TY - JOUR T1 - Sexual coercion among adolescents in northern Thailand: prevalence and associated factors. AN - 73654614; 12971579 AB - Sexual coercion was assessed in a cross-sectional survey of drug use and sexual behavior in vocational school students from Chiang Rai, Thailand (n = 1725; ages 15-21), using audio-computer assisted self-interview. Sexual coercion was reported by 6.5% of males and 21% of females. Mean age at first occurrence was 16 years (range 8-20) among males and 17 years (range 5-21) among females. Most perpetrators were male (52% among males; 98% among females) and known by the participants. Among females, associated factors were history of pregnancy, selling sex, marijuana use, perceived risk of STD, two or more lifetime sexual partners, and living away from family. Among males, associated factors were homo- or bisexual self-identification, parents living together, and ulcerative STD history. JF - The Southeast Asian journal of tropical medicine and public health AU - Manopaiboon, Chomnad AU - Kilmarx, Peter H AU - Limpakarnjanarat, Khanchit AU - Jenkins, Richard A AU - Chaikummao, Supaporn AU - Supawitkul, Somsak AU - van Griensven, Frits AD - Thailand MOPH-US CDC Collaboration, Ministry of Public Health, Nonthaburi, Thailand. cfm9@cdc.gov Y1 - 2003/06// PY - 2003 DA - June 2003 SP - 447 EP - 457 VL - 34 IS - 2 SN - 0125-1562, 0125-1562 KW - Index Medicus KW - Humans KW - Child KW - Child, Preschool KW - Demography KW - Cross-Sectional Studies KW - Schools KW - Risk Factors KW - Adult KW - Surveys and Questionnaires KW - Thailand -- epidemiology KW - Adolescent KW - Female KW - Male KW - Substance-Related Disorders -- epidemiology KW - Prevalence KW - Sex Offenses -- statistics & numerical data KW - Coercion UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/73654614?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Southeast+Asian+journal+of+tropical+medicine+and+public+health&rft.atitle=Sexual+coercion+among+adolescents+in+northern+Thailand%3A+prevalence+and+associated+factors.&rft.au=Manopaiboon%2C+Chomnad%3BKilmarx%2C+Peter+H%3BLimpakarnjanarat%2C+Khanchit%3BJenkins%2C+Richard+A%3BChaikummao%2C+Supaporn%3BSupawitkul%2C+Somsak%3Bvan+Griensven%2C+Frits&rft.aulast=Manopaiboon&rft.aufirst=Chomnad&rft.date=2003-06-01&rft.volume=34&rft.issue=2&rft.spage=447&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=The+Southeast+Asian+journal+of+tropical+medicine+and+public+health&rft.issn=01251562&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 2004-01-06 N1 - Date created - 2003-09-15 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Evaluation of a sensitive/less sensitive testing algorithm using the bioMérieux Vironostika-LS assay for detecting recent HIV-1 subtype B' or E infection in Thailand. AN - 73497466; 12882657 AB - The performance of the bioMérieux Vironostika-LS EIA (less sensitive enzyme immunoassay) was assessed to detect recent seroconversion among injecting drug users (IDUs) in Bangkok, Thailand who were infected with either HIV-1 subtypes B' or E (also known as circulating recombinant form CRF01_AE). To evaluate the Vironostika-LS EIA in non-B subtypes, we collected longitudinal specimens (n = 796) from 115 IDUs (subtype B' infection, n = 24; subtype E infection, n = 91). After testing HIV-positive specimens with the Vironostika-LS EIA, standardized optical densities (SODs) were calculated using median values to determine the window period, which is the time from seroconversion on a standard EIA to seroconversion on the Vironostika-LS EIA for a given SOD, for either subtype. For an SOD cutoff of 1.0, Vironostika-LS EIA results showed a mean window period of 239 days (95% confidence interval [95% CI], 208-287 days) for subtype B' and 356 days (95% CI, 318-402 days) for subtype E in Thailand. This outcome demonstrates that the Vironostika-LS EIA has significantly different performance characteristics in detecting recent seroconversion between different HIV-1 subtypes. Accurate identification of recent infection and estimation of incidence for HIV-1 strains other than North American subtype B, using the Vironostika-LS EIA, requires knowledge of specimen subtype and use of appropriate cutoffs and mean window periods. JF - AIDS research and human retroviruses AU - Young, Carrie L AU - Hu, Dale J AU - Byers, Robert AU - Vanichseni, Suphak AU - Young, Nancy L AU - Nelson, Robert AU - Mock, Philip A AU - Choopanya, Kachit AU - Janssen, Robert AU - Mastro, Timothy D AU - Mei, Joanne V AD - Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia 30333, USA. cyoung@cdc.gov Y1 - 2003/06// PY - 2003 DA - June 2003 SP - 481 EP - 486 VL - 19 IS - 6 SN - 0889-2229, 0889-2229 KW - HIV Antibodies KW - 0 KW - Reagent Kits, Diagnostic KW - Index Medicus KW - AIDS/HIV KW - Sensitivity and Specificity KW - HIV Antibodies -- blood KW - Humans KW - Adult KW - Incidence KW - Thailand -- epidemiology KW - Male KW - Immunoenzyme Techniques KW - Female KW - HIV-1 -- immunology KW - HIV Infections -- virology KW - Algorithms KW - AIDS Serodiagnosis KW - Substance Abuse, Intravenous -- complications KW - HIV Infections -- epidemiology KW - HIV Infections -- diagnosis KW - HIV-1 -- classification UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/73497466?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=AIDS+research+and+human+retroviruses&rft.atitle=Evaluation+of+a+sensitive%2Fless+sensitive+testing+algorithm+using+the+bioM%C3%A9rieux+Vironostika-LS+assay+for+detecting+recent+HIV-1+subtype+B%27+or+E+infection+in+Thailand.&rft.au=Young%2C+Carrie+L%3BHu%2C+Dale+J%3BByers%2C+Robert%3BVanichseni%2C+Suphak%3BYoung%2C+Nancy+L%3BNelson%2C+Robert%3BMock%2C+Philip+A%3BChoopanya%2C+Kachit%3BJanssen%2C+Robert%3BMastro%2C+Timothy+D%3BMei%2C+Joanne+V&rft.aulast=Young&rft.aufirst=Carrie&rft.date=2003-06-01&rft.volume=19&rft.issue=6&rft.spage=481&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=AIDS+research+and+human+retroviruses&rft.issn=08892229&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 2004-03-02 N1 - Date created - 2003-07-28 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - The importance of occupational skin diseases in the United States. AN - 73464987; 12715182 AB - Occupational skin diseases and disorders (OSDs) are the most commonly reported non-trauma-related (acute or cumulative) category of occupational illnesses in the United States. This factor, along with their potential chronicity, their effect on an individual's vocational and avocational activities, and the fact that they are preventable, point out the public health importance of OSDs. It can be difficult to obtain accurate epidemiological data for OSDs in the US, and all sources have their limitations. OSD cases that result in days away from work are important categories to study, since days away from work may be used as an indicator of the severity of a case. Descriptive epidemiology may be used to provide further information on these "more severe" cases, to determine, for example, high-risk industries, occupations, and exposures, and then to use this information to target the high-risk, "more severe" cases for prevention strategies. The goal of the US Public Health Service for the year 2010, as established in its "Healthy People 2010: National Health Promotion and Disease Prevention Objectives", is to reduce national OSDs to an incidence of no more than 46 per 100,000 full-time workers. Both irritant and allergic contact dermatitis are considered to be priority research areas as outlined in the National Occupational Research Agenda introduced in 1996 by the National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health. Increased knowledge and awareness of occupational skin diseases will assist in the achievement of the national public health goals. JF - International archives of occupational and environmental health AU - Lushniak, Boris D AD - Division of Surveillance, Hazard Evaluations, and Field Studies, National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, 4676 Columbia Parkway, R-12, Cincinnati, Ohio 45226, USA. BLushniak@cdc.gov Y1 - 2003/06// PY - 2003 DA - June 2003 SP - 325 EP - 330 VL - 76 IS - 5 SN - 0340-0131, 0340-0131 KW - Index Medicus KW - Industry -- classification KW - Cost of Illness KW - Humans KW - Occupational Exposure -- adverse effects KW - Industry -- statistics & numerical data KW - Incidence KW - Employer Health Costs KW - Absenteeism KW - United States -- epidemiology KW - Prevalence KW - Dermatitis, Occupational -- etiology KW - Dermatitis, Occupational -- prevention & control KW - Dermatitis, Occupational -- epidemiology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/73464987?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=International+archives+of+occupational+and+environmental+health&rft.atitle=The+importance+of+occupational+skin+diseases+in+the+United+States.&rft.au=Lushniak%2C+Boris+D&rft.aulast=Lushniak&rft.aufirst=Boris&rft.date=2003-06-01&rft.volume=76&rft.issue=5&rft.spage=325&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=International+archives+of+occupational+and+environmental+health&rft.issn=03400131&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 2004-01-09 N1 - Date created - 2003-07-11 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Tobacco-specific nitrosamines in tobacco from U.S. brand and non-U.S. brand cigarettes. AN - 73358591; 12791527 AB - Tobacco-specific nitrosamines (TSNAs) are one of the major classes of carcinogens found in tobacco products. As part of collaborative efforts to reduce tobacco use and resulting disease, the U.S. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) carried out a two-phase investigation into the worldwide variation of the levels of TSNAs in cigarette tobacco. In the first phase, representatives of the World Health Organization (WHO) purchased cigarettes; scientists from the CDC subsequently measured the levels of TSNAs in tobacco from 21 different countries. Although the data collected from this initial survey suggested that globally marketed U.S.-brand cigarettes typically had higher TSNA levels than locally popular non-U.S. cigarettes in many countries, the number of samples limited the statistical power of the study. To improve statistical power and to ensure adequate sampling, the CDC conducted a second survey of 14 countries. In addition to the United States, the CDC selected the world's 10 most populous countries and three additional countries, so that at least two countries from each of the six WHO regions were represented. For each country, the CDC compared 15 packs of Marlboro cigarettes, which is the world's most popular brand of cigarettes, with 15 packs of a locally popular non-U.S. brand in the study country. Marlboro cigarettes purchased in 11/13 foreign countries had significantly higher tobacco TSNA levels than the locally popular non-U.S. brands purchased in the same country. The findings suggest that TSNA levels in tobacco can be substantially reduced in some cigarettes. JF - Nicotine & tobacco research : official journal of the Society for Research on Nicotine and Tobacco AU - Ashley, David L AU - Beeson, Michelle D AU - Johnson, Diana R AU - McCraw, Joan M AU - Richter, Patricia AU - Pirkle, James L AU - Pechacek, Terry F AU - Song, Siqing AU - Watson, Clifford H AD - Division of Laboratory Sciences, National Center for Environmental Health, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA, USA. DLA1@cdc.gov Y1 - 2003/06// PY - 2003 DA - June 2003 SP - 323 EP - 331 VL - 5 IS - 3 SN - 1462-2203, 1462-2203 KW - Carcinogens KW - 0 KW - Nitrosamines KW - Index Medicus KW - United States KW - Humans KW - Data Collection KW - Smoking KW - Tobacco -- chemistry KW - Carcinogens -- analysis KW - Nitrosamines -- analysis UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/73358591?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Nicotine+%26+tobacco+research+%3A+official+journal+of+the+Society+for+Research+on+Nicotine+and+Tobacco&rft.atitle=Tobacco-specific+nitrosamines+in+tobacco+from+U.S.+brand+and+non-U.S.+brand+cigarettes.&rft.au=Ashley%2C+David+L%3BBeeson%2C+Michelle+D%3BJohnson%2C+Diana+R%3BMcCraw%2C+Joan+M%3BRichter%2C+Patricia%3BPirkle%2C+James+L%3BPechacek%2C+Terry+F%3BSong%2C+Siqing%3BWatson%2C+Clifford+H&rft.aulast=Ashley&rft.aufirst=David&rft.date=2003-06-01&rft.volume=5&rft.issue=3&rft.spage=323&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Nicotine+%26+tobacco+research+%3A+official+journal+of+the+Society+for+Research+on+Nicotine+and+Tobacco&rft.issn=14622203&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 2003-09-23 N1 - Date created - 2003-06-06 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Isolated case of bioterrorism-related inhalational anthrax, New York City, 2001. AN - 73353161; 12781008 AB - On October 31, 2001, in New York City, a 61-year-old female hospital employee who had acquired inhalational anthrax died after a 6-day illness. To determine sources of exposure and identify additional persons at risk, the New York City Department of Health, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, and law enforcement authorities conducted an extensive investigation, which included interviewing contacts, examining personal effects, summarizing patient's use of mass transit, conducting active case finding and surveillance near her residence and at her workplace, and collecting samples from co-workers and the environment. We cultured all specimens for Bacillus anthracis. We found no additional cases of cutaneous or inhalational anthrax. The route of exposure remains unknown. All environmental samples were negative for B. anthracis. This first case of inhalational anthrax during the 2001 outbreak with no apparent direct link to contaminated mail emphasizes the need for close coordination between public health and law enforcement agencies during bioterrorism-related investigations. JF - Emerging infectious diseases AU - Holtz, Timothy H AU - Ackelsberg, Joel AU - Kool, Jacob L AU - Rosselli, Richard AU - Marfin, Anthony AU - Matte, Thomas AU - Beatrice, Sara T AU - Heller, Michael B AU - Hewett, Dan AU - Moskin, Linda C AU - Bunning, Michel L AU - Layton, Marcelle AD - Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia, USA. tkh3@cdc.gov Y1 - 2003/06// PY - 2003 DA - June 2003 SP - 689 EP - 696 VL - 9 IS - 6 SN - 1080-6040, 1080-6040 KW - DNA, Bacterial KW - 0 KW - Ciprofloxacin KW - 5E8K9I0O4U KW - Index Medicus KW - Ciprofloxacin -- pharmacology KW - Bacillus anthracis -- isolation & purification KW - Bacillus anthracis -- genetics KW - New York City -- epidemiology KW - Humans KW - Women KW - Environmental Exposure KW - Middle Aged KW - Disease Outbreaks -- statistics & numerical data KW - Postal Service KW - DNA, Bacterial -- analysis KW - Female KW - Spores, Bacterial -- isolation & purification KW - Anthrax -- etiology KW - Anthrax -- diagnosis KW - Anthrax -- epidemiology KW - Inhalation Exposure KW - Bioterrorism KW - Anthrax -- drug therapy UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/73353161?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Emerging+infectious+diseases&rft.atitle=Isolated+case+of+bioterrorism-related+inhalational+anthrax%2C+New+York+City%2C+2001.&rft.au=Holtz%2C+Timothy+H%3BAckelsberg%2C+Joel%3BKool%2C+Jacob+L%3BRosselli%2C+Richard%3BMarfin%2C+Anthony%3BMatte%2C+Thomas%3BBeatrice%2C+Sara+T%3BHeller%2C+Michael+B%3BHewett%2C+Dan%3BMoskin%2C+Linda+C%3BBunning%2C+Michel+L%3BLayton%2C+Marcelle&rft.aulast=Holtz&rft.aufirst=Timothy&rft.date=2003-06-01&rft.volume=9&rft.issue=6&rft.spage=689&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Emerging+infectious+diseases&rft.issn=10806040&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 2003-09-10 N1 - Date created - 2003-06-03 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - SuppNotes - Cited By: MMWR Morb Mortal Wkly Rep. 2001 Sep 28;50(38):821-2 [11594721] MMWR Morb Mortal Wkly Rep. 2001 Oct 19;50(41):889-93 [11686472] MMWR Morb Mortal Wkly Rep. 2001 Oct 26;50(42):909-19 [11699843] MMWR Morb Mortal Wkly Rep. 2001 Nov 2;50(43):941-8 [11708591] MMWR Morb Mortal Wkly Rep. 2001 Nov 16;50(45):1014-6 [11724160] JAMA. 2002 Feb 20;287(7):858-62 [11851577] Emerg Infect Dis. 2001 Nov-Dec;7(6):933-44 [11747719] Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 2002 May 14;99(10):7027-32 [12011462] Emerg Infect Dis. 2002 Oct;8(10):1039-43 [12396912] Emerg Infect Dis. 2002 Oct;8(10):1111-6 [12396925] Emerg Infect Dis. 2002 Oct;8(10):1152-6 [12396931] Science. 1994 Nov 18;266(5188):1202-8 [7973702] JAMA. 2002 Feb 20;287(7):863-8 [11851578] N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - The relationship of exposure to childhood sexual abuse to other forms of abuse, neglect, and household dysfunction during childhood. AN - 73350634; 12818611 AB - This study assesses the relationship of childhood sexual abuse (CSA) to nine other categories of Adverse Childhood Experiences (ACEs), including childhood abuse, neglect, and multiple types of household dysfunction. Retrospective cohort study data were collected from 17,337 adult health plan members who responded to a survey questionnaire. Regression models adjusted for age, race, and education were used to estimate the strength of the association of CSA to each of the other nine ACEs and a graded relationship between measures of the severity of CSA and the number of other ACEs (ACE score). CSA was reported by 25% of women and 16% of men. In comparison with persons who were not exposed to CSA, the likelihood of experiencing each category of ACE increased 2- to 3.4-fold for women and 1.6- to 2.5-fold for men (p < 0.05). The adjusted mean ACE score showed a significant positive graded relationship to the severity, duration, and frequency of CSA and an inverse relationship to age at first occurrence of CSA (p < 0.01). CSA is strongly associated with experiencing multiple other forms of ACEs. The strength of this association appears to increase as the measures of severity of the CSA increases. The understanding of the interrelatedness of CSA with multiple ACEs should be considered in the design of studies, treatment, and programs to prevent CSA as well as other forms of ACEs. JF - Child abuse & neglect AU - Dong, Maxia AU - Anda, Robert F AU - Dube, Shanta R AU - Giles, Wayne H AU - Felitti, Vincent J AD - National Center for Chronic Disease Prevention and Health Promotion, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, 4170 Buford Highway NE, MS K-67, Atlanta, GA 30341-3717, USA. Y1 - 2003/06// PY - 2003 DA - June 2003 SP - 625 EP - 639 VL - 27 IS - 6 SN - 0145-2134, 0145-2134 KW - Index Medicus KW - Child Abuse -- statistics & numerical data KW - Battered Women -- statistics & numerical data KW - Humans KW - Parent-Child Relations KW - Child KW - Substance-Related Disorders -- psychology KW - Health Maintenance Organizations KW - Logistic Models KW - Risk Factors KW - Cohort Studies KW - Surveys and Questionnaires KW - Child of Impaired Parents -- statistics & numerical data KW - Middle Aged KW - California -- epidemiology KW - Female KW - Male KW - Substance-Related Disorders -- epidemiology KW - Prevalence KW - Family Characteristics KW - Child Abuse, Sexual -- psychology KW - Domestic Violence -- statistics & numerical data KW - Child Abuse, Sexual -- statistics & numerical data KW - Domestic Violence -- psychology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/73350634?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Child+abuse+%26+neglect&rft.atitle=The+relationship+of+exposure+to+childhood+sexual+abuse+to+other+forms+of+abuse%2C+neglect%2C+and+household+dysfunction+during+childhood.&rft.au=Dong%2C+Maxia%3BAnda%2C+Robert+F%3BDube%2C+Shanta+R%3BGiles%2C+Wayne+H%3BFelitti%2C+Vincent+J&rft.aulast=Dong&rft.aufirst=Maxia&rft.date=2003-06-01&rft.volume=27&rft.issue=6&rft.spage=625&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Child+abuse+%26+neglect&rft.issn=01452134&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 2003-10-29 N1 - Date created - 2003-06-23 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Inactivation of Bacillus anthracis spores. AN - 73336076; 12780999 AB - After the intentional release of Bacillus anthracis through the U.S. Postal Service in the fall of 2001, many environments were contaminated with B. anthracis spores, and frequent inquiries were made regarding the science of destroying these spores. We conducted a survey of the literature that had potential application to the inactivation of B. anthracis spores. This article provides a tabular summary of the results. JF - Emerging infectious diseases AU - Spotts Whitney, Ellen A AU - Beatty, Mark E AU - Taylor, Thomas H AU - Weyant, Robbin AU - Sobel, Jeremy AU - Arduino, Matthew J AU - Ashford, David A AD - Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia 30333, USA. EWhitney1@cdc.gov Y1 - 2003/06// PY - 2003 DA - June 2003 SP - 623 EP - 627 VL - 9 IS - 6 SN - 1080-6040, 1080-6040 KW - Disinfectants KW - 0 KW - Gases KW - Index Medicus KW - Hot Temperature KW - Ultraviolet Rays KW - Gases -- pharmacology KW - Gamma Rays KW - Dose-Response Relationship, Drug KW - Spores, Bacterial -- drug effects KW - Spores, Bacterial -- growth & development KW - Spores, Bacterial -- radiation effects KW - Dose-Response Relationship, Radiation KW - Disinfectants -- pharmacology KW - Spores, Bacterial -- physiology KW - Bacillus anthracis -- drug effects KW - Bacillus anthracis -- growth & development KW - Bacillus anthracis -- radiation effects KW - Bacillus anthracis -- physiology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/73336076?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Emerging+infectious+diseases&rft.atitle=Inactivation+of+Bacillus+anthracis+spores.&rft.au=Spotts+Whitney%2C+Ellen+A%3BBeatty%2C+Mark+E%3BTaylor%2C+Thomas+H%3BWeyant%2C+Robbin%3BSobel%2C+Jeremy%3BArduino%2C+Matthew+J%3BAshford%2C+David+A&rft.aulast=Spotts+Whitney&rft.aufirst=Ellen&rft.date=2003-06-01&rft.volume=9&rft.issue=6&rft.spage=623&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Emerging+infectious+diseases&rft.issn=10806040&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 2003-09-10 N1 - Date created - 2003-06-03 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - SuppNotes - Cited By: Semin Dial. 2000 Mar-Apr;13(2):75-85 [10795109] J Am Vet Med Assoc. 1959 Dec 1;135:549-53 [14405390] MMWR Morb Mortal Wkly Rep. 2002 Apr 5;51(13):279-81 [11952281] J Appl Bacteriol. 1967 Apr;30(1):78-87 [6045110] Appl Microbiol. 1968 Nov;16(11):1782-5 [4973068] Zentralbl Bakteriol Mikrobiol Hyg B. 1980;171(2-3):158-67 [6774514] J Clin Pathol. 1982 Jul;35(7):698-705 [7047573] J Appl Bacteriol. 1983 Jun;54(3):417-23 [6409877] J Appl Bacteriol. 1986 Jan;60(1):67-72 [3082844] J Appl Bacteriol. 1990 May;68(5):461-9 [2370233] J Appl Bacteriol. 1990 May;68(5):471-7 [2370234] Artif Organs. 1990 Oct;14(5):361-8 [2122876] Appl Environ Microbiol. 1996 Feb;62(2):545-51 [8593054] Appl Environ Microbiol. 1999 Feb;65(2):873-6 [9925635] J Bacteriol. 1950 Mar;59(3):401-12 [15436410] MMWR Morb Mortal Wkly Rep. 2001 Nov 30;50(47):1049-51 [11808925] N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Caspase-3-dependent reactivation of latent herpes simplex virus type 1 in sensory neuronal cultures. AN - 73322341; 12775421 AB - Life-long latent herpes simplex virus type 1 (HSV-1) is harbored in sensory neurons where sporadic reactivation occurs. Reactivation stimuli may involve activation of apoptotic signaling in the neuron. Previous experiments have demonstrated that reactivation of latent HSV-1 in dorsal root ganglion (DRG) neuronal cultures occurred following nerve growth factor (NGF) deprivation. NGF deprivation stimulates apoptotic signaling by activating the proapoptotic proteolytic enzyme, caspase-3. When DRG neuronal cultures harboring latent HSV-1 were treated with a caspase-3-specific inhibitor, NGF deprivation-induced reactivation was significantly reduced. Interestingly, the caspase-3 inhibitor had no effect on productive HSV-1 infection. Furthermore, activation of caspase-3 with either C2-ceramide or a recombinant adenovirus expressing caspase-3 caused significant HSV-1 reactivation. JF - Journal of neurovirology AU - Hunsperger, Elizabeth A AU - Wilcox, Christine L AD - Department of Microbiology, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado, USA. enh4@cdc.gov Y1 - 2003/06// PY - 2003 DA - June 2003 SP - 390 EP - 398 VL - 9 IS - 3 SN - 1355-0284, 1355-0284 KW - Cysteine Proteinase Inhibitors KW - 0 KW - N-acetylsphingosine KW - Nerve Growth Factors KW - Nerve Tissue Proteins KW - Oligopeptides KW - Recombinant Fusion Proteins KW - aspartyl-glutamyl-valyl-aspartal KW - Colforsin KW - 1F7A44V6OU KW - CASP3 protein, human KW - EC 3.4.22.- KW - Casp3 protein, rat KW - Caspase 3 KW - Caspases KW - Sphingosine KW - NGZ37HRE42 KW - Tetradecanoylphorbol Acetate KW - NI40JAQ945 KW - Index Medicus KW - Animals KW - Apoptosis KW - Nerve Growth Factors -- pharmacology KW - Enzyme Activation KW - Recombinant Fusion Proteins -- physiology KW - Adenoviridae -- genetics KW - Rats KW - Cysteine Proteinase Inhibitors -- pharmacology KW - Ganglia, Spinal -- cytology KW - Cells, Cultured -- virology KW - Colforsin -- pharmacology KW - Virus Latency KW - Ganglia, Spinal -- virology KW - Tetradecanoylphorbol Acetate -- pharmacology KW - Oligopeptides -- pharmacology KW - Cells, Cultured -- enzymology KW - Genetic Vectors -- genetics KW - Nerve Tissue Proteins -- physiology KW - Neurons, Afferent -- virology KW - Virus Activation -- drug effects KW - Caspases -- physiology KW - Herpesvirus 1, Human -- physiology KW - Sphingosine -- pharmacology KW - Neurons, Afferent -- enzymology KW - Sphingosine -- analogs & derivatives KW - Herpesvirus 1, Human -- drug effects UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/73322341?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+neurovirology&rft.atitle=Caspase-3-dependent+reactivation+of+latent+herpes+simplex+virus+type+1+in+sensory+neuronal+cultures.&rft.au=Hunsperger%2C+Elizabeth+A%3BWilcox%2C+Christine+L&rft.aulast=Hunsperger&rft.aufirst=Elizabeth&rft.date=2003-06-01&rft.volume=9&rft.issue=3&rft.spage=390&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+neurovirology&rft.issn=13550284&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 2003-08-29 N1 - Date created - 2003-05-30 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Characterization of endotoxin and 3-hydroxy fatty acid levels in air and settled dust from commercial aircraft cabins. AN - 73321329; 12756010 AB - Endotoxin was measured in air and dust samples collected during four commercial aircraft flights. Samples were analyzed for endotoxin biological activity using the Limulus assay. 3-hydroxy fatty acids (3-OH FA) of carbon chain lengths C10:0-C18:0 were determined in dust by gas chromatography-ion trap tandem mass spectrometry. The geometric mean (geometric standard deviation) endotoxin air level was 1.5 EU/m3 (1.9, n = 28); however, significant differences were found by flight within aircraft type. Mean endotoxin levels were significantly higher in carpet dust than in seat dust (140 +/- 81 vs. 51 +/- 25 EU/mg dust, n = 32 each, P < 0.001). Airborne endotoxin levels were not significantly related to either carpet or seat dust endotoxin levels. Mean 3-OH FA levels were significantly higher in carpet dust than in seat dust for C10:2, C12:0, and C14:0 (P < 0.001 for each), while the mean level of C16:0 was significantly higher in seat dust than in carpet dust (P < 0.01). Carpet dust endotoxin was significantly, but moderately, correlated with 3-OH-C12:0 and 3-OH-C14:0 (Pearson r = 0.52 and 0.48, respectively), while correlation of seat dust endotoxin with individual 3-OH FAs depended on the test statistic used. Mean endotoxin potency was significantly higher for carpet dust than for seat dust (6.3 +/- 3.0 vs. 3.0 +/- 1.4 EU/pmol LPS, P < 0.0001). Mean endotoxin levels in the air and dust of commercial aircraft cabins were generally higher than mean levels reported in homes and office buildings. These results suggest that exposure route and dust source are important considerations when relating endotoxin exposure to specific health outcomes. JF - Indoor air AU - Hines, C J AU - Waters, M A AU - Larsson, L AU - Petersen, M R AU - Saraf, A AU - Milton, D K AD - National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, Cincinnati, OH 45226, USA. chines@cdc.gov Y1 - 2003/06// PY - 2003 DA - June 2003 SP - 166 EP - 173 VL - 13 IS - 2 SN - 0905-6947, 0905-6947 KW - Air Pollutants KW - 0 KW - Dust KW - Endotoxins KW - Fatty Acids KW - Hydroxy Acids KW - Index Medicus KW - Floors and Floorcoverings KW - Dust -- analysis KW - Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry KW - Aircraft KW - Air Pollution, Indoor KW - Hydroxy Acids -- analysis KW - Endotoxins -- analysis KW - Fatty Acids -- analysis KW - Air Pollutants -- chemistry UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/73321329?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Indoor+air&rft.atitle=Characterization+of+endotoxin+and+3-hydroxy+fatty+acid+levels+in+air+and+settled+dust+from+commercial+aircraft+cabins.&rft.au=Hines%2C+C+J%3BWaters%2C+M+A%3BLarsson%2C+L%3BPetersen%2C+M+R%3BSaraf%2C+A%3BMilton%2C+D+K&rft.aulast=Hines&rft.aufirst=C&rft.date=2003-06-01&rft.volume=13&rft.issue=2&rft.spage=166&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Indoor+air&rft.issn=09056947&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 2003-09-12 N1 - Date created - 2003-05-20 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Bioterrorism-related inhalational anthrax in an elderly woman, Connecticut, 2001. AN - 73320368; 12781007 AB - On November 20, 2001, inhalational anthrax was confirmed in an elderly woman from rural Connecticut. To determine her exposure source, we conducted an extensive epidemiologic, environmental, and laboratory investigation. Molecular subtyping showed that her isolate was indistinguishable from isolates associated with intentionally contaminated letters. No samples from her home or community yielded Bacillus anthracis, and she received no first-class letters from facilities known to have processed intentionally contaminated letters. Environmental sampling in the regional Connecticut postal facility yielded B. anthracis spores from 4 (31%) of 13 sorting machines. One extensively contaminated machine primarily processes bulk mail. A second machine that does final sorting of bulk mail for her zip code yielded B. anthracis on the column of bins for her carrier route. The evidence suggests she was exposed through a cross-contaminated bulk mail letter. Such cross-contamination of letters and postal facilities has implications for managing the response to future B. anthracis-contaminated mailings. JF - Emerging infectious diseases AU - Griffith, Kevin S AU - Mead, Paul AU - Armstrong, Gregory L AU - Painter, John AU - Kelley, Katherine A AU - Hoffmaster, Alex R AU - Mayo, Donald AU - Barden, Diane AU - Ridzon, Renee AU - Parashar, Umesh AU - Teshale, Eyasu Habtu AU - Williams, Jennifer AU - Noviello, Stephanie AU - Perz, Joseph F AU - Mast, Eric E AU - Swerdlow, David L AU - Hadler, James L AD - Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia, USA. kkg8@cdc.gov Y1 - 2003/06// PY - 2003 DA - June 2003 SP - 681 EP - 688 VL - 9 IS - 6 SN - 1080-6040, 1080-6040 KW - DNA, Bacterial KW - 0 KW - Index Medicus KW - Bacillus anthracis -- isolation & purification KW - Sentinel Surveillance KW - Bacillus anthracis -- genetics KW - Humans KW - Connecticut -- epidemiology KW - Environmental Exposure KW - Aged KW - Disease Outbreaks -- statistics & numerical data KW - Postal Service KW - DNA, Bacterial -- analysis KW - Time Factors KW - Female KW - Spores, Bacterial -- isolation & purification KW - Anthrax -- etiology KW - Anthrax -- diagnosis KW - Anthrax -- epidemiology KW - Inhalation Exposure KW - Bioterrorism KW - Anthrax -- drug therapy UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/73320368?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Emerging+infectious+diseases&rft.atitle=Bioterrorism-related+inhalational+anthrax+in+an+elderly+woman%2C+Connecticut%2C+2001.&rft.au=Griffith%2C+Kevin+S%3BMead%2C+Paul%3BArmstrong%2C+Gregory+L%3BPainter%2C+John%3BKelley%2C+Katherine+A%3BHoffmaster%2C+Alex+R%3BMayo%2C+Donald%3BBarden%2C+Diane%3BRidzon%2C+Renee%3BParashar%2C+Umesh%3BTeshale%2C+Eyasu+Habtu%3BWilliams%2C+Jennifer%3BNoviello%2C+Stephanie%3BPerz%2C+Joseph+F%3BMast%2C+Eric+E%3BSwerdlow%2C+David+L%3BHadler%2C+James+L&rft.aulast=Griffith&rft.aufirst=Kevin&rft.date=2003-06-01&rft.volume=9&rft.issue=6&rft.spage=681&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Emerging+infectious+diseases&rft.issn=10806040&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 2003-09-10 N1 - Date created - 2003-06-03 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - SuppNotes - Cited By: MMWR Morb Mortal Wkly Rep. 2001 Nov 30;50(47):1049-51 [11808925] MMWR Morb Mortal Wkly Rep. 2001 Dec 7;50(48):1077-9 [11770501] JAMA. 2002 Feb 20;287(7):863-8 [11851578] JAMA. 2002 May 1;287(17):2236-52 [11980524] Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 2002 May 14;99(10):7027-32 [12011462] Emerg Infect Dis. 2002 Oct;8(10):1019-28 [12396909] Emerg Infect Dis. 2002 Oct;8(10):1029-34 [12396910] Emerg Infect Dis. 2002 Oct;8(10):1039-43 [12396912] Emerg Infect Dis. 2002 Oct;8(10):1078-82 [12396919] Emerg Infect Dis. 2002 Oct;8(10):1111-6 [12396925] Br J Exp Pathol. 1963 Aug;44:416-26 [14079015] Emerg Infect Dis. 2002 Oct;8(10):1083-7 [12396920] J Bacteriol. 2000 May;182(10):2928-36 [10781564] MMWR Morb Mortal Wkly Rep. 2001 Oct 26;50(42):909-19 [11699843] MMWR Morb Mortal Wkly Rep. 2001 Nov 2;50(43):941-8 [11708591] Emerg Infect Dis. 2001 Nov-Dec;7(6):933-44 [11747719] JAMA. 2002 Jan 23-30;287(4):445-6 [11824387] N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Bioterrorism web site resources for infectious disease clinicians and epidemiologists. AN - 73290824; 12766842 AB - Finding bioterrorism-related information on the World Wide Web can be laborious. We hope to help readers find such information more easily by summarizing essential information in a consistent framework. A panel of 7 Centers for Disease Control and Prevention reviewers identified Web sites and evaluated them for sponsorship, mission, content usefulness, online ease of use, and adherence to commonly accepted quality criteria. Of >100 potential sites identified, 81 were chosen for target content of interest, and 43 were selected for inclusion. The results were classified into general purpose/portal sites; biological agent information; laboratory, infection control, epidemiology, and mental health information; and emergency contact sources, news and updates, event preparedness resources, information for first-responder settings, clinical and public education materials, and research resources. Agents covered included anthrax, smallpox, plague, botulism, tularemia, and viral hemorrhagic fever. JF - Clinical infectious diseases : an official publication of the Infectious Diseases Society of America AU - Ferguson, Natalie E AU - Steele, Lynn AU - Crawford, Carol Y AU - Huebner, Nathan L AU - Fonseka, Jamila C AU - Bonander, Jason C AU - Kuehnert, Matthew J AD - Office of Health Communications, National Center for Infectious Diseases, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA, 30333, USA. nferguson@cdc.gov Y1 - 2003/06/01/ PY - 2003 DA - 2003 Jun 01 SP - 1458 EP - 1473 VL - 36 IS - 11 KW - Index Medicus KW - United States KW - Smallpox KW - Communicable Diseases KW - Tularemia KW - Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (U.S.) KW - Botulism KW - Humans KW - Information Dissemination KW - Anthrax KW - Plague KW - Infection Control KW - Information Services KW - Physicians KW - Bioterrorism KW - Internet UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/73290824?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Clinical+infectious+diseases+%3A+an+official+publication+of+the+Infectious+Diseases+Society+of+America&rft.atitle=Bioterrorism+web+site+resources+for+infectious+disease+clinicians+and+epidemiologists.&rft.au=Ferguson%2C+Natalie+E%3BSteele%2C+Lynn%3BCrawford%2C+Carol+Y%3BHuebner%2C+Nathan+L%3BFonseka%2C+Jamila+C%3BBonander%2C+Jason+C%3BKuehnert%2C+Matthew+J&rft.aulast=Ferguson&rft.aufirst=Natalie&rft.date=2003-06-01&rft.volume=36&rft.issue=11&rft.spage=1458&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Clinical+infectious+diseases+%3A+an+official+publication+of+the+Infectious+Diseases+Society+of+America&rft.issn=1537-6591&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 2003-06-30 N1 - Date created - 2003-05-26 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Alpha interferon augments cidofovir's antiviral and antiproliferative activities. AN - 73284805; 12760891 AB - The antiviral and antiproliferative activities of alpha 2a interferon (IFN-alpha 2a) and cidofovir in human papillomavirus type 16 (HPV-16)-transformed keratinocytes were evaluated. The compounds in combination were more effective than comparable levels of either drug alone. Evaluation of effective drug ratios revealed a synergistic cooperation between IFN-alpha 2a and cidofovir in inhibiting the proliferation of HPV-infected cells. JF - Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy AU - Johnson, Jeffrey A AU - Gangemi, J David AD - Department of Microbiology and Molecular Medicine and the Greenville Hospital System Biomedical Cooperative, Clemson University, Clemson, South Carolina 29634, USA. jjohnson1@cdc.gov Y1 - 2003/06// PY - 2003 DA - June 2003 SP - 2022 EP - 2026 VL - 47 IS - 6 SN - 0066-4804, 0066-4804 KW - Antiviral Agents KW - 0 KW - CDKN1A protein, human KW - Cyclin-Dependent Kinase Inhibitor p21 KW - Cyclins KW - E6 protein, Human papillomavirus type 16 KW - Interferon-alpha KW - Oncogene Proteins, Viral KW - Organophosphonates KW - Organophosphorus Compounds KW - Papillomavirus E7 Proteins KW - Repressor Proteins KW - Retinoblastoma Protein KW - Tumor Suppressor Protein p53 KW - oncogene protein E7, Human papillomavirus type 16 KW - Cytosine KW - 8J337D1HZY KW - cidofovir KW - JIL713Q00N KW - Index Medicus KW - Blotting, Western KW - Humans KW - Retinoblastoma Protein -- metabolism KW - Cyclins -- metabolism KW - Colony Count, Microbial KW - Keratinocytes -- virology KW - Cell Line, Transformed KW - Drug Synergism KW - Tumor Suppressor Protein p53 -- metabolism KW - Oncogene Proteins, Viral -- metabolism KW - Interferon-alpha -- pharmacology KW - Tumor Virus Infections -- virology KW - Cytosine -- pharmacology KW - Antiviral Agents -- pharmacology KW - Papillomavirus Infections -- virology KW - Papillomaviridae -- metabolism KW - Organophosphorus Compounds -- pharmacology KW - Cytosine -- analogs & derivatives KW - Papillomaviridae -- growth & development KW - Papillomaviridae -- drug effects UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/73284805?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Antimicrobial+agents+and+chemotherapy&rft.atitle=Alpha+interferon+augments+cidofovir%27s+antiviral+and+antiproliferative+activities.&rft.au=Johnson%2C+Jeffrey+A%3BGangemi%2C+J+David&rft.aulast=Johnson&rft.aufirst=Jeffrey&rft.date=2003-06-01&rft.volume=47&rft.issue=6&rft.spage=2022&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Antimicrobial+agents+and+chemotherapy&rft.issn=00664804&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 2003-10-07 N1 - Date created - 2003-05-22 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - SuppNotes - Cited By: Am J Health Syst Pharm. 1997 Jan 1;54(1):12, 15 [9117780] J Interferon Cytokine Res. 1995 Dec;15(12):1011-6 [8746781] Antimicrob Agents Chemother. 1997 Mar;41(3):594-9 [9055999] J Acquir Immune Defic Syndr Hum Retrovirol. 1997;14 Suppl 1:S27-31 [9058615] Am J Med. 1997 May 5;102(5A):28-37 [9217660] Clin Exp Obstet Gynecol. 1997;24(2):93-4 [9342473] Urology. 1997 Dec;50(6):863-7; discussion 867-8 [9426715] J Med Virol. 1998 Mar;54(3):219-25 [9515772] Hepatology. 1998 Apr;27(4):1128-35 [9537454] Invest New Drugs. 1997;15(4):319-24 [9547674] Cytokines Cell Mol Ther. 1998 Dec;4(4):229-41 [10068057] Clin Pharmacokinet. 1999 Feb;36(2):127-43 [10092959] Antimicrob Agents Chemother. 1999 May;43(5):1198-205 [10223936] Exp Cell Res. 1964 Jan;33:301-9 [14109144] Antiviral Res. 1994 Sep;25(1):1-11 [7811057] J Interferon Cytokine Res. 1999 Oct;19(10):1107-16 [10547150] J Med Virol. 2000 Feb;60(2):205-9 [10596022] Antivir Chem Chemother. 2000 Jul;11(4):261-71 [10950388] Antiviral Res. 2000 Aug;47(2):103-9 [10996398] Eur Respir J. 2001 Apr;17(4):830-1 [11401080] J Virol. 2001 Dec;75(23):11821-6 [11689663] Antiviral Res. 2002 Jul;55(1):1-13 [12076747] Adv Enzyme Regul. 1984;22:27-55 [6382953] J Biol Chem. 1984 Dec 10;259(23):14835-9 [6501319] J Virol. 1987 Apr;61(4):1061-6 [2434663] Laryngoscope. 1988 Dec;98(12):1324-9 [3200075] Adv Virus Res. 1990;38:147-200 [1699395] Dermatol Clin. 1991 Apr;9(2):343-52 [1711942] Virology. 1991 Dec;185(2):929-33 [1720593] Cancer Res. 1994 Apr 15;54(8):2108-12 [8174114] Cornea. 1994 Nov;13(6):516-20 [7842711] N Engl J Med. 1995 Oct 5;333(14):943-4 [7666893] Antiviral Res. 1996 Jan;29(1):49-51 [8721544] Virology. 1997 Jan 6;227(1):220-8 [9007077] N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Serostatus Disclosure, Sexual Communication and Safer Sex in HIV-Positive Men AN - 61509831; 200404575 AB - This study assessed HIV-positive men's sexual behaviors with partners at risk for infection & examined the extent to which safer sex was associated with interpersonal communication variables, namely, (1) disclosure of one's seropositive status & (2) specific communication with partners about safer-sex practices. A total of 105 HIV-positive men (43% homosexual, 38% bisexual, 19% heterosexual), randomly sampled at an HIV outpatient clinic in Los Angeles, completed a behavioral questionnaire assessing events in their most recent sexual encounter with an HIV-negative or unknown serostatus partner. Results indicated that men who disclosed their seropositive status & explicitly discussed the topic of safer sex with their at-risk partners had a significantly higher prevalence of protected anal or vaginal intercourse than did men who disclosed only. The findings suggest that posttest counseling regarding the importance of disclosing one's seropositive status to sex partners should be augmented by behavioral interventions that enhance seropositive persons' skills in communicating explicitly with partners about safer sex to help reduce transmission of HIV. 2 Tables, 19 References. Adapted from the source document. JF - AIDS Care AU - Crepaz, Nicole AU - Marks, G AD - Division HIV/AIDS Prevention, Centers Disease Control & Prevention, Atlanta, GA ncrepaz@cdc.gov Y1 - 2003/06// PY - 2003 DA - June 2003 SP - 379 EP - 387 VL - 15 IS - 3 SN - 0954-0121, 0954-0121 KW - Condoms KW - Risk KW - Sexual Behavior KW - Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndrome KW - Males KW - Homosexuality KW - Internet KW - article KW - 6126: acquired immune deficiency syndrome (AIDS) UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/61509831?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Asocialservices&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=AIDS+Care&rft.atitle=Serostatus+Disclosure%2C+Sexual+Communication+and+Safer+Sex+in+HIV-Positive+Men&rft.au=Crepaz%2C+Nicole%3BMarks%2C+G&rft.aulast=Crepaz&rft.aufirst=Nicole&rft.date=2003-06-01&rft.volume=15&rft.issue=3&rft.spage=379&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=AIDS+Care&rft.issn=09540121&rft_id=info:doi/10.1080%2F0954012031000105432 LA - English DB - Social Services Abstracts N1 - Date revised - 2007-05-01 N1 - Number of references - 19 N1 - Last updated - 2016-09-28 N1 - CODEN - AIDCEF N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Homosexuality; Males; Sexual Behavior; Condoms; Risk; Internet; Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndrome DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/0954012031000105432 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - National Surveillance for the Human Ehrlichioses in the United States, 1997-2001, and Proposed Methods for Evaluation of Data Quality AN - 21349207; 8396783 AB - AbstractThis report describes the data accumulated during the first 5 years of national surveillance for the human ehrlichioses in the United States and territories, from its initiation in 1997 through 2001. Reported cases of human monocytic and granulocytic ehrlichiosis (HME and HGE) and cases of 'other ehrlichiosis' (OE), where the agent was unspecified, originated from 30 states. As anticipated, most HME cases were from the south-central and southeastern United States, while HGE was most commonly reported from the northeastern and upper-Midwestern region. State-level incident reports of 487 HME, 1,091 HGE, and 11 OE cases were evaluated. The average annual incidences of HME, HGE, and OE per million persons residing in states reporting disease were 0.7, 1.6, and 0.2, respectively. The median ages of HME (53 yr) and HGE cases (51 yr) were consistent with published patient series. Most (> 57%) ehrlichiosis patients were male. The results suggest that national surveillance for the ehrlichioses, although imperfect in coverage, will help define endemic regions and may be useful for monitoring long-term trends. Although the data appear representative of the demographic profiles established for HME and HGE, rigorous evaluation of the system is required. Methods are proposed for evaluating the quality and representativeness of HME and HGE surveillance data, using well-established surveillance systems for Rocky Mountain spotted fever and Lyme disease. JF - Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences AU - Gardner, Stacy L AU - Holman, Robert C AU - Krebs, John W AU - Berkelman, Ruth AU - Childs, James E AD - Department of Epidemiology, Rollins School of Public Health, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia 30333, USA, JChilds@cdc.gov Y1 - 2003/06// PY - 2003 DA - Jun 2003 SP - 80 EP - 89 PB - Blackwell Publishing Ltd., 9600 Garsington Road VL - 990 IS - 1 SN - 0077-8923, 0077-8923 KW - Microbiology Abstracts B: Bacteriology KW - ehrlichiosis KW - surveillance KW - epidemiology KW - evaluation KW - tick-borne diseases KW - Demography KW - Rocky Mountain spotted fever KW - Age KW - Data processing KW - Borrelia KW - Ehrlichiosis KW - Territory KW - Monocytes KW - Lyme disease KW - J 02400:Human Diseases UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/21349207?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologyb&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Annals+of+the+New+York+Academy+of+Sciences&rft.atitle=National+Surveillance+for+the+Human+Ehrlichioses+in+the+United+States%2C+1997-2001%2C+and+Proposed+Methods+for+Evaluation+of+Data+Quality&rft.au=Gardner%2C+Stacy+L%3BHolman%2C+Robert+C%3BKrebs%2C+John+W%3BBerkelman%2C+Ruth%3BChilds%2C+James+E&rft.aulast=Gardner&rft.aufirst=Stacy&rft.date=2003-06-01&rft.volume=990&rft.issue=1&rft.spage=80&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Annals+of+the+New+York+Academy+of+Sciences&rft.issn=00778923&rft_id=info:doi/10.1111%2Fj.1749-6632.2003.tb07341.x LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2010-02-01 N1 - Last updated - 2015-03-31 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Demography; Rocky Mountain spotted fever; Age; Data processing; Territory; Ehrlichiosis; Monocytes; Lyme disease; Borrelia DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1749-6632.2003.tb07341.x ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Route of Transmission Alters the Infectivity of Anaplasma phagocytophila in Mice AN - 21130890; 8396737 JF - Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences AU - MASSUNG, ROBERT F AU - Priestley, Rachael A AU - Levin, Michael L AD - Division of Viral and Rickettsial Diseases, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia 30333, USA, rfm2@cdc.gov Y1 - 2003/06// PY - 2003 DA - Jun 2003 SP - 494 EP - 495 PB - Blackwell Publishing Ltd., 9600 Garsington Road VL - 990 IS - 1 SN - 0077-8923, 0077-8923 KW - Microbiology Abstracts B: Bacteriology KW - Anaplasma phagocytophila KW - HGE KW - human granulocytic erlichiosis KW - transmission KW - white-footed mouse KW - Infectivity KW - Anaplasma KW - J 02490:Miscellaneous UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/21130890?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologyb&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Annals+of+the+New+York+Academy+of+Sciences&rft.atitle=Route+of+Transmission+Alters+the+Infectivity+of+Anaplasma+phagocytophila+in+Mice&rft.au=MASSUNG%2C+ROBERT+F%3BPriestley%2C+Rachael+A%3BLevin%2C+Michael+L&rft.aulast=MASSUNG&rft.aufirst=ROBERT&rft.date=2003-06-01&rft.volume=990&rft.issue=1&rft.spage=494&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Annals+of+the+New+York+Academy+of+Sciences&rft.issn=00778923&rft_id=info:doi/10.1111%2Fj.1749-6632.2003.tb07416.x LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2010-01-01 N1 - Last updated - 2015-03-31 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Infectivity; Anaplasma DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1749-6632.2003.tb07416.x ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Seroimmunological Monitoring of Several Species of Rickettsiaceae and Bartonellaceae Circulating in the Moscow Region AN - 21125643; 8396724 JF - Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences AU - Ignatovich, V AU - PENKINA, G AU - Umnova, N AD - The Gamaleya Research Institute of Epidemiology and Microbiology, Gamaleya Street 18, 123098 Moscow, Russia, MEremeeva@cdc.gov Y1 - 2003/06// PY - 2003 DA - Jun 2003 SP - 419 EP - 423 PB - Blackwell Publishing Ltd., 9600 Garsington Road VL - 990 IS - 1 SN - 0077-8923, 0077-8923 KW - Microbiology Abstracts B: Bacteriology KW - Rickettsiaceae KW - Bartonellaceae KW - seroimmunological monitoring KW - Moscow region KW - Circulation KW - J 02490:Miscellaneous UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/21125643?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologyb&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Annals+of+the+New+York+Academy+of+Sciences&rft.atitle=Seroimmunological+Monitoring+of+Several+Species+of+Rickettsiaceae+and+Bartonellaceae+Circulating+in+the+Moscow+Region&rft.au=Ignatovich%2C+V%3BPENKINA%2C+G%3BUmnova%2C+N&rft.aulast=Ignatovich&rft.aufirst=V&rft.date=2003-06-01&rft.volume=990&rft.issue=1&rft.spage=419&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Annals+of+the+New+York+Academy+of+Sciences&rft.issn=00778923&rft_id=info:doi/10.1111%2Fj.1749-6632.2003.tb07404.x LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2010-01-01 N1 - Last updated - 2015-03-31 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Circulation DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1749-6632.2003.tb07404.x ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Serologic Evidence for a Novel Ehrlichia Species in Woodchucks (Marmota monax) from Pennsylvania, USA AN - 21124476; 8396784 JF - Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences AU - Nicholson, William L AU - Kuhar, Daniel J AU - Humphreys, Jan G AU - Childs, James E AD - Viral and Rickettsial Zoonoses Branch, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia 30333, USA, wnicholson@cdc.gov Y1 - 2003/06// PY - 2003 DA - Jun 2003 SP - 90 EP - 93 PB - Blackwell Publishing Ltd., 9600 Garsington Road VL - 990 IS - 1 SN - 0077-8923, 0077-8923 KW - Microbiology Abstracts B: Bacteriology KW - J 02490:Miscellaneous UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/21124476?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologyb&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Annals+of+the+New+York+Academy+of+Sciences&rft.atitle=Serologic+Evidence+for+a+Novel+Ehrlichia+Species+in+Woodchucks+%28Marmota+monax%29+from+Pennsylvania%2C+USA&rft.au=Nicholson%2C+William+L%3BKuhar%2C+Daniel+J%3BHumphreys%2C+Jan+G%3BChilds%2C+James+E&rft.aulast=Nicholson&rft.aufirst=William&rft.date=2003-06-01&rft.volume=990&rft.issue=1&rft.spage=90&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Annals+of+the+New+York+Academy+of+Sciences&rft.issn=00778923&rft_id=info:doi/10.1111%2Fj.1749-6632.2003.tb07342.x LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2010-01-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-14 DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1749-6632.2003.tb07342.x ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Do Chromosomal Deletions in the Lipopolysaccharide Biosynthetic Regions Explain All Cases of Phase Variation in Coxiella burnetii Strains? AN - 21124459; 8396765 JF - Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences AU - Thompson, Ha AU - Hoover, T A AU - Vodkin, M H AU - Shaw, E I AD - Viral and Rickettsial Zoonoses Branch, Division of Viral and Rickettsial Diseases, National Center for Infectious Diseases, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia 30333, USA, hct2@cdc.gov Y1 - 2003/06// PY - 2003 DA - Jun 2003 SP - 664 EP - 670 PB - Blackwell Publishing Ltd., 9600 Garsington Road VL - 990 IS - 1 SN - 0077-8923, 0077-8923 KW - Microbiology Abstracts B: Bacteriology; Biotechnology and Bioengineering Abstracts KW - Coxiella burnetii KW - phase variation KW - chromosomal deletions KW - Coxiella burnetii KW - Phase variations KW - Chromosome deletion KW - Lipopolysaccharides KW - J 02310:Genetics & Taxonomy KW - W 30965:Miscellaneous, Reviews UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/21124459?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologyb&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Annals+of+the+New+York+Academy+of+Sciences&rft.atitle=Do+Chromosomal+Deletions+in+the+Lipopolysaccharide+Biosynthetic+Regions+Explain+All+Cases+of+Phase+Variation+in+Coxiella+burnetii+Strains%3F&rft.au=Thompson%2C+Ha%3BHoover%2C+T+A%3BVodkin%2C+M+H%3BShaw%2C+E+I&rft.aulast=Thompson&rft.aufirst=Ha&rft.date=2003-06-01&rft.volume=990&rft.issue=1&rft.spage=664&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Annals+of+the+New+York+Academy+of+Sciences&rft.issn=00778923&rft_id=info:doi/10.1111%2Fj.1749-6632.2003.tb07441.x LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2010-01-01 N1 - Last updated - 2015-03-31 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Phase variations; Chromosome deletion; Lipopolysaccharides; Coxiella burnetii DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1749-6632.2003.tb07441.x ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Multiplex Taqman PCR Assay for Rapid Detection of Anaplasma phagocytophila and Borrelia burgdorferi AN - 21120505; 8396713 JF - Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences AU - Courtney, Joshua W AU - MASSUNG, ROBERT F AD - Viral and Rickettsial Zoonoses Branch, Division of Viral and Rickettsial Diseases, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia 30333, USA, rfm2@cdc.gov Y1 - 2003/06// PY - 2003 DA - Jun 2003 SP - 369 EP - 370 PB - Blackwell Publishing Ltd., 9600 Garsington Road VL - 990 IS - 1 SN - 0077-8923, 0077-8923 KW - Microbiology Abstracts B: Bacteriology KW - Lyme disease KW - Borrelia burgdorferi KW - Anaplasma phagocytophila KW - human granulocytic erlichiosis KW - Borrelia burgdorferi KW - Polymerase chain reaction KW - Anaplasma KW - J 02300:Methods UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/21120505?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologyb&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Annals+of+the+New+York+Academy+of+Sciences&rft.atitle=Multiplex+Taqman+PCR+Assay+for+Rapid+Detection+of+Anaplasma+phagocytophila+and+Borrelia+burgdorferi&rft.au=Courtney%2C+Joshua+W%3BMASSUNG%2C+ROBERT+F&rft.aulast=Courtney&rft.aufirst=Joshua&rft.date=2003-06-01&rft.volume=41&rft.issue=4&rft.spage=1507&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+Clinical+Microbiology&rft.issn=00951137&rft_id=info:doi/10.1128%2FJCM.41.4.1507-1511.2003 LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2010-01-01 N1 - Last updated - 2015-03-31 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Polymerase chain reaction; Borrelia burgdorferi; Anaplasma DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1749-6632.2003.tb07393.x ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Investigation of a Focus of Q Fever in a Nonfarming Population in the Federation of Bosnia and Herzegovina AN - 21120495; 8396686 JF - Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences AU - McQUISTON, J H AU - Gibbons, R V AU - Velic, R AU - Nicholson, W L AU - Castrodale, L AU - Wainright, Sh AU - VANNIEWENHOVEN, T J AU - Morgan, E W AU - ARAPOVIC, L AU - DELILIC, A AU - O'Reilly, M AU - Bajrovic, T AD - Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia, USA, fzh7@cdc.gov Y1 - 2003/06// PY - 2003 DA - Jun 2003 SP - 229 EP - 232 PB - Blackwell Publishing Ltd., 9600 Garsington Road VL - 990 IS - 1 SN - 0077-8923, 0077-8923 KW - Microbiology Abstracts B: Bacteriology KW - Q fever KW - Coxiella burnetii KW - acute infection KW - phase II antibody KW - J 02490:Miscellaneous UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/21120495?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologyb&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Annals+of+the+New+York+Academy+of+Sciences&rft.atitle=Investigation+of+a+Focus+of+Q+Fever+in+a+Nonfarming+Population+in+the+Federation+of+Bosnia+and+Herzegovina&rft.au=McQUISTON%2C+J+H%3BGibbons%2C+R+V%3BVelic%2C+R%3BNicholson%2C+W+L%3BCastrodale%2C+L%3BWainright%2C+Sh%3BVANNIEWENHOVEN%2C+T+J%3BMorgan%2C+E+W%3BARAPOVIC%2C+L%3BDELILIC%2C+A%3BO%27Reilly%2C+M%3BBajrovic%2C+T&rft.aulast=McQUISTON&rft.aufirst=J&rft.date=2003-06-01&rft.volume=990&rft.issue=1&rft.spage=229&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Annals+of+the+New+York+Academy+of+Sciences&rft.issn=00778923&rft_id=info:doi/10.1111%2Fj.1749-6632.2003.tb07368.x LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2010-01-01 N1 - Last updated - 2015-03-31 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Q fever DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1749-6632.2003.tb07368.x ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Characterization of Anaplasma phagocytophila and Borrelia burgdorferi Genotypes in Ixodes scapularis Ticks from Pennsylvania AN - 20855519; 8396669 JF - Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences AU - Courtney, Joshua W AU - Dryden, Richard L AU - WYLETO, PAUL AU - Schneider, Bradley S AU - MASSUNG, ROBERT F AD - Division of Viral and Rickettsial Diseases, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia, USA, rfm2@cdc.gov Y1 - 2003/06// PY - 2003 DA - Jun 2003 SP - 131 EP - 133 PB - Blackwell Publishing Ltd., 9600 Garsington Road VL - 990 IS - 1 SN - 0077-8923, 0077-8923 KW - Microbiology Abstracts B: Bacteriology; Entomology Abstracts KW - Ixodes scapularis KW - Anaplasma phagocytophila KW - Borrelia burgdorferi KW - Pennsylvania KW - Borrelia burgdorferi KW - Ixodidae KW - Ixodes scapularis KW - Genotypes KW - Anaplasma KW - J 02410:Animal Diseases KW - Z 05360:Genetics and Evolution UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/20855519?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologyb&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Annals+of+the+New+York+Academy+of+Sciences&rft.atitle=Characterization+of+Anaplasma+phagocytophila+and+Borrelia+burgdorferi+Genotypes+in+Ixodes+scapularis+Ticks+from+Pennsylvania&rft.au=Courtney%2C+Joshua+W%3BDryden%2C+Richard+L%3BWYLETO%2C+PAUL%3BSchneider%2C+Bradley+S%3BMASSUNG%2C+ROBERT+F&rft.aulast=Courtney&rft.aufirst=Joshua&rft.date=2003-06-01&rft.volume=990&rft.issue=1&rft.spage=131&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Annals+of+the+New+York+Academy+of+Sciences&rft.issn=00778923&rft_id=info:doi/10.1111%2Fj.1749-6632.2003.tb07351.x LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2008-09-01 N1 - Last updated - 2015-03-27 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Genotypes; Borrelia burgdorferi; Ixodidae; Ixodes scapularis; Anaplasma DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1749-6632.2003.tb07351.x ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Genetic Analysis of Isolates of Rickettsia rickettsii That Differ in Virulence AN - 19555704; 8396774 AB - We examined the degree of intraspecies genetic polymorphisms present among 13 R. rickettsii strains isolated from the blood of patients and ixodid ticks from North and South America. Preliminary confirmation of these isolates as R. rickettsii was done by evaluating RsaI and PstI restriction fragment length polymorphic (RFLP) sites in a 631 bp fragment of the rOmpA gene amplified with primers encompassing the Rr190.70-701 nt region. All isolates had the same profile, which was identical to that previously described for strain Bitterroot. The AluI RFLP analysis of the rOmpA fragment differentiated only HlpNUMBER2 isolate from the other strains. Two types of RFLP patterns were obtained for a 381 bp gltA fragment. Strains Bitterroot, Sheila Smith, Lost Horse Canyon, and Morgan contained an additional AluI fragment of 40 bp, compared to the four-band profile of 122, 87, 81, and 43 bp determined for other isolates. These differences correlated with the absence of a CGC insert in the former isolates as determined by comparative DNA sequence analysis. To measure the levels of deletion-mutation events among isolates of R. rickettsii, DNA sequence analysis was performed on a portion of a 2,672 bp region spanning the 3'-end of polA to the 5'-end of dnaE. Except for HlpNUMBER2 strain these isolates were highly conserved in the regions sequenced. JF - Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences AU - Eremeeva, Marina E AU - Klemt, Ryan M AU - Santucci-Domotor, Lisa A AU - Silverman, David J AU - Dasch, Gregory A AD - University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland 21201, USA, MEremeeva@cdc.gov Y1 - 2003/06// PY - 2003 DA - Jun 2003 SP - 717 EP - 722 PB - Blackwell Publishing Ltd., 9600 Garsington Road VL - 990 IS - 1 SN - 0077-8923, 0077-8923 KW - Microbiology Abstracts B: Bacteriology; Genetics Abstracts KW - Rickettsia rickettsii KW - gltA KW - metK KW - fossil gene KW - genomic variability KW - Virulence KW - Blood KW - rOmpA gene KW - Ixodidae KW - Nucleotide sequence KW - Gene polymorphism KW - Genetic analysis KW - Primers KW - Rickettsia rickettsii KW - Sheila KW - J 02410:Animal Diseases KW - G 07770:Bacteria UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/19555704?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologyb&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Annals+of+the+New+York+Academy+of+Sciences&rft.atitle=Genetic+Analysis+of+Isolates+of+Rickettsia+rickettsii+That+Differ+in+Virulence&rft.au=Eremeeva%2C+Marina+E%3BKlemt%2C+Ryan+M%3BSantucci-Domotor%2C+Lisa+A%3BSilverman%2C+David+J%3BDasch%2C+Gregory+A&rft.aulast=Eremeeva&rft.aufirst=Marina&rft.date=2003-06-01&rft.volume=990&rft.issue=1&rft.spage=717&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Annals+of+the+New+York+Academy+of+Sciences&rft.issn=00778923&rft_id=info:doi/10.1111%2Fj.1749-6632.2003.tb07449.x LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2008-12-01 N1 - Last updated - 2015-03-27 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Virulence; Blood; rOmpA gene; Gene polymorphism; Nucleotide sequence; Genetic analysis; Primers; Ixodidae; Sheila; Rickettsia rickettsii DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1749-6632.2003.tb07449.x ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Rickettsialpox in New York City AN - 19310756; 8396711 AB - AbstractRickettsialpox, a spotted fever rickettsiosis, was first identified in New York City (NYC) in 1946. During the next five years, approximately 540 additional cases were identified in NYC. However, during the subsequent five decades, rickettsialpox received relatively little attention from clinicians and public health professionals, and reporting of the disease diminished markedly. During February 2001 through August 2002, 34 cases of rickettsialpox in NYC were confirmed at CDC from cutaneous biopsy specimens tested by using immunohistochemical (IHC) staining, PCR analysis, and isolation of Rickettsia akari in cell culture, as well as an indirect immunofluorescence assay of serum specimens. Samples were collected from patients with febrile illnesses accompanied by an eschar, a papulovesicular rash, or both. Patients originated predominantly from two boroughs (Manhattan and the Bronx). Only 8 (24%) of the cases were identified prior to the reports of bioterrorism-associated anthrax in the United States during October 2001, and lesions of several patients evaluated during and subsequent to this episode were suspected initially to be cutaneous anthrax. IHC staining of biopsy specimens of eschars and papular lesions were positive for spotted fever group rickettsiae for 32 patients. Of the eleven patients for whom paired serum samples were obtained, all demonstrated fourfold or greater increases in antibody titers reactive with R. akari. The 17-kDa protein gene sequence of R. akari was amplified from eschars of five patients. Four isolates of R. akari were obtained from cutaneous lesions. Possible factors responsible for the increase in clinical samples evaluated for rickettsialpox during this interval include renewed clinical interest in the disease, improved diagnostic methods, epizootiological influences, and factors associated with the recent specter of bioterrorism. JF - Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences AU - Paddock, Christopher D AU - Zaki, Sherif R AU - Koss, Tamara AU - Singleton, Joseph AU - Sumner, John W AU - Comer, James A AU - Eremeeva, Marina E AU - Dasch, Gregory A AU - Cherry, Bryan AU - Childs, James E AD - Viral and Rickettsial Zoonoses Branch, Division of Viral and Rickettsial Diseases, National Center for Infectious Diseases, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia 30333, USA, cdp9@cdc.gov Y1 - 2003/06// PY - 2003 DA - Jun 2003 SP - 36 EP - 44 PB - Blackwell Publishing Ltd., 9600 Garsington Road VL - 990 IS - 1 SN - 0077-8923, 0077-8923 KW - Microbiology Abstracts B: Bacteriology KW - rickettsialpox KW - Rickettsia akari KW - urban zoonoses KW - bioterrorism KW - Rickettsiosis KW - Cell culture KW - Biopsy KW - Immunofluorescence KW - Rickettsialpox KW - Public health KW - Exanthema KW - Antibodies KW - Spotted fevers KW - Proteins KW - Anthrax KW - Polymerase chain reaction KW - Amino acid sequence KW - J 02400:Human Diseases UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/19310756?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologyb&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Annals+of+the+New+York+Academy+of+Sciences&rft.atitle=Rickettsialpox+in+New+York+City&rft.au=Paddock%2C+Christopher+D%3BZaki%2C+Sherif+R%3BKoss%2C+Tamara%3BSingleton%2C+Joseph%3BSumner%2C+John+W%3BComer%2C+James+A%3BEremeeva%2C+Marina+E%3BDasch%2C+Gregory+A%3BCherry%2C+Bryan%3BChilds%2C+James+E&rft.aulast=Paddock&rft.aufirst=Christopher&rft.date=2003-06-01&rft.volume=990&rft.issue=1&rft.spage=36&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Annals+of+the+New+York+Academy+of+Sciences&rft.issn=00778923&rft_id=info:doi/10.1111%2Fj.1749-6632.2003.tb07334.x LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2008-12-01 N1 - Last updated - 2015-03-27 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - bioterrorism; Biopsy; Cell culture; Rickettsiosis; Immunofluorescence; Rickettsialpox; Public health; Exanthema; Antibodies; Spotted fevers; Polymerase chain reaction; Anthrax; Proteins; Amino acid sequence DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1749-6632.2003.tb07334.x ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Transmission Efficiency of the AP-Variant 1 Strain of Anaplasma phagocytophila AN - 19309659; 8396780 AB - AbstractNymphal Ixodes scapularis ticks were collected from several sites in Rhode Island. DNA was extracted from a subset of these ticks, and PCR and DNA sequencing of the 16S rRNA gene were used to determine the ratio of Anaplasma phagocytophila-human agent (AP-ha) to a genetic variant not associated with human disease (AP-Variant 1). The remaining ticks were allowed to feed to repletion on either white-footed (Peromyscus leucopus) or DBA-2 (Mus musculus) mice. The engorged ticks, and blood samples drawn from each mouse at one-week intervals, were evaluated by PCR and DNA sequencing for the presence of AP-ha and Variant 1. Although a high percentage of the infecting ticks harbored AP-Variant 1, only AP-ha was amplified from the mouse blood samples. Because the A. phagocytophila variant did not establish an infection either in the natural reservoir of AP-ha, the white-footed mouse, or in a common research laboratory mouse (DBA-2), AP-Variant 1 may have an alternative natural reservoir, possibly the white-tailed deer. JF - Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences AU - MASSUNG, ROBERT F AU - Mather, Thomas N AU - Priestley, Rachael A AU - Levin, Michael L AD - Division of Viral and Rickettsial Diseases, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia 30333, USA, rfm2@cdc.gov Y1 - 2003/06// PY - 2003 DA - Jun 2003 SP - 75 EP - 79 PB - Blackwell Publishing Ltd., 9600 Garsington Road VL - 990 IS - 1 SN - 0077-8923, 0077-8923 KW - Microbiology Abstracts B: Bacteriology; Entomology Abstracts KW - Anaplasma phagocytophila KW - Ixodes scapularis KW - ticks KW - molecular epidemiology KW - DNA sequencing KW - Ixodidae KW - Polymerase chain reaction KW - Infection KW - Anaplasma KW - Musculus KW - rRNA 16S KW - J 02410:Animal Diseases KW - Z 05300:General UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/19309659?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologyb&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Annals+of+the+New+York+Academy+of+Sciences&rft.atitle=Transmission+Efficiency+of+the+AP-Variant+1+Strain+of+Anaplasma+phagocytophila&rft.au=MASSUNG%2C+ROBERT+F%3BMather%2C+Thomas+N%3BPriestley%2C+Rachael+A%3BLevin%2C+Michael+L&rft.aulast=MASSUNG&rft.aufirst=ROBERT&rft.date=2003-06-01&rft.volume=990&rft.issue=1&rft.spage=75&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Annals+of+the+New+York+Academy+of+Sciences&rft.issn=00778923&rft_id=info:doi/10.1111%2Fj.1749-6632.2003.tb07340.x LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2008-09-01 N1 - Last updated - 2015-03-27 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - DNA sequencing; Polymerase chain reaction; Infection; rRNA 16S; Ixodidae; Musculus; Anaplasma DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1749-6632.2003.tb07340.x ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Rickettsia rickettsii Infection in the Pine Vole, Microtus pinetorum AN - 19308768; 8396733 AB - AbstractThe pine vole, Microtus pinetorum, was evaluated as a laboratory animal model for infection with Rickettsia rickettsii. Voles demonstrated signs of acute disease, and 45% of infected animals died following intraperitoneal infection with 3 106 plaque forming units of R. rickettsii. Spleen, liver, kidney, lung, brain, testes and blood were analyzed for rickettsial burden by a quantitative PCR assay. The distribution of rickettsiae in tissues during the course of infection was determined by immunohistochemical staining and pathological changes in tissues were correlated with the clinical severity of infection. Quantitative RT-PCR assays were designed to measure the mRNA levels of the antioxidant enzyme genes for catalase, glutathione peroxidase, glutathione reductase, heme oxygenase, Cu-Zn superoxide dismutase (SOD) and Mn-SOD, and 2 housekeeping genes, actin and glyceraldehyde phosphate dehydrogenase. Tissues from acutely ill animals on days 2 to 6 of infection, convalescent animals, and uninfected control animals were studied. The number of transcripts of each enzyme gene was determined and compared to the degree of rickettsial infection present. These studies demonstrate that the pine vole is a valuable experimental model for studying infection with R. rickettsii. Our results provide the first experimental evidence that R. rickettsii causes alteration(s) of the anti-oxidant system in vivo. JF - Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences AU - Eremeeva, Marina E AU - Liang, Zhongxing AU - Paddock, Christopher AU - Zaki, Sherif AU - Vandenbergh, John G AU - Dasch, Gregory A AU - Silverman, David J AD - Viral and Rickettsial Zoonoses Branch, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia 30333, USA, MEremeeva@cdc.gov Y1 - 2003/06// PY - 2003 DA - Jun 2003 SP - 468 EP - 473 PB - Blackwell Publishing Ltd., 9600 Garsington Road VL - 990 IS - 1 SN - 0077-8923, 0077-8923 KW - Microbiology Abstracts B: Bacteriology KW - Rickettsia rickettsii KW - animal model KW - pathogenesis KW - oxidative injury KW - glutathione reductase KW - Testes KW - Antioxidants KW - Laboratory animals KW - Animal models KW - Infection KW - dehydrogenase KW - Superoxide dismutase KW - Glutathione peroxidase KW - Glyceraldehyde KW - Polymerase chain reaction KW - Actin KW - Plaques KW - Rickettsia rickettsii KW - Brain KW - Spleen KW - Enzymes KW - Heme oxygenase (decyclizing) KW - Catalase KW - Blood KW - Microtus pinetorum KW - Phosphate KW - Lung KW - Kidney KW - Liver KW - J 02410:Animal Diseases UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/19308768?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologyb&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Annals+of+the+New+York+Academy+of+Sciences&rft.atitle=Rickettsia+rickettsii+Infection+in+the+Pine+Vole%2C+Microtus+pinetorum&rft.au=Eremeeva%2C+Marina+E%3BLiang%2C+Zhongxing%3BPaddock%2C+Christopher%3BZaki%2C+Sherif%3BVandenbergh%2C+John+G%3BDasch%2C+Gregory+A%3BSilverman%2C+David+J&rft.aulast=Eremeeva&rft.aufirst=Marina&rft.date=2003-06-01&rft.volume=990&rft.issue=1&rft.spage=468&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Annals+of+the+New+York+Academy+of+Sciences&rft.issn=00778923&rft_id=info:doi/10.1111%2Fj.1749-6632.2003.tb07412.x LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2008-12-01 N1 - Last updated - 2015-03-27 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Testes; glutathione reductase; Antioxidants; Brain; Animal models; Laboratory animals; Enzymes; Spleen; Heme oxygenase (decyclizing); Infection; dehydrogenase; Catalase; Blood; Phosphate; Glutathione peroxidase; Superoxide dismutase; Lung; Liver; Kidney; Polymerase chain reaction; Glyceraldehyde; Plaques; Actin; Microtus pinetorum; Rickettsia rickettsii DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1749-6632.2003.tb07412.x ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Rapid Deployment and Operation of a Q Fever Field Laboratory in Bosnia and Herzegovina AN - 19308341; 8396701 AB - AbstractIn May 2000, CDC was asked to assemble a team to investigate reports of a widespread outbreak of Q fever (Coxiella burnetii infection) in Bosnia-Herzegovina. Brucellosis was also suspected in the outbreak. In a short period of time, we were able to gather supplies, establish collaboration, and rapidly deploy a field laboratory for the serodiagnostic testing of animal and human specimens. Strategy, problems, and insights on organization, transport, and deployment will be discussed. JF - Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences AU - Nicholson, William L AU - McQUISTON, JENNIFER AU - VANNIEUWENHOVEN, TY J AU - Morgan, Earl W AD - Viral and Rickettsial Zoonoses Branch, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia 30333, USA, wnicholson@cdc.gov Y1 - 2003/06// PY - 2003 DA - Jun 2003 SP - 320 EP - 326 PB - Blackwell Publishing Ltd., 9600 Garsington Road VL - 990 IS - 1 SN - 0077-8923, 0077-8923 KW - Microbiology Abstracts B: Bacteriology KW - Q fever KW - Coxiella burnetii KW - Bosnia-Herzegovina KW - field laboratory establishment KW - Infection KW - Brucellosis KW - double prime Q fever KW - J 02400:Human Diseases UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/19308341?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologyb&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Annals+of+the+New+York+Academy+of+Sciences&rft.atitle=Rapid+Deployment+and+Operation+of+a+Q+Fever+Field+Laboratory+in+Bosnia+and+Herzegovina&rft.au=Nicholson%2C+William+L%3BMcQUISTON%2C+JENNIFER%3BVANNIEUWENHOVEN%2C+TY+J%3BMorgan%2C+Earl+W&rft.aulast=Nicholson&rft.aufirst=William&rft.date=2003-06-01&rft.volume=990&rft.issue=1&rft.spage=320&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Annals+of+the+New+York+Academy+of+Sciences&rft.issn=00778923&rft_id=info:doi/10.1111%2Fj.1749-6632.2003.tb07382.x LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2008-12-01 N1 - Last updated - 2015-03-27 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Brucellosis; Infection; double prime Q fever DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1749-6632.2003.tb07382.x ER - TY - JOUR T1 - The Cost-Effectiveness of Single-Dose Azithromycin for Treatment of Incubating Syphilis AN - 19237329; 5806869 AB - Treatment of incubating syphilis with intramuscular benzathine penicillin in exposed sex partners is not always practical in the field, and exposed partners may not adhere to referrals for treatment at clinical facilities. The availability of a single-dose oral therapy could increase the number of partners treated and reduce future infections. The goal of the study was to evaluate the cost-effectiveness of directly observed oral administration of azithromycin as an alternative to referral for treatment with benzathine penicillin. Using published probability and cost estimates, we constructed a decision-analysis model to compare the direct costs and effectiveness of field treatment with azithromycin (1-g single dose) versus referral for standard benzathine penicillin therapy. At public-sector pricing ($11.50 U.S.), directly observed field treatment with azithromycin is cost-saving from both the program and healthcare system perspectives at efficacy levels as low as 75%. Azithromycin therapy is cost-saving at the wholesale price of $17.32 (sachet formulation) when efficacy is at least 90%. The more expensive tablet formulation (average wholesale price of $27.89) is not cost-saving from a program perspective, but it remains cost-saving from a healthcare system perspective if efficacy rates are at least 90%. Azithromycin therapy (1-g single dose) will result in fewer cases of early syphilis among exposed partners, provided that the drug's efficacy is at least 87%. Azithromycin is a cost-effective alternative treatment for incubating syphilis in settings where standard intramuscular therapy is not practical. JF - Sexually Transmitted Diseases AU - Blandford, J M AU - Gift, T L AD - Division of STD Prevention, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, 1600 Clifton Road NE, Atlanta, GA 30333, USA, jblandford@cdc.gov Y1 - 2003/06// PY - 2003 DA - Jun 2003 SP - 502 EP - 508 VL - 30 IS - 6 KW - benzathine KW - Microbiology Abstracts B: Bacteriology KW - Azithromycin KW - Economics KW - Treponema pallidum KW - Syphilis KW - Penicillin KW - J 02849:Sexually-transmitted diseases UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/19237329?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologyb&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Sexually+Transmitted+Diseases&rft.atitle=The+Cost-Effectiveness+of+Single-Dose+Azithromycin+for+Treatment+of+Incubating+Syphilis&rft.au=Blandford%2C+J+M%3BGift%2C+T+L&rft.aulast=Blandford&rft.aufirst=J&rft.date=2003-06-01&rft.volume=30&rft.issue=6&rft.spage=502&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Sexually+Transmitted+Diseases&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Treponema pallidum; Economics; Penicillin; Azithromycin; Syphilis ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Implementing the National Arthritis Action Plan: New population-based approaches to increasing physical activity among people with arthritis AN - 18928638; 5699002 JF - Arthritis Care and Research AU - Brady, T J AU - Sniezek, JE AD - Arthritis Program, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, 4770 Buford Highway, MS-45, Atlanta, GA 30341, USA, tob9@cdc.gov Y1 - 2003/06// PY - 2003 DA - Jun 2003 SP - 471 EP - 476 VL - 49 IS - 3 SN - 0893-7524, 0893-7524 KW - Physical Education Index KW - Arthritis KW - Planning KW - Exercise KW - Treatment KW - PE 030:Exercise, Health & Physical Fitness UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/18928638?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aphysicaleducation&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Arthritis+Care+and+Research&rft.atitle=Implementing+the+National+Arthritis+Action+Plan%3A+New+population-based+approaches+to+increasing+physical+activity+among+people+with+arthritis&rft.au=Brady%2C+T+J%3BSniezek%2C+JE&rft.aulast=Brady&rft.aufirst=T&rft.date=2003-06-01&rft.volume=49&rft.issue=3&rft.spage=471&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Arthritis+Care+and+Research&rft.issn=08937524&rft_id=info:doi/10.1002%2Fart.11052 LA - English DB - Physical Education Index N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Arthritis; Planning; Exercise; Treatment DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/art.11052 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Interdecadal change in the Asia-Africa summer monsoon and its associated changes in global atmospheric circulation AN - 18898433; 5632152 AB - Previous studies have noted that summer precipitation in the sub-Saharan region of North Africa showed a large decrease around the year 1968, and this drought has persisted for much of the period since then. A trend toward decreased summer precipitation is also observed in northeast China. A decrease in precipitation over northeastern China also began around 1968. In this study, we examine the changes in atmospheric circulation that are associated with the interdecadal changes in summer precipitation over Asia and Africa. Data from the reanalysis project by the National Center for Environmental Prediction and National Center for Atmospheric Research (NCEP reanalysis) are used. Precipitation based on the NCEP reanalysis are compared to precipitation observed at stations in China and the sub-Saharan region. We found that the NCEP reanalysis precipitation well represents both the sign and timing of the observed (in situ) change in the summer precipitation over North Africa, as well as the spatial pattern of the observed precipitation changes over eastern China. We have also examined corresponding changes in 850 and 200 mb divergent and rotational circulation features in the NCEP reanalysis. The persistent drought over the sub-Saharan North Africa (the Sahel region) is accompanied by pronounced intensification of divergence (convergence) in the lower (upper) troposphere above the region. The persistent drought in the Sahel is related to changes in the Asia summer monsoon in two ways: (1) In the tropics, the intensification of the lower level divergence is accompanied by stronger convergence over Southeast Asia where summer precipitation increased. The changes in the divergent circulation implies an interdecadal change in the zonal circulation in the tropics, with stronger convergence over Southeast Asia leading to an intensified Hadley cell over East Asia, and associated stronger descending motion and lower level divergence over the region of northeast China. (2) The persistent drought over North Africa became a source of planetary wave activity that helped in the development of stronger anticyclones over northeast China and the south Indian Ocean. JF - Global and Planetary Change AU - Quan, X-W AU - Diaz, H F AU - Fu, C-B AD - NOAA-CIRES Climate Diagnostic Center, 325 Broadway, Boulder, CO, USA, qxw@cdc.noaa.gov Y1 - 2003/06// PY - 2003 DA - Jun 2003 SP - 171 EP - 188 VL - 37 IS - 3-4 SN - 0921-8181, 0921-8181 KW - Water Resources Abstracts; ASFA 2: Ocean Technology Policy & Non-Living Resources; Oceanic Abstracts; Meteorological & Geoastrophysical Abstracts KW - ISW, South Indian Ocean KW - Drought KW - Africa, North KW - Africa, West, Sahel Region KW - Ocean-atmosphere system KW - Monsoon-atmospheric circulation variations KW - Anticyclones KW - Droughts KW - Marine KW - Summer monsoon KW - Monsoon-atmospheric circulation relationships KW - Planetary waves KW - Troposphere KW - Atmospheric circulation KW - Precipitation KW - Summer precipitation distribution KW - Oceans KW - Africa, Sahara Desert KW - Africa KW - China, People's Rep. KW - ISEW, Southeast Asia KW - Monsoons KW - M2 551.553.21:Monsoons (551.553.21) KW - SW 0815:Precipitation KW - Q2 09244:Air-sea coupling KW - O 2070:Meteorology KW - M2 551.513.1:Mechanics and thermodynamics (551.513.1) UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/18898433?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Awaterresources&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Global+and+Planetary+Change&rft.atitle=Interdecadal+change+in+the+Asia-Africa+summer+monsoon+and+its+associated+changes+in+global+atmospheric+circulation&rft.au=Quan%2C+X-W%3BDiaz%2C+H+F%3BFu%2C+C-B&rft.aulast=Quan&rft.aufirst=X-W&rft.date=2003-06-01&rft.volume=37&rft.issue=3-4&rft.spage=171&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Global+and+Planetary+Change&rft.issn=09218181&rft_id=info:doi/10.1016%2FS0921-8181%2802%2900200-X LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Last updated - 2014-05-07 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Planetary waves; Ocean-atmosphere system; Troposphere; Atmospheric circulation; Anticyclones; Droughts; Monsoons; Summer monsoon; Monsoon-atmospheric circulation relationships; Monsoon-atmospheric circulation variations; Summer precipitation distribution; Oceans; Drought; Precipitation; ISW, South Indian Ocean; Africa, West, Sahel Region; Africa, Sahara Desert; Africa; China, People's Rep.; ISEW, Southeast Asia; Africa, North; Marine DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0921-8181(02)00200-X ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Prevention of knee injuries in sports: A systematic review of the literature AN - 18867816; 5711164 AB - We reviewed evidence regarding risk factors associated with incidence of knee injuries both to assess the effectiveness of prevention strategies, and to offer evidence-based recommendations to physicians, coaches, trainers, athletes, and researchers. We searched electronic data bases without language restriction for the years 1966 - September 1, 2001, identified citations from reference sections of research papers retrieved, contacted experts in the field, and searched the Cochrane Collaboration. Of the 328 citations identified, we emphasized the results from the 13 reports that compared alternative methods to prevent knee injury and assessed the methodologic quality of these reports using a standardized instrument. Five studies addressed the effectiveness of bracing in football players; these studies showed no consistent evidence of benefit. Two studies comparing alternative cleat designs and a controlled study testing the effects of adjustments in the ski boot/binding system were difficult to interpret because of inadequate reporting of methodology. Six prospective studies that addressed the impact of conditioning and training showed promise of proprioception and neuromuscular training for protection against knee injury. We identified serious flaws in study design, control of bias, and statistical methods; the median quality scores ranged from 11 to 56 (out of 100). Structured training programs that emphasize neuromuscular and proprioceptive training offer encouraging evidence for the prevention of knee injuries. However, flaws in study design and implementation have limited the effectiveness of work in this field. A rigorously implemented research program is needed to address this critically important sports medicine problem. JF - Journal of Sports Medicine and Physical Fitness AU - Thacker, S B AU - Stroup, D F AU - Branche, C M AU - Gilchrist, J AU - Goodman, R A AU - Kelling, E P AD - Epidemiology Program Office, CDC, 1600 Clifton Road, MS C08 Atlanta, GA 30333, USA, dfs2@cdc.gov Y1 - 2003/06// PY - 2003 DA - Jun 2003 SP - 165 EP - 179 VL - 43 IS - 2 SN - 0022-4707, 0022-4707 KW - Physical Education Index KW - PE 090:Sports Medicine & Exercise Sport Science UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/18867816?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aphysicaleducation&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Sports+Medicine+and+Physical+Fitness&rft.atitle=Prevention+of+knee+injuries+in+sports%3A+A+systematic+review+of+the+literature&rft.au=Thacker%2C+S+B%3BStroup%2C+D+F%3BBranche%2C+C+M%3BGilchrist%2C+J%3BGoodman%2C+R+A%3BKelling%2C+E+P&rft.aulast=Thacker&rft.aufirst=S&rft.date=2003-06-01&rft.volume=43&rft.issue=2&rft.spage=165&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+Sports+Medicine+and+Physical+Fitness&rft.issn=00224707&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - Physical Education Index N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Assessment of the Scientific Basis for Genetic Testing of Railroad Workers with Carpal Tunnel Syndrome AN - 18825824; 5692411 AB - In 2000, approximately 20 railroad track workers who filed injury reports or compensation claims for carpal tunnel syndrome were tested by their employer for two genetic traits to determine the work relatedness of the condition. The testing involved deletions, variants, or mutations in the genetic coding for peripheral myelin protein (PMP22) and transthyretin (TTR). This article is an assessment of whether there is a scientific basis for such testing. A review of the scientific literature indicated that neither the scientific basis nor the population validity of the PMP22 or TTR tests for carpal tunnel syndrome were adequately established before use on railroad track workers in 2000. Although ethical and legal issues may predominate in this case, the absence of a compelling scientific basis undermines the decision to conduct the tests. JF - Journal of Occupational and Environmental Medicine AU - Schulte, P A AU - Lomax, G AD - NIOSH, MS-C14, 4676 Columbia Pkwy, Cincinnati, OH 45226, USA, pas4@cdc.gov Y1 - 2003/06// PY - 2003 DA - Jun 2003 SP - 592 EP - 600 VL - 45 IS - 6 SN - 1076-2752, 1076-2752 KW - carpal tunnel syndrome KW - genetic testing KW - working conditions KW - Health & Safety Science Abstracts KW - H 1000:Occupational Safety and Health UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/18825824?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Ahealthsafetyabstracts&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Occupational+and+Environmental+Medicine&rft.atitle=Assessment+of+the+Scientific+Basis+for+Genetic+Testing+of+Railroad+Workers+with+Carpal+Tunnel+Syndrome&rft.au=Schulte%2C+P+A%3BLomax%2C+G&rft.aulast=Schulte&rft.aufirst=P&rft.date=2003-06-01&rft.volume=45&rft.issue=6&rft.spage=592&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+Occupational+and+Environmental+Medicine&rft.issn=10762752&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Kaposi's Sarcoma in Uganda: Risk Factors for Human Herpesvirus 8 Infection Among Blood Donors AN - 18824055; 5692445 AB - Human herpesvirus 8 (HHV-8) is etiologically linked to Kaposi's sarcoma, a common cancer in Uganda. The authors assessed HHV-8 seroprevalence, risk factors for infection, and HHV-8 assays in a cross-sectional study of Ugandan blood donors. Of 3,736 specimens, the authors selected 203 reactive for HIV, hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg), or syphilis, and, randomly, 203 nonreactive specimens. For HHV-8 testing, the authors used two peptide-based enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays (EIAs), ORFK8.1 and ORF65, and an immunofluorescence assay (IFA). Specimens reactive in at least two assays or on IFA alone were considered HHV-8-seropositive. Prevalence estimates were weighted to account for the sampling scheme. Overall HHV-8 seroprevalence was 40%. HHV-8 seroprevalence was higher among HBsAg-positive donors (53%) than HBsAg-negative donors (39%; p = .02) and higher among HIV-positive donors (63%) than HIV-negative donors (39%; p < .001). HHV-8 seroreactivity showed no trend with age. Kappa values for assay concordances were 0.68 (ORFK8.1 EIA and IFA), 0.37 (ORF65 EIA and K8.1 EIA), and 0.29 (ORF65 EIA and IFA). The association between HHV-8 and HBsAg positivity and the lack of association between HHV-8 and age point to primarily nonsexual HHV-8 transmission during childhood. The association with HIV indicates sexual transmission may also occur. The role of ORF65 EIA in testing specimens from Africa warrants further evaluation. JF - JAIDS Journal of Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndromes AU - Hladik, W AU - Dollard, S C AU - Downing, R G AU - Kataaha, P AU - Pellett, P E AU - Karon, J M AU - Mermin, J AU - Lackritz, E M AD - Global AIDS Program, National Center for HIV, STD, and TB Prevention, CDC, MS E-30, 1600 Clifton Road, Atlanta, GA 30333, USA, wfh3@cdc.gov Y1 - 2003/06/01/ PY - 2003 DA - 2003 Jun 01 SP - 206 EP - 210 VL - 33 IS - 2 SN - 1525-4135, 1525-4135 KW - HIV KW - Kaposi's sarcoma KW - blood donors KW - man KW - Virology & AIDS Abstracts; Risk Abstracts KW - V 22123:Epidemiology KW - R2 23060:Medical and environmental health KW - V 22114:Human oncogenic viruses KW - V 22004:AIDS: Clinical aspects UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/18824055?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Ariskabstracts&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=JAIDS+Journal+of+Acquired+Immune+Deficiency+Syndromes&rft.atitle=Kaposi%27s+Sarcoma+in+Uganda%3A+Risk+Factors+for+Human+Herpesvirus+8+Infection+Among+Blood+Donors&rft.au=Hladik%2C+W%3BDollard%2C+S+C%3BDowning%2C+R+G%3BKataaha%2C+P%3BPellett%2C+P+E%3BKaron%2C+J+M%3BMermin%2C+J%3BLackritz%2C+E+M&rft.aulast=Hladik&rft.aufirst=W&rft.date=2003-06-01&rft.volume=33&rft.issue=2&rft.spage=206&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=JAIDS+Journal+of+Acquired+Immune+Deficiency+Syndromes&rft.issn=15254135&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Phenotypic Description and Antimicrobial Susceptibilities of Aerococcus sanguinicola Isolates from Human Clinical Samples AN - 18816330; 5684616 AB - This report describes the clinical sources and phenotypic characterization of 16 isolates of Aerococcus sanguinicola. Sixteen conventional tests were used to describe and differentiate the 16 isolates of A. sanguinicola from 30 strains of Aerococcus viridans, 27 strains of Aerococcus urinae, and a single strain each of Aerococcus christensenii and Aerococcus urinaehominis. The phenotypic characterizations of the type strains for each species and 14 A. sanguinicola isolates were also compared in the two reference laboratories. A. sanguinicola are catalase-negative, vancomycin- susceptible, gram-positive cocci arranged in clusters and tetrads, as are all Aerococcus species except A. christensenii (which is arranged in short chains). All 16 isolates of A. sanguinicola were leucine aminopeptidase and pyrrolidonylarylamidase positive, which is unique to this species among the aerococci. All A. sanguinicola isolates grew in broth containing 6.5% NaCl, hydrolyzed hippurate, and were variable in the bile-esculin test. None of the isolates deaminated arginine or were Voges-Proskauer positive. The type strain of A. sanguinicola was isolated from a blood culture of a patient living in Denmark. Seven additional isolates were from patients living in Canada, all with urinary tract infections (six were female). Eight isolates were from patients living in five different states in the United States; five were from patients with urinary tract infections, and three were from blood cultures of one patient each with pneumonia, suspected endocarditis, and unknown clinical conditions. The antimicrobial susceptibility patterns were unremarkable; all isolates tested were susceptible to penicillin, amoxicillin, cefotaxime, cefuroxime, erythromycin, chloramphenicol, vancomycin, quinupristin-dalfopristin (Synercid), rifampin, linezolid, and tetracycline. Six of the 15 cultures were resistant to ciprofloxacin and levofloxacin, but all 15 strains were susceptible to sparfloxacin. High-level resistance was detected for meropenem (2 strains) and trimethoprim-sulfamethonazole (1 strain). Intermediate resistance was detected for trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole (10 strains) and clindamycin (3 strains). JF - Journal of Clinical Microbiology AU - Facklam, R AU - Lovgren, M AU - Shewmaker, P L AU - Tyrrell, G AD - Centers for Disease Control & Prevention, Mail Stop C0-2, 1600 Clifton Rd., NE, Atlanta, GA 30333, Rfacklam@cdc.gov Y1 - 2003/06// PY - 2003 DA - Jun 2003 SP - 2587 EP - 2592 PB - American Society for Microbiology, 1752 N Street N.W. Washington, DC 20036 USA, [URL:http://www.asm.org/] VL - 41 IS - 6 SN - 0095-1137, 0095-1137 KW - pyrrolidonylarylamidase KW - Microbiology Abstracts B: Bacteriology KW - J 02814:Drug resistance UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/18816330?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologyb&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Clinical+Microbiology&rft.atitle=Phenotypic+Description+and+Antimicrobial+Susceptibilities+of+Aerococcus+sanguinicola+Isolates+from+Human+Clinical+Samples&rft.au=Facklam%2C+R%3BLovgren%2C+M%3BShewmaker%2C+P+L%3BTyrrell%2C+G&rft.aulast=Facklam&rft.aufirst=R&rft.date=2003-06-01&rft.volume=41&rft.issue=6&rft.spage=2587&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+Clinical+Microbiology&rft.issn=00951137&rft_id=info:doi/10.1128%2FJCM.41.6.2587-2592.2003 LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/JCM.41.6.2587-2592.2003 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - The World Health Organization's External Quality Assurance System Proficiency Testing Program Has Improved the Accuracy of Antimicrobial Susceptibility Testing and Reporting among Participating Laboratories Using NCCLS Methods AN - 18814230; 5684597 AB - A total of 150 laboratories in 33 countries that followed the NCCLS testing procedures participated in the World Health Organization's External Quality Assurance System for Antimicrobial Susceptibility Testing (EQAS-AST) from January 1998 through March 2001. Laboratories tested seven bacterial isolates for antimicrobial resistance and reported the results to the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) in Atlanta, Ga. The results were compared to the results generated at the CDC with the NCCLS broth microdilution and disk diffusion reference methods. Although there were few testing errors with Salmonella enterica subsp. enterica serovar Enteritidis, drugs that are not appropriate for therapy of Salmonella infections were tested and reported by 136 (91%) of 150 laboratories. In addition, 29 (20%) of 150 laboratories used the Staphylococcus aureus breakpoints to report oxacillin results for Staphylococcus saprophyticus. For a vanB-containing Enterococcus faecalis strain, 124 (83%) of 150 laboratories correctly reported vancomycin results that were plus or minus 1 doubling dilution from the reference MIC or plus or minus 3 mm from the reference disk diffusion result. Of the laboratories that tested Streptococcus agalactiae by disk diffusion, 17% reported nonsusceptible results for penicillin in error. While 110 laboratories (73%) tested the S. pneumoniae challenge isolate against a fluoroquinolone, 83% tested it against ciprofloxacin, for which there are no NCCLS interpretive criteria. Ten of 12 laboratories testing levofloxacin and 4 of 4 laboratories testing ofloxacin by an MIC method correctly reported resistant results for the isolate. Feedback letters sent to participating laboratories highlighted areas of susceptibility testing in individual laboratories that needed improvement. The positive impact of the feedback letters and the overall effectiveness of the EQAS program were documented in repeat testing challenges with pneumococci and staphylococci. The 31 and 19% increases in the numbers of laboratories using appropriate testing methods for pneumococci and staphylococci, respectively, in 2000 versus 1998 indicate that laboratory performance is improving. JF - Journal of Clinical Microbiology AU - Chaitram, J M AU - Jevitt, LA AU - Lary, S AU - Tenover, F C AD - Division of Healthcare Quality Promotion, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, 1600 Clifton Rd., MS G-08, Atlanta, GA 30333, zoa6@cdc.gov Y1 - 2003/06// PY - 2003 DA - Jun 2003 SP - 2372 EP - 2377 PB - American Society for Microbiology, 1752 N Street N.W. Washington, DC 20036 USA, [URL:http://www.asm.org/] VL - 41 IS - 6 SN - 0095-1137, 0095-1137 KW - ciprofloxacin KW - levofloxacin KW - oxacillin KW - penicillin KW - vancomycin KW - Microbiology Abstracts B: Bacteriology KW - J 02812:Antibacterial Agents: Others UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/18814230?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologyb&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Clinical+Microbiology&rft.atitle=The+World+Health+Organization%27s+External+Quality+Assurance+System+Proficiency+Testing+Program+Has+Improved+the+Accuracy+of+Antimicrobial+Susceptibility+Testing+and+Reporting+among+Participating+Laboratories+Using+NCCLS+Methods&rft.au=Chaitram%2C+J+M%3BJevitt%2C+LA%3BLary%2C+S%3BTenover%2C+F+C&rft.aulast=Chaitram&rft.aufirst=J&rft.date=2003-06-01&rft.volume=41&rft.issue=6&rft.spage=2372&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+Clinical+Microbiology&rft.issn=00951137&rft_id=info:doi/10.1128%2FJCM.41.6.2372-2377.2003 LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/JCM.41.6.2372-2377.2003 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Federal government regulation of occupational skin exposure in the USA AN - 18803993; 5677965 AB - There are at least 14 federal regulations and three agencies that are involved in the regulation of occupational skin exposures in the USA. The Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) requires the reporting of health effects information on chemicals, and such information is used to assess the risks of human and environmental exposure. The health effects information and any resulting risk assessments are generally available to the public. A fair amount of this information relates to skin irritation, sensitization, and dermal absorption. The EPA can require the submission of new data necessary for it to carry out its risk assessments, and has the authority to ban hazardous chemicals for certain uses. The Food and Drug Administration (FDA) regulates the correct labeling of cosmetics and requires safety and efficacy data on new products that are claimed to have preventive or health benefits. Commercial distribution of topical skin-care and protection products, therefore, can be potentially scrutinized by the FDA, which can control the use of hazardous chemicals in such products. The Occupational Safety and Health Administration (OSHA) has the most direct contact with workplaces through its field inspection compliance activity, which is directed at the reduction of workplace injuries and illnesses. Our analysis suggests that although considerable amounts of health effects information is generated and available, such information may not always be adequately conveyed to the end users of chemical products. In addition, the most effective and practical means of preventing exposure is often not apparent or generally known. Current regulations may have created a reliance on use of chemical protective equipment that may not always be the best approach to protecting workers. Lack of performance criteria that are measurable has hampered industry from objectively assessing skin exposures. This lack of performance criteria or guidance has also hindered the implementation of prevention strategies and a critical assessment of their effectiveness. Better guidance from regulatory agencies directed at performance-based control of occupational skin hazards is presently needed. JF - International Archives of Occupational and Environmental Health AU - Boeniger, M F AU - Ahlers, H W AD - National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, 4676 Columbia Parkway, 45226, Cincinnati, Ohio, USA, mfb1@cdc.gov Y1 - 2003/06// PY - 2003 DA - Jun 2003 SP - 387 EP - 399 PB - Springer-Verlag, [URL:http://link.springer.de/link/service/journals/00420/bibs/3076 005/30760387.htm] VL - 76 IS - 5 SN - 0340-0131, 0340-0131 KW - contact dermatitis KW - man KW - safety regulations KW - Toxicology Abstracts; Health & Safety Science Abstracts KW - X 24230:Legislation & recommended standards KW - H 1000:Occupational Safety and Health UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/18803993?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxicologyabstracts&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=International+Archives+of+Occupational+and+Environmental+Health&rft.atitle=Federal+government+regulation+of+occupational+skin+exposure+in+the+USA&rft.au=Boeniger%2C+M+F%3BAhlers%2C+H+W&rft.aulast=Boeniger&rft.aufirst=M&rft.date=2003-06-01&rft.volume=76&rft.issue=5&rft.spage=387&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=International+Archives+of+Occupational+and+Environmental+Health&rft.issn=03400131&rft_id=info:doi/10.1007%2Fs00420-002-0425-2 LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00420-002-0425-2 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Tobacco smoke exposure and decreased serum and red blood cell folate levels: Data from the Third National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey AN - 18780748; 5655137 AB - The aim of this cross-sectional study was to determine the effects of smoke exposure on serum and red blood cell folate levels. Data collected as part of the Third National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey were analyzed. Serum and red blood cell folate levels were measured in active smokers and nonsmokers with high, moderate, and low exposure to environmental tobacco smoke. After adjusting for dietary intake of folate and other covariates, we found that both smokers and nonsmokers with high smoke exposure had lower red blood cell folate levels than did nonsmokers with low smoke exposure (-86 nmol/l [95% confidence interval, CI, -101 to -71 nmol/l] for smokers; -50 nmol/l [95% CI -69 to -31 nmol/l] for nonsmokers with high smoke exposure, compared with nonsmokers with low smoke exposure). Similarly, after adjustment of dietary intake of folate and other covariates, the log serum folate level also was decreased (-0.29 log nmol/l [95% CI -0.33 to -0.25 log nmol/l] for smokers; -0.16 log nmol/l [95% CI -0.20 to -0.12 log nmol/l] for nonsmokers with high smoke exposure, compared with nonsmokers with low smoke exposure). Tobacco smoke exposure is associated with decreased folate levels, which may be a mechanism for some of the health effects of active and passive smoking. JF - Nicotine & Tobacco Research AU - Mannino, D M AU - Mulinare, J AU - Ford, E S AU - Schwartz, J AD - National Center for Environmental Health, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, 1600 Clifton Road, MS E-17, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA, dmannino@cdc.gov Y1 - 2003/06// PY - 2003 DA - Jun 2003 SP - 357 EP - 362 VL - 5 IS - 3 SN - 1462-2203, 1462-2203 KW - man KW - serum KW - Toxicology Abstracts KW - X 24180:Social poisons & drug abuse UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/18780748?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxicologyabstracts&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Nicotine+%26+Tobacco+Research&rft.atitle=Tobacco+smoke+exposure+and+decreased+serum+and+red+blood+cell+folate+levels%3A+Data+from+the+Third+National+Health+and+Nutrition+Examination+Survey&rft.au=Mannino%2C+D+M%3BMulinare%2C+J%3BFord%2C+E+S%3BSchwartz%2C+J&rft.aulast=Mannino&rft.aufirst=D&rft.date=2003-06-01&rft.volume=5&rft.issue=3&rft.spage=357&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Nicotine+%26+Tobacco+Research&rft.issn=14622203&rft_id=info:doi/10.1080%2F1462220031000094330 LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/1462220031000094330 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Reproductive health in school-based health centers: findings from the 1998- 99 census of school-based health centers AN - 18767556; 5638204 AB - To describe the state of reproductive health services, including access to contraception and health center policies, among school-based health centers (SBHCs) serving adolescents in the United States We examined questionnaire data on provision of reproductive health services from the 1998-99 Census of School- Based Health Centers (response rate 70%). We examined 551 SBHCs in schools with high or middle school grades. We used logistic regression to define factors independently associated with services and policies. Most SBHCs (76%) were open full-time; over one-half (51%) of centers had opened in the past 4 years. Services provided, either on-site or by referral, included gynecological examinations (95%), pregnancy testing (96%), sexually transmitted disease (STD) diagnosis and treatment (95%), Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) counseling (94%), HIV testing (93%), oral contraceptive pills (89%), condoms (88%), Depo- Provera (88%), Norplant (78%), and emergency contraception (77%). Counseling, screening, pregnancy testing, and STD/HIV services were often provided on-site (range 55%-82%); contraception was often provided only by referral (on-site AVAILABILITY = 3%-28%). SBHCs with more provider staffing were more likely to provide services on-site; rural SBHCs and those serving younger grades were less likely to provide these services on-site. Over three-quarters (76%) of SBHCs reported prohibitions about providing contraceptive services on-site; the sources of these prohibitions included school district policy (74%), school policy (30%), state law (13%), and health center policy (12%). While SBHCs generally required parental permission for general health services, many allowed adolescents to access care independently for certain services including STD care (48%) and family planning (40%). Older SBHCs were more likely to allow independent access. SBHCs provide a broad range of reproductive health services directly or via referral; however, they often face institutional and logistical barriers to providing recommended reproductive health care. JF - Journal of Adolescent Health AU - Santelli, J S AU - Nystrom, R J AU - Brindis, C AU - Juszczak, L AU - Klein, J D AU - Bearss, N AU - Kaplan, D W AU - Hudson, M AU - W,JS AD - Division of Reproductive Health, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia, USA (J.S.S. M.H.), jsantelli@cdc.gov Y1 - 2003/06// PY - 2003 DA - Jun 2003 SP - 443 EP - 451 VL - 32 IS - 6 SN - 1054-139X, 1054-139X KW - Physical Education Index KW - PE 030:Exercise, Health & Physical Fitness UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/18767556?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aphysicaleducation&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Adolescent+Health&rft.atitle=Reproductive+health+in+school-based+health+centers%3A+findings+from+the+1998-+99+census+of+school-based+health+centers&rft.au=Santelli%2C+J+S%3BNystrom%2C+R+J%3BBrindis%2C+C%3BJuszczak%2C+L%3BKlein%2C+J+D%3BBearss%2C+N%3BKaplan%2C+D+W%3BHudson%2C+M%3BW%2CJS&rft.aulast=Santelli&rft.aufirst=J&rft.date=2003-06-01&rft.volume=32&rft.issue=6&rft.spage=443&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+Adolescent+Health&rft.issn=1054139X&rft_id=info:doi/10.1016%2FS1054-139X%2803%2900063-6 LA - English DB - Physical Education Index N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S1054-139X(03)00063-6 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Sports and recreation related injury episodes in the US population, 1997-99 AN - 17936618; 5889639 AB - To characterize sports and recreation related (SR) injury episodes in the US population. SR activities are growing in popularity suggesting the need for increased awareness of SR injuries as a public health concern for physically active persons of all ages in the US population. The National Health Interview Survey (NHIS) is a face-to-face household survey conducted yearly by the National Center for Health Statistics, part of the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. Demographic and health data are collected from a nationally representative sample of the civilian, non-institutionalized population residing in the US. Medically attended injury events reported in the 1997-99 Injury Section of the NHIS were categorized according to the associated sport or recreational activity using a classification scheme based on the International Classification of External Causes of Injury system. Episodes where the injured person received any type of medical attention (that is, medical advice or treatment) from any health care provider were used to report the incidence, severity, and nature of SR injuries sustained by US citizens. Annually, an estimated seven million Americans received medical attention for SR injuries (25.9 injury episodes per 1000 population). For 5-24 year olds, this national estimate was about 42% higher than estimates based on SR injuries seen only in emergency departments over a similar time frame. The highest average annual SR injury episode rates were for children ages 5-14 years (59.3 per 1000 persons) and persons aged 15-24 years (56.4 per 1000 persons). The SR injury episode rate for males was more than twice the rate for females. The age adjusted injury rate for whites was 1.5 times higher than for blacks (28.8 v 19.0 per 1000 population). Basketball was the most frequently mentioned SR activity when the injury episode occurred, with a rate of about four injury events per 1000 population. Strains and sprains accounted for 31% of injury episodes. An estimated 1.1 million SR episode related injuries involve the head or neck region, of which 17% were internal head injuries. The most common mechanisms of injury were struck by/against (34%), fall (28%), and overexertion (13%). As physical activity continues to be promoted as part of a healthy lifestyle, SR injuries are becoming an important public health concern for both children and adults. Prevention efforts aimed at reducing SR injuries through targeting high risk activities, places of occurrence, activity, risk behaviors, and use of protective devices need to go beyond focusing on children and also consider physically active adults. JF - Injury Prevention AU - Conn, J M AU - Annest, J L AU - Gilchrist, J AD - Office of Statistics and Programming, National Center for Injury Prevention and Control, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, 4770 Buford Hwy (MS-K59), Atlanta, GA 30341-3724, USA, jconn@cdc.gov Y1 - 2003/06// PY - 2003 DA - Jun 2003 SP - 117 EP - 123 VL - 9 IS - 2 SN - 1353-8047, 1353-8047 KW - Physical Education Index; Health & Safety Science Abstracts; Risk Abstracts KW - Injuries KW - Lifestyle KW - Public health KW - sports related injuries KW - Ethnic groups KW - Children KW - Protective equipment KW - USA KW - Recreation KW - Recreation areas KW - Gender KW - Epidemiology (injuries) KW - H 11000:Diseases/Injuries/Trauma KW - R2 23060:Medical and environmental health KW - PE 030:Exercise, Health & Physical Fitness UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/17936618?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Ariskabstracts&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Injury+Prevention&rft.atitle=Sports+and+recreation+related+injury+episodes+in+the+US+population%2C+1997-99&rft.au=Conn%2C+J+M%3BAnnest%2C+J+L%3BGilchrist%2C+J&rft.aulast=Conn&rft.aufirst=J&rft.date=2003-06-01&rft.volume=9&rft.issue=2&rft.spage=117&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Injury+Prevention&rft.issn=13538047&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - Physical Education Index; ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Recreation; Children; Injuries; Epidemiology (injuries); Public health; Lifestyle; USA; Recreation areas; Gender; Ethnic groups; sports related injuries; Protective equipment ER - TY - JOUR T1 - State Medicaid coverage for tobacco-dependence treatments--United States, 1994-2001. AN - 73420649; 12809111 AB - Tobacco use is the leading preventable cause of death in the United States. One of the national health objectives for 2010 is to increase insurance coverage of evidence-based treatment for nicotine dependence (i.e., total coverage of behavioral therapies and Food and Drug Administration [FDA]--approved pharmacotherapies) in Medicaid programs from 36 states to all states and the District of Columbia (DC) (objective 27.8). To increase both the use of treatment by smokers attempting to quit and the number of smokers who quit successfully, the Guide to Community Preventive Services recommends reducing the "out-of-pocket" cost of effective tobacco-dependence treatments (i.e., individual, group, and telephone counseling, and FDA--approved pharmacotherapies) for smokers. The 2000 Public Health Service (PHS) Clinical Practice Guideline supports expanded insurance coverage for tobacco-dependence treatments. In 2000, approximately 32 million low-income persons in the United States received their health insurance coverage through the federal-state Medicaid program; 11.5 million (36%) of these persons smoked (CDC, unpublished data, 2000). The amount and type of coverage for tobacco-dependence treatment offered by Medicaid has been reported for 1998 and 2000 from state surveys conducted by the Center for Health and Public Policy Studies (CHPPS) at the University of California, Berkeley. All states and DC were re-surveyed in 2001 about amount and type of coverage, and level of coverage since 1994. This report summarizes the results of the survey, which indicate that the number of Medicaid programs providing some coverage for tobacco-dependence counseling or medication increased from 34 in 2000 to 36 in 2001, but only one state offered coverage for all the counseling and pharmacotherapy treatments recommended by the 2000 PHS guideline. If the 2010 national health objective is to be achieved, Medicaid coverage for treatment of tobacco dependence should be increased dramatically. JF - MMWR. Morbidity and mortality weekly report AU - Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) AD - Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) Y1 - 2003/05/30/ PY - 2003 DA - 2003 May 30 SP - 496 EP - 500 VL - 52 IS - 21 SN - 0149-2195, 0149-2195 KW - Index Medicus KW - United States KW - Humans KW - Healthy People Programs KW - Tobacco Use Disorder -- therapy KW - Tobacco Use Disorder -- economics KW - Medicaid KW - Insurance, Health, Reimbursement UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/73420649?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=MMWR.+Morbidity+and+mortality+weekly+report&rft.atitle=State+Medicaid+coverage+for+tobacco-dependence+treatments--United+States%2C+1994-2001.&rft.au=Centers+for+Disease+Control+and+Prevention+%28CDC%29&rft.aulast=Centers+for+Disease+Control+and+Prevention+%28CDC%29&rft.aufirst=&rft.date=2003-05-30&rft.volume=52&rft.issue=21&rft.spage=496&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=MMWR.+Morbidity+and+mortality+weekly+report&rft.issn=01492195&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 2003-06-17 N1 - Date created - 2003-06-12 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Update: adverse events following civilian smallpox vaccination--United States, 2003. AN - 73372876; 12807082 AB - During January 24-May 9, 2003, smallpox vaccine was administered to 36,217 civilian health-care and public health workers in 55 jurisdictions to prepare the United States for a possible terrorist attack using smallpox virus. This report updates information on vaccine-associated adverse events among civilians vaccinated since the beginning of the program and among contacts of vaccinees, received by CDC from the Vaccine Adverse Event Reporting System (VAERS) as of May 9. JF - MMWR. Morbidity and mortality weekly report AU - Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) AD - Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) Y1 - 2003/05/23/ PY - 2003 DA - 2003 May 23 SP - 475 EP - 477 VL - 52 IS - 20 SN - 0149-2195, 0149-2195 KW - Smallpox Vaccine KW - 0 KW - Index Medicus KW - United States KW - Diagnosis, Differential KW - Public Health Practice KW - Humans KW - Immunization Programs KW - Adult KW - Diagnostic Errors KW - Male KW - Neurotoxicity Syndromes -- diagnosis KW - Encephalitis -- etiology KW - Vaccination -- adverse effects KW - Smallpox Vaccine -- adverse effects KW - Encephalitis -- diagnosis UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/73372876?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=MMWR.+Morbidity+and+mortality+weekly+report&rft.atitle=Update%3A+adverse+events+following+civilian+smallpox+vaccination--United+States%2C+2003.&rft.au=Centers+for+Disease+Control+and+Prevention+%28CDC%29&rft.aulast=Centers+for+Disease+Control+and+Prevention+%28CDC%29&rft.aufirst=&rft.date=2003-05-23&rft.volume=52&rft.issue=20&rft.spage=475&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=MMWR.+Morbidity+and+mortality+weekly+report&rft.issn=01492195&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 2003-06-16 N1 - Date created - 2003-06-12 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - CPAPER T1 - Smallpox preparedness plans AN - 39743235; 3750476 AU - Rotz, L D Y1 - 2003/05/19/ PY - 2003 DA - 2003 May 19 KW - CPI, Conference Papers Index KW - U 2000:Biology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/39743235?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Acpi&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=conference&rft.jtitle=&rft.atitle=Smallpox+preparedness+plans&rft.au=Rotz%2C+L+D&rft.aulast=Rotz&rft.aufirst=L&rft.date=2003-05-19&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - SuppNotes - Availability: American Society for Microbiology, 1752 N Street, NW, Washington DC, 20036, USA; phone: 202.737.3600; email: ICAAC@asmusa.org; URL: www.icaac.org N1 - Last updated - 2010-05-03 ER - TY - CPAPER T1 - ESBL testing, interpretation, and reporting AN - 39686677; 3745652 AU - Tenover, F C Y1 - 2003/05/19/ PY - 2003 DA - 2003 May 19 KW - CPI, Conference Papers Index KW - U 2000:Biology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/39686677?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Acpi&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=conference&rft.jtitle=&rft.atitle=ESBL+testing%2C+interpretation%2C+and+reporting&rft.au=Tenover%2C+F+C&rft.aulast=Tenover&rft.aufirst=F&rft.date=2003-05-19&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - SuppNotes - Availability: American Society for Microbiology, 1752 N Street, NW, Washington DC, 20036, USA; phone: 202.737.3600; email: ICAAC@asmusa.org; URL: www.icaac.org N1 - Last updated - 2010-05-03 ER - TY - CPAPER T1 - Smallpox false alarms: Lessons learned AN - 39634181; 3750475 AU - Damon, I Y1 - 2003/05/19/ PY - 2003 DA - 2003 May 19 KW - CPI, Conference Papers Index KW - U 2000:Biology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/39634181?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Acpi&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=conference&rft.jtitle=&rft.atitle=Smallpox+false+alarms%3A+Lessons+learned&rft.au=Damon%2C+I&rft.aulast=Damon&rft.aufirst=I&rft.date=2003-05-19&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - SuppNotes - Availability: American Society for Microbiology, 1752 N Street, NW, Washington DC, 20036, USA; phone: 202.737.3600; email: ICAAC@asmusa.org; URL: www.icaac.org N1 - Last updated - 2010-05-03 ER - TY - CPAPER T1 - Impact of global immunization programs AN - 39633997; 3746890 AU - Orenstein, WA Y1 - 2003/05/19/ PY - 2003 DA - 2003 May 19 KW - CPI, Conference Papers Index KW - U 2000:Biology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/39633997?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Acpi&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=conference&rft.jtitle=&rft.atitle=Impact+of+global+immunization+programs&rft.au=Orenstein%2C+WA&rft.aulast=Orenstein&rft.aufirst=WA&rft.date=2003-05-19&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - SuppNotes - Availability: American Society for Microbiology, 1752 N Street, NW, Washington DC, 20036, USA; phone: 202.737.3600; email: ICAAC@asmusa.org; URL: www.icaac.org N1 - Last updated - 2010-05-03 ER - TY - CPAPER T1 - Recent outbreaks in dialysis settings AN - 39633339; 3749771 AU - Tokars, JI Y1 - 2003/05/19/ PY - 2003 DA - 2003 May 19 KW - CPI, Conference Papers Index KW - U 2000:Biology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/39633339?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Acpi&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=conference&rft.jtitle=&rft.atitle=Recent+outbreaks+in+dialysis+settings&rft.au=Tokars%2C+JI&rft.aulast=Tokars&rft.aufirst=Gordon&rft.date=2003-04-11&rft.volume=17&rft.issue=6&rft.spage=905&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=AIDS+%28London%2C+England%29&rft.issn=02699370&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - SuppNotes - Availability: American Society for Microbiology, 1752 N Street, NW, Washington DC, 20036, USA; phone: 202.737.3600; email: ICAAC@asmusa.org; URL: www.icaac.org N1 - Last updated - 2010-05-03 ER - TY - CPAPER T1 - Virulence of influenza: Lessons from past outbreaks AN - 39632461; 3751602 AU - Subbarao, K Y1 - 2003/05/19/ PY - 2003 DA - 2003 May 19 KW - CPI, Conference Papers Index KW - U 2000:Biology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/39632461?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Acpi&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=conference&rft.jtitle=&rft.atitle=Virulence+of+influenza%3A+Lessons+from+past+outbreaks&rft.au=Subbarao%2C+K&rft.aulast=Subbarao&rft.aufirst=K&rft.date=2003-05-19&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - SuppNotes - Availability: American Society for Microbiology, 1752 N Street, NW, Washington DC, 20036, USA; phone: 202.737.3600; email: ICAAC@asmusa.org; URL: www.icaac.org N1 - Last updated - 2010-05-03 ER - TY - CPAPER T1 - Bioterrorism: Lessons learned AN - 39632060; 3743809 AU - Gerberding, J L Y1 - 2003/05/19/ PY - 2003 DA - 2003 May 19 KW - CPI, Conference Papers Index KW - U 2000:Biology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/39632060?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Acpi&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=conference&rft.jtitle=&rft.atitle=Bioterrorism%3A+Lessons+learned&rft.au=Gerberding%2C+J+L&rft.aulast=Gerberding&rft.aufirst=J&rft.date=2003-05-19&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - SuppNotes - Availability: American Society for Microbiology, 1752 N Street, NW, Washington DC, 20036, USA; phone: 202.737.3600; email: ICAAC@asmusa.org; URL: www.icaac.org N1 - Last updated - 2010-05-03 ER - TY - CPAPER T1 - Non-infectious "outbreaks" in dialysis, technical and hardware issues AN - 39619748; 3748579 AU - Arduino, M Y1 - 2003/05/19/ PY - 2003 DA - 2003 May 19 KW - CPI, Conference Papers Index KW - U 2000:Biology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/39619748?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Acpi&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=conference&rft.jtitle=&rft.atitle=Non-infectious+%22outbreaks%22+in+dialysis%2C+technical+and+hardware+issues&rft.au=Arduino%2C+M&rft.aulast=Arduino&rft.aufirst=M&rft.date=2003-05-19&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - SuppNotes - Availability: American Society for Microbiology, 1752 N Street, NW, Washington DC, 20036, USA; phone: 202.737.3600; email: ICAAC@asmusa.org; URL: www.icaac.org N1 - Last updated - 2010-05-03 ER - TY - CPAPER T1 - Laboratory as a partner in assuring patient safety AN - 39617147; 3755109 AU - Stankovic, A Y1 - 2003/05/19/ PY - 2003 DA - 2003 May 19 KW - CPI, Conference Papers Index KW - U 7000:Multidisciplinary UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/39617147?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Acpi&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=conference&rft.jtitle=&rft.atitle=Laboratory+as+a+partner+in+assuring+patient+safety&rft.au=Stankovic%2C+A&rft.aulast=Stankovic&rft.aufirst=A&rft.date=2003-05-19&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - SuppNotes - Availability: LabAutomation 2003, 2019 Galisteo Street, Bldg. I, Santa Fe, NM 87505, USA; phone: (505) 988-5326; fax: (505) 989-1073; email: ala_office@labautomation.org N1 - Last updated - 2010-05-03 ER - TY - CPAPER T1 - Bioterrorism and biosafety in the clinical laboratory AN - 39604676; 3743805 AU - Miller, J M Y1 - 2003/05/19/ PY - 2003 DA - 2003 May 19 KW - CPI, Conference Papers Index KW - U 2000:Biology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/39604676?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Acpi&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=conference&rft.jtitle=&rft.atitle=Bioterrorism+and+biosafety+in+the+clinical+laboratory&rft.au=Miller%2C+J+M&rft.aulast=Miller&rft.aufirst=J&rft.date=2003-05-19&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - SuppNotes - Availability: American Society for Microbiology, 1752 N Street, NW, Washington DC, 20036, USA; phone: 202.737.3600; email: ICAAC@asmusa.org; URL: www.icaac.org N1 - Last updated - 2010-05-03 ER - TY - CPAPER T1 - Pandemic influenza: Are we prepared? AN - 39569277; 3748936 AU - Myers, M Y1 - 2003/05/19/ PY - 2003 DA - 2003 May 19 KW - CPI, Conference Papers Index KW - U 2000:Biology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/39569277?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Acpi&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=conference&rft.jtitle=&rft.atitle=Pandemic+influenza%3A+Are+we+prepared%3F&rft.au=Myers%2C+M&rft.aulast=Myers&rft.aufirst=M&rft.date=2003-05-19&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - SuppNotes - Availability: American Society for Microbiology, 1752 N Street, NW, Washington DC, 20036, USA; phone: 202.737.3600; email: ICAAC@asmusa.org; URL: www.icaac.org N1 - Last updated - 2010-05-03 ER - TY - CPAPER T1 - Case studies of outbreaks investigated by CDC AN - 39568986; 3743982 AU - Jarvis, W R Y1 - 2003/05/19/ PY - 2003 DA - 2003 May 19 KW - CPI, Conference Papers Index KW - U 2000:Biology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/39568986?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Acpi&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=conference&rft.jtitle=&rft.atitle=Case+studies+of+outbreaks+investigated+by+CDC&rft.au=Jarvis%2C+W+R&rft.aulast=Jarvis&rft.aufirst=W&rft.date=2003-05-19&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - SuppNotes - Availability: American Society for Microbiology, 1752 N Street, NW, Washington DC, 20036, USA; phone: 202.737.3600; email: ICAAC@asmusa.org; URL: www.icaac.org N1 - Last updated - 2010-05-03 ER - TY - CPAPER T1 - Endemic mycoses - An emerging public health concern among travelers and others AN - 39566766; 3745540 AU - Hajjeh, R A Y1 - 2003/05/19/ PY - 2003 DA - 2003 May 19 KW - CPI, Conference Papers Index KW - U 2000:Biology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/39566766?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Acpi&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=conference&rft.jtitle=&rft.atitle=Endemic+mycoses+-+An+emerging+public+health+concern+among+travelers+and+others&rft.au=Hajjeh%2C+R+A&rft.aulast=Hajjeh&rft.aufirst=R&rft.date=2003-05-19&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - SuppNotes - Availability: American Society for Microbiology, 1752 N Street, NW, Washington DC, 20036, USA; phone: 202.737.3600; email: ICAAC@asmusa.org; URL: www.icaac.org N1 - Last updated - 2010-05-03 ER - TY - CPAPER T1 - Rapid diagnosis of influenza AN - 39562595; 3749716 AU - Uyeki, T M Y1 - 2003/05/19/ PY - 2003 DA - 2003 May 19 KW - CPI, Conference Papers Index KW - U 2000:Biology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/39562595?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Acpi&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=conference&rft.jtitle=&rft.atitle=Rapid+diagnosis+of+influenza&rft.au=Uyeki%2C+T+M&rft.aulast=Uyeki&rft.aufirst=T&rft.date=2003-05-19&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - SuppNotes - Availability: American Society for Microbiology, 1752 N Street, NW, Washington DC, 20036, USA; phone: 202.737.3600; email: ICAAC@asmusa.org; URL: www.icaac.org N1 - Last updated - 2010-05-03 ER - TY - CPAPER T1 - Pneumonia prevention guidelines AN - 39544271; 3749186 AU - Pearson, M L Y1 - 2003/05/19/ PY - 2003 DA - 2003 May 19 KW - CPI, Conference Papers Index KW - U 2000:Biology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/39544271?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Acpi&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=MMWR.+Morbidity+and+mortality+weekly+report&rft.atitle=Update+on+adverse+events+following+civilian+smallpox+vaccination--United+States%2C+2003.&rft.au=Centers+for+Disease+Control+and+Prevention+%28CDC%29&rft.aulast=Centers+for+Disease+Control+and+Prevention+%28CDC%29&rft.aufirst=&rft.date=2003-04-11&rft.volume=52&rft.issue=14&rft.spage=313&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=MMWR.+Morbidity+and+mortality+weekly+report&rft.issn=01492195&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - SuppNotes - Availability: American Society for Microbiology, 1752 N Street, NW, Washington DC, 20036, USA; phone: 202.737.3600; email: ICAAC@asmusa.org; URL: www.icaac.org N1 - Last updated - 2010-05-03 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Motivational intervention to reduce alcohol-exposed pregnancies--Florida, Texas, and Virginia, 1997-2001. AN - 73366467; 12807086 AB - Prenatal alcohol use is a threat to healthy pregnancy outcomes for many U.S. women. During 1999, approximately 500,000 pregnant women reported having one or more drinks during the preceding month, and approximately 130,000 reported having seven or more alcohol drinks per week or engaging in binge drinking (i.e., five or more drinks in a day). These heavier drinking patterns have been associated with fetal alcohol syndrome (FAS) and alcohol-related neurodevelopmental disorders (ARND). Lower levels of alcohol consumption (i.e., fewer than seven drinks per week) also have been associated with measurable effects on children's development and behavior. Although the majority of women reduce their alcohol use substantially when they realize they are pregnant, a large proportion do not realize they are pregnant until well into the first trimester and, therefore, might continue to drink alcohol during this critical period of fetal development. To reduce alcohol-exposed pregnancies, CDC initiated a multisite pilot study (phase I clinical trial) in 1997 to investigate the use of a dual intervention focused on both alcohol-use reduction and effective contraception among childbearing-aged women at high risk for an alcohol-exposed pregnancy (Project CHOICES). This report describes the association between baseline drinking measures and the success women have achieved in reducing their risk for an alcohol-exposed pregnancy. The analysis compares the impact of the motivational intervention at 6-month follow-up on women drinking at high-, medium-, and low-risk drinking levels. The findings indicate that although 69% of the women in the study reduced their risk for an alcohol-exposed pregnancy, women with the lowest baseline drinking measures achieved the highest rates of outcome success, primarily by choosing effective contraception and, secondarily, by reducing alcohol use. Women with higher baseline drinking measures chose both approaches equally but achieved lower success rates for reducing their risk for an alcohol-exposed pregnancy. A randomized controlled trial of the motivational intervention is under way to further investigate outcomes of the phase I study. JF - MMWR. Morbidity and mortality weekly report AU - Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) AD - Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) Y1 - 2003/05/16/ PY - 2003 DA - 2003 May 16 SP - 441 EP - 444 VL - 52 IS - 19 SN - 0149-2195, 0149-2195 KW - Ethanol KW - 3K9958V90M KW - Index Medicus KW - Contraception Behavior KW - Virginia KW - Ethanol -- poisoning KW - Humans KW - Adult KW - Texas KW - Pilot Projects KW - Florida KW - Female KW - Pregnancy KW - Risk Reduction Behavior KW - Pregnancy Complications -- prevention & control KW - Alcohol-Related Disorders -- prevention & control KW - Alcohol Drinking UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/73366467?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=MMWR.+Morbidity+and+mortality+weekly+report&rft.atitle=Motivational+intervention+to+reduce+alcohol-exposed+pregnancies--Florida%2C+Texas%2C+and+Virginia%2C+1997-2001.&rft.au=Centers+for+Disease+Control+and+Prevention+%28CDC%29&rft.aulast=Centers+for+Disease+Control+and+Prevention+%28CDC%29&rft.aufirst=&rft.date=2003-05-16&rft.volume=52&rft.issue=19&rft.spage=441&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=MMWR.+Morbidity+and+mortality+weekly+report&rft.issn=01492195&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 2003-06-16 N1 - Date created - 2003-06-12 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Congenital toxoplasmosis. AN - 73322007; 12776962 AB - Approximately 85 percent of women of childbearing age in the United States are susceptible to acute infection with the protozoan parasite Toxoplasma gondii. Transmission of T. gondii to the fetus can result in serious health problems, including mental retardation, seizures, blindness, and death. Some health problems may not become apparent until the second or third decade of life. An estimated 400 to 4,000 cases of congenital toxoplasmosis occur in the United States each year. Serologic tests are used to diagnose acute T. gondii infection in pregnant women. Because false-positive tests occur frequently, serologic diagnosis must be confirmed at a Toxoplasma reference laboratory before treatment with potentially toxic drugs is considered. In many instances, congenital toxoplasmosis can be prevented by educating pregnant women and other women of childbearing age about not ingesting raw or undercooked meat, using measures to avoid cross-contamination of other foods with raw or undercooked meat, and protecting themselves against exposure to cat litter or contaminated soil. JF - American family physician AU - Jones, Jeffrey AU - Lopez, Adriana AU - Wilson, Marianna AD - Epidemiology Branch, Division of Parasitic Diseases, National Center for Infectious Diseases, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia 30341-3724, USA. jlj1@cdc.gov Y1 - 2003/05/15/ PY - 2003 DA - 2003 May 15 SP - 2131 EP - 2138 VL - 67 IS - 10 SN - 0002-838X, 0002-838X KW - Antibodies, Protozoan KW - 0 KW - Abridged Index Medicus KW - Index Medicus KW - Infectious Disease Transmission, Vertical -- prevention & control KW - Animals KW - Prenatal Care -- methods KW - Humans KW - Infant, Newborn KW - Pregnancy KW - Pregnancy Complications, Parasitic -- drug therapy KW - Serologic Tests KW - Antibodies, Protozoan -- blood KW - Cats KW - Toxoplasma -- isolation & purification KW - Prenatal Diagnosis -- methods KW - Pregnancy Complications, Parasitic -- parasitology KW - Female KW - Neonatal Screening -- methods KW - Pregnancy Complications, Parasitic -- diagnosis KW - Toxoplasmosis, Congenital -- diagnosis KW - Toxoplasmosis, Congenital -- transmission KW - Toxoplasmosis, Congenital -- drug therapy UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/73322007?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=American+family+physician&rft.atitle=Congenital+toxoplasmosis.&rft.au=Jones%2C+Jeffrey%3BLopez%2C+Adriana%3BWilson%2C+Marianna&rft.aulast=Jones&rft.aufirst=Jeffrey&rft.date=2003-05-15&rft.volume=67&rft.issue=10&rft.spage=2131&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=American+family+physician&rft.issn=0002838X&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 2003-06-17 N1 - Date created - 2003-06-02 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Relationship of Changes in Physical Activity and Mortality Among Older Women AN - 17966636; 5906822 AB - Physical activity has been related to reduced mortality, but it is not clear whether changes in physical activity affect mortality among older women. To examine the relationship of changes in physical activity and mortality among older women. Prospective cohort study conducted at 4 US research centers (Baltimore, Md; Portland, Ore; Minneapolis, Minn; and Monongahela Valley, Pa) among 9518 community-dwelling white women aged 65 years or older who were assessed at baseline (1986-1988), 7553 of whom were reassessed at a follow-up visit (1992-1994; median, 5.7 years later). Walking and other physical activities at baseline and follow-up; vital status, with cause of death confirmed by death certificates/discharge summaries, tracked for up to 12.5 years after baseline (up to 6.7 years after the follow-up visit). Compared with continually sedentary women, those who increased physical activity levels between baseline and follow-up had lower mortality from all causes (hazard rate ratio [HRR], 0.52; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.40-0.69), cardiovascular disease (HRR, 0.64; 95% CI, 0.42-0.97), and cancer (HRR, 0.49; 95% CI, 0.29-0.84), independent of age, smoking, body mass index, comorbid conditions, and baseline physical activity level. Associations between changes in physical activity and reduced mortality were similar in women with and without chronic diseases but tended to be weaker among women aged at least 75 years and among those with poor health status. Women who were physically active at both visits also had lower all-cause mortality (HRR, 0.68; 95% CI, 0.56-0.82) and cardiovascular mortality (HRR, 0.62; 95% CI, 0.44-0.88) than sedentary women. Increasing and maintaining physical activity levels could lengthen life for older women but appears to provide less benefit for women aged at least 75 years and those with poor health status. JF - Journal of the American Medical Association AU - Gregg, E W AU - Cauley, JA AU - Stone, K AU - Thompson, T J AU - Bauer, D C AU - Cummings AU - Ensrud, KE AD - Division of Diabetes Translation, National Center for Chronic Disease Prevention and Health Promotion, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA, USA Y1 - 2003/05/14/ PY - 2003 DA - 2003 May 14 SP - 2379 EP - 2386 VL - 289 IS - 18 SN - 0098-7484, 0098-7484 KW - Physical Education Index KW - Sedentary persons KW - Death KW - Health (status) KW - Women KW - Gerontology KW - Exercise (effects) KW - PE 030:Exercise, Health & Physical Fitness UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/17966636?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aphysicaleducation&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+the+American+Medical+Association&rft.atitle=Relationship+of+Changes+in+Physical+Activity+and+Mortality+Among+Older+Women&rft.au=Gregg%2C+E+W%3BCauley%2C+JA%3BStone%2C+K%3BThompson%2C+T+J%3BBauer%2C+D+C%3BCummings%3BEnsrud%2C+KE&rft.aulast=Gregg&rft.aufirst=E&rft.date=2003-05-14&rft.volume=289&rft.issue=18&rft.spage=2379&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+the+American+Medical+Association&rft.issn=00987484&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - Physical Education Index N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Gerontology; Women; Health (status); Death; Exercise (effects); Sedentary persons ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Nicotine poisoning after ingestion of contaminated ground beef--Michigan, 2003. AN - 73363795; 12807090 AB - On January 3, 2003, the Michigan Department of Agriculture's (MDA) Food and Dairy Division and the U.S. Department of Agriculture (USDA) were notified by a supermarket of a planned recall of approximately 1,700 pounds of ground beef because of customer complaints of illness after eating the product. On January 10, the supermarket notified MDA that their laboratory had determined that the contaminant in the ground beef returned by customers with reported illness was nicotine. This report summarizes the investigation of these cases, which identified approximately 100 affected persons, and discusses actions taken to prevent additional illness, including the arrest of a person charged with deliberately poisoning the ground beef at the supermarket. JF - MMWR. Morbidity and mortality weekly report AU - Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) AD - Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) Y1 - 2003/05/09/ PY - 2003 DA - 2003 May 09 SP - 413 EP - 416 VL - 52 IS - 18 SN - 0149-2195, 0149-2195 KW - Insecticides KW - 0 KW - Nicotine KW - 6M3C89ZY6R KW - Index Medicus KW - Animals KW - Crime KW - Humans KW - Aged KW - Child KW - Disease Outbreaks KW - Child, Preschool KW - Infant KW - Cattle KW - Adult KW - Middle Aged KW - Adolescent KW - Michigan -- epidemiology KW - Male KW - Female KW - Insecticides -- poisoning KW - Meat -- poisoning KW - Foodborne Diseases -- epidemiology KW - Nicotine -- analysis KW - Food Contamination -- analysis KW - Meat -- analysis KW - Nicotine -- poisoning KW - Insecticides -- analysis UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/73363795?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=MMWR.+Morbidity+and+mortality+weekly+report&rft.atitle=Nicotine+poisoning+after+ingestion+of+contaminated+ground+beef--Michigan%2C+2003.&rft.au=Centers+for+Disease+Control+and+Prevention+%28CDC%29&rft.aulast=Centers+for+Disease+Control+and+Prevention+%28CDC%29&rft.aufirst=&rft.date=2003-05-09&rft.volume=52&rft.issue=18&rft.spage=413&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=MMWR.+Morbidity+and+mortality+weekly+report&rft.issn=01492195&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 2003-06-16 N1 - Date created - 2003-06-12 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Women with smallpox vaccine exposure during pregnancy reported to the National Smallpox Vaccine in Pregnancy Registry--United States, 2003. AN - 73312896; 12765202 AB - In the absence of circulating smallpox, pregnant women should not be exposed to live vaccinia virus contained in the smallpox vaccine. The smallpox vaccine should not be administered to women who are pregnant or might become pregnant within 4 weeks after vaccination because of the risk for fetal vaccinia, a rare but serious infection of the fetus. In addition, persons who have close contact (e.g., household contact or sexual contact) with pregnant women are advised to forego vaccination. To prevent inadvertent exposure of pregnant women to vaccinia virus, screening for pregnancy is a component of pre-event smallpox vaccination programs. To monitor outcomes of pregnancy in women exposed to smallpox vaccines, CDC, in collaboration with the Department of Defense (DoD) and the Food and Drug Administration (FDA), has established the National Smallpox Vaccine in Pregnancy Registry. This report summarizes data from the registry about these exposures. CDC and the Advisory Committee on Immunization Practices (ACIP) recommendations to screen for pregnancy as a contraindication to smallpox vaccination appear to be effective at preventing inadvertent exposures. JF - MMWR. Morbidity and mortality weekly report AU - Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) AD - Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) Y1 - 2003/05/02/ PY - 2003 DA - 2003 May 02 SP - 386 EP - 388 VL - 52 IS - 17 SN - 0149-2195, 0149-2195 KW - Smallpox Vaccine KW - 0 KW - Index Medicus KW - United States KW - Vaccinia -- transmission KW - Humans KW - Immunization Programs -- standards KW - Adult KW - Health Personnel KW - Female KW - Pregnancy KW - Registries KW - Maternal Exposure -- adverse effects KW - Smallpox Vaccine -- contraindications KW - Smallpox Vaccine -- adverse effects KW - Smallpox Vaccine -- administration & dosage KW - Pregnancy Outcome UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/73312896?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=MMWR.+Morbidity+and+mortality+weekly+report&rft.atitle=Update%3A+Adverse+events+following+civilian+smallpox+vaccination--United+States%2C+2003.&rft.au=Centers+for+Disease+Control+and+Prevention+%28CDC%29&rft.aulast=Centers+for+Disease+Control+and+Prevention+%28CDC%29&rft.aufirst=&rft.date=2003-04-18&rft.volume=52&rft.issue=15&rft.spage=343&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=MMWR.+Morbidity+and+mortality+weekly+report&rft.issn=01492195&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 2003-05-29 N1 - Date created - 2003-05-26 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Hydrogen peroxide formation and actin filament reorganization by Cdc42 are essential for ethanol-induced in vitro angiogenesis. AN - 73251718; 12598535 AB - This report focuses on the identification of the molecular mechanisms of ethanol-induced in vitro angiogenesis. The manipulation of angiogenesis is an important therapeutic approach for the treatment of cancer, cardiovascular diseases, and chronic inflammation. Our results showed that ethanol stimulation altered the integrity of actin filaments and increased the formation of lamellipodia and filopodia in SVEC4-10 cells. Further experiments demonstrated that ethanol stimulation increased cell migration and invasion and induced in vitro angiogenesis in SVEC4-10 cells. Mechanistically, ethanol stimulation activated Cdc42 and produced H(2)O(2) a reactive oxygen species intermediate in SVEC4-10 cells. Measuring the time course of Cdc42 activation and H(2)O(2) production upon ethanol stimulation revealed that the Cdc42 activation and the increase of H(2)O(2) lasted more than 3 h, which indicates the mechanisms of the long duration effects of ethanol on the cells. Furthermore, either overexpression of a constitutive dominant negative Cdc42 or inhibition of H(2)O(2) production abrogated the effects of ethanol on SVEC4-10 cells, indicating that both the activation of Cdc42 and the production of H(2)O(2) are essential for the actions of ethanol. Interestingly, we also found that overexpression of a constitutive dominant positive Cdc42 itself was sufficient to produce H(2)O(2) and to induce in vitro angiogenesis. Taken together, our results suggest that ethanol stimulation can induce H(2)O(2) production through the activation of Cdc42, which results in reorganizing actin filaments and increasing cell motility and in vitro angiogenesis. JF - The Journal of biological chemistry AU - Qian, Yong AU - Luo, Jia AU - Leonard, Stephen S AU - Harris, Gabriel K AU - Millecchia, Lyndell AU - Flynn, Daniel C AU - Shi, Xianglin AD - Pathology and Physiology Research Branch, Health Effects Laboratory Division, National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, Morgantown, WV 26505, USA. yaq2@cdc.gov Y1 - 2003/05/02/ PY - 2003 DA - 2003 May 02 SP - 16189 EP - 16197 VL - 278 IS - 18 SN - 0021-9258, 0021-9258 KW - Actins KW - 0 KW - Ethanol KW - 3K9958V90M KW - Hydrogen Peroxide KW - BBX060AN9V KW - cdc42 GTP-Binding Protein KW - EC 3.6.5.2 KW - Index Medicus KW - Animals KW - Cell Movement -- drug effects KW - Mice KW - Cell Line KW - Hydrogen Peroxide -- metabolism KW - Actins -- drug effects KW - Ethanol -- toxicity KW - Neovascularization, Physiologic -- drug effects KW - cdc42 GTP-Binding Protein -- physiology KW - Actins -- chemistry UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/73251718?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Journal+of+biological+chemistry&rft.atitle=Hydrogen+peroxide+formation+and+actin+filament+reorganization+by+Cdc42+are+essential+for+ethanol-induced+in+vitro+angiogenesis.&rft.au=Qian%2C+Yong%3BLuo%2C+Jia%3BLeonard%2C+Stephen+S%3BHarris%2C+Gabriel+K%3BMillecchia%2C+Lyndell%3BFlynn%2C+Daniel+C%3BShi%2C+Xianglin&rft.aulast=Qian&rft.aufirst=Yong&rft.date=2003-05-02&rft.volume=278&rft.issue=18&rft.spage=16189&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=The+Journal+of+biological+chemistry&rft.issn=00219258&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 2003-06-17 N1 - Date created - 2003-04-28 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Effect of chlorogenic acid on hydroxyl radical. AN - 73502809; 12841649 AB - Chlorogenic acid (CGA) is considered to act as an antioxidant. However, the inhibitory effects of CGA on specific radical species are not well understood. Electron spin resonance (ESR) in combination with spin trapping techniques was utilized to detect free radicals. 5,5-Dimethyl-1-pyrroline-N-oxide (DMPO) was used as a spin trapping reagent while the Fenton reaction was used as a source of hydroxyl radical (*OH). We found that CGA scavenges *OH in a dose-dependent manner. The kinetic parameters, IC50 and Vmax, for CGA scavenging of *OH were 110 and 1.27 microM/sec, respectively. The rate constant for the scavenging of *OH by CGA was 7.73 x 10(9) M(-1) sec(-1). Our studies suggest that the antioxidant properties of CGA may involve a direct scavenging effect of CGA on *OH. JF - Molecular and cellular biochemistry AU - Zang, Lun-Yi AU - Cosma, Greg AU - Gardner, Henry AU - Castranova, Vince AU - Vallyathan, Val AD - Exposure Assessment Branch and Pathology and Physiology Research Branch, Health Effects Laboratory Division, National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, Morgantown, WV 26505-2888, USA. laz7@cdc.gov Y1 - 2003/05// PY - 2003 DA - May 2003 SP - 205 EP - 210 VL - 247 IS - 1-2 SN - 0300-8177, 0300-8177 KW - Cyclic N-Oxides KW - 0 KW - Free Radical Scavengers KW - Chlorogenic Acid KW - 318ADP12RI KW - Hydroxyl Radical KW - 3352-57-6 KW - 5,5-dimethyl-1-pyrroline-1-oxide KW - 7170JZ1QF3 KW - Index Medicus KW - Spin Trapping KW - Dose-Response Relationship, Drug KW - Electron Spin Resonance Spectroscopy KW - Cyclic N-Oxides -- pharmacology KW - Inhibitory Concentration 50 KW - Free Radical Scavengers -- chemistry KW - Cyclic N-Oxides -- chemistry KW - Free Radical Scavengers -- pharmacology KW - Chlorogenic Acid -- pharmacology KW - Hydroxyl Radical -- chemistry KW - Chlorogenic Acid -- chemistry UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/73502809?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Molecular+and+cellular+biochemistry&rft.atitle=Effect+of+chlorogenic+acid+on+hydroxyl+radical.&rft.au=Zang%2C+Lun-Yi%3BCosma%2C+Greg%3BGardner%2C+Henry%3BCastranova%2C+Vince%3BVallyathan%2C+Val&rft.aulast=Zang&rft.aufirst=Lun-Yi&rft.date=2003-05-01&rft.volume=247&rft.issue=1-2&rft.spage=205&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Molecular+and+cellular+biochemistry&rft.issn=03008177&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 2004-04-15 N1 - Date created - 2003-07-04 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Autoimmune thyroid disease associated with environmental thyroidal irradiation. AN - 73407365; 12855012 AB - Reports of increased rates of thyroid disease in populations exposed to radiation as a result of the Chernobyl accident have increased awareness and concern about the risk of autoimmune-related thyroid disease possibly associated with environmental radiation exposure. While the association between thyroidal irradiation and an increased risk of thyroid neoplasia is well established, much less attention has been devoted to the potential effects of environmental irradiation on the function of the thyroid. However, since the Chernobyl accident new studies have been published that appear to link radiation exposure to an increased risk of autoimmune thyroiditis. In order to assess the plausibility of this association, we reviewed published studies that evaluate the possible association between environmental thyroidal radiation and the presence of antithyroid antibodies as well as autoimmune thyroid disease (hypothyroidism and hyperthyroidism). These data have not been summarized elsewhere. Although some epidemiologic evidence of an association exists, long-term, well-designed studies are needed to accurately evaluate the complex association between low-dose environmental radiation exposure and clinically significant non-neoplastic thyroid disease. The results of these studies will be important in determining the appropriate clinical follow-up of persons exposed to environmental thyroidal irradiation. JF - Thyroid : official journal of the American Thyroid Association AU - Eheman, Christie R AU - Garbe, Paul AU - Tuttle, R Michael AD - Epidemiology and Health Services Branch, Division of Cancer Prevention and Control, National Center for Chronic Disease Prevention and Health Promotion, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia, USA. Y1 - 2003/05// PY - 2003 DA - May 2003 SP - 453 EP - 464 VL - 13 IS - 5 SN - 1050-7256, 1050-7256 KW - Index Medicus KW - Cross-Sectional Studies KW - Radioactive Hazard Release KW - Environmental Exposure -- statistics & numerical data KW - Humans KW - Cohort Studies KW - Autoimmunity -- radiation effects KW - Dose-Response Relationship, Radiation KW - Autoimmune Diseases -- etiology KW - Thyroid Diseases -- etiology KW - Thyroid Diseases -- diagnosis KW - Autoimmune Diseases -- epidemiology KW - Thyroid Diseases -- epidemiology KW - Radiation Injuries -- epidemiology KW - Autoimmune Diseases -- blood KW - Radiation Injuries -- diagnosis KW - Radiation Injuries -- blood KW - Autoimmune Diseases -- diagnosis KW - Thyroid Diseases -- blood KW - Radiation Injuries -- etiology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/73407365?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Thyroid+%3A+official+journal+of+the+American+Thyroid+Association&rft.atitle=Autoimmune+thyroid+disease+associated+with+environmental+thyroidal+irradiation.&rft.au=Eheman%2C+Christie+R%3BGarbe%2C+Paul%3BTuttle%2C+R+Michael&rft.aulast=Eheman&rft.aufirst=Christie&rft.date=2003-05-01&rft.volume=13&rft.issue=5&rft.spage=453&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Thyroid+%3A+official+journal+of+the+American+Thyroid+Association&rft.issn=10507256&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 2004-03-26 N1 - Date created - 2003-07-11 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Secondary contamination of ED personnel from hazardous materials events, 1995-2001. AN - 73386070; 12811712 AB - Hazardous materials (hazmat) events pose a health threat not only for those individuals in the immediate vicinity of the release (ie, members of the general public, on-site first responders, employees), but also for ED personnel (ie, physicians and nurses) treating the chemically contaminated victims arriving at the hospital. Secondary contamination injuries to ED personnel result when exposed victims enter the ED without being properly decontaminated. Data from the Agency for Toxic Substances and Disease Registry's Hazardous Substances Emergency Events Surveillance System were used to conduct a retrospective analysis on hazmat events occurring in 16 states from 1995 through 2001 that involved secondary injury to ED personnel. Six events were identified in which 15 ED personnel were secondarily injured while treating contaminated victims. The predominant injuries sustained were respiratory and eye irritation. Proper victim decontamination procedures, good field-to-hospital communication, and appropriate personal protective equipment (PPE) use can help prevent ED personnel injuries and contamination of the ED. JF - The American journal of emergency medicine AU - Horton, D Kevin AU - Berkowitz, Zahava AU - Kaye, Wendy E AD - Agency for Toxic Substances and Disease Registry, Division of Health Studies/Epidemidogy and Surveillance Branch, 1600 Clifton Road NE, Mailstop E-31, Atlanta, GA 30333, USA. dhorton@cdc.gov Y1 - 2003/05// PY - 2003 DA - May 2003 SP - 199 EP - 204 VL - 21 IS - 3 SN - 0735-6757, 0735-6757 KW - Hazardous Substances KW - 0 KW - Insecticides KW - Riot Control Agents, Chemical KW - Street Drugs KW - o-Chlorobenzylidenemalonitrile KW - 2698-41-1 KW - Methamphetamine KW - 44RAL3456C KW - Chlorine KW - 4R7X1O2820 KW - Hydrofluoric Acid KW - RGL5YE86CZ KW - Malathion KW - U5N7SU872W KW - Index Medicus KW - Malathion -- adverse effects KW - Humans KW - Methamphetamine -- adverse effects KW - Riot Control Agents, Chemical -- adverse effects KW - Chlorine -- adverse effects KW - Child KW - Population Surveillance KW - Street Drugs -- chemical synthesis KW - Insecticides -- adverse effects KW - Hydrofluoric Acid -- adverse effects KW - Adult KW - Street Drugs -- adverse effects KW - o-Chlorobenzylidenemalonitrile -- adverse effects KW - United States -- epidemiology KW - Methamphetamine -- chemical synthesis KW - Occupational Exposure -- statistics & numerical data KW - Hazardous Substances -- adverse effects KW - Emergency Medical Services -- statistics & numerical data UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/73386070?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+American+journal+of+emergency+medicine&rft.atitle=Secondary+contamination+of+ED+personnel+from+hazardous+materials+events%2C+1995-2001.&rft.au=Horton%2C+D+Kevin%3BBerkowitz%2C+Zahava%3BKaye%2C+Wendy+E&rft.aulast=Horton&rft.aufirst=D&rft.date=2003-05-01&rft.volume=21&rft.issue=3&rft.spage=199&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=The+American+journal+of+emergency+medicine&rft.issn=07356757&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 2003-08-05 N1 - Date created - 2003-06-17 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Frequency, severity, and costs of adverse reactions following mass treatment for lymphatic filariasis using diethylcarbamazine and albendazole in Leogane, Haiti, 2000. AN - 73370942; 12812348 AB - In October 2000, 71,187 persons were treated for lymphatic filariasis using albendazole and diethylcarbamazine (DEC) or DEC alone in Leogane, Haiti. We documented the frequency of adverse reactions, severity and cost of treatment. Adverse reactions were classified as minor, moderate, or severe. Overall, 24% (17,421) of the treated persons reported one or more adverse reactions. There were 15,916 (91%) minor and 1502 (9%) moderate adverse reaction reports. Men outnumbered women 2:1 in reporting moderate problems. Three patients, representing roughly one in 25,000 persons treated, were hospitalized with severe adverse reactions judged to be treatment-associated by physician review. The cost per person treated for adverse reactions was more than twice the cost per person treated for lymphatic filariasis (dollar 1.60 versus dollar 0.71). Severe adverse reactions to lymphatic filariasis treatment using DEC with or without albendazole are uncommon. Minor and moderate reactions are more commonly reported and their management represents a challenge to lymphatic filariasis elimination programs. JF - The American journal of tropical medicine and hygiene AU - McLaughlin, Steven I AU - Radday, Jeanne AU - Michel, Marie Carmel AU - Addiss, David G AU - Beach, Michael J AU - Lammie, Patrick J AU - Lammie, John AU - Rheingans, Richard AU - Lafontant, Jack AD - Division of Parasitic Diseases, National Center for Infectious Diseases, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia 30333, USA. swm4@cdc.gov Y1 - 2003/05// PY - 2003 DA - May 2003 SP - 568 EP - 573 VL - 68 IS - 5 SN - 0002-9637, 0002-9637 KW - Anthelmintics KW - 0 KW - Filaricides KW - Albendazole KW - F4216019LN KW - Diethylcarbamazine KW - V867Q8X3ZD KW - Abridged Index Medicus KW - Index Medicus KW - Haiti KW - Age Factors KW - Sex Factors KW - Humans KW - Adult KW - Middle Aged KW - Adolescent KW - Male KW - Female KW - Health Care Costs KW - Filaricides -- economics KW - Albendazole -- adverse effects KW - Diethylcarbamazine -- adverse effects KW - Filaricides -- adverse effects KW - Anthelmintics -- adverse effects KW - Albendazole -- economics KW - Diethylcarbamazine -- therapeutic use KW - Filaricides -- therapeutic use KW - Elephantiasis, Filarial -- drug therapy KW - Anthelmintics -- economics KW - Diethylcarbamazine -- economics KW - Elephantiasis, Filarial -- economics KW - Albendazole -- therapeutic use KW - Anthelmintics -- therapeutic use UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/73370942?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+American+journal+of+tropical+medicine+and+hygiene&rft.atitle=Frequency%2C+severity%2C+and+costs+of+adverse+reactions+following+mass+treatment+for+lymphatic+filariasis+using+diethylcarbamazine+and+albendazole+in+Leogane%2C+Haiti%2C+2000.&rft.au=McLaughlin%2C+Steven+I%3BRadday%2C+Jeanne%3BMichel%2C+Marie+Carmel%3BAddiss%2C+David+G%3BBeach%2C+Michael+J%3BLammie%2C+Patrick+J%3BLammie%2C+John%3BRheingans%2C+Richard%3BLafontant%2C+Jack&rft.aulast=McLaughlin&rft.aufirst=Steven&rft.date=2003-05-01&rft.volume=68&rft.issue=5&rft.spage=568&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=The+American+journal+of+tropical+medicine+and+hygiene&rft.issn=00029637&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 2003-06-24 N1 - Date created - 2003-06-18 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Endemic, notifiable bioterrorism-related diseases, United States, 1992-1999. AN - 73267503; 12737739 AB - Little information is available in the United States regarding the incidence and distribution of diseases caused by critical microbiologic agents with the potential for use in acts of terrorism. We describe disease-specific, demographic, geographic, and seasonal distribution of selected bioterrorism-related conditions (anthrax, botulism, brucellosis, cholera, plague, tularemia, and viral encephalitides) reported to the National Notifiable Diseases Surveillance System in 1992 to 1999. Tularemia and brucellosis were the most frequently reported diseases. Anthrax, plague, western equine encephalitis, and eastern equine encephalitis were rare. Higher incidence rates for cholera and plague were noted in the western United States and for tularemia in the central United States. Overall, the incidence of conditions caused by these critical agents in the United States is low. Individual case reports should be considered sentinel events. For potential bioterrorism-related conditions that are endemic and have low incidence, the use of nontraditional surveillance methods and complementary data sources may enhance our ability to rapidly detect changes in disease incidence. JF - Emerging infectious diseases AU - Chang, Man-huei AU - Glynn, M Kathleen AU - Groseclose, Samuel L AD - Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, 1600 Clifton Road NE, Mailstop K74, Atlanta, GA 30333, USA. mdc9@cdc.gov Y1 - 2003/05// PY - 2003 DA - May 2003 SP - 556 EP - 564 VL - 9 IS - 5 SN - 1080-6040, 1080-6040 KW - Index Medicus KW - Cholera -- epidemiology KW - Tularemia -- epidemiology KW - Humans KW - Continental Population Groups KW - Plague -- epidemiology KW - Aged KW - Child KW - Population Surveillance KW - Brucellosis -- epidemiology KW - Child, Preschool KW - Infant KW - Anthrax -- epidemiology KW - Ethnic Groups KW - Seasons KW - Adult KW - Incidence KW - Middle Aged KW - Botulism -- epidemiology KW - Geography KW - Adolescent KW - United States -- epidemiology KW - Male KW - Female KW - Communicable Diseases -- epidemiology KW - Bioterrorism UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/73267503?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Emerging+infectious+diseases&rft.atitle=Endemic%2C+notifiable+bioterrorism-related+diseases%2C+United+States%2C+1992-1999.&rft.au=Chang%2C+Man-huei%3BGlynn%2C+M+Kathleen%3BGroseclose%2C+Samuel+L&rft.aulast=Chang&rft.aufirst=Man-huei&rft.date=2003-05-01&rft.volume=9&rft.issue=5&rft.spage=556&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Emerging+infectious+diseases&rft.issn=10806040&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 2003-06-10 N1 - Date created - 2003-05-09 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - SuppNotes - Cited By: Eff Clin Pract. 1999 Sep-Oct;2(5):247-52 [10623059] JAMA. 1999 Jun 9;281(22):2127-37 [10367824] MMWR Morb Mortal Wkly Rep. 1999 Dec 31;47(53):ii-92 [10682828] MMWR Recomm Rep. 2000 Apr 21;49(RR-4):1-14 [10803503] J Public Health Manag Pract. 2000 Jul;6(4):45-9 [10977612] MMWR Morb Mortal Wkly Rep. 2001 Nov 2;50(43):941-8 [11708591] Emerg Infect Dis. 2001 Nov-Dec;7(6):933-44 [11747719] Emerg Infect Dis. 2001 Nov-Dec;7(6):959-69 [11747722] MMWR Morb Mortal Wkly Rep. 2001 Aug 17;50(32):677-80 [11785567] MMWR Morb Mortal Wkly Rep. 2001 Aug 17;50(32):680-2 [11785568] MMWR Morb Mortal Wkly Rep. 2001 Aug 24;50(33):704-6 [11787577] Emerg Infect Dis. 2002 Feb;8(2):225-30 [11897082] Am J Epidemiol. 2002 May 1;155(9):866-74 [11978592] JAMA. 1976 Jan 5;235(1):35-8 [945998] J Infect Dis. 1988 Jun;157(6):1158-62 [3373020] Epidemiol Rev. 1988;10:164-90 [3066626] MMWR Recomm Rep. 1990 Oct 19;39(RR-13):1-43 [2122225] MMWR Morb Mortal Wkly Rep. 1992 Sep 4;41(35):653-7 [1508131] JAMA. 1996 Jan 24-31;275(4):315-7 [8544273] Epidemiol Infect. 1996 Feb;116(1):9-13 [8626007] JAMA. 1996 Jul 24-31;276(4):307-12 [8656543] MMWR Recomm Rep. 1997 May 2;46(RR-10):1-55 [9148133] J Vector Ecol. 1997 Jun;22(1):77-82 [9221742] JAMA. 1997 Aug 6;278(5):389-95 [9244330] JAMA. 1997 Aug 6;278(5):396-8 [9244331] Ann Emerg Med. 1998 Mar;31(3):410-1 [9506504] Arch Intern Med. 1998 Mar 9;158(5):429-34 [9508220] J Womens Health. 1998 May;7(4):451-8 [9611703] Ann Intern Med. 1998 Aug 1;129(3):221-8 [9696731] J Public Health Manag Pract. 1996 Fall;2(4):4-10 [10186693] J Okla State Med Assoc. 1998 Nov;91(8):438-45 [9828526] MMWR Morb Mortal Wkly Rep. 1999 Feb 5;48(4):69-74 [10023627] MMWR Morb Mortal Wkly Rep. 1999 Apr 23;48(15):305-12 [10227798] JAMA. 1999 May 12;281(18):1735-45 [10328075] JAMA. 1999 Nov 17;282(19):1845-50 [10573276] N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Trends and variations in smoking during pregnancy and low birth weight: evidence from the birth certificate, 1990-2000. AN - 73266596; 12728134 AB - This study compares patterns of tobacco use during pregnancy over time and across population subgroups and examines the impact of maternal smoking on the incidence of low birth weight (LBW). The study also evaluates the use of birth certificates to monitor prenatal smoking. The birth certificates of all states (except California) and the District of Columbia for 2000 provided to Centers for Disease Control and Prevention's National Center for Health Statistics were analyzed. Trends in maternal smoking were examined with data from birth certificates and other relevant sources. Smoking during pregnancy was reported for 12.2% of women who gave birth in 2000, down 37% from 1989 (19.5%), when this information was first collected on birth certificates. Throughout the 1990s, prenatal smoking rates were highest for older teenagers and women in their early 20s. Among population subgroups, the highest rates were reported for non-Hispanic white women who attended but did not complete high school. The incidence of LBW among singleton infants who were born to smokers was double that for nonsmokers. This relationship was observed in all age groups, for births to Hispanic and non-Hispanic white and black women, and within educational attainment subgroups. Even light smoking (<5 cigarettes daily) was associated with elevated rates of LBW. Although prenatal smoking may be underreported on the birth certificate, the trends and variations in smoking based on birth certificate data have been confirmed with data from other sources. Birth certificate data can be useful in monitoring prenatal smoking patterns. Changes in the birth certificate questions that are to be implemented beginning in 2003 will help to clarify the levels and changes in smoking behavior during pregnancy so that smoking cessation programs can be more effectively designed to meet the needs of the populations at risk. JF - Pediatrics AU - Ventura, Stephanie J AU - Hamilton, Brady E AU - Mathews, T J AU - Chandra, Anjani AD - Division of Vital Statistics, National Center for Health Statistics, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Hyattsville, Maryland 20782, USA. sventura@cdc.gov Y1 - 2003/05// PY - 2003 DA - May 2003 SP - 1176 EP - 1180 VL - 111 IS - 5 Pt 2 KW - Abridged Index Medicus KW - Index Medicus KW - Birth Certificates KW - Educational Status KW - Maternal Exposure -- statistics & numerical data KW - Maternal Age KW - Humans KW - Adult KW - Infant, Newborn KW - Incidence KW - Adolescent KW - United States -- epidemiology KW - Female KW - Infant, Low Birth Weight KW - Pregnancy -- statistics & numerical data KW - Smoking -- epidemiology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/73266596?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Interferon+%26+Cytokine+Research&rft.atitle=Inflammatory+Mediators+and+Skeletal+Muscle+Injury%3A+A+DNA+Microarray+Analysis&rft.au=Summan%2C+M%3BMcKinstry%2C+M%3BWarren%2C+G+L%3BHulderman%2C+T%3BMishra%2C+D%3BBrumbaugh%2C+K%3BLuster%2C+MI%3BSimeonova%2C+P+P&rft.aulast=Summan&rft.aufirst=M&rft.date=2003-05-01&rft.volume=23&rft.issue=5&rft.spage=237&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+Interferon+%26+Cytokine+Research&rft.issn=10799907&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 2003-05-09 N1 - Date created - 2003-05-02 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Acephate exposure and decontamination on tobacco harvesters' hands. AN - 73263630; 12743614 AB - Agricultural workers manually harvesting tobacco have the potential for high dermal fexposure to pesticides, particularly on the hands. Often gloves are not worn as it hinders the harvesters' ability to harvest the tobacco leaves. To enable harvesters to remove pesticide residue on the hands and decrease absorbed doses, the EPA Worker Protection Standard requires growers to have hand-wash stations available in the field. The purpose of this study was to measure the concentration of acephate residue on the hands of tobacco harvesters, and the effectiveness of hand washing in reducing the acephate residue. Hand-wipes from the hands of 12 tobacco harvesters were collected at the end of the morning and at the end of the afternoon over 2 consecutive days. Each harvester had one hand-wiped prior to washing his hands, and the other hand-wiped after washing his hands with soap and water. In addition to the hand-wipe samples, leaf-wipe samples were collected from 15 tobacco plants to determine the amount of acephate residue on the plants. The average acephate level in leaf-wipe samples was 1.4 ng/cm(2). The geometric mean prewash and postwash acephate levels on the hands were 10.5 and 0.4 ng/cm(2), respectively. Both prewash (P-value=0.0009) and postwash hand (P-value=0.01) samples were positively correlated with leaf-wipe concentrations. Tobacco harvester position tended to influence hand exposure. Hand washing significantly reduced acephate levels on the hand, after adjusting for sampling period, hand sampled, job position, and leaf-wipe concentration (P-value< or =0.0001) with levels reduced by 96%. A substantial amount of acephate was transferred to the hands, and while hand washing significantly reduced the amount of residue on the hands, not all residue was removed. JF - Journal of exposure analysis and environmental epidemiology AU - Curwin, Brian D AU - Hein, Misty J AU - Sanderson, Wayne T AU - Nishioka, Marcia AU - Buhler, Wayne AD - National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, Division of Surveillance, Hazard Evaluations and Field Studies, Industrywide Studies Branch, 4676 Columbia Parkway MS R-14, Cincinnati. Ohio 45226, USA. bcurwin@cdc.gov Y1 - 2003/05// PY - 2003 DA - May 2003 SP - 203 EP - 210 VL - 13 IS - 3 SN - 1053-4245, 1053-4245 KW - Organothiophosphorus Compounds KW - 0 KW - Pesticide Residues KW - Phosphoramides KW - acephate KW - 3Y417O444D KW - Index Medicus KW - Decontamination -- methods KW - Humans KW - North Carolina KW - Plant Leaves -- chemistry KW - Male KW - Agriculture KW - Hand Disinfection KW - Tobacco -- chemistry KW - Pesticide Residues -- analysis KW - Organothiophosphorus Compounds -- analysis KW - Occupational Exposure -- analysis UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/73263630?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+exposure+analysis+and+environmental+epidemiology&rft.atitle=Acephate+exposure+and+decontamination+on+tobacco+harvesters%27+hands.&rft.au=Curwin%2C+Brian+D%3BHein%2C+Misty+J%3BSanderson%2C+Wayne+T%3BNishioka%2C+Marcia%3BBuhler%2C+Wayne&rft.aulast=Curwin&rft.aufirst=Brian&rft.date=2003-05-01&rft.volume=13&rft.issue=3&rft.spage=203&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+exposure+analysis+and+environmental+epidemiology&rft.issn=10534245&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 2003-11-18 N1 - Date created - 2003-05-13 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Sharing prescription medication among teenage girls: potential danger to unplanned/undiagnosed pregnancies. AN - 73243303; 12728132 AB - The objective of this study was to determine how often children and adolescents share prescription medications and, because of teratogenic concerns, assess specific reasons why girls might engage in medication-sharing behaviors. Data were collected as part of Youthstyles, a mail survey of children and adolescents 9 through 18 years of age (764 girls and 804 boys) about health issues, attitudinal variables, and media preferences. Information collected by the survey included the respondent's history of borrowing or sharing prescription medications, the frequency with which sharing occurred, the reasons why medications might be borrowed or shared, and who influences their decisions to borrow or share medication. A total of 20.1% of girls and 13.4% of boys reported ever borrowing or sharing medications. Of the girls surveyed, 15.7% reported borrowing prescription medications from others, and 14.5% reported sharing their prescription medication with someone else. The reported likelihood of sharing increased with age. Medication sharing or borrowing was not a "one time only" emergency use for many: 7.3% of girls 15 through 18 years of age had shared medications >3 times. Reasons that girls gave for why they would share medications included having a prescription for the same medicine (40.2%), getting the medication from a family member (33.4%), having the same problem as the person who had the medication (29%), or wanting something strong for pimples or oily skin (10.5%). Medication sharing is relatively common among children and adolescents and is more common among girls than boys. An adolescent who receives a medication via sharing does not receive the appropriate information about its actions and possible negative interactions with other medications or any other associated risks. Sharing potentially teratogenic drugs is of special concern. Many barriers exist to communicating the risk about teratogenic drugs to women and girls, particularly if they are not planning a pregnancy or are unaware that they are already pregnant. These findings suggest the need for basic research on issues related to the dangers of medication sharing and teratogenic risks, as well as the development of successful approaches to communicate these risks. JF - Pediatrics AU - Daniel, Katherine Lyon AU - Honein, Margaret A AU - Moore, Cynthia A AD - Division of Birth Defects and Developmental Disabilities, National Center on Birth Defects and Developmental Disabilities, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia 30341, USA. kdl8@cdc.gov Y1 - 2003/05// PY - 2003 DA - May 2003 SP - 1167 EP - 1170 VL - 111 IS - 5 Pt 2 KW - Pharmaceutical Preparations KW - 0 KW - Abridged Index Medicus KW - Index Medicus KW - Humans KW - Health Surveys KW - Child KW - Adolescent KW - Male KW - Female KW - Pregnancy KW - Social Behavior KW - Drug Prescriptions UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/73243303?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Pediatrics&rft.atitle=Sharing+prescription+medication+among+teenage+girls%3A+potential+danger+to+unplanned%2Fundiagnosed+pregnancies.&rft.au=Daniel%2C+Katherine+Lyon%3BHonein%2C+Margaret+A%3BMoore%2C+Cynthia+A&rft.aulast=Daniel&rft.aufirst=Katherine&rft.date=2003-05-01&rft.volume=111&rft.issue=5+Pt+2&rft.spage=1167&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Pediatrics&rft.issn=1098-4275&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 2003-05-09 N1 - Date created - 2003-05-02 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Binge drinking in the preconception period and the risk of unintended pregnancy: implications for women and their children. AN - 73243127; 12728126 AB - To assess the relationship between unintended pregnancy resulting in a live birth and binge drinking (having 5 or more alcoholic beverages on 1 occasion) in the 3 months before pregnancy (the preconception period) and to characterize women who are of childbearing age and binge drink. A case-control study was conducted of women with pregnancies that resulted in a live birth, comparing those with unintended pregnancies with those with intended pregnancies. Data analyzed were from the 15 states that participated in the Pregnancy Risk Assessment Monitoring System from 1996-1999. Of 72 907 respondents, 45% of pregnancies were unintended. Compared with women with intended pregnancy, women with unintended pregnancy were more likely to be young and black and to report preconception binge drinking (16.3% vs 11.9%; odds ratio [OR]: 1.43; 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.13-1.54). After adjusting for potential confounders, preconception binge drinking was associated with unintended pregnancy for white women (adjusted OR: 1.63; 95% CI: 1.47-1.80) but not for black women (adjusted OR: 0.96, 95% CI: 0.77-1.20). Overall, 14% of women reported preconception binge drinking. Women who binge drank in the preconception period were more likely to be white and unmarried; to smoke and be exposed to violence in the preconception period; and to consume alcohol, binge drink, and smoke during pregnancy. Binge drinking in the preconception period was associated with unintended pregnancies resulting in a live birth among white women but not among black women. Preconception binge drinkers were more likely to engage in other risky behaviors, including drinking during pregnancy. Comprehensive interventions to reduce binge drinking may reduce unintended pregnancies, as well as other adverse maternal and pediatric health outcomes. JF - Pediatrics AU - Naimi, Timothy S AU - Lipscomb, Leslie E AU - Brewer, Robert D AU - Gilbert, Brenda Colley AD - Alcohol Team, Emerging Investigations and Analytic Methods Branch, Division of Adult and Community Health, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia 30341, USA. tbn7@cdc.gov Y1 - 2003/05// PY - 2003 DA - May 2003 SP - 1136 EP - 1141 VL - 111 IS - 5 Pt 2 KW - Abridged Index Medicus KW - Index Medicus KW - Risk KW - Marital Status KW - Age Factors KW - Humans KW - Adult KW - Case-Control Studies KW - Adolescent KW - United States -- epidemiology KW - Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System KW - Female KW - Population Surveillance KW - Alcoholic Intoxication -- epidemiology KW - Pregnancy, Unwanted -- statistics & numerical data KW - Pregnancy -- statistics & numerical data UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/73243127?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Pediatrics&rft.atitle=Binge+drinking+in+the+preconception+period+and+the+risk+of+unintended+pregnancy%3A+implications+for+women+and+their+children.&rft.au=Naimi%2C+Timothy+S%3BLipscomb%2C+Leslie+E%3BBrewer%2C+Robert+D%3BGilbert%2C+Brenda+Colley&rft.aulast=Naimi&rft.aufirst=Timothy&rft.date=2003-05-01&rft.volume=111&rft.issue=5+Pt+2&rft.spage=1136&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Pediatrics&rft.issn=1098-4275&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 2003-05-09 N1 - Date created - 2003-05-02 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Elevated environmental temperature and methamphetamine neurotoxicity. AN - 73212231; 12706754 AB - Amphetamines have been of considerable research interest for the last several decades. More recent work has renewed interest in the role of ambient temperature in both the toxicity and neurotoxicity of these drugs. We have determined that the striatal dopaminergic neurotoxicity observed in the mouse is linked in some fashion to both body and environmental temperature. Most studies of d-methamphetamine (d-METH) neurotoxicity are conducted at standard laboratory ambient temperatures (e.g., approximately 21-22 degrees C) and utilizing a repeated dosage regimen (e.g., three to four injections spaced 2 h apart). A lowering of the ambient temperature provides neuroprotection, while an elevation increases neurotoxicity. d-METH causes long-term depletions of striatal dopamine (DA) that are accompanied by other changes that are indicative of nerve terminal degeneration. These include argyrophilia, as detected by silver degeneration stains, and an elevation in glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP), a marker of reactive gliosis in response to injury, as well as a long-term decrease in tyrosine hydroxylase (TH) protein levels. Here we show that increasing the ambient temperature during and for some time following dosing increases the neurotoxicity of d-METH. Mice (female C57BL6/J) given a single dosage of d-METH (20mg/kg s.c.) and maintained at the usual laboratory ambient temperature show minimal striatal damage (an approximately 15% depletion of DA and an approximately 86% increase in GFAP). Substantial striatal damage (e.g., an approximately 70% depletion of DA and an approximately 200% elevation in GFAP) was induced by this regimen if mice were maintained at 27 degrees C for 24 or 72 h following dosing. An increase in neurotoxicity was also apparent in mice kept at an elevated temperature for only 5 or 9 h, but keeping animals at 27 degrees C for 24 or 72 h was the most effective in increasing the neurotoxicity of d-METH. Our data show how a relatively minor change in ambient temperature can have a major impact on the degree of neurotoxicity induced by d-METH. Single-dose regimens may aid in uncovering the as yet unknown mechanism(s) of substituted amphetamine neurotoxicity because they reduce the inherent complexity present in repeated dosage regimens. JF - Environmental research AU - Miller, Diane B AU - O'Callaghan, James P AD - Toxicology and Molecular Biology Branch, Health Effects Laboratory Division, Centers for Disease Control, National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, 1095 Willowdale Road, Morgantown, WV 26505, USA. dum6@cdc.gov Y1 - 2003/05// PY - 2003 DA - May 2003 SP - 48 EP - 53 VL - 92 IS - 1 SN - 0013-9351, 0013-9351 KW - Central Nervous System Stimulants KW - 0 KW - Methamphetamine KW - 44RAL3456C KW - Index Medicus KW - Environment KW - Animals KW - Mice, Inbred C57BL KW - Mice KW - Female KW - Methamphetamine -- administration & dosage KW - Central Nervous System Stimulants -- toxicity KW - Temperature KW - Central Nervous System Stimulants -- administration & dosage KW - Methamphetamine -- toxicity UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/73212231?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Environmental+research&rft.atitle=Elevated+environmental+temperature+and+methamphetamine+neurotoxicity.&rft.au=Miller%2C+Diane+B%3BO%27Callaghan%2C+James+P&rft.aulast=Miller&rft.aufirst=Diane&rft.date=2003-05-01&rft.volume=92&rft.issue=1&rft.spage=48&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Environmental+research&rft.issn=00139351&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 2003-05-27 N1 - Date created - 2003-04-22 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Mutations causing in vitro resistance to azithromycin in Neisseria gonorrhoeae AN - 19613654; 7338859 AB - In 1999, a cluster of gonococcal isolates exhibiting high Minimal Inhibitory Concentrations (MICs), to azithromycin (2.0-4.0 mg/l) were identified in Kansas City, MO. Isolates were characterized by auxotype/serovar class, lipoprotein (Lip) subtyping and sequencing of the mtrR gene, which has been implicated in decreased azithromycin susceptibility in the gonococcus. Isolates were Pro/IB-3 and contained the 17c Lip subtype. Molecular characterization of the mtrR gene revealed a 153 base pair insertion sequence located between the mtrR/mtrC promoter and the mtrC gene. Some isolates also contained a frame shift within the mtrR gene. Transformation of these mutations into an azithromycin-sensitive recipient strain resulted in transformants with MICs as high as 2.0 mg/l and inactivation of the mtrD gene reduced azithromycin MICs 270-fold. These results demonstrated that the mtr mutations were responsible for the increased MICs in these isolates. JF - International Journal of Antimicrobial Agents AU - Johnson, Steven R AU - Sandul, Amy L AU - Parekh, Manhar AU - Wang, Susan A AU - Knapp, Joan S AU - Trees, David L AD - Gonorrhea Research Branch, Division of AIDS, STD and TB Laboratory Research, NCID, Mailstop C-13, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, 1600 Clifton Rd., Atlanta, GA 30333, USA, dlt1@cdc.gov Y1 - 2003/05// PY - 2003 DA - May 2003 SP - 414 EP - 419 PB - Elsevier Science B.V., P.O. Box 211 Amsterdam 1000 AE Netherlands, [mailto:nlinfo-f@elsevier.nl], [URL:http://www.elsevier.nl/] VL - 21 IS - 5 SN - 0924-8579, 0924-8579 KW - Genetics Abstracts; Microbiology Abstracts B: Bacteriology KW - Azithromycin KW - Multiple transferable resistance efflux system KW - Neisseria gonorrhoeae KW - Transformation KW - MtrC gene KW - Nucleotide sequence KW - Insertion sequences KW - MtrR gene KW - Minimum inhibitory concentration KW - Antimicrobial agents KW - Promoters KW - Lip KW - MtrD gene KW - Lipoproteins KW - Mutation KW - J 02310:Genetics & Taxonomy KW - G 07770:Bacteria UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/19613654?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologyb&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=International+Journal+of+Antimicrobial+Agents&rft.atitle=Mutations+causing+in+vitro+resistance+to+azithromycin+in+Neisseria+gonorrhoeae&rft.au=Johnson%2C+Steven+R%3BSandul%2C+Amy+L%3BParekh%2C+Manhar%3BWang%2C+Susan+A%3BKnapp%2C+Joan+S%3BTrees%2C+David+L&rft.aulast=Johnson&rft.aufirst=Steven&rft.date=2003-05-01&rft.volume=21&rft.issue=5&rft.spage=414&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=International+Journal+of+Antimicrobial+Agents&rft.issn=09248579&rft_id=info:doi/10.1016%2FS0924-8579%2803%2900039-6 LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2007-05-01 N1 - Last updated - 2015-04-01 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Transformation; MtrC gene; Nucleotide sequence; Insertion sequences; Minimum inhibitory concentration; MtrR gene; Antimicrobial agents; Promoters; Lip; MtrD gene; Azithromycin; Lipoproteins; Mutation; Neisseria gonorrhoeae DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0924-8579(03)00039-6 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Diurnal Patterns of Rainfall in Northwestern South America. Part III: Diurnal Gravity Waves and Nocturnal Convection Offshore AN - 18907156; 5641758 AB - Afternoon/evening near-coastal convection over land is easily understood as a response to solar heating of the land, turbulent transfer of heat and moisture to the boundary layer, and lifting of air by vigorous sea-breeze fronts. Subtler processes apparently underlie the late night and morning convection that is prevalent over coastal waters throughout the Tropics. Sensitivity tests using the fifth-generation Pennsylvania State University-NCAR Mesoscale Model (MM5), and further diagnoses of the control run described in Part II, are used to explore these processes.Prior studies have speculated that 'land-breeze' circulations, analogous but opposite to the sea breeze, drive offshore convection at night. However, nighttime radiative cooling of land and the associated thermal breezes are much weaker than the corresponding daytime processes, especially under humid tropical skies. Analysis of model mean soundings reveals that modest (fractions of a degree Celsius) temperature changes near the 800-hPa level change the sign of the buoyancy of low-level air, from negative (inhibited) to positive (convecting) after about midnight in the coastal zone. These diurnal temperature changes are seen to be signatures of a diurnal gravity wave with a propagation speed of similar to 15 m s-1, similar to the speed of motion of the diurnal seaward sweep of convection seen in satellite data as well as in the model. This wave radiates from the diurnally oscillating heat source of the daytime mixed layer, raised up into the stratified layers of the atmosphere by elevated terrain. A surprising finding is that the model mean rainfall field is almost the same in a simulation without diurnally varying solar radiation. JF - Monthly Weather Review AU - Mapes, B E AU - Warner, T T AU - Xu, M AD - CIRES, 216 UCB, Boulder CO 80309-0216, bem@cdc.noaa.gov Y1 - 2003/05// PY - 2003 DA - May 2003 SP - 830 EP - 844 PB - American Meteorological Society VL - 131 IS - 5 SN - 0027-0644, 0027-0644 KW - Water Resources Abstracts; ASFA 2: Ocean Technology Policy & Non-Living Resources; Meteorological & Geoastrophysical Abstracts KW - Gravity Waves KW - Convection KW - Diurnal rainfall variations KW - Rainfall KW - Boundary Layers KW - Solar radiation KW - Turbulent transfer KW - Turbulent boundary layer KW - Land breeze-precipitation relationships KW - Marine KW - Weather KW - Mixed layer KW - Diurnal convection variations KW - Temperature KW - Soundings KW - Atmospheric circulation KW - Cooling KW - Wave propagation KW - Model Studies KW - Sea breezes KW - ASW, South America KW - South America KW - Coastal zone KW - Rainfall patterns KW - Heating KW - Gravity waves KW - Mesoscale models KW - Gravity waves-precipitation relationships KW - Sea Breezes KW - Q2 09164:Ocean circulation and currents KW - M2 551.558.1:Convection, thermals, vertical currents of air in or below individual clouds (551.558.1) KW - M2 551.511.31:Gravity waves (551.511.31) KW - M2 551.577.31:Diurnal variation (551.577.31) KW - M2 551.577.2:Distribution at earth's surface. (551.577.2) KW - SW 0815:Precipitation UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/18907156?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Awaterresources&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Monthly+Weather+Review&rft.atitle=Diurnal+Patterns+of+Rainfall+in+Northwestern+South+America.+Part+III%3A+Diurnal+Gravity+Waves+and+Nocturnal+Convection+Offshore&rft.au=Mapes%2C+B+E%3BWarner%2C+T+T%3BXu%2C+M&rft.aulast=Mapes&rft.aufirst=B&rft.date=2003-05-01&rft.volume=131&rft.issue=5&rft.spage=830&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Monthly+Weather+Review&rft.issn=00270644&rft_id=info:doi/10.1175%2F1520-0493%282003%29131%280830%3ADPORIN%292.0.CO%3B2 LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Last updated - 2014-05-07 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Convection; Sea breezes; Coastal zone; Mixed layer; Rainfall; Gravity waves; Turbulent transfer; Atmospheric circulation; Soundings; Solar radiation; Turbulent boundary layer; Wave propagation; Land breeze-precipitation relationships; Diurnal rainfall variations; Rainfall patterns; Diurnal convection variations; Mesoscale models; Gravity waves-precipitation relationships; Gravity Waves; Weather; Heating; Boundary Layers; Temperature; Cooling; Sea Breezes; Model Studies; South America; ASW, South America; Marine DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1175/1520-0493(2003)131(0830:DPORIN)2.0.CO;2 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Diurnal Patterns of Rainfall in Northwestern South America. Part I: Observations and Context AN - 18907103; 5641756 AB - One of the rainiest areas on earth, the Panama Bight and Pacific (western) littoral of Colombia, is the focal point for a regional modeling study utilizing the fifth-generation Pennsylvania State University-NCAR Mesoscale Model (MM5) with nested grids. In this first of three parts, the observed climatology of the region is presented. The seasonal march of rainfall has a northwest-southeast axis, with western Colombia near the center, receiving rain throughout the year. This study focuses on the August-September season. The diurnal cycle of rainfall over land exhibits an afternoon maximum over most of South and Central America, typically composed of relatively small convective cloud systems. Over some large valleys in the Andes, and over Lake Maracaibo, a nocturnal maximum of rainfall is observed. A strong night/morning maximum of rainfall prevails over the coastal ocean, propagating offshore and westward with time. This offshore convection often takes the form of mesoscale convective systems with sizes comparable to the region's coastal concavities and other geographical features. The 10-day period of these model studies (28 August-7 September 1998) is shown to be a period of unusually active weather, but with a time-mean rainfall pattern similar to longer-term climatology. It is concluded that the rain-producing processes during this time period are likely to be typical of those that shape the seasonal climatology. JF - Monthly Weather Review AU - Mapes, B E AU - Warner, T T AU - Xu, M AU - Negri, A J AD - CIRES, 216 UCB, Boulder, CO 80309-0216, bem@cdc.noaa.gov Y1 - 2003/05// PY - 2003 DA - May 2003 SP - 799 EP - 812 PB - American Meteorological Society VL - 131 IS - 5 SN - 0027-0644, 0027-0644 KW - Water Resources Abstracts; Meteorological & Geoastrophysical Abstracts KW - M2 551.577.2:Distribution at earth's surface. (551.577.2) KW - SW 0815:Precipitation KW - M2 551.577:General Precipitation (551.577) UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/18907103?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Awaterresources&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Monthly+Weather+Review&rft.atitle=Diurnal+Patterns+of+Rainfall+in+Northwestern+South+America.+Part+I%3A+Observations+and+Context&rft.au=Mapes%2C+B+E%3BWarner%2C+T+T%3BXu%2C+M%3BNegri%2C+A+J&rft.aulast=Mapes&rft.aufirst=B&rft.date=2003-05-01&rft.volume=131&rft.issue=5&rft.spage=799&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Monthly+Weather+Review&rft.issn=00270644&rft_id=info:doi/10.1175%2F1520-0493%282003%29131%280799%3ADPORIN%292.0.CO%3B2 LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1175/1520-0493(2003)131(0799:DPORIN)2.0.CO;2 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Environmental Agricultural Tractor Cab Filter Efficiency and Field Evaluation AN - 18865358; 5716052 AB - To evaluate filter efficiency and performance of environmental enclosures for tractors, 3- to 4-year-old tractor enclosure combinations (cabs retrofitted to tractors after manufacturing) were studied at a custom pesticide applicators facility. Optical particle counters were used to measure the aerosol number concentration inside and outside the cab. The ratio of these concentrations multiplied by 100 is termed percentage penetration, the amount of the aerosol that penetrates into the enclosure. For particles in the 0.3 to 0.4 mu m range, penetration into the cab was reduced from 11 to 0.4% in the following sequential steps. First, manufacturing mistakes were corrected by fixing a bowed flange and inappropriate sealing of the sheet metal used to separate incoming air from air that had passed through the filter. This reduced aerosol penetration from 11 to 4.8%. Replacing gasket material on the used filter reduced penetration from 4.8 to 0.65%. This suggests that the filter gaskets are deforming and allowing leakage. Also, the filter media were evaluated for aerosol penetration as a function of particle size and were tested per the criteria stipulated in 42 CFR 84 for negative pressure air-purifying particulate respirators. These results showed penetration through the filter media of less than 0.03%, indicating that filter media were not a major source of aerosol leakage into the cab. The results suggest that the manufacturer should implement a quality control program to ensure that minimal aerosol penetration criteria into the cabs are met and an acceptable maintenance program exists to ensure compliance. Furthermore, the degradation of filter gasket material over time needs to be minimized to ensure that the environmental cabs continue to provide acceptable performance. JF - American Industrial Hygiene Association Journal AU - Heitbrink, WA AU - Moyer, E S AU - Jensen, P A AU - Martin, SB Jr AU - Watkins, D S AD - Division of Respiratory Disease Studies, Laboratory Research Branch, National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, 1095 Willowdale Road, Mail Stop H2800.4, Morgantown, WV 26505, USA, esm2@cdc.gov Y1 - 2003/05// PY - 2003 DA - May 2003 SP - 394 EP - 400 VL - 64 IS - 3 SN - 0002-8894, 0002-8894 KW - farming KW - tractors KW - Health & Safety Science Abstracts; Pollution Abstracts KW - H 1000:Occupational Safety and Health KW - P 6000:TOXICOLOGY AND HEALTH UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/18865358?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Apollution&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=American+Industrial+Hygiene+Association+Journal&rft.atitle=Environmental+Agricultural+Tractor+Cab+Filter+Efficiency+and+Field+Evaluation&rft.au=Heitbrink%2C+WA%3BMoyer%2C+E+S%3BJensen%2C+P+A%3BMartin%2C+SB+Jr%3BWatkins%2C+D+S&rft.aulast=Heitbrink&rft.aufirst=WA&rft.date=2003-05-01&rft.volume=64&rft.issue=3&rft.spage=394&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=American+Industrial+Hygiene+Association+Journal&rft.issn=00028894&rft_id=info:doi/10.1202%2F1542-8125%282003%2964%3C394%3AEAT... LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1202/1542-8125(2003)64<394:EAT... ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Decline in Invasive Pneumococcal Disease after the Introduction of Protein-Polysaccharide Conjugate Vaccine AN - 18812338; 5701935 AB - In early 2000, a protein-polysaccharide conjugate vaccine targeting seven pneumococcal serotypes was licensed in the United States for use in young children. We examined population-based data from the Active Bacterial Core Surveillance of the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention to evaluate changes in the burden of invasive disease, defined by isolation of Streptococcus pneumoniae from a normally sterile site. Serotyping and susceptibility testing of isolates were performed. We assessed trends using data from seven geographic areas with continuous participation from 1998 through 2001 (population, 16 million). The rate of invasive disease dropped from an average of 24.3 cases per 100,000 persons in 1998 and 1999 to 17.3 per 100,000 in 2001. The largest decline was in children under two years of age. In this group, the rate of disease was 69 percent lower in 2001 than the base-line rate (59.0 cases per 100,000 vs. 188.0 per 100,000, P<0.001); the rate of disease caused by vaccine and vaccine-related serotypes declined by 78 percent (P<0.001) and 50 percent (P<0.001), respectively. Disease rates also fell for adults; as compared with base line, the rate of disease in 2001 was 32 percent lower for adults 20 to 39 years of age (7.6 cases per 100,000 vs. 11.2 per 100,000, P<0.001), 8 percent lower for those 40 to 64 years of age (19.7 per 100,000 vs. 21.5 per 100,000, P=0.03), and 18 percent lower for those 65 years of age or more (49.5 per 100,000 vs. 60.1 per 100,000, P<0.001). The rate of disease caused by strains that were not susceptible to penicillin was 35 percent lower in 2001 than in 1999 (4.1 cases per 100,000 vs. 6.3 per 100,000, P<0.001). The use of the pneumococcal conjugate vaccine is preventing disease in young children, for whom the vaccine is indicated, and may be reducing the rate of disease in adults. The vaccine provides an effective new tool for reducing disease caused by drug-resistant strains. JF - New England Journal of Medicine AU - Whitney, C G AU - Farley, M M AU - Hadler, J AU - Harrison, L H AU - Bennett, N M AU - Lynfield, R AU - Reingold, A AU - Cieslak, PR AU - Pilishvili, T AU - Jackson, D AU - Facklam, R R AU - Jorgensen, J H AU - Schuchat, A AD - CDC Mailstop C-23, 1600 Clifton Rd. NE, Atlanta, GA 30333, USA, cwhitney@cdc.gov Y1 - 2003/05/01/ PY - 2003 DA - 2003 May 01 SP - 1737 EP - 1746 VL - 348 IS - 18 SN - 0028-4793, 0028-4793 KW - Microbiology Abstracts B: Bacteriology KW - J 02834:Vaccination and immunization UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/18812338?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologyb&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=New+England+Journal+of+Medicine&rft.atitle=Decline+in+Invasive+Pneumococcal+Disease+after+the+Introduction+of+Protein-Polysaccharide+Conjugate+Vaccine&rft.au=Whitney%2C+C+G%3BFarley%2C+M+M%3BHadler%2C+J%3BHarrison%2C+L+H%3BBennett%2C+N+M%3BLynfield%2C+R%3BReingold%2C+A%3BCieslak%2C+PR%3BPilishvili%2C+T%3BJackson%2C+D%3BFacklam%2C+R+R%3BJorgensen%2C+J+H%3BSchuchat%2C+A&rft.aulast=Whitney&rft.aufirst=C&rft.date=2003-05-01&rft.volume=348&rft.issue=18&rft.spage=1737&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=New+England+Journal+of+Medicine&rft.issn=00284793&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Inflammatory Mediators and Skeletal Muscle Injury: A DNA Microarray Analysis AN - 18802616; 5661721 AB - Traumatic skeletal muscle injury causes a specific sequence of cellular events consisting of degeneration, inflammation, regeneration, and fibrosis. The role of early posttraumatic mechanisms, including acute inflammatory response, in muscle repair is not well understood. In the present study, oligonucleotide microarray analyses were used to examine the candidate genes that are involved in these early events of the muscle injury/repair process. cDNA was prepared from the injured and control tibialis anterior (TA) muscle of mice 24 h postinjury and labeled with the fluorescent dye Cy5 or Cy3 prior to hybridization to a DNA microarray. The microarray analysis, including 732 genes, was conducted in triplicate, and we describe only genes modulated by the injury showing a differential expression (both increased and decreased) 1.7-fold or greater (p < 0.05) from control uninjured TA muscle. Selected expression patterns were confirmed by other gene expression detection methods, including real-time reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) and RNase protection assay (RPA) or immunohistochemistry detection methods. The upregulated genes (2.8%) were mainly associated with inflammation, oxidative stress, and cell proliferation, whereas the downregulated genes (3.2%) were related to metabolic and cell signaling pathways. In addition, the study suggested that chemokines, such as monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 (MCP-1), associated with monocyte/macrophage influx and activation, are abundantly expressed in postinjured muscle, and they might play a role in traumatic muscle injury/recovery processes. JF - Journal of Interferon & Cytokine Research AU - Summan, M AU - McKinstry, M AU - Warren, G L AU - Hulderman, T AU - Mishra, D AU - Brumbaugh, K AU - Luster, MI AU - Simeonova, P P AD - National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health Toxicology and Molecular Biology Branch, 1095 Willowdale Road, Mailstop L-3014, Morgantown, WV 26505-2888, USA, phs9@cdc.gov Y1 - 2003/05// PY - 2003 DA - May 2003 SP - 237 EP - 245 VL - 23 IS - 5 SN - 1079-9907, 1079-9907 KW - DNA microarrays KW - mice KW - monocyte chemoattractant protein 1 KW - Immunology Abstracts; Physical Education Index; Biochemistry Abstracts 2: Nucleic Acids KW - N 14510:Occurrence, isolation & assay KW - PE 090:Sports Medicine & Exercise Sport Science KW - F 06735:Mediators UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/18802616?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aphysicaleducation&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Interferon+%26+Cytokine+Research&rft.atitle=Inflammatory+Mediators+and+Skeletal+Muscle+Injury%3A+A+DNA+Microarray+Analysis&rft.au=Summan%2C+M%3BMcKinstry%2C+M%3BWarren%2C+G+L%3BHulderman%2C+T%3BMishra%2C+D%3BBrumbaugh%2C+K%3BLuster%2C+MI%3BSimeonova%2C+P+P&rft.aulast=Summan&rft.aufirst=M&rft.date=2003-05-01&rft.volume=23&rft.issue=5&rft.spage=237&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+Interferon+%26+Cytokine+Research&rft.issn=10799907&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - Physical Education Index N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Detection of Novel Bartonella Strains and Yersinia pestis in Prairie Dogs and Their Fleas (Siphonaptera: Ceratophyllidae and Pulicidae) Using Multiplex Polymerase Chain Reaction AN - 18789095; 5660255 AB - We developed a multiplex polymerase chain reaction (PCR) assay that simultaneously detects three types of flea-associated microorganisms. Targets for the assay were sequences encoding portions of the gltA , a 17-kDa antigen, and pla genes of Bartonella spp. Strong et al., Rickettsia spp. da Rocha-Lima, and Yersinia pestis Yersin, respectively. A total of 260 flea samples containing bloodmeal remnants were analyzed from fleas collected from abandoned prairie dog (Cynomys ludovicianus ) burrows at the site of an active plague epizootic in Jefferson County, CO. Results indicated that 34 (13.1%) fleas were positive for Bartonella spp., 0 (0%) were positive for Rickettsia spp., and 120 (46.2%) were positive for Y. pestis . Twenty-three (8.8%) of these fleas were coinfected with Bartonella spp. and Y. pestis . A second group of 295 bloodmeal-containing fleas was collected and analyzed from abandoned burrows in Logan County, CO, where a prairie dog die-off had occurred 2-4 mo before the time of sampling. Of these 295 fleas, 7 (2.4%) were positive for Bartonella spp., 0 (0%) were positive for Rickettsia spp., and 46 (15.6%) were positive for Y. pestis . Coinfections were not observed in fleas from the Logan County epizootic site. The multiplex PCR also was used to identify Y. pestis and Bartonella in prairie dog blood and tissues. This report represents the first identification of Bartonella from prairie dogs and their fleas. Prairie dog fleas were tested with PCR, and the Bartonella PCR amplicons produced were sequenced and found to be closely related to similar sequences amplified from Bartonella that had been isolated from prairie dog blood samples. Phylogenetic analyses indicate that the sequences of bartonellae from prairie dogs and prairie dog fleas cluster tightly within a clade that is distinct from those containing other known Bartonella genotypes. JF - Journal of Medical Entomology AU - Stevenson, H L AU - Bai, Y AU - Kosoy, MY AU - Montenieri, JA AU - Lowell, J L AU - Chu, M C AU - Gage, K L AD - Bacterial Zoonoses Branch, Division of Vector-Borne Infectious Diseases, National Center for Infectious Diseases, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Fort Collins, Colorado, klg0@cdc.gov Y1 - 2003/05// PY - 2003 DA - May 2003 SP - 329 EP - 337 PB - Entomological Society of America VL - 40 IS - 3 SN - 0022-2585, 0022-2585 KW - Black-tailed prairie dog KW - Common fleas KW - Rodent fleas KW - Microbiology Abstracts B: Bacteriology; Entomology Abstracts KW - J 02870:Invertebrate bacteriology KW - Z 05206:Medical & veterinary entomology KW - J 02710:Identification, taxonomy and typing UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/18789095?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologyb&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Medical+Entomology&rft.atitle=Detection+of+Novel+Bartonella+Strains+and+Yersinia+pestis+in+Prairie+Dogs+and+Their+Fleas+%28Siphonaptera%3A+Ceratophyllidae+and+Pulicidae%29+Using+Multiplex+Polymerase+Chain+Reaction&rft.au=Stevenson%2C+H+L%3BBai%2C+Y%3BKosoy%2C+MY%3BMontenieri%2C+JA%3BLowell%2C+J+L%3BChu%2C+M+C%3BGage%2C+K+L&rft.aulast=Stevenson&rft.aufirst=H&rft.date=2003-05-01&rft.volume=40&rft.issue=3&rft.spage=329&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+Medical+Entomology&rft.issn=00222585&rft_id=info:doi/10.1043%2F0022-2585%282003%29040%280329%3ADONBSA%292.0.CO%3B2 LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1043/0022-2585(2003)040(0329:DONBSA)2.0.CO;2 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - AIDS Mortality May Have Contributed to the Decline in Syphilis Rates in the United States in the 1990s AN - 18779419; 5648968 AB - The mortality associated with AIDS among men may have had an influence on primary and secondary syphilis trends among men in the United States, through the loss of men at high risk for acquisition or transmission of syphilis in this population and/or by prompting safer sexual behaviors in response to the threat of AIDS. The goal of this study was to examine the association between AIDS mortality rates and primary and secondary syphilis incidence rates among men in the United States from 1984 to 1997. We used a fixed-effects regression analysis of state-level AIDS mortality rates and primary and secondary syphilis incidence rates for men. Our analysis showed a significant association between higher AIDS mortality and lower rates of syphilis incidence, after we controlled for confounding factors. Our model estimates suggested that every 20 AIDS deaths per 100,000 adult men are associated with declines of about 7% to 12% in syphilis incidence rates among men. Increases in AIDS-associated mortality may have accounted for one-third to one-half of the decline in syphilis rates among men in the early 1990s. Recent declines in AIDS mortality in the United States may have contributed to the recent outbreaks of syphilis, particularly among men who have sex with men. Our findings underscore the importance of providing STD prevention services to men with HIV infection and the need for STD surveillance in communities at risk for syphilis outbreaks. JF - Sexually Transmitted Diseases AU - Chesson, H W AU - Dee, T S AU - Aral, SO AD - CDC Mailstop E-80, 1600 Clifton Road, Atlanta, GA 30333, USA, hbc7@cdc.gov Y1 - 2003/05// PY - 2003 DA - May 2003 SP - 419 EP - 424 VL - 30 IS - 5 KW - HIV KW - man KW - Microbiology Abstracts B: Bacteriology; Virology & AIDS Abstracts KW - V 22004:AIDS: Clinical aspects KW - J 02849:Sexually-transmitted diseases UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/18779419?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologyb&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Sexually+Transmitted+Diseases&rft.atitle=AIDS+Mortality+May+Have+Contributed+to+the+Decline+in+Syphilis+Rates+in+the+United+States+in+the+1990s&rft.au=Chesson%2C+H+W%3BDee%2C+T+S%3BAral%2C+SO&rft.aulast=Chesson&rft.aufirst=H&rft.date=2003-05-01&rft.volume=30&rft.issue=5&rft.spage=419&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Sexually+Transmitted+Diseases&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Evaluation of the Vitek 2 ID-GNB Assay for Identification of Members of the Family Enterobacteriaceae and Other Nonenteric Gram-Negative Bacilli and Comparison with the Vitek GNI+ Card AN - 18759644; 5621178 AB - We evaluated the Vitek 2 ID-GNB identification card (bioMerieux, Inc., Durham, N.C.) for its ability to identify members of the family Enterobacteriaceae and other gram-negative bacilli that are isolated in clinical microbiology laboratories. Using 482 enteric stock cultures and 103 strains of oxidase-positive, gram-negative glucose-fermenting and nonfermenting bacilli that were maintained at -70 degree C and passaged three times before use, we inoculated cards according to the manufacturer's directions and processed them in a Vitek 2 instrument using version VT2-R02.03 software. All panel identifications were compared to reference identifications previously confirmed by conventional tube biochemical assays. At the end of the initial 3-h incubation period, the Vitek 2 instrument demonstrated an accuracy of 93.0% for the identification of enteric strains; 414 (85.9%) were correctly identified at probability levels ranging from excellent to good, and an additional 34 (7.1%) strains were correctly identified but at a low level of discrimination. Nineteen (3.9%) strains were unidentified, and 15 (3.1%) were misidentified. The 19 unidentified strains were scattered among 10 genera. Three of the 15 misidentified strains were lactose-positive Salmonella spp. and were identified as Escherichia coli; another was a lactose-positive, malonate- negative Salmonella enterica subsp. arizonae strain that was identified as E. coli. Of the 103 glucose-fermenting and nonfermenting nonenteric strains, 88 (85.4%) were correctly identified at probability levels ranging from excellent to good, and 10 (9.7%) were correctly identified, but at a low level of discrimination, for a total of 95.1% accuracy with this group. Two strains were unidentified and three were misidentified. The errors occurred for strains in three different genera. With the increased hands-off approach of the Vitek 2 instrument and accuracies of 93% for the identification of enteric organisms and 95.1% for the identification of nonenteric organisms with the ID-GNB card, use of this product presents an acceptable method for the identification of most gram-negative organisms commonly isolated in the clinical laboratory. A comparison of these results to those obtained by testing 454 of the same strains with the Vitek GNI+ card revealed no significant difference in the abilities of the two cards to identify these organisms accurately. JF - Journal of Clinical Microbiology AU - O'Hara, C M AU - Miller, J M AD - Epidemiology and Laboratory Branch, Division of Healthcare Quality Promotion, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Mailstop C16, Atlanta, GA 30333, cmo1@cdc.gov Y1 - 2003/05// PY - 2003 DA - May 2003 SP - 2096 EP - 2101 VL - 41 IS - 5 SN - 0095-1137, 0095-1137 KW - Microbiology Abstracts B: Bacteriology KW - J 02710:Identification, taxonomy and typing UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/18759644?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologyb&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Clinical+Microbiology&rft.atitle=Evaluation+of+the+Vitek+2+ID-GNB+Assay+for+Identification+of+Members+of+the+Family+Enterobacteriaceae+and+Other+Nonenteric+Gram-Negative+Bacilli+and+Comparison+with+the+Vitek+GNI%2B+Card&rft.au=O%27Hara%2C+C+M%3BMiller%2C+J+M&rft.aulast=O%27Hara&rft.aufirst=C&rft.date=2003-05-01&rft.volume=41&rft.issue=5&rft.spage=2096&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+Clinical+Microbiology&rft.issn=00951137&rft_id=info:doi/10.1128%2FJCM.41.5.2096-2101.2003 LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/JCM.41.5.2096-2101.2003 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Peripartum Transmission of Penicillin-Resistant Streptococcus pneumoniae AN - 18740065; 5621249 AB - Streptococcus pneumoniae is a rarely recognized cause of neonatal sepsis. We present a recent case of S. pneumoniae bacteremia acquired on the first day of life in a neonate born at 30 weeks of gestation to a mother without prenatal care who had prolonged rupture of the membranes and received intravenous ampicillin prior to delivery. The isolate was resistant to penicillin, with a MIC of the drug of 4 mu g/ml. The child responded to a 7-day course of intravenous vancomycin. S. pneumoniae was recovered from the vagina of the mother on a swab culture collected prior to delivery, and isolates from mother and child were confirmed to be identical on the basis of pulsed- field gel electrophoresis. Although neonatal sepsis due to the peripartum transmission of S. pneumoniae is rare, this case highlights the concern that increasing efforts to prevent group B streptococcus neonatal disease may lead to an increase in neonatal infections due to resistant organisms. JF - Journal of Clinical Microbiology AU - McDonald, L C AU - Bryant, K AU - Snyder, J AD - Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, 1600 Clifton Rd., MS A35, Atlanta, GA 30333, LJM3@CDC.GOV Y1 - 2003/05// PY - 2003 DA - May 2003 SP - 2258 EP - 2260 VL - 41 IS - 5 SN - 0095-1137, 0095-1137 KW - case reports KW - penicillin KW - vancomycin KW - Microbiology Abstracts B: Bacteriology KW - J 02855:Human Bacteriology: Others UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/18740065?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologyb&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Clinical+Microbiology&rft.atitle=Peripartum+Transmission+of+Penicillin-Resistant+Streptococcus+pneumoniae&rft.au=McDonald%2C+L+C%3BBryant%2C+K%3BSnyder%2C+J&rft.aulast=McDonald&rft.aufirst=L&rft.date=2003-05-01&rft.volume=41&rft.issue=5&rft.spage=2258&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+Clinical+Microbiology&rft.issn=00951137&rft_id=info:doi/10.1128%2FJCM.41.5.2258-2260.2003 LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/JCM.41.5.2258-2260.2003 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Pneumoconiosis prevalence among working coal miners examined in federal chest radiograph surveillance programs--United States, 1996-2002. AN - 73284554; 12733865 AB - Coal workers' pneumoconiosis (CWP) is a chronic lung disease caused by inhalation of coal mine dust. To characterize the prevalence of CWP, the National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH) analyzed recent radiographic information from the U.S. National Coal Workers' X-ray Surveillance Program (CWXSP). Established under the Federal Coal Mine Health and Safety Act of 1969, CWXSP is administered by NIOSH under federal regulations. NIOSH is responsible for approving coal miner examination plans, submitted approximately every 5 years by companies that operate underground coal mines. This report summarizes the results of the analysis, which indicate that the overall prevalence of CWP among participating miners continues to decline; however, new cases are occurring among miners who have worked exclusively under current dust exposure limits. An evaluation of the mining conditions that have resulted in these cases is underway. JF - MMWR. Morbidity and mortality weekly report AU - Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) AD - Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) Y1 - 2003/04/18/ PY - 2003 DA - 2003 Apr 18 SP - 336 EP - 340 VL - 52 IS - 15 SN - 0149-2195, 0149-2195 KW - Index Medicus KW - Humans KW - United States -- epidemiology KW - Prevalence KW - Pneumoconiosis -- diagnosis KW - Pneumoconiosis -- epidemiology KW - Mass Chest X-Ray KW - Coal Mining UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/73284554?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=MMWR.+Morbidity+and+mortality+weekly+report&rft.atitle=Pneumoconiosis+prevalence+among+working+coal+miners+examined+in+federal+chest+radiograph+surveillance+programs--United+States%2C+1996-2002.&rft.au=Centers+for+Disease+Control+and+Prevention+%28CDC%29&rft.aulast=Centers+for+Disease+Control+and+Prevention+%28CDC%29&rft.aufirst=&rft.date=2003-04-18&rft.volume=52&rft.issue=15&rft.spage=336&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=MMWR.+Morbidity+and+mortality+weekly+report&rft.issn=01492195&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 2003-05-09 N1 - Date created - 2003-05-07 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Preliminary FoodNet data on the incidence of foodborne illnesses--selected sites, United States, 2002. AN - 73257002; 12733866 AB - In the United States, an estimated 76 million persons contract foodborne illnesses each year. CDC's Emerging Infections Program Foodborne Diseases Active Surveillance Network (FoodNet) collects data on 10 foodborne diseases in nine U.S. sites. FoodNet follows trends in foodborne infections by using laboratory-based surveillance for culture-confirmed illness caused by several enteric pathogens commonly transmitted through food. This report describes preliminary surveillance data for 2002 and compares them with 1996-2001 data. The data indicate a sustained decrease in major bacterial foodborne illnesses such as Campylobacter and Listeria, indicating progress toward meeting the national health objectives of reducing the incidence of foodborne infections by 2010 (objectives 10-1a to 10-1d). However, the data do not indicate a sustained decline in other major foodborne infections such as Escherichia coli O157 and Salmonella, indicating that increased efforts are needed to reduce further the incidence of foodborne illnesses. JF - MMWR. Morbidity and mortality weekly report AU - Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) AD - Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) Y1 - 2003/04/18/ PY - 2003 DA - 2003 Apr 18 SP - 340 EP - 343 VL - 52 IS - 15 SN - 0149-2195, 0149-2195 KW - Index Medicus KW - Humans KW - Incidence KW - United States -- epidemiology KW - Foodborne Diseases -- epidemiology KW - Population Surveillance UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/73257002?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=MMWR.+Morbidity+and+mortality+weekly+report&rft.atitle=Preliminary+FoodNet+data+on+the+incidence+of+foodborne+illnesses--selected+sites%2C+United+States%2C+2002.&rft.au=Centers+for+Disease+Control+and+Prevention+%28CDC%29&rft.aulast=Centers+for+Disease+Control+and+Prevention+%28CDC%29&rft.aufirst=&rft.date=2003-04-18&rft.volume=52&rft.issue=15&rft.spage=340&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=MMWR.+Morbidity+and+mortality+weekly+report&rft.issn=01492195&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 2003-05-09 N1 - Date created - 2003-05-07 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Update: Adverse events following civilian smallpox vaccination--United States, 2003. AN - 73246077; 12733867 AB - During January 24-April 13, 2003, smallpox vaccine was administered to 32,644 civilian health-care and public health workers in 54 jurisdictions as part of an effort to prepare the United States for a possible terrorist attack using smallpox virus. This report updates information on all vaccine-associated adverse events among civilians vaccinated since the beginning of the vaccination program and among contacts of vaccinees, received by CDC from the Vaccine Adverse Event Reporting System (VAERS) as of April 13. JF - MMWR. Morbidity and mortality weekly report AU - Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) AD - Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) Y1 - 2003/04/18/ PY - 2003 DA - 2003 Apr 18 SP - 343 EP - 345 VL - 52 IS - 15 SN - 0149-2195, 0149-2195 KW - Smallpox Vaccine KW - 0 KW - Index Medicus KW - United States KW - Public Health Practice KW - Adverse Drug Reaction Reporting Systems KW - Humans KW - Immunization Programs KW - Vaccination -- adverse effects KW - Smallpox Vaccine -- adverse effects KW - Population Surveillance UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/73246077?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=MMWR.+Morbidity+and+mortality+weekly+report&rft.atitle=Update%3A+Adverse+events+following+civilian+smallpox+vaccination--United+States%2C+2003.&rft.au=Centers+for+Disease+Control+and+Prevention+%28CDC%29&rft.aulast=Centers+for+Disease+Control+and+Prevention+%28CDC%29&rft.aufirst=&rft.date=2003-04-18&rft.volume=52&rft.issue=15&rft.spage=343&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=MMWR.+Morbidity+and+mortality+weekly+report&rft.issn=01492195&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 2003-05-09 N1 - Date created - 2003-05-07 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Intratracheal amiodarone administration to F344 rats directly damages lung airway and parenchymal cells AN - 18746047; 5622907 AB - Amiodarone (AD) is gaining support as a first-line antiarrhythmic drug despite its potentially fatal pulmonary toxicity involving inflammation and fibrosis. We previously reported a model for this amiodarone-induced pulmonary toxicity (AIPT) in which F344 rats were intratracheally (i.t.) instilled with AD (6.25 mg/kg) in sterile water on days 0 and 2, which led to transient pulmonary inflammation and lung damage and subsequent fibrosis. The goals of this study were to determine the direct effect of the drug in the lung damage occurring after i.t. AD administration, to identify its location, and to examine its potential mechanisms. Using bronchoalveolar lavage and laser-scanning confocal microscopy, it was discovered that AD instillation produces rapid and massive damage to the alveolar-capillary barrier and damage or death to lung airway and parenchymal cells. While AD in solution was found to be capable of generating hydroxyl radicals, protection from AD-induced damage could not be obtained by incorporating water-soluble antioxidants in the drug solution. However, damage induced by free-radicals could still occur after AD partitions into lipid membranes. AD could also be directly disrupting cellular membranes via its amphiphilic structure. It is not known if the mechanism(s) of damage following i.t. AD treatment are similar to the mechanisms that underlie human AIPT. Therefore these data suggest that investigators should use caution in extrapolating results from animal studies that utilize i.t. administration of AD to human AIPT. JF - Toxicology and Applied Pharmacology AU - Taylor, MD AU - Antonini, J M AU - Roberts, J R AU - Leonard, S S AU - Shi, X AU - Gannett, P M AU - Hubbs, A F AU - Reasor, MJ AD - Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, West Virginia University, Morgantown, WV 26506, USA, MDTaylor@cdc.gov Y1 - 2003/04/15/ PY - 2003 DA - 2003 Apr 15 SP - 92 EP - 103 PB - Elsevier Science (USA) VL - 188 IS - 2 SN - 0041-008X, 0041-008X KW - intratracheal administration KW - rats KW - Toxicology Abstracts KW - X 24111:Acute exposure UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/18746047?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxicologyabstracts&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Toxicology+and+Applied+Pharmacology&rft.atitle=Intratracheal+amiodarone+administration+to+F344+rats+directly+damages+lung+airway+and+parenchymal+cells&rft.au=Taylor%2C+MD%3BAntonini%2C+J+M%3BRoberts%2C+J+R%3BLeonard%2C+S+S%3BShi%2C+X%3BGannett%2C+P+M%3BHubbs%2C+A+F%3BReasor%2C+MJ&rft.aulast=Taylor&rft.aufirst=MD&rft.date=2003-04-15&rft.volume=188&rft.issue=2&rft.spage=92&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Toxicology+and+Applied+Pharmacology&rft.issn=0041008X&rft_id=info:doi/10.1016%2FS0041-008X%2802%2900034-0 LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0041-008X(02)00034-0 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Update on adverse events following civilian smallpox vaccination--United States, 2003. AN - 73280769; 12731703 AB - During January 24-April 4, 2003, smallpox vaccine was administered to 31,297 civilian health-care and public health workers in 54 jurisdictions as part of an effort to prepare the United States for a possible terrorist attack using smallpox virus. This report updates information on all vaccine-associated adverse events among civilians vaccinated since the beginning of the smallpox vaccination program and among contacts of vaccinees, received by CDC from the Vaccine Adverse Event Reporting System (VAERS) as of April 4. JF - MMWR. Morbidity and mortality weekly report AU - Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) AD - Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) Y1 - 2003/04/11/ PY - 2003 DA - 2003 Apr 11 SP - 313 EP - 315 VL - 52 IS - 14 SN - 0149-2195, 0149-2195 KW - Smallpox Vaccine KW - 0 KW - Index Medicus KW - Adverse Drug Reaction Reporting Systems KW - Humans KW - Middle Aged KW - Vaccination -- adverse effects KW - Vaccinia -- etiology KW - United States -- epidemiology KW - Male KW - Female KW - Population Surveillance KW - Myocardial Infarction -- etiology KW - Myocarditis -- etiology KW - Smallpox Vaccine -- adverse effects KW - Pericarditis -- etiology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/73280769?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=MMWR.+Morbidity+and+mortality+weekly+report&rft.atitle=Update+on+adverse+events+following+civilian+smallpox+vaccination--United+States%2C+2003.&rft.au=Centers+for+Disease+Control+and+Prevention+%28CDC%29&rft.aulast=Centers+for+Disease+Control+and+Prevention+%28CDC%29&rft.aufirst=&rft.date=2003-04-11&rft.volume=52&rft.issue=14&rft.spage=313&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=MMWR.+Morbidity+and+mortality+weekly+report&rft.issn=01492195&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 2003-05-07 N1 - Date created - 2003-05-06 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Observational survey of smoking provisions in food service establishments--Southeast Health District, Georgia, 2001. AN - 73276078; 12731701 AB - In the United States, approximately 38,000 deaths are attributable to second hand smoke (SHS) exposure each year. One of the national health objectives for 2010 is to reduce public exposure to environmental tobacco smoke (ETS) (objective 27.10). To reduce public exposure to ETS, CDC recommends smoking bans and restrictions in public places. Some of the highest reported exposures to concentrations of SHS are found in food service establishments; however, Georgia does not have a state law prohibiting smoking in these places. In March 2001, the director of Georgia's Southeast Health District requested assistance from the state health department in developing a surveillance system of smoking provisions in food service establishments. This report summarizes an observational survey of smoking provisions in food service establishments of Georgia's Southeast Health District in 2001, which found that although 69.4% (506) of all surveyed establishments were completely smoke free, the remaining establishments failed to provide several physical modifications designed to minimize ETS exposure. Public health officials in the Southeast Health District will use survey results to target interventions toward establishments lacking ETS-minimizing provisions. JF - MMWR. Morbidity and mortality weekly report AU - Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) AD - Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) Y1 - 2003/04/11/ PY - 2003 DA - 2003 Apr 11 SP - 307 EP - 309 VL - 52 IS - 14 SN - 0149-2195, 0149-2195 KW - Tobacco Smoke Pollution KW - 0 KW - Index Medicus KW - Georgia -- epidemiology KW - Humans KW - Catchment Area (Health) KW - Tobacco Smoke Pollution -- prevention & control KW - Restaurants -- statistics & numerical data KW - Smoking -- prevention & control UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/73276078?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=MMWR.+Morbidity+and+mortality+weekly+report&rft.atitle=Observational+survey+of+smoking+provisions+in+food+service+establishments--Southeast+Health+District%2C+Georgia%2C+2001.&rft.au=Centers+for+Disease+Control+and+Prevention+%28CDC%29&rft.aulast=Centers+for+Disease+Control+and+Prevention+%28CDC%29&rft.aufirst=&rft.date=2003-04-11&rft.volume=52&rft.issue=14&rft.spage=307&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=MMWR.