysicaleducation&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=British+Journal+of+Sports+Medicine&rft.atitle=Effects+of+physical+activity+on+exercise+tests+and+respiratory+function&rft.au=Cheng%2C+Y+J%3BMacera%2C+CA%3BAddy%2C+CL%3BSy%2C+F+S%3BWieland%2C+D%3BBlair%2C+S+N&rft.aulast=Cheng&rft.aufirst=Y&rft.date=2003-12-01&rft.volume=37&rft.issue=6&rft.spage=521&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=British+Journal+of+Sports+Medicine&rft.issn=03063674&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - Physical Education Index N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Exercise; Tests; Respiration; Lungs; Patients; Rehabilitation; Diseases; Heart; Health; Fitness ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Genotyping in contact investigations: a CDC perspective AN - 19212014; 5799597 AB - Genotyping of Mycobacterium tuberculosis isolates has been widely used to support investigations of outbreaks and as a tool for studying transmission dynamics and other aspects of tuberculosis epidemiology. Its applications to contact investigations are more limited. Targeted typing can be used to confirm or disprove suspected relationships among cases. Universal typing of isolates can be used to identify unsuspected transmission and broaden the scope of contact investigations. In order to properly use the results, one must understand the nature of the changes in the M. tuberculosis genome that produce the heterogeneity reflected in the genotypes, and understand the discriminatory power of the various methods. IS6110 fingerprinting provides the highest discriminatory power, but can be a slow process. Spoligotyping and MIRU-VNTR are PCR-based methods that provide faster turnaround and produce digital results that facilitate comparisons. Appropriately used, isolate genotyping can be a useful adjunct to standard contact investigations. JF - International Journal of Tuberculosis and Lung Disease AU - Crawford, J T AD - Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Mailstop F-08, 1600 Clifton Rd, N E, Atlanta, GA 30333, USA, jcrawford@cdc.gov Y1 - 2003/12// PY - 2003 DA - Dec 2003 SP - S453 EP - S457 VL - 7 IS - 12 SN - 1027-3719, 1027-3719 KW - Microbiology Abstracts B: Bacteriology KW - Epidemiology KW - Genotyping KW - Polymerase chain reaction KW - Outbreaks KW - Disease transmission KW - Mycobacterium tuberculosis KW - J 02845:Ear, nose and respiratory tract UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/19212014?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologyb&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=International+Journal+of+Tuberculosis+and+Lung+Disease&rft.atitle=Genotyping+in+contact+investigations%3A+a+CDC+perspective&rft.au=Crawford%2C+J+T&rft.aulast=Crawford&rft.aufirst=J&rft.date=2003-12-01&rft.volume=7&rft.issue=12&rft.spage=S453&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=International+Journal+of+Tuberculosis+and+Lung+Disease&rft.issn=10273719&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - SuppNotes - Supplement: Tuberculosis Contact Investigations. N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Mycobacterium tuberculosis; Genotyping; Outbreaks; Disease transmission; Epidemiology; Polymerase chain reaction ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Carbapenem-Resistant Strain of Klebsiella oxytoca Harboring Carbapenem- Hydrolyzing beta -Lactamase KPC-2 AN - 19186260; 5763666 AB - We investigated a Klebsiella oxytoca isolate demonstrating resistance to imipenem, meropenem, extended-spectrum cephalosporins, and aztreonam. The MICs of both imipenem and meropenem were 32 mu g/ml. The beta -lactamase activity against imipenem and meropenem was inhibited in the presence of clavulanic acid. Isoelectric focusing studies demonstrated five beta -lactamases with pIs of 8.2 (SHV-46), 6.7 (KPC-2), 6.5 (unknown), 6.4 (probable OXY-2), and 5.4 (TEM-1). The presence of the bla sub(SHV) and bla sub(TEM) genes was confirmed by specific PCR assays and DNA sequence analysis. Transformation and conjugation studies with Escherichia coli showed that the beta -lactamase with a pI of 6.7, Klebsiella pneumoniae carbapenemase-2 (KPC-2), was encoded on an approximately 70-kb conjugative plasmid that also carried SHV-46, TEM-1, and the beta -lactamase with a pI of 6.5. The bla sub(KPC-2) determinant was cloned in E. coli and conferred resistance to imipenem, meropenem, extended-spectrum cephalosporins, and aztreonam. The amino acid sequence of KPC-2 showed a single amino acid difference, S174G, when compared with KPC-1, another carbapenem-hydrolyzing beta -lactamase from K. pneumoniae 1534. Hydrolysis studies showed that purified KPC-2 hydrolyzed not only carbapenems but also penicillins, cephalosporins, and aztreonam. KPC-2 had the highest affinity for meropenem. The kinetic studies revealed that KPC-2 was inhibited by clavulanic acid and tazobactam. An examination of the outer membrane proteins of the parent K. oxytoca strain demonstrated that it expressed detectable levels of OmpK36 (the homolog of OmpC) and a higher-molecular-weight OmpK35 (the homolog of OmpF). Thus, carbapenem resistance in K. oxytoca 3127 is due to production of the Bush group 2f, class A, carbapenem-hydrolyzing beta -lactamase KPC-2. This beta -lactamase is likely located on a transposon that is part of a conjugative plasmid and thus has a very high potential for dissemination. JF - Antimicrobial Agents & Chemotherapy AU - Yigit, H AU - Queenan, A M AU - Rasheed, J K AU - Biddle, J W AU - Domenech-Sanchez, A AU - Alberti, S AU - Bush, K AU - Tenover, F C AD - Division of Healthcare Quality Promotion (G08), Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, 1600 Clifton Rd., Atlanta, GA 30333, fnt1@cdc.gov Y1 - 2003/12// PY - 2003 DA - Dec 2003 SP - 3881 EP - 3889 PB - American Society for Microbiology, 1752 N Street N.W. Washington, DC 20036 USA, [URL:http://www.asm.org/] VL - 47 IS - 12 SN - 0066-4804, 0066-4804 KW - Microbiology Abstracts B: Bacteriology KW - Aztreonam KW - Cephalosporins KW - Nucleotide sequence KW - Carbapenems KW - Polymerase chain reaction KW - Plasmids KW - ^b-Lactamase KW - Penicillin KW - Klebsiella pneumoniae KW - J 02785:Beta-lactam antibiotics UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/19186260?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologyb&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Antimicrobial+Agents+%26+Chemotherapy&rft.atitle=Carbapenem-Resistant+Strain+of+Klebsiella+oxytoca+Harboring+Carbapenem-+Hydrolyzing+beta+-Lactamase+KPC-2&rft.au=Yigit%2C+H%3BQueenan%2C+A+M%3BRasheed%2C+J+K%3BBiddle%2C+J+W%3BDomenech-Sanchez%2C+A%3BAlberti%2C+S%3BBush%2C+K%3BTenover%2C+F+C&rft.aulast=Yigit&rft.aufirst=H&rft.date=2003-12-01&rft.volume=47&rft.issue=12&rft.spage=3881&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Antimicrobial+Agents+%26+Chemotherapy&rft.issn=00664804&rft_id=info:doi/10.1128%2FAAC.47.12.3881-3889.2003 LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Klebsiella pneumoniae; Plasmids; ^b-Lactamase; Penicillin; Cephalosporins; Aztreonam; Polymerase chain reaction; Nucleotide sequence; Carbapenems DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/AAC.47.12.3881-3889.2003 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - ethA, inhA, and katG Loci of Ethionamide-Resistant Clinical Mycobacterium tuberculosis Isolates AN - 19167738; 5763654 AB - Ethionamide (ETH) is a structural analog of the antituberculosis drug isoniazid (INH). Both of these drugs target InhA, an enzyme involved in mycolic acid biosynthesis. INH requires catalase-peroxidase (KatG) activation, and mutations in katG are a major INH resistance mechanism. Recently an enzyme (EthA) capable of activating ETH has been identified. We sequenced the entire ethA structural gene of 41 ETH-resistant Mycobacterium tuberculosis isolates. We also sequenced two regions of inhA and all or part of katG. The MICs of ETH and INH were determined in order to associate the mutations identified with a resistance phenotype. Fifteen isolates were found to possess ethA mutations, for all of which the ETH MICs were => 50 mu g/ml. The ethA mutations were all different, previously unreported, and distributed throughout the gene. In eight of the isolates, a missense mutation in the inhA structural gene occurred. The ETH MICs for seven of the InhA mutants were => 100 mu g/ml, and these isolates were also resistant to => 8 mu g of INH per ml. Only a single point mutation in the inhA promoter was identified in 14 isolates. A katG mutation occurred in 15 isolates, for which the INH MICs for all but 1 were => 32 mu g/ml. As expected, we found no association between katG mutation and the level of ETH resistance. Mutations within the ethA and inhA structural genes were associated with relatively high levels of ETH resistance. Approximately 76% of isolates resistant to => 50 mu g of ETH per ml had such mutations. JF - Antimicrobial Agents & Chemotherapy AU - Morlock, G P AU - Metchock, B AU - Sikes, D AU - Crawford, J T AU - Cooksey, R C AD - Tuberculosis/Mycobacteriology Branch, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Mail stop F-08, Atlanta, GA 30333., gmorlock@cdc.gov Y1 - 2003/12// PY - 2003 DA - Dec 2003 SP - 3799 EP - 3805 PB - American Society for Microbiology, 1752 N Street N.W. Washington, DC 20036 USA, [URL:http://www.asm.org/] VL - 47 IS - 12 SN - 0066-4804, 0066-4804 KW - ethA gene KW - ethionamide KW - inhA gene KW - katG gene KW - Microbiology Abstracts B: Bacteriology KW - Tuberculosis KW - Minimum inhibitory concentration KW - Mutation KW - Mycolic acids KW - Mycobacterium tuberculosis KW - J 02814:Drug resistance KW - J 02740:Genetics and evolution UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/19167738?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologyb&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Antimicrobial+Agents+%26+Chemotherapy&rft.atitle=ethA%2C+inhA%2C+and+katG+Loci+of+Ethionamide-Resistant+Clinical+Mycobacterium+tuberculosis+Isolates&rft.au=Morlock%2C+G+P%3BMetchock%2C+B%3BSikes%2C+D%3BCrawford%2C+J+T%3BCooksey%2C+R+C&rft.aulast=Morlock&rft.aufirst=G&rft.date=2003-12-01&rft.volume=47&rft.issue=12&rft.spage=3799&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Antimicrobial+Agents+%26+Chemotherapy&rft.issn=00664804&rft_id=info:doi/10.1128%2FAAC.47.12.3799-3805.2003 LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Mycobacterium tuberculosis; Mutation; Tuberculosis; Mycolic acids; Minimum inhibitory concentration DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/AAC.47.12.3799-3805.2003 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Assessment of factors affecting the validity of self-reported health-risk behavior among adolescents: evidence from the scientific literature AN - 18064657; 5794124 AB - We reviewed the existing empirical literature to assess cognitive and situational factors that may affect the validity of adolescents' self-reports of alcohol and other drug use, tobacco use, behaviors related to unintentional injuries and violence, dietary behaviors, physical activity, and sexual behavior. Specifically, we searched for peer-reviewed journal articles published in 1980 or later that examined the factors affecting self-report of the six categories of behavior listed above. We also searched for studies describing objective measures for each behavior. Self-reports of each of six types of health-risk behaviors are affected by both cognitive and situational factors. These factors, however, do not threaten the validity of self-reports of each type of behavior equally. The importance of assessing health-risk behaviors as part of research activities involving adolescents necessitates the use of self- report measures. Researchers should familiarize themselves with the threats to validity inherent in this type of assessment and design research that minimizes these threats as much as possible. JF - Journal of Adolescent Health AU - Brener, N D AU - Billy, JOG AU - Grady, W R AD - Division of Adolescent and School Health, National Center for Chronic Disease Prevention and Health Promotion, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia, USA (N.D.B.), nad1@cdc.gov Y1 - 2003/12// PY - 2003 DA - Dec 2003 SP - 436 EP - 457 PB - Elsevier Science Ltd., The Boulevard Langford Lane Kidlington Oxford OX5 1GB UK, [mailto:usinfo-f@elsevier.com], [URL:http://www.elsevier.nl] VL - 33 IS - 6 SN - 1054-139X, 1054-139X KW - sexual behavior KW - Risk Abstracts KW - R2 23060:Medical and environmental health UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/18064657?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Ariskabstracts&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Adolescent+Health&rft.atitle=Assessment+of+factors+affecting+the+validity+of+self-reported+health-risk+behavior+among+adolescents%3A+evidence+from+the+scientific+literature&rft.au=Brener%2C+N+D%3BBilly%2C+JOG%3BGrady%2C+W+R&rft.aulast=Brener&rft.aufirst=N&rft.date=2003-12-01&rft.volume=33&rft.issue=6&rft.spage=436&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+Adolescent+Health&rft.issn=1054139X&rft_id=info:doi/10.1016%2FS1054-139X%2803%2900052-1 LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S1054-139X(03)00052-1 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Surveillance of smokeless tobacco nicotine, pH, moisture, and unprotonated nicotine content AN - 17904511; 5858559 AB - Smokeless tobacco is a complex chemical mixture, including not only the components of the tobacco leaf but also chemicals added during the manufacturing process. Smokeless tobacco contains the addictive chemical nicotine and more than 20 cancer-causing chemicals, including the potent tobacco-specific nitrosamines. The National Toxicology Program of the National Institutes of Health has concluded that oral use of smokeless tobacco is a human carcinogen. Therefore, smokeless tobacco is not a safe alternative to cigarettes. In fact, smokeless tobacco use begins primarily during early adolescence and can lead to nicotine dependence and increased risk of becoming a cigarette smoker. Under the Comprehensive Smokeless Tobacco Health Education Act of 1986 (15 U.S.C. 4401 et seq.), tobacco manufacturers report annually to the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) on the total nicotine, unprotonated nicotine, pH, and moisture content of their smokeless tobacco products. This information is considered "trade secret," or confidential, in accordance with 5 U.S.C. 552(b)(4) and 18 U.S.C. 1905 and cannot be released to the public. In an effort to provide consumers and researchers with information on the nicotine content of smokeless tobacco, CDC arranged for the analysis of popular brands of smokeless tobacco. The results of this CDC study show that pH is a primary factor in the amount of nicotine that is in the most readily absorbable, unprotonated form. Furthermore, this study found that the brands of moist snuff smokeless tobacco with the largest amount of unprotunated nicotine also are the most frequently sold brands. JF - Nicotine & Tobacco Research AU - Richter, P AU - Spierto, F W AD - Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Office on Smoking and Health, 4770 Buford Highway, N.E., MS K-50, Atlanta, GA 30341, USA, pir1@cdc.gov Y1 - 2003/12// PY - 2003 DA - Dec 2003 SP - 885 EP - 889 VL - 5 IS - 6 SN - 1462-2203, 1462-2203 KW - moisture KW - smokeless tobacco KW - Toxicology Abstracts KW - Nicotine KW - Tobacco KW - pH effects KW - X 24180:Social poisons & drug abuse UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/17904511?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxicologyabstracts&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Nicotine+%26+Tobacco+Research&rft.atitle=Surveillance+of+smokeless+tobacco+nicotine%2C+pH%2C+moisture%2C+and+unprotonated+nicotine+content&rft.au=Richter%2C+P%3BSpierto%2C+F+W&rft.aulast=Richter&rft.aufirst=P&rft.date=2003-12-01&rft.volume=5&rft.issue=6&rft.spage=885&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Nicotine+%26+Tobacco+Research&rft.issn=14622203&rft_id=info:doi/10.1080%2F14622200310001614647 LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Nicotine; Tobacco; pH effects DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/14622200310001614647 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Hepatitis A outbreak associated with green onions at a restaurant--Monaca, Pennsylvania, 2003. AN - 71413533; 14647018 AB - The Pennsylvania Department of Health and CDC are investigating an outbreak of hepatitis A outbreak among patrons of a restaurant (Restaurant A) in Monaca, Pennsylvania. As of November 20, approximately 555 persons with hepatitis A have been identified, including at least 13 Restaurant A food service workers and 75 residents of six other states who dined at Restaurant A. Three persons have died. Preliminary sequence analysis of a 340 nucleotide region of viral RNA obtained from three patrons who had hepatitis A indicated that all three virus sequences were identical. Preliminary analysis of a case-control study implicated green onions as the source of the outbreak. JF - MMWR. Morbidity and mortality weekly report AU - Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) AD - Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) Y1 - 2003/11/28/ PY - 2003 DA - 2003 Nov 28 SP - 1155 EP - 1157 VL - 52 IS - 47 KW - Index Medicus KW - Humans KW - Adult KW - Hepatitis A virus -- isolation & purification KW - Case-Control Studies KW - Aged KW - Middle Aged KW - Child KW - Pennsylvania -- epidemiology KW - Adolescent KW - Child, Preschool KW - Food Microbiology KW - Foodborne Diseases -- epidemiology KW - Restaurants KW - Foodborne Diseases -- etiology KW - Hepatitis A -- transmission KW - Hepatitis A -- epidemiology KW - Onions -- virology KW - Disease Outbreaks UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/71413533?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=MMWR.+Morbidity+and+mortality+weekly+report&rft.atitle=Hepatitis+A+outbreak+associated+with+green+onions+at+a+restaurant--Monaca%2C+Pennsylvania%2C+2003.&rft.au=Centers+for+Disease+Control+and+Prevention+%28CDC%29&rft.aulast=Centers+for+Disease+Control+and+Prevention+%28CDC%29&rft.aufirst=&rft.date=2003-11-28&rft.volume=52&rft.issue=47&rft.spage=1155&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=MMWR.+Morbidity+and+mortality+weekly+report&rft.issn=1545-861X&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 2003-12-15 N1 - Date created - 2003-12-03 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - SuppNotes - Comment In: Ann Emerg Med. 2004 May;43(5):660-2; discussion 662-3 [15111926] N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Genetic Analysis of a High-Level Vancomycin-Resistant Isolate of Staphylococcus aureus AN - 18894060; 5764408 AB - Vancomycin is usually reserved for treatment of serious infections, including those caused by multidrug-resistant Staphylococcus aureus. A clinical isolate of S. aureus with high-level resistance to vancomycin (minimal inhibitory concentration = 1024 mu g/ml) was isolated in June 2002. This isolate harbored a 57.9-kilobase multiresistance conjugative plasmid within which Tn1546 (vanA) was integrated. Additional elements on the plasmid encoded resistance to trimethoprim (dfrA), beta -lactams (blaZ), aminoglycosides (aacA-aphD), and disinfectants (qacC). Genetic analyses suggest that the long-anticipated transfer of vancomycin resistance to a methicillin-resistant S. aureus occurred in vivo by interspecies transfer of Tn1546 from a co-isolate of Enterococcus faecalis. JF - Science (Washington) AU - Weigel, L M AU - Clewell, D B AU - Gill AU - Clark, N C AU - McDougal, L K AU - Flannagan, SE AU - Kolonay, J F AU - Shetty, J AU - Killgore, GE AU - Tenover, F C AD - Division of Healthcare Quality Promotion, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA 30333, USA, lweigel@cdc.gov Y1 - 2003/11/28/ PY - 2003 DA - 2003 Nov 28 SP - 1569 EP - 1571 PB - American Association for the Advancement of Science, 1200 New York Avenue, NW Washington DC 20005 USA, [mailto:membership@aaas.org], [URL:http://www.aaas.org] VL - 302 IS - 5650 SN - 0036-8075, 0036-8075 KW - aacA gene KW - aphD gene KW - blaZ gene KW - drfA gene KW - qacC gene KW - vanA gene KW - Microbiology Abstracts B: Bacteriology; Genetics Abstracts KW - G 07320:Bacterial genetics KW - J 02740:Genetics and evolution UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/18894060?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologyb&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Science+%28Washington%29&rft.atitle=Genetic+Analysis+of+a+High-Level+Vancomycin-Resistant+Isolate+of+Staphylococcus+aureus&rft.au=Weigel%2C+L+M%3BClewell%2C+D+B%3BGill%3BClark%2C+N+C%3BMcDougal%2C+L+K%3BFlannagan%2C+SE%3BKolonay%2C+J+F%3BShetty%2C+J%3BKillgore%2C+GE%3BTenover%2C+F+C&rft.aulast=Weigel&rft.aufirst=L&rft.date=2003-11-28&rft.volume=302&rft.issue=5650&rft.spage=1569&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Science+%28Washington%29&rft.issn=00368075&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - An outbreak of Escherichia coli O157 infection following exposure to a contaminated building. AN - 71439159; 14645313 AB - Infection with Escherichia coli O157 causes an estimated 70 000 diarrheal illnesses per year in the United States and can result in hemolytic-uremic syndrome and death. Environmental contamination with E coli O157 may be a public health problem. To determine risk factors for E coli O157 infection during an outbreak investigation at a county fair and to evaluate environmental contamination as a possible cause of the outbreak. Case-control study of 23 patients (median age, 15 years) and 53 age-matched controls who had attended the Lorain County, Ohio, fair between August 20 and August 26, 2001. Case-patients had laboratory-confirmed E coli O157 infection, hemolytic-uremic syndrome, or bloody diarrhea within 7 days of attending the fair; controls attended the fair and did not have diarrhea. Risk factors for infection and isolates of E coli O157 from environmental specimens. Six (26%) case-patients were hospitalized and 2 (9%) developed hemolytic-uremic syndrome. Case-patients were more likely than controls to have visited building A (a multipurpose community facility on the fairgrounds; matched odds ratio [MOR], 21.4 [95% confidence interval [CI], 2.7-170.7]). Among visitors to building A, illness was independently associated with attending a dance in the building (MOR, 7.5; 95% CI, 1.4-41.2), handling sawdust from the floor (MOR, 4.6; 95% CI, 1.1-20.0), or eating and/or drinking in the building (MOR, 4.5; 95% CI, 1.2-16.6). Twenty-four (44%) of 54 specimens collected from building A 6 weeks after the fair grew Shiga toxin-producing E coli O157. Isolates from sawdust, the rafters, and other surfaces were identical by molecular fingerprinting to patient isolates. Sawdust specimens collected 42 weeks after the fair also grew the same E coli O157 strain. Absence of evidence implicating specific food or beverage sources and the recovery of E coli O157 from the rafters suggest that airborne dispersion of bacteria contributed to the contamination. Because E coli O157 can survive in the environment for more than 10 months, humans may be at risk of infection long after an environment is initially contaminated. JF - JAMA AU - Varma, Jay K AU - Greene, Katherine D AU - Reller, Megan E AU - DeLong, Stephanie M AU - Trottier, Janine AU - Nowicki, Scott F AU - DiOrio, Mary AU - Koch, Elizabeth M AU - Bannerman, Tammy L AU - York, Steven T AU - Lambert-Fair, Mary-Ann AU - Wells, Joy G AU - Mead, Paul S AD - Foodborne and Diarrheal Diseases Branch, Division of Bacterial and Mycotic Diseases, National Center for Infectious Diseases, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Ga., USA. jvarma@cdc.gov Y1 - 2003/11/26/ PY - 2003 DA - 2003 Nov 26 SP - 2709 EP - 2712 VL - 290 IS - 20 KW - Abridged Index Medicus KW - Index Medicus KW - Humans KW - Ohio -- epidemiology KW - Child KW - Diarrhea -- microbiology KW - Child, Preschool KW - Infant KW - Hemolytic-Uremic Syndrome -- etiology KW - Risk Factors KW - Adult KW - Diarrhea -- epidemiology KW - Case-Control Studies KW - Middle Aged KW - Hemolytic-Uremic Syndrome -- epidemiology KW - Adolescent KW - Male KW - Female KW - Air Pollution, Indoor -- adverse effects KW - Air Pollution, Indoor -- analysis KW - Escherichia coli Infections -- epidemiology KW - Escherichia coli O157 -- isolation & purification KW - Environmental Exposure -- analysis KW - Escherichia coli Infections -- etiology KW - Environmental Exposure -- adverse effects KW - Disease Outbreaks UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/71439159?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=JAMA&rft.atitle=An+outbreak+of+Escherichia+coli+O157+infection+following+exposure+to+a+contaminated+building.&rft.au=Varma%2C+Jay+K%3BGreene%2C+Katherine+D%3BReller%2C+Megan+E%3BDeLong%2C+Stephanie+M%3BTrottier%2C+Janine%3BNowicki%2C+Scott+F%3BDiOrio%2C+Mary%3BKoch%2C+Elizabeth+M%3BBannerman%2C+Tammy+L%3BYork%2C+Steven+T%3BLambert-Fair%2C+Mary-Ann%3BWells%2C+Joy+G%3BMead%2C+Paul+S&rft.aulast=Varma&rft.aufirst=Jay&rft.date=2003-11-26&rft.volume=290&rft.issue=20&rft.spage=2709&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=JAMA&rft.issn=1538-3598&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 2003-12-11 N1 - Date created - 2003-12-03 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Qualitative evaluation of thermal desorption-programmable temperature vaporization-comprehensive two-dimensional gas chromatography-time-of-flight mass spectrometry for the analysis of selected halogenated contaminants. AN - 71412174; 14650611 AB - The separation of 38 toxic and predominant polychlorinated biphenyl (PCB) congeners, 11 persistent halogenated pesticides, 1 brominated biphenyl (BB), and 8 polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDEs) has been optimized using comprehensive two-dimensional gas chromatography coupled to time-of-flight mass spectrometry (GC x GC-TOFMS). A thermal desorption-programmable temperature vaporization (TD-PTV) step was used for the injection. Different column sets were investigated, and a 100% dimethylpolysiloxane (15 m x 0.25 mm i.d. x 0.25 microm film thickness) narrowbore capillary column coupled to a high temperature (8% phenyl)-polycarborane-siloxane (2 m x 0.10 mm i.d. x 0.10 microm film thickness) microbore column set was selected. Of the 58 compounds investigated, only one pair of PCBs was not resolved. All other analytes were either baseline separated into the chromatographic plane or were virtually separated using the deconvolution capability of the TOFMS. JF - Journal of chromatography. A AU - Focant, Jean-François AU - Sjödin, Andreas AU - Patterson, Donald G AD - Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, National Centerfor Environmental Health, Division of Laboratory Sciences, Organic Analytical Toxicology Branch, 4770 Buford Hwy NE, Mail Stop F-17, Atlanta, GA 30341, USA. jfocant@cdc.gov Y1 - 2003/11/26/ PY - 2003 DA - 2003 Nov 26 SP - 143 EP - 156 VL - 1019 IS - 1-2 SN - 0021-9673, 0021-9673 KW - Halogens KW - 0 KW - Index Medicus KW - Sensitivity and Specificity KW - Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry -- methods KW - Halogens -- analysis UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/71412174?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+chromatography.+A&rft.atitle=Qualitative+evaluation+of+thermal+desorption-programmable+temperature+vaporization-comprehensive+two-dimensional+gas+chromatography-time-of-flight+mass+spectrometry+for+the+analysis+of+selected+halogenated+contaminants.&rft.au=Focant%2C+Jean-Fran%C3%A7ois%3BSj%C3%B6din%2C+Andreas%3BPatterson%2C+Donald+G&rft.aulast=Focant&rft.aufirst=Jean-Fran%C3%A7ois&rft.date=2003-11-26&rft.volume=1019&rft.issue=1-2&rft.spage=143&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+chromatography.+A&rft.issn=00219673&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 2004-07-21 N1 - Date created - 2003-12-02 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Investigation of a ricin-containing envelope at a postal facility--South Carolina, 2003. AN - 71381293; 14627953 AB - On October 15, 2003, an envelope with a threatening note and a sealed container was processed at a mail processing and distribution facility in Greenville, South Carolina. The note threatened to poison water supplies if demands were not met. The envelope was isolated from workers and other mail and removed from the facility, and an investigation was begun. On October 21, laboratory testing at CDC confirmed that ricin was present in the container. To assess the human health effects related to possible ricin exposure, the South Carolina Department of Health and Environmental Control (SCDHEC) and CDC interviewed all workers at the postal facility and initiated statewide surveillance for illness consistent with ricin exposure during October 15-29. On October 22, the facility was closed for a detailed epidemiologic and environmental investigation. This report summarizes the results of the investigation, which found no evidence of environmental contamination and no cases of ricin-associated illness. Clinicians and public health officials should be vigilant for illnesses suggestive of ricin exposure. JF - MMWR. Morbidity and mortality weekly report AU - Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) AD - Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) Y1 - 2003/11/21/ PY - 2003 DA - 2003 Nov 21 SP - 1129 EP - 1131 VL - 52 IS - 46 KW - Ricin KW - 9009-86-3 KW - Index Medicus KW - Occupational Exposure KW - South Carolina KW - Humans KW - Environmental Exposure KW - Poisoning -- diagnosis KW - Poisoning -- prevention & control KW - Ricin -- poisoning KW - Terrorism KW - Public Health Practice KW - Postal Service UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/71381293?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=MMWR.+Morbidity+and+mortality+weekly+report&rft.atitle=Investigation+of+a+ricin-containing+envelope+at+a+postal+facility--South+Carolina%2C+2003.&rft.au=Centers+for+Disease+Control+and+Prevention+%28CDC%29&rft.aulast=Centers+for+Disease+Control+and+Prevention+%28CDC%29&rft.aufirst=&rft.date=2003-11-21&rft.volume=52&rft.issue=46&rft.spage=1129&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=MMWR.+Morbidity+and+mortality+weekly+report&rft.issn=1545-861X&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 2003-11-25 N1 - Date created - 2003-11-20 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Tobacco, alcohol, and other drug use among high school students in Bureau of Indian Affairs-funded schools--United States, 2001. AN - 71349631; 14603182 AB - In the United States, use of alcohol and other drugs is associated with the three leading causes of death and disability (i.e., unintentional injuries, primarily from motor vehicle crashes; suicide; and homicide) among American Indian/Alaska Native (AI/AN) persons aged 15-24 years, and tobacco use is associated with the two leading causes of death (i.e., heart disease and cancer) among AI/AN adults. This report presents data about the prevalence of tobacco, alcohol, and other drug use among high school students at schools funded by the Bureau of Indian Affairs (BIA). The findings indicate that a substantial number of these students engage in behaviors that put them at risk for premature death and disability and underscore the need for expanded health education and counseling programs and policies in AI communities and BIA-funded schools. JF - MMWR. Morbidity and mortality weekly report AU - Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) AD - Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) Y1 - 2003/11/07/ PY - 2003 DA - 2003 Nov 07 SP - 1070 EP - 1072 VL - 52 IS - 44 KW - Index Medicus KW - Schools KW - Risk-Taking KW - Humans KW - Students KW - Adolescent KW - United States -- epidemiology KW - Male KW - Female KW - Population Surveillance KW - Alcohol Drinking -- ethnology KW - Smoking -- ethnology KW - Substance-Related Disorders -- ethnology KW - Indians, North American -- statistics & numerical data KW - Alcohol Drinking -- epidemiology KW - Smoking -- epidemiology KW - Substance-Related Disorders -- epidemiology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/71349631?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=MMWR.+Morbidity+and+mortality+weekly+report&rft.atitle=Tobacco%2C+alcohol%2C+and+other+drug+use+among+high+school+students+in+Bureau+of+Indian+Affairs-funded+schools--United+States%2C+2001.&rft.au=Centers+for+Disease+Control+and+Prevention+%28CDC%29&rft.aulast=Centers+for+Disease+Control+and+Prevention+%28CDC%29&rft.aufirst=&rft.date=2003-11-07&rft.volume=52&rft.issue=44&rft.spage=1070&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=MMWR.+Morbidity+and+mortality+weekly+report&rft.issn=1545-861X&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 2003-11-10 N1 - Date created - 2003-11-06 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Estimating nonfatal traumatic brain injury hospitalizations using an urban/rural index. AN - 85368055; pmid-14707877 AB - To develop state-level estimates of the annual number of nonfatal cases of traumatic brain injury (TBI) resulting in hospitalization.The estimation process incorporates annual nonfatal TBI hospitalization case counts from 15 states funded by the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention to conduct TBI surveillance; annual fatal TBI case counts based on National Center for Health Statistics data for all 50 states; and an index reflecting the urban/rural character of each state. These data are used to develop a negative binomial regression model that yields estimates of the annual number of nonfatal TBI hospitalization cases for each state not funded to conduct TBI surveillance.Sensitivity analysis suggests that on average the estimates fall within +/- 15% of the case counts that would be obtained directly from surveillance.In combination, the TBI case count data and the urban/rural index support effective modeling and estimation of annual nonfatal TBI hospitalization case counts at the state level. JF - The Journal of head trauma rehabilitation AU - Kegler, Scott R AU - Coronado, Victor G AU - Annest, Joseph L AU - Thurman, David J AD - National Center for Injury Prevention and Control, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA 30341, USA. snk6@cdc.gov Y1 - 2003/11// PY - 2003 DA - Nov 2003 SP - 469 EP - 478 VL - 18 IS - 6 SN - 0885-9701, 0885-9701 KW - Index Medicus KW - National Library of Medicine KW - Accidents, Traffic: statistics & numerical data KW - Binomial Distribution KW - *Brain Injuries: epidemiology KW - *Hospitalization: statistics & numerical data KW - Humans KW - *Rural Population: statistics & numerical data KW - United States: epidemiology KW - *Urban Population: statistics & numerical data UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/85368055?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Acomdisdome&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Journal+of+head+trauma+rehabilitation&rft.atitle=Estimating+nonfatal+traumatic+brain+injury+hospitalizations+using+an+urban%2Frural+index.&rft.au=Kegler%2C+Scott+R%3BCoronado%2C+Victor+G%3BAnnest%2C+Joseph+L%3BThurman%2C+David+J&rft.aulast=Kegler&rft.aufirst=Scott&rft.date=2003-11-01&rft.volume=18&rft.issue=6&rft.spage=469&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=The+Journal+of+head+trauma+rehabilitation&rft.issn=08859701&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English (eng) DB - ComDisDome N1 - Date revised - 2011-12-15 N1 - Last updated - 2012-07-13 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - A new look at behavioral outcomes and teratogens: a commentary. AN - 71515538; 14745925 JF - Birth defects research. Part A, Clinical and molecular teratology AU - Cordero, José F AD - National Center on Birth Defects and Developmental Disabilities, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Department of Health and Human Services, Atlanta, Georgia 30333, USA. jcordero@cdc.gov Y1 - 2003/11// PY - 2003 DA - November 2003 SP - 900 EP - 902 VL - 67 IS - 11 SN - 1542-0752, 1542-0752 KW - Teratogens KW - 0 KW - Index Medicus KW - Abnormalities, Drug-Induced KW - Maternal-Fetal Exchange -- drug effects KW - Humans KW - Research Design KW - Female KW - Prenatal Exposure Delayed Effects KW - Pregnancy KW - Behavior -- drug effects KW - Teratogens -- toxicity UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/71515538?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Birth+defects+research.+Part+A%2C+Clinical+and+molecular+teratology&rft.atitle=A+new+look+at+behavioral+outcomes+and+teratogens%3A+a+commentary.&rft.au=Cordero%2C+Jos%C3%A9+F&rft.aulast=Cordero&rft.aufirst=Jos%C3%A9&rft.date=2003-11-01&rft.volume=67&rft.issue=11&rft.spage=900&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Birth+defects+research.+Part+A%2C+Clinical+and+molecular+teratology&rft.issn=15420752&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 2004-07-12 N1 - Date created - 2004-01-27 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - SuppNotes - Comment On: Birth Defects Res A Clin Mol Teratol. 2003 Nov;67(11):905-10 [14745927] N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Maternal febrile illnesses, medication use, and the risk of congenital renal anomalies. AN - 71511908; 14745928 AB - Renal anomalies occur in about three infants per 1000 live births and have been associated with several environmental risk factors. Researchers have yet to assess the effect of maternal febrile illnesses on renal anomalies, even though febrile illnesses have been associated with other birth defects. Our objective was to determine whether maternal illness, fever, or medication use during the first trimester of pregnancy is associated with the occurrence of renal anomalies. In this population-based case-control study, we evaluated 192 infants with renal anomalies (renal agenesis [n = 44], obstructive defects [n = 134], and renal duplication defects [n = 14]) and 3029 infant without birth defects, all of whom were born in metropolitan Atlanta, Georgia, from 1968 through 1980. Maternal illness was defined as reported flu-like illness and/or episodic illness during the first trimester. Our adjusted multivariate analyses showed that among the 192 case-infants, 38 had mothers with an illness (adjusted odds ratio [AOR], 1.71; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.15-2.52), 20 had mothers who reported a fever (AOR, 1.80; 95% CI, 1.07-3.02) and 26 had mothers who reported taking medication (AOR, 1.69; 95% CI, 1.07-2.68). Fifteen mothers reported a fever and medication use (AOR, 1.90; 95% CI, 1.05-3.45). Nonprescription aspirin-containing medication use showed the strongest association (AOR, 3.45; 95% CI, 1.36-8.75) with renal anomalies. Our data suggest that maternal exposure to illness, fever, and medication (particularly aspirin) may increase the risk of congenital renal anomalies. Copyright 2003 Wiley-Liss, Inc. JF - Birth defects research. Part A, Clinical and molecular teratology AU - Abe, Karon AU - Honein, Margaret A AU - Moore, Cynthia A AD - National Center on Birth Defects and Developmental Disabilities, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia 30333, USA. MHonein@cdc.gov Y1 - 2003/11// PY - 2003 DA - November 2003 SP - 911 EP - 918 VL - 67 IS - 11 SN - 1542-0752, 1542-0752 KW - Analgesics, Non-Narcotic KW - 0 KW - Index Medicus KW - Environment KW - Odds Ratio KW - Humans KW - Infant, Newborn KW - Congenital Abnormalities -- etiology KW - Maternal Exposure KW - Multivariate Analysis KW - Pregnancy KW - Pregnancy Trimester, First KW - Risk Factors KW - Case-Control Studies KW - Female KW - Male KW - Analgesics, Non-Narcotic -- adverse effects KW - Kidney Diseases -- congenital KW - Pregnancy Complications KW - Kidney Diseases -- etiology KW - Fever -- drug therapy KW - Kidney -- abnormalities UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/71511908?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Birth+defects+research.+Part+A%2C+Clinical+and+molecular+teratology&rft.atitle=Maternal+febrile+illnesses%2C+medication+use%2C+and+the+risk+of+congenital+renal+anomalies.&rft.au=Abe%2C+Karon%3BHonein%2C+Margaret+A%3BMoore%2C+Cynthia+A&rft.aulast=Abe&rft.aufirst=Karon&rft.date=2003-11-01&rft.volume=67&rft.issue=11&rft.spage=911&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Birth+defects+research.+Part+A%2C+Clinical+and+molecular+teratology&rft.issn=15420752&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 2004-07-12 N1 - Date created - 2004-01-27 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - The beta fibrinogen gene G-455-A polymorphism is a risk factor for Legg-Perthes disease. AN - 71396167; 14629463 AB - Legg-Perthes disease is a pediatric hip disorder characterized by avascular necrosis of the femoral head. The etiology of Legg-Perthes disease may involve repeated interruptions of the blood supply to the proximal femur. Thus, the role of thrombosis in Legg-Perthes disease is of interest. The focus of this analysis is an evaluation of the relationship between Legg-Perthes disease and the beta fibrinogen gene G-455-A polymorphism in 55 cases of Legg-Perthes disease and 56 age, race, and gender-matched healthy controls. Parents of subjects completed a questionnaire about their child's lifestyle and medical history. Blood was obtained for plasma and DNA analysis. Study subjects were predominantly white (93%), male (77%) and under age 16 (70%). Cases were more likely to be exposed to passive smoke than were controls (odds ratio 5.6, 95% confidence interval 2.0-12.0). Assuming a dominant genetic model, individuals who possessed either the G/A or A/A genotype were over three times more likely to have Legg-Perthes disease compared to those without the polymorphism (odds ratio 3.4, 95% confidence interval 1.5-7.8). Separate analyzes by smoke exposure revealed that the excess risk of the G-455-A polymorphism occurred in those exposed (odds ratio 7.0) as opposed to those unexposed to passive smoke (odds ratio 1.9). Although this difference in the odds ratios is not statistically significant (P=0.2), it suggests a possible interactive effect of cigarette smoke and the b fibrinogen gene G-455-A polymorphism in the risk of developing Legg-Perthes disease. JF - Journal of thrombosis and haemostasis : JTH AU - Dilley, A AU - Hooper, W C AU - Austin, H AU - Jamil, M AU - Miller, C AU - Stokes, M AU - Evatt, B AU - Eldridge, J AD - Hematologic Diseases Branch, Division of AIDS, STD, and Laboratory Research, National Center for Infectious Diseases, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, US Department of Health and Human Services, Atlanta, Georgia 30333, USA. adilley@cdc.gov Y1 - 2003/11// PY - 2003 DA - November 2003 SP - 2317 EP - 2321 VL - 1 IS - 11 SN - 1538-7933, 1538-7933 KW - BBeta fibrinogen KW - 0 KW - Tobacco Smoke Pollution KW - Fibrinogen KW - 9001-32-5 KW - Index Medicus KW - Odds Ratio KW - Humans KW - Child KW - Child, Preschool KW - Genotype KW - Life Style KW - Risk Factors KW - Adult KW - Tobacco Smoke Pollution -- adverse effects KW - Surveys and Questionnaires KW - Case-Control Studies KW - Adolescent KW - Female KW - Male KW - Polymorphism, Single Nucleotide KW - Fibrinogen -- genetics KW - Legg-Calve-Perthes Disease -- genetics KW - Legg-Calve-Perthes Disease -- etiology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/71396167?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+thrombosis+and+haemostasis+%3A+JTH&rft.atitle=The+beta+fibrinogen+gene+G-455-A+polymorphism+is+a+risk+factor+for+Legg-Perthes+disease.&rft.au=Dilley%2C+A%3BHooper%2C+W+C%3BAustin%2C+H%3BJamil%2C+M%3BMiller%2C+C%3BStokes%2C+M%3BEvatt%2C+B%3BEldridge%2C+J&rft.aulast=Dilley&rft.aufirst=A&rft.date=2003-11-01&rft.volume=1&rft.issue=11&rft.spage=2317&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+thrombosis+and+haemostasis+%3A+JTH&rft.issn=15387933&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 2004-09-14 N1 - Date created - 2003-11-21 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Rates and risk factors for condition-specific hospitalizations in HIV-infected and uninfected women. AN - 71342987; 14600579 AB - The rates and risk factors for overall and medical condition-specific hospitalizations in HIV-positive women have not been examined in detail or compared with rates in risk factor-matched HIV-negative women. To determine the rates and risk factors for overall and condition-specific hospitalizations. Prospective cohort study of 885 HIV-positive women and 425 HIV-negative women followed for semiannual research visits between 1993 and 2000 in 4 urban locations in the United States. Outcome measures were hospitalization diagnoses with diabetes mellitus, nonacute renal conditions, cardiovascular conditions, liver conditions, AIDS defining conditions, and overall hospitalizations. Clinical and laboratory risk factors were assessed at research visits every 6 months, and effects of risk factors on hospitalization rates were calculated using generalized estimating equations and Poisson regression. Renal laboratory abnormalities, hypertension, and clinical AIDS were each associated with 3 of the 5 condition-specific hospitalization rates. Over time, diabetes-, nonacute renal-, and cardiovascular-related rates were flat or slightly increased and liver-related rates were significantly increased in HIV-positive women. Hospitalization rates with an AIDS-defining condition declined sharply in the latter half of the study period. In this population of largely African-American, inner-city, HIV-infected women, renal abnormalities, hypertension, and hepatitis C virus infection were common. Rate ratios indicated that "non-AIDS" risk factors were important predictors of hospitalization. In the highly active antiretroviral therapy era, clinicians must pay attention to these risk factors for morbidity and should closely monitor renal abnormalities, hypertension, and hepatitis status. JF - Journal of acquired immune deficiency syndromes (1999) AU - Gardner, Lytt I AU - Klein, Robert S AU - Szczech, Lynda A AU - Phelps, Ruby M AU - Tashima, Karen AU - Rompalo, Anne M AU - Schuman, Paula AU - Sadek, Ramses F AU - Tong, Tony C AU - Greenberg, Alan AU - Holmberg, Scott D AU - HIV Epidemiology Research Study Group AD - Centers for Disease Control, Mailstop E-45, Division of HIV/AIDS, 1600 Clifton Road, NE, Atlanta, GA 30333, USA. lig0@cdc.gov ; HIV Epidemiology Research Study Group Y1 - 2003/11/01/ PY - 2003 DA - 2003 Nov 01 SP - 320 EP - 330 VL - 34 IS - 3 SN - 1525-4135, 1525-4135 KW - Antibodies, Viral KW - 0 KW - RNA, Viral KW - Creatinine KW - AYI8EX34EU KW - Index Medicus KW - AIDS/HIV KW - Hepatitis C -- complications KW - Humans KW - Diabetes Mellitus -- epidemiology KW - Kidney Diseases -- epidemiology KW - Alcohol Drinking KW - CD4 Lymphocyte Count KW - Creatinine -- blood KW - Hypertension -- complications KW - Antibodies, Viral -- blood KW - Prospective Studies KW - Hospitalization KW - Risk Factors KW - Kidney Diseases -- complications KW - Hypertension -- epidemiology KW - Adult KW - Cohort Studies KW - Substance-Related Disorders KW - Antiretroviral Therapy, Highly Active KW - Middle Aged KW - Hepatitis C -- epidemiology KW - Adolescent KW - United States -- epidemiology KW - Diabetes Complications KW - Female KW - RNA, Viral -- blood KW - HIV Infections -- complications KW - HIV-1 KW - HIV Infections -- epidemiology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/71342987?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+acquired+immune+deficiency+syndromes+%281999%29&rft.atitle=Rates+and+risk+factors+for+condition-specific+hospitalizations+in+HIV-infected+and+uninfected+women.&rft.au=Gardner%2C+Lytt+I%3BKlein%2C+Robert+S%3BSzczech%2C+Lynda+A%3BPhelps%2C+Ruby+M%3BTashima%2C+Karen%3BRompalo%2C+Anne+M%3BSchuman%2C+Paula%3BSadek%2C+Ramses+F%3BTong%2C+Tony+C%3BGreenberg%2C+Alan%3BHolmberg%2C+Scott+D%3BHIV+Epidemiology+Research+Study+Group&rft.aulast=Gardner&rft.aufirst=Lytt&rft.date=2003-11-01&rft.volume=34&rft.issue=3&rft.spage=320&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+acquired+immune+deficiency+syndromes+%281999%29&rft.issn=15254135&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 2003-12-04 N1 - Date created - 2003-11-05 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Effect of asphalt fume inhalation exposure at simulated road paving conditions prior to bacterial infection on lung defense responses in rats. AN - 71290560; 14569497 AB - Asphalt fume inhalation has been suspected of affecting immune function in exposed workers. The objective of this study was to evaluate the effect of asphalt exposure on lung immune responses in rats using a bacterial infectivity model. Pathogen-free male Sprague-Dawley rats were exposed by inhalation to asphalt fumes (72.6 +/- 4.95 mg/m3) or filtered air for 6 h/day for 5 days. One day after the final asphalt exposure, rats were intratracheally inoculated with 5 x 10(5) Listeria monocytogenes. At 0 (prior to bacterial inoculation), 3, and 7 days after L. monocytogenes instillation, the lungs of each animal were divided. Bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) was performed on right lungs. The recovered BAL cells were then differentiated and counted, and alveolar macrophage (AM) function was determined. Albumin and lactate dehydrogenase (LDH), two indices of lung injury, were measured in the acellular BAL fluid. To assess bacterial clearance, the left lungs were removed, homogenized, and bacterial colony-forming units (CFUs) were counted. In addition, lung-draining lymph nodes were removed, and lymphocyte phenotype and lymphocyte-induced cytokine production were examined. Asphalt fume exposure did not cause lung injury or inflammation in rats in the absence of infection. Infection induced elevations in AMs, neutrophils (PMNs), albumin, and LDH. Importantly, no significant differences were seen when comparing the asphalt group with the air and nonexposed naive groups at any time before or after infection. Also, asphalt fume inhalation exposure did not affect the rate of pulmonary clearance of L. monocytogenes or AM production of reactive oxygen and nitrogen species. However, asphalt-related increases in lymphocyte secretion of interferon (IFN)-gamma, interleukin (IL)-6, and IL-10 were observed at different times after bacterial infection, whereas the total number of lymph-node cells and the percentage of CD4+ and CD8+ cells were not significantly different among the treatment groups. Despite the asphalt-induced changes observed in lymphokine secretion, adaptive immune function seemed to function properly in lung defense against bacterial infection. Because innate nonspecific lung responses and pulmonary clearance of L. monocytogenes were unaffected by asphalt fume exposure, lung defenses were sufficient to control the infection. It was concluded that acute inhalation of asphalt fumes at a high concentration had a minimal effect on lung immune responses to infection in rats. JF - Inhalation toxicology AU - Antonini, James M AU - Roberts, Jenny R AU - Taylor, Michael D AU - Yin, Xuejun AU - Stone, Samuel AU - Moseley, Amy AU - Ma, Joseph K-H AU - Frazer, David G AU - Castranova, Vincent AU - Ma, Jane Y C AD - Health Effects Laboratory Division, National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, 1095 Willowdale Road, Morgantown, WV 26505, USA. jga6@cdc.gov Y1 - 2003/11// PY - 2003 DA - November 2003 SP - 1347 EP - 1368 VL - 15 IS - 13 SN - 0895-8378, 0895-8378 KW - Cytokines KW - 0 KW - Hydrocarbons KW - asphalt KW - 8052-42-4 KW - Index Medicus KW - Animals KW - Lung Diseases -- etiology KW - Cytokines -- biosynthesis KW - Disease Models, Animal KW - Phenotype KW - Rats KW - Rats, Sprague-Dawley KW - Incineration KW - Listeria monocytogenes -- pathogenicity KW - Lymphocytes -- immunology KW - Lymphocytes -- physiology KW - Lung Diseases -- immunology KW - Male KW - Occupational Exposure KW - Lung -- immunology KW - Hydrocarbons -- administration & dosage KW - Inhalation Exposure KW - Lung -- pathology KW - Listeriosis -- immunology KW - Hydrocarbons -- poisoning KW - Lung -- microbiology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/71290560?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Inhalation+toxicology&rft.atitle=Effect+of+asphalt+fume+inhalation+exposure+at+simulated+road+paving+conditions+prior+to+bacterial+infection+on+lung+defense+responses+in+rats.&rft.au=Antonini%2C+James+M%3BRoberts%2C+Jenny+R%3BTaylor%2C+Michael+D%3BYin%2C+Xuejun%3BStone%2C+Samuel%3BMoseley%2C+Amy%3BMa%2C+Joseph+K-H%3BFrazer%2C+David+G%3BCastranova%2C+Vincent%3BMa%2C+Jane+Y+C&rft.aulast=Antonini&rft.aufirst=James&rft.date=2003-11-01&rft.volume=15&rft.issue=13&rft.spage=1347&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Inhalation+toxicology&rft.issn=08958378&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 2004-01-06 N1 - Date created - 2003-10-21 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Correlates of sunburn experiences among U.S. adults: results of the 2000 National Health Interview Survey. AN - 71290502; 14563911 AB - The purpose of this study was to determine the rate of sunburns in the U.S. adult population and the correlates of sunburns. Data from the 2000 National Health Interview Survey Cancer Control Module were used to calculate the number of sunburns (0, 1, 2, or > or = 3) experienced during the past year by age, sex, race/ethnicity, and skin sensitivity to sun exposure. The relationship between no sunburns vs. one or more sunburns and additional demographic, health, and behavioral factors for adults who self-identify as white Hispanic or white non-Hispanic was assessed using general linear contrasts. Multivariate logistic regression modeling was conducted to determine the most important covariates associated with sunburns. All analyses were weighted for the complex sampling design. The study data suggest that overall, 18.5% (95% confidence interval [CI] 17.9, 19.1) of U.S. adults experience one sunburn a year, 9.7% (95% CI 9.3, 10.1) experience two, and 8.0% (95% CI 7.6, 8.4) experience > or = 3 sunburns. The data also indicate that adults who self-identify as white non-Hispanic experience sunburns more frequently than (in order of prevalence) those who identify as American Indian/Alaska Native, white Hispanic, Asian/Pacific Islander, or black. Sunburns were found to be more common among men than among women, more common among younger age groups than among older age groups, and more common among those with skin more prone to sunburn than among those with skin less prone to sunburn. Among individuals who self-identify as white Hispanic or white non-Hispanic, protective behaviors associated with lower rates of one or more sunburns in multivariate analyses are staying in the shade (odds ratio [OR] 0.73, 95% CI 0.66, 0.80) and wearing long-sleeved shirts (OR 0.86, 95% CI 0.75, 0.99). Many American adults have one or more sunburns per year. Methods to protect from sun exposure may not be used as needed to prevent sunburn. JF - Public health reports (Washington, D.C. : 1974) AU - Hall, H Irene AU - Saraiya, Mona AU - Thompson, Trevor AU - Hartman, Anne AU - Glanz, Karen AU - Rimer, Barbara AD - Division of Cancer Prevention and Control, National Center for Chronic Disease Prevention and Health Promotion, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA 30333, USA. ixh1@cdc.gov PY - 2003 SP - 540 EP - 549 VL - 118 IS - 6 SN - 0033-3549, 0033-3549 KW - Sunscreening Agents KW - 0 KW - Abridged Index Medicus KW - Index Medicus KW - Family Characteristics KW - Protective Clothing -- utilization KW - Sunscreening Agents -- therapeutic use KW - Neoplasms, Radiation-Induced -- etiology KW - Carcinoma, Basal Cell -- etiology KW - Humans KW - Melanoma -- etiology KW - Aged KW - Socioeconomic Factors KW - Self Concept KW - Risk Factors KW - Adult KW - Health Surveys KW - Interviews as Topic KW - Middle Aged KW - Adolescent KW - United States -- epidemiology KW - Female KW - Male KW - Prevalence KW - Sunburn -- prevention & control KW - Health Behavior -- ethnology KW - Sunburn -- epidemiology KW - Sunburn -- complications UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/71290502?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Public+health+reports+%28Washington%2C+D.C.+%3A+1974%29&rft.atitle=Correlates+of+sunburn+experiences+among+U.S.+adults%3A+results+of+the+2000+National+Health+Interview+Survey.&rft.au=Hall%2C+H+Irene%3BSaraiya%2C+Mona%3BThompson%2C+Trevor%3BHartman%2C+Anne%3BGlanz%2C+Karen%3BRimer%2C+Barbara&rft.aulast=Hall&rft.aufirst=H&rft.date=2003-11-01&rft.volume=118&rft.issue=6&rft.spage=540&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Public+health+reports+%28Washington%2C+D.C.+%3A+1974%29&rft.issn=00333549&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 2003-11-21 N1 - Date created - 2003-10-17 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - SuppNotes - Cited By: Cancer Prev Control. 1998 Jun;2(3):111-6 [10093620] Ethn Dis. 1999 Winter;9(1):126-31 [10355481] N Engl J Med. 1999 Aug 5;341(6):427-34 [10432328] Int J Cancer. 2000 Dec 1;88(5):838-42 [11072258] Med Sci Sports Exerc. 2000 Sep;32(9 Suppl):S498-504 [10993420] J Natl Cancer Inst. 1999 Aug 4;91(15):1304-9 [10433619] Prev Med. 2001 Oct;33(4):305-12 [11570835] Am J Public Health. 2002 Jul;92(7):1173-7 [12084704] Am J Prev Med. 2002 Aug;23(2):91-7 [12121796] Prev Med. 1992 Sep;21(5):654-69 [1438112] Am J Epidemiol. 1994 May 1;139(9):869-80 [8166137] J Am Acad Dermatol. 1994 May;30(5 Pt 1):774-8 [8176018] Int J Cancer. 1995 Feb 8;60(4):489-94 [7829262] Am J Prev Med. 1996 May-Jun;12(3):186-94 [8743874] Cancer Detect Prev. 1996;20(6):566-75 [8939342] Prev Med. 1997 Jul-Aug;26(4):401-7 [9245656] J Am Acad Dermatol. 1997 Aug;37(2 Pt 1):179-86 [9270501] Melanoma Res. 1997 Aug;7(4):339-46 [9293485] Int J Cancer. 1997 Oct 9;73(2):198-203 [9335442] N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Second-hand smoke exposure and blood lead levels in U.S. children. AN - 71282884; 14569189 AB - Lead is a component of tobacco and tobacco smoke, and smokers have higher blood lead levels than do nonsmokers. We examined the relation between second-hand smoke exposure and blood lead levels in a nationally representative sample of 5592 U.S. children, age 4-16 years, who participated in the Third National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (1988-1994). Linear and logistic regression modeling was used to adjust for known covariates. Geometric mean blood lead levels were 1.5 mug/dL, 1.9 mug/dL, and 2.6 mug/dL for children with low, intermediate, and high cotinine levels, respectively. The adjusted linear regression model showed that geometric mean blood lead levels were 38% higher (95% confidence interval [CI] = 25-52%) in children with high cotinine levels compared with children who had low cotinine levels. The logistic regression models showed that children with high cotinine levels were more likely to have blood lead levels >/=10 mug/dL than were children with low cotinine levels (odds ratio [OR] = 4.4; CI = 1.9-10.5). Second-hand smoke could be associated with increased blood lead levels in U.S. children aged 4-16 years. JF - Epidemiology (Cambridge, Mass.) AU - Mannino, David M AU - Albalak, Rachel AU - Grosse, Scott AU - Repace, James AD - Air Pollution and Respiratory Health Branch, Division of Environmental Hazards and Health Effects, National Center for Environmental Health, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA 30333, USA. dmannino@cdc.gov Y1 - 2003/11// PY - 2003 DA - November 2003 SP - 719 EP - 727 VL - 14 IS - 6 SN - 1044-3983, 1044-3983 KW - Tobacco Smoke Pollution KW - 0 KW - Lead KW - 2P299V784P KW - Cotinine KW - K5161X06LL KW - Index Medicus KW - United States KW - Logistic Models KW - Humans KW - Environmental Exposure -- analysis KW - Cotinine -- blood KW - Child KW - Adolescent KW - Male KW - Female KW - Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid KW - Child, Preschool KW - Tobacco Smoke Pollution -- analysis KW - Lead -- blood UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/71282884?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Epidemiology+%28Cambridge%2C+Mass.%29&rft.atitle=Second-hand+smoke+exposure+and+blood+lead+levels+in+U.S.+children.&rft.au=Mannino%2C+David+M%3BAlbalak%2C+Rachel%3BGrosse%2C+Scott%3BRepace%2C+James&rft.aulast=Mannino&rft.aufirst=David&rft.date=2003-11-01&rft.volume=14&rft.issue=6&rft.spage=719&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Epidemiology+%28Cambridge%2C+Mass.%29&rft.issn=10443983&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 2004-02-04 N1 - Date created - 2003-10-21 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Social Stratification, Development and Health in Pakistan: An Empirical Exploration of Relationships in Population-Based National Health Examination Survey Data AN - 60477789; 200409494 AB - There is a growing literature on an overall direct relationship between health & social position in developed countries. The relationship, however, is less well documented in developing countries where social hierarchies are changing more rapidly, demographic & health transitions are less advanced, & this topic has received less attention from researchers than in some developed countries. This paper presents an empirical investigation of the relationship between social stratification & social development & population health using data on over 6000 adults from the National Health Survey of Pakistan, a nationally representative health examination survey of people in that country. We analyze four indicators of poor nutrition in adults from this data set. The findings reveal complex relationships among social development, social stratification & the consequences for the health of the people of Pakistan. Underweight is related to economic status, anemia to education & social development, & both severe dental caries & a monotonous diet are related to both development & economic status, which interact with each other. These results suggest that continued conceptual refinement & the development of standardized measures of stratification & development would contribute to building cross-nationally comparable data sets addressing issues of the relationship among health & economic development & health transitions. 4 Tables, 2 Figures, 97 References. Adapted from the source document. JF - Social Science & Medicine AU - Hadden, Wilbur C AU - Pappas, Gregory AU - Khan, Abdul Qayyum AD - National Center Health Statistics, Centers Disease Control, Hyattsville, MD whadden@cdc.gov Y1 - 2003/11// PY - 2003 DA - November 2003 SP - 1863 EP - 1874 VL - 57 IS - 10 SN - 0277-9536, 0277-9536 KW - Social Stratification KW - Pakistan KW - Socioeconomic Status KW - Social Development KW - Health KW - Nutrition KW - article KW - 2045: sociology of health and medicine; sociology of medicine & health care UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/60477789?