+Morbidity+and+mortality+weekly+report&rft.issn=01492195&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 2003-05-07 N1 - Date created - 2003-05-06 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Rectal use of nonoxynol-9 among men who have sex with men. AN - 73129798; 12660538 AB - To assess recent rectal use of nonoxynol-9 (N-9), intent to use the product, and factors associated with N-9 use among men who have sex with men (MSM). Cross-sectional survey of a diverse sample of MSM in the San Francisco Bay Area. Recruitment conducted at multiple street locations on various days/times or through referral during the Fall of 2001. Sixty-one percent (349/573) had heard of N-9, of which 55% (192/349) reported hearing in the prior year that N-9 may not be protective against HIV. Of men aware of N-9, 83% (289/349) knowingly used it in their lifetime, of which 67% (193/289) used it during anal intercourse in the previous year. Forty-one percent (79/193) of those who used N-9 during anal intercourse in the past year did so without a condom because they thought it may protect against HIV. Older men were more likely than younger men to have used N-9 for protection. Men who heard that N-9 may not protect were less likely, and African-Americans (versus Caucasians) were more likely, to say they would definitely use N-9 during anal intercourse in the future. Latinos (versus Caucasians), those with unknown HIV serostatus (versus HIV-negative), and those with lower education were less likely to know about N-9 at all, and thus were at risk for unknowingly using N-9. Many MSM used N-9 during or following public health warnings about the product. Actions (e.g., information campaigns, warning labels specific to rectal use) should be considered by communities to reduce rectal use of N-9. JF - AIDS (London, England) AU - Mansergh, Gordon AU - Marks, Gary AU - Rader, Melissa AU - Colfax, Grant N AU - Buchbinder, Susan AD - Epidemiology Branch, Division of HIV/AIDS Prevention, National Center for HIV, STD and TB Prevention, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), Atlanta, Georgia 30333, USA. Y1 - 2003/04/11/ PY - 2003 DA - 2003 Apr 11 SP - 905 EP - 909 VL - 17 IS - 6 SN - 0269-9370, 0269-9370 KW - Spermatocidal Agents KW - 0 KW - Nonoxynol KW - 26027-38-3 KW - Index Medicus KW - AIDS/HIV KW - Infectious Disease Transmission, Vertical -- prevention & control KW - Condoms -- utilization KW - Age Factors KW - Humans KW - Administration, Rectal KW - Drug Utilization KW - California KW - Cross-Sectional Studies KW - Risk Factors KW - Adult KW - Health Knowledge, Attitudes, Practice KW - Adolescent KW - Male KW - Nonoxynol -- administration & dosage KW - HIV Infections -- transmission KW - HIV Infections -- prevention & control KW - Spermatocidal Agents -- administration & dosage KW - Homosexuality, Male -- psychology KW - Sexual Behavior -- statistics & numerical data UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/73129798?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=AIDS+%28London%2C+England%29&rft.atitle=Rectal+use+of+nonoxynol-9+among+men+who+have+sex+with+men.&rft.au=Mansergh%2C+Gordon%3BMarks%2C+Gary%3BRader%2C+Melissa%3BColfax%2C+Grant+N%3BBuchbinder%2C+Susan&rft.aulast=Mansergh&rft.aufirst=Gordon&rft.date=2003-04-11&rft.volume=17&rft.issue=6&rft.spage=905&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=AIDS+%28London%2C+England%29&rft.issn=02699370&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 2003-05-28 N1 - Date created - 2003-03-27 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Blood mercury levels in US children and women of childbearing age, 1999-2000. AN - 73154642; 12672735 AB - Humans are exposed to methylmercury, a well-established neurotoxin, through fish consumption. The fetus is most sensitive to the adverse effects of exposure. The extent of exposure to methylmercury in US women of reproductive age is not known. To describe the distribution of blood mercury levels in US children and women of childbearing age and the association with sociodemographic characteristics and fish consumption. The 1999-2000 data from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey, a cross-sectional survey of the noninstitutionalized US population. In 1999-2000, 1250 children aged 1 to 5 years and 2314 women aged 16 to 49 years were selected to participate in the survey. Household interviews, physical examinations, and blood mercury levels assessments were performed on 705 children (56% response rate) and 1709 women (74% response rate). Blood concentration of total mercury. Blood mercury levels were approximately 3-fold higher in women compared with children. The geometric mean concentration of total blood mercury was 0.34 micro g/L (95% confidence interval [CI], 0.30-0.39 microg/L) in children and 1.02 microg/L (95% CI, 0.85-1.20 microg/L) in women. Geometric mean mercury levels were almost 4-fold higher among women who ate 3 or more servings of fish in the past 30 days compared with women who ate no fish in that period (1.94 microg/L vs 0.51 microg/L; P<.001). Measures of mercury exposure in women of childbearing age and young children generally fall below levels of concern. However, approximately 8% of women had concentrations higher than the US Environmental Protection Agency's recommended reference dose (5.8 microg/L), below which exposures are considered to be without adverse effects. Women who are pregnant or who intend to become pregnant should follow federal and state advisories on consumption of fish. JF - JAMA AU - Schober, Susan E AU - Sinks, Thomas H AU - Jones, Robert L AU - Bolger, P Michael AU - McDowell, Margaret AU - Osterloh, John AU - Garrett, E Spencer AU - Canady, Richard A AU - Dillon, Charles F AU - Sun, Yu AU - Joseph, Catherine B AU - Mahaffey, Kathryn R AD - National Center for Health Statistics, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Hyattsville, Md 20782, USA. sschober@cdc.gov Y1 - 2003/04/02/ PY - 2003 DA - 2003 Apr 02 SP - 1667 EP - 1674 VL - 289 IS - 13 SN - 0098-7484, 0098-7484 KW - Methylmercury Compounds KW - 0 KW - Mercury KW - FXS1BY2PGL KW - Abridged Index Medicus KW - Index Medicus KW - Humans KW - Nutrition Surveys KW - Methylmercury Compounds -- metabolism KW - Child, Preschool KW - Demography KW - Infant KW - Cross-Sectional Studies KW - Adult KW - Middle Aged KW - Adolescent KW - United States -- epidemiology KW - Female KW - Male KW - Mercury -- blood KW - Environmental Exposure -- statistics & numerical data KW - Seafood UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/73154642?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=JAMA&rft.atitle=Blood+mercury+levels+in+US+children+and+women+of+childbearing+age%2C+1999-2000.&rft.au=Schober%2C+Susan+E%3BSinks%2C+Thomas+H%3BJones%2C+Robert+L%3BBolger%2C+P+Michael%3BMcDowell%2C+Margaret%3BOsterloh%2C+John%3BGarrett%2C+E+Spencer%3BCanady%2C+Richard+A%3BDillon%2C+Charles+F%3BSun%2C+Yu%3BJoseph%2C+Catherine+B%3BMahaffey%2C+Kathryn+R&rft.aulast=Schober&rft.aufirst=Susan&rft.date=2003-04-02&rft.volume=289&rft.issue=13&rft.spage=1667&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=JAMA&rft.issn=00987484&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 2003-04-15 N1 - Date created - 2003-04-03 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Weight loss counseling revisited. AN - 85264955; pmid-12684339 JF - JAMA AU - Serdula, Mary K AU - Khan, Laura Kettel AU - Dietz, William H AD - Division of Nutrition and Physical Activity, Chronic Disease Nutrition Branch, National Center for Chronic Disease Prevention and Health Promotion, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Ga 30341-37117, USA. PY - 2003 SP - 1747 EP - 1750 VL - 289 IS - 14 SN - 0098-7484, 0098-7484 KW - Obesity KW - Human KW - Algorithms KW - Program Development KW - Chronic Disease KW - Risk Assessment KW - Weight Loss KW - Counseling UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/85264955?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Acomdisdome&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=JAMA&rft.atitle=Weight+loss+counseling+revisited.&rft.au=Serdula%2C+Mary+K%3BKhan%2C+Laura+Kettel%3BDietz%2C+William+H&rft.aulast=Serdula&rft.aufirst=Mary&rft.date=2003-04-01&rft.volume=289&rft.issue=14&rft.spage=1747&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=JAMA&rft.issn=00987484&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - eng DB - ComDisDome N1 - Last updated - 2010-05-07 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Vaccinations and risk of central nervous system demyelinating diseases in adults. AN - 73229913; 12707063 AB - Several case reports of the onset or exacerbation of multiple sclerosis or other demyelinating conditions shortly after vaccination have suggested that vaccines may increase the risk of demyelinating diseases. To evaluate the association between vaccination and onset of multiple sclerosis or optic neuritis. Case-control study involving cases of multiple sclerosis or optic neuritis among adults 18 to 49 years of age. Data on vaccinations and other risk factors were obtained from computerized and paper medical records and from telephone interviews. Three health maintenance organizations. Four hundred forty case subjects and 950 control subjects matched on health maintenance organization, sex, and date of birth. None. Onset of first symptoms of demyelinating disease at any time after vaccination and during specified intervals after vaccination (5 years). Cases and controls had similar vaccination histories. The odds ratios (95% confidence intervals), adjusted for potential confounding variables, of the associations between ever having been vaccinated and risk of demyelinating disease (multiple sclerosis and optic neuritis combined) were 0.9 (0.6-1.5) for hepatitis B vaccine; 0.6 (0.4-0.8) for tetanus vaccination; 0.8 (0.6-1.2) for influenza vaccine; 0.8 (0.5-1.5) for measles, mumps, rubella vaccine; 0.9 (0.5-1.4) for measles vaccine; and 0.7 (0.4-1.0) for rubella vaccine. The results were similar when multiple sclerosis and optic neuritis were analyzed separately. There was no increased risk according to timing of vaccination. Vaccination against hepatitis B, influenza, tetanus, measles, or rubella is not associated with an increased risk of multiple sclerosis or optic neuritis. JF - Archives of neurology AU - DeStefano, Frank AU - Verstraeten, Thomas AU - Jackson, Lisa A AU - Okoro, Catherine A AU - Benson, Patti AU - Black, Steven B AU - Shinefield, Henry R AU - Mullooly, John P AU - Likosky, William AU - Chen, Robert T AU - Vaccine Safety Datalink Research Group, National Immunization Program, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention AD - National Immunization Program, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA 30333, USA. fdestefano@cdc.gov ; Vaccine Safety Datalink Research Group, National Immunization Program, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention Y1 - 2003/04// PY - 2003 DA - April 2003 SP - 504 EP - 509 VL - 60 IS - 4 SN - 0003-9942, 0003-9942 KW - Hepatitis B Vaccines KW - 0 KW - Influenza Vaccines KW - Measles Vaccine KW - Measles-Mumps-Rubella Vaccine KW - Rubella Vaccine KW - Tetanus Toxoid KW - Vaccines KW - Abridged Index Medicus KW - Index Medicus KW - United States KW - Odds Ratio KW - Humans KW - Rubella Vaccine -- administration & dosage KW - Hepatitis B Vaccines -- administration & dosage KW - Influenza Vaccines -- adverse effects KW - Risk Assessment KW - Tetanus Toxoid -- adverse effects KW - Health Maintenance Organizations KW - Measles-Mumps-Rubella Vaccine -- adverse effects KW - Logistic Models KW - Risk Factors KW - Adult KW - Case-Control Studies KW - Hepatitis B Vaccines -- adverse effects KW - Rubella Vaccine -- adverse effects KW - Measles Vaccine -- administration & dosage KW - Adolescent KW - Time Factors KW - Tetanus Toxoid -- administration & dosage KW - Female KW - Influenza Vaccines -- administration & dosage KW - Male KW - Measles-Mumps-Rubella Vaccine -- administration & dosage KW - Vaccines -- adverse effects KW - Multiple Sclerosis -- chemically induced KW - Vaccines -- administration & dosage KW - Optic Neuritis -- immunology KW - Multiple Sclerosis -- immunology KW - Optic Neuritis -- chemically induced UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/73229913?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Archives+of+neurology&rft.atitle=Vaccinations+and+risk+of+central+nervous+system+demyelinating+diseases+in+adults.&rft.au=DeStefano%2C+Frank%3BVerstraeten%2C+Thomas%3BJackson%2C+Lisa+A%3BOkoro%2C+Catherine+A%3BBenson%2C+Patti%3BBlack%2C+Steven+B%3BShinefield%2C+Henry+R%3BMullooly%2C+John+P%3BLikosky%2C+William%3BChen%2C+Robert+T%3BVaccine+Safety+Datalink+Research+Group%2C+National+Immunization+Program%2C+Centers+for+Disease+Control+and+Prevention&rft.aulast=DeStefano&rft.aufirst=Frank&rft.date=2003-04-01&rft.volume=60&rft.issue=4&rft.spage=504&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Archives+of+neurology&rft.issn=00039942&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 2003-05-07 N1 - Date created - 2003-04-22 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Comparison of discharge silver concentrations from electrolytic plating and metallic replacement silver recovery units. AN - 73221077; 12708507 AB - Silver-based photographic X-ray film is made of solid crystals of silver chloride or silver bromide suspended in a gelatin and then coated on a film. During the X-ray developing process, the image is processed and the nonimage areas containing solid silver chloride or silver bromide crystals are removed in a solution called the fixer. There may be local environmental regulations that regulate the amount of silver discharged from a facility. To meet these regulations, many facilities have added silver recovery units to their processes. Two different types of recovery processes are in use in a large hospital and three clinics under study. All of the units were claimed by their respective manufacturers to be able to recover silver down to concentrations of 5 mg/L. This concentration would ensure that the building that houses each unit would meet the local county limit of 0.5 mg/L silver for total building silver discharge. The hypothesis for this research is that one system, newer and more expensive, consisting of so-called electrolytic plating units (EPUs) (which are followed by so-called metallic replacement units [MRUs] as a backup), will have better silver recovery than MRUs alone. A total of six units were sampled, three EPUs (in combination with MRUs) and three MRUs. The units were sampled once or twice a day for 10 days for a total of 17 samples from each. The samples then were analyzed by inductively coupled plasma spectroscopy, and an analysis of variance was performed on the results. The range for the electrolytic plating unit/metallic replacement unit combinations was 0.20-99.9 mg/L (mean of 35.15 mg/L; median of 33.8 mg/L). The range for the MRUs alone was 7.2-1112 mg/L (mean of 565.5 mg/L; median of 720 mg/L). Many individual results exceeded 5 mg/L, such that extensive dilution would be required to ensure the building effluent did not exceed 0.5 mg/L. It is suggested that the metallic replacement units be changed to EPUs (with metallic replacement backup units) because they had better silver recovery. Also, the EPU combinations need to be sampled regularly to ensure that their silver concentrations are at acceptable levels. JF - Journal of the Air & Waste Management Association (1995) AU - Harper, Martin AU - Siegel, Julie M AD - Department of Environmental Health Sciences, School of Public Health, University of Alabama, Birmingham, Alabama, USA. mharper@cdc.gov Y1 - 2003/04// PY - 2003 DA - April 2003 SP - 434 EP - 441 VL - 53 IS - 4 SN - 1096-2247, 1096-2247 KW - Industrial Waste KW - 0 KW - Silver KW - 3M4G523W1G KW - Index Medicus KW - Environmental Pollution -- prevention & control KW - Cost-Benefit Analysis KW - Photography KW - Silver -- analysis KW - Conservation of Natural Resources -- economics KW - Electroplating UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/73221077?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+the+Air+%26+Waste+Management+Association+%281995%29&rft.atitle=Comparison+of+discharge+silver+concentrations+from+electrolytic+plating+and+metallic+replacement+silver+recovery+units.&rft.au=Harper%2C+Martin%3BSiegel%2C+Julie+M&rft.aulast=Harper&rft.aufirst=Martin&rft.date=2003-04-01&rft.volume=53&rft.issue=4&rft.spage=434&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+the+Air+%26+Waste+Management+Association+%281995%29&rft.issn=10962247&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 2003-05-13 N1 - Date created - 2003-04-23 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Counterterrorism planning using the Hazardous Substances Events Surveillance system. AN - 73197791; 12704318 AB - The Hazardous Substances Emergency Events Surveillance (HSEES) system was developed in 1990 and is maintained by the Agency for Toxic Substances and Disease Registry, a public health agency within the United States Department of Health and Human Services. HSEES data can be used for hazard vulnerability assessments. Baseline patterns of hazardous substance releases can be used by local emergency planning committees to (1) identify substances that cause serious injuries, (2) improve monitoring and control of access, and (3) assess the preparedness of responding agencies. HSEES is an active surveillance system that can be useful in the early detection of unusual occurrences involving hazardous substances. JF - Disaster management & response : DMR : an official publication of the Emergency Nurses Association AU - Manassaram, Deana M AU - Orr, Maureen F AU - Kaye, Wendy E AD - Division of Health Studies/Epidemiology and Surveillance Branch, Agency for Toxic Substances and Disease Registry, Atlanta, Georgia 30333, USA. dmanassaram@cdc.gov PY - 2003 SP - 35 EP - 40 VL - 1 IS - 2 SN - 1540-2487, 1540-2487 KW - Chemical Warfare Agents KW - 0 KW - Hazardous Substances KW - Nursing KW - Wounds and Injuries -- epidemiology KW - Wounds and Injuries -- etiology KW - Humans KW - United States -- epidemiology KW - Registries KW - Disaster Planning -- statistics & numerical data KW - Sentinel Surveillance KW - Hazardous Substances -- adverse effects KW - Bioterrorism UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/73197791?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Disaster+management+%26+response+%3A+DMR+%3A+an+official+publication+of+the+Emergency+Nurses+Association&rft.atitle=Counterterrorism+planning+using+the+Hazardous+Substances+Events+Surveillance+system.&rft.au=Manassaram%2C+Deana+M%3BOrr%2C+Maureen+F%3BKaye%2C+Wendy+E&rft.aulast=Manassaram&rft.aufirst=Deana&rft.date=2003-04-01&rft.volume=1&rft.issue=2&rft.spage=35&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Disaster+management+%26+response+%3A+DMR+%3A+an+official+publication+of+the+Emergency+Nurses+Association&rft.issn=15402487&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 2003-06-03 N1 - Date created - 2003-04-21 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - An occupational reproductive research agenda for the third millennium. AN - 73169114; 12676620 AB - There is a significant public health concern about the potential effects of occupational exposure to toxic substances on reproductive outcomes. Several toxicants with reported reproductive and developmental effects are still in regular commercial or therapeutic use and thus present potential exposure to workers. Examples of these include heavy metals, organic solvents, pesticides and herbicides, and sterilants, anesthetic gases, and anticancer drugs used in health care. Many other substances are suspected of producing reproductive or developmental toxicity but lack sufficient data. Progress has been limited in identifying hazards and quantifying their potencies and in separating the contribution of these hazards from other etiologic factors. Identifying the causative agents, mechanisms by which they act, and any potential target populations, present the opportunity to intervene and protect the reproductive health of workers. The pace of laboratory studies to identify hazards and to underpin the biologic plausibility of effects in humans has not matched the pace at which new chemicals are introduced into commerce. Though many research challenges exist today, recent technologic and methodologic advances have been made that allow researchers to overcome some of these obstacles. The objective of this article is to recommend future directions in occupational reproductive health research. By bridging interdisciplinary gaps, the scientific community can work together to improve health and reduce adverse outcomes. JF - Environmental health perspectives AU - Lawson, Christina C AU - Schnorr, Teresa M AU - Daston, George P AU - Grajewski, Barbara AU - Marcus, Michele AU - McDiarmid, Melissa AU - Murono, Eisuke AU - Perreault, Sally D AU - Schrader, Steven M AU - Shelby, Michael AD - National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Cincinnati, Ohio 45226, USA. clawson@cdc.gov Y1 - 2003/04// PY - 2003 DA - April 2003 SP - 584 EP - 592 VL - 111 IS - 4 SN - 0091-6765, 0091-6765 KW - Xenobiotics KW - 0 KW - Index Medicus KW - Humans KW - Communication KW - Forecasting KW - Occupational Health KW - Xenobiotics -- adverse effects KW - Reproduction KW - Research Design UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/73169114?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=MMWR.+Morbidity+and+mortality+weekly+report&rft.atitle=Motivational+intervention+to+reduce+alcohol-exposed+pregnancies--Florida%2C+Texas%2C+and+Virginia%2C+1997-2001.&rft.au=Centers+for+Disease+Control+and+Prevention+%28CDC%29&rft.aulast=Centers+for+Disease+Control+and+Prevention+%28CDC%29&rft.aufirst=&rft.date=2003-05-16&rft.volume=52&rft.issue=19&rft.spage=441&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=MMWR.+Morbidity+and+mortality+weekly+report&rft.issn=01492195&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 2003-07-15 N1 - Date created - 2003-04-04 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - SuppNotes - Cited By: Lancet. 1998 Oct 10;352(9135):1172-7 [9777833] Science. 1998 Oct 23;282(5389):682-9 [9784121] Mutat Res. 1998 Dec 3;422(2):203-5 [9838116] Fertil Steril. 1999 Jan;71(1):40-9 [9935114] JAMA. 1999 Mar 24-31;281(12):1106-9 [10188661] Obstet Gynecol Surv. 1992 Oct;47(10):679-87 [1475068] J Toxicol Environ Health. 1993 Oct-Nov;40(2-3):423-33 [8230313] Environ Health Perspect. 1993 Jul;101 Suppl 2:175-80 [8243388] Am J Ind Med. 1994 Mar;25(3):403-15 [8160658] Mutat Res. 1994 Oct-Dec;313(2-3):153-64 [7523900] J Androl. 2000 Jan-Feb;21(1):145-53 [10670528] J Am Med Womens Assoc. 2000 Spring;55(2):80-3, 105 [10808657] Int J Androl. 2000 Jun;23(3):136-44 [10844538] Scand J Work Environ Health. 1999;25 Suppl 1:17-9 [10235400] Am J Ind Med. 1999 Jun;35(6):543-53 [10332507] Am J Ind Med. 1999 Nov;36(5):573-8 [10506739] Clin Perinatol. 1986 Sep;13(3):545-54 [2945687] Br J Ind Med. 1988 Mar;45(3):193-7 [3348995] Obstet Gynecol. 1988 Jun;71(6 Pt 1):921-38 [3285273] N Engl J Med. 1988 Jul 28;319(4):189-94 [3393170] Br J Ind Med. 1988 Sep;45(9):577-80 [3052569] Am J Hum Genet. 1989 May;44(5):646-51 [2523192] Toxicol Pathol. 1989;17(2):364-76 [2675287] Br J Ind Med. 1989 Jun;46(6):399-406 [2818974] Chronobiologia. 1989 Oct-Dec;16(4):353-63 [2516793] Br J Ind Med. 1991 Jun;48(6):375-81 [2064975] Environ Health Perspect. 1991 Aug;94:143-6 [1954925] Reprod Toxicol. 1988;2(3-4):183-90 [2980344] Reprod Toxicol. 1988;2(3-4):191-8 [2980345] Reprod Toxicol. 1992;6(3):267-73 [1591485] Reprod Toxicol. 1992;6(3):275-9 [1591486] Reprod Toxicol. 2000 Jul-Aug;14(4):293-301 [10908832] Biol Reprod. 2000 Sep;63(3):925-32 [10952940] Endocrinology. 2000 Sep;141(9):3510-3 [10965925] Am J Hum Genet. 2000 Oct;67(4):862-72 [10961911] Andrologia. 2000 Sep;32(4-5):247-54 [11021516] Environ Health Perspect. 2000 Sep;108(9):803-13 [11017884] J Occup Environ Med. 2000 Oct;42(10):993-1005 [11039163] Environ Health Perspect. 2000 Oct;108(10):979-82 [11049818] Am J Epidemiol. 2000 Oct 15;152(8):693-700 [11052546] Hum Reprod. 2001 Feb;16(2):250-8 [11157815] Science. 2001 Feb 16;291(5507):1304-51 [11181995] Nature. 2001 Feb 15;409(6822):860-921 [11237011] Public Health Rep. 2001;116 Suppl 1:32-40 [11889273] Environ Health Perspect. 2002 Aug;110(8):805-11 [12153763] J Occup Environ Med. 2002 Oct;44(10):947-55 [12391774] Lancet. 1977 Dec 17;2(8051):1259-61 [73955] J Occup Med. 1983 May;25(5):394-402 [6854429] J Occup Med. 1984 Sep;26(9):676-8 [6481503] J Epidemiol Community Health. 1985 Jun;39(2):129-34 [4040151] J Occup Med. 1985 Jun;27(6):427-38 [4020501] Clin Obstet Gynecol. 1994 Sep;37(3):625-34 [7955649] Am J Epidemiol. 1995 Apr 1;141(7):629-36 [7702037] MMWR Morb Mortal Wkly Rep. 1995 Sep 22;44(37):694-9 [7666849] Am J Ind Med. 1995 Dec;28(6):783-97 [8588564] Am J Ind Med. 1995 Dec;28(6):799-815 [8588565] Am J Hum Genet. 1996 Mar;58(3):551-61 [8644715] Environ Health Perspect. 1996 Apr;104(4):408-13 [8732951] Reprod Toxicol. 1996 May-Jun;10(3):237-44 [8738562] Fertil Steril. 1996 Mar;65(3):503-9 [8774277] Am J Ind Med. 1996 Jan;29(1):49-57 [8808042] Am J Ind Med. 1996 Jan;29(1):59-65 [8808043] J Occup Environ Med. 1996 Jan;38(1):83-90 [8871336] Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev. 1996 Nov;5(11):923-8 [8922302] Hum Reprod. 1996 Oct;11(10):2090-6 [8943508] Am J Reprod Immunol. 1997 Jan;37(1):111-7 [9138444] Reprod Toxicol. 1997 Mar-Jun;11(2-3):267-9 [9100300] Reprod Toxicol. 1997 Mar-Jun;11(2-3):261-3 [9221034] Fundam Appl Toxicol. 1997 Aug;38(2):129-42 [9299186] Curr Top Dev Biol. 1998;37:383-406 [9352193] Science. 1997 Oct 24;278(5338):569-70 [9381162] Epidemiol Rev. 1997;19(1):175-80 [9360914] Science. 1997 Nov 28;278(5343):1580-1 [9411782] Environ Mol Mutagen. 1997;30(4):410-7 [9435882] Am J Ind Med. 1998 Feb;33(2):123-30 [9438045] Environ Health Perspect. 1997 Oct;105(10):1116-24 [9353176] Am J Med Genet. 1998 Feb 3;75(4):419-23 [9482651] Fam Plann Perspect. 1998 Jan-Feb;30(1):34-42 [9494814] Am J Epidemiol. 1998 Jun 1;147(11):1071-80 [9620051] Environ Health Perspect. 1998 Jul;106(7):365-8 [9637792] Am J Epidemiol. 1998 Jul 1;148(1):1-3 [9663396] J Androl. 1998 Jul-Aug;19(4):385-93 [9733139] N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Thirteen-week inhalation toxicity of N,N-dimethylformamide in F344/N rats and B6C3F1 mice. AN - 73137393; 12655034 AB - Male and female F-344 rats and B6C3F1 mice (10/sex/group) were exposed to N,N-dimethylformamide (DMF) by whole body inhalation exposure at 0, 50, 100, 200, 400, or 800 ppm, 6 h/day, 5 days/week, for 13 weeks. A concentration-dependent depression in body weight occurred in rats of both sexes at 400 (6-11%) and 800 ppm (20-22%). In contrast, all weight changes in both sexes of mice were within 10% of controls. No rats died, while 5 mice died from nonexposure-related causes. Relative liver weights were significantly increased at all DMF concentrations in both sexes and both species. Activities of serum sorbitol dehydrogenase (SDH) were statistically increased in male and female rats (200 to 800 ppm) on study days 4, 24, and 91 (13 weeks). Activities of alanine aminotransferase (ALT) and isocitrate dehydrogenase (ICD) were statistically increased in both sexes of rats exposed to 800 ppm DMF at all time points. Cholesterol (CHOL) levels were statistically increased in male and female rats (50-800 ppm) at all sampling time points. Levels of total bile acids (TBA) were statistically increased in both sexes of rats (400-800 ppm) on days 24 and 91. Centrilobular hepatocellular necrosis (minimal to moderate) was seen in rats of both sexes exposed at 400 and 800 ppm, with the lesions more severe in females. Centrilobular hepatocellular hypertrophy (minimal to mild) was found in all groups of DMF-exposed male mice, and in female mice exposed at 100-800 ppm. For male and female rats the no-observed-adverse-effect concentration (NOAEC) for microscopic liver injury was 200 ppm. The NOAEC was 50 ppm for female mice, but an NOAEC based upon the absence of microscopic liver injury was not determined in male mice. JF - Toxicological sciences : an official journal of the Society of Toxicology AU - Lynch, D W AU - Placke, M E AU - Persing, R L AU - Ryan, M J AD - Biomonitoring and Health Assessment Branch, Division of Applied Research and Technology, National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, 4676 Columbia Parkway, Cincinnati, Ohio 45226-1998, USA. dlynch@cdc.gov Y1 - 2003/04// PY - 2003 DA - April 2003 SP - 347 EP - 358 VL - 72 IS - 2 SN - 1096-6080, 1096-6080 KW - Solvents KW - 0 KW - Dimethylformamide KW - 8696NH0Y2X KW - Cholesterol KW - 97C5T2UQ7J KW - L-Iditol 2-Dehydrogenase KW - EC 1.1.1.14 KW - Isocitrate Dehydrogenase KW - EC 1.1.1.41 KW - Alanine Transaminase KW - EC 2.6.1.2 KW - Index Medicus KW - Animals KW - Isocitrate Dehydrogenase -- blood KW - Liver -- pathology KW - Dose-Response Relationship, Drug KW - Mice KW - Rats KW - Mice, Inbred Strains KW - Cholesterol -- blood KW - Rats, Inbred F344 KW - Necrosis KW - Alanine Transaminase -- blood KW - No-Observed-Adverse-Effect Level KW - L-Iditol 2-Dehydrogenase -- blood KW - Liver -- drug effects KW - Body Weight -- drug effects KW - Administration, Inhalation KW - Female KW - Male KW - Organ Size -- drug effects KW - Solvents -- toxicity KW - Solvents -- administration & dosage KW - Dimethylformamide -- toxicity KW - Dimethylformamide -- administration & dosage UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/73137393?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Toxicological+sciences+%3A+an+official+journal+of+the+Society+of+Toxicology&rft.atitle=Thirteen-week+inhalation+toxicity+of+N%2CN-dimethylformamide+in+F344%2FN+rats+and+B6C3F1+mice.&rft.au=Lynch%2C+D+W%3BPlacke%2C+M+E%3BPersing%2C+R+L%3BRyan%2C+M+J&rft.aulast=Lynch&rft.aufirst=D&rft.date=2003-04-01&rft.volume=72&rft.issue=2&rft.spage=347&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Toxicological+sciences+%3A+an+official+journal+of+the+Society+of+Toxicology&rft.issn=10966080&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 2003-09-26 N1 - Date created - 2003-03-27 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Vanadium-induced apoptosis and pulmonary inflammation in mice: Role of reactive oxygen species. AN - 73036281; 12599213 AB - Pulmonary exposure to metals and metal-containing compounds is associated with pulmonary inflammation, cell death, and tissue injury. The present study uses a mouse model to investigate vanadium-induced apoptosis and lung inflammation, and the role of reactive oxygen species (ROS) in this process. Aspiration of the pentavalent form of vanadium, V (V), caused a rapid influx of polymorphonuclear leukocytes into the pulmonary airspace with a peak inflammatory response at 6 h post-exposure and resolution by 72 h. During this period, the number of apoptotic lung cells which were predominantly neutrophils increased considerably with a peak response at 24 h accompanied by no or minimum necrosis. After 24 h when the V (V)-induced inflammation was in the resolution phase, an increased influx of macrophages and engulfment of apoptotic bodies by these phagocytes was observed, supporting the role of macrophages in apoptotic cell clearance and resolution of V (V)-induced lung inflammation. Electron spin resonance (ESR) studies using lavaged alveolar macrophages showed the formation of ROS, including O(2)(*-), H(2)O(2), and (*)OH radicals which were confirmed by inhibition with free radical scavengers. The mechanism of ROS generation induced by V (V) involved the activation of an NADPH oxidase complex and the mitochondrial electron transport chain. The ROS scavenger, catalase (H(2)O(2) scavenger), effectively inhibited both lung cell apoptosis and the inflammatory response, whereas superoxide dismutase (SOD) (O(2)(*-) scavenger) and the metal chelator, deferoxamine (inhibitor of (*)OH generation by Fenton-like reactions) had lesser effects. These results indicate that multiple oxidative species are involved in V (V)-induced lung inflammation and apoptosis, and that H(2)O(2) plays a major role in this process. JF - Journal of cellular physiology AU - Wang, Liying AU - Medan, Djordje AU - Mercer, Robert AU - Overmiller, Dean AU - Leornard, Stephen AU - Castranova, Vincent AU - Shi, Xianglin AU - Ding, Min AU - Huang, Chuanshu AU - Rojanasakul, Yon AD - Pathology and Physiology Research Branch, National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, Morgantown, West Virginia 26505, USA. lmw6@cdc.gov Y1 - 2003/04// PY - 2003 DA - April 2003 SP - 99 EP - 107 VL - 195 IS - 1 SN - 0021-9541, 0021-9541 KW - Free Radical Scavengers KW - 0 KW - Reactive Oxygen Species KW - Vanadates KW - 3WHH0066W5 KW - Index Medicus KW - Animals KW - Neutrophils -- pathology KW - Mice KW - Lung -- pathology KW - Mice, Inbred BALB C KW - In Situ Nick-End Labeling KW - Necrosis KW - Spin Trapping KW - Electron Spin Resonance Spectroscopy KW - Instillation, Drug KW - Lung -- drug effects KW - Administration, Inhalation KW - Bronchoalveolar Lavage Fluid -- cytology KW - Macrophages, Alveolar -- pathology KW - Free Radical Scavengers -- pharmacology KW - Male KW - Reactive Oxygen Species -- metabolism KW - Pneumonia -- chemically induced KW - Vanadates -- toxicity KW - Apoptosis -- drug effects KW - Vanadates -- administration & dosage KW - Pneumonia -- pathology KW - Pneumonia -- metabolism UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/73036281?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+cellular+physiology&rft.atitle=Vanadium-induced+apoptosis+and+pulmonary+inflammation+in+mice%3A+Role+of+reactive+oxygen+species.&rft.au=Wang%2C+Liying%3BMedan%2C+Djordje%3BMercer%2C+Robert%3BOvermiller%2C+Dean%3BLeornard%2C+Stephen%3BCastranova%2C+Vincent%3BShi%2C+Xianglin%3BDing%2C+Min%3BHuang%2C+Chuanshu%3BRojanasakul%2C+Yon&rft.aulast=Wang&rft.aufirst=Liying&rft.date=2003-04-01&rft.volume=195&rft.issue=1&rft.spage=99&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+cellular+physiology&rft.issn=00219541&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 2003-04-02 N1 - Date created - 2003-02-24 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Reliability and validity of self-reported height and weight among high school students AN - 20770995; 8114796 AB - Purpose To assess the reliability and validity of self-reported height and weight, and variables calculated from these values, in a diverse sample of adolescents. Methods A convenience sample of students (n = 4619) in grades 9 through 12 reported their height and weight on two questionnaires administered approximately 2 weeks apart. Using a standard protocol, a subsample of these students (n = 2032) also were weighed and had their height measured following completion of the first questionnaire. Results Self-reported heights at Time 1 and Time 2 were highly correlated, and the mean difference between height at Time 1 and Time 2 was small. Results were similar for self-reported weight at Time 1 and Time 2 and body mass index (BMI) calculated from these values. Although self-reported values of height, weight, and BMI were highly correlated with their measured values, on average, students overreported their height by 2.7 inches and underreported their weight by 3.5 pounds. Resulting BMI values were an average of 2.6 kg/m2 lower when based on self-reported vs. measured values. The percentages of students classified as 'overweight' or 'at risk for overweight' were therefore lower when based on self-reported rather than on measured values. White students were more likely than those in other race/ethnic groups to overreport their height, and the tendency to overreport height increased by grade. Female students were more likely than male students to underreport their weight. Conclusions Self-reported height, weight, and BMI calculated from these values were highly reliable but were discrepant from measured height, weight, and BMIs calculated from measured values. BMIs based on self-reported height and weight values therefore underestimate the prevalence of overweight in adolescent populations. JF - Journal of Adolescent Health AU - Brener, Nancy D AU - McManus, Tim AU - Galuska, Deborah A AU - Lowry, Richard AU - Wechsler, Howell AD - Division of Adolescent and School Health, National Center for Chronic Disease Prevention and Health Promotion, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia, USA, nad1@cdc.gov Y1 - 2003/04// PY - 2003 DA - Apr 2003 SP - 281 EP - 287 PB - Elsevier Science, The Boulevard Langford Lane Kidlington Oxford OX5 1GB UK, [mailto:usinfo-f@elsevier.com], [URL:http://www.elsevier.nl] VL - 32 IS - 4 SN - 1054-139X, 1054-139X KW - Physical Education Index; Risk Abstracts KW - Obesity KW - Measurement KW - Adolescence KW - Body mass KW - Validity KW - Height KW - Students KW - Weight KW - body mass KW - Ethnic groups KW - Adolescents KW - R2 23060:Medical and environmental health KW - PE 030:Exercise, Health & Physical Fitness UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/20770995?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Ariskabstracts&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Adolescent+Health&rft.atitle=Reliability+and+validity+of+self-reported+height+and+weight+among+high+school+students&rft.au=Brener%2C+Nancy+D%3BMcManus%2C+Tim%3BGaluska%2C+Deborah+A%3BLowry%2C+Richard%3BWechsler%2C+Howell&rft.aulast=Brener&rft.aufirst=Nancy&rft.date=2003-04-01&rft.volume=32&rft.issue=4&rft.spage=281&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+Adolescent+Health&rft.issn=1054139X&rft_id=info:doi/10.1016%2FS1054-139X%2802%2900708-5 LA - English DB - Physical Education Index; ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2008-07-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-14 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Height; Weight; Students; Body mass; Measurement; Adolescence; Obesity; Validity; Adolescents; Ethnic groups; body mass DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S1054-139X(02)00708-5 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Effects of intrapartum antimicrobial prophylaxis for prevention of group-B- streptococcal disease on the incidence and ecology of early-onset neonatal sepsis AN - 19236986; 5809237 AB - Sepsis occurring in the first week of life can be a devastating neonatal problem. Group B streptococci (GBS) and enterobacteriaceae are the main causes of early-onset sepsis in more developed countries. Intrapartum antimicrobial prophylaxis (IAP) has lowered the incidence of early-onset GBS sepsis by 50-80%. However, there are concerns that the use of IAP may select for infections caused by enterobacteriaceae, including some strains resistant to antimicrobials. We explored potential associations between IAP use and changes in the causes of early-onset sepsis. We concluded that there have been substantial declines in the incidence of early-onset infections due to GBS and, in some settings, other bacteria. Increases in the frequencies of non-GBS or antimicrobial-resistant early-onset sepsis have been limited to preterm, low-birthweight, or very-low- birthweight neonates. We propose systematic monitoring of early-onset sepsis, coupled with targeted research, to inform periodic reassessment of prevention strategies. JF - Lancet Infectious Diseases AU - Moore, M R AU - Schrag, S J AU - Schuchat, A AD - MRM is a member of the Epidemic Intelligence Service Program, Division of Applied Public Health Training, Epidemiology Program Office, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, and with SJS and AS also of the Respiratory Diseases Branch, Division of Bacterial and Mycotic Diseases, National Center for Infectious Diseases, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA, USA, mmoore4@cdc.gov Y1 - 2003/04// PY - 2003 DA - Apr 2003 SP - 201 EP - 213 PB - Elsevier Science B.V., P.O. Box 211 Amsterdam 1000 AE Netherlands, [mailto:nlinfo-f@elsevier.nl], [URL:http://www.elsevier.nl/] VL - 3 IS - 4 SN - 1473-3099, 1473-3099 KW - streptococci KW - Microbiology Abstracts B: Bacteriology KW - Streptococcus KW - Septicemia KW - Prophylaxis KW - Enterobacter KW - Neonates KW - J 02855:Human Bacteriology: Others UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/19236986?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologyb&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Lancet+Infectious+Diseases&rft.atitle=Effects+of+intrapartum+antimicrobial+prophylaxis+for+prevention+of+group-B-+streptococcal+disease+on+the+incidence+and+ecology+of+early-onset+neonatal+sepsis&rft.au=Moore%2C+M+R%3BSchrag%2C+S+J%3BSchuchat%2C+A&rft.aulast=Moore&rft.aufirst=M&rft.date=2003-04-01&rft.volume=3&rft.issue=4&rft.spage=201&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Lancet+Infectious+Diseases&rft.issn=14733099&rft_id=info:doi/10.1016%2FS1473-3099%2803%2900577-2 LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Streptococcus; Enterobacter; Prophylaxis; Septicemia; Neonates DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S1473-3099(03)00577-2 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Acute Pesticide-Related Illnesses Among Working Youths, 1988-1999 AN - 18790047; 5649818 AB - Objectives. The goal of this study was to describe acute occupational pesticide-related illnesses among youths and to provide prevention recommendations. Methods. Survey data from 8 states and from poison control center data were analyzed. Illness incidence rates and incidence rate ratios were calculated. Results. A total of 531 youths were identified with acute occupational pesticide-related illnesses. Insecticides were responsible for most of these illnesses (68%), most of which were of minor severity (79%). The average annual incidence rate among youths aged 15 to 17 years was 20.4 per billion hours worked, and the incidence rate ratio among youths vs adults was 1.71 (95% confidence interval = 1.53, 1.91). Conclusions. The present findings suggest the need for greater efforts to prevent acute occupational pesticide-related illnesses among adolescents. JF - American Journal of Public Health AU - Calvert, G M AU - Mehler, L N AU - Rosales, R AU - Baum, L AU - Thomsen, C AU - Male, D AU - Shafey, O AU - Das, R AU - Lackovic, M AU - Arvizu, E AD - National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, 4676 Columbia Pkwy, R-21, Cincinnati, OH 45226, USA, jac6@cdc.gov Y1 - 2003/04/01/ PY - 2003 DA - 2003 Apr 01 SP - 605 EP - 610 VL - 93 IS - 4 SN - 0090-0036, 0090-0036 KW - Health & Safety Science Abstracts KW - H 5000:Pesticides UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/18790047?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Ahealthsafetyabstracts&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=American+Journal+of+Public+Health&rft.atitle=Acute+Pesticide-Related+Illnesses+Among+Working+Youths%2C+1988-1999&rft.au=Calvert%2C+G+M%3BMehler%2C+L+N%3BRosales%2C+R%3BBaum%2C+L%3BThomsen%2C+C%3BMale%2C+D%3BShafey%2C+O%3BDas%2C+R%3BLackovic%2C+M%3BArvizu%2C+E&rft.aulast=Calvert&rft.aufirst=G&rft.date=2003-04-01&rft.volume=93&rft.issue=4&rft.spage=605&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=American+Journal+of+Public+Health&rft.issn=00900036&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease due to occupational exposure to silica dust: a review of epidemiological and pathological evidence AN - 18775443; 5644731 AB - Occupational exposure is an important risk factor for chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), and silica dust is one of the most important occupational respiratory toxins. Epidemiological and pathological studies suggest that silica dust exposure can lead to COPD, even in the absence of radiological signs of silicosis, and that the association between cumulative silica dust exposure and airflow obstruction is independent of silicosis. Recent clinicopathological and experimental studies have contributed further towards explaining the potential mechanism through which silica can cause pathological changes that may lead to the development of COPD. In this paper we review the epidemiological and pathological evidence relevant to the development of COPD in silica dust exposed workers within the context of recent findings. The evidence surveyed suggests that chronic levels of silica dust that do not cause disabling silicosis may cause the development of chronic bronchitis, emphysema, and/or small airways disease that can lead to airflow obstruction, even in the absence of radiological silicosis. JF - Occupational and Environmental Medicine AU - Hnizdo, E AU - Vallyathan, V AD - Division of Respiratory Disease Studies, National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, 1095 Willowdale Road, Morgantown, WV 26505, USA, Exh6@cdc.gov Y1 - 2003/04// PY - 2003 DA - Apr 2003 SP - 237 EP - 243 VL - 60 IS - 4 SN - 1351-0711, 1351-0711 KW - chronic obstructive pulmonary disease KW - man KW - Toxicology Abstracts; Health & Safety Science Abstracts; Pollution Abstracts KW - X 24250:Reviews KW - H 1000:Occupational Safety and Health KW - P 6000:TOXICOLOGY AND HEALTH UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/18775443?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxicologyabstracts&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Occupational+and+Environmental+Medicine&rft.atitle=Chronic+obstructive+pulmonary+disease+due+to+occupational+exposure+to+silica+dust%3A+a+review+of+epidemiological+and+pathological+evidence&rft.au=Hnizdo%2C+E%3BVallyathan%2C+V&rft.aulast=Hnizdo&rft.aufirst=E&rft.date=2003-04-01&rft.volume=60&rft.issue=4&rft.spage=237&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Occupational+and+Environmental+Medicine&rft.issn=13510711&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Risk Factors for Sexually Transmitted Diseases in Northern Thai Adolescents: An Audio-Computer-Assisted Self-Interview With Noninvasive Specimen Collection AN - 18769719; 5636264 AB - Background: Previous studies of sexual behavior and sexually transmitted diseases (STDs) in Thai adolescents may have been limited by participation bias and underreporting of stigmatized behaviors. Goal: The goal was to increase knowledge about risk behaviors and STDs among youths in Thailand. Study Design: Students aged 15 to 21 years completed an audio-computer-assisted self-interview. Oral fluid was tested for HIV antibodies and urine was tested for Chlamydia trachomatis and Neisseria gonorrhoeae nucleic acids with polymerase chain reaction. Results: Of 1736 invited students, 1725 (99.4%) agreed to participate. Overall, C trachomatis infection was detected in 49 (2.8%), and there were five cases (0.3%) each of infection with N gonorrhoeae and HIV. Among those who reported sexual intercourse, the prevalence of chlamydial infection was 3.7% among men and 6.1% among women. Logistic regression analysis showed age-adjusted factors associated with chlamydial infection among men to be parents' occupation in agriculture, having sold sex, having a sex partner who had been pregnant, and the number of casual sex partners during lifetime. Among women, age-adjusted factors were parents' occupation in agriculture, number of casual partners during lifetime, having an older sex partner, and perception of higher HIV infection risk. Conclusion: These adolescents had high rates of unprotected intercourse and are at risk for STDs. Prevention programs should emphasize use of effective contraceptive methods, including condom use; reducing the number of sex partners (stressing the risk a partner of older age may pose to female adolescents); and reducing engagement in commercial sex. JF - Sexually Transmitted Diseases AU - Paz-Bailey, G AU - Kilmarx, PH AU - Supawitkul, S AU - Chaowanachan, T AU - Jeeyapant, S AU - Sternberg, M AU - Markowitz, L AU - Mastro, T D AU - Van Griensven, F AD - HIV/AIDS Program, The Thailand MOPH - US CDC Collaboration, DMS Building 6, Ministry of Public Health, Nonthaburi 11000 Thailand, fav1@cdc.gov Y1 - 2003/04// PY - 2003 DA - Apr 2003 SP - 320 EP - 326 VL - 30 IS - 4 KW - HIV KW - man KW - Microbiology Abstracts B: Bacteriology; Virology & AIDS Abstracts KW - V 22005:AIDS: Epidemiological aspects KW - J 02849:Sexually-transmitted diseases UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/18769719?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologyb&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Sexually+Transmitted+Diseases&rft.atitle=Risk+Factors+for+Sexually+Transmitted+Diseases+in+Northern+Thai+Adolescents%3A+An+Audio-Computer-Assisted+Self-Interview+With+Noninvasive+Specimen+Collection&rft.au=Paz-Bailey%2C+G%3BKilmarx%2C+PH%3BSupawitkul%2C+S%3BChaowanachan%2C+T%3BJeeyapant%2C+S%3BSternberg%2C+M%3BMarkowitz%2C+L%3BMastro%2C+T+D%3BVan+Griensven%2C+F&rft.aulast=Paz-Bailey&rft.aufirst=G&rft.date=2003-04-01&rft.volume=30&rft.issue=4&rft.spage=320&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Sexually+Transmitted+Diseases&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Work-Related Reactive Airways Dysfunction Syndrome Cases from Surveillance in Selected US States AN - 18769224; 5645798 AB - The objective was to elaborate the descriptive epidemiology of work-related cases of reactive airways dysfunction syndrome (RADS). Cases of work-related asthma (WRA) were identified in four states in the United States during 1993-1995 as part of the Sentinel Event Notification Systems for Occupational Risks (SENSOR). Information gathered by follow-back interview was used to describe 123 work-related RADS cases and to compare them to 301 other WRA cases whose onset of disease was associated with a known asthma inducer. RADS represented 14% of all new-onset WRA cases identified by the state SENSOR surveillance systems. RADS cases had significant adverse medical and occupational outcomes identified by follow-back interview. In particular, 89% still had breathing problems, 78% had ever sought emergency care and 39% had ever been hospitalized for work-related breathing problems, 54% had applied for worker compensation benefits, and 41% had left the company where they experienced onset of asthma. These values equaled or exceeded the comparable figures for those WRA cases whose onset was attributed to a known inducer. Work-related RADS represents a minority of all WRA cases, but the adverse impact of this condition appears to equal that of other WRA cases. JF - Journal of Occupational and Environmental Medicine AU - Henneberger, P K AU - Derk, S J AU - Davis, L AU - Tumpowsky, C AU - Reilly, MJ AU - Rosenman, K D AU - Schill, D P AU - Valiante, D AU - Flattery, J AU - Harrison, R AU - Reinisch, F AU - Filios AU - Tift, B AD - National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, 1095 Willowdale Road M/S H-2800, Morgantown, WV 26505, USA, pkh0@cdc.gov Y1 - 2003/04// PY - 2003 DA - Apr 2003 SP - 360 EP - 368 VL - 45 IS - 4 SN - 1076-2752, 1076-2752 KW - reactive airways dysfunction syndrome KW - Health & Safety Science Abstracts; Pollution Abstracts KW - H 1000:Occupational Safety and Health KW - P 6000:TOXICOLOGY AND HEALTH UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/18769224?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Apollution&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Occupational+and+Environmental+Medicine&rft.atitle=Work-Related+Reactive+Airways+Dysfunction+Syndrome+Cases+from+Surveillance+in+Selected+US+States&rft.au=Henneberger%2C+P+K%3BDerk%2C+S+J%3BDavis%2C+L%3BTumpowsky%2C+C%3BReilly%2C+MJ%3BRosenman%2C+K+D%3BSchill%2C+D+P%3BValiante%2C+D%3BFlattery%2C+J%3BHarrison%2C+R%3BReinisch%2C+F%3BFilios%3BTift%2C+B&rft.aulast=Henneberger&rft.aufirst=P&rft.date=2003-04-01&rft.volume=45&rft.issue=4&rft.spage=360&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+Occupational+and+Environmental+Medicine&rft.issn=10762752&rft_id=info:doi/10.1097%2F01.jom.0000063620.37065.6f LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/01.jom.0000063620.37065.6f ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Acute stress modulates the irritant component of sensitizers in allergic contact dermatitis: implications for exposure assessment AN - 18742694; 5622900 AB - Exposure of skin to noxious environmental stimuli can cause allergic contact dermatitis (ACD), which is a major health risk. Epidemiological studies have determined that 40% of workers report that their jobs are very, or extremely, stressful, and the number of chemicals to which workers are exposed increases each year. We hypothesized that combined exposure to a workplace stressor and a sensitizing chemical would alter the time course and magnitude of the skin immune response. We assessed the mixed exposure of chemical and restraint stress using three potent skin sensitizers, 2,4 dinitrofluorbenzene (DNFB), dicyclohexylcarbodiimide (DCC), and oxazolone, (OXA) on the ear swelling response in stress-susceptible BALB/c mice. Quantitative analyses showed that the dose-response relationship for each chemical followed a cubic trend. Although stress did not alter the shape of the curve, application of restraint stress on day 1 or on day 6 diminished the ear swelling response to 0.1% DNFB. However, if the concentration of the challenge dose was increased to a more irritating concentration, 0.25% DNFB, ear swelling was enhanced. Restraint stress applied on day 6 also increased ear swelling in response to the highly irritating sensitizer DCC, but not to the low-irritancy chemical OXA. These data support the hypothesis that dose-response relationships exist for sensitization with chemical and that restraint stress modulation of the ear swelling response is both chemical specific and dependent on the irritancy potential of the chemical. JF - Toxicology and Applied Pharmacology AU - Flint AU - Salmen, R R AU - Brumbaugh, K AU - Tinkle, S S AD - Toxicology and Molecular Biology Branch, National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Morgantown, WV 26505, USA, sft3@cdc.gov Y1 - 2003/04/01/ PY - 2003 DA - 2003 Apr 01 SP - 50 EP - 58 PB - Elsevier Science (USA) VL - 188 IS - 1 SN - 0041-008X, 0041-008X KW - 2,4-Dinitrofluorbenzene KW - ear swelling response KW - mice KW - oxazolone KW - sensitizers KW - Toxicology Abstracts KW - X 24240:Miscellaneous UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/18742694?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxicologyabstracts&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Toxicology+and+Applied+Pharmacology&rft.atitle=Acute+stress+modulates+the+irritant+component+of+sensitizers+in+allergic+contact+dermatitis%3A+implications+for+exposure+assessment&rft.au=Flint%3BSalmen%2C+R+R%3BBrumbaugh%2C+K%3BTinkle%2C+S+S&rft.aulast=Flint&rft.aufirst=&rft.date=2003-04-01&rft.volume=188&rft.issue=1&rft.spage=50&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Toxicology+and+Applied+Pharmacology&rft.issn=0041008X&rft_id=info:doi/10.1016%2FS0041-008X%2803%2900016-4 LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0041-008X(03)00016-4 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Preventing collisions involving surface mining equipment: a GPS-based approach AN - 18742428; 5618446 AB - Problem: An average of three workers a year are killed in surface mining operations when a piece of haulage equipment collides with another smaller vehicle or a worker on foot. Another three workers are killed each year when haulage equipment backs over the edge of a dump point or stockpile. Devices to monitor the blind areas of mining equipment are needed to provide a warning to operators when a vehicle, person, or change in terrain is near the equipment. Method: A proximity warning system (PWS) based on the global positioning system (GPS) and peer-to-peer communication has been developed to prevent collisions between mining equipment, small vehicles, and stationary structures. Results: A final system was demonstrated using one off-highway haul truck, three smaller vehicles, and various stationary structures at a surface mining operation. The system successfully displayed the location of nearby vehicles and stationary structures and provided visual and audible warnings to the equipment operator when they were within a preset distance. Summary: Many surface mining operations already use GPS technology on their mobile equipment for tracking and dispatch. Our tests have shown that it is feasible to add proximity warning to these existing systems as a safety feature. Larger scale and long- term tests are needed to prove the technology adequately. Impact on Industry: A PWSs that incorporates a combination of technologies could significantly reduce accidents that involve collisions or driving over an edge at surface mining operations. JF - Journal of Safety Research AU - Ruff, T M AU - Holden, T P AD - Spokane Research Laboratory, National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, 315 East Montgometry Avenue, Spokane, WA 99207, USA, ter5@cdc.gov Y1 - 2003/04// PY - 2003 DA - Apr 2003 SP - 175 EP - 181 VL - 34 IS - 2 SN - 0022-4375, 0022-4375 KW - collision avoidance KW - global positioning systems KW - Risk Abstracts; Health & Safety Science Abstracts KW - R2 23080:Industrial and labor KW - H 1000:Occupational Safety and Health UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/18742428?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Ariskabstracts&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Safety+Research&rft.atitle=Preventing+collisions+involving+surface+mining+equipment%3A+a+GPS-based+approach&rft.au=Ruff%2C+T+M%3BHolden%2C+T+P&rft.aulast=Ruff&rft.aufirst=T&rft.date=2003-04-01&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0022-4375(02)00074-9 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Molecular Characterization of Anaplasma phagocytophilum and Borrelia burgdorferi in Ixodes scapularis Ticks from Pennsylvania AN - 18724324; 5597463 AB - Ixodes scapularis ticks were collected in 2000 and 2001 from two areas in Pennsylvania and tested for the presence of Anaplasma phagocytophilum and Borrelia burgdorferi by PCR and DNA sequencing. Of the ticks collected from northwestern and southeastern Pennsylvania, 162 of 263 (61.6%) and 25 of 191 (13.1%), respectively, were found to be positive for B. burgdorferi. DNA sequencing showed >99% identity with B. burgdorferi strains B31 and JD1. PCR testing for A. phagocytophilum revealed that 5 of 263 (1.9%) from northwestern Pennsylvania and 76 of 191 (39.8%) from southeastern Pennsylvania were positive. DNA sequencing revealed two genotypes of A. phagocytophilum, the human granulocytic ehrlichiosis (HGE) agent and a variant (AP-Variant 1) that has not been associated with human infection. Although only the HGE agent was present in northwestern Pennsylvania, both genotypes were found in southeastern Pennsylvania. These data add to a growing body of evidence showing that AP-Variant 1 is the predominant agent in areas where both genotypes coexist. JF - Journal of Clinical Microbiology AU - Courtney, J W AU - Dryden, R L AU - Montgomery, J AU - Schneider, B S AU - Smith, G AU - Massung, R F AD - Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, 1600 Clifton Rd., MS G-13, Atlanta, GA 30333, rfm2@cdc.gov Y1 - 2003/04// PY - 2003 DA - Apr 2003 SP - 1569 EP - 1573 VL - 41 IS - 4 SN - 0095-1137, 0095-1137 KW - Deer tick KW - isolates KW - molecular characterization KW - Microbiology Abstracts B: Bacteriology KW - J 02740:Genetics and evolution UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/18724324?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologyb&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Clinical+Microbiology&rft.atitle=Molecular+Characterization+of+Anaplasma+phagocytophilum+and+Borrelia+burgdorferi+in+Ixodes+scapularis+Ticks+from+Pennsylvania&rft.au=Courtney%2C+J+W%3BDryden%2C+R+L%3BMontgomery%2C+J%3BSchneider%2C+B+S%3BSmith%2C+G%3BMassung%2C+R+F&rft.aulast=Courtney&rft.aufirst=J&rft.date=2003-04-01&rft.volume=41&rft.issue=4&rft.spage=1569&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+Clinical+Microbiology&rft.issn=00951137&rft_id=info:doi/10.1128%2FJCM.41.4.1569-1573.2003 LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/JCM.41.4.1569-1573.2003 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Comparison of Methods for Detection of Chlamydia trachomatis and Neisseria gonorrhoeae Using Commercially Available Nucleic Acid Amplification Tests and a Liquid Pap Smear Medium AN - 18723406; 5597462 AB - Annual screening for Chlamydia trachomatis infection is currently recommended for sexually active women 15 to 25 years old and for women older than 25 if they have a new or multiple sex partners and have not used condoms during the previous 3 months. Annual screening for cervical abnormalities using the Pap smear has achieved a substantial reduction in morbidity and mortality from cervical cancer. Screening for Neisseria gonorrhoeae infection has likely contributed significantly to the reduction in the rates of gonococcal infection. The introduction of liquid Pap smear methods using exfoliated cervical cells presents an opportunity to screen for these three conditions using one specimen. We evaluated the preservation of C. trachomatis and Neisseria gonorrhoeae DNAs from ThinPrep liquid media (PreservCyt; Cytyc Corp., Boxborough, Mass.); tested the feasibility of using a clinical specimen of this medium for the detection of cytologic abnormalities, C. trachomatis, and N. gonorrhoeae; evaluated the agreement between ligase chain reaction (LCR) performed on PreservCyt and LCR performed on a cervical specimen; and compared the performance of LCR performed on PreservCyt to those of LCR performed on a cervical specimen, culture, PCR performed on a cervical specimen, on urine, and on a vaginal specimen (a multiple-site infection status standard), and transcription-mediated amplification (for C. trachomatis only) from 255 sexually active adolescent women. The agreement between LCR performed on PreservCyt and LCR from a cervical swab in LCx transport medium was high (for C. trachomatis, agreement = 0.97 and kappa = 0.92; for N. gonorrhoeae, agreement = 0.99 and kappa = 0.96). Test performances were similar for LCR- urine, LCR-cervix, and LCR-ThinPrep, with sensitivities from 93 to 99% for C. trachomatis and 81 to 83% for N. gonorrhoeae and specificities from 95.5 to 99% for C. trachomatis and 99.1 to 99.6% for N. gonorrhoeae using a PCR- based multiple-site infection status standard. This is the first study to examine the agreement between liquid cytologic media and multiple nucleic acid amplification tests for the detection of C. trachomatis and N. gonorrhoeae from patient samples. Cytologic fluid shows promise for simultaneous screening for cytologic abnormalities and sexually transmitted infections. JF - Journal of Clinical Microbiology AU - Koumans, E H AU - Black, C M AU - Markowitz, LE AU - Unger, E AU - Pierce, A AU - Sawyer, M K AU - Papp, J R AD - DSTD/NCHSTP, 1600 Clifton Rd. NE, MS E-02, Atlanta, GA 30329, exk0@cdc.gov@@i.@ Y1 - 2003/04// PY - 2003 DA - Apr 2003 SP - 1507 EP - 1511 VL - 41 IS - 4 SN - 0095-1137, 0095-1137 KW - PreServCyt KW - detection KW - ligase chain reaction KW - man KW - Microbiology Abstracts B: Bacteriology KW - J 02710:Identification, taxonomy and typing UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/18723406?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologyb&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Clinical+Microbiology&rft.atitle=Comparison+of+Methods+for+Detection+of+Chlamydia+trachomatis+and+Neisseria+gonorrhoeae+Using+Commercially+Available+Nucleic+Acid+Amplification+Tests+and+a+Liquid+Pap+Smear+Medium&rft.au=Koumans%2C+E+H%3BBlack%2C+C+M%3BMarkowitz%2C+LE%3BUnger%2C+E%3BPierce%2C+A%3BSawyer%2C+M+K%3BPapp%2C+J+R&rft.aulast=Koumans&rft.aufirst=E&rft.date=2003-04-01&rft.volume=41&rft.issue=4&rft.spage=1507&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+Clinical+Microbiology&rft.issn=00951137&rft_id=info:doi/10.1128%2FJCM.41.4.1507-1511.2003 LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/JCM.41.4.1507-1511.2003 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Imipenem Resistance in a Salmonella Clinical Strain Due to Plasmid- Mediated Class A Carbapenemase KPC-2 AN - 18706083; 5591639 AB - A Salmonella enterica serotype Cubana isolate exhibiting resistance to most beta -lactam antibiotics, including oxyimino-cephalosporins and imipenem, was isolated from a 4-year-old boy with gastroenteritis in Maryland. beta -Lactam resistance was mediated by a conjugative plasmid that encoded KPC-2, a class A carbapenemase previously found in a Klebsiella pneumoniae isolate from the Maryland area as well. Sequence analysis of the flanking regions indicated a potential association of bla sub(KPC-2) with mobile structures. JF - Antimicrobial Agents & Chemotherapy AU - Miriagou, V AU - Tzouvelekis, L S AU - Rossiter, S AU - Tzelepi, E AU - Angulo, F J AU - Whichard, J M AD - National Center for Infectious Diseases, MS G29, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, 1600 Clifton Rd., Atlanta, GA 30333, zyr3@cdc.gov Y1 - 2003/04// PY - 2003 DA - Apr 2003 SP - 1297 EP - 1300 VL - 47 IS - 4 SN - 0066-4804, 0066-4804 KW - KPC-2 gene KW - carbapenemase KW - Microbiology Abstracts B: Bacteriology KW - J 02795:Antibiotic resistance UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/18706083?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologyb&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Antimicrobial+Agents+%26+Chemotherapy&rft.atitle=Imipenem+Resistance+in+a+Salmonella+Clinical+Strain+Due+to+Plasmid-+Mediated+Class+A+Carbapenemase+KPC-2&rft.au=Miriagou%2C+V%3BTzouvelekis%2C+L+S%3BRossiter%2C+S%3BTzelepi%2C+E%3BAngulo%2C+F+J%3BWhichard%2C+J+M&rft.aulast=Miriagou&rft.aufirst=V&rft.date=2003-04-01&rft.volume=47&rft.issue=4&rft.spage=1297&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Antimicrobial+Agents+%26+Chemotherapy&rft.issn=00664804&rft_id=info:doi/10.1128%2FAAC.47.4.1297-1300.2003 LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/AAC.47.4.1297-1300.2003 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Vancomycin Treatment Failure Associated with Heterogeneous Vancomycin- Intermediate Staphylococcus aureus in a Patient with Endocarditis and in the Rabbit Model of Endocarditis AN - 18696198; 5591671 AB - Heterogeneous resistance to vancomycin is thought to precede emergence of intermediate susceptibility to vancomycin in Staphylococcus aureus, but the clinical significance of heterogeneous resistance is unknown. Paired S. aureus isolates from a patient with endocarditis who relapsed after vancomycin treatment were tested for heterogeneous resistance to vancomycin. The pretreatment and the relapse clinical isolates (strains SF1 and SF2, respectively) were genotyped by pulsed-field gel electrophoresis. Susceptibility to vancomycin was assessed by the broth dilution method, population analysis, and time-kill studies and in the rabbit model of endocarditis. Strains SF1 and SF2 had similar genotypes, and the vancomycin MICs for the strains were <= 2 mu g/ml. SF2 exhibited heterogeneous resistance to vancomycin. Vancomycin eradicated SF1 in the rabbit model of endocarditis, while SF2 persisted at pretreatment levels. Vancomycin treatment failure in this patient with endocarditis was attributable to heterogeneous resistance to vancomycin. JF - Antimicrobial Agents & Chemotherapy AU - Moore, M R AU - Perdreau-Remington, F AU - Chambers, H F AD - Foodborne and Diarrheal Diseases Branch, Division of Bacterial and Mycotic Diseases, National Center for Infectious Diseases, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, 1600 Clifton Rd., NE, Mailstop D-63, Atlanta, GA 30333, mmoore4@cdc.gov Y1 - 2003/04// PY - 2003 DA - Apr 2003 SP - 1262 EP - 1266 VL - 47 IS - 4 SN - 0066-4804, 0066-4804 KW - man KW - rabbits KW - Microbiology Abstracts B: Bacteriology KW - J 02855:Human Bacteriology: Others UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/18696198?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologyb&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Antimicrobial+Agents+%26+Chemotherapy&rft.atitle=Vancomycin+Treatment+Failure+Associated+with+Heterogeneous+Vancomycin-+Intermediate+Staphylococcus+aureus+in+a+Patient+with+Endocarditis+and+in+the+Rabbit+Model+of+Endocarditis&rft.au=Moore%2C+M+R%3BPerdreau-Remington%2C+F%3BChambers%2C+H+F&rft.aulast=Moore&rft.aufirst=M&rft.date=2003-04-01&rft.volume=47&rft.issue=4&rft.spage=1262&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Antimicrobial+Agents+%26+Chemotherapy&rft.issn=00664804&rft_id=info:doi/10.1128%2FAAC.47.4.1262-1266.2003 LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/AAC.47.4.1262-1266.2003 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Antimicrobial Drug Prescription in Ambulatory Care Settings, United States, 1992-2000 AN - 17550183; 6458702 AB - During the 1990s, as antimicrobial resistance increased among pneumococci, many organizations promoted appropriate antimicrobial use to combat resistance. We analyzed data from the National Ambulatory Medical Care Survey, an annual sample survey of visits to office-based physicians, and the National Hospital Ambulatory Medical Care Survey, an annual sample survey of visits to hospital emergency and outpatient departments, to describe trends in antimicrobial prescribing from 1992 to 2000 in the United States. Approximately 1,100-1,900 physicians reported data from 21,000-37,000 visits; 200-300 outpatient departments reported data for 28,000-35,000 visits; similar to 400 emergency departments reported data for 21,000-36,000 visits each year. In that period, the population- and visit-based antimicrobial prescribing rates in ambulatory care settings decreased by 23% and 25%, respectively, driven largely by a decrease in prescribing by office-based physicians. Antimicrobial prescribing rates changed as follows: amoxicillin and ampicillin, -43%; cephalosporins, -28%; erythromycin, -76%; azithromycin and clarithromycin, +388%; quinolones, +78%; and amoxicillin/clavulanate, +69%. This increasing use of azithromycin, clarithromycin, and quinolones warrants concern as macrolide- and fluoroquinolone-resistant pneumococci are increasing. JF - Emerging Infectious Diseases AU - McCaig, L F AU - Besser, R E AU - Hughes, J M AD - National Center for Health Statistics, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), Hyattsville, MD, USA Y1 - 2003/04// PY - 2003 DA - Apr 2003 VL - 9 IS - 4 SN - 1080-6040, 1080-6040 KW - Microbiology Abstracts B: Bacteriology KW - Cephalosporins KW - Amoxicillin KW - Data processing KW - Fluoroquinolones KW - Quinolones KW - Ampicillin KW - Erythromycin KW - Macrolide antibiotics KW - Clarithromycin KW - Streptococcus pneumoniae KW - Azithromycin KW - Antimicrobial resistance KW - Hospitals KW - J 02783:Antibiotics: General UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/17550183?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologyb&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Emerging+Infectious+Diseases&rft.atitle=Antimicrobial+Drug+Prescription+in+Ambulatory+Care+Settings%2C+United+States%2C+1992-2000&rft.au=McCaig%2C+L+F%3BBesser%2C+R+E%3BHughes%2C+J+M&rft.aulast=McCaig&rft.aufirst=L&rft.date=2003-04-01&rft.volume=9&rft.issue=4&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Emerging+Infectious+Diseases&rft.issn=10806040&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Last updated - 2015-03-24 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Cephalosporins; Clarithromycin; Amoxicillin; Data processing; Fluoroquinolones; Azithromycin; Quinolones; Ampicillin; Antimicrobial resistance; Macrolide antibiotics; Erythromycin; Hospitals; Streptococcus pneumoniae ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Key clinical activities for quality asthma care. Recommendations of the National Asthma Education and Prevention Program. AN - 73184899; 12696781 AB - In 1997, the National Asthma Education and Prevention Program (NAEPP), coordinated by the National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, published the second Expert Panel Report (EPR-2): Guidelines for the Diagnosis and Management of Asthma (National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, National Asthma Education and Prevention Program. Expert Panel Report 2: Guidelines for the diagnosis and management of asthma. Bethesda MD: US Department of Health and Human Services, National Institutes of Health, 1997; publication no. 97-4051. Available at http://www.nhlbi.nih.gov/guidelines/ asthma/asthgdln.pdf). Subsequently, the NAEPP Expert Panel identified key questions regarding asthma management that were submitted to an evidence practice center of the Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality to conduct a systematic review of the evidence. The resulting evidence report was used by the Expert Panel to update recommendations for clinical practice on selected topics. These recommendations (EPR-Update 2002) were published in 2002. (National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, National Asthma Education and Prevention Program. Guidelines for the diagnosis and management of asthma--update on selected topics 2002. J Allergy Clin Immunol 2002;110[November 2002, part 2]. Available at http://www.nhlbi.nih.gov/guidelines/asthma/index.htm). To improve the implementation of these guidelines, a working group of the Professional Education Subcommittee of the NAEPP extracted key clinical activities that should be considered as essential for quality asthma care in accordance with the EPR-2 guidelines and the EPR-Update 2002. The purpose was to develop a report that would help purchasers and planners of health care define the activities that are important to quality asthma care, particularly in reducing symptoms and preventing exacerbations, and subsequently reducing the overall national burden of illness and death from asthma. This report is intended to help employer health benefits managers and other health-care planners make decisions regarding delivery of health care for persons with asthma. Although this report is based on information directed to clinicians; it is not intended to substitute for recommended clinical practices for caring for persons with asthma, nor is it intended to replace the clinical decision-making required to meet individual patient needs. Readers are referred to the EPR-2 for the full asthma guidelines regarding diagnosis and management of asthma or to the abstracted Practical Guide (National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, National Asthma Education and Prevention Program. Practical guide for the diagnosis and management of asthma. Bethesda MD: US Department of Health and Human Services, National Institutes of Health, 1997; publication no. 97-4053. Available at http://www.nhlbi.nih.gov/health/prof/lung/asthma/practgde.htm) and to the EPR-Update 2002. The 1997 EPR-2 guidelines and EPR-Update 2002 were derived from a consensus of leading asthma researchers from academic, clinical, federal and voluntary institutions and based on scientific evidence supported by the literature. The 10 key activities highlighted here correspond to the four recommended-as-essential components of asthma management: assessment and monitoring, control of factors contributing to asthma severity, pharmacotherapy and education for a partnership in care. The key clinical activities are not intended for acute or hospital management of patients with asthma but rather for the preventive aspects of managing asthma long term. This report was developed as a collaborative activity between CDC and the NAEPP. JF - MMWR. Recommendations and reports : Morbidity and mortality weekly report. Recommendations and reports AU - Williams, Seymour G AU - Schmidt, Diana K AU - Redd, Stephen C AU - Storms, William AU - National Asthma Education and Prevention Program AD - Division of Environmental Hazards and Health Effects, National Center for Environmental Health, CDC, Atlanta, Georgia, USA. ; National Asthma Education and Prevention Program Y1 - 2003/03/28/ PY - 2003 DA - 2003 Mar 28 SP - 1 EP - 8 VL - 52 SN - 1057-5987, 1057-5987 KW - Adrenergic beta-Agonists KW - 0 KW - Allergens KW - Anti-Asthmatic Agents KW - Tobacco Smoke Pollution KW - Index Medicus KW - Severity of Illness Index KW - Patient Education as Topic KW - Self Care KW - Humans KW - Referral and Consultation KW - Practice Guidelines as Topic KW - Anti-Asthmatic Agents -- therapeutic use KW - Adrenergic beta-Agonists -- therapeutic use KW - Comorbidity KW - Continuity of Patient Care KW - Asthma -- etiology KW - Asthma -- prevention & control KW - Asthma -- therapy KW - Asthma -- diagnosis UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/73184899?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=MMWR.+Recommendations+and+reports+%3A+Morbidity+and+mortality+weekly+report.+Recommendations+and+reports&rft.atitle=Key+clinical+activities+for+quality+asthma+care.+Recommendations+of+the+National+Asthma+Education+and+Prevention+Program.&rft.au=Williams%2C+Seymour+G%3BSchmidt%2C+Diana+K%3BRedd%2C+Stephen+C%3BStorms%2C+William%3BNational+Asthma+Education+and+Prevention+Program&rft.aulast=Williams&rft.aufirst=Seymour&rft.date=2003-03-28&rft.volume=52&rft.issue=21&rft.spage=496&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=MMWR.+Morbidity+and+mortality+weekly+report&rft.issn=01492195&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 2003-04-17 N1 - Date created - 2003-04-16 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - An Outbreak of Conjunctivitis Due to Atypical Streptococcus pneumoniae AN - 18868408; 5716275 AB - In February 2002, clinicians at the Dartmouth College Health Service recognized an outbreak of conjunctivitis; cultures of conjunctival swabs implicated Streptococcus pneumoniae. An investigation was begun to determine the extent of the outbreak, confirm the cause, identify modes of transmission, and implement control measures. Investigators reviewed the health service's data base for diagnoses of conjunctivitis. Viral and bacterial cultures were obtained from ill students. Bile-soluble isolates that were susceptible to ethylhydrocupreine (optochin) and therefore were presumed to be pneumococci underwent serotyping, capsular staining, pulsed-field gel electrophoresis, a DNA probe, and multilocus sequence typing. A cohort study of risk factors was conducted with the use of the Internet. Control measures included distribution of alcohol-based hand gel and messages about prevention. Among 5060 students, 698 (13.8 percent) received a diagnosis of conjunctivitis from January 1, 2002, through April 12, 2002, including 22 percent of first-year students. Presumed pneumococci were isolated from 43.3 percent of conjunctival swabs (110 of 254); viral cultures performed on 85 specimens were negative. DNA probes and multilocus sequence typing confirmed that the organisms were pneumococci, although the bacteria did not have the characteristic capsule. On pulsed-field gel electrophoresis, strains were found to be identical to pneumococci that caused outbreaks of conjunctivitis in other parts of the country in 1980. Analysis of survey data from 1832 students indicated that close contact with a student with conjunctivitis, wearing contact lenses, membership on a sports team, and attending parties at or living in a fraternity or sorority house were associated with conjunctivitis. The rate of diagnosis of conjunctivitis declined after the implementation of control measures and after spring break. This large outbreak of conjunctivitis on a college campus was caused by an atypical, unencapsulated strain of S. pneumoniae that was identical to strains that had caused outbreaks two decades earlier. JF - New England Journal of Medicine AU - Martin, M AU - Turco, J H AU - Zegans, ME AU - Facklam, R R AU - Sodha, S AU - Elliott, JA AU - Pryor, J H AU - Beall, B AU - Erdman, D D AU - Baumgartner, Y Y AU - Sanchez, P A AU - Schwartzman, J D AU - Montero, J AU - Schuchat, A AU - Whitney, C G AD - Division of Bacterial and Mycotic Diseases, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, 1600 Clifton Rd. N.E., MS C23, Atlanta, GA 30333, USA, cwhitney@cdc.gov Y1 - 2003/03/20/ PY - 2003 DA - 2003 Mar 20 SP - 1112 EP - 1121 VL - 348 IS - 12 SN - 0028-4793, 0028-4793 KW - man KW - Microbiology Abstracts B: Bacteriology KW - J 02855:Human Bacteriology: Others UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/18868408?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologyb&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=New+England+Journal+of+Medicine&rft.atitle=An+Outbreak+of+Conjunctivitis+Due+to+Atypical+Streptococcus+pneumoniae&rft.au=Martin%2C+M%3BTurco%2C+J+H%3BZegans%2C+ME%3BFacklam%2C+R+R%3BSodha%2C+S%3BElliott%2C+JA%3BPryor%2C+J+H%3BBeall%2C+B%3BErdman%2C+D+D%3BBaumgartner%2C+Y+Y%3BSanchez%2C+P+A%3BSchwartzman%2C+J+D%3BMontero%2C+J%3BSchuchat%2C+A%3BWhitney%2C+C+G&rft.aulast=Martin&rft.aufirst=M&rft.date=2003-03-20&rft.volume=348&rft.issue=12&rft.spage=1112&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=New+England+Journal+of+Medicine&rft.issn=00284793&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Acute public health consequences associated with hazardous substances released during transit, 1993-2000. AN - 73083397; 12628784 AB - Massive quantities of hazardous substances are transported each day throughout the United States. While most arrive safely at their destination, uncontrolled releases of substances in transit do occur and have the potential of causing acute public health consequences for those individuals at or near the release. Data from 16 state health departments participating in the Agency for Toxic Substances and Disease Registry's (ATSDR) Hazardous Substances Emergency Events Surveillance (HSEES) system were analyzed to determine the public health consequences that occurred from actual releases in transit. Of the 9392 transportation events analyzed, 9.1% resulted in 2008 victims, including 115 deaths. The population groups injured most often were employees and the general public. The most common injury sustained was respiratory irritation. Evacuations were ordered in 5.5% of events effecting at least 63,686 people. Human error and equipment failure were the most common factors leading to events. These findings underscore the importance of job safety training, community planning, and effective emergency response to prevent adverse public health consequences from occurring or lessen their effect on the public. JF - Journal of hazardous materials AU - Horton, D Kevin AU - Berkowitz, Zahava AU - Haugh, Gilbert S AU - Orr, Maureen F AU - Kaye, Wendy E AD - Agency for Toxic Substances and Disease Registry, Division of Health Studies/Epidemiology and Surveillance Branch, 1600 Clifton Road NE, Mailstop E-31, Atlanta, GA 30333, USA. dhorton@cdc.gov Y1 - 2003/03/17/ PY - 2003 DA - 2003 Mar 17 SP - 161 EP - 175 VL - 98 IS - 1-3 SN - 0304-3894, 0304-3894 KW - Hazardous Substances KW - 0 KW - Index Medicus KW - United States KW - Public Health KW - Disasters KW - Equipment Failure KW - Protective Devices KW - Transportation UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/73083397?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+hazardous+materials&rft.atitle=Acute+public+health+consequences+associated+with+hazardous+substances+released+during+transit%2C+1993-2000.&rft.au=Horton%2C+D+Kevin%3BBerkowitz%2C+Zahava%3BHaugh%2C+Gilbert+S%3BOrr%2C+Maureen+F%3BKaye%2C+Wendy+E&rft.aulast=Horton&rft.aufirst=D&rft.date=2003-03-17&rft.volume=98&rft.issue=1-3&rft.spage=161&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+hazardous+materials&rft.issn=03043894&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 2003-07-01 N1 - Date created - 2003-03-11 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Smallpox vaccine adverse events among civilians--United States, March 4-10, 2003. AN - 73124489; 12653459 AB - During the civilian smallpox vaccination program, CDC, the Food and Drug Administration, and state health departments are conducting surveillance for vaccine-associated adverse events. In the first stage of the program, active surveillance is being conducted for potentially life-threatening, moderate-to-severe, and other serious adverse events and for vaccinia transmission to contacts of vaccinees (Table). Nonserious events are reported through passive surveillance and are expected to be underreported. This report summarizes smallpox vaccine adverse events reported among civilians vaccinated as of March 7, 2003, and among contacts of vaccinees, received by CDC from the Vaccine Adverse Event Reporting System (VAERS) as of March 10. JF - MMWR. Morbidity and mortality weekly report AU - Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) AD - Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) Y1 - 2003/03/14/ PY - 2003 DA - 2003 Mar 14 SP - 201 EP - 203 VL - 52 IS - 10 SN - 0149-2195, 0149-2195 KW - Smallpox Vaccine KW - 0 KW - Index Medicus KW - United States KW - Military Personnel KW - Humans KW - Adult KW - Health Personnel KW - Middle Aged KW - Vaccination -- adverse effects KW - Male KW - Female KW - Adverse Drug Reaction Reporting Systems KW - Smallpox Vaccine -- adverse effects KW - Population Surveillance UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/73124489?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=AIDS+research+and+human+retroviruses&rft.atitle=Evaluation+of+a+sensitive%2Fless+sensitive+testing+algorithm+using+the+bioM%C3%A9rieux+Vironostika-LS+assay+for+detecting+recent+HIV-1+subtype+B%27+or+E+infection+in+Thailand.&rft.au=Young%2C+Carrie+L%3BHu%2C+Dale+J%3BByers%2C+Robert%3BVanichseni%2C+Suphak%3BYoung%2C+Nancy+L%3BNelson%2C+Robert%3BMock%2C+Philip+A%3BChoopanya%2C+Kachit%3BJanssen%2C+Robert%3BMastro%2C+Timothy+D%3BMei%2C+Joanne+V&rft.aulast=Young&rft.aufirst=Carrie&rft.date=2003-06-01&rft.volume=19&rft.issue=6&rft.spage=481&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=AIDS+research+and+human+retroviruses&rft.issn=08892229&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 2003-04-04 N1 - Date created - 2003-03-25 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Poisoning by an illegally imported Chinese rodenticide containing tetramethylenedisulfotetramine--New York City, 2002. AN - 73115334; 12653458 AB - Illegally imported foreign products can result in domestic exposures to unusual toxic chemicals, and health-care providers might not be able to provide appropriate therapy because the chemical ingredients might not be listed or recognized even after translation of the product label. This report describes the first known case in the United States of exposure to a Chinese rodenticide containing the toxin tetramethylenedisulfotetramine (TETS), a convulsant poison. The report of this investigation highlights the need to prevent such poisonings through increased public education, awareness, and enforcement of laws banning the importation of illegal toxic chemicals. JF - MMWR. Morbidity and mortality weekly report AU - Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) AD - Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) Y1 - 2003/03/14/ PY - 2003 DA - 2003 Mar 14 SP - 199 EP - 201 VL - 52 IS - 10 SN - 0149-2195, 0149-2195 KW - Bridged-Ring Compounds KW - 0 KW - Rodenticides KW - tetramethylenedisulfotetramine KW - F6TS3WME05 KW - Index Medicus KW - Infant KW - New York City -- epidemiology KW - Humans KW - Commerce KW - Female KW - China KW - Neurotoxicity Syndromes -- diagnosis KW - Bridged-Ring Compounds -- poisoning KW - Neurotoxicity Syndromes -- etiology KW - Rodenticides -- poisoning KW - Neurotoxicity Syndromes -- epidemiology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/73115334?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=MMWR.+Morbidity+and+mortality+weekly+report&rft.atitle=Poisoning+by+an+illegally+imported+Chinese+rodenticide+containing+tetramethylenedisulfotetramine--New+York+City%2C+2002.&rft.au=Centers+for+Disease+Control+and+Prevention+%28CDC%29&rft.aulast=Centers+for+Disease+Control+and+Prevention+%28CDC%29&rft.aufirst=&rft.date=2003-03-14&rft.volume=52&rft.issue=10&rft.spage=199&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=MMWR.+Morbidity+and+mortality+weekly+report&rft.issn=01492195&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 2003-04-04 N1 - Date created - 2003-03-25 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Smallpox vaccine adverse events among civilians--United States, February 25-March 3, 2003. AN - 73115374; 12650631 AB - During the civilian smallpox vaccination program, CDC, the Food and Drug Administration, and state health departments are conducting surveillance for vaccine-associated adverse events. In the first stage of the program, active surveillance is being conducted for potentially life-threatening, moderate-to-severe, and other serious adverse events and for vaccinia transmission to contacts of vaccinees (Table). Nonserious events are reported through passive surveillance and are expected to be underreported. This report summarizes smallpox vaccine adverse events reported among civilians vaccinated as of February 28, 2003, and among contacts of vaccinees, received by CDC from the Vaccine Adverse Event Reporting System (VAERS) as of March 3. JF - MMWR. Morbidity and mortality weekly report AU - Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) AD - Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) Y1 - 2003/03/07/ PY - 2003 DA - 2003 Mar 07 SP - 180 EP - 1, 191 VL - 52 IS - 9 SN - 0149-2195, 0149-2195 KW - Smallpox Vaccine KW - 0 KW - Index Medicus KW - Public Health KW - Military Personnel KW - Humans KW - Adult KW - Health Personnel KW - Eye Infections -- etiology KW - Vaccination -- adverse effects KW - Adolescent KW - United States -- epidemiology KW - Female KW - Population Surveillance KW - Vaccinia -- epidemiology KW - Adverse Drug Reaction Reporting Systems KW - Smallpox Vaccine -- adverse effects KW - Vaccinia -- etiology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/73115374?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=MMWR.+Morbidity+and+mortality+weekly+report&rft.atitle=Smallpox+vaccine+adverse+events+among+civilians--United+States%2C+February+25-March+3%2C+2003.&rft.au=Centers+for+Disease+Control+and+Prevention+%28CDC%29&rft.aulast=Centers+for+Disease+Control+and+Prevention+%28CDC%29&rft.aufirst=&rft.date=2003-03-07&rft.volume=52&rft.issue=9&rft.spage=180&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=MMWR.+Morbidity+and+mortality+weekly+report&rft.issn=01492195&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 2003-03-27 N1 - Date created - 2003-03-24 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Guidelines for case classification for the National Birth Defects Prevention Study. AN - 73369159; 12797461 AB - Previous studies have suggested that etiologic heterogeneity may complicate epidemiologic analyses designed to identify risk factors for birth defects. Case classification uses knowledge of embryologic and pathogenetic mechanisms to make case groups more homogeneous and is important to the success of birth defects studies. The goal of the National Birth Defects Prevention Study (NBDPS), an ongoing multi-site case-control study, is to identify environmental and genetic risk factors for birth defects. Information on environmental risk factors is collected through an hour-long maternal interview, and DNA is collected from the infant and both parents for evaluation of genetic risk factors. Clinical data on infants are reviewed by clinical geneticists to ensure they meet the detailed case definitions developed specifically for the study. To standardize the methods of case classification for the study, an algorithm has been developed to guide NBDPS clinical geneticists in this process. Methods for case classification into isolated, multiple, and syndrome categories are described. Defects considered minor for the purposes of case classification are defined. Differences in the approach to case classification for studies of specific defects and of specific exposures are noted. The case classification schema developed for the NBDPS may be of value to other clinicians working on epidemiologic studies of birth defects etiology. Consideration of these guidelines will lead to more comparable case groups, an important element of careful studies aimed at identifying risk factors for birth defects. JF - Birth defects research. Part A, Clinical and molecular teratology AU - Rasmussen, Sonja A AU - Olney, Richard S AU - Holmes, Lewis B AU - Lin, Angela E AU - Keppler-Noreuil, Kim M AU - Moore, Cynthia A AU - National Birth Defects Prevention Study AD - National Center on Birth Defects and Developmental Disabilities, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia 30341, USA. skr9@cdc.gov ; National Birth Defects Prevention Study Y1 - 2003/03// PY - 2003 DA - March 2003 SP - 193 EP - 201 VL - 67 IS - 3 SN - 1542-0752, 1542-0752 KW - DNA KW - 9007-49-2 KW - Index Medicus KW - Humans KW - Algorithms KW - DNA -- analysis KW - Infant, Newborn KW - Maternal Exposure KW - Pregnancy KW - Infant KW - Risk Factors KW - Adult KW - Genetic Predisposition to Disease KW - United States -- epidemiology KW - Female KW - Male KW - Registries KW - Congenital Abnormalities -- prevention & control KW - Congenital Abnormalities -- classification KW - Congenital Abnormalities -- etiology KW - Population Surveillance -- methods UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/73369159?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Birth+defects+research.+Part+A%2C+Clinical+and+molecular+teratology&rft.atitle=Guidelines+for+case+classification+for+the+National+Birth+Defects+Prevention+Study.&rft.au=Rasmussen%2C+Sonja+A%3BOlney%2C+Richard+S%3BHolmes%2C+Lewis+B%3BLin%2C+Angela+E%3BKeppler-Noreuil%2C+Kim+M%3BMoore%2C+Cynthia+A%3BNational+Birth+Defects+Prevention+Study&rft.aulast=Rasmussen&rft.aufirst=Sonja&rft.date=2003-03-01&rft.volume=67&rft.issue=3&rft.spage=193&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Birth+defects+research.+Part+A%2C+Clinical+and+molecular+teratology&rft.issn=15420752&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 2003-10-27 N1 - Date created - 2003-06-11 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Preparation and examination of proposed consensus reference standards for fiber-counting. AN - 73193560; 12688854 AB - This study provided standard reference materials for fiber-counting by phase-contrast microscopy (PCM). PCM is subject to many sources of variation, including those dependent on the microscopist, so reference standards cannot be produced that are traceable to national or international standard units. Consensus standards using a "true value" agreed on by a number of laboratories may be acceptable. Reference slides for fiber-counting can be prepared using a proprietary process of grid overlay in which the fields of view defined by the grids are identifiable and relocatable. Multiple microscopists then can examine exactly the same areas of samples, reducing one source of potential variation. Twelve slides prepared from proficiency test samples of the American Industrial Hygiene Association (AIHA) Industrial Hygiene Laboratory Quality Program were used in this study, four each of chrysotile asbestos, amosite asbestos, and man-made mineral fibers. Five microscopists from AIHA-accredited laboratories, plus the inventor of the grid process, examined the slides in a blind study. This group represented commercial analytical companies, in-house corporate laboratories, research institutions, and universities. The six microscopists met to obtain consensus agreement on the fibers in each designated field classified as countable under National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health Method 7400. Slides and documentation were forwarded to AIHA for training or other purposes. Examination of the results by statistical methods showed that some microscopists' results were significantly different from others, even though all analysts would have been considered proficient with respect to the final consensus values. Although the reasons for the outliers are complex, this procedure may have value in selecting reference laboratories in proficiency test schemes, possibly leading to more defensible "true" values and tighter limits of variation. JF - AIHA journal : a journal for the science of occupational and environmental health and safety AU - Harper, Martin AU - Bartolucci, Al AD - Department of Environmental Health Sciences, School of Public Health, University of Alabama at Birmingham, RPHB 317, 1530 3rd Ave. S., Birmingham, AL 35294-0022, USA. mharper@cdc.gov PY - 2003 SP - 283 EP - 287 VL - 64 IS - 2 SN - 1542-8117, 1542-8117 KW - Mineral Fibers KW - 0 KW - Asbestos KW - 1332-21-4 KW - Index Medicus KW - United States KW - Reference Values KW - Reproducibility of Results KW - Humans KW - Observer Variation KW - Quality Control KW - National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (U.S.) KW - Asbestos -- analysis KW - Air Pollution, Indoor -- analysis KW - Mineral Fibers -- analysis KW - Occupational Health -- statistics & numerical data KW - Guidelines as Topic UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/73193560?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Annals+of+the+New+York+Academy+of+Sciences&rft.atitle=Investigation+of+a+Focus+of+Q+Fever+in+a+Nonfarming+Population+in+the+Federation+of+Bosnia+and+Herzegovina&rft.au=McQUISTON%2C+J+H%3BGibbons%2C+R+V%3BVelic%2C+R%3BNicholson%2C+W+L%3BCastrodale%2C+L%3BWainright%2C+Sh%3BVANNIEWENHOVEN%2C+T+J%3BMorgan%2C+E+W%3BARAPOVIC%2C+L%3BDELILIC%2C+A%3BO%27Reilly%2C+M%3BBajrovic%2C+T&rft.aulast=McQUISTON&rft.aufirst=J&rft.date=2003-06-01&rft.volume=990&rft.issue=1&rft.spage=229&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Annals+of+the+New+York+Academy+of+Sciences&rft.issn=00778923&rft_id=info:doi/10.1111%2Fj.1749-6632.2003.tb07368.x LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 2003-07-15 N1 - Date created - 2003-04-11 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - CDC updates guidelines for prevention of perinatal group B streptococcal disease. AN - 73116015; 12643369 JF - American family physician AU - Morantz, Carrie A AU - CDC AD - CDC Y1 - 2003/03/01/ PY - 2003 DA - 2003 Mar 01 SP - 1121 EP - 6, 1129-30 VL - 67 IS - 5 SN - 0002-838X, 0002-838X KW - Penicillins KW - 0 KW - Abridged Index Medicus KW - Index Medicus KW - Mass Screening KW - Humans KW - Gestational Age KW - Infant, Newborn KW - Algorithms KW - Infant Mortality KW - Penicillins -- therapeutic use KW - Penicillins -- adverse effects KW - Female KW - Antibiotic Prophylaxis -- adverse effects KW - Pregnancy KW - Pregnancy Complications, Infectious -- prevention & control KW - Pregnancy Complications, Infectious -- diagnosis KW - Streptococcal Infections -- diagnosis KW - Streptococcal Infections -- prevention & control KW - Streptococcus agalactiae -- isolation & purification KW - Pregnancy Complications, Infectious -- drug therapy UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/73116015?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=American+family+physician&rft.atitle=CDC+updates+guidelines+for+prevention+of+perinatal+group+B+streptococcal+disease.&rft.au=Morantz%2C+Carrie+A%3BCDC&rft.aulast=Morantz&rft.aufirst=Carrie&rft.date=2003-03-01&rft.volume=67&rft.issue=5&rft.spage=1121&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=American+family+physician&rft.issn=0002838X&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 2003-06-18 N1 - Date created - 2003-03-19 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - HLA-DPB1 and chronic beryllium disease: a HuGE review. AN - 73076938; 12615603 AB - The human leukocyte antigen (HLA) complex is a series of genes located on chromosome 6 that are important in normal immune function. Susceptibility to chronic beryllium disease, a granulomatous lung disease that appears in workers exposed to beryllium, is modified by genetic variants of the HLA-DP subregion. Evaluation of HLA-DPB1 sequence motifs in current and former beryllium workers implicated a glutamic acid residue at position 69 (HLA-DPB1(Glu69)) in chronic beryllium disease. This finding has since been extended to specific HLA-DPB1(Glu69) alleles. Specific job tasks have also been implicated in degree of risk, and in this paper the authors explore gene-environment interaction. The utility of this genetic information for prospective, current, and former beryllium workers must be weighed against the potential for employment and insurance discrimination. Continued research in the beryllium-exposed population will be important for improving personal risk assessment and identifying high-risk genes associated with disease progression. JF - American journal of epidemiology AU - McCanlies, Erin C AU - Kreiss, Kathleen AU - Andrew, Michael AU - Weston, Ainsley AD - Biostatistics and Epidemiology Branch, Health Effects Laboratory Division, National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Morgantown, WV 26505, USA. eim4@cdc.gov Y1 - 2003/03/01/ PY - 2003 DA - 2003 Mar 01 SP - 388 EP - 398 VL - 157 IS - 5 SN - 0002-9262, 0002-9262 KW - HLA-DP Antigens KW - 0 KW - HLA-DP beta-Chains KW - HLA-DPB1 antigen KW - Index Medicus KW - Genetic Variation KW - Genetic Testing KW - Humans KW - Chronic Disease KW - Genetic Predisposition to Disease KW - Chromosomes, Human, Pair 6 KW - Occupational Diseases -- genetics KW - Berylliosis -- epidemiology KW - HLA-DP Antigens -- genetics KW - Berylliosis -- genetics UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/73076938?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=American+journal+of+epidemiology&rft.atitle=HLA-DPB1+and+chronic+beryllium+disease%3A+a+HuGE+review.&rft.au=McCanlies%2C+Erin+C%3BKreiss%2C+Kathleen%3BAndrew%2C+Michael%3BWeston%2C+Ainsley&rft.aulast=McCanlies&rft.aufirst=Erin&rft.date=2003-03-01&rft.volume=157&rft.issue=5&rft.spage=388&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=American+journal+of+epidemiology&rft.issn=00029262&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 2003-03-27 N1 - Date created - 2003-03-04 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Childhood abuse, neglect, and household dysfunction and the risk of illicit drug use: the adverse childhood experiences study. AN - 73054710; 12612237 AB - Illicit drug use is identified in Healthy People 2010 as a leading health indicator because it is associated with multiple deleterious health outcomes, such as sexually transmitted diseases, human immunodeficiency virus, viral hepatitis, and numerous social problems among adolescents and adults. Improved understanding of the influence of stressful or traumatic childhood experiences on initiation and development of drug abuse is needed. We examined the relationship between illicit drug use and 10 categories of adverse childhood experiences (ACEs) and total number of ACEs (ACE score). A retrospective cohort study of 8613 adults who attended a primary care clinic in California completed a survey about childhood abuse, neglect, and household dysfunction; illicit drug use; and other health-related issues. The main outcomes measured were self-reported use of illicit drugs, including initiation during 3 age categories: or=19 years); lifetime use for each of 4 birth cohorts dating back to 1900; drug use problems; drug addiction; and parenteral drug use. Each ACE increased the likelihood for early initiation 2- to 4-fold. The ACE score had a strong graded relationship to initiation of drug use in all 3 age categories as well as to drug use problems, drug addiction, and parenteral drug use. Compared with people with 0 ACEs, people with >or=5 ACEs were 7- to 10-fold more likely to report illicit drug use problems, addiction to illicit drugs, and parenteral drug use. The attributable risk fractions as a result of ACEs for each of these illicit drug use problems were 56%, 64%, and 67%, respectively. For each of the 4 birth cohorts examined, the ACE score also had a strong graded relationship to lifetime drug use. The ACE score had a strong graded relationship to the risk of drug initiation from early adolescence into adulthood and to problems with drug use, drug addiction, and parenteral use. The persistent graded relationship between the ACE score and initiation of drug use for 4 successive birth cohorts dating back to 1900 suggests that the effects of adverse childhood experiences transcend secular changes such as increased availability of drugs, social attitudes toward drugs, and recent massive expenditures and public information campaigns to prevent drug use. Because ACEs seem to account for one half to two third of serious problems with drug use, progress in meeting the national goals for reducing drug use will necessitate serious attention to these types of common, stressful, and disturbing childhood experiences by pediatric practice. JF - Pediatrics AU - Dube, Shanta R AU - Felitti, Vincent J AU - Dong, Maxia AU - Chapman, Daniel P AU - Giles, Wayne H AU - Anda, Robert F AD - National Center for Chronic Disease Prevention and Health Promotion, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Division of Adult and Community Health, Atlanta, Georgia 30341-3717, USA. skd7@cdc.gov Y1 - 2003/03// PY - 2003 DA - March 2003 SP - 564 EP - 572 VL - 111 IS - 3 KW - Abridged Index Medicus KW - Index Medicus KW - Age Factors KW - Humans KW - Child of Impaired Parents -- psychology KW - Retrospective Studies KW - Child KW - Life Change Events KW - Risk Factors KW - Adult KW - Cohort Studies KW - Health Surveys KW - Child of Impaired Parents -- statistics & numerical data KW - Adolescent KW - California -- epidemiology KW - Substance-Related Disorders -- diagnosis KW - Child Abuse -- psychology KW - Child Abuse -- statistics & numerical data KW - Family Health KW - Substance-Related Disorders -- epidemiology KW - Parents -- psychology KW - Child Abuse -- diagnosis UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/73054710?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Pediatrics&rft.atitle=Childhood+abuse%2C+neglect%2C+and+household+dysfunction+and+the+risk+of+illicit+drug+use%3A+the+adverse+childhood+experiences+study.&rft.au=Dube%2C+Shanta+R%3BFelitti%2C+Vincent+J%3BDong%2C+Maxia%3BChapman%2C+Daniel+P%3BGiles%2C+Wayne+H%3BAnda%2C+Robert+F&rft.aulast=Dube&rft.aufirst=Shanta&rft.date=2003-03-01&rft.volume=111&rft.issue=3&rft.spage=564&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Pediatrics&rft.issn=1098-4275&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 2003-06-02 N1 - Date created - 2003-03-03 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Toxigenic Vibrio cholerae serogroup O141-associated cholera-like diarrhea and bloodstream infection in the United States. AN - 73043018; 12599062 AB - Toxigenic Vibrio cholerae serogroup O141 has been associated with sporadic cholera-like diarrhea and bloodstream infection in the United States. Consumption of seafood and proximity to the coast may increase the risk of infection. All V. cholerae isolates recovered from stool samples of patients with diarrhea or from a normally sterile site should be serogrouped and assessed for cholera toxin production. Improved surveillance and case-control studies are needed to further characterize illness and risk factors for V. cholerae O141 infection. JF - The Journal of infectious diseases AU - Crump, John A AU - Bopp, Cheryl A AU - Greene, Katherine D AU - Kubota, Kristy A AU - Middendorf, Rebecca L AU - Wells, Joy G AU - Mintz, Eric D AD - Foodborne and Diarrheal Diseases Branch, Division of Bacterial and Mycotic Diseases, National Center for Infectious Diseases, MS A-38, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, 1600 Clifton Road, Atlanta, GA 30333, USA. jcrump@cdc.gov Y1 - 2003/03/01/ PY - 2003 DA - 2003 Mar 01 SP - 866 EP - 868 VL - 187 IS - 5 SN - 0022-1899, 0022-1899 KW - Cholera Toxin KW - 9012-63-9 KW - Abridged Index Medicus KW - Index Medicus KW - Aged, 80 and over KW - Humans KW - Adult KW - Electrophoresis, Gel, Pulsed-Field KW - Serotyping KW - Aged KW - Middle Aged KW - United States -- epidemiology KW - Male KW - Female KW - Vibrio cholerae -- genetics KW - Bacteremia -- microbiology KW - Bacteremia -- epidemiology KW - Cholera -- microbiology KW - Cholera -- epidemiology KW - Diarrhea -- epidemiology KW - Diarrhea -- microbiology KW - Vibrio cholerae -- classification KW - Cholera Toxin -- metabolism UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/73043018?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Journal+of+infectious+diseases&rft.atitle=Toxigenic+Vibrio+cholerae+serogroup+O141-associated+cholera-like+diarrhea+and+bloodstream+infection+in+the+United+States.&rft.au=Crump%2C+John+A%3BBopp%2C+Cheryl+A%3BGreene%2C+Katherine+D%3BKubota%2C+Kristy+A%3BMiddendorf%2C+Rebecca+L%3BWells%2C+Joy+G%3BMintz%2C+Eric+D&rft.aulast=Crump&rft.aufirst=John&rft.date=2003-03-01&rft.volume=187&rft.issue=5&rft.spage=866&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=The+Journal+of+infectious+diseases&rft.issn=00221899&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 2003-04-03 N1 - Date created - 2003-02-24 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Estimating aerosol surface area from number and mass concentration measurements. AN - 73030089; 12581997 AB - A number of toxicology studies have been published indicating that health effects associated with low-solubility inhaled particles may be more appropriately associated with particulate surface area than mass. While exposure data from the workplace is needed to further investigate the relevance of such an association, the means of measuring exposure to aerosol surface area are not readily available. A possible interim solution is to estimate surface area from measurements of particle number and mass concentration using readily available direct-reading instruments. By assuming a lognormal aerosol size distribution with a specific geometric standard deviation, number and mass concentration measurements may be used to estimate the surface area concentration associated with the distribution. Simulations have shown that surface area estimates made on unimodal lognormal aerosols will frequently lie within 100% of the actual value. Simulations using bimodal distributions indicate estimates of surface area vary from the actual value by less than an order of magnitude. Calculations based on experimental unimodal and bimodal data confirm these findings, with estimated surface area rarely being a factor of 4 greater than the actual value, and frequently being much closer than this. These findings indicate that estimating aerosol surface area exposure using readily available number and mass concentration direct-reading instruments may be suitable for providing initial data on the magnitude of surface area exposures with minimal additional effort. This would allow the accumulation of valuable exposure-response data prior to the development and implementation of more sophisticated instrumentation to more accurately estimate surface area exposure. JF - The Annals of occupational hygiene AU - Maynard, Andrew D AD - National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, 4676 Columbia Parkway, Cincinnati, OH 45226, USA. zel5@cdc.gov Y1 - 2003/03// PY - 2003 DA - March 2003 SP - 123 EP - 144 VL - 47 IS - 2 SN - 0003-4878, 0003-4878 KW - Aerosols KW - 0 KW - Air Pollutants, Occupational KW - Index Medicus KW - Particle Size KW - Humans KW - Surface Properties KW - Occupational Health KW - Air Pollutants, Occupational -- adverse effects KW - Algorithms UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/73030089?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Annals+of+occupational+hygiene&rft.atitle=Estimating+aerosol+surface+area+from+number+and+mass+concentration+measurements.&rft.au=Maynard%2C+Andrew+D&rft.aulast=Maynard&rft.aufirst=Andrew&rft.date=2003-03-01&rft.volume=47&rft.issue=2&rft.spage=123&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=The+Annals+of+occupational+hygiene&rft.issn=00034878&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 2003-05-20 N1 - Date created - 2003-02-12 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Sexual Health Risks among Young Thai Women: Implications for HIV/STD Prevention and Contraception AN - 61517189; 200305496 AB - This paper examines factors that may place female Thai adolescents & young adults at risk for HIV, sexually transmitted diseases (STDs), & unintended pregnancies. A total of 832 female vocational students participated in a cross-sectional audio-computer-assisted self-interview (ACASI) survey after providing informed consent. The questionnaire covered: sociodemographic characteristics; knowledge, attitudes, & beliefs related to HIV & STDs; contraceptive practices; sexual experiences & behaviors; & drug use. Oral fluid was tested for HIV antibodies & urine was tested for illicit drugs & for the presence of gonococcal or chlamydial nucleic acids. A total of 359 women (43.1%) reported sexual intercourse history, with an average age at first sex of 17.6 years, & a 2.6 mean number of lifetime sex partners. Twenty-one percent of the entire sample reported coerced sexual contact or intercourse. Among those with sexual intercourse experience, 27.3% (n = 98) had been pregnant & the majority of their most recent pregnancies were terminated. Three tested positive for HIV antibodies. Sexually active young Thai women report behaviors or experiences that may expose them to HIV/STD infection & unintended pregnancy in the future. These include unprotected intercourse, sexual coercion, low levels of contraceptive use, & drug & alcohol use. Culturally appropriate interventions that increase their awareness of & ability to respond to these sexual health risks are needed. 5 Tables, 50 References. Adapted from the source document. JF - AIDS and Behavior AU - Allen, Denise Roth AU - Carey, James W AU - Manopaiboon, Chomnad AU - Jenkins, Richard A AU - Uthaivoravit, Wat AU - Kilmarx, Peter H AU - Van Griensven, Frits AD - c/o Van Griensven -- Thailand MOPH-US CDC Collaboration, Ministry Public Health, Nonthaburi Y1 - 2003/03// PY - 2003 DA - March 2003 SP - 9 EP - 21 VL - 7 IS - 1 SN - 1090-7165, 1090-7165 KW - Substance Abuse KW - Birth Control KW - Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndrome KW - Thailand KW - Venereal Diseases KW - Intervention KW - Unwanted Pregnancy KW - Young Adults KW - Sociodemographic Characteristics KW - Condoms KW - Sexual Behavior KW - Risk Factors KW - Females KW - Adolescents KW - article KW - 6126: acquired immune deficiency syndrome (AIDS) UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/61517189?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Asocialservices&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=AIDS+and+Behavior&rft.atitle=Sexual+Health+Risks+among+Young+Thai+Women%3A+Implications+for+HIV%2FSTD+Prevention+and+Contraception&rft.au=Allen%2C+Denise+Roth%3BCarey%2C+James+W%3BManopaiboon%2C+Chomnad%3BJenkins%2C+Richard+A%3BUthaivoravit%2C+Wat%3BKilmarx%2C+Peter+H%3BVan+Griensven%2C+Frits&rft.aulast=Allen&rft.aufirst=Denise&rft.date=2003-03-01&rft.volume=7&rft.issue=1&rft.spage=9&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=AIDS+and+Behavior&rft.issn=10907165&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - Social Services Abstracts N1 - Date revised - 2007-05-01 N1 - Last updated - 2016-09-28 N1 - CODEN - AIBEFC N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Risk Factors; Thailand; Venereal Diseases; Unwanted Pregnancy; Sexual Behavior; Females; Sociodemographic Characteristics; Intervention; Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndrome; Birth Control; Condoms; Substance Abuse; Young Adults; Adolescents ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Dimensions of the Emerging Orphan Crisis in Sub-Saharan Africa AN - 60469750; 200315620 AB - This study uses recent Demographic & Health Survey (DHS) data to examine levels, trends, & differentials in orphan prevalence in sub-Saharan Africa. The first part of the analysis presents direct estimates of orphan prevalence in 17 countries during the period 1995-2000. We find a strong correlation between orphanhood prevalence & national adult HIV prevalence estimates lending support to the interpretation of the orphan crisis as, in large part, AIDS-related. The second part of the analysis consists of an in-depth study of trends & age-patterns in orphan prevalence & welfare in the 1990s for five countries that have had widely divergent HIV prevalence levels (Zimbabwe, Kenya, Tanzania, Ghana, & Niger). The vulnerability of orphans with respect to their situation in households & educational opportunities is evaluated in relation to non-orphans' experience. The results of the analysis indicate that losing one or both parents is significantly associated with diminished chances of being at the appropriate grade level for age. Our results are interpreted in the context of societal responses to the crisis, & potential recommendations for intervention. 6 Tables, 5 Figures, 13 References. Adapted from the source document. JF - Social Science and Medicine AU - Bicego, George AU - Rutstein, Shea AU - Johnson, Kiersten AD - Global AIDS Program, Centers Disease Control & Prevention, Atlanta, GA gbicego@cdc.gov Y1 - 2003/03// PY - 2003 DA - March 2003 SP - 1235 EP - 1247 VL - 56 IS - 6 SN - 0277-9536, 0277-9536 KW - Crisis Intervention KW - Social Response KW - Crises KW - Sub Saharan Africa KW - Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndrome KW - Educational Attainment KW - Vulnerability KW - Orphans KW - article KW - 1837: demography and human biology; demography (population studies) UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/60469750?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Asocabs&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Social+Science+and+Medicine&rft.atitle=Dimensions+of+the+Emerging+Orphan+Crisis+in+Sub-Saharan+Africa&rft.au=Bicego%2C+George%3BRutstein%2C+Shea%3BJohnson%2C+Kiersten&rft.aulast=Bicego&rft.aufirst=George&rft.date=2003-03-01&rft.volume=56&rft.issue=6&rft.spage=1235&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Social+Science+and+Medicine&rft.issn=02779536&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - Sociological Abstracts N1 - Date revised - 2007-04-01 N1 - Last updated - 2016-09-28 N1 - CODEN - SSCMAW N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndrome; Orphans; Vulnerability; Crises; Educational Attainment; Sub Saharan Africa; Social Response; Crisis Intervention ER - TY - JOUR T1 - A novel technology to improve drinking water quality: a microbiological evaluation of in-home flocculation and chlorination in rural Guatemala AN - 19934971; 6112371 AB - An estimated 1 billion persons in low-income countries do not have access to improved drinking water. Chlorine, a useful water treatment agent, is less effective in turbid water, and lacks a visible effect, limiting its acceptability. A product incorporating precipitation, coagulation, flocculation, and chlorination technology (combined product) to reduce microbial, organic and heavy metal contaminants in water was evaluated. The combined product's microbiological efficacy in Guatemalan villagers' households was evaluated. One hundred randomly selected households from four neighboring Guatemalan villages were enrolled. Three groups received the combined product and either the Centers for Disease Control (CDC) water storage vessel, a covered bucket with spigot, or no vessel. One group received chlorine bleach and the CDC water storage vessel, and one group no intervention. Household water samples were collected for 4 weeks and Escherichia coli, chlorine, and turbidity levels were measured. Potable water was defined as having less than one E. coli per 100 ml. Eight (8%) baseline water samples were potable. Follow-up water samples were more likely to be potable than control samples (combined product and traditional vessel 83%; combined product and CDC vessel 92%; combined product and covered bucket with spigot 93%; chlorine and CDC vessel 92%; versus control 5%). Among combined product users, 98% reported improved water clarity compared with 45% of chlorine bleach users (p<0.0001). The combined product technology improved water potability as effectively as chlorine bleach; improved water clarity could motivate more persons to effectively treat their water. JF - Journal of Water and Health AU - Rangel, J M AU - Lopez, B AU - Mejia, MA AU - Mendoza, C AU - Luby, S AD - Foodborne and Diarrheal Diseases Branch, Mailstop A38, Division of Bacterial and Mycotic Diseases, National Center for Infectious Diseases, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA, 30333, USA, sxl2@cdc.gov Y1 - 2003/03// PY - 2003 DA - Mar 2003 SP - 15 EP - 22 VL - 1 IS - 1 SN - 1477-8920, 1477-8920 KW - Microbiology Abstracts A: Industrial & Applied Microbiology; Microbiology Abstracts B: Bacteriology; Pollution Abstracts; Health & Safety Science Abstracts; Aqualine Abstracts; Water Resources Abstracts KW - Bleaches KW - Water treatment KW - Guatemala KW - Escherichia coli KW - Water Treatment KW - Chlorine KW - A 01380:Plant Protection, Fungicides & Seed Treatments KW - H 3000:Environment and Ecology KW - P 2000:FRESHWATER POLLUTION KW - SW 3060:Water treatment and distribution KW - J 02400:Human Diseases KW - AQ 00004:Water Treatment UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/19934971?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aaqualine&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Water+and+Health&rft.atitle=A+novel+technology+to+improve+drinking+water+quality%3A+a+microbiological+evaluation+of+in-home+flocculation+and+chlorination+in+rural+Guatemala&rft.au=Rangel%2C+J+M%3BLopez%2C+B%3BMejia%2C+MA%3BMendoza%2C+C%3BLuby%2C+S&rft.aulast=Rangel&rft.aufirst=J&rft.date=2003-03-01&rft.volume=1&rft.issue=1&rft.spage=15&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+Water+and+Health&rft.issn=14778920&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2005-04-01 N1 - Last updated - 2014-02-11 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Chlorine; Water treatment; Water Treatment; Escherichia coli; Guatemala ER - TY - JOUR T1 - The Maritime Continent and Its Role in the Global Climate: A GCM Study AN - 18902895; 5631623 AB - The Maritime Continent, with its complex system of islands and shallow seas, presents a major challenge to models, which tend to systematically underestimate the precipitation in this region. Experiments with a climate version of the Met Office model (HadAM3) show that even with a threefold increase in horizontal resolution there is no improvement in the dry bias. It is argued that the diurnal cycle over the islands and the complex circulation patterns generated by land-sea contrasts are crucial for the energy and hydrological cycles of the Maritime Continent and for determining the mean climate. It is shown that the model has substantial errors in its simulation of the diurnal cycle over the islands, which can rectify onto the seasonal mean climate. It is further argued that deficient rainfall over the Maritime Continent could be a driver for other systematic errors, such as the excess precipitation over the western Indian Ocean. To demonstrate the sensitivity of global systematic model errors to the heating in this region, two experiments have been performed, one with the existing distribution of islands and a second where the island grid points are replaced by ocean grid points. In the absence of the islands of the Maritime Continent, the local precipitation increases by 15%, reducing the existing dry bias and bringing the model closer to observations. In response to this improved heating distribution, precipitation decreases over the west Indian Ocean and South Pacific convergence zone, reducing the systematic wet bias in these regions. This supports the hypothesis that tropical systematic errors are often related through vertical (Walker) circulations. The extratropical response to changes in the Maritime Continent heat source is also well demonstrated by these experiments. The enhanced heating and, hence, divergent outflow generates Rossby waves, which have a significant impact on the winter circulation and surface temperatures across much of North America and the northeast Eurasian region. These changes are such as to substantially reduce model systematic error in these regions. These results reinforce the critical role played by the Maritime Continent in the global circulation. It emphasizes the need for better representation of convective organization over regions of complex land-sea terrains and the importance of considering the global context of model systematic errors in which biases in the Tropics may be a key factor. JF - Journal of Climate AU - Neale, R AU - Slingo, J AD - NOAA-CIRES Climate Diagnostics Center, R/CDC1, 325 Broadway, Boulder, CO 80305-3328, rneale@cdc.noaa.gov Y1 - 2003/03// PY - 2003 DA - Mar 2003 SP - 834 EP - 848 PB - American Meteorological Society VL - 16 IS - 5 SN - 0894-8755, 0894-8755 KW - Climate model errors KW - Climate models KW - General Circulation Model KW - ASFA 2: Ocean Technology Policy & Non-Living Resources; ASFA 3: Aquatic Pollution & Environmental Quality; Oceanic Abstracts; Meteorological & Geoastrophysical Abstracts KW - Convergence zones KW - IS, South Pacific KW - Coastal states KW - Climatic changes KW - Models KW - Surface circulation KW - Eurasia KW - Ocean-atmosphere system KW - Island climates KW - Marine KW - ISW, Indian Ocean KW - North America KW - Oceanic islands KW - ISW, West Indian Ocean KW - Planetary waves KW - Outflow KW - ISEW, South Pacific, South Pacific Convergence Zone KW - Ocean circulation KW - Atmospheric circulation KW - Errors KW - Ecosystem disturbance KW - Ocean currents KW - Continents KW - Coastal oceanography KW - Q2 09242:Observations and measurements at sea KW - O 2010:Physical Oceanography KW - M2 551.588.1:Land and sea distribution. Degree of continentality (551.588.1) KW - M2 551.581.1:Theoretical climatology. Climatic models. Solar climate (551.581.1) KW - Q5 08521:Mechanical and natural changes UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/18902895?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aasfaaquaticpollution&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Climate&rft.atitle=The+Maritime+Continent+and+Its+Role+in+the+Global+Climate%3A+A+GCM+Study&rft.au=Neale%2C+R%3BSlingo%2C+J&rft.aulast=Neale&rft.aufirst=R&rft.date=2003-03-01&rft.volume=16&rft.issue=5&rft.spage=834&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+Climate&rft.issn=08948755&rft_id=info:doi/10.1175%2F1520-0442%282003%29016%280834%3ATMCAIR%292.0.CO%3B2 LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Last updated - 2014-05-07 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Convergence zones; Oceanic islands; Coastal states; Planetary waves; Climatic changes; Outflow; Ocean circulation; Atmospheric circulation; Errors; Ecosystem disturbance; Models; Ocean currents; Continents; Surface circulation; Coastal oceanography; Ocean-atmosphere system; Climate models; Climate model errors; Island climates; North America; ISW, Indian Ocean; ISW, West Indian Ocean; IS, South Pacific; Eurasia; ISEW, South Pacific, South Pacific Convergence Zone; Marine DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1175/1520-0442(2003)016(0834:TMCAIR)2.0.CO;2 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Recreational exposure to aerosolized brevetoxins during Florida red tide events AN - 18843368; 5614217 AB - During two separate Karenia brevis red tide events, we measured the levels of brevetoxins in air and water samples, conducted personal interviews, and performed pulmonary function tests on people before and after they visited one of two Florida beaches. One hundred and twenty-nine people participated in the study, which we conducted during red tide events in Sarasota and Jacksonville, FL, USA. Exposure was categorized into three levels: low/no exposure, moderate exposure, and high exposure. Lower respiratory symptoms (e.g. wheezing) were reported by 8% of unexposed people, 11% of the moderately exposed people, and 28% of the highly exposed people. We performed nasal-pharyngeal swabs on people who experienced moderate or high exposure, and we found an inflammatory response in over 33% of these participants. We did not find any clinically significant changes in pulmonary function test results; however, the study population was small. In future epidemiologic studies, we plan to further investigate the human health impact of inhaled brevetoxins. JF - Harmful Algae AU - Backer, L C AU - Fleming, LE AU - Rowan, A AU - Cheng, Y-S AU - Benson, J AU - Pierce, R H AU - Zaias, J AU - Bean, J AU - Bossart, G D AU - Johnson, D AU - Quimbo, R AU - Baden, D G AD - National Center for Environmental Health, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, 1600 Clifton Road NE, MS E-23, Atlanta, GA 30333, USA, lfb9@cdc.gov Y1 - 2003/03// PY - 2003 DA - Mar 2003 SP - 19 EP - 28 PB - Elsevier Science B. V. VL - 2 IS - 1 SN - 1568-9883, 1568-9883 KW - Brevetoxin KW - Inhalation KW - ASFA 3: Aquatic Pollution & Environmental Quality; ASFA 1: Biological Sciences & Living Resources; Oceanic Abstracts; Toxicology Abstracts KW - Algal blooms KW - USA, Florida KW - Red tides KW - Respiration KW - Bathing KW - Phytoplankton KW - Poisonous organisms KW - Dinophyta KW - Risks KW - ASW, USA, Florida, Sarasota KW - Public health KW - Recreational waters KW - Beaches KW - Aerosols KW - Biological poisons KW - ASW, USA, Florida, Jacksonville KW - Toxins KW - Water pollution KW - Air pollution KW - Brevetoxins KW - Sublethal effects KW - Karenia brevis KW - Neurotoxins KW - Q1 08461:Plankton KW - X 24171:Microbial KW - O 1080:Multi-disciplinary Studies KW - Q5 08524:Public health, medicines, dangerous organisms UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/18843368?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aasfaaquaticpollution&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Harmful+Algae&rft.atitle=Recreational+exposure+to+aerosolized+brevetoxins+during+Florida+red+tide+events&rft.au=Backer%2C+L+C%3BFleming%2C+LE%3BRowan%2C+A%3BCheng%2C+Y-S%3BBenson%2C+J%3BPierce%2C+R+H%3BZaias%2C+J%3BBean%2C+J%3BBossart%2C+G+D%3BJohnson%2C+D%3BQuimbo%2C+R%3BBaden%2C+D+G&rft.aulast=Backer&rft.aufirst=L&rft.date=2003-03-01&rft.volume=2&rft.issue=1&rft.spage=19&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Harmful+Algae&rft.issn=15689883&rft_id=info:doi/10.1016%2FS1568-9883%2803%2900005-2 LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Last updated - 2014-05-07 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Algal blooms; Aerosols; Beaches; Red tides; Biological poisons; Respiration; Bathing; Phytoplankton; Poisonous organisms; Risks; Public health; Sublethal effects; Recreational waters; Neurotoxins; Air pollution; Brevetoxins; Water pollution; Toxins; Karenia brevis; Dinophyta; USA, Florida; ASW, USA, Florida, Jacksonville; ASW, USA, Florida, Sarasota DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S1568-9883(03)00005-2 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Paracoccus yeeii sp. nov. (Formerly CDC Group EO-2), a Novel Bacterial Species Associated with Human Infection AN - 18695932; 5588545 AB - CDC eugonic oxidizer group 2 (EO-2) is a group of unclassified gram-negative bacterial strains isolated from various human sources. As determined by biochemical tests and analyses of fatty acid compositions, these organisms form a homogeneous group that appears to be distinct from but related to other Paracoccus species. Molecular studies were performed on a set of 13 EO-2 strains from various clinical sources and geographic locations in the United States and Canada to determine their relationship to the Paracoccus genus. Control strains were Paracoccus denitrificans ATCC 17741 super(T), P. versutus ATCC 25364 super(T), P. aminophilus ATCC 49673 super(T), P. solventivorans ATCC 700252 super(T), and Psychrobacter immobilis ATCC 43116 super(T), which are phenotypically similar to EO-2. Nearly complete (1,500- base) 16S rRNA gene sequencing of eight EO-2 strains showed a high level of sequence similarity (>99.3%) within the group, and a BLAST search of GenBank placed the EO-2 cluster in close proximity to Paracoccus species (95 to 97% similarity). DNA-DNA hybridization studies of 13 of the EO-2 strains showed all to be related at the species level, with >70% relatedness under stringent conditions and a divergence within the group of less than 2%. None of the Paracoccus control strains hybridized at >54% with any of the EO-2 strains. These results indicate that EO-2 represents a new Paracoccus species, the first isolated from human clinical specimens. A new species, Paracoccus yeeii, is proposed for the EO-2 strains. The type strain of P. yeeii is CDCG1212 (ATCC BAA-599 and CCUG 46822), isolated in Pennsylvania from dialysate of a 77-year-old male with peritonitis. JF - Journal of Clinical Microbiology AU - Daneshvar, MI AU - Hollis, D G AU - Weyant, R S AU - Steigerwalt, A G AU - Whitney, A M AU - Douglas, M P AU - Macgregor, J P AU - Jordan, J G AU - Mayer, L W AU - Rassouli, S M AU - Barchet, W AU - Munro, C AU - Shuttleworth, L AU - Bernard, K AD - Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, 1600 Clifton Rd., Mailstop D11, Atlanta, GA 30333, MDaneshvar@CDC.GOV Y1 - 2003/03// PY - 2003 DA - Mar 2003 SP - 1289 EP - 1294 VL - 41 IS - 3 SN - 0095-1137, 0095-1137 KW - Microbiology Abstracts B: Bacteriology KW - J 02710:Identification, taxonomy and typing UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/18695932?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologyb&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Clinical+Microbiology&rft.atitle=Paracoccus+yeeii+sp.+nov.+%28Formerly+CDC+Group+EO-2%29%2C+a+Novel+Bacterial+Species+Associated+with+Human+Infection&rft.au=Daneshvar%2C+MI%3BHollis%2C+D+G%3BWeyant%2C+R+S%3BSteigerwalt%2C+A+G%3BWhitney%2C+A+M%3BDouglas%2C+M+P%3BMacgregor%2C+J+P%3BJordan%2C+J+G%3BMayer%2C+L+W%3BRassouli%2C+S+M%3BBarchet%2C+W%3BMunro%2C+C%3BShuttleworth%2C+L%3BBernard%2C+K&rft.aulast=Daneshvar&rft.aufirst=MI&rft.date=2003-03-01&rft.volume=41&rft.issue=3&rft.spage=1289&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+Clinical+Microbiology&rft.issn=00951137&rft_id=info:doi/10.1128%2FJCM.41.3.1289-1294.2003 LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/JCM.41.3.1289-1294.2003 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Inhibition of Pneumococcal Adherence to Human Nasopharyngeal Epithelial Cells by Anti-PsaA Antibodies AN - 18693939; 5588441 AB - The role of pneumococcal (Pnc) surface adhesin A (PsaA) in the adherence of Streptococcus pneumoniae (pneumococcus) to host cells is not well defined. We examined the effect of anti-PsaA antibodies in an inhibition of adherence assay using Detroit 562 nasopharyngeal human epithelial cells. Rabbit polyclonal (Pab) anti-recombinant PsaA (rPsaA) sera, a purified mouse monoclonal antibody (MAb) (MAb 6F62G8E12), and 22 healthy adult sera with known anti-PsaA IgG levels (obtained by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay) were evaluated for their abilities to inhibit Pnc adherence to confluent monolayers (measured as percent reduction in CFU counts compared to those of uninhibited controls). Pnc adherence was dependent on capsular phenotype (no or low adherence for opaque strains). With an inoculum of 10 to 10 bacteria/well, the mean plus or minus standard deviation count in controls was 163 plus or minus 32 CFU/well for transparent strains. Low adherence was observed for a PsaA-minus mutant even at higher inoculum doses. Mean percent inhibitions of adherence with Pab and MAb were 54 and 50%, respectively. Adult sera showed inhibition in a dose-response fashion with a range of 98 to 8%, depending on the serum anti-PsaA antibody concentration. Absorption of Pab with rPsaA restored Pnc adherence to control levels. Absorption of sera with a PsaA-minus mutant did not result in a significant decrease (P >0.05) of inhibition of adherence activity. Additionally, nearly 100% of Pnc adherence was inhibited by lipidated rPsaA at 2.5 mu g/ml. Our data support the argument that PsaA is an adhesin that mediates Pnc adherence to human nasopharyngeal cells. This functional assay may be useful in evaluating antibodies elicited in response to PsaA vaccination. JF - Clinical and Diagnostic Laboratory Immunology AU - Romero-Steiner, S AU - Pilishvili, T AU - Sampson, J S AU - Johnson, SE AU - Stinson, A AU - Carlone, G M AU - Ades, E W AD - MS A-36, Respiratory Diseases Immunology Section, Respiratory Diseases Branch, Division of Bacterial and Mycotic Diseases, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, 1600 Clifton Rd., Atlanta, GA 30333, SSteiner@cdc.gov Y1 - 2003/03// PY - 2003 DA - Mar 2003 SP - 246 EP - 251 VL - 10 IS - 2 SN - 1071-412X, 1071-412X KW - PsaA protein KW - man KW - surface adhesin A KW - Microbiology Abstracts B: Bacteriology; Immunology Abstracts KW - F 06801:Bacteria KW - J 02845:Ear, nose and respiratory tract UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/18693939?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologyb&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Child+abuse+%26+neglect&rft.atitle=The+relationship+of+exposure+to+childhood+sexual+abuse+to+other+forms+of+abuse%2C+neglect%2C+and+household+dysfunction+during+childhood.&rft.au=Dong%2C+Maxia%3BAnda%2C+Robert+F%3BDube%2C+Shanta+R%3BGiles%2C+Wayne+H%3BFelitti%2C+Vincent+J&rft.aulast=Dong&rft.aufirst=Maxia&rft.date=2003-06-01&rft.volume=27&rft.issue=6&rft.spage=625&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Child+abuse+%26+neglect&rft.issn=01452134&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/CDLI.10.2.246-251.2003 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - DIFFERENCES IN ACCESS TO HEALTH CARE SERVICES AMONG ADULTS IN RURAL AMERICA BY RURAL CLASSIFICATION CATEGORIES AND AGE AN - 1673612165 AB - Objective: To study differences in excess to health care services between different population groups in rural areas of the United States. Design: Using data from the 1994 National Health Interview Survey and the 1991 Area Resource File, we examined the differences in excess with seven measures: having a regular source of care, having a usual place of care, having health insurance coverage, delaying medical care because of cost for all rural residents; number of doctor visits, number of hospital discharges and length of hospital stay per discharge for those who reported their health as being either poor or fair. Rural residents were classified by ages and grouped into four rural classification categories that were characterised along two dimensions: adjacent to a metropolitan statistical area (MSA) (yes/no) and inclusion of a city of at least 10 000 people (yes/no). Setting: Rural areas Subjects: Rural populations. Results: Residents aged 18–24 years had the worst access to services and the residents aged 65 years and over had the best access to services when measured by regular source of care, a usual place of care and health insurance status. Compared to those aged 50–64 years, residents aged 25–49 years were less likely to report having health insurance and more likely to report delaying seeking medical care because of costs. Rural residents who lived in a county adjacent to an MSA generally were less limited in access than those who lived in a county not adjacent to an MSA. Conclusions: Rural America is not a homogeneous entity in many aspects of the access to health care services. JF - The Australian Journal of Rural Health AU - Zhang, Ping AU - Tao, Guoyu AU - Anderson, Lynda A AD - National Center for Chronic Disease Prevention and Health Promotion, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia. ; National Center for HIV, STD and TB Prevention, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia. ; National Center for HIV, STD and TB Prevention, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia., Department of Behavioural Sciences and Health Education, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia, USA. ; National Center for Chronic Disease Prevention and Health Promotion, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia. Y1 - 2003/03// PY - 2003 DA - Mar 2003 SP - 64 EP - 72 CY - Richmond PB - Wiley Subscription Services, Inc. VL - 11 IS - 2 SN - 1038-5282 KW - Medical Sciences KW - Age differences KW - Classification KW - Coverage KW - Discharge KW - Health care KW - Health costs KW - Health insurance KW - Health status KW - Insurance KW - Length of stay KW - Rural areas KW - Rural communities KW - United States--US UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/1673612165?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aassia&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Australian+Journal+of+Rural+Health&rft.atitle=DIFFERENCES+IN+ACCESS+TO+HEALTH+CARE+SERVICES+AMONG+ADULTS+IN+RURAL+AMERICA+BY+RURAL+CLASSIFICATION+CATEGORIES+AND+AGE&rft.au=Zhang%2C+Ping%3BTao%2C+Guoyu%3BAnderson%2C+Lynda+A&rft.aulast=Zhang&rft.aufirst=Ping&rft.date=2003-03-01&rft.volume=11&rft.issue=2&rft.spage=64&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=The+Australian+Journal+of+Rural+Health&rft.issn=10385282&rft_id=info:doi/10.1046%2Fj.1440-1584.2003.00454.x LA - English DB - Applied Social Sciences Index & Abstracts (ASSIA) N1 - Date revised - 2015-03-31 N1 - Last updated - 2016-05-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - United States--US DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1046/j.1440-1584.2003.00454.x ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Detection of bloodstream pathogens in a bacille Calmette-Guerin (BCG)-vaccinated pediatric population in Malawi: a pilot study AN - 1566849666; 20609887 AB - Children in Malawi receive bacille Calmette-Guerin (BCG) vaccination within the first 3 days of life. Thus, we hypothesized that Malawian children infected with the human immunodeficiency type 1 virus (HIV-1) might be particularly vulnerable to dissemination of the BCG Mycobacterium bovis strain with which they were vaccinated. Following informed consent by parents, we studied children admitted to a Malawi general hospital during the 1998 wet and dry seasons. Blood from cohorts of acutely ill children was cultured for bacteria, including mycobacteria, and fungi, and tested for anti-HIV-1 antibodies. It was shown that non-typhi Salmonella and Escherichia coli were the predominant bloodstream pathogens during the wet and dry seasons, and that bloodstream dissemination of the BCG M. bovis strain is uncommon in HIV-1-infected children who receive the BCG vaccine. JF - Clinical Microbiology and Infection AU - Archibald, L K AU - Nwanyanwu, O AU - Kazembe, P N AU - Mwansambo, C AU - Bell, M AU - Dobbie, H AU - Reller, L B AU - Jarvis, W R AD - CDC Mailstop A-35, 1600 Clifton Road, Atlanta, GA 30333, USA. Y1 - 2003/03// PY - 2003 DA - Mar 2003 SP - 234 EP - 238 PB - Wiley-Blackwell, 111 River Street Hoboken NJ 07030-5774 United States VL - 9 IS - 3 SN - 1198-743X, 1198-743X KW - Microbiology Abstracts C: Algology, Mycology & Protozoology; Microbiology Abstracts B: Bacteriology KW - Pediatrics KW - Fungi KW - Mycobacterium bovis KW - Pathogens KW - Children KW - Vaccination KW - Blood KW - Antibodies KW - Antiviral agents KW - BCG KW - Human immunodeficiency virus 1 KW - Escherichia coli KW - Vaccines KW - Salmonella KW - Hospitals KW - K 03400:Human Diseases KW - J 02350:Immunology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/1566849666?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologyb&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Clinical+Microbiology+and+Infection&rft.atitle=Detection+of+bloodstream+pathogens+in+a+bacille+Calmette-Guerin+%28BCG%29-vaccinated+pediatric+population+in+Malawi%3A+a+pilot+study&rft.au=Archibald%2C+L+K%3BNwanyanwu%2C+O%3BKazembe%2C+P+N%3BMwansambo%2C+C%3BBell%2C+M%3BDobbie%2C+H%3BReller%2C+L+B%3BJarvis%2C+W+R&rft.aulast=Archibald&rft.aufirst=L&rft.date=2003-03-01&rft.volume=9&rft.issue=3&rft.spage=234&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Clinical+Microbiology+and+Infection&rft.issn=1198743X&rft_id=info:doi/10.1046%2Fj.1469-0691.2003.00517.x LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2014-09-01 N1 - Last updated - 2014-12-11 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Blood; Antibodies; Antiviral agents; Pediatrics; BCG; Fungi; Vaccines; Pathogens; Children; Vaccination; Hospitals; Human immunodeficiency virus 1; Escherichia coli; Mycobacterium bovis; Salmonella DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1046/j.1469-0691.2003.00517.x ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Smallpox vaccine adverse events among civilians--United States, February 18-24, 2003. AN - 73091499; 12625500 AB - During the civilian smallpox vaccination program, CDC and state health departments are conducting surveillance for vaccine-associated adverse events. In the first stage of the program, active surveillance is being conducted for potentially life-threatening, moderate-to-severe, and other serious adverse events and for vaccinia transmission to contacts of vaccinees (Table). Nonserious events are reported through passive surveillance and are expected to be underreported. This report summarizes smallpox vaccine adverse events reported among civilians vaccinated as of February 21, 2003, and received by CDC from the Vaccine Adverse Event Reporting System (VAERS) as of February 24. JF - MMWR. Morbidity and mortality weekly report AU - Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) AD - Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) Y1 - 2003/02/28/ PY - 2003 DA - 2003 Feb 28 SP - 156 EP - 157 VL - 52 IS - 8 SN - 0149-2195, 0149-2195 KW - Smallpox Vaccine KW - 0 KW - Index Medicus KW - Vaccinia -- epidemiology KW - Vaccinia -- transmission KW - Humans KW - Health Personnel KW - Vaccinia -- diagnosis KW - Vaccination -- adverse effects KW - United States -- epidemiology KW - Adverse Drug Reaction Reporting Systems KW - Smallpox Vaccine -- adverse effects KW - Population Surveillance UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/73091499?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=MMWR.+Morbidity+and+mortality+weekly+report&rft.atitle=Smallpox+vaccine+adverse+events+among+civilians--United+States%2C+February+18-24%2C+2003.&rft.au=Centers+for+Disease+Control+and+Prevention+%28CDC%29&rft.aulast=Centers+for+Disease+Control+and+Prevention+%28CDC%29&rft.aufirst=&rft.date=2003-02-28&rft.volume=52&rft.issue=8&rft.spage=156&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=MMWR.+Morbidity+and+mortality+weekly+report&rft.issn=01492195&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 2003-03-11 N1 - Date created - 2003-03-10 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Secondhand smoke exposure among middle and high school students--Texas, 2001. AN - 73091437; 12625498 AB - Secondhand smoke (SHS) exposure causes approximately 3,000 deaths each year in Texas and is associated with increased morbidity caused by acute respiratory infections and asthma among children and respiratory problems among adults. Adult lung cancer risk might be increased as a result of SHS exposure during childhood and adolescence. To assess SHS exposure among middle and high school students in Texas, the Texas Department of Health (TDH) analyzed data from the 2001 Texas Youth Tobacco Survey (TYTS). This report summarizes the results of that analysis, which indicate that half of 8,687 middle school students and two-thirds of 8,696 high school students reported SHS exposure within the 7 days preceding the survey. The prevalence of SHS exposure was higher among students who reported living with a cigarette smoker or having at least one close friend who smokes. Among middle school students, the prevalence of SHS exposure was lower among those who perceived SHS to be harmful to their health. These findings emphasize the need for continuing efforts to decrease SHS exposure among youth and to increase understanding of the harmful health effects of SHS exposure. JF - MMWR. Morbidity and mortality weekly report AU - Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) AD - Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) Y1 - 2003/02/28/ PY - 2003 DA - 2003 Feb 28 SP - 152 EP - 154 VL - 52 IS - 8 SN - 0149-2195, 0149-2195 KW - Tobacco Smoke Pollution KW - 0 KW - Index Medicus KW - Texas -- epidemiology KW - Humans KW - Health Surveys KW - Child KW - Adolescent KW - Male KW - Female KW - Prevalence KW - Students -- statistics & numerical data KW - Tobacco Smoke Pollution -- statistics & numerical data UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/73091437?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=MMWR.+Morbidity+and+mortality+weekly+report&rft.atitle=Secondhand+smoke+exposure+among+middle+and+high+school+students--Texas%2C+2001.&rft.au=Centers+for+Disease+Control+and+Prevention+%28CDC%29&rft.aulast=Centers+for+Disease+Control+and+Prevention+%28CDC%29&rft.aufirst=&rft.date=2003-02-28&rft.volume=52&rft.issue=8&rft.spage=152&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=MMWR.+Morbidity+and+mortality+weekly+report&rft.issn=01492195&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 2003-03-11 N1 - Date created - 2003-03-10 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Clinical practice. Occupational exposure to HIV in health care settings. AN - 73059261; 12606738 JF - The New England journal of medicine AU - Gerberding, Julie Louise AD - Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA 30333, USA. jgerberding@cdc.gov Y1 - 2003/02/27/ PY - 2003 DA - 2003 Feb 27 SP - 826 EP - 833 VL - 348 IS - 9 KW - Anti-HIV Agents KW - 0 KW - Abridged Index Medicus KW - Index Medicus KW - Humans KW - Blood-Borne Pathogens KW - Adult KW - Practice Guidelines as Topic KW - Phlebotomy KW - Accidents, Occupational KW - Occupational Exposure KW - Allied Health Personnel KW - Anti-HIV Agents -- therapeutic use KW - HIV Infections -- transmission KW - HIV Infections -- prevention & control KW - Needlestick Injuries KW - Anti-HIV Agents -- adverse effects KW - Infectious Disease Transmission, Patient-to-Professional -- prevention & control UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/73059261?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+New+England+journal+of+medicine&rft.atitle=Clinical+practice.+Occupational+exposure+to+HIV+in+health+care+settings.&rft.au=Gerberding%2C+Julie+Louise&rft.aulast=Gerberding&rft.aufirst=Julie&rft.date=2003-02-27&rft.volume=348&rft.issue=9&rft.spage=826&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=The+New+England+journal+of+medicine&rft.issn=1533-4406&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 2003-03-06 N1 - Date created - 2003-02-27 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - SuppNotes - Comment In: N Engl J Med. 2003 Sep 11;349(11):1091-2; author reply 1091-2 [12971368] N Engl J Med. 2003 Sep 11;349(11):1091-2; author reply 1091-2 [12968099] N Engl J Med. 2003 Sep 11;349(11):1091-2; author reply 1091-2 [12971369] N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - CPAPER T1 - Semen quality assessment of nickel refinery workers AN - 39678857; 3734760 AU - Schrader, S M AU - Nikitina, N Y1 - 2003/02/25/ PY - 2003 DA - 2003 Feb 25 KW - CPI, Conference Papers Index KW - U 4300:Environmental Science KW - U 2000:Biology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/39678857?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Acpi&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=conference&rft.jtitle=&rft.atitle=Semen+quality+assessment+of+nickel+refinery+workers&rft.au=Schrader%2C+S+M%3BNikitina%2C+N&rft.aulast=Schrader&rft.aufirst=S&rft.date=2003-02-25&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - SuppNotes - Availability: Northwest Public Health Research Center, 4, ul. 2-ya, Sovetskaya, St. Petersburg, 193036, Russia; phone: 7-812-2770154; fax: 7-812-2770264; URL: www.nickelconf.narod.ru N1 - Last updated - 2010-05-03 ER - TY - CPAPER T1 - CDC in Zimbabwe: Strengthening regional surveillance and laboratory measures, supporting infrastructure development and promoting technology transfer AN - 39623868; 3725666 AU - Mayes, R Y1 - 2003/02/25/ PY - 2003 DA - 2003 Feb 25 KW - CPI, Conference Papers Index KW - U 7000:Multidisciplinary UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/39623868?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Acpi&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=conference&rft.jtitle=&rft.atitle=CDC+in+Zimbabwe%3A+Strengthening+regional+surveillance+and+laboratory+measures%2C+supporting+infrastructure+development+and+promoting+technology+transfer&rft.au=Mayes%2C+R&rft.aulast=Mayes&rft.aufirst=R&rft.date=2003-02-25&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - SuppNotes - Availability: U.S. National Committee for CODATA, Board on International Scientific Organizations, National Research Council, TNA W-541, 500 5th Street, NW, Washington, DC 20001, USA; phone: 202-334-2807 N1 - Last updated - 2010-05-03 ER - TY - CPAPER T1 - Assessment of menstrual cycle endocrine endpoints as indices of infertility AN - 39606320; 3731953 AU - Kesner, J Y1 - 2003/02/25/ PY - 2003 DA - 2003 Feb 25 KW - CPI, Conference Papers Index KW - U 4300:Environmental Science KW - U 2000:Biology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/39606320?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Acpi&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=conference&rft.jtitle=&rft.atitle=Assessment+of+menstrual+cycle+endocrine+endpoints+as+indices+of+infertility&rft.au=Kesner%2C+J&rft.aulast=Kesner&rft.aufirst=J&rft.date=2003-02-25&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - SuppNotes - Availability: Northwest Public Health Research Center, 4, ul. 2-ya, Sovetskaya, St. Petersburg, 193036, Russia; phone: 7-812-2770154; fax: 7-812-2770264; URL: www.nickelconf.narod.ru N1 - Last updated - 2010-05-03 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Potential exposures to airborne and settled surface dust in residential areas of lower Manhattan following the collapse of the World Trade Center--New York City, November 4-December 11, 2001. AN - 73084077; 12617538 AB - Following the terrorist attacks of September 11, 2001, which destroyed the World Trade Center (WTC) in lower Manhattan, the New York City (NYC) Department of Health and Mental Hygiene (DOHMH) and the Agency for Toxic Substances and Disease Registry (ATSDR), with assistance from the U.S. Public Health Service (PHS) Commissioned Corps Readiness Force and the WTC Environmental Assessment Working Group, assessed the composition of outdoor and indoor settled surface and airborne dust in residential areas around the WTC and in comparison areas. This report summarizes the results of the investigation, which found 1) similar levels of airborne total fibers in lower and in upper Manhattan, 2) greater percentage levels of synthetic vitreous fibers (SVF) and mineral components of concrete and building wallboard in settled dust of residential areas in lower Manhattan than in upper Manhattan, and 3) low levels of asbestos in some settled surface dust in lower Manhattan residential areas. Based in part on the results of this investigation, the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) is cleaning and sampling residential areas as requested by lower Manhattan residents. In addition, to assess any short- or long-term health effects of smoke, dust, and airborne substances around the WTC site, DOHMH and ATSDR are developing a registry that will track the health of persons who were most highly exposed to these materials. JF - MMWR. Morbidity and mortality weekly report AU - Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) AD - Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) Y1 - 2003/02/21/ PY - 2003 DA - 2003 Feb 21 SP - 131 EP - 136 VL - 52 IS - 7 SN - 0149-2195, 0149-2195 KW - Air Pollutants KW - 0 KW - Dust KW - Index Medicus KW - New York City KW - Aircraft KW - Humans KW - Residence Characteristics KW - Construction Materials KW - Population Surveillance KW - Registries KW - Air Pollution -- statistics & numerical data KW - Terrorism KW - Air Pollution -- analysis KW - Environmental Exposure -- statistics & numerical data KW - Environmental Exposure -- analysis KW - Air Pollutants -- analysis KW - Explosions UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/73084077?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=MMWR.+Morbidity+and+mortality+weekly+report&rft.atitle=Potential+exposures+to+airborne+and+settled+surface+dust+in+residential+areas+of+lower+Manhattan+following+the+collapse+of+the+World+Trade+Center--New+York+City%2C+November+4-December+11%2C+2001.&rft.au=Centers+for+Disease+Control+and+Prevention+%28CDC%29&rft.aulast=Centers+for+Disease+Control+and+Prevention+%28CDC%29&rft.aufirst=&rft.date=2003-02-21&rft.volume=52&rft.issue=7&rft.spage=131&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=MMWR.+Morbidity+and+mortality+weekly+report&rft.issn=01492195&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 2003-03-07 N1 - Date created - 2003-03-05 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Smallpox vaccine adverse events among civilians--United States, January 24-February 18, 2003. AN - 73071517; 12617539 AB - During the civilian smallpox vaccination program, CDC and state health departments are conducting surveillance for vaccine-associated adverse events. In the first stage of the program, active surveillance is being conducted for potentially life-threatening, moderate-to-severe, and other serious adverse events and for vaccinia transmission to contacts of vaccinees (Table). Nonserious events are reported via passive surveillance and are expected to be underreported. This report summarizes smallpox vaccine adverse events reported among civilians vaccinated as of February 14, 2003, and received by CDC from the Vaccine Adverse Event Reporting System (VAERS) as of February 18. JF - MMWR. Morbidity and mortality weekly report AU - Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) AD - Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) Y1 - 2003/02/21/ PY - 2003 DA - 2003 Feb 21 SP - 136 VL - 52 IS - 7 SN - 0149-2195, 0149-2195 KW - Smallpox Vaccine KW - 0 KW - Index Medicus KW - Vaccinia -- epidemiology KW - Vaccinia -- transmission KW - Humans KW - Health Personnel KW - Vaccinia -- diagnosis KW - Vaccination -- adverse effects KW - United States -- epidemiology KW - Adverse Drug Reaction Reporting Systems KW - Smallpox Vaccine -- adverse effects KW - Population Surveillance UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/73071517?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=MMWR.+Morbidity+and+mortality+weekly+report&rft.atitle=Smallpox+vaccine+adverse+events+among+civilians--United+States%2C+January+24-February+18%2C+2003.&rft.au=Centers+for+Disease+Control+and+Prevention+%28CDC%29&rft.aulast=Centers+for+Disease+Control+and+Prevention+%28CDC%29&rft.aufirst=&rft.date=2003-02-21&rft.volume=52&rft.issue=7&rft.spage=136&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=MMWR.+Morbidity+and+mortality+weekly+report&rft.issn=01492195&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 2003-03-07 N1 - Date created - 2003-03-05 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Smallpox Vaccine Adverse Events Monitoring and Response System for the first stage of the smallpox vaccination program. AN - 73016736; 12588007 AB - Smallpox vaccination of civilian volunteer health-care workers began on January 24, 2003. As of February 4, a total of 37 states and counties have received shipments of smallpox vaccine, and 18 states and counties have begun smallpox vaccination; no serious adverse events have been reported. To monitor the occurrence of adverse events associated with vaccination, both those expected on the basis of previous experience and possible new unexpected adverse events, CDC and state health departments have established the Smallpox Vaccine Adverse Events Monitoring and Response System. The system also will be used to monitor the effectiveness of contraindication screening, identify new contraindications, and coordinate the distribution of vaccinia immune globulin (VIG) and cidofovir to the civilian population. This notice describes the components of the system, delineates roles and responsibilities, and explains how data from the system will be compiled and communicated. JF - MMWR. Morbidity and mortality weekly report AU - Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) AD - Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) Y1 - 2003/02/07/ PY - 2003 DA - 2003 Feb 07 SP - 88 EP - 9, 99 VL - 52 IS - 5 SN - 0149-2195, 0149-2195 KW - Smallpox Vaccine KW - 0 KW - Index Medicus KW - United States KW - Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (U.S.) KW - Humans KW - Immunization Programs KW - Adverse Drug Reaction Reporting Systems KW - Smallpox Vaccine -- adverse effects KW - Smallpox Vaccine -- administration & dosage UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/73016736?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=MMWR.+Morbidity+and+mortality+weekly+report&rft.atitle=Smallpox+Vaccine+Adverse+Events+Monitoring+and+Response+System+for+the+first+stage+of+the+smallpox+vaccination+program.&rft.au=Centers+for+Disease+Control+and+Prevention+%28CDC%29&rft.aulast=Centers+for+Disease+Control+and+Prevention+%28CDC%29&rft.aufirst=&rft.date=2003-02-07&rft.volume=52&rft.issue=5&rft.spage=88&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=MMWR.+Morbidity+and+mortality+weekly+report&rft.issn=01492195&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 2003-02-25 N1 - Date created - 2003-02-17 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Evaluation of the risk of noise-induced hearing loss among unscreened male industrial workers. AN - 85404955; pmid-12597181 AB - Variability in background risk and distribution of various risk factors for hearing loss may explain some of the diversity in excess risk of noise-induced hearing loss (NIHL). This paper examines the impact of various risk factors on excess risk estimates of NIHL using data from the 1968-1972 NIOSH Occupational Noise and Hearing Survey (ONHS). Previous analyses of a subset of these data focused on 1172 highly "screened" workers. In the current analysis, an additional 894 white males (609 noise-exposed and 285 controls), who were excluded for various reasons (i.e., nonoccupational noise exposure, otologic or medical conditions affecting hearing, prior occupational noise exposure) have been added 2066) to assess excess risk of noise-induced material impairment in an unscreened population. Data are analyzed by age, duration of exposure, and sound level (8-h TWA) for four different definitions of noise-induced hearing impairment, defined as the binaural pure-tone average (PTA) hearing threshold level greater than 25 dB for the following frequencies: (a) 1-4 kHz (PTA1234), (b) 1-3 kHz (PTA123), (c) 0.5, 1, and 2 kHz (PTA512), and (d) 3, 4, and 6 kHz (PTA346). Results indicate that populations with higher background risks of hearing loss may show lower excess risks attributable to noise relative to highly screened populations. Estimates of lifetime excess risk of hearing impairment were found to be significantly different between screened and unscreened population for noise levels greater than 90 dBA. Predicted age-related risk of material hearing impairment in the ONHS unscreened population was similar to that predicted from Annex B and C of ANSI S3.44 for ages less than 60 years. Results underscore the importance of understanding differential risk patterns for hearing loss and the use of appropriate reference (control) populations when evaluating risk of noise-induced hearing impairment among contemporary industrial populations. JF - The Journal of the Acoustical Society of America AU - Prince, Mary M AU - Gilbert, Stephen J AU - Smith, Randall J AU - Stayner, Leslie T AD - Industrywide Studies Branch, Division of Surveillance, Hazard Evaluations, and Field Studies, National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, 4676 Columbia Parkway, Cincinnati, Ohio 45226, USA. mmp3@cdc.gov Y1 - 2003/02// PY - 2003 DA - Feb 2003 SP - 871 EP - 880 VL - 113 IS - 2 SN - 0001-4966, 0001-4966 KW - Index Medicus KW - National Library of Medicine KW - Adult KW - Aged KW - Audiometry, Pure-Tone KW - Auditory Threshold KW - Female KW - Health Surveys KW - Hearing Loss, Noise-Induced: epidemiology KW - *Hearing Loss, Noise-Induced: etiology KW - Hearing Loss, Noise-Induced: prevention & control KW - Humans KW - Male KW - Mass Screening KW - Middle Aged KW - National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (U.S.) KW - *Noise, Occupational: adverse effects KW - Occupational Diseases: epidemiology KW - *Occupational Diseases: etiology KW - Occupational Diseases: prevention & control KW - Risk Factors KW - Sound Spectrography KW - United States UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/85404955?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Acomdisdome&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Journal+of+the+Acoustical+Society+of+America&rft.atitle=Evaluation+of+the+risk+of+noise-induced+hearing+loss+among+unscreened+male+industrial+workers.&rft.au=Prince%2C+Mary+M%3BGilbert%2C+Stephen+J%3BSmith%2C+Randall+J%3BStayner%2C+Leslie+T&rft.aulast=Prince&rft.aufirst=Mary&rft.date=2003-02-01&rft.volume=113&rft.issue=2&rft.spage=871&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=The+Journal+of+the+Acoustical+Society+of+America&rft.issn=00014966&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English (eng) DB - ComDisDome N1 - Date revised - 2011-12-15 N1 - Last updated - 2012-07-13 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Pulmonary inflammation and crystalline silica in respirable coal mine dust: Dose response AN - 815538715; 13836434 AB - This study describes the quantitative relationships between early pulmonary responses and the estimated lungburden or cumulative exposure of respirable-quartz or coal mine dust. Data from a previous bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) study in coal miners (n = 20) and nonminers (n = 16) were used including cell counts of alveolar macrophages AMs) and polymorphonuclear leukocytes (PMNs), and the antioxidant superoxide dismutase (SOD) levels. Miners' individual working lifetime particulate exposures were estimated from work histories and mine air sampling data, and quartz lung-burdens were estimated using a lung dosimetry model. Results show that quartz, as either cumulative exposure or estimated lung-burden, was a highly statistically significant predictor of PMN response (P 0.4). This study demonstrates dose-response relationships between respirable crystalline silica in coal mine dust and pulmonary inflammation, antioxidant production, and radiographic small opacities. JF - Journal of Biosciences (Bangalore) AU - Kuempel, ED AU - Attfield, MD AU - Vallyathan, V AU - Lapp, N L AU - Hale, J M AU - Smith, R J AU - Castranova, V AD - Education and Information Division, Risk Evaluation Branch, National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health(NIOSH), 45226-1998, Cincinnati, OH, USA, ekuempel@cdc.gov Y1 - 2003/02// PY - 2003 DA - Feb 2003 SP - 61 EP - 69 PB - Springer-Verlag (Heidelberg), Tiergartenstrasse 17 Heidelberg 69121 Germany VL - 28 IS - 1 SN - 0250-5991, 0250-5991 KW - Toxicology Abstracts KW - Macrophages KW - Data processing KW - Antioxidants KW - Leukocytes (polymorphonuclear) KW - Dosimetry KW - Statistical analysis KW - Coal KW - Mines KW - Alveoli KW - Dust KW - Inflammation KW - Silica KW - Bronchus KW - Superoxide dismutase KW - Lung KW - Quartz KW - Dose-response effects KW - Coal dust KW - Sampling KW - X 24350:Industrial Chemicals UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/815538715?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxicologyabstracts&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Biosciences+%28Bangalore%29&rft.atitle=Pulmonary+inflammation+and+crystalline+silica+in+respirable+coal+mine+dust%3A+Dose+response&rft.au=Kuempel%2C+ED%3BAttfield%2C+MD%3BVallyathan%2C+V%3BLapp%2C+N+L%3BHale%2C+J+M%3BSmith%2C+R+J%3BCastranova%2C+V&rft.aulast=Kuempel&rft.aufirst=ED&rft.date=2003-02-01&rft.volume=28&rft.issue=1&rft.spage=61&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+Biosciences+%28Bangalore%29&rft.issn=02505991&rft_id=info:doi/10.1007%2FBF02970133 LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2010-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2015-11-16 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Macrophages; Antioxidants; Data processing; Leukocytes (polymorphonuclear); Dosimetry; Statistical analysis; Coal; Mines; Dust; Alveoli; Inflammation; Silica; Bronchus; Lung; Superoxide dismutase; Dose-response effects; Quartz; Coal dust; Sampling DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02970133 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Nitric oxide production by rat bronchoalveolar macrophages or polymorphonuclear leukocytes following intratracheal instillation of lipopolysaccharide or silica AN - 807275163; 13836430 AB - Exposure of the lung to lipopolysaccharide (LPS) or silica results in an activation of alveolar macrophages mu Ms), recruitment of polymorphonuclear leukocytes (PMNs) into bronchoalveolar spaces, and the production of free radicals. Nitric oxide (NO) is one of the free radicals generated by bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) cell populations following either LPS or silica exposure. The purpose of the present study was to assess the relative contributions of AMs and PMNs to the amounts of NO produced by BAL cells following intratracheal (IT) instillation of either LPS or silica. Male Sprague Dawley rats (265-340 g body wt.) were given LPS (10 mu g/100 g body wt.) or silica (5 mg/100 g body wt.). BAL cells were harvested 18-24 h post-IT and enriched for AMs or PMNs using density gradient centrifugation. Media levels of nitrate and nitrite (NOx; the stable decomposition products of NO) were then measured 18 h afterex vivo culture of these cells. Following IT exposure to either LPS or silica, BAL cell populations were 20% AMs and 80% PMNs. After density gradient centrifugation of BAL cells from LPS or silica-treated rats, cell fractions were obtained which were relatively enriched for AMs ( 60%) or PMNs ( 90%). The amounts of NOx produced by the AM-enriched fractions from LPS or silica-treated rats were 2-4-fold greater than that produced by the PMN-enriched fractions. Estimations of the relative contribution of AMs or PMNs to the NOx produced indicated that: (i) following LPS treatment, 75%-89% of the NOx was derived from AMs and 11%-25% from PMNs; and (ii) following silica treatment, 76%-100% of the NOx was derived from AMs and 0.24% from PMNs. Immunohistochemistry for inducible NO synthase on lung tissue sections supported these findings. We conclude that AMs are the major source of the NO produced by BAL cells during acute pulmonary inflammatory responses to LPS or silica. JF - Journal of Biosciences (Bangalore) AU - Huffman, L J AU - Prugh, D J AU - Millecchia, L AU - Schuller, K C AU - Cantrell, S AU - Porter, D W AD - Health Effects Laboratory Division, National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, 26505, Morgantown, West Virginia, USA, ljh3@cdc.gov Y1 - 2003/02// PY - 2003 DA - Feb 2003 SP - 29 EP - 37 PB - Springer-Verlag (Heidelberg), Tiergartenstrasse 17 Heidelberg 69121 Germany VL - 28 IS - 1 SN - 0250-5991, 0250-5991 KW - Toxicology Abstracts UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/807275163?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxicologyabstracts&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Biosciences+%28Bangalore%29&rft.atitle=Nitric+oxide+production+by+rat+bronchoalveolar+macrophages+or+polymorphonuclear+leukocytes+following+intratracheal+instillation+of+lipopolysaccharide+or+silica&rft.au=Huffman%2C+L+J%3BPrugh%2C+D+J%3BMillecchia%2C+L%3BSchuller%2C+K+C%3BCantrell%2C+S%3BPorter%2C+D+W&rft.aulast=Huffman&rft.aufirst=L&rft.date=2003-02-01&rft.volume=28&rft.issue=1&rft.spage=29&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+Biosciences+%28Bangalore%29&rft.issn=02505991&rft_id=info:doi/10.1007%2FBF02970129 LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2010-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-14 DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02970129 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Occupationally acquired human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection: national case surveillance data during 20 years of the HIV epidemic in the United States. AN - 73048614; 12602690 AB - To characterize occupationally acquired human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection detected through case surveillance efforts in the United States. National surveillance systems, based on voluntary case reporting. Healthcare or laboratory (clinical or research) settings. Healthcare workers, defined as individuals employed in healthcare or laboratory settings (including students and trainees), who are infected with HIV. Review of data reported through December 2001 in the HIV/AIDS Reporting System and the National Surveillance for Occupationally Acquired HIV Infection. Of 57 healthcare workers with documented occupationally acquired HIV infection, most (86%) were exposed to blood, and most (88%) had percutaneous injuries. The circumstances varied among 51 percutaneous injuries, with the largest proportion (41%) occurring after a procedure, 35% occurring during a procedure, and 20% occurring during disposal of sharp objects. Unexpected circumstances difficult to anticipate during or after procedures accounted for 20% of all injuries. Of 55 known source patients, most (69%) had acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) at the time of occupational exposure, but some (11%) had asymptomatic HIV infection. Eight (14%) of the healthcare workers were infected despite receiving postexposure prophylaxis (PEP). Prevention strategies for occupationally acquired HIV infection should continue to emphasize avoiding blood exposures. Healthcare workers should be educated about both the benefits and the limitations of PEP, which does not always prevent HIV infection following an exposure. Technologic advances (eg, safety-engineered devices) may further enhance safety in the healthcare workplace. JF - Infection control and hospital epidemiology AU - Do, Ann N AU - Ciesielski, Carol A AU - Metler, Russ P AU - Hammett, Teresa A AU - Li, Jianmin AU - Fleming, Patricia L AD - Surveillance Branch, Division of HIV/AIDS Prevention, National Center for HIV, STD, and TB Prevention, Center for Disease Control and Prevention, 1600 Clifton Road NE, MS E-47, Atlanta, GA 30333, USA. Y1 - 2003/02// PY - 2003 DA - February 2003 SP - 86 EP - 96 VL - 24 IS - 2 SN - 0899-823X, 0899-823X KW - HIV Antibodies KW - 0 KW - Index Medicus KW - Nursing KW - Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (U.S.) KW - Humans KW - HIV Seropositivity -- immunology KW - Needlestick Injuries -- epidemiology KW - Antiretroviral Therapy, Highly Active -- utilization KW - Disease Notification KW - HIV Antibodies -- blood KW - Risk Factors KW - Needlestick Injuries -- prevention & control KW - Adult KW - Blood-Borne Pathogens KW - Middle Aged KW - United States -- epidemiology KW - Needlestick Injuries -- virology KW - Female KW - Male KW - Occupational Exposure -- statistics & numerical data KW - Occupational Exposure -- prevention & control KW - Health Personnel -- statistics & numerical data KW - HIV Infections -- transmission KW - Infectious Disease Transmission, Patient-to-Professional -- statistics & numerical data KW - HIV Infections -- prevention & control KW - Infectious Disease Transmission, Patient-to-Professional -- analysis KW - HIV Infections -- epidemiology KW - Population Surveillance UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/73048614?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Infection+control+and+hospital+epidemiology&rft.atitle=Occupationally+acquired+human+immunodeficiency+virus+%28HIV%29+infection%3A+national+case+surveillance+data+during+20+years+of+the+HIV+epidemic+in+the+United+States.&rft.au=Do%2C+Ann+N%3BCiesielski%2C+Carol+A%3BMetler%2C+Russ+P%3BHammett%2C+Teresa+A%3BLi%2C+Jianmin%3BFleming%2C+Patricia+L&rft.aulast=Do&rft.aufirst=Ann&rft.date=2003-02-01&rft.volume=24&rft.issue=2&rft.spage=86&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Infection+control+and+hospital+epidemiology&rft.issn=0899823X&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 2003-04-30 N1 - Date created - 2003-02-26 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - SuppNotes - Comment In: Infect Control Hosp Epidemiol. 2003 Feb;24(2):82-5 [12602689] N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Pregnancy-related substance use in the United States during 1996-1998. AN - 73025509; 12576263 AB - To provide a baseline estimate of the national prevalence of pregnancy-related illicit drug use and abstinence rates. We analyzed data collected between 1996 and 1998 from the National Household Survey on Drug Abuse, a nationally representative sample survey of 22,303 noninstitutionalized women aged 18-44 years, of whom 1,249 were pregnant. During 1996-1998, 6.4% of nonpregnant women of childbearing age and 2.8% of pregnant women reported that they used illicit drugs. Of the women who used drugs, the relative proportion of women who abstained from illicit drugs after recognition of pregnancy increased from 28% during the first trimester of pregnancy to 93% by the third trimester. However, because of postpregnancy relapse, the net pregnancy-related reduction in illicit drug use at postpartum was only 24%. Marijuana accounted for three-fourths of illicit drug use, and cocaine accounted for one-tenth of illicit drug use. Of those who used illicit drugs, over half of pregnant and two-thirds of nonpregnant women also used cigarettes and alcohol. Among the sociodemographic subgroups, pregnant and nonpregnant women who were young (18-30 years) or unmarried, and pregnant women with less than high school education had the highest rates of illicit drug use. The continued burden of illicit drug use during pregnancy calls for policy efforts to enable primary care providers to identify and refer women who use substances to treatment and support services. Prevention of uptake of illicit drug use should be an integral part of public health programs for young women. JF - Obstetrics and gynecology AU - Ebrahim, Shahul H AU - Gfroerer, Joseph AD - Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia 30333, USA. sebrahim@cdc.gov Y1 - 2003/02// PY - 2003 DA - February 2003 SP - 374 EP - 379 VL - 101 IS - 2 SN - 0029-7844, 0029-7844 KW - Cocaine KW - I5Y540LHVR KW - Abridged Index Medicus KW - Index Medicus KW - Risk-Taking KW - Humans KW - Infant, Newborn KW - Pregnancy in Adolescence KW - Cannabis -- adverse effects KW - Cocaine -- adverse effects KW - Risk Assessment KW - Age Distribution KW - Population Surveillance KW - Pregnancy KW - Socioeconomic Factors KW - Registries KW - Risk Factors KW - Adult KW - Follow-Up Studies KW - Adolescent KW - United States -- epidemiology KW - Female KW - Substance-Related Disorders -- diagnosis KW - Neonatal Abstinence Syndrome -- epidemiology KW - Pregnancy Complications -- diagnosis KW - Neonatal Abstinence Syndrome -- diagnosis KW - Substance-Related Disorders -- epidemiology KW - Pregnancy Outcome KW - Pregnancy Complications -- epidemiology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/73025509?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=International+Archives+of+Occupational+and+Environmental+Health&rft.atitle=Federal+government+regulation+of+occupational+skin+exposure+in+the+USA&rft.au=Boeniger%2C+M+F%3BAhlers%2C+H+W&rft.aulast=Boeniger&rft.aufirst=M&rft.date=2003-06-01&rft.volume=76&rft.issue=5&rft.spage=387&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=International+Archives+of+Occupational+and+Environmental+Health&rft.issn=03400131&rft_id=info:doi/10.1007%2Fs00420-002-0425-2 LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 2003-03-12 N1 - Date created - 2003-02-10 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Medication-induced emergency hospitalizations for psychiatric disorders among older adults in the US. AN - 72999527; 12571830 JF - International journal of geriatric psychiatry AU - Chapman, Daniel P AU - Currier, Glenn W AU - Miller, Joan K AU - Anda, Robert F AD - Division of Adult and Community Health, National Center for Chronic Disease Prevention and Health Promotion, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, 4770 Buford Highway NE, Mailstop K-67, Atlanta, GA 30341, USA. dpc2@cdc.gov Y1 - 2003/02// PY - 2003 DA - February 2003 SP - 185 EP - 186 VL - 18 IS - 2 SN - 0885-6230, 0885-6230 KW - Psychotropic Drugs KW - 0 KW - Index Medicus KW - United States KW - Humans KW - Emergencies KW - Aged KW - Mental Disorders -- drug therapy KW - Psychotropic Drugs -- adverse effects KW - Hospitalization -- statistics & numerical data UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/72999527?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=International+journal+of+geriatric+psychiatry&rft.atitle=Medication-induced+emergency+hospitalizations+for+psychiatric+disorders+among+older+adults+in+the+US.&rft.au=Chapman%2C+Daniel+P%3BCurrier%2C+Glenn+W%3BMiller%2C+Joan+K%3BAnda%2C+Robert+F&rft.aulast=Chapman&rft.aufirst=Daniel&rft.date=2003-02-01&rft.volume=18&rft.issue=2&rft.spage=185&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=International+journal+of+geriatric+psychiatry&rft.issn=08856230&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 2003-03-21 N1 - Date created - 2003-02-06 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Cytokine polymorphisms in chronic inflammatory diseases with reference to occupational diseases. AN - 72983443; 12558073 AB - Genes which encode inflammatory cytokines are subject to polymorphisms in their regulatory regions that may effect both the level and ratio of cytokines produced in response to exogenous stimuli. These variant alleles are observed in a large percent of the population and are often associated with increased or decreased susceptibility or severity (modifiers) to infectious, immune or inflammatory diseases. Environmental factors can also play either a direct (i.e., causative factor) or indirect (modifying factor) role in these diseases. Thus, it would follow that gene-environment interactions would effect the expression and/or progression of the disease. In the present review, the concept that some of the common allelic variants found in cytokine genes represent modifying factors in chronic inflammatory diseases associated with occupational exposure is discussed. JF - Current molecular medicine AU - Yucesoy, Berran AU - Kashon, Michael L AU - Luster, Michael I AD - Ankara University, Faculty of Pharmacy, Department of Toxicology, 06100, Tandogan-Ankara, Turkey. BYucesoy@cdc.gov Y1 - 2003/02// PY - 2003 DA - February 2003 SP - 39 EP - 48 VL - 3 IS - 1 SN - 1566-5240, 1566-5240 KW - Cytokines KW - 0 KW - Interleukins KW - Transforming Growth Factor beta KW - Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha KW - Index Medicus KW - Genotype KW - Animals KW - Humans KW - Chronic Disease KW - Genetic Predisposition to Disease KW - Transforming Growth Factor beta -- genetics KW - Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha -- genetics KW - Interleukins -- genetics KW - Occupational Diseases -- genetics KW - Cytokines -- genetics KW - Polymorphism, Genetic KW - Inflammation -- genetics UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/72983443?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Current+molecular+medicine&rft.atitle=Cytokine+polymorphisms+in+chronic+inflammatory+diseases+with+reference+to+occupational+diseases.&rft.au=Yucesoy%2C+Berran%3BKashon%2C+Michael+L%3BLuster%2C+Michael+I&rft.aulast=Yucesoy&rft.aufirst=Berran&rft.date=2003-02-01&rft.volume=3&rft.issue=1&rft.spage=39&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Current+molecular+medicine&rft.issn=15665240&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 2003-07-15 N1 - Date created - 2003-01-31 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Clinical features that discriminate inhalational anthrax from other acute respiratory illnesses. AN - 72968989; 12539075 AB - Inhalational anthrax (IA) is a rapidly progressive disease that frequently results in sepsis and death, and prompt recognition is critical. To distinguish IA from other causes of acute respiratory illness, patients who had IA were compared with patients in an ambulatory clinic who had influenza-like illness (ILI) and with hospitalized patients who had community-acquired pneumonia (CAP) at the initial health care visit. Compared with patients who had ILI, patients who had IA were more likely to have tachycardia, high hematocrit, and low albumin and sodium levels and were less likely to have myalgias, headache, and nasal symptoms. Scoring systems were devised to compare IA with ILI or CAP on the basis of strength of association. For ILI, a score of > or =4 captured all 11 patients with IA and excluded 664 (96.1%) of 691 patients with ILI. Compared with patients who had CAP, patients with IA were more likely to have nausea or vomiting, tachycardia, high transaminase levels, low sodium levels, and normal white blood cell counts. For CAP, a score of > or =3 captured 9 (81.8%) of 11 patients with IA and excluded 528 (81.2%) of 650 patients with CAP. In conclusion, selected clinical features of patients with IA differ from those of patients with ILI and are more similar to those of patients with CAP. JF - Clinical infectious diseases : an official publication of the Infectious Diseases Society of America AU - Kuehnert, Matthew J AU - Doyle, Timothy J AU - Hill, Holly A AU - Bridges, Carolyn B AU - Jernigan, John A AU - Dull, Peter M AU - Reissman, Dori B AU - Ashford, David A AU - Jernigan, Daniel B AD - Division of Healthcare Quality Promotion, National Center for Infectious Diseases, Atlanta, GA 30333, USA. mkuehnert@cdc.gov Y1 - 2003/02/01/ PY - 2003 DA - 2003 Feb 01 SP - 328 EP - 336 VL - 36 IS - 3 KW - Albumins KW - 0 KW - Index Medicus KW - Albumins -- metabolism KW - Acute Disease KW - Inhalation Exposure KW - Humans KW - Hematocrit KW - Middle Aged KW - Tachycardia -- etiology KW - Headache -- etiology KW - Respiratory Tract Infections -- metabolism KW - Anthrax -- physiopathology KW - Respiratory Tract Infections -- physiopathology KW - Respiratory Tract Infections -- pathology KW - Anthrax -- pathology KW - Anthrax -- metabolism UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/72968989?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Clinical+infectious+diseases+%3A+an+official+publication+of+the+Infectious+Diseases+Society+of+America&rft.atitle=Clinical+features+that+discriminate+inhalational+anthrax+from+other+acute+respiratory+illnesses.&rft.au=Kuehnert%2C+Matthew+J%3BDoyle%2C+Timothy+J%3BHill%2C+Holly+A%3BBridges%2C+Carolyn+B%3BJernigan%2C+John+A%3BDull%2C+Peter+M%3BReissman%2C+Dori+B%3BAshford%2C+David+A%3BJernigan%2C+Daniel+B&rft.aulast=Kuehnert&rft.aufirst=Matthew&rft.date=2003-02-01&rft.volume=36&rft.issue=3&rft.spage=328&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Clinical+infectious+diseases+%3A+an+official+publication+of+the+Infectious+Diseases+Society+of+America&rft.issn=1537-6591&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 2003-02-07 N1 - Date created - 2003-01-22 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Concentrations of nine alkenylbenzenes, coumarin, piperonal and pulegone in Indian bidi cigarette tobacco. AN - 72885715; 12480305 AB - Indian-made bidi cigarettes sold in the United States are available in a variety of exotic (e.g. clove, mango) and candy-like (e.g. chocolate, raspberry) flavors. Because certain tobacco flavorings contain alkenylbenzenes and other toxic or carcinogenic chemicals, we measured the concentration of flavor-related compounds in bidi tobacco using a previously developed method. Twenty-three brands of bidis were sampled using automated headspace solid-phase microextraction and subsequently analyzed for 12 compounds by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry. Two alkenylbenzene compounds, trans-anethole and eugenol, were found in greater than 90% of the brands analyzed. Methyleugenol, pulegone and estragole were each detected in 30% or more of the brands, whereas safrole and elemicin were not detected in any of the brands. The flavor-related compounds with the highest tobacco concentrations were eugenol (12,000 microg/g tobacco) and trans-anethole (2200 microg/g tobacco). The highest eugenol and trans-anethole concentrations found in bidi tobacco were about 70,000 and 7500 times greater, respectively, than the highest levels previously found in US cigarette brands. Measurement of these compounds is crucial to evaluation of potential risks associated with inhaling highly concentrated flavor-related compounds from bidis or other tobacco products. JF - Food and chemical toxicology : an international journal published for the British Industrial Biological Research Association AU - Stanfill, S B AU - Calafat, A M AU - Brown, C R AU - Polzin, G M AU - Chiang, J M AU - Watson, C H AU - Ashley, D L AD - Department of Health and Human Services, Division of Laboratory Sciences, Emergency Response and Air Toxicants Branch, US Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Mailstop F-19, 4770 Buford Highway, Atlanta, GA 30341-3719, USA. sstanfill@cdc.gov Y1 - 2003/02// PY - 2003 DA - February 2003 SP - 303 EP - 317 VL - 41 IS - 2 SN - 0278-6915, 0278-6915 KW - Anisoles KW - 0 KW - Benzaldehydes KW - Benzodioxoles KW - Coumarins KW - Flavoring Agents KW - Monoterpenes KW - Eugenol KW - 3T8H1794QW KW - pulegone KW - 4LF2673R3G KW - coumarin KW - A4VZ22K1WT KW - piperonal KW - KE109YAK00 KW - anethole KW - Q3JEK5DO4K KW - Index Medicus KW - Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry KW - Flavoring Agents -- analysis KW - India KW - Benzaldehydes -- analysis KW - Tobacco -- chemistry KW - Monoterpenes -- analysis KW - Eugenol -- analysis KW - Coumarins -- analysis KW - Anisoles -- analysis UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/72885715?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Food+and+chemical+toxicology+%3A+an+international+journal+published+for+the+British+Industrial+Biological+Research+Association&rft.atitle=Concentrations+of+nine+alkenylbenzenes%2C+coumarin%2C+piperonal+and+pulegone+in+Indian+bidi+cigarette+tobacco.&rft.au=Stanfill%2C+S+B%3BCalafat%2C+A+M%3BBrown%2C+C+R%3BPolzin%2C+G+M%3BChiang%2C+J+M%3BWatson%2C+C+H%3BAshley%2C+D+L&rft.aulast=Stanfill&rft.aufirst=S&rft.date=2003-02-01&rft.volume=41&rft.issue=2&rft.spage=303&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Food+and+chemical+toxicology+%3A+an+international+journal+published+for+the+British+Industrial+Biological+Research+Association&rft.issn=02786915&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 2003-02-04 N1 - Date created - 2002-12-13 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Leaving Sex Work: Barriers, Facilitating Factors and Consequences for Female Sex Workers in Northern Thailand AN - 61540387; 200304303 AB - Factors facilitating or inhibiting women's ability to leave sex work are still poorly characterized, & little is known about women's lives after they leave the profession. This paper presents findings from a qualitative study about factors affecting women's ability to leave sex work & influencing their lives after leaving. We interviewed 42 current & former female sex workers (FSWs) drawn from a cohort study of 500 FSWs in northern Thailand. All but one of the participants had quit sex work at least once. The majority experienced one or more quit-reentry-quit cycles. Women's ability & decisions to leave sex work were determined primarily by four factors: economic situation, relationship with a steady partner, attitudes toward sex work, & HIV/AIDS experience. Economic concerns, ranging from survival needs to materialistic desires, had the strongest influence. Most women perceived their risk for HIV infection to be lower after leaving sex work, but three of the 17 HIV-infected women acquired infection after having left, presumably from their steady partners. Prevention efforts should guide women as they transition out of commercial sex work. Interventions aimed at assisting women wanting to leave sex work need to address the role of economic factors. 1 Table, 1 Figure, 32 References. Adapted from the source document. JF - AIDS Care AU - Manopaiboon, C AU - Bunnell, R E AU - Kilmarx, P H AU - Chaikummao, S AU - Limpakarnjanarat, K AU - Supawitkul, S AU - St Louis, M E AU - Mastro, T D AD - Thailand MOPH-US CDC Collaboration, Ministry Public Health, Nonthaburi cfm9@cdc.gov Y1 - 2003/02// PY - 2003 DA - February 2003 SP - 39 EP - 52 VL - 15 IS - 1 SN - 0954-0121, 0954-0121 KW - Economic Factors KW - Work Attitudes KW - Economic Problems KW - Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndrome KW - Thailand KW - Interpersonal Relations KW - Prostitution KW - Females KW - article KW - 6126: acquired immune deficiency syndrome (AIDS) UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/61540387?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Asocialservices&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=AIDS+Care&rft.atitle=Leaving+Sex+Work%3A+Barriers%2C+Facilitating+Factors+and+Consequences+for+Female+Sex+Workers+in+Northern+Thailand&rft.au=Manopaiboon%2C+C%3BBunnell%2C+R+E%3BKilmarx%2C+P+H%3BChaikummao%2C+S%3BLimpakarnjanarat%2C+K%3BSupawitkul%2C+S%3BSt+Louis%2C+M+E%3BMastro%2C+T+D&rft.aulast=Manopaiboon&rft.aufirst=C&rft.date=2003-02-01&rft.volume=15&rft.issue=1&rft.spage=39&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=AIDS+Care&rft.issn=09540121&rft_id=info:doi/10.1080012021000039743 LA - English DB - Social Services Abstracts N1 - Date revised - 2007-05-01 N1 - Last updated - 2016-09-28 N1 - CODEN - AIDCEF N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Prostitution; Females; Thailand; Economic Problems; Interpersonal Relations; Work Attitudes; Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndrome; Economic Factors DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1080012021000039743 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Urinary Levels of Trichloroacetic Acid, a Disinfection By-Product in Chlorinated Drinking Water, in a Human Reference Population AN - 19397400; 5707907 AB - Trichloroacetic acid (TCAA), a known mouse liver carcinogen and a possible human carcinogen, is found in chlorinated drinking water. We measured TCAA in archived urine samples from a reference population of 402 adults using isotope-dilution high-performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry. TCAA was detected in 76% of the samples examined at concentrations ranging from < 0.5 mu g TCAA/L to more than 25 mu g/L; the 90th percentile concentration was 23 mu g/L (22 mu g TCAA/g creatinine); and the geometric mean and median concentrations were 2.9 pg/L (2.6 mu g/g creatinine) and 3.3 mu g/L (3.2 mu g/g creatinine), respectively. The frequency of detection of TCAA in urban areas was higher than in rural areas (p = 0.00007), and sex and place of residence (i.e., urban vs. rural) were found to have a significant interaction in modulating the levels of TCAA (p = 0.012). Urban residents had higher mean levels of TCAA (men, 5.3 mu g/L, 3.8 mu g/g creatinine; women, 2.9 mu g/L, 2.8 mu g/g creatinine) than did rural residents (men, 2.2 mu g/L, 1.7 mu g/g creatinine; women, 2.6 mu g/L, 2.7 mu g/g creatinine). The higher frequency of detection of TCAA in urban than in rural areas and higher levels of TCAA among urban than among rural residents may reflect the fact that urban residents use primarily chlorinated water from public water supplies, whereas those in rural areas are more likely to obtain water from private wells, which typically are not chlorinated. JF - Environmental Health Perspectives AU - Calafat, A M AU - Kuklenyik, Z AU - Caudill, S P AU - Ashley, D L AD - Division of Laboratory Sciences, National Center for Environmental Health, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, 4770 Buford Highway NE, Mailstop F17, Atlanta, GA 30341, USA, aic7@cdc.gov Y1 - 2003/02// PY - 2003 DA - Feb 2003 SP - 151 EP - 154 PB - NIH, Government Printing Office VL - 111 IS - 2 SN - 0091-6765, 0091-6765 KW - man KW - trichloroacetic acid KW - Aqualine Abstracts; Toxicology Abstracts; Water Resources Abstracts; Pollution Abstracts; Health & Safety Science Abstracts KW - Water Supply (Potable) KW - Mass Spectrometry KW - Disinfection KW - Potable Water KW - Byproducts KW - Carcinogens KW - Carcinogenic substances KW - Trichloroacetic acid KW - Rural Areas KW - Public health KW - Public Health KW - Drinking Water KW - Water treatment KW - Water Treatment KW - Urban environments KW - Weedkiller KW - Urine KW - Acids KW - Rural environments KW - Liver KW - Chlorination KW - Drinking water KW - H 6000:Natural Disasters/Civil Defense/Emergency Management KW - X 24120:Food, additives & contaminants KW - SW 2060:Effects on water of human nonwater activities KW - AQ 00004:Water Treatment KW - P 6000:TOXICOLOGY AND HEALTH UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/19397400?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aaqualine&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Environmental+Health+Perspectives&rft.atitle=Urinary+Levels+of+Trichloroacetic+Acid%2C+a+Disinfection+By-Product+in+Chlorinated+Drinking+Water%2C+in+a+Human+Reference+Population&rft.au=Calafat%2C+A+M%3BKuklenyik%2C+Z%3BCaudill%2C+S+P%3BAshley%2C+D+L&rft.aulast=Calafat&rft.aufirst=A&rft.date=2003-02-01&rft.volume=111&rft.issue=2&rft.spage=151&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Environmental+Health+Perspectives&rft.issn=00916765&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2007-01-01 N1 - Last updated - 2015-04-01 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Disinfection; Urine; Byproducts; Rural environments; Chlorination; Drinking water; Trichloroacetic acid; Urban environments; Water treatment; Carcinogens; Public health; Water Supply (Potable); Drinking Water; Public Health; Potable Water; Water Treatment; Weedkiller; Carcinogenic substances; Mass Spectrometry; Acids; Liver; Rural Areas ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Physical activity levels among the general US adult population and in adults with and without arthritis AN - 19396528; 5626917 JF - Arthritis Care and Research AU - Hootman, J M AU - Macera, CA AU - Ham, SA AU - Helmick, C G AU - Sniezek, JE AD - Arthritis Program Division of Adult and Community Health, National Center for Chronic Disease Prevention and Health Promotion, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, 4770 Buford Highway NE, Mailstop K-45, Atlanta, GA 30341, USA, jhootman@cdc.gov Y1 - 2003/02// PY - 2003 DA - Feb 2003 SP - 129 EP - 135 VL - 49 IS - 1 SN - 0893-7524, 0893-7524 KW - Physical Education Index KW - Arthritis KW - Exercise KW - Adults KW - PE 030:Exercise, Health & Physical Fitness UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/19396528?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aphysicaleducation&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Arthritis+Care+and+Research&rft.atitle=Physical+activity+levels+among+the+general+US+adult+population+and+in+adults+with+and+without+arthritis&rft.au=Hootman%2C+J+M%3BMacera%2C+CA%3BHam%2C+SA%3BHelmick%2C+C+G%3BSniezek%2C+JE&rft.aulast=Hootman&rft.aufirst=J&rft.date=2003-02-01&rft.volume=49&rft.issue=1&rft.spage=129&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Arthritis+Care+and+Research&rft.issn=08937524&rft_id=info:doi/10.1002%2Fart.10911 LA - English DB - Physical Education Index N1 - Date revised - 2007-05-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Adults; Arthritis; Exercise DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/art.10911 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Occupational silica exposure and risk of various diseases: an analysis using death certificates from 27 states of the United States AN - 19221908; 5798415 AB - Background: Although crystalline silica exposure is associated with silicosis, lung cancer, pulmonary tuberculosis, and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), there is less support for an association with autoimmune disease, and renal disease. Methods: Using data from the US National Occupational Mortality Surveillance (NOMS) system, a matched case-control design was employed to examine each of several diseases (including silicosis, lung cancer, stomach cancer, oesophageal cancer, COPD, pulmonary tuberculosis, sarcoidosis, systemic lupus erythematosus, systemic sclerosis, rheumatoid arthritis, and various types of renal disease). Cases were subjects whose death certificate mentioned the disease of interest. A separate control group for each of the diseases of interest was selected from among subjects whose death certificate did not mention the disease of interest or any of several diseases reported to be associated with crystalline silica exposure. Subjects were assigned into a qualitative crystalline silica exposure category based on the industry/occupation pairing found on their death certificate. We also investigated whether silicotics had a higher risk of disease compared to those without silicosis. Results: Those postulated to have had detectable crystalline silica exposure had a significantly increased risk for silicosis, COPD, pulmonary tuberculosis, and rheumatoid arthritis. In addition, a significant trend of increasing risk with increasing silica exposure was observed for these same conditions and for lung cancer. Those postulated to have had the greatest crystalline silica exposure had a significantly increased risk for silicosis, lung cancer, COPD, and pulmonary tuberculosis only. Finally, those with silicosis had a significantly increased risk for COPD, pulmonary tuberculosis, and rheumatoid arthritis. Conclusions: This study corroborates the association between crystalline silica exposure and silicosis, lung cancer, COPD, and pulmonary tuberculosis. In addition, support is provided for an association between crystalline silica exposure and rheumatoid arthritis. JF - Occupational and Environmental Medicine AU - Calvert, G M AU - Rice, F L AU - Boiano, J M AU - Sheehy, J W AU - Sanderson, W T AD - National Institute for Occupational Safety & Health, 4676 Columbia Parkway, R-21, Cincinnati, OH 45226, USA, JAC6@CDC.GOV Y1 - 2003/02// PY - 2003 DA - Feb 2003 SP - 122 EP - 129 VL - 60 IS - 2 SN - 1351-0711, 1351-0711 KW - chronic obstructive pulmonary disease KW - rheumatoid arthritis KW - silica KW - silicosis KW - tuberculosis KW - Health & Safety Science Abstracts KW - Risk assessment KW - USA KW - Respiratory diseases KW - Occupational exposure KW - Lung cancer KW - H 1000:Occupational Safety and Health UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/19221908?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Ahealthsafetyabstracts&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Occupational+and+Environmental+Medicine&rft.atitle=Occupational+silica+exposure+and+risk+of+various+diseases%3A+an+analysis+using+death+certificates+from+27+states+of+the+United+States&rft.au=Calvert%2C+G+M%3BRice%2C+F+L%3BBoiano%2C+J+M%3BSheehy%2C+J+W%3BSanderson%2C+W+T&rft.aulast=Calvert&rft.aufirst=G&rft.date=2003-02-01&rft.volume=60&rft.issue=2&rft.spage=122&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Occupational+and+Environmental+Medicine&rft.issn=13510711&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - USA; Occupational exposure; Risk assessment; Respiratory diseases; Lung cancer ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Prevalence of hepatitis A virus infection among sewage workers in Georgia AN - 18829980; 5725449 AB - Background Wastewater (WW) workers could have opportunity for direct contact with raw sewage, which might contain hepatitis A virus (HAV). Methods A serologic survey of WW workers and a comparison population of roads and drainage workers (RD). Factors potentially associated with anti-HAV positivity were evaluated in univariate and multivariate analyses. Results Among the 365 WW workers, overall anti-HAV prevalence was 38%, similar to that (35%) of the 166 RD workers (P = 0.5). Prevalence varied by wastewater job type from 45% among the 164 field crew workers to 32% among the 201 treatment plant workers. In multivariate modeling, factors associated with anti-HAV positivity included age greater than or equal to 40 years (odds ratio [OR] = 2.4; 95% CI = 1.6-3.7), black compared to other races (OR = 2.4; 95% CI = 1.5-3.8), birth outside the United States (OR = 7.5; 95% CI = 3.0-18.6), a high school education or less (OR 2.1; 95% CI = 1.4-3.2) and work on the field crew compared to RD work (OR 1.6; 95% CI = 1.1-2.4). Conclusions These results are consistent with no or a small increased risk of hepatitis A among WW workers, and do not provide a clear mandate for hepatitis A vaccination of these workers. JF - American Journal of Industrial Medicine AU - Venczel, L AU - Brown, S AU - Frumkin, H AU - Simmonds-Diaz, J AU - Deitchman, S AU - Bell, B P AD - Division of Viral Hepatitis, MS G-37, CDC, 1600 Clifton Rd., Atlanta, GA 30333, USA Y1 - 2003/02// PY - 2003 DA - Feb 2003 SP - 172 EP - 178 VL - 43 IS - 2 SN - 0271-3586, 0271-3586 KW - hepatitis A KW - Virology & AIDS Abstracts; Health & Safety Science Abstracts KW - V 22123:Epidemiology KW - H 1000:Occupational Safety and Health UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/18829980?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Ahealthsafetyabstracts&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=American+Journal+of+Industrial+Medicine&rft.atitle=Prevalence+of+hepatitis+A+virus+infection+among+sewage+workers+in+Georgia&rft.au=Venczel%2C+L%3BBrown%2C+S%3BFrumkin%2C+H%3BSimmonds-Diaz%2C+J%3BDeitchman%2C+S%3BBell%2C+B+P&rft.aulast=Venczel&rft.aufirst=L&rft.date=2003-02-01&rft.volume=43&rft.issue=2&rft.spage=172&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=American+Journal+of+Industrial+Medicine&rft.issn=02713586&rft_id=info:doi/10.1002%2Fajim.10174 LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ajim.10174 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Bartonella Strains from Ground Squirrels Are Identical to Bartonella washoensis Isolated from a Human Patient AN - 18670507; 5563631 AB - The most likely animal source of a human case of cardiac disease in Washoe County, Nev., was identified by comparison of DNA sequences of three genes (citrate synthase gltA, 60-kDa heat shock protein gene groEL, and 16S rRNA gene) of Bartonella washoensis cultured from the human patient in question and of Bartonella isolates obtained from the following Nevada rodents: Peromyscus maniculatus (17 isolates), Tamias minimus (11 isolates), Spermophilus lateralis (3 isolates), and Spermophilus beecheyi (7 isolates). Sequence analyses of gltA amplicons obtained from Bartonella from the rodents demonstrated considerable heterogeneity and resulted in the identification of 16 genetic variants that were clustered within three groups in phylogenetic analysis. Each of the three groups was associated with a rodent genus, Peromyscus, Tamias, or Spermophilus. The gltA, 16S rRNA gene, and groEL sequences of a Bartonella isolate obtained from a California ground squirrel (S. beecheyi) were completely identical to homologous sequences of B. washoensis, strongly suggesting that these animals were the source of infection in the human case. JF - Journal of Clinical Microbiology AU - Kosoy, M AU - Murray, M AU - Gilmore., RD Jr AU - Bai, Y AU - Gage, K L AD - Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, NCID/DVBID, P.O. Box 2087, Rampart Rd., Fort Collins, CO 80522, mkosoy@cdc.gov Y1 - 2003/02// PY - 2003 DA - Feb 2003 SP - 645 EP - 650 PB - American Society for Microbiology, 1752 N Street N.W. Washington, DC 20036 USA, [URL:http://www.asm.org/] VL - 41 IS - 2 SN - 0095-1137, 0095-1137 KW - California ground squirrel KW - case reports KW - gltA gene KW - groEL gene KW - nucleotide sequence KW - Microbiology Abstracts B: Bacteriology KW - J 02855:Human Bacteriology: Others UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/18670507?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologyb&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Clinical+Microbiology&rft.atitle=Bartonella+Strains+from+Ground+Squirrels+Are+Identical+to+Bartonella+washoensis+Isolated+from+a+Human+Patient&rft.au=Kosoy%2C+M%3BMurray%2C+M%3BGilmore.%2C+RD+Jr%3BBai%2C+Y%3BGage%2C+K+L&rft.aulast=Kosoy&rft.aufirst=M&rft.date=2003-02-01&rft.volume=41&rft.issue=2&rft.spage=645&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+Clinical+Microbiology&rft.issn=00951137&rft_id=info:doi/10.1128%2FJCM.41.2.645-650.2003 LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/JCM.41.2.645-650.2003 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Comparison of PCR Assays for Detection of the Agent of Human Granulocytic Ehrlichiosis, Anaplasma phagocytophilum AN - 18660783; 5563651 AB - Human granulocytic ehrlichiosis is an emerging infectious disease in the United States and Europe, and PCR methods have been shown to be effective for the diagnosis of acute infections. Numerous PCR assays and primer sets have been reported in the literature. The analytical sensitivities (limits of detection) of 13 published PCR primer sets were compared using DNA extracted from serial dilutions of Anaplasma phagocytophilum-infected HL-60 cells. The specificity of the assays that were able to detect <= 2.5 infected cells was tested by the use of template DNA extracted from Ehrlichia chaffeensis, Rickettsia rickettsii, and Bartonella henselae. The assays with the lowest limits of detection were shown to be a nested assay that amplifies the 16S rRNA gene (primer pairs ge3a-ge10 (primary) and ge9-ge3 (nested); detects 0.25 infected cell), a direct assay that amplifies the major surface protein gene msp2 (primer pair msp2-3f-msp2-3r; detects 0.25 infected cell), and a direct assay that amplifies the 16S rRNA gene (primer pair ehr521-ehr790; detects 0.25 infected cell). The specificity and limit of detection of the MSP2 and 16S rRNA direct assays were further tested by use of A. phagocytophilum template DNA from both North America and Europe and from human, tick, white-footed mouse, equine, deer, bovine, and wood rat samples and of template DNA from closely related species (Anaplasma marginale, the white-tailed deer agent, and additional E. chaffeensis-positive samples). Three manufacturers' PCR kits were tested and showed distinct variations in the limit of detection, specificity, and nonspecific background amplification. The importance of these results for the molecular diagnosis of human granulocytic ehrlichiosis is discussed. JF - Journal of Clinical Microbiology AU - Massung, R F AU - Slater, K G AD - Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, 1600 Clifton Rd., MS G-13, Atlanta, GA 30333, rfm2@cdc.gov Y1 - 2003/02// PY - 2003 DA - Feb 2003 SP - 717 EP - 722 PB - American Society for Microbiology, 1752 N Street N.W. Washington, DC 20036 USA, [URL:http://www.asm.org/] VL - 41 IS - 2 SN - 0095-1137, 0095-1137 KW - HL-60 cells KW - MSP2 protein KW - msp2 gene KW - Microbiology Abstracts A: Industrial & Applied Microbiology KW - A 01116:Bacteria UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/18660783?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologya&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Clinical+Microbiology&rft.atitle=Comparison+of+PCR+Assays+for+Detection+of+the+Agent+of+Human+Granulocytic+Ehrlichiosis%2C+Anaplasma+phagocytophilum&rft.au=Massung%2C+R+F%3BSlater%2C+K+G&rft.aulast=Massung&rft.aufirst=R&rft.date=2003-02-01&rft.volume=41&rft.issue=2&rft.spage=717&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+Clinical+Microbiology&rft.issn=00951137&rft_id=info:doi/10.1128%2FJCM.41.2.717-722.2003 LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/JCM.41.2.717-722.2003 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Evaluation of Four Commercially Available Rapid Serologic Tests for Diagnosis of Leptospirosis AN - 18660725; 5563640 AB - Four rapid tests for the serologic diagnosis of leptospirosis were evaluated, and the performance of each was compared with that of the current standard, the microscopic agglutination test (MAT). The four rapid tests were a microplate immunoglobulin M (IgM)-enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA), an indirect hemagglutination assay (IHA), an IgM dipstick assay (LDS), and an IgM dot-ELISA dipstick test (DST). A panel of 276 sera from 133 cases of leptospirosis from four different geographic locations was tested as well as 642 sera from normal individuals or individuals with other infectious or autoimmune diseases. Acute-phase sera from cases (n = 148) were collected 15 days after onset (median = 29.1). By a traditional method (two-by-two contingency table), the sensitivities for detection of leptospirosis cases were 93.2% by LDS, 92.5% by DST, 86.5% by ELISA, and 79.0% by IHA. Specificity was 98.8% by DST, 97% by ELISA and MAT, 95.8% by IHA, and 89.6% by LDS. With a latent class analysis (LCA) model that included all the rapid tests and the clinical case definition, sensitivity was 95.5% by DST, 94.5% by LDS, 89.9% by ELISA, and 81.1% by IHA. The sensitivity and specificity estimated by the traditional methods were quite close to the LCA estimates. However, LCA allowed estimation of the sensitivity of the MAT (98.2%), which traditional methods do not allow. For acute-phase sera, sensitivity was 52.7% by LDS, 50.0% by DST, 48.7% by MAT and ELISA, and 38.5% by IHA. The sensitivity for convalescent-phase sera was 93.8% by MAT, 84.4% by DST, 83.6% by LDS, 75.0% by ELISA, and 67.2% by IHA. A good overall correlation with the MAT was obtained for each of the assays, with the highest concordance being with the DST (kappa value, 0.85; 95% confidence interval (CI), 0.8 to 0.90). The best correlation was between ELISA and DST (kappa value, 0.86; 95% CI, 0.81 to 0.91). False- positive LDS results were frequent (=> 20%) in sera from individuals with Epstein-Barr virus, human immunodeficiency virus, and periodontal disease and from healthy volunteers. The ease of use and significantly high sensitivity and specificity of DST and ELISA make these good choices for diagnostic testing. JF - Journal of Clinical Microbiology AU - Bajani, MD AU - Ashford, DA AU - Bragg, S L AU - Woods, C W AU - Aye, T AU - Spiegel, R A AU - Plikaytis, B D AU - Perkins, BA AU - Phelan, M AU - Levett, P N AU - Weyant, R S AD - Meningitis and Special Pathogens Branch, Division of Bacterial and Mycotic Diseases, National Center for Infectious Diseases, M/S G-34, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, 1600 Clifton Rd., Atlanta, GA 30333, mkb9@cdc.gov Y1 - 2003/02// PY - 2003 DA - Feb 2003 SP - 803 EP - 809 PB - American Society for Microbiology, 1752 N Street N.W. Washington, DC 20036 USA, [URL:http://www.asm.org/] VL - 41 IS - 2 SN - 0095-1137, 0095-1137 KW - man KW - Microbiology Abstracts A: Industrial & Applied Microbiology KW - A 01116:Bacteria UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/18660725?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologya&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Clinical+Microbiology&rft.atitle=Evaluation+of+Four+Commercially+Available+Rapid+Serologic+Tests+for+Diagnosis+of+Leptospirosis&rft.au=Bajani%2C+MD%3BAshford%2C+DA%3BBragg%2C+S+L%3BWoods%2C+C+W%3BAye%2C+T%3BSpiegel%2C+R+A%3BPlikaytis%2C+B+D%3BPerkins%2C+BA%3BPhelan%2C+M%3BLevett%2C+P+N%3BWeyant%2C+R+S&rft.aulast=Bajani&rft.aufirst=MD&rft.date=2003-02-01&rft.volume=41&rft.issue=2&rft.spage=803&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+Clinical+Microbiology&rft.issn=00951137&rft_id=info:doi/10.1128%2FJCM.41.2.803-809.2003 LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/JCM.41.2.803-809.2003 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Molecular Genetic Analysis of a Group A Streptococcus Operon Encoding Serum Opacity Factor and a Novel Fibronectin-Binding Protein, SfbX AN - 17038063; 5562957 AB - The group A Streptococcus (GAS) sof gene encodes the serum opacity factor protein, which is capable of opacifying mammalian sera and binding at least two host proteins, fibronectin and fibrinogen. The sof gene exists in approximately 50% of clinical isolates, and there is a classical association of so-called nephritogenic strains with the opacity factor-positive phenotype. In both a type emm49 strain and a type emm12 strain, the sequences upstream of the 5' end of sof and downstream of the putative terminator were determined to be nearly identical to a region in the M type 1 genome approximately 10 kb upstream of the emm1 gene. This close genetic linkage is likely reflected in the strict correlation of opacity factor phenotype with specific emm genotypes. A new fibronectin-binding protein gene, sfbX, was discovered immediately downstream of sof in emm12 and emm49 strains and in several other sof-positive strains. The sof and sfbX genes were found to be expressed on the same transcription unit, which was correlated with the putative promoter and rho-independant terminator sequences that flank these two genes. The sfbX genes from different emm types are predicted to encode ~ 650-residue surface-bound proteins sharing 89 to 92% sequence identity. SfbX residues approximately 1 to 480 are not highly similar to those of other known proteins, with the closest match being the Staphylococcus aureus coagulase protein. The remaining portions of these proteins (residues 481 to 650) contain four putative fibronectin-binding repeats highly similar to those of other streptococcal fibronectin-binding proteins and a potential LP(X)SG cell wall anchor motif. Targeted in-frame allelic-exchange mutagenesis, complementation, and heterologous-expression studies found that serum opacification is encoded by sof alone and that sfbX encodes a fibronectin-binding function. A recombinant SfbX protein was found to bind immobilized fibronectin and to partially inhibit GAS adherence to fibronectin. The sfbX gene was found to be present only in sof-positive strains, and together these genes could influence the spectrum of tissues colonized by sof-positive GAS. JF - Journal of Bacteriology AU - Jeng, A AU - Sakota, V AU - Li, Z AU - Datta, V AU - Beall, B AU - Nizet, V AD - Respiratory Diseases Branch, Division of Bacterial and Mycotic Diseases, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, 1600 Clifton Rd., N.E., MS-C02, Atlanta, GA 30333, bbeall@cdc.gov bbeall@cdc.gov Y1 - 2003/02// PY - 2003 DA - Feb 2003 SP - 1208 EP - 1217 VL - 185 IS - 4 SN - 0021-9193, 0021-9193 KW - SfbX protein KW - fibronectin-binding protein KW - heterologous expression KW - streptococci KW - Microbiology Abstracts B: Bacteriology; Genetics Abstracts KW - G 07320:Bacterial genetics KW - J 02740:Genetics and evolution UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/17038063?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologyb&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Bacteriology&rft.atitle=Molecular+Genetic+Analysis+of+a+Group+A+Streptococcus+Operon+Encoding+Serum+Opacity+Factor+and+a+Novel+Fibronectin-Binding+Protein%2C+SfbX&rft.au=Jeng%2C+A%3BSakota%2C+V%3BLi%2C+Z%3BDatta%2C+V%3BBeall%2C+B%3BNizet%2C+V&rft.aulast=Jeng&rft.aufirst=A&rft.date=2003-02-01&rft.volume=185&rft.issue=4&rft.spage=1208&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+Bacteriology&rft.issn=00219193&rft_id=info:doi/10.1128%2FJB.185.4.1208-1217.2003 LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/JB.185.4.1208-1217.2003 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Contemporary approaches to designing and evaluating vaccines against Chlamydia AN - 1285087064; 16614347 AB - The clinically relevant pathologic consequences of primary ocular, genital, or respiratory human infection by members of the genus Chlamydia are conjunctivitis, cervicitis, urethritis and sinusitis. The major complications and sometimes debilitating evolutionary outcomes of these infections include: trichiasis and cicatrizing trachoma, endometritis or pelvic inflammatory disease and involuntary tubal factor infertility and bronchopulmonary pneumonia. These diseases, in addition to other chlamydia-associated chronic syndromes (e.g., artherosclerosis, multiple sclerosis and Alzheimer's disease), pose serious public healthcare and huge budgetary concerns. The current medical opinion is that an efficacious prophylactic vaccine is a sine qua non - to control the morbidity of chlamydial infection in the human population. The research goal for an efficacious human chlamydial vaccine has faced key challenges to define the elements of protective immunity to facilitate vaccine evaluation, the judicious selection of appropriate vaccine candidates that possess stable antigenic and immunologic properties and the development of effective delivery vehicles and adjuvants to boost immune effectors to achieve long-term protective immunity. Progress in the functional immunobiology of Chlamydia has established the essential immunologic paradigms for vaccine selection and evaluation, including the obligatory requirement for a vaccine to induce T-helper Type 1 immune response that controls chlamydiae. Recent advances in chlamydial genomics and proteomics should enhance the identification of likely chlamydial gene products that fulfill the antigenic requirements of putative vaccine candidates. Major inroads are however needed in the construction and development of novel and effective delivery systems, such as vectors and adjuvants. This review summarizes the status of contemporary chlamydial vaccine research and promising trends fueling the growing optimism for an efficacious vaccine. The unified approach to vaccines for the genus Chlamydia is validated by the several conserved genes and common immunogenic proteins among member species and the similarity of immune effectors controlling Chlamydia species in animals and humans. JF - Expert Review of Vaccines AU - Igietseme, Joseph U AU - Eko, Francis O AU - Black, Carolyn M AD - Biochemistry and Immunology Chief, Molecular Pathogenesis laboratory, National Center for Infectious Disease, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), 1600 Clifton Road, Mailstop C17, Atlanta, GA 30333, USA Y1 - 2003/02// PY - 2003 DA - Feb 2003 SP - 129 EP - 146 PB - Future Science Group (FSG), Unitec House, 2 Albert Place London N3 1QB United Kingdom VL - 2 IS - 1 SN - 1476-0584, 1476-0584 KW - ASFA 3: Aquatic Pollution & Environmental Quality; ASFA 1: Biological Sciences & Living Resources; Microbiology Abstracts B: Bacteriology KW - Chlamydia KW - gram-negative bacteria KW - oculogenital infections KW - respiratory infections KW - Infertility KW - Chlorophylls KW - Symptoms KW - Alzheimer's disease KW - Disease control KW - Gene products KW - Sinusitis KW - Adjuvants KW - Defence mechanisms KW - Morbidity KW - Cervicitis KW - Trachoma KW - Public health KW - Pelvic inflammatory disease KW - genomics KW - Urethritis KW - Endometritis KW - Multiple sclerosis KW - Conjunctivitis KW - Immunity KW - Neurodegenerative diseases KW - Immunogenicity KW - Reviews KW - proteomics KW - Immune response KW - Vaccines KW - Pneumonia KW - Evolution KW - Q1 08484:Species interactions: parasites and diseases KW - J 02350:Immunology KW - Q5 08524:Public health, medicines, dangerous organisms UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/1285087064?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aasfaaquaticpollution&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Expert+Review+of+Vaccines&rft.atitle=Contemporary+approaches+to+designing+and+evaluating+vaccines+against+Chlamydia&rft.au=Igietseme%2C+Joseph+U%3BEko%2C+Francis+O%3BBlack%2C+Carolyn+M&rft.aulast=Igietseme&rft.aufirst=Joseph&rft.date=2003-02-01&rft.volume=30&rft.issue=6&rft.spage=502&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Sexually+Transmitted+Diseases&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2013-02-01 N1 - Last updated - 2014-12-11 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Symptoms; Chlorophylls; Disease control; Gene products; Immunity; Vaccines; Defence mechanisms; Evolution; Public health; Infertility; Endometritis; Multiple sclerosis; Alzheimer's disease; Adjuvants; Conjunctivitis; Sinusitis; Morbidity; Trachoma; Cervicitis; Neurodegenerative diseases; Immunogenicity; Reviews; Pelvic inflammatory disease; Immune response; proteomics; genomics; Pneumonia; Urethritis; Chlamydia DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1586/14760584.2.1.129 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Surveillance for safety after immunization: Vaccine Adverse Event Reporting System (VAERS)--United States, 1991-2001. AN - 73389512; 12825543 AB - Vaccines are usually administered to healthy persons who have substantial expectations for the safety of the vaccines. Adverse events after vaccinations occur but are generally rare. Some adverse events are unlikely to be detected in prelicensure clinical trials because of their low frequency, the limited numbers of enrolled subjects, and other study limitations. Therefore, postmarketing monitoring of adverse events after vaccinations is essential. The cornerstone of monitoring safety is review and analysis of spontaneously reported adverse events. This report summarizes the adverse events reported to the Vaccine Adverse Event Reporting System (VAERS) from January 1, 1991, through December 31, 2001. VAERS was established in 1990 under the joint administration of CDC and the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) to accept reports of suspected adverse events after administration of any vaccine licensed in the United States. VAERS is a passive surveillance system: reports of events are voluntarily submitted by those who experience them, their caregivers, or others. Passive surveillance systems (e.g., VAERS) are subject to multiple limitations, including underreporting, reporting of temporal associations or unconfirmed diagnoses, and lack of denominator data and unbiased comparison groups. Because of these limitations, determining causal associations between vaccines and adverse events from VAERS reports is usually not possible. Vaccine safety concerns identified through adverse event monitoring nearly always require confirmation using an epidemiologic or other (e.g., laboratory) study. Reports may be submitted by anyone suspecting that an adverse event might have been caused by vaccination and are usually submitted by mail or fax. A web-based electronic reporting system has recently become available. Information from the reports is entered into the VAERS database, and new reports are analyzed weekly. VAERS data stripped of personal identifiers can be reviewed by the public by accessing http://www.vaers.org. The objectives of VAERS are to 1) detect new, unusual, or rare vaccine adverse events; 2) monitor increases in known adverse events; 3) determine patient risk factors for particular types of adverse events; 4) identify vaccine lots with increased numbers or types of reported adverse events; and 5) assess the safety of newly licensed vaccines. During 1991-2001, VAERS received 128,717 reports, whereas >1.9 billion net doses of human vaccines were distributed. The overall dose-based reporting rate for the 27 frequently reported vaccine types was 11.4 reports per 100,000 net doses distributed. The proportions of reports in the age groups /= years were 18.1%, 26.7%, 8.0%, 32.6%, and 4.9%, respectively. In all of the adult age groups, a predominance among the number of women reporting was observed, but the difference in sex was minimal among children. Overall, the most commonly reported adverse event was fever, which appeared in 25.8% of all reports, followed by injection-site hypersensitivity (15.8%), rash (unspecified) (11.0%), injection-site edema (10.8%), and vasodilatation (10.8%). A total of 14.2% of all reports described serious adverse events, which by regulatory definition include death, life-threatening illness, hospitalization or prolongation of hospitalization, or permanent disability. Examples of the uses of VAERS data for vaccine safety surveillance are included in this report. As a national public health surveillance system, VAERS is a key component in ensuring the safety of vaccines. VAERS data are used by CDC, FDA, and other organizations to monitor and study vaccine safety. CDC and FDA use VAERS data to respond to public inquiries regarding vaccine safety, and both organizations have published and presented vaccine safety studies based on VAERS data. VAERS data are also used by the Advisory Committee on Immunization Practices and the Vaccine and Related Biological Products Advisory Committee to evaluate possible adverse events after vaccinations and to develop recommendations for precautions and contraindications to vaccinations. Reviews of VAERS reports and the studies based on VAERS reports during 1991-2001 have demonstrated that vaccines are usually safe and that serious adverse events occur but are rare. Through continued reporting of adverse events after vaccination to VAERS by health-care providers, public health professionals, and the public and monitoring of reported events by the VAERS working group, the public health system will continue to be able to detect rare but potentially serious consequences of vaccination. This knowledge facilitates improvement in the safety of vaccines and the vaccination process. JF - Morbidity and mortality weekly report. Surveillance summaries (Washington, D.C. : 2002) AU - Zhou, Weigong AU - Pool, Vitali AU - Iskander, John K AU - English-Bullard, Roseanne AU - Ball, Robert AU - Wise, Robert P AU - Haber, Penina AU - Pless, Robert P AU - Mootrey, Gina AU - Ellenberg, Susan S AU - Braun, M Miles AU - Chen, Robert T AD - Epidemic Intelligence Service Program, Epidemiology Program Office, CDC, USA. Y1 - 2003/01/24/ PY - 2003 DA - 2003 Jan 24 SP - 1 EP - 24 VL - 52 IS - 1 SN - 1546-0738, 1546-0738 KW - Vaccines KW - 0 KW - Index Medicus KW - Guillain-Barre Syndrome -- etiology KW - Humans KW - Aged KW - Child KW - Guillain-Barre Syndrome -- epidemiology KW - Child, Preschool KW - Infant KW - Adverse Drug Reaction Reporting Systems KW - Adult KW - Databases, Factual KW - Intussusception -- etiology KW - Middle Aged KW - Adolescent KW - United States -- epidemiology KW - Male KW - Intussusception -- epidemiology KW - Female KW - Vaccines -- adverse effects UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/73389512?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Morbidity+and+mortality+weekly+report.+Surveillance+summaries+%28Washington%2C+D.C.+%3A+2002%29&rft.atitle=Surveillance+for+safety+after+immunization%3A+Vaccine+Adverse+Event+Reporting+System+%28VAERS%29--United+States%2C+1991-2001.&rft.au=Zhou%2C+Weigong%3BPool%2C+Vitali%3BIskander%2C+John+K%3BEnglish-Bullard%2C+Roseanne%3BBall%2C+Robert%3BWise%2C+Robert+P%3BHaber%2C+Penina%3BPless%2C+Robert+P%3BMootrey%2C+Gina%3BEllenberg%2C+Susan+S%3BBraun%2C+M+Miles%3BChen%2C+Robert+T&rft.aulast=Zhou&rft.aufirst=Weigong&rft.date=2003-01-24&rft.volume=52&rft.issue=1&rft.spage=1&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Morbidity+and+mortality+weekly+report.+Surveillance+summaries+%28Washington%2C+D.C.+%3A+2002%29&rft.issn=15460738&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 2003-06-26 N1 - Date created - 2003-06-19 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - SuppNotes - Erratum In: MMWR Morb Mortal Wkly Rep. 2003 Feb 14;52(06):113 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Diesel exhaust particle-induced alterations of pulmonary phase I and phase II enzymes of rats AN - 18808536; 5684504 AB - Although diesel exhaust particles (DEP) are known to produce pulmonary disorders, the xenobiotic metabolic pathways associated with DEP detoxification and bioactivation remain unclear. In this study, the effect of acute exposure of DEP on phase I and phase II enzymes of rat lung was investigated. Intratracheal administration of DEP produced an induction of cytochrome P-450 (CYP) 1A1 enzyme protein and activity at 1 d postexposure, with the enzyme level returning to control at 5 d postexposure. On the other hand, carbon black (CB), a particle control, did not show any induction of CYP1A1 protein or enzyme activity. However, both DEP and CB significantly decreased CYP2B1 protein and enzyme activity at 1 d postexposure. The decrease in CYP2B1 enzyme protein and activity by DEP or CB treatment was observed up to 7 d postexposure. DEP and CB treatments also significantly attenuated glutathione S-transferase (GST)- pi protein at 1 d postexposure. Both DEP and CB at 35 mg/kg significantly decreased the activities of GST and catalase at 1 and 7 d postexposure. DEP, but not CB, significantly induced quinone reductase (QR) activity at 7 d postexposure. This study suggests that DEP may induce CYP1A1 and QR enzymes via a chemical effect, while the carbonaceous core may be involved in the attenuation of CYP2B1, GST, and catalase proteins and enzyme activities. JF - Journal of Toxicology and Environmental Health, Part A: Current Issues AU - Rengasamy, A AU - Barger, M W AU - Kane, E AU - Ma, JKH AU - Castranova, V AU - Ma, JYC AD - Pathology and Physiology Research Branch, Health Effects Laboratory Division, NIOSH, 1095 Willowdale Road, Morgantown, WV 26505, USA, jym1@cdc.gov Y1 - 2003/01/24/ PY - 2003 DA - 2003 Jan 24 SP - 153 EP - 167 VL - 66 IS - 2 SN - 1528-7394, 1528-7394 KW - rats KW - Toxicology Abstracts KW - X 24155:Biochemistry UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/18808536?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxicologyabstracts&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Toxicology+and+Environmental+Health%2C+Part+A%3A+Current+Issues&rft.atitle=Diesel+exhaust+particle-induced+alterations+of+pulmonary+phase+I+and+phase+II+enzymes+of+rats&rft.au=Rengasamy%2C+A%3BBarger%2C+M+W%3BKane%2C+E%3BMa%2C+JKH%3BCastranova%2C+V%3BMa%2C+JYC&rft.aulast=Rengasamy&rft.aufirst=A&rft.date=2003-01-24&rft.volume=66&rft.issue=2&rft.spage=153&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+Toxicology+and+Environmental+Health%2C+Part+A%3A+Current+Issues&rft.issn=15287394&rft_id=info:doi/10.1080%2F15287390390155813 LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/15287390390155813 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Outbreak of botulism type E associated with eating a beached whale--Western Alaska, July 2002. AN - 73062271; 12608715 AB - Botulism is a neuroparalytic illness caused by toxins produced by the bacterium Clostridium botulinum, an obligate anaerobe found commonly in the environment. Intoxication with toxin type E is associated exclusively with eating animal foods of marine (salt or fresh water) origin. Persons who eat raw or fermented marine fish and mammals are at high risk for botulism from type E toxin. On July 17, 2002, the Alaska Division of Public Health investigated a cluster of suspected botulism cases among residents of a fishing village in Alaska. This report summarizes the findings of the outbreak investigation, which linked disease to eating raw muktuk (skin and a pink blubber layer) from a beached whale (Figure). To avoid delays in treatment, health-care providers evaluating patients suspected of having botulism should base treatment decisions on clinical findings. Public health authorities should be notified immediately about any suspected botulism case. JF - MMWR. Morbidity and mortality weekly report AU - Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) AD - Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) Y1 - 2003/01/17/ PY - 2003 DA - 2003 Jan 17 SP - 24 EP - 26 VL - 52 IS - 2 SN - 0149-2195, 0149-2195 KW - Botulinum Toxins KW - EC 3.4.24.69 KW - botulinum toxin type E KW - T579M564JY KW - Index Medicus KW - Animals KW - Aged, 80 and over KW - Humans KW - Alaska -- epidemiology KW - Adult KW - Aged KW - Middle Aged KW - Disease Outbreaks KW - Adolescent KW - Cluster Analysis KW - Male KW - Female KW - Botulism -- diagnosis KW - Botulism -- etiology KW - Botulism -- epidemiology KW - Whales UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/73062271?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=MMWR.+Morbidity+and+mortality+weekly+report&rft.atitle=Outbreak+of+botulism+type+E+associated+with+eating+a+beached+whale--Western+Alaska%2C+July+2002.&rft.au=Centers+for+Disease+Control+and+Prevention+%28CDC%29&rft.aulast=Centers+for+Disease+Control+and+Prevention+%28CDC%29&rft.aufirst=&rft.date=2003-01-17&rft.volume=52&rft.issue=2&rft.spage=24&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=MMWR.+Morbidity+and+mortality+weekly+report&rft.issn=01492195&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 2003-03-06 N1 - Date created - 2003-02-28 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Infant botulism--New York City, 2001-2002. AN - 73061071; 12608714 AB - Infant botulism results from germination of swallowed spores of botulinum toxin-producing clostridia that colonize the large intestine temporarily. Four cases of type B infant botulism in one New York City (NYC) borough were diagnosed within a 12-month period during 2001-2002. All four patients resided in Staten Island (2000 population: 443,728). The annual incidence of infant botulism in the United States is two cases per 100,000 live births; incidence in NYC is four cases per 100,000 live births. Staten Island recorded 5,899 live births in 2000; incidence of infant botulism during this 12-month period was 68 cases per 100,000 live births. This report summarizes the investigation of these four cases; as expected with infant botulism, a common source of exposure was not identified. All four patients recovered after treatment and were discharged from local hospitals. State and local health departments should be notified promptly when infant botulism is suspected to arrange diagnostic testing. JF - MMWR. Morbidity and mortality weekly report AU - Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) AD - Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) Y1 - 2003/01/17/ PY - 2003 DA - 2003 Jan 17 SP - 21 EP - 24 VL - 52 IS - 2 SN - 0149-2195, 0149-2195 KW - rimabotulinumtoxinB KW - 0Y70779M1F KW - Botulinum Toxins KW - EC 3.4.24.69 KW - Botulinum Toxins, Type A KW - Index Medicus KW - Infant KW - New York City -- epidemiology KW - Risk Factors KW - Humans KW - Infant, Newborn KW - Disease Outbreaks KW - Cluster Analysis KW - Botulinum Toxins -- isolation & purification KW - Botulism -- diagnosis KW - Botulism -- therapy KW - Botulism -- epidemiology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/73061071?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=MMWR.+Morbidity+and+mortality+weekly+report&rft.atitle=Infant+botulism--New+York+City%2C+2001-2002.&rft.au=Centers+for+Disease+Control+and+Prevention+%28CDC%29&rft.aulast=Centers+for+Disease+Control+and+Prevention+%28CDC%29&rft.aufirst=&rft.date=2003-01-17&rft.volume=52&rft.issue=2&rft.spage=21&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=MMWR.+Morbidity+and+mortality+weekly+report&rft.issn=01492195&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 2003-03-06 N1 - Date created - 2003-02-28 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Macrolide-resistant pneumococcal endocarditis and epidural abscess that develop during erythromycin therapy. AN - 72957755; 12522763 AB - Suppurative complications of Streptococcus pneumoniae infections have become uncommon in the antibiotic era. We report a case of pneumococcal bacteremia and pneumonia complicated with epidural abscess and endocarditis in which macrolide resistance (the MLS(B) phenotype) emerged during erythromycin therapy. Genetic determinants known to mediate the most common mechanisms of macrolide resistance (methylation of the 23S rRNA and antibiotic efflux) were not detected by polymerase chain reaction or DNA hybridization. Sequence analysis of the DNA encoding the 23S rRNA of the macrolide-resistant isolate from the patient demonstrated the replacement of adenine by thymine at position 2058 (A2058T) in 2 of 4 alleles. Clinicians should be alert to the possibility of the emergence of resistance during macrolide therapy for community-acquired pneumonia, particularly if suppurative complications of pneumococcal infection are suspected. JF - Clinical infectious diseases : an official publication of the Infectious Diseases Society of America AU - Butler, Jay C AU - Lennox, Jeffrey L AU - McDougal, Linda K AU - Sutcliffe, Joyce A AU - Tait-Kamradt, Amelia AU - Tenover, Fred C AD - Arctic Investigations Program, National Center for Infectious Diseases, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Anchorage, Alaska 99508, USA. Jbutler@cdc.gov Y1 - 2003/01/15/ PY - 2003 DA - 2003 Jan 15 SP - e19 EP - e25 VL - 36 IS - 2 KW - Anti-Bacterial Agents KW - 0 KW - RNA, Ribosomal, 23S KW - Erythromycin KW - 63937KV33D KW - Index Medicus KW - RNA, Ribosomal, 23S -- analysis KW - Humans KW - Point Mutation KW - RNA, Ribosomal, 23S -- genetics KW - Middle Aged KW - Microbial Sensitivity Tests KW - Streptococcus pneumoniae -- drug effects KW - Male KW - Streptococcus pneumoniae -- genetics KW - Endocarditis, Bacterial -- complications KW - Erythromycin -- therapeutic use KW - Erythromycin -- adverse effects KW - Anti-Bacterial Agents -- pharmacology KW - Pneumonia, Pneumococcal -- drug therapy KW - Pneumonia, Pneumococcal -- complications KW - Epidural Abscess -- complications UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/72957755?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Clinical+infectious+diseases+%3A+an+official+publication+of+the+Infectious+Diseases+Society+of+America&rft.atitle=Macrolide-resistant+pneumococcal+endocarditis+and+epidural+abscess+that+develop+during+erythromycin+therapy.&rft.au=Butler%2C+Jay+C%3BLennox%2C+Jeffrey+L%3BMcDougal%2C+Linda+K%3BSutcliffe%2C+Joyce+A%3BTait-Kamradt%2C+Amelia%3BTenover%2C+Fred+C&rft.aulast=Butler&rft.aufirst=Jay&rft.date=2003-01-15&rft.volume=36&rft.issue=2&rft.spage=e19&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Clinical+infectious+diseases+%3A+an+official+publication+of+the+Infectious+Diseases+Society+of+America&rft.issn=1537-6591&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 2003-02-05 N1 - Date created - 2003-01-10 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Exposure to particulate 1-->3-beta-glucans induces greater pulmonary toxicity than soluble 1-->3-beta-glucans in rats. AN - 73015203; 12587289 AB - 1-->3-beta-Glucans, derived from the inner cell wall of yeasts and fungi, are commonly found in indoor air dust samples and have been implicated in organic dust toxic syndrome. In a previous study, it was reported that 1-->3-beta-glucan (zymosan A) induced acute pulmonary inflammation in rats. This study investigates which form of 1-->3-beta-glucans, particulate or soluble, is more potent in inducing pulmonary inflammation. Zymosan A was suspended in 0.25 N NaOH for 30 min, neutralized, dialyzed for 2 d using deionized water, and particulate and soluble fractions were collected. Male Sprague-Dawley rats were exposed via intratracheal instillation to NaOH-soluble or NaOH-insoluble zymosan A. At 18 h postexposure, various indicators of pulmonary response were monitored, including indicators of lung damage, such as serum albumin concentration and lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) activity in acellular bronchoalveolar lavage fluid. Inflammation was characterized by an increase in lavageable polymorphonuclear leukocytes (PMN). Pulmonary irritation (breathing frequency increase) and oxidant production (nitric oxide and chemiluminescence, CL) were also monitored. Exposure to the particulate form of NaOH-treated zymosan produced a significant increase in all these indicators. In contrast, rats exposed to the NaOH-soluble fraction were not markedly affected except for LDH, PMN, and CL. However, these increases were significantly less than with exposure to NaOH-insoluble zymosan. Therefore, results demonstrate that particulate zymosan A is more potent in inducing pulmonary inflammation and damage in rats than the soluble form of this beta-glucan. JF - Journal of toxicology and environmental health. Part A AU - Young, Shih-Houng AU - Robinson, Victor A AU - Barger, Mark AU - Whitmer, Michael AU - Porter, Dale W AU - Frazer, David G AU - Castranova, Vincent AD - Health Effects Laboratory Division, National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, 1095 Willowdale Road, MS 2027, Morgantown, WV 26505, USA. syoung@cdc.gov Y1 - 2003/01/10/ PY - 2003 DA - 2003 Jan 10 SP - 25 EP - 38 VL - 66 IS - 1 SN - 1528-7394, 1528-7394 KW - Dust KW - 0 KW - Serum Albumin KW - Nitric Oxide KW - 31C4KY9ESH KW - Zymosan KW - 9010-72-4 KW - Index Medicus KW - Rats KW - Nitric Oxide -- analysis KW - Animals KW - Rats, Sprague-Dawley KW - Analysis of Variance KW - Serum Albumin -- analysis KW - Bronchoalveolar Lavage Fluid -- chemistry KW - Luminescent Measurements KW - Trachea -- drug effects KW - Bronchoalveolar Lavage Fluid -- cytology KW - Inflammation KW - Respiration -- drug effects KW - Lung -- drug effects KW - Lung -- pathology KW - Zymosan -- toxicity UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/73015203?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+toxicology+and+environmental+health.+Part+A&rft.atitle=Exposure+to+particulate+1--%26gt%3B3-beta-glucans+induces+greater+pulmonary+toxicity+than+soluble+1--%26gt%3B3-beta-glucans+in+rats.&rft.au=Young%2C+Shih-Houng%3BRobinson%2C+Victor+A%3BBarger%2C+Mark%3BWhitmer%2C+Michael%3BPorter%2C+Dale+W%3BFrazer%2C+David+G%3BCastranova%2C+Vincent&rft.aulast=Young&rft.aufirst=Shih-Houng&rft.date=2003-01-10&rft.volume=66&rft.issue=1&rft.spage=25&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+toxicology+and+environmental+health.+Part+A&rft.issn=15287394&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 2003-03-13 N1 - Date created - 2003-02-17 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Exposure to particulate 1 arrow right 3- beta -glucans induces greater pulmonary toxicity than soluble 1 arrow right 3- beta -glucans in rats AN - 18805325; 5684510 AB - 1 arrow right 3- beta -Glucans, derived from the inner cell wall of yeasts and fungi, are commonly found in indoor air dust samples and have been implicated in organic dust toxic syndrome. In a previous study, it was reported that 1 arrow right 3- beta -glucan (zymosan A) induced acute pulmonary inflammation in rats. This study investigates which form of 1 arrow right 3- beta -glucans, particulate or soluble, is more potent in inducing pulmonary inflammation. Zymosan A was suspended in 0.25 N NaOH for 30 min, neutralized, dialyzed for 2 d using deionized water, and particulate and soluble fractions were collected. Male Sprague-Dawley rats were exposed via intratracheal instillation to NaOH-soluble or NaOH-insoluble zymosan A. At 18 h postexposure, various indicators of pulmonary response were monitored, including indicators of lung damage, such as serum albumin concentration and lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) activity in acellular bronchoalveolar lavage fluid. Inflammation was characterized by an increase in lavageable polymorphonuclear leukocytes (PMN). Pulmonary irritation (breathing frequency increase) and oxidant production (nitric oxide and chemiluminescence, CL) were also monitored. Exposure to the particulate form of NaOH-treated zymosan produced a significant increase in all these indicators. In contrast, rats exposed to the NaOH-soluble fraction were not markedly affected except for LDH, PMN, and CL. However, these increases were significantly less than with exposure to NaOH-insoluble zymosan. Therefore, results demonstrate that particulate zymosan A is more potent in inducing pulmonary inflammation and damage in rats than the soluble form of this beta -glucan. JF - Journal of Toxicology and Environmental Health, Part A: Current Issues AU - Young, S-H AU - Robinson, V A AU - Barger, M AU - Whitmer, M AU - Porter, D W AU - Frazer, D G AU - Castranova, V AD - Engineering Control and Technology Branch, Health Effects Laboratory Division, National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, 1095 Willowdale Road, MS 2027, Morgantown, WV 26505, USA, syoung@cdc.gov Y1 - 2003/01/10/ PY - 2003 DA - 2003 Jan 10 SP - 25 EP - 38 VL - 66 IS - 1 SN - 1528-7394, 1528-7394 KW - beta -Glucan KW - rats KW - Toxicology Abstracts KW - X 24171:Microbial UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/18805325?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxicologyabstracts&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Toxicology+and+Environmental+Health%2C+Part+A%3A+Current+Issues&rft.atitle=Exposure+to+particulate+1+arrow+right+3-+beta+-glucans+induces+greater+pulmonary+toxicity+than+soluble+1+arrow+right+3-+beta+-glucans+in+rats&rft.au=Young%2C+S-H%3BRobinson%2C+V+A%3BBarger%2C+M%3BWhitmer%2C+M%3BPorter%2C+D+W%3BFrazer%2C+D+G%3BCastranova%2C+V&rft.aulast=Young&rft.aufirst=S-H&rft.date=2003-01-10&rft.volume=66&rft.issue=1&rft.spage=25&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+Toxicology+and+Environmental+Health%2C+Part+A%3A+Current+Issues&rft.issn=15287394&rft_id=info:doi/10.1080%2F15287390390155732 LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/15287390390155732 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Outbreaks of Salmonella serotype enteritidis infection associated with eating shell eggs--United States, 1999-2001. AN - 72977698; 12553566 AB - A Salmonella serotype Enteritidis (SE) epidemic emerged in the 1980s, when increasing numbers of infections were detected in the Northeastern and Mid-Atlantic regions of the United States. In the early 1990s, while SE rates in the Northeast began to decline, the SE epidemic expanded to the Pacific region. Nationwide, the number of SE isolates reported to CDC peaked at 3.8 per 100,000 population in 1995. Although rates of culture-confirmed SE infection reported to CDC declined to 1.9 by 1999 (Figure 1), rates did not decline further through 2001, and outbreaks continue to occur. Investigations of outbreaks and sporadic cases have indicated repeatedly that, when a food vehicle is identified, the most common sources of SE infection are undercooked and raw shell eggs. This report describes two SE outbreaks associated with eating shell eggs and underscores the need to strengthen SE-control measures. JF - MMWR. Morbidity and mortality weekly report AU - Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) AD - Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) Y1 - 2003/01/03/ PY - 2003 DA - 2003 Jan 03 SP - 1149 EP - 1152 VL - 51 IS - 51-52 SN - 0149-2195, 0149-2195 KW - Index Medicus KW - Prisons KW - Humans KW - Adult KW - Food Handling KW - North Carolina -- epidemiology KW - Disease Outbreaks KW - United States -- epidemiology KW - Male KW - Female KW - South Carolina -- epidemiology KW - Salmonella Food Poisoning -- etiology KW - Eggs -- microbiology KW - Salmonella Food Poisoning -- epidemiology KW - Salmonella enteritidis -- isolation & purification UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/72977698?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=MMWR.+Morbidity+and+mortality+weekly+report&rft.atitle=Outbreaks+of+Salmonella+serotype+enteritidis+infection+associated+with+eating+shell+eggs--United+States%2C+1999-2001.&rft.au=Centers+for+Disease+Control+and+Prevention+%28CDC%29&rft.aulast=Centers+for+Disease+Control+and+Prevention+%28CDC%29&rft.aufirst=&rft.date=2003-01-03&rft.volume=51&rft.issue=51-52&rft.spage=1149&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=MMWR.+Morbidity+and+mortality+weekly+report&rft.issn=01492195&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 2003-01-30 N1 - Date created - 2003-01-29 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Occupational electrical injuries in the United States, 1992-1998, and recommendations for safety research. AN - 73631510; 12963070 AB - CFOI and SOII data show that 2,287 U.S. workers died and 32,807 workers sustained days away from work due to electrical shock or electrical burn injuries between 1992 and 1998. The narrative, work activity, job title, source of injury, location, and industry for each fatal electrical accident were examined. A primary causal factor was identified for each fatality. Electrical fatalities were categorized into five major groups. Overall, 44% of electrical fatalities occurred in the construction industry. Contact with overhead power lines caused 41% of all electrical fatalities. Electrical shock caused 99% of fatal and 62% of nonfatal electrical accidents. Comprising about 7% of the U.S. workforce, construction workers sustain 44% of electrical fatalities. Power line contact by mobile equipment occurs in many industries and should be the subject of focused research. Other problem areas are identified and opportunities for research are proposed. Improvements in electrical safety in one industry often have application in other industries. JF - Journal of safety research AU - Cawley, James C AU - Homce, Gerald T AD - National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, Pittsburgh Research Laboratory, P.O. Box 18070, Pittsburgh, PA 15236, USA. Jcawley@cdc.gov Y1 - 2003 PY - 2003 DA - 2003 SP - 241 EP - 248 VL - 34 IS - 3 SN - 0022-4375, 0022-4375 KW - Index Medicus KW - Causality KW - Humans KW - Research KW - United States -- epidemiology KW - National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (U.S.) KW - Occupational Health KW - Electric Injuries -- epidemiology KW - Occupational Diseases -- epidemiology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/73631510?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+safety+research&rft.atitle=Occupational+electrical+injuries+in+the+United+States%2C+1992-1998%2C+and+recommendations+for+safety+research.&rft.au=Cawley%2C+James+C%3BHomce%2C+Gerald+T&rft.aulast=Cawley&rft.aufirst=James&rft.date=2003-01-01&rft.volume=34&rft.issue=3&rft.spage=241&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+safety+research&rft.issn=00224375&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 2003-10-21 N1 - Date created - 2003-09-09 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Public knowledge regarding the role of genetic susceptibility to environmentally induced health conditions. AN - 73300527; 12748435 AB - Diseases thought to be caused by exposure to environmental factors are also influenced by genetic susceptibility. It is not clear to what extent the public recognizes the role of genetics in causing these diseases. We asked 2,353 people in a national survey to indicate their level of agreement with statements about the genetic contribution to four health conditions typically considered to be environmentally induced. 206 (9%) respondents believed that genetic susceptibility contributes to all four health conditions, while 751 (32%) believed that genetics plays no role in causing any of the conditions. Respondents were more likely to believe that genetics contributes to adverse drug reactions and smoking-related illnesses than to infectious diseases and diseases resulting from exposure to environmental agents. This study suggests that the public views genetic susceptibility as playing only a limited role in human disease induced by environmental factors. Increasing awareness of the role of genetic factors in these diseases will be necessary for translating gene discovery into effective personal and public health actions. Copyright 2003 S. Karger AG, Basel JF - Community genetics AU - Morris, Jill AU - Gwinn, Marta AU - Clyne, Mindy AU - Khoury, Muin J AD - Office of Genetics and Disease Prevention, National Center for Environmental Health, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, 4770 Buford Highway NE, MS K-28, Atlanta, GA 30341-3724, USA. jmorris1@cdc.gov Y1 - 2003 PY - 2003 DA - 2003 SP - 22 EP - 28 VL - 6 IS - 1 SN - 1422-2795, 1422-2795 KW - Index Medicus KW - Cross-Sectional Studies KW - Humans KW - Adult KW - Health Behavior KW - Aged KW - Middle Aged KW - Health Education KW - Male KW - Female KW - Genetic Diseases, Inborn -- genetics KW - Health Knowledge, Attitudes, Practice KW - Genetic Predisposition to Disease KW - Environmental Exposure -- adverse effects UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/73300527?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Community+genetics&rft.atitle=Public+knowledge+regarding+the+role+of+genetic+susceptibility+to+environmentally+induced+health+conditions.&rft.au=Morris%2C+Jill%3BGwinn%2C+Marta%3BClyne%2C+Mindy%3BKhoury%2C+Muin+J&rft.aulast=Morris&rft.aufirst=Jill&rft.date=2003-01-01&rft.volume=6&rft.issue=1&rft.spage=22&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Community+genetics&rft.issn=14222795&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 2003-10-06 N1 - Date created - 2003-05-15 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Field-portable spectroscopy. AN - 73123457; 12650543 JF - Applied occupational and environmental hygiene AU - Ashley, Kevin AD - US Department of Health and Human Services, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, Cincinnati, Ohio 45226-1998, USA. kashley@cdc.gov Y1 - 2003/01// PY - 2003 DA - January 2003 SP - 10 EP - 15 VL - 18 IS - 1 SN - 1047-322X, 1047-322X KW - Aerosols KW - 0 KW - Air Pollutants, Occupational KW - Index Medicus KW - Evaluation Studies as Topic KW - Aerosols -- analysis KW - Humans KW - Equipment and Supplies -- standards KW - Air Pollutants, Occupational -- analysis KW - Spectrum Analysis -- classification KW - Spectrum Analysis -- instrumentation UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/73123457?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Applied+occupational+and+environmental+hygiene&rft.atitle=Field-portable+spectroscopy.&rft.au=Ashley%2C+Kevin&rft.aulast=Ashley&rft.aufirst=Kevin&rft.date=2003-01-01&rft.volume=18&rft.issue=1&rft.spage=10&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Applied+occupational+and+environmental+hygiene&rft.issn=1047322X&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 2003-04-14 N1 - Date created - 2003-03-24 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Quantitative determination of the hydrolysis products of nitrogen mustards in human urine by liquid chromatography-electrospray ionization tandem mass spectrometry. AN - 73029258; 12587675 AB - Nitrogen mustards are a public health concern because of their extreme vesicant properties and the possible exposure of workers during the destruction of chemical stockpiles. A sensitive, rapid, accurate, and precise analysis for the quantitation of ultratrace levels of N-ethyldiethanolamine (EDEA) and N-methyldiethanolamine (MDEA) in human urine as a means of assessing recent exposure to the nitrogen mustards bis(2-chloroethyl)ethylamine and bis(2-chloroethyl)methylamine, respectively, was developed. The method was based on solid-phase extraction, followed by analysis of the urine extract using isotope-dilution high-performance liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry with TurbolonSpray ionization and multiple-reaction monitoring. The method limits of detection were 0.41 ng/mL for EDEA and 0.96 ng/mL for MDEA in 1 mL of urine with coefficients of variation < 10% for both compounds. JF - Journal of analytical toxicology AU - Lemire, Sharon W AU - Ashley, David L AU - Calafat, Antonia M AD - Division of Laboratory Sciences, National Center for Environmental Health/Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia 30341-3724, USA. SGL4@cdc.gov PY - 2003 SP - 1 EP - 6 VL - 27 IS - 1 SN - 0146-4760, 0146-4760 KW - Chemical Warfare Agents KW - 0 KW - Nitrogen Mustard Compounds KW - Mechlorethamine KW - 50D9XSG0VR KW - bis(2-chloroethyl)ethylamine KW - 538-07-8 KW - Index Medicus KW - Sensitivity and Specificity KW - Reproducibility of Results KW - Humans KW - Hydrolysis KW - Nitrogen Mustard Compounds -- urine KW - Chemical Warfare Agents -- metabolism KW - Mechlorethamine -- analysis KW - Nitrogen Mustard Compounds -- analysis KW - Mechlorethamine -- urine KW - Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid -- methods KW - Chemical Warfare Agents -- analysis KW - Spectrometry, Mass, Electrospray Ionization -- methods UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/73029258?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+analytical+toxicology&rft.atitle=Quantitative+determination+of+the+hydrolysis+products+of+nitrogen+mustards+in+human+urine+by+liquid+chromatography-electrospray+ionization+tandem+mass+spectrometry.&rft.au=Lemire%2C+Sharon+W%3BAshley%2C+David+L%3BCalafat%2C+Antonia+M&rft.aulast=Lemire&rft.aufirst=Sharon&rft.date=2003-01-01&rft.volume=27&rft.issue=1&rft.spage=1&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+analytical+toxicology&rft.issn=01464760&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 2003-07-15 N1 - Date created - 2003-02-17 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Health effects of welding. AN - 73021609; 12585507 AB - Many of the epidemiology studies performed are difficult to compare because of differences in worker populations, industrial settings, welding techniques, duration of exposure, and other occupational exposures besides welding fumes. Some studies were conducted in carefully controlled work environments, others during actual workplace conditions, and some in laboratories. Epidemiology studies have shown that a large number of welders experience some type of respiratory illness. Respiratory effects seen in full-time welders have included bronchitis, airway irritation, lung function changes, and a possible increase in the incidence of lung cancer. Pulmonary infections are increased in terms of severity, duration, and frequency among welders. Although epidemiological studies have demonstrated an increase in pulmonary illness after exposure to welding fumes, little information of the causality, dose-response, and possible underlying mechanisms regarding the inhalation of welding fumes exists. Even less information is available about the neurological, reproductive, and dermal effects after welding fume exposure. Moreover, carcinogenicity and short-term and long-term toxicology studies of welding fumes in animals are lacing or incomplete. Therefore, an understanding of possible adverse health effects of exposure to welding fumes is essential to risk assessment and the development of prevention strategies and will impact a large population of workers. JF - Critical reviews in toxicology AU - Antonini, James M AD - Health Effects Laboratory Division, National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, 1095 Willowdale Road (M/S 2015), Morgantown, WV 26505, USA. jga6@cdc.gov Y1 - 2003 PY - 2003 DA - 2003 SP - 61 EP - 103 VL - 33 IS - 1 SN - 1040-8444, 1040-8444 KW - Air Pollutants, Occupational KW - 0 KW - Index Medicus KW - Animals KW - Humans KW - Respiratory Tract Diseases -- etiology KW - Respiratory Tract Diseases -- epidemiology KW - Confined Spaces KW - United States -- epidemiology KW - Air Pollutants, Occupational -- adverse effects KW - Welding KW - Occupational Exposure -- adverse effects KW - Inhalation Exposure -- adverse effects UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/73021609?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Critical+reviews+in+toxicology&rft.atitle=Health+effects+of+welding.&rft.au=Antonini%2C+James+M&rft.aulast=Antonini&rft.aufirst=James&rft.date=2003-01-01&rft.volume=33&rft.issue=1&rft.spage=61&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Critical+reviews+in+toxicology&rft.issn=10408444&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 2003-07-02 N1 - Date created - 2003-02-14 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Survival of infants diagnosed with encephalocele in Atlanta, 1979-98. AN - 72997257; 12562471 AB - This study aimed to evaluate the survival of a cohort of liveborn infants diagnosed with encephalocele during a 20-year period and the variation of such survival by selected demographic and clinical characteristics. We reviewed data from the Metropolitan Atlanta Congenital Defects Program (MACDP) to ascertain all live births diagnosed with encephalocele (n = 83) from 1979 to 1998. Of these, 66 (79%) had isolated defects. Among 70 liveborn infants with site of the defect specified, 50 were classified as having posterior and 20 with anterior defects. To identify their vital status, we used data from MACDP hospital records and vital records from the State of Georgia supplemented by linking registry data with the National Death Index from 1979 to 1999. Among children with encephalocele, 76.0% of the deaths (19/25) occurred during the first day of life. The survival probability to 1 year of age was 70.8%[95% confidence intervals (CI) 60.9, 80.7] and to 20 years of age was 67.3%[95% CI 55.7, 78.8]. In multivariable analysis, factors associated with increased mortality were low birthweight (<2500 g) [relative risk (RR) 5.18; 95% CI 2.13, 12.63], presence of multiple defects (RR 2.82; 95% CI 1.19, 6.69) and black race (RR 2.36; 95% CI 0.95, 5.85). Overall survival for infants with multiple defects (41.2%) was significantly poorer than survival among those with isolated defects (74.3%). A 70% decrease in risk of mortality was observed among infants born with encephalocele during 1989-98 compared with those born during 1979-88, but this decrease was evident only among cases with low birthweight (RR 0.29; 95% CI 0.01, 0.90). This study highlights the prognostic importance of multiple defects and low birthweight for infants with encephalocele and identifies a statistically significant difference in survival by race. This information is useful for clinicians and families who must plan for the long-term care of affected children. JF - Paediatric and perinatal epidemiology AU - Siffel, Csaba AU - Wong, Lee-Yang C AU - Olney, Richard S AU - Correa, Adolfo AD - National Center on Birth Defects and Developmental Disabilities, CDC and Prevention, Division of Health Studies, Agency for Toxic Substances and Disease Registry, Atlanta, GA, USA. ACorrea@cdc.gov Y1 - 2003/01// PY - 2003 DA - January 2003 SP - 40 EP - 48 VL - 17 IS - 1 SN - 0269-5022, 0269-5022 KW - Index Medicus KW - Probability KW - Survival Rate KW - Infant, Low Birth Weight KW - Georgia -- epidemiology KW - Humans KW - African Americans -- statistics & numerical data KW - Infant, Newborn KW - Female KW - Abnormalities, Multiple -- mortality KW - Pregnancy KW - Multivariate Analysis KW - Encephalocele -- mortality KW - Encephalocele -- complications KW - Encephalocele -- ethnology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/72997257?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Paediatric+and+perinatal+epidemiology&rft.atitle=Survival+of+infants+diagnosed+with+encephalocele+in+Atlanta%2C+1979-98.&rft.au=Siffel%2C+Csaba%3BWong%2C+Lee-Yang+C%3BOlney%2C+Richard+S%3BCorrea%2C+Adolfo&rft.aulast=Siffel&rft.aufirst=Csaba&rft.date=2003-01-01&rft.volume=17&rft.issue=1&rft.spage=40&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Paediatric+and+perinatal+epidemiology&rft.issn=02695022&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 2003-06-03 N1 - Date created - 2003-02-03 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Feasibility of screening and intervention for alcohol problems among young adults in the ED. AN - 72994589; 12563573 AB - This study evaluates the feasibility of screening and brief intervention (SBI) for alcohol problems among young adults (18-39 years) in a rural, university ED. Research staff screened a convenience sample of patients waiting for medical treatment with the Alcohol Use Disorders Identification Test (AUDIT), used motivational interviewing techniques to counsel screen-positive patients (AUDIT >/= 6) during the ED visit, and referred patients to off-site alcohol treatment as appropriate. Patients were interviewed again at 3 months. Eighty-seven percent of age-eligible drinkers (2,067 of 2,371) consented to participate. Forty-three percent (894 of 2,067) screened positive, of which 94% were counseled. Forty percent of those counseled set a goal to decrease or stop drinking and 4% were referred for further treatment. Median times for obtaining consent, screening, and intervention were 4, 4, and 14 minutes, respectively. Project staff reported that 3% of patients screened or counseled were uncooperative. Seventy percent of 519 patients who participated in follow-up interviews agreed the ED is a good place to help patients with alcohol problems. High rates of informed consent and acceptance of counseling confirmed this protocol's acceptability to patients and indicated patients were comfortable divulging alcohol-related risk behavior. The modest times required for the process enhanced acceptability to patients as well as ED staff. The high prevalence of alcohol problems and the broad acceptance of SBI in this sample provide evidence of the ED's promise as a venue for this clinical preventive service. Copyright 2003, Elsevier Science (USA). All rights reserved.) JF - The American journal of emergency medicine AU - Hungerford, Daniel W AU - Williams, Janet M AU - Furbee, Paul M AU - Manley, William G AU - Helmkamp, James C AU - Horn, Kimberly AU - Pollock, Daniel A AD - National Center for Injury Prevention and Control, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA 30341, USA. dyh5@cdc.gov Y1 - 2003/01// PY - 2003 DA - January 2003 SP - 14 EP - 22 VL - 21 IS - 1 SN - 0735-6757, 0735-6757 KW - Index Medicus KW - Feasibility Studies KW - Age Factors KW - Hospitals, University KW - Humans KW - Hospitals, Rural KW - Adult KW - Program Evaluation KW - Follow-Up Studies KW - Adolescent KW - Time Factors KW - Male KW - Female KW - Alcohol-Related Disorders -- diagnosis KW - Crisis Intervention -- methods KW - Emergency Service, Hospital KW - Alcohol-Related Disorders -- therapy KW - Mass Screening -- methods UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/72994589?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+American+journal+of+emergency+medicine&rft.atitle=Feasibility+of+screening+and+intervention+for+alcohol+problems+among+young+adults+in+the+ED.&rft.au=Hungerford%2C+Daniel+W%3BWilliams%2C+Janet+M%3BFurbee%2C+Paul+M%3BManley%2C+William+G%3BHelmkamp%2C+James+C%3BHorn%2C+Kimberly%3BPollock%2C+Daniel+A&rft.aulast=Hungerford&rft.aufirst=Daniel&rft.date=2003-01-01&rft.volume=21&rft.issue=1&rft.spage=14&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=The+American+journal+of+emergency+medicine&rft.issn=07356757&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 2003-02-25 N1 - Date created - 2003-02-03 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Physician advice about smoking and drinking: are U.S. adults being informed? AN - 72985609; 12554026 AB - Population-based estimates for the prevalence of smokers receiving advice from a health professional to quit smoking and the prevalence of binge drinkers being talked to about alcohol use are lacking for U.S. adults. This information is useful for clinicians and public health professionals. Data are from the Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System, a continuous random-digit-dial telephone survey of U.S. adults. In 1997, 10 states collected data on these health interventions for tobacco and alcohol use. The prevalence of professional advice to quit smoking and about alcohol use was calculated and examined by demographic characteristics. The number of at-risk adults who had a routine checkup in the last year and had not received these interventions was also estimated. By self-report, 70% of smokers were advised to quit, and 23% of binge drinkers were talked to about their alcohol use. Using multivariate logistic regression analyses, we found among smokers that women and older persons were more likely to receive advice; among binge drinkers, health intervention was more likely to occur for men and non-Hispanic blacks. Across the 10 states, approximately 2 million smokers and 2 million binge drinkers with a routine checkup in the past 12 months were not advised to quit smoking or talked to about their alcohol use. Many opportunities to intervene with smokers and binge drinkers are lost. Efforts to increase physician education and to identify and reduce other barriers may help. JF - American journal of preventive medicine AU - Denny, Clark H AU - Serdula, Mary K AU - Holtzman, Deborah AU - Nelson, David E AD - Division of Adult and Community Health, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia 30341, USA. cfd3@cdc.gov Y1 - 2003/01// PY - 2003 DA - January 2003 SP - 71 EP - 74 VL - 24 IS - 1 SN - 0749-3797, 0749-3797 KW - Index Medicus KW - Humans KW - Adult KW - Smoking -- adverse effects KW - Middle Aged KW - United States -- epidemiology KW - Smoking -- economics KW - Smoking -- epidemiology KW - Male KW - Female KW - Alcoholism -- therapy KW - Smoking Cessation KW - Health Behavior KW - Physician's Role UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/72985609?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=American+journal+of+preventive+medicine&rft.atitle=Physician+advice+about+smoking+and+drinking%3A+are+U.S.+adults+being+informed%3F&rft.au=Denny%2C+Clark+H%3BSerdula%2C+Mary+K%3BHoltzman%2C+Deborah%3BNelson%2C+David+E&rft.aulast=Denny&rft.aufirst=Clark&rft.date=2003-01-01&rft.volume=24&rft.issue=1&rft.spage=71&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=American+journal+of+preventive+medicine&rft.issn=07493797&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 2003-04-08 N1 - Date created - 2003-01-29 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Comprehensive solid-phase extraction method for persistent organic pollutants. Validation and application to the analysis of persistent chlorinated pesticides. AN - 72970893; 12530820 AB - The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) is involved in many epidemiological studies regarding the measurement of chlorinated pesticides and polychlorinated biphenyls in specimens obtained from humans. In addition to these commonly determined analytes, there is a need to include additional persistent organic pollutants (POPs) in our analyses, which further stresses the analyses because sample volumes remain small. Thus, a single method of analysis for all POPs in human serum is needed. CDC has recently developed a semiautomated and comprehensive solid-phase extraction method for POPs. The method is comprehensive since it was optimized for the extraction of many different POP compound classes. We then developed a purification and fractionation scheme that allows (a) separation of different compound classes by particular functionalities and (b) purification of those fractions to remove coextracted interferences. This paper describes the first step in the semiautomated comprehensive extraction and multiple fractionation method developed by CDC for monitoring POPs. In this paper, we validate the analysis of the persistent chlorinated pesticides, a compound class difficult to examine because of their structural diversity, in human plasma. The method was validated against an existing CDC method by using a spiked quality-control serum pool. The concentrations determined for all analytes using both methods were within 2%-14% relative standard deviations. A multilevel (i.e., 3-4 point) matrix spike showed good linearity for the analytes tested (r2 = 0.978-0.999). The method was then applied to 40-year-old archived plasma samples for the quantitative analysis of selected chlorinated pesticides. Mean recoveries of the 13C-labeled internal quantification standards ranged from 64% to 123% for the 11 monitored pesticides. The overall method proved to be robust by handling old coagulated plasma samples. It allowed faster throughput of samples than our previous methods and provided cleaner samples with less frequent interferences or background as analyzed by high-resolution mass spectrometry. The method represents a preliminary step in establishing an automated, comprehensive multiresidue analysis method for POPs in human serum. JF - Analytical chemistry AU - Sandau, Courtney D AU - Sjödin, Andreas AU - Davis, Mark D AU - Barr, John R AU - Maggio, Vincent L AU - Waterman, Alyson L AU - Preston, Kerry E AU - Preau, James L AU - Barr, Dana B AU - Needham, Larry L AU - Patterson, Donald G AD - National Center for Environmental Health, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, 4770 Buford Highway NE, Mailstop F17, Atlanta, Georgia, 30341-3724, USA. csandau@cdc.gov Y1 - 2003/01/01/ PY - 2003 DA - 2003 Jan 01 SP - 71 EP - 77 VL - 75 IS - 1 SN - 0003-2700, 0003-2700 KW - Environmental Pollutants KW - 0 KW - Pesticides KW - Index Medicus KW - United States KW - Sensitivity and Specificity KW - Reproducibility of Results KW - Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (U.S.) KW - Humans KW - Automation KW - Pesticides -- chemistry KW - Pesticides -- analysis KW - Blood Chemical Analysis -- methods KW - Environmental Pollutants -- analysis KW - Environmental Pollutants -- blood KW - Pesticides -- blood UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/72970893?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Analytical+chemistry&rft.atitle=Comprehensive+solid-phase+extraction+method+for+persistent+organic+pollutants.+Validation+and+application+to+the+analysis+of+persistent+chlorinated+pesticides.&rft.au=Sandau%2C+Courtney+D%3BSj%C3%B6din%2C+Andreas%3BDavis%2C+Mark+D%3BBarr%2C+John+R%3BMaggio%2C+Vincent+L%3BWaterman%2C+Alyson+L%3BPreston%2C+Kerry+E%3BPreau%2C+James+L%3BBarr%2C+Dana+B%3BNeedham%2C+Larry+L%3BPatterson%2C+Donald+G&rft.aulast=Sandau&rft.aufirst=Courtney&rft.date=2003-01-01&rft.volume=75&rft.issue=1&rft.spage=71&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Analytical+chemistry&rft.issn=00032700&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 2003-04-29 N1 - Date created - 2003-01-17 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Binge drinking among US adults. AN - 72948772; 12503979 AB - Binge drinking (consuming > or =5 alcoholic drinks on 1 occasion) generally results in acute impairment and has numerous adverse health consequences. Reports indicate that binge drinking may be increasing in the United States. To quantify episodes of binge drinking among US adults in 1993-2001, to characterize adults who engage in binge drinking, and to describe state and regional differences in binge drinking. The Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System, a random-digit telephone survey of adults aged 18 years or older that is conducted annually in all states. The sample size ranged from 102 263 in 1993 to 212 510 in 2001. Binge-drinking prevalence, episodes, and episodes per person per year. Between 1993 and 2001, the total number of binge-drinking episodes among US adults increased from approximately 1.2 billion to 1.5 billion; during this time, binge-drinking episodes per person per year increased by 17% (from 6.3 to 7.4, P for trend =.03). Between 1995 and 2001, binge-drinking episodes per person per year increased by 35% (P for trend =.005). Men accounted for 81% of binge-drinking episodes in the study years. Although rates of binge-drinking episodes were highest among those aged 18 to 25 years, 69% of binge-drinking episodes during the study period occurred among those aged 26 years or older. Overall, 47% of binge-drinking episodes occurred among otherwise moderate (ie, non-heavy) drinkers, and 73% of all binge drinkers were moderate drinkers. Binge drinkers were 14 times more likely to drive while impaired by alcohol compared with non-binge drinkers. There were substantial state and regional differences in per capita binge-drinking episodes. Binge drinking is common among most strata of US adults, including among those aged 26 years or older. Per capita binge-drinking episodes have increased, particularly since 1995. Binge drinking is strongly associated with alcohol-impaired driving. Effective interventions to prevent the mortality and morbidity associated with binge drinking should be widely adopted, including screening patients for alcohol abuse in accordance with national guidelines. JF - JAMA AU - Naimi, Timothy S AU - Brewer, Robert D AU - Mokdad, Ali AU - Denny, Clark AU - Serdula, Mary K AU - Marks, James S AD - Alcohol Team, Emerging Investigations, and Analytic Methods Branch , Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA 30341, USA. tbn7@cdc.gov Y1 - 2003/01/01/ PY - 2003 DA - 2003 Jan 01 SP - 70 EP - 75 VL - 289 IS - 1 SN - 0098-7484, 0098-7484 KW - Ethanol KW - 3K9958V90M KW - Abridged Index Medicus KW - Index Medicus KW - Socioeconomic Factors KW - Humans KW - Adult KW - Middle Aged KW - United States -- epidemiology KW - Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System KW - Male KW - Female KW - Prevalence KW - Alcoholic Intoxication -- epidemiology KW - Ethanol -- poisoning UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/72948772?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=JAMA&rft.atitle=Binge+drinking+among+US+adults.&rft.au=Naimi%2C+Timothy+S%3BBrewer%2C+Robert+D%3BMokdad%2C+Ali%3BDenny%2C+Clark%3BSerdula%2C+Mary+K%3BMarks%2C+James+S&rft.aulast=Naimi&rft.aufirst=Timothy&rft.date=2003-01-01&rft.volume=289&rft.issue=1&rft.spage=70&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=JAMA&rft.issn=00987484&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 2003-01-09 N1 - Date created - 2002-12-30 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - SuppNotes - Comment In: JAMA. 2003 Apr 2;289(13):1635; author reply 1636 [12672728] N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Emergency department services for patients with alcohol problems: research directions. AN - 72938002; 12511321 AB - This report summarizes recommendations on research directions developed from the conference "Alcohol Problems among Emergency Department Patients: Research on Identification and Intervention." The conference was developed in order to evaluate the existing state of the art research on emergency department interventions for alcohol problems, and offer further recommendations for research. JF - Academic emergency medicine : official journal of the Society for Academic Emergency Medicine AU - Hungerford, Daniel W AU - Pollock, Daniel A AD - National Center for Injury Prevention and Control, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA 30341, USA. dhungerford@cdc.gov Y1 - 2003/01// PY - 2003 DA - January 2003 SP - 79 EP - 84 VL - 10 IS - 1 SN - 1069-6563, 1069-6563 KW - Index Medicus KW - United States KW - Humans KW - Referral and Consultation KW - Congresses as Topic KW - Alcoholism -- therapy KW - Emergency Medicine -- organization & administration KW - Emergency Service, Hospital KW - Research KW - Preventive Health Services -- organization & administration UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/72938002?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Academic+emergency+medicine+%3A+official+journal+of+the+Society+for+Academic+Emergency+Medicine&rft.atitle=Emergency+department+services+for+patients+with+alcohol+problems%3A+research+directions.&rft.au=Hungerford%2C+Daniel+W%3BPollock%2C+Daniel+A&rft.aulast=Hungerford&rft.aufirst=Daniel&rft.date=2003-01-01&rft.volume=10&rft.issue=1&rft.spage=79&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Academic+emergency+medicine+%3A+official+journal+of+the+Society+for+Academic+Emergency+Medicine&rft.issn=10696563&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 2003-04-02 N1 - Date created - 2003-01-03 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Effects of injectable or implantable progestin-only contraceptives on insulin-glucose metabolism and diabetes risk. AN - 72885903; 12502684 AB - Progestin-only contraceptives administered by injection (Depo-Provera) or subcutaneous implant (Norplant) have been available to U.S. women for about a decade. Two epidemiological studies found their use associated with increased incidence of type 2 diabetes. In reviewing publications relating progestin injections and implants to glucose metabolism, 25 studies of various study designs and laboratory methods were identified that reported at least one insulin value in nondiabetic women. Research subjects were usually nonobese and often from developing countries. Of eight studies that performed sequential oral glucose tolerance tests (OGTTs) after at least 6 months of Depo-Provera or Norplant use, seven found significant elevations (approximate doubling) of insulin at 2 or 3 h after glucose challenge; the effects on fasting, half-hour, or 1-h postchallenge insulin values were less consistent. The three studies that performed sequential intravenous glucose tolerance tests (IVGTTs) on injection users all found an increased early-phase insulin response. One study used sequential hyperglycemic-hyperinsulinemic clamps to demonstrate reduced total-body glucose uptake per unit of insulin after 8 weeks of Norplant use. The metabolic studies generally did not show a reduction in the glucose tolerance of their nondiabetic subjects. However, compared with the lean and low-risk women who were usually selected for metabolic research, many U.S. women receiving these injections or implants may start out with increased insulin resistance due to greater weight, sedentary lifestyle, and family or childbearing histories. Additional research could help clarify whether exposure to injectable or implantable contraceptives leads to increased risk of type 2 diabetes and gestational diabetes in women with predisposing factors. JF - Diabetes care AU - Kahn, Henry S AU - Curtis, Kathryn M AU - Marchbanks, Polly A AD - Division of Diabetes Translation, National Center for Chronic Disease Prevention and Health Promotion, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia 30341, USA. hkahn@cdc.gov Y1 - 2003/01// PY - 2003 DA - January 2003 SP - 216 EP - 225 VL - 26 IS - 1 SN - 0149-5992, 0149-5992 KW - Contraceptive Agents, Female KW - 0 KW - Insulin KW - Levonorgestrel KW - 5W7SIA7YZW KW - Medroxyprogesterone Acetate KW - C2QI4IOI2G KW - Glucose KW - IY9XDZ35W2 KW - Index Medicus KW - Risk Factors KW - Humans KW - Incidence KW - Female KW - Glucose -- metabolism KW - Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 -- epidemiology KW - Contraceptive Agents, Female -- adverse effects KW - Insulin -- metabolism KW - Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 -- metabolism KW - Contraceptive Agents, Female -- administration & dosage KW - Medroxyprogesterone Acetate -- administration & dosage KW - Levonorgestrel -- adverse effects KW - Medroxyprogesterone Acetate -- adverse effects KW - Levonorgestrel -- administration & dosage UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/72885903?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Diabetes+care&rft.atitle=Effects+of+injectable+or+implantable+progestin-only+contraceptives+on+insulin-glucose+metabolism+and+diabetes+risk.&rft.au=Kahn%2C+Henry+S%3BCurtis%2C+Kathryn+M%3BMarchbanks%2C+Polly+A&rft.aulast=Kahn&rft.aufirst=Henry&rft.date=2003-01-01&rft.volume=26&rft.issue=1&rft.spage=216&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Diabetes+care&rft.issn=01495992&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 2003-06-16 N1 - Date created - 2002-12-27 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Human exposure to polychlorinated biphenyls in a residential community. AN - 72878859; 12434227 AB - Blood serum concentrations of polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) were measured in members of a residential community who lived near a chemical plant that formerly manufactured PCBs. Elevated blood serum PCB concentrations were detected in some of the older adults who were long-term residents of the community. Congener-specific analyses indicated that PCB congeners 153, 138/158, 180, 118, and 187 contributed 60-67% of the total PCBs detected in blood from adults and children. Blood PCB concentrations correlated strongly with age and length of residency in the neighborhood. However, blood PCB concentrations did not correlate with PCB concentrations in soil or house dust samples from the homes. Past exposures to PCBs may be a significant contributor to the elevated PCB concentrations detected in some adult members of the community. JF - Archives of environmental contamination and toxicology AU - Orloff, K G AU - Dearwent, S AU - Metcalf, S AU - Kathman, S AU - Turner, W AD - Agency for Toxic Substances and Disease Registry, 1600 Clifton Road, MS-E32, Atlanta, Georgia 30333, USA. keo1@cdc.gov Y1 - 2003/01// PY - 2003 DA - January 2003 SP - 125 EP - 131 VL - 44 IS - 1 SN - 0090-4341, 0090-4341 KW - Environmental Pollutants KW - 0 KW - Polychlorinated Biphenyls KW - DFC2HB4I0K KW - Index Medicus KW - Age Factors KW - Humans KW - Adult KW - Child KW - Adolescent KW - Male KW - Female KW - Chemical Industry KW - Child, Preschool KW - Polychlorinated Biphenyls -- blood KW - Environmental Exposure KW - Polychlorinated Biphenyls -- analysis KW - Environmental Pollutants -- analysis KW - Environmental Pollutants -- blood UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/72878859?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Archives+of+environmental+contamination+and+toxicology&rft.atitle=Human+exposure+to+polychlorinated+biphenyls+in+a+residential+community.&rft.au=Orloff%2C+K+G%3BDearwent%2C+S%3BMetcalf%2C+S%3BKathman%2C+S%3BTurner%2C+W&rft.aulast=Orloff&rft.aufirst=K&rft.date=2003-01-01&rft.volume=44&rft.issue=1&rft.spage=125&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Archives+of+environmental+contamination+and+toxicology&rft.issn=00904341&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 2003-05-13 N1 - Date created - 2002-11-15 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Toxoplasmosis-related knowledge and practices among pregnant women in the United States. AN - 71551437; 15022874 AB - Infection with Toxoplasma gondii during pregnancy can lead to severe illness in the fetus. Many T. gondii infections are preventable by simple hygienic measures. We surveyed pregnant women in the US to determine their knowledge about toxoplasmosis and their practices to prevent infection. Volunteer obstetricians selected to be demographically representative of the American College of Obstetricians and Gynecologists recruited the participants. Of 403 women responding to the survey, 48% indicated that they had heard or seen information about toxoplasmosis; however, only 7% were aware of being tested for the disease. Forty percent of responding women knew that toxoplasmosis is caused by an infection, but 21% thought that a poison causes it. The highest level of knowledge was about cats and T. gondii; 61% responded that the organism is shed in the feces of infected cats and 60% responded that people could acquire toxoplasmosis by changing cat litter. There was a low level of knowledge about other risk factors; only 30% of the women were aware that T. gondii may be found in raw or undercooked meat. Nevertheless, a high percentage of women indicated that they do not eat undercooked meat during pregnancy and that they practice good hygienic measures such as washing their hands after handling raw meat, gardening or changing cat litter. Except for the risk of transmission from cats, knowledge among pregnant women about toxoplasmosis is low. However, toxoplasmosis-preventive practices are generally good, suggesting that providers should continue to offer education about practices that help prevent foodborne diseases in general as well as information about preventing toxoplasmosis specifically. JF - Infectious diseases in obstetrics and gynecology AU - Jones, Jeffrey L AU - Ogunmodede, Folashade AU - Scheftel, Joni AU - Kirkland, Elizabeth AU - Lopez, Adriana AU - Schulkin, Jay AU - Lynfield, Ruth AD - Division of Parasitic Diseases, Centers for Infectious Diseases, Centers for Disease Control Prevention, Atlanta, GA 30341-3724, USA. jlj1@cdc.gov Y1 - 2003 PY - 2003 DA - 2003 SP - 139 EP - 145 VL - 11 IS - 3 SN - 1064-7449, 1064-7449 KW - Index Medicus KW - Animals KW - Probability KW - Prenatal Care -- methods KW - Humans KW - Chi-Square Distribution KW - Child KW - Pregnancy, High-Risk KW - Risk Assessment KW - Adult KW - Data Collection KW - Adolescent KW - Infectious Disease Transmission, Vertical -- prevention & control KW - Educational Status KW - Toxoplasmosis -- epidemiology KW - Pregnancy KW - Socioeconomic Factors KW - Maternal Age KW - Cats KW - Surveys and Questionnaires KW - Confidence Intervals KW - Incidence KW - Toxoplasmosis -- prevention & control KW - Follow-Up Studies KW - Middle Aged KW - United States -- epidemiology KW - Female KW - Pregnancy Complications, Parasitic -- epidemiology KW - Toxoplasmosis, Congenital -- prevention & control KW - Patient Education as Topic -- methods KW - Pregnancy Complications, Parasitic -- prevention & control KW - Health Knowledge, Attitudes, Practice KW - Pregnancy Outcome UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/71551437?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Infectious+diseases+in+obstetrics+and+gynecology&rft.atitle=Toxoplasmosis-related+knowledge+and+practices+among+pregnant+women+in+the+United+States.&rft.au=Jones%2C+Jeffrey+L%3BOgunmodede%2C+Folashade%3BScheftel%2C+Joni%3BKirkland%2C+Elizabeth%3BLopez%2C+Adriana%3BSchulkin%2C+Jay%3BLynfield%2C+Ruth&rft.aulast=Jones&rft.aufirst=Jeffrey&rft.date=2003-01-01&rft.volume=11&rft.issue=3&rft.spage=139&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Infectious+diseases+in+obstetrics+and+gynecology&rft.issn=10647449&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 2004-04-15 N1 - Date created - 2004-03-16 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - SuppNotes - Cited By: Infect Dis Obstet Gynecol. 2001;9(1):23-31 [11368255] Am J Epidemiol. 2001 Aug 15;154(4):357-65 [11495859] Health Educ Res. 2001 Aug;16(4):493-502 [11525395] Pediatr Infect Dis J. 2001 Dec;20(12):1132-5 [11740319] Epidemiol Infect. 1989 Dec;103(3):539-45 [2606162] Am J Perinatol. 1994 Jan;11(1):57-62 [8155214] Am J Trop Med Hyg. 1999 May;60(5):790-2 [10344654] Emerg Infect Dis. 1999 Sep-Oct;5(5):607-25 [10511517] N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Monitoring the changing organization of work: international practices and new developments in the United States. AN - 71525052; 14758746 AB - Recent trends in the organization of work have raised concerns about their implications for safety and health in the workplace. Capacity for monitoring of these trends from an occupational safety and health perspective (also known as hazard surveillance) varies considerably across countries and regions. This forum article discusses current practices for monitoring the organization of work, noting strengths, limitations, and needs for improvement. Particular attention is given to the status of monitoring practices in the U.S., and new initiatives by the National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH) to improve upon these practices. JF - Sozial- und Praventivmedizin AU - Sauter, Steven L AU - Murphy, Lawrence R AD - National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, Organizational Science and Human Factors Branch, Cincinnati, USA. ssauter@cdc.gov Y1 - 2003 PY - 2003 DA - 2003 SP - 341 EP - 8; discussion 349-60 VL - 48 IS - 6 SN - 0303-8408, 0303-8408 KW - Index Medicus KW - United States KW - Humans KW - Europe KW - National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (U.S.) KW - Safety Management -- organization & administration KW - Risk Assessment KW - Accidents, Occupational -- prevention & control KW - Occupational Diseases -- prevention & control KW - Cross-Cultural Comparison KW - Industry -- organization & administration KW - Workplace -- organization & administration UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/71525052?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Sozial-+und+Praventivmedizin&rft.atitle=Monitoring+the+changing+organization+of+work%3A+international+practices+and+new+developments+in+the+United+States.&rft.au=Sauter%2C+Steven+L%3BMurphy%2C+Lawrence+R&rft.aulast=Sauter&rft.aufirst=Steven&rft.date=2003-01-01&rft.volume=48&rft.issue=6&rft.spage=341&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Sozial-+und+Praventivmedizin&rft.issn=03038408&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 2004-05-04 N1 - Date created - 2004-02-04 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Pre-West Nile virus outbreak: perceptions and practices to prevent mosquito bites and viral encephalitis in the United States. AN - 71515685; 14733669 AB - Mosquitoes can transmit over 100 of the viruses that can cause encephalitis, meningitis, and hemorrhagic disease in humans (Chin 2000; Gubler 1996; Monath 1989). While much is known about the ecology, epidemiology, and clinical manifestations of the arboviral encephalitides (Campbell et al. 2002; Centers for Disease Control and Prevention 1997; Gubler 1998; Hayes 1989; Hubálek and Halouzka 1999), little empirical research exists regarding the U.S. population's knowledge of mosquitoes and arboviral encephalitis, particularly prior to the U.S. outbreak of West Nile virus (WNV) in 1999. A nationally representative 55-item survey instrument was successfully administered to 1,500 adults in the United States and an additional 250 adults in six states in the Northeast (Connecticut, Delaware, New Jersey, New York, Pennsylvania, and Rhode Island) regarding mosquitoes and mosquito-borne viral encephalitis. A summary outcome measure for mosquito bite prevention was created. Analyses revealed that the following were statistically significant predictors of behaviors taken to prevent mosquito bites: being concerned about being bitten by mosquitoes, perceived effectiveness of staying indoors in late afternoon and early evening was protective, perceived effectiveness that mosquito repellent is not harmful to health, owning dogs and/or cats as pets, being married, and being > or = 18-44 years old. Being concerned about being bitten by mosquitoes was the most robust predictor of behavioral action to prevent mosquito bites (OR = 7.3; 95% CI = 4.3, 12.2). Observed misperceptions and inadequate knowledge regarding insect repellents suggest increased promotion of the safety and efficacy of DEET-containing insect repellents is warranted. JF - Vector borne and zoonotic diseases (Larchmont, N.Y.) AU - Herrington, James E AD - Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Office of Global Health, Atlanta, Georgia 30333, USA. jherrington@cdc.gov Y1 - 2003 PY - 2003 DA - 2003 SP - 157 EP - 173 VL - 3 IS - 4 SN - 1530-3667, 1530-3667 KW - Insect Repellents KW - 0 KW - DEET KW - 134-62-3 KW - Index Medicus KW - Animals KW - Humans KW - Insect Repellents -- pharmacology KW - DEET -- pharmacology KW - Cross-Sectional Studies KW - Risk Factors KW - Adult KW - Insect Vectors KW - Surveys and Questionnaires KW - Health Knowledge, Attitudes, Practice KW - Mosquito Control KW - United States -- epidemiology KW - Female KW - Male KW - Encephalitis, Arbovirus -- prevention & control KW - Encephalitis, Arbovirus -- transmission KW - Disease Outbreaks -- prevention & control KW - Encephalitis Viruses -- pathogenicity KW - Insect Bites and Stings -- prevention & control KW - Health Behavior KW - Encephalitis, Arbovirus -- epidemiology KW - Culicidae UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/71515685?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Vector+borne+and+zoonotic+diseases+%28Larchmont%2C+N.Y.%29&rft.atitle=Pre-West+Nile+virus+outbreak%3A+perceptions+and+practices+to+prevent+mosquito+bites+and+viral+encephalitis+in+the+United+States.&rft.au=Herrington%2C+James+E&rft.aulast=Herrington&rft.aufirst=James&rft.date=2003-01-01&rft.volume=3&rft.issue=4&rft.spage=157&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Vector+borne+and+zoonotic+diseases+%28Larchmont%2C+N.Y.%29&rft.issn=15303667&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 2004-05-17 N1 - Date created - 2004-01-21 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - CPAPER T1 - Anomie as It Relates to Marriage: An Exploration of Anomie and Co-Habitation States T2 - Southern Sociological Society AN - 61758705; 2003S41226 AB - Marriage has long been viewed as a normative social institution. Within the last 30 years, an increasing percentage of the population has rejected this institution. The purpose of this paper is to describe Emile Durkheim's theory of anomie as it applies to marriage in Atlanta, GA. The methods that were used to capture the data include nonrandom survey methodology among 118 people, aged 18-64, in Atlanta, GA, from various class & socioeconomic backgrounds, including university students, near-homeless people, members of a conservative military organization, & federal government workers. When applied to this population, anomie proved nonsignificant with regard to marriage, income, & physical health; however, it tested significant for race & mental health. Furthermore, the association was positive for African Americans & negatively associated with better health. In sum, these data found that normlessness was not associated with marriage; however, it was associated with race & mental health. These factors should be taken into consideration when planning pro-marriage interventions. JF - Southern Sociological Society AU - Stephens, Dorothy E Y1 - 2003///0, PY - 2003 DA - 0, 2003 KW - Marriage KW - Anomie KW - Atlanta, Georgia KW - Marriage Patterns KW - proceeding KW - 1941: the family and socialization; sociology of the family, marriage, & divorce UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/61758705?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Asocabs&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=conference&rft.jtitle=Southern+Sociological+Society&rft.atitle=Anomie+as+It+Relates+to+Marriage%3A+An+Exploration+of+Anomie+and+Co-Habitation+States&rft.au=Stephens%2C+Dorothy+E&rft.aulast=Stephens&rft.aufirst=Dorothy&rft.date=2003-01-01&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Southern+Sociological+Society&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - Sociological Abstracts N1 - Date revised - 2009-03-10 N1 - Publication note - 2003 N1 - Last updated - 2016-09-28 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Factors Associated with Perceptions of, and Decisional Balance for, Condom Use with Main Partner among Women at Risk for HIV Infection AN - 61500593; 200400495 AB - We examined factors associated with women's perceived advantages (pros), perceived disadvantages (cons), & decisional balance (standardized pros score minus standardized cons score) for condom use with main partner. Data from 1,938 young sexually active women who lived in five US cities where the risk for human immunodeficiency virus is high were analyzed by using logistic, ordinal, & multiple linear regression analysis. For the pros scale of condom use, 27% of the women had low scores, & 33% had moderate scores. For the cons scale, 27% had moderate scores, & 5% had high scores. Of the total, 47% had a negative score on the decisional balance measure. Older age, living with a spouse or partner, or binge drinking was associated with lower pros scores & with a negative score on the decisional balance measure. Income from public assistance was associated with higher pros scores. Income from a spouse or partner or a history of sexually transmitted disease was associated with lower pros scores. Multiple sex partners or being at risk for HIV infection (based on perceptions of the main partner's behaviors) was associated with higher cons scores. Income from a job was associated with a positive score on the decisional balance measure. Our analysis identified the characteristics of women who have low pros scores, high cons scores, & negative decisional balance scores. The regression results can inform our work in HIV prevention on whether to focus on the pros, the cons, or both to obtain positive decisional balance scores & increase condom use in situations that warrant protective behaviors. 3 Tables, 44 References. Adapted from the source document. COPIES ARE AVAILABLE FROM: HAWORTH DOCUMENT DELIVERY CENTER, The Haworth Press, Inc., 10 Alice Street, Binghamton, NY 13904-1580 JF - Women & Health AU - Semaan, Salaam AU - Lauby, Jennifer AU - O'Connell, Ann Aileen AU - Cohen, Abigail AD - CDC, Atlanta, GA Y1 - 2003///0, PY - 2003 DA - 0, 2003 SP - 53 EP - 69 VL - 37 IS - 3 SN - 0363-0242, 0363-0242 KW - Condoms KW - Sexual Behavior KW - Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndrome KW - Females KW - article KW - 6126: acquired immune deficiency syndrome (AIDS) UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/61500593?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Asocialservices&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Women+%26+Health&rft.atitle=Factors+Associated+with+Perceptions+of%2C+and+Decisional+Balance+for%2C+Condom+Use+with+Main+Partner+among+Women+at+Risk+for+HIV+Infection&rft.au=Semaan%2C+Salaam%3BLauby%2C+Jennifer%3BO%27Connell%2C+Ann+Aileen%3BCohen%2C+Abigail&rft.aulast=Semaan&rft.aufirst=Salaam&rft.date=2003-01-01&rft.volume=37&rft.issue=3&rft.spage=53&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Women+%26+Health&rft.issn=03630242&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - Social Services Abstracts N1 - Date revised - 2007-05-01 N1 - Last updated - 2016-09-28 N1 - CODEN - WOHEDI N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Females; Sexual Behavior; Condoms; Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndrome ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Initiating informatics and GIS support for a field investigation of Bioterrorism: The New Jersey anthrax experience AN - 19671966; 7249771 AB - The investigation of potential exposure to anthrax spores in a Trenton, New Jersey, mail-processing facility required rapid assessment of informatics needs and adaptation of existing informatics tools to new physical and information- processing environments. Because the affected building and its computers were closed down, data to list potentially exposed persons and map building floor plans were unavailable from the primary source. Results Controlling the effects of anthrax contamination required identification and follow-up of potentially exposed persons. Risk of exposure had to be estimated from the geographic relationship between work history and environmental sample sites within the contaminated facility. To assist in establishing geographic relationships, floor plan maps of the postal facility were constructed in ArcView Geographic Information System (GIS) software and linked to a database of personnel and visitors using Epi Info and Epi Map 2000. A repository for maintaining the latest versions of various documents was set up using Web page hyperlinks. Conclusions During public health emergencies, such as bioterrorist attacks and disease epidemics, computerized information systems for data management, analysis, and communication may be needed within hours of beginning the investigation. Available sources of data and output requirements of the system may be changed frequently during the course of the investigation. Integrating data from a variety of sources may require entering or importing data from a variety of digital and paper formats. Spatial representation of data is particularly valuable for assessing environmental exposure. Written documents, guidelines, and memos important to the epidemic were frequently revised. In this investigation, a database was operational on the second day and the GIS component during the second week of the investigation. JF - International Journal of Health Geographics AU - Zubieta, Juan Carlos AU - Skinner, Ric AU - Dean, Andrew G AD - Former address:Division of Public Health Surveillance and Informatics (DPHSI), Epidemiology Program Office (EPO), Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), Atlanta, GA 30341, USA, jzubieta@earthlink.net Y1 - 2003 PY - 2003 DA - 2003 PB - BioMed Central Ltd., Middlesex House 34-42 Cleveland Street London W1T 4LB UK, [mailto:info@biomedcentral.com], [URL:http://www.biomedcentral.com] VL - 2 SN - 1476-072X, 1476-072X KW - Risk Abstracts KW - Article No. 8 KW - Environmental monitoring KW - Historical account KW - USA, New Jersey KW - bioterrorism KW - Remote sensing KW - Disasters KW - anthrax KW - adaptability KW - Public health KW - Computer programs KW - Communications KW - informatics KW - guidelines KW - Geographic information systems KW - Information systems KW - R2 23060:Medical and environmental health UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/19671966?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Ariskabstracts&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=International+Journal+of+Health+Geographics&rft.atitle=Initiating+informatics+and+GIS+support+for+a+field+investigation+of+Bioterrorism%3A+The+New+Jersey+anthrax+experience&rft.au=Zubieta%2C+Juan+Carlos%3BSkinner%2C+Ric%3BDean%2C+Andrew+G&rft.aulast=Zubieta&rft.aufirst=Juan&rft.date=2003-01-01&rft.volume=2&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=International+Journal+of+Health+Geographics&rft.issn=1476072X&rft_id=info:doi/10.1186%2F1476-072X-2-8 LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2009-03-01 N1 - Last updated - 2015-03-30 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Environmental monitoring; Historical account; bioterrorism; Disasters; Remote sensing; anthrax; Public health; adaptability; Computer programs; Communications; informatics; guidelines; Geographic information systems; Information systems; USA, New Jersey DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/1476-072X-2-8 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Challenges for Risk Assessors AN - 19609418; 7322562 AB - At the early part of the 21st century, occupational safety and health risk assessors face a variety of challenges. In addition to technical issues, the challenges for risk assessors include: assessment of risks of mixtures/and synergistic effects; incorporation of biological information into risk assessments; development of different ways of presenting risk information to better inform policy makers and the public; better expressions of uncertainty and assumptions; and harmonization of assessments across agencies and countries. All of these challenges will occur against a background of unfolding understanding of human and other genomes. Risk assessors will be motivated and pressured to use genomic and related technologies, but ethical, social, and technical issues need to be addressed before widespread use. JF - Human and Ecological Risk Assessment AU - Schulte, P AD - National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, Robert Taft Labs, MS C14, 4676 Columbia Parkway, Cincinnati, OH 45226, PSchulte@cdc.gov Y1 - 2003/01// PY - 2003 DA - Jan 2003 SP - 439 EP - 445 PB - CRC Press LLC, 2000 Corporate Blvd., NW Boca Raton FL 33431 USA, [mailto:journals@crcpress.com], [URL:http://www.crcpress.com] VL - 9 IS - 1 SN - 1080-7039, 1080-7039 KW - Risk Abstracts; Health & Safety Science Abstracts KW - risk assessment KW - models KW - uncertainty KW - mechanisms KW - genomics KW - Uncertainty KW - Ethics KW - Occupational safety KW - Occupational health KW - Technology KW - R2 23080:Industrial and labor KW - H 1000:Occupational Safety and Health UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/19609418?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Ariskabstracts&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Human+and+Ecological+Risk+Assessment&rft.atitle=Challenges+for+Risk+Assessors&rft.au=Schulte%2C+P&rft.aulast=Schulte&rft.aufirst=P&rft.date=2003-01-01&rft.volume=9&rft.issue=1&rft.spage=439&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Human+and+Ecological+Risk+Assessment&rft.issn=10807039&rft_id=info:doi/10.1080%2F1080703031877212 LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2007-04-01 N1 - Last updated - 2015-04-01 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Uncertainty; Ethics; Occupational safety; Technology; Occupational health DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/1080703031877212 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - The relation of menarcheal age to obesity in childhood and adulthood: the Bogalusa heart study AN - 19406849; 6226559 AB - Background: Several studies have shown that girls who undergo menarche at a relatively young age tend to be more obese as adults. However, because childhood (pre-menarcheal) levels of weight and height are associated with an earlier menarche, the increased prevalence of adult obesity among early maturers may largely reflect the persistence of childhood obesity into adulthood. Methods: We examined these interrelationships among 1179 girls (65% white, 35% black) who were examined as children (mean age, 9 y), adolescents, and adults (mean age, 26 y) in the Bogalusa Heart Study. Results: Both white and black women who reported that they underwent menarche before age 12 y had, on average, higher adult levels of weight (+10 kg), body mass index (BMI, +4 kg/m super(2)) and skinfold thicknesses (+6 mm) than did women who underwent menarche after age 13.5 y. However, relatively fat children tended to undergo menarche earlier than did thinner children, with each standard deviation increase in pre-menarcheal BMI increasing the odds of early menarche (<12 y) by approximately 2-fold. Stratified and regression analyses indicated that (1) adult obesity was more strongly associated with childhood obesity than with menarcheal age, and (2) about 60% to 75% of the apparent effect of menarcheal age was due to the influence of childhood obesity on both menarcheal age and adult obesity. Conclusions: Although additional longitudinal studies are needed, it is likely that the importance of early menarche in adult obesity has been overestimated. Most of apparent influence of menarcheal age on adult obesity is attributable to the association of childhood obesity with both menarcheal age and adult obesity. JF - BMC Pediatrics AU - Freedman, David S AU - Khan, Laura Kettel AU - Serdula, Mary K AU - Dietz, William H AU - Srinivasan, Sathanur R AU - Berenson, Gerald S AD - Division of Nutrition and Physical Activity, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA USA, DFreedman@cdc.gov Y1 - 2003 PY - 2003 DA - 2003 PB - BioMed Central Ltd., Middlesex House 34-42 Cleveland Street London W1T 4LB UK, [mailto:info@biomedcentral.com], [URL:http://www.biomedcentral.com] VL - 3 KW - Physical Education Index KW - Longitudinal studies KW - Heart KW - Obesity KW - Age KW - Blacks KW - Pediatrics KW - Adolescence KW - Body mass KW - Women KW - Height KW - Adults KW - Children KW - Weight KW - Analysis KW - Girls KW - Youth KW - PE 030:Exercise, Health & Physical Fitness UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/19406849?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aphysicaleducation&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=BMC+Pediatrics&rft.atitle=The+relation+of+menarcheal+age+to+obesity+in+childhood+and+adulthood%3A+the+Bogalusa+heart+study&rft.au=Freedman%2C+David+S%3BKhan%2C+Laura+Kettel%3BSerdula%2C+Mary+K%3BDietz%2C+William+H%3BSrinivasan%2C+Sathanur+R%3BBerenson%2C+Gerald+S&rft.aulast=Freedman&rft.aufirst=David&rft.date=2003-01-01&rft.volume=3&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=BMC+Pediatrics&rft.issn=1471-2431&rft_id=info:doi/10.1186%2F1471-2431-3-3 L2 - http://www.biomedcentral.com/14712431/3/3 LA - English DB - Physical Education Index N1 - Date revised - 2007-06-01 N1 - Last updated - 2015-04-01 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Heart; Longitudinal studies; Obesity; Age; Pediatrics; Blacks; Body mass; Adolescence; Women; Height; Adults; Children; Weight; Girls; Analysis; Youth DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/1471-2431-3-3 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Effects of environmental and job-task factors on workers' gait characteristics on slippery surfaces AN - 19269461; 5843723 AB - The objective of this study was to investigate the kinetic and kinematic aspects of slips associated with gait on a slippery surface under various environmental and job-task risk factors. Forty healthy industrial workers (age: 40.3 plus or minus 14.9 years) participated in the study. Using a strain gauge type force platform and a video-based motion analysis system, kinetic and kinematic measurements of the subjects' foot movements were obtained. Of all gait trials, there were 1558 slips (60.9%). Slips were likely to occur when subjects were negotiating a turning path and an oily surface. Greater anterior-posterior center of pressure (CP) excursion and maximum required coefficient of friction (RCOF) were found for oily surfaces compared to dry surfaces. Subjects changed their gait patterns by shortening their stride length, slowing walking speed, and decreasing heel contact angle in the poorly lit and slippery environment. Significant correlations were found between slip occurrence and anterior-posterior CP excursion, mean RCOF, sliding distance and sliding velocity, but not the coefficient of friction (COF) of shoes. In addition to good housekeeping and proper selection of floor materials and safety shoes, slip and fall prevention should include proper workers' training in dealing with risk factors of slips and falls in the workplace. JF - Occupational Ergonomics AU - Chiou, S S AU - Bhattacharya, A AU - Lai, C-F AU - Succop, P A AD - NIOSH, DSR, 1095 Willowdale Rd. M/S G-800, Morgantown, WV 26505, USA, schiou@cdc.gov Y1 - 2003 PY - 2003 DA - 2003 SP - 209 EP - 223 VL - 3 IS - 4 SN - 1359-9364, 1359-9364 KW - falls KW - floors KW - slips KW - Health & Safety Science Abstracts KW - Occupational safety KW - Ergonomics KW - H 10000:Ergonomics/Human Factors UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/19269461?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Ahealthsafetyabstracts&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Occupational+Ergonomics&rft.atitle=Effects+of+environmental+and+job-task+factors+on+workers%27+gait+characteristics+on+slippery+surfaces&rft.au=Chiou%2C+S+S%3BBhattacharya%2C+A%3BLai%2C+C-F%3BSuccop%2C+P+A&rft.aulast=Chiou&rft.aufirst=S&rft.date=2003-01-01&rft.volume=3&rft.issue=4&rft.spage=209&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Occupational+Ergonomics&rft.issn=13599364&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Ergonomics; Occupational safety ER - TY - JOUR T1 - In Vitro Activities of Daptomycin, Linezolid, and Quinupristin-Dalfopristin against a Challenge Panel of Staphylococci and Enterococci, Including Vancomycin-Intermediate Staphylococcus aureus and Vancomycin-Resistant Enterococcus faecium AN - 19269269; 5843609 AB - We assessed the in vitro activities of daptomycin, linezolid, and quinupristin-dalfopristin (QD) against a contemporary challenge panel of 88 staphylococcal and 90 enterococcal isolates. The staphylococci selected included vancomycin-intermediate Staphylococcus aureus (VISA), methicillin-resistant S. aureus, and coagulase-negative staphylococci. Enterococcal isolates included vancomycin-resistant Enterococcus faecium (VREF) containing either vanA, vanB1, or vanD. The MICs of daptomycin, linezolid, and QD were determined using commercial broth microdilution panels. All three VISA isolates were susceptible to daptomycin, linezolid, and QD. QD was the most active agent against staphylococcal isolates (MIC sub(50) less than or equal to 0.5 mu g/ml and MIC sub(90) = 1 mu g/ml), including those with decreased susceptibility to vancomycin. QD was also the most active agent against VREF (MIC sub(90) less than or equal to 0.5 mu g/ml). No differences were seen for susceptibility of vanA, vanB1, and vanD VREF strains for daptomycin, linezolid, or QD. Daptomycin was the most effective against E. faecalis. On the basis of manufacturer-suggested interpretive criteria, 92% of isolates were susceptible (MIC sub(90) = 4 mu g/ml). All isolates tested were susceptible to at least one antimicrobial agent for which interpretive criteria have been defined. Population analysis of three S. aureus isolates for which the daptomycin MICs were 8 mu g/ml showed a pattern of homogeneous resistance. JF - Microbial Drug Resistance AU - Jevitt, LA AU - Smith, A J AU - Williams, P P AU - Raney, P M AU - McGowan, JE Jr AU - Tenover, F C AD - Division of Healthcare Quality Promotion (G-08), Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, 1600 Clifton Road, N.E., Atlanta, GA 30333, USA, lgj9@cdc.gov Y1 - 2003 PY - 2003 DA - 2003 SP - 389 EP - 393 VL - 9 IS - 4 SN - 1076-6294, 1076-6294 KW - Microbiology Abstracts B: Bacteriology KW - Dalfopristin KW - Methicillin KW - Vancomycin KW - quinupristin KW - Staphylococcus aureus KW - Minimum inhibitory concentration KW - Linezolid KW - Antibiotic resistance KW - daptomycin KW - Enterococcus faecium KW - J 02783:Antibiotics: General UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/19269269?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologyb&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Microbial+Drug+Resistance&rft.atitle=In+Vitro+Activities+of+Daptomycin%2C+Linezolid%2C+and+Quinupristin-Dalfopristin+against+a+Challenge+Panel+of+Staphylococci+and+Enterococci%2C+Including+Vancomycin-Intermediate+Staphylococcus+aureus+and+Vancomycin-Resistant+Enterococcus+faecium&rft.au=Jevitt%2C+LA%3BSmith%2C+A+J%3BWilliams%2C+P+P%3BRaney%2C+P+M%3BMcGowan%2C+JE+Jr%3BTenover%2C+F+C&rft.aulast=Jevitt&rft.aufirst=LA&rft.date=2003-01-01&rft.volume=9&rft.issue=4&rft.spage=389&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Microbial+Drug+Resistance&rft.issn=10766294&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Enterococcus faecium; Staphylococcus aureus; daptomycin; Methicillin; Linezolid; Minimum inhibitory concentration; quinupristin; Dalfopristin; Vancomycin; Antibiotic resistance ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Public Health Consequences of Use of Antimicrobial Agents in Food Animals in the United States AN - 19269054; 5843607 AB - The use of antimicrobial agents in food animals has caused concern regarding the impact these uses have on human health. Use of antimicrobial agents in animals and humans results in the emergence and dissemination of resistant bacteria. Resistant bacteria from food animals may be passed through the food chain to humans resulting in resistant infections. Increasing resistance to antimicrobial agents that are important in the treatment of human diseases, such as fluoroquinolones and third-generation cephalosporins for the treatment of Salmonella and Campylobacter infections, has significant public health implications. Efforts to mitigate the effects of increasing resistance require collaboration by several partners, including the farming, veterinary, medical, and public health communities. JF - Microbial Drug Resistance AU - Anderson, AD AU - Nelson, J M AU - Rossiter, S AU - Angulo, F J AD - Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, 1600 Clifton Road, MS D-63, Atlanta, GA 30333, USA, fangulo@cdc.gov Y1 - 2003 PY - 2003 DA - 2003 SP - 373 EP - 379 VL - 9 IS - 4 SN - 1076-6294, 1076-6294 KW - cephalosporins KW - Microbiology Abstracts A: Industrial & Applied Microbiology; Microbiology Abstracts B: Bacteriology KW - Bacteria KW - Animals KW - Fluoroquinolones KW - Drug resistance KW - Food KW - Campylobacter KW - Antimicrobial agents KW - Public health KW - Salmonella KW - A 01064:Microbial resistance KW - J 02814:Drug resistance UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/19269054?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologyb&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Microbial+Drug+Resistance&rft.atitle=Public+Health+Consequences+of+Use+of+Antimicrobial+Agents+in+Food+Animals+in+the+United+States&rft.au=Anderson%2C+AD%3BNelson%2C+J+M%3BRossiter%2C+S%3BAngulo%2C+F+J&rft.aulast=Anderson&rft.aufirst=AD&rft.date=2003-01-01&rft.volume=9&rft.issue=4&rft.spage=373&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Microbial+Drug+Resistance&rft.issn=10766294&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Salmonella; Campylobacter; Public health; Antimicrobial agents; Animals; Food; Drug resistance; Fluoroquinolones; Bacteria ER - TY - JOUR T1 - The effect of drywall lifting method on workers' balance in a laboratory-based simulation AN - 19265477; 5843725 AB - Voluntary body movement can import a perturbation to the postural stability/balance of a human body. Heavy manual material handling such as drywall lifting may increase this perturbation. The objective of this laboratory-based study was to quantify workers' postural stability while lifting drywall sheets through kinetic and kinematic analyses, and to identify the drywall lifting methods that caused the least perturbation on workers' balance. Sixty male construction workers participated in this study. A simulated drywall-lifting workstation was built and all subjects performed one of the four randomly assigned lifting methods. Kinetic and kinematic measurements were synchronized and collected using a piezoelectric force platform and a five-camera motion analysis system. Both center-of-pressure (COP) and center-of-mass (COM) data were analyzed to assess workers' postural stability. Univariate analyses and principal component analyses (PCA) were used to analyze 13 COP-based and 21 COM-based variables. Results from the univariate analyses and PCA significantly indicated that the three horizontal lifting methods created less perturbation than the vertical lifting method. Based on the results of this study and prior studies, it is concluded that horizontal lifting with both hands on top of the drywall appears to be the best work practice to reduce manual drywall handling hazards associated with fall potential and overexertion injuries. JF - Occupational Ergonomics AU - Pan, C S AU - Chiou, S AU - Hendricks, S AD - Devision of Safety Research, National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, 1095 Willowdale Rd., MS-G800, Morgantown, WV, 26505, USA, cpan@cdc.gov Y1 - 2003 PY - 2003 DA - 2003 SP - 235 EP - 249 VL - 3 IS - 4 SN - 1359-9364, 1359-9364 KW - drywall lifting KW - falls KW - lifting KW - Health & Safety Science Abstracts KW - Injuries KW - Materials handling KW - Occupational safety KW - Ergonomics KW - Construction industry KW - H 10000:Ergonomics/Human Factors UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/19265477?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Ahealthsafetyabstracts&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Occupational+Ergonomics&rft.atitle=The+effect+of+drywall+lifting+method+on+workers%27+balance+in+a+laboratory-based+simulation&rft.au=Pan%2C+C+S%3BChiou%2C+S%3BHendricks%2C+S&rft.aulast=Pan&rft.aufirst=C&rft.date=2003-01-01&rft.volume=3&rft.issue=4&rft.spage=235&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Occupational+Ergonomics&rft.issn=13599364&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Occupational safety; Construction industry; Ergonomics; Materials handling; Injuries ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Ephedrine-Induced Cardiac Ischemia: Exposure Confirmed with a Serum Level AN - 19236190; 5807702 AB - The temporal association of symptoms consistent with ephedrine toxicity after ingestion of ephedrine-containing dietary supplements is heavily relied upon to confirm exposure. Few reports in the literature attempt to associate toxicity with serum levels of these drugs. We report a case of ephedrine-induced cardiac ischemia confirmed by a plasma level. A 22-year-old woman ingesting an ephedrine- and caffeine-containing product for 2 days presented with multiple symptoms, including palpitations, nausea, tremulousness, abdominal pain, and vomiting. The initial electrocardiogram (ECG) revealed a normal sinus rhythm with 1 mm of ST segment depression in leads V3 and V4, along with inverted T waves in leads V1-V4. Her symptoms and ST segment depression resolved over several hours with medical management. The amplitude of her T wave inversions notably diminished with therapy; however, they did not completely resolve. Troponins at presentation and the following morning were negative, and an echocardiogram showed only trace tricuspid regurgitation. A serum ephedrine level, drawn approximately 6 to 7 hr after ingestion, was 150 ng/mL. She was discharged from the hospital after being instructed to avoid ephedrine-containing products. JF - Journal of Toxicology: Clinical Toxicology AU - Schier, J G AU - Traub, S J AU - Hoffman, R S AU - Nelson, L S AD - CDC/NCEH/EHHE/HSB MS E-23, 1600 Clifton Road, NE, Atlanta, GA 30333, USA, jschier@pol.net Y1 - 2003 PY - 2003 DA - 2003 SP - 849 EP - 853 VL - 41 IS - 6 SN - 0731-3810, 0731-3810 KW - man KW - case reports KW - herbal supplements KW - Toxicology Abstracts KW - Heart KW - Myocardial ischemia KW - Ephedrine KW - X 24120:Food, additives & contaminants UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/19236190?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxicologyabstracts&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Toxicology%3A+Clinical+Toxicology&rft.atitle=Ephedrine-Induced+Cardiac+Ischemia%3A+Exposure+Confirmed+with+a+Serum+Level&rft.au=Schier%2C+J+G%3BTraub%2C+S+J%3BHoffman%2C+R+S%3BNelson%2C+L+S&rft.aulast=Schier&rft.aufirst=J&rft.date=2003-01-01&rft.volume=41&rft.issue=6&rft.spage=849&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+Toxicology%3A+Clinical+Toxicology&rft.issn=07313810&rft_id=info:doi/10.1081%2FCLT-120025350 LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Ephedrine; Myocardial ischemia; Heart DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1081/CLT-120025350 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - The concept of degraded images applied to hazard recognition training in mining for reduction of lost-time injuries AN - 19235012; 5810131 AB - Introduction: This paper discusses the application of a training intervention that uses degraded images for improving the hazard recognition skills of miners. Method: NIOSH researchers, in an extensive literature review, identified fundamental psychological principles on perception that may be employed to enhance the ability of miners to recognize and respond to hazards in their dangerous work environment. Three studies were conducted to evaluate the effectiveness of the degraded image training intervention. A model of hazard recognition was developed to guide the study. Results: In the first study, miners from Pennsylvania, West Virginia and Alabama, who were taught with the aid of degraded images, scored significantly better on follow-up hazard recognition performance measures than those trained using traditional instructional methodologies. The second and third studies investigated the effectiveness of the training intervention at two mining companies. Data collected over a 3-year period showed that lost-time injuries at mines in Alabama and Illinois declined soon after the training intervention was instituted. Impact on Industry: Further exploration of the hazard recognition model and the development of other interventions based on the model could support the validity of the steps in the hazard recognition model. JF - Journal of Safety Research AU - Kowalski-Trakofler, K M AU - Barrett, E A AD - National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH), Pittsburgh Research Laboratory, 626 Cochrans Mill Road, Pittsburgh, PA 15236, USA, kkowalski@cdc.gov Y1 - 2003 PY - 2003 DA - 2003 SP - 515 EP - 525 PB - Elsevier Science Ltd., Pergamon, P.O. Box 800 Kidlington Oxford OX5 1DX UK, [mailto:nlinfo-f@elsevier.nl], [URL:http://www.elsevier.nl] VL - 34 IS - 5 SN - 0022-4375, 0022-4375 KW - Health & Safety Science Abstracts; Risk Abstracts KW - Occupational safety KW - Hazards KW - Accidents KW - Mining KW - R2 23080:Industrial and labor KW - H 1000:Occupational Safety and Health UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/19235012?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Ariskabstracts&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Safety+Research&rft.atitle=The+concept+of+degraded+images+applied+to+hazard+recognition+training+in+mining+for+reduction+of+lost-time+injuries&rft.au=Kowalski-Trakofler%2C+K+M%3BBarrett%2C+E+A&rft.aulast=Kowalski-Trakofler&rft.aufirst=K&rft.date=2003-01-01&rft.volume=34&rft.issue=5&rft.spage=515&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+Safety+Research&rft.issn=00224375&rft_id=info:doi/10.1016%2Fj.jsr.2003.05.004 LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Mining; Occupational safety; Hazards; Accidents DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jsr.2003.05.004 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Visual and ocular changes associated with exposure to two tertiary amines AN - 19222897; 5797102 AB - Aims: To determine if exposure to dimethylisopropanolamine (DMIPA) and dimethylaminoethanol (DMAE) in a label printing plant was associated with visual disturbances and/or ocular changes. Methods: Questionnaires, eye examinations (visual acuity, contrast sensitivity at 2.5% and 1.25% contrast, slit lamp biomicroscopy, and pachymetry), and industrial hygiene monitoring for DMIPA and DMAE were performed over a two week period. Results: Eighty nine per cent of line workers reported having experienced blurry vision while at work in the past 12 months, compared to 12.5% of prime workers. A total of 108 full shift personal breathing zone (PBZ) air samples for the amines were collected. The mean time weighted average (TWA) concentration of DMIPA was significantly higher in the line division than in the prime division, as was the mean TWA concentration for total amines. The mean TWA concentration of DMAE was higher in the prime division than the line division. Higher levels of total amines were associated with increased risk of reporting blurry vision, halo vision, and blue-grey vision. The risk of corneal opacity rose with increasing exposure to total amines. The prevalence of corneal opacity also increased with increasing concentration of total amines. Median corneal thickness increased with increasing grades of corneal opacity. There was a statistically significant relation between total amine concentration and increased risk of reduced bilateral visual acuity and 2.5% contrast sensitivity. Conclusions: Exposure to tertiary amines was associated with blurry, halo, and blue-grey vision, corneal opacity, and decrements in visual acuity and contrast sensitivity at 2.5% contrast. JF - Occupational and Environmental Medicine AU - Page, E H AU - Cook, C K AU - Hater, MA AU - Mueller, CA AU - Grote, A A AU - Mortimer, V D AD - Division of Surveillance, Hazard Evaluations, and Field Studies, National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, 4676 Columbia Parkway, MS R-10, Cincinnati, Ohio 45226-1998, USA, edp7@cdc.gov Y1 - 2003/01// PY - 2003 DA - Jan 2003 SP - 69 EP - 75 VL - 60 IS - 1 SN - 1351-0711, 1351-0711 KW - dimethylaminoethanol KW - dimethylisopropanolamine KW - Health & Safety Science Abstracts KW - Vision KW - Printing industry KW - Occupational exposure KW - H 1000:Occupational Safety and Health UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/19222897?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Ahealthsafetyabstracts&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Occupational+and+Environmental+Medicine&rft.atitle=Visual+and+ocular+changes+associated+with+exposure+to+two+tertiary+amines&rft.au=Page%2C+E+H%3BCook%2C+C+K%3BHater%2C+MA%3BMueller%2C+CA%3BGrote%2C+A+A%3BMortimer%2C+V+D&rft.aulast=Page&rft.aufirst=E&rft.date=2003-01-01&rft.volume=60&rft.issue=1&rft.spage=69&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Occupational+and+Environmental+Medicine&rft.issn=13510711&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Printing industry; Occupational exposure; Vision ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Evaluation of a safety training program in three food service companies AN - 19219577; 5810128 AB - Problem: Outcome measures for safety training effectiveness research often do not include measures such as occupational injury experience. Effectiveness mediators also receive sparse attention. Method: A new safety training curriculum was delivered to workers in a stratified random sample of food service facilities across three companies. A similar group of facilities received usual training. We collected post-test measures of demographic variables, safety knowledge, perceptions of transfer of training climate, and workers' compensation claim data for one year after the initial training activities. Results: Knowledge test scores were apparently higher in the new-training units than in the usual-training units. Some demographic variables were inconsistently associated with these differences. Evidence for reduction of the injury rate associated with the new training was observed from two companies but only approached significance for one company. A second company revealed a similar but non-significant trend. Knowledge scores were not significantly associated with lower injury rates. Discussion: We found evidence that safety training increases knowledge and reduces injuries. We found almost no evidence of effects of training effectiveness mediators, including no relationship between safety knowledge and injury experience. Methodological issues related to conducting a large study may have influenced these results. Impact on Industry: Although safety training leads to greater knowledge and, in some cases, reduced occupational injuries, the influence of mediating variables remains to be fully explained. JF - Journal of Safety Research AU - Sinclair, R C AU - Smith, R AU - Colligan, M AU - Prince, M AU - Nguyen, T AU - Stayner, L AD - National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH), 4676 Columbia Parkway, MS C-10, Cincinnati, OH 45226, USA, Rsinclair@cdc.gov Y1 - 2003 PY - 2003 DA - 2003 SP - 547 EP - 558 PB - Elsevier Science Ltd., Pergamon, P.O. Box 800 Kidlington Oxford OX5 1DX UK, [mailto:nlinfo-f@elsevier.nl], [URL:http://www.elsevier.nl] VL - 34 IS - 5 SN - 0022-4375, 0022-4375 KW - Health & Safety Science Abstracts KW - Accidents KW - Injuries KW - Training KW - Occupational safety KW - H 1000:Occupational Safety and Health UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/19219577?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Ahealthsafetyabstracts&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Safety+Research&rft.atitle=Evaluation+of+a+safety+training+program+in+three+food+service+companies&rft.au=Sinclair%2C+R+C%3BSmith%2C+R%3BColligan%2C+M%3BPrince%2C+M%3BNguyen%2C+T%3BStayner%2C+L&rft.aulast=Sinclair&rft.aufirst=R&rft.date=2003-01-01&rft.volume=34&rft.issue=5&rft.spage=547&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+Safety+Research&rft.issn=00224375&rft_id=info:doi/10.1016%2Fj.jsr.2003.03.003 LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Occupational safety; Training; Accidents; Injuries DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jsr.2003.03.003 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Strength demands of line handlers on the Panama canal AN - 19215293; 5790763 AB - Vessels transiting the Panama Canal are guided through the locks using locomotives attached by means of towlines (made of wire rope), which are fastened to bitts on the deck by line handlers. The latter activity requires high pulling strength demands and is thought to be a cause of the high incidence of low back disorders in these workers. At the invitation of the Panama Canal Commission, NIOSH researchers evaluated the strength demands of line handlers and the strength capabilities of a line handling crew. Strength demands measured during a transit indicated high pulling force demands for attaching ropes to the bow and stem bitts (> 1000 N), but lower force requirements for midships bitts (< 400 N). Tests of pulling strength capabilities of a line handling crew suggest that at least 4-5 line handlers are needed to perform the most demanding tasks. When pulling upwards or downwards on a rope in a team effort, ordering the crew according to stature appears important. Simulation of slippery deck conditions resulted in a 13% decrease in team pulling strength. Though the short duration of the study prevented an extensive evaluation, the data obtained provides insight into the design aspects of occupations where team-pulling activities are required. JF - Occupational Ergonomics AU - Gallagher, S AU - Unger, R L AD - National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, Pittsburgh Research Laboratory, PO Box 18070, Pittsburgh, PA 15236, USA, sgallagher@cdc.gov Y1 - 2003 PY - 2003 DA - 2003 SP - 173 EP - 184 VL - 3 IS - 3 SN - 1359-9364, 1359-9364 KW - line handlers KW - working conditions KW - Health & Safety Science Abstracts KW - Panama KW - Canals KW - Ergonomics KW - Design KW - H 10000:Ergonomics/Human Factors UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/19215293?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Ahealthsafetyabstracts&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Occupational+Ergonomics&rft.atitle=Strength+demands+of+line+handlers+on+the+Panama+canal&rft.au=Gallagher%2C+S%3BUnger%2C+R+L&rft.aulast=Gallagher&rft.aufirst=S&rft.date=2003-01-01&rft.volume=3&rft.issue=3&rft.spage=173&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Occupational+Ergonomics&rft.issn=13599364&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Panama; Design; Ergonomics; Canals ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Information dissemination and use: Critical components in occupational safety and health AN - 18856211; 5748035 AB - Information dissemination is a mandated, but understudied, requirement of occupational and environmental health laws and voluntary initiatives. Research is needed on the factors that enhance and limit the development, transfer, and use of occupational safety and health information (OSH). Contemporary changes in the workforce, workplaces, and the nature of work will require new emphasis on the dissemination of information to foster prevention. Legislative and regulatory requirements and voluntary initiatives for dissemination of OSH information were identified and assessed. Literature on information dissemination was reviewed to identify important issues and useful approaches. More than 20 sections of laws and regulations were identified that mandated dissemination of occupational and environmental safety and health information. A four-stage approach for tracking dissemination and considering the flow of information was delineated. Special areas of dissemination were identified: the information needs of the changing workforce, new and young workers; small businesses; and workers with difficulty in understanding or reading English. We offer a framework for dissemination of OSH information and underscore the need to focus on the extent to which decision-makers and others receive and use such information. More solid data are also needed on current investments in disseminating, diffusing and applying OSH information and on the utility of that information. JF - American Journal of Industrial Medicine AU - Schulte, P A AU - Okun, A AU - Stephenson, C M AU - Colligan, M AU - Ahlers, H AU - Gjessing, C AU - Loos, G AU - Niemeier, R W AU - Sweeney, M H AD - National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH), Education and Information Division, Columbia Parkway, Cincinnati, Ohio, pas4@cdc.gov Y1 - 2003 PY - 2003 DA - 2003 SP - 515 EP - 531 PB - John Wiley & Sons, Inc., 111 River Street Hoboken NJ 07030 USA, [mailto:custserv@wiley.com], [URL:http://www.wiley.com/] VL - 44 IS - 5 SN - 0271-3586, 0271-3586 KW - information dissemination KW - Health & Safety Science Abstracts KW - H 1000:Occupational Safety and Health UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/18856211?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Ahealthsafetyabstracts&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=American+Journal+of+Industrial+Medicine&rft.atitle=Information+dissemination+and+use%3A+Critical+components+in+occupational+safety+and+health&rft.au=Schulte%2C+P+A%3BOkun%2C+A%3BStephenson%2C+C+M%3BColligan%2C+M%3BAhlers%2C+H%3BGjessing%2C+C%3BLoos%2C+G%3BNiemeier%2C+R+W%3BSweeney%2C+M+H&rft.aulast=Schulte&rft.aufirst=P&rft.date=2003-01-01&rft.volume=44&rft.issue=5&rft.spage=515&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=American+Journal+of+Industrial+Medicine&rft.issn=02713586&rft_id=info:doi/10.1002%2Fajim.10295 LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ajim.10295 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Non-fatal injuries in the West Virginia logging industry: Using workers' compensation claims to assess risk from 1995 through 2001 AN - 18851084; 5748033 AB - The logging industry has a high rate of both fatal and non-fatal injuries in comparison to other industries, and plays a vital role in WV's economy. Workers' compensation (WC) injury claims and employment data were summarized to examine patterns and rates of non-fatal logging injuries in WV from 1995 through 2001. The average annual rate of injury claims was 16.0 per 100 workers per year with rates remaining relatively steady over the 7-year study period. The highest rates of injury were a result of being struck by an object, typically trees, snags, or logs. WV loggers most often file injury claims as a result of being struck by trees and tree parts, snags, and logs. Assessment of risk is a critical component in helping regulators, researchers, and the logging industry develop viable prevention strategies to reduce the incidence and severity of logging-related injuries. JF - American Journal of Industrial Medicine AU - Bell, J L AU - Helmkamp, J C AD - Division of Safety Research, National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, Morgantown, West Virginia, jbell@cdc.gov Y1 - 2003 PY - 2003 DA - 2003 SP - 502 EP - 509 PB - John Wiley & Sons, Inc., 111 River Street Hoboken NJ 07030 USA, [mailto:custserv@wiley.com], [URL:http://www.wiley.com/] VL - 44 IS - 5 SN - 0271-3586, 0271-3586 KW - logging KW - workers' compensation KW - Health & Safety Science Abstracts KW - H 1000:Occupational Safety and Health UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/18851084?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Ahealthsafetyabstracts&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=American+Journal+of+Industrial+Medicine&rft.atitle=Non-fatal+injuries+in+the+West+Virginia+logging+industry%3A+Using+workers%27+compensation+claims+to+assess+risk+from+1995+through+2001&rft.au=Bell%2C+J+L%3BHelmkamp%2C+J+C&rft.aulast=Bell&rft.aufirst=J&rft.date=2003-01-01&rft.volume=44&rft.issue=5&rft.spage=502&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=American+Journal+of+Industrial+Medicine&rft.issn=02713586&rft_id=info:doi/10.1002%2Fajim.10307 LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ajim.10307 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - The Anthrax Epidemiologic Tool Kit: An Instrument for Public Health Preparedness AN - 18830893; 5737864 AB - Concurrent epidemiological investigation of anthrax cases in five geographic regions required rapid development of field assessment tools, enhanced strategies for active surveillance, and public information campaigns for each field investigation site. We sought to create a central repository of such anthrax response tools to reduce duplication of effort, and to assist state and local health departments with public health emergency response efforts. We compiled questionnaires, fact sheets, chart abstraction forms, response algorithms, and enhanced surveillance system descriptions and forms from each field investigation team. We participated in debriefing sessions and conducted informal interviews to obtain constructive feedback about the tools and processes used in the field. We learned that centralizing and, where appropriate, standardizing these tools and protocols qualitatively improved response efficiency, comparability, and interpretation of the field information. Bioterrorism and emergency public health preparedness activities should include the creation and refinement of epidemiologic tool kits to facilitate rapid and scientifically appropriate field response. JF - Biosecurity and Bioterrorism AU - Reissman, D B AU - Steinberg, E B AU - Magri, J M AU - Jernigan, D B AD - Terrorism and Mental Health, National Center for Injury Prevention and Control, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, 4770 Buford Hwy, NE, Mail-stop K-68, Atlanta, GA 30341, USA, Dreissman@cdc.gov Y1 - 2003 PY - 2003 DA - 2003 SP - 111 VL - 1 IS - 2 SN - 1538-7135, 1538-7135 KW - anthrax KW - bioterrorism KW - Health & Safety Science Abstracts KW - H 6000:Natural Disasters/Civil Defense/Emergency Management UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/18830893?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Ahealthsafetyabstracts&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Biosecurity+and+Bioterrorism&rft.atitle=The+Anthrax+Epidemiologic+Tool+Kit%3A+An+Instrument+for+Public+Health+Preparedness&rft.au=Reissman%2C+D+B%3BSteinberg%2C+E+B%3BMagri%2C+J+M%3BJernigan%2C+D+B&rft.aulast=Reissman&rft.aufirst=D&rft.date=2003-01-01&rft.volume=1&rft.issue=2&rft.spage=111&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Biosecurity+and+Bioterrorism&rft.issn=15387135&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Judgment and decision making under stress: an overview for emergency managers AN - 18825966; 5731807 AB - This paper discusses human judgment and decision making under stress. The authors review selected recent literature across various disciplines and suggest a definition of stress within the context of decision making during the management of emergencies. They also discuss fieldwork by the Pittsburgh Research Laboratory, NIOSH, which explores traumatic incident stress, the relationship between previous training and performance under stressful conditions, and human behaviour in underground mine fires. The authors assert that stress is one of the factors that decision makers must contend with in most life-or-death situations. They suggest that a better understanding of individual judgment and decision making activities whilst under stress would yield a better understanding of how people reach the choices they make in emergencies. This enhanced understanding would be of enormous value to emergency managers, researchers and policymakers. JF - International Journal of Emergency Management AU - Kowalski-Trakofler, K M AU - Vaught, C AU - Scharf, T AD - National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, Pittsburgh Research Laboratory, 626 Cochrans Mill Road, Pittsburgh, PA 15236, USA, kkowalski@cdc.gov Y1 - 2003 PY - 2003 DA - 2003 VL - 1 IS - 3 SN - 1471-4825, 1471-4825 KW - Health & Safety Science Abstracts KW - H 6000:Natural Disasters/Civil Defense/Emergency Management UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/18825966?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Ahealthsafetyabstracts&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=International+Journal+of+Emergency+Management&rft.atitle=Judgment+and+decision+making+under+stress%3A+an+overview+for+emergency+managers&rft.au=Kowalski-Trakofler%2C+K+M%3BVaught%2C+C%3BScharf%2C+T&rft.aulast=Kowalski-Trakofler&rft.aufirst=K&rft.date=2003-01-01&rft.volume=1&rft.issue=3&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=International+Journal+of+Emergency+Management&rft.issn=14714825&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Control and Perception of Balance at Elevated and Sloped Surfaces AN - 18823243; 5710802 AB - Understanding roof-work-related risk of falls and developing low-cost, practical engineering controls for reducing this risk remain in high demand in the construction industry. This study investigated the effects of the roof work environment characteristics of surface slope, height, and visual reference on standing balance in construction workers. The 24 participants were tested in a laboratory setting at 4 slopes (0 degree , 18 degree , 26 degree , and 34 degree ), 2 heights (0, 3 m), and 2 visual conditions (with and without visual references). Postural sway characteristics were calculated using center of pressure recordings from a force platform. Workers' perceptions of postural sway and instability were also evaluated. The results indicated that slope and height synergistically increased workers' standing postural instability. Workers recognized the individual destabilizing effects of slope and height but did not recognize the synergistic effect of the two. Visual references significantly reduced the destabilizing effects of height and slope. Actual and potential applications of this research include the use of temporary level work surfaces and proximal vertical reference structures as postural instability control measures during roofing work. JF - Human Factors AU - Simeonov, P I AU - Hsiao, H AU - Dotson, B W AU - Ammons, DE AD - 1095 Willowdale Rd., Morgantown, WV 26505, USA, psimeonov@cdc.gov Y1 - 2003 PY - 2003 DA - 2003 SP - 136 EP - 147 VL - 45 IS - 1 SN - 0018-7208, 0018-7208 KW - falls KW - posture KW - working conditions KW - Risk Abstracts; Health & Safety Science Abstracts KW - R2 23080:Industrial and labor KW - H 1000:Occupational Safety and Health UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/18823243?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Ariskabstracts&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Human+Factors&rft.atitle=Control+and+Perception+of+Balance+at+Elevated+and+Sloped+Surfaces&rft.au=Simeonov%2C+P+I%3BHsiao%2C+H%3BDotson%2C+B+W%3BAmmons%2C+DE&rft.aulast=Simeonov&rft.aufirst=P&rft.date=2003-01-01&rft.volume=45&rft.issue=1&rft.spage=136&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Human+Factors&rft.issn=00187208&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - The Acute Health Consequences to Children Exposed to Hazardous Substances Used in Illicit Methamphetamine Production, 1996 to 2001 AN - 18813368; 5687444 AB - Children who are raised in an environment where illicit methamphetamine production occurs can experience acute health effects from hazardous substances used. Common substances used include anhydrous ammonia, hydrochloric acid, and acetone. Many of these are hazardous upon exposure and can lead to emergency events such as fires, explosions, spills, and toxic emissions. Data from 17 states participating in the Agency for Toxic Substances and Disease Registry's Hazardous Substances Emergency Events Surveillance system were used to analyze the acute health consequences among children exposed to hazardous substances released in association with illicit methamphetamine production during 1996 through 2001. Of the 519 methamphetamine-related emergency events identified where releases occurred, at least 8 known events involved 13 children who were injured. In four of these eight events, lethal substances such as anhydrous ammonia were released. The predominant injuries sustained by these children were respiratory irritation and trauma. More action is needed to remove children from these dangerous environments and to educate innocent bystanders, as well as the substance abusers themselves, about the risks involved with methamphetamine and its illicit production. JF - Journal of Children's Health AU - Horton, D K AU - Berkowitz, Z AU - Kaye, W E AD - Agency for Toxic Substances and Disease Registry, Division of Health Studies/Epidemiology and Surveillance Branch, 1600 Clifton Road N.E., Mailstop E-31, Atlanta, GA 30333, USA, dhorton@cdc.gov Y1 - 2003 PY - 2003 DA - 2003 SP - 99 EP - 108 VL - 1 IS - 1 SN - 1541-7069, 1541-7069 KW - acetone KW - hydrochloric acid KW - illegal drug manufacturing KW - man KW - methamphetamine KW - production facilities KW - Toxicology Abstracts; Risk Abstracts; Health & Safety Science Abstracts KW - R2 23060:Medical and environmental health KW - H 12000:Epidemiology and Public Health KW - X 24180:Social poisons & drug abuse UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/18813368?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Ariskabstracts&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Children%27s+Health&rft.atitle=The+Acute+Health+Consequences+to+Children+Exposed+to+Hazardous+Substances+Used+in+Illicit+Methamphetamine+Production%2C+1996+to+2001&rft.au=Horton%2C+D+K%3BBerkowitz%2C+Z%3BKaye%2C+W+E&rft.aulast=Horton&rft.aufirst=D&rft.date=2003-01-01&rft.volume=1&rft.issue=1&rft.spage=99&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+Children%27s+Health&rft.issn=15417069&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Mortality among chrome leather tannery workers: An update AN - 18808236; 5684867 AB - Employees engaged in the tanning and finishing of leather are potentially exposed to numerous carcinogens. A previous mortality study among 9,352 workers from two chrome tanneries has been updated with the addition of 11 years of vital status and work history follow-up and 1,153 new deaths. Ninety-two different causes of death were analyzed using a modified life-table approach. Death rates from both the United States and the states in which the tanneries were located were used as the comparison populations in calculating cause- specific standardized mortality ratios (SMRs). The mortality risks from all causes and from all cancers were lower than the expected for the combined cohort. Analyzing the two tanneries separately, no a priori cause of death (i.e. cancer of the lung, pancreas, bladder, kidney, testes, nasal cavity, lymphoma, or soft-tissue sarcoma) was shown to be significantly elevated. An exception was lung cancer at one tannery when state death rates were used (SMR = 130, P < 0.01). Analyzing by duration of employment, no significant trend in any cause of death at either tannery was revealed. Some studies have shown elevated risks for various site-specific causes of cancer; however, sites in excess are not consistent between studies. The differences may have been due to distinct processes used by the tanneries resulting in varying levels, as well as different types, of exposures. Published 2003 Wiley-Liss, Inc. JF - American Journal of Industrial Medicine AU - Stern, F B AD - National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, 4676 Columbia Parkway, Cincinnati, OH 45226., fbs1@cdc.gov Y1 - 2003 PY - 2003 DA - 2003 SP - 197 EP - 206 PB - John Wiley & Sons, Inc., 111 River Street Hoboken NJ 07030 USA, [mailto:custserv@wiley.com], [URL:http://www.wiley.com/] VL - 44 IS - 2 SN - 0271-3586, 0271-3586 KW - Tanning industry KW - leather industry KW - man KW - Toxicology Abstracts; Health & Safety Science Abstracts; Risk Abstracts KW - R2 23080:Industrial and labor KW - H 1000:Occupational Safety and Health KW - X 24162:Chronic exposure UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/18808236?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Ariskabstracts&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=American+Journal+of+Industrial+Medicine&rft.atitle=Mortality+among+chrome+leather+tannery+workers%3A+An+update&rft.au=Stern%2C+F+B&rft.aulast=Stern&rft.aufirst=F&rft.date=2003-01-01&rft.volume=44&rft.issue=2&rft.spage=197&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=American+Journal+of+Industrial+Medicine&rft.issn=02713586&rft_id=info:doi/10.1002%2Fajim.10242 LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ajim.10242 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Control of anti-tuberculosis drug resistance in Botswana AN - 18753495; 5630554 AB - Botswana, where in 2000 the prevalence of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection among adults was 38%, and the tuberculosis (TB) rate was 591/100 000. A 1995-1996 survey demonstrated low levels of anti-tuberculosis drug resistance. Because TB drug resistance may increase rapidly in HIV-infected populations, a second survey was undertaken in 1999 to determine any increase in anti-tuberculosis drug resistance. Sputum specimens positive for acid-fast bacilli from patients without prior TB treatment (new patients), and all sputum specimens from patients reporting prior TB treatment (retreatment patients) were collected nationwide. Specimens were cultured for Mycobacterium tuberculosis and tested for resistance to isoniazid, rifampicin, ethambutol, and streptomycin. From January to May 1999, 783 patients were consecutively enrolled from all districts. Of these, 483 (61.7%) were male, the median age was 33 years, and 82% were new patients. Drug resistance occurred in 6.3% of new patients (95% confidence interval [CI] 4.6-8.6) and 22.8% of retreatment patients (95%CI 16.5-30.1). Resistance to at least isoniazid and rifampicin was found in 0.5% of new (95%CI 0.1-1.3) and 9.0% of retreatment patients (95%CI 5.1-14.5). Anti-tuberculosis drug resistance remains relatively low in Botswana, probably as a result of a well-functioning TB program. Periodic surveys will be essential to adequately determine any significant trend. JF - International Journal of Tuberculosis and Lung Disease AU - Talbot, E A AU - Kenyon, T A AU - Mwasekaga, MJ AU - Moeti, T L AU - Mallon, V AU - Binkin, N J AD - Division of TB Elimination, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) Botswana, Department of State, 2170 Gaborone Place, Washington, DC 20521, USA, edt7@cdc.gov Y1 - 2003/01// PY - 2003 DA - Jan 2003 SP - 72 EP - 77 VL - 7 IS - 1 SN - 1027-3719, 1027-3719 KW - HIV KW - Microbiology Abstracts B: Bacteriology KW - J 02814:Drug resistance UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/18753495?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologyb&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=International+Journal+of+Tuberculosis+and+Lung+Disease&rft.atitle=Control+of+anti-tuberculosis+drug+resistance+in+Botswana&rft.au=Talbot%2C+E+A%3BKenyon%2C+T+A%3BMwasekaga%2C+MJ%3BMoeti%2C+T+L%3BMallon%2C+V%3BBinkin%2C+N+J&rft.aulast=Talbot&rft.aufirst=E&rft.date=2003-01-01&rft.volume=7&rft.issue=1&rft.spage=72&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=International+Journal+of+Tuberculosis+and+Lung+Disease&rft.issn=10273719&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Interleukin-1 beta responses to Mycoplasma pneumoniae infection are cell-type specific AN - 18735382; 5613963 AB - Interleukin-1 beta (IL-1 beta ) is a major proinflammatory cytokine that is involved in many important cellular functions such as proliferation, differentiation, and activation of different cell types. Its mature form is released from the cells in response to various bacterial and viral infections, and it plays a significant role in host defense. Mycoplasma pneumoniae is a small bacterium without a cell wall that causes tracheobronchitis and atypical pneumonia in humans following attachment to respiratory epithelium, as well as extrapulmonary infections. Very little is known about the role of cytokines in pathogenesis or the response of target cells to M.pneumoniae attachment. The purpose of this study was to investigate the ability of M. pneumoniae to induce IL-1 beta in human lung epithelial carcinoma A549 and in human monocytic U937 cell lines. Following M. pneumoniae infection, both IL-1 beta mRNA and protein were induced in A549 cells vs. no induction in uninfected cells; however, the protein remained inside the A549 cells. Similarly, M. pneumoniae infection strongly increased mRNA and extracellular protein levels in U937 cells, which unlike A549 cells did exhibit baseline constitutive levels. De novo IL-1 beta protein expression was verified by cycloheximide studies. M. pneumoniae infection did not affect constitutive caspase-1 mRNA or protein levels in either cell line. Reduced caspase-1 activity in A549 cell lysates suggests the presence of an endogenous caspase-1 inhibitory component in the A549 cells. These collective data confirm previous studies that show that M. pneumoniae is a potent inducer of cytokines following adherence to host target cells, and establish that IL-1 beta release in response to M. pneumoniae infection is cell-type specific, thus emphasizing the importance of carefully considering multiple cell types in M. pneumoniae pathogenesis studies involving both immune cells and cytokine release patterns. JF - Microbial Pathogenesis AU - Yang, J AU - Hooper, W C AU - Phillips, D J AU - Talkington, D F AD - Division of Bacterial and Mycotic Diseases, National Center for Infectious Diseases, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Mail Stop G03, 1600 Clifton Rd, NE, Atlanta, GA 30333, USA, dft1@cdc.gov Y1 - 2003/01/01/ PY - 2003 DA - 2003 Jan 01 SP - 17 EP - 25 PB - Elsevier Science VL - 34 IS - 1 SN - 0882-4010, 0882-4010 KW - Microbiology Abstracts B: Bacteriology KW - J 02833:Immune response and immune mechanisms UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/18735382?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologyb&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Microbial+Pathogenesis&rft.atitle=Interleukin-1+beta+responses+to+Mycoplasma+pneumoniae+infection+are+cell-type+specific&rft.au=Yang%2C+J%3BHooper%2C+W+C%3BPhillips%2C+D+J%3BTalkington%2C+D+F&rft.aulast=Yang&rft.aufirst=J&rft.date=2003-01-01&rft.volume=34&rft.issue=1&rft.spage=17&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Microbial+Pathogenesis&rft.issn=08824010&rft_id=info:doi/10.1016%2FS0882-4010%2802%2900190-0 LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0882-4010(02)00190-0 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - An overview on the use of a viral pathogen as a bioterrorism agent: Why smallpox? AN - 18734154; 5613299 JF - Antiviral Research AU - Mahy, BWJ AD - National Center for Infectious Diseases, 1600 Clifton Road, CDC, Mailstop C12, Atlanta, GA 30333, USA Y1 - 2003/01// PY - 2003 DA - Jan 2003 SP - 1 EP - 5 PB - Elsevier Science VL - 57 IS - 1-2 SN - 0166-3542, 0166-3542 KW - bioterrorism KW - man KW - smallpox virus KW - Biotechnology and Bioengineering Abstracts; Bioengineering Abstracts; Virology & AIDS Abstracts KW - W4 240:Bioterrorism & Biological Warfare KW - V 22124:Prophylaxis & control KW - W 30965:Miscellaneous, Reviews UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/18734154?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Abiotechresearch&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Antiviral+Research&rft.atitle=An+overview+on+the+use+of+a+viral+pathogen+as+a+bioterrorism+agent%3A+Why+smallpox%3F&rft.au=Mahy%2C+BWJ&rft.aulast=Mahy&rft.aufirst=BWJ&rft.date=2003-01-01&rft.volume=57&rft.issue=1-2&rft.spage=1&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Antiviral+Research&rft.issn=01663542&rft_id=info:doi/10.1016%2FS0166-3542%2802%2900194-8 LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0166-3542(02)00194-8 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Prevalence of HIV Risk Behaviors, Risk Perceptions, and Testing Among US Adults With Mental Disorders AN - 18727677; 5606767 AB - Persons with mental disorders may lack the knowledge, skills, and social networks that help limit the spread of HIV by reducing risk behaviors. Nationally representative data from the 1999 U.S. National Health Interview Survey were used to estimate the prevalence of HIV risk behaviors among civilian noninstitutionalized adults with and without at least one of three psychiatric conditions (depression, generalized anxiety disorder, and panic attacks) in the previous 12 months. Relative to adults without these mental disorders, adults with a mental disorder (8.8% of adults nationally) were more likely to have engaged in HIV risk behaviors since 1980 (5.5% vs. 1.6%). Adults with a mental disorder were also more likely to report a high or medium chance of becoming infected, were more likely to have been tested for HIV infection, and were more likely to expect to be tested within the next 12 months. JF - JAIDS Journal of Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndromes AU - Blumberg, S J AU - Dickey, W C AD - National Center for Health Statistics, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, 6525 Belcrest Road, Room 850, Hyattsville, MD 20782, USA, sblumberg@cdc.gov Y1 - 2003/01// PY - 2003 DA - Jan 2003 SP - 77 EP - 79 VL - 32 IS - 1 SN - 1525-4135, 1525-4135 KW - HIV KW - HIV-1 KW - disease transmission KW - mental disorders KW - sexual behavior KW - Risk Abstracts; Virology & AIDS Abstracts KW - R2 23060:Medical and environmental health KW - V 22004:AIDS: Clinical aspects UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/18727677?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Ariskabstracts&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=JAIDS+Journal+of+Acquired+Immune+Deficiency+Syndromes&rft.atitle=Prevalence+of+HIV+Risk+Behaviors%2C+Risk+Perceptions%2C+and+Testing+Among+US+Adults+With+Mental+Disorders&rft.au=Blumberg%2C+S+J%3BDickey%2C+W+C&rft.aulast=Blumberg&rft.aufirst=S&rft.date=2003-01-01&rft.volume=32&rft.issue=1&rft.spage=77&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=JAIDS+Journal+of+Acquired+Immune+Deficiency+Syndromes&rft.issn=15254135&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Survival of Yersinia pestis on Environmental Surfaces AN - 18712831; 5596324 AB - The survival of two strains of Yersinia pestis (avirulent A1122 and virulent Harbin) on the surfaces of four materials was investigated. Viability was evaluated with epifluorescence microscopy by using the metabolic stain cyanoditolyl tetrazolium chloride and plate counts. Small numbers of cells suspended in phosphate buffer survived 2 to 4 h after visible drying on stainless steel, polyethylene, or glass and beyond 48 h on paper. Cells suspended in brain heart infusion broth (BHI) persisted more than 72 h on stainless steel, polyethylene, and glass. Small numbers of cells suspended in BHI were still viable at 120 h on paper. These data suggest that Y. pestis maintains viability for extended periods (last measured at 5 days) under controlled conditions. JF - Applied and Environmental Microbiology AU - Rose, L J AU - Donlan, R AU - Banerjee, S N AU - Arduino, MJ AD - Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, 1600 Clifton Rd., C-16, Atlanta, GA 30333, lrose@cdc.gov Y1 - 2003 PY - 2003 DA - 2003 SP - 2166 EP - 2171 VL - 69 IS - 4 SN - 0099-2240, 0099-2240 KW - polyethylene KW - stainless steel KW - Microbiology Abstracts A: Industrial & Applied Microbiology KW - A 01116:Bacteria UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/18712831?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologya&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Applied+and+Environmental+Microbiology&rft.atitle=Survival+of+Yersinia+pestis+on+Environmental+Surfaces&rft.au=Rose%2C+L+J%3BDonlan%2C+R%3BBanerjee%2C+S+N%3BArduino%2C+MJ&rft.aulast=Rose&rft.aufirst=L&rft.date=2003-01-01&rft.volume=69&rft.issue=4&rft.spage=2166&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Applied+and+Environmental+Microbiology&rft.issn=00992240&rft_id=info:doi/10.1128%2FAEM.69.4.2166-2171.2003 LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/AEM.69.4.2166-2171.2003 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - The Social Organization of Commercial Sex Work in Moscow, Russia AN - 18692315; 5583456 AB - Background: Increased poverty, unemployment, and migration place the Russian population at high risk for sexually transmitted infections (STIs). A qualitative study was undertaken to clarify the organization of sex work and describe the likely contributions of different types of sex work to disease transmission. Goal: The goal of the study was to describe the social-organizational patterns of sex work in Moscow, Russia. Study Design: Four qualitative data collection methods were used: semistructured telephone interviews, semistructured face-to-face individual and group interviews with key informants, systematic and unobtrusive naturalistic observations, and geomapping. Results: Intermittent, truck stop, and railway station sex workers may be the most important groups in the dissemination of STIs. Sex work is widely disseminated throughout the city. Identifiable positions in the social organization of street sex work include pimps, assistant female pimps, guards, drivers, "indicators," the sex workers themselves, and recruitment "pluckers." Conclusion: The Moscow sex market may be an adjustive response of the social system to the economic pressures in Russia. Sex work in Moscow has great potential for disseminating STIs throughout Russia and beyond. Understanding of these issues may enhance the impact of STI prevention programs. JF - Sexually Transmitted Diseases AU - Aral, SO AU - Lawrence, JSSt AU - Tikhonova, L AU - Safarova, E AU - Parker, KA AU - Shakarishvili, A AU - Ryan, CA AD - Division of STD Prevention, CDC, 1600 Clifton Road NE, M/S E02, Atlanta, GA 30333, USA Y1 - 2003/01// PY - 2003 DA - Jan 2003 SP - 39 EP - 45 VL - 30 IS - 1 KW - disease transmission KW - prevention KW - prostitution KW - sexual behavior KW - Risk Abstracts; Health & Safety Science Abstracts KW - H 11000:Diseases/Injuries/Trauma KW - R2 23060:Medical and environmental health UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/18692315?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Ariskabstracts&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Sexually+Transmitted+Diseases&rft.atitle=The+Social+Organization+of+Commercial+Sex+Work+in+Moscow%2C+Russia&rft.au=Aral%2C+SO%3BLawrence%2C+JSSt%3BTikhonova%2C+L%3BSafarova%2C+E%3BParker%2C+KA%3BShakarishvili%2C+A%3BRyan%2C+CA&rft.aulast=Aral&rft.aufirst=SO&rft.date=2003-01-01&rft.volume=30&rft.issue=1&rft.spage=39&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Sexually+Transmitted+Diseases&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Ehrlichia chaffeensis: a Prototypical Emerging Pathogen AN - 18652150; 5547237 AB - Ehrlichia chaffeensis is an obligately intracellular, tick-transmitted bacterium that is maintained in nature in a cycle involving at least one and perhaps several vertebrate reservoir hosts. The moderate to severe disease caused by E. chaffeensis in humans, first identified in 1986 and reported for more than 1,000 patients through 2000, represents a prototypical "emerging infection." Knowledge of the biology and natural history of E. chaffeensis, and of the epidemiology, clinical features, and laboratory diagnosis of the zoonotic disease it causes (commonly referred to as human monocytic ehrlichiosis (HME)) has expanded considerably in the period since its discovery. In this review, we summarize briefly the current understanding of the microbiology, pathogenesis, and clinical manifestations associated with this pathogen but focus primarily on discussing various ecological factors responsible for the recent recognition of this important and potentially life-threatening tick-borne disease. Perhaps the most pivotal element in the emergence of HME has been the staggering increases in white-tailed deer populations in the eastern United States during the 20th century. This animal serves as a keystone host for all life stages of the principal tick vector (Amblyomma americanum) and is perhaps the most important vertebrate reservoir host for E. chaffeensis. The contributions of other components, including expansion of susceptible human populations, growth and broadening geographical distributions of other potential reservoir species and A. americanum, and improvements in confirmatory diagnostic methods, are also explored. JF - Clinical Microbiology Reviews AU - Paddock, C D AU - Childs, JE AD - Infectious Disease Pathology Activity, Mailstop G-32, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, 1600 Clifton Rd., Atlanta, GA 30333, cdp9@cdc.gov Y1 - 2003/01// PY - 2003 DA - Jan 2003 SP - 37 EP - 64 VL - 16 IS - 1 SN - 0893-8512, 0893-8512 KW - natural history KW - white-tailed deer KW - Microbiology Abstracts B: Bacteriology KW - J 02855:Human Bacteriology: Others UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/18652150?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologyb&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Clinical+Microbiology+Reviews&rft.atitle=Ehrlichia+chaffeensis%3A+a+Prototypical+Emerging+Pathogen&rft.au=Paddock%2C+C+D%3BChilds%2C+JE&rft.aulast=Paddock&rft.aufirst=C&rft.date=2003-01-01&rft.volume=16&rft.issue=1&rft.spage=37&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Clinical+Microbiology+Reviews&rft.issn=08938512&rft_id=info:doi/10.1128%2FCMR.16.1.37-64.2003 LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/CMR.16.1.37-64.2003 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Blood lead levels and risk factors for lead poisoning among children in Jakarta, Indonesia AN - 18644374; 5542911 AB - The phase-out of leaded gasoline began in Jakarta, Indonesia on July 1, 2001. We evaluated mean blood lead levels (BLLs) and the prevalence of elevated BLLs of Jakarta school children and assessed risk factors for lead exposure in these children before the beginning of the phase-out activities. The study involved a population-based, cross-sectional blood lead survey that included capillary blood lead sampling and a brief questionnaire on risk factors for lead poisoning. A cluster survey design was used. Forty clusters, defined as primary schools in Jakarta, and 15 2nd- and 3rd-grade children in each cluster were randomly selected for participation in the study. The average age of children in this study was 8.6 years (range 6-12) and the geometric mean BLL of the children was 8.6 [mu]g/dl (median: 8.6 [mu]g/dl; range: 2.6- 24.1 [mu]g/dl) (n=397). Thirty-five percent of children had BLLs [greater-than or equal to]10 [mu]g/dl and 2.4% had BLLs [greater-than or equal to]20 [mu]g/dl. Approximately one-fourth of children had BLLs 10-14.9 [mu]g/dl. In multivariate models, level of education of the child's primary caregiver, water collection method, home varnishing and occupational recycling of metals, other than lead, by a family member were predictors of log BLLs after adjustment for age and sex. BLLs of children who lived near a highway or major intersection were significantly higher than those of children who lived near a street with little or no traffic when level of education was not included in the model. Water collection method was a significant predictor of BLLs [greater-than or equal to]10 [mu] g/dl after adjustment for age and sex. BLLs in children in this study were moderately high and consistent with BLLs of children in other countries where leaded gasoline is used. With the phase-out of leaded gasoline, BLLs of children in Jakarta are expected to rapidly decline as they have in other countries that have phased lead out of gasoline. JF - Science of the Total Environment AU - Albalak, R AU - Noonan, G AU - Buchanan, S AU - Flanders, W D AU - Gotway-Crawford, C AU - Kim, D AU - Jones, R L AU - Sulaiman, R AU - Blumenthal, W AU - Tan, R AU - Curtis, G AU - McGeehin, MA AD - Division of Environmental Hazards and Health Effects, National Center for Environmental Health, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, 1600 Clifton Rd. Mailstop E-19, Atlanta, GA 30333, USA, rka3@cdc.gov Y1 - 2003/01// PY - 2003 DA - Jan 2003 SP - 75 EP - 85 VL - 301 IS - 1-3 SN - 0048-9697, 0048-9697 KW - man KW - Risk Abstracts; Health & Safety Science Abstracts; Pollution Abstracts; Toxicology Abstracts KW - X 24166:Environmental impact KW - H 14000:Toxicology KW - R2 23060:Medical and environmental health KW - P 6000:TOXICOLOGY AND HEALTH UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/18644374?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Ariskabstracts&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Science+of+the+Total+Environment&rft.atitle=Blood+lead+levels+and+risk+factors+for+lead+poisoning+among+children+in+Jakarta%2C+Indonesia&rft.au=Albalak%2C+R%3BNoonan%2C+G%3BBuchanan%2C+S%3BFlanders%2C+W+D%3BGotway-Crawford%2C+C%3BKim%2C+D%3BJones%2C+R+L%3BSulaiman%2C+R%3BBlumenthal%2C+W%3BTan%2C+R%3BCurtis%2C+G%3BMcGeehin%2C+MA&rft.aulast=Albalak&rft.aufirst=R&rft.date=2003-01-01&rft.volume=301&rft.issue=1-3&rft.spage=75&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Science+of+the+Total+Environment&rft.issn=00489697&rft_id=info:doi/10.1016%2FS0048-9697%2802%2900297-8 LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0048-9697(02)00297-8 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Identification of Haemophilus influenzae Serotypes by Standard Slide Agglutination Serotyping and PCR-Based Capsule Typing AN - 18638279; 5547136 AB - To resolve discrepancies in slide agglutination serotyping (SAST) results from state health departments and the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), we characterized 141 of 751 invasive Haemophilus influenzae isolates that were identified in the United States from January 1998 to December 1999 through an active, laboratory-based, surveillance program coordinated by the CDC. We found discrepancies between the results of SAST performed at state health departments and those of PCR capsule typing performed at the CDC for 56 (40%) of the isolates characterized: 54 isolates that were identified as a particular serotype by SAST were shown to be unencapsulated by PCR, and two isolates that were reported as serotypes b and f were found to be serotypes f and e, respectively, by PCR. The laboratory error most likely to affect the perceived efficacy of the conjugate H. influenzae type b (Hib) vaccine was the misidentification of isolates as serotype b: of 40 isolates identified as serotype b by SAST, 27 (68%) did not contain the correlating capsule type genes. The frequency of errors fell substantially when standardized reagents and routine quality control of SAST were used during a study involving three laboratories. An overall 94% agreement between SAST and PCR results showed that slide agglutination could be a valid and reliable method for serotyping H. influenzae if the test was performed correctly, in accordance with standardized and recommended procedures. An ongoing prospective analysis of all H. influenzae surveillance isolates associated with invasive disease in children less than 5 years old will provide more accurate national figures for the burden of invasive disease caused by Hib and other H. influenzae serotypes. JF - Journal of Clinical Microbiology AU - LaClaire, L L AU - Tondella, MLC AU - Beall, D S AU - Noble, CA AU - Raghunathan, P L AU - Rosenstein, N E AU - Popovic, AD - Meningitis and Special Pathogens Branch, Division of Bacterial and Mycotic Disease, National Center for Infectious Disease, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA 30333, txp1@cdc.gov Y1 - 2003/01// PY - 2003 DA - Jan 2003 SP - 393 EP - 396 VL - 41 IS - 1 SN - 0095-1137, 0095-1137 KW - slide agglutination serotyping KW - Microbiology Abstracts B: Bacteriology KW - J 02710:Identification, taxonomy and typing UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/18638279?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologyb&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Clinical+Microbiology&rft.atitle=Identification+of+Haemophilus+influenzae+Serotypes+by+Standard+Slide+Agglutination+Serotyping+and+PCR-Based+Capsule+Typing&rft.au=LaClaire%2C+L+L%3BTondella%2C+MLC%3BBeall%2C+D+S%3BNoble%2C+CA%3BRaghunathan%2C+P+L%3BRosenstein%2C+N+E%3BPopovic%2C&rft.aulast=LaClaire&rft.aufirst=L&rft.date=2003-01-01&rft.volume=41&rft.issue=1&rft.spage=393&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+Clinical+Microbiology&rft.issn=00951137&rft_id=info:doi/10.1128%2FJCM.41.1.393-396.2003 LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/JCM.41.1.393-396.2003 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - M Protein Gene Type Distribution among Group A Streptococcal Clinical Isolates Recovered in Mexico City, Mexico, from 1991 to 2000, and Durango, Mexico, from 1998 to 1999: Overlap with Type Distribution within the United States AN - 18627439; 5547196 AB - To examine the type distribution of pathogenic group A streptococcal (GAS) strains in Mexico, we determined the emm types of 423 GAS isolates collected from ill patients residing in Mexico (Durango or Mexico City). These included 282 throat isolates and 107 isolates from normally sterile sites. Of the other isolates, 38 were recovered from other miscellaneous infections. A total of 31 different emm types were found, revealing a broad overlap between commonly occurring emm types in Mexico and the United States. The information obtained in this study is consistent with the possibility that multivalent, M type-specific vaccines prepared for GAS strain distribution within the United States could theoretically protect against the majority of GAS strains causing disease in the two cities surveyed in Mexico. JF - Journal of Clinical Microbiology AU - Espinosa, LE AU - Li, Z AU - Barreto, D G AU - Jaimes, E C AU - Rodriguez, R S AU - Sakota, V AU - Facklam, R R AU - Beall, B AD - Centers for Disease Control & Prevention, Mail Stop C0-2, 1600 Clifton Rd., NE, Atlanta, GA 30333, BBeall@cdc.gov Y1 - 2003/01// PY - 2003 DA - Jan 2003 SP - 373 EP - 378 VL - 41 IS - 1 SN - 0095-1137, 0095-1137 KW - double prime M protein KW - emm type KW - streptococci KW - Microbiology Abstracts B: Bacteriology KW - J 02855:Human Bacteriology: Others UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/18627439?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologyb&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Clinical+Microbiology&rft.atitle=M+Protein+Gene+Type+Distribution+among+Group+A+Streptococcal+Clinical+Isolates+Recovered+in+Mexico+City%2C+Mexico%2C+from+1991+to+2000%2C+and+Durango%2C+Mexico%2C+from+1998+to+1999%3A+Overlap+with+Type+Distribution+within+the+United+States&rft.au=Espinosa%2C+LE%3BLi%2C+Z%3BBarreto%2C+D+G%3BJaimes%2C+E+C%3BRodriguez%2C+R+S%3BSakota%2C+V%3BFacklam%2C+R+R%3BBeall%2C+B&rft.aulast=Espinosa&rft.aufirst=LE&rft.date=2003-01-01&rft.volume=41&rft.issue=1&rft.spage=373&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+Clinical+Microbiology&rft.issn=00951137&rft_id=info:doi/10.1128%2FJCM.41.1.373-378.2003 LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/JCM.41.1.373-378.2003 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Cross-contamination issues during a biological emergency response effort: lessons learned AN - 17985600; 5934735 AB - Response Team investigators from the US Centres for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH), recognised the potential for Bacillus anthracis (B. anthracis) cross-contamination during recent emergency response activities in the Capitol area. The three case studies presented offer the opportunity to examine procedural response practices related to bioterrorism events, and consider the "lessons learned". An examination of the actions, practices and environmental sampling results from the Capitol response effort compelled investigators to develop six recommendations that, if implemented, should reduce the potential for cross-contamination in future national and international emergency response activities. JF - International Journal of Emergency Management AU - McKernan, J L AU - Taylor, L AU - McCammon, J B AU - Hartle, R W AU - Gressel, M G AD - United States Department of Health and Human Services, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, 4676 Columbia Parkway, Cincinnati, OH 45226, USA, zwd4@cdc.gov Y1 - 2003 PY - 2003 DA - 2003 SP - 363 EP - 373 VL - 1 IS - 4 SN - 1471-4825, 1471-4825 KW - cross-contamination KW - Health & Safety Science Abstracts KW - bioterrorism KW - Emergency preparedness KW - H 6000:Natural Disasters/Civil Defense/Emergency Management UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/17985600?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Ahealthsafetyabstracts&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=International+Journal+of+Emergency+Management&rft.atitle=Cross-contamination+issues+during+a+biological+emergency+response+effort%3A+lessons+learned&rft.au=McKernan%2C+J+L%3BTaylor%2C+L%3BMcCammon%2C+J+B%3BHartle%2C+R+W%3BGressel%2C+M+G&rft.aulast=McKernan&rft.aufirst=J&rft.date=2003-01-01&rft.volume=1&rft.issue=4&rft.spage=363&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=International+Journal+of+Emergency+Management&rft.issn=14714825&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Emergency preparedness; bioterrorism ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Hypertension in Blacks: A Literature Review AN - 17821352; 6119677 AB - Hypertension is a major risk factor for heart disease and stroke, the first and third-leading causes of death in the United States. This review discusses the magnitude of the problem, its epidemiology, and the evaluation and management of hypertension as recommended by the reports of the Joint National Committee on prevention, detection, evaluation, and treatment of high blood pressure. Activities related to the control of this disorder are also highlighted.Data from the Third National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey, 1998-1994, (NHANESIII) suggest approximately three-quarters (75%) of Black hypertensives are aware of their diagnosis, but only 57% are treated and just 25% have their blood pressure under control (<140 mm Hg systolic and <90 mm Hg diastolic). Although substantial evidence indicates a significant increase in awareness of hypertension over the past three decades, control rates are remarkably low, particularly among Blacks.This review serves to emphasize and reiterate the burden of hypertension among Blacks and acts as a reminder of the need for additional research to determine if culturally competent interventions are appropriate to prevent, treat, and control this disease within this population. (Ethn Dis. 2003; 13:456-462) JF - Ethnicity & Disease AU - Ashaye, Modele O AU - Giles, Wayne H AD - Emerging Investigations and Analytic Methods Branch, Division of Adult and Community Health, National Center for Chronic Disease Prevention and Health Promotion, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia Y1 - 2003 PY - 2003 DA - 2003 SP - 456 EP - 462 PB - International Society on Hypertension in Blacks, 2045 Manchester St, NE Atlanta GA 30324 USA, [URL:http://www.ishib.org] VL - 13 IS - 4 SN - 1049-510X, 1049-510X KW - stroke KW - Risk Abstracts KW - Mortality KW - Nutrition KW - Blood pressure KW - USA KW - Reviews KW - prevention KW - Cardiovascular diseases KW - Ethnic groups KW - Hypertension KW - R2 23060:Medical and environmental health UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/17821352?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Ariskabstracts&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Ethnicity+%26+Disease&rft.atitle=Hypertension+in+Blacks%3A+A+Literature+Review&rft.au=Ashaye%2C+Modele+O%3BGiles%2C+Wayne+H&rft.aulast=Ashaye&rft.aufirst=Modele&rft.date=2003-01-01&rft.volume=13&rft.issue=4&rft.spage=456&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Ethnicity+%26+Disease&rft.issn=1049510X&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - USA; Reviews; Blood pressure; Nutrition; prevention; Mortality; Ethnic groups; Cardiovascular diseases; Hypertension ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Pulmonary effects of welding fumes: Review of worker and experimental animal studies AN - 17499664; 6384536 AB - Approximately one million workers worldwide perform welding as part of their work duties. Electric arc welding processes produce metal fumes and gases which may be harmful to exposed workers. This review summarizes human and animals studies which have examined the effect of welding fume exposure on respiratory health. An extensive search of the scientific and occupational health literature was performed, acquiring published articles which examined the effects of welding on all aspects of worker and laboratory animal health. The databases accessed included PubMed, Ovid, NIOSHTIC, and TOXNET. Pulmonary effects observed in full-time welders have included metal fume fever, airway irritation, lung function changes, susceptibility to pulmonary infection, and a possible increase in the incidence of lung cancer. Although limited in most cases, animal studies have tended to support the findings from epidemiologic studies. Despite the numerous studies on welding fumes, incomplete information still exists regarding the causality and possible underlying mechanisms associated with welding fume inhalation and pulmonary disease. The use of animal models and the ability to control the welding fume exposure in toxicology studies could be utilized in an attempt to develop a better understanding of how welding fumes affect pulmonary health. Published 2003 Wiley-Liss, Inc. JF - American Journal of Industrial Medicine AU - Antonini, James M AU - Lewis, Anthony B AU - Roberts, Jenny R AU - Whaley, David A AD - Health Effects Laboratory Division, National Institute for Occupational Safety & Health, Morgantown, West Virginia, jga6@cdc.gov Y1 - 2003 PY - 2003 DA - 2003 SP - 350 EP - 360 PB - John Wiley & Sons, Inc., 111 River Street Hoboken NJ 07030 USA, [mailto:custserv@wiley.com], [URL:http://www.wiley.com/] VL - 43 IS - 4 SN - 0271-3586, 0271-3586 KW - Health & Safety Science Abstracts; Toxicology Abstracts; Pollution Abstracts KW - Respiratory tract KW - Metals KW - Lung diseases KW - Irritation KW - Gases KW - Inhalation KW - Animal models KW - Infection KW - Fever KW - Welding KW - Respiratory function KW - Occupational exposure KW - Lung cancer KW - Fumes KW - Laboratory testing KW - Reviews KW - X 24164:Pathology KW - H 1000:Occupational Safety and Health KW - P 6000:TOXICOLOGY AND HEALTH UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/17499664?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxicologyabstracts&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=American+Journal+of+Industrial+Medicine&rft.atitle=Pulmonary+effects+of+welding+fumes%3A+Review+of+worker+and+experimental+animal+studies&rft.au=Antonini%2C+James+M%3BLewis%2C+Anthony+B%3BRoberts%2C+Jenny+R%3BWhaley%2C+David+A&rft.aulast=Antonini&rft.aufirst=James&rft.date=2003-01-01&rft.volume=43&rft.issue=4&rft.spage=350&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=American+Journal+of+Industrial+Medicine&rft.issn=02713586&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Welding; Fumes; Occupational exposure; Metals; Reviews; Inhalation; Lung cancer; Gases; Animal models; Respiratory function; Laboratory testing; Irritation; Respiratory tract; Fever; Lung diseases; Infection ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Laboratory-acquired West Nile virus infections--United States, 2002. AN - 72827268; 12537288 AB - West Nile virus (WNV), a mosquito-borne flavivirus introduced recently to North America, is a human, equine, and avian neuropathogen. The majority of human infections with WNV are mosquito-borne; however, laboratory-acquired infections with WNV and other arboviruses also occur. This report summarizes two recent cases of WNV infection in laboratory workers without other known risk factors who acquired infection through percutaneous inoculation. Laboratory workers handling fluids or tissues known or suspected to be WNV-infected should minimize their risk for exposure and should report injuries and illnesses of suspected occupational origin to their supervisor. JF - MMWR. Morbidity and mortality weekly report AU - Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) AD - Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) Y1 - 2002/12/20/ PY - 2002 DA - 2002 Dec 20 SP - 1133 EP - 1135 VL - 51 IS - 50 SN - 0149-2195, 0149-2195 KW - Index Medicus KW - United States KW - Humans KW - Specimen Handling KW - Accidents, Occupational KW - Occupational Exposure KW - Laboratories KW - Microbiology KW - West Nile virus KW - West Nile Fever -- transmission UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/72827268?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=MMWR.+Morbidity+and+mortality+weekly+report&rft.atitle=Laboratory-acquired+West+Nile+virus+infections--United+States%2C+2002.&rft.au=Centers+for+Disease+Control+and+Prevention+%28CDC%29&rft.aulast=Centers+for+Disease+Control+and+Prevention+%28CDC%29&rft.aufirst=&rft.date=2002-12-20&rft.volume=51&rft.issue=50&rft.spage=1133&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=MMWR.+Morbidity+and+mortality+weekly+report&rft.issn=01492195&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 2003-01-24 N1 - Date created - 2003-01-22 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Nonadherence among HIV-infected injecting drug users: the impact of social instability. AN - 72838181; 12562040 AB - The authors tested the impact of social instability on adherence to highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART) among patients infected with HIV through injection drug use (IDU; MANIF2000 cohort). In the study, they analyzed sociodemographic baseline characteristics to develop an indicator of social instability. Information concerning adherence to HAART was collected through questionnaires during a 2-year follow-up period. Factors associated with nonadherence were studied in two different groups: 1) patients who had stopped injection drug use (ex-IDUs) and who were not in drug maintenance programs (DMT) during the entire follow-up period, and 2) those who were still opiate dependent. Among the 210 eligible patients, 114 were classified as ex-IDUs and 96 as opiate dependent. Ex-IDUs reported nonadherence behaviors in 96 of 384 visits (25.0%), while opiate-dependent patients were nonadherent in 111 of 308 visits (36.0%; p = .02). Among ex-IDUs, the only factor associated with nonadherence was social instability, while among opiate-dependent patients, injection behavior was the only determinant of nonadherence behavior. For opiate-dependent patients, DMT may enhance adherence to HAART, but only if it is successful in reducing abuse of injection practices. For ex-IDUs, it is very important that the management of social difficulties be taken into account to increase adherence to HAART. JF - Journal of acquired immune deficiency syndromes (1999) AU - Bouhnik, Anne-Déborah AU - Chesney, Margaret AU - Carrieri, Patrizia AU - Gallais, Hervé AU - Moreau, Jacques AU - Moatti, Jean-Paul AU - Obadia, Yolande AU - Spire, Bruno AU - MANIF 2000 Study Group AD - Regional Center for Disease Control of Southeastern France (ORS PACA), Marseilles, France. ; MANIF 2000 Study Group Y1 - 2002/12/15/ PY - 2002 DA - 2002 Dec 15 SP - S149 EP - S153 VL - 31 Suppl 3 SN - 1525-4135, 1525-4135 KW - Index Medicus KW - AIDS/HIV KW - Socioeconomic Factors KW - Opioid-Related Disorders -- psychology KW - Humans KW - Depression -- complications KW - Adult KW - Alcohol Drinking KW - Male KW - Female KW - Patient Compliance KW - HIV Infections -- drug therapy KW - Antiretroviral Therapy, Highly Active -- psychology KW - Substance Abuse, Intravenous -- complications KW - HIV Infections -- psychology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/72838181?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+acquired+immune+deficiency+syndromes+%281999%29&rft.atitle=Nonadherence+among+HIV-infected+injecting+drug+users%3A+the+impact+of+social+instability.&rft.au=Bouhnik%2C+Anne-D%C3%A9borah%3BChesney%2C+Margaret%3BCarrieri%2C+Patrizia%3BGallais%2C+Herv%C3%A9%3BMoreau%2C+Jacques%3BMoatti%2C+Jean-Paul%3BObadia%2C+Yolande%3BSpire%2C+Bruno%3BMANIF+2000+Study+Group&rft.aulast=Bouhnik&rft.aufirst=Anne-D%C3%A9borah&rft.date=2002-12-15&rft.volume=31+Suppl+3&rft.issue=&rft.spage=S149&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+acquired+immune+deficiency+syndromes+%281999%29&rft.issn=15254135&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 2003-02-12 N1 - Date created - 2003-02-03 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Adult blood lead epidemiology and surveillance--United States, 1998-2001. AN - 72819403; 12528812 AB - Elevated blood lead levels (BLLs) in adults can damage the cardiovascular, central nervous, reproductive, hematologic, and renal systems. The majority of cases are workplace-related. U.S. Department of Health and Human Services recommends that BLLs among all adults be reduced to < 25 microg/dL. The highest BLL acceptable by standards of the U.S. Occupational Safety and Health Administration is 40 microg/dL. The mean BLL of adults in the United States is < 3 microg/dL. This report covers cases of adults (aged > or = 16 years) with BLLs > or = 25 microg/dL, as reported by 25 states during 1998-2001. Since 1987, CDC has sponsored the state-based Adult Blood Lead Epidemiology and Surveillance (ABLES) program to track cases of elevated BLLs and provide intervention consultation and other assistance. Overall ABLES program data were last published in 1999 for the years 1994-1997. This report provides an update with data from 25 states reporting for > or = 2 years during 1998-2001. During that period, the ABLES program funded surveillance in 21 states - Alabama, Arizona, Connecticut, Iowa, Maryland, Massachusetts, Michigan, Minnesota, New Jersey, New York, North Carolina, Ohio, Oklahoma, Oregon, Pennsylvania, Rhode Island, South Carolina, Texas, Washington, Wisconsin, and Wyoming. Four additional states - California, Nebraska, New Hampshire, and Utah contributed data without CDC funding. During 1998-2001, the overall program's annual mean state prevalence rate for adults with BLLs > or = 25 microg/dL was 13.4/100,000 employed adults. This compares with 15.2/100,000 for 1994-1997. Yearly rates were 13.8 (1998), 12.9 (1999), 14.3 (2000), and 12.5 (2001). For adults with BLLs > or = 40 microg/dL, the overall program's annual mean state prevalence rare during 1998-2001 was 2.9/ 100,000 employed adults. This compares with 3.9/100,000 for 1994-1997. Yearly rates were 3.3 (1998), 2.5 (1999), 2.9 (2000), and 2.8 (2001). Although certain limitations exist, the overall ABLES data indicate a declining trend in elevated BLLs among employed adults. ABLES-funded states increased from 21 to 35 in 2002, and more detailed reporting requirements were put into effect. These, and other improvements, will enable the ABLES program to work more effectively toward its 2010 target of eliminating all cases of BLLs > or = 25 microg/dL in adults caused by workplace exposures. JF - Morbidity and mortality weekly report. Surveillance summaries (Washington, D.C. : 2002) AU - Roscoe, Robert J AU - Ball, Wayne AU - Curran, John J AU - DeLaurier, Carol AU - Falken, Myron C AU - Fitchett, Rose AU - Fleissner, Mary Lou AU - Fletcher, Amy E AU - Garman, Susan J AU - Gergely, Rita M AU - Gerwel, Barbara T AU - Gostin, Judith E AU - Keyvan-Larijani, Ezatollah AU - Leiker, Richard D AU - Lofgren, J P AU - Nelson, Deborah R AU - Payne, Susan F AU - Rabin, Richard A AU - Salzman, Diana L AU - Schaller, Kristina E AU - Sims, Amy S AU - Smith, Joshua D AU - Socie, Edward M AU - Stoeckel, Marie AU - Stone, Robert R AU - Whittaker, Stephen G AD - Division of Surveillance, Hazard Evaluations, and Field Studies, National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, CDC, Cincinnati, Ohio, USA. Y1 - 2002/12/13/ PY - 2002 DA - 2002 Dec 13 SP - 1 EP - 10 VL - 51 IS - 11 SN - 1546-0738, 1546-0738 KW - Lead KW - 2P299V784P KW - Index Medicus KW - Humans KW - Adult KW - Environmental Exposure KW - United States -- epidemiology KW - Lead -- blood KW - Population Surveillance KW - Lead Poisoning -- epidemiology KW - Lead Poisoning -- diagnosis UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/72819403?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Morbidity+and+mortality+weekly+report.+Surveillance+summaries+%28Washington%2C+D.C.+%3A+2002%29&rft.atitle=Adult+blood+lead+epidemiology+and+surveillance--United+States%2C+1998-2001.&rft.au=Roscoe%2C+Robert+J%3BBall%2C+Wayne%3BCurran%2C+John+J%3BDeLaurier%2C+Carol%3BFalken%2C+Myron+C%3BFitchett%2C+Rose%3BFleissner%2C+Mary+Lou%3BFletcher%2C+Amy+E%3BGarman%2C+Susan+J%3BGergely%2C+Rita+M%3BGerwel%2C+Barbara+T%3BGostin%2C+Judith+E%3BKeyvan-Larijani%2C+Ezatollah%3BLeiker%2C+Richard+D%3BLofgren%2C+J+P%3BNelson%2C+Deborah+R%3BPayne%2C+Susan+F%3BRabin%2C+Richard+A%3BSalzman%2C+Diana+L%3BSchaller%2C+Kristina+E%3BSims%2C+Amy+S%3BSmith%2C+Joshua+D%3BSocie%2C+Edward+M%3BStoeckel%2C+Marie%3BStone%2C+Robert+R%3BWhittaker%2C+Stephen+G&rft.aulast=Roscoe&rft.aufirst=Robert&rft.date=2002-12-13&rft.volume=51&rft.issue=11&rft.spage=1&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Morbidity+and+mortality+weekly+report.+Surveillance+summaries+%28Washington%2C+D.C.+%3A+2002%29&rft.issn=15460738&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 2003-01-17 N1 - Date created - 2003-01-16 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Involvement by young drivers in fatal alcohol-related motor-vehicle crashes--United States, 1982-2001. AN - 72821959; 12528920 AB - Motor-vehicle crashes are the leading cause of death in the United States for persons aged 16-24 years, and a substantial proportion of these crashes are alcohol-related. Alcohol-impaired driving is highest among persons aged 21-24 years, and the percentage of fatal crashes that are alcohol-related is highest for this age group. However, alcohol-related crashes are a serious problem even for the youngest drivers. Not only are drivers aged <21 years more likely than older drivers to be involved in fatal crashes, but their added risk for fatal crash involvement increases more sharply at all levels of alcohol use. To characterize the rate of alcohol-related fatal crashes among young drivers, CDC analyzed unpublished data from the Fatality Analysis Reporting System (FARS), a national database of information on fatal crashes. The findings indicate that the largest decrease in alcohol-related fatal crashes during 1982-2001 was among drivers aged <21 years, who have been the target of several interventions to reduce alcohol-impaired driving. Public health and traffic safety professionals should ensure that communities implement comprehensive and effective strategies to reduce alcohol-impaired driving. JF - MMWR. Morbidity and mortality weekly report AU - Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) AD - Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) Y1 - 2002/12/06/ PY - 2002 DA - 2002 Dec 06 SP - 1089 EP - 1091 VL - 51 IS - 48 SN - 0149-2195, 0149-2195 KW - Index Medicus KW - Risk Factors KW - Humans KW - Adult KW - Alcoholic Beverages KW - Adolescent KW - United States -- epidemiology KW - Population Surveillance KW - Automobile Driving KW - Alcoholic Intoxication -- epidemiology KW - Accidents, Traffic -- mortality UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/72821959?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=MMWR.+Morbidity+and+mortality+weekly+report&rft.atitle=Involvement+by+young+drivers+in+fatal+alcohol-related+motor-vehicle+crashes--United+States%2C+1982-2001.&rft.au=Centers+for+Disease+Control+and+Prevention+%28CDC%29&rft.aulast=Centers+for+Disease+Control+and+Prevention+%28CDC%29&rft.aufirst=&rft.date=2002-12-06&rft.volume=51&rft.issue=48&rft.spage=1089&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=MMWR.+Morbidity+and+mortality+weekly+report&rft.issn=01492195&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 2003-01-21 N1 - Date created - 2003-01-16 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Introduction--the methyl parathion story: a chronicle of misuse and preventable human exposure. AN - 72869242; 12634136 AB - In the fall of 1994, Lorain County, Ohio, became the site of the first investigation of several large-scale incidences in which the organophosphate pesticide methyl parathion was illegally applied to private residences. The extent of potential human exposure to this pesticide led the Ohio Department of Health to formally request technical assistance from the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC). This article describes the initial investigation of 64 homes in Ohio and introduces the method of using both biological markers of exposure (p-nitrophenol levels in human urine samples) and environmental markers of contamination in dust and air samples when making public health decisions about the cleanup of homes sprayed with methyl parathion. The results of the CDC rapid investigation led the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency to declare the contaminated homes in Lorain County a Superfund cleanup site. Seven years after the Lorain incident, and after subsequent Superfund actions had been implemented in Illinois and Mississippi, researchers participated in an expanded session devoted to methyl parathion at the 11th Annual Meeting of the International Society of Exposure Analysis held in Charleston, South Carolina, in the fall of 2001. The articles included in this monograph are based on presentations at that meeting. They report previously unpublished data that tell the methyl parathion story from different perspectives, each providing in-depth information about separate aspects of this multistate, multiagency, and multimillion dollar chemical exposure. This monograph is the methyl parathion story. JF - Environmental health perspectives AU - Rubin, Carol AU - Esteban, Emilio AU - Hill, Robert H AU - Pearce, Ken AD - National Center for Environmental Health, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia, USA. crubin@cdc.gov Y1 - 2002/12// PY - 2002 DA - December 2002 SP - 1037 EP - 1040 VL - 110 Suppl 6 SN - 0091-6765, 0091-6765 KW - Biomarkers KW - 0 KW - Insecticides KW - Methyl Parathion KW - 41BCL2O91D KW - Index Medicus KW - United States KW - United States Environmental Protection Agency KW - History, 20th Century KW - Housing -- history KW - Humans KW - Biomarkers -- analysis KW - Insect Control -- history KW - Public Health -- history KW - Insecticides -- adverse effects KW - Environmental Exposure -- history KW - Methyl Parathion -- adverse effects KW - Insecticides -- history KW - Methyl Parathion -- history KW - Environmental Exposure -- adverse effects UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/72869242?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Environmental+health+perspectives&rft.atitle=Introduction--the+methyl+parathion+story%3A+a+chronicle+of+misuse+and+preventable+human+exposure.&rft.au=Rubin%2C+Carol%3BEsteban%2C+Emilio%3BHill%2C+Robert+H%3BPearce%2C+Ken&rft.aulast=Rubin&rft.aufirst=Carol&rft.date=2002-12-01&rft.volume=110+Suppl+6&rft.issue=&rft.spage=1037&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Environmental+health+perspectives&rft.issn=00916765&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 2003-05-06 N1 - Date created - 2003-03-13 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - SuppNotes - Cited By: Environ Health Perspect. 2002 Dec;110 Suppl 6:1053-6 [12634139] Environ Health Perspect. 2002 Dec;110 Suppl 6:1057-9 [12634140] Environ Health Perspect. 2002 Dec;110 Suppl 6:1061-70 [12634141] Environ Health Perspect. 2002 Dec;110 Suppl 6:1071-4 [12634142] Environ Health Perspect. 2002 Dec;110 Suppl 6:1079-83 [12634144] Environ Health Perspect. 2002 Dec;110 Suppl 6:1047-51 [12634138] J Anal Toxicol. 1995 Sep;19(5):323-9 [7500620] J Expo Anal Environ Epidemiol. 1996 Jul-Sep;6(3):375-87 [8889955] Orv Hetil. 1964 Dec 6;105:2335-6 [14228966] J Occup Med. 1976 Oct;18(10):693-6 [135080] Environ Health Perspect. 2002 Dec;110 Suppl 6:1041-6 [12634137] Environ Health Perspect. 2002 Dec;110 Suppl 6:1085-91 [12634145] N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Gene induction studies and toxicity of chemical mixtures. AN - 72863749; 12634124 AB - As part of its mixtures program, the Agency for Toxic Substances and Disease Registry (ATSDR) supports in vitro and limited in vivo toxicity testing to further our understanding of the toxicity and health effects of chemical mixtures. There are increasing concerns that environmental chemicals adversely affect the health of humans and wildlife. These concerns have been augmented by the realization that exposure to chemicals often occurs to mixtures of these chemicals that may exhibit complex synergistic or antagonistic interactions. To address such concerns, we have conducted two studies with techniques that are being used increasingly in experimental toxicology. In the first study, six organochlorine pesticides (4,4 -DDT, 4,4 -DDD, 4,4 -DDE, aldrin, dieldrin, or endrin) were selected from the ATSDR Comprehensive Environmental Response, Compensation and Liability Act of 1980 (or Superfund) priority list and tested for their ability to modulate transcriptional activation of an estrogen-responsive reporter gene in transfected HeLa cells. In these assays, HeLa cells cotransfected with an expression vector encoding estrogen receptor and an estrogen-responsive chloramphenicol acetyltransferase (CAT) reporter plasmid were dosed with and without selected environmental chemicals either individually or in defined combinations. Estradiol consistently elicited 10- to 23-fold dose-dependent inductions in this assay. By contrast, all six of the organochlorine pesticides showed no detectable dose-related response when tested either individually or in binary combinations. Thus, these chemicals as binary mixtures do not exhibit any additional estrogenicity at the levels tested in these assays. In the second study, arsenic [As(V)], cadmium [Cd(II)], chromium [Cr(III, VI)], and lead [Pb(II)] were tested in a commercially developed assay system, CAT-Tox (L), to identify metal-responsive promoters and to determine whether the pattern of gene expression changed with a mixture of these metals. This assay employs a battery of recombinant HepG2 cell lines to test the transcriptional activation capacity of xenobiotics in any of 13 different signal-transduction pathways. Singly, As(V), Cd(II), Cr(III, VI), and Pb(II) produced complex induction profiles in these assays. However, no evidence of synergistic activity was detected with a mixture of Cd(II), Cr(III), and Pb(II). These results have shown metal activation of gene expression through several previously unreported signal-transduction pathways and thus suggest new directions for future studies into their biochemical mechanisms of toxicity. In conclusion, the (italic)in vitro(/italic) methods used in these studies provide insights into complex interactions that occur in cellular systems and could be used to identify biomarkers of exposure to other environmental chemical mixtures. JF - Environmental health perspectives AU - Mumtaz, M M AU - Tully, D B AU - El-Masri, H A AU - De Rosa, C T AD - Agency for Toxic Substances and Disease Registry, U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, Atlanta, Georgia, USA. mgm4@cdc.gov Y1 - 2002/12// PY - 2002 DA - December 2002 SP - 947 EP - 956 VL - 110 Suppl 6 SN - 0091-6765, 0091-6765 KW - Biomarkers KW - 0 KW - Hydrocarbons, Chlorinated KW - Insecticides KW - Metals, Heavy KW - Receptors, Estrogen KW - Chloramphenicol O-Acetyltransferase KW - EC 2.3.1.28 KW - Index Medicus KW - Liver Neoplasms -- pathology KW - Drug Interactions KW - Tumor Cells, Cultured KW - Chloramphenicol O-Acetyltransferase -- biosynthesis KW - HeLa Cells KW - Humans KW - Chloramphenicol O-Acetyltransferase -- pharmacology KW - Carcinoma, Hepatocellular -- pathology KW - Toxicity Tests -- methods KW - Transcriptional Activation KW - Signal Transduction KW - Insecticides -- adverse effects KW - Gene Expression Profiling KW - Receptors, Estrogen -- drug effects KW - Gene Expression Regulation -- drug effects KW - Receptors, Estrogen -- physiology KW - Metals, Heavy -- adverse effects UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/72863749?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Environmental+health+perspectives&rft.atitle=Gene+induction+studies+and+toxicity+of+chemical+mixtures.&rft.au=Mumtaz%2C+M+M%3BTully%2C+D+B%3BEl-Masri%2C+H+A%3BDe+Rosa%2C+C+T&rft.aulast=Mumtaz&rft.aufirst=M&rft.date=2002-12-01&rft.volume=110+Suppl+6&rft.issue=&rft.spage=947&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Environmental+health+perspectives&rft.issn=00916765&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 2003-05-06 N1 - Date created - 2003-03-13 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - SuppNotes - Cited By: Toxicol Sci. 2000 Apr;54(2):277-83 [10774809] Environ Health Perspect. 1998 Dec;106 Suppl 6:1271-80 [9860881] Toxicol Appl Pharmacol. 2000 Oct 15;168(2):79-90 [11032763] Anal Biochem. 1976 May 7;72:248-54 [942051] Environ Res. 1978 Jul;16(1-3):131-8 [79483] Life Sci. 1980 Sep 22;27(12):1111-7 [7421403] J Immunol Methods. 1983 Dec 16;65(1-2):55-63 [6606682] Cell. 1984 May;37(1):263-72 [6327055] Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1985 Oct;82(19):6455-9 [3931075] J Biol Chem. 1986 Feb 5;261(4):1935-40 [3003089] Nature. 1988 Jul 28;334(6180):314-9 [2839774] Mol Cell Biol. 1988 Nov;8(11):4736-44 [3211126] Mol Cell Biol. 1988 Aug;8(8):3526-31 [3145412] Cancer Res. 1989 Apr 1;49(7):1687-92 [2466559] Mol Cell Biol. 1989 Jun;9(6):2378-86 [2548080] Mol Cell Biol. 1989 Oct;9(10):4196-203 [2573827] Biochem Biophys Res Commun. 1990 Feb 14;166(3):1429-34 [2154980] Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1990 May;87(10):3826-30 [2160079] Biochim Biophys Acta. 1991 Apr 16;1072(1):63-80 [2018779] J Cell Physiol. 1991 Jul;148(1):68-74 [1907289] Mol Cell Biol. 1991 Nov;11(11):5612-23 [1656235] Cancer Res. 1991 Dec 1;51(23 Pt 1):6304-11 [1933891] Cancer Res. 1992 Jan 1;52(1):5-10 [1727386] Biochim Biophys Acta. 1991 Dec 10;1072(2-3):129-57 [1751545] Methods Enzymol. 1991;206:409-20 [1784226] FASEB J. 1992 Jan 6;6(2):706-10 [1537460] Bull Environ Contam Toxicol. 1992 Jan;48(1):125-30 [1581669] Gene. 1992 Jul 15;116(2):259-67 [1339368] Cell. 1992 Aug 21;70(4):523-6 [1505019] Annu Rev Biophys Biomol Struct. 1992;21:293-322 [1525471] Crit Rev Oncog. 1992;3(4):321-38 [1329990] Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1993 Jan 1;90(1):30-4 [8380496] Toxicology. 1993 Jan 29;77(1-2):145-56 [8442010] J Biol Chem. 1993 Jun 5;268(16):11475-8 [8505281] Mol Cell Biol. 1993 Jul;13(7):4242-50 [8321226] Mol Cell Biol. 1993 Sep;13(9):5427-38 [8355691] Biometals. 1993 Summer;6(2):133-8 [8358207] Toxicology. 1993 Jul 28;81(2):155-64 [8378941] J Biol Chem. 1993 Nov 15;268(32):24385-93 [8226988] J Toxicol Environ Health. 1994 Feb;41(2):233-45 [8301701] Toxicol Appl Pharmacol. 1994 May;126(1):1-5 [8184419] Toxicol Lett. 1995 Sep;79(1-3):1-316 [7570645] Carcinogenesis. 1995 Oct;16(10):2401-5 [7586142] Kidney Int. 1995 Aug;48(2):383-9 [7564105] Free Radic Biol Med. 1995 Dec;19(6):805-12 [8582653] Fundam Appl Toxicol. 1995 Nov;28(1):118-28 [8566476] Environ Health Perspect. 1995 Oct;103 Suppl 7:113-22 [8593856] Steroids. 1996 Nov;61(11):642-6 [8916358] Environ Health Perspect. 1996 Dec;104(12):1296-300 [9118870] Endocrinology. 1997 Apr;138(4):1520-7 [9075711] Food Chem Toxicol. 1996 Nov-Dec;34(11-12):1163-5 [9119332] Environ Health Perspect. 1997 Mar;105(3):294-301 [9171990] Biochem Pharmacol. 1997 Apr 25;53(8):1161-72 [9175721] Toxicol Appl Pharmacol. 1997 Jun;144(2):247-61 [9194408] Biochem Pharmacol. 1997 May 15;53(10):1425-34 [9260869] Regul Toxicol Pharmacol. 1997 Aug;26(1 Pt 2):S35-41 [9380836] Environ Health Perspect. 1998 Feb;106 Suppl 1:297-300 [9539022] Carcinogenesis. 1998 Aug;19(8):1401-7 [9744536] Reprod Toxicol. 2000 Mar-Apr;14(2):95-102 [10825672] N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Use of HIV postexposure prophylaxis by dental health care personnel: an overview and updated recommendations. AN - 72805256; 12512659 AB - The authors conducted a study on the use of postexposure prophylaxis, or PEP, for exposure to human immunodeficiency virus, or HIV, among dental health care personnel, or DHCP, enrolled in a surveillance system established by the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, or CDC. They also discuss updated U.S. Public Health Service, or USPHS, recommendations for managing occupational exposures to HIV, as well as considerations for dentistry. The authors analyzed occupational exposures reported by DHCP to the CDC to describe characteristics of the exposure (for example, type and severity), the source patient's HIV status and use of PEP. From June 1995 through August 2001, DHCP reported 208 exposures--199 percutaneous injuries, six mucous membrane exposures and three skin exposures--to the CDC. One-third of these percutaneous injuries were caused by small-bore hollow syringe needles, and most (66 percent) were moderate in depth. Nearly half the devices involved (46 percent) were visibly bloody at the time of injury. Per the criteria described in USPHS guidelines, one-half of the injuries were categorized as "less severe." Twenty-four (13 percent) known source patients were HIV-positive; 14 had symptomatic HIV infection or a high viral load. In this study, three in four DHCP exposed to an HIV-positive source warranted a three-drug PEP regimen. Twenty-nine (24 percent) DHCP exposed to a source patient who subsequently was found to be HIV-negative took PEP; six took PEP for five to 29 days. No exposures resulted in HIV infection. Findings of this study are consistent with earlier reports indicating that the risk of HIV transmission in dental settings is low. Strategies such as rapid HIV testing of source patients and follow-up counseling may reduce unnecessary use of PEP. Dental practices should develop comprehensive, written programs for preventing and managing occupational exposures to blood. JF - Journal of the American Dental Association (1939) AU - Cleveland, Jennifer L AU - Barker, Laurie AU - Gooch, Barbara F AU - Beltrami, Elise M AU - Cardo, Denise AU - National Surveillance System for Health Care Workers Group of the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention AD - Division of Oral Health, National Center for Chronic Disease Prevention and Health Promotion, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Chamblee, GA 30341, USA. jlcleveland@cdc.gov ; National Surveillance System for Health Care Workers Group of the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention Y1 - 2002/12// PY - 2002 DA - December 2002 SP - 1619 EP - 1626 VL - 133 IS - 12 SN - 0002-8177, 0002-8177 KW - Anti-HIV Agents KW - 0 KW - Dentistry KW - Index Medicus KW - United States Public Health Service KW - Equipment Contamination KW - Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (U.S.) KW - Humans KW - Anti-HIV Agents -- administration & dosage KW - Needlestick Injuries -- epidemiology KW - Population Surveillance KW - Viral Load KW - Needlestick Injuries -- classification KW - Anti-HIV Agents -- therapeutic use KW - Risk Factors KW - HIV Seropositivity -- classification KW - Statistics as Topic KW - HIV Seronegativity KW - United States -- epidemiology KW - HIV Seropositivity -- epidemiology KW - Occupational Exposure -- statistics & numerical data KW - Dental Auxiliaries KW - HIV Infections -- transmission KW - Occupational Exposure -- classification KW - HIV Infections -- prevention & control KW - Dentists KW - Infectious Disease Transmission, Patient-to-Professional -- prevention & control UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/72805256?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+the+American+Dental+Association+%281939%29&rft.atitle=Use+of+HIV+postexposure+prophylaxis+by+dental+health+care+personnel%3A+an+overview+and+updated+recommendations.&rft.au=Cleveland%2C+Jennifer+L%3BBarker%2C+Laurie%3BGooch%2C+Barbara+F%3BBeltrami%2C+Elise+M%3BCardo%2C+Denise%3BNational+Surveillance+System+for+Health+Care+Workers+Group+of+the+Centers+for+Disease+Control+and+Prevention&rft.aulast=Cleveland&rft.aufirst=Jennifer&rft.date=2002-12-01&rft.volume=133&rft.issue=12&rft.spage=1619&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+the+American+Dental+Association+%281939%29&rft.issn=00028177&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 2003-06-18 N1 - Date created - 2003-01-06 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Occupational injury prevention research: progress and priorities. AN - 72728703; 12460949 AB - The twentieth century witnessed remarkable reductions in the number and rate of occupational fatalities and injuries. However, many preventable injuries and deaths still occur. Barriers to progress in occupational injury prevention are discussed, along with strategies for overcoming them. In mining, the frequency of death has dramatically declined over the century. The latest figures from the BLS indicate that less than 6000 worker deaths from injury occurred in 2000. Catastrophic events have prompted increased attention, resources, and action on workplace hazards and risks, resulting in sweeping changes, including new protective laws. Science based approaches to prevention have contributed to progress. Multidisciplinary collaboration among injury prevention researchers, and collaboration and cooperation among multiple sectors, have improved the relevance and application of injury prevention research and development. Barriers to further progress include lack of evaluation of the effectiveness of prevention strategies and technologies, including cost effectiveness; lack of widespread implementation of known, effective prevention; and lack of efficient transfer and implementation of prevention knowledge and products to the workplace. Evaluation and implementation of prevention efforts are most successfully achieved in partnership between researchers and the industry at risk, which requires outreach efforts on the part of the occupational research community. JF - Injury prevention : journal of the International Society for Child and Adolescent Injury Prevention AU - Stout, N A AU - Linn, H I AD - Division of Safety Research, National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, 1095 Willowdale Road, Morgantown, West Virginia 26505, USA. nas5@cdc.gov Y1 - 2002/12// PY - 2002 DA - December 2002 SP - IV9 EP - I14 VL - 8 Suppl 4 SN - 1353-8047, 1353-8047 KW - Index Medicus KW - Occupational Health -- legislation & jurisprudence KW - Survival Rate KW - Humans KW - Mortality -- trends KW - Forecasting KW - Research KW - Health Policy KW - Accident Prevention KW - Accidents, Occupational -- prevention & control KW - Accidents, Occupational -- mortality UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/72728703?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Injury+prevention+%3A+journal+of+the+International+Society+for+Child+and+Adolescent+Injury+Prevention&rft.atitle=Occupational+injury+prevention+research%3A+progress+and+priorities.&rft.au=Stout%2C+N+A%3BLinn%2C+H+I&rft.aulast=Stout&rft.aufirst=N&rft.date=2002-12-01&rft.volume=8+Suppl+4&rft.issue=&rft.spage=IV9&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Injury+prevention+%3A+journal+of+the+International+Society+for+Child+and+Adolescent+Injury+Prevention&rft.issn=13538047&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 2003-03-26 N1 - Date created - 2002-12-03 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Methods of assessing neurobehavioral development in children exposed to methyl parathion in Mississippi and Ohio. AN - 21267875; 11702309 AB - Methyl parathion (MP), an organophosphate pesticide, was sprayed illegally for pest control in U.S. residences and businesses in Mississippi and Ohio. To evaluate the association between MP exposure and neurobehavioral development, children 6 years of age or younger at the time of the spraying and local comparison groups of unexposed children were assessed using the pediatric environmental neurobehavioral test battery (PENTB). The PENTB is composed of informant-based procedures (parent interview and questionnaires) and performance-based procedures (neurobehavioral tests for children 4 years of age or older) that evaluate each of the four broad domains (cognitive, motor, sensory, and affect) essential to neurobehavioral assessment. Children were classified as exposed or unexposed using urinary p-nitrophenol (PNP) levels and environmental wipe samples for MP. Exposure was defined as a urinary PNP level of greater than or equal to 100 ppb for the child or any other individual living in the household. Environmental wipe sample levels of greater than or equal to 150 g MP/100 cm2 and greater than or equal to 132.9 g MP/100 cm2 were used to define MP exposure for children living in Mississippi and Ohio, respectively. The PENTB was first administered in summer 1999 (year 1). The PENTB was readministered in summer 2000 (year 2) to children who participated in year 1 of the study. A description of the methods used in the study are presented. Results of data analyses for both years of the study will be presented in a separate publication. JF - Environmental Health Perspectives AU - Zeitz, Perri AU - Kakolewski, Kirsten AU - Imtiaz, Rubina AU - Kaye, Wendy AD - Epidemiology and Surveillance Branch, Division of Health Studies, Agency for Toxic Substances and Disease Registry, Atlanta Georgia, USA., afp4@cdc.gov Y1 - 2002/12// PY - 2002 DA - Dec 2002 SP - 1079 EP - 1083 PB - US Government Printing Office, Superintendent of Documents, P.O. Box 371954 Pittsburgh PA 15250-7954 USA VL - 110 IS - Suppl 6 SN - 0091-6765, 0091-6765 KW - CSA Neurosciences Abstracts; Environment Abstracts KW - Inventories KW - Pesticides (organophosphorus) KW - Age KW - Data processing KW - Organophosphates KW - Pediatrics KW - p-Nitrophenol KW - Pest control KW - Children KW - Spraying KW - households KW - Urine KW - Cognitive ability KW - Neurotoxicity KW - USA, Mississippi KW - Geriatrics KW - summer KW - Methyl parathion KW - USA, Ohio KW - Parathion KW - N3 11028:Neuropharmacology & toxicology KW - ENA 02:Toxicology & Environmental Safety UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/21267875?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aenvabstractsmodule&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Environmental+Health+Perspectives&rft.atitle=Methods+of+assessing+neurobehavioral+development+in+children+exposed+to+methyl+parathion+in+Mississippi+and+Ohio.&rft.au=Zeitz%2C+Perri%3BKakolewski%2C+Kirsten%3BImtiaz%2C+Rubina%3BKaye%2C+Wendy&rft.aulast=Zeitz&rft.aufirst=Perri&rft.date=2002-12-01&rft.volume=110&rft.issue=Suppl+6&rft.spage=1079&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Environmental+Health+Perspectives&rft.issn=00916765&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2010-01-01 N1 - Last updated - 2015-03-31 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Pesticides (organophosphorus); Inventories; Age; Data processing; Pediatrics; Cognitive ability; Geriatrics; p-Nitrophenol; Pest control; Methyl parathion; Spraying; Children; households; Organophosphates; Urine; Neurotoxicity; summer; Parathion; USA, Mississippi; USA, Ohio ER - TY - JOUR T1 - An investigation of unexplained infant deaths in houses contaminated with methyl parathion. AN - 21251204; 11702307 AB - In Lorain County, Ohio, unexplained infant deaths in homes sprayed with methyl parathion (MP), an organophosphate (OP) pesticide, prompted an investigation to determine whether infants living in treated homes are at higher risk for unexplained death. A case was defined as any death of an infant (12 months of age) in Lorain County between 1 January 1990 and 31 December 1994, attributed to sudden infant death syndrome (SIDS) or other unknown natural causes. For each case infant, birth certificate data were used to identify two control infants matched with regard to date of birth, sex, city of residence, and maternal race and educational level. Wipe samples from the home address listed on the birth certificate of control infants or the death certificate of case infants were analyzed for MP. Birth certificates provided additional risk factor information. The relationship between MP contamination and unexplained death was analyzed by exact conditional logistic regression. Wipe samples were collected from the residences of 34 case infants and 72 control infants. MP (>0.02 mg/100 cm2) was detected in five homes, three of which had been occupied by case infants. Case infants were 4.6 times more likely than control infants to have lived in MP-treated homes, but the confidence interval (CI) was wide (95% CI: 0.2, 274.7) and included 1. Maternal smoking, young maternal age, and the presence of other siblings in the family were each independently predictive of case status. In a multivariate model adjusting for these other variables and the matching variables, the estimated risk associated with MP exposure was 13.0 (95% CI: 0.2, 2,685.0). Although this association was not statistically significant and should be interpreted cautiously, it suggests an increased risk for unexplained death among infants living in MP-contaminated homes. The relationship between children's health and exposure to OP pesticides including MP should be evaluated further. JF - Environmental Health Perspectives AU - Wasley, Annemarie AU - Lepine, Lisa A AU - Jenkins, Roland AU - Rubin, Carol AD - Division of Viral Hepatitis, National Center for Infectious Diseases, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia, USA., acw5@cdc.gov Y1 - 2002/12// PY - 2002 DA - Dec 2002 SP - 1053 EP - 1056 PB - US Government Printing Office, Superintendent of Documents, P.O. Box 371954 Pittsburgh PA 15250-7954 USA VL - 110 IS - Suppl 6 SN - 0091-6765, 0091-6765 KW - Pollution Abstracts; Risk Abstracts; Environment Abstracts; Health & Safety Science Abstracts KW - Mortality KW - Age KW - USA, Ohio, Lorain Cty. KW - Housing KW - Organophosphates KW - Children KW - siblings KW - Smoking KW - Pesticides KW - Residential areas KW - USA, Ohio KW - Urban areas KW - sudden infant death syndrome KW - Parathion KW - Infants KW - H 5000:Pesticides KW - R2 23060:Medical and environmental health KW - P 6000:TOXICOLOGY AND HEALTH KW - ENA 02:Toxicology & Environmental Safety UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/21251204?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Ariskabstracts&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Environmental+Health+Perspectives&rft.atitle=An+investigation+of+unexplained+infant+deaths+in+houses+contaminated+with+methyl+parathion.&rft.au=Wasley%2C+Annemarie%3BLepine%2C+Lisa+A%3BJenkins%2C+Roland%3BRubin%2C+Carol&rft.aulast=Wasley&rft.aufirst=Annemarie&rft.date=2002-12-01&rft.volume=110&rft.issue=Suppl+6&rft.spage=1053&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Environmental+Health+Perspectives&rft.issn=00916765&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2010-01-01 N1 - Last updated - 2015-03-31 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Mortality; Age; Housing; Organophosphates; siblings; Children; Smoking; Pesticides; Residential areas; Infants; Parathion; sudden infant death syndrome; Urban areas; USA, Ohio, Lorain Cty.; USA, Ohio ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Effect of follow-up time on risk estimates: A longitudinal examination of the relative risks of leukemia and multiple myeloma in a rubber hydrochloride cohort AN - 18882445; 5725418 AB - Background Choice of follow-up time for an occupational cohort can influence risk estimates. We examined the effects of follow-up time on relative risk estimates for leukemia and multiple myeloma in a cohort of 1,845 rubber hydrochloride workers. Materials and Methods We generated standardized mortality ratios (SMRs) for yearly follow-ups, beginning each study in 1940 and increasing study end dates from 1950 through 1996. We used Cox proportional hazards modeling to explore the effects of follow-up time on the exposure-response relationship. Results The SMR for leukemia rose to 13.55 in 1961 and fell nearly monotonically to 2.47 by 1996. Cox modeling suggested interaction between cumulative exposure and time since exposure. A longer time to peak risk was seen for multiple myeloma. Conclusions Because summary risk estimates change with follow-up time, exposure limits set using these estimates may not adequately protect workers. Consideration of appropriate follow-up time and use of more complex temporal models are critical to the risk assessment process. JF - American Journal of Industrial Medicine AU - Silver AU - Rinsky, R A AU - Cooper, S P AU - Hornung, R W AU - Lai, D AD - Division of Surveillance, National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, Hazard Evaluations and Field Studies, 4676 Columbia Parkway, MS R-44, Cincinnati, OH 45226, USA, ZRE4@cdc.gov Y1 - 2002/12// PY - 2002 DA - Dec 2002 SP - 481 EP - 489 VL - 42 IS - 6 SN - 0271-3586, 0271-3586 KW - man KW - rubber hydrochloride KW - Toxicology Abstracts KW - X 24152:Chronic exposure UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/18882445?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxicologyabstracts&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=American+Journal+of+Industrial+Medicine&rft.atitle=Effect+of+follow-up+time+on+risk+estimates%3A+A+longitudinal+examination+of+the+relative+risks+of+leukemia+and+multiple+myeloma+in+a+rubber+hydrochloride+cohort&rft.au=Silver%3BRinsky%2C+R+A%3BCooper%2C+S+P%3BHornung%2C+R+W%3BLai%2C+D&rft.aulast=Silver&rft.aufirst=&rft.date=2002-12-01&rft.volume=42&rft.issue=6&rft.spage=481&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=American+Journal+of+Industrial+Medicine&rft.issn=02713586&rft_id=info:doi/10.1002%2Fajim.10139 LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ajim.10139 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Significance of radiation exposure from work-related chest X-rays for epidemiological studies of radiation workers AN - 18882403; 5725419 AB - Background Previous epidemiologic studies of workers at nuclear weapons facilities have not included X-ray exposures as part of the occupational radiation exposure. The research objective was to determine the contribution of work-related chest X-ray (WRX) exposure relative to teh cumulative occupational radiation exposure. Methods Cases and controls were identified from a cohort of workers whose employment began as early as 1943. Medical records for 297 subjects were used to determine the bone marrow dose from their X-ray examinations. Individual dose data, however, were only available for 45 workers. Bone marrow dose estimates were calculated by converting the entrance-skin-exposure (from X-ray procedures) and occupational exposure (from monitoring data) to dose. Results Stereoscopic photofluorography delivered a bone marrow dose nearly 100 times that delivered by today's chest X-ray technique. Photofluorography was the predominant radiation source during the 1940s and 1950s. The cumulative WRX dose was, on average, 50 times their occupational doses. No correlation between occupational and WRX dose was found, but may be due to the small study size and incomplete dose data. Conclusions These findings illustrate the importance of including WRX doses in retrospective epidemiological studies of radiation workers, especially if photofluorographic chest X-rays were performed and occupational exposure to ionizing radiation is low. JF - American Journal of Industrial Medicine AU - Cardarelli, J AU - Spitz, H AU - Rice, C AU - Buncher, R AU - Elson, H AU - Succop, P AD - National Institute for Occupational Safety & Health, Robert A Taft Laboratories (R-11), Hazard Evaluation, Technical assistance Branch 4676 Columbia Parkway, Cincinnati, Ohio 45226-1998, USA, jcardarelli@cdc.gov Y1 - 2002/12// PY - 2002 DA - Dec 2002 SP - 490 EP - 501 VL - 42 IS - 6 SN - 0271-3586, 0271-3586 KW - man KW - nuclear weapons facilities KW - Toxicology Abstracts KW - X 24210:Radiation & radioactive materials UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/18882403?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxicologyabstracts&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=American+Journal+of+Industrial+Medicine&rft.atitle=Significance+of+radiation+exposure+from+work-related+chest+X-rays+for+epidemiological+studies+of+radiation+workers&rft.au=Cardarelli%2C+J%3BSpitz%2C+H%3BRice%2C+C%3BBuncher%2C+R%3BElson%2C+H%3BSuccop%2C+P&rft.aulast=Cardarelli&rft.aufirst=J&rft.date=2002-12-01&rft.volume=42&rft.issue=6&rft.spage=490&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=American+Journal+of+Industrial+Medicine&rft.issn=02713586&rft_id=info:doi/10.1002%2Fajim.10137 LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ajim.10137 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Measurement of p-Nitrophenol in the Urine of Residents Whose Homes Were Contaminated with Methyl Parathion AN - 18792104; 5662094 AB - During the last several years, illegal commercial application of methyl parathion (MP) in domestic settings in several U.S. Southeastern and Midwestern States has affected largely innercity residents. As part of a multiagency response involving the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (U.S. EPA), the Agency for Toxic Substances and Disease Registry (ATSDR), and state and local health departments, our laboratory developed a rapid, high-throughput, selective method for quantifying p-nitrophenol (PNP), a biomarker of MP exposure, using isotope dilution high-performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry. We measured PNP in approximately 16,000 samples collected from residents of seven different states. Using this method, we were able to receive sample batches from each state; prepare, analyze, and quantify the samples for PNP; verify the results; and report the data to the health departments and ATSDR in about 48 hr. These data indicate that many residents had urinary PNP concentrations well in excess of those of the general U.S. population. In fact, their urinary PNP concentrations were more consistent with those seen in occupational settings or in poisoning cases. Although these data, when coupled with other MP metabolite data, suggest that many residents with the highest concentrations of urinary PNP had significant exposure to MP, they do not unequivocally rule out exposure to PNP resulting from environmental degradation of MP. Even with their limitations, these data were used with the assumption that all PNP was derived from MP exposure, which enabled the U.S. EPA and ATSDR to develop a comprehensive, biologically driven response that was protective of human health, especially susceptible populations, and included clinical evaluations, outreach activities, community education, integrated pest management, and decontamination of homes. JF - Environmental Health Perspectives AU - Barr, D B AU - Turner, W E AU - DiPietro, E AU - McClure, P C AU - Baker, SE AU - Barr, J R AU - Gehle, K AU - Grissom, RE Jr AU - Bravo, R AU - Driskell, W J AU - Patterson, DG Jr AU - Hill, RH Jr AU - Needham, L L AU - Pirkle, J L AU - Sampson, E J AD - 4770 Buford Highway, MS F-17, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA, dbarr@cdc.gov Y1 - 2002/12// PY - 2002 DA - Dec 2002 SP - 1085 EP - 1091 VL - 110 SN - 0091-6765, 0091-6765 KW - man KW - Toxicology Abstracts KW - X 24136:Environmental impact UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/18792104?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxicologyabstracts&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Environmental+Health+Perspectives&rft.atitle=Measurement+of+p-Nitrophenol+in+the+Urine+of+Residents+Whose+Homes+Were+Contaminated+with+Methyl+Parathion&rft.au=Barr%2C+D+B%3BTurner%2C+W+E%3BDiPietro%2C+E%3BMcClure%2C+P+C%3BBaker%2C+SE%3BBarr%2C+J+R%3BGehle%2C+K%3BGrissom%2C+RE+Jr%3BBravo%2C+R%3BDriskell%2C+W+J%3BPatterson%2C+DG+Jr%3BHill%2C+RH+Jr%3BNeedham%2C+L+L%3BPirkle%2C+J+L%3BSampson%2C+E+J&rft.aulast=Barr&rft.aufirst=D&rft.date=2002-12-01&rft.volume=110&rft.issue=&rft.spage=1085&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Environmental+Health+Perspectives&rft.issn=00916765&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Assessment of Human Exposure and Human Health Effects after Indoor Application of Methyl Parathion in Lorain County, Ohio, 1995-1996 AN - 18790439; 5662087 AB - In January 1995 the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency declared methyl parathion-contaminated homes in Lorain County, Ohio, as a Superfund cleanup site. During the 2-year cleanup, the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention in collaboration with county and city health officials conducted a study of exposure and health effects among residents. We administered 254 household and 747 individual questionnaires; urine analysis for p-nitrophenol (PNP, a metabolite of methyl parathion) was available for 626 participants. We also reviewed medical records of 49 people who were hospitalized or died after their homes were sprayed. People living in homes sprayed 100 ppb PNP), but even people living in homes sprayed more than a year previously appeared to be highly exposed (8.5% > 100 ppb PNP). The National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey reference range is 0-63 ppb. Median detectable PNP levels among children younger than 3 years of age were 93.9 ppb compared with 41.6 ppb among people older than 3 years. Younger children appeared to be at greatest risk of exposure. In none of the medical records that we reviewed did a health care provider consider pesticide poisoning as a potential etiology. JF - Environmental Health Perspectives AU - Rubin, C AU - Esteban, E AU - Kieszak, S AU - Hill, RH Jr AU - Dunlop, B AU - Yacovac, R AU - Trottier, J AU - Boylan, K AU - Tomasewski, T AU - Pearce, K AD - Health Studies Branch, National Center for Environmental Health, CDC, 1600 Clifton Rd., NE, Mailstop E-23, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA, crubin@cdc.gov Y1 - 2002/12// PY - 2002 DA - Dec 2002 SP - 1047 EP - 1051 VL - 110 SN - 0091-6765, 0091-6765 KW - exposure KW - man KW - methyl parathion KW - Health & Safety Science Abstracts; Toxicology Abstracts; Pollution Abstracts KW - H 12000:Epidemiology and Public Health KW - P 6000:TOXICOLOGY AND HEALTH KW - X 24136:Environmental impact UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/18790439?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxicologyabstracts&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Environmental+Health+Perspectives&rft.atitle=Assessment+of+Human+Exposure+and+Human+Health+Effects+after+Indoor+Application+of+Methyl+Parathion+in+Lorain+County%2C+Ohio%2C+1995-1996&rft.au=Rubin%2C+C%3BEsteban%2C+E%3BKieszak%2C+S%3BHill%2C+RH+Jr%3BDunlop%2C+B%3BYacovac%2C+R%3BTrottier%2C+J%3BBoylan%2C+K%3BTomasewski%2C+T%3BPearce%2C+K&rft.aulast=Rubin&rft.aufirst=C&rft.date=2002-12-01&rft.volume=110&rft.issue=&rft.spage=1047&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Environmental+Health+Perspectives&rft.issn=00916765&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Analysis of Environmental and Biologic Methyl Parathion Data to Improve Future Data Collection AN - 18786614; 5662091 AB - The Agency for Toxic Substances and Disease Registry analyzed concurrently collected data on environmental methyl parathion (MP) and urinary p-nitrophenol (PNP) at the request of the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (U.S. EPA). The purpose of the analysis was to assess whether individuals' age or level of residential MP contamination might predict their urinary PNP level. Unlicensed pesticide applicators had sprayed residences in Mississippi with MP, which is approved as a pesticide only for outdoor agricultural use. Data were received from Mississippi for MP wipe sample levels for 409 homes and urinary PNP levels for 929 residents of the residences sampled. In addition to descriptive and bivariate analyses, ordinal logistic regression was performed after categorizing the data. Interpretation of results was limited by several identified data gaps and pre-existing data-quality issues. On the basis of the lessons learned from identified data gaps, specific recommendations were made to the U.S. EPA for improving future data collection methods for more meaningful exposure assessment in similar environmental contaminations. The recommended changes were successfully incorporated in subsequent data collected by other states that had experienced similar residential MP spraying. JF - Environmental Health Perspectives AU - Imtiaz, R AU - Haugh, G AD - Program Development Branch, Division of International Health, Epidemiology Program Office, CDC, 4770 Buford Highway, MS K-72, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA, rxi0@cdc.gov Y1 - 2002/12// PY - 2002 DA - Dec 2002 SP - 1071 EP - 1074 VL - 110 SN - 0091-6765, 0091-6765 KW - biomarkers KW - data analysis KW - man KW - Toxicology Abstracts KW - X 24136:Environmental impact UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/18786614?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxicologyabstracts&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Environmental+Health+Perspectives&rft.atitle=Analysis+of+Environmental+and+Biologic+Methyl+Parathion+Data+to+Improve+Future+Data+Collection&rft.au=Imtiaz%2C+R%3BHaugh%2C+G&rft.aulast=Imtiaz&rft.aufirst=R&rft.date=2002-12-01&rft.volume=110&rft.issue=&rft.spage=1071&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Environmental+Health+Perspectives&rft.issn=00916765&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Public Health Decisions: The Laboratory's Role in the Lorain County, Ohio, Investigation AN - 18782914; 5662089 AB - In 1994 officials from the Ohio Department of Health reported that some residents of Lorain County, Ohio, possibly had been exposed to methyl parathion (MP), a highly toxic restricted-use pesticide. The U.S. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) assisted in the investigation by providing epidemiologic and laboratory support to the state and local health departments. Although the initial investigation found MP inside the homes, it was unclear if the residents were exposed. CDC used a new biological monitoring method to measure urinary p-nitrophenol (PNP), the metabolite of MP. This biological monitoring measures the internal dose from exposure to toxic chemicals from all routes. Laboratory analyses demonstrated that the urine of residents contained moderate to high levels of PNP, with median, mean, and highest reported concentrations of 28, 240, and 4,800 mu g/L, respectively, thus confirming exposure of the residents. Almost 80% of the residents had urinary PNP concentrations above the 95 super(th) percentile of the reference range concentrations. This information, combined with other analytical results of air and wipe tests, guided public health officials' decisions about the potential risk in each household. In this article we illustrate the laboratory's role in providing information to assist in making these public health decisions. Furthermore, it illustrates how a multidisciplinary team from various governmental agencies worked together to protect the public's health. JF - Environmental Health Perspectives AU - Hill, RH Jr AU - Head, S AU - Barr, D B AU - Rubin, C AU - Esteban, E AU - Baker, SE AU - Bailey, S AU - Needham, L L AD - CDC, 1600 Clifton Rd. (F05), Atlanta, GA 30333 USA, rhill@cdc.gov Y1 - 2002/12// PY - 2002 DA - Dec 2002 SP - 1057 EP - 1059 VL - 110 SN - 0091-6765, 0091-6765 KW - man KW - Toxicology Abstracts KW - X 24136:Environmental impact UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/18782914?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxicologyabstracts&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Environmental+Health+Perspectives&rft.atitle=Public+Health+Decisions%3A+The+Laboratory%27s+Role+in+the+Lorain+County%2C+Ohio%2C+Investigation&rft.au=Hill%2C+RH+Jr%3BHead%2C+S%3BBarr%2C+D+B%3BRubin%2C+C%3BEsteban%2C+E%3BBaker%2C+SE%3BBailey%2C+S%3BNeedham%2C+L+L&rft.aulast=Hill&rft.aufirst=RH&rft.date=2002-12-01&rft.volume=110&rft.issue=&rft.spage=1057&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Environmental+Health+Perspectives&rft.issn=00916765&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - REACH 2010 Coalitions: Reaching for Ways to Prevent Cardiovascular Disease and Diabetes AN - 18720169; 5599142 AB - Some public health programs make a major impact, and others barely cause a ripple. One program that will surely be remembered for making a difference is the Racial and Ethnic Approaches to Community Health (REACH 2010) demonstration program. REACH 2010 was launched by the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) in 1999 to respond to the Healthy People 2010 goal of eliminating health disparities and the federal initiative to Eliminate Racial and Ethnic Disparities in Health. The federal initiative was created because of the major disparities in health endured by communities of color in the United States even as the health status of most Americans improved. Racial and ethnic groups served by this initiative include African Americans, American Indians/Alaska Natives, Hispanic Americans, Asian Americans, and Pacific Islanders. Because of a myriad of social and economic factors, members of these racial and ethnic groups are likely to have higher rates of morbidity and mortality than whites and poorer health outcomes in general. A recent report by the Institute of Medicine (IOM) noted that this burden often holds regardless of income or educational achievement. JF - Journal of Women's Health AU - Ma'at, I AU - Owens, M AU - Hughes, M AD - REACH 2010 Demonstration Program, National Center for Chronic Disease Prevention and Health Promotion, Division of Adult and Community Health, MS-45, 4770 Buford Highway NE, Atlanta, GA 30341-3724, USA, IMAAT@cdc.gov Y1 - 2002/12// PY - 2002 DA - Dec 2002 SP - 829 EP - 839 VL - 11 IS - 10 SN - 1059-7115, 1059-7115 KW - Physical Education Index KW - PE 030:Exercise, Health & Physical Fitness UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/18720169?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aphysicaleducation&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Women%27s+Health&rft.atitle=REACH+2010+Coalitions%3A+Reaching+for+Ways+to+Prevent+Cardiovascular+Disease+and+Diabetes&rft.au=Ma%27at%2C+I%3BOwens%2C+M%3BHughes%2C+M&rft.aulast=Ma%27at&rft.aufirst=I&rft.date=2002-12-01&rft.volume=11&rft.issue=10&rft.spage=829&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+Women%27s+Health&rft.issn=10597115&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - Physical Education Index N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Is Home Renovation or Repair a Risk Factor for Exposure to Lead Among Children Residing in New York City? AN - 18698252; 5585675 AB - Children can be lead poisoned when leaded paint is disturbed during home renovation or repair. We conducted a case-control study to assess the association between elevated blood lead levels (BLLs) in children younger than 5 years of age and renovation or repair of homes built before 1950 in New York City. In 1998, we interviewed parents of 106 case children (BLLs greater than or equal to 10 mu g/dL) and 159 control children (BLLs less than or equal to 5 mu g/dL) living in selected New York City neighborhoods. We then used logistic regression methods to estimate odds ratios (ORs) for elevated BLLs among children living in housing that had undergone various renovations or repairs in the 6 months before the blood lead test, and we adjusted for age and test month. Case children were only slightly more likely than control children to live in a house that had undergone any renovation (OR = 1.2, 95% confidence interval [95% CI] = 0.7, 2.1). Case children were more likely to (1) live in housing that had interior surfaces prepared for painting, especially by hand sanding (OR = 3.5, 95% CI = 1.1, 10.9; population attributable risk [PAR%] = 10.4%, 95% CI = 0.5%, 19.3%); and (2) have work-created dust throughout their housing unit (OR = 6.3, 95% CI = 1.2, 32.3; PAR% = 6.8%, 95% CI = 0.0%, 13.1%). The risk for excess lead exposure is increased by home renovation or repair work involving interior paint preparation or reported dispersal of dust beyond the work area. The proportion of cases related to this exposure is high enough to merit preventive measures. JF - Journal of Urban Health AU - Reissman, D B AU - Matte, T D AU - Gurnitz, K L AU - Kaufmann, R B AU - Leighton, J AD - CDC/NCID/OD/BPRP, 1600 Clifton Road, Mailstop C-18, Atlanta, GA 30333, USA, dvs7@cdc.gov Y1 - 2002/12// PY - 2002 DA - Dec 2002 SP - 502 EP - 511 VL - 79 IS - 4 SN - 1471-8505, 1471-8505 KW - exposure KW - home renovation KW - man KW - Risk Abstracts; Health & Safety Science Abstracts; Pollution Abstracts; Toxicology Abstracts KW - X 24166:Environmental impact KW - H 14000:Toxicology KW - R2 23060:Medical and environmental health KW - P 6000:TOXICOLOGY AND HEALTH UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/18698252?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Ariskabstracts&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Urban+Health&rft.atitle=Is+Home+Renovation+or+Repair+a+Risk+Factor+for+Exposure+to+Lead+Among+Children+Residing+in+New+York+City%3F&rft.au=Reissman%2C+D+B%3BMatte%2C+T+D%3BGurnitz%2C+K+L%3BKaufmann%2C+R+B%3BLeighton%2C+J&rft.aulast=Reissman&rft.aufirst=D&rft.date=2002-12-01&rft.volume=79&rft.issue=4&rft.spage=502&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+Urban+Health&rft.issn=14718505&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Surveillance of interpersonal violence in Kingston, Jamaica: an evaluation AN - 18684739; 5585232 AB - Injuries are among the leading causes of death in Jamaica. Homicide rates have been sharply increasing since 1991. In 1997, the rate of homicide (45/100 000) in Jamaica was over five times the US rate in 1997 (7.9/100 000). In response to this problem and the alarming increase in non-fatal assaultive injuries, the Jamaican Ministry of Health together with the CDC established a Violence-Related Injury Surveillance System (VRISS) using patient registration data from Kingston Public Hospital. The VRISS was evaluated for usefulness, and for system attributes: system acceptability, simplicity, flexibility, sensitivity, and predictive value positive (PVP). System-identified cases were compared with clinical records and data from direct patient interviews. The surveillance system was flexible, acceptable to clinical staff and Ministry officials, and moderately sensitive, detecting 62% to 69% of violent injuries identified from clinical records and a patient survey. The system's predictive value positive was high, with 86% of potential cases confirmed as actual cases. Although adequate, system sensitivity was reduced by incomplete or no registration of patients during periods of staff shortage. In conclusion, despite some logistic shortcomings, the system appeared promising for collecting limited information on non-fatal interpersonal violent injuries. With modification and expansion, the system may be capable of collecting unintentional-injury data also. JF - Injury Control and Safety Promotion AU - Hasbrouck, L M AU - Durant, T AU - Ward, E AU - Gordon, G AD - CDC-NCIPC, 4770 Buford Highway, NE Mailstop K60, Atlanta, GA 30341-3724, USA, lmh0@cdc.gov Y1 - 2002/12// PY - 2002 DA - Dec 2002 SP - 249 EP - 253 VL - 9 IS - 4 SN - 1566-0974, 1566-0974 KW - homicide KW - Health & Safety Science Abstracts KW - H 11000:Diseases/Injuries/Trauma UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/18684739?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Ahealthsafetyabstracts&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Injury+Control+and+Safety+Promotion&rft.atitle=Surveillance+of+interpersonal+violence+in+Kingston%2C+Jamaica%3A+an+evaluation&rft.au=Hasbrouck%2C+L+M%3BDurant%2C+T%3BWard%2C+E%3BGordon%2C+G&rft.aulast=Hasbrouck&rft.aufirst=L&rft.date=2002-12-01&rft.volume=9&rft.issue=4&rft.spage=249&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Injury+Control+and+Safety+Promotion&rft.issn=15660974&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - An Economic Evaluation of a School-Based Sexually Transmitted Disease Screening Program AN - 18671973; 5575533 AB - Background: A school-based sexually transmitted disease (STD) screening program was implemented in eight New Orleans public high schools to detect chlamydia and gonorrhea. Goal: The goal was to assess the incremental cost-effectiveness of replacing non-school-based screening with the school-based screening program. Study Design: A decision-analysis model was constructed to compare costs and cases of expected pelvic inflammatory disease (PID) in the school-based screening scenario versus a non-school-based screening scenario. Cost-effectiveness was quantified and measured as cost per case of PID prevented. Results: Under base-case assumptions, at an intervention cost of $86,449, the school screening program prevented an estimated 38 cases of PID, as well as $119,866 in treatment costs for PID and its sequelae, resulting in savings of $1524 per case of PID prevented. Results remained cost-saving over a reasonable range of model parameter estimates. Conclusions: The New Orleans school-based chlamydia screening program was cost-effective and cost-saving and could be cost-effective in other settings. School-based screening programs of this type are likely to be a cost-effective use of public funds and can reduce the burden of STDs among adolescents. JF - Sexually Transmitted Diseases AU - Wang, L Y AU - Burstein, G R AU - Cohen, DA AD - Surveillance and Evaluation Research Branch, DASH, NCCDPHP, 4770 Buford Highway, MS K-33, Chamblee, GA 30341, USA, lgw0@cdc.gov Y1 - 2002/12// PY - 2002 DA - Dec 2002 SP - 737 EP - 745 VL - 29 IS - 12 KW - Microbiology Abstracts B: Bacteriology KW - J 02849:Sexually-transmitted diseases UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/18671973?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologyb&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Sexually+Transmitted+Diseases&rft.atitle=An+Economic+Evaluation+of+a+School-Based+Sexually+Transmitted+Disease+Screening+Program&rft.au=Wang%2C+L+Y%3BBurstein%2C+G+R%3BCohen%2C+DA&rft.aulast=Wang&rft.aufirst=L&rft.date=2002-12-01&rft.volume=29&rft.issue=12&rft.spage=737&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Sexually+Transmitted+Diseases&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Motor vehicle and fall related deaths among older Americans 1990-98: sex, race, and ethnic disparities AN - 18665052; 5559657 AB - Objectives: To examine differences in motor vehicle and fall related death rates among older adults by sex, race, and ethnicity. Methods: Annual mortality tapes for 1990-98 provided demographic data including race and ethnicity, date, and cause of death. Trend analyses were conducted using Poisson regression. Results: From 1990-98, overall motor vehicle related death rates remained stable while death rates from unintentional falls increased. Motor vehicle and fall related death rates were higher among men. Motor vehicle related death rates were higher among people of color while fall related death rates were higher among whites. Among whites, fall death rates increased significantly during the study period, with an annual relative increase of 3.6% for men and 3.2% for women. Conclusions: The risk of death from motor vehicle and fall related injuries among older adults differed by sex, race and ethnicity, results obscured by simple age and sex specific death rates. This study found important patterns and disparities in these death rates by race and ethnicity useful for identifying high risk groups and guiding prevention strategies. JF - Injury Prevention AU - Stevens, JA AU - Dellinger, A M AD - National Center for Injury Prevention and Control, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, 4770 Buford Highway NE, Mailstop K-63, Atlanta, GA 30341, USA, jas2@cdc.gov Y1 - 2002/12// PY - 2002 DA - Dec 2002 SP - 272 EP - 275 VL - 8 IS - 4 SN - 1353-8047, 1353-8047 KW - falls KW - prevention KW - Health & Safety Science Abstracts KW - H 11000:Diseases/Injuries/Trauma UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/18665052?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Ahealthsafetyabstracts&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Injury+Prevention&rft.atitle=Motor+vehicle+and+fall+related+deaths+among+older+Americans+1990-98%3A+sex%2C+race%2C+and+ethnic+disparities&rft.au=Stevens%2C+JA%3BDellinger%2C+A+M&rft.aulast=Stevens&rft.aufirst=JA&rft.date=2002-12-01&rft.volume=8&rft.issue=4&rft.spage=272&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Injury+Prevention&rft.issn=13538047&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - A derived association between ambient aerosol surface area and excess mortality using historic time series data AN - 18660527; 5551078 AB - Although aerosol mass concentration is widely associated with ill health following inhalation; there is increasing evidence that it is a poor indicator of fine and ultrafine particle toxicity. Research has indicated that biological response to such particles is closely associated with particulate surface area; although no epidemiology data currently exist to validate the association. By applying a simple model to historic mass-based time series data, we have been able to estimate mortality rate as a function of ambient aerosol surface area. Within the simplifying assumptions of the model, a linear association is indicated between mortality rate and surface area concentration for coalescing particles. The analysis also indicates the existence of a threshold aerosol concentration, below which particulate mass and surface area are linearly related. Below this threshold, we suggest that mass concentration measurements may provide a good indicator of health effects, although for high exposures found in the developing world and industry, the model indicates that aerosol exposure may be more appropriately characterized by surface area. Further experimental validation of the model should establish the applicability of derived relationships between aerosol mass and surface area concentration to ambient and occupational exposures. JF - Atmospheric Environment AU - Maynard, AD AU - Maynard, R L AD - US Department of Health and Human Services, Public Health Service, Centres for Disease Control and Prevention, National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, Division of Applied Research and Technology, 4676 Columbia Parkway, Cincinnati, OH 45226, USA, zel5@cdc.gov Y1 - 2002/12// PY - 2002 DA - Dec 2002 SP - 5561 EP - 5567 VL - 36 IS - 36-37 SN - 1352-2310, 1352-2310 KW - Pollution Abstracts; Health & Safety Science Abstracts; Meteorological & Geoastrophysical Abstracts KW - M2 551.510.42:Air Pollution (551.510.42) KW - H 12000:Epidemiology and Public Health KW - P 6000:TOXICOLOGY AND HEALTH UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/18660527?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Apollution&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Atmospheric+Environment&rft.atitle=A+derived+association+between+ambient+aerosol+surface+area+and+excess+mortality+using+historic+time+series+data&rft.au=Maynard%2C+AD%3BMaynard%2C+R+L&rft.aulast=Maynard&rft.aufirst=AD&rft.date=2002-12-01&rft.volume=36&rft.issue=36-37&rft.spage=5561&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Atmospheric+Environment&rft.issn=13522310&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Coinoculation of Borrelia spp. with Tick Salivary Gland Lysate Enhances Spirochete Load in Mice and Is Tick Species-Specific AN - 18624484; 5543231 AB - C3H/HeN mice were inoculated with 106 spirochetes, either Borrelia burgdorferi strain N40 or the Portuguese strain of B. lusitaniae, PotiB2. Mice receiving spirochetes coinoculated with salivary gland lysate (SGL) demonstrated significantly higher spirochete loads in target organs as measured by quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction. This effect was tick dependent, in that Ixodes ricinus SGL specifically enhanced B. lusitaniae load, whereas I. scapularis SGL specifically increased B. burgdorferi N40 load, but did not significantly affect the dissemination of B. lusitaniae. Protein profile analysis indicated at least 5 major protein differences between I. scapularis and I. ricinus SGL, which can possibly account for this specific tick-spirochete interaction. JF - Journal of Parasitology AU - Zeidner, N S AU - Schneider, B S AU - Nuncio AU - Gern, L AU - Piesman, J AD - Division of Vector-Borne Infectious Diseases, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Fort Collins, Colorado 80522, naz2@cdc.gov Y1 - 2002/12// PY - 2002 DA - Dec 2002 SP - 1276 EP - 1278 PB - American Society of Parasitologists VL - 88 IS - 6 SN - 0022-3395, 0022-3395 KW - Deer tick KW - Ticks KW - lysates KW - mice KW - tick KW - Microbiology Abstracts B: Bacteriology; Entomology Abstracts KW - Z 05206:Medical & veterinary entomology KW - J 02861:Microflora UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/18624484?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologyb&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Parasitology&rft.atitle=Coinoculation+of+Borrelia+spp.+with+Tick+Salivary+Gland+Lysate+Enhances+Spirochete+Load+in+Mice+and+Is+Tick+Species-Specific&rft.au=Zeidner%2C+N+S%3BSchneider%2C+B+S%3BNuncio%3BGern%2C+L%3BPiesman%2C+J&rft.aulast=Zeidner&rft.aufirst=N&rft.date=2002-12-01&rft.volume=88&rft.issue=6&rft.spage=1276&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+Parasitology&rft.issn=00223395&rft_id=info:doi/10.1043%2F0022-3395%282002%29088%281276%3ACOBSWT%292.0.CO%3B2 L2 - http://journals.allenpress.com/jrnlserv/?request=get-abstract&issn=0022-3395&volume=88&page=1276 LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1043/0022-3395(2002)088(1276:COBSWT)2.0.CO;2 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Sequence Diversity of Neisseria meningitidis 16S rRNA Genes and Use of 16S rRNA Gene Sequencing as a Molecular Subtyping Tool AN - 18621115; 5512848 AB - We investigated the diversity of the primary sequences of 16S rRNA genes among Neisseria meningitidis strains (Men) and evaluated the use of this approach as a molecular subtyping tool. We aligned and compared a 1,417-bp fragment of the 16S rRNA gene from 264 Men strains of serogroups A, B, C, and Y (MenA, MenB, MenC, and MenY, respectively) isolated throughout the world over a 30-year period. Thirty-one positions of difference were found among 49 16S types: differences between types ranged from 1 to 14 positions (0.07 to 0.95%). 16S types and serogroups were highly associated; only 3 out 49 16S types were shared by two or more serogroups. We have identified 16S types that are exclusively associated with strains of certain hypervirulent clones: 16S type 5 with MenA subgroup III, 16S type 4 with the MenB electrophoretic type 5 (ET-5) complex, and 16S types 12 and 13 with MenC of the ET-37 complex. For MenC strains, 16S sequencing provided the highest sensitivity and specificity and the best overall association with the outbreak-related versus sporadic isolates when compared with pulsed-field gel electrophoresis, multilocus enzyme electrophoresis, and multilocus sequence typing. We demonstrated for the first time an unexpected diversity among 16S rRNA genes of Men strains, identified 16S types associated with well-defined hypervirulent clones, and showed the potential of this approach to rapidly identify virulent strains associated with outbreaks and/or an increased incidence of sporadic disease. JF - Journal of Clinical Microbiology AU - Sacchi, C T AU - Whitney, A M AU - Reeves, M W AU - Mayer, L W AU - Popovic, T AD - Meningitis and Special Pathogens Branch, Mail stop D-11, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, 1600 Clifton Rd. Atlanta, GA 30333, cls9@cdc.gov Y1 - 2002/12// PY - 2002 DA - Dec 2002 SP - 4520 EP - 4527 VL - 40 IS - 12 SN - 0095-1137, 0095-1137 KW - Microbiology Abstracts B: Bacteriology KW - J 02740:Genetics and evolution UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/18621115?