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Asocabs&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Social+Science+%26+Medicine&rft.atitle=Social+Stratification%2C+Development+and+Health+in+Pakistan%3A+An+Empirical+Exploration+of+Relationships+in+Population-Based+National+Health+Examination+Survey+Data&rft.au=Hadden%2C+Wilbur+C%3BPappas%2C+Gregory%3BKhan%2C+Abdul+Qayyum&rft.aulast=Hadden&rft.aufirst=Wilbur&rft.date=2003-11-01&rft.volume=57&rft.issue=10&rft.spage=1863&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Social+Science+%26+Medicine&rft.issn=02779536&rft_id=info:doi/10.1016%2FS0277-9536%2803%2900052-2 LA - English DB - Sociological Abstracts N1 - Date revised - 2007-04-01 N1 - Number of references - 97 N1 - Last updated - 2016-09-28 N1 - CODEN - SSCMAW N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Health; Social Stratification; Social Development; Socioeconomic Status; Nutrition; Pakistan DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0277-9536(03)00052-2 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - CLINICAL INVESTIGATIONS: Invasive Pneumococcal Disease in Older Adults Residing in Long-Term Care Facilities and in the Community AN - 20120008; 5772262 AB - To examine the epidemiology of invasive pneumococcal disease in older adults hospitalized for invasive pneumococcal disease who are living in the community and in long-term care facilities (LTCFs) in the United States. Analysis of 2,402 cases of invasive pneumococcal disease requiring hospitalization in 2000 and 2001 that the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention's Active Bacterial Core Surveillance collected in nine states. Hospital. Hospitalized LTCF residents and community-living older adults in the United States. Age- and residence-specific pneumococcal disease incidence rates per 100,000 persons, case-fatality rates, and trends in antimicrobial resistance. Nationally, the rate of invasive pneumococcal disease in LTCF residents was 194.2 cases per 100,000 persons aged 65 and older and 44.6 for community-living older adults (relative risk=4.4, 95% confidence interval (CI)=4.2-4.5). Compared with community-living older adults, case-fatality rates were 1.9 times higher (30.8% vs 16.0%, 95% CI=1.5-2.5). Pneumococcal strains from LTCF residents were significantly more likely to be nonsusceptible to levofloxacin than strains from community- living older adults (5.7% vs 0.4%, P<.001). Older adults living in LTCFs are at a higher risk for invasive pneumococcal disease and death than are community-living older adults. Additionally, fluoroquinolone resistance is significantly higher in older adults living in LTCFs and may provide clues to emerging antimicrobial resistance in the general population. JF - Journal of the American Geriatrics Society AU - Kupronis, BA AU - Richards, CL AU - Whitney, C G AD - From the Division of Healthcare Quality Promotion and Division of Bacterial and Mycotic Diseases, National Center for Infectious Diseases, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia., bbk@cdc.gov Y1 - 2003/11// PY - 2003 DA - Nov 2003 SP - 1520 EP - 1525 PB - Blackwell Science Ltd VL - 51 IS - 11 SN - 0002-8614, 0002-8614 KW - Microbiology Abstracts A: Industrial & Applied Microbiology; Microbiology Abstracts B: Bacteriology KW - Streptococcus pneumoniae KW - Fluoroquinolones KW - Epidemiology KW - Drug resistance KW - Levofloxacin KW - Risk factors KW - Disease control KW - Geriatrics KW - Hospitals KW - A 01380:Plant Protection, Fungicides & Seed Treatments KW - J 02400:Human Diseases UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/20120008?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologyb&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+the+American+Geriatrics+Society&rft.atitle=CLINICAL+INVESTIGATIONS%3A+Invasive+Pneumococcal+Disease+in+Older+Adults+Residing+in+Long-Term+Care+Facilities+and+in+the+Community&rft.au=Kupronis%2C+BA%3BRichards%2C+CL%3BWhitney%2C+C+G&rft.aulast=Kupronis&rft.aufirst=BA&rft.date=2003-11-01&rft.volume=51&rft.issue=11&rft.spage=1520&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+the+American+Geriatrics+Society&rft.issn=00028614&rft_id=info:doi/10.1046%2Fj.1532-5415.2003.51501.x LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2008-12-01 N1 - Last updated - 2015-03-27 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Epidemiology; Fluoroquinolones; Risk factors; Levofloxacin; Drug resistance; Geriatrics; Disease control; Hospitals; Streptococcus pneumoniae DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1046/j.1532-5415.2003.51501.x ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Molecular Surveillance of Cryptosporidium spp. in Raw Wastewater in Milwaukee: Implications for Understanding Outbreak Occurrence and Transmission Dynamics AN - 19702904; 5752063 AB - Six Cryptosporidium spp. were found in 50 of 179 Milwaukee wastewater samples collected weekly over a year. Of the eight subtypes of Cryptosporidium hominis and Cryptosporidium parvum present, allele Ib was found in 14 of 16 samples, and its sequence was identical to that of the subtype in human samples from the 1993 Milwaukee outbreak of cryptosporidiosis. JF - Journal of Clinical Microbiology AU - Zhou, L AU - Singh, A AU - Jiang, J AU - Xiao, L AD - Division of Parasitic Diseases, National Center for Infectious Diseases, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Building 22, Mail Stop F-12, 4770 Buford Hwy., Atlanta, GA 30341-3717, lxiao@cdc.gov Y1 - 2003/11// PY - 2003 DA - Nov 2003 SP - 5254 EP - 5257 PB - American Society for Microbiology, 1752 N Street N.W. Washington, DC 20036 USA, [URL:http://www.asm.org/] VL - 41 IS - 11 SN - 0095-1137, 0095-1137 KW - Aqualine Abstracts; Water Resources Abstracts; Microbiology Abstracts C: Algology, Mycology & Protozoology KW - USA, Wisconsin, Milwaukee KW - USA, Wisconsin KW - Dynamics KW - Raw Wastewater KW - Surveillance KW - Cryptosporidium parvum KW - Cryptosporidiosis KW - Typing KW - Cryptosporidium hominis KW - Cryptosporidium KW - Microorganisms KW - Waste water KW - Wastewater KW - K 03099:Pollution KW - SW 3040:Wastewater treatment processes KW - AQ 00002:Water Quality UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/19702904?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aaqualine&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Clinical+Microbiology&rft.atitle=Molecular+Surveillance+of+Cryptosporidium+spp.+in+Raw+Wastewater+in+Milwaukee%3A+Implications+for+Understanding+Outbreak+Occurrence+and+Transmission+Dynamics&rft.au=Zhou%2C+L%3BSingh%2C+A%3BJiang%2C+J%3BXiao%2C+L&rft.aulast=Zhou&rft.aufirst=L&rft.date=2003-11-01&rft.volume=41&rft.issue=11&rft.spage=5254&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+Clinical+Microbiology&rft.issn=00951137&rft_id=info:doi/10.1128%2FJCM.41.11.5254-5257.2003 LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2003-12-01 N1 - Last updated - 2015-03-24 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Cryptosporidiosis; Typing; Waste water; Surveillance; Cryptosporidium; Microorganisms; Wastewater; Raw Wastewater; Dynamics; Cryptosporidium hominis; Cryptosporidium parvum; USA, Wisconsin, Milwaukee; USA, Wisconsin DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/JCM.41.11.5254-5257.2003 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - IDENTIFICATION AND AUTHENTICATION OF ANIMAL CELL CULTURE BY POLYMERASE CHAIN REACTION AMPLIFICATION AND DNA SEQUENCING AN - 19332644; 8696250 AB - Polymerase chain reaction (PCR) amplification and deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) sequence analysis were used to identify the species origin of cell lines used in a cell culture facility where various cell lines of different species are routinely propagated. The aldolase gene family was selected for PCR amplification because the DNA sequences of this gene are highly conserved over a wide range of animals and humans. A total of 36 cell lines representing 13 different species were selected for this study. The DNA from each cell line was amplified, and PCR products were analyzed by agarose gel electrophoresis. The results showed unique profiles of amplified bands on agarose gels that allowed differentiation among non-closely related species. However, DNA amplification of closely related species, including rat and mouse or human and primate, resulted in similar and indistinguishable banding patterns that could be further differentiated by DNA sequence analysis. These results suggested that aldolase gene amplification coupled with DNA sequence analysis is a useful tool for identification of cell lines and has potential application for use in identification of interspecies cross-contamination. JF - In Vitro Cellular & Developmental Biology - Animal AU - Liu, Merry Y AU - Lin, Seh-Ching AU - Liu, Hsi AU - Candal, Francisco AU - Vafai, Abbas AD - Biologics Branch, Scientific Resources Program, National Center for Infectious Diseases, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, 1600 Clifton Road, MS-D43, Atlanta, Georgia 30333 (M. Y. L., S.-C. L., F. C., A. V.) and Division of AIDS, STD, and TB Laboratory Research, National Center for Infectious Diseases, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia 30333 (H. L.), mkl6@cdc.gov Y1 - 2003/11// PY - 2003 DA - Nov 2003 SP - 424 EP - 427 PB - Allen Press, Inc., 810 East Tenth St. VL - 39 IS - 10 SN - 1071-2690, 1071-2690 KW - Biochemistry Abstracts 2: Nucleic Acids; Biotechnology and Bioengineering Abstracts KW - cell culture KW - DNA sequencing KW - authentication KW - PCR KW - Aldolase gene KW - Differentiation KW - Nucleotide sequence KW - Polymerase chain reaction KW - Cell culture KW - Primates KW - Gel electrophoresis KW - N 14810:Methods KW - W 30900:Methods UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/19332644?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Abiotechresearch&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=In+Vitro+Cellular+%26+Developmental+Biology+-+Animal&rft.atitle=IDENTIFICATION+AND+AUTHENTICATION+OF+ANIMAL+CELL+CULTURE+BY+POLYMERASE+CHAIN+REACTION+AMPLIFICATION+AND+DNA+SEQUENCING&rft.au=Liu%2C+Merry+Y%3BLin%2C+Seh-Ching%3BLiu%2C+Hsi%3BCandal%2C+Francisco%3BVafai%2C+Abbas&rft.aulast=Liu&rft.aufirst=Merry&rft.date=2003-11-01&rft.volume=39&rft.issue=10&rft.spage=424&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=In+Vitro+Cellular+%26+Developmental+Biology+-+Animal&rft.issn=10712690&rft_id=info:doi/10.1290%2F1543-706X%282003%290392.0.CO%3B2 LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2008-12-01 N1 - Last updated - 2015-03-27 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Differentiation; Aldolase gene; DNA sequencing; Nucleotide sequence; Polymerase chain reaction; Cell culture; Gel electrophoresis; Primates DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1290/1543-706X(2003)039<0424:IAAOAC>2.0.CO;2 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Arsenic Exposure Accelerates Atherogenesis in Apolipoprotein E super(-/-) Mice AN - 19247662; 5814979 AB - Epidemiologic studies have shown an association between elevated arsenic levels in drinking water and an increased risk of atherosclerosis and vascular diseases. The studies presented here were performed to evaluate the atherogenic potential of arsenic using a well-established and controlled animal model of human atherosclerosis, mice deficient in apolipoprotein E (ApoE), and in vitro systems including primary human vascular cells. Wild-type and ApoE-deficient mice were exposed to 20 or 100 mu g/mL sodium arsenite in drinking water for 24 weeks. As assessed morphometrically, the size of grossly discernible lesions covering the intimal area of aorta were increased significantly in arsenic-treated ApoE-deficient mice compared with nontreated transgenic mice. This effect was not associated with increased levels of serum cholesterol but was accompanied by an accumulation of arsenic in the vessel wall. Introduction of cocoa butter into the diet for 2 weeks resulted in higher serum cholesterol levels and only slight increases in the lesion size in control or arsenic-exposed ApoE-deficient mice. There were no lesions observed in the wild-type C57BL6 mice, resistant to atherosclerosis, whether they received arsenic or control drinking water. In vitro studies, including primary aorta endothelial or smooth muscle cells, were conducted to evaluate whether arsenic induces cellular mechanisms relevant to atherogenesis such as endothelial dysfunction, lipid oxidation, and smooth muscle cell proliferation. Arsenic treatment does not modulate endothelial cell-mediated lipid oxidation or smooth muscle cell proliferation but induced the expression of genes coding inflammatory mediators, including interleukin-8. Induction of endothelial inflammatory activity may play a role in arsenic-related vascular effects. JF - Environmental Health Perspectives AU - Simeonova, P P AU - Hulderman, T AU - Harki, D AU - Luster, MI AD - National Institute of Occupational Safety and Health, 1095 Willowdale Road, Morgantown WV 26505 USA, psimeonova@cdc.gov Y1 - 2003/11// PY - 2003 DA - Nov 2003 SP - 1744 EP - 1748 VL - 111 IS - 14 SN - 0091-6765, 0091-6765 KW - mice KW - Toxicology Abstracts KW - Arsenic KW - Atherogenesis KW - Arteriosclerosis KW - Interleukin 8 KW - Inflammation KW - X 24165:Biochemistry UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/19247662?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxicologyabstracts&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Environmental+Health+Perspectives&rft.atitle=Arsenic+Exposure+Accelerates+Atherogenesis+in+Apolipoprotein+E+super%28-%2F-%29+Mice&rft.au=Simeonova%2C+P+P%3BHulderman%2C+T%3BHarki%2C+D%3BLuster%2C+MI&rft.aulast=Simeonova&rft.aufirst=P&rft.date=2003-11-01&rft.volume=111&rft.issue=14&rft.spage=1744&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Environmental+Health+Perspectives&rft.issn=00916765&rft_id=info:doi/10.1289%2Fehp.6332 LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2010-05-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-14 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Arsenic; Atherogenesis; Arteriosclerosis; Interleukin 8; Inflammation DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1289/ehp.6332 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Radiographic Abnormalities and Exposure to Asbestos-Contaminated Vermiculite in the Community of Libby, Montana, USA AN - 19237736; 5814980 AB - Mining, handling, processing, and personal or commercial use of asbestos-contaminated vermiculite have led to widespread contamination of the Libby, Montana, area. We initiated a medical testing program in response to reports of respiratory illness in the community. The purpose of this analysis was to identify and quantify asbestos-related radiographic abnormalities among persons exposed to vermiculite in Libby and to examine associations between these outcomes and participants' self-reported exposures. A cross-sectional interview and medical testing were conducted in Libby from July through November 2000 and from July through September 2001. A total of 7,307 persons who had lived, worked, or played in Libby for at least 6 months before 31 December 1990 completed the interview. Of those, 6,668 participants greater than or equal to 18 years of age received chest radiographs to assess the prevalence of pleural and interstitial abnormalities. We observed pleural abnormalities in 17.8% of participants and interstitial abnormalities in < 1% of participants undergoing chest radiography. We examined 29 occupational, recreational, household, and other exposure pathways in the analysis. The prevalence of pleural abnormalities increased with increasing number of exposure pathways, ranging from 6.7% for those who reported no apparent exposures to 34.6% for those who reported greater than or equal to 12 pathways. The factors most strongly associated with pleural abnormalities were being a former W.R. Grace worker, being older, having been a household contact of a W.R. Grace worker, and being a male. In addition to being a former W.R. Grace worker, environmental exposures and other nonoccupational risk factors were also important predictors of asbestos-related radiographic abnormalities. JF - Environmental Health Perspectives AU - Peipins, LA AU - Lewin, M AU - Campolucci, S AU - Lybarger, JA AU - Miller, A AU - Middleton, D AU - Weis, C AU - Spence, M AU - Black, B AU - Kapil, V AD - ATSDR/Division of Health Studies, 1600 Clifton Road NE, E-31, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA, Mlewin@cdc.gov Y1 - 2003/11// PY - 2003 DA - Nov 2003 SP - 1753 EP - 1759 VL - 111 IS - 14 SN - 0091-6765, 0091-6765 KW - environmental exposure KW - man KW - vermiculite KW - Toxicology Abstracts; Health & Safety Science Abstracts; Pollution Abstracts KW - Asbestos KW - Materials handling KW - Environmental health KW - USA, Montana, Libby KW - Lung KW - Radiography KW - Mining KW - USA, Montana KW - X 24156:Environmental impact KW - H 12000:Epidemiology and Public Health KW - P 6000:TOXICOLOGY AND HEALTH UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/19237736?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxicologyabstracts&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Environmental+Health+Perspectives&rft.atitle=Radiographic+Abnormalities+and+Exposure+to+Asbestos-Contaminated+Vermiculite+in+the+Community+of+Libby%2C+Montana%2C+USA&rft.au=Peipins%2C+LA%3BLewin%2C+M%3BCampolucci%2C+S%3BLybarger%2C+JA%3BMiller%2C+A%3BMiddleton%2C+D%3BWeis%2C+C%3BSpence%2C+M%3BBlack%2C+B%3BKapil%2C+V&rft.aulast=Peipins&rft.aufirst=LA&rft.date=2003-11-01&rft.volume=111&rft.issue=14&rft.spage=1753&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Environmental+Health+Perspectives&rft.issn=00916765&rft_id=info:doi/10.1289%2Fehp.6346 LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2010-05-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-14 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Asbestos; Lung; Mining; Radiography; Materials handling; Environmental health; USA, Montana; USA, Montana, Libby DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1289/ehp.6346 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Pulsed-Field Gel Electrophoresis Typing of Oxacillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus Isolates from the United States: Establishing a National Database AN - 19175332; 5752024 AB - Oxacillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (ORSA) is a virulent pathogen responsible for both health care-associated and community onset disease. We used SmaI-digested genomic DNA separated by pulsed-field gel electrophoresis (PFGE) to characterize 957 S. aureus isolates and establish a database of PFGE patterns. In addition to PFGE patterns of U.S. strains, the database contains patterns of representative epidemic-type strains from the United Kingdom, Canada, and Australia; previously described ORSA clonal-type isolates; 13 vancomycin-intermediate S. aureus (VISA) isolates, and two high-level vancomycin-resistant, vanA-positive strains (VRSA). Among the isolates from the United States, we identified eight lineages, designated as pulsed-field types (PFTs) USA100 through USA800, seven of which included both ORSA and oxacillin-susceptible S. aureus isolates. With the exception of the PFT pairs USA100 and USA800, and USA300 and USA500, each of the PFTs had a unique multilocus sequence type and spa type motif. The USA100 PFT, previously designated as the New York/Tokyo clone, was the most common PFT in the database, representing 44% of the ORSA isolates. USA100 isolates were typically multiresistant and included all but one of the U.S. VISA strains and both VRSA isolates. Multiresistant ORSA isolates from the USA200, -500, and -600 PFTs have PFGE patterns similar to those of previously described epidemic strains from Europe and Australia. The USA300 and -400 PFTs contained community isolates resistant only to beta -lactam drugs and erythromycin. Noticeably absent from the U.S. database were isolates with the previously described Brazilian and EMRSA15 PFGE patterns. These data suggest that there are a limited number of ORSA genotypes present in the United States. JF - Journal of Clinical Microbiology AU - McDougal, L K AU - Steward, C D AU - Killgore, GE AU - Chaitram, J M AU - McAllister, S K AU - Tenover, F C AD - MS G-08, Division of Healthcare Quality Promotion, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, 1600 Clifton Rd., Atlanta, GA 30333, lkm1@cdc.gov Y1 - 2003/11// PY - 2003 DA - Nov 2003 SP - 5113 EP - 5120 PB - American Society for Microbiology, 1752 N Street N.W. Washington, DC 20036 USA, [URL:http://www.asm.org/] VL - 41 IS - 11 SN - 0095-1137, 0095-1137 KW - erythromycin KW - oxacillin KW - vancomycin KW - Microbiology Abstracts B: Bacteriology KW - Databases KW - Typing KW - Pulsed-field gel electrophoresis KW - Macrolide antibiotics KW - Staphylococcus aureus KW - Antibiotic resistance KW - ^b-Lactam antibiotics KW - J 02710:Identification, taxonomy and typing UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/19175332?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologyb&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Clinical+Microbiology&rft.atitle=Pulsed-Field+Gel+Electrophoresis+Typing+of+Oxacillin-Resistant+Staphylococcus+aureus+Isolates+from+the+United+States%3A+Establishing+a+National+Database&rft.au=McDougal%2C+L+K%3BSteward%2C+C+D%3BKillgore%2C+GE%3BChaitram%2C+J+M%3BMcAllister%2C+S+K%3BTenover%2C+F+C&rft.aulast=McDougal&rft.aufirst=L&rft.date=2003-11-01&rft.volume=41&rft.issue=11&rft.spage=5113&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+Clinical+Microbiology&rft.issn=00951137&rft_id=info:doi/10.1128%2FJCM.41.11.5113-5120.2003 LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Staphylococcus aureus; Typing; Pulsed-field gel electrophoresis; Antibiotic resistance; Databases; ^b-Lactam antibiotics; Macrolide antibiotics DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/JCM.41.11.5113-5120.2003 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Assessment of Laboratory Performance of Nucleic Acid Amplification Tests for Detection of Mycobacterium tuberculosis AN - 19166576; 5752043 AB - During implementation of the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention's Mycobacterium tuberculosis nucleic acid amplification (NAA) evaluation program, 27.1% of participants used the same biological safety cabinet for NAA and specimen processing; 28.8% reported not using unidirectional workflow. An association between false positives and adverse responses to quality assurance questions (P = 0.04) illustrated the need for following NCCLS recommendations. JF - Journal of Clinical Microbiology AU - Ridderhof, J C AU - Williams, LO AU - Legois, S AU - Shult, P A AU - Metchock, B AU - Kubista, L N AU - Handsfield, J H AU - Fehd, R J AU - Robinson, PH AD - Division of Laboratory Systems, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Mailstop G25, 4770 Buford Highway, NE, Atlanta, GA 30341, low1@cdc.gov Y1 - 2003/11// PY - 2003 DA - Nov 2003 SP - 5258 EP - 5261 PB - American Society for Microbiology, 1752 N Street N.W. Washington, DC 20036 USA, [URL:http://www.asm.org/] VL - 41 IS - 11 SN - 0095-1137, 0095-1137 KW - Microbiology Abstracts B: Bacteriology KW - Safety KW - Assays KW - Tuberculosis KW - Mycobacterium tuberculosis KW - J 02704:Enumeration UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/19166576?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologyb&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Clinical+Microbiology&rft.atitle=Assessment+of+Laboratory+Performance+of+Nucleic+Acid+Amplification+Tests+for+Detection+of+Mycobacterium+tuberculosis&rft.au=Ridderhof%2C+J+C%3BWilliams%2C+LO%3BLegois%2C+S%3BShult%2C+P+A%3BMetchock%2C+B%3BKubista%2C+L+N%3BHandsfield%2C+J+H%3BFehd%2C+R+J%3BRobinson%2C+PH&rft.aulast=Ridderhof&rft.aufirst=J&rft.date=2003-11-01&rft.volume=41&rft.issue=11&rft.spage=5258&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+Clinical+Microbiology&rft.issn=00951137&rft_id=info:doi/10.1128%2FJCM.41.11.5258-5261.2003 LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Last updated - 2015-03-24 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Safety; Assays; Tuberculosis; Mycobacterium tuberculosis DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/JCM.41.11.5258-5261.2003 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Hazardous substances events associated with the manufacturing of chemicals and allied products AN - 19148947; 5755362 AB - This report describes events involving the acute release of hazardous substances reported to the Hazardous Substances Emergency Events Surveillance (HSEES) system for 1993-2000. HSEES, maintained by the Agency for Toxic Substances and Disease Registry (ATSDR), collects data on the industries/services associated with events. This analysis focuses on fixed- facility events that occurred during the manufacturing of chemicals and allied products (i.e. categorized according to the 1990 Industrial Classification System (ICS) of the US Bureau of the Census). This is the most frequently reported industry category in the surveillance system, with over 12, 000 events (28% of all events and 35% of fixed-facility events). Further classification found that the majority (71%) of these events involved the manufacturing of industrial and miscellaneous chemicals (ICS code 192), and 21% plastics, synthetics, and resins (ICS code 180). A total of 2676 persons reported injuries in 307 fixed-facility events. Most of the injured persons were employees (42%), followed by the general public (38%), students (15%), and responders (5%). Thirty-five percent of all injured persons and 46% of all injured employees had respiratory symptoms. Releases frequently occurred in processing vessels, and the majority was due to equipment failure. A review of the data indicates that manufacturers of chemicals and allied products could help reduce morbidity and mortality by taking preventive actions such as performing regular maintenance of processing equipment, regular training of employees and encouraging them to wear respiratory protection, and educating the public on what to do in the event of a release from these facilities. JF - Journal of Hazardous Materials AU - Manassaram, D M AU - Orr, M F AU - Kaye, W E AD - Division of Health Studies/Epidemiology and Surveillance Branch, Agency for Toxic Substances and Disease Registry, 1600 Clifton Rd. NE, Mailstop E-23, Atlanta, GA 30333, USA, dmanassaram@cdc.gov Y1 - 2003/11// PY - 2003 DA - Nov 2003 SP - 123 EP - 135 PB - Elsevier Science B.V., P.O. Box 211 Amsterdam 1000 AE Netherlands, [mailto:nlinfo-f@elsevier.nl], [URL:http://www.elsevier.nl/] VL - 104 IS - 1-3 SN - 0304-3894, 0304-3894 KW - Health & Safety Science Abstracts KW - Accidents KW - Hazardous materials KW - Training KW - Emergency preparedness KW - Occupational safety KW - H 1000:Occupational Safety and Health UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/19148947?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Ahealthsafetyabstracts&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Hazardous+Materials&rft.atitle=Hazardous+substances+events+associated+with+the+manufacturing+of+chemicals+and+allied+products&rft.au=Manassaram%2C+D+M%3BOrr%2C+M+F%3BKaye%2C+W+E&rft.aulast=Manassaram&rft.aufirst=D&rft.date=2003-11-01&rft.volume=104&rft.issue=1-3&rft.spage=123&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+Hazardous+Materials&rft.issn=03043894&rft_id=info:doi/10.1016%2FS0304-3894%2803%2900239-5 LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2010-05-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-14 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Accidents; Hazardous materials; Training; Emergency preparedness; Occupational safety DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0304-3894(03)00239-5 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Octamethylcyclotetrasiloxane exhibits estrogenic activity in mice via ER alpha AN - 18896760; 5771860 AB - Octamethylcyclotetrasiloxane (D4) is a low molecular weight cyclic silicone used in the synthesis of larger silicone polymers and in the formulation of a variety of personal care products. The effects of oral D4 exposure in mice on serum estradiol levels, uterine wet weight, and uterine peroxidase activity were investigated. Additionally, in vitro estrogen receptor binding activity was evaluated. Serum estradiol levels decreased in a dose-dependent manner after exposure to 100 mg/kg to 1000 mg/kg D4. Studies with adrenalectomized animals demonstrated that the decreased serum estradiol levels were not due to elevated serum corticosterone levels. Uterine wet weights in ovariectomized mice were significantly increased in a dose-dependent manner by exposure to 250-1000 mg of D4/kg, but not by exposure to other silicone compounds tested (hexamethylcyclotrisiloxane, decamethylcyclopentasiloxane, decamethyltetrasiloxane, and octaphenylcyclotetrasiloxane). Uterine peroxidase activity, a marker for estrogenic activity, was also significantly increased in D4-exposed mice, but not in mice exposed to the other siloxanes. Pretreating mice with the estrogen receptor antagonist ICI 182,780 completely blocked the D4-induced increase in uterine weight, and ovariectomized estrogen receptor- alpha knockout mice showed no increases in uterine weights when orally exposed to D4 or estradiol. In an in vitro estrogen receptor binding assay, D4 showed significant competition with super(3)H-estradiol for binding to estrogen receptor- alpha , but not estrogen receptor- beta . The data presented here indicate that D4 has weak estrogenic activity, and that these effects are mediated through estrogen receptor- alpha . JF - Toxicology and Applied Pharmacology AU - He, B AU - Rhodes-Brower, S AU - Miller, M R AU - Munson, A E AU - Germolec AU - Walker, V R AU - Korach, K S AU - Meade, B J AD - National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, Office of the Director, Morgantown, WV 26505, USA, bhm8@cdc.gov Y1 - 2003/11/01/ PY - 2003 DA - 2003 Nov 01 SP - 254 EP - 261 PB - Elsevier Inc. VL - 192 IS - 3 SN - 0041-008X, 0041-008X KW - mice KW - octamethylcyclotetrasiloxane KW - Toxicology Abstracts KW - X 24140:Cosmetics, toiletries & household products UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/18896760?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxicologyabstracts&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Toxicology+and+Applied+Pharmacology&rft.atitle=Octamethylcyclotetrasiloxane+exhibits+estrogenic+activity+in+mice+via+ER+alpha&rft.au=He%2C+B%3BRhodes-Brower%2C+S%3BMiller%2C+M+R%3BMunson%2C+A+E%3BGermolec%3BWalker%2C+V+R%3BKorach%2C+K+S%3BMeade%2C+B+J&rft.aulast=He&rft.aufirst=B&rft.date=2003-11-01&rft.volume=192&rft.issue=3&rft.spage=254&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Toxicology+and+Applied+Pharmacology&rft.issn=0041008X&rft_id=info:doi/10.1016%2FS0041-008X%2803%2900282-5 LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0041-008X(03)00282-5 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Multilaboratory Evaluation of a Viability Assay for Measurement of Opsonophagocytic Antibodies Specific to the Capsular Polysaccharides of Streptococcus pneumoniae AN - 18890918; 5751970 AB - Opsonophagocytosis is a correlate of protection that measures the functional activity of vaccine-induced antibodies. A standardized opsonophagocytosis assay (OPA) should be used as part of the evaluation of current and future pneumococcal (Pnc) polysaccharide (Ps)-based vaccines. We enrolled five laboratories to evaluate a previously standardized viability OPA. Each laboratory was provided with a detailed OPA protocol, seven target Pnc strains (serotypes 4, 6B, 9V, 14, 18C, 19F, and 23F), two quality control sera and 12 paired sera (blinded) from adult donors who received one dose of the 23-valent Pnc Ps vaccine. Laboratories sent their results to the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention for analysis. Sera were tested in duplicate (single run), and the results were averaged to yield a single OPA titer (=> 50% killing) for each serum sample. The percentage of sera within one or two dilutions of the calculated median OPA titer was determined for each laboratory and for each serotype. In general, laboratories were capable of detecting OPA titers within one or two dilutions of the median for at least 75 and 88%, respectively, of the sera tested. The level of agreement with the median OPA titers varied depending on the participating laboratory (overall agreement = 0.8 (99% confidence interval = 0.75 to 0.85)). All OPA median titers reported for quality control sera were within one dilution of the expected titer. We conclude that this OPA can be done in multiple laboratories with a high degree of interlaboratory reproducibility. JF - Clinical and Diagnostic Laboratory Immunology AU - Romero-Steiner, S AU - Frasch, C AU - Concepcion, N AU - Goldblatt, D AU - Kaeyhty, H AU - Vaekevaeinen, M AU - Laferriere, C AU - Wauters, D AU - Nahm, M H AU - Schinsky, M F AU - Plikaytis, B D AU - Carlone, G M AD - MS A-36, Respiratory Diseases Immunology Section, Respiratory Diseases Branch, Division of Bacterial and Mycotic Diseases, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, 1600 Clifton Rd., Atlanta, GA 30333, Ssteiner@cdc.gov Y1 - 2003/11// PY - 2003 DA - Nov 2003 SP - 1019 EP - 1024 PB - American Society for Microbiology, 1752 N Street N.W. Washington, DC 20036 USA, [URL:http://www.asm.org/] VL - 10 IS - 6 SN - 1071-412X, 1071-412X KW - man KW - polysaccharides KW - Microbiology Abstracts B: Bacteriology; Immunology Abstracts KW - J 02831:Techniques and reagents KW - F 06807:Active immunization UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/18890918?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologyb&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Clinical+and+Diagnostic+Laboratory+Immunology&rft.atitle=Multilaboratory+Evaluation+of+a+Viability+Assay+for+Measurement+of+Opsonophagocytic+Antibodies+Specific+to+the+Capsular+Polysaccharides+of+Streptococcus+pneumoniae&rft.au=Romero-Steiner%2C+S%3BFrasch%2C+C%3BConcepcion%2C+N%3BGoldblatt%2C+D%3BKaeyhty%2C+H%3BVaekevaeinen%2C+M%3BLaferriere%2C+C%3BWauters%2C+D%3BNahm%2C+M+H%3BSchinsky%2C+M+F%3BPlikaytis%2C+B+D%3BCarlone%2C+G+M&rft.aulast=Romero-Steiner&rft.aufirst=S&rft.date=2003-11-01&rft.volume=10&rft.issue=6&rft.spage=1019&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Clinical+and+Diagnostic+Laboratory+Immunology&rft.issn=1071412X&rft_id=info:doi/10.1128%2FCDLI.10.6.1019-1024.2003 LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/CDLI.10.6.1019-1024.2003 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Characterization of DNA adducts from lung tissue of asphalt fume-exposed mice by nanoflow liquid chromatography quadrupole time-of-flight mass spectrometry AN - 18880822; 5739032 AB - A bioanalytical method based on nanoflow liquid chromatography coupled to a hybrid quadrupole orthogonal acceleration time-of-flight mass spectrometry was developed to characterize selected polyaromatic hydrocarbon (PAH)-DNA adducts. The collision-induced dissociation of analytes results in characteristic fragmentation patterns that can be utilized to identify the DNA adducts. In the experiment, 32 B6C3F1 mice were exposed daily (4 h/day) to asphalt fume in a whole-body inhalation chamber for 10 days; 16 nonexposed mice served as controls. The asphalt fume was generated at 180 degree C and the concentrations of PAHs in the animal exposure chamber ranged from 152 to 198 mg/m super(3). The DNA adducts N super(2)-deoxyguanosine-benzo(a)pyrene-7, 8-dihydrodiol-9, 10- epoxide (N super(2)-dG-BPDE); N super(6)-deoxyadenosine-benzo(a)pyrene-7, 8- dihydrodiol-9, 10-epoxide (N super(6)-dA-BPDE), and N super(4)-deoxycytidine- benzo(a)pyrene-7, 8-dihydrodiol-9, 10-epoxide (N super(4)-dC-BPDE) were identified. The concentrations of N super(2)-dG-BPDE, N super(6)-dA-BPDE, and N super(4)-dC-BPDE adducts were determined to be 1.17, 0.97, and 0.68 pmol/mg DNA, respectively, in the lung tissue of exposed mice using the nanoflow technique. The total DNA adducts in exposed lung tissue was determined to be 8.35 pmol/mg DNA by super(32)P-postlabeling assay. In total, the results indicated that PAH-DNA adducts were significantly elevated (p<0.001) in the lung tissue of asphalt-fume-exposed mice relative to tissue from control animals. JF - Analytical Biochemistry AU - Wang, J J AU - Marshall, W D AU - Frazer, D G AU - Law, B AU - Lewis, D M AD - National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, Morgantown, WV 26505, USA, juw9@cdc.gov Y1 - 2003/11// PY - 2003 DA - Nov 2003 SP - 79 EP - 88 PB - Academic Press, Inc., 525 B St. Ste. 1900 San Diego CA 92101-4495 USA, [mailto:apsubs@acad.com] VL - 322 IS - 1 SN - 0003-2697, 0003-2697 KW - mice KW - Biochemistry Abstracts 2: Nucleic Acids; Toxicology Abstracts KW - N 14630:Chemical reactions & interactions, including effects of radiation KW - X 24155:Biochemistry UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/18880822?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxicologyabstracts&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Analytical+Biochemistry&rft.atitle=Characterization+of+DNA+adducts+from+lung+tissue+of+asphalt+fume-exposed+mice+by+nanoflow+liquid+chromatography+quadrupole+time-of-flight+mass+spectrometry&rft.au=Wang%2C+J+J%3BMarshall%2C+W+D%3BFrazer%2C+D+G%3BLaw%2C+B%3BLewis%2C+D+M&rft.aulast=Wang&rft.aufirst=J&rft.date=2003-11-01&rft.volume=322&rft.issue=1&rft.spage=79&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Analytical+Biochemistry&rft.issn=00032697&rft_id=info:doi/10.1016%2Fj.ab.2003.07.001 LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ab.2003.07.001 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Metabolic risks identified by the combination of enlarged waist and elevated triacylglycerol concentration AN - 17958008; 5900647 AB - Background: Abdominal fat and circulating triacylglycerols increase with age, which indicates lipid overaccumulation. Enlarged waist (EW) with elevated triacylglycerols (ET) could identify adults at metabolic risk. Objective: Using thresholds for EW and ET observed among the youngest adults, we estimated for all adults the prevalence of combined EW and ET (EWET) and described the metabolic risks associated with EWET. Design: In a cross-sectional, weighted sample of 9183 adults, we used two-dimensional displays to provide thresholds for EW (men: greater than or equal to 95 cm; women: greater than or equal to 88 cm) and fasting ET ( greater than or equal to 1.45 mmol/L) and estimated the characteristics of EWET among adults of all ages. Results: The population prevalence of EWET in 18-24-y-olds was 6%; it rose with age until age 55-74 y (prevalence: 43%) and then was lower among the elderly. Persons with EWET were more likely (P < 0.0001) to have adverse mean ( plus or minus SEE) concentrations of risk variables in adjusted analyses (fasting insulin: 43 plus or minus 3 pmol/L; HDL cholesterol: -0.27 plus or minus 0.02 mmol/L; apolipoprotein B: 0.20 plus or minus 0.01 g/L; fasting glucose: 0.71 plus or minus 0.07 mmol/L; uric acid: 50 plus or minus 2 mu mol/L) and to have diabetes (relative risk: 3.2) than were persons without EWET. Compared with a similar-size subpopulation with high body mass index, persons with EWET were older and had more dyslipidemia, hyperglycemia, and hyperuricemia. Compared with "metabolic syndrome," EWET identified more persons who were younger and had greater LDL-cholesterol and apolipoprotein B concentrations. Compared with "prediabetes," EWET identified more persons with hyperinsulinemia, dyslipidemia, and hyperuricemia. Conclusions: EWET identifies a syndrome of lipid overaccumulation associated with metabolic risk and accelerated mortality after middle age. Prospective studies should evaluate this simple indicator. JF - American Journal of Clinical Nutrition AU - Kahn, H S AU - Valdez, R AD - National Center for Chronic Disease Prevention and Health Promotion, Atlanta, GA, USA Y1 - 2003/11/01/ PY - 2003 DA - 2003 Nov 01 SP - 928 EP - 934 PB - American Society for Clinical Nutrition VL - 78 IS - 5 SN - 0002-9165, 0002-9165 KW - Physical Education Index KW - Anthropometry KW - Lipids KW - Risk factors KW - Nutrition (effects) KW - Gerontology KW - Metabolism KW - PE 030:Exercise, Health & Physical Fitness UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/17958008?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aphysicaleducation&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=American+Journal+of+Clinical+Nutrition&rft.atitle=Metabolic+risks+identified+by+the+combination+of+enlarged+waist+and+elevated+triacylglycerol+concentration&rft.au=Kahn%2C+H+S%3BValdez%2C+R&rft.aulast=Kahn&rft.aufirst=H&rft.date=2003-11-01&rft.volume=78&rft.issue=5&rft.spage=928&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=American+Journal+of+Clinical+Nutrition&rft.issn=00029165&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - Physical Education Index N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Anthropometry; Nutrition (effects); Gerontology; Risk factors; Lipids; Metabolism ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Barium toxicity after exposure to contaminated contrast solution--Goias State, Brazil, 2003. AN - 71316163; 14586298 AB - Barium-containing contrast solutions are commonly used in radiologic studies. On May 22, 2003, three patients at radiology clinics in Goias State, Brazil, were hospitalized after ingesting such solutions; two persons died within 24 hours of hospitalization. Exposure occurred during radiologic examination of the upper or lower gastrointestinal tract. An investigation was conducted by municipal and state public health authorities with assistance from the Ministry of Health's National Agency for Sanitary Surveillance (ANVISA) and Brazil's Field Epidemiology Training Program (FETP), known locally as EPISUS. This report summarizes the results of that investigation, which found that 44 persons had suspected barium toxicity, nine of whom died. Eight of the nine deaths were linked to a single lot of brand A contrast solution. A national recall was announced on May 23, and the manufacturing facility was inspected and closed. Clinicians should be alert for signs of barium toxicity in patients in the hours after administration of contrast solutions during radiologic studies. JF - MMWR. Morbidity and mortality weekly report AU - Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) AD - Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) Y1 - 2003/10/31/ PY - 2003 DA - 2003 Oct 31 SP - 1047 EP - 1048 VL - 52 IS - 43 KW - Barium Compounds KW - 0 KW - Contrast Media KW - Index Medicus KW - Humans KW - Poisoning -- epidemiology KW - Brazil -- epidemiology KW - Contrast Media -- poisoning KW - Barium Compounds -- poisoning UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/71316163?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=MMWR.+Morbidity+and+mortality+weekly+report&rft.atitle=Barium+toxicity+after+exposure+to+contaminated+contrast+solution--Goias+State%2C+Brazil%2C+2003.&rft.au=Centers+for+Disease+Control+and+Prevention+%28CDC%29&rft.aulast=Centers+for+Disease+Control+and+Prevention+%28CDC%29&rft.aufirst=&rft.date=2003-10-31&rft.volume=52&rft.issue=43&rft.spage=1047&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=MMWR.+Morbidity+and+mortality+weekly+report&rft.issn=1545-861X&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 2003-10-31 N1 - Date created - 2003-10-30 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Exposure to carbon nanotube material: assessment of nanotube cytotoxicity using human keratinocyte cells. AN - 75730388; 14514433 AB - Carbon nanotubes are new members of carbon allotropes similar to fullerenes and graphite. Because of their unique electrical, mechanical, and thermal properties, carbon nanotubes are important for novel applications in the electronics, aerospace, and computer industries. Exposure to graphite and carbon materials has been associated with increased incidence of skin diseases, such as carbon fiber dermatitis, hyperkeratosis, and naevi. We investigated adverse effects of single-wall carbon nanotubes (SWCNT) using a cell culture of immortalized human epidermal keratinocytes (HaCaT). After 18 h of exposure of HaCaT to SWCNT, oxidative stress and cellular toxicity were indicated by formation of free radicals, accumulation of peroxidative products, antioxidant depletion, and loss of cell viability. Exposure to SWCNT also resulted in ultrastructural and morphological changes in cultured skin cells. These data indicate that dermal exposure to unrefined SWCNT may lead to dermal toxicity due to accelerated oxidative stress in the skin of exposed workers. JF - Journal of toxicology and environmental health. Part A AU - Shvedova, Anna A AU - Castranova, Vincent AU - Kisin, Elena R AU - Schwegler-Berry, Diane AU - Murray, Ashley R AU - Gandelsman, Vadim Z AU - Maynard, Andrew AU - Baron, Paul AD - Pathology and Physiology Research Branch, National Institute of Occupational Safety and Health, and Physiology and Pharmacology Department, West Virginia University, Morgantown 26505, USA. ats1@cdc.gov Y1 - 2003/10/24/ PY - 2003 DA - 2003 Oct 24 SP - 1909 EP - 1926 VL - 66 IS - 20 SN - 1528-7394, 1528-7394 KW - Free Radicals KW - 0 KW - Nanotubes, Carbon KW - Index Medicus KW - Cells, Cultured KW - Humans KW - Oxidative Stress -- drug effects KW - Lipid Peroxidation -- drug effects KW - Free Radicals -- metabolism KW - Microscopy, Electron, Scanning KW - Keratinocytes -- drug effects KW - Nanotubes, Carbon -- adverse effects UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/75730388?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+toxicology+and+environmental+health.+Part+A&rft.atitle=Exposure+to+carbon+nanotube+material%3A+assessment+of+nanotube+cytotoxicity+using+human+keratinocyte+cells.&rft.au=Shvedova%2C+Anna+A%3BCastranova%2C+Vincent%3BKisin%2C+Elena+R%3BSchwegler-Berry%2C+Diane%3BMurray%2C+Ashley+R%3BGandelsman%2C+Vadim+Z%3BMaynard%2C+Andrew%3BBaron%2C+Paul&rft.aulast=Shvedova&rft.aufirst=Anna&rft.date=2003-10-24&rft.volume=66&rft.issue=20&rft.spage=1909&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+toxicology+and+environmental+health.+Part+A&rft.issn=15287394&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 2003-11-25 N1 - Date created - 2003-09-29 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - West Nile virus infection among turkey breeder farm workers--Wisconsin, 2002. AN - 71292205; 14574276 AB - In 2002, Wisconsin public health officials were notified of two cases of febrile illness in workers at a commercial turkey breeder farm (farm A) in county A. The Wisconsin Division of Public Health (WDPH) initiated an investigation that found a high prevalence of West Nile virus (WNV) antibody among farm A workers and turkeys. An associated high incidence of febrile illness among farm A workers also was observed. This report summarizes the results of this investigation, which indicate possible nonmosquito transmission among birds and subsequent infection of humans at farm A. Because the mode of transmission in this outbreak is unknown, turkey handlers should take appropriate precautions, including use of DEET--containing mosquito repellents, protective clothing and gloves, respiratory protection, and proper hand hygiene. Suspected occupationally acquired WNV infections should be reported immediately to local and state health departments. JF - MMWR. Morbidity and mortality weekly report AU - Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) AD - Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) Y1 - 2003/10/24/ PY - 2003 DA - 2003 Oct 24 SP - 1017 EP - 1019 VL - 52 IS - 42 KW - Index Medicus KW - Animals KW - Humans KW - Wisconsin -- epidemiology KW - Occupational Exposure KW - West Nile Fever -- veterinary KW - Poultry Diseases -- virology KW - West Nile virus -- isolation & purification KW - Animal Husbandry KW - West Nile Fever -- epidemiology KW - West Nile Fever -- transmission KW - West Nile Fever -- prevention & control KW - Turkeys -- virology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/71292205?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=MMWR.+Morbidity+and+mortality+weekly+report&rft.atitle=West+Nile+virus+infection+among+turkey+breeder+farm+workers--Wisconsin%2C+2002.&rft.au=Centers+for+Disease+Control+and+Prevention+%28CDC%29&rft.aulast=Centers+for+Disease+Control+and+Prevention+%28CDC%29&rft.aufirst=&rft.date=2003-10-24&rft.volume=52&rft.issue=42&rft.spage=1017&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=MMWR.+Morbidity+and+mortality+weekly+report&rft.issn=1545-861X&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 2003-10-24 N1 - Date created - 2003-10-23 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Prevalence of IgG antibody to SARS-associated coronavirus in animal traders--Guangdong Province, China, 2003. AN - 71281231; 14561956 AB - Severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS) was identified in 2003 as an infectious disease caused by the SARS-associated coronavirus (SARS-CoV), a member of the coronavirus family not observed previously in humans. Because its sequence data differ from that of known human coronaviruses, SARS-CoV is suspected to have crossed the species barrier between an animal host and humans. The SARS outbreak began in China's Guangdong Province, where approximately 1,500 probable cases were identified during November 2002-June 2003. Detection of SARS-like coronavirus has been reported previously in masked palm civets (sometimes called civet cats) and a raccoon dog for sale in a live animal market in Shenzhen municipality. This report summarizes results of an investigation conducted by public health authorities in Guangdong Province, which compared the seroprevalence of SARS-CoV IgG antibody in animal traders (i.e., workers in live animal markets) with that of persons in control groups. The results indicated that 13% of the animal traders, none of whom had SARS diagnosed, had IgG antibody to SARS-CoV, compared with 1%-3% of persons in three control groups. Although the results provide indirect support for the hypothesis of an animal origin for SARS, they also underscore the need for detailed patient histories and more focused animal studies to confirm an animal origin for SARS. JF - MMWR. Morbidity and mortality weekly report AU - Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) AD - Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) Y1 - 2003/10/17/ PY - 2003 DA - 2003 Oct 17 SP - 986 EP - 987 VL - 52 IS - 41 KW - Antibodies, Viral KW - 0 KW - Immunoglobulin G KW - Index Medicus KW - Immunoglobulin G -- blood KW - Animals KW - Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome -- epidemiology KW - Humans KW - China -- epidemiology KW - Seroepidemiologic Studies KW - Carrier State KW - Disease Reservoirs KW - Antibodies, Viral -- blood KW - SARS Virus -- isolation & purification KW - Animal Husbandry KW - Occupational Exposure -- analysis UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/71281231?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=MMWR.+Morbidity+and+mortality+weekly+report&rft.atitle=Prevalence+of+IgG+antibody+to+SARS-associated+coronavirus+in+animal+traders--Guangdong+Province%2C+China%2C+2003.&rft.au=Centers+for+Disease+Control+and+Prevention+%28CDC%29&rft.aulast=Centers+for+Disease+Control+and+Prevention+%28CDC%29&rft.aufirst=&rft.date=2003-10-17&rft.volume=52&rft.issue=41&rft.spage=986&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=MMWR.+Morbidity+and+mortality+weekly+report&rft.issn=1545-861X&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 2003-10-17 N1 - Date created - 2003-10-16 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Yersinia enterocolitica gastroenteritis among infants exposed to chitterlings--Chicago, Illinois, 2002. AN - 75751120; 14534510 AB - During December 2002-January 2003, the Chicago Department of Public Health (CDPH) investigated a cluster of Yersinia enterocolitica infections reported during a 10-week period among nine Chicago infants aged < or =1 year. This report summarizes the investigation of these cases and underscores the continuing risks for enteric infection among infants exposed to chitterlings (i.e., pork intestines), and the need for health-care providers to be aware of Y. enterocolitica as a cause of gastroenteritis, particularly in black children during traditional winter holiday celebrations. JF - MMWR. Morbidity and mortality weekly report AU - Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) AD - Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) Y1 - 2003/10/10/ PY - 2003 DA - 2003 Oct 10 SP - 956 EP - 958 VL - 52 IS - 40 KW - Index Medicus KW - Swine KW - Infant KW - Chicago -- epidemiology KW - Animals KW - Gastroenteritis -- microbiology KW - Humans KW - Meat Products KW - Meat -- microbiology KW - Gastroenteritis -- epidemiology KW - Yersinia Infections -- epidemiology KW - Foodborne Diseases -- epidemiology KW - Yersinia Infections -- etiology KW - Foodborne Diseases -- microbiology KW - Yersinia enterocolitica -- isolation & purification UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/75751120?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=MMWR.+Morbidity+and+mortality+weekly+report&rft.atitle=Yersinia+enterocolitica+gastroenteritis+among+infants+exposed+to+chitterlings--Chicago%2C+Illinois%2C+2002.&rft.au=Centers+for+Disease+Control+and+Prevention+%28CDC%29&rft.aulast=Centers+for+Disease+Control+and+Prevention+%28CDC%29&rft.aufirst=&rft.date=2003-10-10&rft.volume=52&rft.issue=40&rft.spage=956&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=MMWR.+Morbidity+and+mortality+weekly+report&rft.issn=1545-861X&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 2003-10-14 N1 - Date created - 2003-10-09 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Follow-up of deaths among U.S. Postal Service workers potentially exposed to Bacillus anthracis--District of Columbia, 2001-2002. AN - 75743522; 14523371 AB - In October 2001, two letters contaminated with Bacillus anthracis spores were processed by mechanical and manual methods at the U.S. Postal Service (USPS) Brentwood Mail Processing and Distribution Center in the District of Columbia. Four postal workers at the Brentwood facility became ill with what was diagnosed eventually as inhalational anthrax; two died. The facility was closed on October 21, and postexposure prophylaxis was recommended for approximately 2,500 workers and business visitors. Subsequent reports of deaths of facility workers prompted concern about whether mortality was unusually high among workers, perhaps related to the anthrax attacks. To evaluate the rates and causes of death among workers at the Brentwood facility during October 12, 2001-October 11, 2002, CDC, in collaboration with state and local health departments, analyzed death certificate data. In addition, these data were compared with aggregate mortality data from the five USPS facilities contaminated with B. anthracis during the fall 2001 anthrax attacks. This report summarizes the results of that analysis, which indicate that rates and causes of death among Brentwood workers during the 12 months after the anthrax attacks of 2001 were not different from rates and causes of deaths that occurred during the preceding 5 years. JF - MMWR. Morbidity and mortality weekly report AU - Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) AD - Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) Y1 - 2003/10/03/ PY - 2003 DA - 2003 Oct 03 SP - 937 EP - 938 VL - 52 IS - 39 KW - Index Medicus KW - Humans KW - District of Columbia -- epidemiology KW - Follow-Up Studies KW - Postal Service -- statistics & numerical data KW - Spores, Bacterial KW - Occupational Exposure -- statistics & numerical data KW - Anthrax KW - Bioterrorism KW - Bacillus anthracis KW - Cause of Death UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/75743522?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=MMWR.+Morbidity+and+mortality+weekly+report&rft.atitle=Follow-up+of+deaths+among+U.S.+Postal+Service+workers+potentially+exposed+to+Bacillus+anthracis--District+of+Columbia%2C+2001-2002.&rft.au=Centers+for+Disease+Control+and+Prevention+%28CDC%29&rft.aulast=Centers+for+Disease+Control+and+Prevention+%28CDC%29&rft.aufirst=&rft.date=2003-10-03&rft.volume=52&rft.issue=39&rft.spage=937&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=MMWR.+Morbidity+and+mortality+weekly+report&rft.issn=1545-861X&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 2003-10-08 N1 - Date created - 2003-10-02 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Recognition of illness associated with exposure to chemical agents--United States, 2003. AN - 75738647; 14523372 AB - Since September 11, 2001, concern has increased about potential terrorist attacks involving the use of chemical agents. In addition, recent cases involving intentional or inadvertent contamination of food with chemicals have highlighted the need for health-care providers and public health officials to be alert for patients in their communities who have signs and symptoms consistent with chemical exposures. For example, in February 2003, a Michigan supermarket worker was charged with intentionally contaminating 200 lbs. of meat with a nicotine-containing insecticide. Although intentional release of chemical agents might be an overt event (i.e., one whose nature reveals itself), such as release of a nerve agent in a subway or a large explosion of a chemical container, a chemical release might instead be a covert event (i.e., an unrecognized release in which the presence of ill persons might be the first sign of an exposure), such as deliberate contamination of food, water, or a consumer product. To increase the likelihood that health-care providers will recognize a chemical-release-related illness and that public health authorities will implement the appropriate emergency response and public health actions, CDC identified examples of chemical-induced illness and created appropriate guidance for health-care providers and public health personnel. This report summarizes the epidemiologic clues and clinical signs or patterns of illness that might suggest covert release of a chemical agent. CDC is working to develop national surveillance capabilities for detecting chemical-release-related illnesses. JF - MMWR. Morbidity and mortality weekly report AU - Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) AD - Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) Y1 - 2003/10/03/ PY - 2003 DA - 2003 Oct 03 SP - 938 EP - 940 VL - 52 IS - 39 KW - Chemical Warfare Agents KW - 0 KW - Hazardous Substances KW - Index Medicus KW - United States KW - Humans KW - Poisoning -- epidemiology KW - Poisoning -- diagnosis KW - Public Health KW - Chemical Warfare Agents -- poisoning KW - Hazardous Substances -- poisoning UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/75738647?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=MMWR.+Morbidity+and+mortality+weekly+report&rft.atitle=Recognition+of+illness+associated+with+exposure+to+chemical+agents--United+States%2C+2003.&rft.au=Centers+for+Disease+Control+and+Prevention+%28CDC%29&rft.aulast=Centers+for+Disease+Control+and+Prevention+%28CDC%29&rft.aufirst=&rft.date=2003-10-03&rft.volume=52&rft.issue=39&rft.spage=938&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=MMWR.+Morbidity+and+mortality+weekly+report&rft.issn=1545-861X&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 2003-10-08 N1 - Date created - 2003-10-02 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Risk of laryngeal cancer by occupational chemical exposure in Turkey. AN - 75749813; 14534452 AB - Laryngeal cancer is the second most common cancer among men in Turkey. In this hospital based case-control study, we evaluated laryngeal cancer risks from occupational chemical exposures. We analyzed 940 laryngeal cancer cases and 1519 controls. Occupational history, tobacco, and alcohol use and demographic information were obtained by a questionnaire. The job and industries were classified by special seven-digit codes. We calculated odds ratios (ORs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) based on a developed exposure matrix for chemicals, including diesel exhaust, gasoline exhaust, polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs), formaldehyde, and solvents. An excess of laryngeal cancer occurred with diesel exhaust (OR=1.5, 95% CI=1.3-1.9), gasoline exhaust (OR=1.6, 95% CI=1.3-2.0), and PAHs (OR=1.3, 95% CI=1.1-1.6). There was a dose-response relationship for these substances with supraglottic cancers (P<0.000). The PAH association only occurred among those who also had exposure to diesel exhaust. JF - Journal of occupational and environmental medicine AU - Elci, Omur Cinar AU - Akpinar-Elci, Muge AU - Blair, Aaron AU - Dosemeci, Mustafa AD - Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, Rockville, Maryland, USA. oae3@cdc.gov Y1 - 2003/10// PY - 2003 DA - October 2003 SP - 1100 EP - 1106 VL - 45 IS - 10 SN - 1076-2752, 1076-2752 KW - Air Pollutants, Occupational KW - 0 KW - Carcinogens, Environmental KW - Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons KW - Vehicle Emissions KW - Index Medicus KW - Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons -- toxicity KW - Humans KW - Air Pollutants, Occupational -- adverse effects KW - Alcohol Drinking KW - Risk Assessment -- methods KW - Smoking KW - Vehicle Emissions -- toxicity KW - Logistic Models KW - Adult KW - Surveys and Questionnaires KW - Case-Control Studies KW - Turkey -- epidemiology KW - Middle Aged KW - Occupations -- classification KW - Male KW - Inhalation Exposure -- adverse effects KW - Laryngeal Neoplasms -- chemically induced KW - Occupational Exposure -- classification KW - Occupational Exposure -- adverse effects KW - Laryngeal Neoplasms -- epidemiology KW - Occupational Diseases -- epidemiology KW - Carcinogens, Environmental -- toxicity KW - Occupational Diseases -- chemically induced UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/75749813?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+occupational+and+environmental+medicine&rft.atitle=Risk+of+laryngeal+cancer+by+occupational+chemical+exposure+in+Turkey.&rft.au=Elci%2C+Omur+Cinar%3BAkpinar-Elci%2C+Muge%3BBlair%2C+Aaron%3BDosemeci%2C+Mustafa&rft.aulast=Elci&rft.aufirst=Omur&rft.date=2003-10-01&rft.volume=45&rft.issue=10&rft.spage=1100&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+occupational+and+environmental+medicine&rft.issn=10762752&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 2004-03-04 N1 - Date created - 2003-10-09 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Iron supplementation during pregnancy, anemia, and birth weight: a randomized controlled trial. AN - 75737641; 14522736 AB - The need for prophylactic iron during pregnancy is uncertain. We tested the hypothesis that administration of a daily iron supplement from enrollment to 28 wk of gestation to initially iron-replete, nonanemic pregnant women would reduce the prevalence of anemia at 28 wk and increase birth weight. Between June 1995 and September 1998, 513 low-income pregnant women in Cleveland were enrolled in the study before 20 wk of gestation. Of these, 275 had a hemoglobin concentration >/= 110 g/L and a ferritin concentration >/= 20 micro g/L and were randomly assigned to receive a monthly supply of capsules containing either 30 mg Fe as ferrous sulfate or placebo until 28 wk of gestation. At 28 and 38 wk of gestation, women with a ferritin concentration of 12 to < 20 micro g/L or < 12 micro g/L received 30 and 60 mg Fe/d, respectively, regardless of initial assignment. Almost all the women received some supplemental iron during pregnancy. We obtained infant birth weight and gestational age at delivery for 117 and 96 of the 146 and 129 women randomly assigned to receive iron and placebo, respectively. Compared with placebo, iron supplementation from enrollment to 28 wk of gestation did not significantly affect the overall prevalence of anemia or the incidence of preterm births but led to a significantly higher mean (+/- SD) birth weight (206 +/- 565 g; P = 0.010), a significantly lower incidence of low-birth-weight infants (4% compared with 17%; P = 0.003), and a significantly lower incidence of preterm low-birth-weight infants (3% compared with 10%; P = 0.017). Prenatal prophylactic iron supplementation deserves further examination as a measure to improve birth weight and potentially reduce health care costs. JF - The American journal of clinical nutrition AU - Cogswell, Mary E AU - Parvanta, Ibrahim AU - Ickes, Liza AU - Yip, Ray AU - Brittenham, Gary M AD - Division of Nutrition and Physical Activity, National Center for Chronic Disease Prevention and Health Promotion, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA 30341, USA. mec0@cdc.gov Y1 - 2003/10// PY - 2003 DA - October 2003 SP - 773 EP - 781 VL - 78 IS - 4 SN - 0002-9165, 0002-9165 KW - Ferrous Compounds KW - 0 KW - ferrous sulfate KW - 39R4TAN1VT KW - Ferritins KW - 9007-73-2 KW - Abridged Index Medicus KW - Index Medicus KW - Ferritins -- blood KW - Humans KW - Adult KW - Infant, Newborn KW - Female KW - Pregnancy KW - Anemia, Iron-Deficiency -- prevention & control KW - Ferrous Compounds -- pharmacology KW - Ferrous Compounds -- administration & dosage KW - Birth Weight -- drug effects KW - Pregnancy Outcome UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/75737641?