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologyb&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Clinical+Microbiology&rft.atitle=Sequence+Diversity+of+Neisseria+meningitidis+16S+rRNA+Genes+and+Use+of+16S+rRNA+Gene+Sequencing+as+a+Molecular+Subtyping+Tool&rft.au=Sacchi%2C+C+T%3BWhitney%2C+A+M%3BReeves%2C+M+W%3BMayer%2C+L+W%3BPopovic%2C+T&rft.aulast=Sacchi&rft.aufirst=C&rft.date=2002-12-01&rft.volume=40&rft.issue=12&rft.spage=4520&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+Clinical+Microbiology&rft.issn=00951137&rft_id=info:doi/10.1128%2FJCM.40.12.4520-4527.2002 LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/JCM.40.12.4520-4527.2002 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Development of a Real-Time Fluorescence PCR Assay for Rapid Detection of the Diphtheria Toxin Gene AN - 18617675; 5512732 AB - We developed and evaluated a real-time fluorescence PCR assay for detecting the A and B subunits of diphtheria toxin (tox) gene. When 23 toxigenic Corynebacterium diphtheriae strains, 9 nontoxigenic C. diphtheriae strains, and 44 strains representing the diversity of pathogens and normal respiratory flora were tested, this real-time PCR assay exhibited 100% sensitivity and specificity. It allowed for the detection of both subunits of the tox gene at 750 times greater sensitivity (2 CFU) than the standard PCR (1,500 CFU). When used directly on specimens collected from patients with clinical diphtheria, one or both subunits of the tox gene were detected in 34 of 36 specimens by using the real-time PCR assay; only 9 specimens were found to be positive by standard PCR. Reamplification by standard PCR and DNA sequencing of the amplification product confirmed all real-time PCR tox- positive reactions. This real-time PCR format is a more sensitive and rapid alternative to standard PCR for detection of the tox gene in clinical material. JF - Journal of Clinical Microbiology AU - Mothershed, E A AU - Cassiday, P K AU - Pierson, K AU - Mayer, L W AU - Popovic, T AD - Meningitis and Special Pathogens Branch, Division of Bacterial and Mycotic Diseases, National Center for Infectious Diseases, CDC, MS G34, 1600 Clifton Rd., NE, Atlanta, GA 30333, txp1@cdc.gov Y1 - 2002/12// PY - 2002 DA - Dec 2002 SP - 4713 EP - 4719 VL - 40 IS - 12 SN - 0095-1137, 0095-1137 KW - tox gene KW - Microbiology Abstracts B: Bacteriology KW - J 02740:Genetics and evolution UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/18617675?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologyb&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Clinical+Microbiology&rft.atitle=Development+of+a+Real-Time+Fluorescence+PCR+Assay+for+Rapid+Detection+of+the+Diphtheria+Toxin+Gene&rft.au=Mothershed%2C+E+A%3BCassiday%2C+P+K%3BPierson%2C+K%3BMayer%2C+L+W%3BPopovic%2C+T&rft.aulast=Mothershed&rft.aufirst=E&rft.date=2002-12-01&rft.volume=40&rft.issue=12&rft.spage=4713&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+Clinical+Microbiology&rft.issn=00951137&rft_id=info:doi/10.1128%2FJCM.40.12.4713-4719.2002 LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/JCM.40.12.4713-4719.2002 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - GM-CSF Transgene-Based Adjuvant Allows the Establishment of Protective Mucosal Immunity Following Vaccination with Inactivated Chlamydia trachomatis AN - 18611553; 5490369 AB - Cellular and humoral immune responses induced following murine Chlamydia trachomatis infection confer almost sterile protection against homologous reinfection. On the other hand, immunization with inactivated organism induces little protective immunity in this model system. The underlying mechanism(s) that determines such divergent outcome remains unclear, but elucidating the mechanism will probably be important for chlamydial vaccine development. One of the distinct differences between the two forms of immunization is that chlamydia replication in epithelial cells causes the secretion of a variety of proinflammatory cytokines and chemokines, such as GM-CSF, that may mobilize and mature dendritic cells and thereby enhance the induction of protective immunity. Using a murine model of C. trachomatis mouse pneumonitis lung infection and intrapulmonary adenoviral GM-CSF transfection, we demonstrate that the expression of GM-CSF in the airway compartment significantly enhanced systemic Th1 cellular and local IgA immune responses following immunization with inactivated organisms. Importantly, immunized mice had significantly reduced growth of chlamydia and exhibited less severe pulmonary inflammation following challenge infection. The site of GM-CSF transfection proved important, since mice immunized with inactivated organisms after GM-CSF gene transfer by the i.p. route exhibited little protection against pulmonary challenge, although i.p. immunization generated significant levels of systemic Th1 immune responses. The obvious difference between i.p. and intrapulmonary immunization was the absence of lung IgA responses following i.p. vaccination. In aggregate, the findings demonstrate that the local cytokine environment is critical to the induction of protective immunity following chlamydial vaccination and that GM-CSF may be a useful adjuvant for a chlamydial vaccine. JF - Journal of Immunology AU - Lu, H AU - Xing, Z AU - Brunham, R C AD - British Columbia Center for Disease Control and Department of Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada Y1 - 2002/12/01/ PY - 2002 DA - 2002 Dec 01 SP - 6324 EP - 6331 VL - 169 IS - 11 SN - 0022-1767, 0022-1767 KW - mice KW - Microbiology Abstracts B: Bacteriology; Immunology Abstracts KW - F 06801:Bacteria KW - J 02833:Immune response and immune mechanisms UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/18611553?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologyb&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Immunology&rft.atitle=GM-CSF+Transgene-Based+Adjuvant+Allows+the+Establishment+of+Protective+Mucosal+Immunity+Following+Vaccination+with+Inactivated+Chlamydia+trachomatis&rft.au=Lu%2C+H%3BXing%2C+Z%3BBrunham%2C+R+C&rft.aulast=Lu&rft.aufirst=H&rft.date=2002-12-01&rft.volume=169&rft.issue=11&rft.spage=6324&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+Immunology&rft.issn=00221767&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Effectiveness of Sobriety Checkpoints for Reducing Alcohol-Involved Crashes AN - 18568010; 5537531 AB - The goal of sobriety checkpoints is to deter drinking and driving by systematically stopping drivers for assessment of alcohol impairment, thus increasing the perceived risk of arrest for alcohol-impaired driving. This review examines the effectiveness of random breath testing (RBT) checkpoints, at which all drivers stopped are given breath tests for blood alcohol levels, and selective breath testing (SBT) checkpoints, at which police must have reason to suspect the driver has been drinking before demanding a breath test. A systematic review of the effectiveness of sobriety checkpoints in reducing alcohol-involved crashes and associated injuries and fatalities was conducted using the methodology developed for the Guide to Community Preventive Services (Community Guide). Substantial reductions in crashes were observed for both checkpoint types across various outcome measures and time periods. Results suggest that both RBT and SBT checkpoints can play an important role in preventing alcohol-related crashes and associated injuries. JF - Traffic Injury Prevention AU - Elder, R W AU - Shults, R A AU - Sleet, DA AU - Nichols, J L AU - Zaza, S AU - Thompson, R S AD - Division of Unintentional Injury Prevention, National Center for Injury Prevention and Control, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA, USA Y1 - 2002/12// PY - 2002 DA - Dec 2002 SP - 266 EP - 274 VL - 3 IS - 4 SN - 1538-9588, 1538-9588 KW - driving ability KW - sobriety checkpoints KW - traffic safety KW - Health & Safety Science Abstracts KW - H 2000:Transportation UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/18568010?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Ahealthsafetyabstracts&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Traffic+Injury+Prevention&rft.atitle=Effectiveness+of+Sobriety+Checkpoints+for+Reducing+Alcohol-Involved+Crashes&rft.au=Elder%2C+R+W%3BShults%2C+R+A%3BSleet%2C+DA%3BNichols%2C+J+L%3BZaza%2C+S%3BThompson%2C+R+S&rft.aulast=Elder&rft.aufirst=R&rft.date=2002-12-01&rft.volume=3&rft.issue=4&rft.spage=266&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Traffic+Injury+Prevention&rft.issn=15389588&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Chromosomal DNA Deletions Explain Phenotypic Characteristics of Two Antigenic Variants, Phase II and RSA 514 (Crazy), of the Coxiella burnetii Nine Mile Strain AN - 18534921; 5490547 AB - After repeated passages through embyronated eggs, the Nine Mile strain of Coxiella burnetii exhibits antigenic variation, a loss of virulence characteristics, and transition to a truncated lipopolysaccharide (LPS) structure. In two independently derived strains, Nine Mile phase II and RSA 514, these phenotypic changes were accompanied by a large chromosomal deletion (M. H. Vodkin and J. C. Williams, J. Gen. Microbiol. 132:2587-2594, 1986). In the work reported here, additional screening of a cosmid bank prepared from the wild-type strain was used to map the deletion termini of both mutant strains and to accumulate all the segments of DNA that comprise the two deletions. The corresponding DNAs were then sequenced and annotated. The Nine Mile phase II deletion was completely nested within the deletion of the RSA 514 strain. Basic alignment and homology studies indicated that a large group of LPS biosynthetic genes, arranged in an apparent O-antigen cluster, was deleted in both variants. Database homologies identified, in particular, mannose pathway genes and genes encoding sugar methylases and nucleotide sugar epimerase-dehydratase proteins. Candidate genes for addition of sugar units to the core oligosaccharide for synthesis of the rare sugar 6-deoxy-3-C-methylgulose (virenose) were identified in the deleted region. Repeats, redundancies, paralogous genes, and two regions with reduced G+C contents were found within the deletions. JF - Infection and Immunity AU - Hoover, T A AU - Culp, D W AU - Vodkin, M H AU - Williams, J C AU - Thompson, HA AD - Viral and Rickettsial Zoonoses Branch, National Center for Infectious Diseases, Centers for Disease Control, Mailstop G-13, 1600 Clifton Road NE, Atlanta, GA 30333, hct2@cdc.govWededicatethisarticletothememoryofPaulFiset,who,alongwithM.Stoker,firstdescribedantigenicphasevariationin@@iCoxiella@. Y1 - 2002/12// PY - 2002 DA - Dec 2002 SP - 6726 EP - 6733 VL - 70 IS - 12 SN - 0019-9567, 0019-9567 KW - lipopolysaccharides KW - Biochemistry Abstracts 2: Nucleic Acids; Microbiology Abstracts B: Bacteriology KW - J 02832:Antigenic properties and virulence KW - N 14920:Chromatin & chromosomes UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/18534921?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologyb&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Infection+and+Immunity&rft.atitle=Chromosomal+DNA+Deletions+Explain+Phenotypic+Characteristics+of+Two+Antigenic+Variants%2C+Phase+II+and+RSA+514+%28Crazy%29%2C+of+the+Coxiella+burnetii+Nine+Mile+Strain&rft.au=Hoover%2C+T+A%3BCulp%2C+D+W%3BVodkin%2C+M+H%3BWilliams%2C+J+C%3BThompson%2C+HA&rft.aulast=Hoover&rft.aufirst=T&rft.date=2002-12-01&rft.volume=70&rft.issue=12&rft.spage=6726&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Infection+and+Immunity&rft.issn=00199567&rft_id=info:doi/10.1128%2FIAI.70.12.6726-2733.2002 LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/IAI.70.12.6726-2733.2002 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Erythromycin-Resistant Pharyngeal Isolates of Streptococcus pyogenes Recovered in Italy AN - 18533902; 5490430 AB - Three classes of macrolide resistance phenotypes and three different erythromycin resistance determinants were found among 127 erythromycin-resistant group A streptococcal (GAS) isolates recovered from 355 (35.8%) pediatric pharyngitis patients in Rome, Italy. According to emm and sof sequence typing results, erythromycin-resistant isolates comprised 11 different clonal types. Remarkably, 126 of the 127 macrolide-resistant isolates were serum opacity factor (sof) gene positive. These data suggest a strong association between macrolide resistance and the presence of sof among GAS isolates recovered from Italian pediatric pharyngitis patients. JF - Antimicrobial Agents & Chemotherapy AU - Dicuonzo, G AU - Fiscarelli, E AU - Gherardi, G AU - Lorino, G AU - Battistoni, F AU - Landi, S AU - De Cesaris, M AU - Petitti, T AU - Beall, B AD - WHO Collaborating Center for Streptococcal Research, Respiratory Diseases Branch, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA 30333, bbeall@cdc.gov Y1 - 2002/12// PY - 2002 DA - Dec 2002 SP - 3987 EP - 3990 VL - 46 IS - 12 SN - 0066-4804, 0066-4804 KW - emm gene KW - sof gene KW - Microbiology Abstracts B: Bacteriology KW - J 02795:Antibiotic resistance UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/18533902?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologyb&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Antimicrobial+Agents+%26+Chemotherapy&rft.atitle=Erythromycin-Resistant+Pharyngeal+Isolates+of+Streptococcus+pyogenes+Recovered+in+Italy&rft.au=Dicuonzo%2C+G%3BFiscarelli%2C+E%3BGherardi%2C+G%3BLorino%2C+G%3BBattistoni%2C+F%3BLandi%2C+S%3BDe+Cesaris%2C+M%3BPetitti%2C+T%3BBeall%2C+B&rft.aulast=Dicuonzo&rft.aufirst=G&rft.date=2002-12-01&rft.volume=46&rft.issue=12&rft.spage=3987&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Antimicrobial+Agents+%26+Chemotherapy&rft.issn=00664804&rft_id=info:doi/10.1128%2FAAC.46.12.3987-3990.2002 LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/AAC.46.12.3987-3990.2002 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Carbapenem Resistance in a Clinical Isolate of Enterobacter aerogenes Is Associated with Decreased Expression of OmpF and OmpC Porin Analogs AN - 18530597; 5490418 AB - We investigated the mechanism of imipenem resistance in Enterobacter aerogenes strain 810, a clinical isolate from the United States for which the imipenem MIC was 16 mu g/ml and the meropenem MIC was 8 mu g/ml. An imipenem- susceptible revertant, strain 810-REV, was obtained after multiple passages of the strain on nonselective media. For the revertant, the imipenem MIC was [=]128 mu g/ml), cefoxitin ([>=]32 mu g/ml), and cefotaxime ([>=]64 mu g/ml) remained the same. The beta - lactamase and porin profiles of the parent, the revertant, and carbapenem- susceptible type strain E. aerogenes ATCC 13048 were determined. Strains 810 and 810-REV each produced two beta -lactamases with pIs of 8.2 and 5.4. The beta - lactamase activities of the parent and revertant were similar, even after induction with subinhibitory concentrations of imipenem. While 810-REV produced two major outer membrane proteins of 42 and 39 kDa that corresponded to Escherichia coli porins OmpC and OmpF, respectively, the parent strain appeared to produce similar quantities of the 39-kDa protein (OmpF) but decreased amounts of the 42-kDa protein (OmpC). When the parent strain was grown in the presence of imipenem, the 42-kDa protein was not detectable by gel electrophoresis. However, Western blot analysis of the outer membrane proteins of the parent and revertant with polyclonal antisera raised to the OmpC and OmpF analogs of Klebsiella pneumoniae (anti-OmpK36 and anti-OmpK35, respectively) showed that strain 810 expressed only the 42-kDa OmpC analog in the absence of imipenem (the 39-kDa protein was not recognized by the anti-OmpF antisera) and neither the OmpC nor the OmpF analog in the presence of imipenem. The OmpC analog is apparently down-regulated in the presence of imipenem; however, 810- REV expressed both OmpC and OmpF analogs. These data suggest that imipenem resistance in E. aerogenes 810 is primarily associated with the lack of expression of the analogs of the OmpC (42-kDa) and OmpF (39-kDa) outer membrane proteins, which also results in decreased susceptibility to meropenem and cefepime. JF - Antimicrobial Agents & Chemotherapy AU - Yigit, H AU - Anderson, G J AU - Biddle, J W AU - Steward, C D AU - Rasheed, J K AU - Valera, L L AU - McGowan, JE Jr AU - Tenover, F C AD - Division of Healthcare Quality Promotion (G08), Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, 1600 Clifton Rd. NE, Atlanta, GA 30333, fnt1@cdc.gov Y1 - 2002/12// PY - 2002 DA - Dec 2002 SP - 3817 EP - 3822 VL - 46 IS - 12 SN - 0066-4804, 0066-4804 KW - OmpC protein KW - OmpF protein KW - Microbiology Abstracts B: Bacteriology KW - J 02795:Antibiotic resistance UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/18530597?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologyb&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Antimicrobial+Agents+%26+Chemotherapy&rft.atitle=Carbapenem+Resistance+in+a+Clinical+Isolate+of+Enterobacter+aerogenes+Is+Associated+with+Decreased+Expression+of+OmpF+and+OmpC+Porin+Analogs&rft.au=Yigit%2C+H%3BAnderson%2C+G+J%3BBiddle%2C+J+W%3BSteward%2C+C+D%3BRasheed%2C+J+K%3BValera%2C+L+L%3BMcGowan%2C+JE+Jr%3BTenover%2C+F+C&rft.aulast=Yigit&rft.aufirst=H&rft.date=2002-12-01&rft.volume=46&rft.issue=12&rft.spage=3817&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Antimicrobial+Agents+%26+Chemotherapy&rft.issn=00664804&rft_id=info:doi/10.1128%2FAAC.46.12.3817-3822.2002 LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/AAC.46.12.3817-3822.2002 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - On-Site Measurement of Blood-Lead Concentrations Using Field-Portable Electroanalysis AN - 17851028; 6095552 JF - Applied Occupational & Environmental Hygiene AU - Taylor, L AU - Jones, R L AU - Ashley, K AD - CDC/NIOSH, 4676 Columbia Parkway, Mail Stop R-14, Cincinnati, OH 45226-1998 Y1 - 2002/12// PY - 2002 DA - Dec 2002 SP - 818 EP - 821 PB - Elsevier Science Inc., Box 882 New York NY 10159 USA, [mailto:usinfo-f@elsevier.com] VL - 17 IS - 12 SN - 1047-322X, 1047-322X KW - Toxicology Abstracts KW - Blood KW - Lead KW - X 24222:Analytical procedures UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/17851028?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxicologyabstracts&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Applied+Occupational+%26+Environmental+Hygiene&rft.atitle=On-Site+Measurement+of+Blood-Lead+Concentrations+Using+Field-Portable+Electroanalysis&rft.au=Taylor%2C+L%3BJones%2C+R+L%3BAshley%2C+K&rft.aulast=Taylor&rft.aufirst=L&rft.date=2002-12-01&rft.volume=17&rft.issue=12&rft.spage=818&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Applied+Occupational+%26+Environmental+Hygiene&rft.issn=1047322X&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Lead; Blood ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Comparing potential benefits of new pneumococcal vaccines with the current polysaccharide vaccine in the elderly AN - 1500759539; 19045499 AB - We compared the hypothetical effects of the 23-valent polysaccharide pneumococcal vaccine with new vaccines on preventing invasive and noninvasive pneumococcal disease in persons greater than or equal to 65 years. We estimated how much disease would occur if no polysaccharide vaccine were in use and used this baseline to compare the polysaccharide, a 7-valent conjugate vaccine, and hypothetical common antigen vaccine. The polysaccharide, conjugate, and common antigen vaccines prevented 10.6, 10.7, and 17.7% of invasive disease and 4.3, 5.6, and 10.0% of pneumonia, respectively. Superior effectiveness of new vaccines was dependent upon a presumed longer duration of protection than the 23V-PPV and effectiveness against noninvasive pneumonia. Our results suggest that new vaccines could improve disease prevention. JF - Vaccine AU - Fry, Alicia M AU - Zell, Elizabeth R AU - Schuchat, Anne AU - Butler, Jay C AU - Whitney, Cynthia G AD - Respiratory Diseases Branch, Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Mailstop C-23, 1600 Clifton Road, NE, Atlanta, GA 30333, USA Y1 - 2002/12// PY - 2002 DA - Dec 2002 SP - 303 EP - 311 PB - Elsevier B.V., The Boulevard Kidlington Oxford OX5 1GB United Kingdom VL - 21 IS - 3 SN - 0264-410X, 0264-410X KW - Microbiology Abstracts B: Bacteriology; Immunology Abstracts KW - Streptococcus pneumoniae KW - Geriatrics KW - Vaccines KW - Polysaccharides KW - Pneumonia KW - F 06905:Vaccines KW - J 02400:Human Diseases UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/1500759539?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologyb&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Vaccine&rft.atitle=Comparing+potential+benefits+of+new+pneumococcal+vaccines+with+the+current+polysaccharide+vaccine+in+the+elderly&rft.au=Fry%2C+Alicia+M%3BZell%2C+Elizabeth+R%3BSchuchat%2C+Anne%3BButler%2C+Jay+C%3BWhitney%2C+Cynthia+G&rft.aulast=Fry&rft.aufirst=Alicia&rft.date=2002-12-01&rft.volume=21&rft.issue=3&rft.spage=303&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Vaccine&rft.issn=0264410X&rft_id=info:doi/10.1016%2FS0264-410X%2802%2900451-6 LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2014-02-01 N1 - Last updated - 2014-05-15 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Geriatrics; Vaccines; Polysaccharides; Pneumonia; Streptococcus pneumoniae DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0264-410X(02)00451-6 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Protease inhibitors and cardiovascular outcomes in patients with HIV-1. AN - 72770755; 12480430 AB - Protease inhibitors for treatment of HIV-1 have been linked with increased risk of hyperlipidaemia and hyperglycaemia. In a cohort of 5672 outpatients with HIV-1 seen at nine US HIV clinics between January, 1993, and January, 2002, the frequency of myocardial infarctions increased after the introduction of protease inhibitors in 1996 (test for trend, p=0.0125). We noted that 19 of 3247 patients taking, but only two of 2425 who did not take, protease inhibitors had a myocardial infarction (odds ratio 7.1, 95% CI 1.6-44.3; Cox proportional hazards model-adjusted for smoking, sex, age, diabetes, hyperlipidaemia, and hypertension-hazard ratio 6.5, 0.9-47.8). Our findings suggest that, although infrequent, use of protease inhibitors is associated with increased risk of myocardial infarction in patients with HIV-1. JF - Lancet (London, England) AU - Holmberg, Scott D AU - Moorman, Anne C AU - Williamson, John M AU - Tong, Tony C AU - Ward, Douglas J AU - Wood, Kathy C AU - Greenberg, Alan E AU - Janssen, Robert S AU - HIV Outpatient Study (HOPS) investigators AD - Division of HIV/AIDS Prevention, National Center for HIV, STD and TB Prevention, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, 1600 Clifton Road, Atlanta, GA 30333, USA. sdh1@cdc.gov ; HIV Outpatient Study (HOPS) investigators Y1 - 2002/11/30/ PY - 2002 DA - 2002 Nov 30 SP - 1747 EP - 1748 VL - 360 IS - 9347 SN - 0140-6736, 0140-6736 KW - Protease Inhibitors KW - 0 KW - Abridged Index Medicus KW - Index Medicus KW - Humans KW - Cohort Studies KW - Adult KW - Middle Aged KW - Male KW - Female KW - Proportional Hazards Models KW - Protease Inhibitors -- therapeutic use KW - Protease Inhibitors -- adverse effects KW - Myocardial Infarction -- chemically induced KW - HIV Infections -- drug therapy KW - HIV-1 UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/72770755?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Lancet+%28London%2C+England%29&rft.atitle=Protease+inhibitors+and+cardiovascular+outcomes+in+patients+with+HIV-1.&rft.au=Holmberg%2C+Scott+D%3BMoorman%2C+Anne+C%3BWilliamson%2C+John+M%3BTong%2C+Tony+C%3BWard%2C+Douglas+J%3BWood%2C+Kathy+C%3BGreenberg%2C+Alan+E%3BJanssen%2C+Robert+S%3BHIV+Outpatient+Study+%28HOPS%29+investigators&rft.aulast=Holmberg&rft.aufirst=Scott&rft.date=2002-11-30&rft.volume=360&rft.issue=9347&rft.spage=1747&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Lancet+%28London%2C+England%29&rft.issn=01406736&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 2002-12-24 N1 - Date created - 2002-12-13 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Hepatic toxicity possibly associated with kava-containing products--United States, Germany, and Switzerland, 1999-2002. AN - 72792038; 12500906 AB - Since 1999, health-care professionals in Germany, Switzerland, and the United States have reported the occurrence of severe hepatic toxicity possibly associated with the consumption of products containing kava (i.e., kava kava or Piper methysticum). A total of 11 patients who used kava products had liver failure and underwent subsequent liver transplantation. On March 25, 2002, in response to five such case reports (four in Europe and one in the United States), the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) issued a consumer advisory and subsequently completed an investigation already underway of a similar U.S. case. This report presents the investigation of the two U.S. cases of liver failure associated with kava-containing dietary supplement products and summarizes the European cases. FDA continues to advise consumers and health-care providers about the potential risk associated with the use of kava-containing products. JF - MMWR. Morbidity and mortality weekly report AU - Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) AD - Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) Y1 - 2002/11/29/ PY - 2002 DA - 2002 Nov 29 SP - 1065 EP - 1067 VL - 51 IS - 47 SN - 0149-2195, 0149-2195 KW - Index Medicus KW - Switzerland -- epidemiology KW - Humans KW - Germany -- epidemiology KW - Middle Aged KW - Adolescent KW - United States -- epidemiology KW - Liver Transplantation KW - Female KW - Chemical and Drug Induced Liver Injury -- etiology KW - Chemical and Drug Induced Liver Injury -- epidemiology KW - Dietary Supplements -- adverse effects KW - Kava -- adverse effects KW - Chemical and Drug Induced Liver Injury -- surgery UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/72792038?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=MMWR.+Morbidity+and+mortality+weekly+report&rft.atitle=Hepatic+toxicity+possibly+associated+with+kava-containing+products--United+States%2C+Germany%2C+and+Switzerland%2C+1999-2002.&rft.au=Centers+for+Disease+Control+and+Prevention+%28CDC%29&rft.aulast=Centers+for+Disease+Control+and+Prevention+%28CDC%29&rft.aufirst=&rft.date=2002-11-29&rft.volume=51&rft.issue=47&rft.spage=1065&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=MMWR.+Morbidity+and+mortality+weekly+report&rft.issn=01492195&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 2002-12-31 N1 - Date created - 2002-12-25 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Occupational health indicators for tracking work-related health effects and their determinants. AN - 72787464; 12500910 AB - Experts in various fields of public health have developed proposed indicators to enhance public health surveillance. These indicators have been published in Indicators for Chronic Disease Surveillance, June 2000, State Injury Indicator Report January 2002; and Draft Environmental Public Health Indicators, August 2002. The indicators are measures of health or factors associated with health in specified populations. JF - MMWR. Morbidity and mortality weekly report AU - Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) AD - Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) Y1 - 2002/11/29/ PY - 2002 DA - 2002 Nov 29 SP - 1073 EP - 1074 VL - 51 IS - 47 SN - 0149-2195, 0149-2195 KW - Index Medicus KW - Humans KW - Accidents, Occupational -- statistics & numerical data KW - Occupational Diseases -- epidemiology KW - United States -- epidemiology KW - Occupational Health KW - Health Status Indicators KW - Population Surveillance UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/72787464?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=MMWR.+Morbidity+and+mortality+weekly+report&rft.atitle=Occupational+health+indicators+for+tracking+work-related+health+effects+and+their+determinants.&rft.au=Centers+for+Disease+Control+and+Prevention+%28CDC%29&rft.aulast=Centers+for+Disease+Control+and+Prevention+%28CDC%29&rft.aufirst=&rft.date=2002-11-29&rft.volume=51&rft.issue=47&rft.spage=1073&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=MMWR.+Morbidity+and+mortality+weekly+report&rft.issn=01492195&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 2002-12-31 N1 - Date created - 2002-12-25 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Surveillance for waterborne-disease outbreaks--United States, 1999-2000. AN - 72776783; 12489843 AB - Since 1971, CDC, the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA), and the Council of State and Territorial Epidemiologists (CSTE) have maintained a collaborative surveillance system for the occurrences and causes of waterborne-disease outbreaks (WBDOs).This surveillance system is the primary source of data concerning the scope and effects of waterborne diseases on persons in the United States. This summary includes data regarding outbreaks occurring during January 1999-December 2000 and previously unreported outbreaks occurring in 1995 and 1997. The surveillance system includes data for outbreaks associated with drinking water and recreational water. State, territorial, and local public health departments are primarily responsible for detecting and investigating WBDOs and voluntarily reporting them to CDC on a standard form. The unit of analysis for the WBDO surveillance system is an outbreak, not an individual case of a waterborne disease. Two criteria must be met for an event to be defined as a WBDO. First, > or = 2 persons must have experienced a similar illness after either ingestion of drinking water or exposure to water encountered in recreational or occupational settings. This criterion is waived for single cases of laboratory-confirmed primary amebic meningoencephalitis and for single cases of chemical poisoning if water-quality data indicate contamination by the chemical. Second, epidemiologic evidence must implicate water as the probable source of the illness. During 1999-2000, a total of 39 outbreaks associated with drinking water was reported by 25 states. Included among these 39 outbreaks was one outbreak that spanned 10 states. These 39 outbreaks caused illness among an estimated 2,068 persons and were linked to two deaths. The microbe or chemical that caused the outbreak was identified for 22 (56.4%) of the 39 outbreaks; 20 of the 22 identified outbreaks were associated with pathogens, and two were associated with chemical poisoning. Of the 17 outbreaks involving acute gastroenteritis of unknown etiology, one was a suspected chemical poisoning, and the remaining 16 were suspected as having an infectious cause. Twenty-eight (71.8%) of 39 outbreaks were linked to groundwater sources; 18 (64.3%) of these 28 groundwater outbreaks were associated with private or noncommunity wells that were not regulated by EPA. Fifty-nine outbreaks from 23 states were attributed to recreational water exposure and affected an estimated 2,093 persons. Thirty-six (61.0%) of the 59 were outbreaks involving gastroenteritis. The etiologic agent was identified in 30 (83.3%) of 36 outbreaks involving gastroenteritis. Twenty-two (61.1%) of 36 gastroenteritis-related outbreaks were associated with pools or interactive fountains. Four (6.8%) of the 59 recreational water outbreaks were attributed to single cases of primary amebic meningoencephalitis (PAM) caused by Naegleria fowleri. All four cases were fatal. Fifteen (25.4%) of the 59 outbreaks were associated with dermatitis; 12 (80.0%) of 15 were associated with hot tubs or pools. In addition, recreational water outbreaks of leptospirosis, Pontiac fever, and chemical keratitis, as well as two outbreaks of leptospirosis and Pontiac fever associated with occupational exposure were also reported to CDC. The proportion of drinking water outbreaks associated with surface water increased from 11.8% during 1997-1998 to 17.9% in 1999-2000. The proportion of outbreaks (28) associated with groundwater sources increased 87% from the previous reporting period (15 outbreaks), and these outbreaks were primarily associated (60.7%) with consumption of untreated groundwater. Recreational water outbreaks involving gastroenteritis doubled (36 outbreaks) from the number of outbreaks reported in the previous reporting period (18 outbreaks). These outbreaks were most frequently associated with Cryptosporidium parvum (68.2%) in treated water venues (e.g., swimming pools or interactive fountains) and by Escherichia coli O157:H7 (21.4%) in freshwater venues. The increase in the number of outbreaks probably reflects improved surveillance and reporting at the local and state level as well as a true increase in the number of WBDOs. CDC and others have used surveillance data to identify the types of water systems, their deficiencies, and the etiologic agents associated with outbreaks and evaluated current technologies for providing safe drinking water and safe recreational water. Surveillance data are used also to establish research priorities, which can lead to improved water-quality regulations. Only the groundwater systems under the influence of surface water are required to disinfect their water supplies, but EPA is developing a groundwater rule that specifies when corrective action (including disinfection) is required. CDC and EPA are conducting epidemiologic studies to assess the level of waterborne illness attributable to municipal drinking water in nonoutbreak conditions. Rules under development by EPA--the Ground Water Rule (GWR), the Long Term 2 Enhanced Surface Water Treatment Rule (LT2ESWTR), and Stage 2 Disinfection Byproduct Rules (DBPR)--are expected to further protect the public from contaminants and disinfection byproducts in drinking water. Efforts by EPA under the Beaches Environmental Assessment, Closure, and Health (BEACH) program are aimed at reducing the risks for infection attributed to ambient recreational water by strengthening beach standards and testing; providing faster laboratory test methods; predicting pollution; investing in health and methods research; and improving public access to information regarding both the quality of the water at beaches and information concerning health risks associated with swimming in polluted water. EPA's Beach Watch (available at http://www.epa.gov/waterscience/beaches) provides online information regarding water quality at U.S. beaches, local protection programs, and other beach-related programs. CDC partnered with a consortium of local and national pool associations to develop a series of health communication materials for the general public who attend treated recreational water venues and to staff who work at those venues. CDC has also developed a recreational water outbreak investigation toolkit that can be used by public health professionals. All of the CDC materials are accessible at the CDC Healthy Swimming website (http://www.cdc.gov/healthyswimming). JF - Morbidity and mortality weekly report. Surveillance summaries (Washington, D.C. : 2002) AU - Lee, Sherline H AU - Levy, Deborah A AU - Craun, Gunther F AU - Beach, Michael J AU - Calderon, Rebecca L AD - Division of Parasitic Diseases National Center for Infectious Diseases, CDC, USA. Y1 - 2002/11/22/ PY - 2002 DA - 2002 Nov 22 SP - 1 EP - 47 VL - 51 IS - 8 SN - 1546-0738, 1546-0738 KW - Index Medicus KW - Occupational Exposure KW - Swimming Pools KW - Recreation KW - Fresh Water KW - Humans KW - Communicable Diseases -- epidemiology KW - Water Supply KW - Poisoning -- epidemiology KW - United States -- epidemiology KW - Gastroenteritis -- epidemiology KW - Water Pollution -- statistics & numerical data KW - Disease Outbreaks -- statistics & numerical data KW - Water Pollution -- adverse effects KW - Water Microbiology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/72776783?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Morbidity+and+mortality+weekly+report.+Surveillance+summaries+%28Washington%2C+D.C.+%3A+2002%29&rft.atitle=Surveillance+for+waterborne-disease+outbreaks--United+States%2C+1999-2000.&rft.au=Lee%2C+Sherline+H%3BLevy%2C+Deborah+A%3BCraun%2C+Gunther+F%3BBeach%2C+Michael+J%3BCalderon%2C+Rebecca+L&rft.aulast=Lee&rft.aufirst=Sherline&rft.date=2002-11-22&rft.volume=51&rft.issue=8&rft.spage=1&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Morbidity+and+mortality+weekly+report.+Surveillance+summaries+%28Washington%2C+D.C.+%3A+2002%29&rft.issn=15460738&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 2002-12-31 N1 - Date created - 2002-12-19 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Multistate outbreaks of Salmonella serotype Poona infections associated with eating cantaloupe from Mexico--United States and Canada, 2000-2002. AN - 72775993; 12487526 AB - Three multistate outbreaks of Salmonella serotype Poona infections associated with eating cantaloupe imported from Mexico occurred in the spring of consecutive years during 2000-2002. In each outbreak, the isolates had indistinguishable pulsed-field gel electrophoresis (PFGE) patterns; the PFGE patterns observed in the 2000 and 2002 outbreaks were indistinguishable, but the pattern from 2001 was unique among them. Outbreaks were identified first by the California Department of Health Services (2000 and 2001) and the Washington State Department of Health (2002) and involved residents of 12 states and Canada. This report describes the investigations, which led ultimately to an import alert on cantaloupes from Mexico. To limit the potential for cantaloupe contamination, the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) continues to work with the Mexican government on a food-safety program for the production, packing, and shipping of fresh cantaloupes. JF - MMWR. Morbidity and mortality weekly report AU - Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) AD - Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) Y1 - 2002/11/22/ PY - 2002 DA - 2002 Nov 22 SP - 1044 EP - 1047 VL - 51 IS - 46 SN - 0149-2195, 0149-2195 KW - Index Medicus KW - Humans KW - Aged KW - Child KW - Disease Outbreaks KW - Child, Preschool KW - Canada -- epidemiology KW - Infant KW - Mexico KW - Aged, 80 and over KW - Adult KW - Middle Aged KW - Adolescent KW - United States -- epidemiology KW - Salmonella Food Poisoning -- etiology KW - Salmonella Food Poisoning -- epidemiology KW - Salmonella -- isolation & purification KW - Cucumis melo -- microbiology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/72775993?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=MMWR.+Morbidity+and+mortality+weekly+report&rft.atitle=Multistate+outbreaks+of+Salmonella+serotype+Poona+infections+associated+with+eating+cantaloupe+from+Mexico--United+States+and+Canada%2C+2000-2002.&rft.au=Centers+for+Disease+Control+and+Prevention+%28CDC%29&rft.aulast=Centers+for+Disease+Control+and+Prevention+%28CDC%29&rft.aufirst=&rft.date=2002-11-22&rft.volume=51&rft.issue=46&rft.spage=1044&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=MMWR.+Morbidity+and+mortality+weekly+report&rft.issn=01492195&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 2002-12-24 N1 - Date created - 2002-12-18 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Guidelines for analysis of human milk for environmental chemicals. AN - 72753396; 12470493 AB - When analyzing human milk for environmental chemicals, in either a monitoring or research project, researchers must ensure that the technique used for measuring the target analytes complies with certain analytical criteria and that a quality control/quality assurance program is in place. In this report, these analytical criteria and the accompanying quality assurance program are elaborated in more detail. Examples of representative methods are also given for the determination of a number of classes of chemicals of environmental concern, such as polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxins, polychlorinated dibenzofurans, polychlorinated biphenyls, volatile organics, and halogenated flame retardants. Most of these techniques are physical/chemical in nature, but the possibility of the use of bioassays for screening of analytes in human milk is noted. The described methods are not exclusive, but any laboratory undertaking the analysis of human milk should demonstrate proficiency in their execution. This is usually accomplished by producing reliable data in interlaboratory studies. Human milk is an ideal matrix for estimating exposure to certain environmental chemicals, and researchers must ensure that the techniques used to determine these compounds adhere to known and accepted analytical requirements. JF - Journal of toxicology and environmental health. Part A AU - Needham, Larry L AU - Ryan, John J AU - Fürst, Peter AU - Technical Workshop on Human Milk Surveillance and Research on Environmental Chemicals in the United States AD - National Center for Environmental Health, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia 30341, USA. lneedham@cdc.gov ; Technical Workshop on Human Milk Surveillance and Research on Environmental Chemicals in the United States Y1 - 2002/11/22/ PY - 2002 DA - 2002 Nov 22 SP - 1893 EP - 1908 VL - 65 IS - 22 SN - 1528-7394, 1528-7394 KW - Environmental Pollutants KW - 0 KW - Metals KW - Organic Chemicals KW - Index Medicus KW - Organic Chemicals -- chemistry KW - Humans KW - Organic Chemicals -- analysis KW - Metals -- analysis KW - Milk, Human -- chemistry KW - Environmental Monitoring -- standards KW - Environmental Pollutants -- analysis UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/72753396?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+toxicology+and+environmental+health.+Part+A&rft.atitle=Guidelines+for+analysis+of+human+milk+for+environmental+chemicals.&rft.au=Needham%2C+Larry+L%3BRyan%2C+John+J%3BF%C3%BCrst%2C+Peter%3BTechnical+Workshop+on+Human+Milk+Surveillance+and+Research+on+Environmental+Chemicals+in+the+United+States&rft.aulast=Needham&rft.aufirst=Larry&rft.date=2002-11-22&rft.volume=65&rft.issue=22&rft.spage=1893&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+toxicology+and+environmental+health.+Part+A&rft.issn=15287394&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 2002-12-23 N1 - Date created - 2002-12-09 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - CPAPER T1 - Preparation for clinical trials of vaginal microbicides in Northern Thailand AN - 39587128; 3707124 AU - Chaikummao, S Y1 - 2002/11/19/ PY - 2002 DA - 2002 Nov 19 KW - CPI, Conference Papers Index KW - U 2000:Biology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/39587128?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Acpi&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=conference&rft.jtitle=&rft.atitle=Preparation+for+clinical+trials+of+vaginal+microbicides+in+Northern+Thailand&rft.au=Chaikummao%2C+S&rft.aulast=Chaikummao&rft.aufirst=S&rft.date=2002-11-19&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - SuppNotes - Availability: Microbicides 2002, Nationalestraat 155, B-2000 Antwerp, Belgium; phone: 32 3 247 65 39; fax: 32 3 247 65 32; email: yjacob@itg.be; URL: www.itg.be/micro2002/index.html N1 - Last updated - 2010-05-03 ER - TY - CPAPER T1 - Protection of human subjects' rights in microbicide trials: Experience and recommendations AN - 39586427; 3707129 AU - Kilmarx, P Y1 - 2002/11/19/ PY - 2002 DA - 2002 Nov 19 KW - CPI, Conference Papers Index KW - U 2000:Biology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/39586427?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Acpi&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=conference&rft.jtitle=&rft.atitle=Protection+of+human+subjects%27+rights+in+microbicide+trials%3A+Experience+and+recommendations&rft.au=Kilmarx%2C+P&rft.aulast=Kilmarx&rft.aufirst=P&rft.date=2002-11-19&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - SuppNotes - Availability: Microbicides 2002, Nationalestraat 155, B-2000 Antwerp, Belgium; phone: 32 3 247 65 39; fax: 32 3 247 65 32; email: yjacob@itg.be; URL: www.itg.be/micro2002/index.html N1 - Last updated - 2010-05-03 ER - TY - CPAPER T1 - Incidence of irritation and genital lesions a year-long, randomized, controlled clinical trial of a carrageenan gel as a vaginal microbicide AN - 39508488; 3707072 AU - Kilmarx, P Y1 - 2002/11/19/ PY - 2002 DA - 2002 Nov 19 KW - CPI, Conference Papers Index KW - U 2000:Biology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/39508488?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Acpi&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=conference&rft.jtitle=&rft.atitle=Incidence+of+irritation+and+genital+lesions+a+year-long%2C+randomized%2C+controlled+clinical+trial+of+a+carrageenan+gel+as+a+vaginal+microbicide&rft.au=Kilmarx%2C+P&rft.aulast=Kilmarx&rft.aufirst=P&rft.date=2002-11-19&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - SuppNotes - Availability: Microbicides 2002, Nationalestraat 155, B-2000 Antwerp, Belgium; phone: 32 3 247 65 39; fax: 32 3 247 65 32; email: yjacob@itg.be; URL: www.itg.be/micro2002/index.html N1 - Last updated - 2010-05-03 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Update: Fatal and severe liver injuries associated with rifampin and pyrazinamide treatment for latent tuberculosis infection. AN - 72722122; 12455909 AB - Reports of fatal and severe liver injury associated with treatment of latent tuberculosis infection (LTBI) with the drug combination rifampin and pyrazinamide (RZ) prompted CDC to issue revised guidelines for the use of this regimen on August 31, 2001. To determine if these revised guidelines were effective in reducing morbidity and mortality, CDC has continued to collect reports on adverse effects associated with this regimen. This update summarizes the results of this ongoing investigation. JF - MMWR. Morbidity and mortality weekly report AU - Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) AD - Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) Y1 - 2002/11/08/ PY - 2002 DA - 2002 Nov 08 SP - 998 EP - 999 VL - 51 IS - 44 SN - 0149-2195, 0149-2195 KW - Antitubercular Agents KW - 0 KW - Pyrazinamide KW - 2KNI5N06TI KW - Rifampin KW - VJT6J7R4TR KW - Index Medicus KW - Drug Therapy, Combination KW - Humans KW - Practice Guidelines as Topic KW - United States -- epidemiology KW - Pyrazinamide -- adverse effects KW - Chemical and Drug Induced Liver Injury -- etiology KW - Pyrazinamide -- therapeutic use KW - Tuberculosis -- drug therapy KW - Chemical and Drug Induced Liver Injury -- epidemiology KW - Rifampin -- adverse effects KW - Rifampin -- therapeutic use KW - Antitubercular Agents -- adverse effects KW - Antitubercular Agents -- therapeutic use UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/72722122?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=MMWR.+Morbidity+and+mortality+weekly+report&rft.atitle=Update%3A+Fatal+and+severe+liver+injuries+associated+with+rifampin+and+pyrazinamide+treatment+for+latent+tuberculosis+infection.&rft.au=Centers+for+Disease+Control+and+Prevention+%28CDC%29&rft.aulast=Centers+for+Disease+Control+and+Prevention+%28CDC%29&rft.aufirst=&rft.date=2002-11-08&rft.volume=51&rft.issue=44&rft.spage=998&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=MMWR.+Morbidity+and+mortality+weekly+report&rft.issn=01492195&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 2002-12-10 N1 - Date created - 2002-11-28 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Pharmacy student knowledge, attitudes, and beliefs about selling syringes to injection drug users. AN - 72778368; 12489613 AB - To explore pharmacy school education and pharmacy students' knowledge, attitudes, and beliefs about human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) and acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS), drug use, and syringe sales to injection drug users (IDUs). Qualitative study of a convenience sample of pharmacy school students. A pharmacy school in the southeastern United States. Two focus groups and nine in-depth interviews were conducted about HIV/AIDS education and counseling, syringe sales to possible IDUs, and related pharmacy school education. 19 Doctor of Pharmacy students, including 88 students in their third professional year and 11 in their fourth professional year. Most participants believed that they would benefit from more class time on HIV/AIDS topics, including AIDS treatment medications and HIV prevention. Most participants believed that the laws and regulations governing syringe sales in their state were vague, leaving syringe sale decisions to pharmacists' discretion. Nine study participants supported selling syringes to possible IDUs, five opposed it, and five were undecided or ambivalent. Classroom education focused on addiction to prescription drugs, with limited attention to illicit drug use. Pharmacy students have divided opinions about selling syringes to IDUs. To prepare students for helping their patients with drug-use problems, pharmacy schools should increase training about HIV/AIDS and addiction. Policy makers should consider changing laws and regulations of syringe sales to recognize prevention of blood-borne infections as a legitimate medical purpose for selling syringes to IDUs. JF - Journal of the American Pharmaceutical Association (Washington,D.C. : 1996) AU - Blumenthal, Wendy J AU - Springer, Kristen W AU - Jones, T Stephen AU - Sterk, Claire E AD - Division of Emergency and Environmental Health Services, National Center for Environmental Health, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA 30333, USA. Wblumenthal@cdc.gov PY - 2002 SP - S34 EP - S39 VL - 42 IS - 6 Suppl 2 SN - 1086-5802, 1086-5802 KW - Index Medicus KW - Patient Education as Topic KW - Humans KW - HIV Infections -- prevention & control KW - Health Knowledge, Attitudes, Practice KW - Syringes -- supply & distribution KW - Students, Pharmacy KW - Substance Abuse, Intravenous UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/72778368?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+the+American+Pharmaceutical+Association+%28Washington%2CD.C.+%3A+1996%29&rft.atitle=Pharmacy+student+knowledge%2C+attitudes%2C+and+beliefs+about+selling+syringes+to+injection+drug+users.&rft.au=Blumenthal%2C+Wendy+J%3BSpringer%2C+Kristen+W%3BJones%2C+T+Stephen%3BSterk%2C+Claire+E&rft.aulast=Blumenthal&rft.aufirst=Wendy&rft.date=2002-11-01&rft.volume=42&rft.issue=6+Suppl+2&rft.spage=S34&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+the+American+Pharmaceutical+Association+%28Washington%2CD.C.+%3A+1996%29&rft.issn=10865802&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 2003-01-27 N1 - Date created - 2002-12-19 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Preventing blood-borne infections through pharmacy syringe sales and safe community syringe disposal. AN - 72775264; 12489602 JF - Journal of the American Pharmaceutical Association (Washington,D.C. : 1996) AU - Jones, T Stephen AU - Coffin, Phillip O AD - Division of HIV/AIDS Prevention, Intervention, Research, and Support, National Center for HIV, STD & TB Prevention, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA 30333, USA. Tjones@cdc.gov PY - 2002 SP - S6 EP - S9 VL - 42 IS - 6 Suppl 2 SN - 1086-5802, 1086-5802 KW - Medical Waste Disposal KW - 0 KW - Index Medicus KW - United States KW - Attitude of Health Personnel KW - Humans KW - Pharmacists KW - Substance Abuse, Intravenous KW - Legislation, Medical -- trends KW - Infection Control -- methods KW - Blood-Borne Pathogens KW - Syringes -- supply & distribution UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/72775264?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+the+American+Pharmaceutical+Association+%28Washington%2CD.C.+%3A+1996%29&rft.atitle=Preventing+blood-borne+infections+through+pharmacy+syringe+sales+and+safe+community+syringe+disposal.&rft.au=Jones%2C+T+Stephen%3BCoffin%2C+Phillip+O&rft.aulast=Jones&rft.aufirst=T&rft.date=2002-11-01&rft.volume=42&rft.issue=6+Suppl+2&rft.spage=S6&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+the+American+Pharmaceutical+Association+%28Washington%2CD.C.+%3A+1996%29&rft.issn=10865802&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 2003-01-27 N1 - Date created - 2002-12-19 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Influence of hyperthyroidism on rat lung cytokine production and nuclear factor-kappaB activation following ozone exposure. AN - 72712478; 12454797 AB - Results from previous studies indicate that hyperthyroidism increases the risk of ozone-induced lung toxicity. To better understand the processes that might contribute to the increased pulmonary inflammatory response to ozone in hyperthyroidism, we evaluated bronchoalveolar lavage fluid levels of selected cytokines in control and hyperthyroid rats after exposure to air or ozone. In addition, we assessed whether there is a relative increase in nuclear factor-kappa B (NF-kappaB) binding activity in cells harvested by bronchoalveolar lavage from hyperthyroid rats following the inhalation of ozone. A hyperthyroid condition was induced by the administration of thyroxine (0.5 mg/kg body weight) for 7 days. Control rats received vehicle injections. The animals were then exposed by inhalation to air or ozone (2 ppm for 3 h) and studied 18 h following the exposure. Bronchoalveolar lavage levels of MIP-2 and MCP-1 were increased in both control and hyperthyroid rats by ozone exposure. However, the increases in hyperthyroid rats were much greater, MIP-2 1.5-fold and MCP-1 11-fold, when compared to levels in controls following ozone. These changes appeared to be relatively specific; bronchoalveolar lavage fluid levels of interleukin (IL)-6, IL-4, and IL-10 were generally low or nondetectable across all of the studied groups at the 18-h postexposure time point. We also found that NF-kappaB binding activity was increased at both 4 and 18 h following ozone exposure in bronchoalveolar lavage cell extracts from hyperthyroid rats relative to the activity in control samples. Collectively, these results suggest that mechanisms contributing to the enhanced pulmonary inflammatory response to ozone in a hyperthyroid state include an increase in NF-kappaB activation and an upregulation of chemokine production. JF - Inhalation toxicology AU - Huffman, L J AU - Prugh, D J AU - Brumbaugh, K AU - Ding, M AD - Health Effects Laboratory Division, National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, Morgantown, West Virginia 26505, USA. ljh3@cdc.gov Y1 - 2002/11// PY - 2002 DA - November 2002 SP - 1161 EP - 1174 VL - 14 IS - 11 SN - 0895-8378, 0895-8378 KW - Chemokine CCL2 KW - 0 KW - Chemokine CXCL2 KW - Chemokines KW - Chemokines, CXC KW - Cxcl2 protein, rat KW - Intercellular Signaling Peptides and Proteins KW - Monokines KW - NF-kappa B KW - Ozone KW - 66H7ZZK23N KW - Thyroxine KW - Q51BO43MG4 KW - Index Medicus KW - Specific Pathogen-Free Organisms KW - Animals KW - Cell Count KW - Disease Models, Animal KW - Thyroxine -- blood KW - Rats KW - Thyroxine -- pharmacology KW - Rats, Sprague-Dawley KW - Chemokine CCL2 -- biosynthesis KW - Administration, Inhalation KW - Monokines -- biosynthesis KW - Bronchoalveolar Lavage Fluid -- cytology KW - Male KW - Lung Diseases, Interstitial -- metabolism KW - Chemokines -- biosynthesis KW - Hyperthyroidism -- metabolism KW - Lung -- metabolism KW - Hyperthyroidism -- complications KW - Lung Diseases, Interstitial -- chemically induced KW - Hyperthyroidism -- chemically induced KW - NF-kappa B -- drug effects KW - NF-kappa B -- biosynthesis KW - Lung Diseases, Interstitial -- complications KW - Lung -- drug effects KW - Ozone -- administration & dosage KW - Ozone -- toxicity UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/72712478?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Inhalation+toxicology&rft.atitle=Influence+of+hyperthyroidism+on+rat+lung+cytokine+production+and+nuclear+factor-kappaB+activation+following+ozone+exposure.&rft.au=Huffman%2C+L+J%3BPrugh%2C+D+J%3BBrumbaugh%2C+K%3BDing%2C+M&rft.aulast=Huffman&rft.aufirst=L&rft.date=2002-11-01&rft.volume=14&rft.issue=11&rft.spage=1161&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Inhalation+toxicology&rft.issn=08958378&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 2003-04-15 N1 - Date created - 2002-11-27 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Antioxidant balance and free radical generation in vitamin e-deficient mice after dermal exposure to cumene hydroperoxide. AN - 72687736; 12437336 AB - Organic peroxides are widely used in the chemical industry as initiators of oxidation for the production of polymers and fiber-reinforced plastics, in the manufacture of polyester resin coatings, and pharmaceuticals. Free radical production is considered to be one of the key factors contributing to skin tumor promotion by organic peroxides. In vitro experiments have demonstrated metal-catalyzed formation of alkoxyl, alkyl, and aryl radicals in keratinocytes incubated with cumene hydroperoxide. The present study investigated in vivo free radical generation in lipid extracts of mouse skin exposed to cumene hydroperoxide. The electron spin resonance (ESR) spin-trapping technique was used to detect the formation of alpha-phenyl-N-tert-butylnitrone (PBN) radical adducts, following intradermal injection of 180 mg/kg PBN. It was found that 30 min after topical exposure, cumene hydroperoxide (12 mmol/kg) induced free radical generation in the skin of female Balb/c mice kept for 10 weeks on vitamin E-deficient diets. In contrast, hardly discernible radical adducts were detected when cumene hydroperoxide was applied to the skin of mice fed a vitamin E-sufficient diet. Importantly, total antioxidant reserve and levels of GSH, ascorbate, and vitamin E decreased 34%, 46.5%. 27%, and 98%, respectively, after mice were kept for 10 weeks on vitamin E-deficient diet. PBN adducts detected by ESR in vitamin E-deficient mice provide direct evidence for in vivo free radical generation in the skin after exposure to cumene hydroperoxide. JF - Chemical research in toxicology AU - Shvedova, A A AU - Kisin, E R AU - Murray, A R AU - Kommineni, C AU - Castranova, V AU - Mason, R P AU - Kadiiska, M B AU - Gunther, M R AD - National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, Morgantown, West Virginia 26505, USA. ats1@cdc.gov Y1 - 2002/11// PY - 2002 DA - November 2002 SP - 1451 EP - 1459 VL - 15 IS - 11 SN - 0893-228X, 0893-228X KW - Antioxidants KW - 0 KW - Benzene Derivatives KW - Biomarkers KW - Cyclic N-Oxides KW - Free Radicals KW - Nitrogen Oxides KW - Spin Labels KW - Sulfhydryl Compounds KW - Vitamin E KW - 1406-18-4 KW - phenyl-N-tert-butylnitrone KW - 3I91332OPG KW - Glutathione KW - GAN16C9B8O KW - cumene hydroperoxide KW - PG7JD54X4I KW - Ascorbic Acid KW - PQ6CK8PD0R KW - Index Medicus KW - Animals KW - Administration, Cutaneous KW - Vitamin E -- metabolism KW - Vitamin E -- analysis KW - Mice KW - Mice, Inbred BALB C KW - Ascorbic Acid -- analysis KW - Oxidative Stress -- physiology KW - Spin Trapping KW - Sulfhydryl Compounds -- analysis KW - Biomarkers -- analysis KW - Glutathione -- analysis KW - Female KW - Free Radicals -- analysis KW - Benzene Derivatives -- administration & dosage KW - Antioxidants -- analysis KW - Benzene Derivatives -- toxicity KW - Antioxidants -- metabolism KW - Skin -- drug effects KW - Skin -- metabolism KW - Lipid Peroxidation -- drug effects KW - Vitamin E Deficiency -- metabolism KW - Free Radicals -- metabolism UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/72687736?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Chemical+research+in+toxicology&rft.atitle=Antioxidant+balance+and+free+radical+generation+in+vitamin+e-deficient+mice+after+dermal+exposure+to+cumene+hydroperoxide.&rft.au=Shvedova%2C+A+A%3BKisin%2C+E+R%3BMurray%2C+A+R%3BKommineni%2C+C%3BCastranova%2C+V%3BMason%2C+R+P%3BKadiiska%2C+M+B%3BGunther%2C+M+R&rft.aulast=Shvedova&rft.aufirst=A&rft.date=2002-11-01&rft.volume=15&rft.issue=11&rft.spage=1451&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Chemical+research+in+toxicology&rft.issn=0893228X&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 2003-06-20 N1 - Date created - 2002-11-19 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Investigation of the aerosols produced by a high-speed, hand-held grinder using various substrates. AN - 72638026; 12406860 AB - Mechanical processes such as grinding are classically thought to form micrometer scale aerosols through abrasion and attrition. High-speed grinding has been used as the basis for testing the hypothesis that ultrafine particles do not form a substantial component of mechanically generated aerosols. A wide variety of grinding substrates were selected for evaluation to represent the broad spectrum of materials available. To characterize the particle size distribution over particle sizes ranging from 4.2 nm to 20.5 microm, the aerosol-laden air collected from an enclosed chamber was split and directed to three aerosol instruments operated in parallel. Transmission electron microscope samples of the various grinding substrates were also collected. The results demonstrate that ultrafine particles do have the potential to form a significant component of a grinding aerosol for a number of substrates. It appears that the ultrafine aerosols were formed by the following processes: (i) from within the grinding motor, (ii) from the combustion of amenable grinding substrates and (iii) from volatilization of amenable grinding materials at the grinding wheel/substrate interface. JF - The Annals of occupational hygiene AU - Zimmer, Anthony T AU - Maynard, Andrew D AD - National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, Division of Applied Research and Technology, 4676 Columbia Parkway, Cincinnati, OH 45226, USA. azimmer@cdc.gov Y1 - 2002/11// PY - 2002 DA - November 2002 SP - 663 EP - 672 VL - 46 IS - 8 SN - 0003-4878, 0003-4878 KW - Aerosols KW - 0 KW - Hazardous Substances KW - Index Medicus KW - Occupational Exposure KW - Particle Size KW - Humans KW - Aerosols -- analysis KW - Inhalation Exposure KW - Hazardous Substances -- analysis UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/72638026?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Annals+of+occupational+hygiene&rft.atitle=Investigation+of+the+aerosols+produced+by+a+high-speed%2C+hand-held+grinder+using+various+substrates.&rft.au=Zimmer%2C+Anthony+T%3BMaynard%2C+Andrew+D&rft.aulast=Zimmer&rft.aufirst=Anthony&rft.date=2002-11-01&rft.volume=46&rft.issue=8&rft.spage=663&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=The+Annals+of+occupational+hygiene&rft.issn=00034878&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 2003-01-09 N1 - Date created - 2002-10-30 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Residual oil fly ash increases the susceptibility to infection and severely damages the lungs after pulmonary challenge with a bacterial pathogen. AN - 72193711; 12388840 AB - Inhalation of residual oil fly ash (ROFA), a component of ambient particulate matter, has been shown to increase pulmonary morbidity and impair lung defense mechanisms in exposed workers. Our objective was to evaluate the effect of ROFA preexposure on lung defense and injury after pulmonary challenge with a bacterial pathogen. Male Sprague-Dawley rats were dosed intratracheally at day 0 with saline (control) or ROFA (0.2 or 1 mg/100 g body weight). Three days later, a low (5 x 10(3)) or high (5 x 10(5)) dose of Listeria monocytogenes was instilled intratracheally into the ROFA- and saline-treated rats. Bronchoalveolar lavage was performed on the right lungs at days 6, 8, and 10. The recovered cells were differentiated, and chemiluminescence (CL) and nitric oxide (NO) production, two indices of alveolar macrophage (AM) function, were measured. At the same time points, the left lung and spleen were removed, homogenized, and cultured, and colony-forming units were counted after an overnight incubation. Exposure to ROFA and the high dose of L. monocytogenes led to marked lung injury and inflammation as well as to an increase in mortality, compared with rats treated with saline and the high dose of L. monocytogenes. Preexposure to ROFA significantly enhanced injury and delayed the pulmonary clearance of L. monocytogenes at both bacterial doses when compared to the saline-treated control rats. ROFA had no effect on AM CL but caused a significant suppression of AM NO production, as compared to the saline control rats. We have demonstrated that acute exposure to ROFA slowed the pulmonary clearance of L. monocytogenes. The suppression in AM NO production by ROFA pretreatment likely plays an important role. These results suggest that pulmonary exposure to ROFA may alter AM function and lead to increased susceptibility to lung infection in exposed populations. JF - Toxicological sciences : an official journal of the Society of Toxicology AU - Antonini, James M AU - Roberts, Jenny R AU - Jernigan, Michael R AU - Yang, Hui-Min AU - Ma, Jane Y C AU - Clarke, Robert W AD - Health Effects Laboratory Division, National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, 1095 Willowdale Road, MS 2015, Morgantown, West Virginia 26505, USA. jga6@cdc.gov Y1 - 2002/11// PY - 2002 DA - November 2002 SP - 110 EP - 119 VL - 70 IS - 1 SN - 1096-6080, 1096-6080 KW - Air Pollutants KW - 0 KW - Coal Ash KW - Particulate Matter KW - Nitric Oxide KW - 31C4KY9ESH KW - Carbon KW - 7440-44-0 KW - Index Medicus KW - Rats KW - Macrophages, Alveolar -- metabolism KW - Animals KW - Rats, Sprague-Dawley KW - Disease Susceptibility -- microbiology KW - Body Weight -- drug effects KW - Phagocytosis -- drug effects KW - Nitric Oxide -- biosynthesis KW - Bronchoalveolar Lavage Fluid -- cytology KW - Male KW - Listeria monocytogenes -- pathogenicity KW - Listeriosis -- pathology KW - Listeriosis -- physiopathology KW - Lung -- pathology KW - Lung -- metabolism KW - Air Pollutants -- toxicity KW - Lung -- microbiology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/72193711?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Toxicological+sciences+%3A+an+official+journal+of+the+Society+of+Toxicology&rft.atitle=Residual+oil+fly+ash+increases+the+susceptibility+to+infection+and+severely+damages+the+lungs+after+pulmonary+challenge+with+a+bacterial+pathogen.&rft.au=Antonini%2C+James+M%3BRoberts%2C+Jenny+R%3BJernigan%2C+Michael+R%3BYang%2C+Hui-Min%3BMa%2C+Jane+Y+C%3BClarke%2C+Robert+W&rft.aulast=Antonini&rft.aufirst=James&rft.date=2002-11-01&rft.volume=70&rft.issue=1&rft.spage=110&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Toxicological+sciences+%3A+an+official+journal+of+the+Society+of+Toxicology&rft.issn=10966080&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 2003-05-08 N1 - Date created - 2002-10-21 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Drug-drug interactions in inmates treated for human immunodeficiency virus and Mycobacterium tuberculosis infection or disease: an institutional tuberculosis outbreak. AN - 72186728; 12384845 AB - The use of rifamycins is limited by drug interactions in human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-infected persons who are receiving highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART). During a tuberculosis (TB) outbreak at a prison housing HIV-infected inmates, rifabutin was used to treat 238 men (13 case patients and 225 contacts). Steady-state peak plasma rifabutin concentrations were obtained after rifabutin dosages were adjusted for men receiving single-interacting HAART (with either 1 protease inhibitor [PI] or efavirenz), multi-interacting HAART (with either 2 PIs or > or =1 PI with efavirenz), and for noninteracting HAART (>1 nucleoside reverse-transcriptase inhibitor or no HAART) without rifabutin dose adjustments. Low rifabutin concentrations occurred in 9% of those receiving noninteracting HAART, compared with 19% of those receiving single-interacting and 29% of those receiving multi-interacting HAART (chi2, 3.76; P=.05). Of 225 contacts treated with rifabutin-pyrazinamide, 158 (70%) completed treatment while incarcerated. Rifabutin-pyrazinamide therapy was difficult to implement, because of the need for dosage adjustments and expert clinical management. JF - Clinical infectious diseases : an official publication of the Infectious Diseases Society of America AU - Spradling, P AU - Drociuk, D AU - McLaughlin, S AU - Lee, L M AU - Peloquin, C A AU - Gallicano, K AU - Pozsik, C AU - Onorato, I AU - Castro, K G AU - Ridzon, R AD - Division of Tuberculosis Elimination, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA 30333, USA. pps9@cdc.gov Y1 - 2002/11/01/ PY - 2002 DA - 2002 Nov 01 SP - 1106 EP - 1112 VL - 35 IS - 9 KW - Anti-Bacterial Agents KW - 0 KW - Anti-HIV Agents KW - Rifabutin KW - 1W306TDA6S KW - Index Medicus KW - Drug Interactions KW - Institutional Practice KW - Humans KW - Adult KW - Antiretroviral Therapy, Highly Active KW - Middle Aged KW - Mycobacterium tuberculosis -- drug effects KW - Male KW - Anti-Bacterial Agents -- therapeutic use KW - Anti-HIV Agents -- therapeutic use KW - Tuberculosis -- drug therapy KW - HIV Infections -- drug therapy KW - Tuberculosis -- epidemiology KW - Disease Outbreaks KW - Prisoners KW - Rifabutin -- therapeutic use UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/72186728?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Clinical+infectious+diseases+%3A+an+official+publication+of+the+Infectious+Diseases+Society+of+America&rft.atitle=Drug-drug+interactions+in+inmates+treated+for+human+immunodeficiency+virus+and+Mycobacterium+tuberculosis+infection+or+disease%3A+an+institutional+tuberculosis+outbreak.&rft.au=Spradling%2C+P%3BDrociuk%2C+D%3BMcLaughlin%2C+S%3BLee%2C+L+M%3BPeloquin%2C+C+A%3BGallicano%2C+K%3BPozsik%2C+C%3BOnorato%2C+I%3BCastro%2C+K+G%3BRidzon%2C+R&rft.aulast=Spradling&rft.aufirst=P&rft.date=2002-11-01&rft.volume=35&rft.issue=9&rft.spage=1106&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Clinical+infectious+diseases+%3A+an+official+publication+of+the+Infectious+Diseases+Society+of+America&rft.issn=1537-6591&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 2002-11-08 N1 - Date created - 2002-10-17 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Antimicrobial residues in animal waste and water resources proximal to large-scale swine and poultry feeding operations AN - 19522043; 5537450 AB - Expansion and intensification of large-scale animal feeding operations (AFOs) in the United States has resulted in concern about environmental contamination and its potential public health impacts. The objective of this investigation was to obtain background data on a broad profile of antimicrobial residues in animal wastes and surface water and groundwater proximal to large-scale swine and poultry operations. The samples were measured for antimicrobial compounds using both radioimmunoassay and liquid chromatography/electrospray ionization-mass spectrometry (LC/ESI-MS) techniques. Multiple classes of antimicrobial compounds (commonly at concentrations of > 100 mu g/l) were detected in swine waste storage lagoons. In addition, multiple classes of antimicrobial compounds were detected in surface and groundwater samples collected proximal to the swine and poultry farms. This information indicates that animal waste used as fertilizer for crops may serve as a source of antimicrobial residues for the environment. Further research is required to determine if the levels of antimicrobials detected in this study are of consequence to human and/or environmental ecosystems. A comparison of the radioimmunoassay and LC/ESI-MS analytical methods documented that radioimmunoassay techniques were only appropriate for measuring residues in animal waste samples likely to contain high levels of antimicrobials. More sensitive LC/ESI-MS techniques are required in environmental samples, where low levels of antimicrobial residues are more likely. JF - Science of the Total Environment AU - Campagnolo, E R AU - Johnson, K R AU - Karpati, A AU - Rubin, C S AU - Kolpin, D W AU - Meyer, M T AU - Esteban, JE AU - Currier, R W AU - Smith, K AU - Thu, K M AU - McGeehin, M AD - Health Studies Branch, Division of Environmental Hazards and Health Effects, National Center for Environmental Health, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, 1600 Clifton Rd. NE, Atlanta, GA 30333, USA, kdj8@cdc.gov Y1 - 2002/11/01/ PY - 2002 DA - 2002 Nov 01 SP - 89 EP - 95 VL - 299 IS - 1-3 SN - 0048-9697, 0048-9697 KW - animal feeding operations KW - antimicrobial agents KW - swine KW - Microbiology Abstracts A: Industrial & Applied Microbiology; Water Resources Abstracts; Aqualine Abstracts; Toxicology Abstracts; Pollution Abstracts KW - Agricultural wastes KW - USA KW - Animal wastes KW - Animal Wastes KW - Water KW - Animal manures KW - A 01340:Antibiotics & Antimicrobials KW - X 24240:Miscellaneous KW - P 9000:ENVIRONMENTAL ACTION KW - SW 3020:Sources and fate of pollution KW - AQ 00003:Monitoring and Analysis of Water and Wastes UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/19522043?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aaqualine&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Science+of+the+Total+Environment&rft.atitle=Antimicrobial+residues+in+animal+waste+and+water+resources+proximal+to+large-scale+swine+and+poultry+feeding+operations&rft.au=Campagnolo%2C+E+R%3BJohnson%2C+K+R%3BKarpati%2C+A%3BRubin%2C+C+S%3BKolpin%2C+D+W%3BMeyer%2C+M+T%3BEsteban%2C+JE%3BCurrier%2C+R+W%3BSmith%2C+K%3BThu%2C+K+M%3BMcGeehin%2C+M&rft.aulast=Campagnolo&rft.aufirst=E&rft.date=2002-11-01&rft.volume=299&rft.issue=1-3&rft.spage=89&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Science+of+the+Total+Environment&rft.issn=00489697&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2003-07-01 N1 - Last updated - 2014-02-11 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Water; Animal wastes; Animal manures; Animal Wastes; USA ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Unassisted Isolated-pair Mating of Anopheles gambiae (Diptera: Culicidae) Mosquitoes AN - 18852814; 5671495 AB - Female Anopheles mosquitoes usually mate only once, but mating is seldom seen in small containers containing only one female and male. Therefore, matings are often performed among many adults in large cages or by forced copulation. Isolated-pair mating of Anopheles gambiae G3 strain-derived mosquitoes without forced copulation in small vials is described. We observed that the experimental variables eye color and male number were significant factors in the mating frequency. Females mated more frequently when three males were present over only one male. White-eyed females were more likely to be mated than wild-eyed females, but wild males mated more frequently than did white-eyed males. Experiments were also conducted to determine when mating was occurring by using wild-eye-color mosquitoes in isolated pairs. Almost no matings were observed before day 6 rather than the frequencies typically observed after 1-2 d in standard large-cage matings among large numbers of adults. JF - Journal of Medical Entomology AU - Benedict, M Q AU - Rafferty, C S Y1 - 2002/11// PY - 2002 DA - November 2002 SP - 942 EP - 944 PB - Entomological Society of America VL - 39 IS - 6 SN - 0022-2585, 0022-2585 KW - Controlled conditions KW - Diptera KW - Mosquitoes KW - Pair mating KW - Animal Behavior Abstracts; ASFA 1: Biological Sciences & Living Resources; Entomology Abstracts; ASFA 3: Aquatic Pollution & Environmental Quality KW - Mating behavior KW - Biological vectors KW - Human diseases KW - Protozoan diseases KW - Density dependence KW - Culicidae KW - Malaria KW - Compound eye KW - Anopheles gambiae KW - Public health KW - Colour KW - Coloration KW - Compound eyes KW - Reproductive behaviour KW - Aquatic insects KW - Q1 08423:Behaviour KW - Y 25423:Insects KW - Q5 08524:Public health, medicines, dangerous organisms KW - Z 05192:Reproductive behavior UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/18852814?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aasfaaquaticpollution&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Medical+Entomology&rft.atitle=Unassisted+Isolated-pair+Mating+of+Anopheles+gambiae+%28Diptera%3A+Culicidae%29+Mosquitoes&rft.au=Benedict%2C+M+Q%3BRafferty%2C+C+S&rft.aulast=Benedict&rft.aufirst=M&rft.date=2002-11-01&rft.volume=39&rft.issue=6&rft.spage=942&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+Medical+Entomology&rft.issn=00222585&rft_id=info:doi/10.1043%2F0022-2585%282002%29039%280942%3AUIPMOA%292.0.CO%3B2 LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Last updated - 2016-05-27 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Biological vectors; Colour; Human diseases; Protozoan diseases; Density dependence; Compound eyes; Malaria; Reproductive behaviour; Aquatic insects; Public health; Mating behavior; Coloration; Compound eye; Culicidae; Anopheles gambiae DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1043/0022-2585(2002)039(0942:UIPMOA)2.0.CO;2 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - The Relationship Between Periodontal Disease Attributes and Helicobacter pylori Infection Among Adults in the United States AN - 18741786; 5615445 AB - Objectives. We investigated the relationship between Helicobacter pylori infection and abnormal periodontal conditions. Methods. Data from the first phase of the third National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey were used. A total of 4504 participants aged 20 to 59 years who completed a periodontal examination and tested positive for H. pylori antibodies were examined. Results. Periodontal pockets with a depth of 5 mm or more were associated with increased odds of H. pylori seropositivity (odds ratio [OR] = 1.47; 95% confidence interval [CI] = 1.12, 1.94) after adjustment for sociodemographic factors. This association is comparable to the independent effects of poverty on H. pylori (OR = 1.54; 95% CI = 1.10, 2.16). Conclusions. Poor periodontal health, characterized by advanced periodontal pockets, may be associated with H. pylori infection in adults, independent of poverty status. JF - American Journal of Public Health AU - Dye, BA AU - Kruszon-Moran, D AU - McQuillan, G AD - CDC/NCHS, 6525 Belcrest Rd, Room 900, Hyattsville, MD 20782, USA, bfd1@cdc.gov Y1 - 2002/11// PY - 2002 DA - Nov 2002 SP - 1809 EP - 1815 VL - 92 IS - 11 SN - 0090-0036, 0090-0036 KW - poverty KW - Microbiology Abstracts B: Bacteriology KW - J 02846:Gastrointestinal tract UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/18741786?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologyb&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=American+Journal+of+Public+Health&rft.atitle=The+Relationship+Between+Periodontal+Disease+Attributes+and+Helicobacter+pylori+Infection+Among+Adults+in+the+United+States&rft.au=Dye%2C+BA%3BKruszon-Moran%2C+D%3BMcQuillan%2C+G&rft.aulast=Dye&rft.aufirst=BA&rft.date=2002-11-01&rft.volume=92&rft.issue=11&rft.spage=1809&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=American+Journal+of+Public+Health&rft.issn=00900036&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Optimal Resource Allocation for Curing Chlamydia trachomatis Infection Among Asymptomatic Women at Clinics Operating on a Fixed Budget AN - 18741113; 5615978 AB - Goal: The goal was to determine the optimal strategy for screening coverage, test selection, and treatment for C trachomatis infection in asymptomatic women for a given family-planning-program budget. Study Design: We developed a resource allocation model to determine the optimal strategy using data from 5078 visits by women universally screened for C trachomatis infection in a publicly funded family planning clinic system in Philadelphia. We maximized the number of infected women cured from the clinic perspective and maximized the cost-savings from the healthcare system perspective. The model incorporated the following age distributions: 24 years (43%), with C trachomatis prevalences of 10.6%, 6.9%, and 2.3%, respectively. We modeled two screening test assays (DNA probe and ligase chain reaction [LCR] for cervical specimens) and two treatments (doxycycline and azithromycin). The model allowed for different test and treatment choices by age group. Results: At the baseline annual budget of $6 per visit, the strategy that maximized both the number of infected women cured and cost savings would be to screen all women with DNA probe and to treat all women with positive tests with azithromycin. This strategy would result in 183 women cured at a cost-savings of $140,176. Sensitivity analysis showed that the total budget had a great impact on the optimal strategy, incorporating screening coverage, test selection, and treatment. Conclusions: Using resource allocation models enables clinic managers operating with a fixed budget to identify a strategy that maximizes the number of asymptomatic women cured and cost savings when the clinic age distribution and age-specific C trachomatis prevalences are known. JF - Sexually Transmitted Diseases AU - Tao, G AU - Gift, T L AU - Walsh, C M AU - Irwin, K L AU - Kassler, W J AD - Division of STD Prevention, National Center for HIV, STD, and TB Prevention, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, 1600 Clifton Road NE, MS-E44, Atlanta, GA 30333, USA, gat3@cdc.gov Y1 - 2002/11// PY - 2002 DA - Nov 2002 SP - 703 EP - 709 VL - 29 IS - 11 KW - Microbiology Abstracts B: Bacteriology KW - J 02849:Sexually-transmitted diseases UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/18741113?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologyb&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Sexually+Transmitted+Diseases&rft.atitle=Optimal+Resource+Allocation+for+Curing+Chlamydia+trachomatis+Infection+Among+Asymptomatic+Women+at+Clinics+Operating+on+a+Fixed+Budget&rft.au=Tao%2C+G%3BGift%2C+T+L%3BWalsh%2C+C+M%3BIrwin%2C+K+L%3BKassler%2C+W+J&rft.aulast=Tao&rft.aufirst=G&rft.date=2002-11-01&rft.volume=29&rft.issue=11&rft.spage=703&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Sexually+Transmitted+Diseases&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - New Tests for the Detection of Oxacillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus AN - 18683765; 5564539 AB - Most methods currently available to clinical microbiology laboratories for phenotypic detection of oxacillin resistance in Staphylococcus aureus, e.g., MIC and disk diffusion methods, perform well if the tests are inoculated and incubated properly. However, in rare circumstances, additional testing for confirmation of susceptibility or resistance may be needed. These circumstances include the occurrence of extremely heterogeneous mecA-determined resistance where conventional methods may categorize the strain as susceptible. In addition, confirmation of borderline resistance determined by mechanisms other than the presence of the mecA gene may need to be verified because treatment with oxacillin may be effective. Several new methods that detect either the mecA gene or the gene product (e.g., penicillin-binding protein 2a, or PBP 2a) have been cleared by the Food and Drug Administration and are now available. These methods, including an easy-to-perform latex agglutination test, may be considered for use by many clinical laboratories when more sophisticated molecular techniques (i.e., PCR assay) are not available. JF - Clinical Microbiology Newsletter AU - Swenson, J M AD - Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA, USA, jswenson@cdc.gov Y1 - 2002/11/01/ PY - 2002 DA - 2002 Nov 01 SP - 159 EP - 163 VL - 24 IS - 21 SN - 0196-4399, 0196-4399 KW - mecA gene KW - oxacillin KW - Microbiology Abstracts A: Industrial & Applied Microbiology KW - A 01064:Microbial resistance UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/18683765?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologya&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Clinical+Microbiology+Newsletter&rft.atitle=New+Tests+for+the+Detection+of+Oxacillin-Resistant+Staphylococcus+aureus&rft.au=Swenson%2C+J+M&rft.aulast=Swenson&rft.aufirst=J&rft.date=2002-11-01&rft.volume=24&rft.issue=21&rft.spage=159&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Clinical+Microbiology+Newsletter&rft.issn=01964399&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Investigation of the relation between self-reported food consumption and household chemical exposures with urinary levels of selected nonpersistent pesticides AN - 18668518; 5564394 AB - Concerns about pesticide exposure through food consumption have increased during the past several years. The main objective of our study was to determine whetehr we could use data from the Third National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES III) to detect a relation between self-reported food consumption -- particularly consumption of fruits, vegetables, and bread products -- and urinary levels of pesticides or their metabolites in a population of 978 adults living in the US. A secondary objective was to investigate whether these urine levels differed for people who reported exposure to selected common household chemicals including bug or insect spray, weed killer, and mothballs or crystals. We used monthly food frequency data from the NHANES III, 1988-1994. Urinary pesticide/metabolite levels and information about chemical exposures were taken from the Priority Toxicant Reference Range Study (a component of the NHANES III). Six pesticides or their metabolites were detected in at least 50% of the sample, three of which -- 1-naphthol (86.4%), pentachlorophenol (62.5%), and 3,5,6-trichloro-2-pyridinol (82.0%) -- were possibly related to food consumption. We were unable to detect a relation between self-reported food consumption and their urinary levels. This may be due more to the limitations of the datasets than to a lack of a relation between food consumption and urine pesticide/metabolite levels. We did find that people who reported recently using selected common chemicals had higher geometric mean urine pesticide/metabolite levels than did people who reported not recently using these chemicals. JF - Journal of Exposure Analysis and Environmental Epidemiology AU - Kieszak, S M AU - Naeher, L P AU - Rubin, C S AU - Needham, L L AU - Backer, L AU - Barr, D AU - McGeehin, M AD - Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, National Center for Environmental Health, 1600 Clifton Road, NE (MS:E23), Atlanta, GA 30333, USA, sek7@cdc.gov Y1 - 2002/11// PY - 2002 DA - Nov 2002 SP - 404 EP - 408 VL - 12 IS - 6 SN - 1053-4245, 1053-4245 KW - exposure KW - man KW - Health & Safety Science Abstracts; Toxicology Abstracts KW - X 24120:Food, additives & contaminants KW - H 4000:Food and Drugs UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/18668518?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxicologyabstracts&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Exposure+Analysis+and+Environmental+Epidemiology&rft.atitle=Investigation+of+the+relation+between+self-reported+food+consumption+and+household+chemical+exposures+with+urinary+levels+of+selected+nonpersistent+pesticides&rft.au=Kieszak%2C+S+M%3BNaeher%2C+L+P%3BRubin%2C+C+S%3BNeedham%2C+L+L%3BBacker%2C+L%3BBarr%2C+D%3BMcGeehin%2C+M&rft.aulast=Kieszak&rft.aufirst=S&rft.date=2002-11-01&rft.volume=12&rft.issue=6&rft.spage=404&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+Exposure+Analysis+and+Environmental+Epidemiology&rft.issn=10534245&rft_id=info:doi/10.1038%2Fsj.jea.7500242 LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/sj.jea.7500242 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Pesticide Use and Practices in an Iowa Farm Family Pesticide Exposure Study AN - 18652901; 5558883 AB - Residents of Iowa were enrolled in a study investigating differences in pesticide contamination and exposure factors between 25 farm homes and 25 non-farm homes. The target pesticides investigated were atrazine, metolachlor, acetochlor, alachlor, 2,4-D, glyphosate, and chlorpyrifos; all were applied to either corn or soybean crops. A questionnaire was administered to all participants to determine residential pesticide use in and around the home. In addition, a questionnaire was administered to the farmers to determine the agricultural pesticides they used on the farm and their application practices. Non-agricultural pesticides were used more in and around farm homes than non-farm homes. Atrazine was the agricultural pesticide used most by farmers. Most farmers applied pesticides themselves but only 10 (59%) used tractors with enclosed cabs, and they typically wore little personal protective equipment (PPE). On almost every farm, more than one agricultural pesticide was applied. Corn was grown by 23 (92%) farmers and soybeans by 12 (48%) farmers. Of these, 10 (40%) grew both soybeans and corn, with only 2 (8%) growing only soybeans and 13 (52%) growing only corn. The majority of farmers changed from their work clothes and shoes in the home, and when they changed outside or in the garage, they usually brought their clothes and shoes inside. Applying pesticides using tractors with open cabs, not wearing PPE, and changing from work clothes in the home may increase pesticide exposure and contamination. Almost half of the 66 farm children less than 16 years of age were engaged in some form of farm chores, with 6 (9%) potentially directly exposed to pesticides, while only 2 (4%) of the 52 non-farm children less than 16 years of age had farm chores, and none were directly exposed to pesticides. Farm homes may be contaminated with pesticides in several ways, resulting in potentially more contamination than non-farm homes, and farm children may be directly exposed to pesticides through farm chores involving pesticides. In addition to providing a description of pesticide use, the data presented here will be useful in evaluating potential contributing factors to household pesticide contamination and family exposure. JF - Journal of Agricultural Safety and Health AU - Curwin, B AU - Sanderson, W AU - Reynolds, S AU - Hein, M AU - Alavanja, M AD - National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, 4676 Columbia Parkway MS R-14, Cincinnati, OH 45220, USA, bcurwin@cdc.gov Y1 - 2002/11// PY - 2002 DA - Nov 2002 SP - 423 EP - 433 VL - 8 IS - 4 SN - 1074-7583, 1074-7583 KW - farming KW - man KW - Health & Safety Science Abstracts; Toxicology Abstracts KW - H 5000:Pesticides KW - X 24136:Environmental impact UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/18652901?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxicologyabstracts&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Agricultural+Safety+and+Health&rft.atitle=Pesticide+Use+and+Practices+in+an+Iowa+Farm+Family+Pesticide+Exposure+Study&rft.au=Curwin%2C+B%3BSanderson%2C+W%3BReynolds%2C+S%3BHein%2C+M%3BAlavanja%2C+M&rft.aulast=Curwin&rft.aufirst=B&rft.date=2002-11-01&rft.volume=8&rft.issue=4&rft.spage=423&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+Agricultural+Safety+and+Health&rft.issn=10747583&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Defibrination of Blood Plasma for Use in Serological Tests for Syphilis AN - 18612718; 5473260 AB - Syphilitic plasma can be salvaged from discarded blood donations and converted to serum by defibrination. Sixty-nine units of plasma were treated with a stock solution of 100 U of thrombin per ml in 1 M calcium chloride and then with a 10% (wt/vol) solution of kaolin. Fibrinogen concentrations detected in initial plasma samples ranged from 94 to 4,970 mg/liter (mean, 2,532 mg/liter) for samples that were reactive by the rapid plasma reagin circle card test (RPR) and from 314 to 2,742 mg/liter (mean 1,528 mg/liter) for samples that were not reactive by the RPR. The treated samples showed no measurable fibrinogen remaining after the defibrination process. In the nontreponemal RPR for syphilis, 86% of the treated plasma samples retained the same endpoint titer as that of the initial plasma sample. When the Treponema pallidum passive- particle-agglutination test was used, 98% retained the same reactivity. In the Captia Syphilis-G enzyme immunoassay, 89% of the treated samples demonstrated no change in reactivity index, and in the fluorescent treponemal antibody absorption test, 96% showed no reduction in fluorescence. Human sera containing antibodies to syphilis are used at the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention for the preparation of reference controls or as samples for proficiency testing. Finding reactive sera is becoming more difficult due to the general decline of syphilis cases in the United States. The decreasing availability of these sera can be alleviated by salvaging plasma and converting it to serum. JF - Clinical and Diagnostic Laboratory Immunology AU - Castro, A R AU - Kikkert, SE AU - Fears, M B AU - Pope, V AD - Division of AIDS, STD, and TB Laboratory Research, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, 1600 Clifton Rd, Mail Stop D-13, Atlanta, GA 30333, acastro@cdc.gov Y1 - 2002/11// PY - 2002 DA - Nov 2002 SP - 1376 EP - 1378 VL - 9 IS - 6 SN - 1071-412X, 1071-412X KW - calcium chloride KW - fibrinogen KW - kaolin KW - man KW - Immunology Abstracts; Microbiology Abstracts B: Bacteriology KW - F 06723:Other labelling methods KW - J 02705:Others UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/18612718?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologyb&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Clinical+and+Diagnostic+Laboratory+Immunology&rft.atitle=Defibrination+of+Blood+Plasma+for+Use+in+Serological+Tests+for+Syphilis&rft.au=Castro%2C+A+R%3BKikkert%2C+SE%3BFears%2C+M+B%3BPope%2C+V&rft.aulast=Castro&rft.aufirst=A&rft.date=2002-11-01&rft.volume=9&rft.issue=6&rft.spage=1376&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Clinical+and+Diagnostic+Laboratory+Immunology&rft.issn=1071412X&rft_id=info:doi/10.1128%2FCDLI.9.6.1376-1378.2002 LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/CDLI.9.6.1376-1378.2002 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Multicenter Evaluation of Ethambutol Susceptibility Testing of Mycobacterium tuberculosis by Agar Proportion and Radiometric Methods AN - 18512137; 5472433 AB - Reproducibility of ethambutol (EMB) susceptibility test results for Mycobacterium tuberculosis has always been difficult for a variety of reasons, including the narrow range between the critical breakpoint for EMB resistance and the MIC for susceptible strains, borderline results obtained with the BACTEC 460TB method, the presence of microcolonies determined using the agar proportion (AP) method, and a lack of agreement between these two testing methods. To assess the frequency of these problems, M. tuberculosis drug susceptibility data were collected in a multicenter study involving four laboratories. Resistant, borderline, and susceptible isolates were shared among the laboratories to measure interlaboratory test agreement. Half of isolates determined by BACTEC 460TB to be resistant were determined to be susceptible by the AP method. Isolates determined to be resistant to EMB by both BACTEC 460TB and AP methods were almost always resistant to isoniazid. Results from isolates tested by the BACTEC 460TB method with an EMB concentration of 3.75 mu g/ml in addition to the standard 2.5 mu g/ml did not show improved agreement by the AP method. While these results do not indicate that the AP method is more accurate than the BACTEC 460TB method, laboratories should not report EMB monoresistance based on BACTEC 460TB results alone. Monoresistance to EMB should only be reported following confirmation by the AP method. Microcolonies could not be confirmed as resistant by the BACTEC 460TB method or by repeat testing with the AP method and do not appear to be indicative of resistance. JF - Journal of Clinical Microbiology AU - Madison, B AU - Robinson-Dunn, B AU - George, I AU - Gross, W AU - Lipman, H AU - Metchock, B AU - Sloutsky, A AU - Washabaugh, G AU - Mazurek, G AU - Ridderhof, J AD - Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, 4770 Buford Highway, N.E., Mail Stop G-25, Atlanta, GA 30347, bdm6@cdc.gov Y1 - 2002/11// PY - 2002 DA - Nov 2002 SP - 3976 EP - 3979 VL - 40 IS - 11 SN - 0095-1137, 0095-1137 KW - agar proportion method KW - evaluation KW - Microbiology Abstracts A: Industrial & Applied Microbiology; Microbiology Abstracts B: Bacteriology KW - A 01116:Bacteria KW - J 02705:Others UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/18512137?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologyb&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Clinical+Microbiology&rft.atitle=Multicenter+Evaluation+of+Ethambutol+Susceptibility+Testing+of+Mycobacterium+tuberculosis+by+Agar+Proportion+and+Radiometric+Methods&rft.au=Madison%2C+B%3BRobinson-Dunn%2C+B%3BGeorge%2C+I%3BGross%2C+W%3BLipman%2C+H%3BMetchock%2C+B%3BSloutsky%2C+A%3BWashabaugh%2C+G%3BMazurek%2C+G%3BRidderhof%2C+J&rft.aulast=Madison&rft.aufirst=B&rft.date=2002-11-01&rft.volume=40&rft.issue=11&rft.spage=3976&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+Clinical+Microbiology&rft.issn=00951137&rft_id=info:doi/10.1128%2FJCM.40.11.3976-3979.2002 LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/JCM.40.11.3976-3979.2002 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Clinical and Immune Impact of Mycobacterium bovis BCG Vaccination Scarring AN - 18501756; 5464252 AB - The World Health Organization recommends Mycobacterium bovis BCG vaccination in areas of high tuberculosis prevalence. BCG's clinical and immune effects, not necessarily Mycobacterium tuberculosis specific, are unclear. BCG vaccine scarring often is used as a surrogate marker of vaccination or of effective vaccination. We evaluated BCG scarring status in relation to clinical findings and outcome in 700 hospitalized Malawians, of whom 32 had M. tuberculosis bloodstream infections (BSI) (10 of whom had cellular immune studies done) and of whom 48 were infants =]6 months old, scarring was not related to the presence of pulmonary symptoms (35 versus 30%), chronic cough or fever, mortality, or M. tuberculosis BSI. In M. tuberculosis BSI patients, scarring was unrelated to mortality, vital signs, or clinical symptoms but those with scarring had higher proportions of memory and activated T cells and more type 2-skewed cytokine profiles. Infants with either BCG scarring (n = 10) or BCG lesional inflammation (n = 5) had no symptoms of sepsis, but 18 of 33 infants without BCG vaccination lesions did. Those with BCG lesions had localized infections more often than did those without BCG lesions. These infants also had lower median percentages of lymphocytes spontaneously making interleukin-4 (IL-4) or tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-[alpha]) and lower ratios of T cells spontaneously making IL-4 to T cells making IL-6. Thus, we found that, in older patients, BCG vaccine scarring was not associated with M. tuberculosis-specific or nonspecific clinical protection. Those with M. tuberculosis BSI and scarring had immune findings suggesting previous M. tuberculosis antigen exposure and induction of a type 2 cytokine pattern with acute reexposure. It is unlikely that this type 2 pattern would be protective against mycobacteria, which require a type 1 response for effective containment. In infants <6 months old, recent BCG vaccination was associated with a non-M. tuberculosis-specific, anti- inflammatory cytokine profile. That the vaccinated infants had a greater frequency of localized infections and lesser frequency of sepsis symptoms suggests that this postvaccination cytokine pattern may provide some non-M. tuberculosis-specific clinical benefits. JF - Infection and Immunity AU - Jason, J AU - Archibald, L K AU - Nwanyanwu, O C AU - Kazembe, P N AU - Chatt, JA AU - Norton, E AU - Dobbie, H AU - Jarvis, W R AD - Mailstop A-25, DASTLR, NCID, CDC, 1600 Clifton Rd. N.E., Atlanta, GA 30333, JMJ1@cdc.gov Y1 - 2002/11// PY - 2002 DA - Nov 2002 SP - 6188 EP - 6195 VL - 70 IS - 11 SN - 0019-9567, 0019-9567 KW - man KW - Immunology Abstracts; Microbiology Abstracts B: Bacteriology KW - J 02834:Vaccination and immunization KW - F 06807:Active immunization UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/18501756?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologyb&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Infection+and+Immunity&rft.atitle=Clinical+and+Immune+Impact+of+Mycobacterium+bovis+BCG+Vaccination+Scarring&rft.au=Jason%2C+J%3BArchibald%2C+L+K%3BNwanyanwu%2C+O+C%3BKazembe%2C+P+N%3BChatt%2C+JA%3BNorton%2C+E%3BDobbie%2C+H%3BJarvis%2C+W+R&rft.aulast=Jason&rft.aufirst=J&rft.date=2002-11-01&rft.volume=70&rft.issue=11&rft.spage=6188&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Infection+and+Immunity&rft.issn=00199567&rft_id=info:doi/10.1128%2FIAI.70.11.6188-6195.2002 LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/IAI.70.11.6188-6195.2002 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Outbreak of listeriosis--northeastern United States, 2002. AN - 72678178; 12437035 AB - A multistate outbreak of Listeria monocytogenes infections with 46 culture-confirmed cases, seven deaths, and three stillbirths or miscarriages in eight states has been linked to eating sliceable turkey deli meat. Cases have been reported from Pennsylvania (14 cases), New York (11 in New York City and seven in other locations), New Jersey (five), Delaware (four), Maryland (two), Connecticut (one), Massachusetts (one), and Michigan (one). Culture dates ranged from July 18 to September 30, 2002; case-finding is ongoing. Outbreak isolates share a relatively uncommon pulsed-field gel electrophoresis (PFGE) pattern. JF - MMWR. Morbidity and mortality weekly report AU - Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) AD - Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) Y1 - 2002/10/25/ PY - 2002 DA - 2002 Oct 25 SP - 950 EP - 951 VL - 51 IS - 42 SN - 0149-2195, 0149-2195 KW - Index Medicus KW - Humans KW - Food Handling KW - New England -- epidemiology KW - Disease Outbreaks KW - Listeriosis -- epidemiology KW - Listeria monocytogenes -- isolation & purification KW - Foodborne Diseases -- epidemiology KW - Poultry Products -- microbiology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/72678178?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=MMWR.+Morbidity+and+mortality+weekly+report&rft.atitle=Outbreak+of+listeriosis--northeastern+United+States%2C+2002.&rft.au=Centers+for+Disease+Control+and+Prevention+%28CDC%29&rft.aulast=Centers+for+Disease+Control+and+Prevention+%28CDC%29&rft.aufirst=&rft.date=2002-10-25&rft.volume=51&rft.issue=42&rft.spage=950&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=MMWR.+Morbidity+and+mortality+weekly+report&rft.issn=01492195&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 2002-11-25 N1 - Date created - 2002-11-19 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Association between chronic obstructive pulmonary disease and employment by industry and occupation in the US population: a study of data from the Third National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey. AN - 72155599; 12370162 AB - Data from the US population-based Third National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey, conducted from 1988 to 1994, were used to estimate the population prevalence, prevalence odds ratios, and attributable fractions for the association of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) with employment by industry and occupation. The aim was to identify industries and occupations at increased risk of COPD. COPD was defined as forced expiratory volume in 1 second (FEV(1))/forced vital capacity <70% and FEV(1 )<80% predicted. The authors used SUDAAN software (Research Triangle Institute, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina) to estimate the weighted population prevalence and odds ratios using 9,823 subjects aged 30-75 years who underwent lung function tests. Odds ratios for COPD, adjusted for age, smoking status, pack-years of smoking, body mass index, education, and socioeconomic status, were increased for the following industries: rubber, plastics, and leather manufacturing; utilities; office building services; textile mill products manufacturing; the armed forces; food products manufacturing; repair services and gas stations; agriculture; sales; construction; transportation and trucking; personal services; and health care. Occupations associated with increased odds ratios for COPD were freight, stock, and material handlers; records processing and distribution clerks; sales; transportation-related occupations; machine operators; construction trades; and waitresses. The fraction of COPD attributable to work was estimated as 19.2% overall and 31.1% among never smokers. JF - American journal of epidemiology AU - Hnizdo, Eva AU - Sullivan, Patricia A AU - Bang, Ki Moon AU - Wagner, Gregory AD - Division of Respiratory Disease Studies, National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Morgantown, WV 26505, USA. Exh6@cdc.gov Y1 - 2002/10/15/ PY - 2002 DA - 2002 Oct 15 SP - 738 EP - 746 VL - 156 IS - 8 SN - 0002-9262, 0002-9262 KW - Index Medicus KW - Software KW - Odds Ratio KW - Social Class KW - Humans KW - Health Surveys KW - Adult KW - Aged KW - Middle Aged KW - Male KW - Female KW - Risk Assessment KW - Prevalence KW - Occupational Exposure KW - Employment -- statistics & numerical data KW - Pulmonary Disease, Chronic Obstructive -- epidemiology KW - Pulmonary Disease, Chronic Obstructive -- economics KW - Occupations -- statistics & numerical data KW - Pulmonary Disease, Chronic Obstructive -- etiology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/72155599?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=American+journal+of+epidemiology&rft.atitle=Association+between+chronic+obstructive+pulmonary+disease+and+employment+by+industry+and+occupation+in+the+US+population%3A+a+study+of+data+from+the+Third+National+Health+and+Nutrition+Examination+Survey.&rft.au=Hnizdo%2C+Eva%3BSullivan%2C+Patricia+A%3BBang%2C+Ki+Moon%3BWagner%2C+Gregory&rft.aulast=Hnizdo&rft.aufirst=Eva&rft.date=2002-10-15&rft.volume=156&rft.issue=8&rft.spage=738&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=American+journal+of+epidemiology&rft.issn=00029262&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 2002-10-29 N1 - Date created - 2002-10-08 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Ciprofloxacin for the treatment of uncomplicated gonorrhea infection in adolescents: does the benefit outweigh the risk? AN - 72127497; 12353206 AB - The highest rates of reported gonorrhea infections occur among adolescent females aged 15-19 years. Among the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC)-recommended single-dose gonorrhea treatment regimens, ciprofloxacin, a fluoroquinolone antibiotic, is approximately half the cost of other CDC-recommended oral treatment regimens. Fluoroquinolone use in patients aged <18 years has been limited because of irreversible articular cartilage damage demonstrated in large, weight-bearing joints of young animals. We reviewed the medical literature to assess whether the risks of a single 500-mg dose of ciprofloxacin to treat uncomplicated gonorrhea infection in adolescents appears to outweigh the benefits. We found no reports of irreversible cartilage toxicity or age-associated adverse events in 5236 human children and adolescents (aged 5 days-24 years) treated with a total of 5486 courses of fluoroquinolones. JF - Clinical infectious diseases : an official publication of the Infectious Diseases Society of America AU - Burstein, Gale R AU - Berman, Stuart M AU - Blumer, Jeffery L AU - Moran, John S AD - Division of HIV and AIDS Prevention, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA 30333, USA. gib5@cdc.gov Y1 - 2002/10/15/ PY - 2002 DA - 2002 Oct 15 SP - S191 EP - S199 VL - 35 KW - Anti-Infective Agents KW - 0 KW - Ciprofloxacin KW - 5E8K9I0O4U KW - Index Medicus KW - Humans KW - Adolescent KW - Risk Assessment KW - Anti-Infective Agents -- therapeutic use KW - Anti-Infective Agents -- adverse effects KW - Gonorrhea -- pathology KW - Gonorrhea -- economics KW - Ciprofloxacin -- therapeutic use KW - Ciprofloxacin -- adverse effects KW - Gonorrhea -- drug therapy UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/72127497?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Clinical+infectious+diseases+%3A+an+official+publication+of+the+Infectious+Diseases+Society+of+America&rft.atitle=Ciprofloxacin+for+the+treatment+of+uncomplicated+gonorrhea+infection+in+adolescents%3A+does+the+benefit+outweigh+the+risk%3F&rft.au=Burstein%2C+Gale+R%3BBerman%2C+Stuart+M%3BBlumer%2C+Jeffery+L%3BMoran%2C+John+S&rft.aulast=Burstein&rft.aufirst=Gale&rft.date=2002-10-15&rft.volume=35&rft.issue=&rft.spage=S191&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Clinical+infectious+diseases+%3A+an+official+publication+of+the+Infectious+Diseases+Society+of+America&rft.issn=1537-6591&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 2002-10-17 N1 - Date created - 2002-09-27 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Analytical methods for biological monitoring of exposure to pesticides: a review. AN - 72181622; 12376114 AB - Synthetic pesticides have been used since in the early to mid twentieth century. In the US alone, over 800 pesticide active ingredients are formulated in about 21,000 different commercial products. Although many public health benefits have been realized by the use of pesticides, their potential impact on the environment and public health is substantial. For risk assessment studies, exposure assessment is an integral component, which has unfortunately, often been weak or missing. In the past several decades, researchers have proposed to fill these missing data gaps using biological monitoring of specific markers related to exposures. In this paper, we present a review of existing analytical methodology for the biological monitoring of exposure to pesticides. We also present a critical assessment of the existing methodology and explore areas in which more research is needed. Copyright 2002 Elsevier Science B.V. JF - Journal of chromatography. B, Analytical technologies in the biomedical and life sciences AU - Barr, Dana B AU - Needham, Larry L AD - Division of Laboratory Sciences, National Center for Environmental Health, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, 4770 Buford Highway NE, Mailstop F17, Atlanta, GA 30341, USA. dbarr@cdc.gov Y1 - 2002/10/05/ PY - 2002 DA - 2002 Oct 05 SP - 5 EP - 29 VL - 778 IS - 1-2 SN - 1570-0232, 1570-0232 KW - Pesticides KW - 0 KW - Index Medicus KW - Humans KW - Risk Assessment KW - Pesticides -- analysis KW - Environmental Monitoring UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/72181622?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+chromatography.+B%2C+Analytical+technologies+in+the+biomedical+and+life+sciences&rft.atitle=Analytical+methods+for+biological+monitoring+of+exposure+to+pesticides%3A+a+review.&rft.au=Barr%2C+Dana+B%3BNeedham%2C+Larry+L&rft.aulast=Barr&rft.aufirst=Dana&rft.date=2002-10-05&rft.volume=778&rft.issue=1-2&rft.spage=5&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+chromatography.+B%2C+Analytical+technologies+in+the+biomedical+and+life+sciences&rft.issn=15700232&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 2003-04-08 N1 - Date created - 2002-10-11 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - A multi-analyte method for the quantification of contemporary pesticides in human serum and plasma using high-resolution mass spectrometry. AN - 72175624; 12376118 AB - We have developed a sensitive and accurate analytical method for quantifying 29 contemporary pesticides in human serum or plasma. These pesticides include organophosphates, carbamates, chloroacetanilides, and synthetic pyrethroids among others and include pesticides used in agricultural and residential settings. Our method employs a simple solid-phase extraction followed by a highly selective analysis using isotope dilution gas chromatography-high-resolution mass spectrometry. Our method is very accurate, has limits of detection in the low pg/g range and coefficients of variation of typically less than 20% at the low pg/g end of the method linear range. We have used this method to measure plasma pesticide concentrations in females living in an urban area. We found detectable concentrations of carbaryl/naphthalene, propoxur, bendiocarb, chlorpyrifos, diazinon, dicloran, captan and folpet or their metabolites in more than 20% of the plasma samples tested. Copyright 2002 Elsevier Science B.V. JF - Journal of chromatography. B, Analytical technologies in the biomedical and life sciences AU - Barr, Dana B AU - Barr, John R AU - Maggio, Vincent L AU - Whitehead, Ralph D AU - Sadowski, Melissa A AU - Whyatt, Robin M AU - Needham, Larry L AD - Division of Laboratory Sciences, National Center for Environmental Health, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, 4770 Buford Hwy NE, Mailstop F17, Atlanta, GA 30341, USA. dbarr@cdc.gov Y1 - 2002/10/05/ PY - 2002 DA - 2002 Oct 05 SP - 99 EP - 111 VL - 778 IS - 1-2 SN - 1570-0232, 1570-0232 KW - Pesticides KW - 0 KW - Index Medicus KW - Sensitivity and Specificity KW - Reproducibility of Results KW - Humans KW - Reference Standards KW - Calibration KW - Female KW - Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry -- methods KW - Pesticides -- blood UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/72175624?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+chromatography.+B%2C+Analytical+technologies+in+the+biomedical+and+life+sciences&rft.atitle=A+multi-analyte+method+for+the+quantification+of+contemporary+pesticides+in+human+serum+and+plasma+using+high-resolution+mass+spectrometry.&rft.au=Barr%2C+Dana+B%3BBarr%2C+John+R%3BMaggio%2C+Vincent+L%3BWhitehead%2C+Ralph+D%3BSadowski%2C+Melissa+A%3BWhyatt%2C+Robin+M%3BNeedham%2C+Larry+L&rft.aulast=Barr&rft.aufirst=Dana&rft.date=2002-10-05&rft.volume=778&rft.issue=1-2&rft.spage=99&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+chromatography.+B%2C+Analytical+technologies+in+the+biomedical+and+life+sciences&rft.issn=15700232&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 2003-04-08 N1 - Date created - 2002-10-11 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Cost-Benefit Analysis of a New HEDIS Performance Measure for Pneumococcal Vaccination AN - 746306791; 12991282 AB - Objectives. Measurement ofthe quality of care provided by managed care organizations (MCOs) has achieved national prominence, though there is controversy regarding its value. This article assesses the economic implications ofa new Health Plan Employer Data and Information Set (HEDIS+) measure for pneumococcal vaccination Methods.A Markov decision model, with Monte Carlo simulations, was utilized to conduct a cost-benefit analysis of annual HEDIS-associated interventions, which were repeated for 5 consecutive years, in an average Medicare MCO, using a societal perspective and a 3% annual discount rate Results.Compared with the status quo, the HEDIS intervention will be cost saving 99.8% ofthe time, with an average net savings of $3.80 per enrollee (95% probability interval: $0.73 $6.87) Conclusions.The new HEDIS measure will save societal dollars. This type of analysis is essential if performance measurement is to become a legitimate part of our health care landscape. JF - Medical Decision Making AU - Ahmed, Faruque AU - Elbasha, Elamin E AU - Thompson, Betsy L AU - Harris, Jeffrey R AU - Sneller, Vishnu-Priya AD - Epidemiology Program Office, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA, fahmed@cdc.gov Y1 - 2002/10// PY - 2002 DA - Oct 2002 SP - S58 EP - S66 PB - Sage Publications Ltd., 6 Bonhill St. London EC2A 4PU UK VL - 22 IS - 5 SN - 0272-989X, 0272-989X KW - Microbiology Abstracts B: Bacteriology KW - cost-benefit KW - cost-effectiveness KW - health maintenance organizations KW - intervention KW - managed care programs KW - outcomes assessment (health care) KW - performance measures KW - pneumococcal vaccine KW - quality of health care KW - Cost-benefit analysis KW - Monte Carlo simulation KW - Decision making KW - Streptococcus pneumoniae KW - Data processing KW - Economics KW - Landscape KW - Vaccination KW - Models KW - J 02350:Immunology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/746306791?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologyb&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Medical+Decision+Making&rft.atitle=Cost-Benefit+Analysis+of+a+New+HEDIS+Performance+Measure+for+Pneumococcal+Vaccination&rft.au=Ahmed%2C+Faruque%3BElbasha%2C+Elamin+E%3BThompson%2C+Betsy+L%3BHarris%2C+Jeffrey+R%3BSneller%2C+Vishnu-Priya&rft.aulast=Ahmed&rft.aufirst=Faruque&rft.date=2002-10-01&rft.volume=22&rft.issue=5&rft.spage=S58&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Medical+Decision+Making&rft.issn=0272989X&rft_id=info:doi/10.1177%2F027298902237711 LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2010-06-01 N1 - Number of references - 80 N1 - Last updated - 2015-03-31 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Monte Carlo simulation; Cost-benefit analysis; Decision making; Data processing; Landscape; Economics; Vaccination; Models; Streptococcus pneumoniae DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/027298902237711 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Cyclospora spp. AN - 72870742; 12686886 AB - Infection with Cyclospora cayetanensis continues to pose many questions, both in endemic populations and in travelers and food-borne outbreaks. The present review discusses existing knowledge but focuses more on what is yet to be learned about this infection. Information on the parasite in endemic settings continues to be gathered, and similarities to and differences from other intestinal coccidia, especially Cryptosporidium spp., are becoming clearer. Food-borne outbreaks in North America continue despite efforts to identify and limit importation of particular items, such as berries, at certain times of the year. Study of Cyclospora spp. found in east African primates has shed some light on human infection but raises many new questions regarding the biology of the organism. Despite new information being gathered regarding Cyclospora spp., including infection rates in various age and population groups, significant gaps remain in our knowledge of such basic issues as the factors that influence infectivity, seasonality, mode of food contamination, and geographic distribution. These gaps highlight the need for continued study on a variety of fronts, including surveillance, and clinical and basic biology. JF - Current opinion in infectious diseases AU - Eberhard, Mark L AU - Arrowood, Michael J AD - Division of Parasitic Diseases, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia 30341, USA. mle1@cdc.gov Y1 - 2002/10// PY - 2002 DA - October 2002 SP - 519 EP - 522 VL - 15 IS - 5 SN - 0951-7375, 0951-7375 KW - Index Medicus KW - Animals KW - Food Microbiology KW - North America -- epidemiology KW - Humans KW - Seasons KW - Disease Outbreaks KW - Cyclospora -- isolation & purification KW - Cyclosporiasis -- parasitology KW - Cyclosporiasis -- epidemiology KW - Cyclospora -- physiology KW - Cyclospora -- genetics KW - Cyclospora -- pathogenicity UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/72870742?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Current+opinion+in+infectious+diseases&rft.atitle=Cyclospora+spp.&rft.au=Eberhard%2C+Mark+L%3BArrowood%2C+Michael+J&rft.aulast=Eberhard&rft.aufirst=Mark&rft.date=2002-10-01&rft.volume=15&rft.issue=5&rft.spage=519&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Current+opinion+in+infectious+diseases&rft.issn=09517375&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 2003-05-07 N1 - Date created - 2003-04-10 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Increased mortality in children and adolescents with developmental disabilities. AN - 72714799; 12445156 AB - A population-based cohort of 10-year-old children with mental retardation, cerebral palsy, epilepsy, hearing impairment or vision impairment, who were ascertained at 10 years of age in a previous study conducted in metro Atlanta during 1985-87, was followed up for mortality and cause of death information. We used the National Death Index to identify all deaths among cohort members during the follow-up period (1985-95). We estimated expected numbers of deaths on the basis of actual age-, race- and sex-specific death rates for the entire Georgia population for 1989-91. The objective was to quantify the magnitude of increased mortality and evaluate the contribution of specific disabilities to mortality among children and adolescents with one or more of five developmental disabilities. A total of 30 deaths were observed; 10.1 deaths were expected, yielding an observed-to-expected mortality ratio of almost three to one. The numbers of observed deaths exceeded those of expected deaths, regardless of the number of disabilities present, but the ratios were statistically significant (at the 95% confidence level) only in children with three or more co-existing disabilities. In general, the magnitude of the mortality ratios was directly related to various measures of the severity of the person's disability. An exception to this pattern was the elevated mortality from cardiovascular disease among cohort members with isolated mental retardation (three observed deaths vs. 0.2 expected). The specific underlying causes of death among other deceased cohort members included some that were the putative cause of the developmental disability (e.g. a genetic syndrome) and others that could be considered intercurrent diseases or secondary health conditions (e.g. asthma). Prevention efforts to decrease mortality in adolescents and young adults with developmental disabilities may need to address serious conditions that are secondary to the underlying disability (i.e. infections, asthma, seizures) rather than towards injuries, accidents and poisonings, the primary causes of death for persons in this age group in the general population. JF - Paediatric and perinatal epidemiology AU - Decouflé, Pierre AU - Autry, Andrew AD - Developmental Disabilities, National Center on Birth Defects and Developmental Disabilities, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA, USA. Y1 - 2002/10// PY - 2002 DA - October 2002 SP - 375 EP - 382 VL - 16 IS - 4 SN - 0269-5022, 0269-5022 KW - Index Medicus KW - Intellectual Disability -- mortality KW - Humans KW - Child KW - Cause of Death KW - Cerebral Palsy -- mortality KW - Comorbidity KW - Survival Rate KW - Georgia -- epidemiology KW - Cohort Studies KW - Follow-Up Studies KW - Adolescent KW - Epilepsy -- mortality KW - Male KW - Female KW - Developmental Disabilities -- mortality UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/72714799?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Paediatric+and+perinatal+epidemiology&rft.atitle=Increased+mortality+in+children+and+adolescents+with+developmental+disabilities.&rft.au=Decoufl%C3%A9%2C+Pierre%3BAutry%2C+Andrew&rft.aulast=Decoufl%C3%A9&rft.aufirst=Pierre&rft.date=2002-10-01&rft.volume=16&rft.issue=4&rft.spage=375&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Paediatric+and+perinatal+epidemiology&rft.issn=02695022&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 2003-04-04 N1 - Date created - 2002-11-26 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Hazard identification in occupational injury: reflections on standard epidemiologic methods. AN - 72635963; 12412854 AB - To prevent workplace injuries, epidemiologic research must continue to progress beyond methods originally used for acute or chronic diseases. For injury research, exposure assessment requires increased sophistication because exposures comprise multiple, transient factors and complex work activities. Frequently reported risk factors such as age, gender, seniority, or prior injury are often confounders or effect-modifiers of unknown exposures. Injury rate calculations across nominal categories, e.g., department or job classification, identify where hazards are concentrated but provide little insight into their nature; injury counts often perform almost as well. Calculation of rates in relation to time actually spent in plausible etiologic exposure conditions usually is not feasible. Generalization of the Haddon approach for individual injury events to systematically analyze injury case series can identify both the mechanism of injury and the relative occurrences of high-risk conditions. In some contexts, case-crossover designs may elucidate injury causation. National databases and information systems of employers, insurers, and equipment suppliers could contribute case series for injury hazard identification. By enhancing exposure assessment through a focus on case series, epidemiologic research can expand its contribution to preventing workplace injuries. JF - International journal of occupational and environmental health AU - Park, Robert M AD - Education and Information Division, Risk Evaluation Branch, National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, Cincinnati, Ohio 45226, USA. rhp9@cdc.gov PY - 2002 SP - 354 EP - 362 VL - 8 IS - 4 SN - 1077-3525, 1077-3525 KW - Index Medicus KW - Occupational Health KW - Occupational Exposure -- statistics & numerical data KW - Epidemiologic Methods KW - Risk Factors KW - Humans KW - Occupational Exposure -- adverse effects KW - United States -- epidemiology KW - Occupational Exposure -- analysis KW - Wounds and Injuries -- epidemiology KW - Wounds and Injuries -- etiology KW - Accidents, Occupational -- statistics & numerical data UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/72635963?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=International+journal+of+occupational+and+environmental+health&rft.atitle=Hazard+identification+in+occupational+injury%3A+reflections+on+standard+epidemiologic+methods.&rft.au=Park%2C+Robert+M&rft.aulast=Park&rft.aufirst=Robert&rft.date=2002-10-01&rft.volume=8&rft.issue=4&rft.spage=354&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=International+journal+of+occupational+and+environmental+health&rft.issn=10773525&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 2003-02-07 N1 - Date created - 2002-11-04 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Work-related exacerbation of asthma. AN - 72630683; 12412844 AB - Adults with asthma who had been enrolled in an HMO for at least a year were requested to complete a questionnaire about their health status. Approximately 25% of the 1,461 participants responded positively to "Does your current work environment make your asthma worse?" and were classified as having workplace exacerbation of asthma. Those with workplace exacerbation were more likely to have never attended college, be current or former smokers, have a history of other respiratory diseases, have missed work or usual activities at least one day in the past for weeks, and report their asthma was moderate, severe, or very severe. Percentages with workplace exacerbation of asthma were highest for mining and construction (36%), wholesale and retail trade (33%), and public administration (33%), and lowest for educational services (22%), finance, insurance, and real estate (22%), and non-medical and non-educational services (18%). Future studies are needed for objective validation of self-reported workplace exacerbation, and to follow subjects prospectively to clarify the temporal sequence of workplace exacerbation and asthma severity, and how other respiratory conditions and smoking might contribute to work-related worsening of asthma. JF - International journal of occupational and environmental health AU - Henneberger, Paul K AU - Hoffman, Christopher D AU - Magid, David J AU - Lyons, Ella E AD - Division of Respiratory Disease Studies, National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Morgantown, West Virginia 26505, USA. pkh0@cdc.gov PY - 2002 SP - 291 EP - 296 VL - 8 IS - 4 SN - 1077-3525, 1077-3525 KW - Index Medicus KW - United States KW - Socioeconomic Factors KW - Health Maintenance Organizations KW - Humans KW - Adult KW - Surveys and Questionnaires KW - Occupations KW - Adolescent KW - Male KW - Female KW - Asthma -- epidemiology KW - Occupational Exposure -- adverse effects KW - Workplace KW - Asthma -- physiopathology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/72630683?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=International+journal+of+occupational+and+environmental+health&rft.atitle=Work-related+exacerbation+of+asthma.&rft.au=Henneberger%2C+Paul+K%3BHoffman%2C+Christopher+D%3BMagid%2C+David+J%3BLyons%2C+Ella+E&rft.aulast=Henneberger&rft.aufirst=Paul&rft.date=2002-10-01&rft.volume=8&rft.issue=4&rft.spage=291&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=International+journal+of+occupational+and+environmental+health&rft.issn=10773525&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 2003-02-07 N1 - Date created - 2002-11-04 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - HIV testing within at-risk populations in the United States and the reasons for seeking or avoiding HIV testing. AN - 72533806; 12394799 AB - We determined proportions of high-risk persons tested for HIV, the reasons for testing and not testing, and attitudes and perceptions regarding HIV testing, information that is critical for planning prevention programs. Cross-sectional interview study of persons at high risk for HIV infection (men who have sex with men [MSM]; injection drug users [IDUs]; and heterosexual persons recruited from gay bars, street outreach, and sexually transmitted disease clinics) among six states participating in the HIV Testing Survey (HITS) in 1995 to 1996 (HITS-I) and 1998 to 1999 (HITS-II). Overall testing rates were lower in the HITS-I (1226/1599 [77%]) than in the HITS-II (1375/1711 [80%]) (p =.01). Persons or=25 years old (HITS-I: 71% vs. 78%, respectively, p=.007; HITS-II: 63% vs. 85%, respectively, p<.001). The main reasons for testing and not testing were the same in both surveys, but the proportions of reasons for not testing differed (e.g., "unlikely exposed to HIV" [HITS-I (17%) vs. HITS-II (30%), p<.0001], "afraid of finding out HIV-positive" [HITS-I (27%) vs. HITS-II (18%), p<.0001]). Attitudes regarding HIV testing differed among tested and untested respondents, especially among MSM. HIV testing rates were higher in the HITS-II, but testing rates decreased among the youngest respondents. Denial of HIV risk factors and fear of being HIV-positive were the principal reasons for not being tested. Availability of new HIV therapies may have contributed to decreased fear of finding out that one is HIV infected as a reason to avoid testing. The increased proportion of persons at risk who did not test because they believed they were unlikely to have been exposed highlights the need for prevention efforts to address risk perceptions. JF - Journal of acquired immune deficiency syndromes (1999) AU - Kellerman, Scott E AU - Lehman, J Stan AU - Lansky, Amy AU - Stevens, Mark R AU - Hecht, Frederick M AU - Bindman, Andrew B AU - Wortley, Pascale M AD - National Center for HIV, STD, and TB Prevention, Division of HIV/AIDS Prevention-Surveillance and Epidemiology, Surveillance Branch, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA 30333, USA. sek0@cdc.gov Y1 - 2002/10/01/ PY - 2002 DA - 2002 Oct 01 SP - 202 EP - 210 VL - 31 IS - 2 SN - 1525-4135, 1525-4135 KW - Index Medicus KW - AIDS/HIV KW - United States KW - Homosexuality, Male KW - Cross-Sectional Studies KW - Age Factors KW - Fear KW - Humans KW - Adult KW - Surveys and Questionnaires KW - Male KW - Female KW - Substance Abuse, Intravenous KW - AIDS Serodiagnosis -- statistics & numerical data KW - Patient Acceptance of Health Care -- statistics & numerical data KW - HIV Infections -- prevention & control KW - Health Knowledge, Attitudes, Practice KW - AIDS Serodiagnosis -- utilization KW - HIV Infections -- diagnosis KW - Population Surveillance UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/72533806?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+acquired+immune+deficiency+syndromes+%281999%29&rft.atitle=HIV+testing+within+at-risk+populations+in+the+United+States+and+the+reasons+for+seeking+or+avoiding+HIV+testing.&rft.au=Kellerman%2C+Scott+E%3BLehman%2C+J+Stan%3BLansky%2C+Amy%3BStevens%2C+Mark+R%3BHecht%2C+Frederick+M%3BBindman%2C+Andrew+B%3BWortley%2C+Pascale+M&rft.aulast=Kellerman&rft.aufirst=Scott&rft.date=2002-10-01&rft.volume=31&rft.issue=2&rft.spage=202&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+acquired+immune+deficiency+syndromes+%281999%29&rft.issn=15254135&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 2002-11-14 N1 - Date created - 2002-10-23 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Feasibility issues in reproductive biomonitoring of female flight attendants and teachers. AN - 72533139; 12391774 AB - Flight attendants (FAs) may be at risk of adverse reproductive outcomes. We investigated the feasibility of biomonitoring studies in this mobile workforce. Forty-five female FAs and 26 female teachers (referents) collected daily urine and saliva samples for one menstrual cycle, provided daily diary data for approximately three months, and wore a wrist monitor to measure sleep disruption. A transport system enabled FAs to store samples while traveling. Overall, participation rates were low (37%) but of those recruited, over 90% of FAs and teachers completed the biomonitoring cycle. Data collection and sample integrity were not diminished by travel. Study methods resulted in good compliance and high quality data. It is possible to conduct studies of menstrual cycle function, sleep disruption, and circadian rhythm disruption in a mobile workforce potentially exposed to reproductive hazards. JF - Journal of occupational and environmental medicine AU - Whelan, Elizabeth A AU - Grajewski, Barbara AU - Wood, Emily AU - Kwan, Lorna AU - Nguyen, Mimi AU - Schnorr, Teresa M AU - Knecht, Edwin A AU - Kesner, James S AD - Division of Surveillance, Hazard Evaluations and Field Studies, National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, Cincinnati, OH, USA. Ewhelan@cdc.gov Y1 - 2002/10// PY - 2002 DA - October 2002 SP - 947 EP - 955 VL - 44 IS - 10 SN - 1076-2752, 1076-2752 KW - Index Medicus KW - Work Schedule Tolerance KW - Sensitivity and Specificity KW - Reference Values KW - Humans KW - Saliva -- chemistry KW - Risk Assessment KW - Sleep Wake Disorders KW - Feasibility Studies KW - Teaching KW - Circadian Rhythm KW - Adult KW - Case-Control Studies KW - Sampling Studies KW - Middle Aged KW - Adolescent KW - Urine -- chemistry KW - Female KW - Reproduction -- physiology KW - Menstrual Cycle -- physiology KW - Aircraft KW - Occupational Exposure -- adverse effects KW - Monitoring, Physiologic KW - Occupations UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/72533139?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+occupational+and+environmental+medicine&rft.atitle=Feasibility+issues+in+reproductive+biomonitoring+of+female+flight+attendants+and+teachers.&rft.au=Whelan%2C+Elizabeth+A%3BGrajewski%2C+Barbara%3BWood%2C+Emily%3BKwan%2C+Lorna%3BNguyen%2C+Mimi%3BSchnorr%2C+Teresa+M%3BKnecht%2C+Edwin+A%3BKesner%2C+James+S&rft.aulast=Whelan&rft.aufirst=Elizabeth&rft.date=2002-10-01&rft.volume=44&rft.issue=10&rft.spage=947&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+occupational+and+environmental+medicine&rft.issn=10762752&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 2003-02-06 N1 - Date created - 2002-10-23 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Antimicrobial postexposure prophylaxis for anthrax: adverse events and adherence. AN - 72523394; 12396927 AB - We collected data during postexposure antimicrobial prophylaxis campaigns and from a prophylaxis program evaluation 60 days after start of antimicrobial prophylaxis involving persons from six U.S. sites where Bacillus anthracis exposures occurred. Adverse events associated with antimicrobial prophylaxis to prevent anthrax were commonly reported, but hospitalizations and serious adverse events as defined by Food and Drug Administration criteria were rare. Overall adherence during 60 days of antimicrobial prophylaxis was poor (44%), ranging from 21% of persons exposed in the Morgan postal facility in New York City to 64% of persons exposed at the Brentwood postal facility in Washington, D.C. Adherence was highest among participants in an investigational new drug protocol to receive additional antibiotics with or without anthrax vaccine--a likely surrogate for anthrax risk perception. Adherence of <60 days was not consistently associated with adverse events. JF - Emerging infectious diseases AU - Shepard, Colin W AU - Soriano-Gabarro, Montse AU - Zell, Elizabeth R AU - Hayslett, James AU - Lukacs, Susan AU - Goldstein, Susan AU - Factor, Stephanie AU - Jones, Joshua AU - Ridzon, Renee AU - Williams, Ian AU - Rosenstein, Nancy AU - CDC Adverse Events Working Group AD - Centers for Desease Control and Prevention , Atlanta, Georgia 30333, USA. cvc8@cdc.gov ; CDC Adverse Events Working Group Y1 - 2002/10// PY - 2002 DA - October 2002 SP - 1124 EP - 1132 VL - 8 IS - 10 SN - 1080-6040, 1080-6040 KW - Anti-Bacterial Agents KW - 0 KW - Anti-Infective Agents KW - Penicillins KW - Ciprofloxacin KW - 5E8K9I0O4U KW - Amoxicillin KW - 804826J2HU KW - Doxycycline KW - N12000U13O KW - Index Medicus KW - Humans KW - Ciprofloxacin -- therapeutic use KW - Aged KW - Ciprofloxacin -- adverse effects KW - Amoxicillin -- adverse effects KW - Penicillins -- adverse effects KW - Doxycycline -- administration & dosage KW - Anti-Infective Agents -- therapeutic use KW - Ciprofloxacin -- administration & dosage KW - Anti-Infective Agents -- adverse effects KW - Aged, 80 and over KW - Adult KW - Adolescent KW - Male KW - Amoxicillin -- administration & dosage KW - Drug Administration Schedule KW - Penicillins -- administration & dosage KW - Doxycycline -- adverse effects KW - Penicillins -- therapeutic use KW - Bioterrorism KW - New York City KW - Amoxicillin -- therapeutic use KW - District of Columbia KW - Ethnic Groups KW - Risk Factors KW - Anti-Infective Agents -- administration & dosage KW - Middle Aged KW - Treatment Refusal KW - Female KW - Doxycycline -- therapeutic use KW - Anti-Bacterial Agents -- therapeutic use KW - Patient Compliance KW - Anti-Bacterial Agents -- adverse effects KW - Anti-Bacterial Agents -- administration & dosage KW - Antibiotic Prophylaxis KW - Anthrax -- prevention & control KW - Anthrax -- drug therapy UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/72523394?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Emerging+infectious+diseases&rft.atitle=Antimicrobial+postexposure+prophylaxis+for+anthrax%3A+adverse+events+and+adherence.&rft.au=Shepard%2C+Colin+W%3BSoriano-Gabarro%2C+Montse%3BZell%2C+Elizabeth+R%3BHayslett%2C+James%3BLukacs%2C+Susan%3BGoldstein%2C+Susan%3BFactor%2C+Stephanie%3BJones%2C+Joshua%3BRidzon%2C+Renee%3BWilliams%2C+Ian%3BRosenstein%2C+Nancy%3BCDC+Adverse+Events+Working+Group&rft.aulast=Shepard&rft.aufirst=Colin&rft.date=2002-10-01&rft.volume=8&rft.issue=10&rft.spage=1124&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Emerging+infectious+diseases&rft.issn=10806040&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 2002-12-27 N1 - Date created - 2002-10-24 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - SuppNotes - Cited By: Eur J Emerg Med. 2001 Sep;8(3):181-8 [11587462] JAMA. 1999 May 12;281(18):1735-45 [10328075] MMWR Morb Mortal Wkly Rep. 2001 Nov 16;50(45):1008-10 [11724158] MMWR Morb Mortal Wkly Rep. 2001 Dec 7;50(48):1077-9 [11770501] MMWR Morb Mortal Wkly Rep. 2001 Nov 30;50(47):1051-4 [11808926] JAMA. 2002 Feb 6;287(5):622-7 [11829702] Pharmacotherapy. 1987;7(4):125-9 [3684731] Diagn Microbiol Infect Dis. 1992 May-Jun;15(4 Suppl):103S-109S [1617921] Am J Public Health. 1992 Dec;82(12):1607-12 [1456334] J Infect Dis. 1993 May;167(5):1239-43 [8486963] J Am Optom Assoc. 1993 Apr;64(4):264-70 [8315203] J Antimicrob Chemother. 1997 Apr;39(4):499-508 [9145823] Infect Dis Obstet Gynecol. 1998;6(3):109-15 [9785106] J Travel Med. 1998 Jun;5(2):102 [9772326] Arch Intern Med. 1999 Jan 25;159(2):167-73 [9927100] Clin Infect Dis. 1999 Feb;28(2):299-308 [10064248] MMWR Morb Mortal Wkly Rep. 2001 Nov 9;50(44):987-90 [11724154] N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Adherence to antimicrobial inhalational anthrax prophylaxis among postal workers, Washington, D.C., 2001. AN - 72522921; 12396929 AB - In October 2001, two envelopes containing Bacillus anthracis spores were processed at the Washington, D.C., Processing and Distribution Center of the U.S. Postal Service; inhalational anthrax developed in four workers at this facility. More than 2,000 workers were advised to complete 60 days of postexposure prophylaxis to prevent inhalational anthrax. Interventions to promote adherence were carried out to support workers, and qualitative information was collected to evaluate our interventions. A quantitative survey was administered to a convenience sample of workers to assess factors influencing adherence. No anthrax infections developed in any workers involved in the interventions or interviews. Of 245 workers, 98 (40%) reported full adherence to prophylaxis, and 45 (18%) had completely discontinued it. Anxiety and experiencing adverse effects to prophylaxis, as well as being <45 years old were risk factors for discontinuing prophylaxis. Interventions, especially frequent visits by public health staff, proved effective in supporting adherence. JF - Emerging infectious diseases AU - Jefferds, Mariaelena D AU - Laserson, Kayla AU - Fry, Alicia M AU - Roy, Sharon AU - Hayslett, James AU - Grummer-Strawn, Laurence AU - Kettel-Khan, Laura AU - Schuchat, Anne AU - Centers for Disease Control and Prevention Anthrax Adherence Team AD - Centers for Desease Control and Prevention , Atlanta, Georgia 30333, USA. mnj5@cdc.gov ; Centers for Disease Control and Prevention Anthrax Adherence Team Y1 - 2002/10// PY - 2002 DA - October 2002 SP - 1138 EP - 1144 VL - 8 IS - 10 SN - 1080-6040, 1080-6040 KW - Anti-Bacterial Agents KW - 0 KW - Index Medicus KW - District of Columbia KW - Anti-Bacterial Agents -- therapeutic use KW - Humans KW - Health Surveys KW - Anti-Bacterial Agents -- adverse effects KW - Adult KW - Anti-Bacterial Agents -- administration & dosage KW - Aged KW - Middle Aged KW - Bacillus anthracis KW - Adolescent KW - Male KW - Female KW - Occupational Exposure KW - Patient Compliance KW - Inhalation Exposure KW - Antibiotic Prophylaxis KW - Anthrax -- prevention & control KW - Postal Service KW - Bioterrorism KW - Anthrax -- drug therapy UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/72522921?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Emerging+infectious+diseases&rft.atitle=Adherence+to+antimicrobial+inhalational+anthrax+prophylaxis+among+postal+workers%2C+Washington%2C+D.C.%2C+2001.&rft.au=Jefferds%2C+Mariaelena+D%3BLaserson%2C+Kayla%3BFry%2C+Alicia+M%3BRoy%2C+Sharon%3BHayslett%2C+James%3BGrummer-Strawn%2C+Laurence%3BKettel-Khan%2C+Laura%3BSchuchat%2C+Anne%3BCenters+for+Disease+Control+and+Prevention+Anthrax+Adherence+Team&rft.aulast=Jefferds&rft.aufirst=Mariaelena&rft.date=2002-10-01&rft.volume=8&rft.issue=10&rft.spage=1138&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Emerging+infectious+diseases&rft.issn=10806040&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 2002-12-27 N1 - Date created - 2002-10-24 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - SuppNotes - Cited By: Health Psychol. 2000 Mar;19(2):124-33 [10762096] Ann Intern Med. 1998 Oct 1;129(7):573-8 [9758579] Clin Infect Dis. 2000 Jun;30 Suppl 2:S171-6 [10860902] AIDS Patient Care STDS. 2001 Mar;15(3):109-15 [11313023] Clin Infect Dis. 2001 Sep 15;33(6):865-72 [11512092] MMWR Morb Mortal Wkly Rep. 2001 Oct 19;50(41):889-93 [11686472] MMWR Morb Mortal Wkly Rep. 2001 Oct 26;50(42):909-19 [11699843] MMWR Morb Mortal Wkly Rep. 2001 Nov 2;50(43):941-8 [11708591] Emerg Infect Dis. 2001 Nov-Dec;7(6):933-44 [11747719] Emerg Infect Dis. 2002 Oct;8(10):1066-72 [12396917] Emerg Infect Dis. 2002 Oct;8(10):1124-32 [12396927] Br J Clin Psychol. 1982 Nov;21 (Pt 4):241-54 [7171877] Diagn Microbiol Infect Dis. 1992 May-Jun;15(4 Suppl):103S-109S [1617921] Am Rev Respir Dis. 1993 May;147(5):1311-20 [8484650] J Infect Dis. 1993 May;167(5):1239-43 [8486963] Science. 1994 Nov 18;266(5188):1202-8 [7973702] South Med J. 1994 Nov;87(11):1088-91 [7973890] Soc Sci Med. 2000 Jun;50(11):1599-605 [10795966] N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Molecular subtyping of Bacillus anthracis and the 2001 bioterrorism-associated anthrax outbreak, United States. AN - 72521383; 12396925 AB - Molecular subtyping of Bacillus anthracis played an important role in differentiating and identifying strains during the 2001 bioterrorism-associated outbreak. Because B. anthracis has a low level of genetic variability, only a few subtyping methods, with varying reliability, exist. We initially used multiple-locus variable-number tandem repeat analysis (MLVA) to subtype 135 B. anthracis isolates associated with the outbreak. All isolates were determined to be of genotype 62, the same as the Ames strain used in laboratories. We sequenced the protective antigen gene (pagA) from 42 representative outbreak isolates and determined they all had a pagA sequence indistinguishable from the Ames strain (PA genotype I). MLVA and pagA sequencing were also used on DNA from clinical specimens, making subtyping B. anthracis possible without an isolate. Use of high-resolution molecular subtyping determined that all outbreak isolates were indistinguishable by the methods used and probably originated from a single source. In addition, subtyping rapidly identified laboratory contaminants and nonoutbreak-related isolates. JF - Emerging infectious diseases AU - Hoffmaster, Alex R AU - Fitzgerald, Collette C AU - Ribot, Efrain AU - Mayer, Leonard W AU - Popovic, Tanja AD - Centers for Desease Control and Prevention , Atlanta, Georgia 30333, USA. amh9@cdc.gov Y1 - 2002/10// PY - 2002 DA - October 2002 SP - 1111 EP - 1116 VL - 8 IS - 10 SN - 1080-6040, 1080-6040 KW - Genetic Markers KW - 0 KW - Index Medicus KW - Genotype KW - Polymerase Chain Reaction KW - Genetic Variation KW - Genes, Bacterial KW - Inhalation Exposure KW - Humans KW - United States -- epidemiology KW - Bacillus anthracis -- isolation & purification KW - Anthrax -- diagnosis KW - Anthrax -- epidemiology KW - Bacterial Typing Techniques -- methods KW - Bacillus anthracis -- genetics KW - Bacillus anthracis -- classification KW - Anthrax -- microbiology KW - Disease Outbreaks KW - Bioterrorism UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/72521383?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Emerging+infectious+diseases&rft.atitle=Molecular+subtyping+of+Bacillus+anthracis+and+the+2001+bioterrorism-associated+anthrax+outbreak%2C+United+States.&rft.au=Hoffmaster%2C+Alex+R%3BFitzgerald%2C+Collette+C%3BRibot%2C+Efrain%3BMayer%2C+Leonard+W%3BPopovic%2C+Tanja&rft.aulast=Hoffmaster&rft.aufirst=Alex&rft.date=2002-10-01&rft.volume=8&rft.issue=10&rft.spage=1111&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Emerging+infectious+diseases&rft.issn=10806040&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 2002-12-27 N1 - Date created - 2002-10-24 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - SuppNotes - Cited By: J Bacteriol. 2000 May;182(10):2928-36 [10781564] J Bacteriol. 1999 Apr;181(8):2358-62 [10197996] J Clin Microbiol. 2000 Oct;38(10):3780-4 [11015402] Lancet. 2000 Sep 30;356(9236):1179-82 [11030310] Microbiology. 2001 Jun;147(Pt 6):1677-85 [11390699] Appl Environ Microbiol. 2001 Oct;67(10):4863-73 [11571195] Emerg Infect Dis. 2001 Nov-Dec;7(6):933-44 [11747719] JAMA. 2002 Feb 20;287(7):863-8 [11851578] Science. 2002 Jun 14;296(5575):2028-33 [12004073] Emerg Infect Dis. 2002 Oct;8(10):1178-82 [12396935] FEMS Microbiol Lett. 1995 May 1;128(2):113-8 [7750728] J Clin Microbiol. 1995 Jul;33(7):1847-50 [7665658] Vaccine. 1995 Dec;13(18):1779-84 [8701593] J Bacteriol. 1997 Feb;179(3):818-24 [9006038] Infect Immun. 1997 Dec;65(12):5171-5 [9393812] Vaccine. 1998 May;16(8):810-7 [9627938] Vaccine. 1998 Jul;16(11-12):1141-8 [9682372] Infect Immun. 1999 Feb;67(2):562-7 [9916059] Appl Environ Microbiol. 2000 Jun;66(6):2627-30 [10831447] N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Investigation of bioterrorism-related anthrax, United States, 2001: epidemiologic findings. AN - 72521283; 12396909 AB - In October 2001, the first inhalational anthrax case in the United States since 1976 was identified in a media company worker in Florida. A national investigation was initiated to identify additional cases and determine possible exposures to Bacillus anthracis. Surveillance was enhanced through health-care facilities, laboratories, and other means to identify cases, which were defined as clinically compatible illness with laboratory-confirmed B. anthracis infection. From October 4 to November 20, 2001, 22 cases of anthrax (11 inhalational, 11 cutaneous) were identified; 5 of the inhalational cases were fatal. Twenty (91%) case-patients were either mail handlers or were exposed to worksites where contaminated mail was processed or received. B. anthracis isolates from four powder-containing envelopes, 17 specimens from patients, and 106 environmental samples were indistinguishable by molecular subtyping. Illness and death occurred not only at targeted worksites, but also along the path of mail and in other settings. Continued vigilance for cases is needed among health-care providers and members of the public health and law enforcement communities. JF - Emerging infectious diseases AU - Jernigan, Daniel B AU - Raghunathan, Pratima L AU - Bell, Beth P AU - Brechner, Ross AU - Bresnitz, Eddy A AU - Butler, Jay C AU - Cetron, Marty AU - Cohen, Mitch AU - Doyle, Timothy AU - Fischer, Marc AU - Greene, Carolyn AU - Griffith, Kevin S AU - Guarner, Jeannette AU - Hadler, James L AU - Hayslett, James A AU - Meyer, Richard AU - Petersen, Lyle R AU - Phillips, Michael AU - Pinner, Robert AU - Popovic, Tanja AU - Quinn, Conrad P AU - Reefhuis, Jennita AU - Reissman, Dori AU - Rosenstein, Nancy AU - Schuchat, Anne AU - Shieh, Wun-Ju AU - Siegal, Larry AU - Swerdlow, David L AU - Tenover, Fred C AU - Traeger, Marc AU - Ward, John W AU - Weisfuse, Isaac AU - Wiersma, Steven AU - Yeskey, Kevin AU - Zaki, Sherif AU - Ashford, David A AU - Perkins, Bradley A AU - Ostroff, Steve AU - Hughes, James AU - Fleming, David AU - Koplan, Jeffrey P AU - Gerberding, Julie L AU - National Anthrax Epidemiologic Investigation Team AD - Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA 30333, USA. DJernigan@cdc.gov ; National Anthrax Epidemiologic Investigation Team Y1 - 2002/10// PY - 2002 DA - October 2002 SP - 1019 EP - 1028 VL - 8 IS - 10 SN - 1080-6040, 1080-6040 KW - Powders KW - 0 KW - Index Medicus KW - Occupational Exposure KW - Humans KW - Respiratory Tract Infections -- epidemiology KW - Aged KW - Respiratory Tract Infections -- drug therapy KW - Infant KW - Public Health KW - Skin Diseases, Bacterial -- microbiology KW - Adult KW - Epidemiological Monitoring KW - Male KW - Spores, Bacterial -- isolation & purification KW - Respiratory Tract Infections -- prevention & control KW - Skin Diseases, Bacterial -- prevention & control KW - Skin Diseases, Bacterial -- drug therapy KW - Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (U.S.) KW - Respiratory Tract Infections -- mortality KW - Disease Outbreaks KW - Environmental Monitoring KW - Inhalation Exposure KW - Environmental Exposure KW - Antibiotic Prophylaxis KW - Middle Aged KW - Skin Diseases, Bacterial -- epidemiology KW - Postal Service KW - United States -- epidemiology KW - Female KW - Bacillus anthracis -- isolation & purification KW - Anthrax -- epidemiology KW - Bioterrorism -- statistics & numerical data KW - Anthrax -- prevention & control KW - Anthrax -- drug therapy KW - Anthrax -- mortality UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/72521283?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Emerging+infectious+diseases&rft.atitle=Investigation+of+bioterrorism-related+anthrax%2C+United+States%2C+2001%3A+epidemiologic+findings.&rft.au=Jernigan%2C+Daniel+B%3BRaghunathan%2C+Pratima+L%3BBell%2C+Beth+P%3BBrechner%2C+Ross%3BBresnitz%2C+Eddy+A%3BButler%2C+Jay+C%3BCetron%2C+Marty%3BCohen%2C+Mitch%3BDoyle%2C+Timothy%3BFischer%2C+Marc%3BGreene%2C+Carolyn%3BGriffith%2C+Kevin+S%3BGuarner%2C+Jeannette%3BHadler%2C+James+L%3BHayslett%2C+James+A%3BMeyer%2C+Richard%3BPetersen%2C+Lyle+R%3BPhillips%2C+Michael%3BPinner%2C+Robert%3BPopovic%2C+Tanja%3BQuinn%2C+Conrad+P%3BReefhuis%2C+Jennita%3BReissman%2C+Dori%3BRosenstein%2C+Nancy%3BSchuchat%2C+Anne%3BShieh%2C+Wun-Ju%3BSiegal%2C+Larry%3BSwerdlow%2C+David+L%3BTenover%2C+Fred+C%3BTraeger%2C+Marc%3BWard%2C+John+W%3BWeisfuse%2C+Isaac%3BWiersma%2C+Steven%3BYeskey%2C+Kevin%3BZaki%2C+Sherif%3BAshford%2C+David+A%3BPerkins%2C+Bradley+A%3BOstroff%2C+Steve%3BHughes%2C+James%3BFleming%2C+David%3BKoplan%2C+Jeffrey+P%3BGerberding%2C+Julie+L%3BNational+Anthrax+Epidemiologic+Investigation+Team&rft.aulast=Jernigan&rft.aufirst=Daniel&rft.date=2002-10-01&rft.volume=8&rft.issue=10&rft.spage=1019&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Emerging+infectious+diseases&rft.issn=10806040&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 2002-12-27 N1 - Date created - 2002-10-24 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - SuppNotes - Cited By: Emerg Infect Dis. 2002 Oct;8(10):1048-55 [12396914] Am J Hyg. 1960 Jul;72:6-23 [13803672] J Bacteriol. 2000 May;182(10):2928-36 [10781564] MMWR Morb Mortal Wkly Rep. 2001 Oct 19;50(41):889-93 [11686472] MMWR Morb Mortal Wkly Rep. 2001 Oct 26;50(42):909-19 [11699843] MMWR Morb Mortal Wkly Rep. 2001 Nov 9;50(44):973-6 [11724150] MMWR Morb Mortal Wkly Rep. 2001 Nov 9;50(44):987-90 [11724154] MMWR Morb Mortal Wkly Rep. 2001 Nov 16;50(45):1008-10 [11724158] Emerg Infect Dis. 2001 Nov-Dec;7(6):933-44 [11747719] MMWR Morb Mortal Wkly Rep. 2001 Dec 7;50(48):1077-9 [11770501] MMWR Morb Mortal Wkly Rep. 2001 Aug 17;50(32):677-80 [11785567] JAMA. 2002 Jan 23-30;287(4):445-6 [11824387] Am J Med. 2002 Jan;112(1):4-12; discussion 2-3 [11812400] JAMA. 2002 Feb 20;287(7):863-8 [11851578] JAMA. 2002 Feb 20;287(7):898-900 [11851584] Science. 2002 Mar 8;295(5561):1861 [11884746] MMWR Morb Mortal Wkly Rep. 2002 Apr 5;51(13):279-81 [11952281] JAMA. 2002 May 1;287(17):2236-52 [11980524] Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 2002 May 14;99(10):7027-32 [12011462] J Clin Microbiol. 2002 Jun;40(6):1902-7 [12037041] Emerg Infect Dis. 2002 Oct;8(10):1029-34 [12396910] Emerg Infect Dis. 2002 Oct;8(10):1039-43 [12396912] Emerg Infect Dis. 2002 Oct;8(10):1103-10 [12396924] Emerg Infect Dis. 2002 Oct;8(10):1111-6 [12396925] Emerg Infect Dis. 2002 Oct;8(10):1133-7 [12396928] Emerg Infect Dis. 2002 Oct;8(10):1138-44 [12396929] Hum Pathol. 1978 Sep;9(5):594-7 [101438] Ann N Y Acad Sci. 1980;353:83-93 [7013615] Science. 1994 Nov 18;266(5188):1202-8 [7973702] MMWR Morb Mortal Wkly Rep. 1999 Feb 5;48(4):69-74 [10023627] JAMA. 1999 May 12;281(18):1735-45 [10328075] J Appl Microbiol. 1999 Aug;87(2):237-40 [10475956] Emerg Infect Dis. 2002 Oct;8(10):1073-7 [12396918] N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Bioterrorism-related anthrax: international response by the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. AN - 72518889; 12396915 AB - After reports of the intentional release of Bacillus anthracis in the United States, epidemiologists, laboratorians, and clinicians around the world were called upon to respond to widespread political and public concerns. To respond to inquiries from other countries regarding anthrax and bioterrorism, the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention established an international team in its Emergency Operations Center. From October 12, 2001, to January 2, 2002, this team received 130 requests from 70 countries and 2 territories. Requests originated from ministries of health, international organizations, and physicians and included subjects ranging from laboratory procedures and clinical evaluations to assessments of environmental and occupational health risks. The information and technical support provided by the international team helped allay fears, prevent unnecessary antibiotic treatment, and enhance laboratory-based surveillance for bioterrorism events worldwide. JF - Emerging infectious diseases AU - Polyak, Christina S AU - Macy, Jonathan T AU - Irizarry-De La Cruz, Margarita AU - Lai, James E AU - McAuliffe, Jay F AU - Popovic, Tanja AU - Pillai, Segaran P AU - Mintz, Eric D AU - Emergency Operations Center International Team AD - Centers for Desease Control and Prevention , Atlanta, Georgia 30333, USA. cpolyak@cdc.gov ; Emergency Operations Center International Team Y1 - 2002/10// PY - 2002 DA - October 2002 SP - 1056 EP - 1059 VL - 8 IS - 10 SN - 1080-6040, 1080-6040 KW - Index Medicus KW - United States KW - Occupational Exposure KW - Bacillus anthracis -- isolation & purification KW - World Health Organization -- organization & administration KW - Disease Notification -- statistics & numerical data KW - Humans KW - Environmental Exposure KW - Bacillus anthracis -- classification KW - Disease Notification -- methods KW - Anthrax -- diagnosis KW - Anthrax -- epidemiology KW - International Cooperation KW - Bioterrorism -- statistics & numerical data KW - Anthrax -- microbiology KW - Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (U.S.) -- organization & administration KW - Population Surveillance -- methods UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/72518889?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Emerging+infectious+diseases&rft.atitle=Bioterrorism-related+anthrax%3A+international+response+by+the+Centers+for+Disease+Control+and+Prevention.&rft.au=Polyak%2C+Christina+S%3BMacy%2C+Jonathan+T%3BIrizarry-De+La+Cruz%2C+Margarita%3BLai%2C+James+E%3BMcAuliffe%2C+Jay+F%3BPopovic%2C+Tanja%3BPillai%2C+Segaran+P%3BMintz%2C+Eric+D%3BEmergency+Operations+Center+International+Team&rft.aulast=Polyak&rft.aufirst=Christina&rft.date=2002-10-01&rft.volume=8&rft.issue=10&rft.spage=1056&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Emerging+infectious+diseases&rft.issn=10806040&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 2002-12-27 N1 - Date created - 2002-10-24 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - SuppNotes - Cited By: Lancet. 2000 Sep 30;356(9236):1179-82 [11030310] Euro Surveill. 2001 Nov;6(11):159-66 [11891386] MMWR Morb Mortal Wkly Rep. 2001 Nov 16;50(45):1008-10 [11724158] MMWR Morb Mortal Wkly Rep. 2001 Nov 9;50(44):987-90 [11724154] N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Anthrax postexposure prophylaxis in postal workers, Connecticut, 2001. AN - 72518702; 12396928 AB - After inhalational anthrax was diagnosed in a Connecticut woman on November 20, 2001, postexposure prophylaxis was recommended for postal workers at the regional mail facility serving the patient's area. Although environmental testing at the facility yielded negative results, subsequent testing confirmed the presence of Bacillus anthracis. We distributed questionnaires to 100 randomly selected postal workers within 20 days of initial prophylaxis. Ninety-four workers obtained antibiotics, 68 of whom started postexposure prophylaxis, and of these, 21 discontinued. Postal workers who never started or stopped taking prophylaxis cited as reasons disbelief regarding anthrax exposure, problems with adverse events, and initial reports of negative cultures. Postal workers with adverse events reported predominant symptoms of gastrointestinal distress and headache. The influence of these concerns on adherence suggests that communication about risks of acquiring anthrax, education about adverse events, and careful management of adverse events are essential elements in increasing adherence. JF - Emerging infectious diseases AU - Williams, Jennifer L AU - Noviello, Stephanie S AU - Griffith, Kevin S AU - Wurtzel, Heather AU - Hamborsky, Jennifer AU - Perz, Joseph F AU - Williams, Ian T AU - Hadler, James L AU - Swerdlow, David L AU - Ridzon, Renee AD - Centers for Desease Control and Prevention , Atlanta, Georgia 30333, USA. znv8@cdc.gov Y1 - 2002/10// PY - 2002 DA - October 2002 SP - 1133 EP - 1137 VL - 8 IS - 10 SN - 1080-6040, 1080-6040 KW - Anti-Bacterial Agents KW - 0 KW - Anti-Infective Agents KW - Ciprofloxacin KW - 5E8K9I0O4U KW - Doxycycline KW - N12000U13O KW - Index Medicus KW - Bacillus anthracis -- isolation & purification KW - Humans KW - Anti-Bacterial Agents -- adverse effects KW - Ciprofloxacin -- therapeutic use KW - Ciprofloxacin -- adverse effects KW - Aged KW - Doxycycline -- administration & dosage KW - Anti-Infective Agents -- therapeutic use KW - Ciprofloxacin -- administration & dosage KW - Anti-Infective Agents -- adverse effects KW - Patient Compliance KW - Adult KW - Anti-Bacterial Agents -- administration & dosage KW - Adolescent KW - Male KW - Anti-Bacterial Agents -- therapeutic use KW - Doxycycline -- adverse effects KW - Connecticut KW - Environmental Monitoring KW - Risk Factors KW - Inhalation Exposure KW - Surveys and Questionnaires KW - Anti-Infective Agents -- administration & dosage KW - Middle Aged KW - Female KW - Doxycycline -- therapeutic use KW - Occupational Exposure KW - Antibiotic Prophylaxis KW - Anthrax -- prevention & control KW - Postal Service KW - Bioterrorism KW - Anthrax -- drug therapy UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/72518702?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Emerging+infectious+diseases&rft.atitle=Anthrax+postexposure+prophylaxis+in+postal+workers%2C+Connecticut%2C+2001.&rft.au=Williams%2C+Jennifer+L%3BNoviello%2C+Stephanie+S%3BGriffith%2C+Kevin+S%3BWurtzel%2C+Heather%3BHamborsky%2C+Jennifer%3BPerz%2C+Joseph+F%3BWilliams%2C+Ian+T%3BHadler%2C+James+L%3BSwerdlow%2C+David+L%3BRidzon%2C+Renee&rft.aulast=Williams&rft.aufirst=Jennifer&rft.date=2002-10-01&rft.volume=8&rft.issue=10&rft.spage=1133&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Emerging+infectious+diseases&rft.issn=10806040&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 2002-12-27 N1 - Date created - 2002-10-24 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - SuppNotes - Cited By: J Infect Dis. 1993 May;167(5):1239-43 [8486963] Emerg Infect Dis. 1999 Jul-Aug;5(4):552-5 [10458964] MMWR Morb Mortal Wkly Rep. 2001 Oct 19;50(41):889-93 [11686472] MMWR Morb Mortal Wkly Rep. 2001 Nov 9;50(44):987-90 [11724154] Emerg Infect Dis. 2002 Oct;8(10):1083-7 [12396920] MMWR Morb Mortal Wkly Rep. 2001 Nov 30;50(47):1049-51 [11808925] MMWR Morb Mortal Wkly Rep. 2001 Nov 30;50(47):1051-4 [11808926] JAMA. 2002 Feb 20;287(7):863-8 [11851578] MMWR Morb Mortal Wkly Rep. 2001 Dec 7;50(48):1077-9 [11770501] N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Opening a bacillus anthracis-containing envelope, Capitol Hill, Washington, D.C.: the public health response. AN - 72518622; 12396912 AB - On October 15, 2001, a U.S. Senate staff member opened an envelope containing Bacillus anthracis spores. Chemoprophylaxis was promptly initiated and nasal swabs obtained for all persons in the immediate area. An epidemiologic investigation was conducted to define exposure areas and identify persons who should receive prolonged chemoprophylaxis, based on their exposure risk. Persons immediately exposed to B. anthracis spores were interviewed; records were reviewed to identify additional persons in this area. Persons with positive nasal swabs had repeat swabs and serial serologic evaluation to measure antibodies to B. anthracis protective antigen (anti-PA). A total of 625 persons were identified as requiring prolonged chemoprophylaxis; 28 had positive nasal swabs. Repeat nasal swabs were negative at 7 days; none had developed anti-PA antibodies by 42 days after exposure. Early nasal swab testing is a useful epidemiologic tool to assess risk of exposure to aerosolized B. anthracis. Early, wide chemoprophylaxis may have averted an outbreak of anthrax in this population. JF - Emerging infectious diseases AU - Hsu, Vincent P AU - Lukacs, Susan L AU - Handzel, Thomas AU - Hayslett, James AU - Harper, Scott AU - Hales, Thomas AU - Semenova, Vera A AU - Romero-Steiner, Sandra AU - Elie, Cheryl AU - Quinn, Conrad P AU - Khabbaz, Rima AU - Khan, Ali S AU - Martin, Gregory AU - Eisold, John AU - Schuchat, Anne AU - Hajjeh, Rana A AD - Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA 30333, USA. vhsu@cdc.gov Y1 - 2002/10// PY - 2002 DA - October 2002 SP - 1039 EP - 1043 VL - 8 IS - 10 SN - 1080-6040, 1080-6040 KW - Index Medicus KW - United States KW - District of Columbia KW - Equipment Contamination KW - Risk Factors KW - Inhalation Exposure KW - Humans KW - Nasopharynx -- microbiology KW - Environmental Exposure KW - Antibiotic Prophylaxis KW - Workplace KW - Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (U.S.) -- organization & administration KW - Nasal Mucosa -- microbiology KW - Bacillus anthracis -- isolation & purification KW - Anthrax -- diagnosis KW - Anthrax -- epidemiology KW - Public Health -- methods KW - Anthrax -- prevention & control KW - Bioterrorism KW - Anthrax -- drug therapy UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/72518622?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Emerging+infectious+diseases&rft.atitle=Opening+a+bacillus+anthracis-containing+envelope%2C+Capitol+Hill%2C+Washington%2C+D.C.%3A+the+public+health+response.&rft.au=Hsu%2C+Vincent+P%3BLukacs%2C+Susan+L%3BHandzel%2C+Thomas%3BHayslett%2C+James%3BHarper%2C+Scott%3BHales%2C+Thomas%3BSemenova%2C+Vera+A%3BRomero-Steiner%2C+Sandra%3BElie%2C+Cheryl%3BQuinn%2C+Conrad+P%3BKhabbaz%2C+Rima%3BKhan%2C+Ali+S%3BMartin%2C+Gregory%3BEisold%2C+John%3BSchuchat%2C+Anne%3BHajjeh%2C+Rana+A&rft.aulast=Hsu&rft.aufirst=Vincent&rft.date=2002-10-01&rft.volume=8&rft.issue=10&rft.spage=1039&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Emerging+infectious+diseases&rft.issn=10806040&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 2002-12-27 N1 - Date created - 2002-10-24 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - SuppNotes - Cited By: MMWR Morb Mortal Wkly Rep. 2001 Oct 26;50(42):909-19 [11699843] MMWR Recomm Rep. 2000 Apr 21;49(RR-4):1-14 [10803503] N Engl J Med. 2001 Nov 29;345(22):1607-10 [11704685] JAMA. 2001 Nov 28;286(20):2554-9 [11722269] MMWR Morb Mortal Wkly Rep. 2001 Nov 16;50(45):1014-6 [11724160] Emerg Infect Dis. 2001 Nov-Dec;7(6):933-44 [11747719] JAMA. 2002 Jan 23-30;287(4):445-6 [11824387] JAMA. 2002 Feb 20;287(7):869-74 [11851579] JAMA. 2002 May 1;287(17):2236-52 [11980524] Emerg Infect Dis. 2002 Oct;8(10):1029-34 [12396910] Emerg Infect Dis. 2002 Oct;8(10):1066-72 [12396917] Am J Trop Med Hyg. 1988 Dec;39(6):575-81 [3144920] J Infect Dis. 1989 Oct;160(4):706-10 [2507648] MMWR Morb Mortal Wkly Rep. 1999 Feb 5;48(4):69-74 [10023627] JAMA. 1999 May 12;281(18):1735-45 [10328075] J Infect Dis. 1957 Mar-Apr;100(2):169-71 [13416651] Am J Hyg. 1960 Jul;72:32-7 [14427621] Mil Med. 1999 Dec;164(12):833-7 [10628152] MMWR Morb Mortal Wkly Rep. 2001 Nov 2;50(43):960 [11708594] N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Environmental sampling for spores of Bacillus anthracis. AN - 72517650; 12396920 AB - On November 11, 2001, following the bioterrorism-related anthrax attacks, the U.S. Postal Service collected samples at the Southern Connecticut Processing and Distribution Center; all samples were negative for Bacillus anthracis. After a patient in Connecticut died from inhalational anthrax on November 19, the center was sampled again on November 21 and 25 by using dry and wet swabs. All samples were again negative for B. anthracis. On November 28, guided by information from epidemiologic investigation, we sampled the site extensively with wet wipes and surface vacuum sock samples (using HEPA vacuum). Of 212 samples, 6 (3%) were positive, including one from a highly contaminated sorter. Subsequently B. anthracis was also detected in mail-sorting bins used for the patient's carrier route. These results suggest cross-contaminated mail as a possible source of anthrax for the inhalational anthrax patient in Connecticut. In future such investigations, extensive sampling guided by epidemiologic data is imperative. JF - Emerging infectious diseases AU - Teshale, Eyasu H AU - Painter, John AU - Burr, Gregory A AU - Mead, Paul AU - Wright, Scott V AU - Cseh, Larry F AU - Zabrocki, Ronald AU - Collins, Rick AU - Kelley, Kathy A AU - Hadler, James L AU - Swerdlow, David L AU - Connecticut Anthrax Response Team AD - Centers for Desease Control and Prevention , Atlanta, Georgia 30333, USA. eht4@cdc.gov ; Connecticut Anthrax Response Team Y1 - 2002/10// PY - 2002 DA - October 2002 SP - 1083 EP - 1087 VL - 8 IS - 10 SN - 1080-6040, 1080-6040 KW - Index Medicus KW - Occupational Exposure KW - Inhalation Exposure KW - Humans KW - Connecticut -- epidemiology KW - Epidemiological Monitoring KW - Environmental Monitoring KW - Bacillus anthracis -- isolation & purification KW - Anthrax -- epidemiology KW - Equipment Contamination -- statistics & numerical data KW - Anthrax -- microbiology KW - Postal Service KW - Spores, Bacterial -- isolation & purification UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/72517650?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Emerging+infectious+diseases&rft.atitle=Environmental+sampling+for+spores+of+Bacillus+anthracis.&rft.au=Teshale%2C+Eyasu+H%3BPainter%2C+John%3BBurr%2C+Gregory+A%3BMead%2C+Paul%3BWright%2C+Scott+V%3BCseh%2C+Larry+F%3BZabrocki%2C+Ronald%3BCollins%2C+Rick%3BKelley%2C+Kathy+A%3BHadler%2C+James+L%3BSwerdlow%2C+David+L%3BConnecticut+Anthrax+Response+Team&rft.aulast=Teshale&rft.aufirst=Eyasu&rft.date=2002-10-01&rft.volume=8&rft.issue=10&rft.spage=1083&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Emerging+infectious+diseases&rft.issn=10806040&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 2002-12-27 N1 - Date created - 2002-10-24 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - SuppNotes - Cited By: MMWR Morb Mortal Wkly Rep. 2001 Oct 26;50(42):909-19 [11699843] MMWR Morb Mortal Wkly Rep. 2001 Nov 2;50(43):941-8 [11708591] MMWR Morb Mortal Wkly Rep. 2001 Nov 2;50(43):961 [11708595] Emerg Infect Dis. 2001 Nov-Dec;7(6):933-44 [11747719] Science. 1994 Nov 18;266(5188):1202-8 [7973702] MMWR Morb Mortal Wkly Rep. 2001 Nov 30;50(47):1049-51 [11808925] JAMA. 2002 Jan 23-30;287(4):445-6 [11824387] JAMA. 2002 Feb 20;287(7):863-8 [11851578] MMWR Morb Mortal Wkly Rep. 2001 Dec 7;50(48):1077-9 [11770501] N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Epidemiologic investigations of bioterrorism-related anthrax, New Jersey, 2001. AN - 72517431; 12396914 AB - At least four Bacillus anthracis-containing envelopes destined for New York City and Washington, D.C. were processed at the Trenton Processing and Distribution Center (PDC) on September 18 and October 9, 2001. When cutaneous anthrax was confirmed in a Trenton postal worker, the PDC was closed. Four cutaneous and two inhalational anthrax cases were identified. Five patients were hospitalized; none died. Four were PDC employees; the others handled or received mail processed there. Onset dates occurred in two clusters following envelope processing at the PDC. The attack rate among the 170 employees present when the B. anthracis-containing letters were sorted on October 9 was 1.2%. Of 137 PDC environmental samples, 57 (42%) were positive. Five (10%) of 50 local post offices each yielded one positive sample. Cutaneous or inhalational anthrax developed in four postal employees at a facility where B. anthracis-containing letters were processed. Cross-contaminated mail or equipment was the likely source of infection in two other case-patients with cutaneous anthrax. JF - Emerging infectious diseases AU - Greene, Carolyn M AU - Reefhuis, Jennita AU - Tan, Christina AU - Fiore, Anthony E AU - Goldstein, Susan AU - Beach, Michael J AU - Redd, Stephen C AU - Valiante, David AU - Burr, Gregory AU - Buehler, James AU - Pinner, Robert W AU - Bresnitz, Eddy AU - Bell, Beth P AU - CDC New Jersey Anthrax Investigation Team. Centers for Desease Control and Prevention AD - Centers for Desease Control and Prevention , Atlanta, Georgia 30333, USA. cqg4@cdc.gov ; CDC New Jersey Anthrax Investigation Team. Centers for Desease Control and Prevention Y1 - 2002/10// PY - 2002 DA - October 2002 SP - 1048 EP - 1055 VL - 8 IS - 10 SN - 1080-6040, 1080-6040 KW - Index Medicus KW - Skin Diseases, Bacterial -- drug therapy KW - Equipment Contamination KW - Humans KW - Respiratory Tract Infections -- epidemiology KW - Workplace KW - Skin Diseases, Bacterial -- diagnosis KW - Respiratory Tract Infections -- drug therapy KW - Disease Outbreaks KW - Respiratory Tract Infections -- diagnosis KW - Demography KW - District of Columbia KW - Respiratory Tract Infections -- microbiology KW - New Jersey -- epidemiology KW - Inhalation Exposure KW - Skin Diseases, Bacterial -- microbiology KW - Adult KW - Skin Diseases, Bacterial -- epidemiology KW - Antibiotic Prophylaxis KW - Epidemiological Monitoring KW - Middle Aged KW - Postal Service KW - Female KW - Male KW - Environmental Monitoring KW - Anthrax -- diagnosis KW - Anthrax -- epidemiology KW - Bioterrorism -- statistics & numerical data KW - Anthrax -- microbiology KW - Anthrax -- drug therapy UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/72517431?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Emerging+infectious+diseases&rft.atitle=Epidemiologic+investigations+of+bioterrorism-related+anthrax%2C+New+Jersey%2C+2001.&rft.au=Greene%2C+Carolyn+M%3BReefhuis%2C+Jennita%3BTan%2C+Christina%3BFiore%2C+Anthony+E%3BGoldstein%2C+Susan%3BBeach%2C+Michael+J%3BRedd%2C+Stephen+C%3BValiante%2C+David%3BBurr%2C+Gregory%3BBuehler%2C+James%3BPinner%2C+Robert+W%3BBresnitz%2C+Eddy%3BBell%2C+Beth+P%3BCDC+New+Jersey+Anthrax+Investigation+Team.+Centers+for+Desease+Control+and+Prevention&rft.aulast=Greene&rft.aufirst=Carolyn&rft.date=2002-10-01&rft.volume=8&rft.issue=10&rft.spage=1048&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Emerging+infectious+diseases&rft.issn=10806040&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 2002-12-27 N1 - Date created - 2002-10-24 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - SuppNotes - Cited By: J Bacteriol. 2000 May;182(10):2928-36 [10781564] Lancet. 2000 Sep 30;356(9236):1179-82 [11030310] MMWR Morb Mortal Wkly Rep. 2001 Oct 19;50(41):889-93 [11686472] MMWR Morb Mortal Wkly Rep. 2001 Oct 26;50(42):909-19 [11699843] J Appl Microbiol. 1999 Aug;87(2):237-40 [10475956] Emerg Infect Dis. 2001 Nov-Dec;7(6):933-44 [11747719] Emerg Infect Dis. 2002 Oct;8(10):1044-7 [12396913] Emerg Infect Dis. 2002 Oct;8(10):1073-7 [12396918] Diagn Microbiol Infect Dis. 1992 May-Jun;15(4 Suppl):103S-109S [1617921] MMWR Morb Mortal Wkly Rep. 2001 Nov 2;50(43):941-8 [11708591] N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - A two-component direct fluorescent-antibody assay for rapid identification of Bacillus anthracis. AN - 72517057; 12396916 AB - A two-component direct fluorescent-antibody (DFA) assay, using fluorescein-labeled monoclonal antibodies specific to the Bacillus anthracis cell wall (CW-DFA) and capsule (CAP-DFA) antigens, was evaluated and validated for rapid identification of B. anthracis. We analyzed 230 B. anthracis isolates; 228 and 229 were positive by CW-DFA and CAP-DFA assays, respectively. We also tested 56 non-B. anthracis strains; 10 B. cereus and 2 B. thuringiensis were positive by the CW-DFA assay, and 1 B. megaterium strain was positive by CAP-DFA. Analysis of the combined DFA results identified 227 of 230 B. anthracis isolates; all 56 strains of the other Bacillus spp. were negative. Both DFA assays tested positive on 14 of 26 aging clinical specimens from the 2001 anthrax outbreak investigation. The two-component DFA assay is a sensitive, specific, and rapid confirmatory test for B. anthracis in cultures and may be useful directly on clinical specimens. JF - Emerging infectious diseases AU - De, Barun K AU - Bragg, Sandra L AU - Sanden, Gary N AU - Wilson, Kathy E AU - Diem, Lois A AU - Marston, Chung K AU - Hoffmaster, Alex R AU - Barnett, Gwen A AU - Weyant, Robbin S AU - Abshire, Teresa G AU - Ezzell, John W AU - Popovic, Tanja AD - Centers for Desease Control and Prevention , Atlanta, Georgia 30333, USA. bkd1@cdc.gov Y1 - 2002/10// PY - 2002 DA - October 2002 SP - 1060 EP - 1065 VL - 8 IS - 10 SN - 1080-6040, 1080-6040 KW - Antibodies, Monoclonal KW - 0 KW - Antigens, Bacterial KW - Index Medicus KW - Sensitivity and Specificity KW - Environmental Monitoring KW - Anthrax -- veterinary KW - Anthrax -- diagnosis KW - Animals KW - Cattle KW - Cell Wall -- immunology KW - Bacterial Capsules -- immunology KW - Humans KW - Antigens, Bacterial -- immunology KW - Anthrax -- microbiology KW - Antibodies, Monoclonal -- immunology KW - Bacillus anthracis -- isolation & purification KW - Fluorescent Antibody Technique -- methods KW - Bacillus anthracis -- classification KW - Bacillus anthracis -- immunology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/72517057?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Emerging+infectious+diseases&rft.atitle=A+two-component+direct+fluorescent-antibody+assay+for+rapid+identification+of+Bacillus+anthracis.&rft.au=De%2C+Barun+K%3BBragg%2C+Sandra+L%3BSanden%2C+Gary+N%3BWilson%2C+Kathy+E%3BDiem%2C+Lois+A%3BMarston%2C+Chung+K%3BHoffmaster%2C+Alex+R%3BBarnett%2C+Gwen+A%3BWeyant%2C+Robbin+S%3BAbshire%2C+Teresa+G%3BEzzell%2C+John+W%3BPopovic%2C+Tanja&rft.aulast=De&rft.aufirst=Barun&rft.date=2002-10-01&rft.volume=8&rft.issue=10&rft.spage=1060&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Emerging+infectious+diseases&rft.issn=10806040&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 2002-12-27 N1 - Date created - 2002-10-24 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - SuppNotes - Cited By: Lancet. 2000 Sep 30;356(9236):1179-82 [11030310] J Hyg Epidemiol Microbiol Immunol. 1964;8:111-9 [14128970] Emerg Infect Dis. 2001 Nov-Dec;7(6):933-44 [11747719] JAMA. 2002 Feb 20;287(7):858-62 [11851577] J Bacteriol. 2000 May;182(10):2928-36 [10781564] Appl Environ Microbiol. 2000 Jun;66(6):2627-30 [10831447] JAMA. 2002 Feb 20;287(7):863-8 [11851578] Emerg Infect Dis. 2002 Oct;8(10):1178-82 [12396935] Infect Immun. 1988 Feb;56(2):349-56 [3123387] J Appl Bacteriol. 1989 May;66(5):419-32 [2502530] J Clin Microbiol. 1990 Feb;28(2):223-31 [2107201] J Bacteriol. 1995 Feb;177(3):614-20 [7836294] JAMA. 1997 Aug 6;278(5):412-7 [9244333] Arch Intern Med. 1998 Mar 9;158(5):429-34 [9508220] JAMA. 1999 May 12;281(18):1735-45 [10328075] J Appl Microbiol. 1999 Aug;87(2):251-5 [10475960] Clin Microbiol Rev. 2001 Apr;14(2):364-81 [11292643] N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - HIV incidence in the United States, 1978-1999. AN - 72512330; 12394798 AB - HIV incidence measurements, which reflect recent or current transmission, are valuable for monitoring the epidemic and evaluating prevention programs. To summarize HIV incidence patterns and trends in U.S. population groups. Publications in English from 1980 through mid-2000. STUDY SELECTION AND STATISTICAL METHODS: We searched the literature for reports of HIV incidence in the United States. Locally weighted scatterplot smoothing was used to generate smooth curves to estimate trends in incidence. Spearman rank correlation was used to estimate the correlation coefficient between prevalence and incidence. In 74 eligible reports, HIV incidence varied widely (0.002-19.8 per 100 person-years [py]) depending on risk group. Among men who have sex with men (MSM), HIV incidence peaked in the early 1980s (5-20/100 py) and then declined but remained high during the 1990s (2-4/100 py). Among injection drug users (IDUs), incidence decreased since the mid-1980s but differed by geographic area; in the 1990s, incidence remained high in the East (1-3/100 py) but was lower in the West (<0.5/100 py). Throughout the late 1980s and 1990s, incidence was low and stable in broader populations (blood donors: <0.01/100 py; military personnel: 0.01-0.07/100 py). The correlation between HIV incidence and prevalence was strong in populations with a prevalence less than 1% (r = 0.94, p<.0001), moderate in populations with a prevalence from 1% to less than 10% (r = 0.57, p<.0001), and weak in populations with a prevalence at least 10% (r = 0.23, p=.09). HIV prevention in the United States should continue to focus on MSM and IDUs. HIV incidence measurements should be considered for monitoring HIV transmission in MSM, IDUs, and other populations in which seroprevalence is high. JF - Journal of acquired immune deficiency syndromes (1999) AU - Vu, Minh Quan AU - Steketee, Richard W AU - Valleroy, Linda AU - Weinstock, Hillard AU - Karon, John AU - Janssen, Robert AD - Division of HIV/AIDS Prevention, National Centre for HIV, STD, and TB Prevention, Epidemic Intelligence Service, Epidemiology Program Office, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia 30333, USA. VQuan@cdc.gov Y1 - 2002/10/01/ PY - 2002 DA - 2002 Oct 01 SP - 188 EP - 201 VL - 31 IS - 2 SN - 1525-4135, 1525-4135 KW - Index Medicus KW - AIDS/HIV KW - Homosexuality, Male KW - Humans KW - Blood Donors KW - Military Personnel KW - Risk Factors KW - Adult KW - Incidence KW - Adolescent KW - United States -- epidemiology KW - Female KW - Male KW - Prevalence KW - Substance Abuse, Intravenous KW - HIV Infections -- prevention & control KW - HIV Infections -- epidemiology KW - Population Surveillance UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/72512330?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+acquired+immune+deficiency+syndromes+%281999%29&rft.atitle=HIV+incidence+in+the+United+States%2C+1978-1999.&rft.au=Vu%2C+Minh+Quan%3BSteketee%2C+Richard+W%3BValleroy%2C+Linda%3BWeinstock%2C+Hillard%3BKaron%2C+John%3BJanssen%2C+Robert&rft.aulast=Vu&rft.aufirst=Minh&rft.date=2002-10-01&rft.volume=31&rft.issue=2&rft.spage=188&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+acquired+immune+deficiency+syndromes+%281999%29&rft.issn=15254135&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 2002-11-14 N1 - Date created - 2002-10-23 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Youth risk behavior surveillance--United States, 2001. AN - 72192987; 12389372 AB - Priority health-risk behaviors, which contribute to the leading causes of mortality and morbidity among youth and adults, often are established during youth, extend into adulthood, are interrelated, and are preventable. This report covers data during February-December 2001. The Youth Risk Behavior Surveillance System (YRBSS) monitors six categories of priority health-risk behaviors among youth and young adults; these behaviors contribute to unintentional injuries and violence; tobacco use; alcohol and other drug use; sexual behaviors that contribute to unintended pregnancy and sexually transmitted diseases (STDs), including human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection; unhealthy dietary behaviors; and physical inactivity. The YRBSS includes a national school-based survey conducted by CDC as well as state, territorial, and local school-based surveys conducted by education and health agencies. This report summarizes results from the national survey, 34 state surveys, and 18 local surveys conducted among students in grades 9-12 during February-December 2001. In the United States, approximately three-fourths of all deaths among persons aged 10-24 years result from only four causes: motor-vehicle crashes, other unintentional injuries, homicide, and suicide. Results from the 2001 national Youth Risk Behavior Survey demonstrated that numerous high school students engage in behaviors that increase their likelihood of death from these four causes: 14.1% had rarely or never worn a seat belt during the 30 days preceding the survey; 30.7% had ridden with a driver who had been drinking alcohol; 17.4% had carried a weapon during the 30 days preceding the survey; 47.1% had drunk alcohol during the 30 days preceding the survey; 23.9% had used marijuana during the 30 days preceding the survey; and 8.8% had attempted suicide during the 12 months preceding the survey. Substantial morbidity and social problems among young persons also result from unintended pregnancies and STDs, including HIV infection. In 2001, 45.6% of high school students had ever had sexual intercourse; 42.1% of sexually active students had not used a condom at last sexual intercourse; and 2.3% had ever injected an illegal drug. Two-thirds of all deaths among persons aged > or = 25 years result from only two causes: cardiovascular disease and cancer. The majority of risk behaviors associated with these two causes of death are initiated during adolescence. In 2001, 28.5% of high school students had smoked cigarettes during the 30 days preceding the survey; 78.6% had not eaten > or = 5 servings per day of fruits and vegetables during the 7 days preceding the survey; 10.5% were overweight; and 67.8% did not attend physical education class daily. Health and education officials at national, state, and local levels are using these YRBSS data to analyze and improve policies and programs to reduce priority health-risk behaviors among youth. The YRBSS data also are being used to measure progress toward achieving 16 national health objectives for 2010 and 3 of the 10 leading health indicators. JF - The Journal of school health AU - Grunbaum, Jo Anne AU - Kann, Laura AU - Kinchen, Steven A AU - Williams, Barbara AU - Ross, James G AU - Lowry, Richard AU - Kolbe, Lloyd AD - Division of Adolescent and School Health, National Center for Chronic Disease Prevention and Health Promotion, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, 4770, Buford Highway, NE, MS-K33, Atlanta, GA 30341, USA. Y1 - 2002/10// PY - 2002 DA - October 2002 SP - 313 EP - 328 VL - 72 IS - 8 SN - 0022-4391, 0022-4391 KW - Index Medicus KW - Nursing KW - Humans KW - Safety KW - Child KW - Exercise KW - Violence KW - Smoking -- epidemiology KW - Sexual Behavior KW - Adult KW - Diet KW - Adolescent KW - United States -- epidemiology KW - Female KW - Male KW - Substance-Related Disorders -- epidemiology KW - Adolescent Behavior KW - Risk-Taking KW - Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/72192987?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Journal+of+school+health&rft.atitle=Youth+risk+behavior+surveillance--United+States%2C+2001.&rft.au=Grunbaum%2C+Jo+Anne%3BKann%2C+Laura%3BKinchen%2C+Steven+A%3BWilliams%2C+Barbara%3BRoss%2C+James+G%3BLowry%2C+Richard%3BKolbe%2C+Lloyd&rft.aulast=Grunbaum&rft.aufirst=Jo&rft.date=2002-10-01&rft.volume=72&rft.issue=8&rft.spage=313&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=The+Journal+of+school+health&rft.issn=00224391&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 2003-02-06 N1 - Date created - 2002-10-22 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - An assessment of the effect of data collection setting on the prevalence of health risk behaviors among adolescents. AN - 72143300; 12359378 AB - To examine the effect of data collection setting on the prevalence of priority health risk behaviors among adolescents. Analyses were conducted using data from two national probability surveys of adolescents, the 1993 national school-based Youth Risk Behavior Survey (YRBS) and the 1992 household-based National Health Interview Survey (NHIS/YRBS). Forty-two items were worded identically on both surveys. Thirty-nine of the 42 identically worded items (93%) showed that the YRBS produced estimates indicating higher risk than the NHIS. Twenty-four of these comparisons yielded statistically significant differences. The prevalence estimates affected most were those for behaviors that are either illegal or socially stigmatized. School-based surveys produce higher prevalence estimates for adolescent health risk behaviors than do household-based surveys. Each has advantages and disadvantages, and both can play a role in assessing these behaviors. JF - The Journal of adolescent health : official publication of the Society for Adolescent Medicine AU - Kann, Laura AU - Brener, Nancy D AU - Warren, Charles W AU - Collins, Janet L AU - Giovino, Gary A AD - Division of Adolescent and School Health, National Center for Chronic Disease Prevention and Health Promotion, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia 30341, USA. lkk1@cdc.gov Y1 - 2002/10// PY - 2002 DA - October 2002 SP - 327 EP - 335 VL - 31 IS - 4 SN - 1054-139X, 1054-139X KW - Index Medicus KW - Violence -- statistics & numerical data KW - Humans KW - Confidentiality KW - Exercise KW - Feeding Behavior KW - Sexual Behavior KW - Schools KW - Surveys and Questionnaires KW - Adolescent KW - United States -- epidemiology KW - Female KW - Male KW - Substance-Related Disorders -- epidemiology KW - Data Collection -- methods KW - Adolescent Behavior KW - Risk-Taking KW - Health Surveys KW - Health Behavior UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/72143300?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Journal+of+adolescent+health+%3A+official+publication+of+the+Society+for+Adolescent+Medicine&rft.atitle=An+assessment+of+the+effect+of+data+collection+setting+on+the+prevalence+of+health+risk+behaviors+among+adolescents.&rft.au=Kann%2C+Laura%3BBrener%2C+Nancy+D%3BWarren%2C+Charles+W%3BCollins%2C+Janet+L%3BGiovino%2C+Gary+A&rft.aulast=Kann&rft.aufirst=Laura&rft.date=2002-10-01&rft.volume=31&rft.issue=4&rft.spage=327&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=The+Journal+of+adolescent+health+%3A+official+publication+of+the+Society+for+Adolescent+Medicine&rft.issn=1054139X&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 2002-12-04 N1 - Date created - 2002-10-02 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Role of tumor necrosis factor in toluene diisocyanate asthma. AN - 72138637; 12356572 AB - Nearly 9 million workers are exposed to chemical agents associated with occupational asthma, with isocyanates representing the chemical class most responsible. Isocyanate-induced asthma has been difficult to diagnose and control, in part because the biologic mechanisms responsible for the disease and the determinants of exposure have not been well defined. Isocyanate-induced asthma is characterized by airway inflammation, and we hypothesized that inflammation is a prerequisite of isocyanate-induced asthma, with tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-alpha being critical to this process. To explore this hypothesis, wild-type mice, athymic mice, TNF-alpha receptor knockout (TNFR), and anti-TNF-alpha antibody-treated mice were sensitized by subcutaneous injection (20 micro l on Day 1; 5 micro l, Days 4 and 11), and challenged 7 d later by inhalation (100 ppb; Days 20, 22, and 24) with toluene diisocyanate (TDI). Airway inflammation, goblet cell metaplasia, epithelial cell damage, and nonspecific airway reactivity to methacholine challenge, measured 24 h following the last challenge, were reduced to baseline levels in TNF-alpha null mice and athymic mice. TNF-alpha deficiency also markedly abrogated TDI-induced Th2 cytokines in airway tissues, indicating a role in the development of Th2 responses. Despite abrogation of all indicators of asthma pathology, TNF-alpha neutralization had no effect on serum IgE levels or IgG-specific TDI antibodies, suggesting the lack of importance of a humoral response in the manifestation of TDI-induced asthma. Instillation studies with fluorescein-conjugated isothiocyanate and TDI suggested that TNF-alpha deficiency also resulted in a significant reduction in the migration of airway dendritic cells to the draining lymph nodes. Taken together, these results suggest that, unlike protein antigens, TNF-alpha has multiple and central roles in TDI-induced asthma, influencing both nonspecific inflammatory processes and specific immune events. JF - American journal of respiratory cell and molecular biology AU - Matheson, Joanna M AU - Lemus, Ranulfo AU - Lange, Robert W AU - Karol, Meryl H AU - Luster, Michael I AD - Toxicology and Molecular Biology Branch, Health Effects Laboratory Division, National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, Morgantown, West Virginia 26505, USA. yzm9@cdc.gov Y1 - 2002/10// PY - 2002 DA - October 2002 SP - 396 EP - 405 VL - 27 IS - 4 SN - 1044-1549, 1044-1549 KW - Allergens KW - 0 KW - Antigens, CD KW - Antigens, CD86 KW - Cd86 protein, mouse KW - Cytokines KW - Immunoglobulin G KW - Membrane Glycoproteins KW - Receptors, Tumor Necrosis Factor KW - Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha KW - Methacholine Chloride KW - 0W5ETF9M2K KW - Toluene 2,4-Diisocyanate KW - 17X7AFZ1GH KW - Interleukin-4 KW - 207137-56-2 KW - Immunoglobulin E KW - 37341-29-0 KW - 2,6-diisocyanatotoluene KW - 78243HXH5O KW - Interferon-gamma KW - 82115-62-6 KW - Ribonucleases KW - EC 3.1.- KW - Index Medicus KW - Occupational Exposure KW - Antigens, CD -- biosynthesis KW - Methacholine Chloride -- pharmacology KW - Animals KW - Dose-Response Relationship, Drug KW - Cytokines -- biosynthesis KW - Lymph Nodes -- pathology KW - Mice KW - Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction KW - Mice, Transgenic KW - Ribonucleases -- metabolism KW - Mice, Knockout KW - Immunoglobulin E -- metabolism KW - Interleukin-4 -- metabolism KW - Membrane Glycoproteins -- biosynthesis KW - Mice, Inbred C57BL KW - Interferon-gamma -- metabolism KW - Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay KW - Flow Cytometry KW - Immunoglobulin G -- metabolism KW - Time Factors KW - Receptors, Tumor Necrosis Factor -- genetics KW - Female KW - Toluene 2,4-Diisocyanate -- adverse effects KW - Asthma -- chemically induced KW - Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha -- metabolism UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/72138637?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=American+journal+of+respiratory+cell+and+molecular+biology&rft.atitle=Role+of+tumor+necrosis+factor+in+toluene+diisocyanate+asthma.&rft.au=Matheson%2C+Joanna+M%3BLemus%2C+Ranulfo%3BLange%2C+Robert+W%3BKarol%2C+Meryl+H%3BLuster%2C+Michael+I&rft.aulast=Matheson&rft.aufirst=Joanna&rft.date=2002-10-01&rft.volume=27&rft.issue=4&rft.spage=396&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=American+journal+of+respiratory+cell+and+molecular+biology&rft.issn=10441549&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 2002-11-12 N1 - Date created - 2002-10-01 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Integration of DNA sample collection into a multi-site birth defects case-control study. AN - 72134027; 12353214 AB - Advances in quantitative analysis and molecular genotyping have provided unprecedented opportunities to add biological sampling and genetic information to epidemiologic studies. The purpose of this article is to describe the incorporation of DNA sample collection into the National Birth Defects Prevention Study (NBDPS), an ongoing case-control study in an eight-state consortium with a primary goal to identify risk factors for birth defects. Babies with birth defects are identified through birth defects surveillance systems in the eight participating centers. Cases are infants with one or more of over 30 major birth defects. Controls are infants without defects from the same geographic area. Epidemiologic information is collected through an hour-long interview with mothers of both cases and controls. We added the collection of buccal cytobrush DNA samples for case-infants, control-infants, and their parents to this study. We describe here the methods by which the samples have been collected and processed, establishment of a centralized resource for DNA banking, and quality control, database management, access, informed consent, and confidentiality issues. Biological sampling and genetic analyses are important components to epidemiologic studies of birth defects aimed at identifying risk factors. The DNA specimens collected in this study can be used for detection of mutations, study of polymorphic variants that confer differential susceptibility to teratogens, and examination of interactions among genetic risk factors. Information on the methods used and issues faced by the NBDPS may be of value to others considering the addition of DNA sampling to epidemiologic studies. JF - Teratology AU - Rasmussen, Sonja A AU - Lammer, Edward J AU - Shaw, Gary M AU - Finnell, Richard H AU - McGehee, Robert E AU - Gallagher, Margaret AU - Romitti, Paul A AU - Murray, Jeffrey C AU - National Birth Defects Prevention Study AD - National Center on Birth Defects and Developmental Disabilities, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia 30341, USA. ; National Birth Defects Prevention Study Y1 - 2002/10// PY - 2002 DA - October 2002 SP - 177 EP - 184 VL - 66 IS - 4 SN - 0040-3709, 0040-3709 KW - DNA KW - 9007-49-2 KW - Index Medicus KW - Multicenter Studies as Topic KW - Databases as Topic KW - Humans KW - Mothers KW - Infant, Newborn KW - Fathers KW - Genotype KW - Risk Factors KW - Case-Control Studies KW - Interviews as Topic KW - Data Collection KW - Female KW - Male KW - Registries KW - DNA -- analysis KW - Congenital Abnormalities -- epidemiology KW - Congenital Abnormalities -- genetics KW - Neonatal Screening -- methods UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/72134027?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Teratology&rft.atitle=Integration+of+DNA+sample+collection+into+a+multi-site+birth+defects+case-control+study.&rft.au=Rasmussen%2C+Sonja+A%3BLammer%2C+Edward+J%3BShaw%2C+Gary+M%3BFinnell%2C+Richard+H%3BMcGehee%2C+Robert+E%3BGallagher%2C+Margaret%3BRomitti%2C+Paul+A%3BMurray%2C+Jeffrey+C%3BNational+Birth+Defects+Prevention+Study&rft.aulast=Rasmussen&rft.aufirst=Sonja&rft.date=2002-10-01&rft.volume=66&rft.issue=4&rft.spage=177&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Teratology&rft.issn=00403709&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 2003-03-12 N1 - Date created - 2002-09-27 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Bacterial contamination of animal feed and its relationship to human foodborne illness. AN - 72085898; 12228823 AB - Animal feed is at the beginning of the food safety chain in the "farm-to-fork" model. The emergence of variant Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease has raised awareness of the importance of contaminated animal feed, but less attention has been paid to the role of bacterial contamination of animal feed in human foodborne illness. In the United States, animal feed is frequently contaminated with non-Typhi serotypes of Salmonella enterica and may lead to infection or colonization of food animals. These bacteria can contaminate animal carcasses at slaughter or cross-contaminate other food items, leading to human illness. Although tracing contamination to its ultimate source is difficult, several large outbreaks have been traced back to contaminated animal feed. Improvements in the safety of animal feed should include strengthening the surveillance of animal feed for bacterial contamination and integration of such surveillance with human foodborne disease surveillance systems. A Hazard Analysis and Critical Control Point program should be instituted for the animal feed industry, and a Salmonella-negative policy for feed should be enforced. JF - Clinical infectious diseases : an official publication of the Infectious Diseases Society of America AU - Crump, John A AU - Griffin, Patricia M AU - Angulo, Frederick J AD - Foodborne and Diarrheal Diseases Branch, Division of Bacterial and Mycotic Diseases, National Center for Infectious Diseases, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA 30333, USA. jcrump@cdc.gov Y1 - 2002/10/01/ PY - 2002 DA - 2002 Oct 01 SP - 859 EP - 865 VL - 35 IS - 7 KW - Index Medicus KW - Typhoid Fever -- prevention & control KW - Humans KW - Food Contamination KW - United States -- epidemiology KW - Sweden KW - Meat Products -- microbiology KW - Salmonella enterica KW - Animal Feed -- microbiology KW - Consumer Product Safety -- legislation & jurisprudence KW - Salmonella Infections -- epidemiology KW - Disease Outbreaks UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/72085898?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Clinical+infectious+diseases+%3A+an+official+publication+of+the+Infectious+Diseases+Society+of+America&rft.atitle=Bacterial+contamination+of+animal+feed+and+its+relationship+to+human+foodborne+illness.&rft.au=Crump%2C+John+A%3BGriffin%2C+Patricia+M%3BAngulo%2C+Frederick+J&rft.aulast=Crump&rft.aufirst=John&rft.date=2002-10-01&rft.volume=35&rft.issue=7&rft.spage=859&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Clinical+infectious+diseases+%3A+an+official+publication+of+the+Infectious+Diseases+Society+of+America&rft.issn=1537-6591&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 2002-10-03 N1 - Date created - 2002-09-13 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - SuppNotes - Comment In: Clin Infect Dis. 2003 Apr 1;36(7):933-4; author reply 934-5 [12652398] N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Prevalence of Wife Rape and Other Intimate Partner Sexual Coercion in a Nationally Representative Sample of Women AN - 60465754; 200312525 AB - This article provides a national estimate of wife rape & various other types of sexual coercion by a spouse or intimate partner. Findings from a 1997 national probability sample revealed that 34% of women were victims of some type of sexual coercion with a husband or partner in their lifetime. Of these women, 10% experienced rape by a current partner. This rate increased to 13% when only victims of rape by a current husband were included, which is consistent with previous studies on wife rape. Other findings reveal that women had unwanted sex with a current spouse or partner in return for a partner's spending money on them (24%), because they thought it was their "duty" (43%), after a romantic situation (29%), after the partner begged & pleaded with them (26%), & after their partner said things to bully them (9%). The importance of examining a continuum of sexual coercion is discussed, & findings are compared & contrasted with other prevalence rates for sexual coercion in marriage. 3 Tables, 46 References. Adapted from the source document. JF - Violence and Victims AU - Basile, Kathleen C AD - Division Violence Prevention, Centers Disease Control & Prevention, Atlanta, GA kbasile@cdc.gov Y1 - 2002/10// PY - 2002 DA - October 2002 SP - 511 EP - 524 VL - 17 IS - 5 SN - 0886-6708, 0886-6708 KW - Rape KW - Wives KW - United States of America KW - Females KW - Sexual Coercion KW - article KW - 2190: social problems and social welfare; victimology (rape, family violence, & child abuse) UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/60465754?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Asocabs&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Violence+and+Victims&rft.atitle=Prevalence+of+Wife+Rape+and+Other+Intimate+Partner+Sexual+Coercion+in+a+Nationally+Representative+Sample+of+Women&rft.au=Basile%2C+Kathleen+C&rft.aulast=Basile&rft.aufirst=Kathleen&rft.date=2002-10-01&rft.volume=17&rft.issue=5&rft.spage=511&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Violence+and+Victims&rft.issn=08866708&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - Sociological Abstracts N1 - Date revised - 2007-04-01 N1 - Last updated - 2016-09-28 N1 - CODEN - VIOVEI N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Wives; Rape; Sexual Coercion; Females; United States of America ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Public health addresses racial and ethnic disparities in coronary heart disease in women: perspectives from the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention AN - 19454865; 7232125 JF - Women's Health Issues AU - Mensah, G A AU - Keenan, N L AU - Giles, W H AD - Cardiovascular Health Branch, Division of Adult and Community Health, National Center for Chronic Disease Prevention and Health Promotion, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia, USA Y1 - 2002/10// PY - 2002 DA - Oct 2002 SP - 272 EP - 283 VL - 12 IS - 5 SN - 1049-3867, 1049-3867 KW - Risk Abstracts KW - disease control KW - Public health KW - prevention KW - Cardiovascular diseases KW - Females KW - Ethnic groups KW - R2 23060:Medical and environmental health UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/19454865?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Ariskabstracts&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Women%27s+Health+Issues&rft.atitle=Public+health+addresses+racial+and+ethnic+disparities+in+coronary+heart+disease+in+women%3A+perspectives+from+the+Centers+for+Disease+Control+and+Prevention&rft.au=Mensah%2C+G+A%3BKeenan%2C+N+L%3BGiles%2C+W+H&rft.aulast=Mensah&rft.aufirst=G&rft.date=2002-10-01&rft.volume=12&rft.issue=5&rft.spage=272&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Women%27s+Health+Issues&rft.issn=10493867&rft_id=info:doi/10.1016%2FS1049-3867%2802%2900147-0 LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2007-02-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-14 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - disease control; Ethnic groups; prevention; Public health; Females; Cardiovascular diseases DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S1049-3867(02)00147-0 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Self-reported hand and wrist arthritis and occupation: Data from the U.S. National Health Interview Survey-Occupational Health Supplement AN - 18834815; 5729100 AB - There is a paucity of population-based studies examining occupational hand-wrist arthritis. We examined relationships between hand-wrist arthritis, occupation, and biomechanical exposures in the U.S. National Health Interview Survey-Occupational Health Supplement. A randomized, multi-stage, and cross-sectional national prevalence survey was carried out. Self-reported, medically attended hand-wrist arthritis was common among employed persons (period prevalence 1.58%; lifetime prevalence 3.58%). Highest prevalences occurred among technicians, machine operators, assemblers, and farmers, and in the mining, agriculture, and construction industries. Work requiring repetitive hand bending and twisting was associated with hand-wrist arthritis (Odds Ratio 1.43; 95% CI: 1.11-1.84; P = 0.005). Among workers with hand arthritis, 7.4% had made major changes in their work, 7.6% missed work, and 4.5% stopped working or changed jobs because of the problem. Our study links hand-wrist arthritis to occupation and potentially modifiable workplace ergonomic factors. The spectrum of hand-wrist "cumulative trauma" disorders may considerably exceed that of soft-tissue injuries like carpal tunnel syndrome and tendonitis, and may include arthritis, a widely prevalent, disabling condition. JF - American Journal of Industrial Medicine AU - Dillon, C AU - Petersen, M AU - Tanaka, Shiro AD - National Center for Health Statistics, 6525 Belcrest Road, Room 1000, Hyattsville, MD 20782, USA, cid2@cdc.gov Y1 - 2002/10// PY - 2002 DA - Oct 2002 SP - 318 EP - 327 VL - 42 IS - 4 SN - 0271-3586, 0271-3586 KW - arthritis KW - biomechanics KW - hand KW - wrist KW - Health & Safety Science Abstracts KW - H 1000:Occupational Safety and Health UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/18834815?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Ahealthsafetyabstracts&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=American+Journal+of+Industrial+Medicine&rft.atitle=Self-reported+hand+and+wrist+arthritis+and+occupation%3A+Data+from+the+U.S.+National+Health+Interview+Survey-Occupational+Health+Supplement&rft.au=Dillon%2C+C%3BPetersen%2C+M%3BTanaka%2C+Shiro&rft.aulast=Dillon&rft.aufirst=C&rft.date=2002-10-01&rft.volume=42&rft.issue=4&rft.spage=318&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=American+Journal+of+Industrial+Medicine&rft.issn=02713586&rft_id=info:doi/10.1002%2Fajim.10117 LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ajim.10117 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Longitudinal Analysis of Changes in Indices of Obesity from Age 8 Years to Age 18 Years. Project HeartBeat! AN - 18769900; 5645880 AB - To compare growth patterns of obesity indices derived from body composition and anthropometric measures, the authors analyzed data from Project HeartBeat!, a longitudinal study of cardiovascular disease risk factors in childhood and adolescence. A total of 678 children initially aged 8, 11, and 14 years in The Woodlands and Conroe, Texas, were enrolled and followed with 4-monthly examinations between October 1991 and August 1995. Trajectories of change from age 8 years to age 18 years were estimated for body mass index, percent body fat, abdominal circumference, the sum of two skinfolds, and the sum of six skinfolds. All indices varied importantly with age. Percent body fat, sum of two skinfolds, and sum of six skinfolds shared similar growth patterns, with strong divergence between males and females. Males' body fat decreased with age and females' increased or remained nearly constant with age. In contrast, both body mass index and abdominal circumference increased monotonically with age in both sexes, exhibiting little sex difference as children reached late adolescence. Sex differences were more striking among Blacks than among non-Blacks. The authors conclude that growth patterns of adiposity differ according to the measure chosen. Furthermore, changes in different obesity indices may not relate in the same way to changes in blood pressure or blood lipid concentrations. JF - American Journal of Epidemiology AU - Dai, S AU - Labarthe AU - Grunbaum, JA AU - Harrist, R B AU - Mueller, W H AD - Division of Adult and Community Health, National Center for Chronic Disease Prevention and Health Promotion, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA, USA Y1 - 2002/10// PY - 2002 DA - Oct 2002 SP - 720 EP - 729 VL - 156 IS - 8 SN - 0002-9262, 0002-9262 KW - Physical Education Index KW - PE 030:Exercise, Health & Physical Fitness UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/18769900?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aphysicaleducation&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=American+Journal+of+Epidemiology&rft.atitle=Longitudinal+Analysis+of+Changes+in+Indices+of+Obesity+from+Age+8+Years+to+Age+18+Years.+Project+HeartBeat%21&rft.au=Dai%2C+S%3BLabarthe%3BGrunbaum%2C+JA%3BHarrist%2C+R+B%3BMueller%2C+W+H&rft.aulast=Dai&rft.aufirst=S&rft.date=2002-10-01&rft.volume=156&rft.issue=8&rft.spage=720&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=American+Journal+of+Epidemiology&rft.issn=00029262&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - Physical Education Index N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - African-American children are at risk of a measles outbreak in an inner-city community of Chicago, 2000 AN - 18691997; 5580487 AB - Background: Since the measles resurgence of 1989-1991, which affected predominantly inner-city preschoolers, national vaccination rates have risen to record-high levels, but rates among inner-city, preschool-aged, African-American children lag behind national rates. The threat of measles importations from abroad exists and may be particularly important in large U.S. cities. To stop epidemic transmission, measles vaccination coverage should be at least 80%. Objective: To determine measles vaccination rates and predictors for having received a dose of measles-containing vaccine by age 19 to 35 months among children in an inner-city community of Chicago. Methods: We used a cross-sectional survey with probability proportional to size cluster sampling. Immunization histories from parent-held records and providers were combined to establish a complete vaccination history. Results: A total of 2545 households were contacted, and 170 included a resident child aged 12 to 35 months. Of these, 97% (N=165 children) agreed to participate. Immunization history from a parent or provider was not available for 20 children. Among children aged 19 to 35 months with available immunization histories, 74% received measles vaccine (n=100); of these, 84% received the vaccine as recommended at ages 12 to 15 months. However, when including children without immunization histories, measles coverage levels among children aged 19 to 35 months were 64% (n=114). Among children with records, predictors for receipt of measles vaccine by age 19 to 35 months were possessing a hand-held immunization card (odds ratio [OR]=16.8; 95% confidence interval [CI]=4.2-67.1); utilizing a public health department provider for a usual source of care (OR=8.9; 95% CI=1.6-47.2); and being up-to-date for vaccines at 3 months of age (OR=5.0; 95% CI=1.8-14.1). Conclusions: Optimistically assuming that children without immunization histories are as well immunized as children with immunization histories, the measles vaccination rate among Englewood's children aged 19 to 35 months is too low to maintain immunity (74%). Measles coverage levels lagged behind coverage reported in a national survey in Chicago (86%) and the nation as a whole (92%). Efforts to raise and sustain coverage should be undertaken. JF - American Journal of Preventive Medicine AU - Rosenthal, J AU - Raymond, D AU - Morita, J AU - McCauley, M AU - Diaz, P AU - David, F AU - Rodewald, L AD - CDC, National Immunization Program, 12 Corporate Square Blvd, Room 4203, Mailstop E-52,, Atlanta, GA,, USA 30329, jyr4@cdc.gov Y1 - 2002/10// PY - 2002 DA - Oct 2002 SP - 195 EP - 199 VL - 23 IS - 3 SN - 0749-3797, 0749-3797 KW - Physical Education Index KW - PE 090:Sports Medicine & Exercise Sport Science UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/18691997?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aphysicaleducation&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=American+Journal+of+Preventive+Medicine&rft.atitle=African-American+children+are+at+risk+of+a+measles+outbreak+in+an+inner-city+community+of+Chicago%2C+2000&rft.au=Rosenthal%2C+J%3BRaymond%2C+D%3BMorita%2C+J%3BMcCauley%2C+M%3BDiaz%2C+P%3BDavid%2C+F%3BRodewald%2C+L&rft.aulast=Rosenthal&rft.aufirst=J&rft.date=2002-10-01&rft.volume=23&rft.issue=3&rft.spage=195&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=American+Journal+of+Preventive+Medicine&rft.issn=07493797&rft_id=info:doi/10.1016%2FS0749-3797%2802%2900496-8 LA - English DB - Physical Education Index N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0749-3797(02)00496-8 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Alcohol-exposed pregnancy: Characteristics associated with risk AN - 18684147; 5580486 AB - Background: Prenatal alcohol exposure is a leading cause of neurodevelopmental deficits in children. Women who are fertile, drink alcohol, and have unprotected intercourse are at risk for an alcohol-exposed pregnancy, but little is known about this population. Methods: A survey was administered to 2672 English-speaking women aged 18 to 44 years from six settings, including an urban jail, a drug/alcohol treatment facility, a gynecology clinic, two primary care clinics, and respondents to a media solicitation. Bivariate and multivariate analyses were conducted to explore variables that were correlated with membership in the at-risk group. Results: Most respondents (70%) reported a household income of <$20,000; 68% had a high school or equivalent education; and 62% were African American. A total of 333 women (12.5%) met the a priori definition of "at risk" for an alcohol-exposed pregnancy. Stepwise logistic regression showed that recent drug use (odds ratio [OR]=3.1; 95% confidence interval [CI]=2.1-4.4); having smoked more than 100 cigarettes (OR=1.9, 95% CI=1.3-2.7); a history of inpatient treatment for drugs or alcohol (OR=1.8, 95% CI=1.3-2.4) or inpatient mental health treatment (OR=1.6, 95% CI=1.1-2.3); having multiple sex partners (OR=1.7, 95% CI=1.2-2.2); and recent physical abuse (OR=1.5, 95% CI=1.1-2.0) were significantly correlated with being at risk. Conclusions: It was possible to identify diverse settings with an increased prevalence of women at risk for an alcohol-exposed pregnancy. Within these settings, women at risk were characterized by an increased frequency of selected behaviors. This information may help clinicians develop and target interventions prior to conception. JF - American Journal of Preventive Medicine AU - Floyd, R L AD - Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, NCBDD/FAS, 4770 Buford Hwy, NE, Mailstop F-49,, Atlanta, GA 30341, USA, rlf3@cdc.gov Y1 - 2002/10// PY - 2002 DA - Oct 2002 SP - 166 EP - 173 VL - 23 IS - 3 SN - 0749-3797, 0749-3797 KW - development KW - prenatal experience KW - substance abuse KW - Health & Safety Science Abstracts KW - H 14000:Toxicology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/18684147?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Ahealthsafetyabstracts&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=American+Journal+of+Preventive+Medicine&rft.atitle=Alcohol-exposed+pregnancy%3A+Characteristics+associated+with+risk&rft.au=Floyd%2C+R+L&rft.aulast=Floyd&rft.aufirst=R&rft.date=2002-10-01&rft.volume=23&rft.issue=3&rft.spage=166&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=American+Journal+of+Preventive+Medicine&rft.issn=07493797&rft_id=info:doi/10.1016%2FS0749-3797%2802%2900495-6 LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0749-3797(02)00495-6 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - The Relationship between Blood Lead Levels and Periodontal Bone Loss in the United States, 1988-1994 AN - 18664544; 5550783 AB - An association between bone disease and bone lead has been reported. Studies have suggested that lead stored in bone may adversely affect bone mineral metabolism and blood lead (PbB) levels. However, the relationship between PbB levels and bone loss attributed to periodontal disease has never been reported. In this study we examined the relationship between clinical parameters that characterize bone loss due to periodontal disease and PbB levels in the U.S. population. We used data from the Third National Health and Nutritional Examination Survey (NHANES III), 1988-1994, for the analyses. A total of 10,033 participants 20-69 years of age who completed a periodontal examination and had whole blood tested for lead were examined. Four types of periodontal disease measures were used to indicate oral bone loss: periodontal pocket depth, attachment loss extent, attachment loss severity, and the presence of dental furcations. We found that dental furcations were the best periodontal bone loss indicator for PbB levels (p = 0.005) in a multivariate linear regression model adjusting for sex, age, race/ethnicity, educational attainment, poverty status, smoking, and age of home. Furthermore, after additional modeling, we found a smoking and dental furcation interaction (p = 0.034). Subsequent stratified analyses indicated that current and past smoking is an effect modifier for dental furcations on PbB levels. These findings indicate that increased PbB levels may be associated with advanced periodontal bone loss, particularly among people with a history of smoking. JF - Environmental Health Perspectives AU - Dye, BA AU - Hirsch, R AU - Brody, D J AD - Division of Health Examination Statistics, CDC/National Centers for Health Statistics, 6525 Belcrest Road, Room 900, Hyattsville, MD 20782 USA, bfd1@cdc.gov Y1 - 2002/10// PY - 2002 DA - Oct 2002 SP - 997 EP - 1002 VL - 110 IS - 10 SN - 0091-6765, 0091-6765 KW - man KW - Toxicology Abstracts KW - X 24162:Chronic exposure UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/18664544?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxicologyabstracts&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Environmental+Health+Perspectives&rft.atitle=The+Relationship+between+Blood+Lead+Levels+and+Periodontal+Bone+Loss+in+the+United+States%2C+1988-1994&rft.au=Dye%2C+BA%3BHirsch%2C+R%3BBrody%2C+D+J&rft.aulast=Dye&rft.aufirst=BA&rft.date=2002-10-01&rft.volume=110&rft.issue=10&rft.spage=997&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Environmental+Health+Perspectives&rft.issn=00916765&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - The Public Health Consequences From Acute Chlorine Releases, 1993-2000 AN - 18643915; 5551361 AB - Chlorine, a commonly used hazardous substance, can be harmful to human health when improperly released. Data from the Agency for Toxic Substances and Disease Registry's Hazardous Substances Emergency Events Surveillance system were used to conduct a retrospective analysis on the public health consequences from acute chlorine releases in 16 states during 1993 through 2000. There was an overall decline in the number of chlorine events during the period analyzed; however, chlorine events were more likely to result in events with victims, evacuations, and decontaminations when compared with nonchlorine events (relative risk [RR] = 4.5, 95% confidence interval [CI] = 4.1 to 5.0; [RR] = 4.8, CI 4.3 to 5.3; and [RR] = 2.0, CI 1.7 to 2.4, respectively). Most chlorine victims were employees and members of the general public. The predominant symptoms sustained were respiratory and eye irritation. Equipment failure and human error were the most frequent factors leading to an event. Continuous employee training and preventive equipment maintenance can help prevent chlorine releases from occurring and minimize exposure to the general public. JF - Journal of Occupational and Environmental Medicine AU - Horton, D K AU - Berkowitz, Z AU - Kaye, W E AD - Agency for Toxic Substances and Disease Registry, Division of Health Studies/Epidemiology and Surveillance Branch, 1600 Clifton Road NE, Mailstop E-31, Atlanta, GA 30333, USA, dhorton@cdc.gov Y1 - 2002/10// PY - 2002 DA - Oct 2002 SP - 906 EP - 913 VL - 44 IS - 10 SN - 1076-2752, 1076-2752 KW - acute effects KW - man KW - Pollution Abstracts; Health & Safety Science Abstracts; Toxicology Abstracts KW - X 24151:Acute exposure KW - H 12000:Epidemiology and Public Health KW - P 6000:TOXICOLOGY AND HEALTH UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/18643915?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxicologyabstracts&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Occupational+and+Environmental+Medicine&rft.atitle=The+Public+Health+Consequences+From+Acute+Chlorine+Releases%2C+1993-2000&rft.au=Horton%2C+D+K%3BBerkowitz%2C+Z%3BKaye%2C+W+E&rft.aulast=Horton&rft.aufirst=D&rft.date=2002-10-01&rft.volume=44&rft.issue=10&rft.spage=906&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+Occupational+and+Environmental+Medicine&rft.issn=10762752&rft_id=info:doi/10.1097%2F01.jom.0000030991.78799.2e LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/01.jom.0000030991.78799.2e ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Signaling from Toxic Metals to NF- Kappa B and Beyond: Not Just a Matter of Reactive Oxygen Species AN - 18641866; 5550819 AB - The nuclear factor kappa B (NF- Kappa B) family of transcription factors controls expression of a number of early response genes associated with inflammatory responses, cell growth, cell cycle progression, and neoplastic transformation. These genes include a multitude of cytokines, chemokines, adhesion molecules, immune receptors, stress proteins, apoptotic or anti-apoptotic regulators, and several oncogenes. Accumulating evidence indicates that a variety of toxic metals are able to affect the activation or activity of NF- Kappa B, but the molecular mechanisms involved in this process remain largely unknown. The signaling pathways mediating cytokine- or microorganism-induced NF- Kappa B activation have been well established recently. Whether the same signaling systems are involved in metal-induced NF- Kappa B activation, however, is unclear. In the present review, we have attempted to evaluate and update the possible mechanisms of metal signals on the activation and function of NF- Kappa B. JF - Environmental Health Perspectives AU - Chen, F AU - Shi, X AD - PPRB/NIOSH, 1095 Willowdale Rd., Morgantown, WV 26505 USA, lfd3@cdc.gov Y1 - 2002/10// PY - 2002 DA - Oct 2002 SP - 807 EP - 811 VL - 110 SN - 0091-6765, 0091-6765 KW - Toxicology Abstracts KW - X 24250:Reviews UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/18641866?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxicologyabstracts&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Environmental+Health+Perspectives&rft.atitle=Signaling+from+Toxic+Metals+to+NF-+Kappa+B+and+Beyond%3A+Not+Just+a+Matter+of+Reactive+Oxygen+Species&rft.au=Chen%2C+F%3BShi%2C+X&rft.aulast=Chen&rft.aufirst=F&rft.date=2002-10-01&rft.volume=110&rft.issue=&rft.spage=807&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Environmental+Health+Perspectives&rft.issn=00916765&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Ability of the MicroScan Rapid Gram-Negative ID Type 3 Panel To Identify Nonenteric Glucose-Fermenting and Nonfermenting Gram-Negative Bacilli AN - 18491448; 5457563 AB - The MicroScan Rapid Neg ID3 panel is designed for the identification of Enterobacteriaceae and nonenteric glucose-fermenting and nonfermenting gram- negative bacilli. We evaluated this panel for its ability to identify gram- negative non-Enterobacteriaceae bacteria. A total of 134 strains, representing 26 genera and 42 species, were taken from storage at -70 super(o)C, passaged three times before testing, and inoculated into the panels according to the manufacturer's directions before being inserted into a Walk/Away 96 instrument loaded with version 22.28 software. At the end of the initial 2.5-h incubation period, 89 isolates (66.4%) were correctly identified at a probability level of [>=]85%. After additional testing recommended by the manufacturer was completed, another 11 isolates (8.2%) were correctly identified at probability levels of [>=]85%. Twenty-five (18.7%) isolates were correctly identified after additional testing, but the probability levels were less than 85%. Two isolates were unidentified, and seven (5.2%) were incorrectly identified. The seven misidentified strains were not concentrated in any one genus. With an accuracy approaching 75%, this product may be used for the identification of the commonly isolated non-Enterobacteriaceae bacteria but may present problems in identification of other non-glucose-fermenting gram- negative bacilli. JF - Journal of Clinical Microbiology AU - O'Hara, C M AU - Miller, J M AD - Mailstop C16, Atlanta, GA 30333, cmo1@cdc.gov Y1 - 2002/10// PY - 2002 DA - Oct 2002 SP - 3750 EP - 3752 VL - 40 IS - 10 SN - 0095-1137, 0095-1137 KW - MicroScan Rapid Neg ID3 panel KW - Microbiology Abstracts B: Bacteriology; Microbiology Abstracts A: Industrial & Applied Microbiology KW - A 01116:Bacteria KW - J 02704:Enumeration UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/18491448?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologyb&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Clinical+Microbiology&rft.atitle=Ability+of+the+MicroScan+Rapid+Gram-Negative+ID+Type+3+Panel+To+Identify+Nonenteric+Glucose-Fermenting+and+Nonfermenting+Gram-Negative+Bacilli&rft.au=O%27Hara%2C+C+M%3BMiller%2C+J+M&rft.aulast=O%27Hara&rft.aufirst=C&rft.date=2002-10-01&rft.volume=40&rft.issue=10&rft.spage=3750&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+Clinical+Microbiology&rft.issn=00951137&rft_id=info:doi/10.1128%2FJCM.40.10.3750-3752.2002 LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/JCM.40.10.3750-3752.2002 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Multicenter Evaluation of a Nonweekend Reading Schedule for Radiometric Pyrazinamide Susceptibility Testing of Mycobacterium tuberculosis AN - 18489634; 5457576 AB - Pyrazinamide (PZA) is an integral component of the short-course chemotherapy regimen for tuberculosis. The BACTEC 460TB PZA susceptibility test for Mycobacterium tuberculosis with a daily (D) reading schedule has been available for more than 10 years, but weekend laboratory staffing is necessary. A nonweekend (NW) reading schedule has not been validated in a multicenter study. This prospective multicenter study compares the interlaboratory reproducibility of PZA susceptibility results by following both the D and NW schedules. A total of 181 cultures were shared among four laboratories. Isolates were selected based on resistance or borderline resistance to at least one streptomycin-isoniazid-rifampin-ethambutol drug or PZA. One laboratory used a D reading schedule, and three laboratories used a NW schedule. Both reading schedules are based on the standard BACTEC 460TB PZA protocol. With the NW schedule, the growth index (GI) is not available for test interpretation on Saturday, Sunday, and Monday. Of the 181 shared cultures, 154 were found to be susceptible by all laboratories, 19 were found to be resistant, and 8 had discordant results. The overall pairwise interlaboratory agreement was 97.7%. The discrepancies were not associated with the type of reading schedule used. However, the median control GI was significantly higher for the NW schedule (321) than for the D schedule (259) (P < 0.0001) although results were available on average in about 7 days from setup for both schedules. These results show that the NW schedule is a suitable alternative for laboratories that do not read and interpret PZA susceptibility tests on weekends. JF - Journal of Clinical Microbiology AU - Madison, B AU - Gross, W AU - George, I AU - Sloutsky, A AU - Washabaugh, G AU - Robinson-Dunn, B AU - Lipman, H AU - Metchock, B AU - Mazurek, G AU - Ridderhof, J AD - Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, 4770 Buford Highway, N.E., Mail stop G-25, Atlanta, GA 30347, bdm6@cdc.gov Y1 - 2002/10// PY - 2002 DA - Oct 2002 SP - 3753 EP - 3756 VL - 40 IS - 10 SN - 0095-1137, 0095-1137 KW - pyrazinamide KW - Microbiology Abstracts B: Bacteriology KW - J 02812:Antibacterial Agents: Others UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/18489634?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologyb&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Clinical+Microbiology&rft.atitle=Multicenter+Evaluation+of+a+Nonweekend+Reading+Schedule+for+Radiometric+Pyrazinamide+Susceptibility+Testing+of+Mycobacterium+tuberculosis&rft.au=Madison%2C+B%3BGross%2C+W%3BGeorge%2C+I%3BSloutsky%2C+A%3BWashabaugh%2C+G%3BRobinson-Dunn%2C+B%3BLipman%2C+H%3BMetchock%2C+B%3BMazurek%2C+G%3BRidderhof%2C+J&rft.aulast=Madison&rft.aufirst=B&rft.date=2002-10-01&rft.volume=40&rft.issue=10&rft.spage=3753&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+Clinical+Microbiology&rft.issn=00951137&rft_id=info:doi/10.1128%2FJCM.40.10.3753-3756.2002 LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/JCM.40.10.3753-3756.2002 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Head-to-Head Multicenter Comparison of DNA Probe and Nucleic Acid Amplification Tests for Chlamydia trachomatis Infection in Women Performed with an Improved Reference Standard AN - 18485543; 5457574 AB - Few evaluations of tests for Chlamydia trachomatis have compared nucleic acid amplification tests (NAATs) with diagnostic tests other than those by culture. In a five-city study of 3,551 women, we compared the results of commercial ligase chain reaction (LCR) and PCR tests performed on cervical swabs and urine with the results of PACE 2 tests performed on cervical swabs, using independent reference standards that included both cervical swabs and urethral swab-urine specimens. Using cervical culture as a standard, the sensitivities of PACE 2, LCR, and PCR tests with cervical specimens were 78.1, 96.9, and 89.9%, respectively, and the specificities were 99.3, 97.5, and 98.2%, respectively. Using either cervical swab or urine LCR-positive tests as the standard decreased sensitivities to 60.8% for PACE 2 and to 75.8 and 74.9% for PCR with cervical swabs and urine, respectively. Specificities increased to 99.7% for PACE 2 and to 99.7 and 99.4% for PCR with cervical swabs and urine, respectively. Sensitivities with a cervical swab-urine PCR standard were 61.9% for PACE 2 and 85.5 and 80.8% for LCR with cervical swabs and urine, respectively. Specificities were 99.6% for PACE 2 and 99.0 and 98.9% for LCR with cervical swabs and urine, respectively. Cervical swab versus urine differences were significant only for PCR specificities (P = 0.034). Overall, LCR sensitivity exceeded that of PCR, and sensitivities obtained with cervical swabs exceeded those obtained with urine specimens by small amounts. These data have substantiated, using a large multicenter sample and a patient standard, that LCR and PCR tests performed on endocervical swabs and urine are superior to PACE 2 tests for screening C. trachomatis infections in women. In our study, NAATs improved the detection of infected women by 17 to 38% compared to PACE 2. JF - Journal of Clinical Microbiology AU - Black, C M AU - Marrazzo, J AU - Johnson, R E AU - Hook, EW III AU - Jones, R B AU - Green, T A AU - Schachter, J AU - Stamm, W E AU - Bolan, G AU - Louis, MEX AU - Martin, D H AD - National Center for Infectious Diseases, Mailstop C17, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, 1600 Clifton Rd. NE, Atlanta, GA 30333, cblack@cdc.gov Y1 - 2002/10// PY - 2002 DA - Oct 2002 SP - 3757 EP - 3763 VL - 40 IS - 10 SN - 0095-1137, 0095-1137 KW - ligase chain reaction KW - nucleic acid amplification tests KW - Microbiology Abstracts B: Bacteriology KW - J 02704:Enumeration UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/18485543?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologyb&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Clinical+Microbiology&rft.atitle=Head-to-Head+Multicenter+Comparison+of+DNA+Probe+and+Nucleic+Acid+Amplification+Tests+for+Chlamydia+trachomatis+Infection+in+Women+Performed+with+an+Improved+Reference+Standard&rft.au=Black%2C+C+M%3BMarrazzo%2C+J%3BJohnson%2C+R+E%3BHook%2C+EW+III%3BJones%2C+R+B%3BGreen%2C+T+A%3BSchachter%2C+J%3BStamm%2C+W+E%3BBolan%2C+G%3BLouis%2C+MEX%3BMartin%2C+D+H&rft.aulast=Black&rft.aufirst=C&rft.date=2002-10-01&rft.volume=40&rft.issue=10&rft.spage=3757&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+Clinical+Microbiology&rft.issn=00951137&rft_id=info:doi/10.1128%2FJCM.40.10.3757-3763.2002 LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/JCM.40.10.3757-3763.2002 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - What Happened to the Streptococci: Overview of Taxonomic and Nomenclature Changes AN - 18482603; 5458225 AB - Since the division of the Streptococcus genus into enterococci, lactococci, and streptococci in 1984, many changes in the nomenclature and taxonomy of the Streptococcus genus have taken place. The application of genetic comparisons has improved the proper classification of the different species. The Lancefield system of serogrouping the streptococci by the expression of beta-hemolysis on blood agar plates is still very useful for the identification of streptococci for patient management. The Lancefield grouping system cannot be used in itself for accurate identification of specific beta- hemolytic species, but it can be a useful part of the identification procedure. Except for identification of the "Streptococcus bovis group" of species and Streptococcus suis, Lancefield grouping is of little value in identification of the non-beta-hemolytic streptococci and related genera. In fact, identification of the non-beta-hemolytic species is problematic for conventional as well as commercially available identification procedures. A combination of conventional tests and specific chromogenic tests suggested by several investigators is presented and discussed. Tables are included that suggest tests and procedures to guide investigators attempting to identify all the species. JF - Clinical Microbiology Reviews AU - Facklam, R AD - Streptococcus Laboratory, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Mail Stop CO-2, Atlanta, GA 30333, rrf2@cdc.gov Y1 - 2002/10// PY - 2002 DA - Oct 2002 SP - 613 EP - 630 VL - 15 IS - 4 SN - 0893-8512, 0893-8512 KW - streptococci KW - Microbiology Abstracts B: Bacteriology KW - J 02710:Identification, taxonomy and typing UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/18482603?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologyb&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Clinical+Microbiology+Reviews&rft.atitle=What+Happened+to+the+Streptococci%3A+Overview+of+Taxonomic+and+Nomenclature+Changes&rft.au=Facklam%2C+R&rft.aulast=Facklam&rft.aufirst=R&rft.date=2002-10-01&rft.volume=15&rft.issue=4&rft.spage=613&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Clinical+Microbiology+Reviews&rft.issn=08938512&rft_id=info:doi/10.1128%2FCMR.15.4.613-630.2002 LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/CMR.15.4.613-630.2002 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - National Task Force on Fetal Alcohol Syndrome and Fetal Alcohol Effect: defining the national agenda for fetal alcohol syndrome and other prenatal alcohol-related effects. AN - 72844183; 12572781 AB - Prenatal alcohol exposure can lead to serious birth defects and developmental disabilities. A need exists to develop effective strategies for both children with fetal alcohol syndrome (FAS) or other prenatal alcohol-related effects and for women at high risk for having an alcohol-exposed pregnancy. Since the syndrome was identified approximately 30 years ago, advancements have been made in FAS diagnostics, surveillance, prevention, and intervention, but a substantial amount of work remains. Collaborations among partners in federal state, and local agencies, academia, clinical professions, school systems, and families are critical to developing and implementing successful efforts related to FAS and fetal alcohol effect (FAE). In 1999, Congress directed the Secretary of the U.S. Department of Health and Human Services to convene the National Task Force on FAS and FAE (the Task Force). CDC's National Center on Birth Defects and Developmental Disabilities, Fetal Alcohol Syndrome Prevention Team, coordinates the Task Force and manages its operation. Since the Task Force was chartered in 2000, Task Force members, with input from multiple partners, have convened to deliberate and determine the Task Force mission, goals, and priority concerns to be addressed. This report describes the structure, function, mission, and goals of the Task Force and provides their first recommendations. An explanation of how the Task Force recommendations were generated and the Task Forces next steps are also reported. JF - MMWR. Recommendations and reports : Morbidity and mortality weekly report. Recommendations and reports AU - Weber, Mary Kate AU - Floyd, R Louise AU - Riley, Edward P AU - Snider, Dixie E AU - National Task Force on Fetal Alcohol Syndrome and Fetal Alcohol Effect AD - Division of Birth Defects and Developmental Disabilities, National Center on Birth Defects and Developmental Disabilities, USA. ; National Task Force on Fetal Alcohol Syndrome and Fetal Alcohol Effect Y1 - 2002/09/20/ PY - 2002 DA - 2002 Sep 20 SP - 9 EP - 12 VL - 51 SN - 1057-5987, 1057-5987 KW - Ethanol KW - 3K9958V90M KW - Index Medicus KW - United States KW - Infant KW - Ethanol -- adverse effects KW - Pregnancy Complications -- prevention & control KW - Humans KW - Infant, Newborn KW - Child KW - Alcoholism -- prevention & control KW - Female KW - Prenatal Exposure Delayed Effects KW - Pregnancy KW - Child, Preschool KW - Public Health Administration -- standards KW - Fetal Alcohol Spectrum Disorders -- prevention & control UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/72844183?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=MMWR.+Recommendations+and+reports+%3A+Morbidity+and+mortality+weekly+report.+Recommendations+and+reports&rft.atitle=National+Task+Force+on+Fetal+Alcohol+Syndrome+and+Fetal+Alcohol+Effect%3A+defining+the+national+agenda+for+fetal+alcohol+syndrome+and+other+prenatal+alcohol-related+effects.&rft.au=Weber%2C+Mary+Kate%3BFloyd%2C+R+Louise%3BRiley%2C+Edward+P%3BSnider%2C+Dixie+E%3BNational+Task+Force+on+Fetal+Alcohol+Syndrome+and+Fetal+Alcohol+Effect&rft.aulast=Weber&rft.aufirst=Mary&rft.date=2002-09-20&rft.volume=51&rft.issue=&rft.spage=9&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=MMWR.+Recommendations+and+reports+%3A+Morbidity+and+mortality+weekly+report.+Recommendations+and+reports&rft.issn=10575987&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 2003-02-12 N1 - Date created - 2003-02-07 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Carbon-monoxide poisoning resulting from exposure to ski-boat exhaust--Georgia, June 2002. AN - 72127052; 12353743 AB - Carbon monoxide (CO) is an odorless, colorless gas produced from the incomplete combustion of carbon-based fuels such as gasoline or wood. In the United States, CO poisoning causes approximately 500 unintentional deaths each year. Although CO poisonings often have been reported to occur in enclosed and semi-enclosed environments, they can also occur in open-air environments. This report describes two related cases of CO poisoning that occurred in children who were participating in recreational activities on a ski boat. Recreational boaters should be aware of the dangers of open-air CO poisoning, and engineering solutions are needed to reduce the amount of CO in boat exhaust. JF - MMWR. Morbidity and mortality weekly report AU - Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) AD - Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) Y1 - 2002/09/20/ PY - 2002 DA - 2002 Sep 20 SP - 829 EP - 830 VL - 51 IS - 37 SN - 0149-2195, 0149-2195 KW - Index Medicus KW - Recreation KW - Georgia -- epidemiology KW - Humans KW - Child KW - Male KW - Female KW - Ships KW - Carbon Monoxide Poisoning -- etiology KW - Carbon Monoxide Poisoning -- epidemiology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/72127052?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=MMWR.+Morbidity+and+mortality+weekly+report&rft.atitle=Carbon-monoxide+poisoning+resulting+from+exposure+to+ski-boat+exhaust--Georgia%2C+June+2002.&rft.au=Centers+for+Disease+Control+and+Prevention+%28CDC%29&rft.aulast=Centers+for+Disease+Control+and+Prevention+%28CDC%29&rft.aufirst=&rft.date=2002-09-20&rft.volume=51&rft.issue=37&rft.spage=829&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=MMWR.+Morbidity+and+mortality+weekly+report&rft.issn=01492195&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 2002-10-08 N1 - Date created - 2002-09-30 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Emerging foodborne pathogens. AN - 72075093; 12222636 AB - The broad spectrum of foodborne infections has changed dramatically over time, as well-established pathogens have been controlled or eliminated, and new ones have emerged. The burden of foodborne disease remains substantial: one in four Americans is estimated to have a significant foodborne illness each year. The majority of these illnesses are not accounted for by known pathogens, so more must remain to be discovered. Among the known foodborne pathogens, those more recently identified predominate, suggesting that as more and more is learned about pathogens, they come under control. In addition to the emergence or recognition of new pathogens, other trends include global pandemics of some foodborne pathogens, the emergence of antimicrobial resistance, the identification of pathogens that are highly opportunistic, affecting only the most high-risk subpopulations, and the increasing identification of large and dispersed outbreaks. New pathogens can emerge because of changing ecology or changing technology that connects a potential pathogen with the food chain. They also can emerge de novo by transfer of mobile virulence factors, often through bacteriophage. Though this is rarely observed, it can be reconstructed. Better understanding of the ecology and dynamics of phage transmission among bacteria will help us to understand the appearance of new pathogens in the future. One may look for emerging foodborne pathogens among the silent zoonoses, and among the severe infections affecting the immunocompromised humans. We should expect the unexpected. In the past, separating human sewage and animal manure from human food and water supplies was critical to improving public health. Now, our health depends increasingly on the safety of the feed and water supplies for the animals themselves. The successes of the 20th century and the new challenges we face mean that public health vigilance, careful investigation of new problems, responsible attention to food safety from farm to table, and partnerships to bring about new foodborne disease control measures will be needed for the foreseeable future. JF - International journal of food microbiology AU - Tauxe, Robert V AD - Division of Bacterial and Mycotic Diseases, National Center for Infectious Diseases, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA 30306, USA. rvt1@cdc.gov Y1 - 2002/09/15/ PY - 2002 DA - 2002 Sep 15 SP - 31 EP - 41 VL - 78 IS - 1-2 SN - 0168-1605, 0168-1605 KW - Index Medicus KW - Animals KW - Zoonoses KW - Public Health KW - Humans KW - Drug Resistance KW - Food Parasitology KW - Food Contamination -- prevention & control KW - Food Microbiology KW - Foodborne Diseases -- epidemiology KW - Disease Outbreaks -- prevention & control KW - Communicable Diseases, Emerging -- epidemiology KW - Infection -- epidemiology KW - Foodborne Diseases -- prevention & control KW - Communicable Diseases, Emerging -- prevention & control UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/72075093?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=International+journal+of+food+microbiology&rft.atitle=Emerging+foodborne+pathogens.&rft.au=Tauxe%2C+Robert+V&rft.aulast=Tauxe&rft.aufirst=Robert&rft.date=2002-09-15&rft.volume=78&rft.issue=1-2&rft.spage=31&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=International+journal+of+food+microbiology&rft.issn=01681605&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 2002-11-12 N1 - Date created - 2002-09-11 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Foodborne viral gastroenteritis: challenges and opportunities. AN - 72046197; 12203173 AB - Norwalk-like viruses (NLVs) are estimated to be the most common causes of foodborne disease in the United States, accounting for two-thirds of all food-related illnesses. The epidemiologic features and disease burden associated with NLVs have, until recently, been poorly understood because of the lack of sensitive detection assays and the underuse of available diagnostic tools. However, the application of molecular techniques to diagnose and investigate outbreaks of infection during recent years has led to a growing appreciation of the importance of these agents. NLVs are a principal cause of outbreaks of acute-onset vomiting and diarrhea in all age groups-most commonly, via contamination of uncooked foods by infected foodhandlers, but also via foods contaminated at their sources, such as oysters and raspberries. NLVs may also account for >10% of sporadic cases of gastroenteritis in children and adults. Future research will focus on the development of easy-to-use diagnostic assays based on antigen and antibody detection as well as vaccine development. Implementation of simple prevention measures, including correct food-handling practices, will continue to be a priority. JF - Clinical infectious diseases : an official publication of the Infectious Diseases Society of America AU - Bresee, Joseph S AU - Widdowson, Marc-Alain AU - Monroe, Stephan S AU - Glass, Roger I AD - Viral Gastroenteritis Section, Respiratory and Enteric Viruses Branch, National Center for Infectious Diseases, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA, 30333, USA. jbresee@cdc.gov Y1 - 2002/09/15/ PY - 2002 DA - 2002 Sep 15 SP - 748 EP - 753 VL - 35 IS - 6 KW - Index Medicus KW - Cost of Illness KW - Humans KW - Forecasting KW - Caliciviridae Infections -- physiopathology KW - Gastroenteritis -- virology KW - Gastroenteritis -- prevention & control KW - Caliciviridae Infections -- prevention & control KW - Gastroenteritis -- physiopathology KW - Caliciviridae Infections -- immunology KW - Food Contamination KW - Gastroenteritis -- immunology KW - Norovirus KW - Caliciviridae Infections -- transmission UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/72046197?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Clinical+infectious+diseases+%3A+an+official+publication+of+the+Infectious+Diseases+Society+of+America&rft.atitle=Foodborne+viral+gastroenteritis%3A+challenges+and+opportunities.&rft.au=Bresee%2C+Joseph+S%3BWiddowson%2C+Marc-Alain%3BMonroe%2C+Stephan+S%3BGlass%2C+Roger+I&rft.aulast=Bresee&rft.aufirst=Joseph&rft.date=2002-09-15&rft.volume=35&rft.issue=6&rft.spage=748&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Clinical+infectious+diseases+%3A+an+official+publication+of+the+Infectious+Diseases+Society+of+America&rft.issn=1537-6591&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 2002-09-20 N1 - Date created - 2002-08-30 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Alteration of pulmonary cytochrome p-450 system: effects of asphalt fume condensate exposure. AN - 71983315; 12167208 AB - Exposure to asphalt fumes is a health concern due to the presence of polycyclic aromatic compounds (PACs) in asphalt. Bioactivation of many PACs requires metabolism by the cytochrome P-450 (P-450) system. The objective of this study was to evaluate the effects of exposure of rats to asphalt fume condensate (AFC), collected at the top of a paving asphalt storage tank, on the pulmonary microsomal P-450 system and to determine the genotoxic effects of such exposure. Male Sprague-Dawley rats were intratracheally instilled with saline or with 0.45, 2.22, or 8.88 mg/kg AFC for 3 consecutive days and sacrificed the following day. Lung microsomes were isolated by differential centrifugation of lung homogenates. Microsomal protein level, NADPH cytochrome c reductase activity, and the activities and protein levels of cytochrome P-450 isozymes CYP1A1 and CYP2B1 were monitored to assess the effects of AFC exposure on pulmonary P-450. The activities of CYP2B1 and CYP1A1 were determined by monitoring xenobiotic metabolism of 7-pentoxyresorufin and 7-ethoxyresorufin, respectively. CYP2B1 and CYP1A1 levels were determined by immunochemical analysis. Micronucleus (MN) formation in bone-marrow polychromatic erythrocytes (PCEs) was determined to assess the genotoxic effects of AFC exposure. The results showed that exposure of rats to AFC did not significantly affect total cytochrome P-450 content or cytochrome c reductase activity in the lung. CYP2B1 levels and enzyme activity were not significantly affected by AFC exposure. In contrast, CYP1A1 levels and activity were significantly increased in microsomes isolated from AFC-exposed lungs. Increased MN formation was observed only in high-dose AFC-exposed bone marrow PCEs. These results demonstrate that AFC exposure induced CYP1A1 activity and increased the enzyme levels of CYP1A1 in lung microsomes, suggesting that AFC exposure may alter metabolism of PACs by the cytochrome P-450 system in the lung. Alteration of cytochrome P-450 metabolism of PACs may contribute to the AFC-induced genotoxic effects demonstrated as MN formation. JF - Journal of toxicology and environmental health. Part A AU - Ma, J Y C AU - Yang, H-M AU - Barger, M W AU - Siegel, P D AU - Zhong, B-Z AU - Kriech, A J AU - Castranova, V AD - Health Effects Laboratory Division, National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, Morgantown, West Virginia 26505-2888, USA. jyml@cdc.gov Y1 - 2002/09/13/ PY - 2002 DA - 2002 Sep 13 SP - 1247 EP - 1260 VL - 65 IS - 17 SN - 1528-7394, 1528-7394 KW - Hydrocarbons KW - 0 KW - Proteins KW - asphalt KW - 8052-42-4 KW - Cytochrome P-450 Enzyme System KW - 9035-51-2 KW - Cytochrome P-450 CYP1A1 KW - EC 1.14.14.1 KW - Cytochrome P-450 CYP2B1 KW - NADPH-Ferrihemoprotein Reductase KW - EC 1.6.2.4 KW - Index Medicus KW - Bone Marrow Cells -- drug effects KW - Animals KW - Erythrocytes -- drug effects KW - Cytochrome P-450 CYP2B1 -- metabolism KW - NADPH-Ferrihemoprotein Reductase -- metabolism KW - Cytochrome P-450 CYP1A1 -- metabolism KW - Proteins -- metabolism KW - Rats KW - Erythrocytes -- ultrastructure KW - Rats, Sprague-Dawley KW - Micronucleus Tests KW - Microsomes, Liver -- enzymology KW - Microsomes, Liver -- drug effects KW - Immunohistochemistry KW - Bone Marrow Cells -- ultrastructure KW - Male KW - Organ Size -- drug effects KW - Lung -- drug effects KW - Cytochrome P-450 Enzyme System -- metabolism KW - Lung -- enzymology KW - Hydrocarbons -- toxicity KW - Inhalation Exposure -- adverse effects UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/71983315?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+toxicology+and+environmental+health.+Part+A&rft.atitle=Alteration+of+pulmonary+cytochrome+p-450+system%3A+effects+of+asphalt+fume+condensate+exposure.&rft.au=Ma%2C+J+Y+C%3BYang%2C+H-M%3BBarger%2C+M+W%3BSiegel%2C+P+D%3BZhong%2C+B-Z%3BKriech%2C+A+J%3BCastranova%2C+V&rft.aulast=Ma&rft.aufirst=J+Y&rft.date=2002-09-13&rft.volume=65&rft.issue=17&rft.spage=1247&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+toxicology+and+environmental+health.+Part+A&rft.issn=15287394&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 2002-09-19 N1 - Date created - 2002-08-08 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Community needs assessment of lower Manhattan residents following the World Trade Center attacks--Manhattan, New York City, 2001. AN - 72094573; 12238535 AB - On September 11, 2001, terrorists attacked and destroyed the World Trade Center (WTC) in New York City (NYC). An estimated 2,819 persons were reported killed in the attacks; many others were injured (Office of the Chief Medical Examiner, New York City Department of Health and Mental Hygiene [NYCDOHMH], unpublished data, 2002). An estimated 25,000 persons living nearby in lower Manhattan were affected both physically and emotionally. Many persons witnessed the attacks; lost family and friends; were exposed to smoke, dust, and debris; and evacuated their homes. To identify the health-related needs and concerns of persons residing near the attack site, NYCDOHMH, in collaboration with CDC, surveyed persons residing in areas immediately surrounding the WTC site. The primary purpose of the survey was to gather information to set priorities and direct public health interventions. This report summarizes findings from the assessment, which indicate that a large proportion of respondents had physical and psychological symptoms potentially associated with the exposure and needed information to address their health and safety concerns. On the basis of the results of the survey, NYCDOHMH responded to resident concerns, helped reduce exposure to dust and debris, and provided information about mental health resources. JF - MMWR. Morbidity and mortality weekly report AU - Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) AD - Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) Y1 - 2002/09/11/ PY - 2002 DA - 2002 Sep 11 SP - 10 EP - 13 VL - 51 Spec No SN - 0149-2195, 0149-2195 KW - Index Medicus KW - New York City KW - Housing KW - Life Change Events KW - Humans KW - Stress, Psychological KW - Data Collection KW - Environmental Pollution KW - Terrorism KW - Public Health KW - Aircraft KW - Needs Assessment KW - Explosions UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/72094573?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=MMWR.+Morbidity+and+mortality+weekly+report&rft.atitle=Community+needs+assessment+of+lower+Manhattan+residents+following+the+World+Trade+Center+attacks--Manhattan%2C+New+York+City%2C+2001.&rft.au=Centers+for+Disease+Control+and+Prevention+%28CDC%29&rft.aulast=Centers+for+Disease+Control+and+Prevention+%28CDC%29&rft.aufirst=&rft.date=2002-09-11&rft.volume=51+Spec+No&rft.issue=&rft.spage=10&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=MMWR.+Morbidity+and+mortality+weekly+report&rft.issn=01492195&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 2002-09-26 N1 - Date created - 2002-09-19 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Protecting building environments from airborne chemical, biologic, or radiologic attacks. AN - 72089746; 12227441 AB - In November 2001, following the discovery that letters containing Bacillus anthracis had been mailed to targeted locations in the United States, the Secretary of the U.S. Department of Health and Human Services requested site assessments of an array of public- and private-sector buildings by a team of engineers and scientists from CDC's National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH). In November 2001, this team assessed six buildings, including a large hospital and medical research facility, a museum, a transportation building, two large office buildings, and an office/laboratory building. In January 2002, additional building assessments were conducted at CDC campuses in Atlanta and, in April 2002, at a large, urban transportation facility. A total of 59 buildings were evaluated during this 5-month period. JF - MMWR. Morbidity and mortality weekly report AU - Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) AD - Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) Y1 - 2002/09/06/ PY - 2002 DA - 2002 Sep 06 SP - 789 VL - 51 IS - 35 SN - 0149-2195, 0149-2195 KW - Air Pollutants KW - 0 KW - Chemical Warfare Agents KW - Index Medicus KW - Facility Design and Construction KW - Bioterrorism KW - Occupational Health KW - Terrorism KW - Environment, Controlled KW - Nuclear Warfare KW - Chemical Warfare KW - Biological Warfare KW - Air Pollution, Indoor -- prevention & control UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/72089746?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=MMWR.+Morbidity+and+mortality+weekly+report&rft.atitle=Protecting+building+environments+from+airborne+chemical%2C+biologic%2C+or+radiologic+attacks.&rft.au=Centers+for+Disease+Control+and+Prevention+%28CDC%29&rft.aulast=Centers+for+Disease+Control+and+Prevention+%28CDC%29&rft.aufirst=&rft.date=2002-09-06&rft.volume=51&rft.issue=35&rft.spage=789&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=MMWR.+Morbidity+and+mortality+weekly+report&rft.issn=01492195&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 2002-09-23 N1 - Date created - 2002-09-13 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Occupational health guidelines for remediation workers at Bacillus anthracis-contaminated sites--United States, 2001-2002. AN - 72088447; 12227440 AB - Despite the apparently low disease rate from exposure, protection for remediation workers at B. anthracis-contaminated sites is warranted because inhalational anthrax is rapidly progressive and highly fatal, PPE does not guarantee 100% protection, and the risk for developing disease cannot be characterized adequately. The guidelines described here go beyond HAZWOPER requirements and include recommendations for treating inhalation exposure to B. anthracis spores as a medical emergency, medical follow-up as long as the risk for anthrax persists or a worker is receiving antibiotic prophylaxis, accommodation of a mobile workforce, and assurance that workers understand the need for immediate medical attention should symptoms of anthrax occur. Completion of the 6-dose series of anthrax vaccine followed by annual booster doses will decrease the reliance on antibiotics for the prevention of anthrax. Measures to protect workers must include both medical measures (i.e., vaccination, antibiotic prophylaxis, or a combination of both) and measures to prevent exposure (e.g., PPE and environmental controls). JF - MMWR. Morbidity and mortality weekly report AU - Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) AD - Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) Y1 - 2002/09/06/ PY - 2002 DA - 2002 Sep 06 SP - 786 EP - 789 VL - 51 IS - 35 SN - 0149-2195, 0149-2195 KW - Index Medicus KW - United States KW - Antibiotic Prophylaxis KW - Workplace KW - Vaccination KW - Spores, Bacterial KW - Occupational Health KW - Occupational Exposure -- prevention & control KW - Equipment Contamination KW - Anthrax -- prevention & control KW - Bacillus anthracis UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/72088447?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=MMWR.+Morbidity+and+mortality+weekly+report&rft.atitle=Occupational+health+guidelines+for+remediation+workers+at+Bacillus+anthracis-contaminated+sites--United+States%2C+2001-2002.&rft.au=Centers+for+Disease+Control+and+Prevention+%28CDC%29&rft.aulast=Centers+for+Disease+Control+and+Prevention+%28CDC%29&rft.aufirst=&rft.date=2002-09-06&rft.volume=51&rft.issue=35&rft.spage=786&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=MMWR.+Morbidity+and+mortality+weekly+report&rft.issn=01492195&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 2002-09-23 N1 - Date created - 2002-09-13 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Self-reported increase in asthma severity after the September 11 attacks on the World Trade Center--Manhattaan, New York, 2001. AN - 72087972; 12227438 AB - Asthma is a chronic condition that affects approximately 14 million persons in the United States and is characterized by airway inflammation, reversible airway obstruction, and airway hyperresponsiveness to a variety of triggers. Both environmental and psychological factors can trigger asthma exacerbations, and a seasonal increase in asthma morbidity occurs in the fall. This report summarizes the results of a telephone survey conducted among Manhattan residents 5-9 weeks following the September 11, 2001, terrorist attacks on the World Trade Center (WTC) in lower Manhattan in New York City. The findings indicate that among the 13% of adult respondents with asthma, 27% reported experiencing more severe asthma symptoms after September 11. Although a normal seasonal increase in asthma severity was expected, increased severity was reported more commonly among asthmatics reporting psychological distress associated with the attacks and/or difficulty breathing because of smoke and debris during the attacks. Persons with asthma and their clinicians should be aware of the role environmental and psychological factors might play in worsening asthma after disasters. JF - MMWR. Morbidity and mortality weekly report AU - Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) AD - Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) Y1 - 2002/09/06/ PY - 2002 DA - 2002 Sep 06 SP - 781 EP - 784 VL - 51 IS - 35 SN - 0149-2195, 0149-2195 KW - Index Medicus KW - Severity of Illness Index KW - New York City -- epidemiology KW - Humans KW - Adult KW - Aged KW - Middle Aged KW - Stress, Psychological -- epidemiology KW - Environmental Pollution KW - Male KW - Female KW - Population Surveillance KW - Asthma -- epidemiology KW - Terrorism KW - Aircraft KW - Explosions KW - Asthma -- physiopathology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/72087972?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=MMWR.+Morbidity+and+mortality+weekly+report&rft.atitle=Self-reported+increase+in+asthma+severity+after+the+September+11+attacks+on+the+World+Trade+Center--Manhattaan%2C+New+York%2C+2001.&rft.au=Centers+for+Disease+Control+and+Prevention+%28CDC%29&rft.aulast=Centers+for+Disease+Control+and+Prevention+%28CDC%29&rft.aufirst=&rft.date=2002-09-06&rft.volume=51&rft.issue=35&rft.spage=781&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=MMWR.+Morbidity+and+mortality+weekly+report&rft.issn=01492195&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 2002-09-23 N1 - Date created - 2002-09-13 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - CONF T1 - Research and dissemination needs for ergonomics in agriculture. AN - 72794430; 12500960 AB - In 1998, the National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health convened a conference of researchers interested in the ergonomics of agricultural workers. Participants included 20 representatives from universities, state governments, private agricultural and insurance companies, migrant worker organizations, agricultural industry organizations, and the Agricultural Extension Service. The attendees divided into three groups and brainstormed about research ideas and dissemination methods related to ergonomics for farm workers. The groups separately reported that interventions, cost-benefit analyses, and cultural belief systems were the main topics that needed to be researched to reduce physical risk factors for musculoskeletal disorders. The participants also presented ideas for disseminating information to farm owners and workers. JF - Public health reports (Washington, D.C. : 1974) AU - Estill, Cheryl Fairfield AU - Baron, Sherry AU - Steege, Andrea L Y1 - 2002 PY - 2002 DA - 2002 SP - 440 EP - 445 VL - 117 IS - 5 KW - Abridged Index Medicus KW - Index Medicus KW - Focus Groups KW - Attitude to Health KW - Risk Factors KW - Humans KW - Cost-Benefit Analysis KW - Research KW - United States -- epidemiology KW - National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (U.S.) KW - Health Priorities KW - Occupational Health KW - Musculoskeletal Diseases -- ethnology KW - Human Engineering KW - Musculoskeletal Diseases -- prevention & control KW - Agricultural Workers' Diseases -- prevention & control KW - Agricultural Workers' Diseases -- epidemiology KW - Agricultural Workers' Diseases -- ethnology KW - Musculoskeletal Diseases -- epidemiology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/72794430?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=conference&rft.jtitle=Public+health+reports+%28Washington%2C+D.C.+%3A+1974%29&rft.atitle=Research+and+dissemination+needs+for+ergonomics+in+agriculture.&rft.au=Estill%2C+Cheryl+Fairfield%3BBaron%2C+Sherry%3BSteege%2C+Andrea+L&rft.aulast=Estill&rft.aufirst=Cheryl&rft.date=2002-09-01&rft.volume=117&rft.issue=5&rft.spage=440&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Public+health+reports+%28Washington%2C+D.C.+%3A+1974%29&rft.issn=00333549&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 2003-01-28 N1 - Date created - 2002-12-25 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Sentinel human health indicators: to evaluate the health status of vulnerable communities. AN - 72657000; 12425177 AB - The presence of toxic substances in the Great Lakes (GL) basin continues to be a significant concern. In the United States, some 70,000 commercial and industrial compounds are now in use. More than 30,000 are produced or used in the Great Lakes ecosystem. These substances include organochlorines (e.g., polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs), dioxins, furans, dieldrin, etc.), heavy metals such as methylmercury, and alkylated lead, and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (e.g., benzo[a]pyrene). The IJC has identified 42 locations in the GL basin of the United States and Canada as Areas of Concern (AOCs) because of high concentrations of these toxic substances. In 1990 the U.S. Congress amended the Great Lakes Critical Programs Act to create The Agency for Toxic Substances and Disease Registry (ATSDR) Great Lakes Human Health Effects Research Program (GLHHERP) to begin to address these issues. This program characterizes exposures to contaminants via consumption of GL fish and investigates the potential for short- and long-term adverse health effects. This paper reviews the GLHHERP program and indicators established to monitor and address the risks posed by these substances to vulnerable populations in the Great Lakes ecosystem. JF - Canadian journal of public health = Revue canadienne de sante publique AU - Hicks, Heraline E AU - De Rosa, Christopher T AD - U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, Agency for Toxic Substances and Disease Registry, 1600 Clifton Road NE, M/S E-29, Atlanta, GA 30329-4027, USA. heh2@cdc.gov PY - 2002 SP - S57 EP - S61 VL - 93 Suppl 1 SN - 0008-4263, 0008-4263 KW - Hazardous Substances KW - 0 KW - Water Pollutants, Chemical KW - Index Medicus KW - Ecosystem KW - Public Health KW - Great Lakes Region -- epidemiology KW - Water Pollutants, Chemical -- adverse effects KW - Humans KW - Epidemiological Monitoring KW - Sentinel Surveillance KW - Health Status Indicators KW - Environmental Monitoring -- methods UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/72657000?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Canadian+journal+of+public+health+%3D+Revue+canadienne+de+sante+publique&rft.atitle=Sentinel+human+health+indicators%3A+to+evaluate+the+health+status+of+vulnerable+communities.&rft.au=Hicks%2C+Heraline+E%3BDe+Rosa%2C+Christopher+T&rft.aulast=Hicks&rft.aufirst=Heraline&rft.date=2002-09-01&rft.volume=93+Suppl+1&rft.issue=&rft.spage=S57&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Canadian+journal+of+public+health+%3D+Revue+canadienne+de+sante+publique&rft.issn=00084263&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 2002-12-04 N1 - Date created - 2002-11-11 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Releases of hazardous substances in schools: data from the Hazardous Substances Emergency Events Surveillance system, 1993-1998. AN - 72089203; 12226905 AB - This report describes the adverse public-health effects resulting from releases of hazardous substances in schools. Data were analyzed from emergency events reported to the Hazardous Substances Emergency Events Surveillance (HSEES) system by 14 participating states during 1993-1998. Compared with all other types of events, a higher proportion of school-related events resulted in victims (relative risk [RR] = 3.94, 95 percent confidence interval [CI] = 3.37-4.60) and in evacuation (RR = 5.76, 95 percent CI = 5.16-6.43). The most common cause of these events was operator error, followed in frequency by equipment failure, improper mixing, and deliberate releases. The majority of victims were exposed to spills emitting noxious gases, and their resulting symptoms were primarily associated with the respiratory tract. JF - Journal of environmental health AU - Berkowitz, Zahava AU - Haugh, Gilbert S AU - Orr, Maureen F AU - Kaye, Wendy E AD - Division of Health Studies, ATSDR, 1600 Clifton Rd., MS E-31, Atlanta, GA 30333, USA. zab3@cdc.gov Y1 - 2002/09// PY - 2002 DA - September 2002 SP - 20 EP - 7, 37, 39 VL - 65 IS - 2 SN - 0022-0892, 0022-0892 KW - Hazardous Substances KW - 0 KW - Index Medicus KW - Environmental Monitoring KW - Causality KW - Humans KW - Adult KW - Epidemiological Monitoring KW - Child KW - Adolescent KW - United States -- epidemiology KW - Registries KW - Wounds and Injuries -- epidemiology KW - Wounds and Injuries -- chemically induced KW - Universities -- statistics & numerical data KW - Hazardous Substances -- adverse effects KW - Environmental Exposure -- statistics & numerical data KW - Environmental Exposure -- adverse effects KW - Schools -- statistics & numerical data KW - Population Surveillance UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/72089203?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+environmental+health&rft.atitle=Releases+of+hazardous+substances+in+schools%3A+data+from+the+Hazardous+Substances+Emergency+Events+Surveillance+system%2C+1993-1998.&rft.au=Berkowitz%2C+Zahava%3BHaugh%2C+Gilbert+S%3BOrr%2C+Maureen+F%3BKaye%2C+Wendy+E&rft.aulast=Berkowitz&rft.aufirst=Zahava&rft.date=2002-09-01&rft.volume=65&rft.issue=2&rft.spage=20&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+environmental+health&rft.issn=00220892&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 2003-01-24 N1 - Date created - 2002-09-13 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Adverse childhood experiences and personal alcohol abuse as an adult. AN - 72040396; 12201379 AB - Adult alcohol abuse has been linked to childhood abuse and family dysfunction. However, little information is available about the contribution of multiple adverse childhood experiences (ACEs) in combination with parental alcohol abuse, to the risk of later alcohol abuse. A questionnaire about childhood abuse, parental alcoholism and family dysfunction while growing up was completed by adult HMO members in order to retrospectively assess the independent relationship of eight ACEs to the risk of adult alcohol abuse. The number of ACEs was used in stratified logistic regression models to assess their impact on several adult alcohol problems in the presence or absence of parental alcoholism. Each of the eight individual ACEs was associated with a higher risk alcohol abuse as an adult. Compared to persons with no ACEs, the risk of heavy drinking, self-reported alcoholism, and marrying an alcoholic were increased twofold to fourfold by the presence of multiple ACEs, regardless of parental alcoholism. Prevention of ACEs and treatment of persons affected by them may reduce the occurrence of adult alcohol problems. JF - Addictive behaviors AU - Dube, Shanta R AU - Anda, Robert F AU - Felitti, Vincent J AU - Edwards, Valerie J AU - Croft, Janet B AD - Division of Adult and Community Health, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, National Center for Chronic Disease Prevention and Health Promotion, Atlanta, GA 30341-3717, USA. skd7@cdc.gov PY - 2002 SP - 713 EP - 725 VL - 27 IS - 5 SN - 0306-4603, 0306-4603 KW - Index Medicus KW - California KW - Risk KW - Humans KW - Middle Aged KW - Child KW - Male KW - Female KW - Child Abuse -- psychology KW - Child of Impaired Parents -- psychology KW - Alcoholism -- psychology KW - Family -- psychology KW - Social Environment UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/72040396?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Addictive+behaviors&rft.atitle=Adverse+childhood+experiences+and+personal+alcohol+abuse+as+an+adult.&rft.au=Dube%2C+Shanta+R%3BAnda%2C+Robert+F%3BFelitti%2C+Vincent+J%3BEdwards%2C+Valerie+J%3BCroft%2C+Janet+B&rft.aulast=Dube&rft.aufirst=Shanta&rft.date=2002-09-01&rft.volume=27&rft.issue=5&rft.spage=713&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Addictive+behaviors&rft.issn=03064603&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 2003-01-23 N1 - Date created - 2002-08-30 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Trends in Diabetes Prevalence Among American Indian and Alaska Native Children, Adolescents, and Young Adults AN - 18751518; 5627154 AB - This study determined trends in diabetes prevalence among young American Indians and Alaska Natives. American Indian and Alaska Native children (< 15 years), adolescents (15-19 years), and young adults (20-34 years) with diabetes were identified from the Indian Health Service (IHS) outpatient database. The population living within IHS contract health service delivery areas was determined from census data. From 1990 to 1998, the total number of young American Indians and Alaska Natives with diagnosed diabetes increased by 71% (4534 to 7736); prevalence increased by 46% (6.4 per 1000 to 9.3 per 1000 population). Increases in prevalence were greater among adolescents and among young men. Diabetes should be considered a major public health problem among young American Indians and Alaska Natives. JF - American Journal of Public Health AU - Acton, K J AU - Burrows, N R AU - Moore, K AU - Querec, L AU - Geiss, L S AU - Engelgau, MM AD - 4770 Buford Hwy NE, Mail Stop K-10, Atlanta, GA 30341, USA, nrios@cdc.gov Y1 - 2002/09// PY - 2002 DA - Sep 2002 SP - 1485 EP - 1490 VL - 92 IS - 9 SN - 0090-0036, 0090-0036 KW - Physical Education Index KW - PE 030:Exercise, Health & Physical Fitness UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/18751518?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aphysicaleducation&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=American+Journal+of+Public+Health&rft.atitle=Trends+in+Diabetes+Prevalence+Among+American+Indian+and+Alaska+Native+Children%2C+Adolescents%2C+and+Young+Adults&rft.au=Acton%2C+K+J%3BBurrows%2C+N+R%3BMoore%2C+K%3BQuerec%2C+L%3BGeiss%2C+L+S%3BEngelgau%2C+MM&rft.aulast=Acton&rft.aufirst=K&rft.date=2002-09-01&rft.volume=92&rft.issue=9&rft.spage=1485&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=American+Journal+of+Public+Health&rft.issn=00900036&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - Physical Education Index N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Audiometric Findings in Workers Exposed to Low Levels of Styrene and Noise AN - 18678991; 5575930 AB - Audiometry and exposure measurements were conducted on workers from fiberglass and metal products manufacturing plants and a mail distribution terminal (N = 313). Workers exposed to noise and styrene had significantly worse pure-tone thresholds at 2, 3, 4, and 6 kHz when compared with noise-exposed or nonexposed workers. Age, noise exposure, and urinary mandelic acid (a biologic marker for styrene) were the variables that met the significance level criterion in the multiple logistic regression. The odds ratios for hearing loss were 1.19 for each increment of 1 year of age (95% confidence interval [CI], 1.11-1.28), 1.18 for every decibel >85 dB(A) of noise exposure (95% CI, 1.01-1.34), and 2.44 for each millimole of mandelic acid per gram of creatinine in urine (95% CI, 1.01-5.89). Our findings suggest that exposure to styrene even below recommended values had a toxic effect on the auditory system. JF - Journal of Occupational and Environmental Medicine AU - Morata, T C AU - Johnson, A-C AU - Nylen, P AU - Svensson, E B AU - Cheng, J AU - Krieg, E F AU - Lindblad, A-C AU - Ernstgard, L AU - Franks, J AD - NIOSH/MS C27, 4676 Columbia Parkway, Cincinnati, OH 45226, USA, tmorata@cdc.gov Y1 - 2002/09// PY - 2002 DA - Sep 2002 SP - 806 EP - 814 VL - 44 IS - 9 SN - 1076-2752, 1076-2752 KW - audiometry KW - man KW - Pollution Abstracts; Toxicology Abstracts; Health & Safety Science Abstracts KW - H 1000:Occupational Safety and Health KW - P 6000:TOXICOLOGY AND HEALTH KW - X 24152:Chronic exposure UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/18678991?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxicologyabstracts&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Occupational+and+Environmental+Medicine&rft.atitle=Audiometric+Findings+in+Workers+Exposed+to+Low+Levels+of+Styrene+and+Noise&rft.au=Morata%2C+T+C%3BJohnson%2C+A-C%3BNylen%2C+P%3BSvensson%2C+E+B%3BCheng%2C+J%3BKrieg%2C+E+F%3BLindblad%2C+A-C%3BErnstgard%2C+L%3BFranks%2C+J&rft.aulast=Morata&rft.aufirst=T&rft.date=2002-09-01&rft.volume=44&rft.issue=9&rft.spage=806&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+Occupational+and+Environmental+Medicine&rft.issn=10762752&rft_id=info:doi/10.1097%2F01.jom.0000026645.83602.60 LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/01.jom.0000026645.83602.60 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Trends in BB/pellet gun injuries in children and teenagers in the United States, 1985-99 AN - 18553189; 5525912 AB - To characterize national trends in non-fatal BB/pellet gun related injury rates for persons aged 19 years or younger in relation to trends in non-fatal and fatal firearm related injury rates and discuss these trends in light of injury prevention and violence prevention efforts. The National Electronic Injury Surveillance System (NEISS) includes approximately 100 hospitals with at least six beds that provide emergency services. These hospitals comprise a stratified probability sample of all US hospitals with emergency departments. The National Vital Statistics System (NVSS) is a complete census of all death certificates filed by states and is compiled annually. National data on BB/pellet gun related injuries and injury rates were examined along with fatal and non-fatal firearm related injuries and injury rates. Non-fatal injury data for all BB/pellet gun related injury cases from 1985 through 1999, and firearm related injury cases from 1993 through 1999 were obtained from hospital emergency department records using the NEISS. Firearm related deaths from 1985 through 1999 were obtained from the NVSS. BB/pellet gun related injury rates increased from age 3 years to a peak at age 13 years and declined thereafter. In contrast, firearm related injury and death rates increased gradually until age 13 and then increased sharply until age 18 years. For persons aged 19 years and younger, BB/pellet gun related injury rates increased from the late 1980s until the early 1990s and then declined until 1999; these injury rates per 100 000 population were 24.0 in 1988, 32.8 in 1992, and 18.3 in 1999. This trend was similar to those for fatal and non-fatal firearm related injury rates per 100 000 which were 4.5 in 1985, 7.8 in 1993, and 4.3 in 1999 (fatal) and 38.6 in 1993 and 16.3 in 1999 (non-fatal). In 1999, an estimated 14 313 (95% confidence interval (CI) 12 025 to 16 601) cases with non-fatal BB/pellet gun injuries and an estimated 12 748 (95% CI 7881-17 615) cases with non-fatal firearm related injuries among persons aged 19 years and younger were treated in US hospital emergency departments. BB/pellet gun related and firearm related injury rates show similar declines since the early 1990s. These declines coincide with a growing number of prevention efforts aimed at reducing injuries to children from unsupervised access to guns and from youth violence. Evaluations at the state and local level are needed to determine true associations. JF - Injury Prevention AU - Nguyen, M H AU - Annest, J L AU - Mercy, JA AU - Ryan, G W AU - Fingerhut, LA AD - Office of Statistics and Programming, National Center for Injury Prevention and Control, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, 4770 Buford Hwy (MS-K59), Atlanta, GA 30341-3724, USA, lannest@cdc.gov Y1 - 2002/09// PY - 2002 DA - Sep 2002 SP - 185 EP - 191 VL - 8 IS - 3 SN - 1353-8047, 1353-8047 KW - pellet guns KW - Health & Safety Science Abstracts KW - H 11000:Diseases/Injuries/Trauma UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/18553189?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Ahealthsafetyabstracts&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Injury+Prevention&rft.atitle=Trends+in+BB%2Fpellet+gun+injuries+in+children+and+teenagers+in+the+United+States%2C+1985-99&rft.au=Nguyen%2C+M+H%3BAnnest%2C+J+L%3BMercy%2C+JA%3BRyan%2C+G+W%3BFingerhut%2C+LA&rft.aulast=Nguyen&rft.aufirst=M&rft.date=2002-09-01&rft.volume=8&rft.issue=3&rft.spage=185&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Injury+Prevention&rft.issn=13538047&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Prevalence of youth access to alcohol or a gun in the home AN - 18553113; 5525918 AB - To estimate the national prevalence of youth access to alcohol, a gun, or both alcohol and a gun, in their home and to describe the demographic characteristics associated with access to either alcohol or a gun. Cross sectional data from the 1995 in-home survey of the National Longitudinal Study of Adolescent Health, which used a nationally representative randomly selected school based sample (n=18 924) of adolescents in grades 7-12, were analyzed. The current analyses were restricted to those adolescents 12-18 years of age (n=18 454). Crude logistic regression analyses was used to determine the demographic characteristics associated with access to alcohol or a gun in the home. Overall, 28.7% of US adolescents reported having easy access to alcohol in the home. Availability of alcohol was associated with race/ethnicity, mother's education, family structure, and welfare status. Similarly, 24.3% of US adolescents reported easy access to a gun in the home. Availability of a gun in the home was associated with gender, race/ethnicity, mother's education, family structure, and welfare status. Among those that reported that a gun was available in their home, most reported availability of a shotgun (63.0%) followed by a rifle (61.3%), handgun (57.3%), and other gun (16.4%). Ten per cent of adolescents reported availability of both alcohol and a gun in their home. One quarter of US adolescents reported easy access to either alcohol or a gun in their home. Given the risks associated with the misuse of alcohol and guns among adolescents, efforts to increase public awareness of the availability of alcohol and guns in the home are needed. JF - Injury Prevention AU - Swahn, M H AU - Hammig, B J AU - Ikeda, R M AD - Mailstop K-60, National Center for Injury Prevention and Control, CDC, 4770 Buford Highway, Atlanta, GA 30341-3724, USA, mswahn@cdc.gov Y1 - 2002/09// PY - 2002 DA - Sep 2002 SP - 227 EP - 230 VL - 8 IS - 3 SN - 1353-8047, 1353-8047 KW - firearms KW - Health & Safety Science Abstracts KW - H 11000:Diseases/Injuries/Trauma UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/18553113?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Ahealthsafetyabstracts&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Injury+Prevention&rft.atitle=Prevalence+of+youth+access+to+alcohol+or+a+gun+in+the+home&rft.au=Swahn%2C+M+H%3BHammig%2C+B+J%3BIkeda%2C+R+M&rft.aulast=Swahn&rft.aufirst=M&rft.date=2002-09-01&rft.volume=8&rft.issue=3&rft.spage=227&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Injury+Prevention&rft.issn=13538047&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - National vehicle emissions policies and practices and declining US carbon monoxide-related mortality. AN - 72024881; 12190369 AB - Carbon monoxide (CO) has been reported to contribute to more than 2000 poisoning deaths per year in the United States. To evaluate the influence of national vehicle emissions policies and practices on CO-related mortality and to describe 31 years (1968-1998) of CO-related deaths in the United States. Longitudinal trend analysis using computerized death data from the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, US Census Bureau population data, and annual CO emissions estimates for light-duty vehicles provided by the US Environmental Protection Agency. All deaths in the US for which non-fire-related CO poisoning was an underlying or contributing condition, classified by intent and mechanism of death. Negative binomial regression was used to incorporate every year of data into estimated percentage changes in CO emissions and mortality rates over time. During 1968-1998, CO-related mortality rates in the United States declined from 20.2 deaths to 8.8 deaths per 1 million person-years (an estimated decline of 57.8%; 95% confidence interval [CI], -62.4% to -52.6%). Following the introduction of the catalytic converter to automobiles in 1975, CO emissions from automobiles decreased by an estimated 76.3% of 1975 levels (95% CI, -82.0% to -70.4%) and unintentional motor vehicle-related CO death rates declined from 4.0 to 0.9 deaths per 1 million person-years (an estimated decline of 81.3%; 95% CI, -84.8% to -77.0%). Rates of motor vehicle-related CO suicides declined from 10.0 to 4.9 deaths per 1 million person-years (an estimated decline of 43.3%; 95% CI, -57.5% to -24.3%). During 1975-1996, an annual decrease of 10 g/mile of estimated CO emissions from automobiles was associated with a 21.3% decrease (95% CI, -24.2% to -18.4%) in the annual unintentional motor vehicle-related CO death rate and a 5.9% decrease (95%CI, -10.0% to -1.8%) in the annual rate of motor vehicle-related CO suicides. If rates of unintentional CO-related deaths had remained at pre-1975 levels, an estimated additional 11 700 motor vehicle-related CO poisoning deaths might have occurred by 1998. This decline in death rates appears to be a public health benefit associated with the enforcement of standards set by the 1970 Clean Air Act. JF - JAMA AU - Mott, Joshua A AU - Wolfe, Mitchell I AU - Alverson, Clinton J AU - Macdonald, Steven C AU - Bailey, Chad R AU - Ball, Lauren B AU - Moorman, Jeanne E AU - Somers, Joseph H AU - Mannino, David M AU - Redd, Stephen C AD - Air Pollution and Respiratory Health Branch, National Center for Environmental Health, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, 1600 Clifton Rd NE, MS E-17, Atlanta, GA 30333, USA. zud9@cdc.gov Y1 - 2002/08/28/ PY - 2002 DA - 2002 Aug 28 SP - 988 EP - 995 VL - 288 IS - 8 SN - 0098-7484, 0098-7484 KW - Air Pollutants KW - 0 KW - Vehicle Emissions KW - Abridged Index Medicus KW - Index Medicus KW - Regression Analysis KW - Humans KW - Adult KW - Homicide -- statistics & numerical data KW - Aged KW - Middle Aged KW - Adolescent KW - United States -- epidemiology KW - Suicide -- statistics & numerical data KW - Male KW - Female KW - Accidents -- statistics & numerical data KW - Vehicle Emissions -- prevention & control KW - Vehicle Emissions -- legislation & jurisprudence KW - Vehicle Emissions -- poisoning KW - Air Pollutants -- standards KW - Carbon Monoxide Poisoning -- epidemiology KW - Carbon Monoxide Poisoning -- prevention & control KW - Carbon Monoxide Poisoning -- mortality UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/72024881?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=JAMA&rft.atitle=National+vehicle+emissions+policies+and+practices+and+declining+US+carbon+monoxide-related+mortality.&rft.au=Mott%2C+Joshua+A%3BWolfe%2C+Mitchell+I%3BAlverson%2C+Clinton+J%3BMacdonald%2C+Steven+C%3BBailey%2C+Chad+R%3BBall%2C+Lauren+B%3BMoorman%2C+Jeanne+E%3BSomers%2C+Joseph+H%3BMannino%2C+David+M%3BRedd%2C+Stephen+C&rft.aulast=Mott&rft.aufirst=Joshua&rft.date=2002-08-28&rft.volume=288&rft.issue=8&rft.spage=988&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=JAMA&rft.issn=00987484&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 2002-09-03 N1 - Date created - 2002-08-22 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Resistance to reinfection with Schistosoma mansoni in occupationally exposed adults and effect of HIV-1 co-infection on susceptibility to schistosomiasis: a longitudinal study AN - 16163588; 5639999 AB - Previous studies have reported age-dependent development of resistance to reinfection by schistosomes and identified immunological correlates of this resistance. However, whether resistance exists that is independent of age effects has been questioned. We did a longitudinal investigation of reinfection by Schistosoma mansoni in an adult population with high occupational exposure. We monitored a cohort of 96 male car washers working along the shores of Lake Victoria, Kenya during 349 times 7 person-years for frequency of water contact and infection with S mansoni. Patients were treated with praziquantel upon study entry and after reinfection with S mansoni. Bivariate analyses and a multivariate proportional hazards model were used to assess the effects of water contact, previous infections, and HIV-1 on S mansoni reinfection rates. 13 car washers did not get reinfected or only became reinfected after an extended time (91 weeks). 47 initially had a short time to reinfection (15 weeks) but on subsequent treatments showed increased time to reinfection (29-38 weeks). 36 consistently displayed short times to reinfection (<15 weeks) despite multiple reinfection and treatment cycles. Decreased CD4 T-cell counts in HIV-1-positive individuals corresponded to increased susceptibility to S mansoni reinfection. Adults similarly exposed to schistosomiasis are either resistant to reinfection; susceptible, but develop resistance to reinfection after multiple treatments; or remain susceptible to reinfection. Thus, immunological resistance to reinfection with S mansoni exists or can develop independent of age effects. The consequence of HIV-1 co-infection suggests that CD4 T cells contribute to this resistance. JF - Lancet AU - Karanja, DMS AU - Hightower, A W AU - Colley, D G AU - Mwinzi, PNM AU - Galil, K AU - Andove, J AU - Secor, W E AD - Immunology Branch/Division of Parasitic Diseases, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, 4770 Buford Highway, NE, MS-F13, Atlanta, GA 30341-3724, USA, was4@cdc.gov Y1 - 2002/08/24/ PY - 2002 DA - 2002 Aug 24 SP - 592 EP - 596 VL - 360 IS - 9333 SN - 0099-5355, 0099-5355 KW - HIV-1 KW - Schistosomiasis KW - man KW - ASFA 3: Aquatic Pollution & Environmental Quality; Health & Safety Science Abstracts; Water Resources Abstracts; Virology & AIDS Abstracts KW - Schistosoma mansoni KW - Acquired immune deficiency syndrome KW - Human diseases KW - Disease control KW - Shores KW - Kenya, Victoria L. KW - Disease resistance KW - Infection KW - Public health KW - Lakes KW - Kenya KW - Public Health KW - Resistance KW - Human Diseases KW - Exposure KW - Human immunodeficiency virus 1 KW - Occupational exposure KW - Environmental monitoring KW - Swimming KW - Recreation KW - SW 3030:Effects of pollution KW - H 1000:Occupational Safety and Health KW - Q5 08524:Public health, medicines, dangerous organisms KW - V 22004:AIDS: Clinical aspects UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16163588?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aasfaaquaticpollution&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Lancet&rft.atitle=Resistance+to+reinfection+with+Schistosoma+mansoni+in+occupationally+exposed+adults+and+effect+of+HIV-1+co-infection+on+susceptibility+to+schistosomiasis%3A+a+longitudinal+study&rft.au=Karanja%2C+DMS%3BHightower%2C+A+W%3BColley%2C+D+G%3BMwinzi%2C+PNM%3BGalil%2C+K%3BAndove%2C+J%3BSecor%2C+W+E&rft.aulast=Karanja&rft.aufirst=DMS&rft.date=2002-08-24&rft.volume=360&rft.issue=9333&rft.spage=592&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Lancet&rft.issn=00995355&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2003-09-01 N1 - Last updated - 2014-05-07 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Environmental monitoring; Swimming; Human diseases; Recreation; Disease control; Schistosomiasis; Public health; Acquired immune deficiency syndrome; Disease resistance; Occupational exposure; Lakes; Public Health; Resistance; Human Diseases; Exposure; Shores; Infection; Schistosoma mansoni; Human immunodeficiency virus 1; Kenya; Kenya, Victoria L. ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Comparative pulmonary toxicity of blasting sand and five substitute abrasive blasting agents. AN - 71979302; 12167212 AB - Blasting sand is used for abrasive blasting, but its inhalation is associated with pulmonary inflammation and fibrosis. Consequently, safer substitute materials for blasting sand are needed. In a previous study from this laboratory, the comparative pulmonary toxicity of five abrasive blasting substitutes and blasting sand was reported. In this study, the pulmonary toxicity of blasting sand was compared to five additional abrasive blasting substitutes: steel grit, copper slag, nickel slag, crushed glass, and olivine. Exposed rats received by intratracheal instillation 10 mg of respirable-size particles of blasting sand or an abrasive blasting substitute, while controls were instilled with vehicle. Pulmonary inflammation, damage, and fibrosis were examined 28 d postexposure. Pulmonary inflammation was monitored by determining bronchoalveolar lavage polymorphonuclear cell counts and alveolar macrophage activation by chemiluminescence. Pulmonary damage was assessed by acellular bronchoalveolar (BAL) fluid serum albumin concentrations and lactate dehydrogenase activities. Histological examination of lung tissue samples was made to assess the severity and distribution of pulmonary fibrosis, alveolitis, and alveolar epithelial cell hypertrophy and hyperplasia. In comparison to blasting sand, olivine exposed rats had higher levels of pulmonary inflammation and damage with a similar level of fibrosis. Steel grit-exposed rats had lower levels of pulmonary inflammation and damage, and did not develop fibrosis. However, steel grit-exposed rats had a level of epithelial cell hypertrophy and hyperplasia similar to blasting sand. The other abrasive blasting substitutes gave a mixed profile of toxicity. The data demonstrate that steel grit produced less acute pulmonary toxicity than blasting sand or any of the other abrasive blasting substitutes. Notwithstanding, the data also suggest that chronic exposure to steel grit may pose a health risk due to its effects on epithelial cell proliferation in the lung. JF - Journal of toxicology and environmental health. Part A AU - Porter, Dale W AU - Hubbs, Ann F AU - Robinson, Victor A AU - Battelli, Lori A AU - Greskevitch, Mark AU - Barger, Mark AU - Landsittel, Douglas AU - Jones, William AU - Castranova, Vincent AD - Health Effects Laboratory Division, National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, 1095 Willowdale Road, M/S 2015, Morgantown, WV 26505, USA. DPorter@cdc.gov Y1 - 2002/08/23/ PY - 2002 DA - 2002 Aug 23 SP - 1121 EP - 1140 VL - 65 IS - 16 SN - 1528-7394, 1528-7394 KW - Metals KW - 0 KW - Silicon Dioxide KW - 7631-86-9 KW - Index Medicus KW - Rats KW - Animals KW - Rats, Sprague-Dawley KW - Particle Size KW - Bronchoalveolar Lavage Fluid KW - Administration, Inhalation KW - Male KW - Pulmonary Fibrosis -- pathology KW - Pulmonary Fibrosis -- chemically induced KW - Silicon Dioxide -- toxicity KW - Macrophages, Alveolar -- drug effects KW - Macrophages, Alveolar -- pathology KW - Metals -- toxicity UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/71979302?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+toxicology+and+environmental+health.+Part+A&rft.atitle=Comparative+pulmonary+toxicity+of+blasting+sand+and+five+substitute+abrasive+blasting+agents.&rft.au=Porter%2C+Dale+W%3BHubbs%2C+Ann+F%3BRobinson%2C+Victor+A%3BBattelli%2C+Lori+A%3BGreskevitch%2C+Mark%3BBarger%2C+Mark%3BLandsittel%2C+Douglas%3BJones%2C+William%3BCastranova%2C+Vincent&rft.aulast=Porter&rft.aufirst=Dale&rft.date=2002-08-23&rft.volume=65&rft.issue=16&rft.spage=1121&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+toxicology+and+environmental+health.+Part+A&rft.issn=15287394&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 2002-09-04 N1 - Date created - 2002-08-08 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - An outbreak of Escherichia coli O157:H7 infections among visitors to a dairy farm AN - 18488994; 5458675 AB - Background Outbreaks of Escherichia coli O157:H7 infections have involved direct transmission from animals and their environment to humans. We describe an outbreak among visitors to a Pennsylvania dairy and petting farm that provides public access to animals. Methods: We conducted both a case-control study among visitors to a farm to identify risk factors for infection and a household survey to determine the rates of diarrheal illness among these visitors. We performed an extensive environmental study to identify sources of E. coli O157:H7 on the farm. Results Fifty-one patients with confirmed or suspected E. coli O157:H7 infection were enrolled in the case-control study. The median age of the patients was four years, and the hemolytic-uremic syndrome developed in eight. Contact with calves and their environment was associated with an increased risk of infection, whereas hand washing was protective. The household survey indicated that visitors to the farm during the outbreak had higher than expected rates of diarrhea. Environmental studies showed that 28 of the 216 cattle on the farm (13 percent) were colonized with E. coli O157:H7 that had the same distinct pattern on pulsed-field gel electrophoresis that was found in isolates from the patients. This organism was also recovered from surfaces that were accessible to the public. Conclusions In a large outbreak of E. coli O157:H7 infections among visitors to a dairy farm, predominantly children, high rates of carriage of E. coli O157:H7 among calves and young cattle most likely resulted in contamination of both the animals' hides and the environment. JF - New England Journal of Medicine AU - Crump, JA AU - Sulka, A C AU - Langer, A J AU - Schaben, C AU - Crielly, A S AU - Gage, R AU - Baysinger, M AU - Moll, M AU - Withers, G AU - Toney, D M AU - Hunter, S B AU - Hoekstra, R M AU - Wong, S K AU - Griffin, P M AU - Van Gilder, TJ AD - Foodborne and Diarrheal Diseases Branch, Division of Bacterial and Mycotic Diseases, National Center for Infectious Diseases, MS A-38, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, 1600 Clifton Rd., Altanta, GA 30333, USA, jcrump@cdc.gov Y1 - 2002/08/22/ PY - 2002 DA - 2002 Aug 22 SP - 555 EP - 560 VL - 347 IS - 8 SN - 0028-4793, 0028-4793 KW - disease transmission KW - outbreaks KW - petting farms KW - petting zoos KW - Health & Safety Science Abstracts; Microbiology Abstracts B: Bacteriology KW - H 11000:Diseases/Injuries/Trauma KW - J 02846:Gastrointestinal tract UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/18488994?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologyb&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=New+England+Journal+of+Medicine&rft.atitle=An+outbreak+of+Escherichia+coli+O157%3AH7+infections+among+visitors+to+a+dairy+farm&rft.au=Crump%2C+JA%3BSulka%2C+A+C%3BLanger%2C+A+J%3BSchaben%2C+C%3BCrielly%2C+A+S%3BGage%2C+R%3BBaysinger%2C+M%3BMoll%2C+M%3BWithers%2C+G%3BToney%2C+D+M%3BHunter%2C+S+B%3BHoekstra%2C+R+M%3BWong%2C+S+K%3BGriffin%2C+P+M%3BVan+Gilder%2C+TJ&rft.aulast=Crump&rft.aufirst=JA&rft.date=2002-08-22&rft.volume=347&rft.issue=8&rft.spage=555&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=New+England+Journal+of+Medicine&rft.issn=00284793&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Casting their lot upon the water: commercial fishing safety. AN - 72113067; 12241651 JF - Lancet (London, England) AU - Conway, George A AD - Centers for Disease Control and Prevention/National Institute of Occupational Safety and Health, Anchorage, AK 99508, USA. GConway@cdc.gov Y1 - 2002/08/17/ PY - 2002 DA - 2002 Aug 17 SP - 503 EP - 504 VL - 360 IS - 9332 SN - 0140-6736, 0140-6736 KW - Abridged Index Medicus KW - Index Medicus KW - Drowning -- prevention & control KW - Humans KW - Accidents, Occupational KW - Occupational Health KW - Fisheries UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/72113067?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Lancet+%28London%2C+England%29&rft.atitle=Casting+their+lot+upon+the+water%3A+commercial+fishing+safety.&rft.au=Conway%2C+George+A&rft.aulast=Conway&rft.aufirst=George&rft.date=2002-08-17&rft.volume=360&rft.issue=9332&rft.spage=503&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Lancet+%28London%2C+England%29&rft.issn=01406736&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 2002-10-07 N1 - Date created - 2002-09-20 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - SuppNotes - Comment On: Lancet. 2002 Aug 17;360(9332):543-4 [12241660] N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Rifapentine and isoniazid once a week versus rifampicin and isoniazid twice a week for treatment of drug-susceptible pulmonary tuberculosis in HIV-negative patients: a randomised clinical trial AN - 18744759; 5621768 AB - Rifapentine has a long half-life in serum, which suggests a possible treatment once a week for tuberculosis. We aimed to compare rifapentine and isoniazid once a week with rifampicin and isoniazid twice a week. We did a randomised, multicentre, open-label trial in the USA and Canada of HIV-negative people with drug-susceptible pulmonary tuberculosis who had completed 2 months of a 6-month treatment regimen. We randomly allocated patients directly observed treatment with either 600 mg rifapentine plus 900 mg isoniazid once a week or 600 mg rifampicin plus 900 mg isoniazid twice a week. Primary outcome was failure/relapse. Analysis was by intention to treat. 1004 patients were enrolled (502 per treatment group). 928 successfully completed treatment, and 803 completed the 2-year 4-month study. Crude rates of failure/relapse were 46/502 (9 times 2%) in those on rifapentine once a week, and 28/502 (5 times 6%) in those given rifampicin twice a week (relative risk 1 times 64, 95% CI 1 times 04-2 times 58, p=0 times 04). By proportional hazards regression, five characteristics were independently associated with increased risk of failure/relapse: sputum culture positive at 2 months (hazard ratio 2 times 8, 95% CI 1 times 7-4 times 6); cavitation on chest radiography (3 times 0, 1 times 6-5 times 9); being underweight (3 times 0, 1 times 8-4 times 9); bilateral pulmonary involvement (1 times 8, 1 times 0-3 times 1); and being a non-Hispanic white person (1 times 8, 1 times 1-3 times 0). Adjustment for imbalances in 2-month culture and cavitation diminished the association of treatment group with outcome (1 times 34; 0 times 83-2 times 18; p=0 times 23). Of participants without cavitation, rates of failure/relapse were 6/210 (2 times 9%) in the once a week group and 6/241 (2 times 5%) in the twice a week group (relative risk 1 times 15; 95% CI 0 times 38-3 times 50; p=0 times 81). Rates of adverse events and death were similar in the two treatment groups. Rifapentine once a week is safe and effective for treatment of pulmonary tuberculosis in HIV-negative people without cavitation on chest radiography. Clinical, radiographic, and microbiological data help to identify patients with tuberculosis who are at increased risk of failure or relapse when treated with either regimen. JF - Lancet AU - Anonymous AD - TBTC Data and Coordinating Center, Research and Evaluation Branch, Division of TB Elimination, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Mailstop E-10, Atlanta GA 30333 USA, tbtc@cdc.gov Y1 - 2002/08/17/ PY - 2002 DA - 2002 Aug 17 SP - 528 EP - 534 VL - 360 IS - 9332 SN - 0099-5355, 0099-5355 KW - man KW - rifapentine KW - Microbiology Abstracts B: Bacteriology KW - J 02845:Ear, nose and respiratory tract UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/18744759?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologyb&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Lancet&rft.atitle=Rifapentine+and+isoniazid+once+a+week+versus+rifampicin+and+isoniazid+twice+a+week+for+treatment+of+drug-susceptible+pulmonary+tuberculosis+in+HIV-negative+patients%3A+a+randomised+clinical+trial&rft.au=Anonymous&rft.aulast=Anonymous&rft.aufirst=&rft.date=2002-08-17&rft.volume=360&rft.issue=9332&rft.spage=528&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Lancet&rft.issn=00995355&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Induction and superinduction of 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzo-rho-dioxin-inducible poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase: role of the aryl hydrocarbon receptor/aryl hydrocarbon receptor nuclear translocator transcription activation domains and a labile transcription repressor. AN - 71963560; 12147270 AB - The environmental contaminant 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin (TCDD) induces a novel poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase (TiPARP). In this study, the signaling pathway of the induction was analyzed. Induction of TiPARP by TCDD occurs in both hepa1c1c7 cells and C57 mouse liver. Induction is concentration and time dependent. Genetic analyses reveal that induction is abolished in aromatic hydrocarbon receptor (AhR)- or aromatic hydrocarbon receptor nuclear translocator (Arnt)-defective variants but restored upon reconstitution of the variant cells with cDNAs expressing functional AhR or Arnt. Moreover, induction is largely reduced in cells expressing a deletion mutant of AhR or Arnt lacking the transcription activation (TA) domain, thus implicating the TA activities of both AhR and Arnt in the induction. Inhibition of protein synthesis by cycloheximide enhances the induction of TiPARP in the presence of an AhR agonist. The superinduction is transcriptional and does not require pretreatment with TCDD. Finally, inhibition of the 26S proteasomes by MG132 superinduces TiPARP. These findings establish that induction of TiPARP by TCDD is mediated through an AhR and Arnt transcription activation-dependent signal transduction that is repressed by a labile factor through the ubiquitin-26S proteasome-mediated protein degradation. Copyright 2002 Elsevier Science (USA). JF - Archives of biochemistry and biophysics AU - Ma, Qiang AD - Receptor Biology Laboratory, Toxicology and Molecular Biology Branch, Health Effects Laboratory Division, National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Morgantown, WV 26505, USA. qam1@cdc.gov Y1 - 2002/08/15/ PY - 2002 DA - 2002 Aug 15 SP - 309 EP - 316 VL - 404 IS - 2 SN - 0003-9861, 0003-9861 KW - Arnt protein, mouse KW - 0 KW - Cysteine Proteinase Inhibitors KW - DNA-Binding Proteins KW - Leupeptins KW - Polychlorinated Dibenzodioxins KW - Protein Synthesis Inhibitors KW - RNA, Messenger KW - Receptors, Aryl Hydrocarbon KW - Transcription Factors KW - Aryl Hydrocarbon Receptor Nuclear Translocator KW - 138391-32-9 KW - Poly(ADP-ribose) Polymerases KW - EC 2.4.2.30 KW - Peptide Hydrolases KW - EC 3.4.- KW - Proteasome Endopeptidase Complex KW - EC 3.4.25.1 KW - ATP dependent 26S protease KW - EC 3.4.99.- KW - benzyloxycarbonylleucyl-leucyl-leucine aldehyde KW - RF1P63GW3K KW - Index Medicus KW - Peptide Hydrolases -- drug effects KW - Animals KW - Transcription, Genetic -- drug effects KW - Keratinocytes -- drug effects KW - Mice KW - Mice, Transgenic KW - RNA, Messenger -- biosynthesis KW - Mice, Knockout KW - Mutagenesis, Site-Directed KW - Cysteine Proteinase Inhibitors -- pharmacology KW - Leupeptins -- pharmacology KW - Protein Synthesis Inhibitors -- pharmacology KW - Cells, Cultured KW - Mice, Inbred C57BL KW - Protein Structure, Tertiary -- physiology KW - Crosses, Genetic KW - Keratinocytes -- cytology KW - Keratinocytes -- metabolism KW - Transcription Factors -- metabolism KW - Polychlorinated Dibenzodioxins -- pharmacology KW - Transcription Factors -- genetics KW - Poly(ADP-ribose) Polymerases -- metabolism KW - Signal Transduction -- physiology KW - Poly(ADP-ribose) Polymerases -- genetics KW - Enzyme Induction -- drug effects KW - Signal Transduction -- drug effects KW - Receptors, Aryl Hydrocarbon -- agonists KW - Transcription Factors -- deficiency KW - Receptors, Aryl Hydrocarbon -- deficiency KW - Receptors, Aryl Hydrocarbon -- genetics KW - Receptors, Aryl Hydrocarbon -- metabolism UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/71963560?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Archives+of+biochemistry+and+biophysics&rft.atitle=Induction+and+superinduction+of+2%2C3%2C7%2C8-tetrachlorodibenzo-rho-dioxin-inducible+poly%28ADP-ribose%29+polymerase%3A+role+of+the+aryl+hydrocarbon+receptor%2Faryl+hydrocarbon+receptor+nuclear+translocator+transcription+activation+domains+and+a+labile+transcription+repressor.&rft.au=Ma%2C+Qiang&rft.aulast=Ma&rft.aufirst=Qiang&rft.date=2002-08-15&rft.volume=404&rft.issue=2&rft.spage=309&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Archives+of+biochemistry+and+biophysics&rft.issn=00039861&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 2002-09-06 N1 - Date created - 2002-07-30 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - SuppNotes - Erratum In: Arch Biochem Biophys. 2003 Sep 1;417(1):129 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Adverse and beneficial secondary effects of mass treatment with azithromycin to eliminate blindness due to trachoma in Nepal. AN - 71939751; 12145722 AB - Mass administration of azithromycin to eliminate blindness due to trachoma has raised concerns regarding the emergence of antimicrobial resistance. During 2000, we compared the antimicrobial resistance of nasopharyngeal pneumococcal isolates recovered from and the prevalence of impetigo, respiratory symptoms, and diarrhea among 458 children in Nepal before and after mass administration of azithromycin. No azithromycin-resistant pneumococci were isolated except from 4.3% of children who had received azithromycin during 2 previous mass treatments (P<.001). There were decreases in the prevalence of impetigo (from 14% to 6% of subjects; adjusted odds ratio [OR], 0.41; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.21-0.80) and diarrhea (from 32% to 11%; adjusted OR, 0.26; 95% CI, 0.14-0.43) 10 days after azithromycin treatment. The absence of macrolide-resistant isolates after 1 mass treatment with azithromycin is encouraging, although the recovery of azithromycin-resistant isolates after 2 mass treatments suggests the need for resistance monitoring when multiple rounds of antimicrobial treatment are given. JF - Clinical infectious diseases : an official publication of the Infectious Diseases Society of America AU - Fry, A M AU - Jha, H C AU - Lietman, T M AU - Chaudhary, J S P AU - Bhatta, R C AU - Elliott, J AU - Hyde, T AU - Schuchat, A AU - Gaynor, B AU - Dowell, S F AD - Respiratory Diseases Branch, Division of Bacterial and Mycotic Diseases, National Center for Infectious Diseases, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA 30333, USA. afry@cdc.gov Y1 - 2002/08/15/ PY - 2002 DA - 2002 Aug 15 SP - 395 EP - 402 VL - 35 IS - 4 KW - Anti-Bacterial Agents KW - 0 KW - Azithromycin KW - 83905-01-5 KW - Index Medicus KW - Infant KW - Respiratory Tract Infections -- etiology KW - Gastrointestinal Diseases -- etiology KW - Drug Resistance, Bacterial KW - Humans KW - Nepal -- epidemiology KW - Chlamydia trachomatis -- drug effects KW - Child KW - Streptococcus pneumoniae -- drug effects KW - Male KW - Female KW - Child, Preschool KW - Anti-Bacterial Agents -- therapeutic use KW - Trachoma -- drug therapy KW - Blindness -- prevention & control KW - Trachoma -- epidemiology KW - Anti-Bacterial Agents -- adverse effects KW - Trachoma -- complications KW - Azithromycin -- adverse effects KW - Azithromycin -- therapeutic use KW - Blindness -- etiology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/71939751?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Clinical+infectious+diseases+%3A+an+official+publication+of+the+Infectious+Diseases+Society+of+America&rft.atitle=Adverse+and+beneficial+secondary+effects+of+mass+treatment+with+azithromycin+to+eliminate+blindness+due+to+trachoma+in+Nepal.&rft.au=Fry%2C+A+M%3BJha%2C+H+C%3BLietman%2C+T+M%3BChaudhary%2C+J+S+P%3BBhatta%2C+R+C%3BElliott%2C+J%3BHyde%2C+T%3BSchuchat%2C+A%3BGaynor%2C+B%3BDowell%2C+S+F&rft.aulast=Fry&rft.aufirst=A&rft.date=2002-08-15&rft.volume=35&rft.issue=4&rft.spage=395&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Clinical+infectious+diseases+%3A+an+official+publication+of+the+Infectious+Diseases+Society+of+America&rft.issn=1537-6591&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 2002-08-08 N1 - Date created - 2002-07-29 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Metal working fluids: sub-chronic effects on pulmonary functions in B6C3F1 mice given vitamin E deficient and sufficient diets. AN - 71932490; 12135630 AB - Metal working fluids (MWFs) have been widely known to cause asthma and neoplasia of the larynx, pancreas, rectum, skin and urinary bladder (Textbook of Clinical Occupational and Environmental Medicine (1994) 814; Am. J. Ind. Med. 32 (1997) 240; Am. J. Ind. Med. 33 (1997) 282; Am. J. Ind. Med. 22 (1994) 185). Other non-neoplastic respiratory effects in industrial workers attributed to MWFs include increased rates of cough, phlegm production, wheeze, chronic bronchitis and chest tightness (Eur. J. Resir. Dis. 63(118) (1982), 79; J. Occup. Med. 24 (1982) 473; Am. J. Ind. Med. 32 (1997) 450). The epidemic and endemic nature of immune mediated lung morbidity commonly known as hypersensitivity pneumonitis in workers from several different industries using MWFs has been well documented (J. Allergy clin. Immunol. 91 (1993) 311; Chest 108 (1995) 636; MMWR45 (1996) 606; Am. J. Ind. Med. 32 (1997) 423). We studied morphological/functional and antioxidant outcomes in lungs after inhalation exposure of vitamin E deficient mice to MWF (27 mg m(-3) 17 weeks, 5 days a week, 6 h a day). Mice were given vitamin E deficient (<10 IU kg(-1) vitamin E) or basal diets (50 IU kg(-1) vitamin E) for 35 weeks. Inhalation exposure to MWF started after 18 weeks on diet. Microscopic observation of lungs from mice given vitamin E deficient or sufficient diets revealed no inflammation or morphological alteration after exposure to MWF. Mice given vitamin E deficient diet exhibited a significant decrease (P<0.05) in breathing rate, peak inspiratory/expiratory flow, minute ventilation, and tidal volume compared with sufficient controls. However, no differences were found after exposure to MWF in pulmonary function, with the exception of tidal volume which also significantly decreased (P<0.05). Exposure to MWF reduced vitamin E, protein thiol and ascorbate level in lungs. Exposure to MWF in combination with a vitamin E deficient diet resulted in significantly enhanced accumulation of peroxidative products compared with vitamin E deficient controls. This is the first report that describes the increase of oxidative stress in the lungs after MWF exposure. JF - Toxicology AU - Shvedova, Anna A AU - Kisin, Elena AU - Murray, Ashley AU - Goldsmith, Travis AU - Reynolds, Jeffrey S AU - Castranova, Vincent AU - Frazer, David G AU - Kommineni, Choudari AD - Pathology and Physiology Research Branch, Engineering Control and Technology Branch, National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Morgantown, WV 26505, USA. ats1@cdc.gov Y1 - 2002/08/15/ PY - 2002 DA - 2002 Aug 15 SP - 285 EP - 297 VL - 177 IS - 2-3 SN - 0300-483X, 0300-483X KW - Vitamin E KW - 1406-18-4 KW - Glutathione KW - GAN16C9B8O KW - Index Medicus KW - Animals KW - Glutathione -- analysis KW - Lipid Peroxidation -- drug effects KW - Mice KW - Metallurgy KW - Male KW - Industrial Oils -- toxicity KW - Vitamin E Deficiency -- physiopathology KW - Lung -- drug effects KW - Vitamin E -- pharmacology KW - Lung -- physiology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/71932490?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Toxicology&rft.atitle=Metal+working+fluids%3A+sub-chronic+effects+on+pulmonary+functions+in+B6C3F1+mice+given+vitamin+E+deficient+and+sufficient+diets.&rft.au=Shvedova%2C+Anna+A%3BKisin%2C+Elena%3BMurray%2C+Ashley%3BGoldsmith%2C+Travis%3BReynolds%2C+Jeffrey+S%3BCastranova%2C+Vincent%3BFrazer%2C+David+G%3BKommineni%2C+Choudari&rft.aulast=Shvedova&rft.aufirst=Anna&rft.date=2002-08-15&rft.volume=177&rft.issue=2-3&rft.spage=285&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Toxicology&rft.issn=0300483X&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 2002-09-10 N1 - Date created - 2002-07-23 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Insights into the Quantitative Relationship between Sensitization and Challenge for Allergic Contact Dermatitis Reactions AN - 18473855; 5446893 AB - The ability of chemical or pharmaceutical agents to induce allergic contact dermatitis (ACD) is of major health and regulatory concern. As such, tests to identify their sensitizing capacity, such as the guinea pig maximization test and the more recently developed local lymph node assay, are broadly used. Ideally, for risk assessment it is useful to translate results from animal data into establishing safe or no-effect levels for occupational or environmental agents. This, of course, would require consideration of the quantitative relationships between sensitizing and challenge doses as well as other exposure conditions. In the present studies, we modeled two sensitizers, 2,4-dinitrochlorobenzene and squaric acid dibutyl ester, over a large range of concentrations using the LLNA and more traditional tests that measure both sensitization and elicitation responses. Both the sensitization and challenge phases provided similar dose-response curves, demonstrating a threshold followed by a shallow linear increase and eventual plateau at increasing doses. Extending earlier studies by P. S. Friedmann (1994, Immunotoxicology and Immunopharmacology, pp. 589-616, Raven Press, New York) in humans, we observed that the minimum dose required to elicit sensitization or challenge was not static, but rather reflected a 'sliding-scale.' That is, as the sensitization dose was increased, the concentration required to elicit a challenge response was decreased. Correspondingly, as the challenge dose was increased, the dose required for sensitization was lessened. Taken together, these findings indicate that there is a need to consider dose-response relationships for sensitization and challenge in establishing minimum exposure levels for chemicals that cause ACD. JF - Toxicology and Applied Pharmacology AU - Scott, A E AU - Kashon, M L AU - Yucesoy, B AU - Luster, MI AU - Tinkle, S S AD - Toxicology and Molecular Biology Branch, National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, 1095 Willowdale Road, Morgantown, West Virginia, 26505, mluster@cdc.gov Y1 - 2002/08/15/ PY - 2002 DA - 2002 Aug 15 SP - 66 EP - 70 PB - Academic Press VL - 183 IS - 1 SN - 0041-008X, 0041-008X KW - 2,4-Dinitrochlorobenzene KW - challenge KW - sensitization KW - squaric acid dibutyl ester KW - Toxicology Abstracts KW - X 24221:Toxicity testing UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/18473855?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxicologyabstracts&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Toxicology+and+Applied+Pharmacology&rft.atitle=Insights+into+the+Quantitative+Relationship+between+Sensitization+and+Challenge+for+Allergic+Contact+Dermatitis+Reactions&rft.au=Scott%2C+A+E%3BKashon%2C+M+L%3BYucesoy%2C+B%3BLuster%2C+MI%3BTinkle%2C+S+S&rft.aulast=Scott&rft.aufirst=A&rft.date=2002-08-15&rft.volume=183&rft.issue=1&rft.spage=66&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Toxicology+and+Applied+Pharmacology&rft.issn=0041008X&rft_id=info:doi/10.1006%2Ftaap.2002.9469 LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1006/taap.2002.9469 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Outbreak of Salmonella serotype Javiana infections--Orlando, Florida, June 2002. AN - 72092329; 12233909 AB - On July 16, 2002, the Minnesota Department of Health identified two cases of Salmonella serotype Javiana infections among persons who had attended the 2002 U.S. Transplant Games held at theme park A in Orlando, Florida, during June 25-29. Isolates from both patients were indistinguishable by pulsed field gel electrophoresis (PFGE). The U.S. Transplant Games is a 4-day athletic competition among recipients of solid organ transplants (i.e., heart, liver, kidney, lung, and pancreas) and bone marrow transplants. Approximately 6,000 persons from the United States and five other countries, including 1,500 transplant-recipient athletes, participated in the games. This report summarizes the results of an ongoing epidemiologic and laboratory investigation that has identified 141 ill persons in 32 states who attended the games. JF - MMWR. Morbidity and mortality weekly report AU - Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) AD - Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) Y1 - 2002/08/09/ PY - 2002 DA - 2002 Aug 09 SP - 683 EP - 684 VL - 51 IS - 31 SN - 0149-2195, 0149-2195 KW - Index Medicus KW - Humans KW - Serotyping KW - Aged KW - Child KW - Disease Outbreaks KW - Organ Transplantation KW - Child, Preschool KW - Florida -- epidemiology KW - Adult KW - Immunocompromised Host KW - Middle Aged KW - Salmonella -- isolation & purification KW - Adolescent KW - Salmonella Food Poisoning -- epidemiology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/72092329?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=MMWR.+Morbidity+and+mortality+weekly+report&rft.atitle=Outbreak+of+Salmonella+serotype+Javiana+infections--Orlando%2C+Florida%2C+June+2002.&rft.au=Centers+for+Disease+Control+and+Prevention+%28CDC%29&rft.aulast=Centers+for+Disease+Control+and+Prevention+%28CDC%29&rft.aufirst=&rft.date=2002-08-09&rft.volume=51&rft.issue=31&rft.spage=683&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=MMWR.+Morbidity+and+mortality+weekly+report&rft.issn=01492195&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 2002-09-26 N1 - Date created - 2002-09-17 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Childhood lead poisoning associated with tamarind candy and folk remedies--California, 1999-2000. AN - 72091225; 12233910 AB - Lead poisoning affects children adversely worldwide. In the United States, elevated blood lead levels (BLLs) (>10 microg/dL) result primarily from exposure to lead-based paint or from associated lead-contaminated dust and soil; however, other sources of lead exposure, including folk remedies, Mexican terra cotta pottery, and certain imported candies, also have been associated with elevated BLLs in children. This report describes five cases in California of lead poisoning from atypical sources. Health-care providers should be aware of the potential hazards of certain food products, and community members should be educated about potential sources of lead poisoning for children. JF - MMWR. Morbidity and mortality weekly report AU - Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) AD - Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) Y1 - 2002/08/09/ PY - 2002 DA - 2002 Aug 09 SP - 684 EP - 686 VL - 51 IS - 31 SN - 0149-2195, 0149-2195 KW - Lead KW - 2P299V784P KW - lead tetroxide KW - A4G39L7HN2 KW - Index Medicus KW - Mexico KW - Hispanic Americans KW - Humans KW - Child KW - California -- epidemiology KW - Male KW - Female KW - Child, Preschool KW - Candy KW - Tamarindus KW - Lead Poisoning -- epidemiology KW - Lead Poisoning -- etiology KW - Medicine, Traditional UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/72091225?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=MMWR.+Morbidity+and+mortality+weekly+report&rft.atitle=Childhood+lead+poisoning+associated+with+tamarind+candy+and+folk+remedies--California%2C+1999-2000.&rft.au=Centers+for+Disease+Control+and+Prevention+%28CDC%29&rft.aulast=Centers+for+Disease+Control+and+Prevention+%28CDC%29&rft.aufirst=&rft.date=2002-08-09&rft.volume=51&rft.issue=31&rft.spage=684&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=MMWR.+Morbidity+and+mortality+weekly+report&rft.issn=01492195&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 2002-09-26 N1 - Date created - 2002-09-17 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Cost-effectiveness of roll-over protective structures. AN - 72052616; 12210685 AB - Roll-over protective structures (ROPS) are proven to prevent fatalities from agricultural tractor overturns, accounting for more than one-third of all production agriculture-related fatalities in the United States. In 1997, there were approximately 1.2 million ROPS-retrofittable tractors in the United States. A decision analysis is used to compare the health outcomes of installing ROPS on retrofittable tractors, relative to doing nothing. A cost-effectiveness analysis builds on these results to assess the costs and benefits of installing ROPS on retrofittable tractors. Doing nothing would result in 1,450 fatalities and 1,806 nonfatal injuries, while installing ROPS would prevent 1,176 fatalities and 957 nonfatal injuries. Installing ROPS would cost $489,373 per injury prevented. Installing ROPS on retrofittable tractors would reduce fatalities from tractor overturns by more than 80% and nonfatal injuries by about 53%. The cost per injury prevented would be similar to that of other injury-preventing interventions. ROPS would help prevent additional injuries from falling off tractors and tractor collisions with motor vehicles. Published 2002 Wiley-Liss, Inc. JF - American journal of industrial medicine AU - Pana-Cryan, Regina AU - Myers, Melvin L AD - Office of the Director, National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, 200 Independence Ave., SW, MS P-12, Washington, DC 20201, USA. RPana-Cryan@cdc.gov Y1 - 2002/08// PY - 2002 DA - August 2002 SP - 68 EP - 71 VL - Suppl 2 SN - 0271-3586, 0271-3586 KW - Index Medicus KW - Humans KW - Cost-Benefit Analysis KW - Equipment Safety KW - Decision Support Techniques KW - Accidents, Occupational -- prevention & control KW - Agriculture -- instrumentation KW - Protective Devices -- economics KW - Accident Prevention KW - Accidents, Occupational -- economics KW - Motor Vehicles UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/72052616?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=American+journal+of+industrial+medicine&rft.atitle=Cost-effectiveness+of+roll-over+protective+structures.&rft.au=Pana-Cryan%2C+Regina%3BMyers%2C+Melvin+L&rft.aulast=Pana-Cryan&rft.aufirst=Regina&rft.date=2002-08-01&rft.volume=Suppl+2&rft.issue=&rft.spage=68&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=American+journal+of+industrial+medicine&rft.issn=02713586&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 2002-11-12 N1 - Date created - 2002-09-04 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Addressing community concerns about asthma and air toxics. AN - 72029069; 12194887 AB - People with asthma who live near or downwind from a source of toxic emissions commonly express concerns about the possible impact of hazardous air pollution on their health, especially when these emissions are visible or odorous. Citizens frequently turn to their local and state health departments for answers, but health departments face many challenges in addressing these concerns. These challenges include a lack of asthma statistics at the local level, limited exposure information, and a paucity of scientific knowledge about the contributions of hazardous air pollutants to asthma induction or exacerbation. Health agencies are creatively developing methods to address these challenges while working toward improving asthma surveillance data at the state and local levels. Recent community health investigations suggest that hazardous air pollutants that are occupational asthmagens or associated with odors may deserve more attention. In seeking to address community concerns about hazardous air pollution and asthma, community health investigations may also help to fill gaps in our scientific knowledge and identify areas for further research or environmental intervention. The solutions to community problems associated with environmental contamination and asthma, however, require sustained, coordinated efforts by public and private groups and citizens. Public health agencies can make a unique contribution to this effort, but additional resources and support will be required to develop information systems and epidemiologic capacity at the state and local levels. JF - Environmental health perspectives AU - White, Mary C AU - Berger-Frank, Sherri A AU - Middleton, Dannie C AU - Falk, Henry AD - Health Investigations Branch, Division of Health Studies, Agency for Toxic Substances and Disease Registry Atlanta, Georgia, USA. mcwhite@cdc.gov Y1 - 2002/08// PY - 2002 DA - August 2002 SP - 561 EP - 564 VL - 110 Suppl 4 SN - 0091-6765, 0091-6765 KW - Air Pollutants KW - 0 KW - Hazardous Waste KW - Index Medicus KW - Policy Making KW - Humans KW - Health Policy KW - Odorants KW - Prevalence KW - Population Surveillance KW - Information Services KW - Asthma -- epidemiology KW - Asthma -- etiology KW - Public Health KW - Environmental Exposure KW - Air Pollutants -- adverse effects UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/72029069?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Environmental+health+perspectives&rft.atitle=Addressing+community+concerns+about+asthma+and+air+toxics.&rft.au=White%2C+Mary+C%3BBerger-Frank%2C+Sherri+A%3BMiddleton%2C+Dannie+C%3BFalk%2C+Henry&rft.aulast=White&rft.aufirst=Mary&rft.date=2002-08-01&rft.volume=110+Suppl+4&rft.issue=&rft.spage=561&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Environmental+health+perspectives&rft.issn=00916765&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 2002-10-01 N1 - Date created - 2002-08-26 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - SuppNotes - Cited By: J Asthma. 2001 Feb;38(1):83-9 [11256558] JAMA. 2001 Feb 21;285(7):897-905 [11180733] Public Health Rep. 2001 Jan-Feb;116(1):32-44 [11571406] Lancet. 2002 Feb 2;359(9304):386-91 [11844508] Am J Med. 1986 Jan;80(1):18-22 [3079951] Environ Res. 1987 Aug;43(2):290-307 [3608934] Am J Public Health. 1989 May;79(5):623-8 [2495741] N Engl J Med. 1989 Apr 27;320(17):1097-102 [2710172] Chest. 1990 Jan;97(1):121-5 [2153064] Arch Environ Health. 1992 Jan-Feb;47(1):76-87 [1540008] J Expo Anal Environ Epidemiol. 1991 Jan;1(1):31-44 [1824310] Am J Epidemiol. 1993 Jun 15;137(12):1287-301 [8333411] Arch Environ Health. 1995 Mar-Apr;50(2):87-94 [7786055] Environ Health Perspect. 1995 Sep;103 Suppl 6:243-7 [8549480] Environ Health Perspect. 1995 Sep;103 Suppl 6:253-71 [8549483] Am J Respir Crit Care Med. 1996 Jan;153(1):3-50 [8542133] Am J Epidemiol. 1997 Mar 1;145(5):432-8 [9048517] MMWR CDC Surveill Summ. 1998 Apr 24;47(1):1-27 [9580746] Environ Health Perspect. 1998 Jun;106 Suppl 3:849-55 [9646048] Environ Health Perspect. 1998 May;106(5):245-51 [9518474] Environ Health Perspect. 1998 Oct;106(10):665-6 [9755143] Environ Res. 1999 Feb;80(2 Pt 1):110-21 [10092402] Environ Health Perspect. 1999 Jun;107 Suppl 3:391-2 [10346987] Environ Health Perspect. 1999 Jun;107 Suppl 3:403-7 [10346989] J Allergy Clin Immunol. 1999 Oct;104(4 Pt 1):717-22 [10518814] Epidemiology. 2000 Jan;11(1):2-4 [10615834] Epidemiology. 2000 Jan;11(1):64-70 [10615846] Environ Health Perspect. 2000 Jun;108(6):A252-3 [10856036] Epidemiology. 2000 Jul;11(4):450-6 [10874554] Environ Health Perspect. 2000 Aug;108 Suppl 4:615-23 [10931780] Environ Health Perspect. 2000 Aug;108 Suppl 4:625-33 [10940240] Chem Senses. 2001 Mar;26(3):339-43 [11287393] N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Asthma in the United States: burden and current theories. AN - 72028628; 12194886 AB - Asthma has emerged as a major public health problem in the United States over the past 20 years. Currently, nearly 15 million Americans have asthma, including almost 5 million children. The number of asthma cases has more than doubled since 1980. Approximately 5,500 persons die from asthma each year, and rates have increased over the past 20 years. Rates of death, hospitalization, and emergency department visits are 2-3 times higher among African Americans than among white Americans. The costs of asthma have also increased to 12.7 billion dollars in 1998. Both lifestyle and environmental hypotheses have been invoked to explain the increase in asthma prevalence. Several studies have examined the relationship of obesity and asthma and found associations suggesting that obesity predisposes to the development of asthma. Some studies have found that day care attendance and having older siblings protect against the development of asthma. This observation has led investigators to hypothesize that increased exposure to microbial agents might protect against asthma (the hygiene hypothesis). Environmental exposures found to predispose to asthma include house dust mite allergen and environmental tobacco smoke. Although current knowledge does not permit definitive conclusions about the causes of asthma onset, better adherence to current recommendations for medical therapy and environmental management of asthma would reduce the burden of this disease. JF - Environmental health perspectives AU - Redd, Stephen C AD - Air Pollution and Respiratory Health Branch, National Center for Environmental Health, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia 30329, USA. scr1@cdc.gov Y1 - 2002/08// PY - 2002 DA - August 2002 SP - 557 EP - 560 VL - 110 Suppl 4 SN - 0091-6765, 0091-6765 KW - Air Pollutants KW - 0 KW - Allergens KW - Index Medicus KW - Animals KW - Humans KW - Adult KW - Mites KW - Nuclear Family KW - Child KW - Risk Assessment KW - Prevalence KW - Obesity -- complications KW - Life Style KW - Air Pollution, Indoor -- adverse effects KW - Asthma -- etiology KW - Cost of Illness KW - Asthma -- economics KW - Air Pollutants -- adverse effects KW - Asthma -- complications UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/72028628?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Environmental+health+perspectives&rft.atitle=Asthma+in+the+United+States%3A+burden+and+current+theories.&rft.au=Redd%2C+Stephen+C&rft.aulast=Redd&rft.aufirst=Stephen&rft.date=2002-08-01&rft.volume=110+Suppl+4&rft.issue=&rft.spage=557&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Environmental+health+perspectives&rft.issn=00916765&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 2002-10-01 N1 - Date created - 2002-08-26 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - SuppNotes - Cited By: JAMA. 1999 Oct 27;282(16):1519-22 [10546690] Thorax. 1999 May;54(5):396-402 [10212102] Am J Respir Crit Care Med. 2000 Feb;161(2 Pt 1):504-9 [10673193] Curr Opin Pulm Med. 1999 Jan;5(1):21-6 [10813245] N Engl J Med. 2000 Aug 24;343(8):538-43 [10954761] Am J Epidemiol. 2000 Apr 15;151(8):798-810 [10965977] J Allergy Clin Immunol. 2000 Sep;106(3):493-9 [10984369] N Engl J Med. 2001 Feb 1;344(5):350-62 [11172168] Lancet. 2001 Jul 21;358(9277):188-93 [11476835] Am J Respir Crit Care Med. 2001 Oct 1;164(7):1107-8; discussion 1108-9 [11673190] Am J Respir Crit Care Med. 2001 Oct 15;164(8 Pt 1):1343-6 [11704578] Lancet. 2002 Feb 2;359(9304):386-91 [11844508] N Engl J Med. 1992 Mar 26;326(13):862-6 [1542323] Am Rev Respir Dis. 1992 Oct;146(4):888-94 [1416415] Thorax. 1993 Apr;48(4):375-80 [8511735] J Allergy Clin Immunol. 1994 May;93(5):842-6 [8182225] Am J Med. 1996 Apr;100(4):386-94 [8610724] J Allergy Clin Immunol. 1997 Apr;99(4):454-60 [9111488] JAMA. 1997 Dec 10;278(22):1907-13 [9396652] Thorax. 1998 Jan;53(1):28-32 [9577518] MMWR CDC Surveill Summ. 1998 Apr 24;47(1):1-27 [9580746] Ann Allergy Asthma Immunol. 1998 Jul;81(1):82-8 [9690577] Arch Intern Med. 1999 Nov 22;159(21):2582-8 [10573048] N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Work-related asthma and implications for the general public. AN - 72024910; 12194889 AB - Asthma has been increasing over the last two decades in the United States. The onset of asthma has also been increasingly reported as a result of occupational exposures to over 350 different agents. Work-related asthma (WRA) has become the most frequently diagnosed occupational respiratory illness. Epidemiologic studies from the United States reported WRA incidence rates of 29-710 cases per million workers per year and suggest that 10-25% of adult asthma is work related. Much can be learned about asthma in the general population from investigations of asthma in the workplace. Surveillance of WRA continues to highlight an important role for low molecular weight chemical sensitizers, as well as high molecular weight antigens. Additionally, recent reports implicate mixed exposures, including commercial cleaning solutions, solvents, and other respiratory irritants, as well as contamination in nonindustrial environments, including schools and offices. Investigations of WRA have demonstrated a clear dose-related increase in sensitization and symptoms for exposures to both chemical and protein sensitizers. High proportions of exposed working groups can be affected. Skin exposures may affect the likelihood of individuals developing respiratory symptoms. Atopy increases the risk of sensitization and illness from workplace exposure to antigens but not to chemical sensitizers. Irritant exposures can act as adjuvants among individuals exposed to sensitizing substances, increasing the proportion who become sensitized. Atopy might also be a result of irritant exposures in some persons. Occupational asthma often has important long-term adverse health and economic consequences but can resolve completely with timely control of exposures. Detailed study of such asthma "cures" may prove useful in understanding factors that influence asthmatic airway inflammation in the general population. JF - Environmental health perspectives AU - Petsonk, Edward L AD - Surveillance Branch, Division of Respiratory Disease Studies, National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, Morgantown, West Virginia 26505-2888, USA. elp2@cdc.gov Y1 - 2002/08// PY - 2002 DA - August 2002 SP - 569 EP - 572 VL - 110 Suppl 4 SN - 0091-6765, 0091-6765 KW - Allergens KW - 0 KW - Index Medicus KW - Public Health KW - Humans KW - Incidence KW - Workplace KW - Allergens -- adverse effects KW - Population Surveillance KW - Occupational Exposure KW - Asthma -- epidemiology KW - Asthma -- etiology KW - Immunization KW - Asthma -- immunology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/72024910?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Environmental+health+perspectives&rft.atitle=Work-related+asthma+and+implications+for+the+general+public.&rft.au=Petsonk%2C+Edward+L&rft.aulast=Petsonk&rft.aufirst=Edward&rft.date=2002-08-01&rft.volume=110+Suppl+4&rft.issue=&rft.spage=569&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Environmental+health+perspectives&rft.issn=00916765&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 2002-10-01 N1 - Date created - 2002-08-26 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - SuppNotes - Cited By: Epidemiology. 2001 Mar;12(2):200-8 [11246581] Toxicol Sci. 2001 Apr;60(2):356-62 [11248148] J Allergy Clin Immunol. 2001 May;107(5):797-804 [11344345] Res Rep Health Eff Inst. 2000 Jun;94(Pt 2):5-70; discussion 71-9 [11354823] Circulation. 2001 Jun 12;103(23):2810-5 [11401937] Environ Health Perspect. 2001 Jun;109 Suppl 3:395-403 [11427389] Eur Respir J. 2001 May;17(5):909-15 [11488325] Am J Respir Crit Care Med. 2001 Aug 15;164(4):704-8 [11520740] Am J Epidemiol. 1995 Mar 15;141(6):546-53 [7900722] Am J Respir Crit Care Med. 1995 May;151(5):1336-45 [7735583] Int Arch Allergy Immunol. 1995 May-Jun;107(1-3):236-8 [7613140] Am J Respir Crit Care Med. 1995 Aug;152(2):603-8 [7633714] Epidemiology. 1995 Nov;6(6):629-32 [8589096] Am J Respir Cell Mol Biol. 1991 Jan;4(1):72-81 [1846079] Arch Environ Health. 1991 Mar-Apr;46(2):90-7 [2006899] Lancet. 1991 Jul 27;338(8761):199-203 [1676776] Thorax. 1992 Apr;47(4):288-91 [1585294] Eur Respir J. 1992 Sep;5(8):992-6 [1426208] Am Rev Respir Dis. 1992 Aug;146(2):352-7 [1489124] Exp Lung Res. 1993 Jan-Mar;19(1):55-65 [8440202] Immunobiology. 1993 Apr;187(3-5):233-56 [8330898] Am J Ind Med. 1994 Jan;25(1):103-4 [8116630] Environ Res. 1994 Apr;65(1):56-68 [8162885] J Clin Invest. 1994 Oct;94(4):1417-25 [7523450] Arch Intern Med. 1994 Oct 24;154(20):2339-45 [7944856] Chest. 1994 Dec;106(6):1757-65 [7988196] J Allergy Clin Immunol. 1995 Jan;95(1 Pt 1):103-15 [7529782] Am J Physiol. 1999 Nov;277(5 Pt 1):L924-31 [10564177] Am J Physiol. 1999 Nov;277(5 Pt 1):L960-7 [10564181] Environ Health Perspect. 1999 Dec;107(12):1001-6 [10585904] Am J Respir Crit Care Med. 1999 Dec;160(6):1897-904 [10588603] J Allergy Clin Immunol. 1999 Dec;104(6):1183-8 [10588999] J Allergy Clin Immunol. 1999 Dec;104(6):1198-204 [10589001] Clin Exp Allergy. 1999 Dec;29(12):1632-40 [10594539] Am J Respir Crit Care Med. 2000 Feb;161(2 Pt 1):550-7 [10673199] Environ Health Perspect. 1995 Sep;103 Suppl 6:235-42 [8549479] Am J Respir Crit Care Med. 1996 Jan;153(1):56-64 [8542163] FEBS Lett. 1996 Feb 5;379(3):265-8 [8603703] Am J Physiol. 1996 May;270(5 Pt 1):L736-44 [8967507] Am J Respir Crit Care Med. 1996 Jul;154(1):24-9 [8680687] J Allergy Clin Immunol. 1996 Jul;98(1):114-23 [8765825] Am J Respir Crit Care Med. 1996 Aug;154(2 Pt 1):300-7 [8756798] J Allergy Clin Immunol. 1996 Sep;98(3):563-72 [8828534] Am J Respir Crit Care Med. 1996 Dec;154(6 Pt 1):1641-6 [8970348] J Immunol. 1997 Mar 1;158(5):2406-13 [9036991] Eur Respir J. 1997 Feb;10(2):381-7 [9042636] Toxicol Appl Pharmacol. 1997 Feb;142(2):256-63 [9070347] Int Arch Allergy Immunol. 1997 May-Jul;113(1-3):65-8 [9130486] Eur Respir J. 1997 Apr;10(4):872-9 [9150327] Environ Res. 1997 Feb;72(2):162-72 [9177658] Am J Respir Cell Mol Biol. 1997 Nov;17(5):625-33 [9374114] Res Rep Health Eff Inst. 1997 Jun;(78):1-37; discussion 81-99 [9387195] Environ Health Perspect. 1997 Sep;105 Suppl 5:1053-60 [9400700] J Allergy Clin Immunol. 1997 Dec;100(6 Pt 1):802-8 [9438490] Am J Respir Crit Care Med. 1998 Jan;157(1):15-8 [9445272] Arch Environ Health. 1997 Sep-Oct;52(5):368-76 [9546760] Eur Respir J. 1998 Feb;11(2):317-23 [9551731] Am J Respir Cell Mol Biol. 1998 Jul;19(1):98-106 [9651185] Eur Respir J. 1998 Jun;11(6):1307-11 [9657571] Am J Physiol. 1998 Sep;275(3 Pt 1):L551-8 [9728050] Am J Respir Cell Mol Biol. 1998 Sep;19(3):507-12 [9730879] Am J Respir Crit Care Med. 1999 Mar;159(3):702-9 [10051240] Inhal Toxicol. 1999 Jan;11(1):37-49 [10380158] Am J Respir Crit Care Med. 1999 Jul;160(1):297-303 [10390415] Toxicol Appl Pharmacol. 1999 Aug 1;158(3):269-77 [10438660] J Clin Invest. 1999 Oct;104(7):837-43 [10510321] Environ Health Perspect. 2001 Aug;109 Suppl 4:483-6 [11544151] J Allergy Clin Immunol. 2001 Oct;108(4):577-80 [11590384] Environ Health Perspect. 2002 Feb;110 Suppl 1:89-94 [11834466] Prog Clin Biol Res. 1982;93:399-409 [7122603] Clin Allergy. 1984 Jan;14(1):109-12 [6697469] Am J Ind Med. 1986;9(3):247-60 [3515917] Am Rev Respir Dis. 1989 Feb;139(2):407-15 [2913889] Am J Public Health. 1989 May;79(5):623-8 [2495741] J Appl Physiol (1985). 1989 Mar;66(3):1059-64 [2708231] Am Ind Hyg Assoc J. 1989 Aug;50(8):A-594, A-596 [2619816] Am Rev Respir Dis. 1990 Sep;142(3):594-601 [2202248] J Allergy Clin Immunol. 2000 Mar;105(3):475-81 [10719296] Am J Respir Cell Mol Biol. 2000 May;22(5):620-7 [10783135] Toxicol Appl Pharmacol. 2000 May 15;165(1):84-93 [10814556] Nat Genet. 2000 Jun;25(2):187-91 [10835634] Eur Respir J. 2000 Jun;15(6):1046-51 [10885423] Inhal Toxicol. 2000 May;12(5):401-14 [10880136] Inhal Toxicol. 2000 Jun;12(6):453-68 [10880139] Lancet. 2000 May 13;355(9216):1680-3 [10905243] Methods Enzymol. 2000;319:551-62 [10907543] Am J Epidemiol. 2000 Apr 15;151(8):798-810 [10965977] Am J Respir Crit Care Med. 2000 Sep;162(3 Pt 1):981-8 [10988117] Clin Immunol. 2000 Nov;97(2):140-5 [11027454] Toxicology. 2000 Nov 2;152(1-3):25-30 [11090936] Environ Health Perspect. 2000 Nov;108(11):1023-8 [11102291] J Air Waste Manag Assoc. 2000 Nov;50(11):1876-86 [11111332] J Allergy Clin Immunol. 2000 Dec;106(6):1140-6 [11112898] J Allergy Clin Immunol. 2001 Jan;107(1):31-5 [11149987] Arch Environ Health. 2000 Nov-Dec;55(6):424-30 [11128881] N Engl J Med. 2001 Feb 1;344(5):350-62 [11172168] Inhal Toxicol. 2001 Jan;13(1):37-54 [11153059] Am J Respir Crit Care Med. 2001 Feb;163(2):322-8 [11179100] Am J Physiol Lung Cell Mol Physiol. 2001 Feb;280(2):L326-33 [11159012] N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Reducing STD and HIV risk behavior of substance-dependent adolescents: a randomized controlled trial. AN - 72013448; 12182264 AB - A randomized controlled trial assessed 3 interventions designed to increase safer sex behaviors of substance-dependent adolescents. Participants (N = 161) received 12 sessions of either a health information intervention (I only), information plus skills-based safer sex training (I + B), or the same experimental condition plus a risk-sensitization manipulation (I + M + B). The I + B and I + M + B conditions, as compared with the I only condition, (a) produced more favorable attitudes toward condoms; (b) reduced the frequency of unprotected vaginal sex; and (c) increased behavioral skill performance, frequency of condom-protected sex, percentage of intercourse occasions that were condom protected, and number of adolescents who abstained from sex. The intervention that included the risk-sensitization procedure was more resistant to decay. An unexpected finding was that the I + B and I + M + B conditions produced substantial increases in sexual abstinence. JF - Journal of consulting and clinical psychology AU - St Lawrence, Janet S AU - Crosby, Richard A AU - Brasfield, Ted L AU - O'Bannon, Robert E AD - Division of Sexually Transmitted Disease Prevention, National Center for HIV, STD, and Tuberculosis Prevention, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia 30333, USA. nzs4@cdc.gov Y1 - 2002/08// PY - 2002 DA - August 2002 SP - 1010 EP - 1021 VL - 70 IS - 4 SN - 0022-006X, 0022-006X KW - Index Medicus KW - Self Disclosure KW - Humans KW - Adolescent Behavior -- psychology KW - Adolescent KW - Male KW - Female KW - Health Promotion KW - Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome -- prevention & control KW - Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome -- epidemiology KW - Risk-Taking KW - Substance-Related Disorders -- rehabilitation KW - Sexually Transmitted Diseases -- prevention & control KW - HIV Seropositivity -- transmission KW - HIV Seropositivity -- epidemiology KW - Substance-Related Disorders -- epidemiology KW - Sexually Transmitted Diseases -- epidemiology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/72013448?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+consulting+and+clinical+psychology&rft.atitle=Reducing+STD+and+HIV+risk+behavior+of+substance-dependent+adolescents%3A+a+randomized+controlled+trial.&rft.au=St+Lawrence%2C+Janet+S%3BCrosby%2C+Richard+A%3BBrasfield%2C+Ted+L%3BO%27Bannon%2C+Robert+E&rft.aulast=St+Lawrence&rft.aufirst=Janet&rft.date=2002-08-01&rft.volume=70&rft.issue=4&rft.spage=1010&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+consulting+and+clinical+psychology&rft.issn=0022006X&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 2002-09-25 N1 - Date created - 2002-08-16 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Involuntary smoking and asthma severity in children: data from the Third National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey. AN - 71998694; 12171810 AB - We sought to determine the indicators of asthma severity among children in the United States with high and low levels of tobacco smoke exposure. Cross-sectional study. Nationally representative survey of participants in the Third National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (from 1988 to 1994). Five hundred twenty-three children with physician-diagnosed asthma. We stratified the study participants into tertiles on the basis of serum levels of cotinine (a metabolite of nicotine that indicates tobacco smoke exposure). We used logistic and linear regression modeling, adjusting for known covariates, to determine the effect of high environmental tobacco smoke exposure on the following outcomes: asthma severity (determined using reported symptom and respiratory illness frequency); lung function; physician visits; and school absence. Among our study sample, 78.6% of children had mild asthma, 6.8% of children had moderate asthma, and 14.6% of children had severe asthma. Asthmatic children with high levels of smoke exposure, compared with those with low levels of exposure, were more likely to have moderate or severe asthma (odds ratio, 2.7 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.1 to 6.8) and decreased lung function, with a mean FEV(1) decrement of 213 mL or 8.1% (95% CI, -14.7 to -3.5). Involuntary smoke exposure is associated with increased asthma severity and worsened lung function in a nationally representative group of US children with asthma. JF - Chest AU - Mannino, David M AU - Homa, David M AU - Redd, Stephen C AD - Air Pollution and Respiratory Health Branch, Division of Environmental Hazards and Health Effects, National Center for Environmental Health, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA 30333, USA. dmannino@cdc.gov Y1 - 2002/08// PY - 2002 DA - August 2002 SP - 409 EP - 415 VL - 122 IS - 2 SN - 0012-3692, 0012-3692 KW - Tobacco Smoke Pollution KW - 0 KW - Cotinine KW - K5161X06LL KW - Abridged Index Medicus KW - Index Medicus KW - United States KW - Severity of Illness Index KW - Respiratory Function Tests KW - Regression Analysis KW - Humans KW - Cotinine -- blood KW - Child KW - Nutrition Surveys KW - Child, Preschool KW - Cross-Sectional Studies KW - Logistic Models KW - Adult KW - Adolescent KW - Female KW - Male KW - Asthma -- epidemiology KW - Asthma -- blood KW - Tobacco Smoke Pollution -- adverse effects KW - Asthma -- physiopathology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/71998694?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Chest&rft.atitle=Involuntary+smoking+and+asthma+severity+in+children%3A+data+from+the+Third+National+Health+and+Nutrition+Examination+Survey.&rft.au=Mannino%2C+David+M%3BHoma%2C+David+M%3BRedd%2C+Stephen+C&rft.aulast=Mannino&rft.aufirst=David&rft.date=2002-08-01&rft.volume=122&rft.issue=2&rft.spage=409&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Chest&rft.issn=00123692&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 2002-09-13 N1 - Date created - 2002-08-12 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - SuppNotes - Comment In: Chest. 2002 Aug;122(2):394-6 [12171804] N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Allergic and latex-specific sensitization: route, frequency, and amount of exposure that are required to initiate IgE production. AN - 71995055; 12170244 AB - Quantitative data that documents human exposure-response relationships for IgE sensitization to allergens are limited. Although seemingly straightforward, documentation of exposure-response relationships can be difficult. Issues that are related to study design, allergen standardization, exposure assessment, and evaluation for sensitization can impact greatly on study results. Despite these issues, exposure-response relationships for sensitization to protein allergens have been documented in several occupational groups, which include enzyme-detergent workers, bakers, and laboratory animal workers. In general, atopy acts as an effect modifier in these settings, steepening the exposure-response relationship. Several studies suggest that the greatest risk for sensitization is within the first several years of exposure. For 1 allergen, the protease subtilisin, a short-term exposure limit of 60 ng/m(3) has been recommended by the American Council of Governmental Industrial Hygienists. With regard to natural rubber latex, exposure-related factors such as number of operations have been shown to be risk factors for sensitization of children with spina bifida. By contrast, fewer studies show exposure-response relationships for IgE sensitization of health care workers to natural rubber latex, and the area remains controversial. However, a recent cohort study that evaluated incident sensitization in dental hygiene students suggests strongly that, with sufficient exposure, employment in health care can lead to an increased risk of IgE sensitization to natural rubber latex. JF - The Journal of allergy and clinical immunology AU - Weissman, David N AU - Lewis, Daniel M AD - National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, Health Effects Laboratory Division, Morgantown, WV 26505, USA. dweiss-man@cdc.gov Y1 - 2002/08// PY - 2002 DA - August 2002 SP - S57 EP - S63 VL - 110 IS - 2 Suppl SN - 0091-6749, 0091-6749 KW - Air Pollutants, Occupational KW - 0 KW - Allergens KW - Latex KW - Immunoglobulin E KW - 37341-29-0 KW - Abridged Index Medicus KW - Index Medicus KW - Animals KW - Humans KW - Environmental Exposure KW - Research Design KW - Immunization KW - Latex -- adverse effects KW - Allergens -- immunology KW - Hypersensitivity, Immediate -- immunology KW - Occupational Diseases -- immunology KW - Latex -- immunology KW - Air Pollutants, Occupational -- adverse effects KW - Air Pollutants, Occupational -- immunology KW - Allergens -- adverse effects KW - Latex Hypersensitivity -- immunology KW - Immunoglobulin E -- biosynthesis UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/71995055?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Journal+of+allergy+and+clinical+immunology&rft.atitle=Allergic+and+latex-specific+sensitization%3A+route%2C+frequency%2C+and+amount+of+exposure+that+are+required+to+initiate+IgE+production.&rft.au=Weissman%2C+David+N%3BLewis%2C+Daniel+M&rft.aulast=Weissman&rft.aufirst=David&rft.date=2002-08-01&rft.volume=110&rft.issue=2+Suppl&rft.spage=S57&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=The+Journal+of+allergy+and+clinical+immunology&rft.issn=00916749&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 2002-09-25 N1 - Date created - 2002-08-09 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Adverse childhood experiences, alcoholic parents, and later risk of alcoholism and depression. AN - 71974683; 12161676 AB - The study examined how growing up with alcoholic parents and having adverse childhood experiences are related to the risk of alcoholism and depression in adulthood. In this retrospective cohort study, 9,346 adults who visited a primary care clinic of a large health maintenance organization completed a survey about nine adverse childhood experiences: experiencing childhood emotional, physical, and sexual abuse; witnessing domestic violence; parental separation or divorce; and growing up with drug-abusing, mentally ill, suicidal, or criminal household members. The associations between parental alcohol abuse, the adverse experiences, and alcoholism and depression in adulthood were assessed by logistic regression analyses. The risk of having had all nine of the adverse childhood experiences was significantly greater among the 20 percent of respondents who reported parental alcohol abuse. The number of adverse experiences had a graded relationship to alcoholism and depression in adulthood, independent of parental alcohol abuse. The prevalence of alcoholism was higher among persons who reported parental alcohol abuse, no matter how many adverse experiences they reported. The association between parental alcohol abuse and depression was accounted for by the higher risk of having adverse childhood experiences in alcoholic families. Children in alcoholic households are more likely to have adverse experiences. The risk of alcoholism and depression in adulthood increases as the number of reported adverse experiences increases regardless of parental alcohol abuse. Depression among adult children of alcoholics appears to be largely, if not solely, due to the greater likelihood of having had adverse childhood experiences in a home with alcohol-abusing parents. JF - Psychiatric services (Washington, D.C.) AU - Anda, Robert F AU - Whitfield, Charles L AU - Felitti, Vincent J AU - Chapman, Daniel AU - Edwards, Valerie J AU - Dube, Shanta R AU - Williamson, David F AD - National Center for Chronic Disease Prevention and Health Promotion, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA 30341, USA. Y1 - 2002/08// PY - 2002 DA - August 2002 SP - 1001 EP - 1009 VL - 53 IS - 8 SN - 1075-2730, 1075-2730 KW - Index Medicus KW - Risk Factors KW - Humans KW - Adult KW - Retrospective Studies KW - Middle Aged KW - Child KW - Male KW - Female KW - Alcoholism -- epidemiology KW - Depressive Disorder, Major -- psychology KW - Child of Impaired Parents -- psychology KW - Child of Impaired Parents -- statistics & numerical data KW - Parent-Child Relations KW - Depressive Disorder, Major -- epidemiology KW - Alcoholism -- psychology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/71974683?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Psychiatric+services+%28Washington%2C+D.C.%29&rft.atitle=Adverse+childhood+experiences%2C+alcoholic+parents%2C+and+later+risk+of+alcoholism+and+depression.&rft.au=Anda%2C+Robert+F%3BWhitfield%2C+Charles+L%3BFelitti%2C+Vincent+J%3BChapman%2C+Daniel%3BEdwards%2C+Valerie+J%3BDube%2C+Shanta+R%3BWilliamson%2C+David+F&rft.aulast=Anda&rft.aufirst=Robert&rft.date=2002-08-01&rft.volume=53&rft.issue=8&rft.spage=1001&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Psychiatric+services+%28Washington%2C+D.C.%29&rft.issn=10752730&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 2002-10-10 N1 - Date created - 2002-08-05 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Clinical bronchiolitis obliterans in workers at a microwave-popcorn plant. AN - 71970155; 12151470 AB - In May 2000, eight persons who had formerly worked at a microwave-popcorn production plant were reported to have severe bronchiolitis obliterans. No recognized cause was identified in the plant. Therefore, we medically evaluated current employees and assessed their occupational exposures. Questionnaire responses and spirometric findings in participating workers were compared with data from the third National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey, after adjustment for age and smoking status. We evaluated the relation between exposures and health-related outcomes by analyzing the rates of symptoms and abnormalities according to current and cumulative exposure to diacetyl, the predominant ketone in artificial butter flavoring and in the air at the plant. Of the 135 current workers at the plant, 117 (87 percent) completed the questionnaire. These 117 workers had 2.6 times the expected rates of chronic cough and shortness of breath, according to comparisons with the national data, and twice the expected rates of physician-diagnosed asthma and chronic bronchitis. Overall, the workers had 3.3 times the expected rate of airway obstruction; those who had never smoked had 10.8 times the expected rate. Workers directly involved in the production of microwave popcorn had higher rates of shortness of breath on exertion and skin problems that had developed since they started work than workers in other parts of the plant. There was a strong relation between the quartile of estimated cumulative exposure to diacetyl and the frequency and extent of airway obstruction. The excess rates of lung disease and lung-function abnormalities and the relation between exposure and outcomes in this working population indicate that they probably had occupational bronchiolitis obliterans caused by the inhalation of volatile butter-flavoring ingredients. Copyright 2002 Massachusetts Medical Society JF - The New England journal of medicine AU - Kreiss, Kathleen AU - Gomaa, Ahmed AU - Kullman, Greg AU - Fedan, Kathleen AU - Simoes, Eduardo J AU - Enright, Paul L AD - Division of Respiratory Disease Studies, National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, Morgantown, WVa 26505, USA. kkreiss@cdc.gov Y1 - 2002/08/01/ PY - 2002 DA - 2002 Aug 01 SP - 330 EP - 338 VL - 347 IS - 5 KW - Flavoring Agents KW - 0 KW - Diacetyl KW - K324J5K4HM KW - Abridged Index Medicus KW - Index Medicus KW - Humans KW - Volatilization KW - Aged KW - Forced Expiratory Volume KW - Spirometry KW - Respiratory Sounds -- etiology KW - Adult KW - Health Surveys KW - Surveys and Questionnaires KW - Chronic Disease KW - Middle Aged KW - Adolescent KW - Female KW - Male KW - Prevalence KW - Diacetyl -- analysis KW - Bronchiolitis Obliterans -- chemically induced KW - Bronchiolitis Obliterans -- physiopathology KW - Diacetyl -- adverse effects KW - Flavoring Agents -- adverse effects KW - Occupational Exposure -- adverse effects KW - Occupational Diseases -- physiopathology KW - Bronchiolitis Obliterans -- epidemiology KW - Occupational Diseases -- epidemiology KW - Food-Processing Industry KW - Flavoring Agents -- analysis KW - Occupational Diseases -- chemically induced KW - Occupational Exposure -- analysis UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/71970155?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+New+England+journal+of+medicine&rft.atitle=Clinical+bronchiolitis+obliterans+in+workers+at+a+microwave-popcorn+plant.&rft.au=Kreiss%2C+Kathleen%3BGomaa%2C+Ahmed%3BKullman%2C+Greg%3BFedan%2C+Kathleen%3BSimoes%2C+Eduardo+J%3BEnright%2C+Paul+L&rft.aulast=Kreiss&rft.aufirst=Kathleen&rft.date=2002-08-01&rft.volume=347&rft.issue=5&rft.spage=330&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=The+New+England+journal+of+medicine&rft.issn=1533-4406&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 2002-08-07 N1 - Date created - 2002-08-01 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - SuppNotes - Comment In: N Engl J Med. 2002 Aug 1;347(5):360-1 [12151475] N Engl J Med. 2002 Dec 12;347(24):1980-2; author reply 1980-2; discussion 1980-2 [12477954] N Engl J Med. 2002 Dec 12;347(24):1980-2; author reply 1980-2; discussion 1980-2 [12479196] N Engl J Med. 2002 Dec 12;347(24):1980-2; author reply 1980-2; discussion 1980-2 [12479195] N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Occupational risk from ultraviolet germicidal irradiation (UVGI) lamps. AN - 71943429; 12150488 AB - The recommended role of ultraviolet germicidal irradiation (UVGI) is to reduce the risk of tuberculosis (TB) transmission in health care facilities. However, excess exposure may result in dermatosis and photokeratitis. In one hospital setting in Botswana, two nurses and one housekeeper complained of eye discomfort, 'like sand in the eyes', after working in an administrative office. The following day, one employee noted facial skin peeling. All symptoms resolved over 2-4 days without sequelae. Six weeks later, the syndrome recurred for all three employees. A workplace investigation revealed that the office had been converted from a hospital sputum induction room, and that an unshielded 36-W UVGI lamp was still installed and operational. The on/off switch for the UVGI lamp was immediately adjacent to the fluorescent bulb on/off switch, and did not have a locking mechanism. The US National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health recommends that exposure to UVGI (254 nm) be less than 6000 microJ/cm2 (6000 microW approximately = sec/cm2) over a daily 8-hour period on unprotected skin or eyes. In the office, UVGI measurements at eye level and looking directly at the UVGI lamp ranged from a low of 20.0 microW approximately = sec/cm2 when seated to a high of 49.9 microW approximately = sec/cm2 when standing. These irradiance levels result in allowable exposure times of 300 and 120 seconds, respectively, and are the most likely cause of the clinical syndrome described. JF - The international journal of tuberculosis and lung disease : the official journal of the International Union against Tuberculosis and Lung Disease AU - Talbot, E A AU - Jensen, P AU - Moffat, H J AU - Wells, C D AD - Division of TB Elimination, NCHSTP, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia, USA. edt7@cdc.gov Y1 - 2002/08// PY - 2002 DA - August 2002 SP - 738 EP - 741 VL - 6 IS - 8 SN - 1027-3719, 1027-3719 KW - Index Medicus KW - Occupational Exposure KW - Humans KW - Female KW - Tuberculosis -- prevention & control KW - Disinfection KW - Ultraviolet Rays -- adverse effects KW - Occupational Diseases -- etiology KW - Infection Control UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/71943429?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+international+journal+of+tuberculosis+and+lung+disease+%3A+the+official+journal+of+the+International+Union+against+Tuberculosis+and+Lung+Disease&rft.atitle=Occupational+risk+from+ultraviolet+germicidal+irradiation+%28UVGI%29+lamps.&rft.au=Talbot%2C+E+A%3BJensen%2C+P%3BMoffat%2C+H+J%3BWells%2C+C+D&rft.aulast=Talbot&rft.aufirst=E&rft.date=2002-08-01&rft.volume=6&rft.issue=8&rft.spage=738&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=The+international+journal+of+tuberculosis+and+lung+disease+%3A+the+official+journal+of+the+International+Union+against+Tuberculosis+and+Lung+Disease&rft.issn=10273719&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 2003-01-22 N1 - Date created - 2002-08-01 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - SuppNotes - Comment In: Int J Tuberc Lung Dis. 2002 Aug;6(8):647-8 [12150472] N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Sunburn prevalence among adults in the United States, 1999. AN - 71921398; 12121796 AB - Exposure to high levels of sunlight, such as a sunburn, is a strong determinant of melanoma risk. To describe statewide and U.S. estimates of sunburn prevalence in the United States and determine demographic and behavioral predictors of sunburn, we analyzed data from the 1999 Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System, a population-based telephone survey conducted in all 50 states, the District of Columbia, and Puerto Rico. Of 156,354 adults aged > or =18 years, 31.7% (95% confidence interval, 31.3%-32.1%) reported a sunburn in the past year; of adults aged 18 to 29 years, 57.5% reported such a sunburn. Reporting was highest among white, non-Hispanic males (44.1%), followed by white non-Hispanic females (35.3%), and lowest among black non-Hispanic males and females (5.1% and 5.3%, respectively). Statewide period prevalence of sunburn among whites was highest (>45%) in Wisconsin, Utah, Wyoming, Washington, DC, and Indiana, and lowest (<30%) in Puerto Rico, Arizona, Tennessee, Oklahoma, and New York. Nationwide and statewide skin cancer prevention efforts should target young adults. Periodic monitoring of sunburn is important in evaluating the effectiveness of those efforts. JF - American journal of preventive medicine AU - Saraiya, Mona AU - Hall, H Irene AU - Uhler, Robert J AD - Division of Cancer Prevention and Control, National Center for Chronic Disease Prevention and Health Promotion, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia 30341, USA. msoraiya@cdc.gov Y1 - 2002/08// PY - 2002 DA - August 2002 SP - 91 EP - 97 VL - 23 IS - 2 SN - 0749-3797, 0749-3797 KW - Index Medicus KW - Humans KW - Aged KW - Multivariate Analysis KW - Population Surveillance KW - Socioeconomic Factors KW - Adult KW - Health Surveys KW - Middle Aged KW - Adolescent KW - United States -- epidemiology KW - Female KW - Male KW - Prevalence KW - Sunburn -- psychology KW - Melanoma -- prevention & control KW - Sunlight -- adverse effects KW - Sunburn -- epidemiology KW - Sunburn -- complications KW - Neoplasms, Radiation-Induced -- prevention & control KW - Skin Neoplasms -- prevention & control UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/71921398?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=American+journal+of+preventive+medicine&rft.atitle=Sunburn+prevalence+among+adults+in+the+United+States%2C+1999.&rft.au=Saraiya%2C+Mona%3BHall%2C+H+Irene%3BUhler%2C+Robert+J&rft.aulast=Saraiya&rft.aufirst=Mona&rft.date=2002-08-01&rft.volume=23&rft.issue=2&rft.spage=91&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=American+journal+of+preventive+medicine&rft.issn=07493797&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 2002-11-07 N1 - Date created - 2002-07-17 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Trends in cigarette smoking among high school students - United States, 1991-2001 AN - 215674923; 12524710 AB - To examine changes in cigarette smoking among US high school students during 1991-2001, CDC analyzed data from the national Youth Risk Behavior Survey. This report summarizes the results of that analysis, which found that although cigarette smoking rates increased during most of the 1990s, they have declined significantly since 1997. A CDC editorial note is included. JF - The Journal of School Health AU - Office on Smoking and Health, Division of Adolescent and School Health National Center for Chronic Disease Prevention and Health Promotion, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention AD - Office on Smoking and Health, Division of Adolescent and School Health National Center for Chronic Disease Prevention and Health Promotion, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention Y1 - 2002/08// PY - 2002 DA - Aug 2002 SP - 226 EP - 8 CY - Kent PB - Blackwell Publishing Ltd. VL - 72 IS - 6 SN - 00224391 KW - Physical Fitness And Hygiene KW - Social conditions & trends KW - Secondary school students KW - Smoking KW - United States KW - US KW - Students -- statistics & numerical data KW - Humans KW - Tobacco Use Disorder -- epidemiology KW - African Americans -- statistics & numerical data KW - Tobacco Use Disorder -- ethnology KW - European Continental Ancestry Group -- statistics & numerical data KW - Hispanic Americans -- statistics & numerical data KW - Smoking -- trends KW - Health Surveys KW - Smoking -- ethnology KW - Adolescent KW - United States -- epidemiology KW - Female KW - Male KW - Students -- psychology KW - Adolescent Behavior -- ethnology KW - Smoking -- epidemiology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/215674923?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Ahealthcompleteshell&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Journal+of+School+Health&rft.atitle=Trends+in+cigarette+smoking+among+high+school+students+-+United+States%2C+1991-2001&rft.au=Office+on+Smoking+and+Health%2C+Division+of+Adolescent+and+School+Health+National+Center+for+Chronic+Disease+Prevention+and+Health+Promotion%2C+Centers+for+Disease+Control+and+Prevention&rft.aulast=Office+on+Smoking+and+Health&rft.aufirst=Division+of+Adolescent+and+School+Health+National+Center+for+Chronic+Disease+Prevention+and+Health&rft.date=2002-08-01&rft.volume=72&rft.issue=6&rft.spage=226&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=The+Journal+of+School+Health&rft.issn=00224391&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Central; ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Name - Centers for Disease Control; CDC N1 - Copyright - Copyright American School Health Association Aug 2002 N1 - Last updated - 2012-02-21 N1 - CODEN - JSHEAZ N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - United States; US ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Permeability of Coxiella burnetii to ribonucleosides AN - 18735233; 5606434 AB - Knowledge about transport in Coxiella burnetii, an obligate phagolysosomal parasite, is incomplete. The authors investigated the capability of isolated, intact, host-free Coxiella to transport ribonucleosides while incubated at a pH value typical of lysosomes. Because of the low activities and limitations of obtaining experimental quantities of isolated, purified Coxiella, incorporation of substrate into nucleic acid was used as a trap for determination of uptake abilities. Virulent wild-type (phase I) organisms possessed uptake capability for all ribonucleosides. Both phase I and phase II (avirulent) organisms incorporated the purine nucleosides guanosine, adenosine and inosine, and showed a more limited uptake of thymidine and uridine. Both phases were poorly active in cytidine uptake. Neither phase of the organism was capable of transport and incorporation of NTPs, CMP, cytosine or uracil. Water space experiments confirmed that the uptake process concentrated the purine nucleosides within the cytoplasm of both wild-type and phase II Coxiella via a low-pH-dependent mechanism. Comparison of uptake rates in Escherichia coli versus Coxiella verified that the incorporation of ribonucleosides by Coxiella is a slow process. It is concluded that Coxiella possesses some transport pathways consistent with utilization of pools of nucleosides found within its host cell lysosomal pathway. JF - Microbiology AU - Miller, J D AU - Thompson, HA AD - Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Robert E. Byrd Health Sciences Center, West Virginia University, Morgantown, WV 26506, USA, hct2@cdc.gov Y1 - 2002/08// PY - 2002 DA - Aug 2002 SP - 2393 EP - 2403 VL - 148 IS - 8 SN - 1350-0872, 1350-0872 KW - Nucleosides KW - Nucleotides KW - Microbiology Abstracts B: Bacteriology; Biochemistry Abstracts 2: Nucleic Acids KW - N 14640:Structure & sequence KW - J 02726:RNA and ribosomes UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/18735233?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologyb&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Microbiology&rft.atitle=Permeability+of+Coxiella+burnetii+to+ribonucleosides&rft.au=Miller%2C+J+D%3BThompson%2C+HA&rft.aulast=Miller&rft.aufirst=J&rft.date=2002-08-01&rft.volume=148&rft.issue=8&rft.spage=2393&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Microbiology&rft.issn=13500872&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Weight management goals and practices among U.S. high school students: associations with physical activity, diet, and smoking AN - 18625649; 5523226 AB - To examine associations of physical activity, fruit and vegetable consumption, and cigarette smoking with weight management goals and practices of U.S. high school students. Data were from the 1999 national Youth Risk Behavior Survey, a representative sample of U.S. high school students (n = 15,349). Adjusted odds ratios (OR) were calculated to describe associations, controlling for demographic characteristics. Based on self-reported height and weight, 25% of students were either overweight (11%) or at risk for becoming overweight (14%). However, 43% of students were trying to lose weight and 19% of students were trying to maintain their current weight. Female students were less likely than male students to be overweight, but more likely to be trying to lose weight. Trying to lose weight was associated with vigorous physical activity (OR = 1.5), strengthening exercises (OR = 2.2), and cigarette smoking (OR = 1.4) among female students; and vigorous physical activity (OR = 1.6), strengthening exercises (OR = 1.8), and eating greater than or equal to 5 servings/day of fruits and vegetables (OR = 1.5) among male students. Among students trying to lose weight or stay the same weight, only 62% of females and 41% of males combined exercise with a reduced fat and calorie diet, while 32% of females and 17% of males used unhealthy weight control methods (fasting, diet pills, vomiting, or laxatives). Efforts to promote healthy weight management among adolescents are needed and should place greater emphasis on combining physical activity with a reduced fat and calorie diet, increasing fruit and vegetable consumption, and discouraging smoking and other unhealthy weight control practices. JF - Journal of Adolescent Health AU - Lowry, R AU - Galuska, DA AU - Fulton, JE AU - Wechsler, H AU - Kann, L AD - Division of Adolescent and School Health, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, 4770 Buford Hwy., N.E. (Mailstop K-33), Atlanta, GA 30341, USA, rxl1@cdc.gov Y1 - 2002/08// PY - 2002 DA - Aug 2002 SP - 133 EP - 144 VL - 31 IS - 2 SN - 1054-139X, 1054-139X KW - Physical Education Index KW - PE 030:Exercise, Health & Physical Fitness UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/18625649?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aphysicaleducation&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Adolescent+Health&rft.atitle=Weight+management+goals+and+practices+among+U.S.+high+school+students%3A+associations+with+physical+activity%2C+diet%2C+and+smoking&rft.au=Lowry%2C+R%3BGaluska%2C+DA%3BFulton%2C+JE%3BWechsler%2C+H%3BKann%2C+L&rft.aulast=Lowry&rft.aufirst=R&rft.date=2002-08-01&rft.volume=31&rft.issue=2&rft.spage=133&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+Adolescent+Health&rft.issn=1054139X&rft_id=info:doi/10.1016%2FS1054-139X%2801%2900408-6 LA - English DB - Physical Education Index N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S1054-139X(01)00408-6 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Development of quantitative exposure data for a pooled exposure-response analysis of 10 silica cohorts AN - 18517614; 5473181 AB - Comprehensive quantitative silica exposure estimates over time, measured in the same units across a number of cohorts, would make possible a pooled exposure-response analysis for lung cancer. Such an analysis would help clarify the continuing controversy regarding whether silica causes lung cancer. Existing quantitative exposure data for 10 silica-exposed cohorts were retrieved from the original investigators. Occupation- and time-specific exposure estimates were either adopted/adapted or developed for each cohort, and converted to milligram per cubic meter (mg/m super(3)) respirable crystalline silica. Quantitative exposure assignments were typically based on a large number (thousands) of raw measurements, or otherwise consisted of exposure estimates by experts (for two cohorts). Median exposure level of the cohorts ranged between 0.04 and 0.59 mg/m super(3) respirable crystalline silica. Exposure estimates were partially validated via their successful prediction of silicosis in these cohorts. Existing data were successfully adopted or modified to create comparable quantitative exposure estimates over time for 10 silica-exposed cohorts, permitting a pooled exposure-response analysis. The difficulties encountered in deriving common exposure estimates across cohorts are discussed. JF - American Journal of Industrial Medicine AU - Mannetje, A AU - Steenland, K AU - Checkoway, H AU - Koskela, R-S AU - Koponen, M AU - Attfield, M AU - Chen, Jingqiong AU - Hnizdo, E AU - DeKlerk, N AU - Dosemeci, M AD - NIOSH R13, Department of Health and Human Services, Robert A. Taft Laboratories, 4676 Columbia Parkway, Cincinnati, OH 45226, USA, kns1@cdc.gov Y1 - 2002/08// PY - 2002 DA - Aug 2002 SP - 73 EP - 86 VL - 42 IS - 2 SN - 0271-3586, 0271-3586 KW - epidemiology KW - exposure KW - man KW - Toxicology Abstracts; Health & Safety Science Abstracts KW - H 1000:Occupational Safety and Health KW - X 24162:Chronic exposure UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/18517614?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxicologyabstracts&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=American+Journal+of+Industrial+Medicine&rft.atitle=Development+of+quantitative+exposure+data+for+a+pooled+exposure-response+analysis+of+10+silica+cohorts&rft.au=Mannetje%2C+A%3BSteenland%2C+K%3BCheckoway%2C+H%3BKoskela%2C+R-S%3BKoponen%2C+M%3BAttfield%2C+M%3BChen%2C+Jingqiong%3BHnizdo%2C+E%3BDeKlerk%2C+N%3BDosemeci%2C+M&rft.aulast=Mannetje&rft.aufirst=A&rft.date=2002-08-01&rft.volume=42&rft.issue=2&rft.spage=73&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=American+Journal+of+Industrial+Medicine&rft.issn=02713586&rft_id=info:doi/10.1002%2Fajim.10097 LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ajim.10097 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Body weight and obesity in adults and self-reported abuse in childhood AN - 18497716; 5463755 AB - Little is known about childhood factors and adult obesity. A previous study found a strong association between childhood neglect and obesity in young adults. To estimate associations between self-reported abuse in childhood (sexual, verbal, fear of physical abuse and physical) adult body weight, and risk of obesity. Retrospective cohort study with surveys during 1995-1997. A total of 13 177 members of California health maintenance organization aged 19-92 y. Body weight measured during clinical examination, followed by mailed survey to recall experiences during first 18 y of life. Estimates adjusted for adult demographic factors and health practices, and characteristics of the childhood household. Some 66% of participants reported one or more type of abuse. Physical abuse and verbal abuse were most strongly associated with body weight and obesity. Compared with no physical abuse (55%), being 'often hit and injured' (2.5%) had a 4.0 kg (95% confidence interval: 2.4-5.6 kg) higher weight and a 1.4 (1.2-1.6) relative risk (RR) of body mass index (BMI) greater than or equal to 30. Compared with no verbal abuse (53%), being 'often verbally abused' (9.5%) had an RR of 1.9 (1.3-2.7) for BMI greater than or equal to 40. The abuse associations were not mutually independent, however, because the abuse types strongly co-occurred. Obesity risk increased with number and severity of each type of abuse. The population attributable fraction for 'any mention' of abuse (67%) was 8% (3.4-12.3%) for BMI greater than or equal to 30 and 17.3% (-1.0-32.4%) for BMI greater than or equal to 40. Abuse in childhood is associated with adult obesity. If causal, preventing child abuse may modestly decrease adult obesity. Treatment of obese adults abused as children may benefit from identification of mechanisms that lead to maintenance of adult obesity. JF - International Journal of Obesity AU - Williamson, D F AU - Thompson, T J AU - Anda, R F AU - Dietz, W H AU - Felitti, V AD - Division of Diabetes Translation (K-10), CDC, 4770 Buford Hwy NE, Atlanta, GA 30341-2717, USA, drw1@cdc.gov Y1 - 2002/08// PY - 2002 DA - Aug 2002 SP - 1075 EP - 1082 VL - 26 IS - 8 SN - 0307-0565, 0307-0565 KW - Physical Education Index KW - PE 030:Exercise, Health & Physical Fitness UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/18497716?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aphysicaleducation&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=International+Journal+of+Obesity&rft.atitle=Body+weight+and+obesity+in+adults+and+self-reported+abuse+in+childhood&rft.au=Williamson%2C+D+F%3BThompson%2C+T+J%3BAnda%2C+R+F%3BDietz%2C+W+H%3BFelitti%2C+V&rft.aulast=Williamson&rft.aufirst=D&rft.date=2002-08-01&rft.volume=26&rft.issue=8&rft.spage=1075&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=International+Journal+of+Obesity&rft.issn=03070565&rft_id=info:doi/10.1038%2Fsj.ijo.0802038 LA - English DB - Physical Education Index N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/sj.ijo.0802038 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Occupational dust exposure and the risk of laryngeal cancer in Turkey AN - 18492398; 5456292 AB - A hospital-based case-referent study was conducted to identify occupational risk factors for laryngeal cancer. In a previous report an association was found between laryngeal cancer and occupations with potential dust exposure; a job-exposure matrix was developed to aid further evaluation of laryngeal cancer risks from five occupational dust exposures. Among 7631 cancer cases from the Okmeydani Hospital, Istanbul, between 1979 and 1984, 958 larynx cancer cases were identified among men. After exclusions, 940 laryngeal cancer cases and 1519 referents were available. A standardized questionnaire was used to obtain basic information on the patients. Seven-digit standard occupational and industrial codes were created to classify the job and industrial title. A job-exposure matrix was developed for occupational dusts, including silica, asbestos, wood, cotton, and grain, and age-, smoking-, and alcohol-adjusted odds ratios (OR) and 95% confidence intervals (95% CI) were calculated to evaluate risks of laryngeal cancer. An excess of laryngeal cancer occurred for workers potentially exposed to silica and cotton dust, particularly for supraglottic cancer (OR 1.8, 95% CI 1.3-2.3, for silica and OR 1.6, 95% CI 1.1-2.5, for cotton dust), and there was a significant dose-response relationship with silica exposure. No relationship was found between laryngeal cancer and asbestos, grain, or wood dust exposures. Laryngeal cancer, especially supraglottic tumors, is associated with silica and cotton dust exposures in Turkey. JF - Scandinavian Journal of Work, Environment & Health AU - Elci, O C AU - Akpinar-Elci, M AU - Blair, A AU - Dosemeci, M AD - National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, Division of Respiratory Diseases Studies, Field Studies Branch, MS2800, 1095 Willowdale Road, Morgantown, WV 26505, USA, oae3@cdc.gov Y1 - 2002/08// PY - 2002 DA - Aug 2002 SP - 278 EP - 284 VL - 28 IS - 4 SN - 0355-3140, 0355-3140 KW - larynx KW - Toxicology Abstracts; Pollution Abstracts; Health & Safety Science Abstracts KW - X 24155:Biochemistry KW - H 1000:Occupational Safety and Health KW - P 6000:TOXICOLOGY AND HEALTH UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/18492398?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxicologyabstracts&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Scandinavian+Journal+of+Work%2C+Environment+%26+Health&rft.atitle=Occupational+dust+exposure+and+the+risk+of+laryngeal+cancer+in+Turkey&rft.au=Elci%2C+O+C%3BAkpinar-Elci%2C+M%3BBlair%2C+A%3BDosemeci%2C+M&rft.aulast=Elci&rft.aufirst=O&rft.date=2002-08-01&rft.volume=28&rft.issue=4&rft.spage=278&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Scandinavian+Journal+of+Work%2C+Environment+%26+Health&rft.issn=03553140&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Relationship Between Amyloid beta Protein and Melatonin Metabolite in a Study of Electric Utility Workers AN - 18472433; 5445343 AB - This study assessed the relationship between occupational magnetic field exposure, the urinary melatonin metabolite 6-hydroxymelatonin sulfate (6-OHMS), and concentrations of blood-borne soluble amyloid beta (A beta ), a protein associated with the hallmark lesions of Alzheimer's disease (AD). Blood and urine samples were obtained from male electric utility workers (n = 60) to quantify two lengths of the protein in plasma, A beta (amino acids 1-40) and A beta (1-42), and the urinary concentrations of 6-OHMS. Average A beta levels were positively associated with categories of magnetic field exposure, but this relationship was weak and did not achieve statistical significance. The melatonin metabolite was inversely correlated with A beta (1-42) and the ratio of A beta (1-42) to A beta (1-40). This observation is consistent with recent in vitro data and provides a plausible mechanism for the association between magnetic field exposure and AD that has been observed in some studies. JF - Journal of Occupational and Environmental Medicine AU - Noonan, C W AU - Reif, J S AU - Burch, J B AU - Ichinose, TY AU - Yost, M G AU - Magnusson, K AD - Agency for Toxic Substances and Disease Registry, Division of Health Studies, 1600 Clifton Rd NE, Mailstop E-31, Atlanta, GA 30333, USA, cnoonan@cdc.gov Y1 - 2002/08// PY - 2002 DA - Aug 2002 SP - 769 EP - 775 VL - 44 IS - 8 SN - 1076-2752, 1076-2752 KW - Alzheimer's disease KW - magnetic fields KW - man KW - melatonin KW - CSA Neurosciences Abstracts; Toxicology Abstracts; Health & Safety Science Abstracts KW - X 24240:Miscellaneous KW - H 8000:Radiation Safety/Electrical Safety KW - N3 11105:Primates UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/18472433?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxicologyabstracts&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Occupational+and+Environmental+Medicine&rft.atitle=Relationship+Between+Amyloid+beta+Protein+and+Melatonin+Metabolite+in+a+Study+of+Electric+Utility+Workers&rft.au=Noonan%2C+C+W%3BReif%2C+J+S%3BBurch%2C+J+B%3BIchinose%2C+TY%3BYost%2C+M+G%3BMagnusson%2C+K&rft.aulast=Noonan&rft.aufirst=C&rft.date=2002-08-01&rft.volume=44&rft.issue=8&rft.spage=769&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+Occupational+and+Environmental+Medicine&rft.issn=10762752&rft_id=info:doi/10.1097%2F01.jom.0000026641.83602.75 LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/01.jom.0000026641.83602.75 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Diagnosis of Community-Acquired Pertussis Infection: Comparison of Both Culture and Fluorescent-Antibody Assays with PCR Detection Using Electrophoresis or Dot Blot Hybridization AN - 18471067; 5431235 AB - Diagnosis of Bordetella pertussis infection has been difficult due to the low sensitivity of culture. PCR tests have been shown to be more sensitive than culture, but the reported sensitivity of PCR is variable. We evaluated PCR product detection by using either agarose gel electrophoresis (PCR-gel) or dot blot hybridization with super(32)P-labeled oligonucleotide probes, and we compared these methods to both culture and direct fluorescent-antibody (DFA) assays with microscopy for the detection of pertussis. This was done with 225 nasopharyngeal swab specimens collected in community clinic settings. The multiplexed PCR amplified the multiply repeated IS481 B. pertussis sequence and a sequence from the human globin gene as a positive control for specimen adequacy. Of 225 specimens, 179 were judged to be adequate for PCR analysis. Among the adequate specimens, 9, 4, and 10 were culture, DFA, and PCR-gel positive, respectively. The sensitivity of PCR-gel versus culture was 89% while the sensitivity of culture versus PCR-gel was 80%. DFA had the lowest sensitivity. Thirty specimens were positive by PCR with dot blot hybridization; no negative control specimens showed a signal above the background. Among the 79 (44%) adequate specimens with clinical data available, the rates of reported cough or persistent cough were similar for persons who were pertussis positive by each assay. The IS481 PCR, with either electrophoresis or dot blot hybridization, is a sensitive assay; however, at this time it cannot completely replace culture without an overall loss in sensitivity for the detection of pertussis. Further study is required to understand the clinical significance of B. pertussis PCR products detected by dot blot hybridization alone. JF - Journal of Clinical Microbiology AU - Lingappa, J R AU - Lawrence, W AU - West-Keefe, S AU - Gautom, R AU - Cookson, B T AD - Division of Viral and Rickettsial Diseases, National Center for Infectious Diseases, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Mail Stop A-34, 1600 Clifton Rd., Atlanta, GA 30333., JWL8@cdc.gov Y1 - 2002/08// PY - 2002 DA - Aug 2002 SP - 2908 EP - 2912 VL - 40 IS - 8 SN - 0095-1137, 0095-1137 KW - man KW - Microbiology Abstracts B: Bacteriology KW - J 02845:Ear, nose and respiratory tract UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/18471067?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologyb&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Clinical+Microbiology&rft.atitle=Diagnosis+of+Community-Acquired+Pertussis+Infection%3A+Comparison+of+Both+Culture+and+Fluorescent-Antibody+Assays+with+PCR+Detection+Using+Electrophoresis+or+Dot+Blot+Hybridization&rft.au=Lingappa%2C+J+R%3BLawrence%2C+W%3BWest-Keefe%2C+S%3BGautom%2C+R%3BCookson%2C+B+T&rft.aulast=Lingappa&rft.aufirst=J&rft.date=2002-08-01&rft.volume=40&rft.issue=8&rft.spage=2908&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+Clinical+Microbiology&rft.issn=00951137&rft_id=info:doi/10.1128%2FJCM.40.8.2908-2912.2002 LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/JCM.40.8.2908-2912.2002 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Bordetella pertussis Isolates with a Heterogeneous Phenotype for Erythromycin Resistance AN - 18470170; 5431239 AB - Erythromycin is currently being used for both prophylaxis and treatment of pertussis infections. Erythromycin resistance was first recognized in Bordetella pertussis in Arizona in 1994, and since then, three additional resistant isolates have been identified in the United States. To better assess the potential public health impact of erythromycin-resistant B. pertussis, we used the disk diffusion assay to evaluate the frequency of erythromycin resistance among 1,030 recently circulating U.S. isolates and found the rate of occurrence to be <1%. We also describe a novel heterogeneous phenotype, with erythromycin-resistant colonies appearing only after a 7-day incubation period. To optimize patient management, we recommend that clinicians be alert to potential treatment failures and that laboratorians use a 7-day incubation period when screening for resistance. Our ongoing national surveillance will continue to monitor for resistant B. pertussis isolates and their potential association with changing pertussis epidemiology. JF - Journal of Clinical Microbiology AU - Wilson, KE AU - Cassiday, P K AU - Popovic, T AU - Sanden, G N AD - Epidemiologic Investigations Laboratory, Meningitis and Special Pathogens Branch, Division of Bacterial and Mycotic Diseases, National Center for Infectious Diseases, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, 1600 Clifton Rd., MSD11, Atlanta, GA 30333., gnsl@cdc.gov Y1 - 2002/08// PY - 2002 DA - Aug 2002 SP - 2942 EP - 2944 VL - 40 IS - 8 SN - 0095-1137, 0095-1137 KW - Microbiology Abstracts B: Bacteriology KW - J 02795:Antibiotic resistance UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/18470170?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologyb&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Clinical+Microbiology&rft.atitle=Bordetella+pertussis+Isolates+with+a+Heterogeneous+Phenotype+for+Erythromycin+Resistance&rft.au=Wilson%2C+KE%3BCassiday%2C+P+K%3BPopovic%2C+T%3BSanden%2C+G+N&rft.aulast=Wilson&rft.aufirst=KE&rft.date=2002-08-01&rft.volume=40&rft.issue=8&rft.spage=2942&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+Clinical+Microbiology&rft.issn=00951137&rft_id=info:doi/10.1128%2FJCM.40.8.2942-2944.2002 LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/JCM.40.8.2942-2944.2002 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Issues Associated with and Recommendations for Using PCR To Detect Outbreaks of Pertussis AN - 18467479; 5431231 AB - Two outbreaks of respiratory tract illness associated with prolonged cough occurring in 1998 and 1999 in New York State were investigated. A PCR test for Bordetella pertussis was primarily used by a private laboratory to confirm 680 pertussis cases. Several clinical specimens had positive culture results for B. pertussis during both outbreaks, which confirmed that B. pertussis was circulating during the outbreaks. However, testing by the New York State Department of Health reference laboratory suggested that some of the PCR results may have been falsely positive. In addition, features of the outbreak that suggested that B. pertussis may not have been the primary agent of infection included a low attack rate among incompletely vaccinated children and a significant amount of illness among patients testing PCR negative for B. pertussis. These investigations highlight the importance of appropriate clinical laboratory quality assurance programs, of the limitations of the PCR test, and of interpreting laboratory results in context of clinical disease. JF - Journal of Clinical Microbiology AU - Lievano, F A AU - Reynolds, MA AU - Waring, AL AU - Ackelsberg, J AU - Bisgard, K M AU - Sanden, G N AU - Guris, D AU - Golaz, A AU - Bopp, D J AU - Limberger, R J AU - Smith, P F AD - 1600 Clifton Rd. NE, Mailstop E-05, Atlanta, GA 30333., flievano@cdc.gov Y1 - 2002/08// PY - 2002 DA - Aug 2002 SP - 2801 EP - 2805 VL - 40 IS - 8 SN - 0095-1137, 0095-1137 KW - man KW - Microbiology Abstracts B: Bacteriology KW - J 02845:Ear, nose and respiratory tract UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/18467479?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologyb&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Clinical+Microbiology&rft.atitle=Issues+Associated+with+and+Recommendations+for+Using+PCR+To+Detect+Outbreaks+of+Pertussis&rft.au=Lievano%2C+F+A%3BReynolds%2C+MA%3BWaring%2C+AL%3BAckelsberg%2C+J%3BBisgard%2C+K+M%3BSanden%2C+G+N%3BGuris%2C+D%3BGolaz%2C+A%3BBopp%2C+D+J%3BLimberger%2C+R+J%3BSmith%2C+P+F&rft.aulast=Lievano&rft.aufirst=F&rft.date=2002-08-01&rft.volume=40&rft.issue=8&rft.spage=2801&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+Clinical+Microbiology&rft.issn=00951137&rft_id=info:doi/10.1128%2FJCM.40.8.2801-2805.2002 LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/JCM.40.8.2801-2805.2002 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - DNA Gyrase and Topoisomerase IV Mutations Associated with Fluoroquinolone Resistance in Proteus mirabilis AN - 18453548; 5432732 AB - Mutations associated with fluoroquinolone resistance in clinical isolates of Proteus mirabilis were determined by genetic analysis of the quinolone resistance-determining region (QRDR) of gyrA, gyrB, parC, and parE. This study included the P. mirabilis type strain ATCC 29906 and 29 clinical isolates with reduced susceptibility (MIC, 0.5 to 2 mu g/ml) or resistance (MIC, >=4 mu g/ml) to ciprofloxacin. Susceptibility profiles for ciprofloxacin, clinafloxacin, gatifloxacin, gemifloxacin, levofloxacin, moxifloxacin, and trovafloxacin were correlated with amino acid changes in the QRDRs. Decreased susceptibility and resistance were associated with double mutations involving both gyrA (S83R or -I) and parC (S80R or -I). Among these double mutants, MICs of ciprofloxacin varied from 1 to 16 mu g/ml, indicating that additional factors, such as drug efflux or porin changes, also contribute to the level of resistance. For ParE, a single conservative change of V364I was detected in seven strains. An unexpected result was the association of gyrB mutations with high-level resistance to fluoroquinolones in 12 of 20 ciprofloxacin-resistant isolates. Changes in GyrB included S464Y (six isolates), S464F (three isolates), and E466D (two isolates). A three-nucleotide insertion, resulting in an additional lysine residue between K455 and A456, was detected in gyrB of one strain. Unlike any other bacterial species analyzed to date, mutation of gyrB appears to be a frequent event in the acquisition of fluoroquinolone resistance among clinical isolates of P. mirabilis. JF - Antimicrobial Agents & Chemotherapy AU - Weigel, L M AU - Anderson, G J AU - Tenover, F C AD - DHQP, Anti-infectives Section (G-08), Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, 1600 Clifton Rd., N.E., Atlanta, GA 30333., lweigel@cdc.gov Y1 - 2002/08// PY - 2002 DA - Aug 2002 SP - 2582 EP - 2587 VL - 46 IS - 8 SN - 0066-4804, 0066-4804 KW - gyrA gene KW - gyrB gene KW - parC gene KW - parE gene KW - Microbiology Abstracts B: Bacteriology KW - J 02814:Drug resistance UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/18453548?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologyb&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Antimicrobial+Agents+%26+Chemotherapy&rft.atitle=DNA+Gyrase+and+Topoisomerase+IV+Mutations+Associated+with+Fluoroquinolone+Resistance+in+Proteus+mirabilis&rft.au=Weigel%2C+L+M%3BAnderson%2C+G+J%3BTenover%2C+F+C&rft.aulast=Weigel&rft.aufirst=L&rft.date=2002-08-01&rft.volume=46&rft.issue=8&rft.spage=2582&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Antimicrobial+Agents+%26+Chemotherapy&rft.issn=00664804&rft_id=info:doi/10.1128%2FAAC.46.8.2582-2587.2002 LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/AAC.46.8.2582-2587.2002 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Estimation of tool-specific isolation performance of antivibration gloves AN - 18451041; 5428392 AB - A methodology to estimate vibration isolation effectiveness of antivibration gloves as a function of handle vibration of specific tools is proposed on the basis of frequency response characteristics of the gloves. The handle vibration spectra of six different tools are synthesized in the laboratory and attenuation performances of two different gloves are characterized under tools vibration, and M- and H-spectra defined in ISO-10819 (1996). The vibration characteristics of gloves are measured using three male subjects in the laboratory under different excitation spectra. The results suggest that tool-specific vibration isolation performance of a glove cannot be derived from the standardized M- and H-spectra. Frequency responses of the gloves are thus characterized under broad-band vibration excitations of two different magnitudes, and grip and feed forces recommended in ISO-10819. The results suggest that frequency response characteristics of gloves are relatively insensitive to magnitude of vibration but strongly dependent upon visco-elastic properties of the glove materials. The mean measured frequency response characteristics are then applied to derive an estimate of tool-specific isolation effectiveness of the gloves. The estimated acceleration transmissibility characteristics of gloves are compared with the mean measured responses to demonstrate validity of the proposed methodology. From comparisons, it is concluded that the isolation effectiveness of gloves for selected tools can be effectively predicted using the proposed methodology. The deviations between the predicted and measured transmissibility values are within 8% for majority of the glove-spectra combinations, well within the intra- and inter-subject variabilities reported in different studies. JF - International Journal of Industrial Ergonomics AU - Rakheja, S AU - Dong, R AU - Welcome, D AU - Schopper, A W AD - Engineering & Control Technology Branch, NIOSH, 1095 Willowdale Road, MS 2201, Morgantown, WV 26505, USA, rkd6@cdc.gov Y1 - 2002/08// PY - 2002 DA - Aug 2002 SP - 71 EP - 87 VL - 30 IS - 2 SN - 0169-8141, 0169-8141 KW - gloves KW - hand tools KW - working conditions KW - Health & Safety Science Abstracts KW - H 10000:Ergonomics/Human Factors UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/18451041?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Ahealthsafetyabstracts&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=International+Journal+of+Industrial+Ergonomics&rft.atitle=Estimation+of+tool-specific+isolation+performance+of+antivibration+gloves&rft.au=Rakheja%2C+S%3BDong%2C+R%3BWelcome%2C+D%3BSchopper%2C+A+W&rft.aulast=Rakheja&rft.aufirst=S&rft.date=2002-08-01&rft.volume=30&rft.issue=2&rft.spage=71&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=International+Journal+of+Industrial+Ergonomics&rft.issn=01698141&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Dose-dependent thiol and immune responses to ovalbumin challenge in Brown Norway rats AN - 17936378; 5886007 AB - Dose-dependent specific antibody production, antigen-dependent pulmonary inflammation, and thiol changes in the lung and associated lymph nodes were examined in a Brown Norway rat model of pulmonary sensitization. Cysteine (CYSH), glutathione (GSH), and markers of inflammation in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF) were measured following ovalbumin (OVA) inhalation challenge. Alveolar macrophages (AM) and pulmonary-associated lymph node cells (LNC) were isolated and intracellular CYSH and GSH assessed. OVA-specific IgE and IgG antibodies were quantified from sera. A dose-dependent biphasic response was noted with respect to OVA-specific IgE. OVA-specific IgG concentrations were maximal at 68 mg (OVA)/m super(3). OVA challenge to sensitized rats induced increases in BALF albumin, total protein, lactate dehydrogenase, CYSH and GSH that were independent of serum antibody concentrations. AM thiols were modestly elevated at low OVA challenge doses, but sharply reduced at the higher OVA challenge doses. In contrast, both thiols were dose dependently elevated in BALF. CYSH, but not GSH, was elevated in LNC of OVA challenged rats. In summary, antigen exposure caused a dose-dependent alteration of inflammatory, thiol and immune parameters in OVA sensitized and challenged rats. Changes in thiol levels did not correlate with antibody responses. While the results of the present study do not support a functional role for thiols in the immune response, it is important to note the dose-dependent dramatic alteration seen in thiols following sensitization and challenge. JF - Toxicology and Industrial Health AU - Al-Humadi, N H AU - Ma, JKH AU - Lewis, D M AU - Ma, JYC AU - Barger, M W AU - Siegel, P D AD - National Institute of Occupational Safety and Health, ASB, L4218, 1095 Willowdale Road, Morgantown, WV 26506-9530, USA, pds3@cdc.gov Y1 - 2002/08// PY - 2002 DA - Aug 2002 SP - 343 EP - 352 VL - 18 IS - 7 SN - 0748-2337, 0748-2337 KW - rats KW - Toxicology Abstracts KW - Inhalation KW - Ovalbumin KW - Lung KW - Thiols KW - Immune response KW - Inflammation KW - X 24240:Miscellaneous UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/17936378?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxicologyabstracts&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Toxicology+and+Industrial+Health&rft.atitle=Dose-dependent+thiol+and+immune+responses+to+ovalbumin+challenge+in+Brown+Norway+rats&rft.au=Al-Humadi%2C+N+H%3BMa%2C+JKH%3BLewis%2C+D+M%3BMa%2C+JYC%3BBarger%2C+M+W%3BSiegel%2C+P+D&rft.aulast=Al-Humadi&rft.aufirst=N&rft.date=2002-08-01&rft.volume=18&rft.issue=7&rft.spage=343&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Toxicology+and+Industrial+Health&rft.issn=07482337&rft_id=info:doi/10.1191%2F0748233702th155oa LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Inhalation; Ovalbumin; Immune response; Inflammation; Thiols; Lung DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1191/0748233702th155oa ER - TY - CPAPER T1 - Mechanisms of night-morning maximum rainfall offshore of high mountains AN - 39609715; 3684777 AU - Mapes, B E AU - Warner, T T AU - Xu, M Y1 - 2002/07/31/ PY - 2002 DA - 2002 Jul 31 KW - CPI, Conference Papers Index KW - U 4300:Environmental Science UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/39609715?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Acpi&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=conference&rft.jtitle=&rft.atitle=Mechanisms+of+night-morning+maximum+rainfall+offshore+of+high+mountains&rft.au=Mapes%2C+B+E%3BWarner%2C+T+T%3BXu%2C+M&rft.aulast=Mapes&rft.aufirst=B&rft.date=2002-07-31&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - SuppNotes - Availability: American Meteorological Society, 45 Beacon St., Boston, MA 02108-3693, USA; URL: www.ams.org. Paper No. 8B.4 N1 - Last updated - 2010-05-03 ER - TY - CPAPER T1 - Influence of ENSO on the Indian Ocean dipole AN - 39538425; 3684852 AU - Shinoda, T AU - Alexander, MA AU - Hendon, H H Y1 - 2002/07/31/ PY - 2002 DA - 2002 Jul 31 KW - CPI, Conference Papers Index KW - U 4300:Environmental Science UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/39538425?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Acpi&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=conference&rft.jtitle=&rft.atitle=Influence+of+ENSO+on+the+Indian+Ocean+dipole&rft.au=Shinoda%2C+T%3BAlexander%2C+MA%3BHendon%2C+H+H&rft.aulast=Shinoda&rft.aufirst=T&rft.date=2002-07-31&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - SuppNotes - Availability: American Meteorological Society, 45 Beacon St., Boston, MA 02108-3693, USA; URL: www.ams.org. Paper No. 12C.3 N1 - Last updated - 2010-05-03 ER - TY - CPAPER T1 - Prevalence of heart failure among U.S. adults: Results from the 1999 national health interview survey AN - 39524979; 3683308 AU - Ni, H Y1 - 2002/07/31/ PY - 2002 DA - 2002 Jul 31 KW - CPI, Conference Papers Index KW - U 2000:Biology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/39524979?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Acpi&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=conference&rft.jtitle=&rft.atitle=Prevalence+of+heart+failure+among+U.S.+adults%3A+Results+from+the+1999+national+health+interview+survey&rft.au=Ni%2C+H&rft.aulast=Ni&rft.aufirst=H&rft.date=2002-07-31&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - SuppNotes - Availability: Louisiana State University, 433 Bolivar St., New Orleans, LA 70112-2223, USA; phone: 504-568-4808; URL: www.lsumc.edu N1 - Last updated - 2010-05-03 ER - TY - CPAPER T1 - Using time-height cross-sections of cumulus cloud fields for solar radiative transfer AN - 39513318; 3684110 AU - Pincus, R AU - Hannay, C AU - Evans, K F Y1 - 2002/07/31/ PY - 2002 DA - 2002 Jul 31 KW - CPI, Conference Papers Index KW - U 4300:Environmental Science UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/39513318?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Acpi&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=conference&rft.jtitle=&rft.atitle=Using+time-height+cross-sections+of+cumulus+cloud+fields+for+solar+radiative+transfer&rft.au=Pincus%2C+R%3BHannay%2C+C%3BEvans%2C+K+F&rft.aulast=Pincus&rft.aufirst=R&rft.date=2002-07-31&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - SuppNotes - Availability: American Meterological Society, 45 Beacon Street, Boston, MA 02108-3693, USA; phone: 617-227-2425; fax: 617-742-8718; URL: www.ametsoc.org. Paper No. J4.3 N1 - Last updated - 2010-05-03 ER - TY - CPAPER T1 - Onset of the rainy season over tropical Brazil in observations and a general circulation model simulation AN - 39512564; 3684885 AU - Liebmann, B AU - Allured, D AU - Seth, A AU - Camargo, S J Y1 - 2002/07/31/ PY - 2002 DA - 2002 Jul 31 KW - CPI, Conference Papers Index KW - U 4300:Environmental Science UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/39512564?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Acpi&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=conference&rft.jtitle=&rft.atitle=Onset+of+the+rainy+season+over+tropical+Brazil+in+observations+and+a+general+circulation+model+simulation&rft.au=Liebmann%2C+B%3BAllured%2C+D%3BSeth%2C+A%3BCamargo%2C+S+J&rft.aulast=Liebmann&rft.aufirst=B&rft.date=2002-07-31&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - SuppNotes - Availability: American Meteorological Society, 45 Beacon St., Boston, MA 02108-3693, USA; URL: www.ams.org. Paper No. 14B.1 N1 - Last updated - 2010-05-03 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Methemoglobinemia following unintentional ingestion of sodium nitrite--New York, 2002. AN - 72014018; 12186221 AB - Methemoglobinemia is an unusual and potentially fatal condition in which hemoglobin is oxidized to methemoglobin and loses its ability to bind and transport oxygen. The most common cause of methemoglobinemia is the ingestion or inhalation of oxidizing agents such as nitrates or nitrites (e.g., sodium nitrite, which is used commonly as a preservative in curing meats and fish). This report summarizes the investigation of an incident of methemoglobinemia in five members of a household in New York who became ill after eating a meal seasoned with a white crystalline substance from a plastic bag labeled "Refined Iodized Table Salt" (Figure). The findings underscore the need for proper storage of hazardous materials to avoid unintentional ingestion and the importance of collaboration by multiple agencies to address a potential public health emergency. JF - MMWR. Morbidity and mortality weekly report AU - Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) AD - Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) Y1 - 2002/07/26/ PY - 2002 DA - 2002 Jul 26 SP - 639 EP - 642 VL - 51 IS - 29 SN - 0149-2195, 0149-2195 KW - Enzyme Inhibitors KW - 0 KW - Food Preservatives KW - Sodium Chloride, Dietary KW - Methemoglobin KW - 9008-37-1 KW - Sodium Nitrite KW - M0KG633D4F KW - Methylene Blue KW - T42P99266K KW - Index Medicus KW - Seizures -- chemically induced KW - Respiratory Insufficiency -- chemically induced KW - Dizziness -- chemically induced KW - Enzyme Inhibitors -- therapeutic use KW - Humans KW - Vomiting -- chemically induced KW - Methylene Blue -- therapeutic use KW - Food Labeling KW - Unconsciousness -- chemically induced KW - New York KW - Cyanosis -- chemically induced KW - Adult KW - Methemoglobin -- antagonists & inhibitors KW - Middle Aged KW - Female KW - Male KW - Food Preservatives -- poisoning KW - Methemoglobinemia -- chemically induced KW - Sodium Nitrite -- poisoning UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/72014018?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=MMWR.+Morbidity+and+mortality+weekly+report&rft.atitle=Methemoglobinemia+following+unintentional+ingestion+of+sodium+nitrite--New+York%2C+2002.&rft.au=Centers+for+Disease+Control+and+Prevention+%28CDC%29&rft.aulast=Centers+for+Disease+Control+and+Prevention+%28CDC%29&rft.aufirst=&rft.date=2002-07-26&rft.volume=51&rft.issue=29&rft.spage=639&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=MMWR.+Morbidity+and+mortality+weekly+report&rft.issn=01492195&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 2002-09-03 N1 - Date created - 2002-08-20 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Multistate outbreak of Escherichia coli O157:H7 infections associated with eating ground beef--United States, June-July 2002. AN - 72009103; 12186220 AB - During July 2002, the Colorado Department of Public Health and Environment (CDPHE) identified an outbreak of Escherichia coli O157:H7 infections among Colorado residents. This report summarizes the results of an ongoing epidemiologic and laboratory investigation that has linked 28 illnesses in Colorado and six other states to eating contaminated ground beef products recalled by ConAgra Beef Company on June 30, 2002. To date, seven patients have been hospitalized; five developed hemolytic-uremic syndrome (HUS). JF - MMWR. Morbidity and mortality weekly report AU - Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) AD - Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) Y1 - 2002/07/26/ PY - 2002 DA - 2002 Jul 26 SP - 637 EP - 639 VL - 51 IS - 29 SN - 0149-2195, 0149-2195 KW - Index Medicus KW - Animals KW - Humans KW - Aged KW - Child, Preschool KW - Infant KW - Cattle KW - Adult KW - Electrophoresis, Gel, Pulsed-Field KW - Food Industry KW - Middle Aged KW - Adolescent KW - United States -- epidemiology KW - Cluster Analysis KW - Colorado -- epidemiology KW - Food Microbiology KW - Escherichia coli O157 -- classification KW - Escherichia coli Infections -- epidemiology KW - Meat -- microbiology KW - Disease Outbreaks KW - Escherichia coli Infections -- prevention & control UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/72009103?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=MMWR.+Morbidity+and+mortality+weekly+report&rft.atitle=Multistate+outbreak+of+Escherichia+coli+O157%3AH7+infections+associated+with+eating+ground+beef--United+States%2C+June-July+2002.&rft.au=Centers+for+Disease+Control+and+Prevention+%28CDC%29&rft.aulast=Centers+for+Disease+Control+and+Prevention+%28CDC%29&rft.aufirst=&rft.date=2002-07-26&rft.volume=51&rft.issue=29&rft.spage=637&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=MMWR.+Morbidity+and+mortality+weekly+report&rft.issn=01492195&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 2002-09-03 N1 - Date created - 2002-08-20 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - A population-based comparison of strategies to prevent early-onset group B streptococcal disease in neonates AN - 18467341; 5435387 AB - Guidelines issued in 1996 in the United States recommend either screening of pregnant women for group B streptococcal colonization by means of cultures (screening approach) or assessing clinical risk factors (risk-based approach) to identify candidates for intrapartum antibiotic prophylaxis. In a multistate retrospective cohort study, we compared the effectiveness of the screening and risk-based approaches in preventing early-onset group B streptococcal disease (in infants less than seven days old). We studied a stratified random sample of the 629,912 live births in 1998 and 1999 in eight geographical areas where there was active surveillance for group B streptococcal infection, including all births in which the neonate had early-onset disease. Women with no documented culture for group B streptococcus were considered to have been cared for according to the risk-based approach. We studied 5144 births, including 312 in which the newborn had early-onset group B streptococcal disease. Antenatal screening was documented for 52 percent of the mothers. The risk of early-onset disease was significantly lower among the infants of screened women than among those in the risk-based group (adjusted relative risk, 0.46; 95 percent confidence interval, 0.36 to 0.60). Because women whose providers had no strategy for prophylaxis may have been misclassified in the risk-based group, we excluded all women with risk factors and adequate time for prophylaxis who did not receive antibiotics. The adjusted relative risk of early-onset disease associated with the screening approach in this secondary analysis was similar - 0.48 (95 percent confidence interval, 0.37 to 0.63). Routine screening for group B streptococcus during pregnancy prevents more cases of early-onset disease than the risk-based approach. Recommendations that endorse both strategies as equivalent warrant reconsideration. JF - New England Journal of Medicine AU - Schrag, S J AU - Zell, E R AU - Lynfield, R AU - Roome, A AU - Arnold, KE AU - Craig, A S AU - Harrison, L H AU - Reingold, A AU - Stefonek, K AU - Smith, G AU - Gamble, M AU - Schuchat, A AD - Respiratory Diseases Branch, MS-C23, Division of Bacterial and Mycotic Disease, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, 1600 Clifton Rd., Atlanta, GA 30333, USA, zha6@cdc.gov Y1 - 2002/07/25/ PY - 2002 DA - 2002 Jul 25 SP - 233 EP - 239 VL - 347 IS - 4 SN - 0028-4793, 0028-4793 KW - streptococci KW - Microbiology Abstracts B: Bacteriology KW - J 02855:Human Bacteriology: Others UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/18467341?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologyb&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=New+England+Journal+of+Medicine&rft.atitle=A+population-based+comparison+of+strategies+to+prevent+early-onset+group+B+streptococcal+disease+in+neonates&rft.au=Schrag%2C+S+J%3BZell%2C+E+R%3BLynfield%2C+R%3BRoome%2C+A%3BArnold%2C+KE%3BCraig%2C+A+S%3BHarrison%2C+L+H%3BReingold%2C+A%3BStefonek%2C+K%3BSmith%2C+G%3BGamble%2C+M%3BSchuchat%2C+A&rft.aulast=Schrag&rft.aufirst=S&rft.date=2002-07-25&rft.volume=347&rft.issue=4&rft.spage=233&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=New+England+Journal+of+Medicine&rft.issn=00284793&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Demonstration of spread by Mycobacterium tuberculosis bacilli in A549 epithelial cell monolayers AN - 18442727; 5425201 AB - We developed an in vitro tissue-culture model to analyze the process involved in mycobacterial spread through lung epithelial cell monolayers. A549 cells were infected with low numbers of viable Mycobacterium tuberculosis bacilli expressing the gfp gene. Subsequent addition of a soft agarose overlay prevented the dispersal of the bacilli from the initial points of attachment. By fluorescence microscopy the bacteria were observed to infect and grow within the primary target cells; this was followed by lysis of the infected cells and subsequent infection of adjacent cells. This process repeated itself until an area of clearing (plaque formation) was observed. The addition of amikacin after initial infection did not prevent intracellular growth; however, subsequent plaque formation was not observed. Plaque formation was also observed after infection with Mycobacterium bovis BCG bacilli, but the plaques were smaller than those formed after infection with M. tuberculosis. These observations reinforce the possibility that cell-to-cell spreading of M. tuberculosis bacilli, particularly early in the course of infection within lung macrophages, pneumocytes, and other cells, may be an important component in the infectious process. JF - FEMS Microbiology Letters AU - Castro-Garza, J AU - King, CH AU - Swords, W E AU - Quinn, F D AD - Division de Biologa Celular y Molecular, Centro de Investigacion Biomedica del Noreste, IMSS, Monterrey, N.L., Mexico, fquinn@cdc.gov Y1 - 2002/07/02/ PY - 2002 DA - 2002 Jul 02 SP - 145 EP - 149 PB - Federation of European Microbiological Societies VL - 212 IS - 2 SN - 0378-1097, 0378-1097 KW - A549 cells KW - gfp gene KW - Microbiology Abstracts B: Bacteriology KW - J 02845:Ear, nose and respiratory tract UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/18442727?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologyb&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=FEMS+Microbiology+Letters&rft.atitle=Demonstration+of+spread+by+Mycobacterium+tuberculosis+bacilli+in+A549+epithelial+cell+monolayers&rft.au=Castro-Garza%2C+J%3BKing%2C+CH%3BSwords%2C+W+E%3BQuinn%2C+F+D&rft.aulast=Castro-Garza&rft.aufirst=J&rft.date=2002-07-02&rft.volume=212&rft.issue=2&rft.spage=145&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=FEMS+Microbiology+Letters&rft.issn=03781097&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Prevalence of safer needle devices and factors associated with their adoption: results of a national hospital survey. AN - 72762929; 12477915 AB - In this study, we collected and analyzed the first data available on the extent of the adoption of safer needle devices (engineered sharps injury protections [ESIPs]) by U.S. hospitals and on the degree to which selected factors influence the use of this technology. We gathered data via a telephone survey of a random sample of 494 U.S. hospitals from November 1999 through February 2000. Although 83% of the sample reported some ESIP adoption, adoption was inconsistent across types of devices. All of the appropriate units in 52% of the facilities had adopted needleless intravenous delivery systems, but the hospitals used other types of ESIPs less often. A respondent's perception that the cost of ESIPs would not be a problem for the hospital was the best predictor of adoption of ESIPs in the facility, explaining 8% of the variance. Other predictors of adoption included the size of the hospital and the presence or absence of state legislative activity on the needlestick issue. Smaller hospitals may require special encouragement and assistance from outside sources to adopt expensive risk-reduction innovations such as ESIPs. Although use of ESIPs is the mandated and preferred way to protect workers from needlesticks, complete adoption of this technology will depend on the support of the social systems in which it is used and the people who use it. JF - Public health reports (Washington, D.C. : 1974) AU - Sinclair, Raymond C AU - Maxfield, Andrew AU - Marks, Ellen L AU - Thompson, Douglas R AU - Gershon, Robyn R M AD - Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, Cincinnati, OH 45226, USA. rsinclair@cdc.gov PY - 2002 SP - 340 EP - 349 VL - 117 IS - 4 SN - 0033-3549, 0033-3549 KW - Abridged Index Medicus KW - Index Medicus KW - United States KW - Needles -- standards KW - Risk Reduction Behavior KW - Attitude of Health Personnel KW - Humans KW - Blood-Borne Pathogens KW - United States Occupational Safety and Health Administration KW - Data Collection KW - Infectious Disease Transmission, Patient-to-Professional -- prevention & control KW - Syringes -- standards KW - Cross Infection -- prevention & control KW - Infection Control -- statistics & numerical data KW - Occupational Exposure -- prevention & control KW - Infection Control -- standards KW - Guideline Adherence -- statistics & numerical data KW - Needlestick Injuries -- prevention & control KW - Diffusion of Innovation KW - Equipment Safety KW - Medication Systems, Hospital -- statistics & numerical data KW - Medication Systems, Hospital -- standards KW - Infusions, Intravenous -- instrumentation KW - Blood Specimen Collection -- instrumentation UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/72762929?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Public+health+reports+%28Washington%2C+D.C.+%3A+1974%29&rft.atitle=Prevalence+of+safer+needle+devices+and+factors+associated+with+their+adoption%3A+results+of+a+national+hospital+survey.&rft.au=Sinclair%2C+Raymond+C%3BMaxfield%2C+Andrew%3BMarks%2C+Ellen+L%3BThompson%2C+Douglas+R%3BGershon%2C+Robyn+R+M&rft.aulast=Sinclair&rft.aufirst=Raymond&rft.date=2002-07-01&rft.volume=117&rft.issue=4&rft.spage=340&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Public+health+reports+%28Washington%2C+D.C.+%3A+1974%29&rft.issn=00333549&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 2003-01-28 N1 - Date created - 2002-12-12 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - A profile of U.S.-based trials of behavioral and social interventions for HIV risk reduction. AN - 71895175; 12107358 AB - We describe 99 (experimental and certain quasi-experimental) U.S.-based trials, reported or published since 1988, of behavioral and social interventions that measured prespecified behavioral and biologic outcomes and aimed to reduce risk for HIV infection. Studies identified through June 1998 by the HIV/AIDS Prevention Research Synthesis project were grouped into 4 risk behavior areas: drug-related (k [number of studies] = 48), heterosexual youth (k = 24), heterosexual adult (k = 17), and same-sex (k = 10). We compared the studies in the 4 areas by variables key to the development, evaluation, and transfer of interventions. Participants comprised injection drug users (43% of studies), drug users out of treatment (29%), African Americans (18%), clinic patients (18%), youth in schools (10%), and drug users in treatment (10%). Most studies were randomized (85%), provided another intervention to the control or comparison groups (71%), and evaluated behavioral interventions (92%). On average, interventions were conducted in 5 sessions (total, 8 hours) during 3 months. The theoretical basis of the intervention was not noted in 57% of the reports. At least one variable from each of the 3 outcome classifications was measured in 8% of the studies: behavioral, biologic, and psychosocial. Distinct profiles exist for the 4 risk areas. Addressing gaps in research and reporting would be helpful for analytical and program activities. This sizable portfolio of evaluated interventions contributes to effectiveness reviews and to considerations of transfer to program practice. JF - Journal of acquired immune deficiency syndromes (1999) AU - Semaan, Salaam AU - Kay, Linda AU - Strouse, Darcy AU - Sogolow, Ellen AU - Mullen, Patricia Dolan AU - Neumann, Mary Spink AU - Flores, Stephen A AU - Peersman, Greet AU - Johnson, Wayne D AU - Lipman, Paula Darby AU - Eke, Agatha AU - Des Jarlais, Don C AD - Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia 30333, USA. ssemaan@cdc.gov Y1 - 2002/07/01/ PY - 2002 DA - 2002 Jul 01 SP - S30 EP - S50 VL - 30 Suppl 1 SN - 1525-4135, 1525-4135 KW - Index Medicus KW - AIDS/HIV KW - United States KW - Sexual Behavior KW - Randomized Controlled Trials as Topic KW - Public Health -- methods KW - Humans KW - Heterosexuality KW - Adult KW - Substance-Related Disorders KW - Outcome Assessment (Health Care) KW - Homosexuality KW - Adolescent KW - Male KW - Female KW - Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome -- prevention & control KW - Behavior Therapy -- standards KW - Risk-Taking KW - Behavior Therapy -- methods KW - Epidemiologic Research Design UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/71895175?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+acquired+immune+deficiency+syndromes+%281999%29&rft.atitle=A+profile+of+U.S.-based+trials+of+behavioral+and+social+interventions+for+HIV+risk+reduction.&rft.au=Semaan%2C+Salaam%3BKay%2C+Linda%3BStrouse%2C+Darcy%3BSogolow%2C+Ellen%3BMullen%2C+Patricia+Dolan%3BNeumann%2C+Mary+Spink%3BFlores%2C+Stephen+A%3BPeersman%2C+Greet%3BJohnson%2C+Wayne+D%3BLipman%2C+Paula+Darby%3BEke%2C+Agatha%3BDes+Jarlais%2C+Don+C&rft.aulast=Semaan&rft.aufirst=Salaam&rft.date=2002-07-01&rft.volume=30+Suppl+1&rft.issue=&rft.spage=S30&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+acquired+immune+deficiency+syndromes+%281999%29&rft.issn=15254135&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 2002-08-01 N1 - Date created - 2002-07-10 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Occupational burns from oxygen resuscitator fires: the hazard of aluminum regulators. AN - 71894547; 12111692 AB - There have been over 30 incidents of oxygen resuscitator fires over the last 6 years, causing severe burns to a number of fire fighters, emergency medical service personnel, health care workers, and patients. The National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH) was requested to investigate three such incidents. NIOSH conducted site investigations of the incidents, and the requesters also sent the involved oxygen resuscitators to a forensic engineering company for a causal analysis. The investigated fires were associated with aluminum regulators, all from one manufacturer, on compressed pure oxygen cylinders. The investigations indicated that the cause of the fires was an initial small ignition in the high-pressure area of the aluminum regulator, which then consumed itself in a massive burnout. Aluminum regulators used with high-pressure oxygen systems are subject to rare, but potentially catastrophic combustion in normal use. Replacement of such regulators with those made of more fire-resistant materials or designs, as well as education and improved safety practices are needed to reduce this hazard. JF - American journal of industrial medicine AU - Hodous, Thomas K AU - Washenitz, Frank AU - Newton, Barry AD - Division of Safety Research, National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Morgantown, West Virginia 26505, USA. thh1@cdc.gov Y1 - 2002/07// PY - 2002 DA - July 2002 SP - 63 EP - 69 VL - 42 IS - 1 SN - 0271-3586, 0271-3586 KW - Aluminum KW - CPD4NFA903 KW - Oxygen KW - S88TT14065 KW - Index Medicus KW - Humans KW - Accidents, Occupational KW - Aluminum -- adverse effects KW - Fires KW - Hyperbaric Oxygenation -- instrumentation KW - Resuscitation -- instrumentation KW - Equipment Design -- adverse effects KW - Oxygen -- administration & dosage KW - Positive-Pressure Respiration -- instrumentation KW - Burns -- etiology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/71894547?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=American+journal+of+industrial+medicine&rft.atitle=Occupational+burns+from+oxygen+resuscitator+fires%3A+the+hazard+of+aluminum+regulators.&rft.au=Hodous%2C+Thomas+K%3BWashenitz%2C+Frank%3BNewton%2C+Barry&rft.aulast=Hodous&rft.aufirst=Thomas&rft.date=2002-07-01&rft.volume=42&rft.issue=1&rft.spage=63&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=American+journal+of+industrial+medicine&rft.issn=02713586&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 2002-09-12 N1 - Date created - 2002-07-11 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - A meta-analysis of the effect of HIV prevention interventions on the sex behaviors of drug users in the United States. AN - 71890048; 12107362 AB - We examined the effectiveness of 33 U.S.-based HIV intervention studies in reducing the sexual risk behaviors of drug users by reducing unprotected sex or increasing the use of male condoms. The studies, identified as of June 1998, through the HIV/AIDS Prevention Research Synthesis project, were published in 1988 or later, measured behavioral or biologic outcomes, used experimental designs or certain quasi-experimental designs, and reported sufficient data for calculating an effect size for sexual risk reduction. Of the 33 studies, 94% recruited injection drug users; 21% recruited crack users. The mean age of participants was 36 years. Almost all studies were randomized (94%), provided another HIV intervention to the comparison groups (91%), and evaluated behavioral interventions (91%). On average, interventions were conducted in 5 sessions (total, 10 hours) during 4.5 months. Interventions compared with no interventions were strong and significant (k = 3; odds ratio [OR], 0.60; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.43-0.85). Interventions compared with other HIV interventions showed a modest additional benefit (k = 30; OR, 0.91; 95% CI, 0.81-1.03). When we extrapolated our result (an OR of 0.60) to a population with a 72% prevalence of risk behavior, the proportion of drug users who reduced their risk behaviors was 12.6% greater in the intervention groups than in the comparison groups. Our meta-analysis shows that interventions can lead to sexual risk reduction among drug users and justifies providing interventions to drug users. Developing interventions with stronger effects to further reduce sexual risk behaviors among drug users must remain a high priority. JF - Journal of acquired immune deficiency syndromes (1999) AU - Semaan, Salaam AU - Des Jarlais, Don C AU - Sogolow, Ellen AU - Johnson, Wayne D AU - Hedges, Larry V AU - Ramirez, Gilbert AU - Flores, Stephen A AU - Norman, Lisa AU - Sweat, Michael D AU - Needle, Richard AD - Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia 30333, USA. ssemaan@cdc.gov Y1 - 2002/07/01/ PY - 2002 DA - 2002 Jul 01 SP - S73 EP - S93 VL - 30 Suppl 1 SN - 1525-4135, 1525-4135 KW - Index Medicus KW - AIDS/HIV KW - United States KW - Condoms KW - Safe Sex KW - Humans KW - Adult KW - Male KW - Female KW - Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome -- prevention & control KW - Sexual Behavior KW - Behavior Therapy -- standards KW - Risk-Taking KW - Substance-Related Disorders KW - Behavior Therapy -- methods UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/71890048?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+acquired+immune+deficiency+syndromes+%281999%29&rft.atitle=A+meta-analysis+of+the+effect+of+HIV+prevention+interventions+on+the+sex+behaviors+of+drug+users+in+the+United+States.&rft.au=Semaan%2C+Salaam%3BDes+Jarlais%2C+Don+C%3BSogolow%2C+Ellen%3BJohnson%2C+Wayne+D%3BHedges%2C+Larry+V%3BRamirez%2C+Gilbert%3BFlores%2C+Stephen+A%3BNorman%2C+Lisa%3BSweat%2C+Michael+D%3BNeedle%2C+Richard&rft.aulast=Semaan&rft.aufirst=Salaam&rft.date=2002-07-01&rft.volume=30+Suppl+1&rft.issue=&rft.spage=S73&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+acquired+immune+deficiency+syndromes+%281999%29&rft.issn=15254135&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 2002-08-01 N1 - Date created - 2002-07-10 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Adverse childhood experiences and risk of paternity in teen pregnancy. AN - 71886291; 12100801 AB - Few studies have investigated risk factors that predispose males to be involved in teen pregnancies. To provide new information on such factors, we examined the relationships of eight common adverse childhood experiences to a male's risk of impregnating a teenager. We conducted a retrospective cohort study using questionnaire responses from 7399 men who visited a primary care clinic of a large health maintenance organization in California. Data included age of the youngest female ever impregnated; the man's own age at the time; his history of childhood emotional, physical, or sexual abuse; having a battered mother; parental separation or divorce; and having household members who were substance abusers, mentally ill, or criminals. Odds ratios (ORs) for the risk of involvement in a teen pregnancy were adjusted for age, race, and education. At least one adverse childhood experience was reported by 63% of participants, and 34% had at least two adverse childhood experiences; 19% of men had been involved in a teen pregnancy. Each adverse childhood experience was positively associated with impregnating a teenager, with ORs ranging from 1.2 (sexual abuse) to 1.8 (criminal in home). We found strong graded relationships (P <.001) between the number of adverse childhood experiences and the risk of involvement in a teen pregnancy for each of four birth cohorts during the last century. Compared with males with no adverse childhood experiences, a male with at least five adverse childhood experiences had an OR of 2.6 (95% confidence interval [CI] 2.0, 3.4) for impregnating a teenager. The magnitude of the ORs for the adverse childhood experiences was reduced 64-100% by adjustment for potential intermediate variables (age at first intercourse, number of sexual partners, having a sexually transmitted disease, and alcohol or drug abuse) that also exhibited a strong graded relationship to adverse childhood experiences. Adverse childhood experiences have an important relationship to male involvement in teen pregnancy. This relationship has persisted throughout four successive birth cohorts dating back to 1900-1929, suggesting that the effects of adverse childhood experiences transcend changing sexual mores and contraceptive methods. Efforts to prevent teen pregnancy will likely benefit from preventing adverse childhood experiences and their associated effects on male behaviors that might mediate the increased risk of teen pregnancy. JF - Obstetrics and gynecology AU - Anda, Robert F AU - Chapman, Daniel P AU - Felitti, Vincent J AU - Edwards, Valerie AU - Williamson, David F AU - Croft, Janet B AU - Giles, Wayne H AD - National Center for Chronic Disease Prevention and Health Promotion, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia 30341, USA. Y1 - 2002/07// PY - 2002 DA - July 2002 SP - 37 EP - 45 VL - 100 IS - 1 SN - 0029-7844, 0029-7844 KW - Abridged Index Medicus KW - Index Medicus KW - Probability KW - Odds Ratio KW - Age Factors KW - Divorce KW - Humans KW - Retrospective Studies KW - Child KW - Risk Assessment KW - Pregnancy KW - Child, Preschool KW - Child Abuse, Sexual -- psychology KW - Family Relations KW - Cohort Studies KW - Substance-Related Disorders KW - Confidence Intervals KW - Adolescent KW - California -- epidemiology KW - Male KW - Female KW - Spouse Abuse -- psychology KW - Prevalence KW - Pregnancy in Adolescence -- psychology KW - Child Abuse -- psychology KW - Pregnancy in Adolescence -- statistics & numerical data KW - Stress, Psychological KW - Paternity UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/71886291?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Obstetrics+and+gynecology&rft.atitle=Adverse+childhood+experiences+and+risk+of+paternity+in+teen+pregnancy.&rft.au=Anda%2C+Robert+F%3BChapman%2C+Daniel+P%3BFelitti%2C+Vincent+J%3BEdwards%2C+Valerie%3BWilliamson%2C+David+F%3BCroft%2C+Janet+B%3BGiles%2C+Wayne+H&rft.aulast=Anda&rft.aufirst=Robert&rft.date=2002-07-01&rft.volume=100&rft.issue=1&rft.spage=37&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Obstetrics+and+gynecology&rft.issn=00297844&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 2002-08-02 N1 - Date created - 2002-07-08 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Maternal fever, multivitamin use, and selected birth defects: evidence of interaction? AN - 71877898; 12094106 AB - Multivitamin use has been associated with lower risks for some birth defects. We evaluated whether multivitamin use modified birth defect risks associated with febrile illness, a common and possibly teratogenic exposure. From the population-based Atlanta Birth Defects Case-Control Study (1968-1980) we selected seven defects (neural tube defects, cleft lip and palate, cardiac outflow tract defects, ventricular septal defects, atrial septal defects, omphalocele, and limb deficiencies) because of their inverse relation with multivitamin supplement use documented in previous analyses. We defined four exposure categories from combinations of multivitamin use (periconceptional use compared with no use) and febrile illness (early pregnancy compared with no illness). The reference category was no multivitamin use and no illness. Febrile illness with no multivitamin use was associated with generally increased risk for the seven defects and the combined group (odds ratio = 2.1, 1.7, 1.5, 1.9, 2.9, 4.4, 3.3, and 2.3, respectively). With multivitamin use, however, the risk estimates associated with febrile illness were generally lower (odds ratio = 0.6, 1.1, 0.0, 1.5, 0.0, 0.8, 0.0, and 0.8, respectively). Some of the associated 95% confidence intervals included one. The pattern of findings suggests that multivitamin use might decrease the risk associated with febrile illness. JF - Epidemiology (Cambridge, Mass.) AU - Botto, Lorenzo D AU - Erickson, J David AU - Mulinare, Joseph AU - Lynberg, Michele C AU - Liu, Yecai AD - National Center on Birth Defects and Developmental Disabilities, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, 4770 Buford Highway NE, Atlanta, GA 30341, USA. LBotto@cdc.gov Y1 - 2002/07// PY - 2002 DA - July 2002 SP - 485 EP - 488 VL - 13 IS - 4 SN - 1044-3983, 1044-3983 KW - Vitamins KW - 0 KW - Index Medicus KW - Registries KW - Georgia -- epidemiology KW - Risk Factors KW - Humans KW - Pregnancy Complications, Infectious KW - Case-Control Studies KW - Female KW - Pregnancy KW - Multivariate Analysis KW - Fever -- complications KW - Congenital Abnormalities -- prevention & control KW - Vitamins -- administration & dosage KW - Congenital Abnormalities -- epidemiology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/71877898?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Epidemiology+%28Cambridge%2C+Mass.%29&rft.atitle=Maternal+fever%2C+multivitamin+use%2C+and+selected+birth+defects%3A+evidence+of+interaction%3F&rft.au=Botto%2C+Lorenzo+D%3BErickson%2C+J+David%3BMulinare%2C+Joseph%3BLynberg%2C+Michele+C%3BLiu%2C+Yecai&rft.aulast=Botto&rft.aufirst=Lorenzo&rft.date=2002-07-01&rft.volume=13&rft.issue=4&rft.spage=485&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Epidemiology+%28Cambridge%2C+Mass.%29&rft.issn=10443983&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 2002-08-16 N1 - Date created - 2002-07-02 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - SuppNotes - Comment In: Epidemiology. 2002 Nov;13(6):620-1 [12410000] N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Patient colonization and environmental contamination by vancomycin-resistant enterococci in a rehabilitation facility. AN - 71875505; 12098146 AB - To determine the frequency of environmental contamination in patient and common-use rooms and patient colonization by vancomycin-resistant enterococci (VRE). Cross-sectional study. A 146-bed rehabilitation facility. Rectal cultures were collected from 74 (80%) of 93 patients. Environmental cultures were obtained from surfaces in 15 patient rooms (5 floors) and common-use areas on 8 floors. Not applicable. Gastrointestinal colonization of patients and environmental contamination of surfaces by VRE. VRE was detected from 13 (18%) of 74 patients and 32 (10%) of 319 surfaces. The frequency of positive environmental cultures varied by location; cultures were more likely to be positive in patient rooms (15%), followed by common areas on patient floors (9%) and common areas separate from patient floors (1.3%). Surfaces were more likely to be positive in rooms with a VRE-colonized patient (24%), compared with rooms in which patient colonization status was unknown (13%, P=.13) or the patient was not colonized (0%, P=.002). Surfaces were more likely to be contaminated in a room that housed an incontinent compared with continent patients (22% vs 7%, P=.01). Although environmental contamination by VRE was common in patient rooms, contamination of common-use areas separate from patient floors was infrequent. Despite use of common-use areas by colonized patients, isolation practices at this facility appear to have minimized environmental surface contamination in these areas. Copyright 2002 by the American Congress of Rehabilitation Medicine and the American Academy of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation JF - Archives of physical medicine and rehabilitation AU - Trick, William E AU - Temple, Randy S AU - Chen, David AU - Wright, Marc O AU - Solomon, Steven L AU - Peterson, Lance R AD - Division of Healthcare Quality Promotion, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA, USA. wbt9@cdc.gov Y1 - 2002/07// PY - 2002 DA - July 2002 SP - 899 EP - 902 VL - 83 IS - 7 SN - 0003-9993, 0003-9993 KW - Abridged Index Medicus KW - Index Medicus KW - Infection Control -- statistics & numerical data KW - Cross-Sectional Studies KW - Humans KW - Rectum -- microbiology KW - Epidemiological Monitoring KW - Microbial Sensitivity Tests KW - Prevalence KW - Enterococcus faecium -- isolation & purification KW - Gram-Positive Bacterial Infections -- microbiology KW - Enterococcus faecium -- genetics KW - Gram-Positive Bacterial Infections -- epidemiology KW - Enterococcus faecium -- drug effects KW - Vancomycin Resistance -- genetics KW - Rehabilitation Centers -- statistics & numerical data KW - Environmental Monitoring -- statistics & numerical data KW - Gram-Positive Bacterial Infections -- diagnosis UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/71875505?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Archives+of+physical+medicine+and+rehabilitation&rft.atitle=Patient+colonization+and+environmental+contamination+by+vancomycin-resistant+enterococci+in+a+rehabilitation+facility.&rft.au=Trick%2C+William+E%3BTemple%2C+Randy+S%3BChen%2C+David%3BWright%2C+Marc+O%3BSolomon%2C+Steven+L%3BPeterson%2C+Lance+R&rft.aulast=Trick&rft.aufirst=William&rft.date=2002-07-01&rft.volume=83&rft.issue=7&rft.spage=899&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Archives+of+physical+medicine+and+rehabilitation&rft.issn=00039993&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 2002-08-02 N1 - Date created - 2002-07-04 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Prevalence of and Risk Factors for Methamphetamine Use in Northern Thai Youth: Results of an Audio-Computer-Assisted Self-Interviewing Survey with Urine Testing AN - 61534054; 200301852 AB - Estimates the prevalence of methamphetamine use & identifies possible risk factors, drawing on data from a cross-sectional survey using anonymous audio-computer-assisted self-interview & urine specimen analysis. Participants were students (N = 1,725), aged 15-21, (893 male & 832 female) attending one of three vocational schools in Chiang Rai Province, Thailand. Three hundred & fifty male & 150 female students reported a history of having ever used methamphetamines. In addition, 128 male & 49 female students had positive urine test results, indicating recent methamphetamine use; 27 of these students denied having ever used methamphetamines. According to history, urine test, or both, 41.3% of male students & 19.0% of female students used methamphetamine. In multivariate analysis, methamphetamine use was highly correlated with the use of other substances, sexual activity, peer pressure, positive attitudes toward methamphetamine, & absence of a family confidant. Methamphetamine use is common among adolescent students in northern Thailand. Demographic, behavioral, & psychosocial correlates of methamphetamine use identified in this study may be helpful for the design & implementation of preventive interventions. 4 Tables, 19 References. Adapted from the source document. JF - Addiction AU - Sattah, Martin V AU - Supawitkul, Somsak AU - Dondero, Timothy J AU - Kilmarx, Peter H AU - Young, Nancy L AU - Mastro, Timothy D AU - Chaikummao, Supaporn AU - Manopaiboon, Chomnad AU - van Griensven, Frits AD - c/o van Griensven -- Thailand MOPH-US CDC Collaboration, Ministry Public Health, Nonthaburi Y1 - 2002/07// PY - 2002 DA - July 2002 SP - 801 EP - 808 VL - 97 IS - 7 SN - 0965-2140, 0965-2140 KW - methamphetamines KW - Thailand KW - Risk Factors KW - Young Adults KW - Students KW - Adolescents KW - Drug Abuse KW - article KW - 6129: addiction UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/61534054?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Asocialservices&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Addiction&rft.atitle=Prevalence+of+and+Risk+Factors+for+Methamphetamine+Use+in+Northern+Thai+Youth%3A+Results+of+an+Audio-Computer-Assisted+Self-Interviewing+Survey+with+Urine+Testing&rft.au=Sattah%2C+Martin+V%3BSupawitkul%2C+Somsak%3BDondero%2C+Timothy+J%3BKilmarx%2C+Peter+H%3BYoung%2C+Nancy+L%3BMastro%2C+Timothy+D%3BChaikummao%2C+Supaporn%3BManopaiboon%2C+Chomnad%3Bvan+Griensven%2C+Frits&rft.aulast=Sattah&rft.aufirst=Martin&rft.date=2002-07-01&rft.volume=97&rft.issue=7&rft.spage=801&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Addiction&rft.issn=09652140&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - Social Services Abstracts N1 - Date revised - 2007-05-01 N1 - Last updated - 2016-09-28 N1 - CODEN - ADICE5 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Risk Factors; Drug Abuse; Thailand; Adolescents; Young Adults; Students ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Recommendations on selected interventions to prevent dental caries, oral and pharyngeal cancers, and sports-related craniofacial injuries AN - 18691685; 5580697 JF - American Journal of Preventive Medicine AU - Truman, B I AD - Office of the Director, MS D39, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, 1600 Clifton Road, N.E., Atlanta, GA 30333, USA, Btruman@cdc.gov Y1 - 2002/07// PY - 2002 DA - Jul 2002 SP - 16 EP - 20 VL - 23 IS - 1 SN - 0749-3797, 0749-3797 KW - Dental health KW - Intervention KW - Preventive health KW - Physical Education Index; Health & Safety Science Abstracts KW - H 11000:Diseases/Injuries/Trauma KW - PE 090:Sports Medicine & Exercise Sport Science UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/18691685?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aphysicaleducation&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=American+Journal+of+Preventive+Medicine&rft.atitle=Recommendations+on+selected+interventions+to+prevent+dental+caries%2C+oral+and+pharyngeal+cancers%2C+and+sports-related+craniofacial+injuries&rft.au=Truman%2C+B+I&rft.aulast=Truman&rft.aufirst=B&rft.date=2002-07-01&rft.volume=23&rft.issue=1&rft.spage=16&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=American+Journal+of+Preventive+Medicine&rft.issn=07493797&rft_id=info:doi/10.1016%2FS0749-3797%2802%2900451-8 LA - English DB - Physical Education Index; ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0749-3797(02)00451-8 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Economic burden of cardiovascular disease associated with excess body weight in U.S. adults AN - 18689351; 5580701 AB - Background: Excess body weight (EBW), which continues to become more prevalent, is a clear contributor to cardiovascular disease (CVD), the leading cause of death and disability among U.S. adults. Information on the economic impact of CVD associated with EBW is lacking, however. Objective: To estimate the direct medical costs of CVD associated with EBW. Methods: We conducted a population-based analysis of direct medical costs by linking the 1995 National Health Interview Survey and the 1996 Medical Expenditure Panel Survey. The study subjects are adults (aged greater than or equal to 25 years, excluding pregnant women) in the non-institutionalized, civilian population in 1996. Results: The prevalence of CVD among people in the normal weight (body mass index [BMI] greater than or equal to 18.5 to <25), overweight (BMI greater than or equal to 25 to <30), and obese (BMI greater than or equal to 30) groups was 20%, 28%, and 39%, respectively. There were 12.95 million CVD cases among overweight people, more than 25% of which was associated with overweight. There were 9.3 million CVD cases among obese people, of which more than 45% was associated with obesity. This extra disease burden led to $22.17 billion in direct medical costs in 1996 ($31 billion in 2001 dollars, 17% of the total direct medical cost of treating CVD). Conclusions: The strong positive association between EBW and CVD, and the significant economic impact of EBW-associated CVD demonstrate the need to prevent EBW among U.S. adults. JF - American Journal of Preventive Medicine AU - Wang, G AU - Zheng, Z-J AU - Heath, G AU - Macera, C AU - Pratt, M AU - Buchner, D AD - 4770 Buford Hwy, MS K-46, Atlanta, GA, USA 30341, gbw9@cdc.gov Y1 - 2002/07// PY - 2002 DA - Jul 2002 SP - 1 EP - 6 VL - 23 IS - 1 SN - 0749-3797, 0749-3797 KW - Physical Education Index KW - PE 090:Sports Medicine & Exercise Sport Science UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/18689351?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aphysicaleducation&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=American+Journal+of+Preventive+Medicine&rft.atitle=Economic+burden+of+cardiovascular+disease+associated+with+excess+body+weight+in+U.S.+adults&rft.au=Wang%2C+G%3BZheng%2C+Z-J%3BHeath%2C+G%3BMacera%2C+C%3BPratt%2C+M%3BBuchner%2C+D&rft.aulast=Wang&rft.aufirst=G&rft.date=2002-07-01&rft.volume=23&rft.issue=1&rft.spage=1&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=American+Journal+of+Preventive+Medicine&rft.issn=07493797&rft_id=info:doi/10.1016%2FS0749-3797%2802%2900448-8 LA - English DB - Physical Education Index N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0749-3797(02)00448-8 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - A comparison of selected evidence reviews and recommendations on interventions to prevent dental caries, oral and pharyngeal cancers, and sports-related craniofacial injuries AN - 18685393; 5580699 JF - American Journal of Preventive Medicine AU - Gooch, B F AU - Truman, B I AU - Griffin, SO AU - Kohn, W G AU - Sulemana, I AU - Gift, H C AU - Horowitz, A M AU - Evans, CA Jr AD - Division of Oral Health, MS F-10, National Center for Chronic Disease Prevention and Health Promotion, Atlanta, GA, 30341, USA, Bgooch@cdc.gov Y1 - 2002/07// PY - 2002 DA - Jul 2002 SP - 55 EP - 80 VL - 23 IS - 1 SN - 0749-3797, 0749-3797 KW - Dental health KW - Intervention KW - Preventive health KW - Physical Education Index; Health & Safety Science Abstracts KW - H 11000:Diseases/Injuries/Trauma KW - PE 090:Sports Medicine & Exercise Sport Science UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/18685393?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aphysicaleducation&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=American+Journal+of+Preventive+Medicine&rft.atitle=A+comparison+of+selected+evidence+reviews+and+recommendations+on+interventions+to+prevent+dental+caries%2C+oral+and+pharyngeal+cancers%2C+and+sports-related+craniofacial+injuries&rft.au=Gooch%2C+B+F%3BTruman%2C+B+I%3BGriffin%2C+SO%3BKohn%2C+W+G%3BSulemana%2C+I%3BGift%2C+H+C%3BHorowitz%2C+A+M%3BEvans%2C+CA+Jr&rft.aulast=Gooch&rft.aufirst=B&rft.date=2002-07-01&rft.volume=23&rft.issue=1&rft.spage=55&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=American+Journal+of+Preventive+Medicine&rft.issn=07493797&rft_id=info:doi/10.1016%2FS0749-3797%2802%2900450-6 LA - English DB - Physical Education Index; ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0749-3797(02)00450-6 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Reviews of evidence on interventions to prevent dental caries, oral and pharyngeal cancers, and sports-related craniofacial injuries AN - 18682193; 5580698 AB - Overview: This report presents the results of systematic reviews of effectiveness, applicability, other positive and negative effects, economic evaluations, and barriers to use of selected population-based interventions intended to prevent or control dental caries, oral and pharyngeal cancers, and sports-related craniofacial injuries. The related systematic reviews are linked by a common conceptual approach. These reviews form the basis of recommendations by the Task Force on Community Preventive Services (the Task Force) about the use of these selected interventions. The Task Force recommendations are presented in this supplement. JF - American Journal of Preventive Medicine AU - Truman, B I AU - Gooch, B F AU - Sulemana, I AU - Gift, H C AU - Horowitz, A M AU - Evans, CA Jr AU - Griffin, SO AU - Carande-Kulis, V G AD - Office of the Director, MS D39, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, 1600 Clifton Road, NE,, Atlanta, GA 30333,, USA, Btruman@cdc.gov Y1 - 2002/07// PY - 2002 DA - Jul 2002 SP - 21 EP - 54 VL - 23 IS - 1 SN - 0749-3797, 0749-3797 KW - Dental health KW - Intervention KW - Preventive health KW - Physical Education Index; Health & Safety Science Abstracts KW - H 11000:Diseases/Injuries/Trauma KW - PE 090:Sports Medicine & Exercise Sport Science UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/18682193?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aphysicaleducation&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=American+Journal+of+Preventive+Medicine&rft.atitle=Reviews+of+evidence+on+interventions+to+prevent+dental+caries%2C+oral+and+pharyngeal+cancers%2C+and+sports-related+craniofacial+injuries&rft.au=Truman%2C+B+I%3BGooch%2C+B+F%3BSulemana%2C+I%3BGift%2C+H+C%3BHorowitz%2C+A+M%3BEvans%2C+CA+Jr%3BGriffin%2C+SO%3BCarande-Kulis%2C+V+G&rft.aulast=Truman&rft.aufirst=B&rft.date=2002-07-01&rft.volume=23&rft.issue=1&rft.spage=21&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=American+Journal+of+Preventive+Medicine&rft.issn=07493797&rft_id=info:doi/10.1016%2FS0749-3797%2802%2900449-X LA - English DB - Physical Education Index; ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0749-3797(02)00449-X ER - TY - JOUR T1 - An alternate characterization of hazard in occupational epidemiology: Years of life lost per years worked AN - 18602773; 5472541 AB - Standardized mortality ratios (SMRs) and other measures of relative risk by themselves may not suffice as descriptors of occupational hazards for many audiences including decision-makers and those at direct risk from hazardous work. To explore other approaches, we calculated excess years of potential life lost and excess lifetime risk for both lung diseases and fatal injuries in a cohort of uranium miners with historical records of exposure to radon gas. We used relatively simple life table (SMR) methods and also analyzed lung cancer mortality with Poisson regression methods permitting control for smoking. Among uranium miners hired after 1950, whose all-cause SMR was 1.5, 28 percent would experience premature death from lung diseases or injury in a lifetime of uranium mining. On average, each miner lost 1.5 yr of potential life due to mining-related lung cancer, or almost 3 months of life for each year employed in uranium mining. As a consequence of all excess lung disease and injury risks combined, a year of mining was associated with 5.9 months loss of potential life. For each year actually working underground, miners lost more than 8 months of potential life. When controlled for smoking (and healthy worker effect) with Poisson regression, the estimates for radon-related lung cancer effects were slightly larger. Although chronic disease deaths dominated in excess years of life lost (due to radon, silica and possibly other exposures), more years were lost on average per individual injury death (38 yr), than per excess lung cancer (20 yr) or other lung disease death (18 yr). Fatal-injury dominated the potential years of life lost up to about age 40. Years of life lost per years employed provides another, more intuitive summary of occupational mortality risk. JF - American Journal of Industrial Medicine AU - Park, R M AU - Bailer, A J AU - Stayner, L T AU - Halperin, W AU - Gilbert, S J AD - Risk Evaluation Branch/EID, NIOSH, 4676 Columbia Parkway, MS C-15, Cincinnati, OH 45226, USA, rhp9@cdc.gov Y1 - 2002/07// PY - 2002 DA - Jul 2002 SP - 1 EP - 10 VL - 42 IS - 1 SN - 0271-3586, 0271-3586 KW - Health & Safety Science Abstracts; Risk Abstracts KW - R2 23080:Industrial and labor KW - H 1000:Occupational Safety and Health UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/18602773?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Ariskabstracts&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=American+Journal+of+Industrial+Medicine&rft.atitle=An+alternate+characterization+of+hazard+in+occupational+epidemiology%3A+Years+of+life+lost+per+years+worked&rft.au=Park%2C+R+M%3BBailer%2C+A+J%3BStayner%2C+L+T%3BHalperin%2C+W%3BGilbert%2C+S+J&rft.aulast=Park&rft.aufirst=R&rft.date=2002-07-01&rft.volume=42&rft.issue=1&rft.spage=1&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=American+Journal+of+Industrial+Medicine&rft.issn=02713586&rft_id=info:doi/10.1002%2Fajim.10082 LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ajim.10082 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Compensation for What? An Analysis of Insurance Strategies for Repairable Assets AN - 18598371; 5423072 AB - We define a repairable asset as an irreplaceable commodity whose quality is at risk, but can be partly restored at a cost. Examples are houses, automobiles and, especially, health, for which standard monetary approaches are oversimplified. To optimize the value of insurance, the insurer and the insured have to agree upon repair strategies (when to fix the asset and how much) and compensation rules (how much money to receive for other goods). We clarify the role of the consumer's preferences in the properties of the contract, and we highlight the relationship between repair strategies and the super- or submodular structure of the repair technology. JF - Journal of Risk and Uncertainty AU - Koehl, P AU - Villeneuve, B AD - CDC IXIS, 26-28 rue Neuve Tolbiac, 75658 Paris Cedex 13, France., pf.koehl@cdcixis.com Y1 - 2002/07// PY - 2002 DA - Jul 2002 SP - 47 EP - 64 PB - Kluwer Academic Publishers VL - 25 IS - 1 SN - 0895-5646, 0895-5646 KW - asset pricing KW - repairable assets KW - Risk Abstracts KW - R2 23070:Economics, organization UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/18598371?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Ariskabstracts&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Risk+and+Uncertainty&rft.atitle=Compensation+for+What%3F+An+Analysis+of+Insurance+Strategies+for+Repairable+Assets&rft.au=Koehl%2C+P%3BVilleneuve%2C+B&rft.aulast=Koehl&rft.aufirst=P&rft.date=2002-07-01&rft.volume=25&rft.issue=1&rft.spage=47&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+Risk+and+Uncertainty&rft.issn=08955646&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Young adults on the Internet: risk behaviors for sexually transmitted diseases and HIV AN - 18560091; 5523239 AB - To examine the sexual behaviors and related risk factors for sexually transmitted diseases and HIV among young adults who seek sex partners on the Internet. Study staff recruited participants in online chat rooms, bulletin boards, and other online venues. A total of 4507 participants responded to a 68-item, self-administered, online survey of Internet sex-seeking practices. The survey solicited information on sexual behavior with partners found on the Internet; in addition, a parallel set of questions addressed sexual behaviors with partners found off the Internet. Of the respondents, 1234 (27.4%) were 18-24 years old. Of the young adults, 61% were male and 75% were white. Responses from young adults were compared to those received from older adults. In addition, responses from young adults who seek sex partners online were compared to responses from young adults who do not seek sex partners online. Analyses, including logistic regression, Chi-square tests, Student's t-tests, and analyses of variance, focused on the difference between young and older adults, as well as the differences in sexual behavior with partners located online and offline. Young adults who seek sex on the Internet report substantially different sexual behavior patterns than young adults who do not seek sex on the Internet. Young adults with online partners reported sexual behaviors similar to older respondents who used the Internet to find sex partners; however, older respondents were more likely than young adults to have been tested for sexually transmitted diseases and HIV. Young adults who seek sex partners online may be at significantly greater risk for sexually transmitted diseases than their peers who do not seek sex partners online. These data point to an urgent need for online sexual health promotion. JF - Journal of Adolescent Health AU - McFarlane, M AU - Bull, S S AU - Rietmeijer, CA AD - 1600 Clifton Road NE, Mail stop E44, Atlanta, GA 30333, USA, xzm3@cdc.gov Y1 - 2002/07// PY - 2002 DA - Jul 2002 SP - 11 EP - 16 VL - 31 IS - 1 SN - 1054-139X, 1054-139X KW - HIV KW - sexual behavior KW - sexually transmitted diseases KW - Risk Abstracts; Health & Safety Science Abstracts; Physical Education Index; Virology & AIDS Abstracts KW - H 11000:Diseases/Injuries/Trauma KW - V 22006:AIDS: Other aspects KW - R2 23060:Medical and environmental health KW - PE 030:Exercise, Health & Physical Fitness UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/18560091?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Ariskabstracts&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Adolescent+Health&rft.atitle=Young+adults+on+the+Internet%3A+risk+behaviors+for+sexually+transmitted+diseases+and+HIV&rft.au=McFarlane%2C+M%3BBull%2C+S+S%3BRietmeijer%2C+CA&rft.aulast=McFarlane&rft.aufirst=M&rft.date=2002-07-01&rft.volume=31&rft.issue=1&rft.spage=11&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+Adolescent+Health&rft.issn=1054139X&rft_id=info:doi/10.1016%2FS1054-139X%2802%2900373-7 LA - English DB - Physical Education Index; ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S1054-139X(02)00373-7 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Respiratory protection: Associated factors and effectiveness of respirator use among underground coal miners AN - 18509439; 5472547 AB - We investigated factors associated with the use of respiratory protection and explored the effectiveness of respirators among coal miners. Between 1987 and 1992, respiratory symptoms, smoking, lung function, and dust exposures were assessed longitudinally among 185 underground bituminous coal miners. Self-reported use of respiratory protection was expressed as mean percent time wearing a respirator. Miners' respirator use increased with mean dust concentration, but decreased with tobacco consumption. Increasing age was associated with greater respirator use. Miners who had respiratory symptoms at the initial survey subsequently reported greater use of respirators. A significant protective association was found between the miners' respirator use and FEV sub(1) levels at both the initial and follow-up surveys. These results provide additional evidence that respirator use is protective of lung health. When respiratory protection programs are developed, factors that may affect respirator use behavior, such as age, smoking, and respiratory symptoms, should be considered. Future studies of respiratory health will need to consider workers' use of respiratory protection. JF - American Journal of Industrial Medicine AU - Li, Hongfei AU - Wang, Mei-Lin AU - Seixas, N AU - Ducatman, A AU - Lee Petsonk, E AD - Surveillence Branch, Division of Respiratory Diseases, NIOSH, 1095 Willowdale Road, Morgantown, WV 26505, USA, ELP2@cdc.qov Y1 - 2002/07// PY - 2002 DA - Jul 2002 SP - 55 EP - 62 VL - 42 IS - 1 SN - 0271-3586, 0271-3586 KW - Pollution Abstracts; Health & Safety Science Abstracts KW - H 1000:Occupational Safety and Health KW - P 6000:TOXICOLOGY AND HEALTH UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/18509439?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Apollution&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=American+Journal+of+Industrial+Medicine&rft.atitle=Respiratory+protection%3A+Associated+factors+and+effectiveness+of+respirator+use+among+underground+coal+miners&rft.au=Li%2C+Hongfei%3BWang%2C+Mei-Lin%3BSeixas%2C+N%3BDucatman%2C+A%3BLee+Petsonk%2C+E&rft.aulast=Li&rft.aufirst=Hongfei&rft.date=2002-07-01&rft.volume=42&rft.issue=1&rft.spage=55&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=American+Journal+of+Industrial+Medicine&rft.issn=02713586&rft_id=info:doi/10.1002%2Fajim.10079 LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ajim.10079 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Fatal asthma from powdering shark cartilage and review of fatal occupational asthma literature AN - 18509395; 5472546 AB - Work-related asthma (WRA) is the most common work-associated respiratory disease in developed countries. We report shark cartilage dust as a new potential cause of occupational asthma (OA) in the context of other fatal OA case reports. A 38-year-old white male worked for 8 years in a facility which primarily granulated and powdered various plastics. Sixteen months prior to his death, the plant began grinding shark cartilage. After 10 months of exposure, he reported chest symptoms at work in association with exposure to shark cartilage dust and a physician diagnosed asthma. Six months later, he complained of shortness of breath at work and died from autopsy-confirmed asthma. The latency from onset of exposure to symptoms and from symptom onset to death was shorter than 10 previously reported OA fatalities. Recognition of occupational causes and triggers of asthma and removal of affected individuals from these exposures is critical and can prevent progression to irreversible or even fatal asthma. JF - American Journal of Industrial Medicine AU - Ortega, H G AU - Kreiss, K AU - Schill, D P AU - Weissman, D N AD - National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, HELD/ASB/Mailstop L-4218, 1095 Willowdale Rd., Morgantown, WV 26505, USA, DWeissman@cdc.gov Y1 - 2002/07// PY - 2002 DA - Jul 2002 SP - 50 EP - 54 VL - 42 IS - 1 SN - 0271-3586, 0271-3586 KW - case reports KW - man KW - shark cartilage KW - Toxicology Abstracts; Risk Abstracts; Health & Safety Science Abstracts KW - R2 23080:Industrial and labor KW - H 1000:Occupational Safety and Health KW - X 24152:Chronic exposure UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/18509395?