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+American+journal+of+clinical+nutrition&rft.atitle=Iron+supplementation+during+pregnancy%2C+anemia%2C+and+birth+weight%3A+a+randomized+controlled+trial.&rft.au=Cogswell%2C+Mary+E%3BParvanta%2C+Ibrahim%3BIckes%2C+Liza%3BYip%2C+Ray%3BBrittenham%2C+Gary+M&rft.aulast=Cogswell&rft.aufirst=Mary&rft.date=2003-10-01&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=B.10&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Wall+Street+Journal&rft.issn=00999660&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 2003-10-23 N1 - Date created - 2003-10-02 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - SuppNotes - Comment In: Am J Clin Nutr. 2003 Oct;78(4):673-4 [14522723] N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Serious adverse events among participants in the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention's Anthrax Vaccine and Antimicrobial Availability Program for persons at risk for bioterrorism-related inhalational anthrax. AN - 73668881; 13130401 AB - On 20 December 2001, the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) initiated the Anthrax Vaccine and Antibiotic Availability Program (hereafter, the "Program") under an investigational new drug application with the US Food and Drug Administration. This Program provided options for additional preventive treatment for persons at risk for inhalation anthrax as a result of recent bioterrorism attacks who had concluded or were concluding a 60-day course of antimicrobial prophylaxis. Participants were offered an additional 40 days of antibiotic therapy (with ciprofloxacin, doxycycline, or amoxicillin) or antibiotic therapy plus 3 doses of anthrax vaccine. By 11 February 2002, a total of 5420 persons had received standardized education about the Program and 1727 persons (32%) had enrolled. Twelve participants have been identified as having serious adverse events (SAEs). One SAE, which occurred in a participant with ciprofloxacin-induced allergic interstitial nephritis, was considered to be probably associated with treatment received in the Program. No SAEs were associated with anthrax vaccine. CDC will continue to monitor Program participants during the next 2 years. JF - Clinical infectious diseases : an official publication of the Infectious Diseases Society of America AU - Tierney, Bruce C AU - Martin, Stacey W AU - Franzke, Laura H AU - Marano, Nina AU - Reissman, Dori B AU - Louchart, Randy D AU - Goff, Joyce A AU - Rosenstein, Nancy E AU - Sever, John L AU - McNeil, Michael M AU - Centers for Disease Control and Prevention's Anthrax Vaccine and Antimicrobial Availability Program AD - Epidemiology Program Office, National Center for Infectious Diseases, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia 30333, USA. bgt2@cdc.gov ; Centers for Disease Control and Prevention's Anthrax Vaccine and Antimicrobial Availability Program Y1 - 2003/10/01/ PY - 2003 DA - 2003 Oct 01 SP - 905 EP - 911 VL - 37 IS - 7 KW - Anthrax Vaccines KW - 0 KW - Index Medicus KW - United States KW - Spores, Bacterial KW - Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (U.S.) KW - Adverse Drug Reaction Reporting Systems KW - Humans KW - Bacillus anthracis KW - Anthrax Vaccines -- adverse effects KW - Anthrax -- prevention & control KW - Anthrax -- microbiology KW - Bioterrorism KW - Anthrax Vaccines -- administration & dosage UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/73668881?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Clinical+infectious+diseases+%3A+an+official+publication+of+the+Infectious+Diseases+Society+of+America&rft.atitle=Serious+adverse+events+among+participants+in+the+Centers+for+Disease+Control+and+Prevention%27s+Anthrax+Vaccine+and+Antimicrobial+Availability+Program+for+persons+at+risk+for+bioterrorism-related+inhalational+anthrax.&rft.au=Tierney%2C+Bruce+C%3BMartin%2C+Stacey+W%3BFranzke%2C+Laura+H%3BMarano%2C+Nina%3BReissman%2C+Dori+B%3BLouchart%2C+Randy+D%3BGoff%2C+Joyce+A%3BRosenstein%2C+Nancy+E%3BSever%2C+John+L%3BMcNeil%2C+Michael+M%3BCenters+for+Disease+Control+and+Prevention%27s+Anthrax+Vaccine+and+Antimicrobial+Availability+Program&rft.aulast=Tierney&rft.aufirst=Bruce&rft.date=2003-10-01&rft.volume=37&rft.issue=7&rft.spage=905&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Clinical+infectious+diseases+%3A+an+official+publication+of+the+Infectious+Diseases+Society+of+America&rft.issn=1537-6591&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 2003-11-03 N1 - Date created - 2003-09-17 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Six interaction profiles for simple mixtures. AN - 73518378; 12892681 AB - The Agency for Toxic Substances and Disease Registry (ATSDR) has a program for chemical mixtures that encompasses research on chemical mixtures toxicity, health risk assessment, and development of innovative computational methods. ATSDR prepared a guidance document that instructs users on how to conduct health risk assessment on chemical mixtures (Guidance Manual for the Assessment of Joint Toxic Action of Chemical Mixtures). ATSDR also developed six interaction profiles for chemical mixtures. Two profiles were developed for persistent environmental chemicals that are often found in contaminated fish and also can be detected in human breast milk. The mixture included chlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxins, hexachlorobenzene, dichlorodiphenyl dichloroethane, methyl mercury, and polychlorinated biphenyls. Two profiles each were developed for mixtures of metals and mixtures of volatile organic chemicals (VOCs) that are frequently found at hazardous waste sites. The two metal profiles dealt with (a) lead, manganese, zinc, and copper; and (b) arsenic, cadmium, chromium, and lead; the two VOCs mixtures dealt with (a) 1,1,1-trichloroethane, 1,1-dichloroethane, trichloroethylene, and tetrachloroethylene; and (b) benzene, ethylbenzene, toluene, and xylenes (BTEX). Weight-of-evidence methodology was used to assess the joint toxic action for most of the mixtures. Physiologically based pharmacokinetic modeling was used for BTEX. In most cases, a target-organ toxicity dose modification of the hazard index approach is recommended for conducting exposure-based assessments of noncancer health hazards. JF - Chemosphere AU - Pohl, Hana R AU - Roney, Nickolette AU - Wilbur, Sharon AU - Hansen, Hugh AU - De Rosa, Christopher T AD - Agency for Toxic Substances and Disease Registry, US Department of Health and Human Services, 1600 Clifton Road, Atlanta, Georgia 30333, USA. hpohl@cdc.gov Y1 - 2003/10// PY - 2003 DA - October 2003 SP - 183 EP - 197 VL - 53 IS - 2 SN - 0045-6535, 0045-6535 KW - Benzene Derivatives KW - 0 KW - Environmental Pollutants KW - Hazardous Substances KW - Hazardous Waste KW - Hydrocarbons, Chlorinated KW - Metals, Heavy KW - Methylmercury Compounds KW - Arsenic KW - N712M78A8G KW - Index Medicus KW - United States KW - Animals KW - Arsenic -- analysis KW - Milk, Human -- chemistry KW - Benzene Derivatives -- pharmacokinetics KW - Arsenic -- toxicity KW - Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (U.S.) KW - Humans KW - Volatilization KW - Organ Specificity KW - Metals, Heavy -- toxicity KW - Benzene Derivatives -- analysis KW - Methylmercury Compounds -- toxicity KW - Risk Assessment KW - Metals, Heavy -- analysis KW - Benzene Derivatives -- toxicity KW - Hydrocarbons, Chlorinated -- toxicity KW - Hydrocarbons, Chlorinated -- analysis KW - Fishes KW - Databases, Factual KW - Hydrocarbons, Chlorinated -- chemistry KW - Species Specificity KW - Methylmercury Compounds -- analysis KW - Environmental Pollutants -- toxicity KW - Environmental Pollutants -- analysis KW - Hazardous Substances -- analysis KW - Hazardous Substances -- toxicity UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/73518378?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Chemosphere&rft.atitle=Six+interaction+profiles+for+simple+mixtures.&rft.au=Pohl%2C+Hana+R%3BRoney%2C+Nickolette%3BWilbur%2C+Sharon%3BHansen%2C+Hugh%3BDe+Rosa%2C+Christopher+T&rft.aulast=Pohl&rft.aufirst=Hana&rft.date=2003-10-01&rft.volume=53&rft.issue=2&rft.spage=183&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Chemosphere&rft.issn=00456535&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 2003-11-17 N1 - Date created - 2003-08-01 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Occupational exposures to human immunodeficiency virus, hepatitis B virus, and hepatitis C virus: risk, prevention, and management. AN - 71444770; 14664459 AB - Current data indicate that the risk for transmitting bloodborne pathogens in dental health care settings is low. Pre-exposure hepatitis B vaccination and the use of standard precautions to prevent exposure to blood are the most effective strategies for preventing DHCP from occupational infection with HIV, HBV or HCV. Each dental health care facility should develop a comprehensive written program for preventing and managing occupational exposures to blood that: (1) describes the types of blood exposures that may place DHCP at risk for infection; (2) outlines procedures for promptly reporting and evaluating such exposures; and (3) identifies a health care professional who is qualified to provide counseling and perform all medical evaluations and procedures in accordance with the most current USPHS recommendations. Finally, resources should be available that permit rapid access to clinical care, testing, counseling, and PEP for exposed DHCP and the testing and counseling of source patients. JF - Dental clinics of North America AU - Cleveland, Jennifer L AU - Cardo, Denise M AD - Division of Oral Health, National Center for Chronic Disease Prevention and Health Promotion, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Mailstop F-10, 4770 Buford Highway, Chamblee, GA 30341, USA. jlcleveland@cdc.gov Y1 - 2003/10// PY - 2003 DA - October 2003 SP - 681 EP - 696 VL - 47 IS - 4 SN - 0011-8532, 0011-8532 KW - Anti-HIV Agents KW - 0 KW - Dentistry KW - Index Medicus KW - Hepacivirus KW - Anti-HIV Agents -- therapeutic use KW - Hepatitis B virus KW - Risk Factors KW - Humans KW - Blood-Borne Pathogens KW - Infectious Disease Transmission, Patient-to-Professional -- prevention & control KW - Cross Infection -- prevention & control KW - Hepatitis C -- prevention & control KW - Dental Auxiliaries KW - Occupational Exposure -- prevention & control KW - Hepatitis B -- prevention & control KW - Hepatitis C -- transmission KW - HIV Infections -- transmission KW - HIV Infections -- prevention & control KW - Dentists KW - Hepatitis B -- transmission UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/71444770?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Dental+clinics+of+North+America&rft.atitle=Occupational+exposures+to+human+immunodeficiency+virus%2C+hepatitis+B+virus%2C+and+hepatitis+C+virus%3A+risk%2C+prevention%2C+and+management.&rft.au=Cleveland%2C+Jennifer+L%3BCardo%2C+Denise+M&rft.aulast=Cleveland&rft.aufirst=Jennifer&rft.date=2003-10-01&rft.volume=47&rft.issue=4&rft.spage=681&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Dental+clinics+of+North+America&rft.issn=00118532&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 2004-01-15 N1 - Date created - 2003-12-10 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Commentary: Modelling the epidemiology of hepatitis C and its complications. AN - 71270481; 14559739 JF - International journal of epidemiology AU - Armstrong, Gregory L AD - Division of Viral Hepatitis, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Mailstop G-37, 1600 Clifton Road NE, Atlanta, GA 30333, USA. garmstrong@cdc.gov Y1 - 2003/10// PY - 2003 DA - October 2003 SP - 725 EP - 726 VL - 32 IS - 5 SN - 0300-5771, 0300-5771 KW - Index Medicus KW - Humans KW - Incidence KW - Substance Abuse, Intravenous -- complications KW - Hepatitis C, Chronic -- epidemiology KW - Hepatitis C, Chronic -- complications KW - Models, Statistical UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/71270481?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=International+journal+of+epidemiology&rft.atitle=Commentary%3A+Modelling+the+epidemiology+of+hepatitis+C+and+its+complications.&rft.au=Armstrong%2C+Gregory+L&rft.aulast=Armstrong&rft.aufirst=Gregory&rft.date=2003-10-01&rft.volume=32&rft.issue=5&rft.spage=725&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=International+journal+of+epidemiology&rft.issn=03005771&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 2003-12-17 N1 - Date created - 2003-10-15 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - SuppNotes - Comment On: Int J Epidemiol. 2003 Oct;32(5):717-24 [14559738] N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Correlates of Depressive Symptoms among HIV-Positive Injection Drug Users: The Role of Social Support AN - 61556745; 200500195 AB - Using cross-sectional data from an ethnically diverse sample of HIV-positive injection drug users (IDUs), we sought to identify correlates of depressive symptoms. We were particularly interested in whether perceived social support was associated with depression among HIV-positive IDUs & whether social support buffered adverse effects of other correlates. Data were collected from a sample of HIV-positive IDUs recruited from a variety of venues in the New York City & San Francisco metropolitan areas. Multiple regression analysis identified four significant correlates of depressive symptoms. Perceived social support & having a regular place for HIV medical care were significantly associated with lower levels of depressive symptoms, while history of mental health problems & non-injection polydrug use were significantly associated with higher levels of depressive symptoms. Moreover, a significant interaction effect was found between social support & non-injection polydrug use, indicating that social support buffers the association between non-injection polydrug use & depression. These results suggest that increasing social support might be a useful tool for HIV-positive IDUs in reducing depression & the adverse effect of non-injection polydrug use. 2 Tables, 28 References. Adapted from the source document. JF - AIDS Care AU - Mizuno, Yuko AU - Purcell, D W AU - Dawson-Rose, C AU - Parsons, J T AU - Team, SUDIS AD - Prevention Research Branch, Division HIV/AIDS Prevention/Intervention Research/Support, Centers Disease Control & Prevention, Atlanta, GA Y1 - 2003/10// PY - 2003 DA - October 2003 SP - 689 EP - 698 VL - 15 IS - 5 SN - 0954-0121, 0954-0121 KW - New York City, New York KW - Drug Injection KW - Depression (Psychology) KW - Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndrome KW - Social Support KW - San Francisco, California KW - Drug Abuse KW - article KW - 6126: acquired immune deficiency syndrome (AIDS) UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/61556745?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Asocialservices&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=AIDS+Care&rft.atitle=Correlates+of+Depressive+Symptoms+among+HIV-Positive+Injection+Drug+Users%3A+The+Role+of+Social+Support&rft.au=Mizuno%2C+Yuko%3BPurcell%2C+D+W%3BDawson-Rose%2C+C%3BParsons%2C+J+T%3BTeam%2C+SUDIS&rft.aulast=Mizuno&rft.aufirst=Yuko&rft.date=2003-10-01&rft.volume=15&rft.issue=5&rft.spage=689&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=AIDS+Care&rft.issn=09540121&rft_id=info:doi/10.1080%2F09540120310001595177 LA - English DB - Social Services Abstracts N1 - Date revised - 2007-05-01 N1 - Number of references - 28 N1 - Last updated - 2016-09-28 N1 - CODEN - AIDCEF N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndrome; Drug Injection; Drug Abuse; Depression (Psychology); Social Support; San Francisco, California; New York City, New York DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/09540120310001595177 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Incorporating Mother-Daughter Groups within Clinical Settings to Increase Adolescent Females' Self-Esteem AN - 60481406; 200321165 AB - Risky adolescent behaviors, such as violence, teenage pregnancy, & substance abuse, have caused a national crisis throughout the United States. The research on adolescent development & familial relations has suggested that open, communicative relationships between parents & adolescents can reduce the likelihood of teenagers' involvement in unsafe behaviors, while building up their self-esteem. Research on parent-child relationships has also indicated that parents are identified by their teenagers as having the most influence on adolescents' feelings about themselves, followed by peers, siblings, grandparents, & other relatives. For example, quality relationships with parents significantly affect adolescents' general well-being & mental health. Using an object-relational framework, this article focuses specifically on ways to develop mother-daughter therapy groups to increase teenagers' self-esteem development & the maintenance of open, supportive relationships with their parents. 3 Appendixes, 25 References. [Copyright 2003 Sage Publications, Inc.] JF - Journal of Family Issues AU - Owens, Michelle Deaneen AU - Scofield, Brett E AU - Taylor, Carol E AD - Division Diabetes Translation, National Center Chronic Disease Prevention & Health Promotion, Centers Disease Control & Prevention, Atlanta, GA mowens1@cdc.gov Y1 - 2003/10// PY - 2003 DA - October 2003 SP - 895 EP - 907 VL - 24 IS - 7 SN - 0192-513X, 0192-513X KW - Self Esteem KW - Family Therapy KW - Daughters KW - Mothers KW - Interpersonal Communication KW - Adolescent Development KW - Parent Child Relations KW - Adolescents KW - article KW - 1939: the family and socialization; adolescence & youth KW - 1941: the family and socialization; sociology of the family, marriage, & divorce UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/60481406?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Asocabs&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Family+Issues&rft.atitle=Incorporating+Mother-Daughter+Groups+within+Clinical+Settings+to+Increase+Adolescent+Females%27+Self-Esteem&rft.au=Owens%2C+Michelle+Deaneen%3BScofield%2C+Brett+E%3BTaylor%2C+Carol+E&rft.aulast=Owens&rft.aufirst=Michelle&rft.date=2003-10-01&rft.volume=24&rft.issue=7&rft.spage=895&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+Family+Issues&rft.issn=0192513X&rft_id=info:doi/10.1177%2F0192513X03255340 LA - English DB - Sociological Abstracts N1 - Date revised - 2007-04-01 N1 - Last updated - 2016-09-28 N1 - CODEN - JFISDT N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Mothers; Daughters; Adolescents; Self Esteem; Parent Child Relations; Interpersonal Communication; Adolescent Development; Family Therapy DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0192513X03255340 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Poliovirus detection in wastewater and stools following an immunization campaign in Havana, Cuba AN - 19812562; 5968024 AB - Background Recent outbreaks of poliomyelitis caused by vaccine-derived virus have raised concerns that vaccine-derived poliovirus may continue to circulate after eradication. In these outbreaks, the virus appears to have replicated for greater than or equal to 2 years before detection. Early detection is critical for an effective response to these outbreaks. Although acute flaccid paralysis (AFP) surveillance will remain the standard for poliovirus detection, wastewater sampling could be a useful supplement. In this study, we evaluated the sensitivity of wastewater sampling by concurrently collecting stools from children aged <3 years attending two neighbourhood clinics in Havana, Cuba, and wastewater from the same neighbourhoods. Methods Sample collection was begun during the third week after the national immunization campaign, continued weekly through the seventh week, and was repeated during weeks 15 and 19. Virus detection and titration were performed using both cell culture and polymerase chain reaction techniques. Results Wastewater sampling was found to be at least as sensitive as stool sampling under these conditions. Poliovirus was isolated from children through week 7, suggesting that viral shedding reached undetectable levels between weeks 8 and 14. The last virus-positive wastewater sample was collected during week 15. Conclusions Wastewater sampling under the conditions studied can be a sensitive supplement to AFP surveillance. Similar studies under different conditions are needed to determine the role of wastewater sampling in post-eradication surveillance. JF - International Journal of Epidemiology AU - Lago, P M AU - Gary, HE Jr AU - Perez, L S AU - Caceres, V AU - Olivera, J B AU - Puentes, R P AU - Corredor, M B AU - Jimenez, P AU - Pallansch, MA AU - Cruz, R G AD - Global Immunization Division, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA, USA, hgary@cdc.gov Y1 - 2003/10// PY - 2003 DA - Oct 2003 SP - 772 EP - 777 VL - 32 IS - 5 SN - 0300-5771, 0300-5771 KW - immunization KW - poliovirus KW - vaccination KW - Virology & AIDS Abstracts; Pollution Abstracts; Aqualine Abstracts KW - Poliovirus KW - Fecal coliforms KW - Viruses KW - Cell culture KW - Children KW - Immunization KW - Public health KW - Paralysis KW - Public Health KW - Poliomyelitis KW - Dietary supplements KW - Titration KW - Polymerase chain reaction KW - Outbreaks KW - Sampling KW - Wastewater Analysis KW - Waste water KW - Feces KW - Wastewater KW - AQ 00006:Sewage KW - V 22400:Human Diseases KW - P 6000:TOXICOLOGY AND HEALTH UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/19812562?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aaqualine&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=International+Journal+of+Epidemiology&rft.atitle=Poliovirus+detection+in+wastewater+and+stools+following+an+immunization+campaign+in+Havana%2C+Cuba&rft.au=Lago%2C+P+M%3BGary%2C+HE+Jr%3BPerez%2C+L+S%3BCaceres%2C+V%3BOlivera%2C+J+B%3BPuentes%2C+R+P%3BCorredor%2C+M+B%3BJimenez%2C+P%3BPallansch%2C+MA%3BCruz%2C+R+G&rft.aulast=Lago&rft.aufirst=P&rft.date=2003-10-01&rft.volume=32&rft.issue=5&rft.spage=772&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=International+Journal+of+Epidemiology&rft.issn=03005771&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2004-08-01 N1 - Last updated - 2015-03-24 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Paralysis; Poliomyelitis; Dietary supplements; Titration; Polymerase chain reaction; Cell culture; Sampling; Children; Feces; Waste water; Immunization; Fecal coliforms; Outbreaks; Wastewater; Public health; Public Health; Viruses; Wastewater Analysis; Poliovirus ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Sampling and analysis considerations for the determination of hexavalent chromium in workplace air AN - 19239302; 5812791 AB - Airborne hexavalent chromium (Cr[VI]) is a known human respiratory carcinogen and allergen. Workers in a variety of industries may be exposed to airborne hexavalent chromium, with exposures frequently occurring via inhalation and/or dermal contact. Analytical methods for the measurement of Cr(VI) compounds in workplace samples, rather than for the determination of total elemental chromium in workplace air, are often desired because exposure limit values for Cr(VI) compounds are much lower than for total Cr. For years, sampling and analytical test methods for airborne Cr(VI) have been investigated so as to provide means for occupational exposure assessment to this highly toxic species. Inter-conversion of trivalent chromium (Cr[III]) and Cr(VI) can sometimes occur during sampling and sample preparation, and efforts to minimize unwanted redox reactions involving these chromium valences have been sought. Because of differences in toxicity, there is also interest in the ability to differentiate between water-soluble and insoluble forms of Cr(VI), and procedures that provide solubility information concerning Cr(VI) compounds have been developed. This paper reviews the state of the art concerning the measurement of airborne Cr(VI) compounds in workplace aerosols and related samples. JF - Journal of Environmental Monitoring AU - Ashley, K AU - Howe, A M AU - Demange, M AU - Nygren, O AD - U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, 4676 Columbia Parkway, Mail Stop R-7, Cincinnati, Ohio 45226-1998, USA, KAshley@cdc.gov Y1 - 2003/10// PY - 2003 DA - Oct 2003 SP - 707 EP - 716 VL - 5 IS - 5 SN - 1464-0325, 1464-0325 KW - Health & Safety Science Abstracts; Pollution Abstracts KW - Aerosols KW - Chromium KW - Carcinogens KW - Allergens KW - Air sampling KW - Occupational exposure KW - H 1000:Occupational Safety and Health KW - P 6000:TOXICOLOGY AND HEALTH UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/19239302?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Apollution&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Environmental+Monitoring&rft.atitle=Sampling+and+analysis+considerations+for+the+determination+of+hexavalent+chromium+in+workplace+air&rft.au=Ashley%2C+K%3BHowe%2C+A+M%3BDemange%2C+M%3BNygren%2C+O&rft.aulast=Ashley&rft.aufirst=K&rft.date=2003-10-01&rft.volume=5&rft.issue=5&rft.spage=707&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+Environmental+Monitoring&rft.issn=14640325&rft_id=info:doi/10.1039%2Fb306105c LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2010-05-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-14 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Aerosols; Chromium; Allergens; Air sampling; Carcinogens; Occupational exposure DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/b306105c ER - TY - JOUR T1 - A Global Network for Early Warning and Response to Infectious Diseases and Bioterrorism: Applied Epidemiology and Training Programs, 2001 AN - 19236385; 5791048 AB - In many ministries of health, applied epidemiology and training programs (AETPs) are responsible for detecting and responding to acute health events, including bioterrorism. In November 2001, we assessed the bioterrorism response capacity of 29 AETPs; 17 (59%) responded. Fifteen countries (88%) had bioterrorism response plans; in 6 (40%), AETPs took the lead in preparation and in 6 (40%) they assisted. Between September 11 and November 29, 2001, 12 AETPs (71%) responded to a total of 3024 bioterrorism-related phone calls. Six programs (35%) responded to suspected bioterrorism events. AETPs play an important role in bioterrorism surveillance and response. Support for this global network by various health agencies is beneficial for all developed and developing countries. JF - American Journal of Public Health AU - Sandhu, H S AU - Thomas, C AU - Nsubuga, P AU - White, ME AD - National Immunization Program, Global Immunization Division, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, 1600 Clifton Rd NE MS E-05, Atlanta, GA 30333, USA, his3@cdc.gov Y1 - 2003/10/01/ PY - 2003 DA - 2003 Oct 01 SP - 1640 EP - 1642 VL - 93 IS - 10 SN - 0090-0036, 0090-0036 KW - bioterrorism KW - infectious diseases KW - Health & Safety Science Abstracts KW - Training KW - Emergency preparedness KW - Disasters KW - Warning systems KW - Public health KW - H 6000:Natural Disasters/Civil Defense/Emergency Management UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/19236385?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Ahealthsafetyabstracts&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=American+Journal+of+Public+Health&rft.atitle=A+Global+Network+for+Early+Warning+and+Response+to+Infectious+Diseases+and+Bioterrorism%3A+Applied+Epidemiology+and+Training+Programs%2C+2001&rft.au=Sandhu%2C+H+S%3BThomas%2C+C%3BNsubuga%2C+P%3BWhite%2C+ME&rft.aulast=Sandhu&rft.aufirst=H&rft.date=2003-10-01&rft.volume=93&rft.issue=10&rft.spage=1640&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=American+Journal+of+Public+Health&rft.issn=00900036&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Emergency preparedness; Warning systems; Public health; Training; Disasters ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Acute Occupational Disinfectant-Related Illness Among Youth, 1993-1998 AN - 19230658; 5801262 AB - Working youths face many safety and health risks. Among these risks are those posed by disinfectant exposures. In this study we describe acute occupational disinfectant-related illness among youth. Data on U.S. children younger than 18 years with acute occupational disinfectant-related illnesses between 1993 and 1998 were collected from the Toxic Exposure Surveillance System and from the California Department of Pesticide Regulation. We analyzed data from persons with exposures who met the case definition for acute occupational disinfectant-related illness. The case definition required onset of new adverse health effects that were both temporally related to a disinfectant exposure and consistent with the known toxicology of the disinfectant. We calculated incidence rates of acute occupational disinfectant-related illness among youths 15-17 years old and incidence rate ratios to compare these rates with those of adults 25-44 years old. We found 307 children with disinfectant-related illnesses. The average annual incidence rate was 16.8/billion hours worked with a relative risk compared with adults of 4.14 (95% confidence interval, 3.66-4.68). Most illnesses were of mild severity (78%). There were no fatalities. Hypochlorites (e.g., bleach) were responsible for 45% of the illnesses. Among the 206 cases where the responsible disinfectant's U.S. Environmental Protection Agency toxicity category was known, 80% were in category I (highest toxicity level). These findings suggest the need for greater efforts to prevent adolescent acute occupational disinfectant-related illness. This may require strengthening regulations and enforcement as well as increased educational efforts directed at employers, youths, parents, school officials, and physicians. Better mechanisms for reporting and tracking chemical illnesses among working adolescents are also needed. JF - Environmental Health Perspectives AU - Brevard, T A AU - Calvert, G M AU - Blondell, J M AU - Mehler, L N AD - National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, 4676 Columbia Parkway, R-21, Cincinnati, OH 45226 USA, jac6@cdc.gov Y1 - 2003/10// PY - 2003 DA - Oct 2003 SP - 1654 EP - 1659 VL - 111 IS - 13 SN - 0091-6765, 0091-6765 KW - illness KW - man KW - Health & Safety Science Abstracts; Toxicology Abstracts KW - Adolescence KW - Toxicity KW - Public health KW - Disinfectants KW - USA, California KW - Adolescents KW - Occupational exposure KW - X 24151:Acute exposure KW - H 1000:Occupational Safety and Health UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/19230658?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxicologyabstracts&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Environmental+Health+Perspectives&rft.atitle=Acute+Occupational+Disinfectant-Related+Illness+Among+Youth%2C+1993-1998&rft.au=Brevard%2C+T+A%3BCalvert%2C+G+M%3BBlondell%2C+J+M%3BMehler%2C+L+N&rft.aulast=Brevard&rft.aufirst=T&rft.date=2003-10-01&rft.volume=111&rft.issue=13&rft.spage=1654&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Environmental+Health+Perspectives&rft.issn=00916765&rft_id=info:doi/10.1289%2Fehp.6157 LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2010-05-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-14 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Disinfectants; Adolescence; Occupational exposure; Public health; Toxicity; Adolescents; USA, California DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1289/ehp.6157 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Glucuronidation patterns of common urinary and serum monoester phthalate metabolites AN - 18886880; 5741404 AB - Metabolism of most diesters of phthalic acid in humans occurs by an initial phase I biotransformation in which phthalate monoesters are formed, followed by a phase II biotransformation in which phthalate monoesters react with glucuronic acid to form their respective glucuronide conjugates. The phase II conjugation increases water solubility and facilitates urinary excretion of phthalate, and reduces the potential biological activity because the putative biologically active species is the monoester metabolite. In this study, we report percentages of glucuronidation of four common phthalate monoesters, monoethyl (mEP), monobutyl (mBP), monobenzyl (mBzP), and mono-2-ethylhexyl phthalate (mEHP) in a subset of urine (mEPn=262, mBPn=283, mBzPn=328, mEHPn=119) and serum (mEPn=93, mBPn=149, mEHPn=141) samples from the general US population. The percentages of free and conjugated monoester excreted in urine differed for the various phthalates. For the more lipophilic monoesters (i.e., mBP, mBzP, and mEHP), the geometric mean of free monoester excretion ranged from 6 to 16%. The contrary was true for the most hydrophilic monoester, mEP, for which about 71% was excreted in urine as its free monoester. Furthermore, percentages of free and conjugated monoesters were similar for mEP, mBP and mEHP among serum and urine samples. Serum mBzP was largely below the method limit of detection. Interestingly, the serum mEP and mBP levels were less than 3% and 47%, respectively, of their urinary levels, whereas the level of mEHP was similar both in urine and serum. JF - Archives of Toxicology AU - Silva, MJ AU - Barr, D B AU - Reidy, JA AU - Kato, K AU - Malek, NA AU - Hodge, C C AU - Hurtz, D AU - Calafat, A M AU - Needham, L L AU - Brock, J W AD - Division of Laboratory Sciences, National Center for Environmental Health, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, 4770 Buford Hwy NE, Mailstop F17, GA 30341, Atlanta, USA, zca2@cdc.gov Y1 - 2003/10// PY - 2003 DA - Oct 2003 SP - 561 EP - 567 PB - Springer-Verlag VL - 77 IS - 10 SN - 0340-5761, 0340-5761 KW - glucuronidation KW - man KW - metabolites KW - mono-2-ethylhexyl phthalate KW - monobenzyl phthalate KW - monobutyl phthalate KW - monoethyl phthalate KW - Toxicology Abstracts KW - X 24153:Metabolism UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/18886880?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxicologyabstracts&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Archives+of+Toxicology&rft.atitle=Glucuronidation+patterns+of+common+urinary+and+serum+monoester+phthalate+metabolites&rft.au=Silva%2C+MJ%3BBarr%2C+D+B%3BReidy%2C+JA%3BKato%2C+K%3BMalek%2C+NA%3BHodge%2C+C+C%3BHurtz%2C+D%3BCalafat%2C+A+M%3BNeedham%2C+L+L%3BBrock%2C+J+W&rft.aulast=Silva&rft.aufirst=MJ&rft.date=2003-10-01&rft.volume=77&rft.issue=10&rft.spage=561&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Archives+of+Toxicology&rft.issn=03405761&rft_id=info:doi/10.1007%2Fs00204-003-0486-3 L2 - http://link.springer.de/link/service/journals/00204/bibs/3077010/30770561.htm LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00204-003-0486-3 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Use of 16S rRNA Gene Sequencing for Rapid Identification and Differentiation of Burkholderia pseudomallei and B. mallei AN - 18877043; 5732044 AB - Burkholderia pseudomallei and B. mallei, the causative agents of melioidosis and glanders, respectively, are designated category B biothreat agents. Current methods for identifying these organisms rely on their phenotypic characteristics and an extensive set of biochemical reactions. We evaluated the use of 16S rRNA gene sequencing to rapidly identify these two species and differentiate them from each other as well as from closely related species and genera such as Pandoraea spp., Ralstonia spp., Burkholderia gladioli, Burkholderia cepacia, Burkholderia thailandensis, and Pseudomonas aeruginosa. We sequenced the 1.5-kb 16S rRNA gene of 56 B. pseudomallei and 23 B. mallei isolates selected to represent a wide range of temporal, geographic, and origin diversity. Among all 79 isolates, a total of 11 16S types were found based on eight positions of difference. Nine 16S types were identified in B. pseudomallei isolates based on six positions of difference, with differences ranging from 0.5 to 1.5 bp. Twenty-two of 23 B. mallei isolates showed 16S rRNA gene sequence identity and were designated 16S type 10, whereas the remaining isolate was designated type 11. This report provides a basis for rapidly identifying and differentiating B. pseudomallei and B. mallei by molecular methods. JF - Journal of Clinical Microbiology AU - Gee, JE AU - Sacchi, C T AU - Glass, M B AU - De, B K AU - Weyant, R S AU - Levett, P N AU - Whitney, A M AU - Hoffmaster, A R AU - Popovic, T AD - Meningitis and Special Pathogens Branch, Division of Bacterial and Mycotic Diseases, National Center for Infectious Diseases, CDC, MS-D11, 1600 Clifton Rd., N.E., Atlanta, GA 30333, JGee1@cdc.gov Y1 - 2003/10// PY - 2003 DA - Oct 2003 SP - 4647 EP - 4654 PB - American Society for Microbiology, 1752 N Street N.W. Washington, DC 20036 USA, [URL:http://www.asm.org/] VL - 41 IS - 10 SN - 0095-1137, 0095-1137 KW - bioterrorism KW - Microbiology Abstracts B: Bacteriology; Microbiology Abstracts A: Industrial & Applied Microbiology KW - A 01116:Bacteria KW - J 02710:Identification, taxonomy and typing UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/18877043?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologyb&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Clinical+Microbiology&rft.atitle=Use+of+16S+rRNA+Gene+Sequencing+for+Rapid+Identification+and+Differentiation+of+Burkholderia+pseudomallei+and+B.+mallei&rft.au=Gee%2C+JE%3BSacchi%2C+C+T%3BGlass%2C+M+B%3BDe%2C+B+K%3BWeyant%2C+R+S%3BLevett%2C+P+N%3BWhitney%2C+A+M%3BHoffmaster%2C+A+R%3BPopovic%2C+T&rft.aulast=Gee&rft.aufirst=JE&rft.date=2003-10-01&rft.volume=41&rft.issue=10&rft.spage=4647&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+Clinical+Microbiology&rft.issn=00951137&rft_id=info:doi/10.1128%2FJCM.41.10.4647-4654.2003 LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/JCM.41.10.4647-4654.2003 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Molecular Analysis of the rfb O Antigen Gene Cluster of Salmonella enterica Serogroup O:6,14 and Development of a Serogroup-Specific PCR Assay AN - 18874217; 5728880 AB - The Kauffmann-White scheme for serotyping Salmonella recognizes 46 somatic (O) antigen groups, which together with detection of the flagellar (H) antigens form the basis for serotype identification. Although serotyping has become an invaluable typing method for epidemiological investigations of Salmonella, it does have some practical limitations. We have been characterizing the genes required for O and H antigen biosynthesis with the goal of developing a DNA-based system for the determination of serotype in Salmonella. The majority of the enzymes involved in O antigen biosynthesis are encoded by the rfb gene cluster. We report the sequencing of the rfb region from S. enterica serotype Sundsvall (serogroup O:6,14). The S. enterica serotype Sundsvall rfb region is 8.4 kb in length and comprises six open reading frames. When compared with other previously characterized rfb regions, the serogroup O:6,14 sequence is most related to serogroup C sub(1). On the basis of DNA sequence similarity, we identified two genes from the mannose biosynthetic pathway, two mannosyl transferase genes, the O unit flippase gene and, possibly, the O antigen polymerase. The whole cluster is derived from a low-G+C-content organism. Comparative sequencing of an additional serogroup O:6,14 isolate (S. enterica serotype Carrau) revealed a highly homologous sequence, suggesting that O antigen factors O:24 and O:25 (additional O factors associated with serogroup O:6,14) are encoded outside the rfb gene cluster. We developed a serogroup O:6,14-specific PCR assay based on a region of the putative wzx (O antigen flippase) gene. This provides the basis for a sensitive and specific test for the rapid identification of Salmonella serogroup O:6,14. JF - Applied and Environmental Microbiology AU - Fitzgerald, C AU - Sherwood, R AU - Gheesling, L L AU - Brenner, F W AU - Fields, P I AD - National Salmonella Reference Laboratory, Foodborne and Diarrheal Diseases Branch, Mailstop CO3, Division of Bacterial and Mycotic Diseases, National Center for Infectious Diseases, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA 30333, chf3@cdc.gov Y1 - 2003/10// PY - 2003 DA - Oct 2003 SP - 6099 EP - 6105 PB - American Society for Microbiology, 1752 N Street N.W. Washington, DC 20036 USA, [URL:http://www.asm.org/] VL - 69 IS - 10 SN - 0099-2240, 0099-2240 KW - O antigen KW - rfb gene KW - Microbiology Abstracts B: Bacteriology KW - J 02740:Genetics and evolution UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/18874217?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologyb&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Applied+and+Environmental+Microbiology&rft.atitle=Molecular+Analysis+of+the+rfb+O+Antigen+Gene+Cluster+of+Salmonella+enterica+Serogroup+O%3A6%2C14+and+Development+of+a+Serogroup-Specific+PCR+Assay&rft.au=Fitzgerald%2C+C%3BSherwood%2C+R%3BGheesling%2C+L+L%3BBrenner%2C+F+W%3BFields%2C+P+I&rft.aulast=Fitzgerald&rft.aufirst=C&rft.date=2003-10-01&rft.volume=69&rft.issue=10&rft.spage=6099&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Applied+and+Environmental+Microbiology&rft.issn=00992240&rft_id=info:doi/10.1128%2FAEM.69.10.6099-6105.2003 LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/AEM.69.10.6099-6105.2003 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Measuring and identifying large-study metrics for circadian rhythm disruption in female flight attendants AN - 18829502; 5779747 AB - Flight attendants can experience circadian rhythm disruption due to travel through multiple time zones. The objectives of this study were to determine whether flight attendants are more likely than teachers (comparison group) to experience circadian disruption, as measured by melatonin production, and to identify metrics of circadian disruption for epidemiologic studies of reproductive health in which biomonitoring is infeasible. Each day, for one menstrual cycle, 45 flight attendants and 26 teachers kept a daily diary, collected and measured their overnight urine, and wore an activity monitor to assess sleep displacement. The relation between melatonin production and flight attendant and teacher status was analyzed with linear and multiple logistic regression. The relation between sleep displacement, melatonin, and flight-history-derived variables (including time zones crossed) were examined with exploratory factor analyses. Flight attendants experience increased circadian disruption, as measured by a higher adjusted melatonin rate variance, than teachers [2.8 x 10 super(5) versus 1.0 x 10 super(5) (ng/hour) super(2), respectively; P=0.04] and are more likely to be in the highest quartile of melatonin variance (odds ratio 2.3; 95% confidence interval 0.6-9.1). In the factor analysis, the number of time zones crossed was related to both melatonin desynchronization and sleep displacement. Flight attendants experience increased circadian disruption, as measured by more variable melatonin rates, than a minimally flying comparison group. For epidemiologic studies of flight crews in which melatonin measurement is infeasible, the number of time zones crossed is a useful indicator of both sleep displacement and melatonin desynchronization. JF - Scandinavian Journal of Work, Environment & Health AU - Grajewski, B AU - Nguyen, M M AU - Whelan, E A AU - Cole, R J AU - Hein, MJ AD - NIOSH (R-13), 4676 Columbia Parkway, Cincinnati, OH 45226, USA, bag2@cdc.gov Y1 - 2003/10// PY - 2003 DA - Oct 2003 SP - 337 EP - 346 VL - 29 IS - 5 SN - 0355-3140, 0355-3140 KW - circadian rhythms KW - flight attendants KW - shift work KW - Health & Safety Science Abstracts KW - H 1000:Occupational Safety and Health UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/18829502?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Ahealthsafetyabstracts&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Scandinavian+Journal+of+Work%2C+Environment+%26+Health&rft.atitle=Measuring+and+identifying+large-study+metrics+for+circadian+rhythm+disruption+in+female+flight+attendants&rft.au=Grajewski%2C+B%3BNguyen%2C+M+M%3BWhelan%2C+E+A%3BCole%2C+R+J%3BHein%2C+MJ&rft.aulast=Grajewski&rft.aufirst=B&rft.date=2003-10-01&rft.volume=29&rft.issue=5&rft.spage=337&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Scandinavian+Journal+of+Work%2C+Environment+%26+Health&rft.issn=03553140&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - On-the-hand measurement methods for assessing effectiveness of anti-vibration gloves AN - 18814749; 5693354 AB - Several technical difficulties have been associated with the current test and evaluation methods for assessing the vibration isolation effectiveness of anti-vibration gloves. The effectiveness of the gloves for specific powered hand tools can be assessed through measurement of acceleration on the head of the third metacarpal or at the wrist. In the present study, the reliability of these on-the-hand measurement methods is evaluated through assessing the vibration transmissibility of gloves while operating chipping hammers. Two different methods, with and without the prior knowledge of tool vibration, for deriving the transmissibility of the gloves are also evaluated. The study used an air bladder glove and a gel-filled glove, two chipping hammers, and feed forces in the 50-200 N range. Six male volunteers were used as test subjects. The transmissibility of the gloves is also estimated using a total vibration transfer function method. The results suggest that the on-the-hand methods offer some unique advantages over the palm adapter method outlined in ISO-10819, but they suffer from poor repeatability when a high degree of tool vibration variability is observed, especially if the tool vibration is not measured and used for the assessment. Glove transmissibility measured at the third metacarpal is more repeatable than that derived from the measurements at the wrist. Reasonably good agreements were observed between the predicted and measured transmissibility values of the air glove. However, the measured transmissibility values for the gel-filled glove suggest that it may perform better than as predicted using the transfer function method. Prolonged exposure to hand- transmitted vibration has been related to an array of health disorders of the vascular, nervous and musculoskeletal systems in the upper extremity. Anti- vibration gloves can be used to help reduce the severity of vibration exposure. The current glove assessment methods exhibit several technical difficulties and do not provide information regarding the effectiveness of the gloves when used with specific power tools. This study examines the effectiveness of on-the-hand measurement methods and the transfer function-based prediction method to determine more reliable glove assessment methods. The study also proposes a test device and method for assessing the vibration effectiveness of gloves when used with pneumatic hammers. It is anticipated that the proposed glove assessment method would be applicable to other types of hand-held power tools. JF - International Journal of Industrial Ergonomics AU - Dong, R G AU - McDowell, T W AU - Welcome, DE AU - Smutz, W P AU - Schopper, A W AU - Warren, C AU - Wu, J Z AU - Rakheja, S AD - Engineering and Control Technology Branch NIOSH, National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, 1095 Willowdale Road, MS 2201, Morgantown, WV 26505, USA, rkd6@cdc.gov Y1 - 2003/10// PY - 2003 DA - Oct 2003 SP - 283 EP - 298 PB - Elsevier Science B.V., P.O. Box 211 Amsterdam 1000 AE Netherlands, [mailto:nlinfo-f@elsevier.nl], [URL:http://www.elsevier.nl/] VL - 32 IS - 4 SN - 0169-8141, 0169-8141 KW - anti-vibration gloves KW - gloves KW - hand tools KW - musculoskeletal system KW - Health & Safety Science Abstracts KW - H 10000:Ergonomics/Human Factors UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/18814749?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Ahealthsafetyabstracts&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=International+Journal+of+Industrial+Ergonomics&rft.atitle=On-the-hand+measurement+methods+for+assessing+effectiveness+of+anti-vibration+gloves&rft.au=Dong%2C+R+G%3BMcDowell%2C+T+W%3BWelcome%2C+DE%3BSmutz%2C+W+P%3BSchopper%2C+A+W%3BWarren%2C+C%3BWu%2C+J+Z%3BRakheja%2C+S&rft.aulast=Dong&rft.aufirst=R&rft.date=2003-10-01&rft.volume=32&rft.issue=4&rft.spage=283&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=International+Journal+of+Industrial+Ergonomics&rft.issn=01698141&rft_id=info:doi/10.1016%2FS0169-8141%2803%2900071-4 LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0169-8141(03)00071-4 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Generation and characterization of a cold-adapted influenza A H9N2 reassortant as a live pandemic influenza virus vaccine candidate AN - 1560131057; 19353617 AB - H9N2 subtype influenza A viruses have been identified in avian species worldwide and were isolated from humans in 1999, raising concerns about their pandemic potential and prompting the development of candidate vaccines to protect humans against this subtype of influenza A virus. Reassortant H1N1 and H3N2 human influenza A viruses with the internal genes of the influenza A/Ann Arbor/6/60 (H2N2) (AA) cold-adapted () virus have proven to be attenuated and safe as live virus vaccines in humans. Using classical genetic reassortment, we generated a reassortant virus (G9/AA ) that contains the hemagglutinin and neuraminidase genes from influenza A/chicken/Hong Kong/G9/97 (H9N2) (G9) and six internal gene segments from the AA virus. When administered intranasally, the reassortant virus was immunogenic and protected mice from subsequent challenge with wild-type H9N2 viruses, although it was restricted in replication in the respiratory tract of mice. The G9/AA virus bears properties that are desirable in a vaccine for humans and is available for clinical evaluation and use, should the need arise. JF - Vaccine AU - Chen, H AU - Matsuoka, Y AU - Swayne, David AU - Chen, Q AU - Cox, N J AU - Murphy, B R AU - Subbarao, K AD - Influenza Branch, CDC, Atlanta, GA, USA Y1 - 2003/10// PY - 2003 DA - Oct 2003 SP - 4430 EP - 4436 PB - Elsevier B.V., The Boulevard Kidlington Oxford OX5 1GB United Kingdom VL - 21 IS - 27-30 SN - 0264-410X, 0264-410X KW - Virology & AIDS Abstracts; Health & Safety Science Abstracts; Immunology Abstracts KW - Live attenuated vaccines KW - Influenza H9N2 KW - Pandemic influenza vaccines KW - Replication KW - Influenza A KW - Hemagglutinins KW - Viruses KW - Mice KW - Influenza KW - Chickens KW - pandemics KW - Immunogenicity KW - Influenza A virus KW - Vaccines KW - Exo- alpha -sialidase KW - China, People's Rep., Hong Kong KW - Respiratory tract KW - F 06905:Vaccines KW - V 22300:Methods KW - H 1000:Occupational Safety and Health UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/1560131057?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Ahealthsafetyabstracts&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Vaccine&rft.atitle=Generation+and+characterization+of+a+cold-adapted+influenza+A+H9N2+reassortant+as+a+live+pandemic+influenza+virus+vaccine+candidate&rft.au=Chen%2C+H%3BMatsuoka%2C+Y%3BSwayne%2C+David%3BChen%2C+Q%3BCox%2C+N+J%3BMurphy%2C+B+R%3BSubbarao%2C+K&rft.aulast=Chen&rft.aufirst=H&rft.date=2003-10-01&rft.volume=21&rft.issue=27-30&rft.spage=4430&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Vaccine&rft.issn=0264410X&rft_id=info:doi/10.1016%2FS0264-410X%2803%2900430-4 LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2014-09-01 N1 - Last updated - 2014-12-11 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - pandemics; Immunogenicity; Replication; Hemagglutinins; Influenza A; Exo- alpha -sialidase; Vaccines; Respiratory tract; Influenza; Chickens; Viruses; Mice; Influenza A virus; China, People's Rep., Hong Kong DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0264-410X(03)00430-4 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Procedure for the quantification of the biomarker (2-methoxyethoxy)acetic acid in human urine samples. AN - 73632372; 12957179 AB - An accurate and precise procedure was developed for the detection and quantification of (2-methoxyethoxy)acetic acid (MEAA), a metabolite and biomarker for human exposure to 2-(2-methoxyethoxy)ethanol. The compound 2-(2-methoxyethoxy)ethanol has a wide array of industrial applications including its use as an additive in military jet fuel. Exposure to 2-(2-methoxyethoxy)ethanol is a health concern owing to its toxicity which includes developmental and teratogenic properties. Sample preparation consisted of liquid-liquid extraction (LLE) and esterification of MEAA to produce the ethyl ester. Measurement was by a gas chromatograph (GC) equipped with a mass selective detector (MSD) using a HP-1 capillary column. Recovery studies of spiked blank urine demonstrated good accuracy and precision; recovery varied between 95 and 103% with relative standard deviations of 8.6% and less. The limit of detection (LOD) for this procedure was found to range from 0.02 to 0.08 microg/ml equivalent levels of MEAA in urine. These data and other aspects of the validation of this procedure will be discussed. JF - Journal of chromatography. B, Analytical technologies in the biomedical and life sciences AU - B'Hymer, C AU - Cheever, K L AU - Butler, M A AU - Brown, K K AD - Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, Cincinnati, OH 45226, USA. cbhymer@cdc.org Y1 - 2003/09/25/ PY - 2003 DA - 2003 Sep 25 SP - 145 EP - 150 VL - 795 IS - 1 SN - 1570-0232, 1570-0232 KW - (2-methoxyethoxy)acetic acid KW - 0 KW - Acetates KW - Biomarkers KW - Index Medicus KW - Sensitivity and Specificity KW - Reproducibility of Results KW - Chromatography, Gas KW - Humans KW - Reference Standards KW - Biomarkers -- urine KW - Acetates -- urine UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/73632372?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+chromatography.+B%2C+Analytical+technologies+in+the+biomedical+and+life+sciences&rft.atitle=Procedure+for+the+quantification+of+the+biomarker+%282-methoxyethoxy%29acetic+acid+in+human+urine+samples.&rft.au=B%27Hymer%2C+C%3BCheever%2C+K+L%3BButler%2C+M+A%3BBrown%2C+K+K&rft.aulast=B%27Hymer&rft.aufirst=C&rft.date=2003-09-25&rft.volume=795&rft.issue=1&rft.spage=145&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+chromatography.+B%2C+Analytical+technologies+in+the+biomedical+and+life+sciences&rft.issn=15700232&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 2004-06-24 N1 - Date created - 2003-09-05 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Transmission of West Nile Virus through Blood Transfusion in the United States in 2002 AN - 19264545; 5842140 AB - During the 2002 West Nile virus epidemic in the United States, patients were identified whose West Nile virus illness was temporally associated with the receipt of transfused blood and blood components. Patients with laboratory evidence of recent West Nile virus infection within four weeks after receipt of a blood component from a donor with viremia were considered to have a confirmed transfusion-related infection. We interviewed the donors of these components, asking them whether they had had symptoms compatible with the presence of a viral illness before or after their donation; blood specimens retained from the time of donation and collected at follow-up were tested for West Nile virus. Twenty-three patients were confirmed to have acquired West Nile virus through transfused leukoreduced and nonleukoreduced red cells, platelets, or fresh-frozen plasma. Of the 23 recipients, 10 (43 percent) were immunocompromised owing to transplantation or cancer and 8 (35 percent) were at least 70 years of age. Immunocompromised recipients tended to have longer incubation periods than nonimmunocompromised recipients and infected persons in mosquito-borne community outbreaks. Sixteen donors with evidence of viremia at donation were linked to the 23 infected recipients; of these donors, 9 reported viral symptoms before or after donation, 5 were asymptomatic, and 2 were lost to follow-up. Fever, new rash, and painful eyes were independently associated with being an implicated donor with viremia rather than a donor without viremia. All 16 donors were negative for West Nile virus-specific IgM antibody at donation. Transfused red cells, platelets, and fresh-frozen plasma can transmit West Nile virus. Screening of potential donors with the use of nucleic acid-based assays for West Nile virus may reduce this risk. JF - New England Journal of Medicine AU - Pealer, L N AU - Marfin, A A AU - Petersen, L R AU - Lanciotti, R S AU - Page, P L AU - Stramer, S L AU - Stobierski, M G AU - Signs, K AU - Newman, B AU - Kapoor, H AU - Goodman, J L AU - Chamberland, ME AD - Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, 1600 Clifton Rd., D-18, Atlanta, GA 30333, USA, pealer@cdc.gov Y1 - 2003/09/25/ PY - 2003 DA - 2003 Sep 25 SP - 1236 EP - 1245 VL - 349 IS - 13 SN - 0028-4793, 0028-4793 KW - blood transfusion KW - disease transmission KW - outbreaks KW - Virology & AIDS Abstracts; Health & Safety Science Abstracts KW - USA KW - Viremia KW - West Nile virus KW - Disease transmission KW - Public health KW - V 22123:Epidemiology KW - H 11000:Diseases/Injuries/Trauma UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/19264545?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Ahealthsafetyabstracts&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=New+England+Journal+of+Medicine&rft.atitle=Transmission+of+West+Nile+Virus+through+Blood+Transfusion+in+the+United+States+in+2002&rft.au=Pealer%2C+L+N%3BMarfin%2C+A+A%3BPetersen%2C+L+R%3BLanciotti%2C+R+S%3BPage%2C+P+L%3BStramer%2C+S+L%3BStobierski%2C+M+G%3BSigns%2C+K%3BNewman%2C+B%3BKapoor%2C+H%3BGoodman%2C+J+L%3BChamberland%2C+ME&rft.aulast=Pealer&rft.aufirst=L&rft.date=2003-09-25&rft.volume=349&rft.issue=13&rft.spage=1236&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=New+England+Journal+of+Medicine&rft.issn=00284793&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - West Nile virus; USA; Public health; Viremia; Disease transmission ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Wound botulism among black tar heroin users--Washington, 2003. AN - 73660770; 13679792 AB - During August 22-26, 2003, four injection-drug users (IDUs) in Yakima County, Washington, sought medical care at the same hospital with complaints of several days of weakness, drooping eyelids, blurred vision, and difficulty speaking and swallowing. All four were regular, nonintravenous injectors of black tar heroin (BTH), and one also snorted BTH. This report summarizes the investigation of these cases, which implicated wound botulism (WB) as the cause of illness. JF - MMWR. Morbidity and mortality weekly report AU - Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) AD - Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) Y1 - 2003/09/19/ PY - 2003 DA - 2003 Sep 19 SP - 885 EP - 886 VL - 52 IS - 37 KW - Heroin KW - 70D95007SX KW - Index Medicus KW - Washington -- epidemiology KW - Humans KW - Adult KW - Middle Aged KW - Heroin Dependence -- complications KW - Male KW - Female KW - Botulism -- etiology KW - Wound Infection -- etiology KW - Botulism -- epidemiology KW - Wound Infection -- epidemiology KW - Substance Abuse, Intravenous -- complications UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/73660770?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=MMWR.+Morbidity+and+mortality+weekly+report&rft.atitle=Wound+botulism+among+black+tar+heroin+users--Washington%2C+2003.&rft.au=Centers+for+Disease+Control+and+Prevention+%28CDC%29&rft.aulast=Centers+for+Disease+Control+and+Prevention+%28CDC%29&rft.aufirst=&rft.date=2003-09-19&rft.volume=52&rft.issue=37&rft.spage=885&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=MMWR.+Morbidity+and+mortality+weekly+report&rft.issn=1545-861X&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 2003-09-25 N1 - Date created - 2003-09-18 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - The relationship among previous antimicrobial use, antimicrobial resistance, and treatment outcomes for Helicobacter pylori infections. AN - 73661328; 13679322 AB - The relationship between previous antimicrobial treatments and infection with drug-resistant Helicobacter pylori is unknown. To determine whether previous use of antimicrobial agents predicts subsequent antibiotic resistance of H. pylori and whether resistance affects treatment outcome. Retrospective cohort analysis of adults recruited sequentially from a clinical practice. A referral hospital in Anchorage, Alaska. 125 adults infected with H. pylori. Medical records were reviewed for antimicrobial agents prescribed in the 10 years before diagnosis with H. pylori infection. Antimicrobial susceptibility of H. pylori isolates obtained from endoscopic gastric biopsy was determined by using agar dilution. Cure was determined by using the urea breath test 2 months after antimicrobial treatment. Among the 125 patients, 37 (30%) were found to have H. pylori isolates resistant to clarithromycin and 83 (66%) were found to have H. pylori isolates resistant to metronidazole. Resistance to clarithromycin was associated with previous use of any macrolide antibiotic (P < 0.001), and resistance to metronidazole was associated with previous use of metronidazole (P < 0.001). The odds of isolates being resistant to clarithromycin increased in relation to the number of courses of macrolides received (P < 0.001). Among 53 persons treated with clarithromycin-based regimens, treatment failed in 77% of those carrying clarithromycin-resistant H. pylori (10 of 13) and 13% of those with clarithromycin-susceptible strains (5 of 40) (relative risk, 6.2 [95% CI, 1.9 to 37.1]; P < 0.001). Previous use of macrolides and metronidazole is associated with H. pylori resistant to these antimicrobial agents. Clarithromycin resistance is associated with a greater risk for failure with clarithromycin-based treatments. JF - Annals of internal medicine AU - McMahon, Brian J AU - Hennessy, Thomas W AU - Bensler, J Michael AU - Bruden, Dana L AU - Parkinson, Alan J AU - Morris, Julie M AU - Reasonover, Alisa L AU - Hurlburt, Debby A AU - Bruce, Michael G AU - Sacco, Frank AU - Butler, Jay C AD - Arctic Investigations Program, National Center for Infectious Diseases, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, and Alaska Native Medical Center, Anchorage, Alaska 99508, USA. bdm9@cdc.gov Y1 - 2003/09/16/ PY - 2003 DA - 2003 Sep 16 SP - 463 EP - 469 VL - 139 IS - 6 KW - Anti-Bacterial Agents KW - 0 KW - Metronidazole KW - 140QMO216E KW - Clarithromycin KW - H1250JIK0A KW - Abridged Index Medicus KW - Index Medicus KW - Humans KW - Cohort Studies KW - Adult KW - Treatment Outcome KW - Retrospective Studies KW - Aged KW - Middle Aged KW - Follow-Up Studies KW - Male KW - Female KW - Helicobacter Infections -- drug therapy KW - Drug Resistance, Bacterial KW - Helicobacter Infections -- microbiology KW - Anti-Bacterial Agents -- adverse effects KW - Helicobacter pylori -- drug effects KW - Metronidazole -- adverse effects KW - Clarithromycin -- adverse effects UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/73661328?