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Ariskabstracts&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=American+Journal+of+Industrial+Medicine&rft.atitle=Fatal+asthma+from+powdering+shark+cartilage+and+review+of+fatal+occupational+asthma+literature&rft.au=Ortega%2C+H+G%3BKreiss%2C+K%3BSchill%2C+D+P%3BWeissman%2C+D+N&rft.aulast=Ortega&rft.aufirst=H&rft.date=2002-07-01&rft.volume=42&rft.issue=1&rft.spage=50&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=American+Journal+of+Industrial+Medicine&rft.issn=02713586&rft_id=info:doi/10.1002%2Fajim.10088 LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ajim.10088 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Optimal hand locations for safe scaffold-end-frame disassembly AN - 18507543; 5475642 AB - Overexertion and fall injuries comprise the largest category of injuries among scaffold workers. A significant portion of these injuries is associated with scaffold-end-frame dismantling tasks, which require both muscle strength and postural balance skills. The commonly used tubular scaffold end frame is 1.52-m wide x 2-m high and weighs 23 kg. Previous studies have indicated that a great muscle strength can be generated when scaffold workers placed their hands symmetrically at knuckle height. However, adequate postural stability can only be reached when the workers placed their hands at the chest or shoulder height, which is near to the height of scaffold-end-frame center-of-mass. A reasonable approach to solve this dilemma is to develop an assistive lifting device, such as a light-weight clip-and-lift bar, that allows workers to place their hands at the height of the center-of-mass of end frames and concurrently allows an optimal hand separation for them to generate an adequate maximum isometric muscle force to safely accomplish the task. This study was conducted to determine the optimal hand location for a conceptual assistive lifting device to mitigate potential postural imbalance while reducing overexertion hazards during scaffold disassembly. This location would be within a window defined by a vertical hand placement between shoulder height and knuckle height and by a horizontal hand separation distance of shoulder width to end-frame width. The whole-body maximum isometric strength of 54 construction workers was measured in nine symmetric scaffold-end-frame disassembly postures, defined by a combination of three vertical hand placements by three horizontal hand separation distances within the aforementioned window. The study apparatus include a computer-controlled data-acquisition system, a custom-fabricated scaffold fixture, and two Bertec force platforms. An analysis of variance showed that the interaction effect of vertical hand placement and hand separation on workers' maximum isometric strength was significant (p<0.004). A hand location between elbow height and chest height with a hand separation distance of 46 cm (a conceptual, light-weight assistive bar) would allow workers to generate sufficient isometric strength (about twice that of the scaffold weight) to disassemble the typical 23 kg scaffolds while concurrently allowing them to mitigate the likelihood of postural imbalance. JF - Applied Ergonomics AU - Cutlip, R AU - Hsiao, H AU - Garcia, R AU - Becker, E AU - Mayeux, B AD - Division of Safety Research, National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, 1095 Willowdale Road, Mail Stop G-800, Morgantown, WV 26505, USA, hhsiao@cdc.gov Y1 - 2002/07// PY - 2002 DA - Jul 2002 SP - 349 EP - 355 VL - 33 IS - 4 SN - 0003-6870, 0003-6870 KW - falls KW - musculoskeletal system KW - posture KW - scaffolds KW - Health & Safety Science Abstracts KW - H 10000:Ergonomics/Human Factors UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/18507543?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Ahealthsafetyabstracts&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Applied+Ergonomics&rft.atitle=Optimal+hand+locations+for+safe+scaffold-end-frame+disassembly&rft.au=Cutlip%2C+R%3BHsiao%2C+H%3BGarcia%2C+R%3BBecker%2C+E%3BMayeux%2C+B&rft.aulast=Cutlip&rft.aufirst=R&rft.date=2002-07-01&rft.volume=33&rft.issue=4&rft.spage=349&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Applied+Ergonomics&rft.issn=00036870&rft_id=info:doi/10.1016%2FS0003-6870%2802%2900005-4 LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0003-6870(02)00005-4 ER - TY - CONF T1 - Gene modulation in total brain induced by exposure to the bicyclic phosphorus ester trimethylolpropane phosphate (TMPP) AN - 18499258; 5462577 AB - The effect of a single subconvulsive dose of the GABAergic convulsant trimethylolpropane phosphate (TMPP) on gene expression in total rat brain was examined using cDNA array analysis. Using threshold criteria that reduce the number of false positives to <1 gene per 3551 actively transcribed genes on the cDNA array, 41 genes/EST sequences were reproducibly modulated in response to 0.25 mg/kg TMPP. Several genes that were consistent with epileptogenesis and/or neuronal damage and repair mechanisms, such as trkB, alphaB-crystallin, and decorin, were modulated by TMPP exposure in the absence of clinical convulsions. Previous research indicates that rats exposed to subconvulsive doses of TMPP exhibit both "absence-like" EEG paroxysms and persisting central nervous system (CNS) sensitization, as evidenced by increased susceptibility to audiogenic seizures (AGS). Results of this study suggest that cDNA arrays can be used to identify gene modulation events induced by low-level exposure to a chemical convulsant in a reproducible manner. JF - Neurotoxicology AU - Russell, A C AU - Bekkedal, MY-V AU - Mann, T T AU - Ritchie, G D AU - Rossi, J III AU - Stenger, DA AU - Pancrazio, J J AU - Andreadis, J D Y1 - 2002/07// PY - 2002 DA - Jul 2002 SP - 215 EP - 221 PB - Intox Press VL - 23 IS - 2 KW - gene modulation KW - trimethylolpropane phosphate KW - Toxicology Abstracts KW - X 24155:Biochemistry UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/18499258?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxicologyabstracts&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Neurotoxicology&rft.atitle=Gene+modulation+in+total+brain+induced+by+exposure+to+the+bicyclic+phosphorus+ester+trimethylolpropane+phosphate+%28TMPP%29&rft.au=Russell%2C+A+C%3BBekkedal%2C+MY-V%3BMann%2C+T+T%3BRitchie%2C+G+D%3BRossi%2C+J+III%3BStenger%2C+DA%3BPancrazio%2C+J+J%3BAndreadis%2C+J+D&rft.aulast=Russell&rft.aufirst=A&rft.date=2002-07-01&rft.volume=23&rft.issue=2&rft.spage=215&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Neurotoxicology&rft.issn=0161813X&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Physical activity, sports participation, and suicidal behavior among college students AN - 18468210; 5427750 AB - Purpose: To evaluate the relationship between physical activity, sports participation, and suicidal behavior among college students (N = 4,728). Methods: Data from the 1995 National College Health Risk Behavior Survey were analyzed. Students were classified as engaging in frequent vigorous activity 6-7 d super(.) wk super(-1), vigorous activity 3-5 d super(.) wk super(-1), moderate activity, low activity, or no activity. Sports participation was dichotomized into "yes" or "no" participation. Suicidal behavior was defined as thoughts about, plans for, or attempts at suicide during the 12 months before completing the survey. Data were stratified by sex and multivariable logistic regression modeling, calculated odds ratios (ORs) (adjusted for age, race/ethnicity, Body Mass Index/weight perception, cigarette smoking, episodic heavy alcohol use, drug use, and either activity level or sport participation) for suicidal behavior as associated with physical activity and sports participation. Results: Adjusted ORs show that men in the "low activity" group were at almost half the odds (adjusted OR = 0.54; P < 0.015) of reporting suicidal behavior than men in the "not active" group. Women who engaged in moderate or frequent vigorous activity were at greater odds of reporting suicidal behavior compared with inactive women; OR = 1.76 (P < 0.035) and 1.99 (P < 0.034) respectively. Sports participation was protective against suicidal behavior. Adjusted ORs show that men who did not participate in sports were 2.5 times (P < 0.0003) more likely to report suicidal behavior than men who were sports participants. Women not participating in sports had 1.67 times the odds of reporting suicidal behavior than women sports participants (P < 0.05). Conclusions: Associations were found between sports participation/selected patterns of physical activity and suicidal behavior. Causal factors mediating the relationships need to be identified. JF - Medicine & Science in Sports & Exercise AU - Brown AU - Blanton, C J AD - Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, National Center for Chronic Disease Prevention and Health Promotion, Division of Nutrition and Physical Activity, Office on Smoking and Health, Atlanta, GA, USA Y1 - 2002/07// PY - 2002 DA - Jul 2002 SP - 1087 EP - 1096 VL - 34 IS - 7 SN - 0195-9131, 0195-9131 KW - Physical Education Index KW - PE 090:Sports Medicine & Exercise Sport Science UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/18468210?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aphysicaleducation&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Medicine+%26+Science+in+Sports+%26+Exercise&rft.atitle=Physical+activity%2C+sports+participation%2C+and+suicidal+behavior+among+college+students&rft.au=Brown%3BBlanton%2C+C+J&rft.aulast=Brown&rft.aufirst=&rft.date=2002-07-01&rft.volume=34&rft.issue=7&rft.spage=1087&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Medicine+%26+Science+in+Sports+%26+Exercise&rft.issn=01959131&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - Physical Education Index N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Health effects and occupational exposures among office workers near the World Trade Center disaster site AN - 18463757; 5437142 AB - The extent of health effects and exposure to environmental contaminants among workers and residents indirectly affected by the September 11, 2001, attack on the World Trade Center (WTC) is unknown. The objective of this study was to evaluate concerns related to health effects and occupational exposures three months after the WTC disaster among a population of employees working in a building close to the disaster site. A cross-sectional questionnaire survey was performed of Federal employees working near the WTC site in New York City (NYC) and a comparison group of Federal employees in Dallas, Texas. An industrial hygiene evaluation of the NYC workplace was conducted. Constitutional and mental health symptoms were reported more frequently among workers in NYC compared to those in Dallas; level of social support was inversely related to prevalence of mental health symptoms. Post-September 11 super(th) counseling services were utilized to a greater degree among workers in NYC, while utilization of other types of medical services did not differ significantly between the groups. No occupational exposures to substances at concentrations that would explain the reported constitutional symptoms were found; however, we were unable to assess potential occupational exposures in the time immediately after the WTC disaster. There is no evidence of ongoing hazardous exposure to airborne contaminants among the workers surveyed. Specific causes of reported constitutional health symptoms have not been determined. Health care providers and management and employee groups should be aware of the need to address mental health issues as well as constitutional symptoms among the large number of workers in the NYC area who have been indirectly affected by the WTC disaster. JF - Journal of Occupational and Environmental Medicine AU - Trout, D AU - Nimgade, A AU - Mueller, C AU - Hall, R AU - Earnest, G S AD - NIOSH, R-10, 4676 Columbia Parkway, Cincinnati, OH 45226, USA, dtrout@cdc.gov Y1 - 2002/07// PY - 2002 DA - Jul 2002 SP - 601 EP - 605 VL - 44 IS - 7 SN - 1076-2752, 1076-2752 KW - September 11th KW - industrial hygiene KW - man KW - questionnaires KW - terrorism KW - Toxicology Abstracts; Health & Safety Science Abstracts; Pollution Abstracts KW - X 24240:Miscellaneous KW - H 1000:Occupational Safety and Health KW - P 6000:TOXICOLOGY AND HEALTH UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/18463757?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxicologyabstracts&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Occupational+and+Environmental+Medicine&rft.atitle=Health+effects+and+occupational+exposures+among+office+workers+near+the+World+Trade+Center+disaster+site&rft.au=Trout%2C+D%3BNimgade%2C+A%3BMueller%2C+C%3BHall%2C+R%3BEarnest%2C+G+S&rft.aulast=Trout&rft.aufirst=D&rft.date=2002-07-01&rft.volume=44&rft.issue=7&rft.spage=601&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+Occupational+and+Environmental+Medicine&rft.issn=10762752&rft_id=info:doi/10.1097%2F01.jom.0000023384.41727.fc LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/01.jom.0000023384.41727.fc ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Microarray Analysis of the Mycobacterium tuberculosis Transcriptional Response to the Acidic Conditions Found in Phagosomes AN - 18458255; 5434917 AB - We used microarrays and real-time reverse transcription-PCR to analyze the global transcriptional response of Mycobacterium tuberculosis to low pH in vitro, which may mimic an environmental signal encountered by phagocytosed mycobacteria. Eighty-one genes were differentially expressed >1.5-fold, including many involved in fatty acid metabolism. The most highly induced genes showed homology with nonribosomal peptide synthetases/polyketide synthases. JF - Journal of Bacteriology AU - Fisher, MA AU - Plikaytis, B B AU - Shinnick, T M AD - Mailstop G35, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, 1600 Clifton Rd., N.E., Atlanta, GA 30333., tms1@cdc.gov Y1 - 2002/07// PY - 2002 DA - Jul 2002 SP - 4025 EP - 4032 VL - 184 IS - 14 SN - 0021-9193, 0021-9193 KW - Microbiology Abstracts B: Bacteriology KW - J 02721:Cell cycle, morphology and motility UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/18458255?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologyb&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Bacteriology&rft.atitle=Microarray+Analysis+of+the+Mycobacterium+tuberculosis+Transcriptional+Response+to+the+Acidic+Conditions+Found+in+Phagosomes&rft.au=Fisher%2C+MA%3BPlikaytis%2C+B+B%3BShinnick%2C+T+M&rft.aulast=Fisher&rft.aufirst=MA&rft.date=2002-07-01&rft.volume=184&rft.issue=14&rft.spage=4025&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+Bacteriology&rft.issn=00219193&rft_id=info:doi/10.1128%2FJB.184.14.4025-4032.2002 LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/JB.184.14.4025-4032.2002 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Legionella and Legionnaires' Disease: 25 Years of Investigation AN - 18453081; 5430731 AB - There is still a low level of clinical awareness regarding Legionnaires' disease 25 years after it was first detected. The causative agents, legionellae, are freshwater bacteria with a fascinating ecology. These bacteria are intracellular pathogens of freshwater protozoa and utilize a similar mechanism to infect human phagocytic cells. There have been major advances in delineating the pathogenesis of legionellae through the identification of genes which allow the organism to bypass the endocytic pathways of both protozoan and human cells. Other bacteria that may share this novel infectious process are Coxiella burnetti and Brucella spp. More than 40 species and numerous serogroups of legionellae have been identified. Most diagnostic tests are directed at the species that causes most of the reported human cases of legionellosis, L. pneumophila serogroup 1. For this reason, information on the incidence of human respiratory disease attributable to other species and serogroups of legionellae is lacking. Improvements in diagnostic tests such as the urine antigen assay have inadvertently caused a decrease in the use of culture to detect infection, resulting in incomplete surveillance for legionellosis. Large, focal outbreaks of Legionnaires' disease continue to occur worldwide, and there is a critical need for surveillance for travel-related legionellosis in the United States. There is optimism that newly developed guidelines and water treatment practices can greatly reduce the incidence of this preventable illness. JF - Clinical Microbiology Reviews AU - Fields, B S AU - Benson, R F AU - Besser, R E AD - CDC, Mailstop GO3, 1600 Clifton Road, Atlanta, GA 30333., bfields@cdc.gov Y1 - 2002/07// PY - 2002 DA - Jul 2002 SP - 506 EP - 526 VL - 15 IS - 3 SN - 0893-8512, 0893-8512 KW - man KW - Microbiology Abstracts B: Bacteriology KW - J 02845:Ear, nose and respiratory tract UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/18453081?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologyb&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Clinical+Microbiology+Reviews&rft.atitle=Legionella+and+Legionnaires%27+Disease%3A+25+Years+of+Investigation&rft.au=Fields%2C+B+S%3BBenson%2C+R+F%3BBesser%2C+R+E&rft.aulast=Fields&rft.aufirst=B&rft.date=2002-07-01&rft.volume=15&rft.issue=3&rft.spage=506&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Clinical+Microbiology+Reviews&rft.issn=08938512&rft_id=info:doi/10.1128%2FCMR.15.3.506-526.2002 LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/CMR.15.3.506-526.2002 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Effectiveness of a new method (TEAT) to assess vibration transmissibility of gloves AN - 18437800; 5417363 AB - A test method based upon total effective acceleration transmissibility (TEAT) is proposed to study the vibration isolation performance of anti-vibration gloves. The vibration transmission characteristics of three different gloves are investigated under predominantly axial vibration using the proposed method and the procedure outlined in ISO-10819 (Mechanical Vibration and Shock--Hand-Arm Vibration--Method for the Measurement and Evaluation of the Vibration Transmissibility of Gloves at the Palm of the Hand, International Standard Organization, Geneva, Switzerland, 1996). The measured data are systematically analyzed to illustrate the measurement and evaluation errors arising from misalignments of the response accelerometer within the palm-held adaptor, unintentional non-axial vibration caused by the vibration exciter and dynamics of the coupled hand-handle system. The degree of adaptor misalignment, estimated from the measured data, was observed to vary from 5.9 degree to 59.6 degree . Such variations could cause measurement errors in excess of 20%. The vibration transmission characteristics of selected gloves, evaluated using the proposed method, are compared with those derived from the standardized method to demonstrate the effectiveness of the TEAT approach. From the results, it is concluded that the TEAT method, based upon vector sums of both the source and response accelerations, can effectively account for the majority of the measurement errors, and yield more repeatable and reliable assessments of gloves. JF - International Journal of Industrial Ergonomics AU - Dong, R G AU - Rakheja, S AU - Smutz, W P AU - Schopper, A AU - Welcome, D AU - Wu, J Z AD - E&CTB/HELD/NIOSH/CDC, National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, 1095 Willowdale Road, MS 2201, Morgantown, WV 26505, USA, rkd6@cdc.gov Y1 - 2002/07// PY - 2002 DA - Jul 2002 SP - 33 EP - 48 VL - 30 IS - 1 SN - 0169-8141, 0169-8141 KW - gloves KW - Health & Safety Science Abstracts KW - H 10000:Ergonomics/Human Factors UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/18437800?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Ahealthsafetyabstracts&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=International+Journal+of+Industrial+Ergonomics&rft.atitle=Effectiveness+of+a+new+method+%28TEAT%29+to+assess+vibration+transmissibility+of+gloves&rft.au=Dong%2C+R+G%3BRakheja%2C+S%3BSmutz%2C+W+P%3BSchopper%2C+A%3BWelcome%2C+D%3BWu%2C+J+Z&rft.aulast=Dong&rft.aufirst=R&rft.date=2002-07-01&rft.volume=30&rft.issue=1&rft.spage=33&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=International+Journal+of+Industrial+Ergonomics&rft.issn=01698141&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Regulation of Proinflammatory Cytokines in Human Lung Epithelial Cells Infected with Mycoplasma pneumoniae AN - 18405556; 5393774 AB - Mycoplasma pneumoniae is a small bacterium without a cell wall that causes tracheobronchitis and atypical pneumonia in humans. It has also been associated with chronic conditions, such as arthritis, and extrapulmonary complications, such as encephalitis. Although the interaction of mycoplasmas with respiratory epithelial cells is a critical early phase of pathogenesis, little is known about the cascade of events initiated by infection of respiratory epithelial cells by mycoplasmas. Previous studies have shown that M. pneumoniae can induce proinflammatory cytokines in several different study systems including cultured murine and human monocytes. In this study, we demonstrate that M. pneumoniae infection also induces proinflammatory cytokine expression in A549 human lung carcinoma cells. Infection of A549 cells resulted in increased levels of interleukin-8 (IL-8) and tumor necrosis factor alpha mRNA, and both proteins were secreted into culture medium. IL-1 beta mRNA also increased after infection and IL-1 beta protein was synthesized, but it remained intracellular. In contrast, levels of IL-6 and gamma interferon mRNA and protein remained unchanged or undetectable. Using protease digestion and antibody blocking methods, we found that M. pneumoniae cytadherence is important for the induction of cytokines. On the other hand, while M. pneumoniae protein synthesis and DNA synthesis do not appear to be prerequisites for the induction of cytokine gene expression, A549 cellular de novo protein synthesis is responsible for the increased cytokine protein levels. These results suggest a novel role for lung epithelial cells in the pathogenesis of M. pneumoniae infection and provide a better understanding of M. pneumoniae pathology at the cellular level. JF - Infection and Immunity AU - Yang, J AU - Hooper, W C AU - Phillips, D J AU - Talkington, D F AD - Division of Bacterial and Mycotic Diseases, National Center for Infectious Diseases, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Mail Stop G03, 1600 Clifton Rd., N.E., Atlanta, GA 30333., jdy6@cdc.gov Y1 - 2002/07// PY - 2002 DA - Jul 2002 SP - 3649 EP - 3655 VL - 70 IS - 7 SN - 0019-9567, 0019-9567 KW - Interleukin 1 beta KW - man KW - regulation KW - Immunology Abstracts; Microbiology Abstracts B: Bacteriology KW - F 06801:Bacteria KW - J 02833:Immune response and immune mechanisms UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/18405556?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologyb&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Infection+and+Immunity&rft.atitle=Regulation+of+Proinflammatory+Cytokines+in+Human+Lung+Epithelial+Cells+Infected+with+Mycoplasma+pneumoniae&rft.au=Yang%2C+J%3BHooper%2C+W+C%3BPhillips%2C+D+J%3BTalkington%2C+D+F&rft.aulast=Yang&rft.aufirst=J&rft.date=2002-07-01&rft.volume=70&rft.issue=7&rft.spage=3649&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Infection+and+Immunity&rft.issn=00199567&rft_id=info:doi/10.1128%2FIAI.70.7.3649-3655.2002 LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/IAI.70.7.3649-3655.2002 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Outbreak of multidrug-resistant Salmonella newport--United States, January-April 2002. AN - 71904948; 12118534 AB - During January-April 2002, Salmonella serotype Newport was isolated from 47 persons in five states: New York (34 cases), Michigan (five), Pennsylvania (four), Ohio (two), and Connecticut (two). Antimicrobial-susceptibility testing of three isolates by CDC revealed resistance to amoxicillin/clavulanate, ampicillin, cefoxitin, ceftiofur, cephalothin, chloramphenicol, streptomycin, sulfamethoxazole, and tetracycline. In addition, two of three isolates were resistant to kanamycin; two had decreased susceptibility or resistance to ceftriaxone. To determine the cause of the outbreak, the New York State Department of Health (NYSDOH) and CDC conducted a case-control study. This report summarizes the results of this investigation, which implicated exposure to raw or undercooked ground beef as the vehicle of transmission. The findings also highlight the emergence of multidrug-resistant S. Newport in the United States. These strains exhibit decreased susceptibility or resistance to ceftriaxone, thereby complicating empiric therapy for serious Salmonella infections. Clinicians should be informed of the emergence of these S. Newport strains, and persons should refrain from eating undercooked ground beef and wash their hands after handling raw ground beef. JF - MMWR. Morbidity and mortality weekly report AU - Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) AD - Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) Y1 - 2002/06/28/ PY - 2002 DA - 2002 Jun 28 SP - 545 EP - 548 VL - 51 IS - 25 SN - 0149-2195, 0149-2195 KW - Index Medicus KW - Animals KW - Humans KW - Aged KW - Child KW - Disease Outbreaks KW - Child, Preschool KW - Cattle KW - Aged, 80 and over KW - Adult KW - Middle Aged KW - Meat -- microbiology KW - Adolescent KW - United States -- epidemiology KW - Female KW - Male KW - Salmonella -- drug effects KW - Salmonella Food Poisoning -- epidemiology KW - Salmonella -- isolation & purification KW - Salmonella Food Poisoning -- microbiology KW - Drug Resistance, Multiple, Bacterial UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/71904948?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=MMWR.+Morbidity+and+mortality+weekly+report&rft.atitle=Outbreak+of+multidrug-resistant+Salmonella+newport--United+States%2C+January-April+2002.&rft.au=Centers+for+Disease+Control+and+Prevention+%28CDC%29&rft.aulast=Centers+for+Disease+Control+and+Prevention+%28CDC%29&rft.aufirst=&rft.date=2002-06-28&rft.volume=51&rft.issue=25&rft.spage=545&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=MMWR.+Morbidity+and+mortality+weekly+report&rft.issn=01492195&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 2002-07-23 N1 - Date created - 2002-07-16 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Outbreak of Campylobacter jejuni infections associated with drinking unpasteurized milk procured through a cow-leasing program--Wisconsin, 2001. AN - 71904569; 12118535 AB - On December 7, 2001, the Sawyer County Department of Health and Human Services in northwestern Wisconsin notified the Wisconsin Division of Public Health about five cases of Campylobacter jejuni enteritis. All of the ill persons drank unpasteurized milk obtained at a local dairy farm. This report summarizes the investigation of these and other cases and of a cow-leasing program used to circumvent regulations prohibiting the sale of unpasteurized milk in Wisconsin. The outbreak highlights the hazards of consuming unpasteurized milk and milk products. JF - MMWR. Morbidity and mortality weekly report AU - Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) AD - Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) Y1 - 2002/06/28/ PY - 2002 DA - 2002 Jun 28 SP - 548 EP - 549 VL - 51 IS - 25 SN - 0149-2195, 0149-2195 KW - Index Medicus KW - Animals KW - Humans KW - Food Handling KW - Child KW - Dairying KW - Disease Outbreaks KW - Gastroenteritis -- epidemiology KW - Child, Preschool KW - Gastroenteritis -- microbiology KW - Wisconsin -- epidemiology KW - Adult KW - Middle Aged KW - Adolescent KW - Male KW - Female KW - Campylobacter jejuni -- isolation & purification KW - Foodborne Diseases -- epidemiology KW - Cattle -- microbiology KW - Milk -- microbiology KW - Foodborne Diseases -- microbiology KW - Campylobacter Infections -- epidemiology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/71904569?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=MMWR.+Morbidity+and+mortality+weekly+report&rft.atitle=Outbreak+of+Campylobacter+jejuni+infections+associated+with+drinking+unpasteurized+milk+procured+through+a+cow-leasing+program--Wisconsin%2C+2001.&rft.au=Centers+for+Disease+Control+and+Prevention+%28CDC%29&rft.aulast=Centers+for+Disease+Control+and+Prevention+%28CDC%29&rft.aufirst=&rft.date=2002-06-28&rft.volume=51&rft.issue=25&rft.spage=548&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=MMWR.+Morbidity+and+mortality+weekly+report&rft.issn=01492195&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 2002-07-23 N1 - Date created - 2002-07-16 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Trends in Antimicrobial Prescribing Rates for Children and Adolescents AN - 18608895; 5459450 AB - Context Annual rates of antimicrobial prescribing for children by office-based physicians increased from 1980 through 1992. The development of antimicrobial resistance, which increased for many organisms during the 1990s, is associated with antimicrobial use. To combat development of antimicrobial resistance, professional and public health organizations undertook efforts to promote appropriate antimicrobial prescribing. Objective To assess changes in antimicrobial prescribing rates overall and for respiratory tract infections for children and adolescents younger than 15 years. Design, Setting, and Participants National Ambulatory Medical Care Survey data provided by 2500 to 3500 office-based physicians for 6500 to 13 600 pediatric visits during 2-year periods from 1989-1990 through 1999-2000. Main Outcome Measures Population- and visit-based antimicrobial prescribing rates overall and for respiratory tract infections (otitis media, pharyngitis, bronchitis, sinusitis, and upper respiratory tract infection) among children and adolescents younger than 15 years. Results The average population-based annual rate of overall antimicrobial prescriptions per 1000 children and adolescents younger than 15 years decreased from 838 (95% confidence interval [CI], 711-966) in 1989-1990 to 503 (95% CI, 419-588) in 1999-2000 (P for slope <.001). The visit-based rate decreased from 330 antimicrobial prescriptions per 1000 office visits (95% CI, 305-355) to 234 (95% CI, 210-257; P for slope <.001). For the 5 respiratory tract infections, the population-based prescribing rate decreased from 674 (95% CI, 568-781) to 379 (95% CI, 311-447; P for slope <.001) and the visit-based prescribing rate decreased from 715 (95% CI, 682-748) to 613 (95% CI, 570-657; P for slope <.001). Both population- and visit-based prescribing rates decreased for pharyngitis and upper respiratory tract infection; however, for otitis media and bronchitis, declines were only observed in the population-based rate. Prescribing rates for sinusitis remained stable. Conclusion The rate of antimicrobial prescribing overall and for respiratory tract infections by office-based physicians for children and adolescents younger than 15 years decreased significantly between 1989-1990 and 1999-2000. JF - Journal of the American Medical Association AU - McCaig, L F AU - Besser, R E AU - Hughes, J M AD - Ambulatory Care Statistics Branch, Division of Health Care Statistics, National Center for Health Statistics, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, 6525 Belcrest Rd, Room 952, Hyattsville, MD 20782, USA, lfm1@cdc.gov Y1 - 2002/06/19/ PY - 2002 DA - 2002 Jun 19 SP - 3096 EP - 3102 VL - 287 IS - 23 SN - 0098-7484, 0098-7484 KW - trends KW - Microbiology Abstracts B: Bacteriology KW - J 02845:Ear, nose and respiratory tract UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/18608895?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologyb&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+the+American+Medical+Association&rft.atitle=Trends+in+Antimicrobial+Prescribing+Rates+for+Children+and+Adolescents&rft.au=McCaig%2C+L+F%3BBesser%2C+R+E%3BHughes%2C+J+M&rft.aulast=McCaig&rft.aufirst=L&rft.date=2002-06-19&rft.volume=287&rft.issue=23&rft.spage=3096&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+the+American+Medical+Association&rft.issn=00987484&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Comparison of low doses of aged and freshly fractured silica on pulmonary inflammation and damage in the rat AN - 18438494; 5417423 AB - Most previous studies of silica toxicity have used relatively high exposure doses of silica. In this study, male rats received by intratracheal instillation either vehicle, aged or freshly fractured silica at a dose of either 5 mu g/rat once a week for 12 weeks (total dose = 60 mu g) or 20 mu g/rat once a week for 12 weeks (total dose = 240 mu g). One week after the last exposure, bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) was conducted and markers of pulmonary inflammation, alveolar macrophage (AM) activation and pulmonary damage were examined. For rats exposed to a total of 60 mu g silica, both aged and freshly fractured silica increased polymorphonuclear leukocytes (PMN) yield and AM activation above control to a similar degree, but no evidence of pulmonary damage, as measured by BAL fluid lactate dehydrogenase activity or albumin concentration, was detected. For rats exposed to 240 mu g silica, aged or freshly fractured silica increased PMN yield and AM activation above control. However, zymosan-stimulated and L-NAME sensitive AM chemiluminescence was greater for rats exposed to freshly fractured silica compared to aged silica. Exposure to 240 mu g aged or freshly fractured silica also resulted in pulmonary damage, but the extent of this damage did not differ between the two types of silica. The results suggest that exposure of rats to silica levels far lower than those previously examined can cause pulmonary inflammation. In addition, exposure to freshly fractured silica causes greater generation of reactive oxygen species from AM, measured as AM chemiluminescence, in comparison to aged silica, but there is an apparent threshold below which this difference does not occur. JF - Toxicology AU - Porter, D W AU - Barger, M AU - Robinson, V A AU - Leonard, S S AU - Landsittel, D AU - Castranova, V AD - Pathology and Physiology Research Branch, Health Effects Laboratory Division, National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, 1095 Willowdale Road, M/S 2015, Morgantown, WV 26505, USA, dporter@cdc.gov Y1 - 2002/06/14/ PY - 2002 DA - 2002 Jun 14 SP - 63 EP - 71 VL - 175 IS - 1-3 SN - 0300-483X, 0300-483X KW - rats KW - Toxicology Abstracts KW - X 24154:Pathology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/18438494?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxicologyabstracts&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Toxicology&rft.atitle=Comparison+of+low+doses+of+aged+and+freshly+fractured+silica+on+pulmonary+inflammation+and+damage+in+the+rat&rft.au=Porter%2C+D+W%3BBarger%2C+M%3BRobinson%2C+V+A%3BLeonard%2C+S+S%3BLandsittel%2C+D%3BCastranova%2C+V&rft.aulast=Porter&rft.aufirst=D&rft.date=2002-06-14&rft.volume=175&rft.issue=1-3&rft.spage=63&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Toxicology&rft.issn=0300483X&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Update: Cutaneous anthrax in a laboratory worker--Texas, 2002. AN - 71817985; 12064454 AB - On April 5, 2002, CDC reported a case of suspected cutaneous anthrax in a worker at laboratory A who had been processing environmental samples for Bacillus anthracis in support of CDC investigations of the 2001 bioterrorist attacks in the United States. Since the initial report, the worker had serial serology performed at the CDC laboratory. A greater than fourfold rise from baseline in the concentration of immunoglobulin G to protective antigen was demonstrated. The peak antibody level was observed 7-8 weeks after the onset of symptoms, and the time course and levels of detectable antibodies were consistent with those seen in other cases of cutaneous anthrax. On the basis of case definitions developed during the recent investigation, these additional findings confirm this as a case of cutaneous anthrax. This case brings the number of anthrax cases identified in the United States since October 3, 2001, to 23, including 11 inhalation and 12 cutaneous (eight confirmed and four suspected). This is the first laboratory-acquired case of anthrax associated with the recent investigation. JF - MMWR. Morbidity and mortality weekly report AU - Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) AD - Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) Y1 - 2002/06/07/ PY - 2002 DA - 2002 Jun 07 SP - 482 VL - 51 IS - 22 SN - 0149-2195, 0149-2195 KW - Index Medicus KW - Equipment Contamination KW - Humans KW - Specimen Handling KW - Medical Laboratory Personnel KW - Texas KW - Bioterrorism KW - United States -- epidemiology KW - Occupational Exposure KW - Bacillus anthracis -- isolation & purification KW - Anthrax -- etiology KW - Anthrax -- diagnosis KW - Anthrax -- epidemiology KW - Skin Diseases, Bacterial -- etiology KW - Laboratories KW - Microbiology KW - Skin Diseases, Bacterial -- epidemiology KW - Skin Diseases, Bacterial -- diagnosis KW - Spores, Bacterial -- isolation & purification UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/71817985?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=MMWR.+Morbidity+and+mortality+weekly+report&rft.atitle=Update%3A+Cutaneous+anthrax+in+a+laboratory+worker--Texas%2C+2002.&rft.au=Centers+for+Disease+Control+and+Prevention+%28CDC%29&rft.aulast=Centers+for+Disease+Control+and+Prevention+%28CDC%29&rft.aufirst=&rft.date=2002-06-07&rft.volume=51&rft.issue=22&rft.spage=482&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=MMWR.+Morbidity+and+mortality+weekly+report&rft.issn=01492195&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 2002-06-20 N1 - Date created - 2002-06-14 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Cloning, expression, and functional characterization of the Mycobacterium tuberculosis secA gene AN - 18454839; 5425151 AB - To better understand the protein secretion mechanisms involved in the growth and pathogenesis of Mycobacterium tuberculosis, we examined the secA gene from M. tuberculosis (tbsecA; cosmid sequence accession No. z95121.gb_ba). We generated plasmids containing the full-length tbsecA gene or a fusion containing the 5 sequence from the M. tuberculosis secA gene and the remainder from the Escherichia coli secA gene and evaluated the ability of each construct to complement the defective SecA protein in E. coli MM52ts when grown at the non-permissive temperature. The full-length tbsecA gene was unable to compensate for the temperature-sensitive defect, whereas E. coli MM52ts that has been transformed with plasmid pMF8TB226 containing a chimeric secA gene was able to grow at 42 degree C. This work confirms that the topography of SecA and its ATP binding sites are highly conserved, whereas its membrane insertion domains are species specific. JF - FEMS Microbiology Letters AU - Owens, MU AU - Swords, W E AU - Schmidt, M G AU - King, CH AU - Quinn, F D AD - Tuberculosis/Mycobacteriology Branch, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Bldg. 17, Room 4029, Mailstop FO8, Atlanta, GA 30333, USA, fquinn@cdc.gov Y1 - 2002/06/04/ PY - 2002 DA - 2002 Jun 04 SP - 133 EP - 141 PB - Federation of European Microbiological Societies VL - 211 IS - 2 SN - 0378-1097, 0378-1097 KW - SecA protein KW - amino acid sequence prediction KW - cDNA KW - secA gene KW - Genetics Abstracts; Microbiology Abstracts B: Bacteriology KW - G 07320:Bacterial genetics KW - J 02740:Genetics and evolution UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/18454839?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologyb&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=FEMS+Microbiology+Letters&rft.atitle=Cloning%2C+expression%2C+and+functional+characterization+of+the+Mycobacterium+tuberculosis+secA+gene&rft.au=Owens%2C+MU%3BSwords%2C+W+E%3BSchmidt%2C+M+G%3BKing%2C+CH%3BQuinn%2C+F+D&rft.aulast=Owens&rft.aufirst=MU&rft.date=2002-06-04&rft.volume=211&rft.issue=2&rft.spage=133&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=FEMS+Microbiology+Letters&rft.issn=03781097&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 ER - TY - CPAPER T1 - Factors associated with immunologic stage at which patients initiate antiretroviral therapy AN - 39625367; 3672743 AU - McNaghten, A AU - Hanson, D L AU - Kellerman, S AU - Blair, J Y1 - 2002/06/03/ PY - 2002 DA - 2002 Jun 03 KW - CPI, Conference Papers Index KW - U 2000:Biology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/39625367?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Acpi&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=conference&rft.jtitle=&rft.atitle=Factors+associated+with+immunologic+stage+at+which+patients+initiate+antiretroviral+therapy&rft.au=McNaghten%2C+A%3BHanson%2C+D+L%3BKellerman%2C+S%3BBlair%2C+J&rft.aulast=McNaghten&rft.aufirst=A&rft.date=2002-06-03&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - SuppNotes - Availability: 9th Conference on Retroviruses and Opportunistic Infections, 115 South Saint Asaph St., Alexandria, VA 22314, USA; phone: 703-535-6862; fax: 703-535-6899; email: info@retroconference.org; URL: 63.126.3.84/2002/default.htm. Paper No. 473-M N1 - Last updated - 2010-05-03 ER - TY - CPAPER T1 - Prevalence of mutations associated with antiretroviral drug resistance among recently diagnosed persons with HIV, 1998-2000 AN - 39624857; 3672632 AU - Bennett, D AU - Zaidi, I AU - Heneine, W AU - Woods, T AU - Garcia-Lerma, G AU - Kaplan, J AU - Weinstock, H Y1 - 2002/06/03/ PY - 2002 DA - 2002 Jun 03 KW - CPI, Conference Papers Index KW - U 2000:Biology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/39624857?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Acpi&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=conference&rft.jtitle=&rft.atitle=Prevalence+of+mutations+associated+with+antiretroviral+drug+resistance+among+recently+diagnosed+persons+with+HIV%2C+1998-2000&rft.au=Bennett%2C+D%3BZaidi%2C+I%3BHeneine%2C+W%3BWoods%2C+T%3BGarcia-Lerma%2C+G%3BKaplan%2C+J%3BWeinstock%2C+H&rft.aulast=Bennett&rft.aufirst=D&rft.date=2002-06-03&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - SuppNotes - Availability: 9th Conference on Retroviruses and Opportunistic Infections, 115 South Saint Asaph St., Alexandria, VA 22314, USA; phone: 703-535-6862; fax: 703-535-6899; email: info@retroconference.org; URL: 63.126.3.84/2002/default.htm. Paper No. 372-M N1 - Last updated - 2010-05-03 ER - TY - CPAPER T1 - In vitro selection of the T215Y mutation by stavudine (d4T) in viruses carrying 215D/C from drug-naieve persons AN - 39551905; 3672853 AU - Garcia-Lerma, G AU - MacInnes, H AU - Nidtha, S AU - Bennett, D AU - Weinstock, H AU - Heneine, W Y1 - 2002/06/03/ PY - 2002 DA - 2002 Jun 03 KW - CPI, Conference Papers Index KW - U 2000:Biology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/39551905?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Acpi&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=conference&rft.jtitle=&rft.atitle=In+vitro+selection+of+the+T215Y+mutation+by+stavudine+%28d4T%29+in+viruses+carrying+215D%2FC+from+drug-naieve+persons&rft.au=Garcia-Lerma%2C+G%3BMacInnes%2C+H%3BNidtha%2C+S%3BBennett%2C+D%3BWeinstock%2C+H%3BHeneine%2C+W&rft.aulast=Garcia-Lerma&rft.aufirst=G&rft.date=2002-06-03&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - SuppNotes - Availability: 9th Conference on Retroviruses and Opportunistic Infections, 115 South Saint Asaph St., Alexandria, VA 22314, USA; phone: 703-535-6862; fax: 703-535-6899; email: info@retroconference.org; URL: 63.126.3.84/2002/default.htm. Paper No. 571-T N1 - Last updated - 2010-05-03 ER - TY - CPAPER T1 - HIV prevalence in the United States, 2000 AN - 39551332; 3672344 AU - Fleming, P L AU - Byers, R H AU - Sweeney, P A AU - Daniels, D AU - Karon, J M AU - Janssen, R S Y1 - 2002/06/03/ PY - 2002 DA - 2002 Jun 03 KW - CPI, Conference Papers Index KW - U 2000:Biology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/39551332?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Acpi&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=conference&rft.jtitle=&rft.atitle=HIV+prevalence+in+the+United+States%2C+2000&rft.au=Fleming%2C+P+L%3BByers%2C+R+H%3BSweeney%2C+P+A%3BDaniels%2C+D%3BKaron%2C+J+M%3BJanssen%2C+R+S&rft.aulast=Fleming&rft.aufirst=P&rft.date=2002-06-03&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - SuppNotes - Availability: 9th Conference on Retroviruses and Opportunistic Infections, 115 South Saint Asaph St., Alexandria, VA 22314, USA; phone: 703-535-6862; fax: 703-535-6899; email: info@retroconference.org; URL: 63.126.3.84/2002/default.htm. Paper No. 11 N1 - Last updated - 2010-05-03 ER - TY - CPAPER T1 - Protease inhibitor use and adverse cardiovascular outcomes in ambulatory HIV patients AN - 39526738; 3672993 AU - Holmberg, S AU - Moorman, A AU - Tong, T AU - Ward, D AU - Wood, K AU - Greenberg, A E AU - Janssen, R S Y1 - 2002/06/03/ PY - 2002 DA - 2002 Jun 03 KW - CPI, Conference Papers Index KW - U 2000:Biology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/39526738?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Acpi&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=conference&rft.jtitle=&rft.atitle=Protease+inhibitor+use+and+adverse+cardiovascular+outcomes+in+ambulatory+HIV+patients&rft.au=Holmberg%2C+S%3BMoorman%2C+A%3BTong%2C+T%3BWard%2C+D%3BWood%2C+K%3BGreenberg%2C+A+E%3BJanssen%2C+R+S&rft.aulast=Holmberg&rft.aufirst=S&rft.date=2002-06-03&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - SuppNotes - Availability: 9th Conference on Retroviruses and Opportunistic Infections, 115 South Saint Asaph St., Alexandria, VA 22314, USA; phone: 703-535-6862; fax: 703-535-6899; email: info@retroconference.org; URL: 63.126.3.84/2002/default.htm. Paper No. 698-T N1 - Last updated - 2010-05-03 ER - TY - CPAPER T1 - Frequency and predictors of late HIV diagnosis in the United States, 1994 through 1999 AN - 39526420; 3672744 AU - Neal, J J AU - Fleming, P L Y1 - 2002/06/03/ PY - 2002 DA - 2002 Jun 03 KW - CPI, Conference Papers Index KW - U 2000:Biology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/39526420?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Acpi&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=conference&rft.jtitle=&rft.atitle=Frequency+and+predictors+of+late+HIV+diagnosis+in+the+United+States%2C+1994+through+1999&rft.au=Neal%2C+J+J%3BFleming%2C+P+L&rft.aulast=Neal&rft.aufirst=J&rft.date=2002-06-03&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - SuppNotes - Availability: 9th Conference on Retroviruses and Opportunistic Infections, 115 South Saint Asaph St., Alexandria, VA 22314, USA; phone: 703-535-6862; fax: 703-535-6899; email: info@retroconference.org; URL: 63.126.3.84/2002/default.htm. Paper No. 474-M N1 - Last updated - 2010-05-03 ER - TY - CPAPER T1 - Review of antiretroviral therapy in the private sector in Nairobi, Kenya AN - 39526344; 3672725 AU - Macharia, D AU - Lule, G AU - Silverstein, D AU - Tesfaledet, G AU - Patel, S AU - Owili, D M AU - Chang, L W AU - Nganga, L AU - DeCock, K M AU - Weidle, P J Y1 - 2002/06/03/ PY - 2002 DA - 2002 Jun 03 KW - CPI, Conference Papers Index KW - U 2000:Biology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/39526344?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Acpi&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=conference&rft.jtitle=&rft.atitle=Review+of+antiretroviral+therapy+in+the+private+sector+in+Nairobi%2C+Kenya&rft.au=Macharia%2C+D%3BLule%2C+G%3BSilverstein%2C+D%3BTesfaledet%2C+G%3BPatel%2C+S%3BOwili%2C+D+M%3BChang%2C+L+W%3BNganga%2C+L%3BDeCock%2C+K+M%3BWeidle%2C+P+J&rft.aulast=Macharia&rft.aufirst=D&rft.date=2002-06-03&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - SuppNotes - Availability: 9th Conference on Retroviruses and Opportunistic Infections, 115 South Saint Asaph St., Alexandria, VA 22314, USA; phone: 703-535-6862; fax: 703-535-6899; email: info@retroconference.org; URL: 63.126.3.84/2002/default.htm. Paper No. 457-W N1 - Last updated - 2010-05-03 ER - TY - CPAPER T1 - How well do rapid HIV tests detect seroconverters? AN - 39526002; 3672620 AU - Branson, B AU - Meredith, N AU - Mei, J AU - Hannon, H Y1 - 2002/06/03/ PY - 2002 DA - 2002 Jun 03 KW - CPI, Conference Papers Index KW - U 2000:Biology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/39526002?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Acpi&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=conference&rft.jtitle=&rft.atitle=How+well+do+rapid+HIV+tests+detect+seroconverters%3F&rft.au=Branson%2C+B%3BMeredith%2C+N%3BMei%2C+J%3BHannon%2C+H&rft.aulast=Branson&rft.aufirst=B&rft.date=2002-06-03&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - SuppNotes - Availability: 9th Conference on Retroviruses and Opportunistic Infections, 115 South Saint Asaph St., Alexandria, VA 22314, USA; phone: 703-535-6862; fax: 703-535-6899; email: info@retroconference.org; URL: 63.126.3.84/2002/default.htm. Paper No. 361-M N1 - Last updated - 2010-05-03 ER - TY - CPAPER T1 - Impact of transfusion-associated AIDS in the United States AN - 39525366; 3673072 AU - Klevens, R N AU - Hughes, D Y1 - 2002/06/03/ PY - 2002 DA - 2002 Jun 03 KW - CPI, Conference Papers Index KW - U 2000:Biology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/39525366?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Acpi&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=conference&rft.jtitle=&rft.atitle=Impact+of+transfusion-associated+AIDS+in+the+United+States&rft.au=Klevens%2C+R+N%3BHughes%2C+D&rft.aulast=Klevens&rft.aufirst=R&rft.date=2002-06-03&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - SuppNotes - Availability: 9th Conference on Retroviruses and Opportunistic Infections, 115 South Saint Asaph St., Alexandria, VA 22314, USA; phone: 703-535-6862; fax: 703-535-6899; email: info@retroconference.org; URL: 63.126.3.84/2002/default.htm. Paper No. 769-W N1 - Last updated - 2010-05-03 ER - TY - CPAPER T1 - Human infection with simian foamy viruses: Preliminary results from an immunologic study AN - 39525114; 3672535 AU - Spira, T J AU - Lam, L AU - Boneva, R S AU - Switzer, WM AU - Cummins, J M AU - Heneine, W AU - Folks, T M AU - Chapman, LE Y1 - 2002/06/03/ PY - 2002 DA - 2002 Jun 03 KW - CPI, Conference Papers Index KW - U 2000:Biology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/39525114?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Acpi&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=conference&rft.jtitle=&rft.atitle=Human+infection+with+simian+foamy+viruses%3A+Preliminary+results+from+an+immunologic+study&rft.au=Spira%2C+T+J%3BLam%2C+L%3BBoneva%2C+R+S%3BSwitzer%2C+WM%3BCummins%2C+J+M%3BHeneine%2C+W%3BFolks%2C+T+M%3BChapman%2C+LE&rft.aulast=Spira&rft.aufirst=T&rft.date=2002-06-03&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - SuppNotes - Availability: 9th Conference on Retroviruses and Opportunistic Infections, 115 South Saint Asaph St., Alexandria, VA 22314, USA; phone: 703-535-6862; fax: 703-535-6899; email: info@retroconference.org; URL: 63.126.3.84/2002/default.htm. Paper No. 284-T N1 - Last updated - 2010-05-03 ER - TY - CPAPER T1 - Adherence to guidelines among HIV/HCV co-infected persons and providers AN - 39524454; 3672956 AU - Teshale, E H AU - Kellerman, SE AU - Adams, M R AU - Wolfe, MI AU - Swerdlow, D L Y1 - 2002/06/03/ PY - 2002 DA - 2002 Jun 03 KW - CPI, Conference Papers Index KW - U 2000:Biology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/39524454?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Acpi&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=conference&rft.jtitle=&rft.atitle=Adherence+to+guidelines+among+HIV%2FHCV+co-infected+persons+and+providers&rft.au=Teshale%2C+E+H%3BKellerman%2C+SE%3BAdams%2C+M+R%3BWolfe%2C+MI%3BSwerdlow%2C+D+L&rft.aulast=Teshale&rft.aufirst=E&rft.date=2002-06-03&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - SuppNotes - Availability: 9th Conference on Retroviruses and Opportunistic Infections, 115 South Saint Asaph St., Alexandria, VA 22314, USA; phone: 703-535-6862; fax: 703-535-6899; email: info@retroconference.org; URL: 63.126.3.84/2002/default.htm. Paper No. 665-M N1 - Last updated - 2010-05-03 ER - TY - CPAPER T1 - Incidence of acute hepatitis B (HBV) infection in HIV-infected persons and the impact of HB vaccination and lamivudine AN - 39524328; 3672964 AU - Kellerman, SE AU - Hanson, D L AU - McNaghten, A Y1 - 2002/06/03/ PY - 2002 DA - 2002 Jun 03 KW - CPI, Conference Papers Index KW - U 2000:Biology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/39524328?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Acpi&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=conference&rft.jtitle=&rft.atitle=Incidence+of+acute+hepatitis+B+%28HBV%29+infection+in+HIV-infected+persons+and+the+impact+of+HB+vaccination+and+lamivudine&rft.au=Kellerman%2C+SE%3BHanson%2C+D+L%3BMcNaghten%2C+A&rft.aulast=Kellerman&rft.aufirst=SE&rft.date=2002-06-03&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - SuppNotes - Availability: 9th Conference on Retroviruses and Opportunistic Infections, 115 South Saint Asaph St., Alexandria, VA 22314, USA; phone: 703-535-6862; fax: 703-535-6899; email: info@retroconference.org; URL: 63.126.3.84/2002/default.htm. Paper No. 672-M N1 - Last updated - 2010-05-03 ER - TY - CPAPER T1 - Performance of newer rapid tests for HIV antibody with whole blood and plasma AN - 39524015; 3672883 AU - Branson, B AU - Uniyal, A AU - Fridlund, C AU - Granade, T AU - Kerndt, P Y1 - 2002/06/03/ PY - 2002 DA - 2002 Jun 03 KW - CPI, Conference Papers Index KW - U 2000:Biology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/39524015?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Acpi&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=conference&rft.jtitle=&rft.atitle=Performance+of+newer+rapid+tests+for+HIV+antibody+with+whole+blood+and+plasma&rft.au=Branson%2C+B%3BUniyal%2C+A%3BFridlund%2C+C%3BGranade%2C+T%3BKerndt%2C+P&rft.aulast=Branson&rft.aufirst=B&rft.date=2002-06-03&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - SuppNotes - Availability: 9th Conference on Retroviruses and Opportunistic Infections, 115 South Saint Asaph St., Alexandria, VA 22314, USA; phone: 703-535-6862; fax: 703-535-6899; email: info@retroconference.org; URL: 63.126.3.84/2002/default.htm. Paper No. 599-T N1 - Last updated - 2010-05-03 ER - TY - CPAPER T1 - Promise and challenge of antiretroviral therapy in developing countries AN - 39523263; 3673196 AU - De Cock, K AU - Jaffe, H Y1 - 2002/06/03/ PY - 2002 DA - 2002 Jun 03 KW - CPI, Conference Papers Index KW - U 2000:Biology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/39523263?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Acpi&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=conference&rft.jtitle=&rft.atitle=Promise+and+challenge+of+antiretroviral+therapy+in+developing+countries&rft.au=De+Cock%2C+K%3BJaffe%2C+H&rft.aulast=De+Cock&rft.aufirst=K&rft.date=2002-06-03&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - SuppNotes - Availability: 9th Conference on Retroviruses and Opportunistic Infections, 115 South Saint Asaph St., Alexandria, VA 22314, USA; phone: 703-535-6862; fax: 703-535-6899; email: info@retroconference.org; URL: 63.126.3.84/2002/default.htm. Paper No. 30 N1 - Last updated - 2010-05-03 ER - TY - CPAPER T1 - Effect of nevirapine (NVP) for perinatal HIV prevention appears greatest among women with most advanced disease: Subgroup analyses of HIVNET 012 AN - 39522339; 3672356 AU - Fowler, M G AU - Mwatha, A AU - Guay, L AU - Musoke, P AU - Mmiro, F AU - Fleming, T AU - Jackson, J B Y1 - 2002/06/03/ PY - 2002 DA - 2002 Jun 03 KW - CPI, Conference Papers Index KW - U 2000:Biology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/39522339?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Acpi&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=conference&rft.jtitle=&rft.atitle=Effect+of+nevirapine+%28NVP%29+for+perinatal+HIV+prevention+appears+greatest+among+women+with+most+advanced+disease%3A+Subgroup+analyses+of+HIVNET+012&rft.au=Fowler%2C+M+G%3BMwatha%2C+A%3BGuay%2C+L%3BMusoke%2C+P%3BMmiro%2C+F%3BFleming%2C+T%3BJackson%2C+J+B&rft.aulast=Fowler&rft.aufirst=M&rft.date=2002-06-03&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - SuppNotes - Availability: 9th Conference on Retroviruses and Opportunistic Infections, 115 South Saint Asaph St., Alexandria, VA 22314, USA; phone: 703-535-6862; fax: 703-535-6899; email: info@retroconference.org; URL: 63.126.3.84/2002/default.htm. Paper No. 120 N1 - Last updated - 2010-05-03 ER - TY - CPAPER T1 - Laboratory monitoring of antiretroviral therapy in developing countries AN - 39506126; 3673184 AU - Nkengasong, J N Y1 - 2002/06/03/ PY - 2002 DA - 2002 Jun 03 KW - CPI, Conference Papers Index KW - U 2000:Biology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/39506126?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Acpi&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=conference&rft.jtitle=&rft.atitle=Laboratory+monitoring+of+antiretroviral+therapy+in+developing+countries&rft.au=Nkengasong%2C+J+N&rft.aulast=Nkengasong&rft.aufirst=J&rft.date=2002-06-03&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - SuppNotes - Availability: 9th Conference on Retroviruses and Opportunistic Infections, 115 South Saint Asaph St., Alexandria, VA 22314, USA; phone: 703-535-6862; fax: 703-535-6899; email: info@retroconference.org; URL: 63.126.3.84/2002/default.htm. Paper No. S27 N1 - Last updated - 2010-05-03 ER - TY - CPAPER T1 - Simian retrovirus infections in persons occupationally exposed to non-human primates AN - 39503104; 3672371 AU - Switzer, WM AU - Shanmugam, V AU - Bhullar, V AU - Yee, JA AU - Lerche, N AU - Boneva, R S AU - Chapman, LE AU - Folks, T M AU - Heneine, W Y1 - 2002/06/03/ PY - 2002 DA - 2002 Jun 03 KW - CPI, Conference Papers Index KW - U 2000:Biology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/39503104?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Acpi&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=conference&rft.jtitle=&rft.atitle=Simian+retrovirus+infections+in+persons+occupationally+exposed+to+non-human+primates&rft.au=Switzer%2C+WM%3BShanmugam%2C+V%3BBhullar%2C+V%3BYee%2C+JA%3BLerche%2C+N%3BBoneva%2C+R+S%3BChapman%2C+LE%3BFolks%2C+T+M%3BHeneine%2C+W&rft.aulast=Switzer&rft.aufirst=WM&rft.date=2002-06-03&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - SuppNotes - Availability: 9th Conference on Retroviruses and Opportunistic Infections, 115 South Saint Asaph St., Alexandria, VA 22314, USA; phone: 703-535-6862; fax: 703-535-6899; email: info@retroconference.org; URL: 63.126.3.84/2002/default.htm. Paper No. 134-M N1 - Last updated - 2010-05-03 ER - TY - CPAPER T1 - Early dynamics of RNA viral load levels in HIV-infected infants and their correlations to maternal RNA viral load around delivery AN - 39495907; 3673099 AU - Wiener, J AU - Lyles, R AU - Abrams, E AU - Palumbo, P AU - Nesheim, S AU - Vink, P AU - Bulterys, M Y1 - 2002/06/03/ PY - 2002 DA - 2002 Jun 03 KW - CPI, Conference Papers Index KW - U 2000:Biology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/39495907?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Acpi&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=conference&rft.jtitle=&rft.atitle=Early+dynamics+of+RNA+viral+load+levels+in+HIV-infected+infants+and+their+correlations+to+maternal+RNA+viral+load+around+delivery&rft.au=Wiener%2C+J%3BLyles%2C+R%3BAbrams%2C+E%3BPalumbo%2C+P%3BNesheim%2C+S%3BVink%2C+P%3BBulterys%2C+M&rft.aulast=Wiener&rft.aufirst=J&rft.date=2002-06-03&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - SuppNotes - Availability: 9th Conference on Retroviruses and Opportunistic Infections, 115 South Saint Asaph St., Alexandria, VA 22314, USA; phone: 703-535-6862; fax: 703-535-6899; email: info@retroconference.org; URL: 63.126.3.84/2002/default.htm. Paper No. 793-W N1 - Last updated - 2010-05-03 ER - TY - CPAPER T1 - Deaths from non-AIDS-related diseases have increased as a proportion of deaths of HIV-infected persons since the advent of HAART AN - 39487685; 3672377 AU - Wolfe, MI AU - Hanson, D L AU - Selik, R AU - Swerdlow, D L Y1 - 2002/06/03/ PY - 2002 DA - 2002 Jun 03 KW - CPI, Conference Papers Index KW - U 2000:Biology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/39487685?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Acpi&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=conference&rft.jtitle=&rft.atitle=Deaths+from+non-AIDS-related+diseases+have+increased+as+a+proportion+of+deaths+of+HIV-infected+persons+since+the+advent+of+HAART&rft.au=Wolfe%2C+MI%3BHanson%2C+D+L%3BSelik%2C+R%3BSwerdlow%2C+D+L&rft.aulast=Wolfe&rft.aufirst=MI&rft.date=2002-06-03&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - SuppNotes - Availability: 9th Conference on Retroviruses and Opportunistic Infections, 115 South Saint Asaph St., Alexandria, VA 22314, USA; phone: 703-535-6862; fax: 703-535-6899; email: info@retroconference.org; URL: 63.126.3.84/2002/default.htm. Paper No. 14 N1 - Last updated - 2010-05-03 ER - TY - CPAPER T1 - Renal abnormalities as predictors of hospitalization in a prospective multi-center cohort study of HIV-positive women AN - 39464269; 3673021 AU - Gardner, L AU - Holmberg, S AU - Tashima, K AU - Schuman, P AU - Romaplo, A AU - Sadek, R AU - Klein, R Y1 - 2002/06/03/ PY - 2002 DA - 2002 Jun 03 KW - CPI, Conference Papers Index KW - U 2000:Biology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/39464269?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Acpi&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=conference&rft.jtitle=&rft.atitle=Renal+abnormalities+as+predictors+of+hospitalization+in+a+prospective+multi-center+cohort+study+of+HIV-positive+women&rft.au=Gardner%2C+L%3BHolmberg%2C+S%3BTashima%2C+K%3BSchuman%2C+P%3BRomaplo%2C+A%3BSadek%2C+R%3BKlein%2C+R&rft.aulast=Gardner&rft.aufirst=L&rft.date=2002-06-03&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - SuppNotes - Availability: 9th Conference on Retroviruses and Opportunistic Infections, 115 South Saint Asaph St., Alexandria, VA 22314, USA; phone: 703-535-6862; fax: 703-535-6899; email: info@retroconference.org; URL: 63.126.3.84/2002/default.htm. Paper No. 722-T N1 - Last updated - 2010-05-03 ER - TY - CPAPER T1 - New approaches for control of insect borne parasitic diseases using genetically modified insects AN - 39463459; 3674099 AU - Beard, C B Y1 - 2002/06/03/ PY - 2002 DA - 2002 Jun 03 KW - CPI, Conference Papers Index KW - U 2000:Biology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/39463459?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Acpi&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=conference&rft.jtitle=&rft.atitle=New+approaches+for+control+of+insect+borne+parasitic+diseases+using+genetically+modified+insects&rft.au=Beard%2C+C+B&rft.aulast=Beard&rft.aufirst=C&rft.date=2002-06-03&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - SuppNotes - Availability: Association of Southeastern Biologists, Department of Biology, Appalachian State University, Boone, NC 28608, USA; fax: 828-262-2127; URL: www.asb.appstate.edu/63rdmeeting.htm. Paper No. 95 N1 - Last updated - 2010-05-03 ER - TY - CPAPER T1 - Lack of effect of HAART on HPV DNA levels in the female genital tract AN - 39456046; 3672354 AU - Conley, L J AU - Bush, T J AU - Ellerbrock, T V AU - Lennox, J AU - Wu, F AU - Evans-Strickfaden, T AU - Hart, CE AU - Wright, T C Y1 - 2002/06/03/ PY - 2002 DA - 2002 Jun 03 KW - CPI, Conference Papers Index KW - U 2000:Biology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/39456046?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Acpi&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=conference&rft.jtitle=&rft.atitle=Lack+of+effect+of+HAART+on+HPV+DNA+levels+in+the+female+genital+tract&rft.au=Conley%2C+L+J%3BBush%2C+T+J%3BEllerbrock%2C+T+V%3BLennox%2C+J%3BWu%2C+F%3BEvans-Strickfaden%2C+T%3BHart%2C+CE%3BWright%2C+T+C&rft.aulast=Conley&rft.aufirst=L&rft.date=2002-06-03&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - SuppNotes - Availability: 9th Conference on Retroviruses and Opportunistic Infections, 115 South Saint Asaph St., Alexandria, VA 22314, USA; phone: 703-535-6862; fax: 703-535-6899; email: info@retroconference.org; URL: 63.126.3.84/2002/default.htm. Paper No. 119 N1 - Last updated - 2010-05-03 ER - TY - CPAPER T1 - Human herpes virus 8 seropositivity among pregnant HIV-infected women and mortality in their infants AN - 39447669; 3672903 AU - Bulterys, M AU - Dollard, S AU - Wiener, J AU - Abrams, E AU - Carter, R AU - Nesheim, S AU - Nahmias, A AU - Palumbo, P AU - Vink, P AU - Chao, A Y1 - 2002/06/03/ PY - 2002 DA - 2002 Jun 03 KW - CPI, Conference Papers Index KW - U 2000:Biology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/39447669?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Acpi&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=conference&rft.jtitle=&rft.atitle=Human+herpes+virus+8+seropositivity+among+pregnant+HIV-infected+women+and+mortality+in+their+infants&rft.au=Bulterys%2C+M%3BDollard%2C+S%3BWiener%2C+J%3BAbrams%2C+E%3BCarter%2C+R%3BNesheim%2C+S%3BNahmias%2C+A%3BPalumbo%2C+P%3BVink%2C+P%3BChao%2C+A&rft.aulast=Bulterys&rft.aufirst=M&rft.date=2002-06-03&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - SuppNotes - Availability: 9th Conference on Retroviruses and Opportunistic Infections, 115 South Saint Asaph St., Alexandria, VA 22314, USA; phone: 703-535-6862; fax: 703-535-6899; email: info@retroconference.org; URL: 63.126.3.84/2002/default.htm. Paper No. 617-W N1 - Last updated - 2010-05-03 ER - TY - CPAPER T1 - HIV seropositivity among uninfected HIV vaccine recipients AN - 39446687; 3672546 AU - Ackers, M-L AU - Parekh, B AU - Evans, T G AU - Berman, P AU - Phillips, S AU - Allen, M AU - McDougal, J S Y1 - 2002/06/03/ PY - 2002 DA - 2002 Jun 03 KW - CPI, Conference Papers Index KW - U 2000:Biology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/39446687?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Acpi&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=conference&rft.jtitle=&rft.atitle=HIV+seropositivity+among+uninfected+HIV+vaccine+recipients&rft.au=Ackers%2C+M-L%3BParekh%2C+B%3BEvans%2C+T+G%3BBerman%2C+P%3BPhillips%2C+S%3BAllen%2C+M%3BMcDougal%2C+J+S&rft.aulast=Ackers&rft.aufirst=M-L&rft.date=2002-06-03&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - SuppNotes - Availability: 9th Conference on Retroviruses and Opportunistic Infections, 115 South Saint Asaph St., Alexandria, VA 22314, USA; phone: 703-535-6862; fax: 703-535-6899; email: info@retroconference.org; URL: 63.126.3.84/2002/default.htm. Paper No. 294-W N1 - Last updated - 2010-05-03 ER - TY - CPAPER T1 - Vitamin A, pneumonia, HIV infection, and type-1 cytokine immunity AN - 39443975; 3672534 AU - Jason, J AU - Archibald, L K AU - Nwanyanwu, O C AU - Sowell, AL AU - Buchanan, I AU - Larned, J AU - Bell, M AU - Kazembe, P N AU - Dobbie, H AU - Jarvis, W R Y1 - 2002/06/03/ PY - 2002 DA - 2002 Jun 03 KW - CPI, Conference Papers Index KW - U 2000:Biology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/39443975?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Acpi&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=conference&rft.jtitle=&rft.atitle=Vitamin+A%2C+pneumonia%2C+HIV+infection%2C+and+type-1+cytokine+immunity&rft.au=Jason%2C+J%3BArchibald%2C+L+K%3BNwanyanwu%2C+O+C%3BSowell%2C+AL%3BBuchanan%2C+I%3BLarned%2C+J%3BBell%2C+M%3BKazembe%2C+P+N%3BDobbie%2C+H%3BJarvis%2C+W+R&rft.aulast=Jason&rft.aufirst=J&rft.date=2002-06-03&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - SuppNotes - Availability: 9th Conference on Retroviruses and Opportunistic Infections, 115 South Saint Asaph St., Alexandria, VA 22314, USA; phone: 703-535-6862; fax: 703-535-6899; email: info@retroconference.org; URL: 63.126.3.84/2002/default.htm. Paper No. 283-T N1 - Last updated - 2010-05-03 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Upstream signal transduction of NF-kappaB activation. AN - 72915693; 14561196 AB - NF-kappaB is a transcription factor governing the expression of genes involved in the immune response, embryo or cell lineage development, cell apoptosis, cell cycle progression, inflammation, and oncogenesis. During the past few years, considerable attention has been paid to the upstream signaling pathways that lead to the activation of NF-kappaB. Many of these signaling molecules can serve as potential pharmaceutical targets for the specific inhibition of NF-kappaB activation leading to interruption of disease processes. How these molecules interact with each other is however, still a debatable issue. Since many of the signal molecules in this pathway relay more than one of the upstream signals to downstream targets, it has been suggested that the transmission of signals involves a network, rather than a linear sequence in the activation of NF-kappaB. Thus, the detailed elucidation of the upstream signaling molecules involved with NF-kappaB activation will be important to the development of pharmaceutical inhibitors that specifically inhibit the activation of NF-kappaB. Such inhibitors would be predicted to have potent anti-inflammatory and/or anti-carcinogenic effects. JF - Current drug targets. Inflammation and allergy AU - Chen, Fei AU - Demers, Laurence M AU - Shi, Xianglin AD - The Health Effects Laboratory Division, National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, 1095 Willowdale Road, Morgantown, WV 26505, USA. lfd3@cdc.gov Y1 - 2002/06// PY - 2002 DA - June 2002 SP - 137 EP - 149 VL - 1 IS - 2 SN - 1568-010X, 1568-010X KW - NF-kappa B KW - 0 KW - Ubiquinone KW - 1339-63-5 KW - Protein-Serine-Threonine Kinases KW - EC 2.7.11.1 KW - NF-kappa B kinase KW - EC 2.7.11.25 KW - Index Medicus KW - Animals KW - Protein-Serine-Threonine Kinases -- metabolism KW - Gene Expression Regulation, Enzymologic -- genetics KW - Biotransformation KW - Humans KW - Ubiquinone -- metabolism KW - NF-kappa B -- agonists KW - Signal Transduction -- drug effects KW - NF-kappa B -- genetics UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/72915693?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Current+drug+targets.+Inflammation+and+allergy&rft.atitle=Upstream+signal+transduction+of+NF-kappaB+activation.&rft.au=Chen%2C+Fei%3BDemers%2C+Laurence+M%3BShi%2C+Xianglin&rft.aulast=Chen&rft.aufirst=Fei&rft.date=2002-06-01&rft.volume=1&rft.issue=2&rft.spage=137&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Current+drug+targets.+Inflammation+and+allergy&rft.issn=1568010X&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 2003-11-03 N1 - Date created - 2003-10-16 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Significance of genetic information in risk assessment and individual classification using silicosis as a case model. AN - 71988114; 12176706 AB - Over the last decade the role of genetic data in epidemiological research has expanded considerably. We recently published a case-control study that evaluated the interaction between silica exposure and minor variants in the genes coding for interleukin-1alpha (IL-1alpha), interleukin-1 receptor antagonist (IL-1RA) and tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNFalpha) as risk factors associated with silicosis, a fibrotic lung disease. In contrast, this report uses data generated from these studies to illustrate the utility of genetic information for the purposes of risk assessment and clinical prediction. Specifically, this study will address how, given a known exposure, genetic information affects the characterization of risk groups. Relative operating characteristic (ROC) curves were then used to determine the impact of genetic information on individual classification. Logistic regression modeling procedures were used to estimate the predicted probability of developing silicosis. This probability was then used to construct predicted risk deciles, first for a model with occupational exposure only and then for a model containing occupational exposure and genetic main effects and interactions. Results indicate that the exposure-only model effectively captures an increasing relationship between predicted risk deciles and prevalence of observed silicosis cases. Individuals comprising the highest risk decile were almost four times as likely to have silicosis as opposed to the lowest risk decile. The addition of genetic data, however, substantially improved characterization of risk categories; the proportion of cases in the highest risk decile was almost eight times that in the lowest risk decile. However, the ROC curve and classification analysis demonstrated that the addition of genetic main effects and interactions did not significantly impact on prediction of the individual's case status. These results indicate that genetic information plays a valuable role in effectively characterizing risk groups and mechanisms of disease operating in a substantial proportion of the population. However, in the case of fibrotic lung disease caused by silica exposure, information about the presence or absence of the minor variants of IL-1alpha, IL-1RA and TNFalpha is unlikely to be a useful tool for individual classification. JF - The Annals of occupational hygiene AU - McCanlies, Erin AU - Landsittel, Douglas P AU - Yucesoy, Berran AU - Vallyathan, Val AU - Luster, Michael L AU - Sharp, Dan S AD - Biostatistics Branch, Health Effects Laboratory Division, National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, Morgantown, WV 26505, USA. eim4@cdc.gov Y1 - 2002/06// PY - 2002 DA - June 2002 SP - 375 EP - 381 VL - 46 IS - 4 SN - 0003-4878, 0003-4878 KW - Index Medicus KW - Sensitivity and Specificity KW - ROC Curve KW - Logistic Models KW - Humans KW - Aged KW - Middle Aged KW - Coal Mining KW - Male KW - Risk Assessment KW - Silicosis -- genetics KW - Silicosis -- epidemiology KW - Genetic Predisposition to Disease -- epidemiology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/71988114?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Annals+of+occupational+hygiene&rft.atitle=Significance+of+genetic+information+in+risk+assessment+and+individual+classification+using+silicosis+as+a+case+model.&rft.au=McCanlies%2C+Erin%3BLandsittel%2C+Douglas+P%3BYucesoy%2C+Berran%3BVallyathan%2C+Val%3BLuster%2C+Michael+L%3BSharp%2C+Dan+S&rft.aulast=McCanlies&rft.aufirst=Erin&rft.date=2002-06-01&rft.volume=46&rft.issue=4&rft.spage=375&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=The+Annals+of+occupational+hygiene&rft.issn=00034878&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 2002-09-18 N1 - Date created - 2002-08-14 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Racial differences in prevalence of a supratypic HLA-genetic marker immaterial to pre-employment testing for susceptibility to chronic beryllium disease. AN - 71986362; 12173370 AB - A beryllium materials manufacturer is conducting a limited pilot program that offers testing for HLA-DP beta 1E69 with genetic counseling through a third party to applicants for employment. An important consideration in this regard is the prevalence of this marker in the general population, and its consequent positive predictive value of disease susceptibility. Polymerase chain reaction and restriction fragment length polymorphism analyses were used to determine HLA-DP beta 1E69 population frequencies. Estimation of positive predictive values assumed a disease frequency among beryllium workers of either 5 or 15% and used an odds ratio for disease risk of 35 for the HLA-DP beta 1E69 marker. Allelic/carrier frequencies were found to be 0.21/0.33, 0.24/0.40, 0.27/0.47, and 0.38/0.59 for Caucasians, African-Americans, Hispanics, and Chinese, respectively. Ranges of positive predictive values for a genetic test based on HLA-DP beta 1E69 in these populations were calculated to be 8.3-14.3% for carriers with an assumed disease frequency of 5%. For high risk subgroups with disease frequencies of 15%, the range of positive predictive values was found to span between 24.9-43.0%. These estimates suggest that using HLA-DP beta 1E69 genotyping for general pre-employment screening in the beryllium industry has a low positive predictive value, which varies little among racial groups where carrier frequencies differ significantly. JF - American journal of industrial medicine AU - Weston, Ainsley AU - Ensey, James AU - Kreiss, Kathleen AU - Keshava, Channa AU - McCanlies, Erin AD - Health Effects Laboratory Division, National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, CDC, MS-L3014, 1095 Willowdale Road, Morgantown, WV 26505-2888, USA. AGW8@CDC.GOV Y1 - 2002/06// PY - 2002 DA - June 2002 SP - 457 EP - 465 VL - 41 IS - 6 SN - 0271-3586, 0271-3586 KW - HLA-DP Antigens KW - 0 KW - Index Medicus KW - Sensitivity and Specificity KW - Odds Ratio KW - Heterozygote Detection KW - Hispanic Americans -- genetics KW - Gene Frequency KW - Polymorphism, Restriction Fragment Length KW - Humans KW - Predictive Value of Tests KW - Pilot Projects KW - United States -- epidemiology KW - Occupational Health Services KW - Genetic Testing KW - Continental Population Groups -- genetics KW - Berylliosis -- prevention & control KW - Berylliosis -- epidemiology KW - HLA-DP Antigens -- genetics KW - Genetic Predisposition to Disease -- epidemiology KW - Berylliosis -- genetics UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/71986362?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=American+journal+of+industrial+medicine&rft.atitle=Racial+differences+in+prevalence+of+a+supratypic+HLA-genetic+marker+immaterial+to+pre-employment+testing+for+susceptibility+to+chronic+beryllium+disease.&rft.au=Weston%2C+Ainsley%3BEnsey%2C+James%3BKreiss%2C+Kathleen%3BKeshava%2C+Channa%3BMcCanlies%2C+Erin&rft.aulast=Weston&rft.aufirst=Ainsley&rft.date=2002-06-01&rft.volume=41&rft.issue=6&rft.spage=457&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=American+journal+of+industrial+medicine&rft.issn=02713586&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 2002-12-17 N1 - Date created - 2002-08-13 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Ten-year update on mortality among mild-steel welders. AN - 71879652; 12109555 AB - This study is an update on the lung cancer risk of mild-steel welders with no asbestos exposure using a cohort of nonwelders for comparison. The subjects came from three United States (US) plants that manufactured heavy equipment. The follow-up was extended from 1988 to 1998. The welders were not exposed to asbestos (typical of shipyard welders) or to chromium or nickel (present in stainless steel). There were 108 lung cancer deaths among the welders and 128 such deaths among the nonwelders (double the previous number of lung cancer deaths). The standardized mortality ratio (SMR) for lung cancer was 1.46 [95% confidence interval (95% CI 1.20-1.76] for the welders and 1.18 (95% CI 0.98-1.40) for the nonwelders, both in comparison with the US general population. Direct comparison between the welders and nonwelders yielded a rate ratio of 1.22 (95% CI 0.93-1.59). Analyses using a 15-year lag time did not differ greatly from those of an unlagged analysis. There were no marked trends for lung cancer risk by duration of exposure or latency. Evidence from cross-sectional data from a sample of the cohort indicated that the welders smoked somewhat more than the US population and more than the nonwelders. An approximate adjustment of the rate ratios for possible confounding by smoking suggested that smoking may have accounted for about half of the excess lung cancer observed among the welders versus that of either reference population. CONCLUSIONS These data provide suggestive but not conclusive evidence of a modest lung cancer risk from mild-steel welding. JF - Scandinavian journal of work, environment & health AU - Steenland, Kyle AD - National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, Cincinnati, Ohio, 45226, USA. nsteenland@cdc.gov Y1 - 2002/06// PY - 2002 DA - June 2002 SP - 163 EP - 167 VL - 28 IS - 3 SN - 0355-3140, 0355-3140 KW - Steel KW - 12597-69-2 KW - Index Medicus KW - Occupational Exposure -- statistics & numerical data KW - Reference Values KW - Neoplasms -- mortality KW - Humans KW - Aged KW - Poisson Distribution KW - Risk Assessment KW - Age Distribution KW - Cardiovascular Diseases -- mortality KW - Adult KW - Cohort Studies KW - Case-Control Studies KW - Occupational Exposure -- adverse effects KW - Middle Aged KW - Respiratory Tract Diseases -- mortality KW - United States -- epidemiology KW - Male KW - Survival Analysis KW - Lung Neoplasms -- etiology KW - Welding -- statistics & numerical data KW - Steel -- adverse effects KW - Lung Neoplasms -- mortality KW - Cause of Death KW - Occupational Diseases -- mortality UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/71879652?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Scandinavian+journal+of+work%2C+environment+%26+health&rft.atitle=Ten-year+update+on+mortality+among+mild-steel+welders.&rft.au=Steenland%2C+Kyle&rft.aulast=Steenland&rft.aufirst=Kyle&rft.date=2002-06-01&rft.volume=28&rft.issue=3&rft.spage=163&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Scandinavian+journal+of+work%2C+environment+%26+health&rft.issn=03553140&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 2003-01-10 N1 - Date created - 2002-07-11 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Selective peroxidation and externalization of phosphatidylserine in normal human epidermal keratinocytes during oxidative stress induced by cumene hydroperoxide. AN - 71806591; 12060396 AB - Reactive oxygen species not only modulate important signal transduction pathways, but also induce DNA damage and cytotoxicity in keratinocytes. Hydrogen peroxide and organic peroxides are particularly important as these chemicals are widely used in dermally applied cosmetics and pharmaceuticals, and also represent endogenous metabolic intermediates. Lipid peroxidation is of fundamental interest in the cellular response to peroxides, as lipids are extremely sensitive to oxidation and lipid-based signaling systems have been implicated in a number of cellular processes, including apoptosis. Oxidation of specific phospholipid classes was measured in normal human epidermal keratinocytes exposed to cumene hydroperoxide after metabolic incorporation of the fluorescent oxidation-sensitive fatty acid, cis-parinaric acid, using a fluorescence high-performance liquid chromatography assay. In addition, lipid oxidation was correlated with changes in membrane phospholipid asymmetry and other markers of apoptosis. Although cumene hydroperoxide produced significant oxidation of cis-parinaric acid in all phospholipid classes, one phospholipid, phosphatidylserine, appeared to be preferentially oxidized above all other species. Using fluorescamine derivatization and annexin V binding it was observed that specific oxidation of phosphatidylserine was accompanied by phosphatidylserine translocation from the inner to the outer plasma membrane surface where it may serve as a recognition signal for interaction with phagocytic macrophages. These effects occurred much earlier than any detectable changes in other apoptotic markers such as caspase-3 activation, DNA fragmentation, or changes in nuclear morphology. Thus, normal human epidermal keratinocytes undergo profound lipid oxidation with preference for phosphatidylserine followed by phosphatidylserine externalization upon exposure to cumene hydroperoxide. It is therefore likely that normal human epidermal keratinocytes exposed to similar oxidative stress in vivo would under go phosphatidylserine oxidation/translocation. This would make them targets for macrophage recognition and phagocytosis, and thus limit their potential to invoke inflammation or give rise to neoplastic transformations. JF - The Journal of investigative dermatology AU - Shvedova, Anna A AU - Tyurina, Julia Y AU - Kawai, Kazuaki AU - Tyurin, Vladimir A AU - Kommineni, Choudari AU - Castranova, Vincent AU - Fabisiak, James P AU - Kagan, Valerian E AD - Health Effects Laboratory Division, Pathology and Physiology Research Branch, NIOSH, Morgantown, West Virginia 26505, USA. ats1@cdc.gov Y1 - 2002/06// PY - 2002 DA - June 2002 SP - 1008 EP - 1018 VL - 118 IS - 6 SN - 0022-202X, 0022-202X KW - Benzene Derivatives KW - 0 KW - Fatty Acids, Unsaturated KW - Fluorescent Dyes KW - Oxidants KW - Peroxides KW - Phosphatidylcholines KW - Phosphatidylserines KW - Sulfhydryl Compounds KW - 1-palmitoyl-2-parinaroylphosphatidylcholine KW - 82188-63-4 KW - CASP3 protein, human KW - EC 3.4.22.- KW - Caspase 3 KW - Caspases KW - Glutathione KW - GAN16C9B8O KW - cumene hydroperoxide KW - PG7JD54X4I KW - parinaric acid KW - PK8M3ENX8C KW - Index Medicus KW - Sulfhydryl Compounds -- metabolism KW - Humans KW - Apoptosis -- physiology KW - Epidermis -- cytology KW - Glutathione -- metabolism KW - Caspases -- metabolism KW - Oxidative Stress -- physiology KW - Cell Survival -- drug effects KW - Cells, Cultured KW - Adult KW - Apoptosis -- drug effects KW - Oxidative Stress -- drug effects KW - Microscopy, Electron KW - Cell Survival -- physiology KW - Benzene Derivatives -- pharmacology KW - Peroxides -- metabolism KW - Oxidants -- pharmacology KW - Phosphatidylserines -- metabolism KW - Keratinocytes -- ultrastructure KW - Keratinocytes -- metabolism UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/71806591?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Journal+of+investigative+dermatology&rft.atitle=Selective+peroxidation+and+externalization+of+phosphatidylserine+in+normal+human+epidermal+keratinocytes+during+oxidative+stress+induced+by+cumene+hydroperoxide.&rft.au=Shvedova%2C+Anna+A%3BTyurina%2C+Julia+Y%3BKawai%2C+Kazuaki%3BTyurin%2C+Vladimir+A%3BKommineni%2C+Choudari%3BCastranova%2C+Vincent%3BFabisiak%2C+James+P%3BKagan%2C+Valerian+E&rft.aulast=Shvedova&rft.aufirst=Anna&rft.date=2002-06-01&rft.volume=118&rft.issue=6&rft.spage=1008&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=The+Journal+of+investigative+dermatology&rft.issn=0022202X&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 2002-08-02 N1 - Date created - 2002-06-12 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Lead poisoning among young children in Russia: concurrent evaluation of childhood lead exposure in Ekaterinburg, Krasnouralsk, and Volgograd. AN - 71800369; 12055045 AB - The Gore-Chernomyrdin Commission encouraged a binational collaboration to evaluate pediatric lead poisoning in Russia. The study evaluated children in three Russian cities: Krasnouralsk, a small city with minimal traffic centered around a copper smelter; and Ekaterinburg and Volgograd, both of which are large cities with multiple factories and heavy vehicular traffic. This project was the first international use of portable blood lead analysis instruments. In each city, at least 90% of children attending selected neighborhood kindergartens participated. We selected kindergartens on the basis of their proximity to industrial areas and major traffic corridors. We obtained capillary blood samples and analyzed for lead content and hemoglobin (Hgb) levels in the field, and collected environmental samples (i.e., indoor dust, tap water, play area soil, and interior and exterior paint) and analyzed for each participating school and in the homes of about 10% of the children who had elevated blood lead levels (BLLs; greater than or equal to 10 microg/dL). We calculated all age-, sex-, and city-specific geometric means using generalized estimating equations to account for covariance within kindergartens, and used multivariate logistic regression models to identify variables predictive of elevated BLLs. Overall, 23% of study children had elevated BLLs and 2% were anemic, defined as Hgb < 11 g/dL. Krasnouralsk had the highest geometric mean BLL (10.7 microg/dL), the highest percentage of children (60%) with elevated BLLs, and the highest percentage of anemic children (4%). All soil samples in Krasnouralsk had detectable lead levels. Volgograd was the only city that had paint samples with elevated lead levels. We found apparent city-specific differences in the percentages of children with elevated BLLs. Lead-contaminated soil and dust, which can result from lead-based automotive fuel and from lead-related industrial emissions, appear to be the most important routes of lead exposure of those evaluated in this study. Elevated lead levels found in paint samples from Volgograd may indicate old undercoats of lead-based paint that could represent a regionally rather than nationally important source of exposure. JF - Environmental health perspectives AU - Rubin, Carol H AU - Esteban, Emilio AU - Reissman, Dori B AU - Daley, W Randolph AU - Noonan, Gary P AU - Karpati, Adam AU - Gurvitch, Elena AU - Kuzmin, Sergio V AU - Privalova, Larissa I AU - Zukov, Alexander AU - Zlepko, Alexander AD - Health Studies Branch, Division of Environmental Hazards and Health Effects, National Center for Environmental Health, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia 30333, USA. CRubin@cdc.gov Y1 - 2002/06// PY - 2002 DA - June 2002 SP - 559 EP - 562 VL - 110 IS - 6 SN - 0091-6765, 0091-6765 KW - Vehicle Emissions KW - 0 KW - Index Medicus KW - Infant KW - Epidemiologic Studies KW - Anemia -- epidemiology KW - Humans KW - Paint KW - Child KW - Anemia -- etiology KW - Male KW - Female KW - Russia -- epidemiology KW - Child, Preschool KW - Environmental Exposure KW - Lead Poisoning -- epidemiology KW - Lead Poisoning -- etiology KW - Vehicle Emissions -- adverse effects UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/71800369?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Environmental+health+perspectives&rft.atitle=Lead+poisoning+among+young+children+in+Russia%3A+concurrent+evaluation+of+childhood+lead+exposure+in+Ekaterinburg%2C+Krasnouralsk%2C+and+Volgograd.&rft.au=Rubin%2C+Carol+H%3BEsteban%2C+Emilio%3BReissman%2C+Dori+B%3BDaley%2C+W+Randolph%3BNoonan%2C+Gary+P%3BKarpati%2C+Adam%3BGurvitch%2C+Elena%3BKuzmin%2C+Sergio+V%3BPrivalova%2C+Larissa+I%3BZukov%2C+Alexander%3BZlepko%2C+Alexander&rft.aulast=Rubin&rft.aufirst=Carol&rft.date=2002-06-01&rft.volume=110&rft.issue=6&rft.spage=559&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Environmental+health+perspectives&rft.issn=00916765&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 2002-07-23 N1 - Date created - 2002-06-10 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - SuppNotes - Cited By: Analyst. 1987 Dec;112(12):1701-4 [3445938] JAMA. 1994 May 4;271(17):1346-8 [8158820] JAMA. 1994 Jul 27;272(4):284-91 [8028141] Pediatrics. 1994 Aug;94(2 Pt 1):174-9 [8036069] Clin Chem. 1997 Feb;43(2):302-11 [9023133] Science. 1998 Sep 11;281(5383):1617-8 [9767027] Comment In: Environ Health Perspect. 2002 Jun;110(6):A310 [12087985] N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Contraception for women in selected circumstances. AN - 71799590; 12052606 AB - To review new evidence regarding ten controversial issues in the use of contraceptive methods among women with special conditions and to present World Health Organization recommendations derived in part from this evidence. We searched MEDLINE and PREMEDLINE databases for English-language articles, published between January 1995 and December 2001, for evidence relevant to ten key contraceptive method and condition combinations: combined oral contraceptive (OC) use among women with hypertension or headaches, combined OC use for emergency contraception and adverse events, progestogen-only contraception use among young women and among breast-feeding women, tubal sterilization among young women, hormonal contraception and intrauterine device use among women who are human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) positive, have AIDS, or are at high risk of HIV infection. Search terms included: "contraception," "contraceptives, oral," "progestational hormones," "medroxyprogesterone-17 acetate," "norethindrone," "levonorgestrel," "Norplant," "contraceptives, postcoital," "sterilization, tubal," "intrauterine devices," "hypertension," "stroke," "myocardial infarction," "thrombosis," "headache," "migraine," "adverse effects," "bone mineral density," "breast-feeding," "lactation," "age factors," "regret," and "HIV." From 205 articles, we identified 33 studies published in peer-reviewed journals that specifically examined risks of contraceptive use among women with pre-existing conditions. Combined OC users with hypertension appear to be at increased risk of myocardial infarction and stroke relative to users without hypertension. Combined OC users with migraine appear to be at increased risk of stroke relative to nonusers with migraine. The evidence for the other eight method and condition combinations was either insufficient to draw conclusions or identified no excess risk. Of ten contraceptive method and condition combinations assessed, the evidence supported an increased risk of cardiovascular complications with combined OC use by women with hypertension or migraine. As new evidence becomes available, assessment of risk and recommendations for use of contraceptive methods can be revised accordingly. JF - Obstetrics and gynecology AU - Curtis, Kathryn M AU - Chrisman, Camaryn E AU - Peterson, Herbert B AU - WHO Programme for Mapping Best Practices in Reproductive Health AD - World Health Organization Collaborating Center in Reproductive Health, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia 30341, USA. kmc6@cdc.gov ; WHO Programme for Mapping Best Practices in Reproductive Health Y1 - 2002/06// PY - 2002 DA - June 2002 SP - 1100 EP - 1112 VL - 99 IS - 6 SN - 0029-7844, 0029-7844 KW - Contraceptives, Oral KW - 0 KW - Contraceptives, Oral, Combined KW - Contraceptives, Postcoital KW - Progestins KW - Abridged Index Medicus KW - Index Medicus KW - Evidence-Based Medicine KW - HIV Infections KW - Risk Factors KW - Humans KW - Stroke KW - Headache KW - Contraceptives, Oral, Combined -- adverse effects KW - Myocardial Infarction KW - Female KW - Lactation KW - Hypertension KW - Contraceptives, Oral -- adverse effects KW - Progestins -- adverse effects KW - Contraceptives, Postcoital -- adverse effects KW - Cardiovascular Diseases -- chemically induced UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/71799590?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Obstetrics+and+gynecology&rft.atitle=Contraception+for+women+in+selected+circumstances.&rft.au=Curtis%2C+Kathryn+M%3BChrisman%2C+Camaryn+E%3BPeterson%2C+Herbert+B%3BWHO+Programme+for+Mapping+Best+Practices+in+Reproductive+Health&rft.aulast=Curtis&rft.aufirst=Kathryn&rft.date=2002-06-01&rft.volume=99&rft.issue=6&rft.spage=1100&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Obstetrics+and+gynecology&rft.issn=00297844&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 2002-06-21 N1 - Date created - 2002-06-07 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Higher viral loads and other risk factors associated with HIV-1 seroconversion during a period of high incidence among injection drug users in Bangkok. AN - 71782123; 12045687 AB - We analyzed data from a prospective cohort study of injection drug users (IDUs) attending methadone treatment clinics in Bangkok, Thailand, during 1995-1998 to characterize factors associated with a period of high incidence (PHI) from July 1996 through January 1997 compared with periods of lower incidence. Sociobehavioral characteristics were similar for all participants during and outside the PHI except for the following: there was more reported drug injection while IDUs were incarcerated during the PHI (odds ratio, 1.67; p =.02) and significantly higher proportions of persons reported heroin injection (91% vs. 75%, respectively; p =.02) and higher frequencies of daily injection and sharing of injection equipment (40% vs. 25%, respectively; p =.05) during the PHI than outside the PHI. Through most of the first year after seroconversion, plasma HIV-1 loads were significantly higher in persons who seroconverted during the PHI than in those who seroconverted outside the PHI. Higher viral loads may potentially contribute to faster disease progression and increased infectiousness or transmissibility to subsequent contacts. Our findings suggest that prevention efforts to reduce the effective size and turnover within IDU sharing networks may have a significant impact on the epidemic by disrupting the rapid transmission of HIV-1 from recently infected, highly infectious individuals. JF - Journal of acquired immune deficiency syndromes (1999) AU - Hu, Dale J AU - Subbarao, Shambavi AU - Vanichseni, Suphak AU - Mock, Philip A AU - van Griensven, Frits AU - Nelson, Robert AU - Nguyen, Lily AU - Kitayaporn, Dwip AU - Young, Nancy L AU - Des Jarlais, Don AU - Byers, Robert AU - Choopanya, Kachit AU - Mastro, Timothy D AD - HIV Vaccine Section Epidemiology Branch/DHAP, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia 30333, USA. djh9@cdc.gov Y1 - 2002/06/01/ PY - 2002 DA - 2002 Jun 01 SP - 240 EP - 247 VL - 30 IS - 2 SN - 1525-4135, 1525-4135 KW - HIV Antibodies KW - 0 KW - Index Medicus KW - AIDS/HIV KW - Prospective Studies KW - HIV Seropositivity KW - Thailand KW - Risk Factors KW - Humans KW - Cohort Studies KW - Adult KW - Incidence KW - Male KW - Viral Load KW - HIV-1 -- immunology KW - HIV Infections -- virology KW - HIV Antibodies -- blood KW - HIV Infections -- immunology KW - HIV-1 -- physiology KW - Substance Abuse, Intravenous -- complications KW - HIV Infections -- epidemiology KW - HIV Infections -- diagnosis UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/71782123?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+acquired+immune+deficiency+syndromes+%281999%29&rft.atitle=Higher+viral+loads+and+other+risk+factors+associated+with+HIV-1+seroconversion+during+a+period+of+high+incidence+among+injection+drug+users+in+Bangkok.&rft.au=Hu%2C+Dale+J%3BSubbarao%2C+Shambavi%3BVanichseni%2C+Suphak%3BMock%2C+Philip+A%3Bvan+Griensven%2C+Frits%3BNelson%2C+Robert%3BNguyen%2C+Lily%3BKitayaporn%2C+Dwip%3BYoung%2C+Nancy+L%3BDes+Jarlais%2C+Don%3BByers%2C+Robert%3BChoopanya%2C+Kachit%3BMastro%2C+Timothy+D&rft.aulast=Hu&rft.aufirst=Dale&rft.date=2002-06-01&rft.volume=30&rft.issue=2&rft.spage=240&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+acquired+immune+deficiency+syndromes+%281999%29&rft.issn=15254135&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 2002-07-11 N1 - Date created - 2002-06-04 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Designing and Conducting Participatory Outcome Evaluation of Community-Based Organizations' HIV Prevention Programs AN - 61330328; 200301172 AB - With the increasing emphasis on evaluating the effectiveness of community-based organizations' HIV prevention programs, the needs, concerns, & strategies related to having stakeholders participate in designing & conducting an outcome evaluation need to be discussed. Stakeholders' participation in outcome evaluation ensures its relevancy & fairness. Participatory outcome evaluation starts with assessing the feasibility of conducting an outcome evaluation & determining whether stakeholders have a need for it. If an outcome evaluation is possible & needed, the areas in which stakeholders can make important contributions to the evaluation are negotiated with the stakeholders. The article also discusses strategies to improve stakeholders' use of the results of outcome evaluation. 1 Figure, 14 References. Adapted from the source document. JF - AIDS Education and Prevention AU - Chen, Huey-tsyh AD - Centers Disease Control & Prevention, Atlanta, GA HBC2@cdc.gov Y1 - 2002/06// PY - 2002 DA - June 2002 SP - 18 EP - 26 VL - 14 IS - supplement A SN - 0899-9546, 0899-9546 KW - Prevention KW - Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndrome KW - Community Services KW - Program Evaluation KW - Community Involvement KW - Health Education KW - Community Organizations KW - article KW - 6126: acquired immune deficiency syndrome (AIDS) KW - 6124: health care promotion/education UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/61330328?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Asocialservices&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=AIDS+Education+and+Prevention&rft.atitle=Designing+and+Conducting+Participatory+Outcome+Evaluation+of+Community-Based+Organizations%27+HIV+Prevention+Programs&rft.au=Chen%2C+Huey-tsyh&rft.aulast=Chen&rft.aufirst=Huey-tsyh&rft.date=2002-06-01&rft.volume=14&rft.issue=supplement+A&rft.spage=18&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=AIDS+Education+and+Prevention&rft.issn=08999546&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - Social Services Abstracts N1 - Date revised - 2007-10-30 N1 - Last updated - 2016-09-28 N1 - CODEN - AEPREO N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Program Evaluation; Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndrome; Community Organizations; Community Involvement; Prevention; Health Education; Community Services ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Factors Affecting the Delivery of HIV/AIDS Prevention Programs by Community-Based Organizations AN - 61305555; 200301173 AB - Community-based organizations (CBOs) play a frontline role in HIV/AIDS prevention activities. They face formidable challenges to effective delivery of HIV prevention services, including client characteristics such as homelessness & CBO characteristics such as limited resources & staff turnover. Despite these obstacles, CBOs are generally well positioned to deliver services to specific high-risk populations because they understand their local communities & are connected to the groups they serve. This qualitative study illustrates that structural, sociocultural, organizational, & individual client factors both facilitate & act as barriers to delivery of HIV prevention services. These challenges & successes help identify critical technical assistance needs. 1 Table, 34 References. Adapted from the source document. JF - AIDS Education and Prevention AU - Chillag, Kata AU - Bartholow, Kelly AU - Cordeiro, Janna AU - Swanson, Sue AU - Patterson, Jocelyn AU - Stebbins, Selby AU - Woodside, Carol AU - Sy, Francisco AD - Division HIV/AIDS Prevention-Surveillance & Epidemiology, Centers Disease Control & Prevention, Atlanta, GA kchillag@cdc.gov Y1 - 2002/06// PY - 2002 DA - June 2002 SP - 27 EP - 37 VL - 14 IS - supplement A SN - 0899-9546, 0899-9546 KW - Prevention KW - Program Implementation KW - Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndrome KW - Delivery Systems KW - Community Services KW - Health Education KW - Community Organizations KW - article KW - 6126: acquired immune deficiency syndrome (AIDS) KW - 6124: health care promotion/education UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/61305555?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Asocialservices&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=AIDS+Education+and+Prevention&rft.atitle=Factors+Affecting+the+Delivery+of+HIV%2FAIDS+Prevention+Programs+by+Community-Based+Organizations&rft.au=Chillag%2C+Kata%3BBartholow%2C+Kelly%3BCordeiro%2C+Janna%3BSwanson%2C+Sue%3BPatterson%2C+Jocelyn%3BStebbins%2C+Selby%3BWoodside%2C+Carol%3BSy%2C+Francisco&rft.aulast=Chillag&rft.aufirst=Kata&rft.date=2002-06-01&rft.volume=14&rft.issue=supplement+A&rft.spage=27&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=AIDS+Education+and+Prevention&rft.issn=08999546&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - Social Services Abstracts N1 - Date revised - 2007-10-30 N1 - Last updated - 2016-09-28 N1 - CODEN - AEPREO N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndrome; Delivery Systems; Program Implementation; Community Organizations; Prevention; Health Education; Community Services ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Condom Use among Vocational School Students in Chiang Rai, Thailand AN - 61303092; 200301182 AB - Condom use & its psychosocial correlates were investigated in a sample of 1,725 male & female vocational students (ages 15-21) in northern Thailand. Consistent condom use was relatively infrequent with all partner types (8.0% with recent steady partners, 28.5% with casual partners, & 30.7% with commercial sex partners), & only 24.3% reported condom use at first sex. These findings suggest that condom use, even with commercial partners, is not becoming widely established in the younger generation of Thai youths. Condom use with commercial partners was far below goals established by Thailand's 100% Condom Campaign, which was particularly significant for a population in Thailand's HIV epicenter. Consistent condom use with a steady partner was significantly related to condom use during first sex, which suggests the importance of establishing a "condom habit." Consistent condom use with casual partners was related to never having been pregnant (self or partner). Having used condoms at first sex also was associated with never having been pregnant (self or partner), as well as with a number of background social & psychological factors. Intentions to use condom were highly related to peer norms. Results suggest the importance of addressing peer norms concerning condom use, as well as the role of condoms in effective birth control. 5 Tables, 39 References. Adapted from the source document. JF - AIDS Education and Prevention AU - Jenkins, Richard A AU - Manopaiboon, Chomnad AU - Samuel, Alex P AU - Jeeyapant, Supaporn AU - Carey, James W AU - Kilmarx, Peter H AU - Uthaivoravit, Wat AU - van Griensven, Frits AD - c/o Manopaiboon -- Thailand MOPH-US CDC Collaboration, Ministry Public Health, Nonthaburi Y1 - 2002/06// PY - 2002 DA - June 2002 SP - 228 EP - 245 VL - 14 IS - 3 SN - 0899-9546, 0899-9546 KW - Condoms KW - Sexual Behavior KW - Prevention KW - Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndrome KW - Thailand KW - Peer Influence KW - Health Education KW - Youth KW - article KW - 6126: acquired immune deficiency syndrome (AIDS) UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/61303092?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Asocialservices&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=AIDS+Education+and+Prevention&rft.atitle=Condom+Use+among+Vocational+School+Students+in+Chiang+Rai%2C+Thailand&rft.au=Jenkins%2C+Richard+A%3BManopaiboon%2C+Chomnad%3BSamuel%2C+Alex+P%3BJeeyapant%2C+Supaporn%3BCarey%2C+James+W%3BKilmarx%2C+Peter+H%3BUthaivoravit%2C+Wat%3Bvan+Griensven%2C+Frits&rft.aulast=Jenkins&rft.aufirst=Richard&rft.date=2002-06-01&rft.volume=14&rft.issue=3&rft.spage=228&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=AIDS+Education+and+Prevention&rft.issn=08999546&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - Social Services Abstracts N1 - Date revised - 2007-10-30 N1 - Last updated - 2016-09-28 N1 - CODEN - AEPREO N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Condoms; Sexual Behavior; Thailand; Youth; Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndrome; Health Education; Prevention; Peer Influence ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Attitudes toward Wife Rape: Effects of Social Background and Victim Status AN - 60471637; 200304896 AB - The current literature on wife rape is minimal compared to the published research in areas such as wife battering or date rape, & most of the existent work on attitudes toward wife rape is dated &/or focuses on limited samples (ie, college populations). Using data from a nationally representative telephone survey, this study examined national attitudes toward wife rape using the following measures: perceptions of the occurrence of wife rape, perceptions of the frequency of wife rape, & perceptions of three rape scenarios. Respondent sex, education, age, race, & female victim status were predictors. Findings reveal that older, nonwhite respondents were less likely to believe wife rape occurs. Males & the more educated were less likely to believe it occurs frequently. Older & less-educated respondents were less likely to believe forced sex scenarios between a husband & wife constitute wife rape. Among women, nonvictims of forced sex were significantly less likely than current victims to believe that wife rape occurs. 7 Tables, 39 References. Adapted from the source document. JF - Violence and Victims AU - Basile, Kathleen C AD - Division Violence Prevention, Centers Disease Control & Prevention, Atlanta, GA kbasile@cdc.gov Y1 - 2002/06// PY - 2002 DA - June 2002 SP - 341 EP - 354 VL - 17 IS - 3 SN - 0886-6708, 0886-6708 KW - Husbands KW - Marital Relations KW - Rape KW - Wives KW - Social Attitudes KW - Social Change KW - article KW - 2190: social problems and social welfare; victimology (rape, family violence, & child abuse) UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/60471637?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Asocabs&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Violence+and+Victims&rft.atitle=Attitudes+toward+Wife+Rape%3A+Effects+of+Social+Background+and+Victim+Status&rft.au=Basile%2C+Kathleen+C&rft.aulast=Basile&rft.aufirst=Kathleen&rft.date=2002-06-01&rft.volume=17&rft.issue=3&rft.spage=341&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Violence+and+Victims&rft.issn=08866708&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - Sociological Abstracts N1 - Date revised - 2007-04-01 N1 - Last updated - 2016-09-28 N1 - CODEN - VIOVEI N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Rape; Wives; Marital Relations; Husbands; Social Attitudes; Social Change ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Association between state level drinking and driving countermeasures and self reported alcohol impaired driving AN - 18493891; 5456439 AB - In 1999, alcohol related motor vehicle crashes in the United States claimed 15 786 lives and injured more than 300 000 persons. Drinking and driving behavior is shaped by individual and environmental level influences. In this study, the association between each state's driving under the influence of alcohol (DUI) countermeasures and self reported alcohol impaired driving was explored. Mothers Against Drunk Driving's (MADD's) Rating the States 2000 survey, which graded states on their DUI countermeasures from 1996-99, was used as an index of each state's comprehensive DUI prevention activities. Information on alcohol impaired driving from residents of each state was obtained from the 1997 Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System (BRFSS) survey. The association between the MADD state grades and alcohol impaired driving was assessed using multiple logistic regression. Of the 64 162 BRFSS respondents who reported drinking any alcohol during the past month, 2.1% of women and 5.8% of men reported at least one episode of alcohol impaired driving in the past month. Those living in states with a MADD grade of "D" were 60% more likely to report alcohol impaired driving than those from states with a MADD grade of "A" (odds ratio 1.6, 95% confidence interval 1.3 to 2.1). The association existed for men and women. These findings suggest that stronger state level DUI countermeasures are associated with lower rates of self reported alcohol impaired driving. JF - Injury Prevention AU - Shults, R A AU - Sleet, DA AU - Elder, R W AU - Ryan, G W AU - Sehgal, M AD - National Center for Injury Prevention and Control, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), 4770 Buford Highway, NE, MS K-63, Atlanta, GA 30341-3724, USA, ras1@cdc.gov Y1 - 2002/06// PY - 2002 DA - Jun 2002 SP - 106 EP - 110 VL - 8 IS - 2 SN - 1353-8047, 1353-8047 KW - driving ability KW - traffic safety KW - Health & Safety Science Abstracts KW - H 2000:Transportation UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/18493891?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Ahealthsafetyabstracts&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Injury+Prevention&rft.atitle=Association+between+state+level+drinking+and+driving+countermeasures+and+self+reported+alcohol+impaired+driving&rft.au=Shults%2C+R+A%3BSleet%2C+DA%3BElder%2C+R+W%3BRyan%2C+G+W%3BSehgal%2C+M&rft.aulast=Shults&rft.aufirst=R&rft.date=2002-06-01&rft.volume=8&rft.issue=2&rft.spage=106&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Injury+Prevention&rft.issn=13538047&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - A Prospective, Randomized, Double-Blind Study of the Tolerability of Rifapentine 600, 900, and 1,200 mg Plus Isoniazid in the Continuation Phase of Tuberculosis Treatment AN - 18477453; 5438157 AB - Once-weekly rifapentine 600 mg plus isoniazid (INH) during the continuation phase treatment of tuberculosis is associated with a relapse rate higher than that of twice-weekly rifampin plus INH. The safety and tolerability of higher rifapentine doses need to be determined. We conducted a prospective, randomized, double-blind trial of rifapentine at three doses (600, 900, and 1,200 mg) plus INH 15 mg/kg once weekly in the continuation phase treatment of culture-positive tuberculosis in 150 human immunodeficiency virus-seronegative adults. Outcome measures were discontinuation of therapy for any reason and adverse events on therapy. Treatment was discontinued in 3 of 52 (6%), 2 of 51 (4%), and 3 of 47 (6%) in the rifapentine 600-, 900-, and 1,200-mg treatment arms, respectively. Only one discontinuation, in the rifapentine 1,200-mg arm, was due to an adverse event possibly associated with study therapy. There was a trend toward more adverse events, possibly associated with study therapy, in the highest-dose arms (p = 0.051). Rifapentine 900-mg, once-weekly dosing appears to be safe and well tolerated and is being evaluated in Phase III efficacy trials of treatment of latent tuberculosis. Further evaluation of the safety and tolerability of rifapentine 1,200 mg is warranted. JF - American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine AU - Bock, N N AU - Sterling, T R AU - Hamilton, C D AU - Pachucki, C AU - Wang, Yong-Cheng AU - Conwell, D S AU - Mosher, A AU - Samuels, M AU - Vernon, A AD - Division of TB Elimination, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, 1600 Clifton Road, Mailstop E-10, Atlanta, GA 30030, USA, neb2@cdc.gov Y1 - 2002/06/01/ PY - 2002 DA - 2002 Jun 01 SP - 1526 EP - 1530 VL - 165 IS - 11 SN - 1073-449X, 1073-449X KW - Isoniazid KW - Rifapentine KW - man KW - Microbiology Abstracts B: Bacteriology KW - J 02812:Antibacterial Agents: Others UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/18477453?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologyb&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=American+Journal+of+Respiratory+and+Critical+Care+Medicine&rft.atitle=A+Prospective%2C+Randomized%2C+Double-Blind+Study+of+the+Tolerability+of+Rifapentine+600%2C+900%2C+and+1%2C200+mg+Plus+Isoniazid+in+the+Continuation+Phase+of+Tuberculosis+Treatment&rft.au=Bock%2C+N+N%3BSterling%2C+T+R%3BHamilton%2C+C+D%3BPachucki%2C+C%3BWang%2C+Yong-Cheng%3BConwell%2C+D+S%3BMosher%2C+A%3BSamuels%2C+M%3BVernon%2C+A&rft.aulast=Bock&rft.aufirst=N&rft.date=2002-06-01&rft.volume=165&rft.issue=11&rft.spage=1526&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=American+Journal+of+Respiratory+and+Critical+Care+Medicine&rft.issn=1073449X&rft_id=info:doi/10.1164%2Frccm.200201-047OC LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1164/rccm.200201-047OC ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Occupational Exposures and Risk of Hepatitis B Virus Infection Among Public Safety Workers AN - 18476344; 5445360 AB - We conducted a questionnaire and seroprevalence survey to determine the frequency and type of occupational exposures (OEs) and the risk of hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection experienced by public safety workers (PSWs). Of the 2910 PSWs who completed the survey, 6.8% reported at least one OE in the previous 6 months, including needlestick (1.0%), being cut with a contaminated object (2.8%), mucous membrane exposure to blood (0.9%), and being bitten by a human (3.5%). The rate of OE varied by occupation with 2.7% of firefighters, 3.2% of sheriff officers, 6.6% of corrections officers, and 7.4% of police officers reporting greater than or equal to 1 OE (P < 0.001). The HBV infection prevalence was 8.6%, and after adjustment for age and race, it was comparable to the overall US prevalence and did not vary by occupation. By multivariate analysis, HBV infection was not associated with any OEs, but it was associated with older age, being nonwhite, and a previous history of a sexually transmitted disease. This study demonstrated that although OEs are not uncommon among PSWs, HBV infection was more likely to be associated with nonoccupational risk factors. Administration of hepatitis B vaccine to PSWs early in their careers will prevent HBV infection associated with occupational and non-OEs. JF - Journal of Occupational and Environmental Medicine AU - Averhoff, F M AU - Moyer, LA AU - Woodruff, BA AU - Deladisma, A M AU - Nunnery, J AU - Alter, MJ AU - Margolis, H S AD - CDC, American Embassy Jakarta, Unit 8129-CDC, FPO AP 96520-8129, averhoff@who.or.id Y1 - 2002/06// PY - 2002 DA - Jun 2002 SP - 591 EP - 596 VL - 44 IS - 6 SN - 1076-2752, 1076-2752 KW - disease control KW - hepatitis B KW - prevention KW - public safety workers KW - vaccines KW - Health & Safety Science Abstracts; Risk Abstracts KW - R2 23080:Industrial and labor KW - H 1000:Occupational Safety and Health UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/18476344?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Ariskabstracts&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Occupational+and+Environmental+Medicine&rft.atitle=Occupational+Exposures+and+Risk+of+Hepatitis+B+Virus+Infection+Among+Public+Safety+Workers&rft.au=Averhoff%2C+F+M%3BMoyer%2C+LA%3BWoodruff%2C+BA%3BDeladisma%2C+A+M%3BNunnery%2C+J%3BAlter%2C+MJ%3BMargolis%2C+H+S&rft.aulast=Averhoff&rft.aufirst=F&rft.date=2002-06-01&rft.volume=44&rft.issue=6&rft.spage=591&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+Occupational+and+Environmental+Medicine&rft.issn=10762752&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Prevalence and Risk Factors of Occupational Asthma Among Hairdressers in Turkey AN - 18472288; 5445359 AB - This study was designed to evaluate the questionnaire-based prevalence and possible risk factors of occupational asthma among hairdressers in Turkey. We investigated occupational history and respiratory, ocular, dermal, and nasal symptoms using a standardized questionnaire, evaluated worksite pulmonary function tests, and performed allergen skin testing. We then determined asthma risk factors using age-and gender-adjusted logistic regression models. The prevalence of occupational asthma in hairdressers was 14.6%. The odds ratio for hairdressers in a high work intensity group was 3.6 (95% confidence interval, 1.2 to 10.9) with a significant dose-response trend ( chi super(2)b sub(trend) = 4.875; P = 0.027). The odds ratio for occupational asthma among workers with atopy was 4.5 (95% confidence interval, 1.2 to 17.2). We also observed an excess risk of occupational asthma with allergic rhinitis and conjunctivitis. Occupational asthma did not differ among subgroups of hairdressers. We observed an important risk of occupational asthma among hairdressers. The most prominent risk factors were work intensity and atopy. JF - Journal of Occupational and Environmental Medicine AU - Akpinar-Elci, M AU - Cimrin, AH AU - Elci, O C AD - NIOSH Division of Respiratory Diseases Studies, Field Studies Branch MS H-2800, 1095 Willowdale Road, Morgantown, WV 26505, USA, mra@cdc.gov Y1 - 2002/06// PY - 2002 DA - Jun 2002 SP - 585 EP - 590 VL - 44 IS - 6 SN - 1076-2752, 1076-2752 KW - conjunctivitis KW - cosmetologists KW - hairdressers KW - man KW - prevalence KW - rhinitis KW - Risk Abstracts; Health & Safety Science Abstracts; Toxicology Abstracts KW - R2 23080:Industrial and labor KW - H 1000:Occupational Safety and Health KW - X 24152:Chronic exposure UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/18472288?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Ariskabstracts&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Occupational+and+Environmental+Medicine&rft.atitle=Prevalence+and+Risk+Factors+of+Occupational+Asthma+Among+Hairdressers+in+Turkey&rft.au=Akpinar-Elci%2C+M%3BCimrin%2C+AH%3BElci%2C+O+C&rft.aulast=Akpinar-Elci&rft.aufirst=M&rft.date=2002-06-01&rft.volume=44&rft.issue=6&rft.spage=585&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+Occupational+and+Environmental+Medicine&rft.issn=10762752&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Exposure to Secondhand Smoke in the Workplace: Serum Cotinine by Occupation AN - 18471330; 5445351 AB - To examine workplace exposure to secondhand smoke by occupation, we analyzed data from The Third National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES III) (1988 to 1994), a nationally representative sample of the noninstitutionalized population. The analysis was restricted to 4952 employed nonsmoking adults who reported no home exposure to cigarette smoke. Occupations were assigned to 40 groups and 7 categories. Among the categories, geometric mean serum cotinine (ng/mL) ranged from 0.09 for farming/forestry/fishing occupations to 0.22 for operators/fabricators/laborers (median, 0.16). The lowest values were observed among farmers and nursery workers (0.06) and the highest among waiters (0.47). Between 1988 to 1991 and 1991 to 1994, the overall geometric mean cotinine and the proportion reporting that they could smell smoke at work decreased significantly. In conclusion, workplace exposure to secondhand smoke varied by occupation, and decreases in exposure occurred between 1988 to 1991 and 1991 to 1994. JF - Journal of Occupational and Environmental Medicine AU - Wortley, P M AU - Caraballo, R S AU - Pederson, L L AU - Pechacek, T F AD - Office on Smoking and Health, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, 4770 Buford Highway, N.E. MS-K50, Atlanta, GA 30341-3717, USA, pmw1@cdc.gov Y1 - 2002/06// PY - 2002 DA - Jun 2002 SP - 503 EP - 509 VL - 44 IS - 6 SN - 1076-2752, 1076-2752 KW - man KW - Health & Safety Science Abstracts; Pollution Abstracts; Toxicology Abstracts KW - H 1000:Occupational Safety and Health KW - X 24180:Social poisons & drug abuse KW - P 6000:TOXICOLOGY AND HEALTH UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/18471330?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxicologyabstracts&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Occupational+and+Environmental+Medicine&rft.atitle=Exposure+to+Secondhand+Smoke+in+the+Workplace%3A+Serum+Cotinine+by+Occupation&rft.au=Wortley%2C+P+M%3BCaraballo%2C+R+S%3BPederson%2C+L+L%3BPechacek%2C+T+F&rft.aulast=Wortley&rft.aufirst=P&rft.date=2002-06-01&rft.volume=44&rft.issue=6&rft.spage=503&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+Occupational+and+Environmental+Medicine&rft.issn=10762752&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Antimicrobial Susceptibility Testing of Bacillus anthracis: Comparison of Results Obtained by Using the National Committee for Clinical Laboratory Standards Broth Microdilution Reference and Etest Agar Gradient Diffusion Methods AN - 18466288; 5430938 AB - We determined the patterns of antimicrobial susceptibility of 65 isolates of Bacillus anthracis (50 historical and 15 recent U.S. clinical isolates) to nine antimicrobial agents using the National Committee for Clinical Laboratory Standards (NCCLS) broth microdilution reference method. The results for the 50 historical B. anthracis isolates obtained by the broth microdilution method were compared to those generated by the Etest agar gradient diffusion method. One isolate of B. anthracis was beta -lactamase positive and resistant to penicillin (MIC, 128 mu g/ml); a second isolate, which was beta -lactamase negative, was borderline penicillin resistant, with the penicillin MICs for the isolate varying from 0.12 to 0.25 mu g/ml; and the remainder of the isolates were beta - lactamase negative and penicillin susceptible (MICs, =16 mu g/ml). All B. anthracis isolates were susceptible to chloramphenicol (MICs, <8 mu g/ml), ciprofloxacin (MICs, < 1 mu g/ml), clindamycin (MICs, <0.5 mu g/ml), rifampin (MICs, <0.5 mu g/ml), tetracycline (MICs, <0.06 mu g/ml), and vancomycin (MICs, <2 mu g/ml) by use of NCCLS breakpoints for staphylococci. All 15 recent B. anthracis isolates from the United States were susceptible to penicillin, doxycycline, and ciprofloxacin. By use of the susceptibility breakpoint for staphylococci of <0.5 mu g/ml, 97% of the B. anthracis isolates tested would have been categorized as intermediate to erythromycin. No statistically significant difference was found between the results of broth microdilution testing and the results of the Etest method for any of the antimicrobial agents tested; however, the results for penicillin obtained by the Etest were 1 to 9 dilutions lower than those obtained by the broth microdilution method. The differences in the penicillin MICs by the Etest method and the difficulties of reading the Etest results through the glass of a biological safety cabinet may limit the utility of this alternate susceptibility testing method for B. anthracis isolates. JF - Journal of Clinical Microbiology AU - Mohammed, MJ AU - Marston, C K AU - Popovic, T AU - Weyant, R S AU - Tenover, F C AD - Division of Healthcare Quality Promotion (G08), Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, 1600 Clifton Rd., Atlanta, GA 30333., fnt1@cdc.gov Y1 - 2002/06// PY - 2002 DA - Jun 2002 SP - 1902 EP - 1907 VL - 40 IS - 6 SN - 0095-1137, 0095-1137 KW - penicillin KW - standardization KW - Microbiology Abstracts B: Bacteriology KW - J 02795:Antibiotic resistance UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/18466288?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologyb&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Clinical+Microbiology&rft.atitle=Antimicrobial+Susceptibility+Testing+of+Bacillus+anthracis%3A+Comparison+of+Results+Obtained+by+Using+the+National+Committee+for+Clinical+Laboratory+Standards+Broth+Microdilution+Reference+and+Etest+Agar+Gradient+Diffusion+Methods&rft.au=Mohammed%2C+MJ%3BMarston%2C+C+K%3BPopovic%2C+T%3BWeyant%2C+R+S%3BTenover%2C+F+C&rft.aulast=Mohammed&rft.aufirst=MJ&rft.date=2002-06-01&rft.volume=40&rft.issue=6&rft.spage=1902&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+Clinical+Microbiology&rft.issn=00951137&rft_id=info:doi/10.1128%2FJCM.40.6.1902-1907.2002 LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/JCM.40.6.1902-1907.2002 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Analytic Considerations for Measuring Environmental Chemicals in Breast Milk AN - 18463729; 5437005 AB - The presence of environmental chemicals in human breast milk is of general concern because of the potential health consequence of these chemicals to the breast-fed infant and the mother. In addition to the mother's exposure, several features determine the presence of environmental chemicals in breast milk and their ability to be determined analytically. These include maternal factors and properties of the environmental chemical--both physical and chemical--such as its lipid solubility, degree of ionization, and molecular weight. Environmental chemicals with high lipid solubility are likely to be found in breast milk; they include polyhalogenated compounds such as polychlorinated biphenyls, polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxins, polychlorinated dibenzofurans, organochlorine insecticides, and polybrominated diphenylethers. These fat-soluble chemicals are incorporated into the milk as it is synthesized, and they must be measured in accordance with the fat content of the milk to allow for meaningful comparisons within an individual and among populations. Although the analytic approach selected to measure the environmental chemical is predominantly determined by the characteristics of the chemical, the concentration of the chemical in the milk sample and the existence of structurally similar chemicals (e.g., congeners) must be considered as well. In general, the analytic approach for measuring environmental chemicals in breast milk is similar to the approach for measuring the same chemicals in other matrices, except special considerations must be given for the relatively high fat content of milk. The continued efforts of environmental scientists to measure environmental chemicals in breast milk is important for defining the true contribution of these chemicals to public health, especially to the health of the newborn. Work is needed for identifying and quantifying additional environmental chemicals in breast milk from the general population and for developing analytic methods that have increased sensitivity and the ability to speciate various chemicals. JF - Environmental Health Perspectives AU - Needham, L L AU - Wang, R Y AD - Toxicology Branch, Division of Laboratory Sciences, National Center for Environmental Health, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, 4770 Buford Highway (F-17), Atlanta, GA 30341-3724 USA, RYWang@cdc.gov Y1 - 2002/06// PY - 2002 DA - Jun 2002 SP - A317 EP - A324 VL - 110 IS - 6 SN - 0091-6765, 0091-6765 KW - man KW - Health & Safety Science Abstracts; Pollution Abstracts; Toxicology Abstracts KW - X 24240:Miscellaneous KW - H 14000:Toxicology KW - H 12000:Epidemiology and Public Health KW - P 6000:TOXICOLOGY AND HEALTH UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/18463729?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxicologyabstracts&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Environmental+Health+Perspectives&rft.atitle=Analytic+Considerations+for+Measuring+Environmental+Chemicals+in+Breast+Milk&rft.au=Needham%2C+L+L%3BWang%2C+R+Y&rft.aulast=Needham&rft.aufirst=L&rft.date=2002-06-01&rft.volume=110&rft.issue=6&rft.spage=A317&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Environmental+Health+Perspectives&rft.issn=00916765&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - TEM-71, a Novel Plasmid-Encoded, Extended-Spectrum beta -Lactamase Produced by a Clinical Isolate of Klebsiella pneumoniae AN - 18451946; 5424428 AB - TEM-71, a novel extended-spectrum beta -lactamase from a Klebsiella pneumoniae clinical isolate, had an isoelectric point of 6.0 and a substrate profile showing preferential hydrolysis of cefotaxime over ceftazidime. It differed from TEM-1 by two substitutions, Gly238Ser and Glu240Lys, and was under the control of the strong P4 promoter. JF - Antimicrobial Agents & Chemotherapy AU - Rasheed, J K AU - Anderson, G J AU - Queenan, A M AU - Biddle, J W AU - Oliver, A AU - Jacoby, G A AU - Bush, K AU - Tenover, F C AD - Anti-Infectives Section (G08), Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, 1600 Clifton Rd. N.E., Atlanta, GA 30333., Jkr1@cdc.gov Y1 - 2002/06// PY - 2002 DA - Jun 2002 SP - 2000 EP - 2003 VL - 46 IS - 6 SN - 0066-4804, 0066-4804 KW - Microbiology Abstracts B: Bacteriology KW - J 02795:Antibiotic resistance UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/18451946?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologyb&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Antimicrobial+Agents+%26+Chemotherapy&rft.atitle=TEM-71%2C+a+Novel+Plasmid-Encoded%2C+Extended-Spectrum+beta+-Lactamase+Produced+by+a+Clinical+Isolate+of+Klebsiella+pneumoniae&rft.au=Rasheed%2C+J+K%3BAnderson%2C+G+J%3BQueenan%2C+A+M%3BBiddle%2C+J+W%3BOliver%2C+A%3BJacoby%2C+G+A%3BBush%2C+K%3BTenover%2C+F+C&rft.aulast=Rasheed&rft.aufirst=J&rft.date=2002-06-01&rft.volume=46&rft.issue=6&rft.spage=2000&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Antimicrobial+Agents+%26+Chemotherapy&rft.issn=00664804&rft_id=info:doi/10.1128%2FAAC.46.6.2000-2003.2002 LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/AAC.46.6.2000-2003.2002 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Kinetics of changes in lymphocyte sub-populations in mouse lungs after intrapulmonary infection with M. bovis (Bacillus Calmette-Guerin) and identity of cells responsible for IFN gamma responses AN - 18434678; 5411479 AB - Gamma interferon (IFN gamma ) plays a key role in host defense against pulmonary mycobacterial infections. A variety of lymphocyte subsets may participate in producing pulmonary IFN gamma responses, but their relative contributions after mycobacterial infection have not been clearly elucidated. To address this question, C57Bl/6 female mice were infected by intrapulmonary instillation of 2.5 x 10 super(4) BCG (Mycobacterium bovis Bacillus Calmette-Guerin). Lymphocyte populations in lung interstitium were examined at different time points after the infection. BCG load in lungs peaked between 4 and 6 weeks post-infection and declined to very low levels by the 12th week of infection. Recovery of lung interstitial lymphocytes doubled by 4-6 weeks after infection and declined thereafter. Flow cytometric analysis of the lung-derived lymphocytes revealed that about 5% of the these cells made IFN gamma in control mice, and this baseline IFN gamma production involved T (CD3 super(+) NK1.1 super(-) ), NK (CD3 super(-) NK1.1 super(+) ) and NKT (CD3 super(+) NK1.1 super(+) ) cells. As the BCG lung infection peaked, the total number of CD3 super(+) T cells in the lungs increased threefold at 5-6 weeks post-infection. There was a marked increase (sixfold) in the number of T cells secreting IFN gamma 5-6 weeks post-infection. Some increase was also noted in the NKT cells making IFN gamma , but the numbers of NK cells making IFN gamma in BCG-infected lungs remained unaltered. Our results suggest that whereas NK and NKT cells contribute to baseline IFN gamma secretion in control lungs, expansion in the IFN gamma -producing T-cell population was essentially responsible for the augmented response seen in lungs of BCG-infected mice. JF - Clinical and Experimental Immunology AU - Saxena, R K AU - Weissman, D AU - Saxena, Q B AU - Simpson, J AU - Lewis, D M AD - Indian Council of Medical Research, New Delhi, India and Analytical Services Branch, HELD, National Institute of Occupational Safety and Health, Center of Disease Control and Prevention, Morgantown, WV, USA, dml1@cdc.gov Y1 - 2002/06// PY - 2002 DA - Jun 2002 SP - 405 EP - 410 PB - Blackwell Science Ltd VL - 128 IS - 3 SN - 0009-9104, 0009-9104 KW - C57Bl/6 mice KW - CD3 antigen KW - gamma -Interferon KW - infection KW - mice KW - Microbiology Abstracts B: Bacteriology; Immunology Abstracts KW - F 06801:Bacteria KW - J 02833:Immune response and immune mechanisms UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/18434678?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologyb&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Clinical+and+Experimental+Immunology&rft.atitle=Kinetics+of+changes+in+lymphocyte+sub-populations+in+mouse+lungs+after+intrapulmonary+infection+with+M.+bovis+%28Bacillus+Calmette-Guerin%29+and+identity+of+cells+responsible+for+IFN+gamma+responses&rft.au=Saxena%2C+R+K%3BWeissman%2C+D%3BSaxena%2C+Q+B%3BSimpson%2C+J%3BLewis%2C+D+M&rft.aulast=Saxena&rft.aufirst=R&rft.date=2002-06-01&rft.volume=128&rft.issue=3&rft.spage=405&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Clinical+and+Experimental+Immunology&rft.issn=00099104&rft_id=info:doi/10.1046%2Fj.1365-2249.2002.01839.x LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1046/j.1365-2249.2002.01839.x ER - TY - JOUR T1 - The use of light scattering and ion chamber responses for the detection of fires in diesel contaminated atmospheres AN - 18327213; 5388305 AB - Experiments were conducted to determine the optical scattering properties of diesel particulate matter (DPM) and various combustion aerosols from both flaming and smoldering combustion sources at discrete angles of 15 degree and 30 degree in the forward direction and at a light source wavelength of 635 nm using a simple light scattering module. In addition to the scattering data, simultaneous measurements were made of the total aerosol mass concentration; light extinction at an average wavelength of 546 nm; and the response of a common bipolar ion chamber typical of residential smoke detectors modified to allow the aerosols to flow through the chamber. The results of these experiments indicate, for DPM and combustion aerosols, the intensities per unit mass concentration depend not only upon whether the aerosol is DPM or combustion aerosol but also upon the type of combustion aerosol. The results also indicate that the ion chamber responses are greatest for DPM, followed by the response to flaming combustion aerosols (FCA) and lowest for smoldering combustion aerosols (SCA). For light scattering, the greatest intensities are found for SCA, followed by the intensities from FCA, and lowest for DPM. This report describes the experiments, their results, and the use of these results to develop design criteria for early warning fire sensors capable of the rapid and reliable detection of fires in atmospheres that may or may not be contaminated by the products produced from diesel engines. JF - Fire Safety Journal AU - Litton, C D AD - National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, Pittsburgh Research Center, Cochrans Mill Road, Pittsburgh, PA 15236, USA, chl3@cdc.gov Y1 - 2002/06// PY - 2002 DA - Jun 2002 SP - 409 EP - 425 VL - 37 IS - 4 SN - 0379-7112, 0379-7112 KW - smoke detectors KW - Health & Safety Science Abstracts KW - Fires KW - Light scattering KW - Technology KW - H 7000:Fire Safety UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/18327213?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Ahealthsafetyabstracts&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Fire+Safety+Journal&rft.atitle=The+use+of+light+scattering+and+ion+chamber+responses+for+the+detection+of+fires+in+diesel+contaminated+atmospheres&rft.au=Litton%2C+C+D&rft.aulast=Litton&rft.aufirst=C&rft.date=2002-06-01&rft.volume=37&rft.issue=4&rft.spage=409&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Fire+Safety+Journal&rft.issn=03797112&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Fires; Technology; Light scattering ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Considerations and procedures in the derivation of ATSDR minimal risk levels. AN - 72009135; 12184367 AB - Minimal risk levels (MRLs) are health-based guidance values derived for individual substances by conducting a thorough review of the literature, identifying appropriate target organs of response, and identifying a dose level where a no adverse effect or the lowest adverse effect level is seen. This level is then evaluated for uncertainty in the data base and for other extenuating factors and subsequently adjusted with uncertainty or modifying factors. The resulting calculation yields the MRL that is defined as an estimate of the daily human exposure to a hazardous substance that is likely to be without appreciable risk of adverse noncancer health effects over a specified duration of exposure. Typically, MRLs are derived for different durations of exposure (acute, intermediate, chronic) and for different routes of exposure (oral, inhalation). The MRLs serve as useful reference values in evaluating human health from exposure to substances found at hazardous waste sites. Because of numerous requests of various programs, recent work has focused on expanding the applicability of MRLs to other situations and routes of exposure (dermal, food supply, intramuscular) beyond the traditional oral and inhalation exposure routes at waste sites. Results of work, in conjunction with the Agency for Toxic Substances and Disease Registry's computational toxicology laboratory, shows that the use of computational methods, such as physiologically based pharmacokinetic modeling, may allow the MRL process to be adapted to unique durations and routes of exposure such as intramuscular injections. JF - Vaccine AU - Wheeler, John S AU - Chou, Selene AD - Division of Medicine, The United States Army Medical Research Institute of Infectious Diseases, Fort Detrick, MD 21702-501 1, USA. jzw1@cdc.gov Y1 - 2002/05/31/ PY - 2002 DA - 2002 May 31 SP - S51 EP - S55 VL - 20 Suppl 3 SN - 0264-410X, 0264-410X KW - Index Medicus KW - Registries KW - Humans KW - Environmental Exposure KW - No-Observed-Adverse-Effect Level KW - Risk Assessment -- methods UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/72009135?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Vaccine&rft.atitle=Considerations+and+procedures+in+the+derivation+of+ATSDR+minimal+risk+levels.&rft.au=Wheeler%2C+John+S%3BChou%2C+Selene&rft.aulast=Wheeler&rft.aufirst=John&rft.date=2002-05-31&rft.volume=20+Suppl+3&rft.issue=&rft.spage=S51&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Vaccine&rft.issn=0264410X&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 2002-12-12 N1 - Date created - 2002-08-19 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Occupational exposures to air contaminants at the World Trade Center disaster site--New York, September-October, 2001. AN - 71794217; 12054422 AB - Amid concerns about the fires and suspected presence of toxic materials in the rubble pile following the collapse of the World Trade Center (WTC) buildings on September 11, 2001, the New York City Department of Health (NYCDOH) asked CDC for assistance in evaluating occupational exposures at the site. CDC's National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH) collected general area (GA) and personal breathing zone (PBZ) air samples for numerous potential air contaminants. This report summarizes the results of the assessment, which indicate that most exposures, including asbestos, did not exceed NIOSH recommended exposure limits (RELs) or Occupational Safety and Health Administration (OSHA) permissible exposure limits (PELs). One torch cutter was overexposed to cadmium; another worker was overexposed to carbon monoxide (CO) while cutting metal beams with an oxyacetylene torch or a gasoline-powered saw, and two more were possibly overexposed to CO. NIOSH recommended that workers ensure adequate on-site ventilation when using gas-powered equipment and use rechargeable, battery-powered equipment when possible. JF - MMWR. Morbidity and mortality weekly report AU - Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) AD - Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) Y1 - 2002/05/31/ PY - 2002 DA - 2002 May 31 SP - 453 EP - 456 VL - 51 IS - 21 SN - 0149-2195, 0149-2195 KW - Air Pollutants KW - 0 KW - Hazardous Substances KW - Index Medicus KW - New York City KW - Aircraft KW - Rescue Work KW - Humans KW - Explosions KW - Occupational Exposure KW - Terrorism KW - Disasters UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/71794217?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=MMWR.+Morbidity+and+mortality+weekly+report&rft.atitle=Occupational+exposures+to+air+contaminants+at+the+World+Trade+Center+disaster+site--New+York%2C+September-October%2C+2001.&rft.au=Centers+for+Disease+Control+and+Prevention+%28CDC%29&rft.aulast=Centers+for+Disease+Control+and+Prevention+%28CDC%29&rft.aufirst=&rft.date=2002-05-31&rft.volume=51&rft.issue=21&rft.spage=453&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=MMWR.+Morbidity+and+mortality+weekly+report&rft.issn=01492195&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 2002-06-13 N1 - Date created - 2002-06-10 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Aluminum toxicokinetics regarding infant diet and vaccinations AN - 18444458; 5419058 AB - Some vaccines contain aluminum adjuvants to enhance the immunological response, and it has been postulated that this aluminum could contribute to adverse health effects, especially in children who receive a vaccination series starting at birth. The pharmacokinetic properties and end-point toxicities of aluminum are presented. In assessing the relevance of dietary and medical aluminum exposure to public health, we estimated infant body burdens during the first year of life for breast milk and formula diets and for a standard vaccination schedule. We then compared those body burdens with that expected for intake at a level considered safe for intermediate-duration exposure. The methodology blends intake values and uptake fractions with an aluminum retention function derived from a human injection study using radioactive super(26)Al. The calculated body burden of aluminum from vaccinations exceeds that from dietary sources, however, it is below the minimal risk level equivalent curve after the brief period following injection. JF - Vaccine AU - Keith, L S AU - Jones, DE AU - Chou, C-HSJ AD - Agency for Toxic Substances and Disease Registry, Division of Toxicology, 1600 Clifton Road, NE, Mailstop E-29, Atlanta, GA 30333, USA, skeith@cdc.gov Y1 - 2002/05/31/ PY - 2002 DA - 2002 May 31 SP - S13 EP - S17 VL - 20 SN - 0264-410X, 0264-410X KW - aluminum KW - man KW - toxicokinetics KW - Immunology Abstracts; Toxicology Abstracts KW - F 06807:Active immunization KW - X 24163:Metabolism UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/18444458?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxicologyabstracts&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Vaccine&rft.atitle=Aluminum+toxicokinetics+regarding+infant+diet+and+vaccinations&rft.au=Keith%2C+L+S%3BJones%2C+DE%3BChou%2C+C-HSJ&rft.aulast=Keith&rft.aufirst=L&rft.date=2002-05-31&rft.volume=20&rft.issue=&rft.spage=S13&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Vaccine&rft.issn=0264410X&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Rapid quantitation of cyanide in whole blood by automated headspace gas chromatography. AN - 71696980; 12016024 AB - Cyanide (CN), a chemical asphyxiant, is a rapidly acting and powerful poison. We have developed a sensitive, rapid, simple, and fully automated method for measuring CN in whole blood. The assay is based on the use of gas chromatography (GC) with nitrogen-phosphorus detection and acetonitrile as an internal reference. Following the automated addition of phosphoric acid to the blood sample, the released hydrogen cyanide is analyzed using a fully automated headspace GC system. The assay, validated on human blood samples spiked with potassium cyanide and on clinical samples from fire victims who had smoke inhalation injury, can detect CN at a wide range of concentrations (30-6000 microg/l) in about 17 min (including incubation and GC run time, and <2 min for manual sample preparation). This automated, high-throughput, simple, and sensitive method is suitable for the rapid diagnosis of CN in clinical and forensic specimens. JF - Journal of chromatography. B, Analytical technologies in the biomedical and life sciences AU - Calafat, Antonia M AU - Stanfill, Stephen B AD - Division of Laboratory Sciences, National Center for Environmental Health, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, 4770 Buford Highway, NE, Mailstop F19, Atlanta, GA 30341, USA. aic7@cdc.gov Y1 - 2002/05/25/ PY - 2002 DA - 2002 May 25 SP - 131 EP - 137 VL - 772 IS - 1 SN - 1570-0232, 1570-0232 KW - Cyanides KW - 0 KW - Index Medicus KW - Sensitivity and Specificity KW - Reproducibility of Results KW - Humans KW - Reference Standards KW - Calibration KW - Smoke Inhalation Injury -- blood KW - Cyanides -- blood KW - Chromatography, Gas -- methods UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/71696980?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+chromatography.+B%2C+Analytical+technologies+in+the+biomedical+and+life+sciences&rft.atitle=Rapid+quantitation+of+cyanide+in+whole+blood+by+automated+headspace+gas+chromatography.&rft.au=Calafat%2C+Antonia+M%3BStanfill%2C+Stephen+B&rft.aulast=Calafat&rft.aufirst=Antonia&rft.date=2002-05-25&rft.volume=772&rft.issue=1&rft.spage=131&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+chromatography.+B%2C+Analytical+technologies+in+the+biomedical+and+life+sciences&rft.issn=15700232&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 2002-08-06 N1 - Date created - 2002-05-17 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Nonfatal self-inflicted injuries treated in hospital emergency departments--United States, 2000. AN - 71802352; 12056500 AB - CDC, in collaboration with the Consumer Product Safety Commission (CPSC), expanded CPSC's National Electronic Injury Surveillance System (NEISS) in July 2000 to include all types and external causes of nonfatal injuries treated in U.S. hospital emergency departments (EDs). This ongoing surveillance system, called NEISS All Injury Program (NEISS-AIP), provides data to calculate national estimates for nonfatal injuries treated in EDs during 2000. This report provides national, annualized, weighted estimates of nonfatal self-inflicted injuries treated in U.S. hospital EDs. Overall, self-inflicted injury rates were highest among adolescents and young adults, particularly females. Most (90%) self-inflicted injuries were the result of poisoning or being cut/pierced with a sharp instrument, and 60% were probable suicide attempts. NEISS-AIP data increase understanding of self-inflicted injuries and can serve as a basis for monitoring trends, facilitating additional research, and evaluating intervention approaches. JF - MMWR. Morbidity and mortality weekly report AU - Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) AD - Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) Y1 - 2002/05/24/ PY - 2002 DA - 2002 May 24 SP - 436 EP - 438 VL - 51 IS - 20 SN - 0149-2195, 0149-2195 KW - Index Medicus KW - Infant KW - Humans KW - Adult KW - Aged KW - Middle Aged KW - Child KW - Adolescent KW - United States -- epidemiology KW - Male KW - Female KW - Child, Preschool KW - Wounds and Injuries -- epidemiology KW - Wounds and Injuries -- etiology KW - Emergency Service, Hospital -- statistics & numerical data UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/71802352?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=MMWR.+Morbidity+and+mortality+weekly+report&rft.atitle=Nonfatal+self-inflicted+injuries+treated+in+hospital+emergency+departments--United+States%2C+2000.&rft.au=Centers+for+Disease+Control+and+Prevention+%28CDC%29&rft.aulast=Centers+for+Disease+Control+and+Prevention+%28CDC%29&rft.aufirst=&rft.date=2002-05-24&rft.volume=51&rft.issue=20&rft.spage=436&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=MMWR.+Morbidity+and+mortality+weekly+report&rft.issn=01492195&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 2002-06-13 N1 - Date created - 2002-06-11 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Fetal alcohol syndrome--Alaska, Arizona, Colorado, and New York, 1995-1997. AN - 71800647; 12056499 AB - Fetal alcohol syndrome (FAS) is caused by maternal alcohol use during pregnancy and is one of the leading causes of preventable birth defects and developmental disabilities in the United States. FAS is diagnosed on the basis of a combination of growth deficiency (pre- or postnatal), central nervous system (CNS) dysfunction, facial dysmorphology, and maternal alcohol use during pregnancy. Estimates of the prevalence of FAS vary from 0.2 to 1.0 per 1,000 live-born infants. This variation is due, in part, to the small size of the populations studied, varying case definitions, and different surveillance methods. In addition, differences have been noted among racial/ethnic populations. To monitor the occurrence of FAS, CDC collaborated with five states (Alaska, Arizona, Colorado, New York, and Wisconsin*) to develop the Fetal Alcohol Syndrome Surveillance Network (FASSNet). This report summarizes the results of an analysis of FASSNet data on children born during 1995-1997, which indicate that FAS rates in Alaska, Arizona, Colorado, and New York ranged from 0.3 to 1.5 per 1,000 live-born infants and were highest for black and American Indian/Alaska Native populations. This study demonstrates that FASSNet is a useful tool that enables health care professionals to monitor the occurrence of FAS and to evaluate the impact of prevention, education, and intervention efforts. JF - MMWR. Morbidity and mortality weekly report AU - Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) AD - Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) Y1 - 2002/05/24/ PY - 2002 DA - 2002 May 24 SP - 433 EP - 435 VL - 51 IS - 20 SN - 0149-2195, 0149-2195 KW - Index Medicus KW - Infant KW - Arizona -- epidemiology KW - Humans KW - Alaska -- epidemiology KW - Child KW - New York -- epidemiology KW - Colorado -- epidemiology KW - Male KW - Female KW - Pregnancy KW - Child, Preschool KW - Fetal Alcohol Spectrum Disorders -- epidemiology KW - Fetal Alcohol Spectrum Disorders -- diagnosis UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/71800647?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=MMWR.+Morbidity+and+mortality+weekly+report&rft.atitle=Fetal+alcohol+syndrome--Alaska%2C+Arizona%2C+Colorado%2C+and+New+York%2C+1995-1997.&rft.au=Centers+for+Disease+Control+and+Prevention+%28CDC%29&rft.aulast=Centers+for+Disease+Control+and+Prevention+%28CDC%29&rft.aufirst=&rft.date=2002-05-24&rft.volume=51&rft.issue=20&rft.spage=433&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=MMWR.+Morbidity+and+mortality+weekly+report&rft.issn=01492195&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 2002-06-13 N1 - Date created - 2002-06-11 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Update: Neurologic illness associated with eating Florida pufferfish, 2002. AN - 71741320; 12033478 AB - As of May 15, 2002, a total of 13 presumptive cases of saxitoxin poisoning were reported in Florida residents who ate pufferfish caught in waters near Titusville, Florida. Five cases were reported in April, and eight cases were identified through increased surveillance by Florida poison control centers, hospital emergency departments (EDs), and county health departments. This report updates the investigation of these cases. JF - MMWR. Morbidity and mortality weekly report AU - Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) AD - Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) Y1 - 2002/05/17/ PY - 2002 DA - 2002 May 17 SP - 414 EP - 416 VL - 51 IS - 19 SN - 0149-2195, 0149-2195 KW - Saxitoxin KW - 35523-89-8 KW - Index Medicus KW - Hypesthesia -- etiology KW - Paresthesia -- etiology KW - Foodborne Diseases -- epidemiology KW - Humans KW - Florida -- epidemiology KW - Seafood -- poisoning KW - Tetraodontiformes -- metabolism KW - Saxitoxin -- analysis KW - Peripheral Nervous System Diseases -- etiology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/71741320?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=MMWR.+Morbidity+and+mortality+weekly+report&rft.atitle=Update%3A+Neurologic+illness+associated+with+eating+Florida+pufferfish%2C+2002.&rft.au=Centers+for+Disease+Control+and+Prevention+%28CDC%29&rft.aulast=Centers+for+Disease+Control+and+Prevention+%28CDC%29&rft.aufirst=&rft.date=2002-05-17&rft.volume=51&rft.issue=19&rft.spage=414&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=MMWR.+Morbidity+and+mortality+weekly+report&rft.issn=01492195&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 2002-06-04 N1 - Date created - 2002-05-29 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Nonoxynol-9 spermicide contraception use--United States, 1999. AN - 71699647; 12018794 AB - Most women in the United States with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) become infected through sexual transmission, and a woman's choice of contraception can affect her risk for HIV transmission during sexual contact with an infected partner. Most contraceptives do not protect against transmission of HIV and other sexually transmitted diseases (STDs), and the use of some contraceptives containing nonoxynol-9 (N-9) might increase the risk for HIV sexual transmission. Three randomized, controlled trials of the use of N-9 contraceptives by commercial sex workers (CSWs) in Africa failed to demonstrate any protection against HIV infection; one trial showed an increased risk. N-9 contraceptives also failed to protect against infection with Neisseria gonorrhoeae and Chlamydia trachomatis in two randomized trials, one among African CSWs and one among U.S. women recruited from an STD clinic. Because most women in the African studies had frequent sexual activity, had high-level exposure to N-9, and probably were exposed to a population of men with a high prevalence of HIV/STDs, the implications of these studies for U.S. women are uncertain. To determine the extent of N-9 contraceptive use among U.S. women, CDC assessed data provided by U.S. family planning clinics for 1999. This report summarizes the results of that assessment, which indicate that some U.S. women are using N-9 contraceptives. Sexually active women should consider their individual HIV/STD infection risk when choosing a method of contraception. Providers of family planning services should inform women at risk for HIV/STDs that N-9 contraceptives do not protect against these infections. JF - MMWR. Morbidity and mortality weekly report AU - Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) AD - Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) Y1 - 2002/05/10/ PY - 2002 DA - 2002 May 10 SP - 389 EP - 392 VL - 51 IS - 18 SN - 0149-2195, 0149-2195 KW - Spermatocidal Agents KW - 0 KW - Nonoxynol KW - 26027-38-3 KW - Index Medicus KW - Humans KW - United States -- epidemiology KW - Contraception Behavior -- statistics & numerical data UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/71699647?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=MMWR.+Morbidity+and+mortality+weekly+report&rft.atitle=Nonoxynol-9+spermicide+contraception+use--United+States%2C+1999.&rft.au=Centers+for+Disease+Control+and+Prevention+%28CDC%29&rft.aulast=Centers+for+Disease+Control+and+Prevention+%28CDC%29&rft.aufirst=&rft.date=2002-05-10&rft.volume=51&rft.issue=18&rft.spage=389&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=MMWR.+Morbidity+and+mortality+weekly+report&rft.issn=01492195&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 2002-05-23 N1 - Date created - 2002-05-20 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - NF-B, a pivotal transcription factor in silica-induced diseases AN - 860389837; 13862147 AB - Inhalation of silica in a number of occupational settings can result in debilitating and costly lung disease. It is thought that the pathological replacement of functional lung tissue with fibrotic lesions in silica-induced lung disease is the result of chronic inflammation mediated by products of the silica-exposed alveolar macrophage. In particular, inflammatory cytokines, growth factors and reactive oxygen species have been implicated in many acute and chronic inflammatory lung diseases. Pharmacological intervention to modify the production of these mediators has been shown to ameliorate several of these disease processes. Recent studies have demonstrated that the production of these inflammatory mediators is altered as a result of the activation of nuclear factor-B (NF-B). NF-B is a pivotal transcription factor activated by silica in macrophages and other types of lung cells. The understanding of how silica induces NF-B activation and what signaling pathways are involved in this silica-induced NF-B activation is important and should provide valuable new information related to both the etiology and potential treatment of silica-related lung diseases. This review summarizes the molecular mechanisms involved in silica-induced NF-B activation and discusses the importance of NF-B as a critical transcription factor in mediating silica-induced lung diseases. JF - Molecular and Cellular Biochemistry AU - Chen, Fei AU - Shi, Xianglin AD - The Health Effects Laboratory Division, National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, Morgantown, WV, USA, Xshi@cdc.gov Y1 - 2002/05// PY - 2002 DA - May 2002 SP - 169 EP - 176 PB - Springer-Verlag, Tiergartenstrasse 17 Heidelberg 69121 Germany VL - 234-235 IS - 1 SN - 0300-8177, 0300-8177 KW - Biochemistry Abstracts 2: Nucleic Acids; Toxicology Abstracts KW - Inhalation KW - Macrophages KW - Molecular modelling KW - Etiology KW - Lung diseases KW - Alveoli KW - Inflammation KW - NF- Kappa B protein KW - Silica KW - Reactive oxygen species KW - Inflammatory diseases KW - Transcription factors KW - NF-B protein KW - Cytokines KW - Growth factors KW - Signal transduction KW - N 14835:Protein-Nucleic Acids Association KW - X 24350:Industrial Chemicals UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/860389837?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxicologyabstracts&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Molecular+and+Cellular+Biochemistry&rft.atitle=NF-B%2C+a+pivotal+transcription+factor+in+silica-induced+diseases&rft.au=Chen%2C+Fei%3BShi%2C+Xianglin&rft.aulast=Chen&rft.aufirst=Fei&rft.date=2002-05-01&rft.volume=234-235&rft.issue=1&rft.spage=169&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Molecular+and+Cellular+Biochemistry&rft.issn=03008177&rft_id=info:doi/10.1023%2FA%3A1015915000265 LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2011-04-01 N1 - Last updated - 2012-03-29 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Macrophages; Inhalation; Molecular modelling; Etiology; Lung diseases; Alveoli; NF- Kappa B protein; Inflammation; Silica; Inflammatory diseases; Reactive oxygen species; Transcription factors; NF-B protein; Cytokines; Growth factors; Signal transduction DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1015915000265 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Molecular mechanisms of Cr(VI)-induced carcinogenesis AN - 860389205; 13862152 AB - Although Cr(VI)-containing compounds are well documented carcinogens, their mechanism of action is still not well understood. Recent studies have suggested that reduction of Cr(VI) to its lower oxidation states and related free radical reactions play an important role in Cr(VI)-induced carcinogenesis. This article summarizes recent studies from our laboratory on (a) the reduction of Cr(VI) by ascorbate, diol- and thiol-containing molecules, certain flavoenzymes, cell organelles, intact cells, and whole animals; (b) free radical production in both non-cellular and cellular systems; and (c) Cr(VI)-induced DNA damage, activation of nuclear transcription factor B (NF-B), activator protein-1, p53, hypoxia-inducible factor-1, vascular endothelial growth factor, tyrosine phosphorylation, apoptosis, cell growth arrest, and gene expression profile. JF - Molecular and Cellular Biochemistry AU - Ding, Min AU - Shi, Xianglin AD - Pathology and Physiology Research Branch, Health Effects Laboratory Division, National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, Morgantown, WV, 26505, USA, xshi@cdc.gov Y1 - 2002/05// PY - 2002 DA - May 2002 SP - 293 EP - 300 PB - Springer-Verlag, Tiergartenstrasse 17 Heidelberg 69121 Germany VL - 234-235 IS - 1 SN - 0300-8177, 0300-8177 KW - Toxicology Abstracts KW - Vascular endothelial growth factor KW - Molecular modelling KW - Apoptosis KW - Free radicals KW - Activator protein 1 KW - Tyrosine KW - Carcinogens KW - p53 protein KW - Ascorbic acid KW - Gene expression KW - DNA damage KW - Hypoxia-inducible factor 1 KW - Phosphorylation KW - Transcription factors KW - NF-B protein KW - Carcinogenesis KW - Oxidation KW - Organelles KW - X 24490:Other UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/860389205?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxicologyabstracts&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Molecular+and+Cellular+Biochemistry&rft.atitle=Molecular+mechanisms+of+Cr%28VI%29-induced+carcinogenesis&rft.au=Ding%2C+Min%3BShi%2C+Xianglin&rft.aulast=Ding&rft.aufirst=Min&rft.date=2002-05-01&rft.volume=234-235&rft.issue=1&rft.spage=293&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Molecular+and+Cellular+Biochemistry&rft.issn=03008177&rft_id=info:doi/10.1023%2FA%3A1015975218920 LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2011-04-01 N1 - Last updated - 2012-03-29 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Vascular endothelial growth factor; Molecular modelling; Apoptosis; Free radicals; Activator protein 1; Tyrosine; Carcinogens; Ascorbic acid; p53 protein; Gene expression; Hypoxia-inducible factor 1; DNA damage; Phosphorylation; Transcription factors; Oxidation; Carcinogenesis; NF-B protein; Organelles DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1015975218920 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Hearing protector attenuation: models of attenuation distributions. AN - 85368822; pmid-12051431 AB - Current hearing protector rating standards estimate the protection performance for a given frequency as the mean attenuation minus a multiple of the standard deviation. Distributions of real-ear attenuation at threshold data are fit with maximum likelihood estimation procedures using both normal and mixed-normal models. Attenuations from six hearing protectors, Bilsom UF-1 earmuff, Bilsom Quietzone, E.A.R Classic, E.A.R EXPRESS Pod Plugs, Howard Leight MAX, and Wilson EP100 earplugs, measured with a subject-fit protocol are reported. The mixed-normal (bimodal) model provides a better fit to the empirical data than the unimodal model for most frequencies and protectors. Primarily, the bimodal model fits the shape of the distributions caused by data from poorly-fit protectors. This paper presents an alternative method for estimating the protection performance either with the more accurate bimodal model or directly from the empirical cumulative distributions of the attenuation data. JF - The Journal of the Acoustical Society of America AU - Murphy, William J AU - Franks, John R AU - Krieg, Edward F AD - Division of Applied Research and Technology, National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, Cincinnati, Ohio 45226-1998, USA. wjm4@cdc.gov Y1 - 2002/05// PY - 2002 DA - May 2002 SP - 2109 EP - 2116 VL - 111 IS - 5 Pt 1 SN - 0001-4966, 0001-4966 KW - Index Medicus KW - National Library of Medicine KW - Auditory Threshold: physiology KW - *Ear Protective Devices KW - Hearing Loss, Noise-Induced: prevention & control KW - Humans KW - *Models, Theoretical UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/85368822?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Acomdisdome&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Journal+of+the+Acoustical+Society+of+America&rft.atitle=Hearing+protector+attenuation%3A+models+of+attenuation+distributions.&rft.au=Murphy%2C+William+J%3BFranks%2C+John+R%3BKrieg%2C+Edward+F&rft.aulast=Murphy&rft.aufirst=William&rft.date=2002-05-01&rft.volume=111&rft.issue=5+Pt+1&rft.spage=2109&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=The+Journal+of+the+Acoustical+Society+of+America&rft.issn=00014966&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English (eng) DB - ComDisDome N1 - Date revised - 2011-12-15 N1 - Last updated - 2012-07-13 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - The National Health Interview Survey: an overview. AN - 71984573; 12166923 JF - Effective clinical practice : ECP AU - Gentleman, Jane F AU - Pleis, John R AD - Division of Health Interview Statistics, National Center for Health Statistics, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Hyattsville, Md 20782, USA. JGentleman@cdc.gov PY - 2002 SP - 1 VL - 5 IS - 3 Suppl KW - Index Medicus KW - Family Characteristics KW - Wounds and Injuries -- epidemiology KW - Insurance, Health -- statistics & numerical data KW - Humans KW - Health Status KW - Poisoning -- epidemiology KW - Activities of Daily Living KW - Health Services Accessibility -- statistics & numerical data KW - Immunization -- utilization KW - Health Services -- utilization KW - Income -- statistics & numerical data KW - Surveys and Questionnaires KW - Sampling Studies KW - Health Behavior KW - Interviews as Topic KW - United States -- epidemiology KW - HIV Infections -- psychology KW - Health Care Surveys KW - Databases as Topic KW - Health Surveys KW - National Center for Health Statistics (U.S.) UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/71984573?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Effective+clinical+practice+%3A+ECP&rft.atitle=The+National+Health+Interview+Survey%3A+an+overview.&rft.au=Gentleman%2C+Jane+F%3BPleis%2C+John+R&rft.aulast=Gentleman&rft.aufirst=Jane&rft.date=2002-05-01&rft.volume=5&rft.issue=3+Suppl&rft.spage=E2&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Effective+clinical+practice+%3A+ECP&rft.issn=1538-9685&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 2002-09-20 N1 - Date created - 2002-08-08 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Arsenic carcinogenicity: relevance of c-Src activation. AN - 71981128; 12162444 AB - Environmental and occupational exposure to arsenic is associated with increased risk of skin, urinary bladder and respiratory tract cancers. Increasing evidence indicates that arsenic acts at the level of tumor promotion by modulating the signaling pathways responsible for cell growth. One of this pathways might include c-Src dependent EGFR and MAPK activation. JF - Molecular and cellular biochemistry AU - Simeonova, Petia P AU - Luster, Michael I AD - Toxicology and Molecular Biology Branch, Health Effects Laboratory Division, National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, Morgantown, WV 26505-2888, USA. phs9@cdc.gov PY - 2002 SP - 277 EP - 282 VL - 234-235 IS - 1-2 SN - 0300-8177, 0300-8177 KW - Carcinogens KW - 0 KW - Receptor, Epidermal Growth Factor KW - EC 2.7.10.1 KW - Oncogene Protein pp60(v-src) KW - EC 2.7.10.2 KW - Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinases KW - EC 2.7.11.24 KW - Arsenic KW - N712M78A8G KW - Index Medicus KW - Receptor, Epidermal Growth Factor -- metabolism KW - Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinases -- metabolism KW - Gene Expression Regulation, Enzymologic -- drug effects KW - Humans KW - Genes, src -- genetics KW - Carcinogens -- pharmacology KW - Arsenic -- toxicity KW - Arsenic -- pharmacology KW - Oncogene Protein pp60(v-src) -- metabolism KW - Carcinogens -- toxicity KW - Oncogene Protein pp60(v-src) -- genetics UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/71981128?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Molecular+and+cellular+biochemistry&rft.atitle=Arsenic+carcinogenicity%3A+relevance+of+c-Src+activation.&rft.au=Simeonova%2C+Petia+P%3BLuster%2C+Michael+I&rft.aulast=Simeonova&rft.aufirst=Petia&rft.date=2002-05-01&rft.volume=234-235&rft.issue=1-2&rft.spage=277&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Molecular+and+cellular+biochemistry&rft.issn=03008177&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 2003-02-14 N1 - Date created - 2002-08-06 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Engineering controls for furniture strippers to meet the OSHA methylene chloride PEL. AN - 71979485; 12174809 AB - This case study demonstrates how methylene chloride exposures during furniture stripping can be reduced to below the Occupational Safety and Health Administration (OSHA) permissible exposure limit (PEL) of 25 ppm (as an 8-hour time-weighted average). Five surveys were conducted at one facility; the first four resulted in employee exposure geometric means from 39 to 332 ppm. For the fifth survey local exhaust ventilation was used at the stripping tank and the rinsing area, which together exhausted 138 m3/min (4860 ft3/min). Additional controls included providing adequate make-up air, adding paraffin wax to the stripping solution, raising the level of the stripping solution in the tank, and discussing good work practices with the employee. The employees' methylene chloride exposures during the fifth survey resulted in a geometric mean of 5.6 ppm with a 95% upper confidence limit of 8.3 ppm, which was found to be significantly lower than the OSHA PEL and the OSHA action level of 12.5 ppm. The cost of the ventilation system was $8900. JF - AIHA journal : a journal for the science of occupational and environmental health and safety AU - Estill, Cheryl Fairfield AU - Watkins, Daniel S AU - Shulman, Stanley A AU - Kurimo, Robert W AU - Kovein, Ronald J AD - U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, Public Health Service, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, Cincinnati, OH 45226-1998, USA. CEstill@cdc.gov PY - 2002 SP - 326 EP - 333 VL - 63 IS - 3 SN - 1542-8117, 1542-8117 KW - Methylene Chloride KW - 588X2YUY0A KW - Index Medicus KW - United States KW - Interior Design and Furnishings KW - Humans KW - United States Occupational Safety and Health Administration KW - Data Collection KW - Industry KW - Occupational Exposure KW - Methylene Chloride -- analysis KW - Engineering KW - Methylene Chloride -- standards KW - Ventilation UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/71979485?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=AIHA+journal+%3A+a+journal+for+the+science+of+occupational+and+environmental+health+and+safety&rft.atitle=Engineering+controls+for+furniture+strippers+to+meet+the+OSHA+methylene+chloride+PEL.&rft.au=Estill%2C+Cheryl+Fairfield%3BWatkins%2C+Daniel+S%3BShulman%2C+Stanley+A%3BKurimo%2C+Robert+W%3BKovein%2C+Ronald+J&rft.aulast=Estill&rft.aufirst=Cheryl&rft.date=2002-05-01&rft.volume=63&rft.issue=3&rft.spage=326&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=AIHA+journal+%3A+a+journal+for+the+science+of+occupational+and+environmental+health+and+safety&rft.issn=15428117&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 2002-12-10 N1 - Date created - 2002-08-13 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - SuppNotes - Comment In: AIHA J (Fairfax, Va). 2002 Nov-Dec;63(6):676; author reply 676-7 [12570070] N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Posttraumatic stress disorder and self-reported physical health status among U.S. Military personnel serving during the Gulf War period: a population-based study. AN - 71835196; 12075034 AB - The objective of this study was to investigate the relation between posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) and perceived physical health. Participants included 3,682 Gulf War veterans and control subjects of the same era who completed a telephone survey about their health status. PTSD was assessed using the PTSD Checklist-Military Version. Veterans screening positive for PTSD reported significantly more physical health symptoms and medical conditions than did veterans without PTSD. They were also more likely to rate their health status as fair or poor and to report lower levels of health-related quality of life. The results of this study are consistent with studies of other combat veterans and provide further support for an association between PTSD and adverse physical health outcomes. Stressful or traumatic life events, such as those encountered during a rapid military deployment and conflict, are associated with a variety of adverse health effects. These health effects may manifest themselves in both psychological and physical outcomes. Health care providers must be attentive to recognize and evaluate both of these dimensions. JF - Psychosomatics AU - Barrett, Drue H AU - Doebbeling, Caroline Carney AU - Schwartz, David A AU - Voelker, Margaret D AU - Falter, Kenneth H AU - Woolson, Robert F AU - Doebbeling, Bradley N AD - Division of Environmental Hazards and Health Effects, National Center for Environmental Health, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA 30333, USA. dbarrett@cdc.gov PY - 2002 SP - 195 EP - 205 VL - 43 IS - 3 SN - 0033-3182, 0033-3182 KW - Index Medicus KW - Veterans -- statistics & numerical data KW - Humans KW - Adult KW - Veterans -- psychology KW - Quality of Life KW - Male KW - Female KW - Prevalence KW - Stress Disorders, Post-Traumatic -- epidemiology KW - Combat Disorders -- psychology KW - Stress Disorders, Post-Traumatic -- psychology KW - Stress Disorders, Post-Traumatic -- diagnosis KW - Health Status KW - Persian Gulf Syndrome -- epidemiology KW - Persian Gulf Syndrome -- diagnosis KW - Combat Disorders -- diagnosis KW - Persian Gulf Syndrome -- psychology KW - Combat Disorders -- epidemiology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/71835196?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Psychosomatics&rft.atitle=Posttraumatic+stress+disorder+and+self-reported+physical+health+status+among+U.S.+Military+personnel+serving+during+the+Gulf+War+period%3A+a+population-based+study.&rft.au=Barrett%2C+Drue+H%3BDoebbeling%2C+Caroline+Carney%3BSchwartz%2C+David+A%3BVoelker%2C+Margaret+D%3BFalter%2C+Kenneth+H%3BWoolson%2C+Robert+F%3BDoebbeling%2C+Bradley+N&rft.aulast=Barrett&rft.aufirst=Drue&rft.date=2002-05-01&rft.volume=43&rft.issue=3&rft.spage=195&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Psychosomatics&rft.issn=00333182&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 2002-08-01 N1 - Date created - 2002-06-20 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Risk networks and racial/ethnic differences in the prevalence of HIV infection among injection drug users. AN - 71787578; 12048369 AB - Studies among injection drug users (IDUs) find a higher prevalence of HIV infection among black and Puerto Rican IDUs than among white IDUs. Risk behaviors seldom explain these differences. We examine how risk networks contribute to racial/ethnic variations in HIV prevalence. Six hundred sixty-two IDUs were recruited on the street in Bushwick (New York City), interviewed, and tested for HIV. Risk behaviors and networks were analyzed to explain racial/ethnic variations in HIV. Forty percent of IDUs were infected with HIV. HIV prevalence was greater for Puerto Ricans (45%) and blacks (44%) than for whites (32%). Egocentric sexual and drug risk networks were predominantly racially/ethnically homogeneous. After multivariate adjustments for risk behaviors and risk networks, black-white differences in HIV prevalence were no longer significant. Although differences between Puerto Ricans and whites persisted, post hoc analyses suggested that network partner characteristics might explain these differences. In Bushwick, racially/ethnically discordant risk partnerships involving black IDUs may function as potential bridges of transmission between groups. JF - Journal of acquired immune deficiency syndromes (1999) AU - Kottiri, Benny J AU - Friedman, Samuel R AU - Neaigus, Alan AU - Curtis, Richard AU - Des Jarlais, Don C AD - Institute for AIDS Research, National Development and Research Institutes, Inc., New York, New York., USA. bkottiri@cdc.gov Y1 - 2002/05/01/ PY - 2002 DA - 2002 May 01 SP - 95 EP - 104 VL - 30 IS - 1 SN - 1525-4135, 1525-4135 KW - Index Medicus KW - AIDS/HIV KW - Sexual Behavior KW - Hispanic Americans KW - New York City -- epidemiology KW - Risk Factors KW - Humans KW - European Continental Ancestry Group KW - Adult KW - African Americans KW - Male KW - Female KW - Prevalence KW - Multivariate Analysis KW - Substance Abuse, Intravenous -- ethnology KW - HIV Infections -- complications KW - HIV Infections -- ethnology KW - Substance Abuse, Intravenous -- epidemiology KW - Substance Abuse, Intravenous -- complications KW - HIV Infections -- epidemiology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/71787578?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+acquired+immune+deficiency+syndromes+%281999%29&rft.atitle=Risk+networks+and+racial%2Fethnic+differences+in+the+prevalence+of+HIV+infection+among+injection+drug+users.&rft.au=Kottiri%2C+Benny+J%3BFriedman%2C+Samuel+R%3BNeaigus%2C+Alan%3BCurtis%2C+Richard%3BDes+Jarlais%2C+Don+C&rft.aulast=Kottiri&rft.aufirst=Benny&rft.date=2002-05-01&rft.volume=30&rft.issue=1&rft.spage=95&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+acquired+immune+deficiency+syndromes+%281999%29&rft.issn=15254135&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 2002-07-12 N1 - Date created - 2002-06-05 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Coalitions: partnerships to promote agricultural health and safety. AN - 71765924; 12046803 AB - Throughout the 1990s, a variety of partnerships and community-based organizations have been formed with the primary mission to promote agricultural safety and health. These groups are altruistic, creative, energetic, and provide critical perspectives for improving the safety and health of the agricultural workforce at the local, regional, and national levels. These coalitions have been created as a result of philanthropic support, public funding, grassroots interest, and personal experiences with agricultural injuries andfatalities. They are playing important roles in collaborating with researchers and in reaching the individual agricultural communities. They have been instrumental in conducting needs assessments and are critical to the development and implementation of successful surveillance programs and interventions. Outreach and dissemination of research findings and other safety and health information to target audiences are strengths of these diverse coalitions. This article will focus on primarily community-based coalitions, providing an overview of the development, foci, membership activities, and contributions or impact of these groups during the 1990s and the challenges in maintaining and sustaining the coalitions. This information should be useful to those seeking to understand the activities of existing coalitions and identify potential partnerships for future activities. JF - Journal of agricultural safety and health AU - Palermo, T AU - Ehlers, J AD - National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, Morgantown, West Virginia 26505-2888, USA. tpalermo@cdc.gov Y1 - 2002/05// PY - 2002 DA - May 2002 SP - 161 EP - 174 VL - 8 IS - 2 SN - 1074-7583, 1074-7583 KW - Index Medicus KW - United States KW - Humans KW - Agriculture KW - Occupational Health KW - Accidents, Occupational -- prevention & control KW - Health Promotion -- organization & administration KW - Community-Institutional Relations KW - Health Care Coalitions UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/71765924?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+agricultural+safety+and+health&rft.atitle=Coalitions%3A+partnerships+to+promote+agricultural+health+and+safety.&rft.au=Palermo%2C+T%3BEhlers%2C+J&rft.aulast=Palermo&rft.aufirst=T&rft.date=2002-05-01&rft.volume=8&rft.issue=2&rft.spage=161&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+agricultural+safety+and+health&rft.issn=10747583&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 2002-12-06 N1 - Date created - 2002-06-05 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Wildland forest fire smoke: health effects and intervention evaluation, Hoopa, California, 1999. AN - 71693585; 12016236 AB - To assess the health effects of exposure to smoke from the fifth largest US wildfire of 1999 and to evaluate whether participation in interventions to reduce smoke exposure prevented adverse lower respiratory tract health effects among residents of the Hoopa Valley National Indian Reservation in northwestern California. Observational study: epidemiologists from the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention retrospectively reviewed medical records at the local medical center and conducted survey interviews of reservation residents. Humboldt County, California. Interviews were completed with 289 of 385 residents, representing 26% of the households on the reservation. Of the 289 participants, 92 (31.8%) had preexisting cardiopulmonary conditions. During the weeks of the forest fire, medical visits for respiratory illnesses increased by 217 visits (from 417 to 634 visits, or by 52%) over the previous year. Survey results indicated that although 181 (62.6%) of 289 participants reported worsening lower respiratory tract symptoms, those with preexisting cardiopulmonary conditions reported more symptoms before, during, and after the smoke episode. An increased duration of the use of high-efficiency particulate air cleaners and the recollection of public service announcements were associated with a reduced odds of reporting adverse health effects of the lower respiratory tract. No protective effects were observed for duration of mask use or evacuation. Timely actions undertaken by the clinical staff of the local medical center appeared beneficial to the respiratory health of the community. Future programs that reduce economic barriers to evacuation during smoke episodes may also improve intervention participation rates and decrease smoke exposures. Although promising, the effectiveness of these and other interventions need to be confirmed in a prospective community intervention trial. JF - The Western journal of medicine AU - Mott, Joshua A AU - Meyer, Pamela AU - Mannino, David AU - Redd, Stephen C AU - Smith, Eva M AU - Gotway-Crawford, Carol AU - Chase, Emmett AD - Air Pollution and Respiratory Health Branch, National Center for Environmental Health, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), 1600 Clifton Rd NE, Mailstop E-17, Atlanta, GA 30333, USA. zud9@cdc.gov Y1 - 2002/05// PY - 2002 DA - May 2002 SP - 157 EP - 162 VL - 176 IS - 3 SN - 0093-0415, 0093-0415 KW - Smoke KW - 0 KW - Abridged Index Medicus KW - Index Medicus KW - California KW - Odds Ratio KW - Air Pollution -- adverse effects KW - Logistic Models KW - Humans KW - Health Surveys KW - Adult KW - Retrospective Studies KW - Middle Aged KW - Male KW - Female KW - Smoke -- adverse effects KW - Respiratory Tract Diseases -- prevention & control KW - Fires KW - Respiratory Tract Diseases -- epidemiology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/71693585?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Western+journal+of+medicine&rft.atitle=Wildland+forest+fire+smoke%3A+health+effects+and+intervention+evaluation%2C+Hoopa%2C+California%2C+1999.&rft.au=Mott%2C+Joshua+A%3BMeyer%2C+Pamela%3BMannino%2C+David%3BRedd%2C+Stephen+C%3BSmith%2C+Eva+M%3BGotway-Crawford%2C+Carol%3BChase%2C+Emmett&rft.aulast=Mott&rft.aufirst=Joshua&rft.date=2002-05-01&rft.volume=176&rft.issue=3&rft.spage=157&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=The+Western+journal+of+medicine&rft.issn=00930415&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 2002-07-10 N1 - Date created - 2002-05-17 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - SuppNotes - Cited By: J Occup Med. 1991 Nov;33(11):1163-7 [1765858] Am J Public Health. 2001 Feb;91(2):292-6 [11211642] Am Ind Hyg Assoc J. 1985 Jun;46(6):308-12 [4014006] Am J Public Health. 1987 Feb;77(2):153-60 [3541650] Arch Environ Health. 1990 Jan-Feb;45(1):53-8 [2180383] JAMA. 1990 Jul 18;264(3):359-65 [2362332] West J Med. 1993 Feb;158(2):133-8 [8434462] J Psychoactive Drugs. 1993 Jul-Sep;25(3):223-37 [8258760] Am J Infect Control. 1994 Apr;22(2):65-74 [8060007] Am J Ind Med. 1997 May;31(5):503-9 [9099351] MMWR Morb Mortal Wkly Rep. 1999 Feb 5;48(4):78-9 [10023629] Comment In: West J Med. 2002 May;176(3):162-3 [12016237] N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - A Norwalk-like virus outbreak on the Appalachian Trail. AN - 71684941; 12004584 AB - In May and June 1999, an outbreak of acute gastrointestinal illness occurred among long-distance hikers on the Appalachian Trail between Catawba and Troutville, Virginia. An investigation found that 45 out of 70 hikers had become ill within two days of arriving in Catawba, Virginia. Water samples were collected from a general store frequented by the hikers and from several nearby buildings and a popular all-you-can-eat restaurant. Symptoms were consistent with those caused by Norwalk-like viruses, and laboratory diagnosis detected Norwalk-like viruses in stool and serum specimens. People who consumed food items prepared at the general store were almost twice as likely to become ill as persons who did not consume those foods. Environmental sampling of water from the taps inside and outside the general store and from several surrounding establishments in Catawba found contamination by fecal coliform bacteria but not by Norwalk-like virus. Since several hikers reported illness prior to arriving at Catawba, person-to-person transmission of a highly contagious agent such as Norwalk-like virus could not be ruled out. Poor sanitation, scarce water supplies, and crowding can increase the risk of gastrointestinal illness among long-distance hikers. JF - Journal of environmental health AU - Peipins, Lucy A AU - Highfill, Kathy A AU - Barrett, Elizabeth AU - Monti, Michele M AU - Hackler, Robert AU - Huang, PengweI AU - Jiang, Xi AD - Agency for Toxic Substances and Disease Registry, 1600 Clifton Rd., NE, E-31, Atlanta, GA 30333, USA. lbp6@cdc.gov Y1 - 2002/05// PY - 2002 DA - May 2002 SP - 18 EP - 23, 32 VL - 64 IS - 9 SN - 0022-0892, 0022-0892 KW - DNA, Viral KW - 0 KW - Index Medicus KW - Recreation KW - Virginia -- epidemiology KW - Humans KW - Appalachian Region -- epidemiology KW - Walking KW - Maryland -- epidemiology KW - Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction KW - Disease Transmission, Infectious KW - Caliciviridae Infections -- epidemiology KW - Water Supply KW - Norwalk virus -- isolation & purification KW - Caliciviridae Infections -- transmission KW - Norwalk virus -- pathogenicity KW - Disease Outbreaks KW - Gastroenteritis -- epidemiology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/71684941?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+environmental+health&rft.atitle=A+Norwalk-like+virus+outbreak+on+the+Appalachian+Trail.&rft.au=Peipins%2C+Lucy+A%3BHighfill%2C+Kathy+A%3BBarrett%2C+Elizabeth%3BMonti%2C+Michele+M%3BHackler%2C+Robert%3BHuang%2C+PengweI%3BJiang%2C+Xi&rft.aulast=Peipins&rft.aufirst=Lucy&rft.date=2002-05-01&rft.volume=64&rft.issue=9&rft.spage=18&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+environmental+health&rft.issn=00220892&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 2002-11-05 N1 - Date created - 2002-05-13 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Heat-related illness: current status of prevention efforts. AN - 71658922; 11988389 JF - American journal of preventive medicine AU - Kilbourne, Edwin M AD - Agency for Toxic Substances and Disease Registry, Atlanta, Georgia 30333, USA. ekilbourne@cdc.gov Y1 - 2002/05// PY - 2002 DA - May 2002 SP - 328 EP - 329 VL - 22 IS - 4 SN - 0749-3797, 0749-3797 KW - Index Medicus KW - Environment KW - Housing KW - Humans KW - Aged KW - Middle Aged KW - Chicago KW - Heat Stroke -- prevention & control KW - Heat Stroke -- etiology KW - Heat Stroke -- mortality KW - Air Conditioning KW - Social Isolation UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/71658922?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=American+journal+of+preventive+medicine&rft.atitle=Heat-related+illness%3A+current+status+of+prevention+efforts.&rft.au=Kilbourne%2C+Edwin+M&rft.aulast=Kilbourne&rft.aufirst=Edwin&rft.date=2002-05-01&rft.volume=22&rft.issue=4&rft.spage=328&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=American+journal+of+preventive+medicine&rft.issn=07493797&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 2002-06-05 N1 - Date created - 2002-05-03 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - SuppNotes - Comment On: Am J Prev Med. 2002 May;22(4):221-7 [11988377] N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Relation between housing age, housing value, and childhood blood lead levels in children in Jefferson County, Ky. AN - 71654653; 11988444 JF - American journal of public health AU - Kim, Dennis Y AU - Staley, Forrest AU - Curtis, Gerald AU - Buchanan, Sharunda AD - Lead Poisoning Prevention Branch, Division of Environmental Hazards and Health Effects, National Center for Environmental Health, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Ga 30333, USA. dmk4@cdc.gov Y1 - 2002/05// PY - 2002 DA - May 2002 SP - 769 EP - 772 VL - 92 IS - 5 SN - 0090-0036, 0090-0036 KW - Lead KW - 2P299V784P KW - Abridged Index Medicus KW - Index Medicus KW - Registries KW - Infant KW - Humans KW - Time Factors KW - Kentucky -- epidemiology KW - Child, Preschool KW - Lead Poisoning -- prevention & control KW - Housing -- standards KW - Environmental Exposure -- analysis KW - Housing -- economics KW - Lead Poisoning -- epidemiology KW - Lead Poisoning -- etiology KW - Environmental Exposure -- adverse effects KW - Lead -- analysis KW - Lead -- blood UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/71654653?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=American+journal+of+public+health&rft.atitle=Relation+between+housing+age%2C+housing+value%2C+and+childhood+blood+lead+levels+in+children+in+Jefferson+County%2C+Ky.&rft.au=Kim%2C+Dennis+Y%3BStaley%2C+Forrest%3BCurtis%2C+Gerald%3BBuchanan%2C+Sharunda&rft.aulast=Kim&rft.aufirst=Dennis&rft.date=2002-05-01&rft.volume=92&rft.issue=5&rft.spage=769&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=American+journal+of+public+health&rft.issn=00900036&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 2002-05-15 N1 - Date created - 2002-05-03 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - SuppNotes - Cited By: Environ Health Perspect. 2001 Jan;109(1):89-94 [11171530] MMWR Morb Mortal Wkly Rep. 2001 Apr 6;50(13):246-8 [11310570] MMWR Morb Mortal Wkly Rep. 1997 Feb 21;46(7):141-6 [9072671] Environ Health Perspect. 1998 Nov;106(11):745-50 [9799191] N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - In vitro activity of a new cephalosporin, RWJ-54428, against streptococci, enterococci and staphylococci, including glycopeptide-intermediate Staphylococcus aureus AN - 18478395; 5448639 AB - The need for new antimicrobial agents with activity against Gram-positive organisms has become increasingly important because of emerging resistance. We compared the activity of a new b-lactam antimicrobial agent, RWJ-54428 (MC-02 479), with representatives of other classes of antimicrobial agents against 76 Staphylococcus aureus (including four glycopeptide- intermediate strains), 50 coagulase-negative staphylococci, 20 Enterococcus faecalis, 20 Enterococcus faecium, 10 Enterococcus gallinarum/Enterococcus casseliflavus, 54 Streptococcus pneumoniae and 22 viridans streptococcal isolates. The MIC sub(90) of RWJ-54428 was [<=]2 mg/L for all groups of bacteria tested except E. faecium. The activity against four strains of glycopeptide- intermediate S. aureus was similar to that for other methicillin-resistant S. aureus isolates (range 0.5 2.0 mg/L). JF - Journal of Antimicrobial Chemotherapy AU - Swenson, J M AU - Tenover, F C AD - Anti-infectives Investigation Section, Epidemiology and Laboratory Branch, Division of Healthcare Quality Promotion, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Mailstop G08, 1600 Clifton Road N.E., Atlanta, GA 30333, USA, jms1@cdc.gov Y1 - 2002/05// PY - 2002 DA - May 2002 SP - 845 EP - 850 VL - 49 IS - 5 SN - 0305-7453, 0305-7453 KW - RWJ-54428 KW - Microbiology Abstracts A: Industrial & Applied Microbiology; Microbiology Abstracts B: Bacteriology KW - J 02785:Beta-lactam antibiotics KW - A 01069:Antimicrobial & microbiocidal UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/18478395?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologyb&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Antimicrobial+Chemotherapy&rft.atitle=In+vitro+activity+of+a+new+cephalosporin%2C+RWJ-54428%2C+against+streptococci%2C+enterococci+and+staphylococci%2C+including+glycopeptide-intermediate+Staphylococcus+aureus&rft.au=Swenson%2C+J+M%3BTenover%2C+F+C&rft.aulast=Swenson&rft.aufirst=J&rft.date=2002-05-01&rft.volume=49&rft.issue=5&rft.spage=845&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+Antimicrobial+Chemotherapy&rft.issn=03057453&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Assignment of Additional Anticapsular Antibody Concentrations to the Neisseria meningitidis Group A, C, Y, and W-135 Meningococcal Standard Reference Serum CDC1992 AN - 18473344; 5439588 AB - We assigned additional enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay antibody concentrations (immunoglobulin G (IgG), IgM, and IgA, and total) to the Neisseria meningitidis standard reference serum CDC1992 for groups Y and W- 135 to 12 Centers for Disease Control and Prevention quality control sera. These assignments will supplement previous assignments and will aid in the evaluation of present and developing vaccines. JF - Clinical and Diagnostic Laboratory Immunology AU - Elie, C M AU - Holder, P K AU - Romero-Steiner, S AU - Carlone, G M AD - Mailstop A-36, Division of Bacterial and Mycotic Diseases, National Center for Infectious Disease, CDC, Atlanta, GA 30333, celie@cdc.gov Y1 - 2002/05// PY - 2002 DA - May 2002 SP - 725 EP - 726 VL - 9 IS - 3 SN - 1071-412X, 1071-412X KW - man KW - Immunology Abstracts; Microbiology Abstracts B: Bacteriology KW - J 02834:Vaccination and immunization KW - F 06807:Active immunization UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/18473344?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologyb&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Clinical+and+Diagnostic+Laboratory+Immunology&rft.atitle=Assignment+of+Additional+Anticapsular+Antibody+Concentrations+to+the+Neisseria+meningitidis+Group+A%2C+C%2C+Y%2C+and+W-135+Meningococcal+Standard+Reference+Serum+CDC1992&rft.au=Elie%2C+C+M%3BHolder%2C+P+K%3BRomero-Steiner%2C+S%3BCarlone%2C+G+M&rft.aulast=Elie&rft.aufirst=C&rft.date=2002-05-01&rft.volume=9&rft.issue=3&rft.spage=725&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Clinical+and+Diagnostic+Laboratory+Immunology&rft.issn=1071412X&rft_id=info:doi/10.1128%2FCDLI.9.3.725-726.2002 LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/CDLI.9.3.725-726.2002 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Temperature-Mediated Heteroduplex Analysis Performed by Using Denaturing High-Performance Liquid Chromatography To Identify Sequence Polymorphisms in Mycobacterium tuberculosis Complex Organisms AN - 18455993; 5430886 AB - PCR products containing sequence polymorphisms were prepared from six mycobacterial genes, denatured, mixed with reference PCR products, and reannealed; the mixtures were then examined with a denaturing high-performance liquid chromatography system (WAVE) equipped with a temperature-controlled alkalated polystyrene divinyl benzene column. Mismatching of bases in heteroduplexes of the PCR products causes elution patterns of the DNA from the column to be altered. The six mycobacterial genes studied were oxyR, in which a specific polymorphism (G sub(1031)A) is found only in certain species of the Mycobacterium tuberculosis complex, and five genes in which mutations associated with antituberculosis drug resistance have been found. The resistance genes (with affected drug and PCR product sizes given parenthetically) were rpoB (rifampin; 258 bp), katG (isoniazid; 205 bp), pncA (pyrazinamide; 579 bp); rpsL (streptomycin; 196 bp), and embB (ethambutol; 185 bp). Elution patterns of heteroduplexes of all 20 polymorphisms studied shifted detectably at column temperatures ranging from 65.3 to 68 degree C and elution times of 3.5 to 6 min. These results show that temperature-mediated heteroduplex analysis is a potentially useful genotypic screen for mutations associated with antituberculosis drug resistance and for the G sub(1031)A polymorphism in oxyR. The method may allow users to detect novel as well as heterogeneous mutations without using expensive kits or detection labels. JF - Journal of Clinical Microbiology AU - Cooksey, R C AU - Morlock, G P AU - Holloway, B P AU - Limor, J AU - Hepburn, M AD - Tuberculosis/Mycobacteriology Branch, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Mail stop F-08, Atlanta, GA 30333., rcc1@cdc.gov Y1 - 2002/05// PY - 2002 DA - May 2002 SP - 1610 EP - 1616 VL - 40 IS - 5 SN - 0095-1137, 0095-1137 KW - divinyl benzene KW - ethambutol KW - isoniazid KW - streptomycin KW - Microbiology Abstracts B: Bacteriology KW - J 02725:DNA UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/18455993?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologyb&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Clinical+Microbiology&rft.atitle=Temperature-Mediated+Heteroduplex+Analysis+Performed+by+Using+Denaturing+High-Performance+Liquid+Chromatography+To+Identify+Sequence+Polymorphisms+in+Mycobacterium+tuberculosis+Complex+Organisms&rft.au=Cooksey%2C+R+C%3BMorlock%2C+G+P%3BHolloway%2C+B+P%3BLimor%2C+J%3BHepburn%2C+M&rft.aulast=Cooksey&rft.aufirst=R&rft.date=2002-05-01&rft.volume=40&rft.issue=5&rft.spage=1610&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+Clinical+Microbiology&rft.issn=00951137&rft_id=info:doi/10.1128%2FJCM.40.5.1610-1616.2002 LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/JCM.40.5.1610-1616.2002 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Characterization of Mycobacterium tuberculosis Complex Isolates from the Cerebrospinal Fluid of Meningitis Patients at Six Fever Hospitals in Egypt AN - 18454779; 5430889 AB - Mycobacterium tuberculosis complex isolates from cerebrospinal fluid of 67 meningitis patients were obtained from six fever hospitals in Egypt. One M. bovis and 66 M. tuberculosis isolates were identified by PCR- restriction fragment length polymorphism (RFLP) analysis of oxyR. Among the M. tuberculosis isolates, 53 unique strain types (with 3 to 16 copies of IS6110) were found by RFLP analyses. Nine clusters (eight with two isolates each and one with six isolates) were also found. Thirty-six spoligotypes, including at least 10 that have been previously reported from other countries, were also observed. Forty-one (62.1%) of the isolates were in spoligotype clusters, and 22 (33%) of the isolates were in RFLP clusters. Fifty-one of the isolates were susceptible in vitro to all of the antituberculosis drugs tested, 11 were monoresistant to capreomycin, rifampin, isoniazid (INH), pyrazinamide, or streptomycin (STR), 4 were resistant to STR and INH, and 1 was resistant to STR, INH, and ethambutol. JF - Journal of Clinical Microbiology AU - Cooksey, R C AU - Abbadi, SH AU - Woodley, CL AU - Sikes, D AU - Wasfy, M AU - Crawford, J T AU - Mahoney, F AD - Tuberculosis/Mycobacteriology Branch, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Mail Stop F-08, Atlanta, GA 30333., rcc1@cdc.gov Y1 - 2002/05// PY - 2002 DA - May 2002 SP - 1651 EP - 1655 VL - 40 IS - 5 SN - 0095-1137, 0095-1137 KW - capreomycin KW - isoniazid KW - pyrazinamide KW - rifampin KW - streptomycin KW - Microbiology Abstracts B: Bacteriology KW - J 02848:Nervous system UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/18454779?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologyb&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Clinical+Microbiology&rft.atitle=Characterization+of+Mycobacterium+tuberculosis+Complex+Isolates+from+the+Cerebrospinal+Fluid+of+Meningitis+Patients+at+Six+Fever+Hospitals+in+Egypt&rft.au=Cooksey%2C+R+C%3BAbbadi%2C+SH%3BWoodley%2C+CL%3BSikes%2C+D%3BWasfy%2C+M%3BCrawford%2C+J+T%3BMahoney%2C+F&rft.aulast=Cooksey&rft.aufirst=R&rft.date=2002-05-01&rft.volume=40&rft.issue=5&rft.spage=1651&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+Clinical+Microbiology&rft.issn=00951137&rft_id=info:doi/10.1128%2FJCM.40.5.1651-1655.2002 LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/JCM.40.5.1651-1655.2002 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Variable-Number Tandem Repeat Typing of Mycobacterium tuberculosis Isolates with Low Copy Numbers of IS6110 by Using Mycobacterial Interspersed Repetitive Units AN - 18453929; 5430885 AB - A study set of 180 Mycobacterium tuberculosis and Mycobacterium bovis isolates having low copy numbers of IS6110 were genotyped using the recently introduced method based on the variable-number tandem repeats of mycobacterial interspersed repetitive units (MIRU-VNTR). The results were compared with results of the more commonly used methods, IS6110 restriction fragment length polymorphism (RFLP) and spoligotyping. The isolates were collected in Michigan from 1996 to 1999 as part of a project to genotype all isolates from new cases of tuberculosis in the state. Twelve MIRU loci were amplified, and the amplicons were analyzed by agarose gel electrophoresis to determine the copy number at each MIRU locus. MIRU-VNTR produced more distinct patterns (80 patterns) than did IS6110 RFLP (58 patterns), as would be expected in this study set. Spoligotyping identified 59 patterns. No single method defined all unique isolates, and the combination of all three typing methods generated 112 distinct patterns identifying 90 unique isolates and 90 isolates in 22 clusters. The results confirm the potential utility of MIRU-VNTR typing and show that typing with multiple methods is required to attain maximum specificity. JF - Journal of Clinical Microbiology AU - Cowan, L S AU - Mosher, L AU - Diem, L AU - Massey, J P AU - Crawford, J T AD - Mailstop F08, NCID/DASTLR, CDC, 1600 Clifton Rd., Atlanta, GA 30333., JCrawford@cdc.gov Y1 - 2002/05// PY - 2002 DA - May 2002 SP - 1592 EP - 1602 VL - 40 IS - 5 SN - 0095-1137, 0095-1137 KW - insertion sequence IS6110 KW - Microbiology Abstracts B: Bacteriology KW - J 02725:DNA KW - J 02710:Identification, taxonomy and typing KW - J 02740:Genetics and evolution UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/18453929?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologyb&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Clinical+Microbiology&rft.atitle=Variable-Number+Tandem+Repeat+Typing+of+Mycobacterium+tuberculosis+Isolates+with+Low+Copy+Numbers+of+IS6110+by+Using+Mycobacterial+Interspersed+Repetitive+Units&rft.au=Cowan%2C+L+S%3BMosher%2C+L%3BDiem%2C+L%3BMassey%2C+J+P%3BCrawford%2C+J+T&rft.aulast=Cowan&rft.aufirst=L&rft.date=2002-05-01&rft.volume=40&rft.issue=5&rft.spage=1592&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+Clinical+Microbiology&rft.issn=00951137&rft_id=info:doi/10.1128%2FJCM.40.5.1592-1602.2002 LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/JCM.40.5.1592-1602.2002 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Protection Against Lyme Disease Spirochete Transmission Provided by Prompt Removal of Nymphal Ixodes scapularis (Acari: Ixodidae) AN - 18413929; 5400561 AB - Public health recommendations for Lyme disease prevention generally include daily tick checks and prompt removal of attached ticks as a means of decreasing the risk of acquiring Lyme disease in highly endemic regions. In the current study, we determined whether crushing nymphal ticks during removal with forceps increased the risk of B. burgdorferi transmission, what degree of protection from transmission of B. burgdorferi was provided by removal of nymphal Ixodes scapularis Say at specific intervals, and whether commercial devices marketed for tick removal worked when tested against nymphal I. scapularis. Both removal via gentle pressure (26% transmission) or crushing the tick (30% transmission) caused a significant decrease in transmission as compared with the sham control (70% transmission). The degree of protection provided via tick removal decreased steadily up to 60 h of attachment; between 60 and 66 h, a dramatic falloff in protection occurred to the point where no protection was observed at 66 h. Finally, commercial tick removal devices varied widely in their efficacy for the removal of attached nymphal I. scapularis. JF - Journal of Medical Entomology AU - Piesman, J AU - Dolan, M C Y1 - 2002/05// PY - 2002 DA - May 2002 SP - 509 EP - 512 PB - Entomological Society of America VL - 39 IS - 3 SN - 0022-2585, 0022-2585 KW - Acari KW - Deer tick KW - Ticks KW - removal KW - Entomology Abstracts; Microbiology Abstracts B: Bacteriology KW - J 02855:Human Bacteriology: Others KW - J 02870:Invertebrate bacteriology KW - Z 05206:Medical & veterinary entomology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/18413929?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologyb&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Medical+Entomology&rft.atitle=Protection+Against+Lyme+Disease+Spirochete+Transmission+Provided+by+Prompt+Removal+of+Nymphal+Ixodes+scapularis+%28Acari%3A+Ixodidae%29&rft.au=Piesman%2C+J%3BDolan%2C+M+C&rft.aulast=Piesman&rft.aufirst=J&rft.date=2002-05-01&rft.volume=39&rft.issue=3&rft.spage=509&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+Medical+Entomology&rft.issn=00222585&rft_id=info:doi/10.1043%2F0022-2585%282002%29039%280509%3APALDST%292.0.CO%3B2 L2 - http://journals.allenpress.com/jrnlserv/?request=get-abstract&issn=0022-2585&volume=39&page=509 LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1043/0022-2585(2002)039(0509:PALDST)2.0.CO;2 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Epidemiology of musculoskeletal injuries among sedentary and physically active adults AN - 18403897; 5397901 AB - Purpose: This study describes the types and frequencies of musculoskeletal injuries among a cohort of adults with above average activity levels who were enrolled in the Aerobics Center Longitudinal Study (Dallas, TX). Methods: Participants were adults aged 20-85 yr who completed a baseline clinical examination (1970-1982) and returned a mailed follow-up survey in 1986. Participants (5,028 men, 1,285 women) were measured for aerobic fitness, height, and body weight during the baseline examination. They reported detailed information about their physical activity levels and injury experiences on the follow-up survey (1986). An injury was defined as any self-reported soft tissue or bone injury that occurred within the previous 12 months. Activity-related injuries were those injuries participants attributed to participation in a formal exercise program. Results: A quarter of all participants reported a musculoskeletal injury. Of these, 83% were activity-related. More than 66% of activity-related injuries occurred in the lower extremity; the knee was listed as the joint most often affected. There were no significant sex differences in the prevalence of injury, regardless of cause. Sport participants had the highest proportion of all-cause and activity-related musculoskeletal injuries among both men and women. Self-perceived severe injuries had a significant negative impact on physical activity levels since almost 1/3 of subjects reported permanently stopping their exercise program after injury. Conclusion: These results suggest the need for developing and implementing injury prevention programs targeted toward moderately active adults. JF - Medicine & Science in Sports & Exercise AU - Hootman, J M AU - Macera, CA AU - Ainsworth, B E AU - Addy, CL AU - Martin, M AU - Blair, S N AD - National Center for Chronic Disease Prevention and Health Promotion, Division of Adult and Community Health, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA, USA Y1 - 2002/05// PY - 2002 DA - May 2002 SP - 838 EP - 844 VL - 34 IS - 5 SN - 0195-9131, 0195-9131 KW - Physical Education Index KW - PE 090:Sports Medicine & Exercise Sport Science UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/18403897?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aphysicaleducation&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Medicine+%26+Science+in+Sports+%26+Exercise&rft.atitle=Epidemiology+of+musculoskeletal+injuries+among+sedentary+and+physically+active+adults&rft.au=Hootman%2C+J+M%3BMacera%2C+CA%3BAinsworth%2C+B+E%3BAddy%2C+CL%3BMartin%2C+M%3BBlair%2C+S+N&rft.aulast=Hootman&rft.aufirst=J&rft.date=2002-05-01&rft.volume=34&rft.issue=5&rft.spage=838&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Medicine+%26+Science+in+Sports+%26+Exercise&rft.issn=01959131&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - Physical Education Index N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Factors associated with pilot fatalities in work-related aircraft crashes--Alaska, 1990-1999. AN - 71692721; 12004985 AB - Despite its large geographic area, Alaska has only 12,200 miles of public roads, and 90% of the state's communities are not connected to a highway system. Commuter and air-taxi flights are essential for transportation of passengers and delivery of goods, services, and mail to outlying communities (Figure 1). Because of the substantial progress in decreasing fatalities in the fishing and logging industries, aviation crashes are the leading cause of occupational death in Alaska. During 1990-1999, aircraft crashes in Alaska caused 107 deaths among workers classified as civilian pilots. This is equivalent to 410 fatalities per 100,000 pilots each year, approximately five times the death rate for all U.S. pilots and approximately 100 times the death rate for all U.S. workers. As part of a collaborative aviation safety initiative that CDC's National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH) is implementing with the Federal Aviation Administration (FAA), the National Transportation Safety Board (NTSB), and the National Weather Service, CDC analyzed data from NTSB crash reports to determine factors associated with pilot fatalities in work-related aviation crashes in Alaska. This report summarizes the result of this analysis, which found that the following factors were associated with pilot fatalities: crashes involving a post-crash fire, flights in darkness or weather conditions requiring instrument use, crashes occurring away from an airport, and crashes in which the pilot was not using a shoulder restraint. Additional pilot training, improved fuel systems that are less likely to ignite in crashes, and company policies that discourage flying in poor weather conditions might help decrease pilot fatalities. More detailed analyses of crash data, collaborations with aircraft operators to improve safety, and evaluation of new technologies are needed. JF - MMWR. Morbidity and mortality weekly report AU - Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) AD - Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) Y1 - 2002/04/26/ PY - 2002 DA - 2002 Apr 26 SP - 347 EP - 349 VL - 51 IS - 16 SN - 0149-2195, 0149-2195 KW - Index Medicus KW - Risk KW - Humans KW - Alaska -- epidemiology KW - Aircraft KW - Accidents, Aviation -- mortality KW - Accidents, Occupational -- mortality UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/71692721?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=MMWR.+Morbidity+and+mortality+weekly+report&rft.atitle=Factors+associated+with+pilot+fatalities+in+work-related+aircraft+crashes--Alaska%2C+1990-1999.&rft.au=Centers+for+Disease+Control+and+Prevention+%28CDC%29&rft.aulast=Centers+for+Disease+Control+and+Prevention+%28CDC%29&rft.aufirst=&rft.date=2002-04-26&rft.volume=51&rft.issue=16&rft.spage=347&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=MMWR.+Morbidity+and+mortality+weekly+report&rft.issn=01492195&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 2002-05-21 N1 - Date created - 2002-05-13 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - SuppNotes - Erratum In: MMWR Morb Mortal Wkly Rep 2002 May 10;51(18):407 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Fixed obstructive lung disease in workers at a microwave popcorn factory--Missouri, 2000-2002. AN - 71692673; 12004984 AB - In May 2000, an occupational medicine physician contacted the Missouri Department of Health and Senior Services (MoDHSS) to report eight cases of fixed obstructive lung disease in former workers of a microwave popcorn factory. Four of the patients were on lung transplant lists. All eight had a respiratory illness resembling bronchiolitis obliterans with symptoms of cough and dyspnea on exertion, had worked at the same popcorn factory (factory A) at some time during 1992-2000, and had spirometric test results that were lower than normal for both FEV1 (forced expiratory volume in 1 second) and FEV1/FVC (forced vital capacity) ratio. Employment durations ranged from 8 months to 9 years. MoDHSS requested assistance from CDC's National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health in evaluating factory A for respiratory hazards to workers. This report summarizes the epidemiologic findings motivating the technical assistance request and preliminary results. The findings of this investigation indicate that workers exposed to flavorings at microwave popcorn factories are at risk for developing fixed obstructive lung disease. Public health authorities, employers, and health-care providers are collaborating to prevent obstructive lung disease in popcorn factory workers. JF - MMWR. Morbidity and mortality weekly report AU - Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) AD - Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) Y1 - 2002/04/26/ PY - 2002 DA - 2002 Apr 26 SP - 345 EP - 347 VL - 51 IS - 16 SN - 0149-2195, 0149-2195 KW - Flavoring Agents KW - 0 KW - Index Medicus KW - Missouri KW - Humans KW - Volatilization KW - Bronchiolitis Obliterans -- epidemiology KW - Flavoring Agents -- adverse effects KW - Occupational Exposure -- adverse effects KW - Occupational Diseases -- epidemiology KW - Food-Processing Industry KW - Lung Diseases, Obstructive -- epidemiology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/71692673?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=MMWR.+Morbidity+and+mortality+weekly+report&rft.atitle=Fixed+obstructive+lung+disease+in+workers+at+a+microwave+popcorn+factory--Missouri%2C+2000-2002.&rft.au=Centers+for+Disease+Control+and+Prevention+%28CDC%29&rft.aulast=Centers+for+Disease+Control+and+Prevention+%28CDC%29&rft.aufirst=&rft.date=2002-04-26&rft.volume=51&rft.issue=16&rft.spage=345&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=MMWR.+Morbidity+and+mortality+weekly+report&rft.issn=01492195&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 2002-05-21 N1 - Date created - 2002-05-13 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Respiratory illness in workers exposed to metalworking fluid contaminated with nontuberculous mycobacteria--Ohio, 2001. AN - 71672934; 12004986 AB - In January 2001, three machinists at an automobile brake manufacturing facility in Ohio (plant A) were hospitalized with respiratory illness characterized by dyspnea, cough, fatigue, weight loss, hypoxia, and pulmonary infiltrates. Hypersensitivity pneumonitis (HP) was diagnosed in all three workers. In March 2001, additional employees began seeking medical attention for respiratory and systemic symptoms. In May 2001, union and management representatives requested assistance from CDC's National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH) in determining the cause of the illnesses and preventing further illness in employees. This report describes two case reports and the preliminary results of the ongoing investigation, which found that exposure to aerosolized nontuberculous mycobacteria (NTM) might be contributing to the observed respiratory illnesses in this manufacturing facility. Clinicians and public health professionals should be alert to the variable presentation of occupational respiratory disease that might occur in workers in the machining industry. JF - MMWR. Morbidity and mortality weekly report AU - Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) AD - Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) Y1 - 2002/04/26/ PY - 2002 DA - 2002 Apr 26 SP - 349 EP - 352 VL - 51 IS - 16 SN - 0149-2195, 0149-2195 KW - Aerosols KW - 0 KW - Index Medicus KW - Humans KW - Ohio -- epidemiology KW - Middle Aged KW - Alveolitis, Extrinsic Allergic -- epidemiology KW - Male KW - Female KW - Mycobacterium KW - Industrial Oils KW - Respiratory Tract Diseases -- epidemiology KW - Occupational Exposure -- adverse effects KW - Occupational Diseases -- epidemiology KW - Air Microbiology KW - Automobiles UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/71672934?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=MMWR.+Morbidity+and+mortality+weekly+report&rft.atitle=Respiratory+illness+in+workers+exposed+to+metalworking+fluid+contaminated+with+nontuberculous+mycobacteria--Ohio%2C+2001.&rft.au=Centers+for+Disease+Control+and+Prevention+%28CDC%29&rft.aulast=Centers+for+Disease+Control+and+Prevention+%28CDC%29&rft.aufirst=&rft.date=2002-04-26&rft.volume=51&rft.issue=16&rft.spage=349&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=MMWR.+Morbidity+and+mortality+weekly+report&rft.issn=01492195&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 2002-05-21 N1 - Date created - 2002-05-13 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Neurologic illness associated with eating Florida pufferfish, 2002. AN - 71652645; 11990235 AB - Since January 1, 2002, human illness after eating pufferfish caught in waters near Titusville, Florida, has been reported (Figure 1). The illnesses were manifested by neurologic symptoms consistent with exposure to paralytic shellfish toxins. Laboratory analysis in early April confirmed the presence of saxitoxin in uneaten pufferfish. This report presents selected case examples and summarizes all cases reported to the Toxic Exposure Surveillance System of the American Association of Poison Control Centers (TESS). JF - MMWR. Morbidity and mortality weekly report AU - Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) AD - Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) Y1 - 2002/04/19/ PY - 2002 DA - 2002 Apr 19 SP - 321 EP - 323 VL - 51 IS - 15 SN - 0149-2195, 0149-2195 KW - Saxitoxin KW - 35523-89-8 KW - Index Medicus KW - Hypesthesia -- etiology KW - Paresthesia -- etiology KW - Foodborne Diseases -- epidemiology KW - Virginia -- epidemiology KW - Humans KW - Adult KW - Aged KW - Middle Aged KW - Male KW - Female KW - Florida -- epidemiology KW - Seafood -- poisoning KW - Tetraodontiformes -- metabolism KW - Saxitoxin -- analysis KW - Peripheral Nervous System Diseases -- etiology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/71652645?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=MMWR.+Morbidity+and+mortality+weekly+report&rft.atitle=Neurologic+illness+associated+with+eating+Florida+pufferfish%2C+2002.&rft.au=Centers+for+Disease+Control+and+Prevention+%28CDC%29&rft.aulast=Centers+for+Disease+Control+and+Prevention+%28CDC%29&rft.aufirst=&rft.date=2002-04-19&rft.volume=51&rft.issue=15&rft.spage=321&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=MMWR.+Morbidity+and+mortality+weekly+report&rft.issn=01492195&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 2002-05-14 N1 - Date created - 2002-05-06 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Preliminary FoodNet data on the incidence of foodborne illnesses--selected sites, United States, 2001. AN - 71651455; 11990237 AB - An estimated 76 million persons contract foodborne illnesses each year in the United States. CDC's Emerging Infections Program Foodborne Diseases Active Surveillance Network (FoodNet) collects data about 10 foodborne diseases in nine U.S. sites to quantify and monitor foodborne illnesses. This report describes preliminary surveillance data for 2001 and compares them with 1996-2000 data. The data show a decrease in the major bacterial foodborne illnesses, indicating progress toward meeting the national health objectives of reducing the incidence of foodborne diseases by 2010. However, the data do not show a sustained decline in some infections, indicating that increased efforts are needed to reduce further the incidence of foodborne illnesses. JF - MMWR. Morbidity and mortality weekly report AU - Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) AD - Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) Y1 - 2002/04/19/ PY - 2002 DA - 2002 Apr 19 SP - 325 EP - 329 VL - 51 IS - 15 SN - 0149-2195, 0149-2195 KW - Index Medicus KW - Humans KW - Incidence KW - United States -- epidemiology KW - Foodborne Diseases -- epidemiology KW - Population Surveillance UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/71651455?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=MMWR.+Morbidity+and+mortality+weekly+report&rft.atitle=Preliminary+FoodNet+data+on+the+incidence+of+foodborne+illnesses--selected+sites%2C+United+States%2C+2001.&rft.au=Centers+for+Disease+Control+and+Prevention+%28CDC%29&rft.aulast=Centers+for+Disease+Control+and+Prevention+%28CDC%29&rft.aufirst=&rft.date=2002-04-19&rft.volume=51&rft.issue=15&rft.spage=325&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=MMWR.+Morbidity+and+mortality+weekly+report&rft.issn=01492195&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 2002-05-14 N1 - Date created - 2002-05-06 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - d-MDMA during vitamin E deficiency: effects on dopaminergic neurotoxicity and hepatotoxicity. AN - 71569918; 11931860 AB - The mechanism of 3,4-methylenedioxymethamphetamine (d-MDMA)-induced neurotoxicity may involve formation of toxic radical species. Endogenous defenses against toxic radical species include tissue stores of vitamin E, and thiols. We examined whether vitamin E deficiency could alter d-MDMA-induced neurotoxicity by administration of the drug to animals with diet induced vitamin E deficiency. Brain vitamin E levels in deficient mice were reduced 75% compared to sufficient animals. Animals received d-MDMA 5 or 10 mg/kg or saline (delivered every 2 hx4, s.c.). Diet slightly altered d-MDMA-induced temperature modulation. In brain, MDMA treatment reduced vitamin E, total antioxidant reserve and protein thiols 72 h after the first dose. In liver, MDMA treatment reduced glutathione and total antioxidant reserve at the same time point. The vitamin E-deficient group, treated with the low dose of d-MDMA, exhibited neurotoxic responses, including reduced striatal dopamine (47%) and elevated GFAP protein (3-fold): while the sufficient diet group was not altered. The higher d-MDMA dose caused neurotoxic responses in both diet groups. Liver toxicity was determined by histopathologic examination. d-MDMA caused hepatic necrosis that was more severe in vitamin E deficient than sufficient mice. These data indicate that (1) d-MDMA administration reduces antioxidant measures at a time coincident with d-MDMA-induced neuronal damage and (2) vitamin E deficiency increases susceptibility to d-MDMA-induced neurotoxicity and hepatic necrosis. JF - Brain research AU - Johnson, Elizabeth Anne AU - Shvedova, Anna A AU - Kisin, Elena AU - O'Callaghan, James P AU - Kommineni, Choudari AU - Miller, Diane B AD - Chronic Stress Laboratory, Toxicology and Molecular Biology Branch, National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health/Centers for Disease Control, Mailstop 3014, 1095 Willowdale Road, 26505, Morgantown, WV, USA. edj@cdc.gov Y1 - 2002/04/19/ PY - 2002 DA - 2002 Apr 19 SP - 150 EP - 163 VL - 933 IS - 2 SN - 0006-8993, 0006-8993 KW - Adrenergic Uptake Inhibitors KW - 0 KW - Antioxidants KW - Free Radical Scavengers KW - Free Radicals KW - Neurotoxins KW - Vitamin E KW - 1406-18-4 KW - N-Methyl-3,4-methylenedioxyamphetamine KW - KE1SEN21RM KW - Dopamine KW - VTD58H1Z2X KW - Index Medicus KW - Animals KW - Cell Death -- physiology KW - Hepatocytes -- drug effects KW - Dose-Response Relationship, Drug KW - Body Temperature Regulation -- physiology KW - Food, Formulated KW - Vitamin E -- metabolism KW - Mice KW - Hepatocytes -- pathology KW - Mice, Inbred BALB C KW - Cell Death -- drug effects KW - Free Radicals -- metabolism KW - Body Temperature Regulation -- drug effects KW - Necrosis KW - Antioxidants -- metabolism KW - Down-Regulation -- physiology KW - Down-Regulation -- drug effects KW - Male KW - Free Radical Scavengers -- metabolism KW - Hepatocytes -- metabolism KW - Liver -- pathology KW - Neurons -- metabolism KW - Brain -- drug effects KW - Neurons -- drug effects KW - Dopamine -- metabolism KW - Liver -- metabolism KW - Brain -- metabolism KW - Neurotoxins -- toxicity KW - Neurons -- pathology KW - Vitamin E Deficiency -- physiopathology KW - Liver -- drug effects KW - Brain -- pathology KW - Vitamin E Deficiency -- pathology KW - N-Methyl-3,4-methylenedioxyamphetamine -- toxicity KW - Vitamin E Deficiency -- metabolism KW - Adrenergic Uptake Inhibitors -- toxicity UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/71569918?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Brain+research&rft.atitle=d-MDMA+during+vitamin+E+deficiency%3A+effects+on+dopaminergic+neurotoxicity+and+hepatotoxicity.&rft.au=Johnson%2C+Elizabeth+Anne%3BShvedova%2C+Anna+A%3BKisin%2C+Elena%3BO%27Callaghan%2C+James+P%3BKommineni%2C+Choudari%3BMiller%2C+Diane+B&rft.aulast=Johnson&rft.aufirst=Elizabeth&rft.date=2002-04-19&rft.volume=933&rft.issue=2&rft.spage=150&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Brain+research&rft.issn=00068993&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 2002-07-12 N1 - Date created - 2002-04-04 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Chronic treatment with supraphysiological levels of corticosterone enhances D-MDMA-induced dopaminergic neurotoxicity in the C57BL/6J female mouse. AN - 71564953; 11931857 AB - Chronic stress and extended periods of elevated circulating glucocorticoids have been reported to exacerbate excitotoxicity-induced hippocampal neuronal injury in rat. Despite continued interest in the effects of protracted exposure to stress or glucocorticoids, there has been little examination of how other types of neurotoxicity may be exacerbated or blocked, by stress. Here we examined the effects of chronic supraphysiologic levels of corticosterone on D-3,4-methylenedioxymethamphetamine (D-MDMA)-induced striatal dopaminergic neurotoxicity in the female C57BL/6J mouse. Corticosterone (5 mg, 15 mg or placebo) pellets were implanted to continuously elevate circulating glucocorticoids and create a model of the ultimate effect of chronic activation of the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis. After 7 days, a neurotoxic regimen of D-MDMA was administered (20 mg/kg s.c. every 2 hx4); thymus, spleen, striatum and hippocampus were collected 72 h later. Significant involution of thymus and spleen confirmed the bioavailability of the corticosterone at both dosages. D-MDMA increased the striatal levels of the astrocyte-localized protein glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP, a marker of gliosis); both dosages of corticosterone exacerbated this increase but only the 15 mg pellet exacerbated the decrease in tyrosine hydroxylase protein. Corticosterone alone or in combination with D-MDMA produced no neural injury in hippocampus, as measured by GFAP. Our work indicates corticosterone was able to increase the vulnerability of the striatum, but not the hippocampus to D-MDMA. An examination of other mouse strains and models of neurotoxic injury would be useful in determining the general validity of the glucocorticoid neuroendangerment hypothesis. JF - Brain research AU - Johnson, Elizabeth Anne AU - O'Callaghan, James P AU - Miller, Diane B AD - Chronic Stress and Molecular Neurotoxicology Laboratories, Toxicology and Molecular Biology Branch, National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health/Centers for Disease Control, 1095 Willowdale Road, Morgantown, WV 26505, USA. edj2@cdc.gov Y1 - 2002/04/19/ PY - 2002 DA - 2002 Apr 19 SP - 130 EP - 138 VL - 933 IS - 2 SN - 0006-8993, 0006-8993 KW - Adrenergic Uptake Inhibitors KW - 0 KW - Glial Fibrillary Acidic Protein KW - Neurotoxins KW - Serotonin KW - 333DO1RDJY KW - Hydroxyindoleacetic Acid KW - 54-16-0 KW - Tyrosine 3-Monooxygenase KW - EC 1.14.16.2 KW - N-Methyl-3,4-methylenedioxyamphetamine KW - KE1SEN21RM KW - Dopamine KW - VTD58H1Z2X KW - Corticosterone KW - W980KJ009P KW - Index Medicus KW - Animals KW - Tyrosine 3-Monooxygenase -- metabolism KW - Drug Administration Schedule KW - Organ Size -- physiology KW - Serotonin -- biosynthesis KW - Body Temperature -- drug effects KW - Dose-Response Relationship, Drug KW - Hydroxyindoleacetic Acid -- metabolism KW - Hippocampus -- metabolism KW - Glial Fibrillary Acidic Protein -- metabolism KW - Mice KW - Drug Interactions -- physiology KW - Hippocampus -- drug effects KW - Immune System -- drug effects KW - Down-Regulation -- physiology KW - Mice, Inbred C57BL KW - Body Temperature -- physiology KW - Hippocampus -- pathology KW - Immune System -- physiology KW - Down-Regulation -- drug effects KW - Female KW - Organ Size -- drug effects KW - Corticosterone -- secretion KW - Neurons -- metabolism KW - Neurons -- drug effects KW - Hypothalamo-Hypophyseal System -- physiopathology KW - Hypothalamo-Hypophyseal System -- metabolism KW - Neurotoxins -- toxicity KW - Stress, Physiological -- physiopathology KW - Neurons -- pathology KW - Corticosterone -- metabolism KW - Neostriatum -- metabolism KW - Stress, Physiological -- metabolism KW - Neostriatum -- drug effects KW - Dopamine -- biosynthesis KW - N-Methyl-3,4-methylenedioxyamphetamine -- toxicity KW - Adrenergic Uptake Inhibitors -- toxicity KW - Corticosterone -- pharmacology KW - Neostriatum -- pathology KW - Hypothalamo-Hypophyseal System -- secretion UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/71564953?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Brain+research&rft.atitle=Chronic+treatment+with+supraphysiological+levels+of+corticosterone+enhances+D-MDMA-induced+dopaminergic+neurotoxicity+in+the+C57BL%2F6J+female+mouse.&rft.au=Johnson%2C+Elizabeth+Anne%3BO%27Callaghan%2C+James+P%3BMiller%2C+Diane+B&rft.aulast=Johnson&rft.aufirst=Elizabeth&rft.date=2002-04-19&rft.volume=933&rft.issue=2&rft.spage=130&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Brain+research&rft.issn=00068993&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 2002-07-12 N1 - Date created - 2002-04-04 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Risk of influenza A (H5N1) infection among poultry workers, Hong Kong, 1997-1998. AN - 71558968; 11930308 AB - In 1997, outbreaks of highly pathogenic influenza A (H5N1) among poultry coincided with 18 documented human cases of H5N1 illness. Although exposure to live poultry was associated with human illness, no cases were documented among poultry workers (PWs). To evaluate the potential for avian-to-human transmission of H5N1, a cohort study was conducted among 293 Hong Kong government workers (GWs) who participated in a poultry culling operation and among 1525 PWs. Paired serum samples collected from GWs and single serum samples collected from PWs were considered to be anti-H5 antibody positive if they were positive by both microneutralization and Western blot testing. Among GWs, 3% were seropositive, and 1 seroconversion was documented. Among PWs, approximately 10% had anti-H5 antibody. More-intensive poultry exposure, such as butchering and exposure to ill poultry, was associated with having anti-H5 antibody. These findings suggest an increased risk for avian influenza infection from occupational exposure. JF - The Journal of infectious diseases AU - Bridges, Carolyn Buxton AU - Lim, Wilina AU - Hu-Primmer, Jean AU - Sims, Les AU - Fukuda, Keiji AU - Mak, K H AU - Rowe, Thomas AU - Thompson, William W AU - Conn, Laura AU - Lu, Xiuhua AU - Cox, Nancy J AU - Katz, Jacqueline M AD - Influenza Branch, Division of Viral and Rickettsial Diseases, MS A-32, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, 1600 Clifton Road NE, Atlanta, Georgia 30333, USA. CBridges@cdc.gov Y1 - 2002/04/15/ PY - 2002 DA - 2002 Apr 15 SP - 1005 EP - 1010 VL - 185 IS - 8 SN - 0022-1899, 0022-1899 KW - Abridged Index Medicus KW - Index Medicus KW - Occupational Exposure KW - Animals KW - Risk Factors KW - Humans KW - Seroepidemiologic Studies KW - Adult KW - Case-Control Studies KW - Middle Aged KW - Adolescent KW - Time Factors KW - Male KW - Female KW - Hong Kong -- epidemiology KW - Influenza, Human -- epidemiology KW - Influenza, Human -- etiology KW - Influenza A virus KW - Influenza A Virus, H5N1 Subtype KW - Occupational Diseases -- etiology KW - Poultry -- virology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/71558968?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Journal+of+infectious+diseases&rft.atitle=Risk+of+influenza+A+%28H5N1%29+infection+among+poultry+workers%2C+Hong+Kong%2C+1997-1998.&rft.au=Bridges%2C+Carolyn+Buxton%3BLim%2C+Wilina%3BHu-Primmer%2C+Jean%3BSims%2C+Les%3BFukuda%2C+Keiji%3BMak%2C+K+H%3BRowe%2C+Thomas%3BThompson%2C+William+W%3BConn%2C+Laura%3BLu%2C+Xiuhua%3BCox%2C+Nancy+J%3BKatz%2C+Jacqueline+M&rft.aulast=Bridges&rft.aufirst=Carolyn&rft.date=2002-04-15&rft.volume=185&rft.issue=8&rft.spage=1005&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=The+Journal+of+infectious+diseases&rft.issn=00221899&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 2002-05-16 N1 - Date created - 2002-04-03 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Enterobacter sakazakii infections associated with the use of powdered infant formula--Tennessee, 2001. AN - 71701580; 12002167 AB - Enterobacter sakazakii, a gram-negative, rod-shaped bacterium, is a rare cause of invasive infection with high death rates in neonates. This report summarizes the investigation of a fatal infection associated with E. sakazakii in a hospitalized neonate, which indicated that the infection was associated with the presence of the organism in commercial powdered formula fed to the infant. The implicated batch of formula has been recalled by the manufacturer. Clinicians should be aware of the potential risk for infection from use of nonsterile enteral formula in the neonatal health-care setting. JF - MMWR. Morbidity and mortality weekly report AU - Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) AD - Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) Y1 - 2002/04/12/ PY - 2002 DA - 2002 Apr 12 SP - 297 EP - 300 VL - 51 IS - 14 SN - 0149-2195, 0149-2195 KW - Powders KW - 0 KW - Index Medicus KW - Infant KW - Fatal Outcome KW - Sepsis -- etiology KW - Humans KW - Tennessee -- epidemiology KW - Infant, Newborn KW - Sepsis -- diagnosis KW - Intensive Care Units, Neonatal KW - Male KW - Enterobacteriaceae Infections -- diagnosis KW - Food Microbiology KW - Meningitis, Bacterial -- diagnosis KW - Meningitis, Bacterial -- etiology KW - Infant Food -- microbiology KW - Enterobacteriaceae Infections -- etiology KW - Enterobacteriaceae Infections -- epidemiology KW - Enterobacter -- isolation & purification UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/71701580?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=MMWR.+Morbidity+and+mortality+weekly+report&rft.atitle=Enterobacter+sakazakii+infections+associated+with+the+use+of+powdered+infant+formula--Tennessee%2C+2001.&rft.au=Centers+for+Disease+Control+and+Prevention+%28CDC%29&rft.aulast=Centers+for+Disease+Control+and+Prevention+%28CDC%29&rft.aufirst=&rft.date=2002-04-12&rft.volume=51&rft.issue=14&rft.spage=297&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=MMWR.+Morbidity+and+mortality+weekly+report&rft.issn=01492195&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 2002-05-21 N1 - Date created - 2002-05-10 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Annual smoking-attributable mortality, years of potential life lost, and economic costs--United States, 1995-1999. AN - 71673025; 12002168 AB - Cigarette smoking is the leading cause of preventable death in the United States and produces substantial health-related economic costs to society. This report presents the annual estimates of the disease impact of smoking in the United States during 1995-1999. CDC calculated national estimates of annual smoking-attributable mortality (SAM), years of potential life lost (YPLL), smoking-attributable medical expenditures (SAEs) for adults and infants, and productivity costs for adults. Results show that during 1995-1999, smoking caused approximately 440,000 premature deaths in the United States annually and approximately $157 billion in annual health-related economic losses. Implementation of comprehensive tobacco-control programs as recommended by CDC could effectively reduce the prevalence, disease impact, and economic costs of smoking. JF - MMWR. Morbidity and mortality weekly report AU - Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) AD - Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) Y1 - 2002/04/12/ PY - 2002 DA - 2002 Apr 12 SP - 300 EP - 303 VL - 51 IS - 14 SN - 0149-2195, 0149-2195 KW - Tobacco Smoke Pollution KW - 0 KW - Index Medicus KW - Pregnancy Complications KW - Humans KW - Aged KW - Cause of Death KW - Pulmonary Disease, Chronic Obstructive -- etiology KW - Pregnancy KW - Infant KW - Myocardial Ischemia -- etiology KW - Life Tables KW - Lung Neoplasms -- etiology KW - Cost of Illness KW - Adult KW - Myocardial Ischemia -- mortality KW - Lung Neoplasms -- mortality KW - Middle Aged KW - United States -- epidemiology KW - Female KW - Male KW - Pulmonary Disease, Chronic Obstructive -- mortality KW - Smoking -- mortality KW - Smoking -- adverse effects KW - Smoking -- economics UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/71673025?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=MMWR.+Morbidity+and+mortality+weekly+report&rft.atitle=Annual+smoking-attributable+mortality%2C+years+of+potential+life+lost%2C+and+economic+costs--United+States%2C+1995-1999.&rft.au=Centers+for+Disease+Control+and+Prevention+%28CDC%29&rft.aulast=Centers+for+Disease+Control+and+Prevention+%28CDC%29&rft.aufirst=&rft.date=2002-04-12&rft.volume=51&rft.issue=14&rft.spage=300&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=MMWR.+Morbidity+and+mortality+weekly+report&rft.issn=01492195&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 2002-05-21 N1 - Date created - 2002-05-10 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Alcohol use among women of childbearing age--United States, 1991-1999. AN - 71599412; 11952279 AB - Prenatal exposure to alcohol is one of the leading preventable causes of birth defects, mental retardation, and neurodevelopmental disorders in the United States. One of the national health objectives for 2010 is to increase to 94% the percentage of pregnant women abstaining from alcohol use [corrected]. During 1991-1995, alcohol use by pregnant women increased substantially, and alcohol use by nonpregnant women of childbearing age increased slightly. To characterize trends in alcohol use among women of childbearing age, CDC analyzed representative survey data from the Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System (BRFSS) during 1991-1999. This report summarizes the results of the analysis, which indicate that the rate of any alcohol use (i.e., at least one drink) during pregnancy has declined since 1995. However, rates of binge drinking (i.e., > or = 5 drinks on any one occasion) and frequent drinking (i.e., > or = 7 drinks per week or > or = 5 drinks on any one occasion) during pregnancy have not declined among nonpregnant women of childbearing age. Health-care providers should routinely screen women of childbearing age for alcohol use and counsel them about the adverse effects of alcohol use during pregnancy. JF - MMWR. Morbidity and mortality weekly report AU - Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) AD - Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) Y1 - 2002/04/05/ PY - 2002 DA - 2002 Apr 05 SP - 273 EP - 276 VL - 51 IS - 13 SN - 0149-2195, 0149-2195 KW - Index Medicus KW - Socioeconomic Factors KW - Humans KW - Adult KW - United States -- epidemiology KW - Female KW - Pregnancy KW - Alcoholic Intoxication -- epidemiology KW - Alcohol Drinking -- epidemiology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/71599412?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=MMWR.+Morbidity+and+mortality+weekly+report&rft.atitle=Alcohol+use+among+women+of+childbearing+age--United+States%2C+1991-1999.&rft.au=Centers+for+Disease+Control+and+Prevention+%28CDC%29&rft.aulast=Centers+for+Disease+Control+and+Prevention+%28CDC%29&rft.aufirst=&rft.date=2002-04-05&rft.volume=51&rft.issue=13&rft.spage=273&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=MMWR.+Morbidity+and+mortality+weekly+report&rft.issn=01492195&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 2002-04-18 N1 - Date created - 2002-04-15 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - SuppNotes - Erratum In: MMWR Morb Mortal Wkly Rep 2002 Apr 12;51(14):308 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Suspected cutaneous anthrax in a laboratory worker--Texas, 2002. AN - 71597853; 11952281 AB - On March 6, 2002, CDC's National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH) received a request for a health hazard evaluation from the director of Laboratory A to assist in the evaluation of a worker who had been diagnosed with cutaneous anthrax. Laboratory A, a provisionally approved Laboratory Response Network level B laboratory, had been processing environmental samples for Bacillus anthracis in support of CDC investigations of the bioterrorist attacks in the United States during fall 2001. Since March 7, CDC has interviewed the ill laboratory worker and other workers at the laboratory and conducted environmental assessments of the workplace. This report summarizes the epidemiologic and environmental investigation of this case, which indicates that the likely source of exposure was the surface of vials containing B. anthracis isolates that the worker placed in a freezer on March 1. Laboratory workers handling specimens of B. anthracis should follow recommended procedures to minimize the risk of B. anthracis transmission and anthrax. JF - MMWR. Morbidity and mortality weekly report AU - Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) AD - Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) Y1 - 2002/04/05/ PY - 2002 DA - 2002 Apr 05 SP - 279 EP - 281 VL - 51 IS - 13 SN - 0149-2195, 0149-2195 KW - Index Medicus KW - Equipment Contamination KW - Humans KW - Specimen Handling KW - Medical Laboratory Personnel KW - Anthrax -- etiology KW - Bacillus anthracis -- isolation & purification KW - Occupational Diseases -- diagnosis KW - Occupational Exposure KW - Laboratories KW - Occupational Diseases -- etiology KW - Skin Diseases, Bacterial -- diagnosis KW - Anthrax -- diagnosis KW - Anthrax -- epidemiology KW - Skin Diseases, Bacterial -- etiology KW - Bacillus anthracis -- genetics KW - Microbiology KW - Skin Diseases, Bacterial -- epidemiology KW - Occupational Diseases -- epidemiology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/71597853?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=MMWR.+Morbidity+and+mortality+weekly+report&rft.atitle=Suspected+cutaneous+anthrax+in+a+laboratory+worker--Texas%2C+2002.&rft.au=Centers+for+Disease+Control+and+Prevention+%28CDC%29&rft.aulast=Centers+for+Disease+Control+and+Prevention+%28CDC%29&rft.aufirst=&rft.date=2002-04-05&rft.volume=51&rft.issue=13&rft.spage=279&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=MMWR.+Morbidity+and+mortality+weekly+report&rft.issn=01492195&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 2002-04-18 N1 - Date created - 2002-04-15 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Susceptibility to the ototoxic properties of toluene is species specific. AN - 85372538; pmid-12062755 AB - Toluene is the most widely used industrial solvent. It has been shown to be ototoxic in mice and rats, and to increase permanent threshold shift in conjunction with exposure to noise. Chinchillas are widely used for studying noise effects on the cochlea. The present study was initiated to study toluene and noise interaction in chinchillas. Thirty-three chinchillas were exposed to a 95 dBA 500 Hz octave band noise plus 2000 ppm toluene, 8 or 12 h per day for 10 days. Auditory function was estimated using the auditory brainstem response (ABR) to tones between 500 Hz and 16 kHz. There was no effect on the ABR of toluene alone. Noise alone produced a threshold shift. There was no interaction of noise and toluene on the ear. The present study suggests that chinchillas are markedly less susceptible to the ototoxic effect of toluene than mice and rats. A working hypothesis as to the species differences was that chinchilla liver was able to detoxify the toluene. Hepatic microsomes from chinchillas, rats and humans were tested for their ability to convert toluene to the more water-soluble compound - benzyl alcohol. Chinchilla livers were found to contain more of the P450 enzymes CYP2E1 and CYP2B than rats or humans. In addition, the data show that the P450 enzymes are more active in chinchillas than in rats and humans. In conclusion, the results suggest that rats and mice are a more appropriate model for human toluene ototoxicity. However, chinchillas may provide a valuable model for investigating how ototoxic agents can be detoxified to less damaging compounds. JF - Hearing research AU - Davis, Rickie R AU - Murphy, William J AU - Snawder, John E AU - Striley, Cynthia A F AU - Henderson, Donald AU - Khan, Amir AU - Krieg, Edward F AD - Hearing Loss Prevention Section, Engineering and Physical Hazards Branch, National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, 4676 Columbia Parkway, Cincinnati, OH 45226, USA. rrd1@cdc.gov Y1 - 2002/04// PY - 2002 DA - Apr 2002 SP - 24 EP - 32 VL - 166 IS - 1-2 SN - 0378-5955, 0378-5955 KW - Index Medicus KW - National Library of Medicine KW - Animals KW - Benzyl Alcohol: metabolism KW - *Chinchilla: physiology KW - *Cochlea: drug effects KW - Cochlea: injuries KW - Cytochrome P-450 CYP1A1: metabolism KW - Cytochrome P-450 CYP1A2: metabolism KW - Cytochrome P-450 CYP2B1: metabolism KW - Cytochrome P-450 CYP2E1: metabolism KW - Evoked Potentials, Auditory, Brain Stem: drug effects KW - Hearing Loss, Noise-Induced: etiology KW - Humans KW - Metabolic Detoxication, Drug KW - Mice KW - Microsomes, Liver: metabolism KW - Noise: adverse effects KW - Rats KW - Rats, Sprague-Dawley KW - Species Specificity KW - Toluene: pharmacokinetics KW - *Toluene: toxicity UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/85372538?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Acomdisdome&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Hearing+research&rft.atitle=Susceptibility+to+the+ototoxic+properties+of+toluene+is+species+specific.&rft.au=Davis%2C+Rickie+R%3BMurphy%2C+William+J%3BSnawder%2C+John+E%3BStriley%2C+Cynthia+A+F%3BHenderson%2C+Donald%3BKhan%2C+Amir%3BKrieg%2C+Edward+F&rft.aulast=Davis&rft.aufirst=Rickie&rft.date=2002-04-01&rft.volume=166&rft.issue=1-2&rft.spage=24&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Hearing+research&rft.issn=03785955&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English (eng) DB - ComDisDome N1 - Date revised - 2011-12-15 N1 - Last updated - 2012-07-13 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - A random walk model of skin permeation. AN - 71739176; 12022675 AB - A new mathematical model for permeability of chemicals in aqueous vehicle through skin is presented. The rationale for this model is to represent diffusion by its fundamental molecular mechanism, i.e., random thermal motion. Diffusion is modeled as a two-dimensional random walk through the biphasic (lipid and corneocyte) stratum corneum (SC). This approach permits calculations of diffusion phenomena in a morphologically realistic SC structure. Two concepts are key in the application of the model to the prediction of steady-state skin permeability coefficients: "effective diffusivity" and "effective path length," meaning the diffusivity and thickness of a homogeneous membrane having identical permeation properties as the stratum corneum. Algebraic expressions for these two variables are developed as functions of the molecular weight and octanol-water partition coefficient of the diffusing substance. Combining these with expressions for membrane-vehicle partition coefficient and permeability of the aqueous epidermis enables the calculation of steady-state skin permeability coefficients. The resulting four-parameter algebraic model was regressed against the "Flynn data base" with excellent results (R2 = 0.84: SE = 0.0076; F = 154; N = 94). The model provides insight into the contributions of stratum corneum diffusivity and effective path lengths to overall skin permeability and may prove useful in the prediction of non-steady-state diffusion phenomena. JF - Risk analysis : an official publication of the Society for Risk Analysis AU - Frasch, H Frederick AD - Health Effects Laboratory Division, National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, Morgantown, WV 26505, USA. hbf9@cdc.gov Y1 - 2002/04// PY - 2002 DA - April 2002 SP - 265 EP - 276 VL - 22 IS - 2 SN - 0272-4332, 0272-4332 KW - Xenobiotics KW - 0 KW - Index Medicus KW - Occupational Exposure KW - Permeability KW - Humans KW - Diffusion KW - Risk Assessment KW - Mathematics KW - Xenobiotics -- pharmacokinetics KW - Skin -- metabolism KW - Xenobiotics -- toxicity KW - Models, Biological UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/71739176?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Risk+analysis+%3A+an+official+publication+of+the+Society+for+Risk+Analysis&rft.atitle=A+random+walk+model+of+skin+permeation.&rft.au=Frasch%2C+H+Frederick&rft.aulast=Frasch&rft.aufirst=H&rft.date=2002-04-01&rft.volume=22&rft.issue=2&rft.spage=265&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Risk+analysis+%3A+an+official+publication+of+the+Society+for+Risk+Analysis&rft.issn=02724332&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 2002-12-04 N1 - Date created - 2002-05-22 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Time course of pulmonary response of rats to inhalation of crystalline silica: NF-kappa B activation, inflammation, cytokine production, and damage. AN - 71714789; 12028809 AB - In vitro studies suggest that silica-induced lung disease may be linked to processes regulated by nuclear factor-kappa B (NF-kappa B) activation, but this has not been examined in vivo. Rats were exposed to a silica aerosol of 15 mg/m(3) (6 h/day, 5 days/wk) for 116 days, and bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) was conducted at various times during the exposure. Silica-induced pulmonary inflammation and damage were determined by measuring BAL cell differentials and first BAL fluid lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) activity and serum albumin concentrations, respectively. NF-kappa B activation and production of tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-alpha) and interleukin-1 (IL-1) by BAL cells were also measured. The results demonstrate that NF-kappa B activation occurred after 5 days exposure, and continued to increase thereafter. BAL cell production of IL-1 and TNF-alpha had increased incrementally by 10 and 30 days of exposure, respectively. This elevation continued through 79 days of exposure before further increasing at 116 days of exposure. Pulmonary inflammation and damage in silica-exposed rats were also significantly elevated at 5 days of exposure, further increased at a slow rate through 41 days of exposure, and dramatically increased thereafter. Taken together, the results indicate that the initial molecular response of NF-kappa B activation in BAL cells occurs in response to low levels of silica deposition in the lung and increases more rapidly versus exposure duration than silica-induced pulmonary inflammation, cellular damage, and cytokine production by BAL cells. This suggests that NF-kappa B activation in BAL cells may play an important role in the initiation and progression of silica-induced pulmonary inflammation, cellular damage, and fibrosis. JF - Inhalation toxicology AU - Porter, Dale W AU - Ye, Jianping AU - Ma, Jane AU - Barger, Mark AU - Robinson, Victor A AU - Ramsey, Dawn AU - McLaurin, Jeff AU - Khan, Amir AU - Landsittel, Douglas AU - Teass, Alexander AU - Castranova, Vincent AD - National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, Health Effects Laboratory Division, Morgantown, West Virginia 26505, USA. DPorter@cdc.gov Y1 - 2002/04// PY - 2002 DA - April 2002 SP - 349 EP - 367 VL - 14 IS - 4 SN - 0895-8378, 0895-8378 KW - Cytokines KW - 0 KW - NF-kappa B KW - Silicon Dioxide KW - 7631-86-9 KW - Index Medicus KW - Rats KW - Animals KW - Rats, Inbred F344 KW - Inflammation -- physiopathology KW - Pulmonary Fibrosis -- pathology KW - Pulmonary Fibrosis -- chemically induced KW - Kinetics KW - Disease Progression KW - Gene Expression Regulation KW - Time Factors KW - Male KW - Lung -- immunology KW - NF-kappa B -- biosynthesis KW - Inhalation Exposure KW - Cytokines -- biosynthesis KW - Lung -- drug effects KW - Lung -- pathology KW - Silicon Dioxide -- chemistry KW - Silicon Dioxide -- adverse effects UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/71714789?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Inhalation+toxicology&rft.atitle=Time+course+of+pulmonary+response+of+rats+to+inhalation+of+crystalline+silica%3A+NF-kappa+B+activation%2C+inflammation%2C+cytokine+production%2C+and+damage.&rft.au=Porter%2C+Dale+W%3BYe%2C+Jianping%3BMa%2C+Jane%3BBarger%2C+Mark%3BRobinson%2C+Victor+A%3BRamsey%2C+Dawn%3BMcLaurin%2C+Jeff%3BKhan%2C+Amir%3BLandsittel%2C+Douglas%3BTeass%2C+Alexander%3BCastranova%2C+Vincent&rft.aulast=Porter&rft.aufirst=Dale&rft.date=2002-04-01&rft.volume=14&rft.issue=4&rft.spage=349&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Inhalation+toxicology&rft.issn=08958378&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 2002-06-11 N1 - Date created - 2002-05-24 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Pentachlorophenol and hydroxylated polychlorinated biphenyl metabolites in umbilical cord plasma of neonates from coastal populations in Québec. AN - 71626334; 11940460 AB - Concentrations of polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs), hydroxylated metabolites of PCBs (HO-PCBs) and octachlorostyrene (4-HO-HpCS), and pentachlorophenol (PCP) were determined in umbilical cord plasma samples from three different regions of Québec. The regions studied included two coastal areas where exposure to PCBs is high because of marine-food-based diets--Nunavik (Inuit people) and the Lower North Shore of the Gulf of St. Lawrence (subsistence fishermen)--and a southern Québec urban center where PCB exposure is at background levels (Québec City). The main chlorinated phenolic compound in all regions was PCP. Concentrations of PCP were not significantly different among regions (geometric mean concentration 1,670 pg/g, range 628-7,680 pg/g wet weight in plasma). The ratio of PCP to polychlorinated biphenyl congener number 153 (CB153) concentration ranged from 0.72 to 42.3. Sum HO-PCB (sigma HO-PCBs) concentrations were different among regions, with geometric mean concentrations of 553 (range 238-1,750), 286 (103-788), and 234 (147-464) pg/g wet weight plasma for the Lower North Shore, Nunavik, and the southern Québec groups, respectively. Lower North Shore samples also had the highest geometric mean concentration of sum PCBs (sum of 49 congeners; sigma PCBs), 2,710 (525-7,720) pg/g wet weight plasma. sigma PCB concentrations for Nunavik samples and southern samples were 1,510 (309-6,230) and 843 (290-1,650) pg/g wet weight plasma. Concentrations (log transformed) of sigma HO-PCBs and sigma PCBs were significantly correlated (r = 0.62, p < 0.001), as were concentrations of all major individual HO-PCB congeners and individual PCB congeners. In Nunavik and Lower North Shore samples, free thyroxine (T4) concentrations (log transformed) were negatively correlated with the sum of quantitated chlorinated phenolic compounds (sum PCP and sigma HO-PCBs; r = -0.47, p = 0.01, n = 20) and were not correlated with any PCB congeners or sigma PCBs. This suggests that PCP and HO-PCBs are possibly altering thyroid hormone status in newborns, which could lead to neurodevelopmental effects in infants. Further studies are needed to examine the effects of chlorinated phenolic compounds on thyroid hormone status in newborns. JF - Environmental health perspectives AU - Sandau, Courtney D AU - Ayotte, Pierre AU - Dewailly, Eric AU - Duffe, Jason AU - Norstrom, Ross J AD - Centre for Analytical and Environmental Chemistry, Department of Chemistry, Carleton University, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada. csandau@cdc.gov Y1 - 2002/04// PY - 2002 DA - April 2002 SP - 411 EP - 417 VL - 110 IS - 4 SN - 0091-6765, 0091-6765 KW - Environmental Pollutants KW - 0 KW - Thyroid Hormones KW - Pentachlorophenol KW - D9BSU0SE4T KW - Polychlorinated Biphenyls KW - DFC2HB4I0K KW - Index Medicus KW - Fetal Blood -- chemistry KW - Quebec KW - Humans KW - Infant, Newborn KW - Diet KW - Thyroid Hormones -- blood KW - Male KW - Female KW - Indians, North American KW - Environmental Pollutants -- metabolism KW - Environmental Exposure KW - Polychlorinated Biphenyls -- metabolism KW - Pentachlorophenol -- metabolism KW - Pentachlorophenol -- analysis KW - Polychlorinated Biphenyls -- analysis KW - Environmental Pollutants -- analysis UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/71626334?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Environmental+health+perspectives&rft.atitle=Pentachlorophenol+and+hydroxylated+polychlorinated+biphenyl+metabolites+in+umbilical+cord+plasma+of+neonates+from+coastal+populations+in+Qu%C3%A9bec.&rft.au=Sandau%2C+Courtney+D%3BAyotte%2C+Pierre%3BDewailly%2C+Eric%3BDuffe%2C+Jason%3BNorstrom%2C+Ross+J&rft.aulast=Sandau&rft.aufirst=Courtney&rft.date=2002-04-01&rft.volume=110&rft.issue=4&rft.spage=411&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Environmental+health+perspectives&rft.issn=00916765&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 2002-05-14 N1 - Date created - 2002-04-09 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - SuppNotes - Cited By: J Pediatr. 1990 Jan;116(1):38-45 [2104928] Chem Biol Interact. 1988;68(3-4):203-17 [3145817] J Pharmacobiodyn. 1991 May;14(5):276-84 [1770432] Acta Med Austriaca. 1992;19 Suppl 1:25-8 [1519447] Endocr Rev. 1993 Feb;14(1):94-106 [8491157] Chem Biol Interact. 1993 Jul;88(1):7-21 [8330325] Toxicol Appl Pharmacol. 1993 Sep;122(1):27-33 [8378931] Toxicol Lett. 1994 Mar;71(1):9-25 [8140594] Environ Health Perspect. 1993 Dec;101(7):618-20 [8143594] Eur J Pharmacol. 1994 Apr 4;270(2-3):129-36 [8039542] Environ Health Perspect. 1994 Jun;102 Suppl 2:125-30 [7925183] Toxicology. 1994 Nov-Dec;94(1-3):197-208 [7801323] Pediatr Res. 1994 Oct;36(4):468-73 [7816522] Endocr Res. 1994 Nov;20(4):343-64 [7882897] Early Hum Dev. 1995 Apr 14;41(2):111-27 [7601016] Arch Environ Health. 1995 Jul-Aug;50(4):287-92 [7677428] Biol Neonate. 1995;68(1):10-4 [7578631] Environ Health Perspect. 1994 May;102(5):464-9 [8593850] Toxicology. 1996 Jan 8;106(1-3):105-14 [8571380] Chem Res Toxicol. 1996 Apr-May;9(3):647-53 [8728511] Neurotoxicology. 1997;18(2):415-24 [9291491] Environ Health Perspect. 1997 Nov;105(11):1238-48 [9370515] Toxicol Ind Health. 1998 Jan-Apr;14(1-2):103-20 [9460172] Xenobiotica. 1998 Jan;28(1):21-30 [9493316] Xenobiotica. 1998 Jan;28(1):31-40 [9493317] Can J Public Health. 1998 May-Jun;89 Suppl 1:S20-5, 22-7 [9654788] Chem Res Toxicol. 1998 Sep;11(9):1075-81 [9760282] Arch Environ Health. 1999 Jan-Feb;54(1):40-7 [10025415] J Reprod Fertil. 1999 Mar;115(2):303-14 [10434936] Toxicol Appl Pharmacol. 2000 Jan 1;162(1):10-21 [10631123] Endocrinology. 2000 May;141(5):1897-900 [10803601] Toxicol Sci. 2000 Jul;56(1):95-104 [10869457] Environ Health Perspect. 2000 Jul;108(7):611-6 [10903613] Environ Health Perspect. 2000 Nov;108(11):1035-41 [11102293] Science. 1967 Sep 29;157(3796):1524-30 [6038165] Curr Top Dev Biol. 1969;4:109-48 [4943489] Arch Biochem Biophys. 1975 May;168(1):309-21 [806264] Toxicol Appl Pharmacol. 1977 Aug;41(2):395-406 [898206] J Biol Chem. 1983 Jul 10;258(13):8304-11 [6408087] Fundam Appl Toxicol. 1984 Jun;4(3 Pt 1):420-8 [6430742] J Pediatr. 1984 Aug;105(2):315-20 [6431068] Biochemistry. 1984 Jun 19;23(13):3048-55 [6466630] Child Dev. 1985 Aug;56(4):853-60 [3930167] Arch Toxicol. 1986 Feb;58(3):182-6 [3964082] Toxicol Appl Pharmacol. 1986 Sep 30;85(3):301-12 [3094194] Chem Biol Interact. 1990;76(1):63-75 [2393944] N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Associations between health risk behaviors and opposite-, same-, and both-sex sexual partners in representative samples of vermont and massachusetts high school students. AN - 71578770; 11929369 AB - To examine associations between health risk behaviors and sexual experience with opposite-, same-, or both-sex partners in representative samples of high school students. We used 1995 and 1997 data from the Vermont and Massachusetts Youth Risk Behavior Surveys. Logistic regression and multiple regression analyses were used to compare health risk behaviors among students who reported sex with opposite-sex partners only (opposite-sex students), with same-sex partners only (same-sex students), and with both male and female sexual partners (both-sex students). Public high schools in Vermont and Massachusetts. Representative, population-based samples of high school students. The combined samples had 14 623 Vermont students and 8141 Massachusetts students. Violence, harassment, suicidal behavior, alcohol and other drug use, and unhealthy weight control practices. In both states, both-sex students were significantly more likely to report health risk behaviors than were opposite-sex students. For example, both-sex students had odds 3 to 6 times greater than opposite-sex students of being threatened or injured with a weapon at school, making a suicide attempt requiring medical attention, using cocaine, or vomiting or using laxatives to control their weight. In both states, same-sex students were as likely as opposite-sex students to report most health risk behaviors. Relative to opposite- and same-sex students, both-sex students may be at elevated risk of injury, disease, and death by experiencing serious harassment and engaging in violence, suicidal behavior, alcohol and other drug use, and unhealthy weight control practices. JF - Archives of pediatrics & adolescent medicine AU - Robin, Leah AU - Brener, Nancy D AU - Donahue, Shaun F AU - Hack, Tim AU - Hale, Kelly AU - Goodenow, Carol AD - Division of Adolescent and School Health, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, 4770 Buford Hwy NE, Atlanta, GA 30341, USA. ler7@cdc.gov Y1 - 2002/04// PY - 2002 DA - April 2002 SP - 349 EP - 355 VL - 156 IS - 4 SN - 1072-4710, 1072-4710 KW - Abridged Index Medicus KW - Index Medicus KW - Body Weight KW - Violence -- statistics & numerical data KW - Suicide, Attempted -- statistics & numerical data KW - Humans KW - Vermont -- epidemiology KW - Adult KW - Child KW - Massachusetts -- epidemiology KW - Adolescent KW - Male KW - Female KW - Substance-Related Disorders -- epidemiology KW - Sexual Behavior KW - Adolescent Behavior KW - Risk-Taking KW - Health Behavior UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/71578770?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Archives+of+pediatrics+%26+adolescent+medicine&rft.atitle=Associations+between+health+risk+behaviors+and+opposite-%2C+same-%2C+and+both-sex+sexual+partners+in+representative+samples+of+vermont+and+massachusetts+high+school+students.&rft.au=Robin%2C+Leah%3BBrener%2C+Nancy+D%3BDonahue%2C+Shaun+F%3BHack%2C+Tim%3BHale%2C+Kelly%3BGoodenow%2C+Carol&rft.aulast=Robin&rft.aufirst=Leah&rft.date=2002-04-01&rft.volume=156&rft.issue=4&rft.spage=349&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Archives+of+pediatrics+%26+adolescent+medicine&rft.issn=10724710&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 2002-04-24 N1 - Date created - 2002-04-03 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Intracellular signal transduction of cells in response to carcinogenic metals. AN - 71568234; 11923072 AB - Epidemiological and animal studies suggest that several metals and metal-containing compounds are potent mutagens and carcinogens. These metals include chromium, arsenic, vanadium, nickel, and others. During the last two decades, chemical and cellular studies have contributed enormously to our understanding of the mechanisms of metal-induced pathophysiological processes. Although each of these metals is unique in its mechanism of action, some common signaling molecules, such as reactive oxygen species (ROS), may be shared by many of the carcinogenic metals. New techniques are now available to reveal the mechanisms of carcinogenesis in precise molecular terms. In this review, we focused our attentions on carcinogenic metal-induced signal transduction pathways leading to the activation of NF-kappaB, cell apoptosis and cell cycle progression, three crucial steps or events involved in the transformation and carcinogenesis. This review summarizes current knowledge and our recent studies concerning intracellular signal transduction pathways initiated by carcinogenic metals and the cross-talk that occurs among these pathways in cells in response to metals. JF - Critical reviews in oncology/hematology AU - Chen, Fei AU - Shi, Xianglin AD - Pathology and Physiology Research Branch, Health Effects Laboratory Division, National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, 1095 Willowdale Road, Morgantown, WV 26505, USA. lfd3@cdc.gov Y1 - 2002/04// PY - 2002 DA - April 2002 SP - 105 EP - 121 VL - 42 IS - 1 SN - 1040-8428, 1040-8428 KW - Carcinogens KW - 0 KW - Cell Cycle Proteins KW - Metals KW - NF-kappa B KW - Reactive Oxygen Species KW - Transcription Factors KW - Index Medicus KW - Cell Cycle Proteins -- physiology KW - Transcription Factors -- physiology KW - Animals KW - Transcription, Genetic -- drug effects KW - Humans KW - Apoptosis -- drug effects KW - Cell Transformation, Neoplastic -- chemically induced KW - Gene Expression Regulation -- drug effects KW - NF-kappa B -- physiology KW - Models, Biological KW - Cell Cycle -- drug effects KW - Carcinogens -- pharmacology KW - Metals -- pharmacology KW - Metals -- adverse effects KW - Signal Transduction -- drug effects KW - Carcinogens -- adverse effects UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/71568234?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Critical+reviews+in+oncology%2Fhematology&rft.atitle=Intracellular+signal+transduction+of+cells+in+response+to+carcinogenic+metals.&rft.au=Chen%2C+Fei%3BShi%2C+Xianglin&rft.aulast=Chen&rft.aufirst=Fei&rft.date=2002-04-01&rft.volume=42&rft.issue=1&rft.spage=105&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Critical+reviews+in+oncology%2Fhematology&rft.issn=10408428&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 2002-09-16 N1 - Date created - 2002-03-29 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Trends in diseases reported on U.S. death certificates that mentioned HIV infection, 1987-1999. AN - 71554873; 11917243 AB - To examine trends in the proportions of deaths with various diseases among deaths with HIV infection, we analyzed multiple-cause death certificate data for all deaths in the United States from 1987 through 1999. Disease proportions were adjusted to control for demographic changes. Deaths reported with HIV infection increased from 15,331 in 1987 to 47,977 in 1995 and then decreased to 16,061 in 1999. Among these reported deaths, new trends during the period from 1995 through 1999 included decreases in the proportions with cytomegalovirus disease (from 6.8% to 2.8%), wasting/cachexia (9.8% to 6.8%), and dementia/encephalopathy (6.3% to 3.9%) and increases in the proportions with septicemia/septic shock (from 9.2% to 13.4%) and diseases of the liver (4.9% to 11.6%), kidney (6.3% to 9.1%), and heart (4.2% to 6.9%). Continuations of pre-1995 trends included decreases in the proportions with nontuberculous mycobacteriosis (7.1% to 3.1%) and Kaposi sarcoma (5.3% to 2.6%). Advances in antiretroviral therapy probably caused deaths due to HIV infection to decrease after 1995. Consequently, the proportions of deaths with HIV that were caused by other conditions increased. Improved prophylaxis or treatment of some opportunistic infections could also have reduced the proportions of deaths with those diseases, whereas antiviral drug toxicity could have contributed to increases in the proportions with noninfectious organ diseases. JF - Journal of acquired immune deficiency syndromes (1999) AU - Selik, Richard M AU - Byers, Robert H AU - Dworkin, Mark S AD - Division of HIV/AIDS Prevention-Surveillance and Epidemiology, National Center for HIV, STD, and TB Prevention, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia 30333, USA. rselik@cdc.gov Y1 - 2002/04/01/ PY - 2002 DA - 2002 Apr 01 SP - 378 EP - 387 VL - 29 IS - 4 SN - 1525-4135, 1525-4135 KW - Index Medicus KW - AIDS/HIV KW - Neoplasms -- mortality KW - Humans KW - Liver Diseases -- mortality KW - United States -- epidemiology KW - Kidney Diseases -- mortality KW - Communicable Diseases -- mortality KW - HIV Infections -- complications KW - Death Certificates KW - HIV Infections -- mortality KW - AIDS-Related Opportunistic Infections -- mortality UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/71554873?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+acquired+immune+deficiency+syndromes+%281999%29&rft.atitle=Trends+in+diseases+reported+on+U.S.+death+certificates+that+mentioned+HIV+infection%2C+1987-1999.&rft.au=Selik%2C+Richard+M%3BByers%2C+Robert+H%3BDworkin%2C+Mark+S&rft.aulast=Selik&rft.aufirst=Richard&rft.date=2002-04-01&rft.volume=29&rft.issue=4&rft.spage=378&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+acquired+immune+deficiency+syndromes+%281999%29&rft.issn=15254135&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 2002-04-23 N1 - Date created - 2002-03-27 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Gender and the Politics of Needs: Broadening the Scope of Welfare State Provision in Costa Rica AN - 60434431; 200213737 AB - This study examines the ways in which gendered definitions of social provision in Costa Rica have created gaps in national health care programs that women's organizations are currently (& successfully) addressing. More specifically, I highlight how women's organizations are key actors in the politics of needs interpretation, wherein definitions of health needs are contested by policy makers, doctors, & women themselves. I argue that women's health organizations have begun to broaden & politicize health needs by including domestic violence in national debates. Using interviews & organizational histories of six grassroots health organizations, I find that these groups have been successful, in large part, because they framed their concerns in ways that were convincing to politicians & national health care bureaucrats. 63 References. [Copyright 2002 Sage Publications, Inc.] JF - Gender & Society AU - Noonan, Rita K AD - Dept Sociology, U Iowa, Iowa City noonan@cdc.gov Y1 - 2002/04// PY - 2002 DA - April 2002 SP - 216 EP - 239 VL - 16 IS - 2 SN - 0891-2432, 0891-2432 KW - Womens Groups KW - Costa Rica KW - Delivery Systems KW - Family Violence KW - Womens Health Care KW - Needs Assessment KW - Health Care Services KW - article KW - 2045: sociology of health and medicine; sociology of medicine & health care UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/60434431?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Asocabs&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Gender+%26+Society&rft.atitle=Gender+and+the+Politics+of+Needs%3A+Broadening+the+Scope+of+Welfare+State+Provision+in+Costa+Rica&rft.au=Noonan%2C+Rita+K&rft.aulast=Noonan&rft.aufirst=Rita&rft.date=2002-04-01&rft.volume=16&rft.issue=2&rft.spage=216&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Gender+%26+Society&rft.issn=08912432&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - Sociological Abstracts N1 - Date revised - 2007-04-01 N1 - Last updated - 2016-09-28 N1 - CODEN - GESOES N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Costa Rica; Health Care Services; Family Violence; Needs Assessment; Womens Groups; Womens Health Care; Delivery Systems ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Public Health and Disability: Emerging Opportunities AN - 18567599; 5528140 AB - The public health community has traditionally paid little attention to the health needs of people with disabilities. Recent activities, however, on the part of federal and international organizations mark a shift toward engaging the health concerns of this large and growing population. First, the World Health Organization published the International Classification of Functioning, Disability, and Health (ICF), a companion to the International Classification of Diseases. The ICF describes both a conceptual framework and a classification system, providing the foundation for public health science and policy. Second, a vision for the future of public health and disability is outlined in Healthy People 2010 that, for the first time, includes people with disabilities as a targeted population. The article briefly describes activities and emerging opportunities for a public health focus on people with disabilities with the ICF as a foundation and Healthy People 2010 as a vision. Public health has traditionally responded to emerging needs; people with disabilities are a group whose health needs should be targeted. JF - Public Health Reports AU - Lollar, D J AD - NCBDDD, CDC, 4770 Buford Hwy. F-35, Atlanta, GA 30341, USA, dcl5@cdc.gov Y1 - 2002/04// PY - 2002 DA - Apr 2002 SP - 131 EP - 136 VL - 117 IS - 2 SN - 0033-3549, 0033-3549 KW - Physical Education Index KW - PE 030:Exercise, Health & Physical Fitness UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/18567599?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aphysicaleducation&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Public+Health+Reports&rft.atitle=Public+Health+and+Disability%3A+Emerging+Opportunities&rft.au=Lollar%2C+D+J&rft.aulast=Lollar&rft.aufirst=D&rft.date=2002-04-01&rft.volume=117&rft.issue=2&rft.spage=131&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Public+Health+Reports&rft.issn=00333549&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - Physical Education Index N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Novel Potential Reservoirs for Borrelia sp. and the Agent of Human Granulocytic Ehrlichiosis in Colorado AN - 18542434; 5508834 AB - Previous work demonstrated that Ixodes spinipalpis ticks maintained an enzootic cycle of Borrelia bissettii and the agent of human granulocytic ehrlichiosis (aoHGE) within woodrats (Neotoma mexicana) and deer mice (Peromyscus maniculatus) in northern Colorado (USA). Because I. spinipalpis is the only known vector of B. bissettii and aoHGE in Colorado, this study was designed to determine the reservoir status of other hosts of I. spinipalpis in five distinct ecological zones along the front range and foothills of Colorado. One hundred and twelve rodents of nine species were examined and 11 (10%) were polymerase chain reaction (PCR) positive for aoHGE; 37 (33%) were culture positive for B. bissettii, and five (4%) were coinfected with both organisms based on PCR and culture. Of these, three chipmunk species (Tamias minimus, T. quadrivittatus, and T. umbrinus) were culture positive for B. bissettii, with a single T. minimus coinfected with B. bissettii and aoHGE. In addition, one golden-mantled ground squirrel (Spermophilus lateralis) was positive for both B. bissettii and aoHGE. This is the first report of a golden-mantled ground squirrel harboring either B. bissettii or aoHGE and the initial observation that chipmunks may be a reservoir for B. bissettii in Colorado. JF - Journal of Wildlife Diseases AU - DeNatale, CE AU - Burkot, T R AU - Schneider, B S AU - Zeidner, N S AD - Division of Vector-Borne Infectious Diseases, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, P.O. Box 2087, Rampart Road, Fort Collins, Colorado 80522, USA, naz2@cdc.gov Y1 - 2002/04// PY - 2002 DA - Apr 2002 SP - 478 EP - 482 VL - 38 IS - 2 SN - 0090-3558, 0090-3558 KW - Colorado chipmunk KW - Deer mouse KW - Golden-mantled ground squirrel KW - Least chipmunk KW - Mexican woodrat KW - Uinta chipmunk KW - Microbiology Abstracts B: Bacteriology KW - J 02870:Invertebrate bacteriology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/18542434?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologyb&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Wildlife+Diseases&rft.atitle=Novel+Potential+Reservoirs+for+Borrelia+sp.+and+the+Agent+of+Human+Granulocytic+Ehrlichiosis+in+Colorado&rft.au=DeNatale%2C+CE%3BBurkot%2C+T+R%3BSchneider%2C+B+S%3BZeidner%2C+N+S&rft.aulast=DeNatale&rft.aufirst=CE&rft.date=2002-04-01&rft.volume=38&rft.issue=2&rft.spage=478&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+Wildlife+Diseases&rft.issn=00903558&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Enhanced Selection For MHC Diversity In Social Tuco-tucos AN - 18393788; 5373785 AB - To explore the effects of behavior and demography on balancing selection at major histocompatibility complex (MHC) loci, we examined allelic diversity at exon 2 of the MHC class II DQ b locus in a social and a solitary species of tuco-tuco (Rodentia: Ctenomyidae: Ctenomys), both of which occur in the same valley in southwestern Argentina. By comparing patterns of diversity at this MHC gene to the diversity evident at fifteen microsatellite loci, we demonstrate that balancing selection at the DQ b locus is enhanced in the social species compared to its solitary congener. These findings have intriguing implications for the role of behavioral and demographic parameters in maintaining diversity at MHC loci. JF - Evolution AU - Hambuch, T M AU - Lacey, E A AD - Museum of Vertebrate Zoology and Department of Integrative Biology, University of California, Berkeley, California 94720, thambuch@cdc.gov Y1 - 2002/04// PY - 2002 DA - Apr 2002 SP - 841 EP - 845 PB - The Society for the Study of Evolution VL - 56 IS - 4 SN - 0014-3820, 0014-3820 KW - balancing selection KW - Animal Behavior Abstracts; Ecology Abstracts; Genetics Abstracts KW - G 07240:Immunogenetics KW - Y 25517:Mammals (excluding primates) KW - D 04672:Mammals KW - G 07395:Rodentia (general) UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/18393788?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aecology&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Evolution&rft.atitle=Enhanced+Selection+For+MHC+Diversity+In+Social+Tuco-tucos&rft.au=Hambuch%2C+T+M%3BLacey%2C+E+A&rft.aulast=Hambuch&rft.aufirst=T&rft.date=2002-04-01&rft.volume=56&rft.issue=4&rft.spage=841&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Evolution&rft.issn=00143820&rft_id=info:doi/10.1043%2F0014-3820%282002%29056%280841%3AESFMDI%292.0.CO%3B2 LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1043/0014-3820(2002)056(0841:ESFMDI)2.0.CO;2 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Biofilms: Survival Mechanisms of Clinically Relevant Microorganisms AN - 18367323; 5348789 AB - Though biofilms were first described by Antonie van Leeuwenhoek, the theory describing the biofilm process was not developed until 1978. We now understand that biofilms are universal, occurring in aquatic and industrial water systems as well as a large number of environments and medical devices relevant for public health. Using tools such as the scanning electron microscope and, more recently, the confocal laser scanning microscope, biofilm researchers now understand that biofilms are not unstructured, homogeneous deposits of cells and accumulated slime, but complex communities of surface-associated cells enclosed in a polymer matrix containing open water channels. Further studies have shown that the biofilm phenotype can be described in terms of the genes expressed by biofilm-associated cells. Microorganisms growing in a biofilm are highly resistant to antimicrobial agents by one or more mechanisms. Biofilm-associated microorganisms have been shown to be associated with several human diseases, such as native valve endocarditis and cystic fibrosis, and to colonize a wide variety of medical devices. Though epidemiologic evidence points to biofilms as a source of several infectious diseases, the exact mechanisms by which biofilm- associated microorganisms elicit disease are poorly understood. Detachment of cells or cell aggregates, production of endotoxin, increased resistance to the host immune system, and provision of a niche for the generation of resistant organisms are all biofilm processes which could initiate the disease process. Effective strategies to prevent or control biofilms on medical devices must take into consideration the unique and tenacious nature of biofilms. Current intervention strategies are designed to prevent initial device colonization, minimize microbial cell attachment to the device, penetrate the biofilm matrix and kill the associated cells, or remove the device from the patient. In the future, treatments may be based on inhibition of genes involved in cell attachment and biofilm formation. JF - Clinical Microbiology Reviews AU - Donlan, R M AU - Costerton, J W AD - Biofilm Laboratory, Epidemiology and Laboratory Branch, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, 1600 Clifton Road, N.E., Mail Stop C-16, Atlanta, GA 30333., rld8@cdc.gov Y1 - 2002/04// PY - 2002 DA - Apr 2002 SP - 167 EP - 193 VL - 15 IS - 2 SN - 0893-8512, 0893-8512 KW - Microbiology Abstracts B: Bacteriology KW - J 02722:Biodegradation, growth, nutrition and leaching UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/18367323?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologyb&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Clinical+Microbiology+Reviews&rft.atitle=Biofilms%3A+Survival+Mechanisms+of+Clinically+Relevant+Microorganisms&rft.au=Donlan%2C+R+M%3BCosterton%2C+J+W&rft.aulast=Donlan&rft.aufirst=R&rft.date=2002-04-01&rft.volume=15&rft.issue=2&rft.spage=167&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Clinical+Microbiology+Reviews&rft.issn=08938512&rft_id=info:doi/10.1128%2FCMR.15.2.167-193.2002 LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/CMR.15.2.167-193.2002 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Experimental Infection Of Anopheles farauti With Different Species Of Plasmodium AN - 1791886270; 5373858 AB - Studies were conducted to determine the susceptibility of Anopheles farauti to different species and strains of Plasmodium. Mosquitoes were infected by feeding on animals or cultures infected with different strains of P. vivax, P. falciparum, P. ovale, P. coatneyi, P. gonderi, P. simiovale, P. knowlesi, and P. brasilianum. Infections of P. vivax and P. coatneyi were transmitted via sporozoites from An. farauti to monkeys. Comparative infection studies indicated that An. farauti was less susceptible to infection than An. stephensi, An. gambiae, An. freeborni, and An. dirus with the Salvador I strain of P. vivax, but more susceptible than An. stephensi and An. gambiae to infection with the coindigenous Indonesian XIX strain. JF - Journal of Parasitology AU - Collins, W E AU - Sullivan, J S AU - Nace, D AU - Williams, T AU - Sullivan, J J AU - Galland, G G AU - Grady, K K AU - Bounngaseng, A AD - Division of Parasitic Diseases and Scientific Resources Program, National Center for Infectious Diseases, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Public Health Service, U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, Atlanta, Georgia 30341, wec1@cdc.gov Y1 - 2002/04// PY - 2002 DA - April 2002 SP - 295 EP - 298 PB - American Society of Parasitologists VL - 88 IS - 2 SN - 0022-3395, 0022-3395 KW - Diptera KW - Mosquitoes KW - ASFA 1: Biological Sciences & Living Resources; ASFA 3: Aquatic Pollution & Environmental Quality; Microbiology Abstracts C: Algology, Mycology & Protozoology; Entomology Abstracts KW - Parasites KW - Human diseases KW - Protozoan diseases KW - Specificity KW - Indonesia KW - Plasmodium vivax KW - Malaria KW - Hosts KW - Infection KW - Disease transmission KW - Plasmodium ovale KW - Feeding behavior KW - Anopheles farauti KW - Plasmodium brasilianum KW - Biological vectors KW - Host specificity KW - Plasmodium gonderi KW - Experimental infection KW - Plasmodium simiovale KW - Vectors KW - Culicidae KW - Plasmodium falciparum KW - Plasmodium coatneyi KW - Plasmodium knowlesi KW - Strains KW - Plasmodium KW - Animal diseases KW - K 03090:Protozoa: human KW - Z 05206:Medical & veterinary entomology KW - Q1 08484:Species interactions: parasites and diseases KW - Q5 08524:Public health, medicines, dangerous organisms KW - Q1 08301:General UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/1791886270?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aasfaaquaticpollution&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Parasitology&rft.atitle=Experimental+Infection+Of+Anopheles+farauti+With+Different+Species+Of+Plasmodium&rft.au=Collins%2C+W+E%3BSullivan%2C+J+S%3BNace%2C+D%3BWilliams%2C+T%3BSullivan%2C+J+J%3BGalland%2C+G+G%3BGrady%2C+K+K%3BBounngaseng%2C+A&rft.aulast=Collins&rft.aufirst=W&rft.date=2002-04-01&rft.volume=88&rft.issue=2&rft.spage=295&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+Parasitology&rft.issn=00223395&rft_id=info:doi/10.1043%2F0022-3395%282002%29088%280295%3AEIOAFW%292.0.CO%3B2 LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Last updated - 2016-05-27 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Biological vectors; Parasites; Human diseases; Specificity; Protozoan diseases; Malaria; Hosts; Strains; Animal diseases; Disease transmission; Host specificity; Experimental infection; Vectors; Feeding behavior; Infection; Plasmodium gonderi; Plasmodium; Plasmodium simiovale; Plasmodium vivax; Culicidae; Plasmodium ovale; Plasmodium falciparum; Plasmodium knowlesi; Plasmodium coatneyi; Anopheles farauti; Plasmodium brasilianum; Indonesia DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1043/0022-3395(2002)088(0295:EIOAFW)2.0.CO;2 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Acquired rifamycin resistance in persons with advanced HIV disease being treated for active tuberculosis with intermittent rifamycin-based regimens. AN - 71560438; 11922192 AB - Rifamycin drugs (i.e., rifampin, rifabutin, and rifapentine) are essential for short-course chemotherapy in persons with active tuberculosis (TB). However, adverse drug-drug interactions complicate the concurrent use of rifamycins and protease inhibitor drugs in persons with active TB who also are infected with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV-TB). CDC has recommended use of rifabutin in place of rifampin in multidrug regimens for the treatment of active TB in HIV-TB because rifabutin can be administered with antiretroviral treatment regimens that include protease inhibitors (1,2). These recommendations included twice-weekly intermittent therapy. Because intermittent rifabutin-based regimens had not been evaluated in clinical trials of HIV-TB, CDC's TB Trials Consortium (TBTC) initiated TBTC Study 23, a single-arm trial of twice-weekly rifabutin-based therapy for treatment of HIV-TB. JF - MMWR. Morbidity and mortality weekly report AU - Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) AD - Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) Y1 - 2002/03/15/ PY - 2002 DA - 2002 Mar 15 SP - 214 EP - 215 VL - 51 IS - 10 SN - 0149-2195, 0149-2195 KW - Anti-HIV Agents KW - 0 KW - Antibiotics, Antitubercular KW - Rifamycins KW - Isoniazid KW - V83O1VOZ8L KW - Index Medicus KW - Drug Interactions KW - Anti-HIV Agents -- therapeutic use KW - Isoniazid -- therapeutic use KW - Drug Resistance, Bacterial KW - Humans KW - HIV Infections -- drug therapy KW - Antiretroviral Therapy, Highly Active KW - AIDS-Related Opportunistic Infections -- drug therapy KW - Tuberculosis -- drug therapy KW - Antibiotics, Antitubercular -- therapeutic use KW - Rifamycins -- therapeutic use UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/71560438?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=MMWR.+Morbidity+and+mortality+weekly+report&rft.atitle=Acquired+rifamycin+resistance+in+persons+with+advanced+HIV+disease+being+treated+for+active+tuberculosis+with+intermittent+rifamycin-based+regimens.&rft.au=Centers+for+Disease+Control+and+Prevention+%28CDC%29&rft.aulast=Centers+for+Disease+Control+and+Prevention+%28CDC%29&rft.aufirst=&rft.date=2002-03-15&rft.volume=51&rft.issue=10&rft.spage=214&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=MMWR.+Morbidity+and+mortality+weekly+report&rft.issn=01492195&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 2002-04-11 N1 - Date created - 2002-03-29 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Threat of a biological terrorist attack on the US food supply: the CDC perspective. AN - 71524290; 11897303 AB - Deliberate contamination of food with biological agents has already been perpetrated in the USA. The US food supply is increasingly characterised by centralised production and wide distribution of products. Deliberate contamination of a commercial food product could cause an outbreak of disease, with many illnesses dispersed over wide geographical areas. Dependent on the biological agent and contaminated food, such an outbreak could either present as a slow, diffuse, and initially unremarkable increase in sporadic cases, or as an explosive epidemic suddenly producing many illnesses. Preparedness for a bioterrorist event affecting the food supply, therefore, entails augmentation of the traditional public-health infrastructure to enhance disease surveillance, accelerate capacity of laboratory detection, rapidly investigate and control outbreaks, and develop capacity for response to mass-casualty disasters. JF - Lancet (London, England) AU - Sobel, Jeremy AU - Khan, Ali S AU - Swerdlow, David L AD - Foodborne and Diarrheal Diseases Branch, Division of Bacterial and Mycotic Diseases, National Center for Infectious Diseases, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA 30333, USA. jsobel@cdc.gov Y1 - 2002/03/09/ PY - 2002 DA - 2002 Mar 09 SP - 874 EP - 880 VL - 359 IS - 9309 SN - 0140-6736, 0140-6736 KW - Abridged Index Medicus KW - Index Medicus KW - United States KW - Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (U.S.) KW - Humans KW - Communication KW - Public Health KW - Food Microbiology KW - Food Supply KW - Disease Outbreaks KW - Bioterrorism UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/71524290?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Lancet+%28London%2C+England%29&rft.atitle=Threat+of+a+biological+terrorist+attack+on+the+US+food+supply%3A+the+CDC+perspective.&rft.au=Sobel%2C+Jeremy%3BKhan%2C+Ali+S%3BSwerdlow%2C+David+L&rft.aulast=Sobel&rft.aufirst=Jeremy&rft.date=2002-03-09&rft.volume=359&rft.issue=9309&rft.spage=874&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Lancet+%28London%2C+England%29&rft.issn=01406736&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 2002-03-27 N1 - Date created - 2002-03-18 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - SuppNotes - Comment In: Lancet. 2002 Jul 20;360(9328):261-2 [12133692] N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - 'Barebacking' in a diverse sample of men who have sex with men AN - 18322372; 5365869 AB - To assess the prevalence of and factors associated with 'barebacking' as a sociocultural phenomenon in a sample of HIV-positive and -negative men who have sex with men (MSM), and to assess the reasons for barebacking and venues for meeting partners. A cross-sectional survey of MSM recruited in the San Francisco Bay Area from July 2000 to February 2001. Barebacking, defined as 'intentional anal sex without a condom with someone other than a primary partner', was assessed among men who had heard of the term. Participants were recruited outside multiple venues and interviewed later at community locations. Chi-square and multivariate logistic regression were used for analysis. The sample (n = 554) of MSM were African-American (28%), Latino (27%), white (31%) and other race/ethnicity (14%); 35% reported being HIV-positive. Seventy per cent of the men had heard of barebacking. Among men aware of the term, 14% had barebacked in the past 2 years (22% of HIV-positive versus 10% of HIV-negative men, P < 0.001); 10% of the full sample did so. The prevalence of barebacking did not differ by race/ethnicity or sexual orientation identification. Men tended to report bareback partners who had the same HIV serostatus; however, a sizeable proportion of men had partners of different or unknown serostatus. Increased physical stimulation and emotional connectedness were the primary reasons for barebacking. New approaches are needed to reduce bareback behavior and the risk of HIV transmission, including innovative health-promoting behavioral and biomedical interventions. JF - AIDS AU - Mansergh, G AU - Marks, G AU - Colfax, G N AU - Guzman, R AU - Rader, M AU - Buchbinder, S AD - US Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), Division of HIV/AIDS Prevention, 1600 Clifton Road, Mailstop E-45, Atlanta, GA 30333, USA, gcm2@cdc.gov Y1 - 2002/03/08/ PY - 2002 DA - 2002 Mar 08 SP - 653 EP - 659 VL - 16 IS - 4 SN - 0269-9370, 0269-9370 KW - barebacking KW - HIV KW - disease transmission KW - homosexuality KW - sexual behavior KW - Health & Safety Science Abstracts; Risk Abstracts KW - Human immunodeficiency virus KW - USA, California, San Francisco KW - H 11000:Diseases/Injuries/Trauma KW - R2 23060:Medical and environmental health UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/18322372?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Ariskabstracts&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=AIDS&rft.atitle=%27Barebacking%27+in+a+diverse+sample+of+men+who+have+sex+with+men&rft.au=Mansergh%2C+G%3BMarks%2C+G%3BColfax%2C+G+N%3BGuzman%2C+R%3BRader%2C+M%3BBuchbinder%2C+S&rft.aulast=Mansergh&rft.aufirst=G&rft.date=2002-03-08&rft.volume=16&rft.issue=4&rft.spage=653&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=AIDS&rft.issn=02699370&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Human immunodeficiency virus; USA, California, San Francisco ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Key topics for emergency health education in the Pacific. AN - 72885543; 12737426 AB - This discussion of key emergency health topics is meant to provide a primer for the public health practitioner beginning the study of emergency preparedness and response. The discussion focuses on the key concepts of: general principles of disaster management; emergency operations planning; incident management systems; disaster communications' mass casualty management; hazardous material response. JF - Pacific health dialog AU - Keim, Mark AD - National Center for Environmental Health, Centers for Disease Control & Prevention, 4770 Buford Highway, MS-F38, Atlanta, GA 30341-3724, USA mkeim@cdc.gov Y1 - 2002/03// PY - 2002 DA - March 2002 SP - 104 EP - 108 VL - 9 IS - 1 SN - 1015-7867, 1015-7867 KW - Hazardous Substances KW - 0 KW - Index Medicus KW - Models, Organizational KW - Pacific Islands KW - Emergency Service, Hospital -- organization & administration KW - Emergency Medical Service Communication Systems KW - Humans KW - Communication KW - Disaster Planning -- organization & administration KW - Inservice Training KW - Public Health -- education KW - Emergency Medical Services -- organization & administration UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/72885543?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Pacific+health+dialog&rft.atitle=Key+topics+for+emergency+health+education+in+the+Pacific.&rft.au=Keim%2C+Mark&rft.aulast=Keim&rft.aufirst=Mark&rft.date=2002-03-01&rft.volume=9&rft.issue=1&rft.spage=104&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Pacific+health+dialog&rft.issn=10157867&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 2003-08-26 N1 - Date created - 2003-05-09 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Fire and flame related events with multiple occupational injury fatalities in the United States, 1980-1995. AN - 72726867; 12462159 AB - The National Traumatic Occupational Fatalities surveillance system recorded 1587 fire and flame related occupational fatalities among the civilian workforce in the United States between 1980 and 1995. Of these fatalities, 433 resulted from 127 incidents that involved two or more victims. For purposes of this study, these victims were categorized into one of three cause-of-death classifications: burns, inhalation or other traumatic injury. The classification 'Burns' accounted for 232 or just over one-half of the fatalities and an additional 172 cases were coded as inhalation. Other traumatic injury was named as the cause of death for another 23 fatalities or five percent of the multiple victims. The cause of death for the remaining six fatalities could not be determined from the death certificates. This study revealed the similarities and disparities of the demographic and employment characteristics associated with these three cause-of-death classifications. JF - Injury control and safety promotion AU - Biddle, Elyce Anne AU - Hartley, Daniel AD - Analysis and Field Evaluations Branch, Division of Safety Research, National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, 1095 Willowdale Rd., Morgantown, WV 26505-2888, USA. egb6@cdc.gov Y1 - 2002/03// PY - 2002 DA - March 2002 SP - 9 EP - 18 VL - 9 IS - 1 SN - 1566-0974, 1566-0974 KW - Index Medicus KW - Humans KW - Retrospective Studies KW - Aged KW - Age Distribution KW - Risk Factors KW - Adult KW - Middle Aged KW - Adolescent KW - United States -- epidemiology KW - Sex Distribution KW - Time Factors KW - Female KW - Male KW - Multiple Trauma -- mortality KW - Burns -- complications KW - Multiple Trauma -- etiology KW - Accidents, Occupational -- statistics & numerical data KW - Burns -- mortality KW - Accidents, Occupational -- mortality KW - Fires -- statistics & numerical data UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/72726867?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Injury+control+and+safety+promotion&rft.atitle=Fire+and+flame+related+events+with+multiple+occupational+injury+fatalities+in+the+United+States%2C+1980-1995.&rft.au=Biddle%2C+Elyce+Anne%3BHartley%2C+Daniel&rft.aulast=Biddle&rft.aufirst=Elyce&rft.date=2002-03-01&rft.volume=9&rft.issue=1&rft.spage=9&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Injury+control+and+safety+promotion&rft.issn=15660974&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 2002-12-18 N1 - Date created - 2002-12-03 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Future directions of environmental public health research: ATSDR's 2002-2010 agenda for six priority focus areas. AN - 71712672; 12018019 AB - Additional research on human exposures to hazardous substances in community settings and resultant adverse health effects is needed to fill an extensive number of information gaps. For example, information is needed to answer specific public health questions about the toxic effects of specific chemicals, who has been exposed, what the health risks might be, and what interventions are effective. The Agency for Toxic Substances and Disease Registry (ATSDR) is the principal federal agency responsible for addressing issues of public health concerning the human health risks associated with hazardous waste sites and unplanned releases of hazardous substances into the environment. Research is a critical component in how effectively the agency can identify persons exposed, determine health risks, and intervene to reduce exposures and adverse health outcomes. ATSDR has recently developed an agenda for public health environmental research for 2002-2010, divided into the following six research focus areas: exposure assessment; chemical mixtures; susceptible populations; community and tribal involvement; evaluation and surveillance of health effects; and health promotion and intervention. This article discusses the agenda's development, the research issues within each of the six focus areas, and preliminary implementation plans. JF - International journal of hygiene and environmental health AU - Spengler, Robert F AU - Falk, Henry AD - Agency for Toxic Substances and Disease Registry, Mail Stop E-28, 1600 Clifton Road, NE, Atlanta, Georgia 30333, USA. RSpengler@cdc.gov Y1 - 2002/03// PY - 2002 DA - March 2002 SP - 77 EP - 83 VL - 205 IS - 1-2 SN - 1438-4639, 1438-4639 KW - Hazardous Substances KW - 0 KW - Index Medicus KW - United States KW - Interinstitutional Relations KW - Humans KW - Program Development KW - Risk Assessment KW - Population Surveillance KW - Health Promotion KW - Registries KW - Environmental Health -- trends KW - Hazardous Substances -- adverse effects KW - Environmental Exposure KW - Public Health -- trends KW - Research -- trends UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/71712672?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=International+journal+of+hygiene+and+environmental+health&rft.atitle=Future+directions+of+environmental+public+health+research%3A+ATSDR%27s+2002-2010+agenda+for+six+priority+focus+areas.&rft.au=Spengler%2C+Robert+F%3BFalk%2C+Henry&rft.aulast=Spengler&rft.aufirst=Robert&rft.date=2002-03-01&rft.volume=205&rft.issue=1-2&rft.spage=77&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=International+journal+of+hygiene+and+environmental+health&rft.issn=14384639&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 2002-11-05 N1 - Date created - 2002-05-20 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Collaboration and importance of federally sponsored Superfund research programs. AN - 71712614; 12018001 AB - Numerous studies have shown that the release of hazardous substances in the environment impact the environment and human health. Communities want to know if they have been exposed, if their health is affected, and how they can protect themselves. For environmental impacts the concerns include how best to clean up and manage the contamination, and protect the environment. The answers to these questions are complex and many times unknown. Three federal agencies conduct Superfund-related research to answer a wide range of questions from identifying contaminants of concern and health risks to determining effective cleanup and prevention strategies. This article discusses the research programs for the Agency for Toxic Substances and Disease Registry, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (Office of Research and Development), and National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences (Superfund Basic Research Program). The three agencies collaborate on their research programs and research agenda setting activities. This introduction to Superfund-related research provides a foundation and context for the scientific articles in this special edition of the journal. Because of the magnitude of environmental and human health concerns, there is a critical need for additional research to address many challenging questions involving exposures, biological responses, and environmental technologies. JF - International journal of hygiene and environmental health AU - Spengler, Robert F AU - Anderson, Beth E AU - Zenick, Harold AD - Agency for Toxic Substances and Disease Registry, Mail Stop E-28, 1600 Clifton Road, NE, Atlanta, Georgia 30333, USA. rys2@cdc.gov Y1 - 2002/03// PY - 2002 DA - March 2002 SP - 1 EP - 9 VL - 205 IS - 1-2 SN - 1438-4639, 1438-4639 KW - Hazardous Waste KW - 0 KW - Index Medicus KW - United States KW - Public Health KW - Humans KW - Risk Assessment KW - Research Support as Topic KW - Environmental Pollution -- prevention & control KW - Financing, Government KW - Interinstitutional Relations UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/71712614?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=International+journal+of+hygiene+and+environmental+health&rft.atitle=Collaboration+and+importance+of+federally+sponsored+Superfund+research+programs.&rft.au=Spengler%2C+Robert+F%3BAnderson%2C+Beth+E%3BZenick%2C+Harold&rft.aulast=Spengler&rft.aufirst=Robert&rft.date=2002-03-01&rft.volume=205&rft.issue=1-2&rft.spage=1&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=International+journal+of+hygiene+and+environmental+health&rft.issn=14384639&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 2002-11-05 N1 - Date created - 2002-05-20 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Elevated birth defects in racial or ethnic minority children of women living near hazardous waste sites. AN - 71699283; 12018013 AB - This case-control study evaluated the relationship between birth defects in racial or ethnic minority children born during 1983-1988 and the potential exposure of their mothers to contaminants at hazardous waste sites in California. Four categories of race or ethnicity were used: black/African American, Hispanic/Latino, American Indian/Alaska Native, and Asian/Pacific Islander. Case subjects were 13,938 minority infants with major structural birth defects (identified by the California Birth Defects Monitoring Program) whose mothers resided in selected counties at the time of delivery. The control group was composed of 14,463 minority infants without birth defects who were randomly selected from the same birth cohort as the case subjects. The potential for exposure was determined by whether the mother resided at the time of delivery in the same census tract as a hazardous waste site that was on the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency's National Priorities List (NPL). Racial/ethnic minority infants whose mothers had been potentially exposed to hazardous waste were at slightly increased risk for birth defects (odds ratio [OR] = 1.12, 95% confidence interval [CI] = 0.98-1.27) than were racial/ethnic minority infants whose mothers had not been potentially exposed. The greatest association was between potential exposure and neural tube defects (OR = 1.54, 95% CI = 0.93-2.55), particularly anencephaly (OR = 1.85, 95% CI = 0.91-3.75). The strongest association between birth defects and potential exposure was among American Indians/Alaska Natives (OR = 1.19, 95% CI = 0.62-2.27). Despite the limitations of this study, the consistency of these findings with previous studies suggests an association between environmental risk factors and birth defects. This is particularly relevant to minority populations. We recommend further investigation of birth defects among minority communities, particularly among American Indians/Alaska Natives. Special attention should also be paid to those defects and contaminants that consistently are associated with exposure to hazardous waste. JF - International journal of hygiene and environmental health AU - Orr, Maureen AU - Bove, Frank AU - Kaye, Wendy AU - Stone, Melanie AD - Agency for Toxic Substances and Disease Registry (ATSDR), Division of Health Studies. morr@cdc.gov Y1 - 2002/03// PY - 2002 DA - March 2002 SP - 19 EP - 27 VL - 205 IS - 1-2 SN - 1438-4639, 1438-4639 KW - Hazardous Waste KW - 0 KW - Index Medicus KW - Odds Ratio KW - Humans KW - Adult KW - Infant, Newborn KW - Case-Control Studies KW - Adolescent KW - California -- epidemiology KW - Female KW - Risk Assessment KW - Pregnancy KW - Indians, North American KW - Minority Groups KW - Ethnic Groups KW - Congenital Abnormalities -- epidemiology KW - Congenital Abnormalities -- etiology KW - Maternal Exposure UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/71699283?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=International+journal+of+hygiene+and+environmental+health&rft.atitle=Elevated+birth+defects+in+racial+or+ethnic+minority+children+of+women+living+near+hazardous+waste+sites.&rft.au=Orr%2C+Maureen%3BBove%2C+Frank%3BKaye%2C+Wendy%3BStone%2C+Melanie&rft.aulast=Orr&rft.aufirst=Maureen&rft.date=2002-03-01&rft.volume=205&rft.issue=1-2&rft.spage=19&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=International+journal+of+hygiene+and+environmental+health&rft.issn=14384639&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 2002-11-05 N1 - Date created - 2002-05-20 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Evaluating toxicologic end points to derive minimal risk levels for hazardous substances. AN - 71697532; 12018018 AB - The Agency for Toxic Substances and Disease Registry (ATSDR) uses chemical-specific minimal risk levels (MRLs) to assist in evaluating public health risks associated with exposure to hazardous substances. MRLs are estimates of daily human exposure to a chemical that are likely to be without an appreciable risk of adverse noncancer health effects over a specified duration of exposure. MRLs serve as screening levels for health assessors to identify contaminants and potential health effects that may be of concern for populations living near hazardous waste sites and chemical releases. MRLs are derived from toxicologic data complied from a comprehensive literature search and are presented in ATSDR's toxicological profile for that substance. They are based on the most sensitive substance-induced end point considered to be of relevance to humans. MRLs for each substance are derived for acute (1-14 days), intermediate (15-364 days), and chronic (365 days and longer) exposure durations, and for the oral and inhalation routes of exposure. In this paper, we present an overview of the approach used for evaluating the toxicologic end points in deriving the MRLs. Examples are given to illustrate the agency's efforts to achieve increased understanding, reduced uncertainty and improved public health guidance. JF - International journal of hygiene and environmental health AU - Chou, C H Selene J AU - Williams, Malcolm AU - Jones, Dennis AU - De Rosa, Christopher T AD - Division of Toxicology, Agency for Toxic Substances and Disease Registry, Department of Health and Human Services, 1600 Clifton Road, NE, MS E29, Atlanta, Georgia 30333, USA. cjc3@cdc.gov Y1 - 2002/03// PY - 2002 DA - March 2002 SP - 71 EP - 75 VL - 205 IS - 1-2 SN - 1438-4639, 1438-4639 KW - Hazardous Substances KW - 0 KW - Hazardous Waste KW - Index Medicus KW - Administration, Oral KW - Drug Administration Schedule KW - Endpoint Determination KW - Humans KW - Toxicity Tests KW - Risk Assessment KW - Public Health KW - Hazardous Substances -- adverse effects KW - Environmental Health KW - Inhalation Exposure UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/71697532?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=International+journal+of+hygiene+and+environmental+health&rft.atitle=Evaluating+toxicologic+end+points+to+derive+minimal+risk+levels+for+hazardous+substances.&rft.au=Chou%2C+C+H+Selene+J%3BWilliams%2C+Malcolm%3BJones%2C+Dennis%3BDe+Rosa%2C+Christopher+T&rft.aulast=Chou&rft.aufirst=C+H+Selene&rft.date=2002-03-01&rft.volume=205&rft.issue=1-2&rft.spage=71&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=International+journal+of+hygiene+and+environmental+health&rft.issn=14384639&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 2002-11-05 N1 - Date created - 2002-05-20 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Great lakes research--important human health findings and their impact on ATSDR's Superfund research program. AN - 71695885; 12018016 AB - The Agency for Toxic Substances and Disease Registry (ATSDR) was created by the Comprehensive Environmental Response, Compensation, and Liability Act (CERCLA) of 1980, commonly known as Superfund. ATSDR is the principal United States federal public health agency involved with issues of public health and applied science concerning the human health impact of living in the vicinity of a hazardous waste site, or emergencies resulting from unplanned releases of hazardous substances into community environments. In pursuing these mandates, ATSDR's mission is to prevent exposure and adverse human health effects and diminished quality of life associated with exposure to hazardous substances from waste sites, unplanned releases, and other sources of pollution present in the environment. There are more than 2,000 toxic substances found at hazardous waste sites in the United States. ATSDR has developed a prioritized list of 275 substances that pose the greatest hazard to human health. In conducting its work ATSDR has identified data gaps in knowledge about the toxicity of various hazardous substances as well as gaps in human exposure characterization. As part of its mandate, ATSDR initiated a Substance-Specific Applied Research Program (SSARP) to address these data gaps. The ATSDR Great Lakes Human Health Effects Research Program (GLHHERP) is a congressionally-mandated research program that characterizes exposure to persistent toxic substances and investigates the potential for adverse health outcome in at-risk populations. The research findings from this program in the areas of exposure, sociodemographic data, and health effects have significant public health implications for ATSDR's Superfund research activities. JF - International journal of hygiene and environmental health AU - Hicks, Heraline E AU - De Rosa, Christopher T AD - U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, Agency for Toxic Substances and Disease Registry, Atlanta, Georgia, USA. heh2@cdc.gov Y1 - 2002/03// PY - 2002 DA - March 2002 SP - 49 EP - 61 VL - 205 IS - 1-2 SN - 1438-4639, 1438-4639 KW - Hazardous Waste KW - 0 KW - Index Medicus KW - Animals KW - Humans KW - Great Lakes Region KW - Fishes KW - Food Contamination KW - Quality of Life KW - Social Conditions KW - Research -- trends KW - Risk Assessment KW - Registries KW - Environmental Health KW - Environmental Exposure UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/71695885?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=International+journal+of+hygiene+and+environmental+health&rft.atitle=Great+lakes+research--important+human+health+findings+and+their+impact+on+ATSDR%27s+Superfund+research+program.&rft.au=Hicks%2C+Heraline+E%3BDe+Rosa%2C+Christopher+T&rft.aulast=Hicks&rft.aufirst=Heraline&rft.date=2002-03-01&rft.volume=205&rft.issue=1-2&rft.spage=49&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=International+journal+of+hygiene+and+environmental+health&rft.issn=14384639&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 2002-11-05 N1 - Date created - 2002-05-20 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Applications of computational toxicology methods at the Agency for Toxic Substances and Disease Registry. AN - 71691880; 12018017 AB - In its efforts to provide consultations to state and local health departments, other federal agencies, health professionals, and the public on the health effects of environmental pollutants, the Agency for Toxic Substances and Disease Registry relies on the latest advances in computational toxicology. The computational toxicology laboratory at the agency is continually engaged in developing and applying models for decision-support tools such as physiologically based pharmacokinetic (PBPK) models, benchmark dose (BMD) models, and quantitative structure-activity relationship (QSAR) models. PBPK models are suitable for connecting exposure scenarios to biological indicators such as tissue dose or end point response. The models are used by the agency to identify the significance of exposure routes in producing tissue levels of possible contaminants for people living near hazardous waste sites. Additionally, PBPK models provide a credible scientific methodology for route-to-route extrapolations of health guidance values, which are usually determined from a very specific set of experiments. Also, scientists at the computational toxicology laboratory are using PBPK models for advancing toxicology research in such areas as joint toxicity assessment and child-based toxicity assessments. With BMD modeling, all the information embedded in an experimentally determined dose-response relationship is used to estimate, with minimum extrapolations, human health guidance values for environmental substances. Scientists in the laboratory also rely on QSAR models in the many cases where consultations from the agency are reported for chemicals that lack adequate experimental documentation. JF - International journal of hygiene and environmental health AU - el-Masri, Hisham A AU - Mumtaz, Moiz M AU - Choudhary, Gangadhar AU - Cibulas, William AU - De Rosa, Christopher T AD - Computational Toxicology Laboratory, Division of Toxicology, Agency for Toxic Substances and Disease Registry, Atlanta, GA, USA. hbe4@cdc.gov Y1 - 2002/03// PY - 2002 DA - March 2002 SP - 63 EP - 69 VL - 205 IS - 1-2 SN - 1438-4639, 1438-4639 KW - Hazardous Substances KW - 0 KW - Index Medicus KW - United States KW - Dose-Response Relationship, Drug KW - Humans KW - Interprofessional Relations KW - Structure-Activity Relationship KW - Risk Assessment KW - Decision Support Techniques KW - Registries KW - Hazardous Substances -- adverse effects KW - Environmental Health KW - Hazardous Substances -- pharmacokinetics KW - Hazardous Substances -- pharmacology KW - Benchmarking KW - Toxicology KW - Models, Theoretical UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/71691880?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=International+journal+of+hygiene+and+environmental+health&rft.atitle=Applications+of+computational+toxicology+methods+at+the+Agency+for+Toxic+Substances+and+Disease+Registry.&rft.au=el-Masri%2C+Hisham+A%3BMumtaz%2C+Moiz+M%3BChoudhary%2C+Gangadhar%3BCibulas%2C+William%3BDe+Rosa%2C+Christopher+T&rft.aulast=el-Masri&rft.aufirst=Hisham&rft.date=2002-03-01&rft.volume=205&rft.issue=1-2&rft.spage=63&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=International+journal+of+hygiene+and+environmental+health&rft.issn=14384639&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 2002-11-05 N1 - Date created - 2002-05-20 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Findings and accomplishments of ATSDR's Superfund-mandated Substance-Specific Applied Research Program. AN - 71691588; 12018014 AB - Priority research needs determined by the Agency for Toxic Substances and Disease Registry (ATSDR) for the agencies top-ranked hazardous substances are being filled via regulatory mechanisms, private sector voluntarism, and university-based research. To date, 17 studies have been completed, 12 are ongoing, and 12 are currently planned. Under the direction of the Substance-Specific Applied Research Program (SSARP), ATSDR-supported research has filled research needs that significantly improved the information base available for making appropriate public health decisions. With the knowledge and understanding gained from this research, health professionals are better able to identify and interdict significant exposure and mitigate toxicity when exposure occurs. Thus, the SSARP has played, and continues to play, a vital role in contributing towards improving ATSDR's efforts to meet its mission and goals in environmental public health. In addition to addressing research needs of interest to ATSDR, findings from the program have contributed to the overall scientific knowledge about the effects of toxic substances in the environment. JF - International journal of hygiene and environmental health AU - Stevens, Yee-Wan AU - Williams-Johnson, Mildred M AU - De Rosa, Christopher T AU - Cibulas, William AD - Division of Toxicology, Agency for Toxic Substances and Disease Registry, U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, Atlanta, Georgia, USA. yts1@cdc.gov Y1 - 2002/03// PY - 2002 DA - March 2002 SP - 29 EP - 39 VL - 205 IS - 1-2 SN - 1438-4639, 1438-4639 KW - Hazardous Substances KW - 0 KW - Index Medicus KW - United States KW - Policy Making KW - Information Services KW - Financing, Government KW - Interinstitutional Relations KW - Humans KW - Research -- trends KW - Decision Making KW - Risk Assessment KW - Research Support as Topic KW - Registries KW - Environment KW - Private Sector KW - Hazardous Substances -- classification KW - Public Health KW - Environmental Exposure UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/71691588?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=International+journal+of+hygiene+and+environmental+health&rft.atitle=Findings+and+accomplishments+of+ATSDR%27s+Superfund-mandated+Substance-Specific+Applied+Research+Program.&rft.au=Stevens%2C+Yee-Wan%3BWilliams-Johnson%2C+Mildred+M%3BDe+Rosa%2C+Christopher+T%3BCibulas%2C+William&rft.aulast=Stevens&rft.aufirst=Yee-Wan&rft.date=2002-03-01&rft.volume=205&rft.issue=1-2&rft.spage=29&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=International+journal+of+hygiene+and+environmental+health&rft.issn=14384639&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 2002-11-05 N1 - Date created - 2002-05-20 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - A cycloheximide-sensitive factor regulates TCDD-induced degradation of the aryl hydrocarbon receptor. AN - 71670769; 12002481 AB - 2,3,7,8-Tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin (TCDD), a prototype of environmental halogenated aromatic hydrocarbons, induces a rapid reduction in steady state aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AhR). Here, we analyzed the biochemical pathway and function of the downregulation. Our results reveal that TCDD downregulates the AhR protein by shortening the halflife of AhR. The TCDD-induced degradation of AhR is inhibited by MG132, a potent inhibitor of the 26S proteasome, indicating the ubiquitin-26S proteasome mediated proteolysis as a mechanism for the degradation of AhR. Furthermore, inhibition of protein synthesis by cycloheximide blocks the degradation of AhR by TCDD, suggesting a labile factor in controlling the stability of ligand-activated AhR (hence, designated as AhR degradation promoting factor, or ADPF). Analyses of nuclear AhR demonstrated that cycloheximide increases nuclear AhR protein and functional AhR/Arnt DNA-binding complex, resulting in superinduction of CYP1A1. Lastly, genetic analyses by using AhR- or Arnt-defective variant cells demonstrate that superinduction by cycloheximide requires the transcription activation (TA) domain of AhR, implicating the TA domain in the control of AhR turnover by ADPF. These findings provide new insights into the mechanism by which TCDD-activated AhR is regulated in nucleus through the 26S proteasome protein degradation pathway. JF - Chemosphere AU - Ma, Qiang AU - Baldwin, Kimberly T AD - Molecular Toxicology Laboratory, Toxicology and Molecular Biology Branch, Health Effects Laboratory Division, National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Morgantown, WV 26505, USA. qam1@cdc.gov Y1 - 2002/03// PY - 2002 DA - March 2002 SP - 1491 EP - 1500 VL - 46 IS - 9-10 SN - 0045-6535, 0045-6535 KW - Environmental Pollutants KW - 0 KW - Ligands KW - Polychlorinated Dibenzodioxins KW - Protein Synthesis Inhibitors KW - Receptors, Aryl Hydrocarbon KW - DNA KW - 9007-49-2 KW - Cycloheximide KW - 98600C0908 KW - Cytochrome P-450 CYP1A1 KW - EC 1.14.14.1 KW - Peptide Hydrolases KW - EC 3.4.- KW - Proteasome Endopeptidase Complex KW - EC 3.4.25.1 KW - ATP dependent 26S protease KW - EC 3.4.99.- KW - Index Medicus KW - Animals KW - Protein Synthesis Inhibitors -- pharmacology KW - Half-Life KW - Down-Regulation KW - Cytochrome P-450 CYP1A1 -- pharmacology KW - Cycloheximide -- pharmacology KW - DNA -- chemistry KW - Mice KW - Cytochrome P-450 CYP1A1 -- biosynthesis KW - Receptors, Aryl Hydrocarbon -- drug effects KW - Environmental Pollutants -- metabolism KW - Receptors, Aryl Hydrocarbon -- physiology KW - Peptide Hydrolases -- pharmacology KW - Gene Expression Regulation -- drug effects KW - Polychlorinated Dibenzodioxins -- metabolism UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/71670769?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Chemosphere&rft.atitle=A+cycloheximide-sensitive+factor+regulates+TCDD-induced+degradation+of+the+aryl+hydrocarbon+receptor.&rft.au=Ma%2C+Qiang%3BBaldwin%2C+Kimberly+T&rft.aulast=Ma&rft.aufirst=Qiang&rft.date=2002-03-01&rft.volume=46&rft.issue=9-10&rft.spage=1491&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Chemosphere&rft.issn=00456535&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 2002-11-04 N1 - Date created - 2002-05-10 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Hearing protector use in noise-exposed workers: a retrospective look at 1983. AN - 71663206; 11975657 AB - Although hearing protectors have been available for more than 60 years, little field surveillance has been done to assess their appropriate wear in noisy occupational environments. This study examined historical field survey data to determine whether workers use hearing protection when exposed to loud noise. Data from the 1981-83 NIOSH National Occupational Exposure Survey were analyzed to determine whether workers in noise greater than or equal to 85 dBA were using hearing protection. The study also looked at the effect of company personal protective equipment (PPE) policies on hearing protector compliance. This study found that, in 1981-83, an estimated 4.1 million industrial workers were exposed to noise greater than or equal to 85 dBA. Of these, 41% were wearing some form of hearing protection. This percentage varied from 79% of workers exposed in SIC 76 (Miscellaneous Repair Service) to less than 1% in Communications (SIC 48), Wholesale Trade Nondurable Goods (SIC 51), and Automotive Dealers & Service Stations (SIC 55). Whether an establishment had a written policy on wearing PPE seemed to make no difference, because there appeared to be no tie between the percentage of workers wearing of hearing protection and presence of a PPE policy. JF - AIHA journal : a journal for the science of occupational and environmental health and safety AU - Davis, Rickie R AU - Sieber, W Karl AD - Engineering and Physical Hazards Branch, Division of Applied Research and Technology, National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, Cincinnati, OH 45226, USA. rrd1@cdc.gov PY - 2002 SP - 199 EP - 204 VL - 63 IS - 2 SN - 1542-8117, 1542-8117 KW - Index Medicus KW - United States KW - Humans KW - National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (U.S.) -- statistics & numerical data KW - Retrospective Studies KW - Data Collection KW - Public Policy KW - Occupational Health KW - Ear Protective Devices KW - Guideline Adherence KW - Noise, Occupational UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/71663206?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=AIHA+journal+%3A+a+journal+for+the+science+of+occupational+and+environmental+health+and+safety&rft.atitle=Hearing+protector+use+in+noise-exposed+workers%3A+a+retrospective+look+at+1983.&rft.au=Davis%2C+Rickie+R%3BSieber%2C+W+Karl&rft.aulast=Davis&rft.aufirst=Rickie&rft.date=2002-03-01&rft.volume=63&rft.issue=2&rft.spage=199&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=AIHA+journal+%3A+a+journal+for+the+science+of+occupational+and+environmental+health+and+safety&rft.issn=15428117&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 2002-10-16 N1 - Date created - 2002-05-08 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Determination of unique microbial volatile organic compounds produced by five Aspergillus species commonly found in problem buildings. AN - 71663175; 11975648 AB - This study identified unique microbial volatile organic compounds (UMVOCs) produced by five Aspergillus species (A. fumigatus, A. versicolor, A. sydowi, A. flavus, and A. niger) cultivated on malt extract agar and gypsum board. The hypothesis was that UMVOCs can be used to predict the presence of Aspergillus species. During the cultivation humidified air was continually supplied and evenly distributed through each of the culture flasks. Volatile metabolites were collected using Tenax TA tubes on Days 8, 16, and 30 after inoculation. The volatile metabolites were determined by gas chromatography/mass spectroscopy after thermal desorption. Nine compounds recognized as UMVOCs--3-methyl-1-butanol; 2-methyl-1-propanol; terpineol; 2-heptanone; 1-octen-3-ol; dimethyl disulfide; 2-hexanone; 3-octanone; and 2-pentylfuran--were found on the cultures in detectable amounts. The first two compounds were detected at the highest frequency when combining both media. The first four compounds were found to be the dominant UMVOCs on gypsum board, which could be used as chemical markers of the common Aspergillus species grown indoors. JF - AIHA journal : a journal for the science of occupational and environmental health and safety AU - Gao, Pengfei AU - Korley, Frederick AU - Martin, Jennifer AU - Chen, Bean T AD - National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, Morgantown, WV 26505, USA. Pgao@cdc.gov PY - 2002 SP - 135 EP - 140 VL - 63 IS - 2 SN - 1542-8117, 1542-8117 KW - Organic Chemicals KW - 0 KW - Index Medicus KW - Environmental Monitoring KW - Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry KW - Volatilization KW - Organic Chemicals -- analysis KW - Humidity KW - Forecasting KW - Air Pollution, Indoor -- analysis KW - Aspergillus -- chemistry UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/71663175?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=AIHA+journal+%3A+a+journal+for+the+science+of+occupational+and+environmental+health+and+safety&rft.atitle=Determination+of+unique+microbial+volatile+organic+compounds+produced+by+five+Aspergillus+species+commonly+found+in+problem+buildings.&rft.au=Gao%2C+Pengfei%3BKorley%2C+Frederick%3BMartin%2C+Jennifer%3BChen%2C+Bean+T&rft.aulast=Gao&rft.aufirst=Pengfei&rft.date=2002-03-01&rft.volume=63&rft.issue=2&rft.spage=135&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=AIHA+journal+%3A+a+journal+for+the+science+of+occupational+and+environmental+health+and+safety&rft.issn=15428117&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 2002-10-16 N1 - Date created - 2002-05-08 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Programs-that-work: CDC's guide to effective programs that reduce health-risk behavior of youth. AN - 71614541; 11962230 AB - In response to requests from educators for effective programs that reduce health-risk behavior among youth, the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention initiated "Programs-That-Work" (PTW) in 1992 to identify health education programs with credible evidence of effectiveness. CDC identified as PTW two programs to reduce tobacco use and eight programs to reduce sexual risk behaviors. Eligible programs undergo a two-step external review to examine quality of the research evidence and the extent to which the programs are practical for use by health educators. If CDC identifies a programs as a PTW on the basis of external review, the program is packaged and made available for dissemination to education and youth agencies. Communities ultimately make the decision about adopting a program, and CDC does not require their use. Thousands of educators have sought information about PTW through the CDC web site, informational brochures, and training. JF - The Journal of school health AU - Collins, Janet AU - Robin, Leah AU - Wooley, Susan AU - Fenley, Dean AU - Hunt, Peter AU - Taylor, Julie AU - Haber, Deborah AU - Kolbe, Lloyd AD - National Center for Chronic Disease Prevention and Health Promotion, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, 4770 Buford Highway, NE, MS-K40, Atlanta, GA 30341, USA. jlc1@cdc.gov Y1 - 2002/03// PY - 2002 DA - March 2002 SP - 93 EP - 99 VL - 72 IS - 3 SN - 0022-4391, 0022-4391 KW - Index Medicus KW - Nursing KW - United States KW - Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (U.S.) KW - Humans KW - HIV Infections -- prevention & control KW - Tobacco Use Disorder -- prevention & control KW - Program Evaluation KW - Adolescent KW - School Health Services KW - Risk-Taking KW - Health Education -- methods KW - National Health Programs -- organization & administration UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/71614541?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Journal+of+school+health&rft.atitle=Programs-that-work%3A+CDC%27s+guide+to+effective+programs+that+reduce+health-risk+behavior+of+youth.&rft.au=Collins%2C+Janet%3BRobin%2C+Leah%3BWooley%2C+Susan%3BFenley%2C+Dean%3BHunt%2C+Peter%3BTaylor%2C+Julie%3BHaber%2C+Deborah%3BKolbe%2C+Lloyd&rft.aulast=Collins&rft.aufirst=Janet&rft.date=2002-03-01&rft.volume=72&rft.issue=3&rft.spage=93&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=The+Journal+of+school+health&rft.issn=00224391&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 2002-10-10 N1 - Date created - 2002-04-18 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Cis-4-[(18)F]fluoro-L-proline PET imaging of pulmonary fibrosis in a rabbit model. AN - 71555352; 11884503 AB - A fluorinated analog of proline amino acid, cis-4-[(18)F]fluoro-L-proline (FP), was tested for potential use in PET for detection and evaluation of pulmonary response to respirable crystalline silica. The purpose of the study was to determine whether PET imaging with FP is sensitive for detection of pulmonary fibrosis. Experimental silicosis was produced in rabbits by airway instillation of 300 mg respirable silica in 0.9% sterile saline; control rabbits received only saline. After 1, 2, 4, or 5 mo, animals were injected with 37 MBq (1 mCi) FP, and imaged in sets of 2 to 3 in a PET scanner using a dynamic scanning protocol over a 3-h period. Each imaging set contained at least 1 control rabbit. FP uptake in each lung was scored from 0 to 5 (PET score) by consensus of 3 readers blinded to animals' exposure status. Animals were humanely killed 2 d after the last imaging, and tissue sections from each lung lobe were graded from 0 to 5 by histopathology examination (histopathology score) for severity and distribution of fibrosis. Silicotic animals had significantly higher (P 1) showed a significant association with elevated PET score (i.e., PET score > 1) using Fisher's exact test (P 1 showed evidence of fibrosis. Localization of activity to specific lung areas was less exact, perhaps due in part to the small animal size for the resolution of the clinical PET imager used. PET scores were elevated (>1) for 67% (10/15) of silicotic right lungs and 75% (12/16) of silicotic left lungs; fibrosis scores > 1 were measured in 91% (10/11) of right lungs with PET scores > 1, and in 92% (12/13) of such left lungs. The FP tracer provided sensitive and specific identification of silicotic animals in early stages of the disease. This suggests that FP PET imaging has the potential sensitivity to detect active fibrosis in silicosis and other lung diseases. Additional studies are needed to determine the specificity of the FP tracer for fibrosis versus inflammatory processes. JF - Journal of nuclear medicine : official publication, Society of Nuclear Medicine AU - Wallace, William E AU - Gupta, Naresh C AU - Hubbs, Ann F AU - Mazza, Samuel M AU - Bishop, Harry A AU - Keane, Michael J AU - Battelli, Lori A AU - Ma, Jane AU - Schleiff, Patricia AD - National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH), Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), Morgantown, West Virginia, USA. Y1 - 2002/03// PY - 2002 DA - March 2002 SP - 413 EP - 420 VL - 43 IS - 3 SN - 0161-5505, 0161-5505 KW - Fluorine Radioisotopes KW - 0 KW - Radiopharmaceuticals KW - fluoro-proline KW - Proline KW - 9DLQ4CIU6V KW - Index Medicus KW - Sensitivity and Specificity KW - Silicosis -- diagnostic imaging KW - Animals KW - Lung -- diagnostic imaging KW - Rabbits KW - Lung -- pathology KW - Male KW - Pulmonary Fibrosis -- pathology KW - Pulmonary Fibrosis -- diagnostic imaging KW - Tomography, Emission-Computed KW - Proline -- analogs & derivatives UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/71555352?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+nuclear+medicine+%3A+official+publication%2C+Society+of+Nuclear+Medicine&rft.atitle=Cis-4-%5B%2818%29F%5Dfluoro-L-proline+PET+imaging+of+pulmonary+fibrosis+in+a+rabbit+model.&rft.au=Wallace%2C+William+E%3BGupta%2C+Naresh+C%3BHubbs%2C+Ann+F%3BMazza%2C+Samuel+M%3BBishop%2C+Harry+A%3BKeane%2C+Michael+J%3BBattelli%2C+Lori+A%3BMa%2C+Jane%3BSchleiff%2C+Patricia&rft.aulast=Wallace&rft.aufirst=William&rft.date=2002-03-01&rft.volume=43&rft.issue=3&rft.spage=413&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+nuclear+medicine+%3A+official+publication%2C+Society+of+Nuclear+Medicine&rft.issn=01615505&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 2002-04-05 N1 - Date created - 2002-03-08 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - SuppNotes - Comment In: J Nucl Med. 2003 Mar;44(3):483-4; author reply 484 [12621018] N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Insecticide-treated bednet use, anaemia, and malaria parasitaemia in Blantyre District, Malawi. AN - 71528596; 11903984 AB - To evaluate the use of insecticide-treated bednets and the effectiveness of social marketing for their distribution. Systematic cluster sample survey of 1080 households in 36 census enumeration areas across Blantyre district, Malawi, in February 2000. A total of 672 households had one or more children under 5. Bednet ownership was low (20.5% of households) overall, and significantly lower in rural areas than urban areas (6.4 vs. 29.8%, P=0.001). Only 3.3% of rural children under 5 had slept under a net the previous night, compared with 24.0% of urban children (P < 0.001). When asked why they did not own a net, nearly all (94.9%) caretakers in households without nets stated they had no money to buy them. In multivariate statistical models that controlled for the influence of house structure, urban vs. rural location, gender of the head of household, and the primary caretaker's education, rural children under 5 in households without nets experienced a statistically significant higher prevalence of malaria parasitaemia [RR (risk ratio) 4.9, 95% CI (confidence interval) 2.3-10.5] than children in households with at least one bednet. This was also true for urban children under 5 (RR 2.1, 95% CI 1.0-4.2, P=0.04). Social marketing approaches to promoting insecticide-treated nets in Blantyre District may have produced measurable health benefits for children in those households in which residents bought and used the products. Market-based approaches may take years to achieve high levels of coverage and may exaggerate inequities between urban and rural populations. JF - Tropical medicine & international health : TM & IH AU - Holtz, Timothy H AU - Marum, Lawrence H AU - Mkandala, Christopher AU - Chizani, Nyson AU - Roberts, Jacquelin M AU - Macheso, Allan AU - Parise, Monica E AU - Kachur, S Patrick AD - Division of Parasitic Diseases, National Center for Infectious Diseases, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA 30341, USA. tkh3@cdc.gov Y1 - 2002/03// PY - 2002 DA - March 2002 SP - 220 EP - 230 VL - 7 IS - 3 SN - 1360-2276, 1360-2276 KW - Insecticides KW - 0 KW - Index Medicus KW - Educational Status KW - Rural Population KW - Humans KW - Aged KW - Child KW - Malawi -- epidemiology KW - Child, Preschool KW - Infant KW - Poverty KW - Adult KW - Surveys and Questionnaires KW - Middle Aged KW - Occupations KW - Adolescent KW - Urban Population KW - Female KW - Male KW - Malaria -- prevention & control KW - Malaria -- epidemiology KW - Bedding and Linens -- utilization KW - Insecticides -- therapeutic use KW - Anemia -- epidemiology KW - Anemia -- prevention & control UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/71528596?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Tropical+medicine+%26+international+health+%3A+TM+%26+IH&rft.atitle=Insecticide-treated+bednet+use%2C+anaemia%2C+and+malaria+parasitaemia+in+Blantyre+District%2C+Malawi.&rft.au=Holtz%2C+Timothy+H%3BMarum%2C+Lawrence+H%3BMkandala%2C+Christopher%3BChizani%2C+Nyson%3BRoberts%2C+Jacquelin+M%3BMacheso%2C+Allan%3BParise%2C+Monica+E%3BKachur%2C+S+Patrick&rft.aulast=Holtz&rft.aufirst=Timothy&rft.date=2002-03-01&rft.volume=7&rft.issue=3&rft.spage=220&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Tropical+medicine+%26+international+health+%3A+TM+%26+IH&rft.issn=13602276&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 2002-04-02 N1 - Date created - 2002-03-20 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Rashes among schoolchildren--14 states, October 4, 2001-February 27, 2002. AN - 71520190; 11900116 AB - Fourteen states (Arizona, Connecticut, Florida, Georgia, Indiana, Mississippi, New York, Ohio, Oregon, Pennsylvania, Texas, Virginia, Washington, and West Virginia) have reported investigations of multiple schoolchildren who have developed rashes. This report summarizes the investigation by state and local health departments of these rashes, which have occurred during October 2001 through February 2002, and provides examples for four states. Preliminary findings indicate that further investigation is needed to determine whether a common etiology for these rashes exists. JF - MMWR. Morbidity and mortality weekly report AU - Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) AD - Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) Y1 - 2002/03/01/ PY - 2002 DA - 2002 Mar 01 SP - 161 EP - 164 VL - 51 IS - 8 SN - 0149-2195, 0149-2195 KW - Index Medicus KW - Public Health Practice KW - Humans KW - Adult KW - Environmental Exposure KW - Child KW - Adolescent KW - United States -- epidemiology KW - Male KW - Female KW - Erythema Infectiosum -- diagnosis KW - Environmental Illness -- diagnosis KW - Exanthema -- epidemiology KW - Schools KW - Exanthema -- etiology KW - Disease Outbreaks UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/71520190?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=MMWR.+Morbidity+and+mortality+weekly+report&rft.atitle=Rashes+among+schoolchildren--14+states%2C+October+4%2C+2001-February+27%2C+2002.&rft.au=Centers+for+Disease+Control+and+Prevention+%28CDC%29&rft.aulast=Centers+for+Disease+Control+and+Prevention+%28CDC%29&rft.aufirst=&rft.date=2002-03-01&rft.volume=51&rft.issue=8&rft.spage=161&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=MMWR.+Morbidity+and+mortality+weekly+report&rft.issn=01492195&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 2002-03-21 N1 - Date created - 2002-03-19 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Age-specific seroprevalence of HIV, hepatitis B virus, and hepatitis C virus infection among injection drug users admitted to drug treatment in 6 US cities. AN - 71485641; 11867316 AB - This study measured age-specific seroprevalence of HIV, hepatitis B virus, and hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection among injection drug users (IDUs) admitted to drug treatment programs in 6 US cities. Remnant sera collected from persons entering treatment with a history of illicit drug injection were tested for antibodies to HIV, hepatitis C (anti-HCV), and hepatitis B core antigen (anti-HBc). Prevalence of anti-HBc and anti-HCV increased with age and reached 80% to 100% among older IDUs in all 6 cities. Although overall age-specific HIV prevalence was lower than anti-HCV or anti-HBc, this prevalence was greater in the Northeast than in the Midwest and West. The need continues for effective primary prevention programs among IDUs specifically targeting young persons who have recently started to inject drugs. JF - American journal of public health AU - Murrill, Christopher S AU - Weeks, Howard AU - Castrucci, Brian C AU - Weinstock, Hillard S AU - Bell, Beth P AU - Spruill, Catherine AU - Gwinn, Marta AD - Division of HIV/AIDS Prevention, National Center for HIV, STD, and TB Prevention, 1600 Clifton Road, Mail Stop E-46, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA 30333, USA. csm5@cdc.gov Y1 - 2002/03// PY - 2002 DA - March 2002 SP - 385 EP - 387 VL - 92 IS - 3 SN - 0090-0036, 0090-0036 KW - Abridged Index Medicus KW - Index Medicus KW - Humans KW - Blood-Borne Pathogens KW - Adult KW - Middle Aged KW - Substance Abuse Treatment Centers -- utilization KW - United States -- epidemiology KW - Male KW - Female KW - Prevalence KW - Age Distribution KW - Substance Abuse, Intravenous -- virology KW - HIV Seroprevalence KW - Urban Health -- statistics & numerical data KW - Hepatitis C -- etiology KW - Hepatitis C -- epidemiology KW - Substance Abuse, Intravenous -- complications KW - Hepatitis B -- etiology KW - Hepatitis B -- epidemiology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/71485641?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=American+journal+of+public+health&rft.atitle=Age-specific+seroprevalence+of+HIV%2C+hepatitis+B+virus%2C+and+hepatitis+C+virus+infection+among+injection+drug+users+admitted+to+drug+treatment+in+6+US+cities.&rft.au=Murrill%2C+Christopher+S%3BWeeks%2C+Howard%3BCastrucci%2C+Brian+C%3BWeinstock%2C+Hillard+S%3BBell%2C+Beth+P%3BSpruill%2C+Catherine%3BGwinn%2C+Marta&rft.aulast=Murrill&rft.aufirst=Christopher&rft.date=2002-03-01&rft.volume=92&rft.issue=3&rft.spage=385&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=American+journal+of+public+health&rft.issn=00900036&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 2002-03-13 N1 - Date created - 2002-02-27 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - SuppNotes - Cited By: MMWR Morb Mortal Wkly Rep. 2001 May 18;50(19):388-90, 399 [11465908] MMWR Morb Mortal Wkly Rep. 1989 Jul 21;38(Suppl 7):1-7 [2501638] West J Med. 1992 Jan;156(1):30-5 [1310362] Am J Epidemiol. 1995 Aug 1;142(3):331-41 [7631637] J Infect Dis. 1996 Mar;173(3):579-83 [8627020] MMWR Recomm Rep. 1998 Oct 16;47(RR-19):1-39 [9790221] Am J Public Health. 1996 May;86(5):655-61 [8629715] J Acquir Immune Defic Syndr Hum Retrovirol. 1996 May 1;12(1):84-92 [8624766] Am J Epidemiol. 1996 Apr 1;143(7):733-42 [8651236] Addiction. 1997 Aug;92(8):999-1005 [9376782] Int J Epidemiol. 1997 Dec;26(6):1359-66 [9447418] J Acquir Immune Defic Syndr Hum Retrovirol. 1996 Apr 15;11(5):499-509 [8605596] N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Interaction between noise and asphyxiants: a concern for toxicology and occupational health. AN - 71481150; 11861966 AB - The article highlighted in this issue is "Potentiation of Noise-Induced Hearing Loss by Low Concentrations of Hydrogen Cyanide in Rats" by Laurence D. Fechter, Guang-Di Chen, and David L. Johnson (pp. 131-138). JF - Toxicological sciences : an official journal of the Society of Toxicology AU - Morata, Thais C AD - Hearing Loss Prevention Section, Division of Applied Research and Technology, National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, C27, 4676 Columbia Parkway, Cincinnati, Ohio 45226, USA. tmorata@cdc.gov Y1 - 2002/03// PY - 2002 DA - March 2002 SP - 1 EP - 3 VL - 66 IS - 1 SN - 1096-6080, 1096-6080 KW - Hydrogen Cyanide KW - 2WTB3V159F KW - Index Medicus KW - Occupational Health KW - Animals KW - Auditory Threshold -- drug effects KW - Dose-Response Relationship, Drug KW - Humans KW - Occupational Exposure -- adverse effects KW - Noise, Occupational -- adverse effects KW - Hearing Loss, Noise-Induced -- etiology KW - Hydrogen Cyanide -- toxicity KW - Noise -- adverse effects UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/71481150?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Toxicological+sciences+%3A+an+official+journal+of+the+Society+of+Toxicology&rft.atitle=Interaction+between+noise+and+asphyxiants%3A+a+concern+for+toxicology+and+occupational+health.&rft.au=Morata%2C+Thais+C&rft.aulast=Morata&rft.aufirst=Thais&rft.date=2002-03-01&rft.volume=66&rft.issue=1&rft.spage=1&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Toxicological+sciences+%3A+an+official+journal+of+the+Society+of+Toxicology&rft.issn=10966080&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 2002-06-25 N1 - Date created - 2002-02-25 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - SuppNotes - Comment On: Toxicol Sci. 2002 Mar;66(1):131-8 [11861980] N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Reconstruction and analysis of 137Cs fallout deposition patterns in the Marshall Islands. AN - 71458381; 11845833 AB - Estimates of 137Cs deposition caused by fallout originating from nuclear weapons testing in the Marshall Islands have been estimated for several locations in the Marshall Islands. These retrospective estimates are based primarily on historical exposure rate and gummed film measurements. The methods used to reconstruct these deposition estimates are similar to those used in the National Cancer Institute study for reconstructing 131I deposition from the Nevada Test Site. Reconstructed cumulative deposition estimates are validated against contemporary measurements of 137Cs concentration in soil with account taken for estimated global fallout contributions. These validations show that the overall geometric bias in predicted-to-observed (P:O) ratios is 1.0 (indicating excellent agreement). The 5th to 95th percentile range of this distribution is 0.35-2.95. The P:O ratios for estimates using historical gummed film measurements tend to slightly overpredict more than estimates using exposure rate measurements. The deposition estimate methods, supported by the agreement between estimates and measurements, suggest that these methods can be used with confidence for other weapons testing fallout radionuclides. JF - Health physics AU - Whitcomb, Robert C AD - Division of Environmental Hazards and Health Effects, National Center for Environmental Health, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA 30333, USA. byw3@cdc.gov Y1 - 2002/03// PY - 2002 DA - March 2002 SP - 304 EP - 315 VL - 82 IS - 3 SN - 0017-9078, 0017-9078 KW - Cesium Radioisotopes KW - 0 KW - Radioactive Fallout KW - Soil Pollutants, Radioactive KW - Index Medicus KW - Weather KW - Nuclear Warfare KW - Micronesia KW - Time Factors KW - Radiation Monitoring KW - Models, Theoretical KW - Cesium Radioisotopes -- analysis KW - Radioactive Fallout -- analysis UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/71458381?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Health+physics&rft.atitle=Reconstruction+and+analysis+of+137Cs+fallout+deposition+patterns+in+the+Marshall+Islands.&rft.au=Whitcomb%2C+Robert+C&rft.aulast=Whitcomb&rft.aufirst=Robert&rft.date=2002-03-01&rft.volume=82&rft.issue=3&rft.spage=304&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Health+physics&rft.issn=00179078&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 2002-03-01 N1 - Date created - 2002-02-15 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Influence of a Substance-Abuse-Prevention Curriculum on Violence-Related Behavior AN - 61484732; 200205508 AB - Objective: To test the impact of a school-based substance-abuse-prevention program, Project Towards No Drug Abuse (TND), on risk for violence. Methods: Logistic regression analyses tested whether victimization, perpetration, or weapon carrying differed for intervention students relative to control students within a sample of 850 continuation high school students followed over 12 months. Results: We observed a higher risk for victimization (OR=1.57) among male control students. No intervention effect was observed for female students or for perpetration among males. Conclusion: The findings provide limited support for a generalization of TND's preventive effect. 3 Tables, 29 References. Adapted from the source document. JF - American Journal of Health Behavior AU - Simon, Thomas R AU - Sussman, Steve AU - Dahlberg, Linda L AU - Dent, Clyde W AD - National Center Injury Prevention & Control, CDC, Atlanta, GA tsimon@cdc.gov Y1 - 2002/03// PY - 2002 DA - March 2002 SP - 103 EP - 110 VL - 26 IS - 2 SN - 1087-3244, 1087-3244 KW - California KW - Risk KW - Prevention KW - Firearms KW - Intervention KW - Program Evaluation KW - High School Students KW - Violence KW - Victimization KW - Drug Abuse KW - article KW - 6145: education, work, & occupations UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/61484732?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Asocialservices&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=American+Journal+of+Health+Behavior&rft.atitle=Influence+of+a+Substance-Abuse-Prevention+Curriculum+on+Violence-Related+Behavior&rft.au=Simon%2C+Thomas+R%3BSussman%2C+Steve%3BDahlberg%2C+Linda+L%3BDent%2C+Clyde+W&rft.aulast=Simon&rft.aufirst=Thomas&rft.date=2002-03-01&rft.volume=26&rft.issue=2&rft.spage=103&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=American+Journal+of+Health+Behavior&rft.issn=10873244&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - Social Services Abstracts N1 - Date revised - 2007-05-01 N1 - Last updated - 2016-09-28 N1 - CODEN - AJHBF6 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Drug Abuse; Prevention; Intervention; Risk; Violence; Program Evaluation; High School Students; Firearms; Victimization; California ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Reconstruction and analysis of super(137)Cs fallout deposition patterns in the Marshall Islands AN - 18561578; 5365814 AB - Estimates of super(137)Cs deposition caused by fallout originating from nuclear weapons testing in the Marshall Islands have been estimated for several locations in the Marshall Islands. These retrospective estimates are based primarily on historical exposure rate and gummed film measurements. The methods used to reconstruct these deposition estimates are similar to those used in the National Cancer Institute study for reconstructing super(131)I deposition from the Nevada Test Site. Reconstructed cumulative deposition estimates are validated against contemporary measurements of super(137)Cs concentration in soil with account taken for estimated global fallout contributions. These validations show that the overall geometric bias in predicted-to-observed (P:O) ratios is 1.0 (indicating excellent agreement). The 5th to 95th percentile range of this distribution is 0.35-2.95. The P:O ratios for estimates using historical gummed film measurements tend to slightly overpredict more than estimates using exposure rate measurements. The deposition estimate methods, supported by the agreement between estimates and measurements, suggest that these methods can he used with confidence for other weapons testing fallout radionuclides. JF - Health Physics AU - Whitcomb, RC Jr AD - Radiation Studies Branch, Division of Environmental Hazards and Health Effects, National Center for Environmental Health, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, 1600 Clifton Rd N.E., MS E-39, Atlanta, GA 30333, USA, byw3@cdc.gov Y1 - 2002/03// PY - 2002 DA - Mar 2002 SP - 304 EP - 315 VL - 82 IS - 3 SN - 0017-9078, 0017-9078 KW - ASFA 3: Aquatic Pollution & Environmental Quality; Health & Safety Science Abstracts; Pollution Abstracts KW - Q5 01503:Characteristics, behavior and fate KW - H 8000:Radiation Safety/Electrical Safety KW - P 8000:RADIATION UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/18561578?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aasfaaquaticpollution&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Health+Physics&rft.atitle=Reconstruction+and+analysis+of+super%28137%29Cs+fallout+deposition+patterns+in+the+Marshall+Islands&rft.au=Whitcomb%2C+RC+Jr&rft.aulast=Whitcomb&rft.aufirst=RC&rft.date=2002-03-01&rft.volume=82&rft.issue=3&rft.spage=304&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Health+Physics&rft.issn=00179078&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Recreational injury and its relation to socioeconomic status among school aged children in the US AN - 18499856; 5463041 AB - Objectives: This study described epidemiologic patterns of recreational injuries among school aged children in the US and assessed the relation of these patterns to socioeconomic status. Methods: Combined data from the 1997-98 National Health Interview Surveys for 38 458 children aged 6-17 years regarding non-fatal recreational injury episodes that received medical attention, reported by a household adult, were analysed. Logistic regression analysis was used to assess the association between recreational injury and socioeconomic status while controlling for confounding factors. Results: The annualized rate of recreational injury was 91.2 episodes per 1000 children, with an increased risk associated with a higher family income status or being non-Hispanic white. For children from not poor families, most injury episodes occurred in sport facilities, whereas for children from poor and near poor families, most occurred outside the home. Conclusion: Recreational injury is a significant health problem for school aged children in the US. Non-Hispanic white children and children from affluent families are at increased risk of recreational injury. JF - Injury Prevention AU - Ni, H AU - Barnes, P AU - Hardy, A M AD - Division of Health Interview Statistics, National Center for Health Statistics/CDC, 6525 Belcrest Road, Hyattsville, MD 20782, USA, hni@cdc.gov Y1 - 2002/03// PY - 2002 DA - Mar 2002 SP - 60 EP - 65 VL - 8 IS - 1 SN - 1353-8047, 1353-8047 KW - Health & Safety Science Abstracts; Physical Education Index KW - H 11000:Diseases/Injuries/Trauma KW - PE 120:Sport: Psychology, Sociology & History UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/18499856?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aphysicaleducation&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Injury+Prevention&rft.atitle=Recreational+injury+and+its+relation+to+socioeconomic+status+among+school+aged+children+in+the+US&rft.au=Ni%2C+H%3BBarnes%2C+P%3BHardy%2C+A+M&rft.aulast=Ni&rft.aufirst=H&rft.date=2002-03-01&rft.volume=8&rft.issue=1&rft.spage=60&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Injury+Prevention&rft.issn=13538047&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - Physical Education Index; ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Opsonophagocytosis of Fluorescent Polystyrene Beads Coupled to Neisseria meningitidis Serogroup A, C, Y, or W135 Polysaccharide Correlates with Serum Bactericidal Activity AN - 18477262; 5439528 AB - We developed a polysaccharide-specific flow cytometric opsonophagocytic assay (OPA) for the simultaneous measurement of functional antibody to Neisseria meningitidis serogroups A, C, Y, and W135. OPA titers significantly correlated with serum bactericidal assay titers for all serogroups tested (mean r = 0.96; P < 0.001). OPA could be used in meningococcal vaccine evaluation. JF - Clinical and Diagnostic Laboratory Immunology AU - Martinez, J AU - Pilishvili, T AU - Barnard, S AU - Caba, J AU - Spear, W AU - Romero-Steiner, S AU - Carlone, G M AD - Mailstop A-36 Respiratory Diseases Immunology Section, Division of Bacterial and Mycotic Diseases, National Center for Infectious Diseases, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA 30333, jmartinez@cdc.gov Y1 - 2002/03// PY - 2002 DA - Mar 2002 SP - 485 EP - 488 VL - 9 IS - 2 SN - 1071-412X, 1071-412X KW - Immunology Abstracts; Microbiology Abstracts B: Bacteriology KW - F 06713:Physicochemical methods KW - J 02704:Enumeration UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/18477262?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologyb&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Clinical+and+Diagnostic+Laboratory+Immunology&rft.atitle=Opsonophagocytosis+of+Fluorescent+Polystyrene+Beads+Coupled+to+Neisseria+meningitidis+Serogroup+A%2C+C%2C+Y%2C+or+W135+Polysaccharide+Correlates+with+Serum+Bactericidal+Activity&rft.au=Martinez%2C+J%3BPilishvili%2C+T%3BBarnard%2C+S%3BCaba%2C+J%3BSpear%2C+W%3BRomero-Steiner%2C+S%3BCarlone%2C+G+M&rft.aulast=Martinez&rft.aufirst=J&rft.date=2002-03-01&rft.volume=9&rft.issue=2&rft.spage=485&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Clinical+and+Diagnostic+Laboratory+Immunology&rft.issn=1071412X&rft_id=info:doi/10.1128%2FCDLI.9.2.485-488.2002 LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/CDLI.9.2.485-488.2002 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Newly Characterized Species-Specific Immunogenic Chlamydophila pneumoniae Peptide Reactive with Murine Monoclonal and Human Serum Antibodies AN - 18473319; 5439547 AB - A monoclonal antibody (MAb) directed against an unknown Chlamydophila pneumoniae epitope has been characterized, and the respective peptide mimotope has been identified. A murine MAb specific for C. pneumoniae was used to select peptides from phage display libraries. The peptides identified from the phage display library clones reacted specifically with the respective target murine MAb and with human sera previously identified as having antibody titers to C. pneumoniae. The selected peptide mimotope sequences tended to be composed of charged residues surrounding a core of hydrophobic residues. The peptide with the best binding could inhibit >95% of binding to the MAb, suggesting that the selected peptide binds the paratope of the respective MAb. The peptide reacted with human sera previously determined by microimmunofluorescence to have anti-C. pneumoniae antibodies. The peptide was competitively competed with the MAb against Renografin-purified, sonicated C. pneumoniae in an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay and with whole-cell C. pneumoniae in an indirect fluorescence assay format, demonstrating its potential utility in the development of diagnostics. The use of this novel peptide may allow investigators to establish standardized assays free from cross-reactive Chlamydia trachomatis and Chlamydophila psittaci epitopes and immunoreactivity. JF - Clinical and Diagnostic Laboratory Immunology AU - Marston, EL AU - James, A V AU - Parker, J T AU - Hart, J C AU - Brown, T M AU - Messmer, TO AU - Jue, D L AU - Black, C M AU - Carlone, G M AU - Ades, E W AU - Sampson, J AD - Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, 1600 Clifton Rd., Mailstop G-05, Atlanta, GA 30333, EMARSTON@CDC.GOV Y1 - 2002/03// PY - 2002 DA - Mar 2002 SP - 446 EP - 452 VL - 9 IS - 2 SN - 1071-412X, 1071-412X KW - Immunology Abstracts; Microbiology Abstracts B: Bacteriology KW - J 02831:Techniques and reagents KW - F 06711:Monoclonal antibodies, hybridomas, antigens and antisera UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/18473319?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologyb&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Clinical+and+Diagnostic+Laboratory+Immunology&rft.atitle=Newly+Characterized+Species-Specific+Immunogenic+Chlamydophila+pneumoniae+Peptide+Reactive+with+Murine+Monoclonal+and+Human+Serum+Antibodies&rft.au=Marston%2C+EL%3BJames%2C+A+V%3BParker%2C+J+T%3BHart%2C+J+C%3BBrown%2C+T+M%3BMessmer%2C+TO%3BJue%2C+D+L%3BBlack%2C+C+M%3BCarlone%2C+G+M%3BAdes%2C+E+W%3BSampson%2C+J&rft.aulast=Marston&rft.aufirst=EL&rft.date=2002-03-01&rft.volume=9&rft.issue=2&rft.spage=446&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Clinical+and+Diagnostic+Laboratory+Immunology&rft.issn=1071412X&rft_id=info:doi/10.1128%2FCDLI.9.2.446-452.2002 LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/CDLI.9.2.446-452.2002 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Predictors of Lower Extremity Injury Among Recreationally Active Adults AN - 18328145; 5378903 AB - Objective: To identify gender-specific predictors of lower extremity injury among a sample of adults engaging in running, walking, or jogging (RWJ) for exercise. Design: Prospective cohort study. Setting: Cooper Clinic Preventive Medicine Center, Dallas, Texas. Participants: Participants were 2,481 men and 609 women who underwent a physical examination between 1970 and 1981 and returned a follow-up survey in 1986. Predictor variables measured at baseline included height, weight, and cardiorespiratory fitness. At follow-up, participants recalled information about musculoskeletal injuries, physical activity levels, and other predictors for lower extremity injury over two time periods, 5 years and 12 months. Main Outcome Measures: An injury was defined as any self-reported lower extremity injury that required a consultation with a physician. Cox proportional hazards regression (HR) was used to predict the probability of lower extremity injury for the 5-year recall period, and unconditional logistic regression was used for the 12-month recall period. Results: Among men, previous lower extremity injury was the strongest predictor of lower extremity injury (HR = 1.93-2.09), regardless of recall period. Among women, RWJ mileage >20 miles/wk was the strongest predictor for the 5-year period (HR = 2.08), and previous lower extremity injury was the strongest predictor for the 12-month period (HR = 2.81). Conclusions: For healthy adults, walking at a brisk pace for 10-20 miles per week accumulates adequate moderate-intensity physical activity to meet national recommendations while minimizing the risk for musculoskeletal lower extremity injury. Clinicians may use this information to provide appropriate injury prevention counseling to their active patients. JF - Clinical Journal of Sport Medicine AU - Hootman, J M AU - Macera, CA AU - Ainsworth, B E AU - Martin, M AU - Addy, CL AU - Blair, S N AD - National Center for Chronic Disease Prevention and Health Promotion, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia, USA Y1 - 2002/03// PY - 2002 DA - Mar 2002 SP - 99 EP - 106 VL - 12 IS - 2 SN - 1050-642X, 1050-642X KW - lower extremities KW - musculoskeletal system KW - physical training KW - Health & Safety Science Abstracts; Physical Education Index KW - sports related injuries KW - Recreational sports KW - Running KW - Athletic injuries KW - Running (effects) KW - Walking KW - Legs KW - Exercise (programs) KW - H 11000:Diseases/Injuries/Trauma KW - PE 090:Sports Medicine & Exercise Sport Science UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/18328145?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aphysicaleducation&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Clinical+Journal+of+Sport+Medicine&rft.atitle=Predictors+of+Lower+Extremity+Injury+Among+Recreationally+Active+Adults&rft.au=Hootman%2C+J+M%3BMacera%2C+CA%3BAinsworth%2C+B+E%3BMartin%2C+M%3BAddy%2C+CL%3BBlair%2C+S+N&rft.aulast=Hootman&rft.aufirst=J&rft.date=2002-03-01&rft.volume=12&rft.issue=2&rft.spage=99&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Clinical+Journal+of+Sport+Medicine&rft.issn=1050642X&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - Physical Education Index; ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Legs; Athletic injuries; Recreational sports; Exercise (programs); Running; Walking; Running (effects); sports related injuries ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Reproducibility of Bordetella pertussis Genomic DNA Fragments Generated by XbaI Restriction and Resolved by Pulsed-Field Gel Electrophoresis AN - 18301114; 5339695 AB - The intra- and interlaboratory variabilities of the molecular size measurements of each DNA fragment contributing to three pulsed-field gel electrophoresis (PFGE) profiles were assessed, as were the reproducibilities of the entire PFGE profiles for three Bordetella pertussis strains. The major source of variability within a laboratory occurred between subcultures rather than within gels or between gels. Each PFGE profile was generated reproducibly and was objectively defined by the molecular sizes of its composite fragments. A strain or profile most suitable for use as an internal reference standard was identified. JF - Journal of Clinical Microbiology AU - Hardwick, TH AU - Plikaytis, B AU - Cassiday, P K AU - Cage, G AU - Peppler AU - Shea, D AU - Boxrud, D AU - Sanden, G N AD - Division of Bacterial and Mycotic Diseases, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Mailstop D-11, 1600 Clifton Rd., Atlanta, GA 30333., gns1@cdc.gov Y1 - 2002/03// PY - 2002 DA - Mar 2002 SP - 811 EP - 816 PB - American Society for Microbiology VL - 40 IS - 3 SN - 0095-1137, 0095-1137 KW - Microbiology Abstracts B: Bacteriology KW - Genetic variance KW - Bordetella pertussis KW - Molecular weight KW - Restriction endonuclease mapping KW - J 02725:DNA UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/18301114?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologyb&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Clinical+Microbiology&rft.atitle=Reproducibility+of+Bordetella+pertussis+Genomic+DNA+Fragments+Generated+by+XbaI+Restriction+and+Resolved+by+Pulsed-Field+Gel+Electrophoresis&rft.au=Hardwick%2C+TH%3BPlikaytis%2C+B%3BCassiday%2C+P+K%3BCage%2C+G%3BPeppler%3BShea%2C+D%3BBoxrud%2C+D%3BSanden%2C+G+N&rft.aulast=Hardwick&rft.aufirst=TH&rft.date=2002-03-01&rft.volume=40&rft.issue=3&rft.spage=811&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+Clinical+Microbiology&rft.issn=00951137&rft_id=info:doi/10.1128%2FJCM.40.3.811-816.2002 LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Bordetella pertussis; Restriction endonuclease mapping; Molecular weight; Genetic variance DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/JCM.40.3.811-816.2002 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Community-based exposure estimate for hydrogen sulfide AN - 16149482; 5627206 AB - Indoor and outdoor air pollution monitoring may indicate potential human exposure to air contaminants. Individual and population exposures to air contaminants depend upon many factors including time spent outdoors and indoors, permeability of housing structures, and mobility within a community. In this report, we illustrate an approach for using long-term air monitoring to establish patterns or changes of environmental exposures, improve validity and representativeness of data, and prevent exposure misclassification. Long-term air monitoring for hydrogen sulfide (H sub(2)S) at 14 Dakota City, Nebraska, residences identified differences in area-wide concentration levels, geographic locations, and seasonal exposures. Air data for 1999 indicated that Dakota City residents were repeatedly exposed, both indoors and outdoors, to moderate levels ( greater than or equal to 90 parts per billion [ppb]) of H sub(2)S. Using GIS modeling and kriging, we produced a geographic gradient of exposure estimate or map for ambient H sub(2)S. These findings formed the basis for designing two health investigations for this community. JF - Journal of Exposure Analysis and Environmental Epidemiology AU - Inserra, S AU - Phifer, B AU - Pierson, R AU - Campagna, D AD - Agency for Toxic Substances and Disease Registry, Health Investigations Branch, 1600 Clifton Road, NE, MS E-31, Atlanta, GA 30333, USA, sai0@cdc.gov Y1 - 2002/03// PY - 2002 DA - Mar 2002 SP - 124 EP - 129 VL - 12 IS - 2 SN - 1053-4245, 1053-4245 KW - Pollution Abstracts; Health & Safety Science Abstracts KW - Pollution monitoring KW - USA, Nebraska, Dakota City KW - Environmental health KW - Geographic information systems KW - Hydrogen sulfide KW - Air pollution measurements KW - H 3000:Environment and Ecology KW - P 0000:AIR POLLUTION KW - H 12000:Epidemiology and Public Health UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16149482?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Apollution&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Exposure+Analysis+and+Environmental+Epidemiology&rft.atitle=Community-based+exposure+estimate+for+hydrogen+sulfide&rft.au=Inserra%2C+S%3BPhifer%2C+B%3BPierson%2C+R%3BCampagna%2C+D&rft.aulast=Inserra&rft.aufirst=S&rft.date=2002-03-01&rft.volume=12&rft.issue=2&rft.spage=124&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+Exposure+Analysis+and+Environmental+Epidemiology&rft.issn=10534245&rft_id=info:doi/10.1038%2Fsj%2Fjea%2F7500207 LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2003-07-01 N1 - Last updated - 2015-03-24 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Pollution monitoring; Environmental health; Geographic information systems; Hydrogen sulfide; Air pollution measurements; USA, Nebraska, Dakota City DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/sj/jea/7500207 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Phthalate Monoesters Levels in the Urine of Young Children AN - 1439231814; 18619569 AB - Abstract not Available JF - Bulletin of Environmental Contamination and Toxicology AU - Brock, J W AU - Caudill, S P AU - Silva, MJ AU - Needham, L L AU - Hilborn, ED AD - Division of Laboratory Sciences, National Center for Environmental Health (NCEH), Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), 4770 Buford Highway NE Mailstop F-17, Atlanta, GA 30341, USA, US Y1 - 2002/03// PY - 2002 DA - Mar 2002 SP - 309 EP - 314 PB - Springer Science+Business Media, Van Godewijckstraat 30 Dordrecht 3311 GX Netherlands VL - 68 IS - 3 SN - 0007-4861, 0007-4861 KW - Pollution Abstracts; Health & Safety Science Abstracts; Environment Abstracts; Toxicology Abstracts KW - Children KW - Phthalic acid KW - H 14000:Toxicology KW - X:24360 KW - ENA 02:Toxicology & ENAironmental Safety KW - P 6000:TOXICOLOGY AND HEALTH UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/1439231814?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxicologyabstracts&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Bulletin+of+Environmental+Contamination+and+Toxicology&rft.atitle=Phthalate+Monoesters+Levels+in+the+Urine+of+Young+Children&rft.au=Brock%2C+J+W%3BCaudill%2C+S+P%3BSilva%2C+MJ%3BNeedham%2C+L+L%3BHilborn%2C+ED&rft.aulast=Brock&rft.aufirst=J&rft.date=2002-03-01&rft.volume=68&rft.issue=3&rft.spage=309&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Bulletin+of+Environmental+Contamination+and+Toxicology&rft.issn=00074861&rft_id=info:doi/10.1007%2Fs001280255 LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2013-10-01 N1 - Last updated - 2014-02-21 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Phthalic acid; Children DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s001280255 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Evaluation of Investigations Conducted to Detect and Prevent Transmission of Tuberculosis AN - 18414362; 5394984 AB - Context Contact investigations are routinely conducted by health departments throughout the United States for all cases of active pulmonary tuberculosis (TB) to identify secondary cases of active TB and latent TB infection and to initiate therapy as needed in these contacts. Little is known about the actual procedures followed, or the results. Objectives To evaluate contact investigations conducted by US health departments and the outcomes of these investigations. Design, Setting, and Subjects Review of health department records for all contacts of 349 patients with culture-positive pulmonary TB aged 15 years or older reported from 5 study areas in the United States during 1996. Main Outcome Measures Number of contacts identified, fully screened, and infected per TB patient; rates of TB infection and disease among contacts of TB patients; and type and completeness of data collected during contact investigations. Results A total of 3824 contacts were identified for 349 patients with active pulmonary TB. Of the TB patients, 45 (13%) had no contacts identified. Of the contacts, 55% completed screening, 27% had an initial but no postexposure tuberculin skin test, 12% were not screened, and 6% had a history of prior TB or prior positive tuberculin skin test. Of 2095 contacts who completed screening, 68% had negative skin test results, 24% had initial positive results with no prior test result available, 7% had documented skin test conversions, and 1% had active TB at the time of investigation. Close contacts younger than 15 years (76% screened vs 65% for older age groups; P<.001) or exposed to a TB patient with a positive smear (74% screened vs 59% for those with a negative smear; P<.001) were more likely to be fully screened. Close contacts exposed to TB patients with both a positive smear and a cavitary chest radiograph were more likely to have TB infection or disease (62% vs 33% for positive smear only vs 44% for cavitary radiograph only vs 37% for neither characteristic; P<.001). A number of factors associated with TB patient infectiousness, contact susceptibility to infection, contact risk of progression to active TB, and amount of contact exposure to the TB patient were not routinely recorded in health department records. Conclusions Improvement is needed in the complex, multistep process of contact investigations to ensure that contacts of patients with active pulmonary TB are identified and appropriately screened. JF - Journal of the American Medical Association AU - Reichler, M R AU - Reves, R AU - Bur, S AU - Thompson, V AU - Mangura, B T AU - Ford, J AU - Valway, SE AU - Onorato, I M AD - Mailstop E-10, DTBE, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, 1600 Clifton Rd, Atlanta, GA 30333, USA, mrr3@cdc.gov Y1 - 2002/02/27/ PY - 2002 DA - 2002 Feb 27 SP - 991 EP - 995 VL - 287 IS - 8 SN - 0098-7484, 0098-7484 KW - man KW - Microbiology Abstracts B: Bacteriology KW - J 02845:Ear, nose and respiratory tract UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/18414362?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologyb&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+the+American+Medical+Association&rft.atitle=Evaluation+of+Investigations+Conducted+to+Detect+and+Prevent+Transmission+of+Tuberculosis&rft.au=Reichler%2C+M+R%3BReves%2C+R%3BBur%2C+S%3BThompson%2C+V%3BMangura%2C+B+T%3BFord%2C+J%3BValway%2C+SE%3BOnorato%2C+I+M&rft.aulast=Reichler&rft.aufirst=M&rft.date=2002-02-27&rft.volume=287&rft.issue=8&rft.spage=991&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+the+American+Medical+Association&rft.issn=00987484&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Laboratory-acquired meningococcal disease--United States, 2000. AN - 71534618; 11905480 AB - Neisseria meningitidis is a leading cause of bacterial meningitis and sepsis among older children and young adults in the United States. N. meningitidis usually is transmitted through close contact with aerosols or secretions from the human nasopharynx. Although N. meningitidis is regularly isolated in clinical laboratories, it has infrequently been reported as a cause of laboratory-acquired infection. This report describes two probable cases of fatal laboratory-acquired meningococcal disease and the results of an inquiry to identify previously unreported cases. The findings indicate that N. meningitidis isolates pose a risk for microbiologists and should be handled in a manner that minimizes risk for exposure to aerosols or droplets. JF - MMWR. Morbidity and mortality weekly report AU - Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) AD - Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) Y1 - 2002/02/22/ PY - 2002 DA - 2002 Feb 22 SP - 141 EP - 144 VL - 51 IS - 7 SN - 0149-2195, 0149-2195 KW - Index Medicus KW - Fatal Outcome KW - Sepsis KW - Humans KW - Adult KW - Middle Aged KW - United States -- epidemiology KW - Male KW - Neisseria meningitidis -- isolation & purification KW - Laboratories KW - Microbiology KW - Meningococcal Infections -- diagnosis KW - Occupational Exposure -- adverse effects KW - Meningococcal Infections -- etiology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/71534618?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=MMWR.+Morbidity+and+mortality+weekly+report&rft.atitle=Laboratory-acquired+meningococcal+disease--United+States%2C+2000.&rft.au=Centers+for+Disease+Control+and+Prevention+%28CDC%29&rft.aulast=Centers+for+Disease+Control+and+Prevention+%28CDC%29&rft.aufirst=&rft.date=2002-02-22&rft.volume=51&rft.issue=7&rft.spage=141&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=MMWR.+Morbidity+and+mortality+weekly+report&rft.issn=01492195&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 2002-03-26 N1 - Date created - 2002-03-21 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Oncogenic potential of mouse translation elongation factor-1 delta, a novel cadmium-responsive proto-oncogene. AN - 71456754; 11711542 AB - The molecular mechanisms potentially responsible for cadmium-induced cell transformation and tumorigenesis were investigated using Balb/c-3T3 cells transformed with cadmium chloride. Differential display analysis of gene expression revealed consistent and reproducible overexpression of a transcript in the transformed cells compared with the nontransformed cells. The full-length cDNA corresponding to the differentially expressed transcript was cloned and was identified as mouse translation elongation factor-1 delta subunit (TEF-1 delta; GenBank accession number ). Nucleotide sequence analysis of TEF-1 delta cDNA revealed an open reading frame encoding the predicted protein of 281 amino acids and exhibited significant conservation with the corresponding protein of human, Xenopus laevis, and Artemia. The presence of a leucine zipper motif, characteristic of translation elongation factor-1 delta, was also found in the mouse TEF-1 delta. A 31-kDa protein was detected in eukaryotic cells transfected with an expression vector containing the TEF-1 delta cDNA. Overexpression of the TEF-1 delta protein by transfection was oncogenic in NIH3T3 cells as evidenced by the appearance of transformed foci exhibiting anchorage-independent growth and the potential to grow as tumors in nude mice. Blocking the translation of TEF-1 delta with antisense TEF-1 delta mRNA resulted in a significant reversal of the oncogenic potential of cadmium-transformed Balb/c-3T3 cells as evidenced from suppression in anchorage-independent growth and tumorigenesis in nude mice. Our findings demonstrate, for the first time, that the cell transformation and tumorigenesis induced by cadmium are due, at least in part, to the overexpression of TEF-1 delta, a novel cadmium-responsive proto-oncogene. JF - The Journal of biological chemistry AU - Joseph, Pius AU - Lei, Yi-Xiong AU - Whong, Wen-Zong AU - Ong, Tong-Man AD - Molecular Epidemiology Laboratory, Toxicology and Molecular Biology Branch, National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, Morgantown, West Virginia 26505, USA. pcj5@cdc.gov Y1 - 2002/02/22/ PY - 2002 DA - 2002 Feb 22 SP - 6131 EP - 6136 VL - 277 IS - 8 SN - 0021-9258, 0021-9258 KW - DNA, Complementary KW - 0 KW - Peptide Elongation Factor 1 KW - RNA, Messenger KW - Cadmium KW - 00BH33GNGH KW - Index Medicus KW - 3T3 Cells KW - Animals KW - DNA, Complementary -- genetics KW - Humans KW - Neoplasms, Experimental -- genetics KW - Open Reading Frames KW - Transcription, Genetic KW - Amino Acid Sequence KW - Mice KW - Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction KW - RNA, Messenger -- genetics KW - Sequence Alignment KW - Transfection KW - Molecular Sequence Data KW - Xenopus KW - CHO Cells KW - Cell Line, Transformed KW - Sequence Homology, Amino Acid KW - Cricetinae KW - Cadmium -- toxicity KW - Gene Expression Regulation KW - Proto-Oncogenes -- drug effects KW - Peptide Elongation Factor 1 -- genetics KW - Cell Transformation, Neoplastic UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/71456754?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Journal+of+biological+chemistry&rft.atitle=Oncogenic+potential+of+mouse+translation+elongation+factor-1+delta%2C+a+novel+cadmium-responsive+proto-oncogene.&rft.au=Joseph%2C+Pius%3BLei%2C+Yi-Xiong%3BWhong%2C+Wen-Zong%3BOng%2C+Tong-Man&rft.aulast=Joseph&rft.aufirst=Pius&rft.date=2002-02-22&rft.volume=277&rft.issue=8&rft.spage=6131&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=The+Journal+of+biological+chemistry&rft.issn=00219258&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 2002-04-24 N1 - Date created - 2002-02-18 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Genetic sequence - AF304351; GENBANK N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Adverse event reports following vaccination for Lyme disease: December 1998-July 2000 AN - 18377047; 5363937 AB - The vaccine adverse event reporting system (VAERS) monitors vaccine safety post-licensure. Although events reported to VAERS are not necessarily causally associated with vaccination, VAERS reports can be used to identify possible safety concerns that occur at too low a rate to have been identified prior to licensure. We evaluated adverse events following Lyme disease vaccination reported to VAERS during the first 19 months of the vaccine's licensure. Analysis of all VAERS reports of adverse events following vaccination for Lyme disease in the US from 28 December 1998 to 31 July 2000. We evaluated reported adverse events for unexpected patterns in age, gender, time to onset, dose number, and clinical characteristics and compared them to adverse events observed in clinical trials of this vaccine. Over 1,400,000 doses were distributed and 905 adverse events were reported to VAERS, 440 in men and 404 in women, with ages ranging from 10 to 82 years. The majority (56%) of adverse events occurred after administration of the first dose. The most frequently reported adverse events were arthralgia (250), myalgia (195), and pain (157). There were 59 reports coded as arthritis, 34 as arthrosis, 9 as rheumatoid arthritis, and 12 as facial paralysis. Sixty-six (7.4%) events were classified as serious, involving life-threatening illness, hospitalization, prolongation of hospitalization, persistent or significant disability/incapacity, or death. Twenty-two hypersensitivity reactions were reported. Based on reporting to VAERS, we did not detect unexpected or unusual patterns of reported adverse events following Lyme disease vaccine administration, other than hypersensitivity reactions, compared with adverse events observed in clinical trials. JF - Vaccine AU - Lathrop, S L AU - Ball, R AU - Haber, P AU - Mootrey, G T AU - Braun, M M AU - Shadomy, S V AU - Ellenberg, S S AU - Chen, R T AU - Hayes, E B AD - Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Division of Vector-Borne Infectious Diseases, Fort Collins, CO 80522, USA, ebh2@cdc.gov Y1 - 2002/02/22/ PY - 2002 DA - 2002 Feb 22 SP - 1603 EP - 1608 VL - 20 IS - 11-12 SN - 0264-410X, 0264-410X KW - Lyme disease KW - clinical trials KW - hypersensitivity KW - man KW - vaccines KW - Microbiology Abstracts B: Bacteriology; Health & Safety Science Abstracts; Immunology Abstracts KW - J 02834:Vaccination and immunization KW - F 06807:Active immunization KW - H 4000:Food and Drugs UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/18377047?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologyb&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Vaccine&rft.atitle=Adverse+event+reports+following+vaccination+for+Lyme+disease%3A+December+1998-July+2000&rft.au=Lathrop%2C+S+L%3BBall%2C+R%3BHaber%2C+P%3BMootrey%2C+G+T%3BBraun%2C+M+M%3BShadomy%2C+S+V%3BEllenberg%2C+S+S%3BChen%2C+R+T%3BHayes%2C+E+B&rft.aulast=Lathrop&rft.aufirst=S&rft.date=2002-02-22&rft.volume=20&rft.issue=11-12&rft.spage=1603&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Vaccine&rft.issn=0264410X&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Arsenite-induced Cdc25C degradation is through the KEN-box and ubiquitin-proteasome pathway AN - 18259600; 5321869 AB - Arsenite is a known human carcinogen that induces tumorigenesis through either a genotoxic or an epigenetic mechanism. In this study, the effect of arsenite on cell cycle regulation and the mechanisms that contribute to this effect were investigated. Treatment of the cells with arsenite suppressed cell proliferation and reduced cell viability in a dose- or time-dependent manner. Analysis of cell cycle profile and cell cycle regulatory proteins indicated that arsenite arrested the cell cycle at G sub(2)/M phase, partially through induction of cell division cycle 25 (Cdc25) isoform C (Cdc25C) degradation via ubiquitin-proteasome pathways. Mutation of the putative KEN box within the region 151 to 157 super( )of human Cdc25C or treatment of the cells with a peptide competitor encompassing the KEN box partially inhibited arsenite-induced ubiquitination of Cdc25C. Thus, these results indicate that the regulated ubiquitination of Cdc25C may be involved in the arsenite-induced proteolytic down-regulation of Cdc25C activity in the G sub(2)/M phase of the cell cycle and suggest a link between cell cycle and the carcinogenic effects of arsenite. JF - Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, USA AU - Chen, F AU - Zhang, Z AU - Bower, J AU - Lu, Y AU - Leonard, S S AU - Ding, M AU - Castranova, V AU - Piwnica-Worms, H AU - Shi, X AD - Health Effects Laboratory Division, National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, 1095 Willowdale Road, Morgantown, WV 26505, USA, lfd3@cdc.gov Y1 - 2002/02/19/ PY - 2002 DA - 2002 Feb 19 SP - 1990 EP - 1995 VL - 99 IS - 4 SN - 0027-8424, 0027-8424 KW - cell lines KW - Cdc25C protein KW - Toxicology Abstracts KW - Proteolysis KW - Cell cycle KW - Arsenite KW - Carcinogens KW - Cell proliferation KW - X 24165:Biochemistry UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/18259600?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxicologyabstracts&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Proceedings+of+the+National+Academy+of+Sciences%2C+USA&rft.atitle=Arsenite-induced+Cdc25C+degradation+is+through+the+KEN-box+and+ubiquitin-proteasome+pathway&rft.au=Chen%2C+F%3BZhang%2C+Z%3BBower%2C+J%3BLu%2C+Y%3BLeonard%2C+S+S%3BDing%2C+M%3BCastranova%2C+V%3BPiwnica-Worms%2C+H%3BShi%2C+X&rft.aulast=Chen&rft.aufirst=F&rft.date=2002-02-19&rft.volume=99&rft.issue=4&rft.spage=1990&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Proceedings+of+the+National+Academy+of+Sciences%2C+USA&rft.issn=00278424&rft_id=info:doi/10.1073%2Fpnas.032428899 LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Carcinogens; Arsenite; Proteolysis; Cell cycle; Cell proliferation DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1073/pnas.032428899 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Barriers to dietary control among pregnant women with phenylketonuria--United States, 1998-2000. AN - 71517052; 11898925 AB - Newborns in the United States are screened for phenylketonuria (PKU), a metabolic disorder that when left untreated is characterized by elevated blood phenylalanine (phe) levels and severe mental retardation (MR). An estimated 3,000-4,000 U.S.-born women of reproductive age with PKU have not gotten severe MR because as newborns their diets were severely restricted in the intake of protein-containing foods and were supplemented with medical foods (e.g., amino acid-modified formula and modified low-protein foods). When women with PKU do not adhere to their diet before and during pregnancy, infants born to them have a 93% risk for MR and a 72% risk for microcephaly. These risks result from the toxic effects of high maternal blood phe levels during pregnancy, not because the infant has PKU. The restricted diet, which should be maintained for life, often is discontinued during adolescence. This report describes the pregnancies of three women with PKU and underscores the importance of overcoming the barriers to maintaining the recommended dietary control of blood phe levels before and during pregnancy. For maternal PKU-associated MR to be prevented, studies are needed to determine effective approaches to overcoming barriers to dietary control. JF - MMWR. Morbidity and mortality weekly report AU - Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) AD - Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) Y1 - 2002/02/15/ PY - 2002 DA - 2002 Feb 15 SP - 117 EP - 120 VL - 51 IS - 6 SN - 0149-2195, 0149-2195 KW - Index Medicus KW - United States KW - Patient Compliance KW - Humans KW - Food, Formulated KW - Adult KW - Adolescent KW - Female KW - Pregnancy Outcome KW - Pregnancy KW - Phenylketonuria, Maternal -- diet therapy KW - Health Services Accessibility UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/71517052?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=MMWR.+Morbidity+and+mortality+weekly+report&rft.atitle=Barriers+to+dietary+control+among+pregnant+women+with+phenylketonuria--United+States%2C+1998-2000.&rft.au=Centers+for+Disease+Control+and+Prevention+%28CDC%29&rft.aulast=Centers+for+Disease+Control+and+Prevention+%28CDC%29&rft.aufirst=&rft.date=2002-02-15&rft.volume=51&rft.issue=6&rft.spage=117&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=MMWR.+Morbidity+and+mortality+weekly+report&rft.issn=01492195&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 2002-03-26 N1 - Date created - 2002-03-18 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Determination of alachlor and its metabolites in rat plasma and urine by liquid chromatography-electrospray ionization mass spectrometry. AN - 71490010; 11863300 AB - A method based on liquid chromatography (LC) in combination with mass spectrometry (MS) for the analysis of alachlor (ALA) and its metabolites, 2-chloro-N-[2,6-diethylphenyl]acetamide (CDEPA) and 2,6-diethylaniline (DEA), in rat plasma and urine has been developed. 13C-labeled ALA was used as the internal standard for quantitation. The analyte in plasma or urine was isolated using a Waters Oasis HLB extraction plate. The mass spectrometer was operated in the ESI MS-SIM mode with a programming procedure. The retention times for ALA, CDEPA and DEA were 1.84, 3.11 and 4.12 min, respectively. The limits of quantification (LOQ) for ALA, CDEPA and DEA were 2.3, 0.8 and 0.8 ng per injection, respectively. The linear fit of analyte to mass response had an R2 of 0.99. Reproducibility of the sample handling and LC-MS analysis had a RSD of < or = 10%. The average recoveries for these analytes in rat plasma were better than 90%. Similar results were obtained with rat urine. JF - Journal of chromatography. B, Analytical technologies in the biomedical and life sciences AU - Zang, Lun-Yi AU - Dehaven, Jean AU - Yocum, Aaron AU - Qiao, Guilin AD - Exposure Assessment Branch, Health Effects Laboratory Division, National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, Morgantown, WV 26505-2888, USA. laz7@cdc.gov Y1 - 2002/02/05/ PY - 2002 DA - 2002 Feb 05 SP - 93 EP - 101 VL - 767 IS - 1 SN - 1570-0232, 1570-0232 KW - Acetamides KW - 0 KW - Herbicides KW - alachlor KW - 24S2S61PXL KW - Index Medicus KW - Sensitivity and Specificity KW - Rats KW - Animals KW - Rats, Sprague-Dawley KW - Reproducibility of Results KW - Reference Standards KW - Male KW - Female KW - Herbicides -- urine KW - Herbicides -- blood KW - Chromatography, Liquid -- methods KW - Herbicides -- pharmacokinetics KW - Acetamides -- urine KW - Acetamides -- blood KW - Acetamides -- pharmacokinetics KW - Spectrometry, Mass, Electrospray Ionization -- methods UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/71490010?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+chromatography.+B%2C+Analytical+technologies+in+the+biomedical+and+life+sciences&rft.atitle=Determination+of+alachlor+and+its+metabolites+in+rat+plasma+and+urine+by+liquid+chromatography-electrospray+ionization+mass+spectrometry.&rft.au=Zang%2C+Lun-Yi%3BDehaven%2C+Jean%3BYocum%2C+Aaron%3BQiao%2C+Guilin&rft.aulast=Zang&rft.aufirst=Lun-Yi&rft.date=2002-02-05&rft.volume=767&rft.issue=1&rft.spage=93&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+chromatography.+B%2C+Analytical+technologies+in+the+biomedical+and+life+sciences&rft.issn=15700232&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 2002-07-31 N1 - Date created - 2002-02-26 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Traumatic injuries in agriculture. AN - 71669723; 12002374 AB - The National Coalition for Agricultural Safety and Health (NCASH) in 1988 addressed issues in agriculture and noted "a sense of urgency... arose from the recognition of the unabating epidemic of traumatic death and injury in American farming . . ." This article provides an update to the NCASH conference on traumatic injuries in agriculture, a history on how the facts and figures were arrived at for the NCASH conference, and a current report on the status of traumatic injuries in agriculture in the U.S. Fatal and nonfatal injuries are addressed along with national and regional surveillance systems. The Census of Fatal Occupational Injuries (CFOI) was used for reporting national agricultural production fatal injuries from 1992-1998 (25.8 deaths per 100,000 workers), the Traumatic Injury Surveillance of Farmers (TISF) 1993-1995 was used to report nonfatal injuries occurring nationally (7.5/100 workers), and Regional Rural Injury Studies I and II (RRIS-I and RRIS-II) were used to illustrate a regional approach along with in-depth, specific analyses. Fatality rates, which showed some decline in the 1980s, were fairly constant during the 1990s. Changes in nonfatal injury rates for this sector could not be assessed due to a lack of benchmark data. The main concerns identified in the 1989 NCASH report continue today: tractors are the leading cause of farm-related death due mostly to overturns; older farmers continue to be at the highest risk for farm fatalities; and traumatic injuries continue to be a major concern for youth living or working on U.S. farms. Fatal and nonfatal traumatic injuries associated with agricultural production are a major public health problem that needs to be addressed through comprehensive approaches that include further delineation of the problem, particularly in children and older adults, and identification of specific risk factors through analytic efforts. Continued development of relevant surveillance systems and implementation of appropriate interventions are the primary challenges for the current decade. JF - Journal of agricultural safety and health AU - Hard, D L AU - Myers, J R AU - Gerberich, S G AD - National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, Division of Safety Research, Morgantown, West Virginia 26505-2888, USA. dlh6@cdc.gov Y1 - 2002/02// PY - 2002 DA - February 2002 SP - 51 EP - 65 VL - 8 IS - 1 SN - 1074-7583, 1074-7583 KW - Index Medicus KW - Humans KW - Adult KW - Aged KW - Middle Aged KW - Congresses as Topic KW - Adolescent KW - United States -- epidemiology KW - Male KW - Female KW - Age Distribution KW - Agriculture KW - Accidents, Occupational -- prevention & control KW - Wounds and Injuries -- epidemiology KW - Wounds and Injuries -- prevention & control UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/71669723?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+agricultural+safety+and+health&rft.atitle=Traumatic+injuries+in+agriculture.&rft.au=Hard%2C+D+L%3BMyers%2C+J+R%3BGerberich%2C+S+G&rft.aulast=Hard&rft.aufirst=D&rft.date=2002-02-01&rft.volume=8&rft.issue=1&rft.spage=51&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+agricultural+safety+and+health&rft.issn=10747583&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 2002-10-10 N1 - Date created - 2002-05-10 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Static load test performance of a telescoping structure for an automatically deployable ROPS. AN - 71668137; 12002371 AB - The automatically deployable ROPS was developed as part of an innovative project to provide passive protection against overturn fatality to operators of new tractors used in both low-clearance and unrestricted-clearance tasks. The primary objective of this phase of the research was to build a telescoping structure that would prove that a ROPS can be built that will (1) reliably deploy on signal, (2) rise in a sufficiently short amount of time, (3) firmly latch in its deployed position, and (4) satisfy SAE J2194 testing requirements. The two-post structure had previously been found to meet deployment time criteria, and design analyses indicated that neither the slip-fit joint nor the latch pins would fail at test loading. Four directions of static loading were applied to the structure to satisfy SAE requirements. For the series of static loading tests, the raised structure was found to maintain a protective clearance zone after all loads were applied. The structure is overly stiff and should be redesigned to increase its ability to absorb ground-impact energy. Results of dynamic tests and field upset tests are reported in companion articles. The next phase of development is to optimize the structure so that it will plastically deform and absorb energy that would otherwise be transferred to the tractor chassis. JF - Journal of agricultural safety and health AU - Etherton, J R AU - Cutlip, R G AU - Harris, J R AU - Ronaghi, M AU - Means, K H AU - Gillispie, A AD - National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, Morgantown, West Virginia 26505, USA. jre1@cdc.gov Y1 - 2002/02// PY - 2002 DA - February 2002 SP - 119 EP - 126 VL - 8 IS - 1 SN - 1074-7583, 1074-7583 KW - Index Medicus KW - Off-Road Motor Vehicles KW - Equipment Design KW - Humans KW - Weight-Bearing KW - Accidents, Occupational -- prevention & control KW - Agriculture -- instrumentation KW - Protective Devices -- standards UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/71668137?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+agricultural+safety+and+health&rft.atitle=Static+load+test+performance+of+a+telescoping+structure+for+an+automatically+deployable+ROPS.&rft.au=Etherton%2C+J+R%3BCutlip%2C+R+G%3BHarris%2C+J+R%3BRonaghi%2C+M%3BMeans%2C+K+H%3BGillispie%2C+A&rft.aulast=Etherton&rft.aufirst=J&rft.date=2002-02-01&rft.volume=8&rft.issue=1&rft.spage=119&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+agricultural+safety+and+health&rft.issn=10747583&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 2002-10-10 N1 - Date created - 2002-05-10 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Exposure to abuse, neglect, and household dysfunction among adults who witnessed intimate partner violence as children: implications for health and social services. AN - 71660351; 11991154 AB - Intimate partner violence (IPV) damages a woman's physical and mental well-being, and indicates that her children are likely to experience abuse, neglect and other traumatic experiences. Adult HMO members completed a questionnaire about adverse childhood experiences (ACEs) including childhood abuse, neglect, and household dysfunction. We used their responses to retrospectively assess the relationship between witnessing intimate partner violence and experiencing any of the 9 ACEs and multiple ACEs (ACE score). Compared to persons who grew up with no domestic violence, the adjusted odds ratio for any individual ACE was approximately two to six times higher if IPV occurred (p < 0.05). There was a powerful graded increase in the prevalence of every category of ACE as the frequency of witnessing IPV increased. In addition, the total number of ACEs was increased dramatically for persons who had witnessed IPV during childhood. There was a positive graded risk for self-reported alcoholism, illicit drug use, i.v. drug use and depressed affect as the frequency of witnessing IPV increased. Identification of victims of IPV must include screening of their children for abuse, neglect and other types of adverse exposures, as well as recognition that substance abuse and depressed affect are likely consequences of witnessing IPV. Finally, this data strongly suggest that future studies, which focus on the effect of witnessing IPV on long-term health outcomes, may need to take into consideration the co-occurrence of multiple ACEs, which can also affect these outcomes. JF - Violence and victims AU - Dube, Shanta R AU - Anda, Robert F AU - Felitti, Vincent J AU - Edwards, Valerie J AU - Williamson, David F AD - Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, National Center for Chronic Disease Prevention and Health Promotion, Division of Adult and Community Health, Atlanta, GA 30341-3717, USA. Y1 - 2002/02// PY - 2002 DA - February 2002 SP - 3 EP - 17 VL - 17 IS - 1 SN - 0886-6708, 0886-6708 KW - Index Medicus KW - Alcoholism -- etiology KW - Humans KW - Substance-Related Disorders -- etiology KW - Health Status KW - Mental Health KW - Child KW - Substance-Related Disorders -- psychology KW - Alcoholism -- psychology KW - Depression -- etiology KW - Life Change Events KW - Risk Factors KW - Depression -- psychology KW - Adult KW - Surveys and Questionnaires KW - Middle Aged KW - Social Work KW - California -- epidemiology KW - Female KW - Male KW - Prevalence KW - Child Abuse -- psychology KW - Child Abuse -- statistics & numerical data KW - Needs Assessment -- organization & administration KW - Child of Impaired Parents -- psychology KW - Survivors -- psychology KW - Spouse Abuse -- statistics & numerical data KW - Environmental Exposure -- adverse effects KW - Family -- psychology KW - Spouse Abuse -- psychology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/71660351?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Violence+and+victims&rft.atitle=Exposure+to+abuse%2C+neglect%2C+and+household+dysfunction+among+adults+who+witnessed+intimate+partner+violence+as+children%3A+implications+for+health+and+social+services.&rft.au=Dube%2C+Shanta+R%3BAnda%2C+Robert+F%3BFelitti%2C+Vincent+J%3BEdwards%2C+Valerie+J%3BWilliamson%2C+David+F&rft.aulast=Dube&rft.aufirst=Shanta&rft.date=2002-02-01&rft.volume=17&rft.issue=1&rft.spage=3&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Violence+and+victims&rft.issn=08866708&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 2002-10-24 N1 - Date created - 2002-05-06 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Occupational exposure to magnetic fields in case-referent studies of neurodegenerative diseases. AN - 71492202; 11871851 AB - Case-referent studies of Alzheimer's disease, amyotrophic lateral sclerosis, and Parkinson's disease were conducted to explore the relationship between these neurodegenerative diseases and occupational exposure to magnetic fields. Three methods of exposure assessment were used for the comparison, and the consistency of findings between these approaches was evaluated. Separate case-referent sets were formed from among recorded deaths of males in the state of Colorado for the years 1987 through 1996. The following three methods of exposure assessment were used: a dichotomous grouping of electrical versus nonelectrical occupations, a three-tiered grouping of potential magnetic-field exposure based on a combination of job title and industry, and categories of exposure based on the means of the magnetic fields estimated from a job-exposure matrix. A positive association was observed for Parkinson's disease with all the methods of magnetic-field exposure assessment, the odds ratio (OR) for the highest category in the job-exposure matrix being 1.50 [95% confidence interval (95% CI) 1.02-2.19]. Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis was associated with a history of electrical occupations (OR 2.30, 95% CI 1.29-4.09) but not with magnetic-field exposure as estimated by the job-exposure matrix. No consistent associations with magnetic fields were observed for Alzheimer's disease. This study provides some support for an association between occupational magnetic-field exposure and Parkinson's disease, but the findings are novel and require replication. Associations with the other neurodegenerative diseases were inconsistent and dependent on the method of exposure assessment. JF - Scandinavian journal of work, environment & health AU - Noonan, Curtis W AU - Reif, John S AU - Yost, Michael AU - Touchstone, Jennifer AD - Department of Environmental Health, Colorado State University, United States. cnoonan@cdc.gov Y1 - 2002/02// PY - 2002 DA - February 2002 SP - 42 EP - 48 VL - 28 IS - 1 SN - 0355-3140, 0355-3140 KW - Index Medicus KW - Odds Ratio KW - Humans KW - Aged KW - Risk Assessment KW - Parkinson Disease -- etiology KW - Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis -- epidemiology KW - Aged, 80 and over KW - Adult KW - Male KW - Reference Values KW - Age Distribution KW - Registries KW - Alzheimer Disease -- epidemiology KW - Survival Rate KW - Logistic Models KW - Risk Factors KW - Cohort Studies KW - Case-Control Studies KW - Confidence Intervals KW - Incidence KW - Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis -- etiology KW - Alzheimer Disease -- etiology KW - Middle Aged KW - United States -- epidemiology KW - Sex Distribution KW - Female KW - Parkinson Disease -- epidemiology KW - Electromagnetic Fields -- adverse effects KW - Occupational Exposure -- adverse effects KW - Neurodegenerative Diseases -- etiology KW - Neurodegenerative Diseases -- epidemiology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/71492202?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Scandinavian+journal+of+work%2C+environment+%26+health&rft.atitle=Occupational+exposure+to+magnetic+fields+in+case-referent+studies+of+neurodegenerative+diseases.&rft.au=Noonan%2C+Curtis+W%3BReif%2C+John+S%3BYost%2C+Michael%3BTouchstone%2C+Jennifer&rft.aulast=Noonan&rft.aufirst=Curtis&rft.date=2002-02-01&rft.volume=28&rft.issue=1&rft.spage=42&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Scandinavian+journal+of+work%2C+environment+%26+health&rft.issn=03553140&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 2002-08-22 N1 - Date created - 2002-03-01 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Public health consequences of mercury spills: Hazardous Substances Emergency Events Surveillance system, 1993-1998. AN - 71445064; 11836139 AB - We analyzed data from states that participated in the Hazardous Substances Emergency Events Surveillance (HSEES) system maintained by the Agency for Toxic Substances and Disease Registry to describe the public health consequences of mercury releases. From 1993 through 1998, HSEES captured 406 events in which mercury was the only substance released. Schools and universities, private residences, and health care facilities were the most frequent locations involved in mercury events, and human error was the contributing factor for most of the releases. Fourteen persons experienced adverse health effects as a result of the releases. An additional 31 persons had documented elevated levels of mercury in the blood. No fatalities resulted. Evacuations were ordered in 90 (22%) of the events, and the length of evacuation ranged from 1 hr to 46 days. Mercury spills have a significant public health impact and economic burden. Some actions that could potentially lessen the consequences of mercury spills are to switch to mercury-free alternatives, train people in the safe handling and disposal of mercury, and keep mercury securely stored when it is necessary to have it on hand. JF - Environmental health perspectives AU - Zeitz, Perri AU - Orr, Maureen F AU - Kaye, Wendy E AD - Epidemiology and Surveillance Branch, Division of Health Studies, Agency for Toxic Substances and Disease Registry, 1600 Clifton Road, MS E-31, Atlanta, GA 30333, USA. afp4@cdc.gov Y1 - 2002/02// PY - 2002 DA - February 2002 SP - 129 EP - 132 VL - 110 IS - 2 SN - 0091-6765, 0091-6765 KW - Hazardous Substances KW - 0 KW - Mercury KW - FXS1BY2PGL KW - Index Medicus KW - Health Facilities KW - Housing KW - Humans KW - Retrospective Studies KW - Child KW - Risk Assessment KW - Population Surveillance KW - Mercury Poisoning -- etiology KW - Schools KW - Adult KW - Incidence KW - Adolescent KW - Female KW - Male KW - Mercury Poisoning -- epidemiology KW - Registries KW - Public Health KW - Mercury -- adverse effects UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/71445064?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Environmental+health+perspectives&rft.atitle=Public+health+consequences+of+mercury+spills%3A+Hazardous+Substances+Emergency+Events+Surveillance+system%2C+1993-1998.&rft.au=Zeitz%2C+Perri%3BOrr%2C+Maureen+F%3BKaye%2C+Wendy+E&rft.aulast=Zeitz&rft.aufirst=Perri&rft.date=2002-02-01&rft.volume=110&rft.issue=2&rft.spage=129&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Environmental+health+perspectives&rft.issn=00916765&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 2002-03-12 N1 - Date created - 2002-02-11 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - SuppNotes - Cited By: J Public Health Manag Pract. 1999 Nov;5(6):13-7 [10662059] Regul Anal Med Waste. 1993 Sep;1(12):1, 3-4 [10132640] Med Waste Anal. 1993 Oct;2(1):6-7 [10132647] Public Health Rep. 1999 Jul-Aug;114(4):353-8 [10501136] Health Facil Manage. 1997 Dec;10(12):37-8 [10174817] Kans Med. 1998;98(3):30-1 [9604629] J Perinatol. 1997 Mar-Apr;17(2):140-2 [9134514] N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Molecular cloning and functional analysis of a novel cadmium-responsive proto-oncogene. AN - 71438865; 11830523 AB - The molecular mechanisms potentially responsible for cell transformation and tumorigenesis induced by cadmium, a human carcinogen, were investigated by differential gene expression analysis of BALB/c-3T3 cells transformed with cadmium chloride (CdCl(2)). Differential display analysis of gene expression revealed consistent overexpression of mouse translation initiation factor 3 (TIF3; GenBank accession number AF271072) in the cells transformed with CdCl(2) when compared with nontransformed cells. The predicted protein encoded by TIF3 cDNA exhibited 99% similarity to human eukaryotic initiation factor 3 p36 protein. A M(r) 36,000 protein was detected in cells transfected with an expression vector containing TIF3 cDNA. Transfection of NIH3T3 cells with an expression vector containing TIF3 cDNA resulted in overexpression of the encoded protein, and this was associated with cell transformation, as evidenced by the appearance of transformed foci exhibiting anchorage-independent growth on soft agar and tumorigenic potential in nude mice. Expression of the antisense RNA against TIF3 mRNA resulted in significant reversal of oncogenic potential of the CdCl(2)-transformed BALB/c-3T3 cells. Taken together, these findings demonstrate for the first time that the cell transformation and tumorigenesis induced by CdCl(2) are due, at least in part, to the overexpression of TIF3, a novel cadmium-responsive proto-oncogene. JF - Cancer research AU - Joseph, Pius AU - Lei, Yi-Xiong AU - Whong, Wen-Zong AU - Ong, Tong-man AD - Molecular Epidemiology Laboratory, Toxicology and Molecular Biology Branch, National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, 1095 Willowdale Road, Morgantown, WV 26505, USA. pcj5@cdc.gov Y1 - 2002/02/01/ PY - 2002 DA - 2002 Feb 01 SP - 703 EP - 707 VL - 62 IS - 3 SN - 0008-5472, 0008-5472 KW - Carcinogens KW - 0 KW - DNA, Complementary KW - Eukaryotic Initiation Factors KW - Fungal Proteins KW - Peptide Initiation Factors KW - RNA, Antisense KW - Saccharomyces cerevisiae Proteins KW - TIF3 protein, S cerevisiae KW - RNA Nucleotidyltransferases KW - EC 2.7.7.- KW - Cadmium Chloride KW - J6K4F9V3BA KW - Index Medicus KW - Animals KW - 3T3 Cells KW - Base Sequence KW - DNA, Complementary -- genetics KW - Transfection KW - Molecular Sequence Data KW - Gene Expression KW - Carcinogens -- toxicity KW - Mice KW - RNA, Antisense -- genetics KW - Mice, Inbred BALB C KW - Cell Transformation, Neoplastic -- genetics KW - Cloning, Molecular KW - RNA Nucleotidyltransferases -- biosynthesis KW - RNA Nucleotidyltransferases -- antagonists & inhibitors KW - Proto-Oncogenes -- physiology KW - Cadmium Chloride -- toxicity KW - Fungal Proteins -- biosynthesis KW - Fungal Proteins -- genetics KW - Fungal Proteins -- antagonists & inhibitors KW - RNA Nucleotidyltransferases -- genetics KW - Proto-Oncogenes -- drug effects UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/71438865?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Cancer+research&rft.atitle=Molecular+cloning+and+functional+analysis+of+a+novel+cadmium-responsive+proto-oncogene.&rft.au=Joseph%2C+Pius%3BLei%2C+Yi-Xiong%3BWhong%2C+Wen-Zong%3BOng%2C+Tong-man&rft.aulast=Joseph&rft.aufirst=Pius&rft.date=2002-02-01&rft.volume=62&rft.issue=3&rft.spage=703&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Cancer+research&rft.issn=00085472&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 2002-03-05 N1 - Date created - 2002-02-06 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Genetic sequence - AF271072; GENBANK N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Pulmonary alterations associated with inhalation of occupational and environmental irritants. AN - 71423853; 11811921 AB - Many gases, vapors, or particles found in occupational and/or environmental settings can act as irritants. In the present study, sensory irritants are characterized by the stimulation of neuropeptide release from sensory nerves in the nasal mucosa, while pulmonary irritants are characterized by recruitment of PMN into bronchoalveolar airspaces, elevation of breathing frequency, and neuropeptide release from sensory fibers innervating the epithelium of the conducting airways. A review of data from our laboratory as well as results from others indicate that asphalt fume is a sensory irritant; toluene diisocyanate (TDI), methyl isocyanate, and machining fluid act as both sensory and pulmonary irritants; while cotton dust, agricultural dusts, microbial products, leather conditioner, and ozone exhibit responses characteristic of pulmonary irritants. JF - International immunopharmacology AU - Castranova, V AU - Frazer, D G AU - Manley, L K AU - Dey, R D AD - Health Effects Laboratory Division, National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, Morgantown, WV 26505, USA. vic1@cdc.gov Y1 - 2002/02// PY - 2002 DA - February 2002 SP - 163 EP - 172 VL - 2 IS - 2-3 SN - 1567-5769, 1567-5769 KW - Irritants KW - 0 KW - Neuropeptides KW - Toluene 2,4-Diisocyanate KW - 17X7AFZ1GH KW - Index Medicus KW - Animals KW - Cell Count KW - Toluene 2,4-Diisocyanate -- administration & dosage KW - Guinea Pigs KW - Humans KW - Inflammation -- chemically induced KW - Respiration -- drug effects KW - Nasal Mucosa -- drug effects KW - Rats KW - Nasal Mucosa -- secretion KW - Rats, Sprague-Dawley KW - Neuropeptides -- secretion KW - Neurons, Afferent -- drug effects KW - Environmental Exposure -- adverse effects KW - Male KW - Neurons, Afferent -- pathology KW - Lung -- drug effects KW - Occupational Exposure -- adverse effects KW - Lung -- pathology KW - Irritants -- adverse effects KW - Inhalation Exposure -- adverse effects UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/71423853?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=International+immunopharmacology&rft.atitle=Pulmonary+alterations+associated+with+inhalation+of+occupational+and+environmental+irritants.&rft.au=Castranova%2C+V%3BFrazer%2C+D+G%3BManley%2C+L+K%3BDey%2C+R+D&rft.aulast=Castranova&rft.aufirst=V&rft.date=2002-02-01&rft.volume=2&rft.issue=2-3&rft.spage=163&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=International+immunopharmacology&rft.issn=15675769&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 2002-08-05 N1 - Date created - 2002-01-28 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Latex allergy: past and present. AN - 71421396; 11811927 AB - Although latex products have been in use for over a century, allergic responses to latex proteins have only been recognized as a serious health problem for the past 15 years. Latex allergy particularly affects two groups, health care workers (HCW) and children with spina bifida (SB). This manuscript provides a brief history of latex allergy, and a review of the following: the manufacturing process for dipped latex products, the 11 latex allergens that have been characterized and received allergen designations by the International Union of Immunological Societies, the methods used in exposure assessment, the epidemiology and clinical management of latex allergy, and the use of animal models in investigating mechanisms underlying latex allergy. JF - International immunopharmacology AU - Meade, B Jean AU - Weissman, David N AU - Beezhold, Donald H AD - National Institute of Occupational Safety and Health, Morgantown, WV 26505, USA. bhm8@cdc.gov Y1 - 2002/02// PY - 2002 DA - February 2002 SP - 225 EP - 238 VL - 2 IS - 2-3 SN - 1567-5769, 1567-5769 KW - Allergens KW - 0 KW - Latex KW - Rubber KW - 9006-04-6 KW - Index Medicus KW - Allergens -- chemistry KW - Animals KW - Gloves, Protective KW - Occupational Diseases -- immunology KW - Humans KW - Occupational Diseases -- prevention & control KW - Disease Models, Animal KW - Allergens -- classification KW - Occupational Diseases -- chemically induced KW - Rubber -- adverse effects KW - Health Personnel KW - Occupational Diseases -- epidemiology KW - Allergens -- adverse effects KW - Environmental Exposure -- prevention & control KW - Latex -- adverse effects KW - Latex Hypersensitivity -- epidemiology KW - Latex Hypersensitivity -- prevention & control KW - Latex -- chemical synthesis KW - Latex Hypersensitivity -- chemically induced KW - Latex Hypersensitivity -- immunology KW - Latex -- classification UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/71421396?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=International+immunopharmacology&rft.atitle=Latex+allergy%3A+past+and+present.&rft.au=Meade%2C+B+Jean%3BWeissman%2C+David+N%3BBeezhold%2C+Donald+H&rft.aulast=Meade&rft.aufirst=B&rft.date=2002-02-01&rft.volume=2&rft.issue=2-3&rft.spage=225&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=International+immunopharmacology&rft.issn=15675769&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 2002-08-05 N1 - Date created - 2002-01-28 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Assessment and recommendations on factors contributing to preanalytical variability of urinary pyridinoline and deoxypyridinoline. AN - 71408752; 11805003 AB - Pyridinoline (PYD) and deoxypyridinoline (DPD) are two of the most extensively characterized biochemical bone markers, but the interpretation of results is hampered by biologic and other preanalytical variability. We reviewed factors contributing to preanalytical variation of pyridinium cross-links in urine. We searched four databases for English-language reports on PYD and/or DPD in urine. Searches were restricted to humans, except for studies of stability, when the search was expanded to other species. The 599 identified articles were supplemented with references from those articles and with articles known to the authors. The mean reported within-day variability was 71% for PYD (range, 57-78%) and 67% for DPD (range, 53-75%). The mean interday variability was 16% for both DPD and PYD (range for PYD, 12-21%; range for DPD, 5-24%). The mean intersubject variabilities across studies were 26% for PYD (range, 12-63%) and 34% for DPD (range, 8-98%) for healthy premenopausal women and 36% (range, 22-61%) and 40%, (range, 27-54%) for postmenopausal women, respectively. Specimen instability and errors in creatinine measurements were additional sources of variability. Intra- and intersubject variability can be reduced by collecting specimens at a specific time of the day and by maintaining similar patient status at each specimen collection regarding factors such as medications and dietary supplements. JF - Clinical chemistry AU - Vesper, Hubert W AU - Demers, Laurence M AU - Eastell, Richard AU - Garnero, Patrick AU - Kleerekoper, Michael AU - Robins, Simon P AU - Srivastava, Apurva K AU - Warnick, G Russell AU - Watts, Nelson B AU - Myers, Gary L AD - Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA 30341-3724, USA. hav2@cdc.gov Y1 - 2002/02// PY - 2002 DA - February 2002 SP - 220 EP - 235 VL - 48 IS - 2 SN - 0009-9147, 0009-9147 KW - Amino Acids KW - 0 KW - pyridinoline KW - 63800-01-1 KW - deoxypyridinoline KW - 90032-33-0 KW - Index Medicus KW - Drug Interactions KW - Circadian Rhythm KW - Humans KW - Seasons KW - Menstrual Cycle KW - Lactation -- urine KW - Exercise KW - Diet KW - Female KW - Pregnancy KW - Amino Acids -- urine KW - Blood Specimen Collection UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/71408752?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Clinical+chemistry&rft.atitle=Assessment+and+recommendations+on+factors+contributing+to+preanalytical+variability+of+urinary+pyridinoline+and+deoxypyridinoline.&rft.au=Vesper%2C+Hubert+W%3BDemers%2C+Laurence+M%3BEastell%2C+Richard%3BGarnero%2C+Patrick%3BKleerekoper%2C+Michael%3BRobins%2C+Simon+P%3BSrivastava%2C+Apurva+K%3BWarnick%2C+G+Russell%3BWatts%2C+Nelson+B%3BMyers%2C+Gary+L&rft.aulast=Vesper&rft.aufirst=Hubert&rft.date=2002-02-01&rft.volume=48&rft.issue=2&rft.spage=220&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Clinical+chemistry&rft.issn=00099147&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 2002-03-13 N1 - Date created - 2002-01-23 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Discriminators between hantavirus-infected and -uninfected persons enrolled in a trial of intravenous ribavirin for presumptive hantavirus pulmonary syndrome. AN - 71349222; 11774075 AB - To provide a potentially therapeutic intervention and to collect clinical and laboratory data during an outbreak of hantavirus pulmonary syndrome (HPS), 140 patients from the United States with suspected HPS were enrolled for investigational intravenous ribavirin treatment. HPS was subsequently laboratory confirmed in 30 persons and not confirmed in 105 persons with adequate specimens. Patients with HPS were significantly more likely than were hantavirus-negative patients to report myalgias from onset of symptoms through hospitalization, nausea at outpatient presentation, and diarrhea and nausea at the time of hospitalization; they were significantly less likely to report respiratory symptoms early in the illness. The groups did not differ with regard to time from the onset of illness to the point at which they sought care; time from onset, hospitalization, or enrollment to death was significantly shorter for patients with HPS. At the time of hospitalization, patients with HPS more commonly had myelocytes, metamyelocytes, or promyelocytes on a peripheral blood smear, and significantly more of them had thrombocytopenia, hemoconcentration, and hypocapnia. Patterns of clinical symptoms, the pace of clinical evolution, and specific clinical laboratory parameters discriminated between these 2 groups. JF - Clinical infectious diseases : an official publication of the Infectious Diseases Society of America AU - Chapman, L E AU - Ellis, B A AU - Koster, F T AU - Sotir, M AU - Ksiazek, T G AU - Mertz, G J AU - Rollin, P E AU - Baum, K F AU - Pavia, A T AU - Christenson, J C AU - Rubin, P J AU - Jolson, H M AU - Behrman, R E AU - Khan, A S AU - Bell, L J Wilson AU - Simpson, G L AU - Hawk, J AU - Holman, R C AU - Peters, C J AU - Ribavirin Study Group AD - Hantavirus Task Force, Division of Viral and Rickettsial Diseases, National Center for Infectious Diseases, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA 30333, USA. lec3@cdc.gov ; Ribavirin Study Group Y1 - 2002/02/01/ PY - 2002 DA - 2002 Feb 01 SP - 293 EP - 304 VL - 34 IS - 3 KW - Antiviral Agents KW - 0 KW - Electrolytes KW - Ribavirin KW - 49717AWG6K KW - Index Medicus KW - Regression Analysis KW - Kidney Function Tests KW - Infusions, Intravenous KW - Humans KW - Blood Gas Analysis KW - Hantavirus KW - Prothrombin Time KW - Liver Function Tests KW - Time Factors KW - Male KW - Female KW - Platelet Count KW - Lung Diseases -- drug therapy KW - Antiviral Agents -- therapeutic use KW - Lung Diseases -- virology KW - Ribavirin -- therapeutic use KW - Antiviral Agents -- adverse effects KW - Ribavirin -- adverse effects KW - Hantavirus Infections -- drug therapy UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/71349222?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Clinical+infectious+diseases+%3A+an+official+publication+of+the+Infectious+Diseases+Society+of+America&rft.atitle=Discriminators+between+hantavirus-infected+and+-uninfected+persons+enrolled+in+a+trial+of+intravenous+ribavirin+for+presumptive+hantavirus+pulmonary+syndrome.&rft.au=Chapman%2C+L+E%3BEllis%2C+B+A%3BKoster%2C+F+T%3BSotir%2C+M%3BKsiazek%2C+T+G%3BMertz%2C+G+J%3BRollin%2C+P+E%3BBaum%2C+K+F%3BPavia%2C+A+T%3BChristenson%2C+J+C%3BRubin%2C+P+J%3BJolson%2C+H+M%3BBehrman%2C+R+E%3BKhan%2C+A+S%3BBell%2C+L+J+Wilson%3BSimpson%2C+G+L%3BHawk%2C+J%3BHolman%2C+R+C%3BPeters%2C+C+J%3BRibavirin+Study+Group&rft.aulast=Chapman&rft.aufirst=L&rft.date=2002-02-01&rft.volume=34&rft.issue=3&rft.spage=293&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Clinical+infectious+diseases+%3A+an+official+publication+of+the+Infectious+Diseases+Society+of+America&rft.issn=1537-6591&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 2002-03-01 N1 - Date created - 2002-01-04 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - The Victim-Perpetrator Overlap and Routine Activities: Results from a Cross-Sectional Study in Bogota, Colombia AN - 61510680; 200204193 AB - The overlap between the populations of victims & perpetrators, as well as the differences between victims who are perpetrators & those who are not, are explored using data from a cross-sectional survey of violence among a random sample (n = 3,007) of the general population in Bogota, Colombia. The findings show that about a third of the population have been both a victim & perpetrator of violence, whereas another third have been only victims. Victims who have not been perpetrators differ in their demographic profile & routine activities from those who have but tend to be similar to the general population. Given the large overlap between victims & perpetrators, interventions used to reduce aggression & offending might also have an impact on victimization in this population. Risk factors different from those hypothesized in the routine activities theory among victims who are not perpetrators of violence need to be explored. 2 Tables, 24 References. [Copyright 2002 Sage Publications, Inc.] JF - Journal of Interpersonal Violence AU - Klevens, Joanne AU - Duque, Luis Fernando AU - Ramirez, Clemencia AD - Centers Disease Control, National Center Injury Prevention, Prevention Development & Evaluation Branch, Atlanta, GA jklevens@cdc.gov Y1 - 2002/02// PY - 2002 DA - February 2002 SP - 206 EP - 216 VL - 17 IS - 2 SN - 0886-2605, 0886-2605 KW - Risk KW - Offenders KW - Victims KW - Bogota, Colombia KW - Violence KW - Sociodemographic Characteristics KW - article KW - 6146: crime & corrections UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/61510680?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Asocialservices&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Interpersonal+Violence&rft.atitle=The+Victim-Perpetrator+Overlap+and+Routine+Activities%3A+Results+from+a+Cross-Sectional+Study+in+Bogota%2C+Colombia&rft.au=Klevens%2C+Joanne%3BDuque%2C+Luis+Fernando%3BRamirez%2C+Clemencia&rft.aulast=Klevens&rft.aufirst=Joanne&rft.date=2002-02-01&rft.volume=17&rft.issue=2&rft.spage=206&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+Interpersonal+Violence&rft.issn=08862605&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - Social Services Abstracts N1 - Date revised - 2007-05-01 N1 - Last updated - 2016-09-28 N1 - CODEN - JIVIEI N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Victims; Offenders; Risk; Violence; Bogota, Colombia; Sociodemographic Characteristics ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Fatal Crashes among Older Drivers: Decomposition of Rates into Contributing Factors AN - 18475084; 5441458 AB - This study selected US drivers aged 55 years or older who were involved in fatal crashes in 1990 and 1995 and explored factors that influenced their fatal crash involvement rate. The fatal crash involvement rate (risk of being involved in a fatal crash) can be thought of as the product of the crash fatality rate (risk of dying given a crash), the crash incidence density (risk of crash), and the exposure prevalence (amount of driving). Fatal crash involvement rates increased with age. The relative contributions of the crash incidence densities and exposure prevalences were greater than that of the crash fatality rates. The decomposition methodology was shown to be a useful method for investigating the potential benefit of crash prevention interventions aimed at different components of the fatal crash involvement rate. JF - American Journal of Epidemiology AU - Dellinger, A M AU - Langlois, JA AU - Li, G AD - National Center for Injury Prevention and Control, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA, USA Y1 - 2002/02/01/ PY - 2002 DA - 2002 Feb 01 SP - 234 EP - 241 VL - 155 IS - 3 SN - 0002-9262, 0002-9262 KW - driving ability KW - elderly KW - traffic safety KW - Health & Safety Science Abstracts KW - H 2000:Transportation UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/18475084?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Ahealthsafetyabstracts&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=American+Journal+of+Epidemiology&rft.atitle=Fatal+Crashes+among+Older+Drivers%3A+Decomposition+of+Rates+into+Contributing+Factors&rft.au=Dellinger%2C+A+M%3BLanglois%2C+JA%3BLi%2C+G&rft.aulast=Dellinger&rft.aufirst=A&rft.date=2002-02-01&rft.volume=155&rft.issue=3&rft.spage=234&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=American+Journal+of+Epidemiology&rft.issn=00029262&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Effects of Exposure to Low Levels of Environmental Cadmium on Renal Biomarkers AN - 18398661; 5385759 AB - We conducted a study among residents of a small community contaminated with heavy metals from a defunct zinc smelter and residents from a comparison community to determine whether biologic measures of cadmium exposure were associated with biomarkers of early kidney damage. Creatinine-adjusted urinary cadmium levels did not differ between the smelter and comparison communities; thus we combined individuals from both communities (n = 361) for further analyses. The overall mean urinary cadmium level was low, 0.26 mu g/g creatinine, similar to reference values observed in the U.S. general population. For children ages 6-17 years, urinary concentration of N-acetyl- beta -D-glucosaminidase (NAG), alanine aminopeptidase (AAP), and albumin were positively associated with urinary cadmium, but these associations did not remain statistically significant after adjusting for urinary creatinine and other potential confounders. For adults ages 18 or older, urinary concentration of NAG, AAP, and albumin were positively associated with urinary cadmium. The associations with NAG and AAP but not with albumin remained statistically significant after adjusting for creatinine and other potential confounders. We found a positive dose-effect relationship between levels of creatinine-adjusted urinary cadmium and NAG and AAP activity, and statistically significant differences in mean activity for these two enzymes between the highest ( greater than or equal to 1.0 mu g cadmium/g creatinine) and the lowest (< 0.25 mu g cadmium/g creatinine) exposure groups. The findings of this study indicate that biologic measures of cadmium exposure at levels below 2.0 mu g/g creatinine may produce measurable changes in kidney biomarkers. JF - Environmental Health Perspectives AU - Noonan, C W AU - Sarasua, S M AU - Campagna, D AU - Kathman, S J AU - Lybarger, JA AU - Mueller, P W AD - Agency for Toxic Substances and Disease Registry, 1600 Clifton Road NE, Mail stop E-31, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA, cnoonan@cdc.gov Y1 - 2002/02// PY - 2002 DA - Feb 2002 SP - 151 EP - 155 VL - 110 IS - 2 SN - 0091-6765, 0091-6765 KW - N-Acetylglucosaminidase KW - man KW - population studies KW - Health & Safety Science Abstracts; Pollution Abstracts; Toxicology Abstracts KW - X 24165:Biochemistry KW - H 12000:Epidemiology and Public Health KW - P 6000:TOXICOLOGY AND HEALTH UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/18398661?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxicologyabstracts&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Environmental+Health+Perspectives&rft.atitle=Effects+of+Exposure+to+Low+Levels+of+Environmental+Cadmium+on+Renal+Biomarkers&rft.au=Noonan%2C+C+W%3BSarasua%2C+S+M%3BCampagna%2C+D%3BKathman%2C+S+J%3BLybarger%2C+JA%3BMueller%2C+P+W&rft.aulast=Noonan&rft.aufirst=C&rft.date=2002-02-01&rft.volume=110&rft.issue=2&rft.spage=151&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Environmental+Health+Perspectives&rft.issn=00916765&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Dynamic Performance of the Mechanism of an Automatically Deployable ROPS AN - 18326479; 5377596 AB - The mechanism for an automatically deployable ROPS (AutoROPS) has been designed and tested. This mechanism is part of an innovative project to provide passive protection against rollover fatality to operators of new tractors used in both low-clearance and unrestricted-clearance tasks. The device is a spring-action, telescoping structure that releases on signal to pyrotechnic squibs that actuate release pins. Upper post motion begins when the release pins clear an internal piston. The structure extends until the piston impacts an elastomeric ring and latches at the top position. In lab tests the two-post structure consistently deployed in less than 0.3 s and latched securely. Static load tests of the telescoping structure and field upset tests of the fully functional AutoROPS have been successfully completed. JF - Journal of Agricultural Safety and Health AU - Etherton, J R AU - Cutlip, R G AU - Harris, J R AU - Ronaghi, M AU - Means, KH AU - Howard, S AD - National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, 1095 Willowdale Road, Morgantown, WV 26505, USA, jre1@cdc.gov Y1 - 2002/02// PY - 2002 DA - Feb 2002 SP - 113 EP - 118 VL - 8 IS - 1 SN - 1074-7583, 1074-7583 KW - rollover KW - tractors KW - Health & Safety Science Abstracts KW - Agriculture KW - Injuries KW - Motor vehicles KW - Occupational safety KW - Protective equipment KW - Accidents KW - H 1000:Occupational Safety and Health UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/18326479?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Ahealthsafetyabstracts&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Agricultural+Safety+and+Health&rft.atitle=Dynamic+Performance+of+the+Mechanism+of+an+Automatically+Deployable+ROPS&rft.au=Etherton%2C+J+R%3BCutlip%2C+R+G%3BHarris%2C+J+R%3BRonaghi%2C+M%3BMeans%2C+KH%3BHoward%2C+S&rft.aulast=Etherton&rft.aufirst=J&rft.date=2002-02-01&rft.volume=8&rft.issue=1&rft.spage=113&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+Agricultural+Safety+and+Health&rft.issn=10747583&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Agriculture; Motor vehicles; Protective equipment; Occupational safety; Injuries; Accidents ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Diseases caused by silica: mechanisms of injury and disease development AN - 18273544; 5329787 AB - While silica particles are considered to be fibrogenic and carcinogenic agents, the mechanisms responsible are not well understood. This article summarizes literature on silica-induced accelerated silicosis, chronic silicosis, silico-tuberculosis, bronchogenic carcinoma, and immune-mediated diseases. This article also discusses the generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) that occurs directly from the interaction of silica with aqueous medium and from silica-stimulated cells, the molecular mechanisms of silica-induced lung injuries with focus on silica-induced NF- Kappa B activation, including its mechanisms, possible attenuation and relationship to silica-induced generation of cyclooxygenase II and TNF- alpha . Silica-induced AP-1 activation, protooncogene expression, and the role of ROS in these processes are also briefly discussed. JF - International Immunopharmacology AU - Ding, M AU - Chen, F AU - Shi, X AU - Yucesoy, B AU - Mossman, B AU - Vallyathan, V AD - Pathology and Physiology Research Branch, Health Effects Laboratory Division, National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, 1095 Willowdale Road, Morgantown, WV 26505, USA, vav1@cdc.gov Y1 - 2002/02// PY - 2002 DA - Feb 2002 SP - 173 EP - 182 VL - 2 IS - 2-3 SN - 1567-5769, 1567-5769 KW - diseases KW - NF- Kappa B protein KW - silica KW - tumor necrosis factor- alpha KW - Toxicology Abstracts; Immunology Abstracts KW - tumor necrosis factor-^a KW - NF-^KB protein KW - Lung diseases KW - AP-1 protein KW - Carcinogens KW - Tumor necrosis factor-a KW - Carcinoma KW - Immunological diseases KW - cyclooxygenase-2 KW - Respiratory tract diseases KW - Silica KW - Bronchus KW - Reactive oxygen species KW - Reviews KW - Silicosis KW - Tuberculosis KW - Silicon dioxide KW - F 06883:Lung KW - X 24152:Chronic exposure UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/18273544?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxicologyabstracts&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=International+Immunopharmacology&rft.atitle=Diseases+caused+by+silica%3A+mechanisms+of+injury+and+disease+development&rft.au=Ding%2C+M%3BChen%2C+F%3BShi%2C+X%3BYucesoy%2C+B%3BMossman%2C+B%3BVallyathan%2C+V&rft.aulast=Ding&rft.aufirst=M&rft.date=2002-02-01&rft.volume=2&rft.issue=2-3&rft.spage=173&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=International+Immunopharmacology&rft.issn=15675769&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Silicosis; AP-1 protein; Tuberculosis; cyclooxygenase-2; Carcinoma; Immunological diseases; Tumor necrosis factor-a; Reactive oxygen species; Bronchus; Lung diseases; Carcinogens; Respiratory tract diseases; Reviews; Silica; Silicon dioxide ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Highly Sensitive Assay for Human Herpesvirus 8 Antibodies That Uses a Multiple Antigenic Peptide Derived from Open Reading Frame K8.1 AN - 18248301; 5306566 AB - The immunodominant region of the human herpesvirus 8 (HHV-8), the antibody- binding site of glycoprotein K8.1A, was mapped to the N-terminal region by using overlapping peptides and a residue replacement method. The main epitope was located within residues 44 to 56 (GQVYQDWL----C). Based on this information, we developed an enzyme immunoassay to detect HHV-8 antibodies in human sera using a four-branch multiple antigenic peptide as the antigen. The sensitivity and specificity of the assay were 96 and 99.4%, respectively. This assay should be useful for population-based, epidemiological studies of HHV-8 infection. JF - Journal of Clinical Microbiology AU - Lam, L L AU - Pau, C AU - Dollard, S C AU - Pellett, P E AU - Spira, T J AD - Division of AIDS, STD, and Laboratory Research, National Center for Infectious Diseases, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, 1600 Clifton Rd., Mail Stop A25, Atlanta, GA 30333., lxl7@cdc.gov Y1 - 2002/02// PY - 2002 DA - Feb 2002 SP - 325 EP - 329 PB - American Society for Microbiology VL - 40 IS - 2 SN - 0095-1137, 0095-1137 KW - man KW - Microbiology Abstracts A: Industrial & Applied Microbiology; Virology & AIDS Abstracts KW - Antibodies KW - Serum KW - Human herpesvirus 8 KW - Enzyme immunoassay KW - A 01114:Viruses KW - V 22121:Diagnosis UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/18248301?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologya&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Clinical+Microbiology&rft.atitle=Highly+Sensitive+Assay+for+Human+Herpesvirus+8+Antibodies+That+Uses+a+Multiple+Antigenic+Peptide+Derived+from+Open+Reading+Frame+K8.1&rft.au=Lam%2C+L+L%3BPau%2C+C%3BDollard%2C+S+C%3BPellett%2C+P+E%3BSpira%2C+T+J&rft.aulast=Lam&rft.aufirst=L&rft.date=2002-02-01&rft.volume=40&rft.issue=2&rft.spage=325&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+Clinical+Microbiology&rft.issn=00951137&rft_id=info:doi/10.1128%2FJCM.40.02.325-329.2002 LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Human herpesvirus 8; Antibodies; Enzyme immunoassay; Serum DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/JCM.40.02.325-329.2002 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Development and Evaluation of Real-Time PCR-Based Fluorescence Assays for Detection of Chlamydia pneumoniae AN - 18247109; 5306545 AB - Chlamydia pneumoniae is an important respiratory pathogen recently associated with atherosclerosis and several other chronic diseases. Detection of C. pneumoniae is inconsistent, and standardized PCR assays are needed. Two real-time PCR assays specific for C. pneumoniae were developed by using the fluorescent dye-labeled TaqMan probe-based system. Oligonucleotide primers and probes were designed to target two variable domains of the ompA gene, VD2 and VD4. The limit of detection for each of the two PCR assays was 0.001 inclusion-forming unit. Thirty-nine C. pneumoniae isolates obtained from widely distributed geographical areas were amplified by the VD2 and VD4 assays, producing the expected 108- and 125-bp amplification products, respectively. None of the C. trachomatis serovars, C. psittaci strains, other organisms, or human DNAs tested were amplified. The amplification results of the newly developed assays were compared to the results of culturing and two nested PCR assays, targeting the 16S rRNA and ompA genes. The assays were compared by testing C. pneumoniae purified elementary bodies, animal tissues, 228 peripheral blood mononuclear cell (PBMC) specimens, and 179 oropharyngeal (OP) swab specimens obtained from ischemic stroke patients or matched controls. The real-time VD4 assay and one nested PCR each detected C. pneumoniae in a single, but different, PBMC specimen. Eleven of 179 OP specimens (6.1%) showed evidence of the presence of C. pneumoniae in one or more tests. The real- time VD4 assay detected the most positive results of the five assays. We believe that this real-time PCR assay offers advantages over nested PCR assays and may improve the detection of C. pneumoniae in clinical specimens. JF - Journal of Clinical Microbiology AU - Tondella, MLC AU - Talkington, D F AU - Holloway, B P AU - Dowell, S F AU - Cowley, K AU - Soriano-Gabarro, M AU - Elkind AU - Fields, B S AD - Respiratory Diseases Branch, Division of Bacterial and Mycotic Diseases, National Center for Infectious Diseases, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, MS G-03, 1600 Clifton Rd., N.E., Atlanta, GA 30333., MTondella@CDC.GOV Y1 - 2002/02// PY - 2002 DA - Feb 2002 SP - 575 EP - 583 PB - American Society for Microbiology VL - 40 IS - 2 SN - 0095-1137, 0095-1137 KW - assays KW - Microbiology Abstracts B: Bacteriology KW - Respiratory tract diseases KW - Fluorescence KW - Chlamydia pneumoniae KW - Polymerase chain reaction KW - J 02704:Enumeration UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/18247109?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologyb&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Clinical+Microbiology&rft.atitle=Development+and+Evaluation+of+Real-Time+PCR-Based+Fluorescence+Assays+for+Detection+of+Chlamydia+pneumoniae&rft.au=Tondella%2C+MLC%3BTalkington%2C+D+F%3BHolloway%2C+B+P%3BDowell%2C+S+F%3BCowley%2C+K%3BSoriano-Gabarro%2C+M%3BElkind%3BFields%2C+B+S&rft.aulast=Tondella&rft.aufirst=MLC&rft.date=2002-02-01&rft.volume=40&rft.issue=2&rft.spage=575&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+Clinical+Microbiology&rft.issn=00951137&rft_id=info:doi/10.1128%2FJCM.40.2.575-583.2002 LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Chlamydia pneumoniae; Fluorescence; Respiratory tract diseases; Polymerase chain reaction DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/JCM.40.2.575-583.2002 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Protective Roles of NF- Kappa B for Chromium(VI)-induced Cytotoxicity Is Revealed by Expression of I Kappa B Kinase- beta Mutant AN - 18242802; 5302939 AB - To delineate the molecular mechanisms of NF- Kappa B-mediated regulation of chromium(VI)-induced cell death, the signaling pathway leading to the activation of NF- Kappa B was interrupted by stable transfection of a kinase-mutated form of I Kappa B kinase beta (IKK beta -KM). Here we demonstrate a novel role for the NF- Kappa B transcription factor in inhibiting chromium(VI)-induced cell death. Inhibition of NF- Kappa B by IKK beta -KM or IKK beta gene deficiency resulted in a spontaneous cleavage of Bcl-xl antiapoptotic protein due to the elevated caspase-3 activity. DNA microarray assay suggested a decreased expression of genes encoding antiapoptotic proteins, cIAP1 and cIAP2, in the cells overexpressing IKK beta -KM. Chromium(VI) treatment of these NF- Kappa B-inhibited cells induced necrotic-like cell death. Such chromium(VI)-induced cell killing could be partially inhibited by expression of exogenous cIAP1, an inhibitor of caspases, indicating that caspases along with others may be involved in chromium(VI)-induced cell death. These results suggest that NF- Kappa B is essential for inhibiting toxic metal-induced cytotoxicity. Such inhibition may involve up-regulation of the expression of anti-death proteins including cIAP1 that prevents spontaneous caspase activation and subsequent cleavage of Bcl-xl protein. JF - Journal of Biological Chemistry AU - Chen, F AU - Bower, J AU - Leonard, S S AU - Ding, M AU - Lu, Y AU - Rojanasakul, Y AU - Kung, H AU - Vallyathan, V AU - Castranova, V AU - Shi, X AD - Health Effects Laboratory Division, NIOSH, Morgantown, West Virginia 26505, USA, lfd3@cdc.gov. Y1 - 2002/02/01/ PY - 2002 DA - 2002 Feb 01 SP - 3342 EP - 3349 VL - 277 IS - 5 SN - 0021-9258, 0021-9258 KW - mutants KW - cytotoxicity KW - Bcl-xl protein KW - I Kappa B kinase beta KW - I Kappa B kinase- beta KW - NF- Kappa B protein KW - cIAP1 protein KW - cIAP2 protein KW - chromium(VI) KW - Genetics Abstracts; Toxicology Abstracts KW - IB kinase b KW - I^KB kinase-^b KW - NF-^KB protein KW - Metals KW - Necrosis KW - Cell death KW - Apoptosis KW - Chromium KW - Transcription factors KW - NF-B protein KW - Caspase-3 KW - X 24165:Biochemistry KW - G 07221:Specific chemicals UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/18242802?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxicologyabstracts&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Biological+Chemistry&rft.atitle=Protective+Roles+of+NF-+Kappa+B+for+Chromium%28VI%29-induced+Cytotoxicity+Is+Revealed+by+Expression+of+I+Kappa+B+Kinase-+beta+Mutant&rft.au=Chen%2C+F%3BBower%2C+J%3BLeonard%2C+S+S%3BDing%2C+M%3BLu%2C+Y%3BRojanasakul%2C+Y%3BKung%2C+H%3BVallyathan%2C+V%3BCastranova%2C+V%3BShi%2C+X&rft.aulast=Chen&rft.aufirst=F&rft.date=2002-02-01&rft.volume=277&rft.issue=5&rft.spage=3342&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+Biological+Chemistry&rft.issn=00219258&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Chromium; NF-B protein; Caspase-3; Cell death; Apoptosis; Transcription factors; Necrosis; Metals ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Field measurement of lead in workplace air and paint chip samples by ultrasonic extraction and portable anodic stripping voltammetry AN - 16137653; 5396933 AB - On-site measurement of lead in workplace air filter samples and paint chip samples by ultrasonic extraction and anodic stripping voltammetry (UE-ASV) was evaluated in the field during renovation and remodeling activities in residences having leaded paint. Aerosol and paint samples were collected using standard techniques, and the samples were analyzed on-site for lead content by portable UE-ASV. Lead in sample extracts was subsequently determined by atomic absorption (AA) spectrometry in a fixed-site laboratory. The remaining sample extracts plus undissolved material (air filters or paint particles) were then subjected to hot plate digestion in concentrated nitric acid-30% hydrogen peroxide prior to AA analysis for lead. Field UE-ASV lead data were thereby compared to UE-AA and hot plate digestion-AA results from fixed-site laboratory lead measurement. Determination of lead in air filter samples by UE-ASV (over the range of 5 mu g to similar to 800 mu g Pb per sample) was extremely well correlated with lead measurement by UE-AA and hot plate digestion-AA procedures. However, a significant negative bias associated with ASV measurement was observed, and this was attributed to a matrix effect. Lead measurement in paint chip samples by UE-ASV (over the range of similar to 10 to similar to 550 mu g Pb g super(-1)) was well correlated with lead measurement by UE-AA and hot plate digestion-AA procedures. However, correlation and precision were lower for lead measurement in paint samples as compared to aerosol samples, and a negative bias was also observed. Lead measurements by UE-AA were compared to lead determinations by hot plate digestion-AA; these data were highly correlated and demonstrated no significant bias. Thus it was concluded that the ultrasonic extraction procedure performed equivalently to hot plate digestion. It was reasoned that matrix effects due to the preparation and analysis of paint chip particles resulted in greater imprecision as well as negative bias by ASV measurement. Despite significant negative bias in this sample set, UE-ASV offers promise for on-site measurement of lead in samples of interest in occupational and environmental health. JF - Journal of Environmental Monitoring AU - Sussell, A AU - Ashley, K AD - US Department of Health and Human Services, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, 4676 Columbia Parkway, Cincinnati, OH 45226-1998, USA, KAshley@cdc.gov Y1 - 2002/02// PY - 2002 DA - Feb 2002 SP - 156 EP - 161 VL - 4 IS - 1 SN - 1464-0325, 1464-0325 KW - Health & Safety Science Abstracts; Pollution Abstracts KW - Heavy metals KW - Air sampling KW - Lead KW - Occupational exposure KW - Paints KW - H 1000:Occupational Safety and Health KW - P 6000:TOXICOLOGY AND HEALTH UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16137653?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Apollution&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Environmental+Monitoring&rft.atitle=Field+measurement+of+lead+in+workplace+air+and+paint+chip+samples+by+ultrasonic+extraction+and+portable+anodic+stripping+voltammetry&rft.au=Sussell%2C+A%3BAshley%2C+K&rft.aulast=Sussell&rft.aufirst=A&rft.date=2002-02-01&rft.volume=4&rft.issue=1&rft.spage=156&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+Environmental+Monitoring&rft.issn=14640325&rft_id=info:doi/10.1039%2Fb109070b LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2002-07-01 N1 - Last updated - 2015-03-24 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Heavy metals; Air sampling; Occupational exposure; Lead; Paints DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/b109070b ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Drinking Water Contaminants and Adverse Pregnancy Outcomes: A Review AN - 16134776; 5381913 AB - Concern for exposures to drinking water contaminants and their effects on adverse birth outcomes has prompted several studies evaluating chlorination disinfection by-products and chlorinated solvents. Some of these contaminants are found to be teratogenic in animal studies. This review evaluates 14 studies on chlorination disinfection by-products such as trihalomethanes (THMs) and five studies on chlorinated solvents such as trichloroethylene (TCE). The adverse birth outcomes discussed in this review include small for gestational age (SGA), low birth weight, preterm birth, birth defects, spontaneous abortions, and fetal deaths. Because of heterogeneities across the studies in the characterization of birth outcomes, the assessment and categorization of exposures, and the levels and mixtures of contaminants, a qualitative review was conducted. Generally, the chief bias in these studies was exposure misclassification that most likely underestimated the risk, as well as distorted exposure-response relationships. The general lack of confounding bias by risk factors resulted from these factors not being associated with drinking water exposures. The studies of THMs and adverse birth outcomes provide moderate evidence for associations with SGA, neural tube defects (NTDs), and spontaneous abortions. Because fewer studies have been conducted for the chlorinated solvents than for THMs, the evidence for associations is less clear. Nevertheless, the findings of excess NTDs, oral clefts, cardiac defects, and choanal atresia in studies that evaluated TCE-contaminated drinking water deserve follow-up. JF - Environmental Health Perspectives AU - Bove, F AU - Shim, Y AU - Zeitz, P AD - Executive Park, Bldg. 4, Ste. 1300, Atlanta, GA 30329, USA, fbove@cdc.gov Y1 - 2002/02// PY - 2002 DA - Feb 2002 SP - 61 EP - 74 VL - 110 SN - 0091-6765, 0091-6765 KW - low-birth-weight KW - neural tube defects KW - Water Resources Abstracts; Aqualine Abstracts; Toxicology Abstracts; Risk Abstracts; Health & Safety Science Abstracts; Pollution Abstracts KW - Water supplies (Potable) KW - Disinfection KW - Abortion KW - Byproducts KW - Chlorination byproducts KW - Drinking Water KW - Water treatment KW - Water Treatment KW - Congenital defects KW - Water quality (Treated waters) KW - Solvents KW - Sexual Reproduction KW - Pregnancy KW - Chlorination KW - Drinking water KW - Contaminants KW - X 24120:Food, additives & contaminants KW - SW 3060:Water treatment and distribution KW - R2 23060:Medical and environmental health KW - H 12000:Epidemiology and Public Health KW - AQ 00002:Water Quality KW - P 6000:TOXICOLOGY AND HEALTH UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16134776?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aaqualine&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Environmental+Health+Perspectives&rft.atitle=Drinking+Water+Contaminants+and+Adverse+Pregnancy+Outcomes%3A+A+Review&rft.au=Bove%2C+F%3BShim%2C+Y%3BZeitz%2C+P&rft.aulast=Bove&rft.aufirst=F&rft.date=2002-02-01&rft.volume=110&rft.issue=&rft.spage=61&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Environmental+Health+Perspectives&rft.issn=00916765&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2002-09-01 N1 - Last updated - 2015-03-24 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Disinfection; Byproducts; Chlorination; Contaminants; Drinking water; Pregnancy; Abortion; Solvents; Congenital defects; Chlorination byproducts; Water supplies (Potable); Water treatment; Water quality (Treated waters); Drinking Water; Water Treatment; Sexual Reproduction ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Chemoprotection by phenolic antioxidants. Inhibition of tumor necrosis factor alpha induction in macrophages. AN - 71413620; 11694529 AB - Phenolic antioxidants exhibit anti-inflammatory activity in protection against chemical toxicity and cancer. To investigate the molecular mechanism of anti-inflammation, we analyzed the regulation of tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-alpha) expression in macrophages, a key step in inflammation, by the antioxidants. Whereas lipopolysaccharide (LPS), an inflammatory inducer, stimulates rapid synthesis of TNF-alpha protein, phenolic antioxidants, exemplified by tert-butyl hydroquinone and 1,4-dihydroquinone, block LPS-induced production of TNF-alpha protein in a time- and dose-dependent manner. Inhibition of TNF-alpha induction correlates with the capacity of the antioxidants to undergo oxidation-reduction cycling, implicating oxidative signaling in the inhibition. The antioxidants blocked LPS-induced increase of the steady-state mRNA of TNF-alpha but did not affect the half-life of the mRNA. Electrophoretic mobility shift assay reveals a total inhibition of LPS-induced formation of nuclear factor kappaB.DNA binding complexes by phenolic antioxidants. Finally, 1,4-dihydroquinone blocks the induction of TNF-alpha target genes interleukin 1beta and interleukin 6 at both mRNA and protein levels. Our findings demonstrate that phenolic antioxidants potently inhibit signal-induced TNF-alpha transcription and suggest a mechanism of anti-inflammation by the antioxidants through control of cytokine induction during inflammation. JF - The Journal of biological chemistry AU - Ma, Qiang AU - Kinneer, Krista AD - Receptor Biology Laboratory, Toxicology and Molecular Biology Branch, Health Effects Laboratory Division, National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Morgantown, West Virginia 26505, USA. qam1@cdc.gov Y1 - 2002/01/25/ PY - 2002 DA - 2002 Jan 25 SP - 2477 EP - 2484 VL - 277 IS - 4 SN - 0021-9258, 0021-9258 KW - 1,4-dihydroquinone KW - 0 KW - Antioxidants KW - Enzyme Inhibitors KW - Hydroquinones KW - Interleukin-1 KW - Interleukin-6 KW - Lipopolysaccharides KW - NF-kappa B KW - Quinones KW - RNA, Messenger KW - Reactive Oxygen Species KW - Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha KW - Phenol KW - 339NCG44TV KW - Hydrogen Peroxide KW - BBX060AN9V KW - 2-tert-butylhydroquinone KW - C12674942B KW - Index Medicus KW - Animals KW - Quinones -- chemistry KW - Blotting, Northern KW - Cell Nucleus -- metabolism KW - Dose-Response Relationship, Drug KW - Lipopolysaccharides -- pharmacology KW - Hydrogen Peroxide -- pharmacology KW - Interleukin-6 -- metabolism KW - Transcription, Genetic KW - Mice KW - Protein Binding KW - Interleukin-1 -- metabolism KW - RNA, Messenger -- metabolism KW - Enzyme Inhibitors -- pharmacology KW - Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay KW - Models, Chemical KW - Interleukin-6 -- biosynthesis KW - Time Factors KW - Hydroquinones -- chemistry KW - Signal Transduction KW - Cell Line KW - NF-kappa B -- metabolism KW - NF-kappa B -- antagonists & inhibitors KW - Antioxidants -- pharmacology KW - Phenol -- pharmacology KW - Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha -- antagonists & inhibitors KW - Macrophages -- metabolism UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/71413620?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Journal+of+biological+chemistry&rft.atitle=Chemoprotection+by+phenolic+antioxidants.+Inhibition+of+tumor+necrosis+factor+alpha+induction+in+macrophages.&rft.au=Ma%2C+Qiang%3BKinneer%2C+Krista&rft.aulast=Ma&rft.aufirst=Qiang&rft.date=2002-01-25&rft.volume=277&rft.issue=4&rft.spage=2477&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=The+Journal+of+biological+chemistry&rft.issn=00219258&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 2002-02-25 N1 - Date created - 2002-01-21 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - c-Src-dependent Activation of the Epidermal Growth Factor Receptor and Mitogen-activated Protein Kinase Pathway by Arsenic: Role in carcinogenesis AN - 18235916; 5298076 AB - Environmental or occupational exposure to arsenic is associated with a greatly increased risk of skin, urinary bladder, and respiratory tract cancers in arseniasis-endemic areas throughout the world. Arsenic shares many properties of tumor promoters by affecting specific cell signal transduction pathways responsible for cell proliferation. The activation of the epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR)-extracellular signal-regulated protein kinase (ERK) pathway is important in mediating gene expression related to regulation of cellular growth. In the current studies, we demonstrate that arsenic activates EGFR and ERK in a human uroepithelial cell line. The EGFR phosphorylation by arsenic is ligand-independent and does not involve the major autophosphorylation site Tyr super(1173). c-Src activity is also induced by arsenic and is a prerequisite for the EGFR and ERK activation. Consistent with these in vitro observations, exposure of mice to arsenic in drinking water, which has been found previously to be associated with AP-1 activation and epithelial proliferation, induces EGFR and ERK activation in the urinary bladder. This response is also accompanied with an increase in c-Src levels interacting with EGFR. These findings represent a potential pathway for mediating arsenic-induced phenotypic changes in the uroepithelium. JF - Journal of Biological Chemistry AU - Simeonova, P P AU - Wang, S AU - Hulderman, T AU - Luster, MI AD - TMBB, HELD, National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, Centers for Disease Control, Morgantown, West Virginia 26505, USA, PSimeonova@cdc.gov Y1 - 2002/01/25/ PY - 2002 DA - 2002 Jan 25 SP - 2945 EP - 2950 VL - 277 IS - 4 SN - 0021-9258, 0021-9258 KW - mice KW - ERK kinase KW - c-Src protein KW - epidermal growth factor receptors KW - mitogen-activated protein kinase KW - Oncogenes & Growth Factors Abstracts; Toxicology Abstracts KW - MAP kinase KW - Arsenic KW - Urinary bladder KW - Epidermal growth factor receptors KW - Urinary tract KW - Cancer KW - Phosphorylation KW - Carcinogenesis KW - Epithelium KW - Drinking water KW - B 26070:Src gene family KW - X 24165:Biochemistry UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/18235916?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxicologyabstracts&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Biological+Chemistry&rft.atitle=c-Src-dependent+Activation+of+the+Epidermal+Growth+Factor+Receptor+and+Mitogen-activated+Protein+Kinase+Pathway+by+Arsenic%3A+Role+in+carcinogenesis&rft.au=Simeonova%2C+P+P%3BWang%2C+S%3BHulderman%2C+T%3BLuster%2C+MI&rft.aulast=Simeonova&rft.aufirst=P&rft.date=2002-01-25&rft.volume=277&rft.issue=4&rft.spage=2945&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+Biological+Chemistry&rft.issn=00219258&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-14 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Arsenic; MAP kinase; Carcinogenesis; Cancer; Phosphorylation; Drinking water; Urinary bladder; Urinary tract; Epithelium; Epidermal growth factor receptors ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Outbreak of Salmonella serotype Kottbus infections associated with eating alfalfa sprouts--Arizona, California, Colorado, and New Mexico, February-April 2001. AN - 71437001; 11831433 AB - On March 12, 2001, the California Department of Health Services (CDHS) identified a cluster of Salmonella Kottbus isolates with indistinguishable pulsed-field gel electrophoresis (PFGE) patterns. During February 1-May 1, CDHS identified 23 patients with S. Kottbus infections in several California counties and an additional patient from Arizona. This report summarizes the results of the investigation of this outbreak, which identified cases in four states and implicated alfalfa sprouts produced at a single facility. JF - MMWR. Morbidity and mortality weekly report AU - Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) AD - Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) Y1 - 2002/01/11/ PY - 2002 DA - 2002 Jan 11 SP - 7 EP - 9 VL - 51 IS - 1 SN - 0149-2195, 0149-2195 KW - Index Medicus KW - New Mexico -- epidemiology KW - Arizona -- epidemiology KW - Humans KW - Serotyping KW - Aged KW - Child KW - Disease Outbreaks KW - Adult KW - Salmonella -- isolation & purification KW - Middle Aged KW - Salmonella -- classification KW - Adolescent KW - California -- epidemiology KW - Colorado -- epidemiology KW - Salmonella Food Poisoning -- etiology KW - Medicago sativa -- microbiology KW - Salmonella Food Poisoning -- epidemiology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/71437001?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=MMWR.+Morbidity+and+mortality+weekly+report&rft.atitle=Outbreak+of+Salmonella+serotype+Kottbus+infections+associated+with+eating+alfalfa+sprouts--Arizona%2C+California%2C+Colorado%2C+and+New+Mexico%2C+February-April+2001.&rft.au=Centers+for+Disease+Control+and+Prevention+%28CDC%29&rft.aulast=Centers+for+Disease+Control+and+Prevention+%28CDC%29&rft.aufirst=&rft.date=2002-01-11&rft.volume=51&rft.issue=1&rft.spage=7&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=MMWR.