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Annals+of+internal+medicine&rft.atitle=The+relationship+among+previous+antimicrobial+use%2C+antimicrobial+resistance%2C+and+treatment+outcomes+for+Helicobacter+pylori+infections.&rft.au=McMahon%2C+Brian+J%3BHennessy%2C+Thomas+W%3BBensler%2C+J+Michael%3BBruden%2C+Dana+L%3BParkinson%2C+Alan+J%3BMorris%2C+Julie+M%3BReasonover%2C+Alisa+L%3BHurlburt%2C+Debby+A%3BBruce%2C+Michael+G%3BSacco%2C+Frank%3BButler%2C+Jay+C&rft.aulast=McMahon&rft.aufirst=Brian&rft.date=2003-09-16&rft.volume=139&rft.issue=6&rft.spage=463&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Annals+of+internal+medicine&rft.issn=1539-3704&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 2003-09-29 N1 - Date created - 2003-09-18 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - SuppNotes - Comment In: Gastroenterology. 2004 Apr;126(4):1204-5 [15057762] Ann Intern Med. 2003 Sep 16;139(6):523-4 [13679331] Gastroenterology. 2004 Apr;126(4):1202-4 [15057761] Ann Intern Med. 2004 Jun 1;140(11):931; author reply 931 [15172911] Rev Gastroenterol Disord. 2004 Spring;4(2):94-5 [15185722] Ann Intern Med. 2003 Sep 16;139(6):I10 [13679344] N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Surveillance for elevated blood lead levels among children--United States, 1997-2001. AN - 75759536; 14532866 AB - Lead is neurotoxic and particularly harmful to the developing nervous systems of fetuses and young children. Extremely high blood lead levels (BLLs) (i.e.,> or =70 microg/dL) can cause severe neurologic problems (e.g., seizure, coma, and death). However, no threshold has been determined regarding lead's harmful effects on children's learning and behavior. In 1990, the U.S. Department of Health and Human Services established a national goal to eliminate BLLs >25 microg/dL by 2000; a new goal targets elimination of BLLs > or =10 microg/dL in children aged <6 years by 2010. Information regarding children's BLLs comes from 1) National Health and Nutrition Examination Surveys (NHANES) conducted during 1976-1980, 1988-1991, 1991-1994, and 1999-2000; and 2) state child blood lead surveillance data for test results collected during 1997-2001. CDC tracks children's BLLs in the United States by using both NHANES and state and local surveillance data. NHANES reports data regarding children aged 1-5 years; state and local surveillance systems report data regarding children aged or =10 microg/dL or two capillary blood specimens > or =10 microg/dL drawn within 12 weeks of each other. The NHANES 1999-2000 survey estimated that 434,000 children (95% confidence interval = 189,000-846,000) or 2.2% of children aged 1-5 years had BLLs > or =10 microg/dL. For 2001, a total of 44 states, the District of Columbia (DC), and New York City (NYC) submitted child blood lead surveillance data to CDC. These jurisdictions represent 95% of the U.S. population of children aged or =10 microg/dL steadily decreased from 130,512 in 1997 to 74,887 in 2001. In 2000, the year targeted for national elimination of BLLs >25 microg/dL, a total of 8,723 children had BLLs > or =25 microg/dL. Both national surveys and state surveillance data indicate children's BLLs continue to decline throughout the United States. However, thousands of children continue to be identified with elevated BLLs. The 2000 goal of eliminating BLLs >25 microg/dL was not met. Attaining the 2010 goal of eliminating BLLs > or =10 microg/dL will require intensified efforts to target areas at highest risk, evaluate preventive measures, and improve the quality of surveillance data. States will continue to use surveillance data to 1) promote legislation supporting lead poisoning prevention activities, 2) obtain funding, 3) identify risk groups, 4) target and evaluate prevention activities, and 5) monitor and describe progress toward elimination of BLLs > or =10 microg/dL. CDC will work with state and local programs to improve tracking systems and the collection, timeliness, and quality of surveillance data. JF - Morbidity and mortality weekly report. Surveillance summaries (Washington, D.C. : 2002) AU - Meyer, Pamela A AU - Pivetz, Timothy AU - Dignam, Timothy A AU - Homa, David M AU - Schoonover, Jaime AU - Brody, Debra AU - Centers for Disease Control and Prevention AD - Division of Emergency and Environmental Health Services, National Center for Environmental Health, CDC, USA. ; Centers for Disease Control and Prevention Y1 - 2003/09/12/ PY - 2003 DA - 2003 Sep 12 SP - 1 EP - 21 VL - 52 IS - 10 KW - Lead KW - 2P299V784P KW - Index Medicus KW - Infant KW - Humans KW - Nutrition Surveys KW - Child KW - United States -- epidemiology KW - Population Surveillance KW - Child, Preschool KW - Lead Poisoning -- epidemiology KW - Lead -- blood UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/75759536?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Morbidity+and+mortality+weekly+report.+Surveillance+summaries+%28Washington%2C+D.C.+%3A+2002%29&rft.atitle=Surveillance+for+elevated+blood+lead+levels+among+children--United+States%2C+1997-2001.&rft.au=Meyer%2C+Pamela+A%3BPivetz%2C+Timothy%3BDignam%2C+Timothy+A%3BHoma%2C+David+M%3BSchoonover%2C+Jaime%3BBrody%2C+Debra%3BCenters+for+Disease+Control+and+Prevention&rft.aulast=Meyer&rft.aufirst=Pamela&rft.date=2003-09-12&rft.volume=52&rft.issue=10&rft.spage=1&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Morbidity+and+mortality+weekly+report.+Surveillance+summaries+%28Washington%2C+D.C.+%3A+2002%29&rft.issn=1545-8636&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 2003-10-16 N1 - Date created - 2003-10-08 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - National registry for juvenile-onset recurrent respiratory papillomatosis. AN - 85377917; pmid-12975271 AB - Juvenile-onset recurrent respiratory papillomatosis (JORRP) is an infrequent but debilitating disease. Because JORRP is uncommon, it has proven difficult for studies at single institutions to accurately evaluate its natural history.To characterize the clinical spectrum of JORRP.Standardized retrospective and prospective medical record abstraction.Twenty-two tertiary-care pediatric otolaryngology centers throughout the United States. Patients All patients with JORRP younger than 18 years seen between January 1, 1996, and March 31, 2002.Demographics, age at diagnosis, anatomic sites of disease, longitudinal disease course, frequency of surgery, need for tracheotomy, and medication history.The registry includes 603 children. The mean age at diagnosis was 4.0 years. The children underwent a mean of 5.1 surgeries annually. Current age, rather than age at diagnosis, was the primary determinant of surgical frequency. The larynx was involved at the time of diagnosis in 96.1% of children, and 87.4% had only 1 anatomic site involved. Children with 1 site involved were significantly older at diagnosis (mean age, 3.9 years) than those with 2 sites (mean age, 2.9 years). Most (74.2%) had stable disease over time, 5.8% showed progression of papillomas to new sites, and 17.9% had no evidence of disease for at least 1 year. Children with disease progression were diagnosed at a significantly younger age than those who remained stable or became disease-free. Children who required tracheotomy were significantly more likely to have progressive disease.The registry has established the clinical course of JORRP in a large sample representative of the United States. Young age was the most important determinant of disease severity (frequency of surgery, extent of disease at diagnosis, and progression of disease). Addressing questions of pathogenesis and disease course will require a revised data collection instrument and molecular analysis of tissues. JF - Archives of otolaryngology--head & neck surgery AU - Reeves, William C AU - Ruparelia, Snehal S AU - Swanson, Katherine I AU - Derkay, Craig S AU - Marcus, Avron AU - Unger, Elizabeth R AD - Viral Exanthems and Herpesvirus Branch, Division of Viral and Rickettsial Diseases, National Center for Infectious Diseases, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA 30333, USA. wcr1@cdc.gov Y1 - 2003/09// PY - 2003 DA - Sep 2003 SP - 976 EP - 982 VL - 129 IS - 9 SN - 0886-4470, 0886-4470 KW - National Library of Medicine KW - Adolescent KW - Age of Onset KW - Antineoplastic Agents: therapeutic use KW - Child KW - Child, Preschool KW - Female KW - Humans KW - Incidence KW - Interferons: therapeutic use KW - Laryngeal Neoplasms: drug therapy KW - *Laryngeal Neoplasms: epidemiology KW - Laryngeal Neoplasms: surgery KW - Male KW - Neoplasm Recurrence, Local KW - Papilloma: drug therapy KW - *Papilloma: epidemiology KW - Papilloma: surgery KW - Prospective Studies KW - *Registries KW - Retrospective Studies KW - Sex Distribution KW - Tracheotomy: methods KW - United States: epidemiology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/85377917?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Acomdisdome&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Archives+of+otolaryngology--head+%26+neck+surgery&rft.atitle=National+registry+for+juvenile-onset+recurrent+respiratory+papillomatosis.&rft.au=Reeves%2C+William+C%3BRuparelia%2C+Snehal+S%3BSwanson%2C+Katherine+I%3BDerkay%2C+Craig+S%3BMarcus%2C+Avron%3BUnger%2C+Elizabeth+R&rft.aulast=Reeves&rft.aufirst=William&rft.date=2003-09-01&rft.volume=129&rft.issue=9&rft.spage=976&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Archives+of+otolaryngology--head+%26+neck+surgery&rft.issn=08864470&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English (eng) DB - ComDisDome N1 - Date revised - 2011-12-15 N1 - Last updated - 2012-07-13 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Air pollution and heart rate variability among the elderly in Mexico City. AN - 73661542; 14501266 AB - Suspended particles and ozone have been associated with varying degrees of cardiac autonomic dysfunction. In Mexico City, residents from a nursing home underwent heart rate variability analysis every other day for 3 months. Indoor and outdoor PM2.5 (particulate matter less than 2.5 mm in diameter) were measured daily at the nursing home. Levels of ozone and other atmospheric pollutants were obtained from a nearby automated monitoring station. Of the initial 42 screened participants, 34 (81%) were followed during the study period. The 24-hour average levels of indoor PM2.5 ranged from 15 to 67 micro g/m3, and outdoor PM2.5 ranged from 9 to 87 micro g/m3. Daily 1-hour maximum ozone levels ranged from 47 to 228 ppb. After adjusting for age and heart rate, we observed a strong decrease in the high frequency component of heart rate variability and the average 24-hour concentrations of PM2.5. Participants with hypertension had considerably larger reductions in their HF-HRV (high frequency-heart rate variability) component in relation to both ozone and PM2.5 exposure. Our results suggest that ambient levels of PM2.5 and ozone can reduce the high-frequency component of heart rate variability in elderly subjects living in Mexico City and that subjects with underlying hypertension are particularly susceptible to this effect. JF - Epidemiology (Cambridge, Mass.) AU - Holguín, Fernando AU - Téllez-Rojo, Marta M AU - Hernández, Mauricio AU - Cortez, Marlene AU - Chow, Judith C AU - Watson, John G AU - Mannino, David AU - Romieu, Isabelle AD - Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA 30335, USA. fch5@cdc.gov Y1 - 2003/09// PY - 2003 DA - September 2003 SP - 521 EP - 527 VL - 14 IS - 5 SN - 1044-3983, 1044-3983 KW - Air Pollutants KW - 0 KW - Sulfur Dioxide KW - 0UZA3422Q4 KW - Ozone KW - 66H7ZZK23N KW - Carbon Monoxide KW - 7U1EE4V452 KW - Nitrogen Dioxide KW - S7G510RUBH KW - Index Medicus KW - Nitrogen Dioxide -- analysis KW - Ozone -- analysis KW - Sulfur Dioxide -- analysis KW - Carbon Monoxide -- analysis KW - Particle Size KW - Humans KW - Aged KW - Longitudinal Studies KW - Aged, 80 and over KW - Middle Aged KW - Mexico -- epidemiology KW - Female KW - Male KW - Nursing Homes KW - Heart Rate KW - Cardiovascular Diseases -- etiology KW - Air Pollutants -- toxicity UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/73661542?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Epidemiology+%28Cambridge%2C+Mass.%29&rft.atitle=Air+pollution+and+heart+rate+variability+among+the+elderly+in+Mexico+City.&rft.au=Holgu%C3%ADn%2C+Fernando%3BT%C3%A9llez-Rojo%2C+Marta+M%3BHern%C3%A1ndez%2C+Mauricio%3BCortez%2C+Marlene%3BChow%2C+Judith+C%3BWatson%2C+John+G%3BMannino%2C+David%3BRomieu%2C+Isabelle&rft.aulast=Holgu%C3%ADn&rft.aufirst=Fernando&rft.date=2003-09-01&rft.volume=14&rft.issue=5&rft.spage=521&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Epidemiology+%28Cambridge%2C+Mass.%29&rft.issn=10443983&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 2003-12-09 N1 - Date created - 2003-09-22 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Sexual activity and substance use among adolescents by category of physical activity plus team sports participation. AN - 73638466; 12963597 AB - To determine whether being both vigorously active and a team sports participant or being vigorously physically active but not a team member is associated with substance use and sexual risk behaviors. Cross-sectional, using data from the 1999 national Youth Risk Behavior Survey. A nationally representative sample of 15 349 US high school students. Sexual risk behaviors and substance use among those who were both physically active and team sports participants, physically active but not on a sports team, physically nonactive but on a sports team, and physically nonactive and not on a sports team by sex and race/ethnicity. Nationwide, 41.9% of the students were both physically active and participants on a sports team, 22.1% were physically active but not sports team members, 12.6% were physically nonactive sports team members, and 22.3% were physically nonactive and not sports team members. More female (mean [SD], 29.3% [2.2%]) than male students (15.3% [1.9%]) were nonactive, and more male students were both physically active and participants in team sports (48.9% [3.4%]) than were female students (34.8% [3.2%]). Black students were more likely to be physically nonactive in both the team and nonteam categories than were students overall. Relative to nonactive nonteam female students, physically active female students on sports teams were less likely to be substance users or engage in sexual risk behaviors than were active nonteam and nonactive team female students. Other associations were specific to racial/ethnic subgroups. Overall, being both physically active and a team sports participant was associated with a lower prevalence of several health risk behaviors. JF - Archives of pediatrics & adolescent medicine AU - Kulig, Kimary AU - Brener, Nancy D AU - McManus, Tim AD - Division of Adolescent and School Health, National Center for Chronic Disease Prevention and Health Promotion, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA, USA. kk477@columbia.edu Y1 - 2003/09// PY - 2003 DA - September 2003 SP - 905 EP - 912 VL - 157 IS - 9 SN - 1072-4710, 1072-4710 KW - Abridged Index Medicus KW - Index Medicus KW - Cross-Sectional Studies KW - Risk-Taking KW - Logistic Models KW - Humans KW - Adolescent KW - United States -- epidemiology KW - Male KW - Female KW - Adolescent Behavior KW - Exercise KW - Sports KW - Substance-Related Disorders -- epidemiology KW - Sexual Behavior -- statistics & numerical data UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/73638466?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Archives+of+pediatrics+%26+adolescent+medicine&rft.atitle=Sexual+activity+and+substance+use+among+adolescents+by+category+of+physical+activity+plus+team+sports+participation.&rft.au=Kulig%2C+Kimary%3BBrener%2C+Nancy+D%3BMcManus%2C+Tim&rft.aulast=Kulig&rft.aufirst=Kimary&rft.date=2003-09-01&rft.volume=157&rft.issue=9&rft.spage=905&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Archives+of+pediatrics+%26+adolescent+medicine&rft.issn=10724710&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 2003-10-02 N1 - Date created - 2003-09-09 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - The impact of community design and land-use choices on public health: a scientific research agenda. AN - 73603575; 12948970 AB - The design of a community's built environment influences the physical and mental health of its residents. Because few studies have investigated this relationship, the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention hosted a workshop in May 2002 to help develop a scientific research agenda on these issues. Workshop participants' areas of expertise included physical activity, injury prevention, air pollution, water quality, urban planning, transportation, architecture, epidemiology, land use, mental health, social capital, housing, and social marketing. This report describes the 37 questions in the resulting research agenda. The next steps are to define priorities and obtain resources. The proposed research will help identify the best practices for designing new communities and revitalizing old ones in ways that promote physical and mental health. JF - American journal of public health AU - Dannenberg, Andrew L AU - Jackson, Richard J AU - Frumkin, Howard AU - Schieber, Richard A AU - Pratt, Michael AU - Kochtitzky, Chris AU - Tilson, Hugh H AD - National Center for Environmental Health, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), 4770 Buford Highway, Mail Stop F-30, Atlanta, GA 30341, USA. acd7@cdc.gov Y1 - 2003/09// PY - 2003 DA - September 2003 SP - 1500 EP - 1508 VL - 93 IS - 9 SN - 0090-0036, 0090-0036 KW - Abridged Index Medicus KW - Index Medicus KW - United States KW - Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (U.S.) KW - Humans KW - Environmental Pollution KW - Health Priorities KW - Environment Design KW - City Planning KW - Research KW - Public Health -- education KW - Community Health Planning UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/73603575?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=American+journal+of+public+health&rft.atitle=The+impact+of+community+design+and+land-use+choices+on+public+health%3A+a+scientific+research+agenda.&rft.au=Dannenberg%2C+Andrew+L%3BJackson%2C+Richard+J%3BFrumkin%2C+Howard%3BSchieber%2C+Richard+A%3BPratt%2C+Michael%3BKochtitzky%2C+Chris%3BTilson%2C+Hugh+H&rft.aulast=Dannenberg&rft.aufirst=Andrew&rft.date=2003-09-01&rft.volume=93&rft.issue=9&rft.spage=1500&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=American+journal+of+public+health&rft.issn=00900036&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 2003-09-30 N1 - Date created - 2003-09-01 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - SuppNotes - Cited By: MMWR Morb Mortal Wkly Rep. 2002 Aug 16;51(32):701-4 [12206284] Am J Prev Med. 2002 Aug;23(2 Suppl):64-73 [12133739] JAMA. 2002 Oct 9;288(14):1728-32 [12365956] Public Health Rep. 2002 May-Jun;117(3):201-17 [12432132] Annu Rev Public Health. 2003;24:209-25 [12428032] Am J Public Health. 2003 Sep;93(9):1442-5 [12948960] Am J Public Health. 2003 Sep;93(9):1509-16 [12948971] Am J Health Promot. 2003 Sep-Oct;18(1):114-9 [13677970] J Urban Health. 2003 Dec;80(4):536-55 [14709704] Am J Respir Crit Care Med. 1996 Jan;153(1):3-50 [8542133] Am J Respir Crit Care Med. 1996 Feb;153(2):477-98 [8564086] Ann N Y Acad Sci. 1999;896:120-30 [10681893] J Urban Health. 2000 Mar;77(1):7-25 [10741839] Arch Intern Med. 2000 Apr 10;160(7):898-904 [10761953] Am J Prev Med. 2000 Jan;18(1 Suppl):35-43 [10806978] Soc Sci Med. 2000 Sep;51(6):871-85 [10972431] JAMA. 2001 Feb 21;285(7):897-905 [11180733] Accid Anal Prev. 2001 May;33(3):327-36 [11235794] MMWR Morb Mortal Wkly Rep. 2001 Mar 9;50(9):166-9 [11393487] Lancet. 2002 Feb 2;359(9304):386-91 [11844508] Am J Prev Med. 2002 May;22(4 Suppl):73-107 [11985936] Am J Prev Med. 2002 Oct;23(3):187-94 [12350451] N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Effects of welding fumes of differing composition and solubility on free radical production and acute lung injury and inflammation in rats. AN - 73568189; 12832661 AB - The goals of this study were to examine acute lung damage and inflammation, as well as free radical production, caused by welding fumes of different chemical compositions and solubilities. The fumes were from a gas metal arc welding using a mild-steel (GMA-MS) or stainless-steel electrode (GMA-SS) and a manual metal arc welding using a stainless-steel electrode (MMA-SS), which was further separated into soluble and insoluble fractions. The MMA-SS was the only fume to contain soluble chromium. Free radical production was observed only in suspensions of MMA-SS fume under various conditions. Male Sprague-Dawley rats were intratracheally instilled with either a welding fume suspension at 2 mg/rat or a saline vehicle, and various parameters of inflammation and damage were measured at 3 h and days 1, 3, and 6. Only the MMA-SS treatment caused a continued increase in lung weight until day 6 and elevated lipid peroxidation at day 3. All of the fumes caused increases in macrophages and neutrophils obtained by lavage, but the increased cellularity was extended through day 6 following the MMA-SS treatment only. Only the MMA-SS treatment led to an increased recovery of eosinophils and damage to the alveolar-capillary barrier. While all of the fumes produced increases in cytotoxicity, the MMA-SS treatment caused the maximal response at day 3. These findings indicate that different welding fumes caused varied responses in the lungs of rats, correlated to their metal composition and ability to produce free radicals. Additionally, both the soluble and insoluble fractions of the MMA-SS fume were required to produce most effects, indicating that the responses are not dependent exclusively on the soluble metals. JF - Toxicological sciences : an official journal of the Society of Toxicology AU - Taylor, Michael D AU - Roberts, Jenny R AU - Leonard, Stephen S AU - Shi, Xianglin AU - Antonini, James M AD - Health Effects Laboratory Division, National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, Morgantown, West Virginia 26505, USA. MDTaylor@cdc.gov Y1 - 2003/09// PY - 2003 DA - September 2003 SP - 181 EP - 191 VL - 75 IS - 1 SN - 1096-6080, 1096-6080 KW - Air Pollutants KW - 0 KW - Cytokines KW - Free Radicals KW - L-Lactate Dehydrogenase KW - EC 1.1.1.27 KW - Index Medicus KW - Acute Disease KW - Animals KW - Pneumonia -- chemically induced KW - Solubility KW - Lipid Peroxidation -- drug effects KW - Cytokines -- metabolism KW - Lung -- pathology KW - Macrophages, Alveolar -- drug effects KW - Rats KW - Neutrophils -- drug effects KW - Macrophages, Alveolar -- metabolism KW - Rats, Sprague-Dawley KW - Bronchoalveolar Lavage Fluid -- chemistry KW - Lung -- drug effects KW - Time Factors KW - Bronchoalveolar Lavage Fluid -- cytology KW - Pneumonia -- metabolism KW - L-Lactate Dehydrogenase -- metabolism KW - Male KW - Organ Size -- drug effects KW - Lung Diseases -- chemically induced KW - Lung Diseases -- pathology KW - Lung Diseases -- metabolism KW - Welding KW - Air Pollutants -- toxicity KW - Free Radicals -- metabolism UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/73568189?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Toxicological+sciences+%3A+an+official+journal+of+the+Society+of+Toxicology&rft.atitle=Effects+of+welding+fumes+of+differing+composition+and+solubility+on+free+radical+production+and+acute+lung+injury+and+inflammation+in+rats.&rft.au=Taylor%2C+Michael+D%3BRoberts%2C+Jenny+R%3BLeonard%2C+Stephen+S%3BShi%2C+Xianglin%3BAntonini%2C+James+M&rft.aulast=Taylor&rft.aufirst=Michael&rft.date=2003-09-01&rft.volume=75&rft.issue=1&rft.spage=181&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Toxicological+sciences+%3A+an+official+journal+of+the+Society+of+Toxicology&rft.issn=10966080&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 2004-08-02 N1 - Date created - 2003-08-18 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - The impact of adverse childhood experiences on health problems: evidence from four birth cohorts dating back to 1900. AN - 73562062; 12914833 AB - We examined the relationship of the number of adverse childhood experiences (ACE score) to six health problems among four successive birth cohorts dating back to 1900 to assess the strength and consistency of these relationships in face of secular influences the 20th century brought in changing health behaviors and conditions. We hypothesized that the ACE score/health problem relationship would be relatively "immune" to secular influences, in support of recent studies documenting the negative neurobiologic effects of childhood stressors on the developing brain. A retrospective cohort study of 17,337 adult health maintenance organization (HMO) members who completed a survey about childhood abuse and household dysfunction, as well as their health. We used logistic regression to examine the relationships between ACE score and six health problems (depressed affect, suicide attempts, multiple sexual partners, sexually transmitted diseases, smoking, and alcoholism) across four successive birth cohorts: 1900-1931, 1932-1946, 1947-1961, and 1962-1978. The ACE score increased the risk for each health problem in a consistent, strong, and graded manner across four birth cohorts (P < 0.05). For each unit increase in the ACE score (range: 0-8), the adjusted odds ratios (ORs) for depressed affect, STDs, and multiple sexual partners were increased within a narrow range (ORs: 1.2-1.3 per unit increase) for each of the birth cohorts; the increase in risk for suicide attempts was stronger but also in a narrow range (ORs: 1.5-1.7). Growing up with ACEs increased the risk of numerous health behaviors and outcomes for 20th century birth cohorts, suggesting that the effects of ACEs on the risk of various health problems are unaffected by social or secular changes. Research showing detrimental and lasting neurobiologic effects of child abuse on the developing brain provides a plausible explanation for the consistency and dose-response relationships found for each health problem across birth cohorts, despite changing secular influences. JF - Preventive medicine AU - Dube, Shanta R AU - Felitti, Vincent J AU - Dong, Maxia AU - Giles, Wayne H AU - Anda, Robert F AD - National Center for Chronic Disease Prevention and Health Promotion, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA 30341-3717, USA. skd7@cdc.gov Y1 - 2003/09// PY - 2003 DA - September 2003 SP - 268 EP - 277 VL - 37 IS - 3 SN - 0091-7435, 0091-7435 KW - Index Medicus KW - Smoking KW - Alcoholism -- etiology KW - Suicide, Attempted KW - Logistic Models KW - Depression -- etiology KW - Risk Factors KW - Humans KW - Cohort Studies KW - Adult KW - Surveys and Questionnaires KW - Child KW - Male KW - Female KW - Sexually Transmitted Diseases -- epidemiology KW - Sexual Partners KW - Life Change Events KW - Health UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/73562062?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Preventive+medicine&rft.atitle=The+impact+of+adverse+childhood+experiences+on+health+problems%3A+evidence+from+four+birth+cohorts+dating+back+to+1900.&rft.au=Dube%2C+Shanta+R%3BFelitti%2C+Vincent+J%3BDong%2C+Maxia%3BGiles%2C+Wayne+H%3BAnda%2C+Robert+F&rft.aulast=Dube&rft.aufirst=Shanta&rft.date=2003-09-01&rft.volume=37&rft.issue=3&rft.spage=268&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Preventive+medicine&rft.issn=00917435&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 2004-01-05 N1 - Date created - 2003-08-13 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - A new look at neighborhoods near National Priorities List sites. AN - 73519236; 12878110 AB - A geodemographic database can assess characteristics of communities by providing (1) annual demographic estimates for these small areas, and (2) statistically based models that integrated consumer behavior and lifestyle data. When applied to neighborhoods proximate to National Priorities List (NPL) sites, information from a geodemographic database can inform environmental health risk assessments and aid in targeting health education activities. This study utilized such a database with 1999 census block group population estimates and neighborhood descriptors in the USA. We examined patterns of neighborhood type based on NPL site classification by activity and waste type (e.g., manufacturing, mining). Overall, block groups described as "Military Quarters" are at highest risk of being located near an NPL site. Other, distinct, neighborhood differences are described. JF - Social science & medicine (1982) AU - Heitgerd, Janet L AU - Lee, Virginia C AD - Agency for Toxic Substances and Disease Registry, US Department of Health and Human Services, 1600 Clifton Road, MS E-60, Atlanta, GA 30333, USA. jheitgerd@cdc.gov Y1 - 2003/09// PY - 2003 DA - September 2003 SP - 1117 EP - 1126 VL - 57 IS - 6 SN - 0277-9536, 0277-9536 KW - Hazardous Waste KW - 0 KW - Index Medicus KW - United States KW - Small-Area Analysis KW - United States Environmental Protection Agency KW - Logistic Models KW - Humans KW - Censuses KW - Geographic Information Systems KW - Health Priorities KW - Environmental Monitoring KW - Hazardous Waste -- adverse effects KW - Environmental Health KW - Residence Characteristics -- statistics & numerical data KW - Risk Assessment UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/73519236?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Social+science+%26+medicine+%281982%29&rft.atitle=A+new+look+at+neighborhoods+near+National+Priorities+List+sites.&rft.au=Heitgerd%2C+Janet+L%3BLee%2C+Virginia+C&rft.aulast=Heitgerd&rft.aufirst=Janet&rft.date=2003-09-01&rft.volume=57&rft.issue=6&rft.spage=1117&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Social+science+%26+medicine+%281982%29&rft.issn=02779536&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 2003-10-27 N1 - Date created - 2003-07-24 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - The Metropolitan Atlanta Congenital Defects Program: 35 years of birth defects surveillance at the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. AN - 71508897; 14703783 AB - The Metropolitan Atlanta Congenital Defects Program (MACDP) is a population-based birth defects surveillance program administered by the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) that has been collecting, analyzing, and interpreting birth defects surveillance data since 1967. This paper presents an overview of MACDP current methods and accomplishments over the past 35 years. MACDP actively monitors major birth defects among infants born to residents of five counties of metropolitan Atlanta, an area with approximately 50,000 annual births. Cases are ascertained from multiple sources, coded using a modified British Pediatric Association six-digit code, and reviewed and classified by clinical geneticists. MACDP has monitored trends in birth defects rates and has served as a case registry for descriptive, risk factor, and prognostic studies of birth defects, including studies of Agent Orange exposure among Vietnam War veterans, maternal use of multivitamins, diabetes, febrile illnesses, and survival of children with neural tube defects. MACDP has served as a data source for one of the centers participating in the National Birth Defects Prevention Study, and for developing and evaluating neural tube defects prevention strategies related to the periconceptional use of folic acid supplements. Since its inception, MACDP has served as a resource for the development of uniform methods and approaches to birth defect surveillance across the United States and in many other countries, monitoring birth defects rates, and as a case registry for various descriptive, etiologic, and survival studies of birth defects. MACDP has also served as a training ground for a large number of professionals active in birth defects epidemiology. JF - Birth defects research. Part A, Clinical and molecular teratology AU - Correa-Villaseñor, Adolfo AU - Cragan, Janet AU - Kucik, James AU - O'Leary, Leslie AU - Siffel, Csaba AU - Williams, Laura AD - Division of Birth Defects and Developmental Disabilities, National Center on Birth Defects and Developmental Disabilities, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia 30333, USA. acorrea@cdc.gov Y1 - 2003/09// PY - 2003 DA - September 2003 SP - 617 EP - 624 VL - 67 IS - 9 SN - 1542-0752, 1542-0752 KW - Defoliants, Chemical KW - 0 KW - Polychlorinated Dibenzodioxins KW - Vitamins KW - 2,4-Dichlorophenoxyacetic Acid KW - 2577AQ9262 KW - Agent Orange KW - 39277-47-9 KW - Folic Acid KW - 935E97BOY8 KW - 2,4,5-Trichlorophenoxyacetic Acid KW - 9Q963S4YMX KW - Index Medicus KW - United States KW - Medical Records KW - Vitamins -- therapeutic use KW - Registries -- statistics & numerical data KW - Retrospective Studies KW - Defoliants, Chemical -- toxicity KW - Prognosis KW - Folic Acid -- therapeutic use KW - 2,4,5-Trichlorophenoxyacetic Acid -- toxicity KW - Neural Tube Defects -- prevention & control KW - Seizures, Febrile -- physiopathology KW - Forms and Records Control -- standards KW - Veterans -- statistics & numerical data KW - Georgia -- epidemiology KW - Risk Factors KW - Polychlorinated Dibenzodioxins -- toxicity KW - Environmental Exposure -- adverse effects KW - Urban Population KW - 2,4-Dichlorophenoxyacetic Acid -- toxicity KW - Diabetes Mellitus -- physiopathology KW - Sentinel Surveillance KW - Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (U.S.) -- standards KW - Congenital Abnormalities -- prevention & control KW - Congenital Abnormalities -- classification KW - Congenital Abnormalities -- epidemiology KW - Congenital Abnormalities -- etiology KW - Congenital Abnormalities -- diagnosis UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/71508897?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Birth+defects+research.+Part+A%2C+Clinical+and+molecular+teratology&rft.atitle=The+Metropolitan+Atlanta+Congenital+Defects+Program%3A+35+years+of+birth+defects+surveillance+at+the+Centers+for+Disease+Control+and+Prevention.&rft.au=Correa-Villase%C3%B1or%2C+Adolfo%3BCragan%2C+Janet%3BKucik%2C+James%3BO%27Leary%2C+Leslie%3BSiffel%2C+Csaba%3BWilliams%2C+Laura&rft.aulast=Correa-Villase%C3%B1or&rft.aufirst=Adolfo&rft.date=2003-09-01&rft.volume=67&rft.issue=9&rft.spage=617&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Birth+defects+research.+Part+A%2C+Clinical+and+molecular+teratology&rft.issn=15420752&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 2004-05-19 N1 - Date created - 2004-01-05 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - HIV type 1 incidence estimates by detection of recent infection from a cross-sectional sampling of injection drug users in Bangkok: use of the IgG capture BED enzyme immunoassay. AN - 71324145; 14585202 AB - Development of serologic tests to detect recent HIV-1 infection has generated worldwide interest in applying this approach to estimate incidence. We previously devised an IgG-capture BED-EIA (or BED-CEIA) that detects increasing levels of anti-HIV IgG following seroconversion to identify recent infection and to estimate incidence among persons infected with diverse HIV-1 subtypes worldwide. Injection drug users (IDUs; n = 1969) were screened in 1996 for participation in a prospective cohort study. Serum specimens from 594 IDUs were HIV-1 seropositive (30.2%) and were tested with the BED-CEIA. The proportion of recent infections and estimated incidence by different epidemiological risk factors were compared with incidence data measured from the prospective cohort. Of 594 HIV-1-seropositive specimens, 113 (19%) were identified as recent infections. Overall, the estimated annual incidence among persons screened was 17.3%/year (95% CI, 12.8-24.2%/year) compared with 9.0%/year (95% CI, 6.7-11.9%/year) measured from the prospective cohort during the same time period. Estimated incidence was higher among younger aged and unemployed IDUs as well as among those who injected more frequently, confirming previously reported risk factors from this prospective cohort. As persons screened from a cross-sectional sampling probably have higher risk for HIV than selected uninfected individuals who choose to participate and receive risk reduction counseling in a longitudinal cohort study, use of this or other serologic testing strategies to identify populations with high incidence (such as for HIV vaccine trials) may overestimate incidence measured from prospective cohorts. JF - AIDS research and human retroviruses AU - Hu, Dale J AU - Vanichseni, Suphak AU - Mock, Philip A AU - Young, Nancy L AU - Dobbs, Trudy AU - Byers, Robert H AU - Choopanya, Kachit AU - van Griensven, Frits AU - Kitayaporn, Dwip AU - McDougal, J Steven AU - Tappero, Jordan W AU - Mastro, Timothy D AU - Parekh, Bharat S AD - Division of HIV/AIDS Prevention and Division of AIDS, STD, TB Laboratory Research, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia 30333, USA. dhu@cdc.gov Y1 - 2003/09// PY - 2003 DA - September 2003 SP - 727 EP - 730 VL - 19 IS - 9 SN - 0889-2229, 0889-2229 KW - HIV Antibodies KW - 0 KW - Immunoglobulin G KW - Index Medicus KW - AIDS/HIV KW - Cross-Sectional Studies KW - Humans KW - Adult KW - Incidence KW - Aged KW - Middle Aged KW - Adolescent KW - Male KW - Immunoenzyme Techniques KW - Female KW - Immunoglobulin G -- blood KW - HIV-1 -- immunology KW - Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome -- epidemiology KW - HIV Antibodies -- blood KW - Substance Abuse, Intravenous -- complications UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/71324145?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=AIDS+research+and+human+retroviruses&rft.atitle=HIV+type+1+incidence+estimates+by+detection+of+recent+infection+from+a+cross-sectional+sampling+of+injection+drug+users+in+Bangkok%3A+use+of+the+IgG+capture+BED+enzyme+immunoassay.&rft.au=Hu%2C+Dale+J%3BVanichseni%2C+Suphak%3BMock%2C+Philip+A%3BYoung%2C+Nancy+L%3BDobbs%2C+Trudy%3BByers%2C+Robert+H%3BChoopanya%2C+Kachit%3Bvan+Griensven%2C+Frits%3BKitayaporn%2C+Dwip%3BMcDougal%2C+J+Steven%3BTappero%2C+Jordan+W%3BMastro%2C+Timothy+D%3BParekh%2C+Bharat+S&rft.aulast=Hu&rft.aufirst=Dale&rft.date=2003-09-01&rft.volume=19&rft.issue=9&rft.spage=727&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=AIDS+research+and+human+retroviruses&rft.issn=08892229&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 2003-12-11 N1 - Date created - 2003-10-30 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Evaluation of Syphilis Reactor Grids: Optimizing Impact AN - 19196834; 5780355 AB - Background: A syphilis reactor grid (SRG) is an administrative tool based on the sex, age, and serologic titer of persons with reactive serologic tests for syphilis (reactors) that is used by Sexually Transmitted Disease program staff to prioritize follow-up investigations of persons who may have syphilis. The National Plan to Eliminate Syphilis from the United States recommends that state and local health departments regularly evaluate the effectiveness of their SRGs. However, there are limited methods for SRG evaluation that are feasible for sexually transmitted disease programs. Goal: To evaluate the sensitivity and predictive value of five currently used SRGs. Study Design: Comparative evaluation of five SRGs in four different populations. Results: The percentage of true syphilis cases not assigned to an investigation by an SRG (missed cases) was dependent on syphilis prevalence among reactors and on the SRG. The percentage of reactors assigned to an investigation by an SRG that were not true cases was primarily dependent on syphilis prevalence among reactors, not SRG design. Cases missed by SRGs were predominantly men aged 30 to 50 years and women aged 20 to 40 years who had low or intermediate serologic titers. Conclusion: Monitoring the prevalence of syphilis among reactors is critical because in areas with high prevalence, most SRGs miss a substantial number of cases, and in areas with low prevalence, some SRGs can reduce unnecessary investigations. JF - Sexually Transmitted Diseases AU - Schaffzin, J K AU - Koumans, E H AU - Kahn, R H AU - Markowitz, LE AD - Division of STD Prevention, National Center for HIV, STD, and TB Prevention, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, 1600 Clifton Road, NE, Mailstop E-02, Atlanta, GA 30333, USA, exk0@cdc.gov Y1 - 2003/09// PY - 2003 DA - Sep 2003 SP - 700 EP - 706 VL - 30 IS - 9 KW - prevalence KW - Microbiology Abstracts B: Bacteriology KW - Treponema pallidum KW - Serology KW - Syphilis KW - J 02849:Sexually-transmitted diseases UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/19196834?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologyb&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Sexually+Transmitted+Diseases&rft.atitle=Evaluation+of+Syphilis+Reactor+Grids%3A+Optimizing+Impact&rft.au=Schaffzin%2C+J+K%3BKoumans%2C+E+H%3BKahn%2C+R+H%3BMarkowitz%2C+LE&rft.aulast=Schaffzin&rft.aufirst=J&rft.date=2003-09-01&rft.volume=30&rft.issue=9&rft.spage=700&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Sexually+Transmitted+Diseases&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Treponema pallidum; Syphilis; Serology ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Dynamic force responses of skeletal muscle during stretch-shortening cycles AN - 19173178; 5765400 AB - Muscle damage due to stretch-shortening cycles (i.e., cyclic eccentric/concentric muscle actions) is one of the major concerns in sports and occupational related activities. Mechanical responses of whole muscle have been associated with damage in neural motor units, in connective tissues, and the force generation mechanism. The objective of this study was to introduce a new method to quantify the real-time changes in skeletal muscle forces of rats during injurious stretch-shortening cycles. Male Sprague Dawley rats (n=24) were selected for use in this study. The dorsi flexor muscle group was exposed to either 150 stretch-shortening cycles (n=12) or 15 isometric contractions (n=12) in vivo using a dynamometer and electrical stimulation. Muscle damage after exposure to stretch-shortening cycles was verified by the non-recoverable force deficit at 48 h and the presence of myofiber necrosis. Variations of the dynamic forces during stretch-shortening cycles were analyzed by decomposing the dynamic force signature into peak force (F sub(peak)), minimum force (F sub(min)), average force (F sub(mean)), and cyclic force (F sub(a)). After the 15th set of stretch-shortening cycles, the decrease in the stretch-shortening parameters, F sub(peak), F sub(min), F sub(mean), and F sub(a), was 50% (P<0.0001), 26% (P=0.0055), 68% (P<0.0001), and 50% (P<0.0001), respectively. Our results showed that both isometric contractions and stretch-shortening cycles induce a reduction in the isometric force. However, the force reduction induced by isometric contractions fully recovered after a break of 48 h while that induced by stretch-shortening cycles did not. Histopathologic assessment of the tibialis anterior exposed to stretch-shortening cycles showed significant myofiber degeneration and necrosis with associated inflammation, while muscles exposed to isometric contractions showed no myofiber degeneration and necrosis, and limited inflammation. Our results suggest that muscle damage can be identified by the non-recoverable isometric force decrement and also by the variations in the dynamic force signature during stretch-shortening cycles. JF - European Journal of Applied Physiology AU - Geronilla, K B AU - Miller, G R AU - Mowrey, K F AU - Wu, J Z AU - Kashon, M L AU - Brumbaugh, K AU - Reynolds, J AU - Hubbs, A AU - Cutlip, R G AD - Engineering and Control Technology Branch, National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, Morgantown, WV 26505, USA, rgc8@cdc.gov Y1 - 2003/09// PY - 2003 DA - Sep 2003 SP - 144 EP - 153 VL - 90 IS - 1-2 SN - 1439-6319, 1439-6319 KW - Physical Education Index KW - Force KW - Muscles (function) KW - Exercise physiology KW - Isometrics KW - Muscles (contractions) KW - PE 090:Sports Medicine & Exercise Sport Science UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/19173178?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aphysicaleducation&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=European+Journal+of+Applied+Physiology&rft.atitle=Dynamic+force+responses+of+skeletal+muscle+during+stretch-shortening+cycles&rft.au=Geronilla%2C+K+B%3BMiller%2C+G+R%3BMowrey%2C+K+F%3BWu%2C+J+Z%3BKashon%2C+M+L%3BBrumbaugh%2C+K%3BReynolds%2C+J%3BHubbs%2C+A%3BCutlip%2C+R+G&rft.aulast=Geronilla&rft.aufirst=K&rft.date=2003-09-01&rft.volume=90&rft.issue=1-2&rft.spage=144&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=European+Journal+of+Applied+Physiology&rft.issn=14396319&rft_id=info:doi/10.1007%2Fs00421-003-0849-8 LA - English DB - Physical Education Index N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Exercise physiology; Muscles (function); Isometrics; Muscles (contractions); Force DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00421-003-0849-8 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Growth characteristics of the veterinary vaccine candidate ChimeriVax-West Nile (WN) virus in Aedes and Culex mosquitoes AN - 18876632; 5731344 AB - In 1999 West Nile (WN) virus was introduced to North America where this flavivirus has spread rapidly among wildlife (especially birds) transmitted by various species of mosquitoes (Diptera: Culicidae). Increasing numbers of cases and deaths among humans, horses and other domestic animals require development of effective vaccines. `ChimeriVax-West Nile(vet)' is being developed for use as a veterinary vaccine to protect against WN infection. This chimeric virus contains the premembrane (prM) and envelope (E) genes from the wild-type WN NY99 virus (isolated from a flamingo in New York zoo during the 1999 WN epidemic) in the backbone of yellow fever (YF) 17D vaccine virus. Replication kinetics of ChimeriVax-WN(vet) virus were evaluated in mosquito cell culture (Aedes albopictus C6/36), in WN vector mosquitoes [Culex tritaeniorhynchus Giles, Cx. nigripalpus Theobald and Cx. quinque-fasciatus Say (Diptera: Culicidae)] and in YF vectors [Aedes aegypti (L) and Ae. albopictus (Skuse)], to determine whether these mosquitoes become infected through feeding on a viraemic vaccine, and their potential infectivity to transmit the virus. Growth of ChimeriVax-WN(vet) virus was found to be restricted in mosquitoes, compared to WN virus in Ae. albopictus C6/36 cells. When inoculated intrathoracically, ChimeriVax-WN(vet) and YF 17D viruses did not replicate in Cx. tritaeniorhynchus or Cx. nigripalpus; replication was very restricted compared to the wild-type WN virus in Cx. quinquefasciatus, Ae. aegypti and Ae. albopictus. When fed on hanging drops with ChimeriVax-WN(vet) virus (7.7 log sub(10) PFU/mL), none of the Culex mosquitoes became infected; one Ae. albopictus and 10% of the Ae. aegypti became infected, but the titre was very low and virus did not disseminate to head tissue. ChimeriVax-WN(vet) virus had a replication profile similar to that of the attenuated vaccine virus YF 17D, which is not transmitted by mosquitoes. These results suggest that the natural mosquito vectors of WN and YF viruses, which may incidentally take a bloodmeal from a vaccinated host, will not become infected with ChimeriVax-WN(vet) virus. JF - Medical and Veterinary Entomology AU - Johnson, B W AU - Chambers, T V AU - Crabtree, M B AU - Arroyo, J AU - Monath, T P AU - Miller, B R AD - Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Division of Vector-Borne Infectious Diseases, Arbovirus Diseases Branch, Rampart Road, Foothills Campus, Fort Collins, Colorado 80521, USA, bfj9@cdc.gov Y1 - 2003/09// PY - 2003 DA - Sep 2003 SP - 235 EP - 243 VL - 17 IS - 3 SN - 0269-283X, 0269-283X KW - Diptera KW - E gene KW - Forest day mosquito KW - Mosquitoes KW - Southern house mosquito KW - Yellow fever mosquito KW - prM gene KW - Entomology Abstracts; ASFA 3: Aquatic Pollution & Environmental Quality; ASFA 1: Biological Sciences & Living Resources; Virology & AIDS Abstracts KW - Aedes aegypti KW - Human diseases KW - Blood meals KW - Infection KW - Public health KW - Disease transmission KW - double prime E gene KW - Cell lines KW - Aquatic insects KW - Culex quinquefasciatus KW - Biological vectors KW - Aedes KW - Vectors KW - Culicidae KW - Aedes albopictus KW - Culex KW - USA KW - Culex tritaeniorhynchus KW - Viral diseases KW - Culex nigripalpus KW - Vaccines KW - West Nile virus KW - Animal diseases KW - V 22160:Viral infections of invertebrates KW - Z 05206:Medical & veterinary entomology KW - V 22098:Immunization: Vaccines & vaccination: Animal KW - Q5 08524:Public health, medicines, dangerous organisms KW - Q1 08301:General UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/18876632?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aasfaaquaticpollution&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Medical+and+Veterinary+Entomology&rft.atitle=Growth+characteristics+of+the+veterinary+vaccine+candidate+ChimeriVax-West+Nile+%28WN%29+virus+in+Aedes+and+Culex+mosquitoes&rft.au=Johnson%2C+B+W%3BChambers%2C+T+V%3BCrabtree%2C+M+B%3BArroyo%2C+J%3BMonath%2C+T+P%3BMiller%2C+B+R&rft.aulast=Johnson&rft.aufirst=B&rft.date=2003-09-01&rft.volume=17&rft.issue=3&rft.spage=235&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Medical+and+Veterinary+Entomology&rft.issn=0269283X&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Last updated - 2014-05-07 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Biological vectors; Human diseases; Viral diseases; Vaccines; Aquatic insects; Animal diseases; Disease transmission; Public health; double prime E gene; prM gene; Vectors; Cell lines; Blood meals; Infection; Culex quinquefasciatus; Culex; Aedes aegypti; Aedes; Culex tritaeniorhynchus; Culex nigripalpus; Culicidae; Aedes albopictus; West Nile virus; USA ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Method for Simultaneous Measurement of Antibodies to 23 Pneumococcal Capsular Polysaccharides AN - 18875051; 5707916 AB - We describe a fluorescent covalent microsphere immunoassay (FCMIA) method for the simultaneous (multiplexed) measurement of immunoglobulin G (IgG) antibodies to 23 pneumococcal capsular polysaccharide (PnPS) serotypes present in the pneumococcal polysaccharide vaccine (PPV23) licensed by the Food and Drug Administration, i.e., PnPSs 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6B, 7F, 8, 9N, 9V, 10A, 11A, 12F, 14, 15B, 17F, 18C, 19A, 19F, 20, 22F, 23F, and 33F. In addition, the assay incorporates an internal control that allows for contemporaneous evaluation of the effectiveness of pneumococcal cell wall polysaccharide (C-PS) preadsorption and a second control of PnPS 25 (which is not present in any polysaccharide or conjugate vaccine), which can be used to evaluate interassay reproducibility (useful for pre- versus postvaccination studies). The FCMIA was standardized with U.S. reference antipneumococcal serotype standard serum 89S-2. Preadsorption of 89S-2 with each PnPS and C-PS yielded homologous inhibition for serotypes 1, 6B, 9N, 9V, 11A, 12F,14, 15B, 18C, 19A, 19F, 20, 22F, 25, and 33F; heterologous inhibition for serotypes 9V, 10A, 11A, 12F, 15B, 17F, 20, and 23F; and neither homologous nor heterologous inhibition for serotypes 2, 3, 4, and 5. The minimum detectable concentrations for the 24 multiplexed (PnPS and C-PS) FCMIAs ranged from 20 pg/ml for PnPS 3 to 600 pg/ml for PnPS 14. The PnPS FCMIA method has numerous benefits over enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays commonly used to measure anti-PnPS-specific IgG levels, including increased speed, smaller sample volumes, equivalent or better sensitivity, and increased dynamic range. JF - Clinical and Diagnostic Laboratory Immunology AU - Biagini, R E AU - Schlottmann, SA AU - Sammons, D L AU - Smith, J P AU - Snawder, J C AU - Striley, CAF AU - MacKenzie, BA AU - Weissman, D N AD - Division of Applied Research and Technology, National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, MS-C26, 4676 Columbia Parkway, Cincinnati, OH 45226, reb4@cdc.gov Y1 - 2003/09// PY - 2003 DA - Sep 2003 SP - 744 EP - 750 PB - American Society for Microbiology, 1752 N Street N.W. Washington, DC 20036 USA, [URL:http://www.asm.org/] VL - 10 IS - 5 SN - 1071-412X, 1071-412X KW - polysaccharides KW - Microbiology Abstracts B: Bacteriology; Immunology Abstracts KW - J 02831:Techniques and reagents KW - F 06721:Immunofluorescence UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/18875051?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologyb&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Clinical+and+Diagnostic+Laboratory+Immunology&rft.atitle=Method+for+Simultaneous+Measurement+of+Antibodies+to+23+Pneumococcal+Capsular+Polysaccharides&rft.au=Biagini%2C+R+E%3BSchlottmann%2C+SA%3BSammons%2C+D+L%3BSmith%2C+J+P%3BSnawder%2C+J+C%3BStriley%2C+CAF%3BMacKenzie%2C+BA%3BWeissman%2C+D+N&rft.aulast=Biagini&rft.aufirst=R&rft.date=2003-09-01&rft.volume=10&rft.issue=5&rft.spage=744&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Clinical+and+Diagnostic+Laboratory+Immunology&rft.issn=1071412X&rft_id=info:doi/10.1128%2FCDLI.10.5.744-750.2003 LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/CDLI.10.5.744-750.2003 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Confirmation of Nontypeable Streptococcus pneumoniae-Like Organisms Isolated from Outbreaks of Epidemic Conjunctivitis as Streptococcus pneumoniae AN - 18870623; 5707254 AB - Eleven isolates representing five distinct outbreaks of pneumococcal conjunctivitis were examined for phenotypic and genetic characteristics. None of the strains possessed capsules, and all strains were susceptible to optochin, bile soluble, and Gen-Probe AccuProbe test positive. All 11 isolates were confirmed as Streptococcus pneumoniae by DNA-DNA reassociation experiments. JF - Journal of Clinical Microbiology AU - Carvalho, MGS AU - Steigerwalt, A G AU - Thompson, T AU - Jackson, D AU - Facklam, R R AD - Centers for Diseases Control and Prevention, 1600 Clifton Rd., Mail Stop C02, Atlanta, GA 30333, rrf2@cdc.gov Y1 - 2003/09// PY - 2003 DA - Sep 2003 SP - 4415 EP - 4417 PB - American Society for Microbiology, 1752 N Street N.W. Washington, DC 20036 USA, [URL:http://www.asm.org/] VL - 41 IS - 9 SN - 0095-1137, 0095-1137 KW - Microbiology Abstracts B: Bacteriology KW - J 02855:Human Bacteriology: Others UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/18870623?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologyb&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Clinical+Microbiology&rft.atitle=Confirmation+of+Nontypeable+Streptococcus+pneumoniae-Like+Organisms+Isolated+from+Outbreaks+of+Epidemic+Conjunctivitis+as+Streptococcus+pneumoniae&rft.au=Carvalho%2C+MGS%3BSteigerwalt%2C+A+G%3BThompson%2C+T%3BJackson%2C+D%3BFacklam%2C+R+R&rft.aulast=Carvalho&rft.aufirst=MGS&rft.date=2003-09-01&rft.volume=41&rft.issue=9&rft.spage=4415&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+Clinical+Microbiology&rft.issn=00951137&rft_id=info:doi/10.1128%2FJCM.41.9.4415-4417.2003 LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/JCM.41.9.4415-4417.2003 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Characterization of Antibody Responses to Wolbachia Surface Protein in Humans with Lymphatic Filariasis AN - 18869608; 5695454 AB - Symbiotic Wolbachia organisms of filarial nematodes have received much attention as possible chemotherapy targets and disease-causing organisms. In order to further investigate the association between anti-Wolbachia immune responses and chronic filarial disease in humans, antibody responses to Wolbachia surface protein (WSP) were assayed in serum samples collected from 232 individuals living in Leogane, Haiti, an area where Wuchereria bancrofti infection is endemic, and from 67 North Americans with no history of lymphatic filariasis. As opposed to antifilarial antibody responses, which were largely influenced by the patient's infection status, the prevalence and levels of anti- WSP immunoglobulin G (IgG) antibodies among individuals with lymphedema or hydrocele were significantly greater than those in gender- and infection-matched individuals without disease. In at least one case, the anti-WSP IgG response was coincident with the onset of lymphedema development, and among anti-WSP-positive women with lymphedema, anti-WSP IgG levels were negatively correlated with the duration of lymphedema. The presence of anti-WSP IgG was also associated with the severity of inguinal adenopathy among men with hydrocele. In addition to the presence of anti-WSP antibodies among Haitians, 15 of 67 (22%) serum samples collected from individuals from North America, where filariasis is not endemic, were also positive for anti-WSP antibodies. In comparison to those from Haitians, anti-WSP antibodies from North Americans primarily recognized a distinct region of WSP located within the highly conserved second transmembrane domain. The results of this study demonstrate that anti-WSP antibody responses are associated with the presence of chronic filarial morbidity and not filarial infection status in humans and suggest that WSP should be further studied as a potential trigger for the development of filarial disease. JF - Infection and Immunity AU - Punkosdy, G A AU - Addiss, D G AU - Lammie, P J AD - Division of Parasitic Diseases, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Mailstop F-13, 4770 Buford Highway, Atlanta, GA 30341, pjl1@cdc.gov Y1 - 2003/09// PY - 2003 DA - Sep 2003 SP - 5104 EP - 5114 PB - American Society for Microbiology, 1752 N Street N.W. Washington, DC 20036 USA, [URL:http://www.asm.org/] VL - 71 IS - 9 SN - 0019-9567, 0019-9567 KW - Wolbachia surface protein KW - man KW - Immunology Abstracts; Microbiology Abstracts B: Bacteriology KW - F 06801:Bacteria KW - J 02833:Immune response and immune mechanisms UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/18869608?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologyb&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Infection+and+Immunity&rft.atitle=Characterization+of+Antibody+Responses+to+Wolbachia+Surface+Protein+in+Humans+with+Lymphatic+Filariasis&rft.au=Punkosdy%2C+G+A%3BAddiss%2C+D+G%3BLammie%2C+P+J&rft.aulast=Punkosdy&rft.aufirst=G&rft.date=2003-09-01&rft.volume=71&rft.issue=9&rft.spage=5104&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Infection+and+Immunity&rft.issn=00199567&rft_id=info:doi/10.1128%2FIAI.71.9.5104-5114.2003 LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/IAI.71.9.5104-5114.2003 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Clonal Distribution of Invasive Pneumococcal Isolates from Children and Selected Adults in the United States Prior to 7-Valent Conjugate Vaccine Introduction AN - 18868464; 5707270 AB - Theseven-valent pneumococcal conjugated polysaccharide vaccine PC7V was licensed for use among children in 2000. Since 90 serotypes of pneumococci exist, an increase in nonvaccine serotypes could occur through immune selection for capsular type switching. Eleven hundred sixty-eight invasive isolates (24 serotypes), recovered primarily from pediatric patients (855 isolates = 73%) and 22 reference strains of known multilocus sequence types (STs) were subjected to macrorestriction profiling (pulsed-field gel electrophoresis (PFGE)). The correlation of 187 ST results (including 49 newly discovered STs) with the PFGE data assigned 1,042 (89.2%) study isolates to 46 defined clonal complexes or genetic lineages based on related multilocus STs (BURST). Seventeen clonal complexes were represented by 2 to 10 related allelic profiles (STs), while 33 lineages (including reference strains) consisted of single STs with 4 or fewer allelic identities to other STs found in the study. Expansion of the BURST analysis to a global analysis of all known pneumococcal STs (as of 27 November 2002) reduced the number of single ST lineages from 33 to 8, and the number of multi-ST clonal complexes was reduced from 17 to 13. In this work, we established the basic genetic structure within individual serotypes prior to PC7V use. The resultant database will be useful for detecting potential selective effects of this vaccine in postvaccine surveillance. JF - Journal of Clinical Microbiology AU - Gertz, RE Jr AU - McEllistrem, C M AU - Boxrud, D J AU - Li, Z AU - Sakota, V AU - Thompson, T A AU - Facklam, R R AU - Besser, J M AU - Harrison, L H AU - Beall, B AU - Whitney, C G AD - CDC Respiratory Diseases Branch, Mailstop C02, 1600 Clifton Rd., N.E., Atlanta, GA 30333, bbeall@cdc.gov Y1 - 2003/09// PY - 2003 DA - Sep 2003 SP - 4194 EP - 4216 PB - American Society for Microbiology, 1752 N Street N.W. Washington, DC 20036 USA, [URL:http://www.asm.org/] VL - 41 IS - 9 SN - 0095-1137, 0095-1137 KW - isolates KW - Microbiology Abstracts B: Bacteriology KW - J 02834:Vaccination and immunization UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/18868464?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologyb&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Clinical+Microbiology&rft.atitle=Clonal+Distribution+of+Invasive+Pneumococcal+Isolates+from+Children+and+Selected+Adults+in+the+United+States+Prior+to+7-Valent+Conjugate+Vaccine+Introduction&rft.au=Gertz%2C+RE+Jr%3BMcEllistrem%2C+C+M%3BBoxrud%2C+D+J%3BLi%2C+Z%3BSakota%2C+V%3BThompson%2C+T+A%3BFacklam%2C+R+R%3BBesser%2C+J+M%3BHarrison%2C+L+H%3BBeall%2C+B%3BWhitney%2C+C+G&rft.aulast=Gertz&rft.aufirst=RE&rft.date=2003-09-01&rft.volume=41&rft.issue=9&rft.spage=4194&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+Clinical+Microbiology&rft.issn=00951137&rft_id=info:doi/10.1128%2FJCM.41.9.4194-4216.2003 LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/JCM.41.9.4194-4216.2003 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - High rates of sexually transmitted diseases among male transvestites in Jakarta, Indonesia AN - 18840701; 5744794 AB - Many male transvestites (waria) in Jakarta, Indonesia engage in unprotected receptive anal and oral intercourse with homosexual and bisexual men for pay. Although this behaviour clearly puts them at risk of sexually transmitted diseases (STDs), including HIV infection, little is known about the prevalence of STD among them. To learn the STD prevalence and its risk factors, we conducted an STD prevalence survey among waria in North Jakarta, Indonesia. From August to December 1999 we offered screening for rectal and pharyngeal infections with Neisseria gonorrhoeae (Ng), Chlamydia trachomatis (Ct) by DNA probe (GenProbe PACE 2) and for Treponema pallidum (Tp) by non-treponemal and treponemal serological tests. Of 296 participants (median age 28 years), 93% reported having been paid for sex. A total of 96% reported having had oral sex (median five times/week) and/or anal sex (median three times/week) in the last week. Ng was found in the rectum of 12.8% and the pharynx of 4.2%; Ct was found in 3.8% and 2.4%, respectively. A total of 43.6% had reactive non-treponemal and treponemal tests. Of the 129 with positive treponemal tests, 42.6% had non-treponemal test titres greater than 1:8. In the logistic regression model, waria who were younger ( less than or equal to 25 years old) had a significantly 3.5 times risk of Ng and/or Ct infections than older waria (>25 years old). Because only 12% of waria stated that they consistently used condoms during any sex act, it is important to warn them that STD/HIV transmission can occur with either anal or oral sex and that the risk of either anal or oral transmission can be reduced by condom use. In addition, high rates of asymptomatic syphilis and rectal gonorrhoea warrant a periodic screening and treatment for these infections in this population. Because waria have the highest rates of HIV and their clients consist of homosexual and bisexual men, successful prevention efforts in waria could help curb the spread of the epidemic. JF - International Journal of STD & AIDS AU - Joesoef, M R AU - Gultom, M AU - Irana, I D AU - Lewis, J S AU - Moran, J S AU - Muhaimin, T AU - Ryan, CA AD - Division of STD Prevention, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, MS-E04, 1600 Clifton Road NE, Atlanta, GA 30333, USA, mrj1@cdc.gov Y1 - 2003/09// PY - 2003 DA - Sep 2003 SP - 609 EP - 613 VL - 14 IS - 9 SN - 0956-4624, 0956-4624 KW - HIV KW - bisexuality KW - homosexuality KW - sexual behavior KW - sexually transmitted diseases KW - transvestites KW - Risk Abstracts KW - R2 23060:Medical and environmental health UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/18840701?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Ariskabstracts&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=International+Journal+of+STD+%26+AIDS&rft.atitle=High+rates+of+sexually+transmitted+diseases+among+male+transvestites+in+Jakarta%2C+Indonesia&rft.au=Joesoef%2C+M+R%3BGultom%2C+M%3BIrana%2C+I+D%3BLewis%2C+J+S%3BMoran%2C+J+S%3BMuhaimin%2C+T%3BRyan%2C+CA&rft.aulast=Joesoef&rft.aufirst=M&rft.date=2003-09-01&rft.volume=14&rft.issue=9&rft.spage=609&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=International+Journal+of+STD+%26+AIDS&rft.issn=09564624&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - A review on human exposure to brominated flame retardants--particularly polybrominated diphenyl ethers AN - 18803195; 5663597 AB - Brominated flame retardants (BFRs) have been and are still heavily used as additive or reactive chemicals in polymers and textiles. Only a few of the BFRs have been assessed in human subjects with a major data set on internal exposures to polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDEs). Increasing PBDE levels have been observed in mothers' milk from Sweden as well as in blood from Germany and Norway. The levels are in general lower than PCB levels. However, the PBDE concentrations found in the North Americans are considerably higher compared to European subjects. The PBDEs are dominated by 2,2',4,4'-tetrabromodiphenyl ether (BDE-47). Decabromodiphenyl ether (BDE-209) is reported both in the general population and in occupationally exposed persons showing the bioavailability of this high molecular weight compound. While the lower and medium brominated diphenyl ethers are persistent, BDE-209 has a fairly short half-life of approximately 2 weeks. Tetrabromobisphenol A (TBBPA) is readily eliminated in humans showing a half-life of about 2 days. Still, TBBPA is accumulated in humans but a continuous exposure to this BFR is required to maintain a certain level in the human subject. TBBPA has not been detected in the general population but in people exposed at work. The current review addresses human exposure routes and levels of BFRs. JF - Environment International AU - Sjoedin, A AU - Patterson, DG Jr AU - Bergman, A AD - Center for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), National Center for Environmental Health (NCEH), Division for Laboratory Sciences (DLS), Organic Analytical Toxicology (OAT), 4770 Buford Hwy NE, Mail Stop F-17, Atlanta, GA 30341-3724, USA, asjodin@cdc.gov Y1 - 2003/09// PY - 2003 DA - Sep 2003 SP - 829 EP - 839 PB - Elsevier Science Ltd. VL - 29 IS - 6 SN - 0160-4120, 0160-4120 KW - brominated flame retardants KW - exposure KW - man KW - polybrominated diphenyl ethers KW - tetrabromobisphenol-A KW - Health & Safety Science Abstracts; Pollution Abstracts; Toxicology Abstracts KW - H 3000:Environment and Ecology KW - X 24250:Reviews KW - P 6000:TOXICOLOGY AND HEALTH UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/18803195?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxicologyabstracts&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Environment+International&rft.atitle=A+review+on+human+exposure+to+brominated+flame+retardants--particularly+polybrominated+diphenyl+ethers&rft.au=Sjoedin%2C+A%3BPatterson%2C+DG+Jr%3BBergman%2C+A&rft.aulast=Sjoedin&rft.aufirst=A&rft.date=2003-09-01&rft.volume=29&rft.issue=6&rft.spage=829&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Environment+International&rft.issn=01604120&rft_id=info:doi/10.1016%2FS0160-4120%2803%2900108-9 LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0160-4120(03)00108-9 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Promoting Safe Walking and Biking to School: The Marin County Success Story AN - 17698146; 6063994 AB - Walking and biking to school can be an important part of a healthy lifestyle, yet most US children do not start their day with these activities. The Safe Routes to School Program in Marin County, California, is working to promote walking and biking to school. Using a multipronged approach, the program identifies and creates safe routes to schools and invites communitywide involvement. By its second year, the program was serving 4665 students in 15 schools. Participating public schools reported an increase in school trips made by walking (64%), biking (114%), and carpooling (91%) and a decrease in trips by private vehicles carrying only one student (39%). JF - American Journal of Public Health AU - Staunton, CE AU - Hubsmith, D AU - Kallins, W AD - Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Mail Stop K-30, 4770 Buford Hwy NE, Atlanta, GA 30341-3717, USA, cstaunton@cdc.gov Y1 - 2003/09/01/ PY - 2003 DA - 2003 Sep 01 SP - 1431 EP - 1434 VL - 93 IS - 9 SN - 0090-0036, 0090-0036 KW - biking KW - walking KW - Physical Education Index; Health & Safety Science Abstracts KW - Government programs KW - Physical activity KW - Safety KW - Walking KW - Children KW - Students KW - Public health KW - Lifestyle KW - Bicycling KW - Schools KW - schools KW - USA, California, Marin Cty. KW - State programs KW - USA, California KW - H 12000:Epidemiology and Public Health KW - PE 030:Exercise, Health & Physical Fitness UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/17698146?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aphysicaleducation&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=American+Journal+of+Public+Health&rft.atitle=Promoting+Safe+Walking+and+Biking+to+School%3A+The+Marin+County+Success+Story&rft.au=Staunton%2C+CE%3BHubsmith%2C+D%3BKallins%2C+W&rft.aulast=Staunton&rft.aufirst=CE&rft.date=2003-09-01&rft.volume=93&rft.issue=9&rft.spage=1431&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=American+Journal+of+Public+Health&rft.issn=00900036&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - Physical Education Index; ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Lifestyle; Walking; Bicycling; Public health; Students; Schools; Safety; Children; USA, California; USA, California, Marin Cty.; schools; Physical activity; Government programs; State programs ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Poor replication of West Nile virus (New York 1999 strain) in three reptilian and one amphibian species AN - 17516798; 5869982 AB - Because West Nile (WN) virus primarily cycles between mosquitoes and birds, North American reptiles and amphibians have not been evaluated as reservoir hosts of this virus. We infected three species of reptiles and one species of amphibian: Iguana iguana (green iguana), Thamnophis sirtalis sirtalis (Florida garter snake), Trachymes scripta elegans (red-ear slider), and Rana catesbeiana (North American bullfrog). After inoculation with WN virus, some of the green iguanas, bullfrogs, and garter snakes showed low but detectable viral loads in the blood, oral or cloacal swabs, and/or organs. JF - American Journal of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene AU - Klenk, K AU - Komar, N AD - Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, PO Box 2087, Fort Collins, CO 80522, USA, knk4@cdc.gov Y1 - 2003/09// PY - 2003 DA - Sep 2003 SP - 260 EP - 262 VL - 69 IS - 3 SN - 0002-9637, 0002-9637 KW - Bullfrog KW - Common garter snake KW - Disease reservoirs KW - Green iguana KW - Mosquitoes KW - ASFA 1: Biological Sciences & Living Resources; ASFA 3: Aquatic Pollution & Environmental Quality; Virology & AIDS Abstracts KW - North America KW - Human diseases KW - Iguana iguana KW - Amphibiotic species KW - Replication KW - Thamnophis sirtalis sirtalis KW - Aquatic reptiles KW - Culicidae KW - Trachymes scripta KW - Freshwater KW - Public health KW - Disease transmission KW - Viral diseases KW - Rana catesbeiana KW - Disease detection KW - Reservoirs KW - West Nile virus KW - V 22150:Animal models & experimentally-induced viral infections KW - Q1 08484:Species interactions: parasites and diseases KW - Q5 08524:Public health, medicines, dangerous organisms UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/17516798?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aasfaaquaticpollution&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=American+Journal+of+Tropical+Medicine+and+Hygiene&rft.atitle=Poor+replication+of+West+Nile+virus+%28New+York+1999+strain%29+in+three+reptilian+and+one+amphibian+species&rft.au=Klenk%2C+K%3BKomar%2C+N&rft.aulast=Klenk&rft.aufirst=K&rft.date=2003-09-01&rft.volume=69&rft.issue=3&rft.spage=260&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=American+Journal+of+Tropical+Medicine+and+Hygiene&rft.issn=00029637&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Last updated - 2014-05-07 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Human diseases; Viral diseases; Amphibiotic species; Replication; Aquatic reptiles; Disease detection; Disease transmission; Public health; Reservoirs; Iguana iguana; Rana catesbeiana; Thamnophis sirtalis sirtalis; Culicidae; Trachymes scripta; West Nile virus; North America; Freshwater ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Update: adverse events following civilian smallpox vaccination--United States, 2003. AN - 73596920; 12944880 AB - During January 24-August 8, 2003, smallpox vaccine was administered to 38,257 civilian health-care and public health workers in 55 jurisdictions to prepare the United States for a possible terrorist attack using smallpox virus. This report updates information on vaccine-associated adverse events among civilians vaccinated since the beginning of the program and among contacts of vaccinees, received by CDC from the Vaccine Adverse Event Reporting System (VAERS) as of August 8. JF - MMWR. Morbidity and mortality weekly report AU - Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) AD - Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) Y1 - 2003/08/29/ PY - 2003 DA - 2003 Aug 29 SP - 819 EP - 820 VL - 52 IS - 34 KW - Smallpox Vaccine KW - 0 KW - Index Medicus KW - Public Health Practice KW - Adverse Drug Reaction Reporting Systems KW - Humans KW - Immunization Programs KW - Vaccination -- adverse effects KW - United States -- epidemiology KW - Smallpox Vaccine -- adverse effects KW - Population Surveillance UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/73596920?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=MMWR.+Morbidity+and+mortality+weekly+report&rft.atitle=Update%3A+adverse+events+following+civilian+smallpox+vaccination--United+States%2C+2003.&rft.au=Centers+for+Disease+Control+and+Prevention+%28CDC%29&rft.aulast=Centers+for+Disease+Control+and+Prevention+%28CDC%29&rft.aufirst=&rft.date=2003-08-29&rft.volume=52&rft.issue=34&rft.spage=819&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=MMWR.+Morbidity+and+mortality+weekly+report&rft.issn=1545-861X&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 2003-09-02 N1 - Date created - 2003-08-28 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - New high-resolution mass spectrometric approach for the measurement of polychlorinated biphenyls and organochlorine pesticides in human serum. AN - 73509277; 12888206 AB - To increase our analytical throughput for measuring polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) and organochlorine (OC) pesticides without sacrificing data quality, we have developed and validated a combined PCB/OC pesticide gas chromatography-high-resolution mass spectrometry (GC-HRMS) analysis. In a single GC-HRMS analysis, both selected PCBs and OC pesticides are detected and quantified. Previously, this has been difficult, if not impossible, because of the major difference in masses of the most abundant electron-impact ions. However, we have identified slightly less abundant ions to monitor that allow us to successfully combine these analytes into a single analysis without sacrificing any analytical sensitivity or instrument reliability. Consequently, we have been able to double our analytical throughput by modification of mass spectrometric parameters alone. Our new methodology has been validated against our current GC-HRMS method, which entails using two separate injections, one for PCB analysis and one for OC pesticide analysis. The two methods differ by less than 4% overall, with no systematic bias. We used this method to analyze approximately 350 serum samples over a period of several months. We found that our new method was as reliable in automated, overnight runs as our current method. JF - Journal of chromatography. B, Analytical technologies in the biomedical and life sciences AU - Barr, John R AU - Maggio, Vincent L AU - Barr, Dana B AU - Turner, Wayman E AU - Sjödin, Andreas AU - Sandau, Courtney D AU - Pirkle, James L AU - Needham, Larry L AU - Patterson, Donald G AD - Division of Laboratory Sciences, National Center for Environmental Health, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, 4770 Buford Highway, NE, Atlanta, GA 30341, USA. jbarr@cdc.gov Y1 - 2003/08/25/ PY - 2003 DA - 2003 Aug 25 SP - 137 EP - 148 VL - 794 IS - 1 SN - 1570-0232, 1570-0232 KW - Insecticides KW - 0 KW - Polychlorinated Biphenyls KW - DFC2HB4I0K KW - Index Medicus KW - Reproducibility of Results KW - Humans KW - Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry -- methods KW - Polychlorinated Biphenyls -- blood KW - Insecticides -- blood UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/73509277?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+chromatography.+B%2C+Analytical+technologies+in+the+biomedical+and+life+sciences&rft.atitle=New+high-resolution+mass+spectrometric+approach+for+the+measurement+of+polychlorinated+biphenyls+and+organochlorine+pesticides+in+human+serum.&rft.au=Barr%2C+John+R%3BMaggio%2C+Vincent+L%3BBarr%2C+Dana+B%3BTurner%2C+Wayman+E%3BSj%C3%B6din%2C+Andreas%3BSandau%2C+Courtney+D%3BPirkle%2C+James+L%3BNeedham%2C+Larry+L%3BPatterson%2C+Donald+G&rft.aulast=Barr&rft.aufirst=John&rft.date=2003-08-25&rft.volume=794&rft.issue=1&rft.spage=137&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+chromatography.+B%2C+Analytical+technologies+in+the+biomedical+and+life+sciences&rft.issn=15700232&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 2004-07-16 N1 - Date created - 2003-07-30 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Suspected moonflower intoxication--Ohio, 2002. AN - 73587564; 12931077 AB - During October 11-November 20, 2002, the Cincinnati Drug and Poison Information Center (DPIC) received notification of and offered treatment advice for 14 adolescents in the Akron/Cleveland, Ohio, area who became ill after intentional exposure to toxic seeds that DPIC identified as Datura inoxia. All became ill shortly after eating the seeds or drinking tea brewed using the seeds. All patients recovered fully after treatment. This report summarizes these cases, discusses the characteristics of the various plants known commonly as "moonflowers," and underscores the need for awareness of the potential toxicity from recreational use of a plant. JF - MMWR. Morbidity and mortality weekly report AU - Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) AD - Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) Y1 - 2003/08/22/ PY - 2003 DA - 2003 Aug 22 SP - 788 EP - 791 VL - 52 IS - 33 KW - Index Medicus KW - Seeds KW - Humans KW - Poisoning -- epidemiology KW - Ohio -- epidemiology KW - Adolescent KW - Male KW - Female KW - Datura -- poisoning KW - Substance-Related Disorders -- epidemiology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/73587564?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=MMWR.+Morbidity+and+mortality+weekly+report&rft.atitle=Suspected+moonflower+intoxication--Ohio%2C+2002.&rft.au=Centers+for+Disease+Control+and+Prevention+%28CDC%29&rft.aulast=Centers+for+Disease+Control+and+Prevention+%28CDC%29&rft.aufirst=&rft.date=2003-08-22&rft.volume=52&rft.issue=33&rft.spage=788&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=MMWR.+Morbidity+and+mortality+weekly+report&rft.issn=1545-861X&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 2003-08-25 N1 - Date created - 2003-08-21 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Breastfeeding practices in a cohort of inner-city women: the role of contraindications. AN - 71572354; 12930560 AB - Little is known about the role of breastfeeding contraindications in breastfeeding practices. Our objectives were to 1) identify predictors of breastfeeding initiation and duration among a cohort of predominantly low-income, inner-city women, and 2) evaluate the contribution of breastfeeding contraindications to breastfeeding practices. Mother-infant dyads were systematically selected from 3 District of Columbia hospitals between 1995 and 1996. Breastfeeding contraindications and potential predictors of breastfeeding practices were identified through medical record reviews and interviews conducted after delivery (baseline). Interviews were conducted at 3-7 months postpartum and again at 7-12 months postpartum to determine breastfeeding initiation rates and duration. Multivariable logistic regression analysis was used to identify baseline factors associated with initiation of breastfeeding. Cox proportional hazards models were generated to identify baseline factors associated with duration of breastfeeding. Of 393 study participants, 201 (51%) initiated breastfeeding. A total of 61 women (16%) had at lease one documented contraindication to breastfeeding; 94% of these had a history of HIV infection and/or cocaine use. Of the 332 women with no documented contraindications, 58% initiated breastfeeding, vs. 13% of women with a contraindication. In adjusted analysis, factors most strongly associated with breastfeeding initiation were presence of a contraindication (adjusted odds ratio [AOR], 0.19; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.08-0.47), and mother foreign-born (AOR, 4.90; 95% CI, 2.38-10.10). Twenty-five percent of study participants who did not initiate breastfeeding cited concern about passing dangerous things to their infants through breast milk. Factors associated with discontinuation of breastfeeding (all protective) included mother foreign-born (hazard ratio [HR], 0.55; 95% CI 0.39-0.77) increasing maternal age (HR for 5-year increments, 0.80; 95% CI, 0.69-0.92), and infant birth weight > or = 2500 grams (HR, 0.45; 95% CI, 0.26-0.80). Breastfeeding initiation rates and duration were suboptimal in this inner-city population. Many women who did not breastfeed had contraindications and/or were concerned about passing dangerous things to their infants through breast milk. It is important to consider the prevalence of contraindications to breastfeeding when evaluating breastfeeding practices in high-risk communities. JF - BMC public health AU - England, Lucinda AU - Brenner, Ruth AU - Bhaskar, Brinda AU - Simons-Morton, Bruce AU - Das, Abhik AU - Revenis, Mary AU - Mehta, Nitin AU - Clemens, John AD - Division of Epidemiology, Statistics, and Prevention Research, National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, Department of Health and Human Services, Bethesda, MD 20895, USA. lbe9@cdc.gov Y1 - 2003/08/20/ PY - 2003 DA - 2003 Aug 20 SP - 28 VL - 3 KW - Index Medicus KW - Birth Weight KW - Humans KW - Infant, Newborn KW - Weaning KW - Infant KW - Poverty -- ethnology KW - Maternal Age KW - Adult KW - Cohort Studies KW - District of Columbia -- epidemiology KW - HIV Infections -- epidemiology KW - Female KW - Substance-Related Disorders -- epidemiology KW - Proportional Hazards Models KW - Breast Feeding -- statistics & numerical data KW - Breast Feeding -- adverse effects KW - Urban Population -- statistics & numerical data KW - Urban Population -- classification KW - Mothers -- statistics & numerical data KW - Breast Feeding -- ethnology KW - Attitude to Health -- ethnology KW - Maternal Behavior -- psychology KW - Mothers -- psychology KW - Maternal Behavior -- ethnology KW - Mothers -- classification UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/71572354?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=BMC+public+health&rft.atitle=Breastfeeding+practices+in+a+cohort+of+inner-city+women%3A+the+role+of+contraindications.&rft.au=England%2C+Lucinda%3BBrenner%2C+Ruth%3BBhaskar%2C+Brinda%3BSimons-Morton%2C+Bruce%3BDas%2C+Abhik%3BRevenis%2C+Mary%3BMehta%2C+Nitin%3BClemens%2C+John&rft.aulast=England&rft.aufirst=Lucinda&rft.date=2003-08-20&rft.volume=3&rft.issue=&rft.spage=28&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=BMC+public+health&rft.issn=1471-2458&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 2004-05-24 N1 - Date created - 2004-05-10 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - SuppNotes - Cited By: Pediatr Clin North Am. 2001 Feb;48(1):235-51 [11236729] Breastfeed Rev. 1999 Mar;7(1):5-16 [10197366] Pediatrics. 2001 Mar;107(3):543-8 [11230597] Ethn Dis. 2001 Winter;11(1):72-9 [11289255] Pediatrics. 2001 Aug;108(2):291-6 [11483790] Arch Dis Child. 2001 Sep;85(3):183-8 [11517096] Pediatrics. 2001 Sep;108(3):661-70 [11533333] Pediatrics. 2001 Sep;108(3):776-89 [11533352] J Pediatr. 2003 May;142(5):486-91 [12756378] Pediatrics. 1982 Aug;70(2):239-45 [7099789] Early Hum Dev. 1982 Dec 6;7(3):273-80 [7160337] Pediatrics. 1984 Oct;74(4 Pt 2):615-38 [6384916] Lancet. 1988 Aug 13;2(8607):365-8 [2899774] Pediatrics. 1988 Sep;82(3 Pt 2):496-503 [3405686] Diabetes. 1988 Dec;37(12):1625-32 [3192037] CMAJ. 1989 May 15;140(10):1159-64 [2713801] Pediatrics. 1989 Oct;84(4):626-32 [2780124] Am J Clin Nutr. 1989 Oct;50(4):868-74 [2801593] BMJ. 1990 Jan 6;300(6716):11-6 [2105113] Am J Dis Child. 1991 Mar;145(3):306-9 [2003480] Am J Med Sci. 1993 Jul;306(1):28-34 [8328506] Ann Epidemiol. 1993 Jul;3(4):387-92 [8275215] J Pediatr. 1995 Feb;126(2):191-7 [7844664] J Clin Epidemiol. 1994 Jul;47(7):739-46 [7722587] J Pediatr. 1995 May;126(5 Pt 1):696-702 [7751991] Acta Paediatr. 1997 Feb;86(2):173-7 [9055888] J Hum Lact. 1997 Mar;13(1):45-50 [9233185] Pediatrics. 1997 Dec;100(6):1035-9 [9411381] Vital Health Stat 1. 1997 Oct;(36):1-89 [9429337] Pediatrics. 1997 Apr;99(4):E12 [9099787] Pediatrics. 1998 Jun;101(6):E11 [9606253] Birth. 2000 Jun;27(2):91-6 [11251485] N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Prevalence of chronic hepatitis B and incidence of acute hepatitis B infection in human immunodeficiency virus-infected subjects. AN - 73519805; 12898445 AB - We determined incidence and risk factors for acute and chronic hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection and HBV vaccination rates among human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-infected subjects from the Adult/Adolescent Spectrum of HIV Disease Project, during 1998-2001. Among 16,248 HIV-infected patients receiving care, the incidence of acute HBV was 12.2 cases/1000 person-years (316 cases), was higher among black subjects (rate ratio [RR], 1.4; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.0-2.0), subjects with alcoholism (RR, 1.7; 95% CI, 1.2-2.3), subjects who had recently injected drugs (RR, 1.6; 95% CI, 1.1-2.4), and subjects with a history of AIDS-defining conditions (RR, 1.5; 95% CI, 1.2-1.9) and was lower in those taking either antiretroviral therapy (ART) with lamivudine (RR, 0.5; 95% CI, 0.4-0.6), ART without lamivudine (RR, 0.5; 95% CI, 0.3-0.7), or >/=1 dose of HBV vaccine (14% of subjects) (RR, 0.6; 95% CI, 0.4-0.9). Prevalence of chronic HBV was 7.6% among unvaccinated subjects. HBV rates in this population were much higher than those in the general population, and vaccination levels were low. HBV remains an important cause of comorbidity in HIV-infected persons, but ART and vaccination are associated with decreased disease. JF - The Journal of infectious diseases AU - Kellerman, Scott E AU - Hanson, Debra L AU - McNaghten, A D AU - Fleming, Patricia L AD - Surveillance Branch, Division of HIV/AIDS Prevention, Surveillance and Epidemiology, National Center for HIV, STD, and TB Prevention, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia 30306, USA. sek@cdc.gov. Y1 - 2003/08/15/ PY - 2003 DA - 2003 Aug 15 SP - 571 EP - 577 VL - 188 IS - 4 SN - 0022-1899, 0022-1899 KW - Anti-HIV Agents KW - 0 KW - Hepatitis B Vaccines KW - Abridged Index Medicus KW - Index Medicus KW - Acute Disease KW - Hepatitis B, Chronic -- epidemiology KW - Humans KW - African Americans KW - Hepatitis B, Chronic -- immunology KW - Hepatitis B Vaccines -- immunology KW - Anti-HIV Agents -- therapeutic use KW - Risk Factors KW - Adult KW - Cohort Studies KW - Antiretroviral Therapy, Highly Active KW - Incidence KW - Hepatitis B, Chronic -- complications KW - Substance Abuse, Intravenous -- complications KW - Alcoholism -- complications KW - Male KW - Female KW - Prevalence KW - Hepatitis B -- complications KW - HIV Infections -- complications KW - Hepatitis B -- immunology KW - HIV Infections -- drug therapy KW - Hepatitis B -- epidemiology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/73519805?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Journal+of+infectious+diseases&rft.atitle=Prevalence+of+chronic+hepatitis+B+and+incidence+of+acute+hepatitis+B+infection+in+human+immunodeficiency+virus-infected+subjects.&rft.au=Kellerman%2C+Scott+E%3BHanson%2C+Debra+L%3BMcNaghten%2C+A+D%3BFleming%2C+Patricia+L&rft.aulast=Kellerman&rft.aufirst=Scott&rft.date=2003-08-15&rft.volume=188&rft.issue=4&rft.spage=571&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=The+Journal+of+infectious+diseases&rft.issn=00221899&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 2003-09-09 N1 - Date created - 2003-08-04 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Evaluation of two portable lead-monitoring methods at mining sites AN - 19214389; 5788715 AB - Two methods for measuring airborne lead using field-portable instruments have been developed by the National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH): Method 7702 uses X-ray fluorescence (XRF), and Method 7701 employs ultrasonic extraction (UE) followed by anodic stripping voltammetry (ASV). The two portable methods were evaluated at mining sites. Area air samples were collected throughout two mills where ore from nearby mines was processed; the primary constituent of the ore was lead sulfide (galena). The air samples were collected on 37 mm mixed cellulose ester membrane filters housed within plastic filter cassettes. At the end of the work shift, the cassettes were collected and taken to a room off-site for analysis by the two portable methods. The filter samples were first analyzed by XRF and then by UE/ASV. Calibration was verified on both instruments according to standard procedures. The samples were then sent for confirmatory analysis via flame atomic absorption spectrometry (FAAS) according to NIOSH Method 7082. Pairwise comparisons between the methods using the paired t-test showed no statistically significant differences between ASV and FAAS (P > 0.05); however, the comparison between XRF and FAAS was statistically significant (P 0.96), suggesting that they are suitable as screening methods for airborne lead at mining sites. JF - Journal of Hazardous Materials AU - Drake, P L AU - Lawryk, N J AU - Ashley, K AU - Sussell, AL AU - Hazelwood, K J AU - Song, R AD - US Department of Health and Human Services, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH), 315 E. Montgomery Avenue, Spokane, WA 99207, USA, pdrake@cdc.gov Y1 - 2003/08/15/ PY - 2003 DA - 2003 Aug 15 SP - 29 EP - 38 VL - 102 IS - 1 SN - 0304-3894, 0304-3894 KW - Health & Safety Science Abstracts; Pollution Abstracts KW - Pollution monitoring KW - Heavy metals KW - Lead KW - Air pollution KW - Air sampling KW - Mining KW - Occupational exposure KW - H 1000:Occupational Safety and Health KW - P 6000:TOXICOLOGY AND HEALTH UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/19214389?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Apollution&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Hazardous+Materials&rft.atitle=Evaluation+of+two+portable+lead-monitoring+methods+at+mining+sites&rft.au=Drake%2C+P+L%3BLawryk%2C+N+J%3BAshley%2C+K%3BSussell%2C+AL%3BHazelwood%2C+K+J%3BSong%2C+R&rft.aulast=Drake&rft.aufirst=P&rft.date=2003-08-15&rft.volume=102&rft.issue=1&rft.spage=29&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+Hazardous+Materials&rft.issn=03043894&rft_id=info:doi/10.1016%2FS0304-3894%2803%2900200-0 LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2010-05-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-14 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Air pollution; Pollution monitoring; Heavy metals; Air sampling; Mining; Occupational exposure; Lead DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0304-3894(03)00200-0 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Developments in electrochemical sensors for occupational and environmental health applications AN - 19202125; 5788713 AB - This paper provides an overview of recent advances in electrochemical sensors for industrial hygiene monitoring applications. Currently available instrument technologies as well as new devices under development are both exemplified. Progress in ruggedization and miniaturization of electroanalytical devices has led to significant improvements for on-site monitoring applications, e.g. in harsh environments and in biological monitoring. Sensor arrays and modified electrodes offer considerable promise for improved electrochemical sensing, i.e. through multi-species detection and enhanced selectivity. On-site electroanalytical detection and measurement in the field may become more widely used for applications in occupational health monitoring. JF - Journal of Hazardous Materials AU - Ashley, K AD - US Department of Health and Human Services, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, Cincinnati, OH 45226-1998, USA, kashley@cdc.gov Y1 - 2003/08/15/ PY - 2003 DA - 2003 Aug 15 SP - 1 EP - 12 VL - 102 IS - 1 SN - 0304-3894, 0304-3894 KW - Health & Safety Science Abstracts; Pollution Abstracts KW - Sensors KW - Environmental health KW - Electrochemistry KW - Hygiene KW - Occupational health KW - Monitoring instruments KW - H 12000:Epidemiology and Public Health KW - H 1000:Occupational Safety and Health KW - P 6000:TOXICOLOGY AND HEALTH UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/19202125?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Apollution&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Hazardous+Materials&rft.atitle=Developments+in+electrochemical+sensors+for+occupational+and+environmental+health+applications&rft.au=Ashley%2C+K&rft.aulast=Ashley&rft.aufirst=K&rft.date=2003-08-15&rft.volume=102&rft.issue=1&rft.spage=1&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+Hazardous+Materials&rft.issn=03043894&rft_id=info:doi/10.1016%2FS0304-3894%2803%2900198-5 LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2010-05-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-14 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Sensors; Environmental health; Hygiene; Electrochemistry; Monitoring instruments; Occupational health DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0304-3894(03)00198-5 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Increasing trends in hospitalization for atrial fibrillation in the United States, 1985 through 1999: implications for primary prevention. AN - 73559376; 12885749 AB - Atrial fibrillation, the most common sustained disturbance of heart rhythm, is associated with a 5-fold increase in the incidence of ischemic stroke. The National Hospital Discharge Survey was used to estimate the annual number and prevalence of hospitalizations with atrial fibrillation among men and women 35 years of age or older. From 1985 through 1999, hospitalizations increased from 154 086 to 376 487 for a first-listed diagnosis and from 787 750 to 2 283 673 for any diagnosis. Prevalence was higher among successive age groups. Age-standardized prevalence was consistently higher among men than women. In 1999, essential hypertension, ischemic heart disease, congestive heart failure, and diabetes were prominent coexisting conditions. The number of male patients discharged home decreased from 77% to 63%, whereas the number of discharges to long-term care increased from 9% to 15%; the corresponding values for women were 72% to 56% and 15% to 23%. A slight increase in discharges to short-term care was indicated, whereas no trends were noted for in-hospital mortality. Hospitalizations for atrial fibrillation have increased dramatically (2- to 3-fold) in recent years. The public health burden of atrial fibrillation is enormous and expected to continue to increase over the next decades. Primary prevention of atrial fibrillation must be recognized and pursued as a complementary management strategy for reducing cardiovascular morbidity and mortality. JF - Circulation AU - Wattigney, Wendy A AU - Mensah, George A AU - Croft, Janet B AD - Division of Health Studies, Agency for Toxic Substances and Disease Registry, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, 1600 Clifton Road NE, Mailstop E-31, Atlanta, Ga 30333, USA. wdw0@cdc.gov Y1 - 2003/08/12/ PY - 2003 DA - 2003 Aug 12 SP - 711 EP - 716 VL - 108 IS - 6 KW - Abridged Index Medicus KW - Index Medicus KW - Humans KW - Aged KW - Pneumonia -- epidemiology KW - Comorbidity KW - Myocardial Infarction -- epidemiology KW - Age Distribution KW - Myocardial Ischemia -- epidemiology KW - Demography KW - Aged, 80 and over KW - Hospital Mortality KW - Adult KW - Heart Failure -- epidemiology KW - Middle Aged KW - United States -- epidemiology KW - Sex Distribution KW - Female KW - Male KW - Prevalence KW - Atrial Fibrillation -- epidemiology KW - Health Care Surveys -- statistics & numerical data KW - Atrial Fibrillation -- therapy KW - Hospitalization -- statistics & numerical data KW - Health Services Needs and Demand -- trends KW - Hospitalization -- trends UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/73559376?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Circulation&rft.atitle=Increasing+trends+in+hospitalization+for+atrial+fibrillation+in+the+United+States%2C+1985+through+1999%3A+implications+for+primary+prevention.&rft.au=Wattigney%2C+Wendy+A%3BMensah%2C+George+A%3BCroft%2C+Janet+B&rft.aulast=Wattigney&rft.aufirst=Wendy&rft.date=2003-08-12&rft.volume=108&rft.issue=6&rft.spage=711&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Circulation&rft.issn=1524-4539&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 2003-09-17 N1 - Date created - 2003-08-12 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Update: adverse event data and revised American Thoracic Society/CDC recommendations against the use of rifampin and pyrazinamide for treatment of latent tuberculosis infection--United States, 2003. AN - 73607670; 12904741 AB - CDC has reported previously surveillance data of severe liver injury in patients treated for latent tuberculosis infection (LTBI) with a daily and twice-weekly 2-month regimen of rifampin with pyrazinamide (RZ). On the basis of these initial reports, CDC cautioned clinicians in the use of this therapy with advised additional monitoring. To estimate the incidence of RZ-associated severe liver injury and provide more precise data to guide treatment for LTBI, CDC collected data from cohorts of patients in the United States who received RZ for the treatment of LTBI during January 2000-June 2002 and for whom data were reported to CDC through June 6, 2003. This report summarizes the analysis, which found high rates of hospitalization and death from liver injury associated with the use of RZ. On the basis of these findings, the American Thoracic Society (ATS) and CDC now recommend that this regimen should generally not be offered to persons with LTBI. The revised ATS/CDC recommendations described in this report have been endorsed by the Infectious Diseases Society of America (IDSA). Clinicians are advised to use the recommended alternative regimens for the treatment of LTBI. Rifampin and pyrazinamide (PZA) should continue to be administered in multidrug regimens for the treatment of persons with active tuberculosis (TB) disease. JF - MMWR. Morbidity and mortality weekly report AU - Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) AU - American Thoracic Society AD - Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) ; American Thoracic Society Y1 - 2003/08/08/ PY - 2003 DA - 2003 Aug 08 SP - 735 EP - 739 VL - 52 IS - 31 KW - Antitubercular Agents KW - 0 KW - Pyrazinamide KW - 2KNI5N06TI KW - Rifampin KW - VJT6J7R4TR KW - Index Medicus KW - Drug Therapy, Combination KW - Tuberculosis -- drug therapy KW - Humans KW - Retrospective Studies KW - United States -- epidemiology KW - Pyrazinamide -- adverse effects KW - Chemical and Drug Induced Liver Injury -- etiology KW - Chemical and Drug Induced Liver Injury -- epidemiology KW - Rifampin -- adverse effects KW - Antitubercular Agents -- adverse effects UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/73607670?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=MMWR.+Morbidity+and+mortality+weekly+report&rft.atitle=Update%3A+adverse+event+data+and+revised+American+Thoracic+Society%2FCDC+recommendations+against+the+use+of+rifampin+and+pyrazinamide+for+treatment+of+latent+tuberculosis+infection--United+States%2C+2003.&rft.au=Centers+for+Disease+Control+and+Prevention+%28CDC%29%3BAmerican+Thoracic+Society&rft.aulast=Centers+for+Disease+Control+and+Prevention+%28CDC%29&rft.aufirst=&rft.date=2003-08-08&rft.volume=52&rft.issue=31&rft.spage=735&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=MMWR.+Morbidity+and+mortality+weekly+report&rft.issn=1545-861X&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 2003-08-11 N1 - Date created - 2003-08-07 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Efficacy of a technique for exposing the mouse lung to particles aspirated from the pharynx AN - 18816931; 5706736 AB - Recent studies have demonstrated that the mouse lung can be exposed to soluble antigens by aspiration of these antigens from the pharynx. This simple technique avoids the trauma associated with intratracheal instillation. In this study, the pharyngeal aspiration technique was validated for exposing the mouse lung to respirable particles. Using respirable fluorescent amine-modified polystyrene latex beads and beryllium oxide particles, we investigated the localization of aspirated particles within the lung and the relationship between the amount of material placed in the pharynx and the amount deposited in the lung. For exposure, mice were anesthetized with isoflurane in a bell jar, placed on a slant board, and the tongue was gently held in full extension while a 50- mu l suspension of particles was pipetted onto the base of the tongue. Tongue restraint was maintained until at least two breaths were completed. Less than a minute after exposure, all mice awoke from anesthesia without visible sequela. There were no significant differences in particle distribution between the left and right side of the lung (p = .16). Particles were widely disseminated in a peribronchiolar pattern within the alveolar region. There was a linear and significant correlation (r super(2) = .99) between the amount administered and the amount deposited in the lung. In beryllium-exposed mice, measurable lung beryllium was 77.5 to 88.2% of the administered beryllium. These findings demonstrate that following aspiration of pharyngeal deposited particles, exposures to the deep lung are repeatable, technically simple, and highly correlated to the administered dose. JF - Journal of Toxicology and Environmental Health, Part A: Current Issues AU - Rao, GVS AU - Tinkle, S AU - Weissman, D N AU - Antonini, J M AU - Kashon, M L AU - Salmen, R AU - Battelli, LA AU - Willard, P A AU - Hubbs, A F AU - Hoover, MD AD - DACVP, NIOSH/CDC, 1095 Willowdale Road, M/S 2015, Morgantown, WV 26505, USA, AHubbs@cdc.gov Y1 - 2003/08/08/ PY - 2003 DA - 2003 Aug 08 SP - 1441 EP - 1452 VL - 66 IS - 15 SN - 1528-7394, 1528-7394 KW - exposure KW - mice KW - particles KW - Toxicology Abstracts KW - X 24221:Toxicity testing UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/18816931?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxicologyabstracts&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Toxicology+and+Environmental+Health%2C+Part+A%3A+Current+Issues&rft.atitle=Efficacy+of+a+technique+for+exposing+the+mouse+lung+to+particles+aspirated+from+the+pharynx&rft.au=Rao%2C+GVS%3BTinkle%2C+S%3BWeissman%2C+D+N%3BAntonini%2C+J+M%3BKashon%2C+M+L%3BSalmen%2C+R%3BBattelli%2C+LA%3BWillard%2C+P+A%3BHubbs%2C+A+F%3BHoover%2C+MD&rft.aulast=Rao&rft.aufirst=GVS&rft.date=2003-08-08&rft.volume=66&rft.issue=15&rft.spage=1441&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+Toxicology+and+Environmental+Health%2C+Part+A%3A+Current+Issues&rft.issn=15287394&rft_id=info:doi/10.1080%2F15287390390201839 LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/15287390390201839 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Effect of perchloroethylene, smoking, and race on oxidative DNA damage in female dry cleaners. AN - 73609787; 12948810 AB - Perchloroethylene (PERC) is used widely as an industrial dry cleaning solvent and metal degreaser. PERC is an animal carcinogen that produces increased incidence of renal adenomas, adenocarcinomas, mononuclear cell leukemia, and hepatocellular tumors. Oxidative DNA damage and lipid peroxidation were assessed in 38 women with (dry cleaners) or without (launderers) occupational exposure to PERC. PERC exposure was assessed by collecting breathing zone samples on two consecutive days of a typical work week. PERC levels were measured in blood drawn on the morning of the second day of breathing zone sample collection in dry cleaners and before a typical workday in launderers. Blood PERC levels were two orders of magnitude higher in dry cleaners compared to launderers. A significant correlation was noted between time weighted average (TWA) PERC and blood PERC in dry cleaners (r=0.7355, P<0.002). 8-Hydroxydeoxyguanosine (8-OHdG), ng/mg deoxyguanosine (dG) in leukocyte nuclear DNA was used as an index of steady-state oxidative DNA damage. Urinary 8-OHdG, microg/g creatinine was used as an index of oxidative DNA damage repair. Urinary 8-epi-prostaglandin F(2alpha) (8-epi-PGF), ng/g creatinine was used as an index of lipid peroxidation. The mean+/-S.D. leukocyte 8-OHdG in launderers was 16.0+/-7.3 and was significantly greater than the 8.1+/-3.6 value for dry cleaners. Urinary 8-OHdG and 8-epi-PGF were not significantly different between dry cleaners and launderers. Unadjusted Pearson correlation analysis of log transformed PERC exposure indices and biomarkers of oxidative stress indicated a significant association in launderers between blood PERC and day 1 urinary 8-OHdG (r=0.4661, P<0.044). No significant associations between exposure indices and biomarkers were evident in linear models adjusted for age, body mass index, race, smoking (urinary cotinine, mg/g creatinine) and blood levels of the antioxidants Vitamin E and beta-carotene. The mean+/-S.D. leukocyte 8-OHdG value in control white women was 17.8+/-7.4 and was significantly greater than the 11.8+/-5.9 in control black women. No significant differences by race were evident for the other biomarkers. Smoking status was not significantly associated with any of the oxidative damage indices. Results indicate a reduction in oxidative DNA damage in PERC exposed dry cleaners relative to launderers, but PERC could not clearly be defined as the source of the effect. JF - Mutation research AU - Toraason, Mark AU - Butler, Mary Ann AU - Ruder, Avima AU - Forrester, Christy AU - Taylor, Lauralynn AU - Ashley, David L AU - Mathias, Patty AU - Marlow, Kate L AU - Cheever, Kenneth L AU - Krieg, Edward AU - Wey, Howard AD - The National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, 4676 Columbia Parkway, Cincinnati, OH 45226, USA. mtoraason@cdc.gov Y1 - 2003/08/05/ PY - 2003 DA - 2003 Aug 05 SP - 9 EP - 18 VL - 539 IS - 1-2 SN - 0027-5107, 0027-5107 KW - Air Pollutants, Occupational KW - 0 KW - Guanine KW - 5Z93L87A1R KW - 8-oxo-7,8-dihydrodeoxyguanine KW - 6957-76-2 KW - Tetrachloroethylene KW - TJ904HH8SN KW - Index Medicus KW - Air Pollution, Indoor KW - Humans KW - Adult KW - Lymphocytes -- metabolism KW - Middle Aged KW - Lipid Peroxidation KW - Female KW - DNA Damage KW - Oxidative Stress KW - Guanine -- blood KW - Smoking -- adverse effects KW - Guanine -- analogs & derivatives KW - Tetrachloroethylene -- toxicity KW - Laundering KW - Guanine -- urine UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/73609787?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Mutation+research&rft.atitle=Effect+of+perchloroethylene%2C+smoking%2C+and+race+on+oxidative+DNA+damage+in+female+dry+cleaners.&rft.au=Toraason%2C+Mark%3BButler%2C+Mary+Ann%3BRuder%2C+Avima%3BForrester%2C+Christy%3BTaylor%2C+Lauralynn%3BAshley%2C+David+L%3BMathias%2C+Patty%3BMarlow%2C+Kate+L%3BCheever%2C+Kenneth+L%3BKrieg%2C+Edward%3BWey%2C+Howard&rft.aulast=Toraason&rft.aufirst=Mark&rft.date=2003-08-05&rft.volume=539&rft.issue=1-2&rft.spage=9&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Mutation+research&rft.issn=00275107&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 2003-10-08 N1 - Date created - 2003-09-01 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Surveillance for health behaviors of American Indians and Alaska Natives. Findings from the Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System, 1997-2000. AN - 75763160; 14532869 AB - In the United States, disparities in risks for chronic disease (e.g., diabetes, cardiovascular disease, and cancer) and human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) and acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) are evident among American Indians and Alaska Natives (AI/ANs) and other groups. This report summarizes findings from the 1997-2000 Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System (BRFSS) for health-status indicators, health-risk behaviors, and HIV testing and perceived risk for HIV infection among AI/ANs, compared with other racial/ethnic groups in five regions of the United States. 1997-2000. BRFSS is a state-based telephone survey of the civilian, noninstitutionalized, adult (i.e., persons aged > or =18 years) population. For this report, responses from the 36 states covered by the Indian Health Service administrative areas were analyzed. Region and sex-specific variations occurred in the prevalence of high-risk behaviors and health-status indicators. For example, the prevalence of current cigarette smoking ranged from 21.2% in the Southwest to 44.1% in the Northern Plains, and the awareness of diabetes was lower in Alaska than in other regions. Men were more likely than women to report binge drinking and drinking and driving. For the majority of health behaviors and status measures, AI/ANs were more likely than respondents of other racial/ethnic groups to be at increased risk. For example, AI/ANs were more likely than respondents of other racial/ethnic groups to report obesity (23.9% versus 18.7%) and no leisure-time physical activity (32.5% versus 27.5%). The 1997-2000 BRFSS data demonstrate that health behaviors vary regionally among AI/ANs and by sex. The data also reveal disparities in health behaviors between AI/ANs and other racial/ethnic groups. The reasons for these differences by region and sex, and for the racial/ethnic disparities, are subjects for further study. However, such patterns should be monitored through continued surveillance, and the data should be used to guide prevention and research activities. For example, states with substantial AI/AN populations, and certain tribes, have successfully used BRFSS data to develop and monitor diabetes and tobacco prevention and control programs. Federal and state agencies, tribes, Indian health boards, and urban Indian health centers will continue to use BRFSS data to develop and guide public health programs and policies. The BRFSS data will also be used to monitor progress in eliminating racial and ethnic health disparities. Regional Indian health boards, tribal epidemiology centers, and Indian Health Service Area Offices can use the findings of this report to prioritize interventions to prevent specific health problems in their geographic areas. Moreover, tribes and other institutions that promote AI/AN health care can use the report to document health needs when applying for resources. JF - Morbidity and mortality weekly report. Surveillance summaries (Washington, D.C. : 2002) AU - Denny, Clark H AU - Holtzman, Deborah AU - Cobb, Nathaniel AD - Division of Adult and Community Health, National Center for Chronic Disease Prevention and Health Promotion, CDC, Albuquerque, New Mexico, USA. Y1 - 2003/08/01/ PY - 2003 DA - 2003 Aug 01 SP - 1 EP - 13 VL - 52 IS - 7 KW - Index Medicus KW - Risk-Taking KW - Humans KW - HIV Infections -- ethnology KW - AIDS Serodiagnosis -- utilization KW - Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System KW - Health Status Indicators KW - Diabetes Mellitus -- ethnology KW - Vaginal Smears -- utilization KW - Alcoholism -- ethnology KW - Smoking -- ethnology KW - Obesity -- ethnology KW - United States -- epidemiology KW - Female KW - Male KW - Health Status KW - Health Behavior -- ethnology KW - Inuits -- statistics & numerical data KW - Indians, North American -- statistics & numerical data UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/75763160?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Morbidity+and+mortality+weekly+report.+Surveillance+summaries+%28Washington%2C+D.C.+%3A+2002%29&rft.atitle=Surveillance+for+health+behaviors+of+American+Indians+and+Alaska+Natives.+Findings+from+the+Behavioral+Risk+Factor+Surveillance+System%2C+1997-2000.&rft.au=Denny%2C+Clark+H%3BHoltzman%2C+Deborah%3BCobb%2C+Nathaniel&rft.aulast=Denny&rft.aufirst=Clark&rft.date=2003-08-01&rft.volume=52&rft.issue=7&rft.spage=1&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Morbidity+and+mortality+weekly+report.+Surveillance+summaries+%28Washington%2C+D.C.+%3A+2002%29&rft.issn=1545-8636&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 2003-10-14 N1 - Date created - 2003-10-08 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Bilateral environmental and occupational health program with India. AN - 73658628; 12971687 AB - In spite of considerable economic progress in recent years, India continues to face challenges dealing with poverty, unemployment, malnutrition, disease and disability. The governments of India and the United States have formed a collaborative effort to address outstanding issues in the fields of environmental and occupational health. The Joint Statement on Indo-U.S. Collaboration in Environmental and Occupational Health, which was approved by the Minister of the Indian Union of Health and Family Welfare and the Secretary of Health and Human Services of the United State in Geneva in May of 2002, formalizes the collaborative relationship and calls for the development of Implementation Guidelines. The Implementation Guidelines establish a Joint Working Group, which is responsible for identifying and implementing the collaborative projects. The collaborating organizations have identified three broad areas for collaboration: emergency preparedness and response; training, education, and technology transfer; and research. Within the three broad areas, the organizations have identified two subject areas for initiation: arsenicosis and asbestosis. Researchers and health officials in both India and the U.S. share interest in both research and interventions efforts in these subject areas. As many as 42 million people in the West Bengal area of India may be exposed to arsenic in drinking water at concentrations of health concern. Similarly, as many as 10 million industrial or mine workers in India may be exposed to asbestos or other dusts at concentrations of health concern. The first Joint Working Group meeting is scheduled for March 2003 in New Delhi and will consider these subject areas in developing collaborative projects. Other tasks being undertaken by the signatory agencies include expanding the relationship to include academic and nongovernmental organizations and obtaining funds for the various projects from governmental and nongovernmental sources. JF - International journal of hygiene and environmental health AU - Allred, Mike AU - Campolucci, Sharon AU - Falk, Henry AU - Ganguly, N K AU - Saiyed, H N AU - Shah, Bela AD - Agency for Toxic Substances and Disease Registry, Atlanta, GA 30333, USA. mia2@cdc.gov Y1 - 2003/08// PY - 2003 DA - August 2003 SP - 323 EP - 332 VL - 206 IS - 4-5 SN - 1438-4639, 1438-4639 KW - Index Medicus KW - United States KW - India -- epidemiology KW - Arsenic Poisoning -- prevention & control KW - Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (U.S.) KW - Interinstitutional Relations KW - Arsenic Poisoning -- physiopathology KW - Asbestosis -- physiopathology KW - Humans KW - Arsenic Poisoning -- epidemiology KW - Asbestosis -- epidemiology KW - Poverty KW - Health Planning Guidelines KW - Developing Countries KW - Asbestosis -- prevention & control KW - Health Priorities KW - Occupational Health KW - International Cooperation KW - Environmental Health KW - Occupational Diseases -- prevention & control KW - Water Pollution -- prevention & control KW - Program Development -- methods UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/73658628?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=International+journal+of+hygiene+and+environmental+health&rft.atitle=Bilateral+environmental+and+occupational+health+program+with+India.&rft.au=Allred%2C+Mike%3BCampolucci%2C+Sharon%3BFalk%2C+Henry%3BGanguly%2C+N+K%3BSaiyed%2C+H+N%3BShah%2C+Bela&rft.aulast=Allred&rft.aufirst=Mike&rft.date=2003-08-01&rft.volume=206&rft.issue=4-5&rft.spage=323&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=International+journal+of+hygiene+and+environmental+health&rft.issn=14384639&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 2003-11-17 N1 - Date created - 2003-09-15 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - A global approach to childhood lead poisoning prevention. AN - 73653663; 12971691 AB - Childhood lead poisoning is an important, preventable environmental disease affecting millions of children around the world. The effects of lead are well known and range from delayed and adversely affected neurodevelopment to severe health outcomes including seizures, coma, and death. This article reviews the childhood effects of lead poisoning, the approach being taken to the problem in the United States, and the obstacles faced by developing nations in dealing with lead exposure. The United States has attacked the childhood lead poisoning problem by attempting to eliminate sources of exposure, including gasoline, solder in water pipes and cans, and industrial emissions. These actions have resulted in a dramatic reduction in the number of children with elevated blood lead levels in the United States over the last two decades. However, many developing countries are just beginning to address the problem. Successful efforts will need to incorporate epidemiologic methods, source identification, enforced regulations, and a long-term government commitment to eliminating lead as a threat to the next generation of children. JF - International journal of hygiene and environmental health AU - Meyer, Pamela A AU - McGeehin, Michael A AU - Falk, Henry AD - Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Division of Environmental Hazards and Health Effects, Atlanta, GA 30333, USA. pmeyer@cdc.gov Y1 - 2003/08// PY - 2003 DA - August 2003 SP - 363 EP - 369 VL - 206 IS - 4-5 SN - 1438-4639, 1438-4639 KW - Index Medicus KW - United States KW - Infant KW - Environmental Health KW - Humans KW - Health Policy KW - Child, Preschool KW - Global Health KW - Lead Poisoning -- prevention & control KW - International Cooperation KW - Lead Poisoning -- epidemiology KW - Environmental Exposure -- prevention & control KW - Environmental Exposure -- adverse effects UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/73653663?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=International+journal+of+hygiene+and+environmental+health&rft.atitle=A+global+approach+to+childhood+lead+poisoning+prevention.&rft.au=Meyer%2C+Pamela+A%3BMcGeehin%2C+Michael+A%3BFalk%2C+Henry&rft.aulast=Meyer&rft.aufirst=Pamela&rft.date=2003-08-01&rft.volume=206&rft.issue=4-5&rft.spage=363&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=International+journal+of+hygiene+and+environmental+health&rft.issn=14384639&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 2003-11-17 N1 - Date created - 2003-09-15 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Elemental mercury poisoning in occupational and residential settings. AN - 73646831; 12971692 AB - In its elemental form, mercury is the only metal that is in a liquid state at room temperature. It readily volatilizes at standard temperature and pressure, and its presence in open containers can result in biologically significant air concentrations in unventilated or poorly ventilated spaces. In recent years, elemental mercury has proven to be a potential source of toxicosis through either unintentional exposure or exposure resulting from inappropriate handling of liquid mercury acquired from school science laboratories or abandoned industrial facilities or warehouses. The shiny, silvery appearance of mercury in its liquid form makes it particularly enticing to children, and its insolubility in water and tendency to form beads when disturbed add to its mystique. This paper presents two case studies in which excessive exposure to elemental mercury vapor has resulted in adverse health effects in the exposed individuals: one in the workplace and one in a residential setting. These case studies serve to emphasize that primary care physicians, public health officials, and science educators need to recognize the potential risk posed by inhalation exposure to mercury vapors, and health practitioners need to be able to recognize the health signs and symptoms of such exposure. Public health professionals and those in charge of public and private education facilities should also be keenly aware of the necessity of prompt mitigation of human exposure should a spill or other mercury exposure scenario occur. JF - International journal of hygiene and environmental health AU - Risher, John F AU - Nickle, Richard A AU - Amler, Sherlita N AD - Agency for Toxic Substances and Disease Registry, Division of Toxicology, Atlanta, Georgia 30333, USA. jrisher@cdc.gov Y1 - 2003/08// PY - 2003 DA - August 2003 SP - 371 EP - 379 VL - 206 IS - 4-5 SN - 1438-4639, 1438-4639 KW - Index Medicus KW - Environmental Monitoring KW - Humans KW - Middle Aged KW - Adolescent KW - Female KW - Mercury Poisoning -- physiopathology KW - Occupational Exposure -- adverse effects KW - Environmental Exposure -- adverse effects UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/73646831?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=International+journal+of+hygiene+and+environmental+health&rft.atitle=Elemental+mercury+poisoning+in+occupational+and+residential+settings.&rft.au=Risher%2C+John+F%3BNickle%2C+Richard+A%3BAmler%2C+Sherlita+N&rft.aulast=Risher&rft.aufirst=John&rft.date=2003-08-01&rft.volume=206&rft.issue=4-5&rft.spage=371&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=International+journal+of+hygiene+and+environmental+health&rft.issn=14384639&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 2003-11-17 N1 - Date created - 2003-09-15 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - The health impact of environmental pollutants: a special focus on lead exposure in South Africa. AN - 73645453; 12971686 AB - Studies have shown blood lead levels of some children in South Africa at levels of health concern. New studies show even relatively low lead levels to have detrimental effects on cognitive function in young children. Large numbers of South African inner-city and other children have been shown to have unacceptably high blood lead levels. Studies indicate that blood lead levels of children living in South Africa's urban areas are higher than those of children in most developed countries, including Great Britain, Europe, and the United States. Although data and reported studies are very sparse, mean blood lead levels of approximately 15 microg/dl have been reported in children. Elevated blood lead levels were associated with socioeconomic status and housing conditions. Key environmental risk factors for elevated blood levels were contaminated soil and dust in the urban environment, and the still large number of automobiles using leaded gasoline. In view of emerging evidence linking lead at increasingly lower levels to adverse effects in children, the South African government is taking actions to reduce lead exposure among vulnerable groups. Currently, South Africa has no national lead surveillance program. The government, therefore, has developed international and regional partnerships to prevent and address the problem of lead exposure. JF - International journal of hygiene and environmental health AU - Harper, Carolyn C AU - Mathee, Angela AU - von Schirnding, Yasmin AU - De Rosa, Christopher T AU - Falk, Henry AD - Agency for Toxic Substances and Disease Registry, 1600 Clifton Road, Atlanta, GA 30329, USA. cxh3@cdc.gov Y1 - 2003/08// PY - 2003 DA - August 2003 SP - 315 EP - 322 VL - 206 IS - 4-5 SN - 1438-4639, 1438-4639 KW - Environmental Pollutants KW - 0 KW - Lead KW - 2P299V784P KW - Index Medicus KW - Socioeconomic Factors KW - Infant KW - Urbanization KW - South Africa -- epidemiology KW - Risk Factors KW - Humans KW - Health Surveys KW - Infant, Newborn KW - Developing Countries KW - Child KW - Health Policy KW - Lead -- blood KW - Child, Preschool KW - Lead Poisoning -- blood KW - Environmental Exposure -- analysis KW - Environmental Pollutants -- poisoning KW - Lead Poisoning -- economics KW - Lead Poisoning -- epidemiology KW - Environmental Exposure -- adverse effects UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/73645453?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=International+journal+of+hygiene+and+environmental+health&rft.atitle=The+health+impact+of+environmental+pollutants%3A+a+special+focus+on+lead+exposure+in+South+Africa.&rft.au=Harper%2C+Carolyn+C%3BMathee%2C+Angela%3Bvon+Schirnding%2C+Yasmin%3BDe+Rosa%2C+Christopher+T%3BFalk%2C+Henry&rft.aulast=Harper&rft.aufirst=Carolyn&rft.date=2003-08-01&rft.volume=206&rft.issue=4-5&rft.spage=315&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=International+journal+of+hygiene+and+environmental+health&rft.issn=14384639&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 2003-11-17 N1 - Date created - 2003-09-15 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Environmental health collaboration: United States and Russia. AN - 73635690; 12971688 AB - Developed nations share similar challenges to human health from commercial and agricultural chemicals that are released into the environment. Although Russia and the United States are historically distinct and unique, both countries are geographically large and economically dependent on emission-producing surface transportation. This paper describes U.S.-Russian collaborative activities that grew from a 1995 conference in Moscow that brought together environmental health investigators from both countries to discuss common concerns about the human health impact of environmental pollutants. Lead, pesticides, volatile organic compounds, and mercury were identified as contaminants of greatest concern. Collaborative studies were initiated that included collecting blood and hair samples and splitting samples for analyses in both countries, and introducing and sharing new portable blood and environmental sample analyses instruments. The findings demonstrated that hair analysis was not a good predictor of BLL and that Russian children in the first city sampled had a mean BLL of 7.7 microg/dl. Although higher than the U.S. mean, this level was below the 10.0 microg/dl CDC level of concern. This manuscript summarizes additional study results and describes their impacts on Russian policy. On-going collaborative environmental investigations are described. JF - International journal of hygiene and environmental health AU - Rubin, C H AU - Jones, R L AU - Revich, B AU - Avaliani, S L AU - Gurvich, E AD - Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, National Center for Environmental Health, Division of Environmental Hazards and Health Effects, Health Studies Branch, Atlanta, GA 30333, USA. CRubin@cdc.gov Y1 - 2003/08// PY - 2003 DA - August 2003 SP - 333 EP - 338 VL - 206 IS - 4-5 SN - 1438-4639, 1438-4639 KW - Environmental Pollutants KW - 0 KW - Pesticides KW - Index Medicus KW - United States KW - Infant KW - Lead Poisoning -- blood KW - Medical Laboratory Science -- methods KW - Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (U.S.) KW - Humans KW - Pesticides -- poisoning KW - Environmental Pollutants -- poisoning KW - Russia KW - Medical Laboratory Science -- instrumentation KW - Child, Preschool KW - International Cooperation KW - Environmental Health KW - Environmental Exposure -- analysis KW - Risk Assessment -- methods UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/73635690?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=International+journal+of+hygiene+and+environmental+health&rft.atitle=Environmental+health+collaboration%3A+United+States+and+Russia.&rft.au=Rubin%2C+C+H%3BJones%2C+R+L%3BRevich%2C+B%3BAvaliani%2C+S+L%3BGurvich%2C+E&rft.aulast=Rubin&rft.aufirst=C&rft.date=2003-08-01&rft.volume=206&rft.issue=4-5&rft.spage=333&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=International+journal+of+hygiene+and+environmental+health&rft.issn=14384639&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 2003-11-17 N1 - Date created - 2003-09-15 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - An international perspective on hazardous waste practices. AN - 73635651; 12971684 AB - In developing countries, public health attention is focused on urgent health problems such as infectious diseases, malnutrition, and infant mortality. As a country develops and gains economic resources, more attention is directed to health concerns related to hazardous chemical wastes. Even if a country has little industry of its own that generates hazardous wastes, the importation of hazardous wastes for recycling or disposal can present health hazards. It is difficult to compare the quantities of hazardous wastes produced in different countries because of differences in how hazardous wastes are defined. In most countries, landfilling is the most common means of hazardous waste disposal, although substantial quantities of hazardous wastes are incinerated in some countries. Hazardous wastes that escape into the environment most often impact the public through air and water contamination. An effective strategy for managing hazardous wastes should encourage waste minimization, recycling, and reuse over disposal. Developing countries are especially in need of low-cost technologies for managing hazardous wastes. JF - International journal of hygiene and environmental health AU - Orloff, Kenneth AU - Falk, Henry AD - Agency for Toxic Substances and Disease Registry, Atlanta, GA, USA. keo1@cdc.gov Y1 - 2003/08// PY - 2003 DA - August 2003 SP - 291 EP - 302 VL - 206 IS - 4-5 SN - 1438-4639, 1438-4639 KW - Hazardous Waste KW - 0 KW - Index Medicus KW - Global Health KW - Air Pollution KW - Water Pollution KW - Policy Making KW - Humans KW - Developing Countries KW - Health Priorities KW - Chemical Industry KW - Environmental Pollution -- prevention & control KW - Hazardous Waste -- adverse effects KW - International Cooperation KW - Public Health -- trends KW - Waste Management -- methods KW - Environmental Pollution -- adverse effects UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/73635651?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=International+journal+of+hygiene+and+environmental+health&rft.atitle=An+international+perspective+on+hazardous+waste+practices.&rft.au=Orloff%2C+Kenneth%3BFalk%2C+Henry&rft.aulast=Orloff&rft.aufirst=Kenneth&rft.date=2003-08-01&rft.volume=206&rft.issue=4-5&rft.spage=291&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=International+journal+of+hygiene+and+environmental+health&rft.issn=14384639&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 2003-11-17 N1 - Date created - 2003-09-15 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Case studies--arsenic. AN - 73626495; 12971693 AB - Arsenic is found naturally in the environment. People may be exposed to arsenic by eating food, drinking water, breathing air, or by skin contact with soil or water that contains arsenic. In the U.S., the diet is a predominant source of exposure for the general population with smaller amounts coming from drinking water and air. Children may also be exposed to arsenic because of hand to mouth contact or eating dirt. In addition to the normal levels of arsenic in air, water, soil, and food, people could by exposed to higher levels in several ways such as in areas containing unusually high natural levels of arsenic in rocks which can lead to unusually high levels of arsenic in soil or water. People living in an area like this could take in elevated amounts of arsenic in drinking water. Workers in an occupation that involves arsenic production or use (for example, copper or lead smelting, wood treatment, pesticide application) could be exposed to elevated levels of arsenic at work. People who saw or sand arsenic-treated wood could inhale/ingest some of the sawdust which contains high levels of arsenic. Similarly, when pressure-treated wood is burned, high levels of arsenic could be released in the smoke. In agricultural areas where arsenic pesticides were used on crops the soil could contain high levels of arsenic. Some hazardous waste sites contain large quantities of arsenic. Arsenic ranks #1 on the ATSDR/EPA priority list of hazardous substances. Arsenic has been found in at least 1,014 current or former NPL sites. At the hazardous waster sites evaluated by ATSDR, exposure to arsenic in soil predominated over exposure to water, and no exposure to air had been recorded. However, there is no information on morbidity or mortality from exposure to arsenic in soil at hazardous waste sites. Exposure assessment, community and tribal involvement, and evaluation and surveillance of health effects are among the ATSDR future Superfund research program priority focus areas. Examples of exposures to arsenic in drinking water, diet and pesticide are given. JF - International journal of hygiene and environmental health AU - Chou, C H Selene J AU - De Rosa, Christopher T AD - Agency for Toxic Substances and Disease Registry, Division of Toxicology, 1600 Clifton Road, NE, Atlanta, Georgia 30333, USA. cjc3@cdc.gov Y1 - 2003/08// PY - 2003 DA - August 2003 SP - 381 EP - 386 VL - 206 IS - 4-5 SN - 1438-4639, 1438-4639 KW - Water Pollutants, Chemical KW - 0 KW - Arsenic KW - N712M78A8G KW - Index Medicus KW - Far East -- epidemiology KW - Asia, Western -- epidemiology KW - Arsenic -- analysis KW - Water Supply -- standards KW - Humans KW - Wood KW - Chemical Industry KW - Arsenic Poisoning -- prevention & control KW - Arsenic Poisoning -- physiopathology KW - Water Pollutants, Chemical -- poisoning KW - Environmental Exposure -- prevention & control KW - Environmental Exposure -- adverse effects KW - Arsenic Poisoning -- epidemiology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/73626495?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=International+journal+of+hygiene+and+environmental+health&rft.atitle=Case+studies--arsenic.&rft.au=Chou%2C+C+H+Selene+J%3BDe+Rosa%2C+Christopher+T&rft.aulast=Chou&rft.aufirst=C+H+Selene&rft.date=2003-08-01&rft.volume=206&rft.issue=4-5&rft.spage=381&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=International+journal+of+hygiene+and+environmental+health&rft.issn=14384639&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 2003-11-17 N1 - Date created - 2003-09-15 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Attenuation of exposure-response curves in occupational cohort studies at high exposure levels. AN - 73615143; 12934726 AB - Numerous occupational cohort mortality studies have observed exposure-response curves to have an increasing slope at low exposure levels that attenuates or even turns negative at high exposure levels. Examples discussed in this paper include dioxin, silica, 1,3-butadiene, cadmium, beryllium, radon daughters, diesel fumes, nickel, arsenic, and hexavalent chromium. Possible explanations for this phenomenon include (i) bias introduced by the healthy worker survivor effect, (ii) a depletion of the number of susceptible people in the population at high exposure levels, (iii) a natural limit on the relative risk for diseases with a high background rate, (iv) mismeasurement or misclassification of exposures, (v) the influence of other risk factors that vary by the level of the main exposure, and (vi) the saturation of key enzyme systems or other processes involved in the development of disease. JF - Scandinavian journal of work, environment & health AU - Stayner, Leslie AU - Steenland, Kyle AU - Dosemeci, Mustafa AU - Hertz-Picciotto, Irva AD - Risk Evaluation Branch, Education and Information Division, National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, Cincinnati, Ohio 45226, United States. LStayner@cdc.gov Y1 - 2003/08// PY - 2003 DA - August 2003 SP - 317 EP - 324 VL - 29 IS - 4 SN - 0355-3140, 0355-3140 KW - Hazardous Substances KW - 0 KW - Index Medicus KW - Causality KW - Healthy Worker Effect KW - Hazardous Substances -- adverse effects KW - Dose-Response Relationship, Drug KW - Risk Factors KW - Humans KW - Cohort Studies KW - Occupational Exposure -- statistics & numerical data KW - Occupational Exposure -- adverse effects KW - Occupational Diseases -- epidemiology KW - Occupational Diseases -- chemically induced KW - Risk Assessment KW - Occupational Diseases -- mortality UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/73615143?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Scandinavian+journal+of+work%2C+environment+%26+health&rft.atitle=Attenuation+of+exposure-response+curves+in+occupational+cohort+studies+at+high+exposure+levels.&rft.au=Stayner%2C+Leslie%3BSteenland%2C+Kyle%3BDosemeci%2C+Mustafa%3BHertz-Picciotto%2C+Irva&rft.aulast=Stayner&rft.aufirst=Leslie&rft.date=2003-08-01&rft.volume=29&rft.issue=4&rft.spage=317&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Scandinavian+journal+of+work%2C+environment+%26+health&rft.issn=03553140&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 2003-12-17 N1 - Date created - 2003-08-25 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Childhood pesticide exposures on the Texas-Mexico border: clinical manifestations and poison center use. AN - 73601603; 12893620 AB - The purpose of this study was to describe differences in childhood pesticide exposures between counties on the Texas-Mexico border and nonborder counties. The authors reviewed all pesticide exposures among children younger than 6 years reported to the South Texas Poison Center during 1997 through 2000. Nonborder counties had twice the reported exposure rate of border counties. Parents of border children were significantly less likely to contact the poison center after an exposure and more likely to have their children evaluated in a health care facility. Increasing residents' awareness of the poison center and identifying potential barriers to its use among residents of Texas-Mexico border communities may prevent unnecessary visits to health care facilities. JF - American journal of public health AU - Belson, Martin AU - Kieszak, Stephanie AU - Watson, William AU - Blindauer, Kim M AU - Phan, Kathy AU - Backer, Lorrie AU - Rubin, Carol AD - National Center for Environmental Health, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA 30333, USA. mbelson@cdc.gov Y1 - 2003/08// PY - 2003 DA - August 2003 SP - 1310 EP - 1315 VL - 93 IS - 8 SN - 0090-0036, 0090-0036 KW - Pesticides KW - 0 KW - Abridged Index Medicus KW - Index Medicus KW - Texas -- epidemiology KW - Humans KW - Poisoning -- physiopathology KW - Poisoning -- epidemiology KW - Child Welfare KW - Child, Preschool KW - Population Surveillance KW - Infant KW - Poison Control Centers -- utilization KW - Health Knowledge, Attitudes, Practice KW - Mexico -- epidemiology KW - Female KW - Male KW - Rural Health KW - Environmental Exposure -- statistics & numerical data KW - Pesticides -- poisoning KW - Pesticides -- classification KW - Environmental Exposure -- analysis UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/73601603?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=American+journal+of+public+health&rft.atitle=Childhood+pesticide+exposures+on+the+Texas-Mexico+border%3A+clinical+manifestations+and+poison+center+use.&rft.au=Belson%2C+Martin%3BKieszak%2C+Stephanie%3BWatson%2C+William%3BBlindauer%2C+Kim+M%3BPhan%2C+Kathy%3BBacker%2C+Lorrie%3BRubin%2C+Carol&rft.aulast=Belson&rft.aufirst=Martin&rft.date=2003-08-01&rft.volume=93&rft.issue=8&rft.spage=1310&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=American+journal+of+public+health&rft.issn=00900036&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 2003-09-09 N1 - Date created - 2003-08-01 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - SuppNotes - Cited By: Am J Emerg Med. 1998 Sep;16(5):443-97 [9725964] Vet Hum Toxicol. 1997 Feb;39(1):44-8 [9004468] Pediatrics. 2000 Jul;106(1 Pt 2):199-204 [10888692] Am J Emerg Med. 2000 Sep;18(5):517-74 [10999572] Am J Emerg Med. 2001 Sep;19(5):337-95 [11555795] Tex Med. 1971 Feb;67(2):56-9 [5547140] J Am Acad Dermatol. 1981 Nov;5(5):507-16 [6170655] Pediatrics. 1983 Aug;72(2):164-9 [6866600] Soc Psychiatry Psychiatr Epidemiol. 1988 Oct;23(4):273-80 [3149035] J Emerg Med. 1989 Nov-Dec;7(6):627-31 [2696752] Public Health Nurs. 1992 Jun;9(2):81-6 [1508833] Environ Health Perspect. 1993 Dec;101(7):578-83 [8143589] West J Med. 1995 Jun;162(6):499-504 [7618308] Ann Emerg Med. 1995 Nov;26(5):647-51 [7486377] J Toxicol Clin Toxicol. 1995;33(6):663-7 [8523489] Environ Health Perspect. 1995 Sep;103 Suppl 6:13-8 [8549460] Environ Res. 1995 Nov;71(2):99-108 [8977618] Am J Emerg Med. 1999 Sep;17(5):435-87 [10496515] N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Hand lacerations and job design characteristics in line-paced assembly. AN - 73570057; 12915786 AB - This study investigated risk factors for laceration injuries among workers employed in line-paced manufacturing assembly operations. Most lacerations (76% of 576) occurred on the hands and fingers (grouped as "hand" lacerations). On average, 37% of surveyed workers reported at least one laceration to the hand in the preceding year, resulting in an overall hand laceration rate of 83 per 100 workers per year. An inverse relationship was found between level of job routinization and hand lacerations, with progressively higher rates of hand lacerations occurring among workers assigned to less routine (more variable) work patterns. Fabricated metal parts handling and job variability may be related to increased risk of hand lacerations in line-paced work environments where personal protective equipment is the primary strategy to control exposure to sharp objects. JF - Journal of occupational and environmental medicine AU - Bell, Jennifer L AU - MacDonald, Leslie A AD - Analysis and Field Evaluations Branch, Division of Safety Research, National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, Morgantown, WV 26505, USA. JBELL@CDC.GOV Y1 - 2003/08// PY - 2003 DA - August 2003 SP - 848 EP - 856 VL - 45 IS - 8 SN - 1076-2752, 1076-2752 KW - Index Medicus KW - Equipment and Supplies KW - Risk Factors KW - Humans KW - Adult KW - Surveys and Questionnaires KW - Retrospective Studies KW - Middle Aged KW - United States -- epidemiology KW - Time Factors KW - Male KW - Female KW - Human Engineering KW - Lacerations -- epidemiology KW - Accidents, Occupational -- statistics & numerical data KW - Job Description KW - Hand Injuries -- epidemiology KW - Industry -- manpower KW - Lacerations -- etiology KW - Hand Injuries -- etiology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/73570057?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+occupational+and+environmental+medicine&rft.atitle=Hand+lacerations+and+job+design+characteristics+in+line-paced+assembly.&rft.au=Bell%2C+Jennifer+L%3BMacDonald%2C+Leslie+A&rft.aulast=Bell&rft.aufirst=Jennifer&rft.date=2003-08-01&rft.volume=45&rft.issue=8&rft.spage=848&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+occupational+and+environmental+medicine&rft.issn=10762752&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 2003-10-03 N1 - Date created - 2003-08-13 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - New perspectives in arsenic-induced cell signal transduction. AN - 73530847; 12888263 AB - Although the carcinogenicity of arsenic has been well established, the underlying molecular mechanisms have not yet been fully identified. Accumulating evidence indicates that the alteration of cellular signal transduction is directly related to the carcinogenesis of arsenic. This review focuses on recent advances in arsenic-induced signal transduction, including reactive oxygen species (ROS) production, tyrosine phosphorylation, MAPK signaling, NF-kappaB activation, cell cycle arrest, and apoptosis. JF - Journal of inorganic biochemistry AU - Qian, Yong AU - Castranova, Vince AU - Shi, Xianglin AD - Pathology and Physiology Research Branch, Health Effects Laboratory Division, National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, Morgantown, WV 26506, USA. yqian@cdc.gov Y1 - 2003/08/01/ PY - 2003 DA - 2003 Aug 01 SP - 271 EP - 278 VL - 96 IS - 2-3 SN - 0162-0134, 0162-0134 KW - Arsenicals KW - 0 KW - Carcinogens KW - NF-kappa B KW - Reactive Oxygen Species KW - Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinase Kinases KW - EC 2.7.12.2 KW - Arsenic KW - N712M78A8G KW - Index Medicus KW - Reactive Oxygen Species -- metabolism KW - Carcinogens -- pharmacology KW - Humans KW - Apoptosis -- drug effects KW - Arsenicals -- pharmacology KW - Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinase Kinases -- metabolism KW - Cell Cycle -- drug effects KW - NF-kappa B -- metabolism KW - Signal Transduction -- drug effects KW - Arsenic -- pharmacology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/73530847?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+inorganic+biochemistry&rft.atitle=New+perspectives+in+arsenic-induced+cell+signal+transduction.&rft.au=Qian%2C+Yong%3BCastranova%2C+Vince%3BShi%2C+Xianglin&rft.aulast=Qian&rft.aufirst=Yong&rft.date=2003-08-01&rft.volume=96&rft.issue=2-3&rft.spage=271&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+inorganic+biochemistry&rft.issn=01620134&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 2003-10-29 N1 - Date created - 2003-07-30 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - World Trade Center rescue worker injury and illness surveillance, New York, 2001. AN - 73517601; 12880873 AB - The September 11, 2001, terrorist attacks on the World Trade Center in New York City, New York, prompted an unprecedented rescue and recovery response. Operations were conducted around the clock, involved over 5000 workers per day, and extended into months following the attacks. The City of New York Department of Health and Mental Hygiene and the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention implemented prospective surveillance to characterize rescue worker-related injury and illness and to help guide public health interventions. From September 11 to October 11, 2001, personnel reviewed medical records at four Manhattan hospital emergency departments (EDs), and healthcare providers completed data collection forms at five temporary Disaster Medical Assistance Team (DMAT) facilities located at the site. Rescue workers included construction workers, police officers, firefighters, emergency medical service technicians, or Urban Search and Rescue workers. Data collected included demographic characteristics, injury type, illness, and disposition. Of 5222 rescue worker visits, 89% were to DMAT facilities and 12% to EDs. Musculoskeletal conditions were the leading cause of visits (19%), followed by respiratory (16%) and eye (13%) disorders. Incidence rates were estimated based on total injuries and/or illnesses reported times 200,000 (100 equivalent full-time workers in 1 year at 40 hours per week x 50 weeks per year), then divided by the total number of hours worked. Eye disorders (59.7) accounted for the highest estimated injury and illness rate, followed by headache (46.8). One death, 52 hospital admissions, and 55 transports were reported. Findings underscored the need to coordinate distribution and enforcement of personal protective equipment use, purchase of diagnostic equipment to diagnose corneal abrasions, and distribution of health advisories. This system provided objective, timely information that helped guide public health interventions in the immediate aftermath of the attacks and during the prolonged rescue and recovery operations. Lessons learned can be used to guide future surveillance efforts. JF - American journal of preventive medicine AU - Berríos-Torres, Sandra I AU - Greenko, Jane A AU - Phillips, Michael AU - Miller, James R AU - Treadwell, Tracee AU - Ikeda, Robin M AD - Division of Violence Prevention, National Center for Injury Prevention and Control, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, 1600 Clifton Road, Atlanta, GA 30333, USA. Y1 - 2003/08// PY - 2003 DA - August 2003 SP - 79 EP - 87 VL - 25 IS - 2 SN - 0749-3797, 0749-3797 KW - Index Medicus KW - United States KW - Medical Records KW - Terrorism KW - Emergency Medical Services -- manpower KW - Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (U.S.) KW - Humans KW - Aged KW - Police -- statistics & numerical data KW - New York City -- epidemiology KW - Rescue Work -- manpower KW - Adult KW - Surveys and Questionnaires KW - Incidence KW - Middle Aged KW - Adolescent KW - Female KW - Male KW - Wounds and Injuries -- epidemiology KW - Sentinel Surveillance KW - Wounds and Injuries -- classification KW - Emergency Medical Technicians -- statistics & numerical data KW - Occupational Exposure -- adverse effects KW - Occupational Diseases -- epidemiology KW - Occupational Diseases -- classification KW - Occupational Exposure -- analysis UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/73517601?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=American+journal+of+preventive+medicine&rft.atitle=World+Trade+Center+rescue+worker+injury+and+illness+surveillance%2C+New+York%2C+2001.&rft.au=Berr%C3%ADos-Torres%2C+Sandra+I%3BGreenko%2C+Jane+A%3BPhillips%2C+Michael%3BMiller%2C+James+R%3BTreadwell%2C+Tracee%3BIkeda%2C+Robin+M&rft.aulast=Berr%C3%ADos-Torres&rft.aufirst=Sandra&rft.date=2003-08-01&rft.volume=25&rft.issue=2&rft.spage=79&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=American+journal+of+preventive+medicine&rft.issn=07493797&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 2003-11-06 N1 - Date created - 2003-07-25 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Biological monitoring for selected herbicide biomarkers in the urine of exposed custom applicators: application of mixed-effect models. AN - 73509378; 12890659 AB - Metabolites and/or parent compounds of the herbicides atrazine, alachlor, metolachlor, cyanazine and the 2-ethylhexyl ester of 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid (2,4-D) were measured in the urine of 15 custom applicators who each provided from five to seven 24 h urine samples during a 6 week period (n = 87). Each applicator provided a pre-season urine sample and a reference population (n = 46) provided first-morning urine samples. Urinary biomarkers were measured by either immunoassay or gas chromatography. During the spraying season, the geometric mean amount of alachlor mercapturate equivalents (eq.), atrazine eq., 2,4-D and metolachlor mercapturate eq. excreted in 24 h was 17, 19, 110 and 22 nmol, respectively. Mixed-effect models were used to determine predictors of the amount of atrazine eq. and 2,4-D excreted in 24 h. The specific days of herbicide spraying associated with increased biomarker excretion varied for the two analytes, and included one or more days prior to urine collection. This confirms the importance of collecting covariate information on day(s) most relevant to the biomarker of interest. The within-worker variance component, expressed as a geometric standard deviation ((W)GSD range: 2.5-2.9), was substantially larger than the between-worker component ((B)GSD range: 1.3-1.5) for the modeled biomarkers. Alachlor mercapturate eq. and metolachlor mercapturate eq. were detected in more than half of the applicator pre-season urine samples. All biomarkers were detected infrequently in the reference population. Evaluation of non-spray exposure determinants was limited by inclusion of prior day spraying, adjustment for time and the small sample size. JF - The Annals of occupational hygiene AU - Hines, Cynthia J AU - Deddens, James A AU - Striley, Cynthia A F AU - Biagini, Raymond E AU - Shoemaker, Dale A AU - Brown, Kenneth K AU - Mackenzie, Barbara A AU - Hull, R Delon AD - National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, 4676 Columbia Pkwy, Cincinnati, OH, 45226, USA. chines@cdc.gov Y1 - 2003/08// PY - 2003 DA - August 2003 SP - 503 EP - 517 VL - 47 IS - 6 SN - 0003-4878, 0003-4878 KW - Biomarkers KW - 0 KW - Herbicides KW - Index Medicus KW - Humans KW - Biomarkers -- urine KW - Models, Statistical KW - Male KW - Agriculture KW - Herbicides -- urine KW - Occupational Exposure -- analysis KW - Environmental Monitoring -- methods UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/73509378?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Annals+of+occupational+hygiene&rft.atitle=Biological+monitoring+for+selected+herbicide+biomarkers+in+the+urine+of+exposed+custom+applicators%3A+application+of+mixed-effect+models.&rft.au=Hines%2C+Cynthia+J%3BDeddens%2C+James+A%3BStriley%2C+Cynthia+A+F%3BBiagini%2C+Raymond+E%3BShoemaker%2C+Dale+A%3BBrown%2C+Kenneth+K%3BMackenzie%2C+Barbara+A%3BHull%2C+R+Delon&rft.aulast=Hines&rft.aufirst=Cynthia&rft.date=2003-08-01&rft.volume=47&rft.issue=6&rft.spage=503&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=The+Annals+of+occupational+hygiene&rft.issn=00034878&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 2003-11-20 N1 - Date created - 2003-07-31 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Estimated risk of transmission of the West Nile virus through blood transfusion in the US, 2002 AN - 19771590; 6597893 AB - BACKGROUND: The West Nile virus (WNV) epidemic in 2002 in the US saw over 3300 reported human cases of WNV disease, with over 2300 reported cases of WNV encephalitis and meningitis. The first documented cases of transfusion transmission of WNV through voluntary blood donation also occurred. STUDY DESIGN AND METHODS:Case onset dates from the 2002 WNV epidemic in the US were used to estimate the risk of transfusion-associated transmission with statistical resampling. An easily computed approximating formula for the mean risk was derived. Estimates were computed for six high-incidence states and metropolitan areas. RESULTS:Mean and maximum risk of transfusion-associated WNV transmission (per 10,000 donations) during the epidemic period for the selected states ranged from 2.12 to 4.76 and from 4.34 to 10.46, respectively; for the selected metropolitan areas, they ranged from 1.46 to 12.33 and from 3.02 to 21.32, respectively. CONCLUSIONS:Estimates of the mean risk of WNV transmission by transfusion ranged from 1.46 to 12.33 per 10,000 donations for six high-incidence metropolitan areas during the 2002 epidemic. Because the risk was highly geographically and temporally variable, computation of geographically localized estimates is recommended. The derived approximating formula for the mean risk performed well for the estimates given. JF - Transfusion AU - Biggerstaff, Brad J AU - Petersen, Lyle R AD - Division of Vector-Borne Infectious Diseases, National Center for Infectious Diseases, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Fort Collins, Colorado, bbiggerstaff@cdc.gov Y1 - 2003/08// PY - 2003 DA - Aug 2003 SP - 1007 EP - 1017 PB - Blackwell Publishing Ltd., 9600 Garsington Road Oxford OX4 2DQ UK, [URL:http://www.blackwellpublishing.com] VL - 43 IS - 8 SN - 0041-1132, 0041-1132 KW - Virology & AIDS Abstracts; Health & Safety Science Abstracts; Risk Abstracts KW - Blood donors KW - Epidemics KW - Statistics KW - Viruses KW - Encephalitis KW - Disease transmission KW - Meningitis KW - USA KW - Blood transfusion KW - Risk factors KW - West Nile virus KW - H 13000:Medical Safety KW - R2 23060:Medical and environmental health KW - V 22400:Human Diseases UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/19771590?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Ariskabstracts&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Transfusion&rft.atitle=Estimated+risk+of+transmission+of+the+West+Nile+virus+through+blood+transfusion+in+the+US%2C+2002&rft.au=Biggerstaff%2C+Brad+J%3BPetersen%2C+Lyle+R&rft.aulast=Biggerstaff&rft.aufirst=Brad&rft.date=2003-08-01&rft.volume=43&rft.issue=8&rft.spage=1007&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Transfusion&rft.issn=00411132&rft_id=info:doi/10.1046%2Fj.1537-2995.2003.00480.x LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-04-01 N1 - SuppNotes - Figures, 3; tables, 2; references, 12. N1 - Last updated - 2015-03-25 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Blood transfusion; Statistics; Epidemics; Risk factors; Encephalitis; Meningitis; Disease transmission; Blood donors; Viruses; West Nile virus; USA DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1046/j.1537-2995.2003.00480.x ER - TY - JOUR T1 - The Syphilis Reactor Grid:: Help or Hindrance for Syphilis Surveillance? AN - 19244361; 5806865 AB - Health departments use reactor grids (sex, age, and serologic test for syphilis [STS] titer criteria) to determine which persons to evaluate for untreated syphilis. The goal of the study was to assess reactor grid performance in Chicago and reactor grid use nationally in 1999 to 2000. We reviewed Chicago health department records to identify characteristics of persons with a reactive STS excluded from evaluation by reactor grid criteria and syphilis cases not meeting evaluation criteria. We surveyed health departments regarding reactor grid use. Of persons with a reactive STS, 46% did not meet criteria for health department evaluation, including 62% of men, 29% of women, and 21% with titers greater than or equal to 1:8. The reactor grid would have excluded 17% of primary syphilis cases. Overall, 82% of health departments use reactor grids. Reactor grids are widely used and may exclude persons with infectious syphilis from health department evaluation, especially men. The impact of reactor grid use on syphilis control and surveillance in the United States should be evaluated. JF - Sexually Transmitted Diseases AU - McLean, CA AU - Kohl, K AU - Baker, MA AU - Sinclair, M F AU - Ciesielski, CA AU - Markowitz, LE AD - Epidemiology and Surveillance Branch, Division of Sexually Transmitted Disease Prevention, National Center for HIV, STD, and TB Prevention, Mailstop E-02, 1600 Clifton Road, Atlanta, GA 30333, USA, cvm9@cdc.gov Y1 - 2003/08// PY - 2003 DA - Aug 2003 SP - 650 EP - 653 VL - 30 IS - 8 KW - Microbiology Abstracts B: Bacteriology KW - USA, Illinois, Chicago KW - Treponema pallidum KW - Serology KW - Syphilis KW - Public health KW - J 02849:Sexually-transmitted diseases UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/19244361?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologyb&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Sexually+Transmitted+Diseases&rft.atitle=The+Syphilis+Reactor+Grid%3A%3A+Help+or+Hindrance+for+Syphilis+Surveillance%3F&rft.au=McLean%2C+CA%3BKohl%2C+K%3BBaker%2C+MA%3BSinclair%2C+M+F%3BCiesielski%2C+CA%3BMarkowitz%2C+LE&rft.aulast=McLean&rft.aufirst=CA&rft.date=2003-08-01&rft.volume=30&rft.issue=8&rft.spage=650&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Sexually+Transmitted+Diseases&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Treponema pallidum; USA, Illinois, Chicago; Public health; Syphilis; Serology ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Bacterial Vaginosis in Pregnancy:: Diagnosis and Treatment Practices of Physicians in San Diego, California, 1999 AN - 19227213; 5806864 AB - Treating symptomatic bacterial vaginosis (BV) early in pregnancy may decrease preterm birth (PTB). Understanding how physicians manage BV is important for the development of interventions. The goal was to determine the extent of knowledge and behaviors of physicians related to the diagnosis, treatment, and medical effects of BV in pregnant and nonpregnant patients. This was a cross-sectional survey. The study group consisted of 208 physicians who provided gynecologic care, including 102 (49%) who provided care to pregnant patients. Only 65% believed that there was a strong causal association between BV and PTB. Physicians who believed that BV causes PTB were much more likely to optimally manage vaginal infections (43% versus 7%). Only 12% of physicians prescribed oral metronidazole or clindamycin during the first trimester of pregnancy to treat BV. Physicians should be aware of the relation between symptomatic BV and PTB, seek a specific diagnosis for symptoms of vaginitis, use standard criteria to diagnose BV, and treat BV with effective regimens early in pregnancy. JF - Sexually Transmitted Diseases AU - Callahan, D B AU - Weinberg, M AU - Gunn, R A AD - Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, 1600 Clifton Road NE, MS D18, Atlanta, GA 30333, USA, duc3@cdc.gov Y1 - 2003/08// PY - 2003 DA - Aug 2003 SP - 645 EP - 649 VL - 30 IS - 8 KW - Microbiology Abstracts B: Bacteriology KW - Metronidazole KW - Clindamycin KW - Diagnosis KW - Therapy KW - Vaginosis KW - Pregnancy KW - J 02847:Genitourinary tract UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/19227213?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologyb&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Sexually+Transmitted+Diseases&rft.atitle=Bacterial+Vaginosis+in+Pregnancy%3A%3A+Diagnosis+and+Treatment+Practices+of+Physicians+in+San+Diego%2C+California%2C+1999&rft.au=Callahan%2C+D+B%3BWeinberg%2C+M%3BGunn%2C+R+A&rft.aulast=Callahan&rft.aufirst=D&rft.date=2003-08-01&rft.volume=30&rft.issue=8&rft.spage=645&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Sexually+Transmitted+Diseases&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Pregnancy; Diagnosis; Therapy; Clindamycin; Metronidazole; Vaginosis ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Walking trends among U.S. adults: The Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System, 1987-2000 AN - 19204103; 5788678 AB - To examine trends in walking among adults in 31 states. Trends by sociodemographic strata were analyzed from respondents who participated in the Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System (BRFSS). The prevalence of walking among men increased 3.8% (95% confidence interval [CI]=2.4-5.2), from 26.2% (95% CI=25.1-25.3) in 1987 to 30.1% (95% CI=29.4-30.8) in 2000. In women, walking increased 6.6% (95% CI=5.4-7.8), from 40.4% (95% CI=-39.4-41.1) to 46.9% (95% CI=46.2-47.6) during the same time period. However, the prevalence of walking three times a week for 30 minutes duration remained constant across all years. The largest increases occurred in minority subpopulations: 8.7% (95% CI=3.2-14.2) in Hispanic women, 8.5% (95% CI=4.4-12.6) non-Hispanic black women, and 7.0% (95% CI=2.3-11.7) in non-Hispanic black men. Walking was the most frequently reported activity among adults who met the national recommendations for regular physical activity (defined as five or more times a week for greater than or equal to 30 minutes per session). Given the acceptability of walking across all sociodemographic subgroups, efforts to increase the frequency of walking could markedly increase the percentage of U.S. adults who engage in regular physical activity, a national priority identified in the Healthy People 2010 objectives for the nation. JF - American Journal of Preventive Medicine AU - Simpson, ME AU - Serdula, M AU - Galuska, DA AU - Gillespie, C AU - Donehoo, R AU - Macera, C AU - Mack, K AD - Illinois Department of Human Services (Assigned by CDC), Bureau of Performance Management Services and Support, 535 W. Jefferson Street, Springfield, IL 62702, USA Y1 - 2003/08// PY - 2003 DA - Aug 2003 SP - 95 EP - 100 VL - 25 IS - 2 SN - 0749-3797, 0749-3797 KW - Physical Education Index KW - USA KW - Exercise (duration) KW - Risk factors KW - Walking KW - Exercise (programs) KW - Ethnic groups KW - Demographics KW - PE 030:Exercise, Health & Physical Fitness UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/19204103?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aphysicaleducation&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=American+Journal+of+Preventive+Medicine&rft.atitle=Walking+trends+among+U.S.+adults%3A+The+Behavioral+Risk+Factor+Surveillance+System%2C+1987-2000&rft.au=Simpson%2C+ME%3BSerdula%2C+M%3BGaluska%2C+DA%3BGillespie%2C+C%3BDonehoo%2C+R%3BMacera%2C+C%3BMack%2C+K&rft.aulast=Simpson&rft.aufirst=ME&rft.date=2003-08-01&rft.volume=25&rft.issue=2&rft.spage=95&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=American+Journal+of+Preventive+Medicine&rft.issn=07493797&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - Physical Education Index N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Risk factors; Walking; Demographics; Exercise (programs); Exercise (duration); Ethnic groups; USA ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Resuscitation factors from mycobacteria: homologs of Micrococcus luteus proteins, AN - 19166961; 5756320 AB - Setting: Resuscitation promoting factors (Rpfs) are proteins, originally identified in Micrococcus luteus, that promote recovery of bacteria from a viable but non-replicating phase (e.g. stationary phase or latency) to a replicating phase. Purified M. luteus Rpf can stimulate growth and increase recovery of M. luteus bacteria as well as Mycobacterium tuberculosis bacteria from prolonged stationary cultures. Objective: To clone and characterize Rpfs from mycobacteria. Design: We cloned one M. avium subsp. paratuberculosis rpf gene and one M. tuberculosis rpf gene into the pET19b or pET21a vector for expression in Escherichia coli. The His-tag recombinant proteins were purified and characterized. Results: When the purified recombinant proteins were added to Sauton medium (a relatively minimal medium) at 100-500 pM, lag phase for mycobacteria from non-replicating cultures was shortened and there was a 10- to 100-fold increase in colony-forming units compared with control samples. In most probable number assays, the mycobacterial Rpfs increased recovery of mycobacteria from late stationary culture by about 10-fold. The Rpfs also promoted recovery of extensively washed Mycobacterium smegmatis bacteria inoculated into Sauton medium. Rpfs had only minor effects on growth of M. tuberculosis in BACTEC 12B broth, a rich medium. Conclusion: The mycobacterial Rpfs demonstrate resuscitation activities similar to those of the M. luteus Rpf. JF - Tuberculosis AU - Zhu, W AU - Plikaytis, B B AU - Shinnick, T M AD - Tuberculosis/Mycobacteriology Branch, Division of AIDS, STD, and TB Laboratory Research, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, 1600 Clifton Road NE, Atlanta, GA 30333, USA, tms1@cdc.gov Y1 - 2003/08// PY - 2003 DA - Aug 2003 SP - 261 EP - 269 PB - Harcourt Publishers Ltd., Robert Stevenson House 1-3 Baxter's Place, Leith Walk Edinburgh EH1 3AF UK, [mailto:Claire_Wilson@harcourt.com], [URL:http://www.idealibrary.com/] VL - 83 IS - 4 SN - 1472-9792, 1472-9792 KW - Microbiology Abstracts B: Bacteriology KW - rpf gene KW - Rpf protein KW - Most probable number KW - Mycobacterium avium KW - Replication KW - Colony-forming cells KW - Plasmids KW - Micrococcus luteus KW - J 02727:Amino acids, peptides and proteins UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/19166961?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologyb&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Tuberculosis&rft.atitle=Resuscitation+factors+from+mycobacteria%3A+homologs+of+Micrococcus+luteus+proteins%2C&rft.au=Zhu%2C+W%3BPlikaytis%2C+B+B%3BShinnick%2C+T+M&rft.aulast=Zhu&rft.aufirst=W&rft.date=2003-08-01&rft.volume=83&rft.issue=4&rft.spage=261&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Tuberculosis&rft.issn=14729792&rft_id=info:doi/10.1016%2FS1472-9792%2803%2900052-0 LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Micrococcus luteus; Mycobacterium avium; Replication; Rpf protein; rpf gene; Plasmids; Colony-forming cells; Most probable number DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S1472-9792(03)00052-0 ER - TY - CONF T1 - Levels of polychlorinated dibenzo-P-dioxins (PCDDs), polychlorinated dibenzofurans (PCDFs), and polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) in human milk at two US locations AN - 18890728; 5749534 AB - Polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs), Polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxins (PCDDs), and Polychlorinated dibenzofurans (PCDFs) are globally distributed in the environment and in people. Human milk is an advantageous sample to monitor for exposure, and allows for the estimation of infant intake. To estimate the overall exposure of a local population to PCBs, PCDDs, and PCDFs from human milk samples. The protocol from the Third WHO-coordinated exposure study was used. Ten primipara women from each lactation center (California and North Carolina) were conveniently sampled from December 2002 to January 2003. The milk at each location was pooled to form two samples. The milk was analyzed by HRGC/HRMS for 29 PCBs and 15 PCDDs/PCDFs congeners. All levels and toxic equivalent quotients (TEQ) were expressed as pg/g fat. The project was not eligible for human subjects review because the milk samples were pooled and no personal identifying information collected. (1) The ages of the women participants at both locations ranged from 23 to 41 years. (2) The patterns of the PCB and PCDD/PCDF congeners at the two locations were similar. The PCDDs/PCDFs with the higher levels included OCDD, 1234678HpCDD, and 123678HxCDD. The TCDD and PeCDD levels were 0.80 and 2.26 for CA, and 0.92 and 2.63 for NC. The levels of the indicator PCBs (28, 52, 101, 138, 153, 180) were as follows: for CA 1755, 186, 368, 22,642, 24,218, 14,584; and for NC 1307, 322, 509, 14,609, 15, 868, 10,825. (3) The sum WHO-TEQ (PCB + PCDD/F) was 11.74 for CA and 11.84 for NC. Polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxins/polychlorinated dibenzofurans contributed to about 60% of the sum WHO-TEQ (PCB + PCDD/F). This was the same for CA and NC. These PCBs, PCDDs, and PCDFs levels suggest a decrease in the US population's exposure to these chemicals. JF - Journal of Toxicology: Clinical Toxicology AU - Wang, R Y AU - Needham, L L Y1 - 2003/08// PY - 2003 DA - Aug 2003 SP - 730 PB - Marcel Dekker Journals, 270 Madison Ave. New York NY 10016-0602 USA VL - 41 IS - 5 KW - PCDD KW - PCDF KW - man KW - Toxicology Abstracts KW - X 24152:Chronic exposure UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/18890728?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxicologyabstracts&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Toxicology%3A+Clinical+Toxicology&rft.atitle=Levels+of+polychlorinated+dibenzo-P-dioxins+%28PCDDs%29%2C+polychlorinated+dibenzofurans+%28PCDFs%29%2C+and+polychlorinated+biphenyls+%28PCBs%29+in+human+milk+at+two+US+locations&rft.au=Wang%2C+R+Y%3BNeedham%2C+L+L&rft.aulast=Wang&rft.aufirst=R&rft.date=2003-08-01&rft.volume=41&rft.issue=5&rft.spage=730&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+Toxicology%3A+Clinical+Toxicology&rft.issn=07313810&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Assessing Human Exposure to Phthalates Using Monoesters and Their Oxidized Metabolites as Biomarkers AN - 18886786; 5746852 AB - Phthalates are a group of industrial chemicals with many commercial uses, such as solvents, additives, and plasticizers. For example, di-(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate (DEHP) is added in varying amounts to certain plastics, such as polyvinyl chloride, to increase their flexibility. In humans, phthalates are metabolized to their respective monoesters, conjugated, and eliminated. However, despite the high production and use of DEHP, we have recently found that the urinary levels of the DEHP metabolite mono-(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate (MEHP) in 2,541 persons in the United States were lower than we anticipated, especially when compared with urinary metabolite levels of other commonly used phthalates. This finding raised questions about the sensitivity of this biomarker for assessing DEHP exposure. We explored the utility of two other DEHP metabolites, mono-(2-ethyl-5-oxohexyl) phthalate (MEOHP) and mono-(2-ethyl-5-hydroxyhexyl) phthalate (MEHHP), as additional DEHP biomarkers. These metabolites are formed by oxidative metabolism of MEHP. In urine from 62 people, both the range and the mean urinary levels of MEOHP and MEHHP were on average 4-fold higher than those of MEHP; the mean of the individual ratios of MEHHP/MEOHP, MEHHP/MEHP, and MEOHP/MEHP were 1.4, 8.2, and 5.9, respectively. These data suggest that MEOHP and MEHHP are more sensitive biomarkers of exposure to DEHP than is MEHP. These findings also suggest a predominant human metabolic route for DEHP hydrolysis to MEHP followed by oxidation of MEHP; they also imply that a similar mechanism may be relevant for other high-molecular-weight phthalates, such as di-n-octyl, di-isononyl, and di-isodecyl phthalates. JF - Environmental Health Perspectives AU - Barr, D B AU - Silva, MJ AU - Kato, K AU - Reidy, JA AU - Malek, NA AU - Hurtz, D AU - Sadowski, M AU - Needham, L L AU - Calafat, A M AD - Division of Laboratory Sciences, National Center for Environmental Health, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, 4770 Buford Hwy. NE, Mailstop F17, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA, ACalafat@cdc.gov Y1 - 2003/08// PY - 2003 DA - Aug 2003 SP - 1148 EP - 1151 VL - 111 IS - 10 SN - 0091-6765, 0091-6765 KW - biomarkers KW - exposure KW - man KW - mono-(2-ethyl-5-hydroxyhexyl)phthalate KW - mono-(2-ethyl-5-oxohexyl)phthalate KW - phthalates KW - Toxicology Abstracts KW - X 24153:Metabolism UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/18886786?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxicologyabstracts&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Environmental+Health+Perspectives&rft.atitle=Assessing+Human+Exposure+to+Phthalates+Using+Monoesters+and+Their+Oxidized+Metabolites+as+Biomarkers&rft.au=Barr%2C+D+B%3BSilva%2C+MJ%3BKato%2C+K%3BReidy%2C+JA%3BMalek%2C+NA%3BHurtz%2C+D%3BSadowski%2C+M%3BNeedham%2C+L+L%3BCalafat%2C+A+M&rft.aulast=Barr&rft.aufirst=D&rft.date=2003-08-01&rft.volume=111&rft.issue=10&rft.spage=1148&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Environmental+Health+Perspectives&rft.issn=00916765&rft_id=info:doi/10.1289%2Fehp.6074 LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1289/ehp.6074 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - The validity of HIV testing using sputum from suspected tuberculosis patients, Botswana, 2001 AN - 18866894; 5710624 AB - The World Health Organization recommends that sentinel HIV surveillance be conducted on tuberculosis patients. However, serum HIV testing is complicated in the TB clinic context, and may not be acceptable to patients. To determine the utility of the OraQuick registered HIV-1/2 Assay for the detection of HIV antibodies in sputum, we consecutively enrolled adult in-patients in Botswana who had sputum sent for acid-fast bacilli testing and serum sent for HIV ELISA testing. OraQuick registered HIV-1/2 Assay was applied to gingival secretions according to manufacturer's guidelines, and was also dipped into sputum specimens. A subset of 60 sputum specimens was also serially tested up to 72 hours after collection. Of 377 patients, 84% were HIV-positive by serum ELISA. Compared with serum ELISA, the OraQuick registered HIV-1/2 Assay detected HIV in gingival secretions with 98.4% sensitivity and 98.3% specificity (95%CI 97-99 and 92-100, respectively), and 97.1% sensitivity and 98.3% specificity on initial sputum specimens (95%CI 95-99 and 92-100, respectively). OraQuick registered HIV-1/2 Assay performance on sputum declined slightly when tested up to 72 hours after collection. When applied to sputum specimens, the OraQuick registered HIV-1/2 Assay demonstrates sensitivity and specificity comparable to its intended application on gingival secretions. This novel testing method will be valuable in anonymous sentinel HIV surveillance surveys among tuberculosis patients. JF - International Journal of Tuberculosis and Lung Disease AU - Talbot, E A AU - Hone, N M AU - Moffat, HJ AU - Lee, E J AU - Moeti, T L AU - Mokobela, K AU - Mbulawa, M AU - Binkin, N J AU - Wells, C D AU - Kenyon, T A AD - BOTUSA Project, Division of Tuberculosis Elimination, NCHSTP, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA 30333, USA, ccw2@cdc.gov Y1 - 2003/08// PY - 2003 DA - Aug 2003 SP - 710 EP - 713 VL - 7 IS - 8 SN - 1027-3719, 1027-3719 KW - HIV-1 KW - HIV-2 KW - man KW - Virology & AIDS Abstracts; Microbiology Abstracts B: Bacteriology KW - J 02845:Ear, nose and respiratory tract KW - V 22004:AIDS: Clinical aspects UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/18866894?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologyb&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=International+Journal+of+Tuberculosis+and+Lung+Disease&rft.atitle=The+validity+of+HIV+testing+using+sputum+from+suspected+tuberculosis+patients%2C+Botswana%2C+2001&rft.au=Talbot%2C+E+A%3BHone%2C+N+M%3BMoffat%2C+HJ%3BLee%2C+E+J%3BMoeti%2C+T+L%3BMokobela%2C+K%3BMbulawa%2C+M%3BBinkin%2C+N+J%3BWells%2C+C+D%3BKenyon%2C+T+A&rft.aulast=Talbot&rft.aufirst=E&rft.date=2003-08-01&rft.volume=7&rft.issue=8&rft.spage=710&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=International+Journal+of+Tuberculosis+and+Lung+Disease&rft.issn=10273719&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Multiplexed microsphere-based flow cytometric immunoassays for human cytokines AN - 18831290; 5754209 AB - Cytokines play a pivotal role in the regulation of immunologic, hematologic and wound-healing processes. They function to stimulate as well as inhibit the proliferation, differentiation and maturation of a variety of cell types. Thus, their functions are pleiotropic as well as interdependent to the extent that any cytokine may have effects that are synergistic or antagonistic with other cytokines. Cytokines also display redundancy when one mimics the functions of others. These characteristics imply that measuring the levels of one cytokine in a biologic system provides only a fraction of the information that is relevant to the existing physiologic state. A more realistic indication of the complexity of cellular interactions would include measurements of multiple cytokines at any time point. One method of multiplexed analysis can be performed by capture of the cytokines on an array of fluorescent microspheres for quantitation by flow cytometry. This technology has been applied to a variety of biomolecules, but simultaneous quantitation of multiple cytokines in a small sample volume has become rapid, inexpensive, reliable and informative. JF - Journal of Immunological Methods AU - Kellar, K L AU - Douglass, J P AD - Biotechnology Core Facility Branch, Scientific Resources Program, National Center for Infectious Diseases, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, MS D-34, 1600 Clifton Road, NE, Atlanta, GA 30333, USA, klk1@cdc.gov Y1 - 2003/08// PY - 2003 DA - Aug 2003 SP - 277 EP - 285 PB - Elsevier B.V. VL - 279 IS - 1-2 SN - 0022-1759, 0022-1759 KW - man KW - Biotechnology and Bioengineering Abstracts; Immunology Abstracts; Medical and Pharmaceutical Biotechnology Abstracts KW - W3 33240:Immunology KW - F 06713:Physicochemical methods KW - W 30965:Miscellaneous, Reviews UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/18831290?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Abiotechresearch&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Immunological+Methods&rft.atitle=Multiplexed+microsphere-based+flow+cytometric+immunoassays+for+human+cytokines&rft.au=Kellar%2C+K+L%3BDouglass%2C+J+P&rft.aulast=Kellar&rft.aufirst=K&rft.date=2003-08-01&rft.volume=279&rft.issue=1-2&rft.spage=277&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+Immunological+Methods&rft.issn=00221759&rft_id=info:doi/10.1016%2FS0022-1759%2803%2900248-5 LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0022-1759(03)00248-5 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Predictors of risky sex of young men after release from prison AN - 18821362; 5710905 AB - A longitudinal study of demographic and behavioural characteristics associated with risky sexual behaviours of young men after release from prison. One hundred and six men were interviewed in prison and at one week and six months after release. Overall, 37% reported a previous sexually transmitted disease (STD) diagnosis. In the 30 days before incarceration, 33% had had sex with a risky partner, and 59% had had multiple female sex partners. After release, 38 (36%) men reported having had risky sex ( greater than or equal to 2 female sex partners and unprotected vaginal sex): 12 (13%) at one week and 31 (34%) at six months. The only factor independently associated with risky sex was the use of alcohol/drugs before sex: one-week odds ratio (OR)=6.11 (95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.42-26.40), six-month OR=3.05 (95% CI: 1.30-9.42). Behavioural intervention programmes for incarcerated men should address drug and alcohol use and its contribution to higher risk for HIV and STDs. JF - International Journal of STD & AIDS AU - MacGowan, R J AU - Margolis, A AU - Gaiter, J AU - Morrow, K AU - Zack, B AU - Askew, J AU - McAuliffe, T AU - Sosman, J M AU - Eldridge, G D AD - Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, 1600 Clifton Rd, MSE-37, Atlanta, GA 30333, USA, rmacgowan@cdc.gov Y1 - 2003/08// PY - 2003 DA - Aug 2003 SP - 519 EP - 523 VL - 14 IS - 8 SN - 0956-4624, 0956-4624 KW - HIV KW - drug abuse KW - prisons KW - sexual behavior KW - sexually transmitted diseases KW - Risk Abstracts KW - R2 23060:Medical and environmental health UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/18821362?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Ariskabstracts&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=International+Journal+of+STD+%26+AIDS&rft.atitle=Predictors+of+risky+sex+of+young+men+after+release+from+prison&rft.au=MacGowan%2C+R+J%3BMargolis%2C+A%3BGaiter%2C+J%3BMorrow%2C+K%3BZack%2C+B%3BAskew%2C+J%3BMcAuliffe%2C+T%3BSosman%2C+J+M%3BEldridge%2C+G+D&rft.aulast=MacGowan&rft.aufirst=R&rft.date=2003-08-01&rft.volume=14&rft.issue=8&rft.spage=519&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=International+Journal+of+STD+%26+AIDS&rft.issn=09564624&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Quantitative Real-Time PCR Assay for Detection of Ehrlichia chaffeensis AN - 18813316; 5685521 AB - A real-time PCR assay was developed for the detection of Ehrlichia chaffeensis. The assay is species specific and provides quantitative results in the range 10 to 10 super(10) gene copies. The assay is not inhibited by the presence of tick, human, or mouse DNA and is compatible with high sample throughput. The assay was compared with previously described assays for E. chaffeensis. JF - Journal of Clinical Microbiology AU - Loftis, AD AU - Massung, R F AU - Levin, M L AD - Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, 1600 Clifton Rd. NE, MS G-13, Atlanta, GA 30333, aloftis@cdc.gov Y1 - 2003/08// PY - 2003 DA - Aug 2003 SP - 3870 EP - 3872 PB - American Society for Microbiology, 1752 N Street N.W. Washington, DC 20036 USA, [URL:http://www.asm.org/] VL - 41 IS - 8 SN - 0095-1137, 0095-1137 KW - Microbiology Abstracts B: Bacteriology; Microbiology Abstracts A: Industrial & Applied Microbiology KW - A 01116:Bacteria KW - J 02704:Enumeration UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/18813316?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologyb&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Clinical+Microbiology&rft.atitle=Quantitative+Real-Time+PCR+Assay+for+Detection+of+Ehrlichia+chaffeensis&rft.au=Loftis%2C+AD%3BMassung%2C+R+F%3BLevin%2C+M+L&rft.aulast=Loftis&rft.aufirst=AD&rft.date=2003-08-01&rft.volume=41&rft.issue=8&rft.spage=3870&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+Clinical+Microbiology&rft.issn=00951137&rft_id=info:doi/10.1128%2FJCM.41.8.3870-3872.2003 LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/JCM.41.8.3870-3872.2003 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Molecular Characterization of the sucB Gene Encoding the Immunogenic Dihydrolipoamide Succinyltransferase Protein of Bartonella vinsonii subsp. berkhoffii and Bartonella quintana AN - 18805014; 5675795 AB - Members of the genus Bartonella have historically been connected with human disease, such as cat scratch disease, trench fever, and Carrion's disease, and recently have been recognized as emerging pathogens causing other clinical manifestations in humans. However, because little is known about the antigens that elicit antibody production in response to Bartonella infections, this project was undertaken to identify and molecularly characterize these immunogens. Immunologic screening of a Bartonella vinsonii subsp. berkhoffii genomic expression library with anti-Bartonella antibodies led to the identification of the sucB gene, which encodes the enzyme dihydrolipoamide succinyltransferase. Antiserum from a mouse experimentally infected with live Bartonella was reactive against recombinant SucB, indicating the mounting of an anti-SucB response following infection. Antigenic cross-reactivity was observed with antiserum against other Bartonella spp. Antibodies against Coxiella burnetti, Francisella tularensis, and Rickettsia typhi also reacted with our recombinant Bartonella SucB. Potential SucB antigenic cross-reactivity presents a challenge to the development of serodiagnostic tests for other intracellular pathogens that cause diseases such as Q fever, rickettsioses, brucelloses, tularemia, and other bartonelloses. JF - Infection and Immunity AU - Gilmore, RD Jr AU - Carpio, A M AU - Kosoy, MY AU - Gage, K L AD - DVBID, CDC, P.O. Box 2087, Foothills Campus, Fort Collins, CO 80522, rbg9@cdc.gov Y1 - 2003/08// PY - 2003 DA - Aug 2003 SP - 4818 EP - 4822 PB - American Society for Microbiology, 1752 N Street N.W. Washington, DC 20036 USA, [URL:http://www.asm.org/] VL - 71 IS - 8 SN - 0019-9567, 0019-9567 KW - dihydrolipoamide succinyltransferase KW - sucB gene KW - Immunology Abstracts; Microbiology Abstracts B: Bacteriology; Genetics Abstracts KW - J 02832:Antigenic properties and virulence KW - G 07320:Bacterial genetics KW - F 06008:Bacteria UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/18805014?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologyb&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Infection+and+Immunity&rft.atitle=Molecular+Characterization+of+the+sucB+Gene+Encoding+the+Immunogenic+Dihydrolipoamide+Succinyltransferase+Protein+of+Bartonella+vinsonii+subsp.+berkhoffii+and+Bartonella+quintana&rft.au=Gilmore%2C+RD+Jr%3BCarpio%2C+A+M%3BKosoy%2C+MY%3BGage%2C+K+L&rft.aulast=Gilmore&rft.aufirst=RD&rft.date=2003-08-01&rft.volume=71&rft.issue=8&rft.spage=4818&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Infection+and+Immunity&rft.issn=00199567&rft_id=info:doi/10.1128%2FIAI.71.8.4818-4822.2003 LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/IAI.71.8.4818-4822.2003 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Acquisition, steady-state performance, and the effects of trimethyltin on the operant behavior and hippocampal GFAP of Long-Evans and Fischer 344 rats AN - 18800668; 5657896 AB - Strain differences represent an overlooked variable that may play an important role in neurotoxic outcomes that can impact regulatory decision making. Here, we examined the strain-dependent effects of trimethyltin (TMT), a compound used as a positive control for behavioral and neurochemical assessments of neurotoxicity. Adult male Long-Evans (LE) and Fischer 344 (F344) rats (n=12 each) were trained to respond under a multiple, fixed-interval 3-min fixed-ratio 10-response (multi FI 3-min FR10) schedule of milk reinforcement. Acquisition was characterized by time-dependent changes in several behavioral endpoints in both strains, although rate of acquisition of the fixed-interval pattern of responding was slower in F344 rats. Steady-state (baseline) performance was characterized by slower overall rates of responding in F344 rats. There was little evidence of strain differences in many of the other baseline performance measures. Rats of each strain were then divided into two equal groups that received either 1 ml/kg saline or 8.0 mg/kg iv TMT approximately 18 h before the next test session. TMT produced transient changes in the performance of LE and F344 rats that lasted for several sessions. For many behavioral measures, F344 rats were more affected by TMT than were LE rats. TMT-induced reactive gliosis, as assessed by assaying glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP), was also greater in F344 rats than in LE rats. These results suggest F344 rats may be more susceptible to TMT-induced neurotoxicity than are LE rats. JF - Neurotoxicology and Teratology AU - MacPhail, R C AU - O'Callaghan, J P AU - Cohn, J AD - Neurotoxicology Division, National Health and Environmental Effects Research Laboratory, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle Park, NC 27711, USA, jdo5@cdc.gov Y1 - 2003/08// PY - 2003 DA - Aug 2003 SP - 481 EP - 490 PB - Elsevier Science Inc. VL - 25 IS - 4 SN - 0892-0362, 0892-0362 KW - rats KW - CSA Neurosciences Abstracts; Toxicology Abstracts KW - X 24161:Acute exposure KW - N3 11139:Toxicological and psychoactive drug correlates UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/18800668?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxicologyabstracts&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Neurotoxicology+and+Teratology&rft.atitle=Acquisition%2C+steady-state+performance%2C+and+the+effects+of+trimethyltin+on+the+operant+behavior+and+hippocampal+GFAP+of+Long-Evans+and+Fischer+344+rats&rft.au=MacPhail%2C+R+C%3BO%27Callaghan%2C+J+P%3BCohn%2C+J&rft.aulast=MacPhail&rft.aufirst=R&rft.date=2003-08-01&rft.volume=25&rft.issue=4&rft.spage=481&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Neurotoxicology+and+Teratology&rft.issn=08920362&rft_id=info:doi/10.1016%2FS0892-0362%2803%2900012-6 LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0892-0362(03)00012-6 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Identification of organic fractions of diesel exhaust particulate (DEP) which inhibit nitric oxide (NO) production from a murine macrophage cell line AN - 18798215; 5663732 AB - Diesel exhaust particulates (DEPs) can constitute a large component of the particulate air pollution in urban areas and is a health concern. The effects of DEP on nitric oxide (NO) production by a murine macrophage cell line (RAW264.7) in response to interferon- gamma (INF gamma ), lipopolysaccharide, (LPS) and Bacillus Calmette-Guerin (BCG) were studied. The DEP was fractionated into organic and inorganic fractions (carbonaceous core). The organic portion was further divided into asphaltene, saturates, less polar aromatics, more polar aromatics and resins-containing fractions. Each fraction was tested for the ability to suppress NO production from BCG-stimulated macrophages. DEP crude organic extract, more polar aromatic hydrocarbon, and resin fractions dose- dependently inhibited BCG-stimulated NO production. It is concluded that the responsiveness of the macrophages to stimuli, such as BCG, is suppressed by DEP and that this activity is most predominant in the polar aromatic hydrocarbons and resins-containing fractions. JF - Toxicology Letters AU - Saxena, Q B AU - Saxena, R K AU - Siegel, P D AU - Lewis, D M AD - Indian Council of Medical Research, New Delhi, India, dml1@cdc.gov Y1 - 2003/08// PY - 2003 DA - Aug 2003 SP - 317 EP - 322 PB - Elsevier Science Ireland Ltd. VL - 143 IS - 3 SN - 0378-4274, 0378-4274 KW - RAW 264.7 cells KW - cell lines KW - diesel exhaust particles KW - inhibition KW - mice KW - Toxicology Abstracts KW - X 24155:Biochemistry UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/18798215?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxicologyabstracts&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Toxicology+Letters&rft.atitle=Identification+of+organic+fractions+of+diesel+exhaust+particulate+%28DEP%29+which+inhibit+nitric+oxide+%28NO%29+production+from+a+murine+macrophage+cell+line&rft.au=Saxena%2C+Q+B%3BSaxena%2C+R+K%3BSiegel%2C+P+D%3BLewis%2C+D+M&rft.aulast=Saxena&rft.aufirst=Q&rft.date=2003-08-01&rft.volume=143&rft.issue=3&rft.spage=317&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Toxicology+Letters&rft.issn=03784274&rft_id=info:doi/10.1016%2FS0378-4274%2803%2900192-9 LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0378-4274(03)00192-9 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Risk of Bacterial Meningitis in Children with Cochlear Implants AN - 18876856; 5731531 AB - Background In June 2002, the Food and Drug Administration received reports of bacterial meningitis in patients with cochlear implants for treatment of hearing loss. Implants that included a positioner (a wedge inserted next to the implanted electrode to facilitate transmission of the electrical signal by pushing the electrode against the medial wall of the cochlea) were voluntarily recalled in the United States in July 2002. Methods We identified patients with meningitis and conducted a cohort study and a nested case-control investigation involving 4264 children who had received cochlear implants in the United States between January 1, 1997, and August 6, 2002, and who were less than six years of age when they received the implants. We calculated the incidence of meningitis in the cohort and assessed risk factors for meningitis among patients and among 199 controls, using data from interviews with parents and abstracted from medical records. Results We identified 26 children with bacterial meningitis. The incidence of meningitis caused by Streptococcus pneumoniae was 138.2 cases per 100,000 person-years -- more than 30 times the incidence in a cohort of the same age in the general U.S. population. Postimplantation bacterial meningitis was strongly associated with the use of an implant with a positioner (odds ratio, 4.5 [95 percent confidence interval, 1.3 to 17.9], with adjustment for medical, surgical, and environmental factors) and with the joint presence of radiographic evidence of a malformation of the inner ear and a cerebrospinal fluid leak (adjusted odds ratio, 9.3 [95 percent confidence interval, 1.2 to 94.5]). The incidence of meningitis among patients who had received an implant with a positioner remained higher than the incidence among those whose implants did not have a positioner for the duration of follow-up (24 months from the time of implantation). Conclusions Parents and health care providers should ensure that all children who receive cochlear implants are appropriately vaccinated and are then monitored and treated promptly for any bacterial infections after receiving the implant. JF - New England Journal of Medicine AU - Reefhuis, J AU - Honein, MA AU - Whitney, C G AU - Chamany, S AU - Mann, E A AU - Biernath, K R AU - Broder, K AU - Manning, S AU - Avashia, S AU - Victor, M AU - Costa, P AU - Devine, O AU - Graham, A AU - Boyle, C AD - National Center on Birth Defects and Developmental Disabilities, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, 1600 Clifton Rd. NE, MS E-86, Atlanta, GA 30333, USA Y1 - 2003/07/31/ PY - 2003 DA - 2003 Jul 31 SP - 435 EP - 445 VL - 349 IS - 5 SN - 0028-4793, 0028-4793 KW - cochlear implants KW - Microbiology Abstracts B: Bacteriology KW - J 02848:Nervous system UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/18876856?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologyb&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=New+England+Journal+of+Medicine&rft.atitle=Risk+of+Bacterial+Meningitis+in+Children+with+Cochlear+Implants&rft.au=Reefhuis%2C+J%3BHonein%2C+MA%3BWhitney%2C+C+G%3BChamany%2C+S%3BMann%2C+E+A%3BBiernath%2C+K+R%3BBroder%2C+K%3BManning%2C+S%3BAvashia%2C+S%3BVictor%2C+M%3BCosta%2C+P%3BDevine%2C+O%3BGraham%2C+A%3BBoyle%2C+C&rft.aulast=Reefhuis&rft.aufirst=J&rft.date=2003-07-31&rft.volume=349&rft.issue=5&rft.spage=435&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=New+England+Journal+of+Medicine&rft.issn=00284793&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 ER - TY - CPAPER T1 - Needle-free delivery - The public health perspective AN - 39622201; 3783031 AU - Weniger, B Y1 - 2003/07/21/ PY - 2003 DA - 2003 Jul 21 KW - CPI, Conference Papers Index KW - U 2000:Biology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/39622201?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Acpi&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=conference&rft.jtitle=&rft.atitle=Needle-free+delivery+-+The+public+health+perspective&rft.au=Weniger%2C+B&rft.aulast=Weniger&rft.aufirst=B&rft.date=2003-07-21&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - SuppNotes - Availability: MVADS 2003, Meetings Management, The Barn, Rake Meadow, Station Lane Milford, Surrey GU8 5AD, UK; phone: 44-0-1483-427770; fax: 44-0-1483-428516 N1 - Last updated - 2010-05-03 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Rapid increase in HIV rates--Orel Oblast, Russian Federation, 1999-2001. AN - 73554101; 12869903 AB - During 1999-2001, the estimated number of cases of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) reported officially in the Russian Federation increased approximately 16-fold, from 11,000 to 177,000. In 2001, of 49,434 HIV-infected persons for whom a risk factor was identified, 46,274 (94%) were injection-drug users (IDUs). However, the actual number of HIV-infected persons in Russia is estimated to be four to 10 times higher than reported. Rapid increases in HIV have been reported in urban areas (e.g., Kaliningrad, Moscow, and St. Petersburg) and also might be occurring in rural areas. During 1997-2000, HIV seroprevalence reportedly increased 33-fold in Orel Oblast, a predominantly rural, agricultural province (1999 population: 900,000) in central European Russia. To confirm and describe this increase and evaluate the risk for continued rapid increase of HIV, CDC collaborated with the Orel Oblast AIDS and Infectious Diseases Prevention Center (AIDS Center) to assess recent HIV trends and the prevalence of risk behaviors among IDUs in Orel Oblast. This report summarizes the results of that assessment, which indicate continued increases in HIV rates and underscore the need for interventions directed at IDUs and their sex partners to limit further spread of HIV. JF - MMWR. Morbidity and mortality weekly report AU - Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) AD - Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) Y1 - 2003/07/18/ PY - 2003 DA - 2003 Jul 18 SP - 657 EP - 660 VL - 52 IS - 28 SN - 0149-2195, 0149-2195 KW - Index Medicus KW - Rural Population KW - Risk-Taking KW - Risk Factors KW - Humans KW - Adult KW - Male KW - Female KW - Substance Abuse, Intravenous KW - Russia -- epidemiology KW - HIV Infections -- transmission KW - HIV Infections -- epidemiology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/73554101?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=MMWR.+Morbidity+and+mortality+weekly+report&rft.atitle=Rapid+increase+in+HIV+rates--Orel+Oblast%2C+Russian+Federation%2C+1999-2001.&rft.au=Centers+for+Disease+Control+and+Prevention+%28CDC%29&rft.aulast=Centers+for+Disease+Control+and+Prevention+%28CDC%29&rft.aufirst=&rft.date=2003-07-18&rft.volume=52&rft.issue=28&rft.spage=657&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=MMWR.+Morbidity+and+mortality+weekly+report&rft.issn=01492195&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 2003-07-22 N1 - Date created - 2003-07-18 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Fetal alcohol syndrome--South Africa, 2001. AN - 73481285; 12869904 AB - Fetal alcohol syndrome (FAS) is caused by maternal alcohol use during pregnancy and is one of the leading causes of preventable birth defects and developmental disabilities. The FAS phenotype is characterized by a combination of facial dysmorphic features, growth retardation, and central nervous system (CNS) abnormalities. State-based estimates of the prevalence of FAS in the United States vary from 0.3 to 1.5 per 1,000 live-born infants. Recently, the highest prevalence of FAS worldwide was reported among first-grade children in a wine-growing region in the Western Cape province of South Africa. Investigators for the National Institutes of Alcoholism and Alcohol Abuse (NIAAA) reported a FAS prevalence of 40.5 to 46.4 per 1,000 children aged 5-9 years in one community in Western Cape. To determine whether FAS was associated exclusively with the wine-growing region in Western Cape or was more endemic in other areas of the country, CDC, in collaboration with the University of Witwatersrand and the Foundation for Alcohol Related Research in Johannesburg, South Africa, conducted a prevalence study in Gauteng province and is developing ongoing surveillance and prevention activities. This report summarizes the findings of the study, which indicate a high prevalence of FAS among first-grade children in four nonwine-growing communities around Johannesburg. Because South Africa has limited resources and many competing health problems (e.g., human immunodeficiency virus/acquired immunodeficiency syndrome, tuberculosis, and sexually transmitted diseases), integrating prenatal alcohol-exposure prevention activities with existing prevention programs should be explored. JF - MMWR. Morbidity and mortality weekly report AU - Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) AD - Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) Y1 - 2003/07/18/ PY - 2003 DA - 2003 Jul 18 SP - 660 EP - 662 VL - 52 IS - 28 SN - 0149-2195, 0149-2195 KW - Index Medicus KW - South Africa -- epidemiology KW - Humans KW - Child KW - Male KW - Female KW - Pregnancy KW - Fetal Alcohol Spectrum Disorders -- epidemiology KW - Fetal Alcohol Spectrum Disorders -- diagnosis UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/73481285?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=MMWR.+Morbidity+and+mortality+weekly+report&rft.atitle=Fetal+alcohol+syndrome--South+Africa%2C+2001.&rft.au=Centers+for+Disease+Control+and+Prevention+%28CDC%29&rft.aulast=Centers+for+Disease+Control+and+Prevention+%28CDC%29&rft.aufirst=&rft.date=2003-07-18&rft.volume=52&rft.issue=28&rft.spage=660&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=MMWR.+Morbidity+and+mortality+weekly+report&rft.issn=01492195&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 2003-07-22 N1 - Date created - 2003-07-18 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Homemade chemical bomb events and resulting injuries--selected states, January 1996-March 2003. AN - 73476825; 12869905 AB - Homemade chemical bombs (HCBs), also known as acid bombs, bottle bombs, and MacGyver bombs, are explosive devices that can be made easily from volatile household chemicals (e.g., toilet bowl, drain, and driveway cleaners) purchased at a local hardware or grocery store. When these and other ingredients are combined and shaken in a capped container, the internal gas pressure generated from the chemical reaction causes the container to expand and explode. The subsequent explosion can cause injuries or death to persons in the immediate vicinity of the detonation. Since 1996, some of the states participating in the Agency for Toxic Substances and Disease Registry (ATSDR)'s Hazardous Substances Emergency Events Surveillance (HSEES) system have been documenting HCB events. This report describes examples of HCB events, summarizes all reported HCB events, discusses associated injuries, and suggests injury-prevention methods. JF - MMWR. Morbidity and mortality weekly report AU - Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) AD - Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) Y1 - 2003/07/18/ PY - 2003 DA - 2003 Jul 18 SP - 662 EP - 664 VL - 52 IS - 28 SN - 0149-2195, 0149-2195 KW - Hazardous Substances KW - 0 KW - Index Medicus KW - Humans KW - Rhode Island -- epidemiology KW - New York -- epidemiology KW - Adolescent KW - United States -- epidemiology KW - Blast Injuries -- etiology KW - Blast Injuries -- epidemiology KW - Explosions UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/73476825?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=MMWR.+Morbidity+and+mortality+weekly+report&rft.atitle=Homemade+chemical+bomb+events+and+resulting+injuries--selected+states%2C+January+1996-March+2003.&rft.au=Centers+for+Disease+Control+and+Prevention+%28CDC%29&rft.aulast=Centers+for+Disease+Control+and+Prevention+%28CDC%29&rft.aufirst=&rft.date=2003-07-18&rft.volume=52&rft.issue=28&rft.spage=662&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=MMWR.+Morbidity+and+mortality+weekly+report&rft.issn=01492195&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 2003-07-22 N1 - Date created - 2003-07-18 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - HIV diagnoses among injection-drug users in states with HIV surveillance--25 states, 1994-2000. AN - 73480584; 12855944 AB - Injection-drug use is a risk factor for acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS). Of the 765,559 cumulative AIDS cases diagnosed as of December 2000, a total of 193,527 (25%) occurred among injection-drug users (IDUs). IDUs become infected with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) through sharing injection-drug equipment with HIV-infected persons or by engaging in other risk behaviors such as having unprotected sex. Since 1995, AIDS incidence among IDUs has declined. This report presents data on initial HIV diagnoses among IDUs aged >/=13 years, with and without AIDS at the time of HIV diagnosis, by year, during 1994--2000. The findings indicate that HIV diagnoses among IDUs have leveled in the majority of demographic groups during this period in the 25 states for which HIV surveillance data are available. Because IDUs and their sex partners represent approximately one third of persons infected in the HIV epidemic and continue to be at risk for transmitting HIV, prevention efforts targeting IDUs and their sex partners should be enhanced. JF - MMWR. Morbidity and mortality weekly report AU - Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) AD - Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) Y1 - 2003/07/11/ PY - 2003 DA - 2003 Jul 11 SP - 634 EP - 636 VL - 52 IS - 27 SN - 0149-2195, 0149-2195 KW - Index Medicus KW - Risk-Taking KW - Risk Factors KW - Humans KW - Adult KW - AIDS Serodiagnosis KW - Middle Aged KW - Adolescent KW - United States -- epidemiology KW - Male KW - Female KW - HIV Infections -- transmission KW - HIV Infections -- ethnology KW - Substance Abuse, Intravenous -- complications KW - HIV Infections -- epidemiology KW - Population Surveillance UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/73480584?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=MMWR.+Morbidity+and+mortality+weekly+report&rft.atitle=HIV+diagnoses+among+injection-drug+users+in+states+with+HIV+surveillance--25+states%2C+1994-2000.&rft.au=Centers+for+Disease+Control+and+Prevention+%28CDC%29&rft.aulast=Centers+for+Disease+Control+and+Prevention+%28CDC%29&rft.aufirst=&rft.date=2003-07-11&rft.volume=52&rft.issue=27&rft.spage=634&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=MMWR.+Morbidity+and+mortality+weekly+report&rft.issn=01492195&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 2003-07-18 N1 - Date created - 2003-07-11 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Update: cardiac and other adverse events following civilian smallpox vaccination--United States, 2003. AN - 73463385; 12855946 AB - During January 24-June 20, 2003, smallpox vaccine was administered to 37,802 civilian health-care and public health workers in 55 jurisdictions to prepare the United States for a possible terrorist attack using smallpox virus. This report updates information on vaccine-associated adverse events among civilians vaccinated since the beginning of the program and among contacts of vaccinees, received by CDC from the Vaccine Adverse Event Reporting System (VAERS) as of June 20. Two cases of dilated cardiomyopathy (DCM) were diagnosed 3 months after vaccination. For the potential relation between smallpox vaccine and DCM to be assessed, identification of additional cases of DCM among vaccinees will be essential. Physicians who treat smallpox vaccine recipients are encouraged to evaluate and report patients with symptoms compatible with DCM, including those that occur several months after vaccination. JF - MMWR. Morbidity and mortality weekly report AU - Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) AD - Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) Y1 - 2003/07/11/ PY - 2003 DA - 2003 Jul 11 SP - 639 EP - 642 VL - 52 IS - 27 SN - 0149-2195, 0149-2195 KW - Smallpox Vaccine KW - 0 KW - Index Medicus KW - Myocarditis -- etiology KW - Angina Pectoris -- etiology KW - Humans KW - Pericarditis -- etiology KW - Population Surveillance KW - Myocardial Infarction -- etiology KW - Adverse Drug Reaction Reporting Systems KW - Immunization Programs KW - Middle Aged KW - Vaccinia -- etiology KW - Heart Diseases -- etiology KW - United States -- epidemiology KW - Female KW - Cardiomyopathy, Dilated -- etiology KW - Vaccination -- adverse effects KW - Smallpox Vaccine -- adverse effects UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/73463385?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=MMWR.+Morbidity+and+mortality+weekly+report&rft.atitle=Update%3A+cardiac+and+other+adverse+events+following+civilian+smallpox+vaccination--United+States%2C+2003.&rft.au=Centers+for+Disease+Control+and+Prevention+%28CDC%29&rft.aulast=Centers+for+Disease+Control+and+Prevention+%28CDC%29&rft.aufirst=&rft.date=2003-07-11&rft.volume=52&rft.issue=27&rft.spage=639&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=MMWR.+Morbidity+and+mortality+weekly+report&rft.issn=01492195&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 2003-07-18 N1 - Date created - 2003-07-11 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Surveillance for acute insecticide-related illness associated with mosquito-control efforts--nine states, 1999-2002. AN - 73452443; 12855943 AB - Ground and aerial applications of insecticides are used to control populations of adult mosquitoes, which spread such diseases as West Nile virus--related illness, eastern equine encephalitis, and dengue fever. This report summarizes investigations of illnesses associated with exposures to insecticides used during 1999-2002 to control mosquito populations in nine states (Arizona, California, Florida, Louisiana, Michigan, New York, Oregon, Texas, and Washington) (estimated 2000 population: 118 million). The findings indicate that application of certain insecticides posed a low risk for acute, temporary health effects among persons in areas that were sprayed and among workers handling and applying insecticides. To reduce the risk for negative health effects, public health authorities should 1) provide public notice of application times and locations and appropriate advice about preventing exposures, 2) ensure that insecticide handlers and applicators meet state-mandated training and experience requirements to prevent insecticide exposure to themselves and the public, and 3) implement integrated pest management control strategies that emphasize mosquito larval control, reduction of mosquito breeding sites, and judicious use of insecticides to control adult mosquito populations. JF - MMWR. Morbidity and mortality weekly report AU - Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) AD - Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) Y1 - 2003/07/11/ PY - 2003 DA - 2003 Jul 11 SP - 629 EP - 634 VL - 52 IS - 27 SN - 0149-2195, 0149-2195 KW - Insecticides KW - 0 KW - Index Medicus KW - Severity of Illness Index KW - Arizona -- epidemiology KW - Humans KW - Texas -- epidemiology KW - Poisoning -- epidemiology KW - New York -- epidemiology KW - Oregon -- epidemiology KW - Florida -- epidemiology KW - Washington -- epidemiology KW - California -- epidemiology KW - United States -- epidemiology KW - Michigan -- epidemiology KW - Louisiana -- epidemiology KW - Mosquito Control -- methods KW - Insecticides -- poisoning KW - Insecticides -- adverse effects KW - Occupational Exposure -- adverse effects KW - Population Surveillance KW - Inhalation Exposure -- adverse effects UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/73452443?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=MMWR.+Morbidity+and+mortality+weekly+report&rft.atitle=Surveillance+for+acute+insecticide-related+illness+associated+with+mosquito-control+efforts--nine+states%2C+1999-2002.&rft.au=Centers+for+Disease+Control+and+Prevention+%28CDC%29&rft.aulast=Centers+for+Disease+Control+and+Prevention+%28CDC%29&rft.aufirst=&rft.date=2003-07-11&rft.volume=52&rft.issue=27&rft.spage=629&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=MMWR.+Morbidity+and+mortality+weekly+report&rft.issn=01492195&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 2003-07-18 N1 - Date created - 2003-07-11 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Multistate outbreak of Salmonella serotype typhimurium infections associated with drinking unpasteurized milk--Illinois, Indiana, Ohio, and Tennessee, 2002-2003. AN - 73434357; 12844078 AB - On December 10, 2002, the Clark County Combined Health District and the Ohio Department of Health (ODH) were notified of two hospitalized children infected with Salmonella Enterica serotype Typhimurium. Initial investigation implicated consumption of raw, unpasteurized milk purchased at a local combination dairy-restaurant (dairy) during November 27-December 13, 2002, as the cause. This report summarizes the subsequent investigation. Because 27 states still allow the sale of raw milk, and organizations continue their efforts to allow marketing and sale of raw milk to the public directly from the farm, consumer education about the hazards of raw milk and a careful review of existing policies are needed. JF - MMWR. Morbidity and mortality weekly report AU - Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) AD - Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) Y1 - 2003/07/04/ PY - 2003 DA - 2003 Jul 04 SP - 613 EP - 615 VL - 52 IS - 26 SN - 0149-2195, 0149-2195 KW - Index Medicus KW - Animals KW - Humans KW - Ohio -- epidemiology KW - Food Handling KW - Aged KW - Child KW - Disease Outbreaks KW - Sterilization KW - Child, Preschool KW - Infant KW - Illinois -- epidemiology KW - Indiana -- epidemiology KW - Tennessee -- epidemiology KW - Adult KW - Case-Control Studies KW - Middle Aged KW - Adolescent KW - Male KW - Female KW - Salmonella Food Poisoning -- etiology KW - Milk -- microbiology KW - Salmonella typhimurium -- isolation & purification KW - Salmonella Food Poisoning -- epidemiology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/73434357?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=MMWR.+Morbidity+and+mortality+weekly+report&rft.atitle=Multistate+outbreak+of+Salmonella+serotype+typhimurium+infections+associated+with+drinking+unpasteurized+milk--Illinois%2C+Indiana%2C+Ohio%2C+and+Tennessee%2C+2002-2003.&rft.au=Centers+for+Disease+Control+and+Prevention+%28CDC%29&rft.aulast=Centers+for+Disease+Control+and+Prevention+%28CDC%29&rft.aufirst=&rft.date=2003-07-04&rft.volume=52&rft.issue=26&rft.spage=613&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=MMWR.+Morbidity+and+mortality+weekly+report&rft.issn=01492195&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 2003-07-14 N1 - Date created - 2003-07-04 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Nonfatal dog bite-related injuries treated in hospital emergency departments--United States, 2001. AN - 73434306; 12844076 AB - In 1994, the most recent year for which published data are available, an estimated 4.7 million dog bites occurred in the United States, and approximately 799,700 persons required medical care. Of an estimated 333,700 patients treated for dog bites in emergency departments (EDs) in 1994, approximately 6,000 (1.8%) were hospitalized. To estimate the number of nonfatal dog bite-related injuries treated in U.S. hospital EDs, CDC analyzed data from the National Electronic Injury Surveillance System-All Injury Program (NEISS-AIP). This report summarizes the results of the analysis, which indicate that in 2001, an estimated 368,245 persons were treated in U.S. hospital EDs for nonfatal dog bite-related injuries. Injury rates were highest among children aged 5-9 years. To reduce the number of dog bite-related injuries, adults and children should be educated about bite prevention, and persons with canine pets should practice responsible pet ownership. JF - MMWR. Morbidity and mortality weekly report AU - Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) AD - Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) Y1 - 2003/07/04/ PY - 2003 DA - 2003 Jul 04 SP - 605 EP - 610 VL - 52 IS - 26 SN - 0149-2195, 0149-2195 KW - Index Medicus KW - Infant KW - Animals KW - Humans KW - Adult KW - Aged KW - Middle Aged KW - Child KW - Adolescent KW - United States -- epidemiology KW - Male KW - Female KW - Child, Preschool KW - Dogs KW - Emergency Service, Hospital -- statistics & numerical data KW - Bites and Stings -- epidemiology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/73434306?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=MMWR.+Morbidity+and+mortality+weekly+report&rft.atitle=Nonfatal+dog+bite-related+injuries+treated+in+hospital+emergency+departments--United+States%2C+2001.&rft.au=Centers+for+Disease+Control+and+Prevention+%28CDC%29&rft.aulast=Centers+for+Disease+Control+and+Prevention+%28CDC%29&rft.aufirst=&rft.date=2003-07-04&rft.volume=52&rft.issue=26&rft.spage=605&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=MMWR.+Morbidity+and+mortality+weekly+report&rft.issn=01492195&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 2003-07-14 N1 - Date created - 2003-07-04 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Genetic influences in individual susceptibility to noise: a review. AN - 85366886; pmid-14558889 AB - Individual animals and humans show differing susceptibility to noise damage even under very carefully controlled exposure conditions. This difference in susceptibility may be related to unknown genetic components. Common experimental animals (rats, guinea pigs, chinchillas, cats) are outbred-their genomes contain an admixture of many genes. Many mouse strains have been inbred over many generations reducing individual variability, making them ideal candidates for studying the genetic modulation of individual susceptibility. Erway et al. (1993) demonstrated a recessive gene associated with early presbycusis in the C57BL/6J inbred mouse. A series of studies have shown that mice homozygous for Ahl allele are more sensitive to the damaging effects of noise. Recent work has shown that mice homozygous for Ahl are not only more sensitive to noise, but also are probably damaged in a different manner by noise than mice containing the wild-type gene (Davis et al., 2001). Recent work in Noben-Trauth's lab (Di Palma et al., 2001) has shown that the wild-type Ahl gene codes for a hair cell specific cadherin. Cadherins are calcium dependent proteins that hold cells together at adherins junctions to form tissues and organs. The cadherin of interest named otocadherin or CDH23, is localized to the stereocillia of the outer hair cells. Our working hypothesis, suggests that otocadherin may form the lateral links between stereocilia described by Pickles et al (1989). Reduction of, or missing otocadherin weakens the cell and may allow stereocilia to be more easily physically damaged by loud sounds and by aging. JF - Noise & health AU - Davis, R R AU - Kozel, P AU - Erway, L C AD - Hearing Loss Prevention Section, National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, 4676 Columbia Parkway, Cincinnati, OH 45226, USA. rrd1@cdc.gov Y1 - 2003/07// PY - 2003 DA - Jul 2003 SP - 19 EP - 28 VL - 5 IS - 20 SN - 1463-1741, 1463-1741 KW - Index Medicus KW - National Library of Medicine KW - *Aging: genetics KW - Aging: physiology KW - Animals KW - *Cadherins: physiology KW - Genotype KW - *Hearing Loss, Noise-Induced: genetics KW - Humans KW - Mice KW - Molecular Biology KW - Species Specificity UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/85366886?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Acomdisdome&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Noise+%26+health&rft.atitle=Genetic+influences+in+individual+susceptibility+to+noise%3A+a+review.&rft.au=Davis%2C+R+R%3BKozel%2C+P%3BErway%2C+L+C&rft.aulast=Davis&rft.aufirst=R&rft.date=2003-07-01&rft.volume=5&rft.issue=20&rft.spage=19&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Noise+%26+health&rft.issn=14631741&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English (eng) DB - ComDisDome N1 - Date revised - 2011-12-15 N1 - Last updated - 2012-07-13 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Disease surveillance and the academic, clinical, and public health communities. AN - 73583678; 12890317 AB - The Emerging Infections Programs (EIPs), a population-based network involving 10 state health departments and the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, complement and support local, regional, and national surveillance and research efforts. EIPs depend on collaboration between public health agencies and clinical and academic institutions to perform active, population-based surveillance for infectious diseases; conduct applied epidemiologic and laboratory research; implement and evaluate pilot prevention and intervention projects; and provide capacity for flexible public health response. Recent EIP work has included monitoring the impact of a new conjugate vaccine on the epidemiology of invasive pneumococcal disease, providing the evidence base used to derive new recommendations to prevent neonatal group B streptococcal disease, measuring the impact of foodborne diseases in the United States, and developing a systematic, integrated laboratory and epidemiologic method for syndrome-based surveillance. JF - Emerging infectious diseases AU - Pinner, Robert W AU - Rebmann, Catherine A AU - Schuchat, Anne AU - Hughes, James M AD - Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia 30333, USA. rpinner@cdc.gov Y1 - 2003/07// PY - 2003 DA - July 2003 SP - 781 EP - 787 VL - 9 IS - 7 SN - 1080-6040, 1080-6040 KW - Pneumococcal Vaccines KW - 0 KW - Vaccines, Conjugate KW - Index Medicus KW - Vaccines, Conjugate -- immunology KW - Streptococcus pneumoniae KW - Food Microbiology KW - Critical Illness KW - Humans KW - Infant, Newborn KW - Communicable Disease Control KW - Pneumococcal Infections -- prevention & control KW - Pneumococcal Infections -- immunology KW - Interdisciplinary Communication KW - United States -- epidemiology KW - Pneumococcal Vaccines -- immunology KW - Pneumococcal Infections -- epidemiology KW - Communicable Diseases, Emerging -- epidemiology KW - Public Health Administration KW - Communicable Diseases, Emerging -- prevention & control KW - Population Surveillance UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/73583678?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Emerging+infectious+diseases&rft.atitle=Disease+surveillance+and+the+academic%2C+clinical%2C+and+public+health+communities.&rft.au=Pinner%2C+Robert+W%3BRebmann%2C+Catherine+A%3BSchuchat%2C+Anne%3BHughes%2C+James+M&rft.aulast=Pinner&rft.aufirst=Robert&rft.date=2003-07-01&rft.volume=9&rft.issue=7&rft.spage=781&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Emerging+infectious+diseases&rft.issn=10806040&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 2003-09-23 N1 - Date created - 2003-07-31 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - SuppNotes - Cited By: N Engl J Med. 2000 Jan 6;342(1):15-20 [10620644] N Engl J Med. 1994 Apr 7;330(14):949-55 [8121458] J Infect Dis. 2000 Apr;181(4):1388-93 [10751139] Arch Pathol Lab Med. 1996 Feb;120(2):134-9 [8712893] MMWR Morb Mortal Wkly Rep. 1996 Aug 9;45(31):665-8 [8769655] Emerg Infect Dis. 1996 Jan-Mar;2(1):47-53 [8903196] MMWR Morb Mortal Wkly Rep. 1997 Mar 28;46(12):258-61 [9087688] Emerg Infect Dis. 1999 Sep-Oct;5(5):607-25 [10511517] Arch Intern Med. 2000 May 22;160(10):1399-408 [10826451] MMWR Morb Mortal Wkly Rep. 2000 Jun 23;49(24):543-5 [10923856] Pediatrics. 2000 Oct;106(4):E56 [11015551] MMWR Recomm Rep. 2000 Oct 6;49(RR-9):1-35 [11055835] N Engl J Med. 2000 Dec 28;343(26):1917-24 [11136262] MMWR Recomm Rep. 2001 Jan 26;50(RR-2):1-69 [11214980] Emerg Infect Dis. 2001 Jan-Feb;7(1):92-9 [11266299] JAMA. 2001 Apr 4;285(13):1729-35 [11277827] Pediatrics. 2001 Nov;108(5):1094-8 [11694686] JAMA. 2002 Feb 20;287(7):898-900 [11851584] Emerg Infect Dis. 2002 Feb;8(2):145-53 [11897065] MMWR Morb Mortal Wkly Rep. 2002 Apr 19;51(15):325-9 [11990237] N Engl J Med. 2002 Jul 25;347(4):233-9 [12140298] Ann Intern Med. 2002 Aug 6;137(3):173-9 [12160365] MMWR Recomm Rep. 2002 Aug 16;51(RR-11):1-22 [12211284] Epidemiol Infect. 2002 Aug;129(1):9-17 [12211601] Pediatrics. 2002 Oct;110(4):690-5 [12359781] MMWR Morb Mortal Wkly Rep. 2002 Oct 4;51(39):884, 895 [12375691] N Engl J Med. 2003 May 1;348(18):1737-46 [12724479] Clin Infect Dis. 2000 Mar;30(3):413-8 [10722421] N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Influence of environmental zinc on the association between environmental and biological measures of lead in children. AN - 73568884; 12923557 AB - Exposure to lead, a common environmental contaminant found at hazardous waste sites, has been associated with adverse health effects to humans. Zinc, a nutritionally essential metal, may influence both the absorption and the toxicity of lead. The purpose of this study was to determine if zinc levels present in the environment affect the association between environmental lead measured in two small communities in the northeastern United States and biological measurements of lead in the residents of these communities. Soil and dust sampled in and around the homes of all participants were tested for lead and zinc. Residents aged 6 months to 14 years (n=214) provided blood samples for the determination of blood lead concentrations. Soil and dust measurements of environmental lead were positively associated with blood lead, regardless of the corresponding zinc levels in these samples. However, the magnitude of this association was 20% to 46% lower in areas with high environmental measures of zinc. The interactions between environmental lead and environmental zinc levels and blood lead concentrations suggest that zinc may influence the association between soil and dust lead and corresponding blood lead levels. JF - Journal of exposure analysis and environmental epidemiology AU - Noonan, Curtis W AU - Kathman, Steven J AU - Sarasua, Sara M AU - White, Mary C AD - Agency for Toxic Substances and Disease Registry, Division of Health Studies, Health Investigations Branch, 1600 Clifton Road, NE, Mail Stop E-31, Atlanta, Georgia 30333, USA. cnoonan@cdc.gov Y1 - 2003/07// PY - 2003 DA - July 2003 SP - 318 EP - 323 VL - 13 IS - 4 SN - 1053-4245, 1053-4245 KW - Dust KW - 0 KW - Hazardous Waste KW - Soil KW - Soil Pollutants KW - Lead KW - 2P299V784P KW - Zinc KW - J41CSQ7QDS KW - Index Medicus KW - United States KW - Dust -- analysis KW - Lead Poisoning -- blood KW - Humans KW - Child KW - Child, Preschool KW - Risk Assessment KW - Infant KW - Soil -- analysis KW - Adolescent KW - Female KW - Male KW - Zinc -- pharmacology KW - Soil Pollutants -- toxicity KW - Lead -- toxicity KW - Environmental Exposure -- analysis KW - Zinc -- blood KW - Lead -- antagonists & inhibitors KW - Environmental Exposure -- adverse effects KW - Lead -- blood KW - Environmental Monitoring -- methods KW - Soil Pollutants -- analysis UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/73568884?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+exposure+analysis+and+environmental+epidemiology&rft.atitle=Influence+of+environmental+zinc+on+the+association+between+environmental+and+biological+measures+of+lead+in+children.&rft.au=Noonan%2C+Curtis+W%3BKathman%2C+Steven+J%3BSarasua%2C+Sara+M%3BWhite%2C+Mary+C&rft.aulast=Noonan&rft.aufirst=Curtis&rft.date=2003-07-01&rft.volume=13&rft.issue=4&rft.spage=318&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+exposure+analysis+and+environmental+epidemiology&rft.issn=10534245&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 2003-12-10 N1 - Date created - 2003-08-18 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - A liquid chromatography/electrospray ionization-tandem mass spectrometry method for quantification of specific organophosphorus pesticide biomarkers in human urine. AN - 73460252; 12811448 AB - Organophosphorus pesticides are commonly used in both agricultural and residential settings. The widespread use of these chemicals makes it almost impossible for humans to avoid exposure. In order to determine background human exposure, there is a need for fast, reliable, and sensitive analytical methods. We have developed a sensitive method to quantify specific biomarkers of the organophosphorus pesticides acephate, azinphos, chlorpyrifos, coumaphos, diazinon, isazofos, malathion, methamidophos, parathion and pirimiphos or their O,O-dimethyl analogues in human urine, as their selective metabolites or as the intact pesticide. Isotopically labeled internal standards were used for eight of the analytes. The use of labeled internal standards in combination with high-performance liquid chromatography electrospray ionization-tandem mass spectrometry provided a high degree of specificity. Repeated analysis of urine samples fortified with high and low concentrations of the analytes gave relative standard deviations (RSD) of less than 10% for the analytes with an isotopically labeled standard. Analytes without isotopically labeled standards had higher RSD. For all compounds except methamidophos and acephate, the recoveries were greater than 70%. The limits of quantification for most of the analytes were in the range of 0.1 to 1 ng/mL. We detected concentrations of most of these pesticides and/or their metabolites in urine samples from non-occupationally exposed persons using our method. Our frequencies of detection for the analytes measured ranged from 1% to 98%. JF - Analytical and bioanalytical chemistry AU - Olsson, Anders O AU - Nguyen, Johnny V AU - Sadowski, Melissa A AU - Barr, Dana B AD - Division of Laboratory Sciences, National Center for Environmental Health, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, 4770 Buford Hwy N.E. MS-F17, Atlanta, Georgia 30341, USA. aolsson@cdc.gov Y1 - 2003/07// PY - 2003 DA - July 2003 SP - 808 EP - 815 VL - 376 IS - 6 SN - 1618-2642, 1618-2642 KW - Biomarkers KW - 0 KW - Organophosphorus Compounds KW - Pesticides KW - Index Medicus KW - United States KW - Sensitivity and Specificity KW - Molecular Structure KW - Humans KW - Environmental Exposure -- analysis KW - Biomarkers -- urine KW - Geography KW - Environmental Monitoring -- methods KW - Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid KW - Organophosphorus Compounds -- urine KW - Chromatography, Liquid -- methods KW - Pesticides -- urine KW - Spectrometry, Mass, Electrospray Ionization -- methods UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/73460252?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Analytical+and+bioanalytical+chemistry&rft.atitle=A+liquid+chromatography%2Felectrospray+ionization-tandem+mass+spectrometry+method+for+quantification+of+specific+organophosphorus+pesticide+biomarkers+in+human+urine.&rft.au=Olsson%2C+Anders+O%3BNguyen%2C+Johnny+V%3BSadowski%2C+Melissa+A%3BBarr%2C+Dana+B&rft.aulast=Olsson&rft.aufirst=Anders&rft.date=2003-07-01&rft.volume=376&rft.issue=6&rft.spage=808&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Analytical+and+bioanalytical+chemistry&rft.issn=16182642&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 2003-12-17 N1 - Date created - 2003-07-15 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Factors associated with severity of injury resulting from acute releases of hazardous substances in the manufacturing industry. AN - 73455175; 12855914 AB - Data from the Hazardous Substances Emergency Events Surveillance system was used to identify factors associated with the severity of injuries of victims (an ordinal outcome variable) harmed in acute chemical release events in the manufacturing industry. We used proportional odds models to account for the order of severity in the outcome, with the general estimation equation. There were 659 events involving 2826 victims. More severe injuries were associated with explosion (adjusted OR aOR = 6.45), multiple chemicals (aOR = 1.75), multiple chemical categories (aOR = 1.70), the chemical group acids (aOR = 1.6), multiple injuries to an individual (aOR = 1.38-1.56) (ranges represent several models), confinement within a structure in a fixed facility (aOR = 1.76-1.90), and being located in the midwest region (aOR = 1.76-1.90). The summer was less likely than all other seasons to be associated with more severe outcome. The results provide information beneficial for preventive activities. JF - Journal of occupational and environmental medicine AU - Berkowitz, Zahava AU - Barnhart, Huiman X AU - Kaye, Wendy E AD - Agency for Toxic Substances and Disease Registry, Division of Health Studies, Epidemiology and Surveillance Branch, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, 1600 Clifton Road, MS E-31, Atlanta, GA 30333, USA. zah3@cdc.com Y1 - 2003/07// PY - 2003 DA - July 2003 SP - 734 EP - 742 VL - 45 IS - 7 SN - 1076-2752, 1076-2752 KW - Hazardous Substances KW - 0 KW - Index Medicus KW - Severity of Illness Index KW - Humans KW - United States -- epidemiology KW - Occupational Exposure -- statistics & numerical data KW - Wounds and Injuries -- physiopathology KW - Wounds and Injuries -- epidemiology KW - Extraction and Processing Industry -- manpower KW - Wounds and Injuries -- chemically induced KW - Occupational Exposure -- adverse effects KW - Hazardous Substances -- toxicity UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/73455175?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+occupational+and+environmental+medicine&rft.atitle=Factors+associated+with+severity+of+injury+resulting+from+acute+releases+of+hazardous+substances+in+the+manufacturing+industry.&rft.au=Berkowitz%2C+Zahava%3BBarnhart%2C+Huiman+X%3BKaye%2C+Wendy+E&rft.aulast=Berkowitz&rft.aufirst=Zahava&rft.date=2003-07-01&rft.volume=45&rft.issue=7&rft.spage=734&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+occupational+and+environmental+medicine&rft.issn=10762752&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 2003-11-25 N1 - Date created - 2003-07-11 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Skin as a route of exposure and sensitization in chronic beryllium disease. AN - 73436115; 12842774 AB - Chronic beryllium disease is an occupational lung disease that begins as a cell-mediated immune response to beryllium. Although respiratory and engineering controls have significantly decreased occupational beryllium exposures over the last decade, the rate of beryllium sensitization has not declined. We hypothesized that skin exposure to beryllium particles would provide an alternative route for sensitization to this metal. We employed optical scanning laser confocal microscopy and size-selected fluorospheres to demonstrate that 0.5- and 1.0- micro m particles, in conjunction with motion, as at the wrist, penetrate the stratum corneum of human skin and reach the epidermis and, occasionally, the dermis. The cutaneous immune response to chemical sensitizers is initiated in the skin, matures in the local lymph node (LN), and releases hapten-specific T cells into the peripheral blood. Topical application of beryllium to C3H mice generated beryllium-specific sensitization that was documented by peripheral blood and LN beryllium lymphocyte proliferation tests (BeLPT) and by changes in LN T-cell activation markers, increased expression of CD44, and decreased CD62L. In a sensitization-challenge treatment paradigm, epicutaneous beryllium increased murine ear thickness following chemical challenge. These data are consistent with development of a hapten-specific, cell-mediated immune response following topical application of beryllium and suggest a mechanistic link between the persistent rate of beryllium worker sensitization and skin exposure to fine and ultrafine beryllium particles. JF - Environmental health perspectives AU - Tinkle, Sally S AU - Antonini, James M AU - Rich, Brenda A AU - Roberts, Jenny R AU - Salmen, Rebecca AU - DePree, Karyn AU - Adkins, Eric J AD - Toxicology and Molecular Biology Branch, Health Effects Laboratory Division, National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, Morgantown, West Virginia 26505, USA. sft3@cdc.gov Y1 - 2003/07// PY - 2003 DA - July 2003 SP - 1202 EP - 1208 VL - 111 IS - 9 SN - 0091-6765, 0091-6765 KW - Antigens, CD44 KW - 0 KW - Beryllium KW - OW5102UV6N KW - Index Medicus KW - Lymphocyte Activation KW - Permeability KW - Antigens, CD44 -- biosynthesis KW - Animals KW - Culture Techniques KW - Skin Physiological Phenomena KW - Particle Size KW - Humans KW - Mice, Inbred C3H KW - Mice KW - Immunization KW - Administration, Topical KW - Occupational Exposure KW - Berylliosis -- immunology KW - Berylliosis -- physiopathology KW - Beryllium -- administration & dosage KW - Environmental Exposure KW - Beryllium -- toxicity UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/73436115?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Environmental+health+perspectives&rft.atitle=Skin+as+a+route+of+exposure+and+sensitization+in+chronic+beryllium+disease.&rft.au=Tinkle%2C+Sally+S%3BAntonini%2C+James+M%3BRich%2C+Brenda+A%3BRoberts%2C+Jenny+R%3BSalmen%2C+Rebecca%3BDePree%2C+Karyn%3BAdkins%2C+Eric+J&rft.aulast=Tinkle&rft.aufirst=Sally&rft.date=2003-07-01&rft.volume=111&rft.issue=9&rft.spage=1202&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Environmental+health+perspectives&rft.issn=00916765&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 2003-12-02 N1 - Date created - 2003-07-08 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - SuppNotes - Cited By: J Occup Environ Med. 2000 Jan;42(1):8-18 [10652683] J Occup Environ Med. 2001 Mar;43(3):231-7 [11285871] Int Arch Occup Environ Health. 2001 Apr;74(3):167-76 [11355290] Lab Invest. 1992 Jul;67(1):138-46 [1625444] J Occup Med. 1993 Mar;35(3):267-74 [8455096] J Exp Med. 1993 Aug 1;178(2):509-19 [8393477] Science. 1993 Oct 8;262(5131):242-4 [8105536] Am Rev Respir Dis. 1993 Oct;148(4 Pt 1):985-91 [8214955] Pediatrics. 1995 Oct;96(4 Pt 1):688-92 [7567331] Am J Ind Med. 1996 Jul;30(1):16-25 [8837677] Australas J Dermatol. 1996 Nov;37(4):185-7 [8961584] J Occup Environ Med. 1997 Jun;39(6):540-7 [9211212] Occup Environ Med. 1997 Aug;54(8):605-12 [9326165] Arch Dermatol Res. 1997 Aug;289(9):514-8 [9341971] Skin Pharmacol. 1997;10(5-6):235-46 [9449162] Pharm Res. 1998 Jan;15(1):82-4 [9487551] Toxicol Sci. 1998 Mar;42(1):36-48 [9538046] Acta Derm Venereol. 1998 May;78(3):186-9 [9602223] J Immunol. 1999 Aug 1;163(3):1647-53 [10415070] Skin Pharmacol Appl Skin Physiol. 1999 Sep-Oct;12(5):247-56 [10461093] Am Ind Hyg Assoc J. 1972 Jan;33(1):45-52 [5044011] Appl Occup Environ Hyg. 2001 May;16(5):631-8 [11370941] Skin Pharmacol Appl Skin Physiol. 2001;14 Suppl 1:17-22 [11509902] Toxicology. 2001 Aug 13;165(1):27-38 [11551429] Health Phys. 2002 Feb;82(2):226-32 [11803950] J Immunol. 2002 Apr 1;168(7):3627-34 [11907128] Gig Tr Prof Zabol. 1965 Nov;9(11):20-5 [5874791] J Occup Med. 1969 Apr;11(4):175-83 [5769709] Int Arch Allergy Appl Immunol. 1974;46(2):161-71 [4206346] Trans N Y Acad Sci. 1974 Jan;36(1):78-93 [4533844] Environ Res. 1982 Feb;27(1):79-88 [7040071] Ann Intern Med. 1982 Aug;97(2):213-6 [7103279] Ann Intern Med. 1988 May;108(5):687-93 [3282464] Immunology. 1988 Jun;64(2):341-4 [3391648] Trop Geogr Med. 1988 Oct;40(4):359-64 [3227560] N Engl J Med. 1989 Apr 27;320(17):1103-9 [2469014] Am Rev Respir Dis. 1989 Jun;139(6):1479-86 [2729754] Ann Trop Med Parasitol. 1989 Aug;83(4):381-5 [2604475] Am J Infect Control. 1990 Jun;18(3):194-200 [2363539] Food Chem Toxicol. 1991 Feb;29(2):125-9 [2010142] N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Inhalation exposure of rats to asphalt fumes generated at paving temperatures alters pulmonary xenobiotic metabolism pathways without lung injury. AN - 73432351; 12842776 AB - Asphalt fumes are complex mixtures of various organic compounds, including polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs). PAHs require bioactivation by the cytochrome P-450 monooxygenase system to exert toxic/carcinogenic effects. The present study was carried out to characterize the acute pulmonary inflammatory responses and the alterations of pulmonary xenobiotic pathways in rats exposed to asphalt fumes by inhalation. Rats were exposed at various doses and time periods to air or to asphalt fumes generated at paving temperatures. To assess the acute damage and inflammatory responses, differential cell counts, acellular lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) activity, and protein content of bronchoalveolar lavage fluid were determined. Alveolar macrophage (AM) function was assessed by monitoring generation of chemiluminescence and production of tumor necrosis factor-alpha and interleukin-1. Alteration of pulmonary xenobiotic pathways was determined by monitoring the protein levels and activities of P-450 isozymes (CYP1A1 and CYP2B1), glutathioneS-transferase (GST), and NADPH:quinone oxidoreductase (QR). The results show that acute asphalt fume exposure did not cause neutrophil infiltration, alter LDH activity or protein content, or affect AM function, suggesting that short-term asphalt fume exposure did not induce acute lung damage or inflammation. However, acute asphalt fume exposure significantly increased the activity and protein level of CYP1A1 whereas it markedly reduced the activity and protein level of CYP2B1 in the lung. The induction of CYP1A1 was localized in nonciliated bronchiolar epithelial (Clara) cells, alveolar septa, and endothelial cells by immunofluorescence microscopy. Cytosolic QR activity was significantly elevated after asphalt fume exposure, whereas GST activity was not affected by the exposure. This induction of CYP1A1 and QR with the concomitant down-regulation of CYP2B1 after asphalt fume exposure could alter PAH metabolism and may lead to potential toxic effects in the lung. JF - Environmental health perspectives AU - Ma, Jane Y C AU - Rengasamy, Apavoo AU - Frazer, Dave AU - Barger, Mark W AU - Hubbs, Ann F AU - Battelli, Lori AU - Tomblyn, Seith AU - Stone, Samuel AU - Castranova, Vince AD - Health Effects Laboratory Division, National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, Morgantown, West Virginia 26505-2888, USA. jym1@cdc.gov Y1 - 2003/07// PY - 2003 DA - July 2003 SP - 1215 EP - 1221 VL - 111 IS - 9 SN - 0091-6765, 0091-6765 KW - Hydrocarbons KW - 0 KW - Interleukin-1 KW - Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons KW - Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha KW - Xenobiotics KW - asphalt KW - 8052-42-4 KW - Cytochrome P-450 CYP1A1 KW - EC 1.14.14.1 KW - Cytochrome P-450 CYP2B1 KW - NAD(P)H Dehydrogenase (Quinone) KW - EC 1.6.5.2 KW - Glutathione Transferase KW - EC 2.5.1.18 KW - Index Medicus KW - NAD(P)H Dehydrogenase (Quinone) -- pharmacology KW - Animals KW - Interleukin-1 -- biosynthesis KW - NAD(P)H Dehydrogenase (Quinone) -- biosynthesis KW - Cytochrome P-450 CYP1A1 -- pharmacology KW - Glutathione Transferase -- pharmacology KW - Xenobiotics -- metabolism KW - Temperature KW - Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha -- biosynthesis KW - Macrophages, Alveolar -- drug effects KW - Macrophages, Alveolar -- physiology KW - Cytochrome P-450 CYP1A1 -- biosynthesis KW - Inflammation KW - Rats KW - Cytochrome P-450 CYP2B1 -- biosynthesis KW - Rats, Sprague-Dawley KW - Cytochrome P-450 CYP2B1 -- pharmacology KW - Glutathione Transferase -- biosynthesis KW - Enzyme Induction KW - Female KW - Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons -- toxicity KW - Occupational Exposure KW - Lung -- immunology KW - Hydrocarbons -- chemistry KW - Inhalation Exposure KW - Lung -- drug effects KW - Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons -- pharmacology KW - Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons -- metabolism KW - Lung -- pathology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/73432351?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Environmental+health+perspectives&rft.atitle=Inhalation+exposure+of+rats+to+asphalt+fumes+generated+at+paving+temperatures+alters+pulmonary+xenobiotic+metabolism+pathways+without+lung+injury.&rft.au=Ma%2C+Jane+Y+C%3BRengasamy%2C+Apavoo%3BFrazer%2C+Dave%3BBarger%2C+Mark+W%3BHubbs%2C+Ann+F%3BBattelli%2C+Lori%3BTomblyn%2C+Seith%3BStone%2C+Samuel%3BCastranova%2C+Vince&rft.aulast=Ma&rft.aufirst=Jane+Y&rft.date=2003-07-01&rft.volume=111&rft.issue=9&rft.spage=1215&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Environmental+health+perspectives&rft.issn=00916765&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 2003-12-02 N1 - Date created - 2003-07-08 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - SuppNotes - Cited By: Arch Toxicol. 2000 Oct;74(8):452-9 [11097382] Biochemistry. 1982 Mar 30;21(7):1698-706 [7044420] Environ Health Perspect. 2001 Aug;109 Suppl 4:609-12 [11544172] J Toxicol Environ Health A. 2002 Sep 13;65(17):1247-60 [12167208] J Biol Chem. 1974 Nov 25;249(22):7130-9 [4436300] J Pharmacol Exp Ther. 1980 Sep;214(3):478-82 [7190605] Exp Mol Pathol. 1982 Dec;37(3):358-69 [7151981] Biochem Pharmacol. 1985 Sep 15;34(18):3337-45 [3929792] Cancer Res. 1987 Apr 1;47(7):1878-82 [3545456] Int Arch Occup Environ Health. 1987;59(4):393-402 [3610339] Biochem Pharmacol. 1987 Oct 15;36(20):3393-8 [3675601] Am J Ind Med. 1988;13(3):363-79 [3354585] Environ Health Perspect. 1990 Apr;85:95-100 [2384072] IARC Sci Publ. 1990;(104):288-97 [1699890] Am J Ind Med. 1991;20(6):737-44 [1805611] Toxicology. 1992;73(2):147-60 [1609425] Exp Lung Res. 1992 Sep-Oct;18(5):715-29 [1396414] Adv Enzyme Regul. 1993;33:281-96 [8356913] Toxicol Appl Pharmacol. 1993 Oct;122(2):208-13 [8212003] Fundam Appl Toxicol. 1993 Nov;21(4):492-9 [8253302] Biochem Pharmacol. 1994 Aug 3;48(3):439-44 [8068030] Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1994 Aug 30;91(18):8413-7 [8078896] Am J Ind Med. 1994 Dec;26(6):721-40 [7892824] J Toxicol Environ Health. 1996 Aug 9;48(5):501-14 [8751837] Int Arch Occup Environ Health. 1996;68(3):141-6 [8919840] Exp Lung Res. 1997 May-Jun;23(3):269-84 [9184793] Am J Respir Cell Mol Biol. 1997 Jul;17(1):114-24 [9224217] J Expo Anal Environ Epidemiol. 1998 Apr-Jun;8(2):213-29 [9577752] Mutat Res. 1998 Nov 9;419(1-3):123-30 [9804920] Toxicol Appl Pharmacol. 1999 May 1;156(3):231-40 [10222315] Scand J Work Environ Health. 1999 Apr;25(2):131-6 [10360468] Scand J Work Environ Health. 1999 Jun;25(3):186-206 [10450769] Cancer Causes Control. 1997 May;8(3):444-72 [9498904] Cancer Detect Prev. 1999;23(6):445-53 [10571654] J Toxicol Environ Health A. 1999 Nov 12;58(5):261-78 [10598952] Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1980 Sep;77(9):5216-20 [6933553] Carcinogenesis. 1982;3(2):129-33 [6279326] Anal Chem. 2001 Aug 1;73(15):3691-700 [11510836] N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - International environmental health for the pediatrician: case study of lead poisoning. AN - 73421068; 12837919 AB - Childhood lead poisoning is a preventable illness. In the past 3 decades, removal of key lead sources and prevention of exposure in the United States have led to dramatic decreases in population blood lead concentrations and also in instances of severe lead poisoning requiring treatment. From an international perspective, childhood lead poisoning seems to be of greatest concern in developing countries. The phasing out of lead from gasoline is a critical first step in decreasing worldwide blood lead concentrations. However, many focal sources that can cause lead poisoning remain, such as lead from flour mills, lead-glazed ceramics, mining and smelting, and battery repair and recycling. A large and diverse country, such as India, may have many sources of lead. The challenge will be for developing countries to implement effective national and regional efforts to address their specific sources of lead. JF - Pediatrics AU - Falk, Henry AD - Agency for Toxic Substances and Disease Registry, US Department of Health and Human Services, Atlanta, Georgia 30341, USA. hxf1@cdc.gov Y1 - 2003/07// PY - 2003 DA - July 2003 SP - 259 EP - 264 VL - 112 IS - 1 Pt 2 KW - Environmental Pollutants KW - 0 KW - Gasoline KW - Lead KW - 2P299V784P KW - Abridged Index Medicus KW - Index Medicus KW - United States KW - Humans KW - Paint KW - Child KW - Lead -- blood KW - India KW - Environmental Health KW - Lead Poisoning UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/73421068?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Pediatrics&rft.atitle=International+environmental+health+for+the+pediatrician%3A+case+study+of+lead+poisoning.&rft.au=Falk%2C+Henry&rft.aulast=Falk&rft.aufirst=Henry&rft.date=2003-07-01&rft.volume=112&rft.issue=1+Pt+2&rft.spage=259&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Pediatrics&rft.issn=1098-4275&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 2003-08-14 N1 - Date created - 2003-07-02 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Chemical Exposure as a Risk Factor for Hearing Loss AN - 19161524; 5761492 AB - In 2002, the National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health and the National Hearing Conservation Association cosponsored the "Best Practices Workshop: Combined Effects of Chemicals and Noise on Hearing." This article summarizes the main results of the Workshop. Its goals were to review the knowledge of chemical ototoxicity and to stimulate participant discussion on how to address this risk. Speakers provided an overview of the effects of chemicals on the auditory system (http://www.cdc.gov/niosh/noise/noiseandchem/noiseandchem.html). Research priorities were discussed in concurrent working group sessions. The Workshop concluded with a panel of the groups' facilitators reporting on these sessions. The following key issues were identified: rationale and proposal of a list of priority chemicals; valid procedures for exposure (animal studies), exposure assessment, and audiological testing; need for mechanistic research and a Response Level; recommendations for preventive actions; and information dissemination. JF - Journal of Occupational and Environmental Medicine AU - Morata, T C AD - National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health/C27, 4676 Columbia Parkway, Cincinnati, OH 45226, USA, tmorata@cdc.gov Y1 - 2003/07// PY - 2003 DA - Jul 2003 SP - 676 EP - 682 VL - 45 IS - 7 SN - 1076-2752, 1076-2752 KW - man KW - ototoxicity KW - Toxicology Abstracts; Risk Abstracts; Health & Safety Science Abstracts KW - Chemicals KW - Xenobiotics KW - Hearing loss KW - Reviews KW - Occupational exposure KW - R2 23080:Industrial and labor KW - X 24250:Reviews KW - H 1000:Occupational Safety and Health UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/19161524?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Ariskabstracts&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Occupational+and+Environmental+Medicine&rft.atitle=Chemical+Exposure+as+a+Risk+Factor+for+Hearing+Loss&rft.au=Morata%2C+T+C&rft.aulast=Morata&rft.aufirst=T&rft.date=2003-07-01&rft.volume=45&rft.issue=7&rft.spage=676&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+Occupational+and+Environmental+Medicine&rft.issn=10762752&rft_id=info:doi/10.1097%2F01.jom.0000071507.96740.70 LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Chemicals; Occupational exposure; Hearing loss; Reviews; Xenobiotics DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/01.jom.0000071507.96740.70 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Variability of Freezing Levels, Melting Season Indicators, and Snow Cover for Selected High-Elevation and Continental Regions in the Last 50 Years AN - 18926461; 5664395 AB - We have used NCEP/NCAR Reanalysis data and a Northern Hemisphere snow cover data set to analyze changes in freezing level heights and snow cover for the past three to five decades. All the major continental mountain chains exhibit upward shifts in the height of the freezing level surface. The pattern of these changes is generally consistent with changes in snow cover, both over the course of the year and spatially. We examined different free-air temperature parameters (dry bulb temperature, virtual temperature, and 700-500 hPa thickness) using the Reanalysis grid point values located over the different mountain areas as defined in this study. The different trend values were in reasonably good agreement with each other, particularly over the second half of the record. Freezing level changes in the American Cordillera are strongly modulated by the El Nino/Southern Oscillation (ENSO) phenomenon and the freezing level heights (FLH) respond to both interannual and decadal-scale change in tropical Pacific sea surface temperature (SST). The similar to 0.5 degree C increase in SST recorded in the tropical Pacific since the 1950s accounts for approximately half of the increase in FLH in tropical and subtropical latitudes of the Cordilleran region during that same time. JF - Climatic Change AU - Diaz, H F AU - Eischeid, J K AU - Duncan, C AU - Bradley, R S AD - Climate Diagnostics Center, NOAA, 325 Broadway, Boulder, CO 80305, U.S.A., hfd@cdc.noaa.gov Y1 - 2003/07// PY - 2003 DA - July 2003 SP - 33 EP - 52 PB - Kluwer Academic Publishers VL - 59 IS - 1-2 SN - 0165-0009, 0165-0009 KW - Water Resources Abstracts; Meteorological & Geoastrophysical Abstracts KW - North America KW - El Nino-Southern Oscillation event KW - Interdecadal variability KW - Northern Hemisphere KW - Snow cover KW - Sea surface temperatures KW - Freezing level heights KW - Data reanalysis KW - M2 551.578.46:Snow cover (including depth, temperature and density) KW - M2 551.588.16:Influence of sea surface temperature and currents on climate UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/18926461?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Awaterresources&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Climatic+Change&rft.atitle=Variability+of+Freezing+Levels%2C+Melting+Season+Indicators%2C+and+Snow+Cover+for+Selected+High-Elevation+and+Continental+Regions+in+the+Last+50+Years&rft.au=Diaz%2C+H+F%3BEischeid%2C+J+K%3BDuncan%2C+C%3BBradley%2C+R+S&rft.aulast=Diaz&rft.aufirst=H&rft.date=2003-07-01&rft.volume=59&rft.issue=1-2&rft.spage=33&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Climatic+Change&rft.issn=01650009&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Last updated - 2016-12-21 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - El Nino-Southern Oscillation event; Interdecadal variability; Sea surface temperatures; Snow cover; Data reanalysis; Freezing level heights; North America; Northern Hemisphere ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Spatial and Temporal Variation in Kinship Among Anopheles gambiae (Diptera: Culicidae) Mosquitoes AN - 18868943; 5694594 AB - Genetic relatedness (kinship) among Anopheles gambiae Giles female mosquitoes was assessed using microsatellite loci in five locations across Africa and in nine samples taken between 1994 and 1999 in western Kenya. We assessed variation among samples in kinship as well as the effect of distance on kinship. Relatedness within populations was low, and differences among samples taken at various times from one locale and from different locales were minimal. Mosquitoes collected from the same compound were slightly more closely related than those collected from different compounds. Our results suggest that newly emerged female siblings move relatively short distances into a few nearby compounds for blood feeding, but that they lay eggs in a more distant location. Kinship decreased nonlinearly with increasing distance. The strongest relationship between kinship and distance was observed for mosquitoes collected 0-3 km apart (-0.014/km, P < 0.001). The effect of distance decreased with increasing distance between mosquitoes; at 7 km or more, the kinship/distance slope approached zero and the intercept became negative, suggesting that beyond this range kinship does not decline with distance. This distance may thus represent the upper limit of the diameter of the basic reproductive unit. Nevertheless, the effect of distance on kinship is weak, reflecting extensive dispersal. Because females mate within days after emergence from larval habitats, where the likelihood of mating with a sibling is presumably highest, we propose a slight inbreeding effect. JF - Journal of Medical Entomology AU - Lehmann, T AU - Licht, M AU - Gimnig, JE AU - Hightower, A AU - Vulule, J M AU - Hawley, WA Y1 - 2003/07// PY - 2003 DA - July 2003 SP - 421 EP - 429 PB - Entomological Society of America VL - 40 IS - 4 SN - 0022-2585, 0022-2585 KW - Diptera KW - Kinship KW - Mosquitoes KW - Siblings KW - kinship KW - ASFA 3: Aquatic Pollution & Environmental Quality; ASFA 1: Biological Sciences & Living Resources; Genetics Abstracts; Entomology Abstracts KW - Anopheles dispersal KW - genetic-relatedness malaria KW - population structure KW - Biological vectors KW - Protozoan diseases KW - Microsatellites KW - Culicidae KW - Malaria KW - Anopheles gambiae KW - Kin recognition KW - Public health KW - Genetic relationship KW - Mating KW - Genetics KW - Population genetics KW - Kenya KW - Inbreeding KW - Aquatic insects KW - Z 05219:Population genetics KW - G 07366:Insects/arachnids KW - Q1 08484:Species interactions: parasites and diseases KW - Q5 08524:Public health, medicines, dangerous organisms KW - Q1 08305:Genetics and evolution UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/18868943?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aasfaaquaticpollution&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Medical+Entomology&rft.atitle=Spatial+and+Temporal+Variation+in+Kinship+Among+Anopheles+gambiae+%28Diptera%3A+Culicidae%29+Mosquitoes&rft.au=Lehmann%2C+T%3BLicht%2C+M%3BGimnig%2C+JE%3BHightower%2C+A%3BVulule%2C+J+M%3BHawley%2C+WA&rft.aulast=Lehmann&rft.aufirst=T&rft.date=2003-07-01&rft.volume=40&rft.issue=4&rft.spage=421&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+Medical+Entomology&rft.issn=00222585&rft_id=info:doi/10.1043%2F0022-2585%282003%29040%280421%3ASATVIK%292.0.CO%3B2 LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Last updated - 2016-05-27 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Biological vectors; Population genetics; Genetics; Protozoan diseases; Malaria; Inbreeding; Aquatic insects; Public health; Genetic relationship; Mating; Microsatellites; Kin recognition; Culicidae; Anopheles gambiae; Kenya DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1043/0022-2585(2003)040(0421:SATVIK)2.0.CO;2 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Extensive transmission of Mycobacterium tuberculosis among congregated, HIV-infected prison inmates in South Carolina, United States AN - 18861200; 5692602 AB - In August 1999, a prison inmate infected with the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) was diagnosed with pulmonary tuberculosis (TB). This source patient lived in a prison dormitory housing over 300 HIV-infected men, and was symptomatic for at least 2 months prior to diagnosis. We report a large outbreak of TB in HIV-infected prison inmates with subsequent transmission of Mycobacterium tuberculosis outside the prison. Exposed inmates were screened by symptom review, chest radiograph and tuberculin skin test (TST) in September and December 1999. We recorded CD4 cell counts, viral loads and receipt of highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART). The source patient lived on the right side of a two-sided dormitory exclusively housing HIV-infected men. Of 114 men tested from the right side, 75 (66%) had documented TST conversions. Of 96 converters overall, 82 (85%) had TSTs measuring greater than or equal to 15 mm. Within 6 months of diagnosis of TB in the source patient, 30 additional inmates and a healthcare worker who cared for the source patient developed TB disease. Two other inmates developed TB disease in spring of 2001. We describe extensive transmission of M. tuberculosis in a group of HIV-infected prison inmates with high TST conversion rates and subsequent transmission in the community. In settings where HIV-infected persons are congregated, the consequences of TB outbreaks are magnified. JF - International Journal of Tuberculosis and Lung Disease AU - McLaughlin, SI AU - Spradling, R AU - Drociuk, D AU - Ridzon, R AU - Pozsik, C J AU - Onorato, I AD - National Immunization Program, Global Immunization Division, Centers for Disease Control, 1600 Clifton Rd NE MS E-05, Atlanta, GA 30333, USA, SWM4@cdc.gov Y1 - 2003/07// PY - 2003 DA - Jul 2003 SP - 665 EP - 672 VL - 7 IS - 7 SN - 1027-3719, 1027-3719 KW - CD4 antigen KW - HIV KW - case reports KW - highly active antiretroviral therapy KW - Virology & AIDS Abstracts; Microbiology Abstracts B: Bacteriology KW - V 22005:AIDS: Epidemiological aspects KW - J 02845:Ear, nose and respiratory tract UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/18861200?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologyb&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=International+Journal+of+Tuberculosis+and+Lung+Disease&rft.atitle=Extensive+transmission+of+Mycobacterium+tuberculosis+among+congregated%2C+HIV-infected+prison+inmates+in+South+Carolina%2C+United+States&rft.au=McLaughlin%2C+SI%3BSpradling%2C+R%3BDrociuk%2C+D%3BRidzon%2C+R%3BPozsik%2C+C+J%3BOnorato%2C+I&rft.aulast=McLaughlin&rft.aufirst=SI&rft.date=2003-07-01&rft.volume=7&rft.issue=7&rft.spage=665&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=International+Journal+of+Tuberculosis+and+Lung+Disease&rft.issn=10273719&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Job Stress Among Female Flight Attendants AN - 18846221; 5761495 AB - We evaluated the presence of chronic job stressors among flight attendants (FAs) to examine the relationships between these job stressors and psychological distress and job dissatisfaction. Seventy-three female FAs (90% participation) employed at two commercial airlines completed a detailed questionnaire. Standard questions and scale measures were used to assess job stressors, psychological distress, and job dissatisfaction. The association between job stressors and these outcomes was evaluated using multiple regression analysis. Except for fatigue, distress and job dissatisfaction were moderate to low. Job stressors were found to have a substantive effect on these outcomes, following adjustment for individual factors. Despite moderate-to-low levels of distress and dissatisfaction, targeted efforts to reduce selected job stressors and to enhance social support may be important steps toward improving the well-being and satisfaction of FAs. JF - Journal of Occupational and Environmental Medicine AU - MacDonald, LA AU - Deddens, JA AU - Grajewski, BA AU - Whelan, E A AU - Hurrell, J J AD - Research Ergonomist, Industrywide Studies Branch, Division of Surveillance, Hazard Evaluations and Field Studies, 4676 Columbia Parkway, MS R-15, Cincinnati, OH 45226-1998, USA, lmacdonald@cdc.gov Y1 - 2003/07// PY - 2003 DA - Jul 2003 SP - 703 EP - 714 VL - 45 IS - 7 SN - 1076-2752, 1076-2752 KW - flight attendants KW - working conditions KW - Health & Safety Science Abstracts KW - H 1000:Occupational Safety and Health UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/18846221?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Ahealthsafetyabstracts&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Occupational+and+Environmental+Medicine&rft.atitle=Job+Stress+Among+Female+Flight+Attendants&rft.au=MacDonald%2C+LA%3BDeddens%2C+JA%3BGrajewski%2C+BA%3BWhelan%2C+E+A%3BHurrell%2C+J+J&rft.aulast=MacDonald&rft.aufirst=LA&rft.date=2003-07-01&rft.volume=45&rft.issue=7&rft.spage=703&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+Occupational+and+Environmental+Medicine&rft.issn=10762752&rft_id=info:doi/10.1097%2F01.jom.0000071509.96740.dd LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/01.jom.0000071509.96740.dd ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Evaluation of the NCCLS Extended-Spectrum beta -Lactamase Confirmation Methods for Escherichia coli with Isolates Collected during Project ICARE AN - 18811633; 5684756 AB - To determine whether confirmatory tests for extended-spectrum beta -lactamase (ESBL) production in Escherichia coli are necessary, we selected 131 E. coli isolates that met the National Committee for Clinical Laboratory Standards (NCCLS) screening criteria for potential ESBL production from the Project ICARE (Intensive Care Antimicrobial Resistance Epidemiology) strain collection. For all 131 isolates, the broth microdilution (BMD) MIC of at least one extended- spectrum cephalosporin was => 2 mu g/ml. For 21 of 131 (16%) isolates, the ESBL confirmatory test was positive; i.e., the BMD MICs of ceftazidime or cefotaxime decreased by => 3 doubling dilutions in the presence of clavulanic acid (CA) or the disk diffusion zone diameters increased by => 5 mm around ceftazidime or cefotaxime disks in the presence of CA. All 21 isolates were shown by PCR to contain at least one of the genes bla sub(TEM), bla sub(SHV), and bla sub(OXA), and in isoelectric focusing (IEF) tests, all isolates demonstrated at least one beta -lactamase band consistent with a TEM, SHV, or OXA enzyme. Of the 21 isolates, 3 showed a CA effect for cefotaxime by BMD but not by disk diffusion testing. A total of 59 (45%) of the 131 isolates demonstrated decreased susceptibility to cefpodoxime alone (MIC = 2 to 4 mu g/ml), and none had a positive ESBL confirmatory test result. These were classified as false positives according to ESBL screen test results. For the remaining 51 (39%) isolates, the cefpodoxime MICs ranged from 16 to >128 mu g/ml and the MICs for the other extended-spectrum cephalosporins were highly variable. All 51 isolates gave negative ESBL confirmatory test results. Most showed IEF profiles consistent with production of both a TEM and an AmpC beta -lactamase, and representative isolates of several phenotypic groups showed changes in porin profiles; these 51 isolates were considered true negatives. In all, only 16% of 131 E. coli isolates identified as potential ESBL producers by the current NCCLS screening criteria were confirmed as ESBL producers. Thus, changing the interpretation of extended-spectrum cephalosporins and aztreonam results from the susceptible to the resistant category without confirming the presence of an ESBL phenotype would lead to a large percentage of false resistance results and is not recommended. However, by increasing the cefpodoxime MIC screening breakpoint to => 8 mu g/ml, 45% of the false-positive results could be eliminated. NCCLS has incorporated this change in the cefpodoxime screening breakpoint in its recent documents. JF - Journal of Clinical Microbiology AU - Tenover, F C AU - Raney, P M AU - Williams, P P AU - Rasheed, J K AU - Biddle, J W AU - Oliver, A AU - Fridkin, S K AU - Jevitt, L AU - McGowan, JE Jr AD - Division of Healthcare Quality Promotion (G-08), Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, 1600 Clifton Rd., Atlanta, GA 30333, fnt1@cdc.gov Y1 - 2003/07// PY - 2003 DA - Jul 2003 SP - 3142 EP - 3146 PB - American Society for Microbiology, 1752 N Street N.W. Washington, DC 20036 USA, [URL:http://www.asm.org/] VL - 41 IS - 7 SN - 0095-1137, 0095-1137 KW - Project ICARE KW - Microbiology Abstracts B: Bacteriology KW - J 02785:Beta-lactam antibiotics UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/18811633?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologyb&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Clinical+Microbiology&rft.atitle=Evaluation+of+the+NCCLS+Extended-Spectrum+beta+-Lactamase+Confirmation+Methods+for+Escherichia+coli+with+Isolates+Collected+during+Project+ICARE&rft.au=Tenover%2C+F+C%3BRaney%2C+P+M%3BWilliams%2C+P+P%3BRasheed%2C+J+K%3BBiddle%2C+J+W%3BOliver%2C+A%3BFridkin%2C+S+K%3BJevitt%2C+L%3BMcGowan%2C+JE+Jr&rft.aulast=Tenover&rft.aufirst=F&rft.date=2003-07-01&rft.volume=41&rft.issue=7&rft.spage=3142&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+Clinical+Microbiology&rft.issn=00951137&rft_id=info:doi/10.1128%2FJCM.41.7.3142-3146.2003 LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/JCM.41.7.3142-3146.2003 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Inability of outer-surface protein C (OspC)-primed mice to elicit a protective anamnestic immune response to a tick-transmitted challenge of Borrelia burgdorferi AN - 18808095; 5687815 AB - A one-inoculation regimen of recombinant outer-surface protein C (OspC), which has been demonstrated to elicit protective immunity against a tick-borne challenge of Borrelia burgdorferi, was administered to outbred mice. Following seroconversion, the serum antibody titre against OspC was allowed to wane with time until there was little or no detection of anti-OspC antibodies by immunoblot. The mice were then challenged with an infectious dose of B. burgdorferi by tick transmission. Eleven of 12 OspC-primed mice subsequently became infected by B. burgdorferi, demonstrating that a protective anamnestic response was not generated in these mice following the introduction of infectious OspC-expressing spirochaetes. JF - Journal of Medical Microbiology AU - Gilmore, RD Jr AU - Bacon, R M AU - Carpio, A M AU - Piesman, J AU - Dolan, M C AU - Mbow, M L AD - Molecular Bacteriology Section and Lyme Disease Vector Section, Bacterial Zoonoses Branch, Division of Vector-Borne Infectious Diseases (DVBID), National Center for Infectious Diseases, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Public Health Service, US Department of Health and Human Services, Fort Collins, CO, USA, rbg9@cdc.gov Y1 - 2003/07// PY - 2003 DA - Jul 2003 SP - 551 EP - 556 VL - 52 IS - 7 SN - 0022-2615, 0022-2615 KW - OspC protein KW - mice KW - outer surface protein C KW - ticks KW - Microbiology Abstracts B: Bacteriology KW - J 02833:Immune response and immune mechanisms UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/18808095?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologyb&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Medical+Microbiology&rft.atitle=Inability+of+outer-surface+protein+C+%28OspC%29-primed+mice+to+elicit+a+protective+anamnestic+immune+response+to+a+tick-transmitted+challenge+of+Borrelia+burgdorferi&rft.au=Gilmore%2C+RD+Jr%3BBacon%2C+R+M%3BCarpio%2C+A+M%3BPiesman%2C+J%3BDolan%2C+M+C%3BMbow%2C+M+L&rft.aulast=Gilmore&rft.aufirst=RD&rft.date=2003-07-01&rft.volume=52&rft.issue=7&rft.spage=551&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+Medical+Microbiology&rft.issn=00222615&rft_id=info:doi/10.1099%2Fjmm.0.05068-0 LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1099/jmm.0.05068-0 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Transformation of Rhodococcus rhodnii, a symbiont of the Chagas disease vector Rhodnius prolixus, with integrative elements of the L1 mycobacteriophage AN - 18806251; 5667161 AB - Elimination of vector populations through the use of insecticides is the principal means of controlling Chagas disease. Because of the limitations of insecticide use, we have been developing a new potential method of control, to be used in conjunction with insecticide programs, a method which utilizes genetically modified symbiotic bacteria. These transformed bacteria can express anti-parasitic agents in the gut of the bug where the trypanosomes also are found. Previous studies have shown that it is possible to transform Rhodococcus rhodnii with a shuttle plasmid that contains the gene for cecropin A, an insect anti-microbial peptide. The bacteria expressed this peptide and reduced or eliminated the number of trypanosomes in the bug Rhodnius prolixus. In an effort to improve efficacy and transformation stability, we have begun using plasmids that contain integrative elements from the L1 mycobacteriophage to insert DNA into the genome of the bacterium. The integrative plasmid pBP5 contains the attachment site (attP) and integrase gene (int) of the L1 mycobacteriophage, an antibiotic resistance gene and the lacZ gene. After transforming R. rhodnii with pBP5, nine positive clones were obtained and six different insertions sites were identified. In each clone, the integrative plasmid is inserted only once, the lacZ gene is expressed intensely and, all clones but one, remained stable for 100 generations of culture in the absence of antibiotic selection. In addition, the construct remains stable throughout the life cycle of the bug. These data demonstrate that L1 mycobacteriophage integrative plasmids are significantly more stable than episomally located plasmids used in previous studies and will be greatly beneficial for use in the transformation of symbiotic bacteria of Chagas disease vectors. JF - Infection, Genetics and Evolution AU - Dotson, E M AU - Plikaytis, B AU - Shinnick, T M AU - Durvasula, R V AU - Beard, C B AD - Division of Parasitic Diseases, NCID, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, NCID, DPD, MS F-22, 4770 Buford Highway, Atlanta, GA 30341, USA, ebd6@cdc.gov Y1 - 2003/07// PY - 2003 DA - Jul 2003 SP - 103 EP - 109 PB - Elsevier Science Ltd., The Boulevard Langford Lane Kidlington Oxford OX5 1GB UK, [mailto:nlinfo-f@elsevier.nl], [URL:http://www.elsevier.nl] VL - 3 IS - 2 SN - 1567-1348, 1567-1348 KW - Assassin bugs KW - Hemiptera KW - cecropin A KW - lacZ gene KW - Microbiology Abstracts B: Bacteriology; Entomology Abstracts; Biochemistry Abstracts 2: Nucleic Acids KW - J 02870:Invertebrate bacteriology KW - N 14674:Transformation KW - Z 05156:Techniques UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/18806251?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologyb&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Infection%2C+Genetics+and+Evolution&rft.atitle=Transformation+of+Rhodococcus+rhodnii%2C+a+symbiont+of+the+Chagas+disease+vector+Rhodnius+prolixus%2C+with+integrative+elements+of+the+L1+mycobacteriophage&rft.au=Dotson%2C+E+M%3BPlikaytis%2C+B%3BShinnick%2C+T+M%3BDurvasula%2C+R+V%3BBeard%2C+C+B&rft.aulast=Dotson&rft.aufirst=E&rft.date=2003-07-01&rft.volume=3&rft.issue=2&rft.spage=103&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Infection%2C+Genetics+and+Evolution&rft.issn=15671348&rft_id=info:doi/10.1016%2FS1567-1348%2803%2900002-9 LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S1567-1348(03)00002-9 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Evaluation of meat-hook handle shapes AN - 18756402; 5627748 AB - Seven meat hooks including two current designs and five new designs with flat-rectangular, frustum, double frustum, and cylindrical shapes were evaluated. A two-phase study was conducted. In the first experiment, maximum pulling forces were measured by load cell to evaluate the effects of handle shapes on subjective discomfort, maximum pulling force, and muscle activity. Two pulling forces, 15 and 30 kg, were employed to a pulley mechanism to simulate pulling a beef carcass horizontally in the second experiment. FSR (force sensitive resistor) glove was used to measure the pulling forces on the meat hooks. The glove has 12 sensors that result in placement on the pulpy regions of each phalange. In addition, a biomechanical hand model was developed and applied to predict tendon forces. Double frustum shaped handles produced significantly larger maximum pulling forces and best force efficiency when normalizing forces with EMG. In terms of external forces as measured by the FSRs, the averages of finger force contributions to the total finger force were 27%, 32%, 32%, and 10% in order from index finger to little finger. The averages of phalange force contributions to the total finger force were 20.9%, 33.7% and 45.4% for the distal, middle and proximal phalanges, respectively. A Chi-square analysis indicated that the phalange force distribution for double frustum handles deviated least from the average contributions for all hooks. Double frustum handles showed the least predicted tendon forces and normalized tendon forces per unit external force. The optimality of double frustum shaped handles was also supported by the lowest discomfort ratings. Therefore, based on both empirical physiological measurements and theoretical biomechanical calculations, a double frustum handle is most efficient for pulling task, producing the least amount of tendon forces.Relevance to Industry JF - International Journal of Industrial Ergonomics AU - Kong, Y-K AU - Freivalds, A AD - The Harold & Inge Marcus Department of Industrial and Manufacturing Engineering, 310 Leonhard Building, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA 16802, USA, ykong@cdc.gov Y1 - 2003/07// PY - 2003 DA - Jul 2003 SP - 13 EP - 23 VL - 32 IS - 1 SN - 0169-8141, 0169-8141 KW - biomechanics KW - meat hooks KW - Health & Safety Science Abstracts KW - H 10000:Ergonomics/Human Factors UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/18756402?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Ahealthsafetyabstracts&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=International+Journal+of+Industrial+Ergonomics&rft.atitle=Evaluation+of+meat-hook+handle+shapes&rft.au=Kong%2C+Y-K%3BFreivalds%2C+A&rft.aulast=Kong&rft.aufirst=Y-K&rft.date=2003-07-01&rft.volume=32&rft.issue=1&rft.spage=13&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=International+Journal+of+Industrial+Ergonomics&rft.issn=01698141&rft_id=info:doi/10.1016%2FS0169-8141%2803%2900022-2 LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0169-8141(03)00022-2 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - The impact of toxicology on public health policy and service: an update AN - 17737262; 6134415 AB - The Division of Toxicology, Agency for Toxic Substances and Disease Registry (ATSDR) has a Congressional mandate to develop toxicological profiles for chemicals of greatest concern at hazardous waste sites. These chemical profiles provide a comprehensive evaluation and interpretation of the health effects, chemical and physical properties, production and use, potential for human exposure, analytical methodologies, and regulations and advisories for those chemicals. In addition, these profiles identify critical gaps in the knowledge base for these chemicals and identify levels of significant human exposure. Health assessors and other public health officials use this information to make critical decisions regarding the potential for adverse health effects at hazardous waste sites and other chemical-release events through such activities as public health assessments, chemical-specific and health-specific consultations, health-guidance-value derivations, database development, and emergency response actions. In a previous paper, we provided an overview of six specific public-health activities conducted by the ATSDR Division of Toxicology and examined how these activities have made unique impacts on public health policy and service. In this paper, we follow up on two of these, ATSDR polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) activities and ATSDR mercury activities, and examine their long-term, continually evolving impacts on public health policy and service. JF - Toxicology and Industrial Health AU - De Rosa, CT AU - Nickle, R AU - Faroon, O AU - Jones, DE AD - Division of Toxicology, Agency for Toxic Substances and Disease Registry. MS-E29, 1600 Clifton Road, Atlanta, GA 30333, USA, dej2@cdc.gov Y1 - 2003/07// PY - 2003 DA - Jul 2003 SP - 115 EP - 124 VL - 19 IS - 2-6 SN - 0748-2337, 0748-2337 KW - Toxicology Abstracts KW - Databases KW - polychlorinated biphenyls KW - Reviews KW - Wastes KW - Mercury KW - PCB KW - Public health KW - X 24230:Legislation & recommended standards KW - X 24156:Environmental impact KW - X 24162:Chronic exposure UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/17737262?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxicologyabstracts&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Toxicology+and+Industrial+Health&rft.atitle=The+impact+of+toxicology+on+public+health+policy+and+service%3A+an+update&rft.au=De+Rosa%2C+CT%3BNickle%2C+R%3BFaroon%2C+O%3BJones%2C+DE&rft.aulast=De+Rosa&rft.aufirst=CT&rft.date=2003-07-01&rft.volume=19&rft.issue=2-6&rft.spage=115&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Toxicology+and+Industrial+Health&rft.issn=07482337&rft_id=info:doi/10.1191%2F0748233703th158oa LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Last updated - 2015-03-24 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Databases; polychlorinated biphenyls; Reviews; Wastes; Mercury; PCB; Public health DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1191/0748233703th158oa ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Treatment of tuberculosis. AN - 73420351; 12836625 JF - MMWR. Recommendations and reports : Morbidity and mortality weekly report. Recommendations and reports AU - American Thoracic Society AU - CDC AU - Infectious Diseases Society of America AD - American Thoracic Society ; CDC ; Infectious Diseases Society of America Y1 - 2003/06/20/ PY - 2003 DA - 2003 Jun 20 SP - 1 EP - 77 VL - 52 SN - 1057-5987, 1057-5987 KW - Antitubercular Agents KW - 0 KW - Index Medicus KW - United States KW - Drug Resistance, Bacterial KW - Humans KW - Drug Monitoring KW - Adult KW - Developing Countries KW - Child KW - Adolescent KW - Clinical Protocols KW - Tuberculosis -- drug therapy KW - Tuberculosis -- complications KW - Antitubercular Agents -- adverse effects KW - Antitubercular Agents -- therapeutic use UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/73420351?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=MMWR.+Recommendations+and+reports+%3A+Morbidity+and+mortality+weekly+report.+Recommendations+and+reports&rft.atitle=Treatment+of+tuberculosis.&rft.au=American+Thoracic+Society%3BCDC%3BInfectious+Diseases+Society+of+America&rft.aulast=American+Thoracic+Society&rft.aufirst=&rft.date=2003-06-20&rft.volume=52&rft.issue=&rft.spage=1&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=MMWR.+Recommendations+and+reports+%3A+Morbidity+and+mortality+weekly+report.+Recommendations+and+reports&rft.issn=10575987&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 2003-07-02 N1 - Date created - 2003-06-25 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - SuppNotes - Erratum In: MMWR Recomm Rep. 2005 Jan 7;53(51):1203 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Foodborne transmission of hepatitis A--Massachusetts, 2001. AN - 73387136; 12816107 AB - Hepatitis A virus (HAV) is transmitted typically from person to person by the fecal-oral route. Foodborne transmission occurs when an HAV-infected food handler contaminates food during preparation or when food is contaminated during harvesting or processing before reaching the food service establishment or home. Postexposure prophylaxis (PEP) with immune globulin (IG) can prevent hepatitis A among exposed persons if administered within 14 days of exposure. However, the decision about whether to implement PEP for persons who eat food prepared by an infected food handler depends on an assessment of the duties performed by the food handler and personal hygiene while potentially infectious, which are often difficult to determine. This report summarizes the investigation of an outbreak of foodborne hepatitis A in Massachusetts in which a food handler with hepatitis A, who was considered unlikely to transmit HAV, was implicated as the source. The findings underscore challenges faced by local and state health departments when determining whether PEP is appropriate. JF - MMWR. Morbidity and mortality weekly report AU - Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) AD - Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) Y1 - 2003/06/20/ PY - 2003 DA - 2003 Jun 20 SP - 565 EP - 567 VL - 52 IS - 24 SN - 0149-2195, 0149-2195 KW - Index Medicus KW - Restaurants KW - Humans KW - Adult KW - Hepatitis A virus -- isolation & purification KW - Food Contamination KW - Aged KW - Middle Aged KW - Child KW - Massachusetts -- epidemiology KW - Adolescent KW - Male KW - Female KW - Child, Preschool KW - Food Microbiology KW - Food Handling KW - Hepatitis A -- transmission KW - Hepatitis A -- epidemiology KW - Hepatitis A -- prevention & control KW - Disease Outbreaks UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/73387136?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=MMWR.+Morbidity+and+mortality+weekly+report&rft.atitle=Foodborne+transmission+of+hepatitis+A--Massachusetts%2C+2001.&rft.au=Centers+for+Disease+Control+and+Prevention+%28CDC%29&rft.aulast=Centers+for+Disease+Control+and+Prevention+%28CDC%29&rft.aufirst=&rft.date=2003-06-20&rft.volume=52&rft.issue=24&rft.spage=565&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=MMWR.+Morbidity+and+mortality+weekly+report&rft.issn=01492195&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 2003-06-20 N1 - Date created - 2003-06-19 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - CDC updates guidelines for prevention and control of infections with hepatitis viruses in correctional settings. AN - 73406956; 12825848 JF - American family physician AU - Neff, Matthew J AU - CDC AD - CDC Y1 - 2003/06/15/ PY - 2003 DA - 2003 Jun 15 SP - 2620 EP - 2620, 2622, 2625 VL - 67 IS - 12 SN - 0002-838X, 0002-838X KW - Abridged Index Medicus KW - Index Medicus KW - Occupational Exposure KW - Serologic Tests KW - Risk Factors KW - Humans KW - Health Education KW - Vaccination KW - United States -- epidemiology KW - Hepatitis, Viral, Human -- diagnosis KW - Hepatitis, Viral, Human -- blood KW - Hepatitis, Viral, Human -- transmission KW - Hepatitis, Viral, Human -- prevention & control KW - Prisons -- standards KW - Hepatitis, Viral, Human -- epidemiology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/73406956?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=American+family+physician&rft.atitle=CDC+updates+guidelines+for+prevention+and+control+of+infections+with+hepatitis+viruses+in+correctional+settings.&rft.au=Neff%2C+Matthew+J%3BCDC&rft.aulast=Neff&rft.aufirst=Matthew&rft.date=2003-06-15&rft.volume=67&rft.issue=12&rft.spage=2620&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=American+family+physician&rft.issn=0002838X&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 2003-07-15 N1 - Date created - 2003-06-26 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Response of alveolar macrophages from inducible nitric oxide synthase knockout or wild-type mice to an in vitro lipopolysaccharide or silica exposure. AN - 73322491; 12775513 AB - The role of nitric oxide (NO) in pulmonary disease has been controversial with both antiinflammatory (scavenging radicals and inhibiting NF-êB activation) and proinflammatory (forming highly reactive peroxynitrite and augmenting NF-êB activation by inflammatory agents) actions reported. Therefore, a study has been initiated to determine whether deletion of the inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) gene in the C57BL/6J mouse alters the pulmonary macrophage response to lipopolysaccharide (LPS) or silica. The objective of the initial phase of this study was to determine the difference in responsiveness of alveolar macrophages (AMs), harvested from naive wild-type (WT) or iNOS knockout (iNOS KO) mice, to an in vitro LPS or silica exposure. Primary AMs were obtained by bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) from age- and weight-matched iNOS KO and WT mice. The cells were treated with interferon-gamma (IFN-ã) (50 U/ml), IFN-ã (50 U/ml) + LPS (1 microg/ml), LPS (0.01-100 microg/ml), or silica (25-250 microg/ml). The following parameters were measured: nitrate and nitrite (NOx), tumor necrosis factor-á (TNF-á), macrophage inflammatory protein-2 (MIP-2), intracellular generation of the reactive oxygen species (ROS) hydrogen peroxide (H(2)O(2) and superoxide (O(*-2)), and basal (unstimulated) total antioxidant capacity. Data show a significant increase in NOx production upon exposure to IFN-ã +/- LPS in the WT but not iNOS KO AMs. NOx production by iNOS KO or WT AMs was not altered by in vitro exposure to LPS or silica alone. LPS, but not silica, induced TNF-á and MIP-2 production in both iNOS KO and WT AMs. Statistical analysis of concentration response curves found a significant tendency for greater mediator production in the iNOS KO versus WT AMs. Basal intracellular production of H(2)O(2) and O(*- 2) was significantly greater in the iNOS KO compared to WT AMs. In contrast, LPS- (10 microg/ml) or silica- (100 microg/ml) stimulated intracellular oxidant production was lower in iNOS KO AMs, but overall (basal + stimulated) inflammatory capacity was similar between the cell types. The basal total antioxidant production of the iNOS KO AMs was approximately twofold higher than the WT AMs. In conclusion, certain compensatory changes appear to occur in AMs from iNOS KO mice. In response to the inability to induce NO production, iNOS KO AMs exhibit significantly higher basal generation of H(2)O(2) and (O(*- 2)) as well as higher total antioxidant levels. In addition, LPS induced TNF-á and MIP-2 production tend to be higher in AMs from iNOS KO mice. Such compensatory changes in the AM response may affect the response of iNOS KO mice to inflammatory exposures. JF - Journal of toxicology and environmental health. Part A AU - Zeidler, Patti C AU - Roberts, Jenny R AU - Castranova, Vincent AU - Chen, Fei AU - Butterworth, Leon AU - Andrew, Michael E AU - Robinson, Victor A AU - Porter, Dale W AD - Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, West Virginia University, Morgantown, West Virginia 26505, USA. vic1@cdc.gov Y1 - 2003/06/13/ PY - 2003 DA - 2003 Jun 13 SP - 995 EP - 1013 VL - 66 IS - 11 SN - 1528-7394, 1528-7394 KW - Antioxidants KW - 0 KW - Cytokines KW - Lipopolysaccharides KW - Reactive Oxygen Species KW - Silicon Dioxide KW - 7631-86-9 KW - Nitric Oxide Synthase KW - EC 1.14.13.39 KW - Nitric Oxide Synthase Type II KW - Nos2 protein, mouse KW - Index Medicus KW - Microscopy, Confocal KW - Reactive Oxygen Species -- metabolism KW - Animals KW - Cell Count KW - Cell Culture Techniques KW - Cytokines -- metabolism KW - Mice KW - Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction KW - Mice, Knockout KW - Antioxidants -- metabolism KW - Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay KW - Flow Cytometry KW - Bronchoalveolar Lavage Fluid -- cytology KW - Male KW - Macrophages, Alveolar -- metabolism KW - Nitric Oxide Synthase -- genetics KW - Silicon Dioxide -- toxicity KW - Lipopolysaccharides -- toxicity KW - Nitric Oxide Synthase -- metabolism KW - Macrophages, Alveolar -- drug effects UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/73322491?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+toxicology+and+environmental+health.+Part+A&rft.atitle=Response+of+alveolar+macrophages+from+inducible+nitric+oxide+synthase+knockout+or+wild-type+mice+to+an+in+vitro+lipopolysaccharide+or+silica+exposure.&rft.au=Zeidler%2C+Patti+C%3BRoberts%2C+Jenny+R%3BCastranova%2C+Vincent%3BChen%2C+Fei%3BButterworth%2C+Leon%3BAndrew%2C+Michael+E%3BRobinson%2C+Victor+A%3BPorter%2C+Dale+W&rft.aulast=Zeidler&rft.aufirst=Patti&rft.date=2003-06-13&rft.volume=66&rft.issue=11&rft.spage=995&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+toxicology+and+environmental+health.+Part+A&rft.issn=15287394&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 2003-07-01 N1 - Date created - 2003-05-30 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Guidelines for environmental infection control in health-care facilities. Recommendations of CDC and the Healthcare Infection Control Practices Advisory Committee (HICPAC). AN - 73393599; 12836624 AB - The health-care facility environment is rarely implicated in disease transmission, except among patients who are immunocompromised. Nonetheless, inadvertent exposures to environmental pathogens (e.g., Aspergillus spp. and Legionella spp.) or airborne pathogens (e.g., Mycobacterium tuberculosis and varicella-zoster virus) can result in adverse patient outcomes and cause illness among health-care workers. Environmental infection-control strategies and engineering controls can effectively prevent these infections. The incidence of health-care--associated infections and pseudo-outbreaks can be minimized by 1) appropriate use of cleaners and disinfectants; 2) appropriate maintenance of medical equipment (e.g., automated endoscope reprocessors or hydrotherapy equipment); 3) adherence to water-quality standards for hemodialysis, and to ventilation standards for specialized care environments (e.g., airborne infection isolation rooms, protective environments, or operating rooms); and 4) prompt management of water intrusion into the facility. Routine environmental sampling is not usually advised, except for water quality determinations in hemodialysis settings and other situations where sampling is directed by epidemiologic principles, and results can be applied directly to infection-control decisions. This report reviews previous guidelines and strategies for preventing environment-associated infections in health-care facilities and offers recommendations. These include 1) evidence-based recommendations supported by studies; 2) requirements of federal agencies (e.g., Food and Drug Administration, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, U.S. Department of Labor, Occupational Safety and Health Administration, and U.S. Department of Justice); 3) guidelines and standards from building and equipment professional organizations (e.g., American Institute of Architects, Association for the Advancement of Medical Instrumentation, and American Society of Heating, Refrigeration, and Air-Conditioning Engineers); 4) recommendations derived from scientific theory or rationale; and 5) experienced opinions based upon infection-control and engineering practices. The report also suggests a series of performance measurements as a means to evaluate infection-control efforts. JF - MMWR. Recommendations and reports : Morbidity and mortality weekly report. Recommendations and reports AU - Sehulster, Lynne AU - Chinn, Raymond Y W AU - CDC AU - HICPAC AD - Division of Healthcare Quality Promotion, National Center for Infectious Diseases. ; CDC ; HICPAC Y1 - 2003/06/06/ PY - 2003 DA - 2003 Jun 06 SP - 1 EP - 42 VL - 52 SN - 1057-5987, 1057-5987 KW - Medical Waste Disposal KW - 0 KW - Index Medicus KW - United States KW - Animals KW - Water Microbiology -- standards KW - Hospital Design and Construction -- standards KW - Environment, Controlled KW - Water Supply -- standards KW - Humans KW - Medical Waste Disposal -- standards KW - Equipment Contamination -- prevention & control KW - Health Facility Environment -- standards KW - Air Microbiology -- standards KW - Infection Control -- standards UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/73393599?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=MMWR.+Recommendations+and+reports+%3A+Morbidity+and+mortality+weekly+report.+Recommendations+and+reports&rft.atitle=Guidelines+for+environmental+infection+control+in+health-care+facilities.+Recommendations+of+CDC+and+the+Healthcare+Infection+Control+Practices+Advisory+Committee+%28HICPAC%29.&rft.au=Sehulster%2C+Lynne%3BChinn%2C+Raymond+Y+W%3BCDC%3BHICPAC&rft.aulast=Sehulster&rft.aufirst=Lynne&rft.date=2003-06-06&rft.volume=52&rft.issue=&rft.spage=1&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=MMWR.+Recommendations+and+reports+%3A+Morbidity+and+mortality+weekly+report.+Recommendations+and+reports&rft.issn=10575987&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 2003-07-02 N1 - Date created - 2003-06-25 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Surveillance data from swimming pool inspections--selected states and counties, United States, May--September 2002. AN - 73363747; 12803197 AB - Swimming is the second most popular exercise activity in the United States, with approximately 360 million annual visits to recreational water venues (1). This exposure increases the potential for the spread of recreational water illnesses (RWIs) (e.g., cryptosporidiosis, giardiasis, and shigellosis). Since the 1980s, the number of reported RWI outbreaks has increased steadily (2). Local environmental health programs inspect public and semipublic pools periodically to determine compliance with local and state health regulations. During inspections for regulatory compliance, data pertaining to pool water chemistry, filtration and recirculation systems, and management and operations are collected. This report summarizes pool inspection data from databases at six sites across the United States collected during May 1--September 1, 2002. The findings underscore the utility of these data for public-health decision making and the need for increased training and vigilance by pool operators to ensure high-quality swimming pool water for use by the public. JF - MMWR. Morbidity and mortality weekly report AU - Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) AD - Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) Y1 - 2003/06/06/ PY - 2003 DA - 2003 Jun 06 SP - 513 EP - 516 VL - 52 IS - 22 SN - 0149-2195, 0149-2195 KW - Water Pollutants KW - 0 KW - Index Medicus KW - United States KW - Water Microbiology KW - Quality Control KW - Public Health Practice KW - Swimming Pools -- standards KW - Water Purification -- standards UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/73363747?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=MMWR.+Morbidity+and+mortality+weekly+report&rft.atitle=Surveillance+data+from+swimming+pool+inspections--selected+states+and+counties%2C+United+States%2C+May--September+2002.&rft.au=Centers+for+Disease+Control+and+Prevention+%28CDC%29&rft.aulast=Centers+for+Disease+Control+and+Prevention+%28CDC%29&rft.aufirst=&rft.date=2003-06-06&rft.volume=52&rft.issue=22&rft.spage=513&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=MMWR.+Morbidity+and+mortality+weekly+report&rft.issn=01492195&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 2003-06-13 N1 - Date created - 2003-06-12 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - CPAPER T1 - Titres of antibodies against cytomegalovirus and chlamydia pneumoniae are increased in early-onset pre-eclampsia, compared with late-onset pre-eclampsia, normotensive intrauterine growth restriction, and normal pregnancy AN - 39614831; 3768953 AU - Von Dadelszen, P AU - Alasaly, K AU - Krajden, M AU - Magee, LA AU - Popovska, V AU - Devarakonda, R M AU - Money, D M AU - Patrick, D M AU - Brunham, R C Y1 - 2003/06/06/ PY - 2003 DA - 2003 Jun 06 KW - CPI, Conference Papers Index KW - U 2000:Biology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/39614831?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Acpi&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=conference&rft.jtitle=&rft.atitle=Titres+of+antibodies+against+cytomegalovirus+and+chlamydia+pneumoniae+are+increased+in+early-onset+pre-eclampsia%2C+compared+with+late-onset+pre-eclampsia%2C+normotensive+intrauterine+growth+restriction%2C+and+normal+pregnancy&rft.au=Von+Dadelszen%2C+P%3BAlasaly%2C+K%3BKrajden%2C+M%3BMagee%2C+LA%3BPopovska%2C+V%3BDevarakonda%2C+R+M%3BMoney%2C+D+M%3BPatrick%2C+D+M%3BBrunham%2C+R+C&rft.aulast=Von+Dadelszen&rft.aufirst=P&rft.date=2003-06-06&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - SuppNotes - Availability: Society for Gynecologic Investigation, 409 12th Street, SW, Washington, DC 20024, USA; phone: 202 863-2544; fax: 202 863-0739; URL: sgionline.org. Paper No. #225 N1 - Last updated - 2010-05-03 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Safety, efficacy and determinants of effectiveness of antimalarial drugs during pregnancy: implications for prevention programmes in Plasmodium falciparum-endemic sub-Saharan Africa. AN - 73346751; 12791054 AB - Plasmodium falciparum malaria in pregnancy poses substantial risk to a pregnant woman and her neonate through anaemia and low birth weight (LBW), respectively, and is responsible for up to 35% of preventable LBW in malaria-endemic areas. Chemoprophylaxis or intermittent preventive treatment (IPT) with an effective antimalarial can ameliorate the adverse effects of malaria during pregnancy. Current guidelines from the WHO recommend that women in highly malarious areas receive IPT with an effective antimalarial. Two central considerations in evaluating drugs for use during pregnancy are safety for the mother and her foetus and effectiveness, which is determined by efficacy, cost, availability, deliverability and acceptability of the drug. These factors may be scored and potential drugs or drug combinations ranked in order of potential effectiveness for use in prevention programmes. The seven most promising regimens are all IPT, primarily because they are more easily delivered and less expensive than chemoprophylaxis. Currently, IPT with sulphadoxine-pyrimethamine (SP) is more likely to have the best overall effectiveness in preventing adverse outcomes associated with malaria in pregnancy. Its low cost, wide availability, easy deliverability and acceptability make it the clear choice in countries where efficacy of the drug remains good. For countries where resistance to SP is rising or already high, amodiaquine (alone or in combination with SP or artesunate) artesunate + SP, chlorproguanil-dapsone (with and without artesunate) and artemether-lumefantrine require urgent evaluation for use in pregnancy. JF - Tropical medicine & international health : TM & IH AU - Newman, Robert D AU - Parise, Monica E AU - Slutsker, Laurence AU - Nahlen, Bernard AU - Steketee, Richard W AD - Malaria Epidemiology Branch, Division of Parasitic Diseases, NCID, CDC, Atlanta, GA 30341, USA. rnewman@cdc.gov Y1 - 2003/06// PY - 2003 DA - June 2003 SP - 488 EP - 506 VL - 8 IS - 6 SN - 1360-2276, 1360-2276 KW - Antimalarials KW - 0 KW - Drug Combinations KW - fanasil, pyrimethamine drug combination KW - 37338-39-9 KW - Sulfadoxine KW - 88463U4SM5 KW - Pyrimethamine KW - Z3614QOX8W KW - Index Medicus KW - Infectious Disease Transmission, Vertical -- prevention & control KW - Pyrimethamine -- therapeutic use KW - Africa South of the Sahara -- epidemiology KW - Sulfadoxine -- therapeutic use KW - Humans KW - Endemic Diseases KW - Female KW - Pregnancy KW - Malaria, Falciparum -- prevention & control KW - Pregnancy Complications, Parasitic -- prevention & control KW - Antimalarials -- adverse effects KW - Malaria, Falciparum -- epidemiology KW - Antimalarials -- therapeutic use UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/73346751?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Tropical+medicine+%26+international+health+%3A+TM+%26+IH&rft.atitle=Safety%2C+efficacy+and+determinants+of+effectiveness+of+antimalarial+drugs+during+pregnancy%3A+implications+for+prevention+programmes+in+Plasmodium+falciparum-endemic+sub-Saharan+Africa.&rft.au=Newman%2C+Robert+D%3BParise%2C+Monica+E%3BSlutsker%2C+Laurence%3BNahlen%2C+Bernard%3BSteketee%2C+Richard+W&rft.aulast=Newman&rft.aufirst=Robert&rft.date=2003-06-01&rft.volume=8&rft.issue=6&rft.spage=488&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Tropical+medicine+%26+international+health+%3A+TM+%26+IH&rft.issn=13602276&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 2003-08-14 N1 - Date created - 2003-06-06 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - SuppNotes - Comment In: Trop Med Int Health. 2003 Jun;8(6):485-7 [12791053] N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - The Moderating Role of Parental Warmth on the Effects of Exposure to Family Violence AN - 60494367; 200405137 AB - Previous research has shown parental warmth to have mixed effects on individuals in violent families. While positively associated with psychological health in some victims, parental warmth has also been positively associated with measures of psychological distress in other victims. The current study examined two models (the "buffering" & "inconsistency" theories) to clarify the effects of parental warmth. The current study also sought to clarify the role of parental warmth within the context of exposure to different types of family violence (ie, witnessing vs victimization). Results differed depending on the type of violence exposure. Both mother & father warmth were negatively associated with secure attachment & self-esteem in combined victims & witnesses of violence, whereas, mother warmth was positively associated with self-esteem in witnesses of violence. Father warmth did not significantly impact either outcome for witnesses. Parental warmth did not influence either outcome for those who had only experienced victimization. 5 Tables, 3 Figures, 53 References. Adapted from the source document. JF - Violence and Victims AU - Harper, Felicity W K AU - Arias, Ileana AU - House, Amy S AD - c/o Arias -- Division Violence Prevention, National Center Injury Prevention & Control, Centers Disease Control & Prevention, Atlanta, GA Y1 - 2003/06// PY - 2003 DA - June 2003 SP - 353 EP - 367 VL - 18 IS - 3 SN - 0886-6708, 0886-6708 KW - Undergraduate Students KW - Attachment KW - Mothers KW - Family Violence KW - Childrearing Practices KW - Fathers KW - Children KW - Victimization KW - article KW - 2190: social problems and social welfare; victimology (rape, family violence, & child abuse) UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/60494367?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Asocabs&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Violence+and+Victims&rft.atitle=The+Moderating+Role+of+Parental+Warmth+on+the+Effects+of+Exposure+to+Family+Violence&rft.au=Harper%2C+Felicity+W+K%3BArias%2C+Ileana%3BHouse%2C+Amy+S&rft.aulast=Harper&rft.aufirst=Felicity+W&rft.date=2003-06-01&rft.volume=18&rft.issue=3&rft.spage=353&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Violence+and+Victims&rft.issn=08866708&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - Sociological Abstracts N1 - Date revised - 2007-04-01 N1 - Last updated - 2016-09-28 N1 - CODEN - VIOVEI N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Childrearing Practices; Attachment; Family Violence; Children; Fathers; Mothers; Victimization; Undergraduate Students ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Performance of Swine Waste Lagoons for Removing Salmonella and Enteric Microbial Indicators AN - 19938879; 5916027 AB - Swine lagoon liquid may contain numerous pathogens at concentrations that are a risk to human health through on-farm contact or through off-farm exposure, such as may occur if the pathogens are transported to ground or surface water resources through seepage or spray irrigation. In this study, liquid samples were collected year-round from lagoons on four swine farms and analyzed for Salmonella and six microbial indicators of fecal contamination (fecal coliforms, E. coli, enterococci, Clostridium perfringens spores, somatic coliphages, and F-specific coliphages). Salmonella were measured at mean concentrations of 3.1 to 4.0 log sub(10) MPN/100 mL in untreated flushed swine waste, 2.2 to 2.4 log sub(10) MPN/100 mL in single-stage primary lagoon liquid, and 0.4 to 0.7 log sub(10) MPN/100 mL in the secondary lagoons of two-stage lagoon systems. Salmonella, fecal coliforms, E. coli, enterococci, somatic coliphages, and F-specific coliphages were reduced by 1 to 2 log sub(10) in single-stage lagoon systems, and by 2 to 3 log sub(10) in two-stage lagoon systems. C. perfringens spore reductions were significantly lower than for the other microbes analyzed in primary treatment lagoons (mean reductions = 0.6 to 0.8 log sub(10)), suggesting that effective removal of environmentally persistent pathogens such as helminths and protozoan parasites (e.g., Cryptosporidium parvum) may necessitate the use of two-stage lagoon systems, or alternative waste management techniques. Temperature was significantly associated with treatment efficacy for reductions of fecal coliforms and coliphages in at least one of the primary lagoons studied. In secondary lagoons, temperature was significantly associated with reductions of all the study microbes. Linear regression analysis of Salmonella reductions versus temperature in the secondary lagoons yielded an r super(2) = 0.66. Based on statistical analysis of the magnitudes and correlations of their reductions, fecal coliforms and E. coli were determined to be the best microbial indicators of the reduction of Salmonella in swine waste lagoon systems. The results of this study indicate that single-stage, primary lagoons can substantially reduce concentrations of Salmonella, fecal coliforms, E. coli, enterococci, and coliphages in flushed swine waste, but were not effective for reducing concentrations of C. perfringens spores. Salmonella and other microbes can be further reduced in two-stage lagoon systems, yielding overall enteric microbe reductions that are more protective of public health. JF - Transactions of the ASAE AU - Hill, V R AU - Sobsey, MD AD - Biology and Diagnostics Branch, Division of Parasitic Diseases, National Center for Infectious Diseases, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, MS/F-36, 4770 Buford Hwy., Atlanta, GA 30341-3724, USA, vhill@cdc.gov Y1 - 2003/06// PY - 2003 DA - Jun 2003 SP - 781 EP - 788 VL - 46 IS - 3 SN - 0001-2351, 0001-2351 KW - Virology & AIDS Abstracts; Microbiology Abstracts B: Bacteriology; Microbiology Abstracts A: Industrial & Applied Microbiology; Microbiology Abstracts C: Algology, Mycology & Protozoology; Pollution Abstracts KW - Parasites KW - Manure KW - Farms KW - Contamination KW - Surface water KW - Statistical analysis KW - Liquid wastes KW - Lagoons KW - Public health KW - Waste disposal sites KW - Escherichia coli KW - Regression analysis KW - Temperature effects KW - Fecal coliforms KW - Animal wastes KW - Clostridium perfringens KW - Irrigation KW - Temperature KW - Pathogens KW - Cryptosporidium parvum KW - Spores KW - Salmonella KW - K 03410:Animal Diseases KW - P 3000:SEWAGE & WASTEWATER TREATMENT KW - V 22410:Animal Diseases KW - A 01450:Environmental Pollution & Waste Treatment KW - J 02430:Symbiosis, Antibiosis & Phages UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/19938879?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologyb&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Transactions+of+the+ASAE&rft.atitle=Performance+of+Swine+Waste+Lagoons+for+Removing+Salmonella+and+Enteric+Microbial+Indicators&rft.au=Hill%2C+V+R%3BSobsey%2C+MD&rft.aulast=Hill&rft.aufirst=V&rft.date=2003-06-01&rft.volume=46&rft.issue=3&rft.spage=781&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Transactions+of+the+ASAE&rft.issn=00012351&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-05-01 N1 - Last updated - 2015-03-25 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Temperature effects; Parasites; Fecal coliforms; Farms; Contamination; Surface water; Irrigation; Statistical analysis; Pathogens; Lagoons; Public health; Regression analysis; Spores; Animal wastes; Manure; Waste disposal sites; Temperature; Liquid wastes; Clostridium perfringens; Escherichia coli; Salmonella; Cryptosporidium parvum ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Evaluation of synthetic, M type-specific peptides as antigens in a multivalent group A streptococcal vaccine AN - 18851565; 5638968 AB - The recent development of emm gene sequence-based typing methodology has allowed group A streptococci (GAS) M serotype prevalence data to be determined. This information has been used to identify the components of a multivalent M protein peptide vaccine that could theoretically prevent most of the GAS- mediated diseases in the USA. In this study, we have evaluated in mice the immunogenicity and protective ability of multiple synthetic, M type-specific peptides, derived from the N-termini of three prevalent GAS serotypes (three peptides per serotype, total of nine peptides). At least one peptide, representing each of the three M types tested, was immunogenic. Five of the nine synthetic peptides tested, elicited an immune response in mice, and sera raised against four of the peptides, all possessed functional activity as demonstrated in a bactericidal assay. In vivo nasopharyngeal challenge experiments were carried out with peptides from the M1 (peptide M1-3) and M3 (peptide M3-2) proteins induced in vivo immune protection by reducing intranasal carriage. Reduction in colonization for M1-3 and M3-2 was 90% (P=0.02) and 66% (P<0.17), respectively. A reduction in colonization of 67% (P=0.03) was observed for M3-2 immunized mice when M43, a heterologous serotype, was used as the challenge strain. These results show the utility of synthetic, M type- specific peptides as antigens in a multivalent GAS vaccine. JF - Vaccine AU - Bruner, M AU - James, A AU - Beall, B AU - Carlone, G M AU - Ades, E AU - Johnson, S AU - Guarner, J AU - Sampson, J AD - Division of Bacterial and Mycotic Diseases, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, 1600 Clifton Road, MS G05, Atlanta, GA 30333, USA, jas5@cdc.gov Y1 - 2003/06// PY - 2003 DA - Jun 2003 SP - 2698 EP - 2703 PB - Elsevier Science Ltd. VL - 21 IS - 21-22 SN - 0264-410X, 0264-410X KW - double prime M protein KW - carriage KW - immunogenicity KW - mice KW - streptococci KW - Microbiology Abstracts B: Bacteriology; Immunology Abstracts; Microbiology Abstracts A: Industrial & Applied Microbiology KW - J 02834:Vaccination and immunization KW - F 06807:Active immunization KW - A 01099:Bacteria and fungi UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/18851565?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologyb&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Vaccine&rft.atitle=Evaluation+of+synthetic%2C+M+type-specific+peptides+as+antigens+in+a+multivalent+group+A+streptococcal+vaccine&rft.au=Bruner%2C+M%3BJames%2C+A%3BBeall%2C+B%3BCarlone%2C+G+M%3BAdes%2C+E%3BJohnson%2C+S%3BGuarner%2C+J%3BSampson%2C+J&rft.aulast=Bruner&rft.aufirst=M&rft.date=2003-06-01&rft.volume=21&rft.issue=21-22&rft.spage=2698&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Vaccine&rft.issn=0264410X&rft_id=info:doi/10.1016%2FS0264-410X%2803%2900165-8 LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0264-410X(03)00165-8 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - CD40 ligand (CD154) improves the durability of respiratory syncytial virus DNA vaccination in BALB/c mice AN - 18775809; 5639000 AB - Respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) infection is the single most important cause of serious acute respiratory illness in children <1 year of age worldwide, and is associated with life-threatening pneumonia or bronchiolitis in the elderly. Current vaccine strategies include live, attenuated virus, subunit and DNA vaccines, however, none have been sufficiently safe, or shown to induce satisfactory long-term immunity, thus immune modulators are being considered to enhance the effectiveness of RSV vaccines. In this study, we examine CD40 ligand (CD40L) as an immune modulator to enhance the durability of DNA vaccines encoding RSV F and/or G glycoproteins in BALB/c mice. The addition of CD40L to DNA vaccines encoding the F glycoprotein enhanced virus clearance and some aspects of the immune response to RSV challenge, suggesting that CD40L may enhance the durability of RSV DNA vaccines. JF - Vaccine AU - Harcourt, J L AU - Brown, M P AU - Anderson, L J AU - Tripp, R A AD - National Centers for Infectious Diseases, Division of Viral and Rickettsial Diseases, Respiratory and Enteric Virus Branch, 1600 Clifton Road NE, Mailstop G-09, Atlanta, GA 30333, USA, rgt3@cdc.gov Y1 - 2003/06// PY - 2003 DA - Jun 2003 SP - 2964 EP - 2979 PB - Elsevier Science Ltd. VL - 21 IS - 21-22 SN - 0264-410X, 0264-410X KW - BALB/c mice KW - CD40L protein KW - glycoprotein F KW - glycoprotein G KW - mice KW - Biotechnology and Bioengineering Abstracts; Virology & AIDS Abstracts; Medical and Pharmaceutical Biotechnology Abstracts; Immunology Abstracts; Microbiology Abstracts A: Industrial & Applied Microbiology KW - A 01100:Viruses KW - F 06807:Active immunization KW - V 22097:Immunization: Vaccines & vaccination: Human KW - W3 33345:DNA vaccines KW - W 30965:Miscellaneous, Reviews UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/18775809?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Abiotechresearch&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Vaccine&rft.atitle=CD40+ligand+%28CD154%29+improves+the+durability+of+respiratory+syncytial+virus+DNA+vaccination+in+BALB%2Fc+mice&rft.au=Harcourt%2C+J+L%3BBrown%2C+M+P%3BAnderson%2C+L+J%3BTripp%2C+R+A&rft.aulast=Harcourt&rft.aufirst=J&rft.date=2003-06-01&rft.volume=21&rft.issue=21-22&rft.spage=2964&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Vaccine&rft.issn=0264410X&rft_id=info:doi/10.1016%2FS0264-410X%2803%2900119-1 LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0264-410X(03)00119-1 ER -