+Morbidity+and+mortality+weekly+report&rft.issn=01492195&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 2002-02-12 N1 - Date created - 2002-02-07 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Prevalence estimates for MS in the United States and evidence of an increasing trend for women. AN - 71353192; 11781421 AB - The purpose of this study was to provide current age-, sex-, and region-specific MS prevalence estimates and to identify trends using the National Health Interview Survey. The overall prevalence estimate was 85/100,000 population, or approximately 211,000 (+/-20,000) persons. A 50% increase was observed in the number of women reporting MS for 1991 through 1994 vs 1982 through 1986. The observed trend in higher numbers of self-reported MS among women is consistent with recent observations of higher prevalence and incidence. JF - Neurology AU - Noonan, Curtis W AU - Kathman, Steven J AU - White, Mary C AD - Health Investigations Branch, Division of Health Studies, Agency for Toxic Substances and Disease Registry, Atlanta, GA, USA. cnoonan@cdc.gov Y1 - 2002/01/08/ PY - 2002 DA - 2002 Jan 08 SP - 136 EP - 138 VL - 58 IS - 1 SN - 0028-3878, 0028-3878 KW - Abridged Index Medicus KW - Index Medicus KW - Humans KW - Adult KW - Middle Aged KW - United States -- epidemiology KW - Sex Distribution KW - Cluster Analysis KW - Female KW - Prevalence KW - Age Distribution KW - Multiple Sclerosis -- epidemiology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/71353192?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Neurology&rft.atitle=Prevalence+estimates+for+MS+in+the+United+States+and+evidence+of+an+increasing+trend+for+women.&rft.au=Noonan%2C+Curtis+W%3BKathman%2C+Steven+J%3BWhite%2C+Mary+C&rft.aulast=Noonan&rft.aufirst=Curtis&rft.date=2002-01-08&rft.volume=58&rft.issue=1&rft.spage=136&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Neurology&rft.issn=00283878&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 2004-03-25 N1 - Date created - 2002-01-08 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - SuppNotes - Comment In: Neurology. 2002 Jul 23;59(2):294; author reply 294-5 [12136080] N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - CPAPER T1 - Sickle cell genotype is an important determinant of treatment outcome with sulfadoxine-pyrimethamine in young children with acute uncomplicated Plasmodium falciparum malaria in Western Kenya AN - 39499625; 3656655 AU - Terlouw, D J AU - Courval, J AU - Aidoo, M AU - Udhayakumar, V AU - Vulule, J AU - Kager, P A AU - Nahlen, B L AU - Lal, A A AU - Ter Kuile, FO Y1 - 2002/01/08/ PY - 2002 DA - 2002 Jan 08 KW - CPI, Conference Papers Index KW - U 7000:Multidisciplinary UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/39499625?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Acpi&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=conference&rft.jtitle=&rft.atitle=Sickle+cell+genotype+is+an+important+determinant+of+treatment+outcome+with+sulfadoxine-pyrimethamine+in+young+children+with+acute+uncomplicated+Plasmodium+falciparum+malaria+in+Western+Kenya&rft.au=Terlouw%2C+D+J%3BCourval%2C+J%3BAidoo%2C+M%3BUdhayakumar%2C+V%3BVulule%2C+J%3BKager%2C+P+A%3BNahlen%2C+B+L%3BLal%2C+A+A%3BTer+Kuile%2C+FO&rft.aulast=Terlouw&rft.aufirst=D&rft.date=2002-01-08&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - SuppNotes - Availability: American Society for Tropical Medicine, 60 Revere Dr., Suite 500, Northbrook, IL 60062, USA; phone: 847-480-9592; fax: 847-480-9282; email: astmh@astmh.org; URL: www.astmh.org. Poster Paper No. 543 N1 - Last updated - 2010-05-03 ER - TY - CPAPER T1 - Out of Africa: Isolation and genetic characterization of Rift Valley fever virus from aedes arabiensis from the ASIR region of the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia AN - 39497772; 3656089 AU - Miller, B R AU - Godsey AU - Crabtree, M B AU - Al-Mazrao, Y AU - Al-Jeffri, M H AU - Abdoon, A M AU - Ksiazek, T G Y1 - 2002/01/08/ PY - 2002 DA - 2002 Jan 08 KW - CPI, Conference Papers Index KW - U 7000:Multidisciplinary UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/39497772?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Acpi&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=conference&rft.jtitle=&rft.atitle=Out+of+Africa%3A+Isolation+and+genetic+characterization+of+Rift+Valley+fever+virus+from+aedes+arabiensis+from+the+ASIR+region+of+the+Kingdom+of+Saudi+Arabia&rft.au=Miller%2C+B+R%3BGodsey%3BCrabtree%2C+M+B%3BAl-Mazrao%2C+Y%3BAl-Jeffri%2C+M+H%3BAbdoon%2C+A+M%3BKsiazek%2C+T+G&rft.aulast=Miller&rft.aufirst=B&rft.date=2002-01-08&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - SuppNotes - Availability: American Society for Tropical Medicine, 60 Revere Dr., Suite 500, Northbrook, IL 60062, USA; phone: 847-480-9592; fax: 847-480-9282; email: astmh@astmh.org; URL: www.astmh.org. Paper No. 65 N1 - Last updated - 2010-05-03 ER - TY - CPAPER T1 - Bartonella Elizabethae-related bacteria in rats and seroreactivity to Bartonella antigens among people in China and Southeastern Asia AN - 39460372; 3656424 AU - Kosoy, MY AU - Ying, B AU - Maupin, GO AU - Gage, K L Y1 - 2002/01/08/ PY - 2002 DA - 2002 Jan 08 KW - CPI, Conference Papers Index KW - U 7000:Multidisciplinary UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/39460372?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Acpi&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=conference&rft.jtitle=&rft.atitle=Bartonella+Elizabethae-related+bacteria+in+rats+and+seroreactivity+to+Bartonella+antigens+among+people+in+China+and+Southeastern+Asia&rft.au=Kosoy%2C+MY%3BYing%2C+B%3BMaupin%2C+GO%3BGage%2C+K+L&rft.aulast=Kosoy&rft.aufirst=MY&rft.date=2002-01-08&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - SuppNotes - Availability: American Society for Tropical Medicine, 60 Revere Dr., Suite 500, Northbrook, IL 60062, USA; phone: 847-480-9592; fax: 847-480-9282; email: astmh@astmh.org; URL: www.astmh.org. Paper No. 356 N1 - Last updated - 2010-05-03 ER - TY - CPAPER T1 - Macro-geographic population structure of Anopheles gambiae in Africa AN - 39454594; 3656463 AU - Lehmann, T AU - Licht, M AU - Elissa, N AU - Maega, BTA AU - Chimumbwa, J M AU - Watsenga, F AU - Binka, F AU - Simard, F AU - Fontenille, D AU - Hawley, WA Y1 - 2002/01/08/ PY - 2002 DA - 2002 Jan 08 KW - CPI, Conference Papers Index KW - U 7000:Multidisciplinary UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/39454594?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Acpi&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=conference&rft.jtitle=&rft.atitle=Macro-geographic+population+structure+of+Anopheles+gambiae+in+Africa&rft.au=Lehmann%2C+T%3BLicht%2C+M%3BElissa%2C+N%3BMaega%2C+BTA%3BChimumbwa%2C+J+M%3BWatsenga%2C+F%3BBinka%2C+F%3BSimard%2C+F%3BFontenille%2C+D%3BHawley%2C+WA&rft.aulast=Lehmann&rft.aufirst=T&rft.date=2002-01-08&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - SuppNotes - Availability: American Society for Tropical Medicine, 60 Revere Dr., Suite 500, Northbrook, IL 60062, USA; phone: 847-480-9592; fax: 847-480-9282; email: astmh@astmh.org; URL: www.astmh.org. Paper No. 394 N1 - Last updated - 2010-05-03 ER - TY - CPAPER T1 - Efficacy of sulfadoxidine-pyrimetamine vs artesunate/sulfadoxidine/pyrimethamine combination therapy in uncomplicated Plasmodium falciparum infection in Rufiji, Morogoro and Ulanga Districts, Tanzania, 2000 AN - 39453163; 3656720 AU - Smith, EE AU - MacArthur, J R AU - Premj, Z AU - Lemng, M AU - Mshinda, H AU - Bloland, P B Y1 - 2002/01/08/ PY - 2002 DA - 2002 Jan 08 KW - CPI, Conference Papers Index KW - U 7000:Multidisciplinary UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/39453163?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Acpi&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=conference&rft.jtitle=&rft.atitle=Efficacy+of+sulfadoxidine-pyrimetamine+vs+artesunate%2Fsulfadoxidine%2Fpyrimethamine+combination+therapy+in+uncomplicated+Plasmodium+falciparum+infection+in+Rufiji%2C+Morogoro+and+Ulanga+Districts%2C+Tanzania%2C+2000&rft.au=Smith%2C+EE%3BMacArthur%2C+J+R%3BPremj%2C+Z%3BLemng%2C+M%3BMshinda%2C+H%3BBloland%2C+P+B&rft.aulast=Smith&rft.aufirst=EE&rft.date=2002-01-08&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - SuppNotes - Availability: American Society for Tropical Medicine, 60 Revere Dr., Suite 500, Northbrook, IL 60062, USA; phone: 847-480-9592; fax: 847-480-9282; email: astmh@astmh.org; URL: www.astmh.org. Poster Paper No. 608 N1 - Last updated - 2010-05-03 ER - TY - CPAPER T1 - Increasing resistance to sulfadoxine-pyrimethamine in the treatment of uncomplicated falciparum malaria in Western Kenya, 1993-1999 AN - 39452310; 3656654 AU - Courval, J M AU - Terlouw, D J AU - Kariuki, S AU - Nahlen, B L AU - Lal, A A AU - Ter Kuile, FO Y1 - 2002/01/08/ PY - 2002 DA - 2002 Jan 08 KW - CPI, Conference Papers Index KW - U 7000:Multidisciplinary UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/39452310?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Acpi&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=conference&rft.jtitle=&rft.atitle=Increasing+resistance+to+sulfadoxine-pyrimethamine+in+the+treatment+of+uncomplicated+falciparum+malaria+in+Western+Kenya%2C+1993-1999&rft.au=Courval%2C+J+M%3BTerlouw%2C+D+J%3BKariuki%2C+S%3BNahlen%2C+B+L%3BLal%2C+A+A%3BTer+Kuile%2C+FO&rft.aulast=Courval&rft.aufirst=J&rft.date=2002-01-08&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - SuppNotes - Availability: American Society for Tropical Medicine, 60 Revere Dr., Suite 500, Northbrook, IL 60062, USA; phone: 847-480-9592; fax: 847-480-9282; email: astmh@astmh.org; URL: www.astmh.org. Poster Paper No. 542 N1 - Last updated - 2010-05-03 ER - TY - CPAPER T1 - Sin nombre virus: Can we manipulate it? AN - 39448567; 3656395 AU - Marczinke, B I AU - Shoemaker, T AU - Nichol, ST Y1 - 2002/01/08/ PY - 2002 DA - 2002 Jan 08 KW - CPI, Conference Papers Index KW - U 7000:Multidisciplinary UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/39448567?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Acpi&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=conference&rft.jtitle=&rft.atitle=Sin+nombre+virus%3A+Can+we+manipulate+it%3F&rft.au=Marczinke%2C+B+I%3BShoemaker%2C+T%3BNichol%2C+ST&rft.aulast=Marczinke&rft.aufirst=B&rft.date=2002-01-08&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - SuppNotes - Availability: American Society for Tropical Medicine, 60 Revere Dr., Suite 500, Northbrook, IL 60062, USA; phone: 847-480-9592; fax: 847-480-9282; email: astmh@astmh.org; URL: www.astmh.org. Poster Paper No. 331 N1 - Last updated - 2010-05-03 ER - TY - CPAPER T1 - Studying an iinfectious disease in people is complex, -or- What can we learn about (and from) co-infections of Schistosoma mansoni and HIV-1? AN - 39432155; 3656531 AU - Colley, D Y1 - 2002/01/08/ PY - 2002 DA - 2002 Jan 08 KW - CPI, Conference Papers Index KW - U 7000:Multidisciplinary UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/39432155?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Acpi&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=conference&rft.jtitle=&rft.atitle=Studying+an+iinfectious+disease+in+people+is+complex%2C+-or-+What+can+we+learn+about+%28and+from%29+co-infections+of+Schistosoma+mansoni+and+HIV-1%3F&rft.au=Colley%2C+D&rft.aulast=Colley&rft.aufirst=D&rft.date=2002-01-08&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - SuppNotes - Availability: American Society for Tropical Medicine, 60 Revere Dr., Suite 500, Northbrook, IL 60062, USA; phone: 847-480-9592; fax: 847-480-9282; email: astmh@astmh.org; URL: www.astmh.org N1 - Last updated - 2010-05-03 ER - TY - CPAPER T1 - HIV-1 subtype and other factors associated with extrapulmonary cryptococcosis among patients with AIDS in Thailand AN - 39424792; 3656539 AU - Amornkul, P N AU - Hu, D J AU - Tansuphasawadikul, S AU - Lee, S AU - Eampokalap, B AU - Likanonsakul, S AU - Nelson, R AU - Young, N L AU - Hajjeh, R A AU - Limpakarnjanarat, K Y1 - 2002/01/08/ PY - 2002 DA - 2002 Jan 08 KW - CPI, Conference Papers Index KW - U 7000:Multidisciplinary UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/39424792?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Acpi&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=conference&rft.jtitle=&rft.atitle=HIV-1+subtype+and+other+factors+associated+with+extrapulmonary+cryptococcosis+among+patients+with+AIDS+in+Thailand&rft.au=Amornkul%2C+P+N%3BHu%2C+D+J%3BTansuphasawadikul%2C+S%3BLee%2C+S%3BEampokalap%2C+B%3BLikanonsakul%2C+S%3BNelson%2C+R%3BYoung%2C+N+L%3BHajjeh%2C+R+A%3BLimpakarnjanarat%2C+K&rft.aulast=Amornkul&rft.aufirst=P&rft.date=2002-01-08&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - SuppNotes - Availability: American Society for Tropical Medicine, 60 Revere Dr., Suite 500, Northbrook, IL 60062, USA; phone: 847-480-9592; fax: 847-480-9282; email: astmh@astmh.org; URL: www.astmh.org. Poster Paper No. 425 N1 - Last updated - 2010-05-03 ER - TY - CPAPER T1 - Risk factors for infection during a severe dengue outbreak, El Salvador, 2000 AN - 39416344; 3656943 AU - Hayes, J M AU - Garcia-Rivera, E AU - Suarez, G AU - Flores, R AU - Mata, T AU - Coto, R AU - Reyna, R AU - Baltrons, R AU - Mendoza, E AU - Biggerstaff, B Y1 - 2002/01/08/ PY - 2002 DA - 2002 Jan 08 KW - CPI, Conference Papers Index KW - U 7000:Multidisciplinary UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/39416344?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Acpi&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=conference&rft.jtitle=&rft.atitle=Risk+factors+for+infection+during+a+severe+dengue+outbreak%2C+El+Salvador%2C+2000&rft.au=Hayes%2C+J+M%3BGarcia-Rivera%2C+E%3BSuarez%2C+G%3BFlores%2C+R%3BMata%2C+T%3BCoto%2C+R%3BReyna%2C+R%3BBaltrons%2C+R%3BMendoza%2C+E%3BBiggerstaff%2C+B&rft.aulast=Hayes&rft.aufirst=J&rft.date=2002-01-08&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - SuppNotes - Availability: American Society for Tropical Medicine, 60 Revere Dr., Suite 500, Northbrook, IL 60062, USA; phone: 847-480-9592; fax: 847-480-9282; email: astmh@astmh.org; URL: www.astmh.org. Paper No. 828 N1 - Last updated - 2010-05-03 ER - TY - CPAPER T1 - Field releases involving genetically modified organisms: How to communicate the message effectively AN - 39408103; 3656035 AU - Swernarski, L Y1 - 2002/01/08/ PY - 2002 DA - 2002 Jan 08 KW - CPI, Conference Papers Index KW - U 7000:Multidisciplinary UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/39408103?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Acpi&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=conference&rft.jtitle=&rft.atitle=Field+releases+involving+genetically+modified+organisms%3A+How+to+communicate+the+message+effectively&rft.au=Swernarski%2C+L&rft.aulast=Swernarski&rft.aufirst=L&rft.date=2002-01-08&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - SuppNotes - Availability: American Society for Tropical Medicine, 60 Revere Dr., Suite 500, Northbrook, IL 60062, USA; phone: 847-480-9592; fax: 847-480-9282; email: astmh@astmh.org; URL: www.astmh.org N1 - Last updated - 2010-05-03 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Prevalence of symptoms and symptom-based conditions among Gulf War veterans: current status of research findings. AN - 72896531; 12762094 JF - Epidemiologic reviews AU - Barrett, Drue H AU - Gray, Gregory C AU - Doebbeling, Bradley N AU - Clauw, Daniel J AU - Reeves, William C AD - National Center for Environmental Health, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA, USA. DBarrett@cdc.gov Y1 - 2002 PY - 2002 DA - 2002 SP - 218 EP - 227 VL - 24 IS - 2 SN - 0193-936X, 0193-936X KW - Index Medicus KW - Humans KW - United States -- epidemiology KW - Prevalence KW - Warfare KW - Veterans KW - Persian Gulf Syndrome -- epidemiology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/72896531?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Epidemiologic+reviews&rft.atitle=Prevalence+of+symptoms+and+symptom-based+conditions+among+Gulf+War+veterans%3A+current+status+of+research+findings.&rft.au=Barrett%2C+Drue+H%3BGray%2C+Gregory+C%3BDoebbeling%2C+Bradley+N%3BClauw%2C+Daniel+J%3BReeves%2C+William+C&rft.aulast=Barrett&rft.aufirst=Drue&rft.date=2002-01-01&rft.volume=24&rft.issue=2&rft.spage=218&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Epidemiologic+reviews&rft.issn=0193936X&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 2003-07-10 N1 - Date created - 2003-05-23 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Application of remote sensing for surveillance of snail habitats in Poyang Lake, China. AN - 72846936; 12568019 AB - To identify snail habitats and monitor the changes by combining remote sensing technique with the ground-based ecological data. Of 100 survey sites selected throughout Poyang Lake, 75 were randomly identified from 574 land mass units: 50 were from snail habitats and 25 were from non-snail habitats based on a historical survey (1982-1984); 25 sites with habitats that did not have snails were also selected. Each site, covering 10,000 m2, was divided into a grid of 100 cells from which 20 cells were randomly selected. Snails, when present, were collected from a 4 m2 frame placed in the center of the selected cell. Satellite Landsat TM images were obtained for the same period as the ground survey data collected. Unsupervised classification was used to classify the images. Identified land-cover types were correlated with snail habitat. The sensitivity and specificity of classified snail habitat were 90.0%-95.6% and 61.1%-68.6%, respectively. Based on the classification, estimated snail habitat areas in Poyang Lake increased from 623.4 km2 in 1999 to 762.8 km2 in 2000. Snail habitats are associated with grassland-covered areas. Classified images can be used to identify snail habitats, determine their areas, and monitor snail habitat changes caused by annual fluctuations of key environmental factors. JF - Zhongguo ji sheng chong xue yu ji sheng chong bing za zhi = Chinese journal of parasitology & parasitic diseases AU - Wu, Wei-ping AU - Davis, George AU - Liu, Hong-yun AU - Seto, Edmund AU - Lu, Shang-biao AU - Zhang, Jing AU - Hua, Zheng-hui AU - Guo, Jia-gang AU - Lin, Dan-dan AU - Chen, Hong-gen AU - Peng, Gong AU - Feng, Zheng AD - Institute of Parasitic Diseases, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, WHO Collaborating Centre for Malaria, Schistosomiasis and Filariasis, Shanghai 200025. Y1 - 2002 PY - 2002 DA - 2002 SP - 205 EP - 208 VL - 20 IS - 4 SN - 1000-7423, 1000-7423 KW - Index Medicus KW - Sensitivity and Specificity KW - Environmental Monitoring KW - Animals KW - China KW - Snails KW - Satellite Communications UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/72846936?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Zhongguo+ji+sheng+chong+xue+yu+ji+sheng+chong+bing+za+zhi+%3D+Chinese+journal+of+parasitology+%26+parasitic+diseases&rft.atitle=Application+of+remote+sensing+for+surveillance+of+snail+habitats+in+Poyang+Lake%2C+China.&rft.au=Wu%2C+Wei-ping%3BDavis%2C+George%3BLiu%2C+Hong-yun%3BSeto%2C+Edmund%3BLu%2C+Shang-biao%3BZhang%2C+Jing%3BHua%2C+Zheng-hui%3BGuo%2C+Jia-gang%3BLin%2C+Dan-dan%3BChen%2C+Hong-gen%3BPeng%2C+Gong%3BFeng%2C+Zheng&rft.aulast=Wu&rft.aufirst=Wei-ping&rft.date=2002-01-01&rft.volume=20&rft.issue=4&rft.spage=205&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Zhongguo+ji+sheng+chong+xue+yu+ji+sheng+chong+bing+za+zhi+%3D+Chinese+journal+of+parasitology+%26+parasitic+diseases&rft.issn=10007423&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 2004-02-04 N1 - Date created - 2003-02-05 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Glutathione inhibits the antischistosomal activity of artemether. AN - 72843096; 12568021 AB - To observe the effect of reduced glutathione (GSH) and glutathione depleting agent 1-chloro-2,4-dinitrobenzene (CDNB) on the susceptibility of adult Schistosoma japonicum to artemether (Art) in combination with hemin in vitro. In vitro, malondialdehyde(MDA) levels were determined in five-week-old worms incubated without or with Art, hemin, GSH, and CDNB, either alone or in combination, for 24 h, and the remaining worms were continuously incubated up to 96 h for worm survival assessment. In vivo, GSH levels were determined in worms freshly recovered from mice 6, 12 and 24 h after treatment with Art 300 mg/kg. In vitro, GSH decreased the proportion of worms killed by Art plus hemin, but CDNB rendered the worms susceptible to the killing. The above-mentioned distinguishing features of GSH and CDNB were associated with their reverse effect on worm lipid peroxidation induced by Art-hemin system. In vivo, Art led to a slight decrease followed by a significant increase in the parasite GSH levels. GSH might play an important role in the defense of the worms against Art-generated toxic peroxides and free radicals. JF - Zhongguo ji sheng chong xue yu ji sheng chong bing za zhi = Chinese journal of parasitology & parasitic diseases AU - Zhai, Zi-li AU - Jiao, Pei-ying AU - Mei, Jing-yan AU - Xiao, Shu-hua AD - Institute of Parasitic Diseases, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, WHO Collaborating Centre for Malaria, Schistosomiasis and Filariasis, Shanghai 200025. Y1 - 2002 PY - 2002 DA - 2002 SP - 212 EP - 215 VL - 20 IS - 4 SN - 1000-7423, 1000-7423 KW - Artemisinins KW - 0 KW - Schistosomicides KW - Sesquiterpenes KW - Malondialdehyde KW - 4Y8F71G49Q KW - Hemin KW - 743LRP9S7N KW - artemether KW - C7D6T3H22J KW - Glutathione KW - GAN16C9B8O KW - Dinitrochlorobenzene KW - GE3IBT7BMN KW - Index Medicus KW - Malondialdehyde -- metabolism KW - Hemin -- pharmacology KW - Animals KW - Dinitrochlorobenzene -- pharmacology KW - Rabbits KW - Mice KW - Artemisinins -- pharmacology KW - Glutathione -- physiology KW - Schistosoma japonicum -- drug effects KW - Schistosomicides -- pharmacology KW - Schistosoma japonicum -- metabolism KW - Sesquiterpenes -- pharmacology KW - Glutathione -- pharmacology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/72843096?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Zhongguo+ji+sheng+chong+xue+yu+ji+sheng+chong+bing+za+zhi+%3D+Chinese+journal+of+parasitology+%26+parasitic+diseases&rft.atitle=Glutathione+inhibits+the+antischistosomal+activity+of+artemether.&rft.au=Zhai%2C+Zi-li%3BJiao%2C+Pei-ying%3BMei%2C+Jing-yan%3BXiao%2C+Shu-hua&rft.aulast=Zhai&rft.aufirst=Zi-li&rft.date=2002-01-01&rft.volume=20&rft.issue=4&rft.spage=212&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Zhongguo+ji+sheng+chong+xue+yu+ji+sheng+chong+bing+za+zhi+%3D+Chinese+journal+of+parasitology+%26+parasitic+diseases&rft.issn=10007423&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 2004-02-04 N1 - Date created - 2003-02-05 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Clean indoor air: where, why, and how. AN - 72801612; 12508507 AB - Clean indoor air policies are an effective way to eliminate exposure to second hand smoke and reduce smoking among youth and adults; they are strongly recommended by the Surgeon General and the Task Force on Community Preventive Services. How these policies are put into effect and at what level of government can make a difference. Legislation that preempts local action prevents communities from enacting more stringent laws or tailoring laws to address community-specific issues. Preemptive state laws also can be a barrier to local enforcement because communities not involved in decision making may be less aware of laws, may have no enforcement mechanism, and thus may be less complaint. Preemption is clearly a tobacco industry strategy to take away local control, usually in exchange for a weak law offering little protection from second hand smoke. As communities across the country continue to pass stronger local ordinances, eliminating preemptive laws becomes more important. During 2002, Delaware became the first state to repeal clean air preemption. In Iowa, the attorney general's office has been involved in the determination of whether the state clean air law prevents communities from passing more stringent ordinances. And although Minnesota's pioneer Clean Indoor Air Act does not preempt local laws, the debate over preemption there has not ended but instead has taken new forms. JF - The Journal of law, medicine & ethics : a journal of the American Society of Law, Medicine & Ethics AU - Henson, Rosemarie AU - Medina, Larry AU - St Clair, Steve AU - Blanke, Doug AU - Downs, Larry AU - Jordan, Jerelyn AD - Office on Smoking and Health, National Center for Chronic Disease Prevention and Health Promotion, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia, USA. Y1 - 2002 PY - 2002 DA - 2002 SP - 75 EP - 82 VL - 30 IS - 3 Suppl SN - 1073-1105, 1073-1105 KW - Tobacco Smoke Pollution KW - 0 KW - Health technology assessment KW - United States KW - Minnesota KW - United States Public Health Service KW - State Government KW - Humans KW - National Institutes of Health (U.S.) KW - Iowa KW - Tobacco Smoke Pollution -- prevention & control KW - Tobacco Smoke Pollution -- legislation & jurisprudence KW - Health Promotion -- methods KW - Air Pollution, Indoor -- legislation & jurisprudence KW - Public Health Administration -- legislation & jurisprudence KW - Social Control Policies -- legislation & jurisprudence KW - Air Pollution, Indoor -- prevention & control UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/72801612?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Journal+of+law%2C+medicine+%26+ethics+%3A+a+journal+of+the+American+Society+of+Law%2C+Medicine+%26+Ethics&rft.atitle=Clean+indoor+air%3A+where%2C+why%2C+and+how.&rft.au=Henson%2C+Rosemarie%3BMedina%2C+Larry%3BSt+Clair%2C+Steve%3BBlanke%2C+Doug%3BDowns%2C+Larry%3BJordan%2C+Jerelyn&rft.aulast=Henson&rft.aufirst=Rosemarie&rft.date=2002-01-01&rft.volume=30&rft.issue=3+Suppl&rft.spage=75&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=The+Journal+of+law%2C+medicine+%26+ethics+%3A+a+journal+of+the+American+Society+of+Law%2C+Medicine+%26+Ethics&rft.issn=10731105&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 2003-01-29 N1 - Date created - 2003-01-01 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Model-based estimates of risks of disease transmission and economic costs of seven injection devices in sub-Saharan Africa. AN - 72760691; 12481207 AB - To investigate and compare seven types of injection devices for their risks of iatrogenic transmission of bloodborne pathogens and their economic costs in sub-Saharan Africa. Risk assumptions for each device and cost models were constructed to estimate the number of new hepatitis B virus (HBV) and human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infections resulting from patient-to-patient, patient-to-health care worker, and patient-to-community transmission. Costs of device purchase and usage were derived from the literature, while costs of direct medical care and lost productivity from HBV and HIV disease were based on data collected in 1999 in Côte d'Ivoire, Ghana, and Uganda. Multivariate sensitivity analyses using Monte Carlo simulation characterized uncertainties in model parameters. Costs were summed from both the societal and health care system payer's perspectives. Resterilizable and disposable needles and syringes had the highest overall costs for device purchase, usage, and iatrogenic disease: median US dollars 26.77 and US dollars 25.29, respectively, per injection from the societal perspective. Disposable-cartridge jet injectors and automatic needle-shielding syringes had the lowest costs, US dollars 0.36 and US dollars 0.80, respectively. Reusable-nozzle jet injectors and auto-disable needle and syringes were intermediate, at US dollars 0.80 and US dollars 0.91, respectively, per injection. Despite their nominal purchase and usage costs, conventional needles and syringes carry a hidden but huge burden of iatrogenic disease. Alternative injection devices for the millions of injections administered annually in sub-Saharan Africa would be of value and should be considered by policy-makers in procurement decisions. JF - Bulletin of the World Health Organization AU - Ekwueme, Donatus U AU - Weniger, Bruce G AU - Chen, Robert T AD - National Immunization Program, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA, USA. dce3@cdc.gov Y1 - 2002 PY - 2002 DA - 2002 SP - 859 EP - 870 VL - 80 IS - 11 SN - 0042-9686, 0042-9686 KW - Index Medicus KW - Needles -- economics KW - Africa South of the Sahara -- epidemiology KW - Humans KW - Models, Statistical KW - Syringes -- virology KW - Risk Assessment -- economics KW - Needles -- virology KW - Injections, Jet -- economics KW - Health Care Costs KW - Cost of Illness KW - Syringes -- economics KW - Blood-Borne Pathogens KW - Injections, Jet -- adverse effects KW - Disposable Equipment -- economics KW - Iatrogenic Disease -- epidemiology KW - Disposable Equipment -- virology KW - Injections, Jet -- instrumentation KW - Injections -- instrumentation KW - HIV Infections -- transmission KW - Costs and Cost Analysis -- statistics & numerical data KW - Disease Transmission, Infectious -- economics KW - HIV Infections -- economics KW - Injections -- methods KW - Hepatitis B -- transmission KW - Hepatitis B -- prevention & control KW - Injections -- economics KW - Equipment Contamination -- economics KW - HIV Infections -- prevention & control KW - Injections -- adverse effects KW - Hepatitis B -- economics KW - HIV Infections -- epidemiology KW - Hepatitis B -- epidemiology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/72760691?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Bulletin+of+the+World+Health+Organization&rft.atitle=Model-based+estimates+of+risks+of+disease+transmission+and+economic+costs+of+seven+injection+devices+in+sub-Saharan+Africa.&rft.au=Ekwueme%2C+Donatus+U%3BWeniger%2C+Bruce+G%3BChen%2C+Robert+T&rft.aulast=Ekwueme&rft.aufirst=Donatus&rft.date=2002-01-01&rft.volume=80&rft.issue=11&rft.spage=859&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Bulletin+of+the+World+Health+Organization&rft.issn=00429686&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 2003-02-26 N1 - Date created - 2002-12-13 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Investigation of multistate foodborne disease outbreaks. AN - 72122828; 12297677 AB - The U.S. food supply is characterized increasingly by centralized production and wide distribution of products, and more foodborne disease outbreaks are dispersed over broad geographic areas. Such outbreaks may present as a gradual, diffuse, and initially unapparent increase in sporadic cases. Recognition and reporting by clinicians and local public health officials and the ordering of laboratory tests by clinicians continue to be cornerstones of detecting all outbreaks. New methods--such as active laboratory-based surveillance, automated algorithms for detecting increases in infection rates, and molecular subtyping--facilitate detection of diffuse outbreaks. Routines have evolved for the investigation of multistate outbreaks; they are characterized by rapid communication between local, state, and federal public health officials; timely review of epidemiologic data by expert panels; collaboration on tracebacks with food safety regulatory agencies; and communication with the public and media. Rapid, efficient investigation of multistate outbreaks may result in control of acute public health emergencies, identification and correction of hazardous food production and processing practices, and consequent improvement in food safety. JF - Public health reports (Washington, D.C. : 1974) AU - Sobel, Jeremy AU - Griffin, Patricia M AU - Slutsker, Laurence AU - Swerdlow, David L AU - Tauxe, Robert V AD - Foodborne and Diarrheal Diseases Branch, Division of Bacterial and Mycotic Diseases, National Center for Infectious Diseases, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA 30329, USA. jsobel@cdc.gov PY - 2002 SP - 8 EP - 19 VL - 117 IS - 1 SN - 0033-3549, 0033-3549 KW - Abridged Index Medicus KW - Index Medicus KW - Government Agencies -- organization & administration KW - Food Microbiology KW - Disease Notification KW - Humans KW - Food Contamination -- analysis KW - Communication KW - Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (U.S.) -- organization & administration KW - United States -- epidemiology KW - Mass Media KW - Food Inspection KW - Food Industry -- standards KW - Foodborne Diseases -- epidemiology KW - Disease Outbreaks -- prevention & control KW - Public Health Administration KW - Population Surveillance -- methods KW - Public Health Informatics UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/72122828?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Public+health+reports+%28Washington%2C+D.C.+%3A+1974%29&rft.atitle=Investigation+of+multistate+foodborne+disease+outbreaks.&rft.au=Sobel%2C+Jeremy%3BGriffin%2C+Patricia+M%3BSlutsker%2C+Laurence%3BSwerdlow%2C+David+L%3BTauxe%2C+Robert+V&rft.aulast=Sobel&rft.aufirst=Jeremy&rft.date=2002-01-01&rft.volume=117&rft.issue=1&rft.spage=8&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Public+health+reports+%28Washington%2C+D.C.+%3A+1974%29&rft.issn=00333549&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 2002-11-12 N1 - Date created - 2002-09-25 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Methods for a public health response to birth defects clusters. AN - 72104933; 12239745 AB - Few resources are available to guide public health officials in investigations of reported birth defects clusters. The majority of published resources focus on the investigation of cancer and infectious disease clusters and do not address clinical and epidemiologic concerns specific to birth defects research. This document aims to address these concerns, discuss the needs of the affected community, and provide suggestions for the development of a standardized protocol to be used as a guide in the investigation of birth defects clusters. We suggest that health departments and birth defects registries that may receive reports of birth defects clusters establish a protocol for responding that includes the following steps: develop a proactive plan for future birth defects cluster reports (step I), receive report of a birth defects cluster (step II), verify diagnoses and complete case ascertainment (step III), compare the observed rate to a reference rate (step IV), ascertain exposures among cases from available records (step V), interview case mothers (step VI), initiate further epidemiologic study-selection of controls (step VII), and communicate results to the community (step VIII). Specific criteria for continuing or terminating an investigation should be established before receiving cluster reports. The recommendations in this report should be carefully considered to ensure that the specific needs of the region, agency and affected community are met. Copyright 2002 Wiley-Liss, Inc. JF - Teratology AU - Williams, Laura J AU - Honein, Margaret A AU - Rasmussen, Sonja A AD - National Center on Birth Defects and Developmental Disabilities, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), 4770 Buford Highway NE, MS F-45, Atlanta, GA 30345, USA. Y1 - 2002 PY - 2002 DA - 2002 SP - S50 EP - S58 VL - 66 Suppl 1 SN - 0040-3709, 0040-3709 KW - Index Medicus KW - United States KW - Registries KW - Clinical Protocols -- standards KW - Epidemiologic Methods KW - Mothers KW - Humans KW - Environmental Exposure KW - Interviews as Topic KW - Public Policy KW - Female KW - Data Collection -- methods KW - Public Health -- methods KW - Congenital Abnormalities -- epidemiology KW - Cluster Analysis KW - Congenital Abnormalities -- diagnosis UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/72104933?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Teratology&rft.atitle=Methods+for+a+public+health+response+to+birth+defects+clusters.&rft.au=Williams%2C+Laura+J%3BHonein%2C+Margaret+A%3BRasmussen%2C+Sonja+A&rft.aulast=Williams&rft.aufirst=Laura&rft.date=2002-01-01&rft.volume=66+Suppl+1&rft.issue=&rft.spage=S50&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Teratology&rft.issn=00403709&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 2003-03-27 N1 - Date created - 2002-09-19 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - A multiple source methodology for the surveillance of fetal alcohol syndrome--The Fetal Alcohol Syndrome Surveillance Network (FASSNet). AN - 72104396; 12239744 JF - Teratology AU - Hymbaugh, Karen AU - Miller, Lisa A AU - Druschel, Charlotte M AU - Podvin, Danise W AU - Meaney, F John AU - Boyle, Coleen A AU - FASSNet Team AD - National Center on Birth Defects and Developmental Disabilities, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), 4770 Buford Highway NE, MS F-49, Atlanta, GA 30345, USA. kxh5@cdc.gov ; FASSNet Team Y1 - 2002 PY - 2002 DA - 2002 SP - S41 EP - S49 VL - 66 Suppl 1 SN - 0040-3709, 0040-3709 KW - Index Medicus KW - Goals KW - Arizona -- epidemiology KW - Humans KW - Alaska -- epidemiology KW - Child KW - New York -- epidemiology KW - Ethnic Groups -- statistics & numerical data KW - Pregnancy KW - Child, Preschool KW - Registries KW - Phenotype KW - Education KW - Program Evaluation KW - Data Collection KW - Colorado -- epidemiology KW - Female KW - Prevalence KW - Fetal Alcohol Spectrum Disorders -- epidemiology KW - Population Surveillance -- methods KW - Fetal Alcohol Spectrum Disorders -- diagnosis UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/72104396?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Teratology&rft.atitle=A+multiple+source+methodology+for+the+surveillance+of+fetal+alcohol+syndrome--The+Fetal+Alcohol+Syndrome+Surveillance+Network+%28FASSNet%29.&rft.au=Hymbaugh%2C+Karen%3BMiller%2C+Lisa+A%3BDruschel%2C+Charlotte+M%3BPodvin%2C+Danise+W%3BMeaney%2C+F+John%3BBoyle%2C+Coleen+A%3BFASSNet+Team&rft.aulast=Hymbaugh&rft.aufirst=Karen&rft.date=2002-01-01&rft.volume=66+Suppl+1&rft.issue=&rft.spage=S41&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Teratology&rft.issn=00403709&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 2003-03-27 N1 - Date created - 2002-09-19 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Overview: the epidemiology of neurodevelopmental disorders. AN - 72066618; 12216055 JF - Mental retardation and developmental disabilities research reviews AU - Yeargin-Allsopp, Marshalyn AU - Boyle, Coleen AD - The National Center on Birth Defects and Developmental Disabilities, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia 30341-3724, USA. mxy1@cdc.gov Y1 - 2002 PY - 2002 DA - 2002 SP - 113 EP - 116 VL - 8 IS - 3 SN - 1080-4013, 1080-4013 KW - Methylmercury Compounds KW - 0 KW - Lead KW - 2P299V784P KW - Index Medicus KW - Humans KW - Child KW - Developed Countries KW - Autistic Disorder -- epidemiology KW - Cerebral Palsy -- etiology KW - Comorbidity KW - Lead -- adverse effects KW - Attention Deficit Disorder with Hyperactivity -- epidemiology KW - Risk Factors KW - Methylmercury Compounds -- adverse effects KW - Congenital Abnormalities -- epidemiology KW - Developing Countries KW - Environmental Exposure -- adverse effects KW - Cerebral Palsy -- epidemiology KW - Epilepsy -- epidemiology KW - Spinal Dysraphism -- epidemiology KW - Prevalence KW - Intellectual Disability -- etiology KW - Central Nervous System Diseases -- epidemiology KW - Intellectual Disability -- epidemiology KW - Developmental Disabilities -- epidemiology KW - Intellectual Disability -- classification UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/72066618?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Mental+retardation+and+developmental+disabilities+research+reviews&rft.atitle=Overview%3A+the+epidemiology+of+neurodevelopmental+disorders.&rft.au=Yeargin-Allsopp%2C+Marshalyn%3BBoyle%2C+Coleen&rft.aulast=Yeargin-Allsopp&rft.aufirst=Marshalyn&rft.date=2002-01-01&rft.volume=8&rft.issue=3&rft.spage=113&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Mental+retardation+and+developmental+disabilities+research+reviews&rft.issn=10804013&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 2002-10-03 N1 - Date created - 2002-09-06 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Past and future perspectives in autism epidemiology. AN - 71953567; 12142933 JF - Molecular psychiatry AU - Yeargin-Allsopp, M AD - National Center on Birth Defects and Developmental Disabilities, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA 30341, USA. mxyl@CDC.GOV Y1 - 2002 PY - 2002 DA - 2002 SP - S9 EP - S11 VL - 7 Suppl 2 SN - 1359-4184, 1359-4184 KW - Index Medicus KW - Humans KW - Child KW - Child, Preschool KW - Intelligence KW - Cohort Studies KW - Environmental Exposure KW - France -- epidemiology KW - Sweden -- epidemiology KW - Forecasting KW - Adolescent KW - United States -- epidemiology KW - Female KW - Male KW - Prevalence KW - Autistic Disorder -- epidemiology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/71953567?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Molecular+psychiatry&rft.atitle=Past+and+future+perspectives+in+autism+epidemiology.&rft.au=Yeargin-Allsopp%2C+M&rft.aulast=Yeargin-Allsopp&rft.aufirst=M&rft.date=2002-01-01&rft.volume=7+Suppl+2&rft.issue=&rft.spage=S9&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Molecular+psychiatry&rft.issn=13594184&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 2003-02-07 N1 - Date created - 2002-07-26 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Assessment of dengue risk in relief workers in Puerto Rico after Hurricane Georges, 1998. AN - 71942975; 12135265 AB - Health risk assessment is important in the safe deployment of workers to tropical areas. We monitored dengue incidence in 204 of 222 North American relief workers visiting Puerto Rico after Hurricane Georges and during a dengue epidemic in 1998. We recorded information regarding participants' living conditions and any illness they experienced from arrival to 2 weeks after their departure. Virus isolation, polymerase chain reaction, and serological tests for anti-dengue immunoglobulin (Ig) M and IgG antibodies were used to diagnose dengue infection by means of departure and follow-up serum specimens. Among respondents, 82% (164 of 199) reported mosquito bites, 97% (156 of 161) reported having insect repellent available, and 41% (79 of 195) reported using repellent every day. Twelve participants reported a mild denguelike illness. No participants had laboratory evidence of dengue infection after 1.8 person-years of assessable exposure to areas with dengue transmission (upper 95% confidence limit of 1.67 cases per person-year). The risk of acquiring dengue among relief workers in this study appears low, possibly as a result of protective factors. Travelers to dengue-endemic areas should continue to be advised to protect themselves against mosquito bites. JF - The American journal of tropical medicine and hygiene AU - O'Leary, Daniel R AU - Rigau-Pérez, José G AU - Hayes, Edward B AU - Vorndam, A Vance AU - Clark, Gary G AU - Gubler, Duane J AD - Division of Vector-Borne Infectious Diseases, National Centers for Infectious Diseases, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Fort Collins, Colorado 80521, USA. rld4@cdc.gov Y1 - 2002/01// PY - 2002 DA - January 2002 SP - 35 EP - 39 VL - 66 IS - 1 SN - 0002-9637, 0002-9637 KW - Antibodies, Viral KW - 0 KW - DNA, Viral KW - Insect Repellents KW - Abridged Index Medicus KW - Index Medicus KW - Animals KW - Humans KW - Seroepidemiologic Studies KW - Insect Bites and Stings KW - Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction KW - Antibodies, Viral -- blood KW - Adult KW - Surveys and Questionnaires KW - DNA, Viral -- blood KW - Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay KW - Middle Aged KW - Puerto Rico -- epidemiology KW - Female KW - Male KW - Dengue Virus -- growth & development KW - Relief Work KW - Disasters KW - Dengue -- epidemiology KW - Dengue Virus -- genetics KW - Dengue -- prevention & control UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/71942975?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+American+journal+of+tropical+medicine+and+hygiene&rft.atitle=Assessment+of+dengue+risk+in+relief+workers+in+Puerto+Rico+after+Hurricane+Georges%2C+1998.&rft.au=O%27Leary%2C+Daniel+R%3BRigau-P%C3%A9rez%2C+Jos%C3%A9+G%3BHayes%2C+Edward+B%3BVorndam%2C+A+Vance%3BClark%2C+Gary+G%3BGubler%2C+Duane+J&rft.aulast=O%27Leary&rft.aufirst=Daniel&rft.date=2002-01-01&rft.volume=66&rft.issue=1&rft.spage=35&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=The+American+journal+of+tropical+medicine+and+hygiene&rft.issn=00029637&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 2002-08-06 N1 - Date created - 2002-07-23 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Quantification of monohydroxy-PAH metabolites in urine by solid-phase extraction with isotope dilution-GC-MS. AN - 71584395; 11939197 AB - For measurement of biomarkers from polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon (PAH) exposure, an analytical method is described quantifying hydroxylated PAH (OH-PAH) in urine samples. This method determined monohydroxy metabolites of naphthalene, fluorene, phenanthrene, fluoranthene, pyrene, chrysene, benzo[c]phenanthrene, and benz[a]anthracene. The sample preparation consisted of enzymatic hydrolysis, solid-phase extraction and derivatization with a silylating reagent. Five carbon-13 labeled standards were used for isotope dilution. Analytes were separated by gas chromatography (GC) and quantified with high-resolution mass spectrometry (HRMS). This method produced good recoveries (41-70%), linearity, and specificity. Data were corrected for blank levels from the naphthalene, fluorene, and phenanthrene metabolites. Method detection limits ranged from 2 ng L(-1) for 1-hydroxypyrene to 43.5 ng L(-1) for 1-hydroxynaphthalene. Using quality control charts from two urine pools, the method can be readily applied to biomonitoring PAH exposure. JF - Analytical and bioanalytical chemistry AU - Smith, Christopher J AU - Huang, Wenlin AU - Walcott, Charisse J AU - Turner, Wayman AU - Grainger, James AU - Patterson, Donald G AD - Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA 30341, USA. cps6@cdc.gov Y1 - 2002/01// PY - 2002 DA - January 2002 SP - 216 EP - 220 VL - 372 IS - 1 SN - 1618-2642, 1618-2642 KW - Fluorenes KW - 0 KW - Naphthalenes KW - Phenanthrenes KW - Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons KW - Pyrenes KW - naphthalene KW - 2166IN72UN KW - fluorene KW - 3Q2UY0968A KW - phenanthrene KW - 448J8E5BST KW - 1-hydroxypyrene KW - N2H6O5V707 KW - Index Medicus KW - Occupational Exposure KW - Phenanthrenes -- analysis KW - Pyrenes -- analysis KW - Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry -- methods KW - Humans KW - Reference Standards KW - Naphthalenes -- analysis KW - Hydrolysis KW - Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid KW - Fluorenes -- analysis KW - Isotope Labeling -- methods KW - Mass Spectrometry -- methods KW - Time Factors KW - Environmental Monitoring -- methods KW - Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons -- urine UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/71584395?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Analytical+and+bioanalytical+chemistry&rft.atitle=Quantification+of+monohydroxy-PAH+metabolites+in+urine+by+solid-phase+extraction+with+isotope+dilution-GC-MS.&rft.au=Smith%2C+Christopher+J%3BHuang%2C+Wenlin%3BWalcott%2C+Charisse+J%3BTurner%2C+Wayman%3BGrainger%2C+James%3BPatterson%2C+Donald+G&rft.aulast=Smith&rft.aufirst=Christopher&rft.date=2002-01-01&rft.volume=372&rft.issue=1&rft.spage=216&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Analytical+and+bioanalytical+chemistry&rft.issn=16182642&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 2002-07-23 N1 - Date created - 2002-04-09 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Quantitation of organophosphorus nerve agent metabolites in human urine using isotope dilution gas chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry. AN - 71509994; 11888020 AB - An isotope dilution gas chromatography-tandem mass spectrometric (GC-MS-MS) method was developed for quantitating the urinary metabolites of the organophosphorus nerve agents sarin, soman, tabun (GA), VX, and GF. Urine samples were concentrated by codistillation with acetonitrile, derivatized by methylation with diazomethane, and analyzed by GC-MS-MS. The limits of detection were less than 4 microg/L for all the analytes except for the GA metabolite, which had a limit of detection of less than 20 microg/L. JF - Journal of analytical toxicology AU - Driskell, W Jack AU - Shih, Ming AU - Needham, Larry L AU - Barr, Dana B AD - Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, National Center for Environmental Health, Atlanta, Georgia 30341, USA. wjd1@cdc.gov PY - 2002 SP - 6 EP - 10 VL - 26 IS - 1 SN - 0146-4760, 0146-4760 KW - Chemical Warfare Agents KW - 0 KW - Indicators and Reagents KW - Organophosphorus Compounds KW - Index Medicus KW - Reproducibility of Results KW - Humans KW - Reference Standards KW - Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry KW - Calibration KW - Radioisotope Dilution Technique KW - Quality Control KW - Organophosphorus Compounds -- urine KW - Chemical Warfare Agents -- analysis UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/71509994?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+analytical+toxicology&rft.atitle=Quantitation+of+organophosphorus+nerve+agent+metabolites+in+human+urine+using+isotope+dilution+gas+chromatography-tandem+mass+spectrometry.&rft.au=Driskell%2C+W+Jack%3BShih%2C+Ming%3BNeedham%2C+Larry+L%3BBarr%2C+Dana+B&rft.aulast=Driskell&rft.aufirst=W&rft.date=2002-01-01&rft.volume=26&rft.issue=1&rft.spage=6&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+analytical+toxicology&rft.issn=01464760&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 2002-08-26 N1 - Date created - 2002-03-12 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - The Youth Risk Behavior Surveillance System: updating policy and program applications. AN - 71480075; 11865793 AB - To monitor behaviors that place adolescents at increased risk for premature morbidity and mortality, the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention developed the Youth Risk Behavior Surveillance System (YRBSS). This system measures six categories of behaviors, including behaviors that contribute to violence and unintentional injuries; tobacco use; alcohol and other drug use; sexual behaviors that contribute to unintended pregnancy and sexually transmitted diseases, including HIV infection; unhealthy dietary behaviors; and inadequate physical activity. This article summarizes how some education and health agencies and nongovernmental organizations, in collaboration with community agencies, school boards, parents, and youth, use YRBSS data to describe risk behaviors, create awareness, supplement staff development, set and monitor program goals, develop health education programs, support health-related legislation, and seek funding. Ways in which YRBSS data are distributed electronically also are summarized. JF - The Journal of school health AU - Sussman, Michele P AU - Jones, Sherry Everett AU - Wilson, Todd W AU - Kann, Laura AD - Division of Adolescent and School Health, National Center for Chronic Disease Prevention and Health Promotion, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, 4770 Buford Highway, NE, MS K-33, Atlanta, GA 30341-3724, USA. sce2@cdc.gov Y1 - 2002/01// PY - 2002 DA - January 2002 SP - 13 EP - 17 VL - 72 IS - 1 SN - 0022-4391, 0022-4391 KW - Index Medicus KW - Nursing KW - United States KW - Sexual Behavior KW - Violence -- statistics & numerical data KW - Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (U.S.) KW - Violence -- prevention & control KW - Humans KW - Awareness KW - Smoking -- prevention & control KW - Exercise KW - Adolescent KW - Smoking -- epidemiology KW - Substance-Related Disorders -- prevention & control KW - Substance-Related Disorders -- epidemiology KW - Adolescent Behavior KW - Risk-Taking KW - Population Surveillance KW - Health Promotion UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/71480075?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Journal+of+school+health&rft.atitle=The+Youth+Risk+Behavior+Surveillance+System%3A+updating+policy+and+program+applications.&rft.au=Sussman%2C+Michele+P%3BJones%2C+Sherry+Everett%3BWilson%2C+Todd+W%3BKann%2C+Laura&rft.aulast=Sussman&rft.aufirst=Michele&rft.date=2002-01-01&rft.volume=72&rft.issue=1&rft.spage=13&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=The+Journal+of+school+health&rft.issn=00224391&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 2002-08-19 N1 - Date created - 2002-02-27 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Safety of implantable contraceptives for women: data from observational studies. AN - 71478292; 11861058 AB - Contraceptive implants are registered in over 60 countries and have been used by millions of women for three decades. This article reviews findings from observational studies on the safety of contraceptive implants and examines the risk of specific health outcomes. Fifty-five articles were reviewed, and the body of evidence for each health outcome was summarized. Available evidence suggests that contraceptive implants are safe and, overall, implant users do not experience adverse events at rates higher than women not using implants. With respect to specific outcomes, the evidence suggests no increased risks of pelvic inflammatory disease, decreased bone mineral density, anemia, thrombocytopenia, or death with implant use. The evidence was too limited to draw meaningful conclusions for neoplastic disease, cardiovascular events, and HIV/AIDS. Nonsignificantly elevated associations were reported for diabetes, serious mental disorders, and rheumatoid arthritis. Conditions for which risks were marginally, yet significantly, elevated were hypertension and gall bladder disease. JF - Contraception AU - Curtis, Kathryn M AD - Division of Reproductive Health, National Center for Chronic Disease Prevention and Health Promotion, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA, USA. kmc6@cdc.gov Y1 - 2002/01// PY - 2002 DA - January 2002 SP - 85 EP - 96 VL - 65 IS - 1 SN - 0010-7824, 0010-7824 KW - Contraceptive Agents, Female KW - 0 KW - Drug Implants KW - Index Medicus KW - Mortality KW - Pelvic Inflammatory Disease -- chemically induced KW - Diabetes Mellitus -- chemically induced KW - Humans KW - Gallbladder Diseases -- chemically induced KW - Bone Density -- drug effects KW - Controlled Clinical Trials as Topic KW - Hematologic Diseases -- chemically induced KW - Hypertension -- chemically induced KW - Neoplasms -- chemically induced KW - Cohort Studies KW - HIV Infections -- chemically induced KW - Female KW - Neurocognitive Disorders -- chemically induced KW - Contraceptive Agents, Female -- adverse effects UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/71478292?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Contraception&rft.atitle=Safety+of+implantable+contraceptives+for+women%3A+data+from+observational+studies.&rft.au=Curtis%2C+Kathryn+M&rft.aulast=Curtis&rft.aufirst=Kathryn&rft.date=2002-01-01&rft.volume=65&rft.issue=1&rft.spage=85&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Contraception&rft.issn=00107824&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 2002-05-30 N1 - Date created - 2002-02-25 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Effectiveness of a closed-system device in containing surface contamination with cyclophosphamide and ifosfamide in an i.v. admixture area. AN - 71412387; 11813470 JF - American journal of health-system pharmacy : AJHP : official journal of the American Society of Health-System Pharmacists AU - Connor, Thomas H AU - Anderson, Roger W AU - Sessink, Paul J AU - Spivey, Susan M AD - Robert A. Taft Laboratories, National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (MS-C23), 4676 Columbia Parkway, Cincinnati, OH 45226, USA. twc6@cdc.gov Y1 - 2002/01/01/ PY - 2002 DA - 2002 Jan 01 SP - 68 EP - 72 VL - 59 IS - 1 SN - 1079-2082, 1079-2082 KW - Antineoplastic Agents KW - 0 KW - Cyclophosphamide KW - 8N3DW7272P KW - Fluorouracil KW - U3P01618RT KW - Ifosfamide KW - UM20QQM95Y KW - Index Medicus KW - Environmental Monitoring KW - Equipment Design KW - Infusions, Intravenous KW - Humans KW - Pharmacists KW - Fluorouracil -- adverse effects KW - Occupational Exposure -- prevention & control KW - Ifosfamide -- adverse effects KW - Cyclophosphamide -- adverse effects KW - Antineoplastic Agents -- adverse effects UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/71412387?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=American+journal+of+health-system+pharmacy+%3A+AJHP+%3A+official+journal+of+the+American+Society+of+Health-System+Pharmacists&rft.atitle=Effectiveness+of+a+closed-system+device+in+containing+surface+contamination+with+cyclophosphamide+and+ifosfamide+in+an+i.v.+admixture+area.&rft.au=Connor%2C+Thomas+H%3BAnderson%2C+Roger+W%3BSessink%2C+Paul+J%3BSpivey%2C+Susan+M&rft.aulast=Connor&rft.aufirst=Thomas&rft.date=2002-01-01&rft.volume=59&rft.issue=1&rft.spage=68&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=American+journal+of+health-system+pharmacy+%3A+AJHP+%3A+official+journal+of+the+American+Society+of+Health-System+Pharmacists&rft.issn=10792082&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 2002-07-24 N1 - Date created - 2002-01-29 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Use of highly active antiretroviral therapy in HIV-infected women: impact of HIV specialist care. AN - 71359637; 11782593 AB - To evaluate factors associated with use of HIV specialist care by women, and to determine whether medical indications for therapy validate lower rates of antiretroviral use in women not using HIV specialty care. Cross-sectional analysis of the 1998 interview from the HIV Epidemiology Research Study (HERS) cohort. Data from 273 HIV-infected women in the HERS were analyzed by multiple logistic regression to calculate predictors of the use of HIV specialist care providers. Variables included study site, age, education, insurance status, income, substance abuse, depression, AIDS diagnosis, CD4 + lymphocyte count, and HIV-1 viral load. In addition, medical indications for therapy and medical advice to begin antiretroviral therapy were assessed. Of 273 women, 222 (81%) used HIV specialists and 51 (19%) did not. Having health insurance, not being an injection drug user, and being depressed were predictive of using HIV specialist care (all p < or = .05). Although medical indications for therapy in the two groups were comparable, the rate of highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART) use was significantly higher in women using HIV specialist care (27%) compared with those not using HIV specialists (7.8%). Women using HIV specialists received significantly more advice to begin antiretroviral therapy (ART) in the 6 months prior to the interview compared with those not using specialists (relative risk, 2.4; 95% CI = 1.3-4.6). Having insurance, not being an injection drug user, and being depressed all increased the likelihood of women receiving HIV specialty care, which, in turn, increased the likelihood of receiving recommended therapies. The level of HAART use (23%) and any ART use (47%) in these HIV-infected women was disturbingly low. Despite comparable medical indications, fewer women obtaining care from other than HIV specialists received HAART. These data indicate substantial gaps in access to HIV specialist care and thereby to currently recommended antiretroviral treatment. JF - Journal of acquired immune deficiency syndromes (1999) AU - Gardner, Lytt I AU - Holmberg, Scott D AU - Moore, Janet AU - Arnsten, Julia H AU - Mayer, Kenneth H AU - Rompalo, Anne AU - Schuman, Paula AU - Smith, Dawn K AU - HIV Epidemiology Research Study Group AD - Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia 30333, USA. lig0@cdc.gov ; HIV Epidemiology Research Study Group Y1 - 2002/01/01/ PY - 2002 DA - 2002 Jan 01 SP - 69 EP - 75 VL - 29 IS - 1 SN - 1525-4135, 1525-4135 KW - Anti-HIV Agents KW - 0 KW - Index Medicus KW - AIDS/HIV KW - United States KW - Odds Ratio KW - Depression KW - Humans KW - Substance Abuse, Intravenous -- epidemiology KW - CD4 Lymphocyte Count KW - Socioeconomic Factors KW - Drug Therapy, Combination KW - Pneumonia, Pneumocystis -- prevention & control KW - Cross-Sectional Studies KW - Suburban Population KW - Adult KW - Cohort Studies KW - Insurance, Health KW - Surveys and Questionnaires KW - Antiretroviral Therapy, Highly Active KW - Middle Aged KW - Adolescent KW - Female KW - Anti-HIV Agents -- therapeutic use KW - HIV Infections -- drug therapy KW - Physician's Role KW - Needs Assessment KW - HIV Infections -- epidemiology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/71359637?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+acquired+immune+deficiency+syndromes+%281999%29&rft.atitle=Use+of+highly+active+antiretroviral+therapy+in+HIV-infected+women%3A+impact+of+HIV+specialist+care.&rft.au=Gardner%2C+Lytt+I%3BHolmberg%2C+Scott+D%3BMoore%2C+Janet%3BArnsten%2C+Julia+H%3BMayer%2C+Kenneth+H%3BRompalo%2C+Anne%3BSchuman%2C+Paula%3BSmith%2C+Dawn+K%3BHIV+Epidemiology+Research+Study+Group&rft.aulast=Gardner&rft.aufirst=Lytt&rft.date=2002-01-01&rft.volume=29&rft.issue=1&rft.spage=69&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+acquired+immune+deficiency+syndromes+%281999%29&rft.issn=15254135&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 2002-02-21 N1 - Date created - 2002-01-09 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Radiation dose estimation for epidemiologic studies of flight attendants. AN - 71345953; 11757053 AB - NIOSH is conducting health studies of female flight attendants. Exposures of interest include cosmic radiation and circadian rhythm disruption, however, the data needed to estimate cumulative radiation dose are not found in work histories. We developed an algorithm to generate from work histories the required input data for Federal Aviation Administration radiation estimation software and evaluated whether effects of cumulative radiation dose could be distinguished analytically from effects of circadian rhythm disruption. The algorithm has relatively low bias (< 6%) for longer flights, which contribute most to cumulative radiation dose. In one NIOSH study, 44 crew incurred an estimated average annual occupational dose of 1.5-1.7 mSv. Selection of a study population flying predominantly North-South flights can provide the necessary distinction between radiation and time zone crossing exposures. Methods developed will be useful for exposure assessment in cabin crew studies with relatively short study periods, (e.g., reproductive health studies) for which limited flight history details are generally available. Copyright 2002 Wiley-Liss, Inc. JF - American journal of industrial medicine AU - Grajewski, Barbara AU - Waters, Martha A AU - Whelan, Elizabeth A AU - Bloom, Thomas F AD - National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, Cincinnati, Ohio 45226, USA. BAG2@CDC.GOV Y1 - 2002/01// PY - 2002 DA - January 2002 SP - 27 EP - 37 VL - 41 IS - 1 SN - 0271-3586, 0271-3586 KW - Index Medicus KW - Travel KW - Radiation Dosage KW - Altitude KW - Circadian Rhythm KW - Humans KW - Aerospace Medicine KW - Epidemiologic Research Design KW - Female KW - Aircraft KW - Cosmic Radiation KW - Algorithms KW - Occupational Exposure -- analysis UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/71345953?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=American+journal+of+industrial+medicine&rft.atitle=Radiation+dose+estimation+for+epidemiologic+studies+of+flight+attendants.&rft.au=Grajewski%2C+Barbara%3BWaters%2C+Martha+A%3BWhelan%2C+Elizabeth+A%3BBloom%2C+Thomas+F&rft.aulast=Grajewski&rft.aufirst=Barbara&rft.date=2002-01-01&rft.volume=41&rft.issue=1&rft.spage=27&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=American+journal+of+industrial+medicine&rft.issn=02713586&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 2002-02-14 N1 - Date created - 2001-12-28 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - CPAPER T1 - An Examination of Midlife Sexual Behavior, Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System (BRFSS) 1997-2000 T2 - Southern Sociological Society AN - 61736499; 2002S40578 AB - There have been over 200,000 AIDS cases diagnosed in adults aged 40-49, yet risky sexual behavior is an issue often overlooked among middle-aged & older adults. The purpose of this study was to assess the prevalence of HIV-related risk behaviors for respondents aged 40-49 years. Data come from the BRFSS, an on-going, state-based general population survey of US adults. Questions on sexual behavior were used in selected states from 1997-2000. Data were aggregated across states over the four-year period (N=29,063). Weighted prevalence estimates were calculated for HIV risk measures & examined by gender & by race/ethnicity using SPSS/SUDAAN. The majority of adults in their 40s did not engage in risky sexual behavior (eg, 81% of men & women reported only one sex partner in the previous 12 months). When asked if any high-risk situations applied (eg, IDU, STDs, HIV+, anal sex without a condom), only 3% of men & 2.5% of women answered yes. Areas of concern, however, are noted (eg, 13% of Black men & 16% of Hispanic men did not know if condoms were effective in preventing HIV). The findings describe subpopulations of adults aged 40-49 who could be targeted for education & prevention efforts. JF - Southern Sociological Society AU - Mack, Karin A AU - Holtzman, Deborah AU - Zablotsky, Diane L Y1 - 2002///0, PY - 2002 DA - 0, 2002 KW - Risk KW - Sexual Behavior KW - Black Americans KW - Prevention KW - Hispanic Americans KW - Males KW - Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndrome KW - Sex Differences KW - Females KW - Racial Differences KW - Middle Aged Adults KW - proceeding KW - 1940: the family and socialization; sociology of sexual behavior KW - 2045: sociology of health and medicine; sociology of medicine & health care UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/61736499?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Asocabs&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=conference&rft.jtitle=Southern+Sociological+Society&rft.atitle=An+Examination+of+Midlife+Sexual+Behavior%2C+Behavioral+Risk+Factor+Surveillance+System+%28BRFSS%29+1997-2000&rft.au=Mack%2C+Karin+A%3BHoltzman%2C+Deborah%3BZablotsky%2C+Diane+L&rft.aulast=Mack&rft.aufirst=Karin&rft.date=2002-01-01&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Southern+Sociological+Society&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - Sociological Abstracts N1 - Date revised - 2009-03-10 N1 - Publication note - 2002 N1 - Last updated - 2016-09-28 ER - TY - CPAPER T1 - Use of Qualitative and Quantitative Data Collection in the Study of Coerced Sex by an Intimate Partner: Discrepancies in Women's Self Reports of Victimization T2 - Southern Sociological Society AN - 61724650; 2002S40394 AB - This paper is based on data collected from a sub-sample of 41 women identified from a 1997 nationally representative telephone survey. Approximately 600 women participated in the quantitative telephone survey & were asked if they had experienced seven different types of sexual coercion by an intimate partner. Of that sample, 41 women were called back & participated in in-depth interviews about the same topic. Findings reveal some discrepancies in self reports between the quantitative surveys & qualitative interviews. Most often, women revealed experiences with coercion in the qualitative interview that they had not previously revealed in the telephone survey. In a few cases, victimization reported in the quantitative survey was later denied in the in-depth interview. This paper discusses the discrepancies in detail & describes the advantages of each type of data collection. Finally, the author makes a case for the benefits of using both quantitative & qualitative data collection, particularly with a sensitive topic such as sexual victimization. JF - Southern Sociological Society AU - Basile, Kathleen C Y1 - 2002///0, PY - 2002 DA - 0, 2002 KW - Methodology (Data Collection) KW - Self Disclosure KW - Family Violence KW - Females KW - Qualitative Methods KW - Victimization KW - Quantitative Methods KW - Sexual Coercion KW - proceeding KW - 2190: social problems and social welfare; victimology (rape, family violence, & child abuse) UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/61724650?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Asocabs&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=conference&rft.jtitle=Southern+Sociological+Society&rft.atitle=Use+of+Qualitative+and+Quantitative+Data+Collection+in+the+Study+of+Coerced+Sex+by+an+Intimate+Partner%3A+Discrepancies+in+Women%27s+Self+Reports+of+Victimization&rft.au=Basile%2C+Kathleen+C&rft.aulast=Basile&rft.aufirst=Kathleen&rft.date=2002-01-01&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Southern+Sociological+Society&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - Sociological Abstracts N1 - Date revised - 2009-03-10 N1 - Publication note - 2002 N1 - Last updated - 2016-09-28 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Presenting the Female Condom to Men: A Dyadic Analysis of Effect of the Woman's Approach AN - 61485970; 200205469 AB - Although male partner resistance to female condom use has been reported, little is understood about circumstances under which partners will agree to female condom use. This study documents the experiences of couples who have worked together to achieve female condom use. As part of a prospective female condom efficacy study, female participants (aged 18-34) received a behavioral intervention & an assortment of take home items. Selected women & their partners were recruited for a qualitative interview focusing on their experience with the female condom. Interviews were transcribed, double-coded, & verified using a standard retrieval coding system. Twenty-six pairs of linked interviews were analyzed by dyad: 9 couples who used the female condom "consistently," 12 "experimenters," & 5 "nonusers." Women who successfully promoted the female condom to their partners used multiple presentation strategies. Initial male partner reaction did not predict continued use beyond the first trial. In conclusion, employment of multiple strategies facilitates successful introduction of the female condom into a sexual partnership. 24 References. Adapted from the source document. JF - Women and Health AU - Penman-Aguilar, Ana AU - Hall, Jeffrey AU - Artz, Lynn AU - Crawford, Myra A AU - Peacock, Nadine AU - van Olphen, Juliana AU - Parker, Lutissa AU - Macaluso, Maurizio AD - c/o Macaluso -- Division Reproductive Health, Centers Disease Control & Prevention, Atlanta, GA Y1 - 2002///0, PY - 2002 DA - 0, 2002 SP - 37 EP - 51 VL - 35 IS - 1 SN - 0363-0242, 0363-0242 KW - Couples KW - Condoms KW - Sexual Behavior KW - Opposite Sex Relations KW - Females KW - Alabama KW - article KW - 6140: illness & health care UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/61485970?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Asocialservices&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Women+and+Health&rft.atitle=Presenting+the+Female+Condom+to+Men%3A+A+Dyadic+Analysis+of+Effect+of+the+Woman%27s+Approach&rft.au=Penman-Aguilar%2C+Ana%3BHall%2C+Jeffrey%3BArtz%2C+Lynn%3BCrawford%2C+Myra+A%3BPeacock%2C+Nadine%3Bvan+Olphen%2C+Juliana%3BParker%2C+Lutissa%3BMacaluso%2C+Maurizio&rft.aulast=Penman-Aguilar&rft.aufirst=Ana&rft.date=2002-01-01&rft.volume=35&rft.issue=1&rft.spage=37&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Women+and+Health&rft.issn=03630242&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - Social Services Abstracts N1 - Date revised - 2007-05-01 N1 - Last updated - 2016-09-28 N1 - CODEN - WOHEDI N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Females; Condoms; Couples; Sexual Behavior; Opposite Sex Relations; Alabama ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Comparison of the Reservoir Competence of Medium-Sized Mammals and Peromyscus leucopus for Anaplasma phagocytophilum in Connecticut AN - 18953160; 5737941 AB - In the northeastern United States, Anaplasma phagocytophilum, the agent of human granulocytic ehrlichiosis (HGE), is transmitted by the tick vector Ixodes scapularis. The white-footed mouse Peromyscus leucopus is a competent reservoir for this agent, but the reservoir competence of non-Peromyscus hosts of I. scapularis has not been studied. Here, we report data confirming reservoir competence of medium-sized mammals for A. phagocytophilum. Raccoons, Virginia opossums, gray squirrels, and striped skunks were live-trapped in June-August of 1998-1999 at two locations in Connecticut. Captured animals were kept for several days at the laboratory in wire-mesh cages over water to allow naturally attached ticks to drop off. Samples of blood and serum were taken from each animal prior to its release at the site of capture. Engorged ticks collected from each animal were allowed to molt. Resulting I. scapularis nymphs and adults were tested for the presence of A. phagocytophilum DNA by polymerase chain reaction, as were the blood samples from the animals. A. phagocytophilum DNA was detected in the blood of >10% of the raccoons tested. Raccoons, opossums, squirrels, and skunks produced adult I. scapularis infected with the agent of HGE. Prevalence of infection was the highest in adult ticks fed as nymphs upon raccoons (23%) and the lowest in those fed upon skunks and opossums (5-7%). The agent was present in nymphal I. scapularis fed as larvae upon raccoons and squirrels, but not in ticks fed upon skunks or opossums. We also tested the ability of I. scapularis to transmit A. phagocytophilum to laboratory-reared white-footed mice after acquiring it from medium-sized mammals. Ticks that acquired the agent from raccoons and squirrels successfully transmitted it to mice. Thus, raccoons and gray squirrels are reservoir-competent for the agent of HGE - they become naturally infected, and are capable of transmitting the infection to feeding ticks. JF - Vector Borne and Zoonotic Diseases AU - Levin, M L AU - Nicholson, W L AU - Massung, R F AU - Sumner, J W AU - Fish, D AD - Viral and Rickettsial Zoonoses Branch, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, MS-G13, 1600 Clifton Road, Atlanta, GA 30333, USA, MLevin@cdc.gov Y1 - 2002 PY - 2002 DA - 2002 SP - 125 EP - 136 VL - 2 IS - 3 SN - 1530-3667, 1530-3667 KW - Deer tick KW - White-footed mouse KW - opossums KW - raccoons KW - skunks KW - squirels KW - Microbiology Abstracts B: Bacteriology KW - Competence KW - USA, Connecticut KW - Peromyscus leucopus KW - Anaplasma phagocytophilum KW - Disease reservoirs KW - Polymerase chain reaction KW - Ehrlichiosis KW - Ixodes scapularis KW - J 02862:Infection UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/18953160?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologyb&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Vector+Borne+and+Zoonotic+Diseases&rft.atitle=Comparison+of+the+Reservoir+Competence+of+Medium-Sized+Mammals+and+Peromyscus+leucopus+for+Anaplasma+phagocytophilum+in+Connecticut&rft.au=Levin%2C+M+L%3BNicholson%2C+W+L%3BMassung%2C+R+F%3BSumner%2C+J+W%3BFish%2C+D&rft.aulast=Levin&rft.aufirst=M&rft.date=2002-01-01&rft.volume=2&rft.issue=3&rft.spage=125&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Vector+Borne+and+Zoonotic+Diseases&rft.issn=15303667&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Last updated - 2015-03-24 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Competence; Disease reservoirs; Polymerase chain reaction; Ehrlichiosis; Peromyscus leucopus; Anaplasma phagocytophilum; Ixodes scapularis; USA, Connecticut ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Q Fever in Humans and Animals in the United States AN - 18951731; 5737946 AB - Coxiella burnetii, the etiologic agent of Q fever, is a worldwide zoonotic pathogen. Although Q fever is present in the United States, little is known about its current incidence or geographic distribution in either humans or animals. Published reports of national disease surveillance, individual cases, outbreak investigations, and serologic surveys were reviewed to better characterize Q fever epidemiology in the United States. In national disease surveillance reports for 1948-1986, 1,396 human cases were reported from almost every state. Among published individual case reports and outbreak investigations, occupational exposures (research facilities, farm environments, slaughterhouses) were commonly reported, and sheep were most frequently implicated as a possible source of infection. In studies conducted on specific groups, livestock handlers had a significantly higher prevalence of antibodies to C. burnetii than did persons with no known risk. Animal studies showed wide variation in seroprevalence, with goats having a significantly higher average seroprevalence (41.6%) than sheep (16.5%) or cattle (3.4%). Evidence of antibody to C. burnetii was reported among various wild-animal species, including coyotes, foxes, rodents, skunks, raccoons, rabbits, deer, and birds. This literature review suggests that C. burnetii is enzootic among ruminants and wild animals throughout much of the United States and that there is widespread human exposure to this pathogen. Sheep and goats appear to be a more important risk for human infection in the United States than cattle or wild animals, and research studies examining the natural history and transmission risk of Q fever in sheep and goats in this country should be encouraged. JF - Vector Borne and Zoonotic Diseases AU - McQuiston, J H AU - Childs, JE AD - Viral and Rickettsial Zoonoses Branch, Division of Viral and Rickettsial Diseases, National Center for Infectious Diseases, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, 1600 Clifton Road, Mailstop G-13, Atlanta, GA 30333, USA, fzh7@cdc.gov Y1 - 2002 PY - 2002 DA - 2002 SP - 179 EP - 191 VL - 2 IS - 3 SN - 1530-3667, 1530-3667 KW - goats KW - man KW - sheep KW - Microbiology Abstracts B: Bacteriology KW - Coxiella burnetii KW - USA KW - Epidemiology KW - Reviews KW - Surveillance KW - double prime Q fever KW - Livestock KW - Disease transmission KW - J 02855:Human Bacteriology: Others UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/18951731?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologyb&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Vector+Borne+and+Zoonotic+Diseases&rft.atitle=Q+Fever+in+Humans+and+Animals+in+the+United+States&rft.au=McQuiston%2C+J+H%3BChilds%2C+JE&rft.aulast=McQuiston&rft.aufirst=J&rft.date=2002-01-01&rft.volume=2&rft.issue=3&rft.spage=179&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Vector+Borne+and+Zoonotic+Diseases&rft.issn=15303667&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Last updated - 2015-03-24 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Epidemiology; Reviews; double prime Q fever; Surveillance; Disease transmission; Livestock; Coxiella burnetii; USA ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Density-Dependent Development of Anopheles gambiae (Diptera: Culicidae) Larvae in Artificial Habitats AN - 18852694; 5671445 AB - The growth and development of Anopheles gambiae Giles larvae were studied in artificial habitats in western Kenya. Larvae responded to increasing densities by extending their development time and by emerging as smaller adults, although survival was not significantly affected. Addition of nutrients in the form of cow dung collected near the study site had no impact on larval growth and development. Regression analysis showed that female development time increased by 0.020 d and female dry mass decreased by 0.74 mu g with each additional larva. By fitting the data to the pupation window model, the estimated minimum dry mass to achieve pupation was 0.130 mg and the estimated minimum time to pupation was 5 d. The most likely food source for An. gambiae larvae was algal growth, which was significantly reduced by the presence of larvae. Bacterial densities were not significantly affected by the presence of larvae although total bacteria counts were lower at the higher densities indicating they may provide a secondary food source when algal resources are depleted. Similarly, the levels of nitrogen and phosphorus in the habitats were not significantly affected by the presence of larvae although there was evidence of decreasing nitrogen levels occurring with increasing larval densities suggesting that nitrogen may be a limiting resource in the larval environment. The data indicate that competition within the larval environment may indirectly regulate An. gambiae populations by reducing adult body size, which may in turn reduce adult survivorship and fecundity. The potential impact of density-dependent interactions among An. gambiae larvae on the transmission of Plasmodium falciparum is discussed. JF - Journal of Medical Entomology AU - Gimnig, JE AU - Ombok, M AU - Otieno, S AU - Kaufman, M G AU - Vulule, J M AU - Walker, ED AD - Division of Parasitic Diseases, National Center for Infectious Diseases, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA, hzg1@cdc.gov Y1 - 2002/01// PY - 2002 DA - January 2002 SP - 162 EP - 172 PB - Entomological Society of America VL - 39 IS - 1 SN - 0022-2585, 0022-2585 KW - Artificial habitats KW - Culicidae KW - Diptera KW - Mosquitoes KW - ASFA 1: Biological Sciences & Living Resources; ASFA 3: Aquatic Pollution & Environmental Quality; Entomology Abstracts KW - Biological control KW - Human diseases KW - Density dependence KW - Population density KW - Survival KW - Nutrients KW - Development KW - Larval development KW - Disease transmission KW - Growth KW - Kenya KW - Interspecific relationships KW - Aquatic insects KW - Competition KW - Biological vectors KW - Vectors KW - Plasmodium falciparum KW - Anopheles gambiae KW - Fecundity KW - Insect larvae KW - Dung KW - Emergence KW - Size distribution KW - Z 05206:Medical & veterinary entomology KW - Q1 08304:Reproduction and development KW - Q5 08524:Public health, medicines, dangerous organisms UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/18852694?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aasfaaquaticpollution&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Medical+Entomology&rft.atitle=Density-Dependent+Development+of+Anopheles+gambiae+%28Diptera%3A+Culicidae%29+Larvae+in+Artificial+Habitats&rft.au=Gimnig%2C+JE%3BOmbok%2C+M%3BOtieno%2C+S%3BKaufman%2C+M+G%3BVulule%2C+J+M%3BWalker%2C+ED&rft.aulast=Gimnig&rft.aufirst=JE&rft.date=2002-01-01&rft.volume=39&rft.issue=1&rft.spage=162&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+Medical+Entomology&rft.issn=00222585&rft_id=info:doi/10.1043%2F0022-2585%282002%29039%280162%3ADDDOAG%292.0.CO%3B2 LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Last updated - 2016-05-27 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Biological control; Biological vectors; Human diseases; Interspecific relationships; Density dependence; Insect larvae; Survival; Larval development; Competition; Aquatic insects; Size distribution; Growth; Fecundity; Dung; Population density; Vectors; Nutrients; Development; Emergence; Disease transmission; Culicidae; Plasmodium falciparum; Anopheles gambiae; Kenya DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1043/0022-2585(2002)039(0162:DDDOAG)2.0.CO;2 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Role of Neutrophil Apoptosis in Vanadium-Induced Pulmonary Inflammation in Mice AN - 18669692; 5561331 AB - Pulmonary exposure to airborne vanadium and vanadium-containing compounds is associated with acute pulmonary inflammation, characterized by a rapid influx of neutrophilic polymorphonuclear leukocytes with a peak response at 6 hours and resolution by 3 days. We hypothesized that neutrophil apoptosis is involved in the resolution of vanadium-induced lung inflammation. To test this hypothesis, mice were exposed to inspired vanadium or saline control and the bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) cells were examined at various times for apoptosis using terminal deoxyribonucleotidyl transferase-mediated nick end labeling (TUNEL). Control mice showed only resident alveolar macrophages in the BAL with no evidence of apoptosis. In contrast, vanadium-treated mice showed clear apoptosis of BAL cells, which were predominantly neutrophils. The number of apoptotic cells gradually increased and reached a maximal level by 24 hours with subsequent decline. After 24 hours, when the vanadium-induced lung inflammation was in the resolution phase, we observed an increased number of alveolar macrophages in BAL and the engulfment of apoptotic bodies by these macrophages. At 72 hours, the total number of neutrophils in BAL fell to the baseline level, and the number of apoptotic cells was reduced. Clearance of the apoptotic product was demonstrated by the presence of apoptotic bodies in the cytoplasm of alveolar macrophages. We conclude that apoptosis of neutrophils and clearance by alveolar macrophages are important mechanisms in the resolution of vanadium-induced lung inflammation. JF - Journal of Environmental Pathology, Toxicology and Oncology AU - Wang, L AU - Medan, D AU - Mercer, R AU - Shi, X AU - Huang, C AU - Castranova, V AU - Ding, M AU - Rojanasakul, Y AD - National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, Pathology and Physiology Research Branch, 1095 Willowdale Road, Morgantown, WV 26505, USA, lmw6@cdc.gov Y1 - 2002 PY - 2002 DA - 2002 SP - 343 EP - 350 VL - 21 IS - 4 SN - 0731-8898, 0731-8898 KW - mice KW - Toxicology Abstracts KW - X 24161:Acute exposure UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/18669692?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxicologyabstracts&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Environmental+Pathology%2C+Toxicology+and+Oncology&rft.atitle=Role+of+Neutrophil+Apoptosis+in+Vanadium-Induced+Pulmonary+Inflammation+in+Mice&rft.au=Wang%2C+L%3BMedan%2C+D%3BMercer%2C+R%3BShi%2C+X%3BHuang%2C+C%3BCastranova%2C+V%3BDing%2C+M%3BRojanasakul%2C+Y&rft.aulast=Wang&rft.aufirst=L&rft.date=2002-01-01&rft.volume=21&rft.issue=4&rft.spage=343&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+Environmental+Pathology%2C+Toxicology+and+Oncology&rft.issn=07318898&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Outbreak of tick-borne relapsing fever at the North Rim of the Grand Canyon: Evidence for effectiveness of preventive measures AN - 18660804; 5551164 AB - An outbreak of tick-borne relapsing fever (TBRG) originating at the North Rim of Grand Canyon National Park was investigated in 1990. To determine risk factors for the disease, almost 7,000 parties of visitors were surveyed; over half responded, representing > 10,000 people. Fifteen cases of confirmed or probable TBRF were identified in visitors and 2 in employees. All patients except one experienced symptoms after overnight stays in a group of cabins that had not been rodent-proofed after a TBRF outbreak in 1973 (relative risk for visitors [RR] 8.2, 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.1-62). Seven cases of TBRF were associated with a single cabin (RR 98, 95% CI 30-219). Structural flaws and rodent nests were common in the implicated cabins and rare in unaffected cabins. This investigation suggests that measures to rodent-proof cabins at sites where TBRF is endemic prevent reinfestation of cabins by infected rodents and tick vectors, thereby preventing the spread of disease in humans. JF - American Journal of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene AU - Paul, W S AU - Maupin, G AU - Scott-Wright, A O AU - Craven, R B AU - Dennis, D T AD - Division of Vector-Borne Infectious Diseases, National Center for Infectious Diseases, Centers For Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), Public Health Service, U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, Fort Collins, Colorado, USA Y1 - 2002/01// PY - 2002 DA - Jan 2002 SP - 71 EP - 75 VL - 66 IS - 1 SN - 0002-9637, 0002-9637 KW - Ticks KW - Entomology Abstracts; Microbiology Abstracts B: Bacteriology KW - J 02855:Human Bacteriology: Others KW - Z 05206:Medical & veterinary entomology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/18660804?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologyb&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=American+Journal+of+Tropical+Medicine+and+Hygiene&rft.atitle=Outbreak+of+tick-borne+relapsing+fever+at+the+North+Rim+of+the+Grand+Canyon%3A+Evidence+for+effectiveness+of+preventive+measures&rft.au=Paul%2C+W+S%3BMaupin%2C+G%3BScott-Wright%2C+A+O%3BCraven%2C+R+B%3BDennis%2C+D+T&rft.aulast=Paul&rft.aufirst=W&rft.date=2002-01-01&rft.volume=66&rft.issue=1&rft.spage=71&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=American+Journal+of+Tropical+Medicine+and+Hygiene&rft.issn=00029637&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Vanadate Induces G sub(2)/M Phase Arrest in p53-Deficient Mouse Embryo Fibroblasts AN - 18625423; 5532129 AB - Vanadium compounds exert potent toxic and carcinogenic effects on a wide variety of biological systems. The mechanisms involved in their toxicity and carcinogenesis require investigation. Cell growth arrest and its regulation are important mechanisms in maintaining genomic stability and integrity in response to environmental stress. The p53 tumor suppressor plays a central role in the regulation of the normal cell cycle. To investigate the role of p53 in vanadate-induced cell growth arrest and its regulation, two cell lines--normal mouse embryo fibroblasts [p53(+/+)] and p53-deficient mouse embryo fibroblasts [p53(-/-)],-- were used in this study. Flow cytometry was used to analyze cell growth arrest at G sub(0)/G sub(1), S, or G sub(2)/M phase. Western blotting analysis was performed to determine several cell growth regulatory proteins. The results showed that in p53(-/-) cells vanadate induced G sub(2)/M phase arrest in a dose- and time-dependent manner without alteration of S phase. In p53(+/+) cells, vanadate treatment increased the S phase with no significant change in the G sub(2)/M phase. Furthermore, Western blotting results showed that in p53(-/-) cells vanadate caused cdc25C degradation and activation of phospho-cdc2 without alteration of the p21 level. In p53(+/+) cells, vanadate increased the expression of p21 and degraded cdc25A instead of cdc25C without any effect on cdc2. These results demonstrate that vanadate induced G sub(2)/M phase arrest in p53-deficient mouse embryo fibroblasts, and promoted S phase entry in p53 wild-type mouse embryo fibroblasts. JF - Journal of Environmental Pathology, Toxicology and Oncology AU - Zhang, Z AU - Chen, F AU - Huang, C AU - Shi, X AD - Pathology and Physiology Research Branch, National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, 1095 Willowdale Road, Morgantown, WV 26505, USA, xshi@cdc.gov Y1 - 2002 PY - 2002 DA - 2002 SP - 223 EP - 231 VL - 21 IS - 3 SN - 0731-8898, 0731-8898 KW - mice KW - Toxicology Abstracts KW - X 24155:Biochemistry UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/18625423?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxicologyabstracts&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Environmental+Pathology%2C+Toxicology+and+Oncology&rft.atitle=Vanadate+Induces+G+sub%282%29%2FM+Phase+Arrest+in+p53-Deficient+Mouse+Embryo+Fibroblasts&rft.au=Zhang%2C+Z%3BChen%2C+F%3BHuang%2C+C%3BShi%2C+X&rft.aulast=Zhang&rft.aufirst=Z&rft.date=2002-01-01&rft.volume=21&rft.issue=3&rft.spage=223&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+Environmental+Pathology%2C+Toxicology+and+Oncology&rft.issn=07318898&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Vaccine-associated paralytic poliomyelitis in India during 1999: decreased risk despite massive use of oral polio vaccine AN - 18619769; 5528724 AB - Vaccine-associated paralytic poliomyelitis (VAPP) is a rare but serious consequence of the administration of oral polio vaccine (OPV). Intensified OPV administration has reduced wild poliovirus transmission in India but VAPP is becoming a matter of concern. We analysed acute flaccid paralysis (AFP) surveillance data in order to estimate the VAPP risk in this country. VAPP was defined as occurring in AFP cases with onset of paralysis in 1999, residual weakness 60 days after onset, and isolation of vaccine-related poliovirus. Recipient VAPP cases were a subset with onset of paralysis between 4 and 40 days after receipt of OPV. A total of 181 AFP cases met the case definition. The following estimates of VAPP risk were made: overall risk, 1 case per 4.1 to 4.6 million OPV doses administered; recipient risk, 1 case per 12.2 million; first-dose recipient risk, 1 case per 2.8 million; and subsequent-dose recipient risk, 1 case per 13.9 million. On the basis of data from a highly sensitive surveillance system the estimated VAPP risk in India is evidently lower than that in other countries, notwithstanding the administration of multiple OPV doses to children in mass immunization campaigns. JF - Bulletin of The World Health Organization AU - Kohler, KA AU - Banerjee, K AU - Hlady, W G AU - Andrus, J K AU - Sutter, R W AD - Polio Eradication Branch, Global Immunization Division, National Immunization Program, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA 30333, USA, kik9@cdc.gov Y1 - 2002 PY - 2002 DA - 2002 SP - 210 EP - 216 VL - 80 IS - 3 SN - 0042-9686, 0042-9686 KW - acute flaccid paralysis KW - Virology & AIDS Abstracts; Toxicology Abstracts KW - V 22097:Immunization: Vaccines & vaccination: Human KW - X 24113:Side effects UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/18619769?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxicologyabstracts&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Bulletin+of+The+World+Health+Organization&rft.atitle=Vaccine-associated+paralytic+poliomyelitis+in+India+during+1999%3A+decreased+risk+despite+massive+use+of+oral+polio+vaccine&rft.au=Kohler%2C+KA%3BBanerjee%2C+K%3BHlady%2C+W+G%3BAndrus%2C+J+K%3BSutter%2C+R+W&rft.aulast=Kohler&rft.aufirst=KA&rft.date=2002-01-01&rft.volume=80&rft.issue=3&rft.spage=210&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Bulletin+of+The+World+Health+Organization&rft.issn=00429686&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Ototoxic effects of styrene alone or in concert with other agents: A review. AN - 1859404857; 12678924 AB - Styrene is an organic solvent employed in many manufacturing industries, as well as in other economic sectors. Recently, evidence is beginning to accumulate on the hazardous effects that styrene exposures have on the auditory system. In rats, a well-suited metabolic animal model for these studies, aromatic solvents seem to affect the auditory sensitivity mainly in the cochlear mid-frequency range. Outer hair cells are the primary targets within the organ of Corti, although the spiral ganglions are not spared. Therefore, styrene must be considered as an ototoxic chemical agent that can be potentially neurotoxic. Finally, noise-styrene exposures can have synergistic effects on the auditory system. The findings reported in both human and animal studies indicate that exposures to styrene, or to styrene associated to noise, may dramatically impact occupational hearing conservation practices and legislation. Human and animal studies will be summarized in discussing the effects of styrene alone or in combination with noise and other chemicals. Gaps in scientific knowledge are highlighted to assist future research. JF - Noise & health AU - Morata, Thais C. AU - Campo, Pierre AD - National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, Division of Applied Research and Technology, 4676 Columbia Parkway/MS:C27 Cincinnati, Ohio 45226-1998, USA., Email: tmorata@cdc.gov Y1 - 2002 PY - 2002 DA - 2002 SP - 15 EP - 24 VL - 4 IS - 14 SN - 1463-1741, 1463-1741 UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/1859404857?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Noise+%26+health&rft.atitle=Ototoxic+effects+of+styrene+alone+or+in+concert+with+other+agents%3A+A+review.&rft.au=Morata%2C+Thais+C.%3BCampo%2C+Pierre&rft.aulast=Morata&rft.aufirst=Thais&rft.date=2002-01-01&rft.volume=4&rft.issue=14&rft.spage=15&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Noise+%26+health&rft.issn=14631741&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date created - 2003-04-07 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - MMR vaccine and autism: a review of the evidence for a causal association AN - 18577182; 5450077 AB - The hypothesis that combined measles-mumps-rubella (MMR) vaccine may cause autism was advanced by Wakefield and colleagues in a report describing 12 patients with inflammatory bowel conditions and regressive developmental disorders, primarily autism. The authors hypothesized that MMR vaccine may have been responsible for the bowel dysfunction which subsequently resulted in the neurodevelopmental disorders. JF - Molecular Psychiatry AU - DeStefano, F AD - National Center on Birth Defects and Developmental Disabilities, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, 4770 Buford Highway NE, Mailstop F34, Atlanta, GA 30341 3724, USA, fxdl@cdc.gov Y1 - 2002 PY - 2002 DA - 2002 SP - S51 EP - S52 PB - Nature Publishing Group, Brunel Road Houndmills Basingstoke Hampshire RG21 6XS UK, [URL:http://www.naturesj.com/mp/] VL - 7 SN - 1359-4184, 1359-4184 KW - neurodevelopmental disorders KW - CSA Neurosciences Abstracts; Virology & AIDS Abstracts; Toxicology Abstracts KW - N3 11130:Neurovirology KW - X 24240:Miscellaneous KW - V 22097:Immunization: Vaccines & vaccination: Human UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/18577182?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxicologyabstracts&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Molecular+Psychiatry&rft.atitle=MMR+vaccine+and+autism%3A+a+review+of+the+evidence+for+a+causal+association&rft.au=DeStefano%2C+F&rft.aulast=DeStefano&rft.aufirst=F&rft.date=2002-01-01&rft.volume=7&rft.issue=&rft.spage=S51&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Molecular+Psychiatry&rft.issn=13594184&rft_id=info:doi/10.1038%2Fsj.mp.4001181 LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/sj.mp.4001181 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Changes in logging injury rates associated with use of feller-bunchers in West Virginia AN - 18558867; 5531427 AB - Problem: It is well documented that logging is one of the most dangerous occupations and industries in which to work, and trees fellers are at greatest risk of injury. The objective of this study was to determine whether West Virginia (WV) logging companies experienced a reduction in injuries after beginning to use feller-bunchers (tree cutting machines, which replace some of the work done with a chainsaw) during harvesting operations. Methods: WV workers compensation claims and employment data from 1995 to 2000 were used to calculate injury rates. Injury trends in the rest of the WV logging industry, not using feller-bunchers, were also assessed. Results: For 11 companies, the pre-feller-buncher injury claims rate was 19.4 per 100 workers and the post-feller-buncher rate was 5.2 per 100 workers. This was a significant difference, with an adjusted rate ratio of 2.8 (95% CI: 1.8-4.5) of pre to post claims. Struck by injuries also showed significant decline, with the pre-feller-buncher injury rate being 3.8 (95% CI: 1.8-8.2) times as great as post-feller-buncher rate. During the time of the study, the injury rate rose in the rest of the WV logging industry. The average cost of a workers compensation claim in the WV logging industry during the time of the study was approximately $10,400. Impact on industry: As mechanization of logging tasks becomes more widespread, the WV logging industry as a whole may see substantial injury declines and a reduction in the total cost of injury claims. Struck by injuries, the most common and potentially fatal of logging injury types, appear to be particularly affected. However, logging operations in areas of very steep terrain where it is not possible to use these machines may need to rely on strategies other than feller-bunchers to reduce injuries. JF - Journal of Safety Research AU - Bell, J L AD - National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, Division of Safety Research, Analysis and Field Evaluations Branch, 1095 Willowdale Road, MS-1181, Morgantown, WV 26505-2888, USA, Jbell@cdc.gov Y1 - 2002 PY - 2002 DA - 2002 SP - 463 EP - 471 VL - 33 IS - 4 SN - 0022-4375, 0022-4375 KW - feller-bunchers KW - Health & Safety Science Abstracts KW - H 1000:Occupational Safety and Health UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/18558867?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Ahealthsafetyabstracts&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Safety+Research&rft.atitle=Changes+in+logging+injury+rates+associated+with+use+of+feller-bunchers+in+West+Virginia&rft.au=Bell%2C+J+L&rft.aulast=Bell&rft.aufirst=J&rft.date=2002-01-01&rft.volume=33&rft.issue=4&rft.spage=463&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+Safety+Research&rft.issn=00224375&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Technologies for today's mine emergency responders AN - 18541432; 5491449 AB - Historically, underground mine rescue teams have only received training in the course of actual emergencies, or in simulated mine environments, usually on the surface, with placards to identify objects and hazards. Also, while US Federal Regulations require all underground miners to walk escapeways and conduct fire drills every 90 days in a smoke-free environment, this does not fully prepare them for the conditions that will be encountered in real escape situations. This paper describes technology and realistic training simulations that have been identified for the general workforce and mine emergency responders. Of all the technology evaluated by underground personnel, laser lights and lifelines were most beneficial in leading personnel to safety and out of the mine in smoke-filled passageways. These technological advancements can improve the state of readiness for rescue personnel and increase the chances of survival for personnel escaping from underground emergencies. JF - International Journal of Emergency Management AU - Conti, R S AU - Chasko, L L AD - National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, P.O. Box 18070, Pittsburgh, PA 15236, USA, rkc4@cdc.gov Y1 - 2002 PY - 2002 DA - 2002 VL - 1 IS - 2 SN - 1471-4825, 1471-4825 KW - Health & Safety Science Abstracts KW - H 6000:Natural Disasters/Civil Defense/Emergency Management UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/18541432?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Ahealthsafetyabstracts&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=International+Journal+of+Emergency+Management&rft.atitle=Technologies+for+today%27s+mine+emergency+responders&rft.au=Conti%2C+R+S%3BChasko%2C+L+L&rft.aulast=Conti&rft.aufirst=R&rft.date=2002-01-01&rft.volume=1&rft.issue=2&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=International+Journal+of+Emergency+Management&rft.issn=14714825&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Suggested guidelines for studying the combined effects of occupational exposure to noise and chemicals on hearing AN - 18466298; 5436739 AB - The present document, which describes recommended standardized procedures, aims to assist individual investigators plan a study on the effects of industrial chemicals on the auditory system, collect and analyze environmental and hearing sensitivity data that are accurate and comparable to data acquired by others. This draft document is currently being reviewed by the NoiseChem Research Group. In this peer review stage we are currently accepting critiques and suggestions to this proposal. Investigations on the aforementioned topic are necessary since there is strong evidence that occupational hearing loss may be caused not only by noise but also by exposure to certain chemicals in the work environment. Since some industrial chemicals are known to be ototoxic, it is plausible to expect that if these chemicals occurred in high enough concentrations in the workplace they could affect hearing. Laboratory studies have yielded a finding not expected, namely that when simultaneous exposure to noise and chemicals occur, the hearing loss observed was greater than the expected hearing loss from noise added to the expected hearing loss from the chemical. If this synergism is verified in humans, then changes will be required in the limits that are set for occupational hazards in order to prevent occupational hearing loss. JF - Noise & Health AU - Morata, T C AU - Little, M B AD - National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, 4676 Columbia Parkway/ C27, Cincinnati, OH 45226, USA, tmorata@cdc.gov Y1 - 2002/01// PY - 2002 DA - Jan 2002 SP - 73 EP - 87 VL - 4 IS - 14 SN - 1463-1741, 1463-1741 KW - ototoxicity KW - Pollution Abstracts; Health & Safety Science Abstracts KW - P 7000:NOISE KW - H 1000:Occupational Safety and Health UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/18466298?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Apollution&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Noise+%26+Health&rft.atitle=Suggested+guidelines+for+studying+the+combined+effects+of+occupational+exposure+to+noise+and+chemicals+on+hearing&rft.au=Morata%2C+T+C%3BLittle%2C+M+B&rft.aulast=Morata&rft.aufirst=T&rft.date=2002-01-01&rft.volume=4&rft.issue=14&rft.spage=73&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Noise+%26+Health&rft.issn=14631741&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Exposure to crystalline silica, silicosis, and lung disease other than cancer in diatomaceous earth industry workers: a quantitative risk assessment AN - 18462914; 5436757 AB - Objectives: To estimate excess lifetime risk of (a) mortality from lung disease other than cancer (LDOC), and (b) onset of radiographic silicosis, arising from occupational exposure to respirable crystalline silica dust. Methods: Data from a cohort of California diatomaceous earth mining and processing workers exposed to crystalline silica dust (mainly as cristobalite) were reanalyzed with Poisson regression methods with internal and external adjustments for potential confounding by calendar time, age, smoking, Hispanic ethnicity, and time since first observation. Model fit was evaluated by comparing deviances and fitting cubic spline models. Lifetime risks of death from LDOC and radiographic silicosis were estimated up to age 85 with an actuarial approach accounting for competing causes of death. Results: For deaths due to LDOC, a linear relative rate model gave the best fit in Poisson regression analyses. At the mean cumulative exposure of LDOC cases to silica, after adjustment for smoking, the estimated rate ratio was 4.2 (p<0.0001); at the maximum cumulative exposure of cases, the rate ratio was 18.4. The excess lifetime risk for white men exposed to respirable cristobalite dust for 45 years at the current permissible exposure limit (PEL; about 0.05 mg/m super(3)) of the Occupational Safety and Health Administration was 54/1000 (95% confidence interval (95% CI) 17 to 150). For 70 incident cases of radiographic silicosis largely manifest before the end of employment, the best fit was also the linear relative rate model, predicting a rate ratio of 25.6 for silicosis at the mean cumulative exposure of the cases (p<0.0001). The excess lifetime risk for silicosis at the current PEL was 75/1000. Conclusion: Current occupational health standards for crystalline silica permit risks of lung disease other than cancer far in excess of what is usually considered acceptable by the Occupational Safety and Health Administration (a lifetime risk of less than one in a thousand deaths). JF - Occupational and Environmental Medicine AU - Park, R AU - Rice, F AU - Stayner, L AU - Smith, R AU - Gilbert, S AU - Checkoway, H AD - US Department of Health and Human Services, Public Health Service, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, 4676 Columbia Parkway, MS C-15, Cincinnati, OH 45226-1998, USA, rhp9@cdc.gov Y1 - 2002/01// PY - 2002 DA - Jan 2002 SP - 36 EP - 43 VL - 59 IS - 1 SN - 1351-0711, 1351-0711 KW - man KW - Toxicology Abstracts; Health & Safety Science Abstracts KW - H 1000:Occupational Safety and Health KW - X 24162:Chronic exposure UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/18462914?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxicologyabstracts&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Occupational+and+Environmental+Medicine&rft.atitle=Exposure+to+crystalline+silica%2C+silicosis%2C+and+lung+disease+other+than+cancer+in+diatomaceous+earth+industry+workers%3A+a+quantitative+risk+assessment&rft.au=Park%2C+R%3BRice%2C+F%3BStayner%2C+L%3BSmith%2C+R%3BGilbert%2C+S%3BCheckoway%2C+H&rft.aulast=Park&rft.aufirst=R&rft.date=2002-01-01&rft.volume=59&rft.issue=1&rft.spage=36&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Occupational+and+Environmental+Medicine&rft.issn=13510711&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Youth risk behavior surveillance--United States, 2001 AN - 18442837; 5423682 AB - PROBLEM/CONDITION: Priority health-risk behaviors, which contribute to the leading causes of mortality and morbidity among youth and adults, often are established during youth, extend into adulthood, are interrelated, and are preventable. REPORTING PERIOD COVERED: This report covers data during February-December 2001. DESCRIPTION OF SYSTEM: The Youth Risk Behavior Surveillance System (YRBSS) monitors six categories of priority health-risk behaviors among youth and young adults; these behaviors contribute to unintentional injuries and violence; tobacco use; alcohol and other drug use; sexual behaviors that contribute to unintended pregnancy and sexually transmitted diseases (STDs), including human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection; unhealthy dietary behaviors; and physical inactivity. The YRBSS includes a national school-based survey conducted by CDC as well as state, territorial, and local school-based surveys conducted by education and health agencies. This report summarizes results from the national survey, 34 state surveys, and 18 local surveys conducted among students in grades 9-12 during February-December 2001. RESULTS: In the United States, approximately three fourths of all deaths among persons aged 10-24 years result from only four causes: motor-vehicle crashes, other unintentional injuries, homicide, and suicide. Results from the 2001 national Youth Risk Behavior Survey demonstrated that numerous high school students engage in behaviors that increase their likelihood of death from these four causes: 14.1% had rarely or never worn a seat belt during the 30 days preceding the survey; 30.7% had ridden with a driver who had been drinking alcohol; 17.4% had carried a weapon during the 30 days preceding the survey; 47.1% had drunk alcohol during the 30 days preceding the survey; 23.9% had used marijuana during the 30 days preceding the survey; and 8.8% had attempted suicide during the 12 months preceding the survey. Substantial morbidity and social problems among young persons also result from unintended pregnancies and STDs, including HIV infection. In 2001, 45.6% of high school students had ever had sexual intercourse; 42.1% of sexually active students had not used a condom at last sexual intercourse; and 2.3% had ever injected an illegal drug. Two thirds of all deaths among persons aged > or = 25 years result from only two causes: cardiovascular disease and cancer. The majority of risk behaviors associated with these two causes of death are initiated during adolescence. In 2001, 28.5% of high school students had smoked cigarettes during the 30 days preceding the survey; 78.6% had not eaten > or = 5 servings per day of fruits and vegetables during the 7 days preceding the survey; 10.5% were overweight; and 67.8% did not attend physical education class daily. PUBLIC HEALTH ACTIONS: Health and education officials at national, state, and local levels are using these YRBSS data to analyze and improve policies and programs to reduce priority health-risk behaviors among youth. The YRBSS data also are being used to measure progress toward achieving 16 national health objectives for 2010 and 3 of the 10 leading health indicators. JF - Morbidity and Mortality Weekly Report AU - Grunbaum, JA AU - Kann, L AU - Kinchen, SA AU - Williams, B AU - Ross, J G AU - Lowry, R AU - Kolbe, L AD - Division of Adolescent and School Health, National Center for Chronic Disease Prevention and Health Promotion, Rockville, Maryland, USA. Y1 - 2002 PY - 2002 DA - 2002 SP - 1 EP - 62 VL - 51 IS - SS SN - 0149-2195, 0149-2195 KW - Physical Education Index KW - PE 090:Sports Medicine & Exercise Sport Science UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/18442837?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aphysicaleducation&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Morbidity+and+Mortality+Weekly+Report&rft.atitle=Youth+risk+behavior+surveillance--United+States%2C+2001&rft.au=Grunbaum%2C+JA%3BKann%2C+L%3BKinchen%2C+SA%3BWilliams%2C+B%3BRoss%2C+J+G%3BLowry%2C+R%3BKolbe%2C+L&rft.aulast=Grunbaum&rft.aufirst=JA&rft.date=2002-01-01&rft.volume=51&rft.issue=SS&rft.spage=1&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Morbidity+and+Mortality+Weekly+Report&rft.issn=01492195&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - Physical Education Index N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Developing a culture of safety in a reluctant audience AN - 18441936; 5423734 AB - OBJECTIVE: To describe the injury pattern of skateboarding injuries today. METHODS: The pattern of injuries, circumstances, and severity were investigated in a study of 139 people injured in skateboarding accidents during 1995 through 1998 inclusive and admitted to the University Hospital of Umea, Umea, Sweden. This is the only hospital in the area, serving a population of 135,000. RESULTS: Of the 139 injured, 3 were pedestrians hit by a skateboard rider; the rest were riders. The age range was 7 to 47 years (mean, 16.0). The severity of the injuries was minor (Abbreviated Injury Scale 1) to moderate (Abbreviated Injury Scale 2); fractures were classified as moderate. The annual number of injuries increased during the study period. Fractures were found in 29% of the casualties, and four children had concussion. The most common fractures were of the ankle and wrist. Older patients had less severe injuries, mainly sprains and soft tissue injuries. Most children were injured while skateboarding on ramps and at arenas; only 12 (9%) were injured while skateboarding on roads. Some 37% of the injuries occurred because of a loss of balance and 26% because of a failed trick attempt. Falls caused by surface irregularities resulted in the highest proportion of the moderate injuries. CONCLUSIONS: Skateboarding should be restricted to supervised skateboard parks, and skateboarders should be required to wear protective gear. These measures would reduce the number of skateboarders injured in motor vehicle collisions, the personal injuries among skateboarders, and the number of pedestrians injured in collisions with skateboarders. JF - The Western Journal of Medicine AU - Schieber, R A AU - Olson, S J AD - Division of Unintentional Injury Prevention, National Center for Injury Prevention and Control, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), US Public Health Service, US Department of Health and Human Services, Atlanta, GA 30341, USA Y1 - 2002 PY - 2002 DA - 2002 SP - E1 EP - E2 VL - 176 SN - 0093-0415, 0093-0415 KW - Physical Education Index KW - PE 090:Sports Medicine & Exercise Sport Science UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/18441936?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aphysicaleducation&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Western+Journal+of+Medicine&rft.atitle=Developing+a+culture+of+safety+in+a+reluctant+audience&rft.au=Schieber%2C+R+A%3BOlson%2C+S+J&rft.aulast=Schieber&rft.aufirst=R&rft.date=2002-01-01&rft.volume=176&rft.issue=&rft.spage=E1&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=The+Western+Journal+of+Medicine&rft.issn=00930415&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - Physical Education Index N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Elevated blood pressure among U.S. adults with diabetes, 1988-1994 AN - 18432200; 5417932 AB - Background: Recent guidelines and clinical trial results emphasize the importance of controlling blood pressure among people with diabetes. We estimated the prevalence of elevated blood pressure among U.S. adults with diagnosed diabetes, and examined the extent to which elevated blood pressure is being treated and controlled. Methods: The Third National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (1988-1994), a probability survey of the civilian, non-institutionalized population of the United States, consisted of an interview and physical examination, which included blood pressure measurement. Survey participants included 1507 adults (aged greater than or equal to 18 years) with self-reported diabetes. Among people with self-reported diabetes, we estimated elevated blood pressure (mean blood pressure of greater than or equal to 130/85 mm Hg or use of antihypertensive medication); awareness (prior diagnosis of hypertension); treatment (antihypertensive medication use); and control (mean blood pressure of <130/85 or <140/90). Results: In the 1988-1994 period, 71% (95% confidence interval [CI]= plus or minus 4.4%) of all U.S. adults with diabetes had elevated blood pressure. The prevalence of elevated blood pressure increased with age and was high among both men and women and among Mexican Americans, non-Hispanic blacks, and non-Hispanic whites. Among those with elevated blood pressure, 71% (95% CI= plus or minus 4.1%) were aware and 57% (95% CI= plus or minus 4.2%) were treated, but only 12% (95% CI= plus or minus 3.2%) had mean blood pressure <130/85 and 45% (95% CI= plus or minus 4.9%) had mean blood pressure <140/90. Control of blood pressure was least common among older people. Conclusions: All people with diabetes--regardless of age, gender, and race and ethnicity--may benefit from efforts to prevent hypertension. The control of elevated blood pressure is inadequate and broad-based efforts are needed to improve blood pressure control. JF - American Journal of Preventive Medicine AU - Geiss, L S AU - Rolka, D B AU - Engelgau, MM AD - Division of Diabetes Translation, National Center for Chronic Disease Prevention and Health Promotion, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia, USA Y1 - 2002/01// PY - 2002 DA - Jan 2002 SP - 42 EP - 48 VL - 22 IS - 1 SN - 0749-3797, 0749-3797 KW - Physical Education Index KW - PE 030:Exercise, Health & Physical Fitness UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/18432200?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aphysicaleducation&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=American+Journal+of+Preventive+Medicine&rft.atitle=Elevated+blood+pressure+among+U.S.+adults+with+diabetes%2C+1988-1994&rft.au=Geiss%2C+L+S%3BRolka%2C+D+B%3BEngelgau%2C+MM&rft.aulast=Geiss&rft.aufirst=L&rft.date=2002-01-01&rft.volume=22&rft.issue=1&rft.spage=42&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=American+Journal+of+Preventive+Medicine&rft.issn=07493797&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - Physical Education Index N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Bacterial symbionts of the Triatominae and their potential use in control of Chagas disease transmission AN - 18351379; 5326810 AB - Chagas disease is caused by the parasitic protozoan Trypanosoma cruzi and transmitted by insects in the family Reduviidae, subfamily Triatominae, commonly known as kissing bugs. Because these insects feed throughout their entire developmental cycle on vertebrate blood, they harbor populations of symbiotic bacteria in their intestinal track that produce nutrients that are lacking in the insects' limited diet. It is possible to cultivate these bacteria, genetically modify them, and place them back into their insect host, thus generating a paratransgenic insect. This procedure has allowed the expression of antitrypanosomal gene products in the insect gut, thereby resulting in insects that are incapable of transmitting Chagas disease. A method has been developed that would allow introduction and spread of genetically modified symbionts into natural populations of kissing bugs, thus leading potentially to a transgenic intervention tool for use as a part of an integrated vector control approach. JF - Annual Review of Entomology AU - Beard, C B AU - Cordon-Rosales, C AU - Durvasula, R V AD - Division of Parasitic Diseases, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Chamblee, GA 30341-3724, USA, cbeard@cdc.gov Y1 - 2002 PY - 2002 DA - 2002 SP - 123 EP - 141 PB - Annual Reviews, Inc., 4139 El Camino Way Box 10139 Palo Alto CA 94303-0139 USA, [mailto:service@annualreviews.org], [URL:http://annualreviews.org] VL - 47 SN - 0066-4170, 0066-4170 KW - Assassin bugs KW - transgenic insects KW - Microbiology Abstracts C: Algology, Mycology & Protozoology; Entomology Abstracts; Microbiology Abstracts B: Bacteriology; Genetics Abstracts KW - Biological control KW - Reduviidae KW - Gene expression KW - Triatominae KW - Trypanosoma cruzi KW - Symbionts KW - Vectors KW - Genetic engineering KW - Reviews KW - Chagas' disease KW - J 02870:Invertebrate bacteriology KW - K 03091:Protozoa: animal KW - G 07361:Protozoans/slime molds KW - Z 05206:Medical & veterinary entomology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/18351379?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologyb&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Annual+Review+of+Entomology&rft.atitle=Bacterial+symbionts+of+the+Triatominae+and+their+potential+use+in+control+of+Chagas+disease+transmission&rft.au=Beard%2C+C+B%3BCordon-Rosales%2C+C%3BDurvasula%2C+R+V&rft.aulast=Beard&rft.aufirst=C&rft.date=2002-01-01&rft.volume=47&rft.issue=&rft.spage=123&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Annual+Review+of+Entomology&rft.issn=00664170&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Reduviidae; Triatominae; Trypanosoma cruzi; Biological control; Vectors; Symbionts; Gene expression; Reviews; Genetic engineering; Chagas' disease ER - TY - JOUR T1 - The prevention of shin splints in sports: a systematic review of literature AN - 18253520; 5314028 AB - To review the published and unpublished evidence regarding risk factors associated with shin splints, assess the effectiveness of prevention strategies, and offer evidence-based recommendations to coaches, athletes, and researchers. We searched electronic data bases without language restriction, identified citations from reference sections of research papers retrieved, contacted experts in the field, and searched the Cochrane Collaboration. Of the 199 citations identified, we emphasized results of the four reports that compared methods to prevent shin splints. We assessed the methodologic quality of these reports by using a standardized instrument. The use of shock-absorbent insoles, foam heel pads, heel cord stretching, alternative footwear, as well as graduated running programs among military recruits have undergone assessment in controlled trials. There is no strong support for any of these interventions, and each of the four controlled trials is limited methodologically. Median quality scores in these four studies ranged from 29 to 47, and serious flaws in study design, control of bias, and statistical methods were identified. Our review yielded little objective evidence to support widespread use of any existing interventions to prevent shin splints. The most encouraging evidence for effective prevention of shin splints involves the use of shock-absorbing insoles. However, serious flaws in study design and implementation constrain the work in this field thus far. A rigorously implemented research program is critically needed to address this common sports medicine problem. JF - Medicine & Science in Sports & Exercise AU - Thacker, S B AU - Gilchrist, J AU - Stroup, D F AU - Kimsey, C D AD - National Center for Injury Prevention and Control Atlanta, GA, USA Y1 - 2002/01// PY - 2002 DA - Jan 2002 SP - 32 EP - 40 VL - 34 IS - 1 SN - 0195-9131, 0195-9131 KW - physical training KW - running KW - shin splints KW - Health & Safety Science Abstracts; Physical Education Index; Risk Abstracts KW - Exercise (programs) KW - sports related injuries KW - Shin splints KW - Literature reviews KW - Reviews KW - Running (runners) KW - Sports medicine KW - H 11000:Diseases/Injuries/Trauma KW - PE 090:Sports Medicine & Exercise Sport Science KW - R2 23060:Medical and environmental health UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/18253520?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Ariskabstracts&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Medicine+%26+Science+in+Sports+%26+Exercise&rft.atitle=The+prevention+of+shin+splints+in+sports%3A+a+systematic+review+of+literature&rft.au=Thacker%2C+S+B%3BGilchrist%2C+J%3BStroup%2C+D+F%3BKimsey%2C+C+D&rft.aulast=Thacker&rft.aufirst=S&rft.date=2002-01-01&rft.volume=34&rft.issue=1&rft.spage=32&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Medicine+%26+Science+in+Sports+%26+Exercise&rft.issn=01959131&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - Physical Education Index; ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Literature reviews; Shin splints; Running (runners); Exercise (programs); Sports medicine; Reviews; sports related injuries ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Comparative Analysis of Two Commercial Phenotypic Assays for Drug Susceptibility Testing of Human Immunodeficiency Virus Type 1 AN - 18234570; 5291391 AB - Human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) isolates from 50 plasma specimens were analyzed for phenotypic susceptibility to licensed reverse transcriptase inhibitors and protease inhibitors by the Antivirogram and PhenoSense HIV assays. Twenty of these specimens were from recently seroconverted drug-naive persons, and 30 were from patients who were the sources of occupational exposures to HIV-1; 16 of the specimens in the latter group were from drug-experienced patients. The phenotypic results of the Antivirogram and PhenoSense HIV assays were categorized as sensitive or reduced susceptibility on the basis of the cutoff values established by the manufacturers of each assay. Data for 12 to 15 drugs were available by both assays for 38 specimens and represented a total of 529 pairs of results. The two data sets had a 91.5% concordance by phenotypic category. The discordant results (n = 45) were distributed randomly among 26 specimens and included 28 results (62.2%) which were within a twofold difference of the assay cutoff values. None of the discordant results were associated with primary resistance mutations that predicted high-level (>20-fold) resistance. Discordant results were distributed equally among specimens from drug-experienced and drug-naive individuals and were slightly higher for protease inhibitors than for nonnucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors or nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors. The findings of the present study demonstrate that the results of the Antivirogram and PhenoSense HIV assays correlate well, despite the use of different testing strategies. JF - Journal of Clinical Microbiology AU - Qari, SH AU - Respess, R AU - Weinstock, H AU - Beltrami, E M AU - Hertogs, K AU - Larder, BA AU - Petropoulos, C J AU - Hellmann, N AU - Heneine, W AD - HIV and Retrovirology Branch, CDC, MS G-19, 1600 Clifton Rd., Atlanta, GA 30333., wmh2@cdc.gov Y1 - 2002/01// PY - 2002 DA - Jan 2002 SP - 31 EP - 35 VL - 40 IS - 1 SN - 0095-1137, 0095-1137 KW - HIV-1 KW - RT inhibitors KW - Microbiology Abstracts A: Industrial & Applied Microbiology; Virology & AIDS Abstracts KW - Acquired immune deficiency syndrome KW - Proteinase inhibitors KW - Drug sensitivity testing KW - Phenotypes KW - Antiviral agents KW - Human immunodeficiency virus 1 KW - RNA-directed DNA polymerase KW - V 22002:AIDS: Molecular and in vitro aspects KW - A 01114:Viruses UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/18234570?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologya&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Clinical+Microbiology&rft.atitle=Comparative+Analysis+of+Two+Commercial+Phenotypic+Assays+for+Drug+Susceptibility+Testing+of+Human+Immunodeficiency+Virus+Type+1&rft.au=Qari%2C+SH%3BRespess%2C+R%3BWeinstock%2C+H%3BBeltrami%2C+E+M%3BHertogs%2C+K%3BLarder%2C+BA%3BPetropoulos%2C+C+J%3BHellmann%2C+N%3BHeneine%2C+W&rft.aulast=Qari&rft.aufirst=SH&rft.date=2002-01-01&rft.volume=40&rft.issue=1&rft.spage=31&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+Clinical+Microbiology&rft.issn=00951137&rft_id=info:doi/10.1128%2FJCM.40.1.31-35.2002 LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-14 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Human immunodeficiency virus 1; RNA-directed DNA polymerase; Drug sensitivity testing; Antiviral agents; Proteinase inhibitors; Acquired immune deficiency syndrome; Phenotypes DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/JCM.40.1.31-35.2002 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Molecular Typing of Treponema pallidum in South Africa: Cross-Sectional Studies AN - 18233808; 5291410 AB - We evaluated a molecular subtyping system for Treponema pallidum for its ability to differentiate between strains obtained from male patients with primary syphilis in South Africa. Of 201 T. pallidum-positive specimens, 161 were typeable, revealing 35 subtypes. The unique subtypes identified in Durban, Cape Town, and Carletonville and the total number of subtypes suggested that the strain population was very diverse and varied geographically. JF - Journal of Clinical Microbiology AU - Pillay, A AU - Liu, H AU - Ebrahim, S AU - Chen, CY AU - Lai, W AU - Fehler, G AU - Ballard, R C AU - Steiner, B AU - Sturm, A W AU - Morse, SA AD - Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Division of AIDS, STD, and TB Laboratory Research, 1600 Clifton Rd., MS-G39, Atlanta, GA 30333., Apillay@cdc.gov Y1 - 2002/01// PY - 2002 DA - Jan 2002 SP - 256 EP - 258 VL - 40 IS - 1 SN - 0095-1137, 0095-1137 KW - subtyping KW - man KW - males KW - Microbiology Abstracts B: Bacteriology KW - Treponema pallidum KW - Geographical variations KW - Syphilis KW - J 02849:Sexually-transmitted diseases UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/18233808?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologyb&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Clinical+Microbiology&rft.atitle=Molecular+Typing+of+Treponema+pallidum+in+South+Africa%3A+Cross-Sectional+Studies&rft.au=Pillay%2C+A%3BLiu%2C+H%3BEbrahim%2C+S%3BChen%2C+CY%3BLai%2C+W%3BFehler%2C+G%3BBallard%2C+R+C%3BSteiner%2C+B%3BSturm%2C+A+W%3BMorse%2C+SA&rft.aulast=Pillay&rft.aufirst=A&rft.date=2002-01-01&rft.volume=40&rft.issue=1&rft.spage=256&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+Clinical+Microbiology&rft.issn=00951137&rft_id=info:doi/10.1128%2FJCM.40.1.256-258.2002 LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-14 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Treponema pallidum; Geographical variations; Syphilis DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/JCM.40.1.256-258.2002 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Analysis of 16S rRNA gene sequences and circulating cell-free DNA from plasma of chronic fatigue syndrome and non-fatigued subjects AN - 18043474; 6035532 AB - The association of an infectious agent with chronic fatigue syndrome (CFS) has been difficult and is further complicated by the lack of a known lesion or diseased tissue. Cell-free plasma DNA could serve as a sentinel of infection and disease occurring throughout the body. This type of systemic sample coupled with broad-range amplification of bacterial sequences was used to determine whether a bacterial pathogen was associated with CFS. Plasma DNA from 34 CFS and 55 non- fatigued subjects was assessed to determine plasma DNA concentration and the presence of bacterial 16S ribosomal DNA (rDNA) sequences. DNA was isolated from 81 (91%) of 89 plasma samples. The 55 non-fatigued subjects had higher plasma DNA concentrations than those with CFS (average 151 versus 91 ng) and more CFS subjects (6/34, 18%) had no detectable plasma DNA than non-fatigued subjects (2/55, 4%), but these differences were not significant. Bacterial sequences were detected in 23 (26%) of 89. Only 4 (14%) CFS subjects had 16S rDNA sequences amplified from plasma compared with 17 (32%) of the non-fatigued (P = 0.03). All but 1 of the 23 16S rDNA amplicon-positive subjects had five or more unique sequences present. CFS subjects had slightly lower concentrations or no detectable plasma DNA than non-fatigued subjects. There was a diverse array of 16S rDNA sequences in plasma DNA from both CFS and non-fatigued subjects. There were no unique, previously uncharacterized or predominant 16S rDNA sequences in either CFS or non-fatigued subjects. JF - BMC Microbiology AU - Vernon, Suzanne D AU - Shukla, Sanjay K AU - Conradt, Jennifer AU - Unger, Elizabeth R AU - Reeves, William C AD - Division of Viral and Rickettsial Diseases, National Center for Infectious Diseases, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA 30333, USA, svernon@cdc.gov Y1 - 2002 PY - 2002 DA - 2002 PB - BioMed Central Ltd., Middlesex House 34-42 Cleveland Street London W1T 4LB UK, [mailto:info@biomedcentral.com], [URL:http://www.biomedcentral.com] VL - 2 KW - Microbiology Abstracts B: Bacteriology KW - Plasma KW - Nucleotide sequence KW - DNA KW - Lesions KW - Pathogens KW - chronic fatigue syndrome KW - Infection KW - rRNA 16S KW - J 02855:Human Bacteriology: Others UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/18043474?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologyb&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=BMC+Microbiology&rft.atitle=Analysis+of+16S+rRNA+gene+sequences+and+circulating+cell-free+DNA+from+plasma+of+chronic+fatigue+syndrome+and+non-fatigued+subjects&rft.au=Vernon%2C+Suzanne+D%3BShukla%2C+Sanjay+K%3BConradt%2C+Jennifer%3BUnger%2C+Elizabeth+R%3BReeves%2C+William+C&rft.aulast=Vernon&rft.aufirst=Suzanne&rft.date=2002-01-01&rft.volume=2&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=BMC+Microbiology&rft.issn=1471-2180&rft_id=info:doi/10.1186%2F1471-2180-2-39 L2 - http://www.biomedcentral.com/content/pdf/1471-2180-2-39.pdf LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Last updated - 2015-03-24 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Plasma; Nucleotide sequence; DNA; Lesions; Pathogens; Infection; chronic fatigue syndrome; rRNA 16S DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/1471-2180-2-39 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Assessment of the infectious diseases surveillance system of the Republic of Armenia: an example of surveillance in the Republics of the former Soviet Union AN - 18021870; 6057863 AB - Before 1991, the infectious diseases surveillance systems (IDSS) of the former Soviet Union (FSU) were centrally planned in Moscow. The dissolution of the FSU resulted in economic stresses on public health infrastructure. At the request of seven FSU Ministries of Health, we performed assessments of the IDSS designed to guide reform. The assessment of the Armenian infectious diseases surveillance system (AIDSS) is presented here as a prototype. We performed qualitative assessments using the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) guidelines for evaluating surveillance systems. Until 1996, the AIDSS collected aggregate and case-based data on 64 infectious diseases. It collected information on diseases of low pathogenicity (e.g., pediculosis) and those with no public health intervention (e.g., infectious mononucleosis). The specificity was poor because of the lack of case definitions. Most cases were investigated using a lengthy, non-disease-specific case-report form Armenian public health officials analyzed data descriptively and reported data upward from the local to national level, with little feedback. Information was not shared across vertical programs. Reform should focus on enhancing usefulness, efficiency, and effectiveness by reducing the quantity of data collected and revising reporting procedures and information types; improving the quality, analyses, and use of data at different levels; reducing system operations costs; and improving communications to reporting sources. These recommendations are generalizable to other FSU republics. The AIDSS was complex and sensitive, yet costly and inefficient. The flexibility, representativeness, and timeliness were good because of a comprehensive health-care system and compulsory reporting. Some data were questionable and some had no utility. JF - BMC Public Health AU - Wuhib, Tadesse AU - Chorba, Terence L AU - Davidiants, Vladimir AU - Kenzie, William R Mac AU - McNabb, Scott JN AD - Division of HIV/AIDS Prevention, National Center for HIV, STD, and TB Prevention, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA, USA, tew7@cdc.gov Y1 - 2002 PY - 2002 DA - 2002 PB - BioMed Central Ltd., Middlesex House 34-42 Cleveland Street London W1T 4LB UK, [mailto:info@biomedcentral.com], [URL:http://www.biomedcentral.com] VL - 2 SN - 1471-2458, 1471-2458 KW - Health & Safety Science Abstracts KW - Russia, Moscow KW - disease control KW - Public health KW - infectious diseases KW - Communications KW - Armenia KW - Health care KW - Economics KW - prevention KW - H 11000:Diseases/Injuries/Trauma UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/18021870?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Ahealthsafetyabstracts&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=BMC+Public+Health&rft.atitle=Assessment+of+the+infectious+diseases+surveillance+system+of+the+Republic+of+Armenia%3A+an+example+of+surveillance+in+the+Republics+of+the+former+Soviet+Union&rft.au=Wuhib%2C+Tadesse%3BChorba%2C+Terence+L%3BDavidiants%2C+Vladimir%3BKenzie%2C+William+R+Mac%3BMcNabb%2C+Scott+JN&rft.aulast=Wuhib&rft.aufirst=Tadesse&rft.date=2002-01-01&rft.volume=2&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=BMC+Public+Health&rft.issn=14712458&rft_id=info:doi/10.1186%2F1471-2458-2-3 LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Russia, Moscow; Armenia; infectious diseases; Public health; Economics; disease control; prevention; Health care; Communications DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/1471-2458-2-3 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Population differences in prevalence to Hev b 1 or Hev b 6.02 are not dependent on dermal penetration AN - 17038777; 5556217 AB - Health care workers (HCW) and spina bifida (SB) patients comprise two populations, which are particularly affected by latex allergy and demonstrate different profiles of sero-reactivity to individual latex proteins, with SB patients more frequently having antibodies to Hev b 1 and 3 and HCW to Hev b 5, 6, and 7. Given that HCW have extensive dermal exposure to latex proteins through the use of latex gloves, these studies were conducted to evaluate the percutaneous penetration of Hev b 1 and Hev b 6.02 as a potential factor in the divergent antibody responses observed in HCW and SB patients. Hairless guinea pig skin was used in in vitro flow through cells for percutaneous penetration studies and for immunohistological evaluation of protein localization in the skin. Skin samples were separated into intact and abraded exposure groups based on barrier integrity as measured by a super(3)H sub(2)O barrier test, and radioactive counts were determined for both skin and receptor fluid. Little protein penetration (less than 3%) was observed into or through intact skin samples following exposure to either protein. As expected, the degree of penetration through abraded samples was found to correlate significantly with the degree of abrasion for both proteins. Minimal disruption of the stratum corneum (less than 4% super(3)H sub(2)O penetration) was required to permit up to 50% Hev b 1 penetration. This was in contrast to the relationship observed for Hev b 6.02 where abrasion resulting in greater than 8% super(3)H sub(2)O penetration was required to permit more than 40% penetration of Hev b 6.02. Immunohistochemistry revealed Hev b 1 and Hev b 6.02 localized primarily in the stratum corneum when skin samples were intact and extending into the viable epidermis when abraded. These studies demonstrate that greater than 40% of Hev b 1 and Hev b 6.02 penetrate abraded skin with less abrasion required to achieve a higher degree of penetration with Hev b 1. Other factors including the amounts of individual proteins in latex products and physiological factors other than bioavailability through the skin must be considered in understanding the divergent antibody responses in HCW and SB patients. JF - Journal of Toxicology: Cutaneous and Ocular Toxicology AU - Howell, MD AU - Hayes, B B AU - Meade, B J AD - Agriculture and Immunotoxicology Group, National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, Morgantown, WV 26505, USA, bhm8@cdc.gov Y1 - 2002 PY - 2002 DA - 2002 SP - 293 EP - 305 VL - 21 IS - 4 SN - 0731-3829, 0731-3829 KW - Hev b 1 protein KW - Hev b 6.02 KW - guinea-pigs KW - health care workers KW - immunohistochemistry KW - lates KW - protein penetration KW - Toxicology Abstracts KW - X 24154:Pathology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/17038777?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxicologyabstracts&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Toxicology%3A+Cutaneous+and+Ocular+Toxicology&rft.atitle=Population+differences+in+prevalence+to+Hev+b+1+or+Hev+b+6.02+are+not+dependent+on+dermal+penetration&rft.au=Howell%2C+MD%3BHayes%2C+B+B%3BMeade%2C+B+J&rft.aulast=Howell&rft.aufirst=MD&rft.date=2002-01-01&rft.volume=21&rft.issue=4&rft.spage=293&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+Toxicology%3A+Cutaneous+and+Ocular+Toxicology&rft.issn=07313829&rft_id=info:doi/10.1081%2FCUS-120015901 LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1081/CUS-120015901 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Childhood abuse, household dysfunction, and the risk of attempted suicide throughout the life span: findings from the Adverse Childhood Experiences Study. AN - 72378147; 11754674 AB - Suicide is a leading cause of death in the United States, but identifying persons at risk is difficult. Thus, the US surgeon general has made suicide prevention a national priority. An expanding body of research suggests that childhood trauma and adverse experiences can lead to a variety of negative health outcomes, including attempted suicide among adolescents and adults. To examine the relationship between the risk of suicide attempts and adverse childhood experiences and the number of such experiences (adverse childhood experiences [ACE] score). A retrospective cohort study of 17 337 adult health maintenance organization members (54% female; mean [SD] age, 57 [15.3] years) who attended a primary care clinic in San Diego, Calif, within a 3-year period (1995-1997) and completed a survey about childhood abuse and household dysfunction, suicide attempts (including age at first attempt), and multiple other health-related issues. Self-reported suicide attempts, compared by number of adverse childhood experiences, including emotional, physical, and sexual abuse; household substance abuse, mental illness, and incarceration; and parental domestic violence, separation, or divorce. The lifetime prevalence of having at least 1 suicide attempt was 3.8%. Adverse childhood experiences in any category increased the risk of attempted suicide 2- to 5-fold. The ACE score had a strong, graded relationship to attempted suicide during childhood/adolescence and adulthood (P<.001). Compared with persons with no such experiences (prevalence of attempted suicide, 1.1%), the adjusted odds ratio of ever attempting suicide among persons with 7 or more experiences (35.2%) was 31.1 (95% confidence interval, 20.6-47.1). Adjustment for illicit drug use, depressed affect, and self-reported alcoholism reduced the strength of the relationship between the ACE score and suicide attempts, suggesting partial mediation of the adverse childhood experience-suicide attempt relationship by these factors. The population-attributable risk fractions for 1 or more experiences were 67%, 64%, and 80% for lifetime, adult, and childhood/adolescent suicide attempts, respectively. A powerful graded relationship exists between adverse childhood experiences and risk of attempted suicide throughout the life span. Alcoholism, depressed affect, and illicit drug use, which are strongly associated with such experiences, appear to partially mediate this relationship. Because estimates of the attributable risk fraction caused by these experiences were large, prevention of these experiences and the treatment of persons affected by them may lead to progress in suicide prevention. JF - JAMA AU - Dube, S R AU - Anda, R F AU - Felitti, V J AU - Chapman, D P AU - Williamson, D F AU - Giles, W H AD - Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, National Center for Chronic Disease Prevention and Health Promotion, Division of Adult and Community Health, 4770 Buford Hwy NE, MS K-45, Atlanta, GA 30341-3717, USA. skd7@cdc.gov Y1 - 2001/12/26/ PY - 2001 DA - 2001 Dec 26 SP - 3089 EP - 3096 VL - 286 IS - 24 SN - 0098-7484, 0098-7484 KW - Abridged Index Medicus KW - Index Medicus KW - Family Characteristics KW - Risk Factors KW - Humans KW - Domestic Violence -- statistics & numerical data KW - Adult KW - Retrospective Studies KW - Middle Aged KW - Child KW - Adolescent KW - Male KW - Female KW - Substance-Related Disorders -- epidemiology KW - Family Relations KW - Suicide, Attempted -- statistics & numerical data KW - Child Abuse -- statistics & numerical data KW - Psychology, Social -- statistics & numerical data KW - Suicide, Attempted -- prevention & control UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/72378147?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=JAMA&rft.atitle=Childhood+abuse%2C+household+dysfunction%2C+and+the+risk+of+attempted+suicide+throughout+the+life+span%3A+findings+from+the+Adverse+Childhood+Experiences+Study.&rft.au=Dube%2C+S+R%3BAnda%2C+R+F%3BFelitti%2C+V+J%3BChapman%2C+D+P%3BWilliamson%2C+D+F%3BGiles%2C+W+H&rft.aulast=Dube&rft.aufirst=S&rft.date=2001-12-26&rft.volume=286&rft.issue=24&rft.spage=3089&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=JAMA&rft.issn=00987484&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 2002-01-14 N1 - Date created - 2001-12-28 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - SuppNotes - Comment In: JAMA. 2001 Dec 26;286(24):3126-7 [11754679] N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Hepatitis E virus antibody prevalence among persons who work with swine. AN - 72344460; 11740735 AB - Prevalence of antibody and risk factors to hepatitis E virus (HEV) infection were determined in a cross-sectional study of 2 group-matched populations: swine farmers (n=264) and persons without occupational exposure to swine (n=255) in Moldova, a country without reported cases of hepatitis E. The prevalence of HEV infection was higher among swine farmers than among the comparison group (51.1% vs. 24.7%; prevalence ratio, 2.07; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.62-2.64). In multivariate analysis, HEV infection was associated with an occupational history of cleaning barns or assisting sows at birth (odds ratio [OR], 2.46; 95% CI, 1.52-4.01), years of occupational exposure (OR, 1.04 per year; 95% CI, 1.01-1.07), and a history of drinking raw milk (OR, 1.61; 95% CI, 1.08-2.40). HEV infection was not associated with civilian travel abroad or having piped water in the household. The increased prevalence of HEV infection among persons with occupational exposure to swine suggests animal-to-human transmission of this infection. JF - The Journal of infectious diseases AU - Drobeniuc, J AU - Favorov, M O AU - Shapiro, C N AU - Bell, B P AU - Mast, E E AU - Dadu, A AU - Culver, D AU - Iarovoi, P AU - Robertson, B H AU - Margolis, H S AD - Division of Viral and Rickettsial Diseases, National Center for Infectious Diseases, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia 30333, USA. jqd6@cdc.gov Y1 - 2001/12/15/ PY - 2001 DA - 2001 Dec 15 SP - 1594 EP - 1597 VL - 184 IS - 12 SN - 0022-1899, 0022-1899 KW - Hepatitis Antibodies KW - 0 KW - Abridged Index Medicus KW - Index Medicus KW - Occupational Exposure KW - Animals KW - Swine Diseases -- transmission KW - Risk Factors KW - Humans KW - Swine Diseases -- virology KW - Moldova -- epidemiology KW - Prevalence KW - Swine KW - Hepatitis Antibodies -- blood KW - Hepatitis E -- epidemiology KW - Hepatitis E -- veterinary KW - Agricultural Workers' Diseases -- epidemiology KW - Animal Husbandry KW - Hepatitis E virus -- immunology KW - Hepatitis E -- virology KW - Agricultural Workers' Diseases -- virology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/72344460?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Journal+of+infectious+diseases&rft.atitle=Hepatitis+E+virus+antibody+prevalence+among+persons+who+work+with+swine.&rft.au=Drobeniuc%2C+J%3BFavorov%2C+M+O%3BShapiro%2C+C+N%3BBell%2C+B+P%3BMast%2C+E+E%3BDadu%2C+A%3BCulver%2C+D%3BIarovoi%2C+P%3BRobertson%2C+B+H%3BMargolis%2C+H+S&rft.aulast=Drobeniuc&rft.aufirst=J&rft.date=2001-12-15&rft.volume=184&rft.issue=12&rft.spage=1594&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=The+Journal+of+infectious+diseases&rft.issn=00221899&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 2002-01-15 N1 - Date created - 2001-12-12 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Combination vaccines: postlicensure safety evaluation. AN - 72282222; 11709768 AB - The success of immunizations in nearly eliminating many vaccine-preventable diseases has resulted in an increase in the need to study risks from vaccines, combination or otherwise. The well-known limitations associated with prelicensure trials have led many to hope that postlicensure studies can address safety issues. This article reviews measures that have been or should be taken to meet this expectation: establishment of clinical immunization safety assessment centers, standardization of case definitions for vaccine adverse events, use of the Vaccine Identification Standards Initiative to improve the accuracy and efficiency with which vaccination records are transferred, integration of vaccine safety monitoring into immunization registries, establishment (and enlargement) of the Vaccine Safety Datalink project, use of innovative analytic tools for better signal detection, and implementation of various methods to overcome confounding by contraindication. Only by investing in vaccine safety infrastructure at a level commensurate with investments in vaccine development can we hope to retain the public's confidence in immunization. JF - Clinical infectious diseases : an official publication of the Infectious Diseases Society of America AU - Chen, R T AU - Pool, V AU - Takahashi, H AU - Weniger, B G AU - Patel, B AD - Vaccine Safety and Development Activity, National Immunization Program, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA 30333, USA. bchen@cdc.gov Y1 - 2001/12/15/ PY - 2001 DA - 2001 Dec 15 SP - S327 EP - S333 VL - 33 Suppl 4 SN - 1058-4838, 1058-4838 KW - Vaccines, Combined KW - 0 KW - Index Medicus KW - Software KW - Drug Packaging KW - Adverse Drug Reaction Reporting Systems KW - Humans KW - Product Surveillance, Postmarketing KW - Clinical Trials as Topic KW - Data Collection KW - Terminology as Topic KW - Vaccines, Combined -- adverse effects KW - Vaccines, Combined -- contraindications UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/72282222?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Clinical+infectious+diseases+%3A+an+official+publication+of+the+Infectious+Diseases+Society+of+America&rft.atitle=Combination+vaccines%3A+postlicensure+safety+evaluation.&rft.au=Chen%2C+R+T%3BPool%2C+V%3BTakahashi%2C+H%3BWeniger%2C+B+G%3BPatel%2C+B&rft.aulast=Chen&rft.aufirst=R&rft.date=2001-12-15&rft.volume=33+Suppl+4&rft.issue=&rft.spage=S327&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Clinical+infectious+diseases+%3A+an+official+publication+of+the+Infectious+Diseases+Society+of+America&rft.issn=10584838&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 2002-02-12 N1 - Date created - 2001-11-15 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - State-specific prevalence of current cigarette smoking among adults, and policies and attitudes about secondhand smoke--United States, 2000. AN - 72405281; 11794619 AB - Tobacco use, particularly cigarette smoking, is the leading preventable cause of death in the United States, but the health consequences extend beyond smokers to nonsmokers involuntarily exposed to environmental tobacco smoke or secondhand smoke (SHS). Each year, an estimated 3,000 lung cancer deaths and 62,000 deaths from coronary heart disease in adult nonsmokers are attributed to SHS. Among children, SHS causes sudden infant death syndrome, low birthweight, chronic middle ear infections, and respiratory illnesses (e.g., asthma, bronchitis, and pneumonia). Two national health objectives for 2010 are to reduce cigarette smoking among adults to 12% (objective 27-1) and the proportion of nonsmokers exposed to environmental tobacco smoke to 45% (objective 27-10). To characterize state-specific prevalence of cigarette smoking among adults, exposure to SHS at home, smoke-free workplace policies, and attitudes toward smoke-free policies by state, CDC analyzed data from the 2000 Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System (BRFSS). This report summarizes the results of that analysis and indicates that in 2000, state-specific adult smoking prevalence ranged from 12.9%-30.5%, and high levels of public support exist, even among smokers, for smoke-free policies in many settings. States should implement comprehensive programs to reduce tobacco use and adopt clean indoor air policies to reduce involuntary exposure to SHS. JF - MMWR. Morbidity and mortality weekly report AU - Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) AD - Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) Y1 - 2001/12/14/ PY - 2001 DA - 2001 Dec 14 SP - 1101 EP - 1106 VL - 50 IS - 49 SN - 0149-2195, 0149-2195 KW - Tobacco Smoke Pollution KW - 0 KW - Index Medicus KW - United States KW - Humans KW - Adult KW - Attitude KW - Male KW - Female KW - Prevalence KW - Smoking -- legislation & jurisprudence KW - Tobacco Smoke Pollution -- prevention & control KW - Tobacco Smoke Pollution -- legislation & jurisprudence KW - Public Health -- legislation & jurisprudence KW - Tobacco Smoke Pollution -- statistics & numerical data KW - Smoking -- prevention & control KW - Smoking -- epidemiology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/72405281?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=MMWR.+Morbidity+and+mortality+weekly+report&rft.atitle=State-specific+prevalence+of+current+cigarette+smoking+among+adults%2C+and+policies+and+attitudes+about+secondhand+smoke--United+States%2C+2000.&rft.au=Centers+for+Disease+Control+and+Prevention+%28CDC%29&rft.aulast=Centers+for+Disease+Control+and+Prevention+%28CDC%29&rft.aufirst=&rft.date=2001-12-14&rft.volume=50&rft.issue=49&rft.spage=1101&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=MMWR.+Morbidity+and+mortality+weekly+report&rft.issn=01492195&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 2002-01-24 N1 - Date created - 2002-01-16 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Use of onsite technologies for rapidly assessing environmental Bacillus anthracis contamination on surfaces in buildings. AN - 72380973; 11770505 AB - Environmental sampling to ascertain the presence of Bacillus anthracis spores in buildings is an important tool for assessing risk for exposure. Similar to diagnostic testing, culture with positive identification of B. anthracis (CDC culture method) is the confirmatory test. Laboratory-based polymerase chain reaction (PCR) methods for detecting genetic material of B. anthracis can be used in preliminary assessments and as adjuncts to microbiologic methods. Although these tests are consistent with culture results, PCR methods are not approved by the Food and Drug Administration, and results should not be the basis for clinical decisions. JF - MMWR. Morbidity and mortality weekly report AU - Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) AD - Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) Y1 - 2001/12/07/ PY - 2001 DA - 2001 Dec 07 SP - 1087 VL - 50 IS - 48 SN - 0149-2195, 0149-2195 KW - Index Medicus KW - Polymerase Chain Reaction KW - Environmental Microbiology KW - Bacillus anthracis -- isolation & purification KW - Public Health Practice KW - Environmental Exposure KW - Bacteriological Techniques KW - Spores, Bacterial -- isolation & purification UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/72380973?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=MMWR.+Morbidity+and+mortality+weekly+report&rft.atitle=Use+of+onsite+technologies+for+rapidly+assessing+environmental+Bacillus+anthracis+contamination+on+surfaces+in+buildings.&rft.au=Centers+for+Disease+Control+and+Prevention+%28CDC%29&rft.aulast=Centers+for+Disease+Control+and+Prevention+%28CDC%29&rft.aufirst=&rft.date=2001-12-07&rft.volume=50&rft.issue=48&rft.spage=1087&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=MMWR.+Morbidity+and+mortality+weekly+report&rft.issn=01492195&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 2002-01-02 N1 - Date created - 2001-12-27 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - CONF T1 - Therapeutic approaches: session XI summary and research needs. AN - 72427306; 11829422 JF - Neurotoxicology AU - Williams-Johnso, M AU - Isacson, O Y1 - 2001/12// PY - 2001 DA - December 2001 SP - 855 EP - 858 VL - 22 IS - 6 KW - Antiparkinson Agents KW - 0 KW - Index Medicus KW - Animals KW - Humans KW - Electric Stimulation Therapy KW - Disease Models, Animal KW - Brain -- physiology KW - Parkinson Disease -- therapy KW - Antiparkinson Agents -- therapeutic use KW - Parkinson Disease -- physiopathology KW - Parkinson Disease -- genetics KW - Parkinson Disease -- surgery UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/72427306?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=conference&rft.jtitle=Neurotoxicology&rft.atitle=Therapeutic+approaches%3A+session+XI+summary+and+research+needs.&rft.au=Williams-Johnso%2C+M%3BIsacson%2C+O&rft.aulast=Williams-Johnso&rft.aufirst=M&rft.date=2001-12-01&rft.volume=22&rft.issue=6&rft.spage=855&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Neurotoxicology&rft.issn=0161813X&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 2002-07-17 N1 - Date created - 2002-02-06 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Growing up with parental alcohol abuse: exposure to childhood abuse, neglect, and household dysfunction. AN - 72416102; 11814159 AB - This study is a detailed examination of the association between parental alcohol abuse (mother only, father only, or both parents) and multiple forms of childhood abuse, neglect, and other household dysfunction, known as adverse childhood experiences (ACEs). A questionnaire about ACEs including child abuse, neglect, household dysfunction, and exposure to parental alcohol abuse was completed by 8629 adult HMO members to retrospectively assess the relationship of growing up with parental alcohol abuse to 10 ACEs and multiple ACEs (ACE score). Compared to persons who grew up with no parental alcohol abuse, the adjusted odds ratio for each category of ACE was approximately 2 to 13 times higher if either the mother, father, or both parents abused alcohol (p < 0.05). For example, the likelihood of having a battered mother was increased 13-fold for men who grew up with both parents who abused alcohol (OR, 12.7; 95% CI: 8.4-19.1). For almost every ACE, those who grew up with both an alcohol-abusing mother and father had the highest likelihood of ACEs. The mean number of ACEs for persons with no parental alcohol abuse, father only, mother only, or both parents was 1.4, 2.6, 3.2, and 3.8, respectively (p < .001). Although the retrospective reporting of these experiences cannot establish a causal association with certainty, exposure to parental alcohol abuse is highly associated with experiencing adverse childhood experiences. Improved coordination of adult and pediatric health care along with related social and substance abuse services may lead to earlier recognition, treatment, and prevention of both adult alcohol abuse and adverse childhood experiences, reducing the negative sequelae of ACEs in adolescents and adults. JF - Child abuse & neglect AU - Dube, S R AU - Anda, R F AU - Felitti, V J AU - Croft, J B AU - Edwards, V J AU - Giles, W H AD - National Center for Chronic Disease Prevention and Health Promotion, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA 30341-3717, USA. Y1 - 2001/12// PY - 2001 DA - December 2001 SP - 1627 EP - 1640 VL - 25 IS - 12 SN - 0145-2134, 0145-2134 KW - Index Medicus KW - Causality KW - Time KW - Life Change Events KW - Humans KW - Adult KW - Surveys and Questionnaires KW - Health Behavior KW - Middle Aged KW - Child KW - Adolescent KW - Likelihood Functions KW - California -- epidemiology KW - Male KW - Female KW - Prevalence KW - Health Maintenance Organizations -- utilization KW - Child Abuse -- psychology KW - Alcoholism -- epidemiology KW - Child Abuse -- statistics & numerical data KW - Child of Impaired Parents -- psychology KW - Child of Impaired Parents -- statistics & numerical data KW - Alcoholism -- psychology KW - Alcoholism -- complications UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/72416102?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Child+abuse+%26+neglect&rft.atitle=Growing+up+with+parental+alcohol+abuse%3A+exposure+to+childhood+abuse%2C+neglect%2C+and+household+dysfunction.&rft.au=Dube%2C+S+R%3BAnda%2C+R+F%3BFelitti%2C+V+J%3BCroft%2C+J+B%3BEdwards%2C+V+J%3BGiles%2C+W+H&rft.aulast=Dube&rft.aufirst=S&rft.date=2001-12-01&rft.volume=25&rft.issue=12&rft.spage=1627&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Child+abuse+%26+neglect&rft.issn=01452134&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 2002-03-26 N1 - Date created - 2002-01-29 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Emergency health care encounters for adverse effects of medical treatment. AN - 72407856; 11794839 AB - There are approximately 1.4 million visits annually to emergency departments of nonfederal, general, and short-stay hospitals for adverse effects of medical treatment. These include visits for injuries and illnesses sustained through complications of medical and surgical care, including adverse drug reactions. The rate of visits for adverse effects has increased from 3.1 visits per 1,000 persons in 1992 to 5.2 visits in 1999. Visit rates are substantially higher for persons aged 65 years and older. JF - Managed care interface AU - Burt, C W AD - Division of Health Care Statistics, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention's National Center for Health Statistics, Hyattsville, Maryland, USA. cburt@cdc.gov Y1 - 2001/12// PY - 2001 DA - December 2001 SP - 39 EP - 42 VL - 14 IS - 12 SN - 1096-5645, 1096-5645 KW - Health administration KW - Infant KW - Health Care Surveys KW - Aged, 80 and over KW - Humans KW - Drug-Related Side Effects and Adverse Reactions KW - Adult KW - Aged KW - Postoperative Complications -- epidemiology KW - National Center for Health Statistics (U.S.) KW - Middle Aged KW - United States -- epidemiology KW - Prevalence KW - Emergency Service, Hospital -- utilization KW - Iatrogenic Disease -- epidemiology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/72407856?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Managed+care+interface&rft.atitle=Emergency+health+care+encounters+for+adverse+effects+of+medical+treatment.&rft.au=Burt%2C+C+W&rft.aulast=Burt&rft.aufirst=C&rft.date=2001-12-01&rft.volume=14&rft.issue=12&rft.spage=39&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Managed+care+interface&rft.issn=10965645&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 2002-02-21 N1 - Date created - 2002-01-17 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Evidence of rodent-associated Bartonella and Rickettsia infections among intravenous drug users from Central and East Harlem, New York City. AN - 72398117; 11791987 AB - We tested serum samples collected in 1997 and 1998 from a cohort of 204 injection drug users (IDUs) recruited from Central and East Harlem, New York City, New York, for antibodies reactive with seven rickettsial or Bartonella spp. antigens. Rodent-associated Bartonella elizabethae and Rickettsia akari were the primary etiologic agents of interest. The testing panel also included Bartonella henselae, Bartonella quintana, Rickettsia prowazekii, Rickettsia rickettsii, and Rickettsia typhi. The highest prevalence of seroreactive serum samples (46%) was found with B. elizabethae antigens; 10% of the samples reacted with B. henselae antigens, while 2% reacted with B. quintana antigens. Reactivity to the latter two antigens was likely due to cross-reactivity with B. elizabethae antigens in most instances. Among the spotted fever group rickettsiae, 18 (9%) samples reacted with R. akari, including 10 samples (5%) that also reacted with R. rickettsii. Cross-adsorption studies demonstrated that most of the spotted fever group rickettsiae antibodies were due to R. akari infections. Among the typhus group rickettsiae, 5 samples reacted weakly to R. prowazekii antigens, and no samples reacted with R. typhi antigens. These findings suggest that Harlem IDUs are commonly exposed to two rodent-associated zoonotic agents. Further study of IDU populations may help elucidate transmission cycles of these agents in inner cities where higher levels of transmission occur. JF - The American journal of tropical medicine and hygiene AU - Comer, J A AU - Diaz, T AU - Vlahov, D AU - Monterroso, E AU - Childs, J E AD - Viral and Rickettsial Zoonoses Branch, National Center for Infectious Diseases, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia 30333, USA. jnc0@cdc.gov Y1 - 2001/12// PY - 2001 DA - December 2001 SP - 855 EP - 860 VL - 65 IS - 6 SN - 0002-9637, 0002-9637 KW - Antibodies, Bacterial KW - 0 KW - Abridged Index Medicus KW - Index Medicus KW - Animals KW - Urban Health KW - Fluorescent Antibody Technique, Indirect KW - Humans KW - Cross Reactions -- immunology KW - Rats KW - HIV Seropositivity KW - New York City -- epidemiology KW - Adult KW - Cohort Studies KW - Surveys and Questionnaires KW - Adolescent KW - Female KW - Male KW - Prevalence KW - Rickettsia Infections -- epidemiology KW - Rickettsia -- immunology KW - Bartonella Infections -- complications KW - Antibodies, Bacterial -- blood KW - Substance Abuse, Intravenous -- epidemiology KW - Substance Abuse, Intravenous -- complications KW - Rickettsia Infections -- complications KW - Bartonella -- immunology KW - Bartonella Infections -- epidemiology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/72398117?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+American+journal+of+tropical+medicine+and+hygiene&rft.atitle=Evidence+of+rodent-associated+Bartonella+and+Rickettsia+infections+among+intravenous+drug+users+from+Central+and+East+Harlem%2C+New+York+City.&rft.au=Comer%2C+J+A%3BDiaz%2C+T%3BVlahov%2C+D%3BMonterroso%2C+E%3BChilds%2C+J+E&rft.aulast=Comer&rft.aufirst=J&rft.date=2001-12-01&rft.volume=65&rft.issue=6&rft.spage=855&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=The+American+journal+of+tropical+medicine+and+hygiene&rft.issn=00029637&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 2002-01-30 N1 - Date created - 2002-01-15 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Agents of bioterrorism. Preparing for bioterrorism at the community health care level. AN - 72384915; 11780270 AB - Bioterrorism preparedness is clearly a goal for the health care community, working in concert with city, county, state, and federal public health and emergency authorities and in collaboration with law enforcement at the local and federal levels. Opening the channels of communication between all groups involved, obtaining the necessary resources, and maintaining an understanding of the potential agents and the diseases they cause will foster a smooth transition to a rational program directed at patient, personnel, and community safety. JF - Infectious disease clinics of North America AU - Miller, J M AD - Epidemiology and Laboratory Branch, Division of Health Care Quality Promotion, National Center for Infectious Diseases, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia, USA. Jmm8@cdc.gov Y1 - 2001/12// PY - 2001 DA - December 2001 SP - 1127 EP - 1156 VL - 15 IS - 4 SN - 0891-5520, 0891-5520 KW - Vaccines KW - 0 KW - Index Medicus KW - United States KW - Hemorrhagic Fevers, Viral -- diagnosis KW - Botulism -- diagnosis KW - Anthrax -- diagnosis KW - Humans KW - Disaster Planning KW - Brucellosis -- diagnosis KW - Smallpox -- diagnosis KW - Disease Outbreaks -- statistics & numerical data KW - Vaccines -- therapeutic use KW - Tularemia -- diagnosis KW - Population Surveillance KW - Plague -- diagnosis KW - Bioterrorism -- statistics & numerical data KW - Bioterrorism -- prevention & control KW - Community Health Services -- organization & administration UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/72384915?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Infectious+disease+clinics+of+North+America&rft.atitle=Agents+of+bioterrorism.+Preparing+for+bioterrorism+at+the+community+health+care+level.&rft.au=Miller%2C+J+M&rft.aulast=Miller&rft.aufirst=J&rft.date=2001-12-01&rft.volume=15&rft.issue=4&rft.spage=1127&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Infectious+disease+clinics+of+North+America&rft.issn=08915520&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 2002-05-22 N1 - Date created - 2002-01-08 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Non-fatal animal related injuries to youth occurring on farms in the United States, 1998. AN - 72375689; 11770657 AB - To provide data on the magnitude and patterns of animal related on-farm injuries to youth in the United States. A survey of 26,000 farm households conducted for the National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health by the United States Department of Agriculture in 1998. Youth younger than 20 years of age. There were an estimated 6,438 animal related on-farm injuries to youth in 1998. 70% occurred to farm residents; 69% were work related. Males accounted for 64% and approximately 41% occurred to those younger than 10; 37% involved horses and 31% cattle. Most horse related injuries occurred to females and a majority of the cattle related injuries were to males. Additionally, most of the cattle related injuries were work related, while horse related injuries were mainly nonwork. One out of every five youth injuries occurring on farms in the United States is animal related. These animal related injuries were due to both work and non-work related exposures. The large number of horse and cattle related injuries highlights a need for intervention strategies based on the injury circumstances common to these animals. JF - Injury prevention : journal of the International Society for Child and Adolescent Injury Prevention AU - Hendricks, K J AU - Adekoya, N AD - Division of Safety Research, National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, Morgantown, WV 26505, USA. khendricks@cdc.gov Y1 - 2001/12// PY - 2001 DA - December 2001 SP - 307 EP - 311 VL - 7 IS - 4 SN - 1353-8047, 1353-8047 KW - Index Medicus KW - Agriculture KW - Animals KW - Humans KW - Child KW - Adolescent KW - United States -- epidemiology KW - Male KW - Female KW - Animals, Domestic KW - Wounds and Injuries -- epidemiology KW - Accidents, Occupational -- statistics & numerical data UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/72375689?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Injury+prevention+%3A+journal+of+the+International+Society+for+Child+and+Adolescent+Injury+Prevention&rft.atitle=Non-fatal+animal+related+injuries+to+youth+occurring+on+farms+in+the+United+States%2C+1998.&rft.au=Hendricks%2C+K+J%3BAdekoya%2C+N&rft.aulast=Hendricks&rft.aufirst=K&rft.date=2001-12-01&rft.volume=7&rft.issue=4&rft.spage=307&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Injury+prevention+%3A+journal+of+the+International+Society+for+Child+and+Adolescent+Injury+Prevention&rft.issn=13538047&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 2002-05-09 N1 - Date created - 2001-12-27 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - SuppNotes - Cited By: Injury. 1981 Jan;12(4):279-82 [7263029] Pediatrics. 1985 Oct;76(4):562-6 [4047799] JAMA. 1990 Jun 13;263(22):3047-50 [2342216] Am J Public Health. 1991 Jun;81(6):766-8 [2029052] J Trauma. 1991 Dec;31(12):1632-7 [1749035] J Occup Med. 1992 Apr;34(4):414-21 [1564580] AAOHN J. 1997 Sep;45(9):446-50 [9375998] Pediatrics. 1995 Apr;95(4):487-9 [7700745] Public Health Rep. 1995 May-Jun;110(3):350-4 [7610229] Can J Public Health. 1995 Jul-Aug;86(4):246-8 [7497410] Injury. 1996 Mar;27(2):103-5 [8730383] Epidemiology. 1997 Jan;8(1):37-41 [9116092] Inj Prev. 1997 Sep;3(3):190-4 [9338830] Am J Forensic Med Pathol. 1993 Mar;14(1):28-30 [8493964] N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - The role of tumor necrosis factor-alpha in liver toxicity, inflammation, and fibrosis induced by carbon tetrachloride. AN - 72352455; 11740910 AB - Hepatic expression of the proinflammatory cytokine tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNFalpha) occurs in many acute and chronic liver diseases, as well as following exposure to hepatotoxic chemicals, and is believed to help influence both the damage and repair processes that occur following these insults by regulating additional mediators. We examined the role of TNFalpha in transgenic mice deficient in TNF receptors (TNFR) utilizing carbon tetrachloride (CCl(4)) as a model hepatotoxic agent that allowed for the evaluation of necrosis, inflammation, and fibrosis. Hepatocyte damage, as evident by local areas of liver necrosis and elevated levels of serum transaminase, occurred to a similar degree in wild-type and TNFR-deficient knockout (KO) mice following acute exposure to CCl(4). In contrast, the inflammatory response, manifested as an inflammatory cell influx, as well as induction of chemokines and adhesion molecules that occurred in wild-type mice following treatment with CCl(4), was not as evident in TNFR-KO mice. This response was associated primarily with type-1 (TNFR1) rather than type-2 (TNFR2) receptor responses. Liver fibrosis resulting from chronic CCl(4) exposure was also markedly dependent upon TNFalpha as demonstrated by almost a complete histological absence of fibrosis in TNFR-deficient mice. This was further supported by marked reductions in procollagen and transforming growth factor beta synthesis in TNFR-deficient mice. Taken together, these results indicate that TNFalpha is responsible for regulating products that induce inflammation and fibrosis but not direct hepatocyte damage in CCl(4)-induced hepatotoxicity. JF - Toxicology and applied pharmacology AU - Simeonova, P P AU - Gallucci, R M AU - Hulderman, T AU - Wilson, R AU - Kommineni, C AU - Rao, M AU - Luster, M I AD - Toxicology and Molecular Biology Branch, National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, 1095 Willowdale Road, Morgantown, West Virginia 26505, USA. phs9@cdc.gov Y1 - 2001/12/01/ PY - 2001 DA - 2001 Dec 01 SP - 112 EP - 120 VL - 177 IS - 2 SN - 0041-008X, 0041-008X KW - Fibrillar Collagens KW - 0 KW - Receptors, Tumor Necrosis Factor KW - Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha KW - Intercellular Adhesion Molecule-1 KW - 126547-89-5 KW - Carbon Tetrachloride KW - CL2T97X0V0 KW - Peroxidase KW - EC 1.11.1.7 KW - Aspartate Aminotransferases KW - EC 2.6.1.1 KW - Alanine Transaminase KW - EC 2.6.1.2 KW - Index Medicus KW - Animals KW - Fibrillar Collagens -- metabolism KW - Random Allocation KW - Peroxidase -- metabolism KW - Intercellular Adhesion Molecule-1 -- biosynthesis KW - Mice KW - Histocytochemistry KW - Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction KW - Mice, Transgenic KW - Mice, Knockout KW - Aspartate Aminotransferases -- blood KW - Alanine Transaminase -- blood KW - Intercellular Adhesion Molecule-1 -- analysis KW - Mice, Inbred C57BL KW - Gene Expression Regulation KW - Liver Cirrhosis -- chemically induced KW - Liver -- pathology KW - Chemical and Drug Induced Liver Injury -- etiology KW - Liver -- drug effects KW - Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha -- immunology KW - Liver Cirrhosis -- immunology KW - Receptors, Tumor Necrosis Factor -- antagonists & inhibitors KW - Carbon Tetrachloride -- toxicity KW - Receptors, Tumor Necrosis Factor -- genetics KW - Chemical and Drug Induced Liver Injury -- immunology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/72352455?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Toxicology+and+applied+pharmacology&rft.atitle=The+role+of+tumor+necrosis+factor-alpha+in+liver+toxicity%2C+inflammation%2C+and+fibrosis+induced+by+carbon+tetrachloride.&rft.au=Simeonova%2C+P+P%3BGallucci%2C+R+M%3BHulderman%2C+T%3BWilson%2C+R%3BKommineni%2C+C%3BRao%2C+M%3BLuster%2C+M+I&rft.aulast=Simeonova&rft.aufirst=P&rft.date=2001-12-01&rft.volume=177&rft.issue=2&rft.spage=112&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Toxicology+and+applied+pharmacology&rft.issn=0041008X&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 2002-01-17 N1 - Date created - 2001-12-13 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Vaccination policies and programs: the federal government's role in making the system work. AN - 72347181; 11739026 AB - Government agencies play a key role, from preclinical development to postlicensure monitoring, in making vaccinations one of the leading public health interventions. Important steps in this process include development and testing of vaccine antigens, evaluation of clinical and manufacturing data leading to licensure, formulation of recommendations, vaccine purchase, defining strategies to improve coverage, compensation of those injured by vaccine adverse reactions, and monitoring vaccine impact and safety. Using examples of newly recommended vaccines, this article describes the infrastructure that underlies a safe and effective program and highlights some of the opportunities and threats likely to impact the system in coming years. JF - Primary care AU - Schwartz, B AU - Orenstein, W A AD - National Immunization Program, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia 30333, USA. bxsl@cdc.gov Y1 - 2001/12// PY - 2001 DA - December 2001 SP - 697 EP - 711, v VL - 28 IS - 4 SN - 0095-4543, 0095-4543 KW - Vaccines KW - 0 KW - Index Medicus KW - United States KW - United States Food and Drug Administration KW - Adverse Drug Reaction Reporting Systems KW - Humans KW - Product Surveillance, Postmarketing KW - Male KW - Female KW - Vaccines -- standards KW - Vaccines -- adverse effects KW - Drug Approval -- legislation & jurisprudence KW - United States Public Health Service -- organization & administration KW - Public Health Administration KW - Health Policy KW - Drug Approval -- organization & administration KW - Immunization Programs -- organization & administration UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/72347181?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Primary+care&rft.atitle=Vaccination+policies+and+programs%3A+the+federal+government%27s+role+in+making+the+system+work.&rft.au=Schwartz%2C+B%3BOrenstein%2C+W+A&rft.aulast=Schwartz&rft.aufirst=B&rft.date=2001-12-01&rft.volume=28&rft.issue=4&rft.spage=697&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Primary+care&rft.issn=00954543&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 2002-01-22 N1 - Date created - 2001-12-13 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Salmonella Typhimurium infections transmitted by chlorine-pretreated clover sprout seeds. AN - 72305074; 11724718 AB - Raw seed sprouts have caused numerous outbreaks of enteric infections. Presoaking seeds in a 20,000 mg/liter (ppm) calcium hypochlorite solution before sprouting is recommended to reduce bacterial contamination and infection risk. In 1999, the authors investigated an outbreak of Salmonella serotype Typhimurium infections in Colorado. In a case-control study, they matched 20 cases with 58 controls by age, sex, and telephone prefix; 10 (52%) of 19 cases and no controls recalled eating raw alfalfa-style sprouts in the 5 days before the patient's illness (p < 0.00001). Traceback implicated clover sprouts grown from seeds shared by two sprouters. The time period and region over which these sprouts were sold matched the occurrences of 112 culture-confirmed illnesses. Only one of the sprouters presoaked seeds as recommended, and fewer infections were attributable to this sprouter (0.29 vs. 1.13 culture-confirmed infections/50-pound (110.1-kg) bag of seed). After recall of the implicated sprouts and seed, S. Typhimurium illnesses declined. Contaminated raw clover sprouts can cause outbreaks of enteric illness. Presoaking contaminated seeds in a 20,000 mg/liter calcium hypochlorite solution reduces, but does not eliminate, the risk of infection. Until safer production methods are developed, persons eating raw sprouts continue to risk developing potentially serious gastrointestinal illness. JF - American journal of epidemiology AU - Brooks, J T AU - Rowe, S Y AU - Shillam, P AU - Heltzel, D M AU - Hunter, S B AU - Slutsker, L AU - Hoekstra, R M AU - Luby, S P AD - Epidemic Intelligence Service, Division of Applied Public Health Training, Epidemiology Program Office, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA 30333, USA. zud4@cdc.gov Y1 - 2001/12/01/ PY - 2001 DA - 2001 Dec 01 SP - 1020 EP - 1028 VL - 154 IS - 11 SN - 0002-9262, 0002-9262 KW - Calcium Compounds KW - 0 KW - calcium hypochlorite KW - 11DXB629VZ KW - Index Medicus KW - Humans KW - Child KW - Seeds -- microbiology KW - Disease Outbreaks KW - Likelihood Functions KW - Gastroenteritis -- epidemiology KW - Food Microbiology KW - Disinfection -- methods KW - Logistic Models KW - Gastroenteritis -- microbiology KW - Adult KW - Case-Control Studies KW - Middle Aged KW - Adolescent KW - Colorado -- epidemiology KW - Male KW - Female KW - Salmonella Food Poisoning -- etiology KW - Medicago -- microbiology KW - Salmonella typhimurium -- isolation & purification KW - Salmonella Food Poisoning -- epidemiology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/72305074?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=American+journal+of+epidemiology&rft.atitle=Salmonella+Typhimurium+infections+transmitted+by+chlorine-pretreated+clover+sprout+seeds.&rft.au=Brooks%2C+J+T%3BRowe%2C+S+Y%3BShillam%2C+P%3BHeltzel%2C+D+M%3BHunter%2C+S+B%3BSlutsker%2C+L%3BHoekstra%2C+R+M%3BLuby%2C+S+P&rft.aulast=Brooks&rft.aufirst=J&rft.date=2001-12-01&rft.volume=154&rft.issue=11&rft.spage=1020&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=American+journal+of+epidemiology&rft.issn=00029262&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 2002-01-17 N1 - Date created - 2001-11-28 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - SuppNotes - Erratum In: Am J Epidemiol 2002 May 15;155(10):980 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Factors associated with pilot fatality in work-related aircraft crashes, Alaska, 1990-1999. AN - 72304373; 11724720 AB - Work-related aircraft crashes are the leading cause of occupational fatality in Alaska, with civilian pilots having the highest fatality rate (410/100,000/year). To identify factors affecting survivability, the authors examined work-related aircraft crashes that occurred in Alaska in the 1990s (1990-1999), comparing crashes with pilot fatalities to crashes in which the pilot survived. Using data from National Transportation Safety Board reports, the authors carried out logistic regression analysis with the following variables: age, flight experience, use of a shoulder restraint, weather conditions (visual flight vs. instrument flight), light conditions (daylight vs. darkness), type of aircraft (airplane vs. helicopter), postcrash fire, crash location (airport vs. elsewhere), and state of residence. In the main-effects model, significant associations were found between fatality and postcrash fire (adjusted odds ratio (AOR) = 6.43, 95% confidence interval (CI): 2.38, 17.37), poor weather (AOR = 4.11, 95% CI: 2.15, 7.87), and non-Alaska resident status (AOR = 2.10, 95% CI: 1.05, 4.20). Protective effects were seen for shoulder restraint use (AOR = 0.40, 95% CI: 0.21, 0.77) and daylight versus darkness (AOR = 0.50, 95% CI: 0.25, 0.99). The finding that state of residence was associated with survivability offers new information on pilot survivability in work-related aircraft crashes in Alaska. These results may be useful in targeting safety interventions for pilots who fly occupationally in Alaska or in similar environments. JF - American journal of epidemiology AU - Bensyl, D M AU - Moran, K AU - Conway, G A AD - Epidemic Intelligence Service, Division of Applied Public Health Training, Epidemiology Program Office, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA, USA. dbensyl@cdc.gov Y1 - 2001/12/01/ PY - 2001 DA - 2001 Dec 01 SP - 1037 EP - 1042 VL - 154 IS - 11 SN - 0002-9262, 0002-9262 KW - Index Medicus KW - Weather KW - Chi-Square Distribution KW - Humans KW - Alaska -- epidemiology KW - Fires -- statistics & numerical data KW - Cause of Death KW - Logistic Models KW - Risk Factors KW - Adult KW - Seat Belts -- statistics & numerical data KW - Time Factors KW - Female KW - Male KW - Survival Analysis KW - Accidents, Aviation -- trends KW - Accidents, Occupational -- trends KW - Accidents, Aviation -- mortality KW - Accidents, Occupational -- mortality UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/72304373?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=American+journal+of+epidemiology&rft.atitle=Factors+associated+with+pilot+fatality+in+work-related+aircraft+crashes%2C+Alaska%2C+1990-1999.&rft.au=Bensyl%2C+D+M%3BMoran%2C+K%3BConway%2C+G+A&rft.aulast=Bensyl&rft.aufirst=D&rft.date=2001-12-01&rft.volume=154&rft.issue=11&rft.spage=1037&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=American+journal+of+epidemiology&rft.issn=00029262&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 2002-01-17 N1 - Date created - 2001-11-28 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Investigation of systemic lupus erythematosus in Nogales, Arizona. AN - 72304187; 11724719 AB - In 1996, a citizens group in Nogales, Arizona, reported to the Arizona Department of Health their concerns about a possible excess prevalence of systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) due to exposure to environmental contamination in the area. The authors conducted a two-phase study in which the objectives of phase I were to identify potential SLE cases and to determine the prevalence of SLE and the objectives of phase II were to identify potential risk factors associated with the development of SLE and to evaluate the possible association between SLE and environmental exposure to pesticides and inorganic compounds. Participants included 20 confirmed cases and 36 controls. The authors found the prevalence of SLE to be 103 cases per 100,000 population (95 percent confidence interval: 56, 149), two to seven times higher than the prevalence in the US population. They detected elevated levels of 1,1-dichloro-2,2-bis-(p-chorophenyl)ethylene and organophosphate metabolites among cases and controls. In both, levels were higher than the reference mean for the US population. The authors found no statistical association between elevated levels of pesticides and disease status. Their results show that the prevalence of SLE in Nogales is higher than the reported prevalence in the US population and that both cases and controls had past exposure to chlorinated pesticides and have ongoing exposure to organophosphates. JF - American journal of epidemiology AU - Balluz, L AU - Philen, R AU - Ortega, L AU - Rosales, C AU - Brock, J AU - Barr, D AU - Kieszak, S AD - Epidemic Intelligence Service, Division of Applied Public Health Training, Epidemiology Program Office, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA 30333, USA. Lballuz@cdc.gov Y1 - 2001/12/01/ PY - 2001 DA - 2001 Dec 01 SP - 1029 EP - 1036 VL - 154 IS - 11 SN - 0002-9262, 0002-9262 KW - Biomarkers KW - 0 KW - Pesticides KW - Index Medicus KW - Arizona -- epidemiology KW - Logistic Models KW - Risk Factors KW - Humans KW - Biomarkers -- analysis KW - Environmental Exposure KW - Case-Control Studies KW - Male KW - Female KW - Prevalence KW - Population Surveillance KW - Pesticides -- metabolism KW - Lupus Erythematosus, Systemic -- chemically induced KW - Lupus Erythematosus, Systemic -- epidemiology KW - Pesticides -- adverse effects UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/72304187?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=American+journal+of+epidemiology&rft.atitle=Investigation+of+systemic+lupus+erythematosus+in+Nogales%2C+Arizona.&rft.au=Balluz%2C+L%3BPhilen%2C+R%3BOrtega%2C+L%3BRosales%2C+C%3BBrock%2C+J%3BBarr%2C+D%3BKieszak%2C+S&rft.aulast=Balluz&rft.aufirst=L&rft.date=2001-12-01&rft.volume=154&rft.issue=11&rft.spage=1029&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=American+journal+of+epidemiology&rft.issn=00029262&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 2002-01-17 N1 - Date created - 2001-11-28 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Multistate outbreak of Norwalk-like virus gastroenteritis associated with a common caterer. AN - 72301275; 11724717 AB - In February 2000, an outbreak of gastroenteritis occurred among employees of a car dealership in New York. The same meal was also supplied to 52 dealerships nationwide, and 13 states reported illness at dealerships where the banquet was served. A retrospective cohort study was conducted to identify risk factors associated with the illness. Stool samples were collected to detect Norwalk-like virus, and sera were drawn and tested for immunoglobulin A antibodies to the outbreak strain. By univariate analysis, illness was significantly associated with consumption of any of four salads served at the banquet (relative risk = 3.8, 95% confidence interval: 2.5, 5.6). Norwalk-like virus was detected by reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction assay in 32 of 59 stool samples from eight states. Nucleotide sequences of a 213-base pair fragment from 16 stool specimens collected from cases in eight states were identical, confirming a common source outbreak. Two of 15 workers at caterer A had elevated immunoglobulin A titers to an antigenically related Norwalk-like virus strain. This study highlights the value of molecular techniques to complement classic epidemiologic methods in outbreak investigations and underscores the critical role of food handlers in the spread of foodborne disease associated with Norwalk-like virus. JF - American journal of epidemiology AU - Anderson, A D AU - Garrett, V D AU - Sobel, J AU - Monroe, S S AU - Fankhauser, R L AU - Schwab, K J AU - Bresee, J S AU - Mead, P S AU - Higgins, C AU - Campana, J AU - Glass, R I AU - Outbreak Investigation Team AD - Epidemic Intelligence Service, Division of Applied Public Health Training, Epidemiology Program Office, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA 30333, USA. aha5@cdc.gov ; Outbreak Investigation Team Y1 - 2001/12/01/ PY - 2001 DA - 2001 Dec 01 SP - 1013 EP - 1019 VL - 154 IS - 11 SN - 0002-9262, 0002-9262 KW - Immunoglobulin A KW - 0 KW - Index Medicus KW - Humans KW - Retrospective Studies KW - Aged KW - Child KW - Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction KW - Child, Preschool KW - Food Microbiology KW - Aged, 80 and over KW - Risk Factors KW - Adult KW - Feces -- virology KW - Middle Aged KW - Immunoglobulin A -- blood KW - Adolescent KW - United States -- epidemiology KW - Female KW - Male KW - Caliciviridae Infections -- virology KW - Gastroenteritis -- virology KW - Caliciviridae Infections -- epidemiology KW - Foodborne Diseases -- epidemiology KW - Norwalk virus -- isolation & purification KW - Foodborne Diseases -- virology KW - Disease Outbreaks KW - Gastroenteritis -- epidemiology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/72301275?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=American+journal+of+epidemiology&rft.atitle=Multistate+outbreak+of+Norwalk-like+virus+gastroenteritis+associated+with+a+common+caterer.&rft.au=Anderson%2C+A+D%3BGarrett%2C+V+D%3BSobel%2C+J%3BMonroe%2C+S+S%3BFankhauser%2C+R+L%3BSchwab%2C+K+J%3BBresee%2C+J+S%3BMead%2C+P+S%3BHiggins%2C+C%3BCampana%2C+J%3BGlass%2C+R+I%3BOutbreak+Investigation+Team&rft.aulast=Anderson&rft.aufirst=A&rft.date=2001-12-01&rft.volume=154&rft.issue=11&rft.spage=1013&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=American+journal+of+epidemiology&rft.issn=00029262&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 2002-01-17 N1 - Date created - 2001-11-28 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Voluntary Counseling and Testing for Couples: A High-Leverage Intervention for HIV/AIDS Prevention in Sub-Saharan Africa AN - 61477676; 200203024 AB - Most HIV infections in sub-Saharan Africa occur during heterosexual intercourse between persons in couple relationships. Women who are infected by HIV seropositive partners risk infecting their infants in turn. Despite their salience as social contexts for sexual activity & HIV infection, couple relationships have not been given adequate attention by social/behavioral research in sub-Saharan Africa. Increasingly, studies point to the value of voluntary HIV counseling & testing (VCT) as a HIV prevention tool. Studies in Africa frequently report that VCT is associated with reduced risk behaviors & lower rates of seroconversion among HIV serodiscordant couples. Many of these studies point out that VCT has considerable potential for HIV prevention among other heterosexual couples, & recommend that VCT for couples be practiced more widely in Africa. However, follow-up in the area of VCT for couples has been extremely limited. Thus, current understandings from social/behavioral research on how couples in sub-Saharan Africa manage HIV risks as well as HIV prevention interventions to support couples' HIV prevention efforts have remained underdeveloped. It appears that important opportunities are being missed for preventing HIV infection, be it by heterosexual transmission or mother-to-child HIV transmission by mothers who have been infected by their partners. Based on an overview of documentation on VCT in sub-Saharan Africa, this paper proposes that increased attention to couples-focused VCT provides a high-leverage HIV prevention intervention for African countries. The second half of the paper indicates areas where VCT needs to be strengthened, particularly with respect to couples. It also identifies areas where applied social/behavioral research is needed to improve knowledge about how couples in sub-Saharan Africa deal with the risks of HIV infection. 115 References. Adapted from the source document. JF - Social Science and Medicine AU - Painter, Thomas M AD - Division HIV/AIDS Prevention-Surveillance & Epidemiology, Centers Disease Control & Prevention, Atlanta, GA e-mail:tcp2@cdc.gov Y1 - 2001/12// PY - 2001 DA - December 2001 SP - 1397 EP - 1411 VL - 53 IS - 11 SN - 0277-9536, 0277-9536 KW - Couples KW - Prevention KW - Sub Saharan Africa KW - Tests KW - Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndrome KW - Intervention KW - Counseling KW - Sex KW - article KW - 6126: acquired immune deficiency syndrome (AIDS) UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/61477676?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Asocialservices&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Social+Science+and+Medicine&rft.atitle=Voluntary+Counseling+and+Testing+for+Couples%3A+A+High-Leverage+Intervention+for+HIV%2FAIDS+Prevention+in+Sub-Saharan+Africa&rft.au=Painter%2C+Thomas+M&rft.aulast=Painter&rft.aufirst=Thomas&rft.date=2001-12-01&rft.volume=53&rft.issue=11&rft.spage=1397&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Social+Science+and+Medicine&rft.issn=02779536&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - Social Services Abstracts N1 - Date revised - 2007-05-01 N1 - Last updated - 2016-09-28 N1 - CODEN - SSCMAW N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Couples; Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndrome; Prevention; Tests; Sex; Counseling; Intervention; Sub Saharan Africa ER - TY - JOUR T1 - The Global Resurgence of Infectious Diseases AN - 60446984; 200302768 AB - In an increasingly interdependent world, we face an array of new global challenges that transcend the traditional definition of national security. One important example is the resurgence of infectious diseases. In the 1960s & 1970s, powerful antibiotic drugs & vaccines appeared to have banished the major plagues from the industrialized world, leading to a mood of complacency & the neglect of programs for disease surveillance & prevention. Over the past few decades, however, infectious diseases have returned with a vengeance. Many factors, or combinations of factors, can contribute to disease emergence. New infectious diseases may emerge from genetic changes in existing organisms; known diseases may spread to new geographic areas & populations; & previously unknown infections may appear in humans due to changing ecological conditions that increase their exposure to insect vectors, animal reservoirs, or environmental sources of novel pathogens. Reemergence may also occur because of the development of antimicrobial resistance in existing infections (eg, malaria) or breakdowns in public health measures for previously controlled infections due to civil conflict (eg, cholera, tuberculosis). Not only does the reemergence of infectious diseases threaten health directly, but devastating epidemics such as AIDS are also spawning widespread political instability & civil conflict. This instability, in turn, will contribute to humanitarian emergencies & economic crises. 16 References. Adapted from the source document. JF - Journal of Contingencies and Crisis Management AU - Noji, Eric K AD - National Center Infectious Diseases, Centers Disease Control & Prevention, Atlanta, GA exn1@cdc.gov Y1 - 2001/12// PY - 2001 DA - December 2001 SP - 223 EP - 232 VL - 9 IS - 4 SN - 0966-0879, 0966-0879 KW - International Organizations KW - Public Health KW - International Cooperation KW - World Problems KW - Diseases KW - National Security KW - article KW - 2045: sociology of health and medicine; sociology of medicine & health care UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/60446984?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Asocabs&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Contingencies+and+Crisis+Management&rft.atitle=The+Global+Resurgence+of+Infectious+Diseases&rft.au=Noji%2C+Eric+K&rft.aulast=Noji&rft.aufirst=Eric&rft.date=2001-12-01&rft.volume=9&rft.issue=4&rft.spage=223&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+Contingencies+and+Crisis+Management&rft.issn=09660879&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - Sociological Abstracts N1 - Date revised - 2007-04-01 N1 - Last updated - 2016-09-28 N1 - CODEN - JCCMET N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - National Security; Diseases; Public Health; International Cooperation; International Organizations; World Problems ER - TY - JOUR T1 - The Effect of Sexual and Physical Violence on Risky Sexual Behavior and STDs among a Cohort of HIV Seropositive Women AN - 60430396; 200213632 AB - HIV seropositive women are subject to physical & sexual violence over the course of time. Of interest in this paper are (a) whether recent experience of violence predicts STD incidence among HIV-positive women & (b) whether risky sexual behavior & depression mediate such a relation. Results indicated both forced sexual contact & experience of physical violence predicted STD, incidence, number of partners, & depression. Number of partners mediated the relation between physical violence & STD incidence, although only a distinct minority of both abused (7.7%) & nonabused (3.9%) women had incident STDs. Also noteworthy was that women appeared generally able to alleviate conditions of abuse across visits. The pattern of results suggests that HIV caregivers should attend to violence issues among HIV-positive women & the interaction of violence & risky sexual behavior, as well as actual sexual behaviors. 5 Tables, 25 References. Adapted from the source document. JF - AIDS and Behavior AU - Hogben, Matthew AU - Gange, Stephen J AU - Watts, D Heather AU - Robison, Esther AU - Young, Mary AU - Richardson, Jean AU - Cohen, Mardge AU - DeHovitz, Jack AD - National Center HIV/STD/TB Prevention, Centers Disease Control & Prevention, Atlanta, GA mhogben@cdc.gov Y1 - 2001/12// PY - 2001 DA - December 2001 SP - 353 EP - 361 VL - 5 IS - 4 SN - 1090-7165, 1090-7165 KW - Sexual Behavior KW - Risk KW - Depression (Psychology) KW - Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndrome KW - Venereal Diseases KW - United States of America KW - Females KW - Victimization KW - article KW - 1940: the family and socialization; sociology of sexual behavior UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/60430396?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Asocabs&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=AIDS+and+Behavior&rft.atitle=The+Effect+of+Sexual+and+Physical+Violence+on+Risky+Sexual+Behavior+and+STDs+among+a+Cohort+of+HIV+Seropositive+Women&rft.au=Hogben%2C+Matthew%3BGange%2C+Stephen+J%3BWatts%2C+D+Heather%3BRobison%2C+Esther%3BYoung%2C+Mary%3BRichardson%2C+Jean%3BCohen%2C+Mardge%3BDeHovitz%2C+Jack&rft.aulast=Hogben&rft.aufirst=Matthew&rft.date=2001-12-01&rft.volume=5&rft.issue=4&rft.spage=353&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=AIDS+and+Behavior&rft.issn=10907165&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - Sociological Abstracts N1 - Date revised - 2007-04-01 N1 - Last updated - 2016-09-28 N1 - CODEN - AIBEFC N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndrome; Venereal Diseases; Risk; Depression (Psychology); Sexual Behavior; Victimization; Females; United States of America ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Germline transformation of the malaria vector, Anopheles gambiae, with the piggyBac transposable element AN - 18772983; 5645635 AB - Germline transformation of the major African malaria vector, Anopheles gambiae, was achieved using the piggyBac transposable element marked with the enhanced green fluorescent protein (EGFP) injected into mosquito embryos. Two G sub(1) generation male mosquitoes expressing EGFP were identified among 34,143 larvae screened. Genomic Southern data and sequencing of the piggyBac insertion boundaries showed that these two males arose from one piggyBac insertion event in the injected G sub(0) embryos. Genetic cross data suggest that the insertion site of the element either resulted in, or is tightly linked to, a recessive lethal. This was demonstrated by a deficiency in the number of EGFP-expressing offspring from inbred crosses but expected ratios in outcrosses to non-transformed individuals and failure to establish a pure-breeding line. The insertion was weakly linked to the collarless locus on chromosome 2 and was shown by in situ hybridization to be located in division 28D of that chromosome. Particularly high levels of expression were observed uniformly in salivary glands and, in most individuals, in the anterior stomach. An improvement in the injection technique at the end of the studies resulted in increased G sub(0) hatching, transient expression and EGFP-expression rates among G sub(1) progeny. JF - Insect Molecular Biology AU - Grossman, G L AU - Rafferty, C S AU - Clayton, J R AU - Stevens, T K AU - Mukabayire, O AU - Benedict, M Q AD - Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), Division of Parasitic Diseases, Entomology Branch, 4770 Buford Highway, Mailstop F-22, Atlanta, GA 30341, USA, MBenedict@cdc.gov Y1 - 2001/12// PY - 2001 DA - Dec 2001 SP - 597 EP - 604 PB - Blackwell Science Ltd. VL - 10 IS - 6 SN - 0962-1075, 0962-1075 KW - Culicidae KW - Diptera KW - Gene expression KW - Genetic mapping KW - Germline transformation KW - Green fluorescent protein KW - Inbreeding KW - Injection KW - Insertion sequences KW - Lethality KW - Offspring KW - Transposon PiggyBac KW - collarless gene KW - ASFA 3: Aquatic Pollution & Environmental Quality; ASFA 1: Biological Sciences & Living Resources; Genetics Abstracts; Entomology Abstracts KW - Transformation KW - Biological vectors KW - Human diseases KW - Disease control KW - Malaria KW - Anopheles gambiae KW - Public health KW - Genetic engineering KW - Selective breeding KW - Aquatic insects KW - Biotechnology KW - G 07366:Insects/arachnids KW - G 07120:Recombinant DNA/Genetic engineering KW - Q1 08485:Species interactions: pests and control KW - Q5 08524:Public health, medicines, dangerous organisms KW - Z 05213:Genes & molecular genetics UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/18772983?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aasfaaquaticpollution&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Insect+Molecular+Biology&rft.atitle=Germline+transformation+of+the+malaria+vector%2C+Anopheles+gambiae%2C+with+the+piggyBac+transposable+element&rft.au=Grossman%2C+G+L%3BRafferty%2C+C+S%3BClayton%2C+J+R%3BStevens%2C+T+K%3BMukabayire%2C+O%3BBenedict%2C+M+Q&rft.aulast=Grossman&rft.aufirst=G&rft.date=2001-12-01&rft.volume=10&rft.issue=6&rft.spage=597&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Insect+Molecular+Biology&rft.issn=09621075&rft_id=info:doi/10.1046%2Fj.0962-1075.2001.00299.x LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Last updated - 2014-05-07 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Biological vectors; Gene expression; Human diseases; Disease control; Selective breeding; Malaria; Aquatic insects; Biotechnology; Public health; Transformation; Lethality; Genetic engineering; Green fluorescent protein; Inbreeding; Offspring; Insertion sequences; Genetic mapping; Injection; Anopheles gambiae DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1046/j.0962-1075.2001.00299.x ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Risk of Multiple Birth Associated with In Vitro Fertilization using Donor Eggs AN - 18492953; 5461054 AB - Multiple birth, which is associated with adverse fetal, infant, and maternal outcomes, is increasingly related to the use of in vitro fertilization (IVF). Among women undergoing IVF who use their own eggs, greater maternal age is associated with decreased risk of multiple birth; using donor eggs from younger women may negate this age effect. Data from 6,936 IVF procedures performed in the United States in 1996-1997 on women aged 35-54 years who used donor eggs were analyzed to assess the effect of maternal age, number of embryos transferred, and cryopreservation of extra, nontransferred embryos (an indicator of higher embryo quality) on risk of multiple birth. Greater maternal age did not decrease multiple-birth risk. Rates of multiple birth were related to number of embryos transferred and whether extra embryos had been cryopreserved, and they were high compared with those of IVF patients the same age who had used their own eggs. Among women who had extra embryos cryopreserved, transferring more than two embryos increased multiple-birth risk, with no corresponding increase in the chance for a livebirth. These results highlight the need to consider the age of the donor and embryo quality when making embryo transfer decisions involving use of donor eggs. JF - American Journal of Epidemiology AU - Reynolds, MA AU - Schieve, LA AU - Jeng, G AU - Peterson, H B AU - Wilcox, L S AD - Epidemiology Activity Branch, Division of Reproductive Health, National Center for Chronic Disease Prevention and Health Promotion, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA, USA Y1 - 2001/12/01/ PY - 2001 DA - 2001 Dec 01 SP - 1043 EP - 1050 VL - 154 IS - 11 SN - 0002-9262, 0002-9262 KW - donor eggs KW - in vitro fertilization KW - multiple births KW - Risk Abstracts KW - R2 23020:Technological risks UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/18492953?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Ariskabstracts&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=American+Journal+of+Epidemiology&rft.atitle=Risk+of+Multiple+Birth+Associated+with+In+Vitro+Fertilization+using+Donor+Eggs&rft.au=Reynolds%2C+MA%3BSchieve%2C+LA%3BJeng%2C+G%3BPeterson%2C+H+B%3BWilcox%2C+L+S&rft.aulast=Reynolds&rft.aufirst=MA&rft.date=2001-12-01&rft.volume=154&rft.issue=11&rft.spage=1043&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=American+Journal+of+Epidemiology&rft.issn=00029262&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - ENSO variability, teleconnections and climate change AN - 18370185; 5336339 AB - An overview is presented of the principal features of the El Nino-Southern Oscillation (ENSO) teleconnections in terms of regional patterns of surface temperature, precipitation and mid-tropospheric atmospheric circulation. The discussion is cast in the context of variations in the associations over time, with decadal scale changes emphasized. In the five decades or so for which we have adequate records to reliably analyse the global aspects of ENSO effects on regional climates around the world, we have witnessed one major decadal scale change in the overall pattern of sea-surface temperatures (SST) in the global ocean, and concomitant changes in the atmospheric response to those changes. The analysis underscores the connection between low frequency changes in tropical SST, ENSO and decadal scale changes in the general atmospheric circulation, pointing to the complex interplay between the canonical ENSO system, slow changes in SST in the Indo-Pacific over the last century, and long-term changes in the atmospheric circulation itself. JF - International Journal of Climatology AU - Diaz, H F AU - Hoerling, M P AU - Eischeid, J K AD - Climate Diagnostics Center, NOAA/OAR, 325 Broadway, Boulder, CO 80303, USA, hfd@cdc.noaa.gov Y1 - 2001/12// PY - 2001 DA - Dec 2001 SP - 1845 EP - 1862 VL - 21 IS - 15 SN - 0899-8418, 0899-8418 KW - Water Resources Abstracts; ASFA 2: Ocean Technology Policy & Non-Living Resources; Oceanic Abstracts; Meteorological & Geoastrophysical Abstracts KW - Marine KW - M2 551.513:General Circulation (551.513) KW - M2 551.588:Environmental Influences (551.588) KW - Q2 02244:Air-sea coupling KW - O 2070:Meteorology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/18370185?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Awaterresources&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=International+Journal+of+Climatology&rft.atitle=ENSO+variability%2C+teleconnections+and+climate+change&rft.au=Diaz%2C+H+F%3BHoerling%2C+M+P%3BEischeid%2C+J+K&rft.aulast=Diaz&rft.aufirst=H&rft.date=2001-12-01&rft.volume=21&rft.issue=15&rft.spage=1845&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=International+Journal+of+Climatology&rft.issn=08998418&rft_id=info:doi/10.1002%2Fjoc.631 LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - SuppNotes - Special Review Issue. N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Marine DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/joc.631 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Genetic analyses of mutations contributing to fluoroquinolone resistance in clinical isolates of Streptococcus pneumoniae AN - 18288584; 5347024 AB - Twenty-one clinical isolates of Streptococcus pneumoniae showing reduced susceptibility or resistance to fluoroquinolones were characterized by serotype, antimicrobial susceptibility, and genetic analyses of the quinolone resistance-determining regions (QRDRs) of gyrA, gyrB, parC, and parE. Five strains were resistant to three or more classes of antimicrobial agents. In susceptibility profiles for gatifloxacin, gemifloxacin, levofloxacin, moxifloxacin, ofloxacin, sparfloxacin, and trovafloxacin, 14 isolates had intermediate- or high-level resistance to all fluoroquinolones tested except gemifloxacin (no breakpoints assigned). Fluoroquinolone resistance was not associated with serotype or with resistance to other antimicrobial agents. Mutations in the QRDRs of these isolates were more heterogeneous than those previously reported for mutants selected in vitro. Eight isolates had amino acid changes at sites other than ParC/S79 and GyrA/S81; several strains contained mutations in gyrB, parE, or both loci. Contributions to fluoroquinolone resistance by individual amino acid changes, including GyrB/E474K, ParE/E474K, and ParC/A63T, were confirmed by genetic transformation of S. pneumoniae R6. Mutations in gyrB were important for resistance to gatifloxacin but not moxifloxacin, and mutation of gyrA was associated with resistance to moxifloxacin but not gatifloxacin, suggesting differences in the drug-target interactions of the two 8-methoxyquinolones. The positions of amino acid changes within the four genes affected resistance more than did the total number of QRDR mutations. However, the effect of a specific mutation varied significantly depending on the agent tested. These data suggest that the heterogeneity of mutations will likely increase as pneumococci are exposed to novel fluoroquinolone structures, complicating the prediction of cross-resistance within this class of antimicrobial agents. JF - Antimicrobial Agents & Chemotherapy AU - Weigel, L M AU - Anderson, G J AU - Facklam, R R AU - Tenover, F C AD - Division of Healthcare Quality Promotion (G-08), Centers for Diasease Control and Prevention, 1600 Clifton Rd., N.E., Atlanta, GA 30333, USA, lweigel@cdc.gov Y1 - 2001/12// PY - 2001 DA - Dec 2001 SP - 3517 EP - 3523 VL - 45 IS - 12 SN - 0066-4804, 0066-4804 KW - gyrA gene KW - gyrB gene KW - parC gene KW - parE gene KW - Microbiology Abstracts B: Bacteriology KW - Streptococcus pneumoniae KW - Serotypes KW - Fluoroquinolones KW - Drug resistance KW - Genetic analysis KW - Antibacterial agents KW - Mutation KW - J 02806:Quinones, quinolones and quinolines KW - J 02814:Drug resistance UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/18288584?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologyb&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Antimicrobial+Agents+%26+Chemotherapy&rft.atitle=Genetic+analyses+of+mutations+contributing+to+fluoroquinolone+resistance+in+clinical+isolates+of+Streptococcus+pneumoniae&rft.au=Weigel%2C+L+M%3BAnderson%2C+G+J%3BFacklam%2C+R+R%3BTenover%2C+F+C&rft.aulast=Weigel&rft.aufirst=L&rft.date=2001-12-01&rft.volume=45&rft.issue=12&rft.spage=3517&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Antimicrobial+Agents+%26+Chemotherapy&rft.issn=00664804&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Streptococcus pneumoniae; Fluoroquinolones; Drug resistance; Genetic analysis; Mutation; Antibacterial agents; Serotypes ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Will Risks to Older Workers Change in the 21 super(st) Century? AN - 18278315; 5330022 AB - Workers aged 65 and older face different risks than those in younger age groups. The occupational fatality rate for this group (13.6 per 100,000 workers) during 1980-1995 was almost three times greater than the rate for workers aged 16 to 64. This study projects the traumatic occupational fatality experience for the ten occupations with the largest number of occupational fatalities for workers 65 years and older. Although the occupational fatality rate for workers 65 years and older is projected to decrease from 12.5 in 1995 to 11.5 in year 2008, the number of occupational fatalities for this group is projected to increase from 459 in 1995 to 518 in year 2008. The overall proportion of occupational fatalities experienced by workers in the 65 years and older age group is expected to increase from 7% in 1995 to 10% in 2008. To assist in developing the most effective interventions, the five leading external causes of death associated with these fatalities were estimated for year 2008. With the aging of the American workforce, more research is needed in areas concerned with protecting older workers from injury. JF - Human and Ecological Risk Assessment AU - Hartley, D AU - Biddle, E A AD - National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, MS H1811, 1095 Willowdale Road, Morgantown, WV 26505-2888 USA, Dsh3@cdc.gov Y1 - 2001/12// PY - 2001 DA - Dec 2001 SP - 1885 EP - 1894 VL - 7 IS - 7 SN - 1080-7039, 1080-7039 KW - elderly KW - Risk Abstracts; Health & Safety Science Abstracts KW - Risk assessment KW - Age KW - Injuries KW - Occupational safety KW - Accidents KW - R2 23080:Industrial and labor KW - H 1000:Occupational Safety and Health UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/18278315?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Ariskabstracts&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Human+and+Ecological+Risk+Assessment&rft.atitle=Will+Risks+to+Older+Workers+Change+in+the+21+super%28st%29+Century%3F&rft.au=Hartley%2C+D%3BBiddle%2C+E+A&rft.aulast=Hartley&rft.aufirst=D&rft.date=2001-12-01&rft.volume=7&rft.issue=7&rft.spage=1885&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Human+and+Ecological+Risk+Assessment&rft.issn=10807039&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - SuppNotes - Special issue: Occupational injury risk. N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-14 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Injuries; Accidents; Occupational safety; Age; Risk assessment ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Work-Related and Non-Work-Related Injury Deaths in the U.S.: A Comparative Study AN - 18278286; 5330020 AB - This study assesses the percentage of traumatic fatalities attributable to work-related causes in the US, by cause of death and population demographics. The 1993-1998 Vital Statistics Mortality data from the National Center for Health Statistics were used. There were 848,945 traumatic fatalities (E800-E999) among the general population 16 years or older in the US during this time; of these, 32,044 were work-related accounting for 3.8% of all the fatalities. The work-related percentage varied from 62.7% for machine-related deaths to 0.7% for suicides, from 4.9% for males to 1.0% for females, from 9.8% in Alaska to 1.5% in Arizona, from 4.2% for decedents with 1 to 4 year college educations to 2.9% for decedents with high school or less, from 4.4% for races other than white and black to 2.6% for black. Mean age-at-death was 42 years for work-related vs. 48 years for non-work-related fatalities. This difference is more pronounced for deaths from falls (45 years vs. 78 years). Conversely, victims of work-related homicide were older than non-work-related (41 years vs. 33 years). A more complete understanding of the burden of traumatic fatalities attributable to work-related causes requires consideration of the total work-related percentage, causes of death, and population demographics. JF - Human and Ecological Risk Assessment AU - Chen, G-X AU - Jenkins, EL AU - Marsh, S M AU - Johnston, J J AD - National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, Division of Safety Research, 1095 Willowdale Road, MS/H-1811, Morgantown, West Virginia 26505, USA, gchen@cdc.gov Y1 - 2001/12// PY - 2001 DA - Dec 2001 SP - 1859 EP - 1868 VL - 7 IS - 7 SN - 1080-7039, 1080-7039 KW - Risk Abstracts; Health & Safety Science Abstracts KW - Age KW - Occupational safety KW - Socioeconomics KW - Population dynamics KW - Ethnic groups KW - Mortality KW - USA KW - Occupational health KW - R2 23080:Industrial and labor KW - H 1000:Occupational Safety and Health UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/18278286?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Ariskabstracts&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Human+and+Ecological+Risk+Assessment&rft.atitle=Work-Related+and+Non-Work-Related+Injury+Deaths+in+the+U.S.%3A+A+Comparative+Study&rft.au=Chen%2C+G-X%3BJenkins%2C+EL%3BMarsh%2C+S+M%3BJohnston%2C+J+J&rft.aulast=Chen&rft.aufirst=G-X&rft.date=2001-12-01&rft.volume=7&rft.issue=7&rft.spage=1859&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Human+and+Ecological+Risk+Assessment&rft.issn=10807039&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - SuppNotes - Special issue: Occupational injury risk. N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-14 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - USA; Occupational safety; Occupational health; Mortality; Population dynamics; Ethnic groups; Age; Socioeconomics ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Toward a Typology of Dynamic and Hazardous Work Environments AN - 18277228; 5330019 AB - The most hazardous work environments share one feature in common: constant change. Many different, but constantly changing hazards are found in agriculture, construction, mining, and transport. This dynamic feature of workplace hazards varies by: (1) degree of control, (2) predictability, (3) visibility, (4) movement, and (5) degree of speed and force. In some cases the actions of the dynamic hazards are required for production to take place, and in many cases, several different hazards may overlap and interact. Finally, whether intentional or unintentional, some dynamic hazards are human generated. These are some of the features that distinguish dynamic and hazardous work environments across a variety of industries. The authors propose a preliminary typology of dynamic and hazardous work environments, along with a schema to systematically observe the dynamic characteristics of these hazards. The implications of this typology are considered with respect to worker training, hazard awareness, and safe work practices. For example, the implementation of the Hierarchy of Control is shown to require active worker involvement at every level in the hierarchy, except where an environmental hazard has been completely eliminated. JF - Human and Ecological Risk Assessment AU - Scharf, T AU - Vaught, C AU - Kidd, P AU - Steiner, L AU - Kowalski, K AU - Wiehagen, B AU - Rethi, L AU - Cole, H AD - Work Organization and Stress Research Section, Div. of Applied Research and Technology, NIOSH, Cincinnati, OH, USA, Tscharf@cdc.gov Y1 - 2001/12// PY - 2001 DA - Dec 2001 SP - 1827 EP - 1841 VL - 7 IS - 7 SN - 1080-7039, 1080-7039 KW - working conditions KW - Risk Abstracts; Health & Safety Science Abstracts KW - Agriculture KW - Occupational safety KW - Hazards KW - Transportation KW - Construction industry KW - Mining KW - R2 23080:Industrial and labor KW - H 1000:Occupational Safety and Health UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/18277228?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Ariskabstracts&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Human+and+Ecological+Risk+Assessment&rft.atitle=Toward+a+Typology+of+Dynamic+and+Hazardous+Work+Environments&rft.au=Scharf%2C+T%3BVaught%2C+C%3BKidd%2C+P%3BSteiner%2C+L%3BKowalski%2C+K%3BWiehagen%2C+B%3BRethi%2C+L%3BCole%2C+H&rft.aulast=Scharf&rft.aufirst=T&rft.date=2001-12-01&rft.volume=7&rft.issue=7&rft.spage=1827&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Human+and+Ecological+Risk+Assessment&rft.issn=10807039&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - SuppNotes - Special issue: Occupational injury risk. N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Occupational safety; Hazards; Agriculture; Mining; Transportation; Construction industry ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Is it safe on deck? Fatal and non-fatal workplace injuries among Alaskan commercial fishermen AN - 18272519; 5328064 AB - Commercial fishing in Alaska accounts for an occupational fatality rate that is 28 times the rate for all U.S. workers. Most deaths are attributed to vessel sinking or capsizing. However, many deaths and most non-fatal injuries are not related to vessel loss. This paper describes injuries that occur on the dock or on the fishing vessel. Data from fishing fatalities and non-fatal injuries between 1991-1998 were analyzed using the Alaska Occupational Injury Surveillance System and the Alaska Trauma Registry. There were 60 workplace deaths unrelated to vessel loss; most from falls overboard, others from trauma caused by equipment on deck. There were 574 hospitalized injuries, often from falls on deck, entanglement in machinery, or being struck by an object. Fishing boats are hazardous working environments. Further efforts are required to prevent falls overboard and on deck, and to redesign or install safety features on fishing machinery and equipment. JF - American Journal of Industrial Medicine AU - Thomas, T K AU - Lincoln, J M AU - Husberg, B J AU - Conway, G A AD - Alaska Field Station, Division of Safety Research, National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, 4230, University Drive, Suite 310, Anchorage, AK 99508, USA, Jlincoln@cdc.gov Y1 - 2001/12// PY - 2001 DA - Dec 2001 SP - 693 EP - 702 VL - 40 IS - 6 SN - 0271-3586, 0271-3586 KW - Health & Safety Science Abstracts KW - USA, Alaska KW - Mortality KW - Commercial fishing KW - Injuries KW - Occupational safety KW - H 1000:Occupational Safety and Health UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/18272519?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Ahealthsafetyabstracts&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=American+Journal+of+Industrial+Medicine&rft.atitle=Is+it+safe+on+deck%3F+Fatal+and+non-fatal+workplace+injuries+among+Alaskan+commercial+fishermen&rft.au=Thomas%2C+T+K%3BLincoln%2C+J+M%3BHusberg%2C+B+J%3BConway%2C+G+A&rft.aulast=Thomas&rft.aufirst=T&rft.date=2001-12-01&rft.volume=40&rft.issue=6&rft.spage=693&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=American+Journal+of+Industrial+Medicine&rft.issn=02713586&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - USA, Alaska; Occupational safety; Injuries; Commercial fishing; Mortality ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Machinery Risk Assessment for Risk Reduction AN - 18272167; 5330016 AB - New avenues are reviewed and discussed for preventing industrial machine-related injury by means of realistic risk evaluation and reduction processes at the design and application stages of machinery development and use. U.S. guidelines and European standards on machinery risk assessment procedures are described. Application of risk assessment for machine-related injury risk management and teaching machine-risk control are discussed. JF - Human and Ecological Risk Assessment AU - Etherton, J AU - Taubitz, M AU - Raafat, H AU - Russell, J AU - Roudebush, C AD - NIOSH/Division of Safety Research, 1095 Willowdale Rd., Morgantown, WV 26505, USA, jre1@cdc.gov Y1 - 2001/12// PY - 2001 DA - Dec 2001 SP - 1787 EP - 1799 VL - 7 IS - 7 SN - 1080-7039, 1080-7039 KW - risk reduction KW - Risk Abstracts; Health & Safety Science Abstracts KW - Risk assessment KW - Injuries KW - Occupational safety KW - Europe KW - Hazards KW - USA KW - Machinery KW - Standards KW - R2 23080:Industrial and labor KW - H 1000:Occupational Safety and Health UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/18272167?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Ariskabstracts&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Human+and+Ecological+Risk+Assessment&rft.atitle=Machinery+Risk+Assessment+for+Risk+Reduction&rft.au=Etherton%2C+J%3BTaubitz%2C+M%3BRaafat%2C+H%3BRussell%2C+J%3BRoudebush%2C+C&rft.aulast=Etherton&rft.aufirst=J&rft.date=2001-12-01&rft.volume=7&rft.issue=7&rft.spage=1787&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Human+and+Ecological+Risk+Assessment&rft.issn=10807039&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - SuppNotes - Special issue: Occupational injury risk. N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - USA; Europe; Hazards; Machinery; Occupational safety; Risk assessment; Standards; Injuries ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Community-Based Interventions to Reduce Low Income, African American Women's Risk of Sexually Transmitted Diseases: A Randomized Controlled Trial of Three Theoretical Models AN - 18261429; 5314627 AB - A community-based sample of disadvantaged African American women (n = 445) was recruited to participate in 1 of 3 theoretically driven experimental interventions based on either the theory of gender and power, social learning theory, or cognitive behavioral theory. Intervention outcomes were compared with a waiting list control condition. From baseline to postintervention, women in the experimental interventions showed differential change on cognitive indices (knowledge and attitudes) and skill acquisition (partner negotiation skills, correct condom application, lubricant selection, and information-provision to social networks) whereas control participants were unchanged. Women in the 3 experimental interventions also completed follow-up assessments for 1 year following the interventions. In all 3 experimental conditions, condom use increased relative to the control group and there were no differences between the experimental interventions. Women who participated in one of the theoretically grounded interventions continued to increase condom use over the following year. Women entering new relationships reported significantly more condom use than did women who remained in ongoing relationships. The findings suggest that intervention models that have proven effective for women who engage in high-risk behavior may be less effective for women in established relationships for whom risk is primarily derived from the extrarelationship behavior of their partners. JF - American Journal of Community Psychology AU - St Lawrence, JS AU - Wilson, TE AU - Eldridge, G D AU - Brasfield, T L AU - O'Bannon, RE III AD - Behavioral Interventions and Research Branch, Division of STD Prevention, National Center for HIV, STD, and TB Prevention, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, 1600 Clifton Road NE, MS-E44 Atlanta, GA 30333, USA, nzs4@cdc.gov Y1 - 2001/12// PY - 2001 DA - Dec 2001 SP - 937 EP - 963 VL - 29 IS - 6 SN - 0091-0562, 0091-0562 KW - African Americans KW - community intervention KW - condoms KW - disease control KW - sexual behavior KW - sexually transmitted diseases KW - Risk Abstracts KW - Socioeconomics KW - Females KW - Ethnic groups KW - R2 23060:Medical and environmental health UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/18261429?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Ariskabstracts&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=American+Journal+of+Community+Psychology&rft.atitle=Community-Based+Interventions+to+Reduce+Low+Income%2C+African+American+Women%27s+Risk+of+Sexually+Transmitted+Diseases%3A+A+Randomized+Controlled+Trial+of+Three+Theoretical+Models&rft.au=St+Lawrence%2C+JS%3BWilson%2C+TE%3BEldridge%2C+G+D%3BBrasfield%2C+T+L%3BO%27Bannon%2C+RE+III&rft.aulast=St+Lawrence&rft.aufirst=JS&rft.date=2001-12-01&rft.volume=29&rft.issue=6&rft.spage=937&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=American+Journal+of+Community+Psychology&rft.issn=00910562&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Ethnic groups; Females; Socioeconomics ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Nucleic Acid Sequence-Based Amplification Assays for Rapid Detection of West Nile and St. Louis Encephalitis Viruses AN - 18221055; 5287128 AB - The development and application of nucleic acid sequence-based amplification (NASBA) assays for the detection of West Nile (WN) and St. Louis encephalitis (SLE) viruses are reported. Two unique detection formats were developed for the NASBA assays: a postamplification detection step with a virus-specific internal capture probe and electrochemiluminescence (NASBA-ECL assay) and a real-time assay with 6-carboxyfluorescein-labeled virus-specific molecular beacon probes (NASBA-beacon assay). The sensitivities and specificities of these NASBA assays were compared to those of a newly described standard reverse transcription (RT)-PCR and TaqMan assays for SLE virus and to a previously published TaqMan assay for WN virus. The NASBA assays demonstrated exceptional sensitivities and specificities compared to those of virus isolation, the TaqMan assays, and standard RT-PCR, with the NASBA-beacon assay yielding results in less than 1 h. These assays should be of utility in the diagnostic laboratory to complement existing diagnostic testing methodologies and as a tool in conducting flavivirus surveillance in the United States. JF - Journal of Clinical Microbiology AU - Lanciotti, R S AU - Kerst, A J AD - Division of Vector-Borne Infectious Diseases, National Center for Infectious Diseases, CDC, Rampart Rd., Fort Collins, CO 80521., rsl2@cdc.gov Y1 - 2001/12// PY - 2001 DA - Dec 2001 SP - 4506 EP - 4513 VL - 39 IS - 12 SN - 0095-1137, 0095-1137 KW - Virology & AIDS Abstracts; Microbiology Abstracts A: Industrial & Applied Microbiology KW - Bioassays KW - St. Louis encephalitis virus KW - Detection KW - Surveillance KW - West Nile virus KW - A 01114:Viruses KW - V 22022:Virus assay UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/18221055?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologya&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Clinical+Microbiology&rft.atitle=Nucleic+Acid+Sequence-Based+Amplification+Assays+for+Rapid+Detection+of+West+Nile+and+St.+Louis+Encephalitis+Viruses&rft.au=Lanciotti%2C+R+S%3BKerst%2C+A+J&rft.aulast=Lanciotti&rft.aufirst=R&rft.date=2001-12-01&rft.volume=39&rft.issue=12&rft.spage=4506&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+Clinical+Microbiology&rft.issn=00951137&rft_id=info:doi/10.1128%2FJCM.39.12.4506-4513.2001 LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - St. Louis encephalitis virus; West Nile virus; Detection; Surveillance; Bioassays DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/JCM.39.12.4506-4513.2001 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Update: adverse events associated with anthrax prophylaxis among postal employees--New Jersey, New York City, and the District of Columbia metropolitan area, 2001. AN - 72414129; 11808926 AB - Antimicrobial prophylaxis to prevent inhalational anthrax has been recommended for persons potentially exposed to Bacillus anthracis as a result of the recent bioterrorist attacks. During October 26-November 6, 2001, an epidemiologic evaluation to detect adverse events associated with antimicrobial prophylaxis was conducted among 8,424 postal employees who had been offered antimicrobial prophylaxis for 60 days in New Jersey (NJ), New York City (NYC), and one postal facility in the District of Columbia (DC). This report summarizes preliminary results of that evaluation, which found that few employees receiving antimicrobial prophylaxis sought medical attention for symptoms that may have been associated with anaphylaxis. Persons with exposures to B. anthracis related to the bioterrorist attacks should complete the full 60-day course of antimicrobial prophylaxis. JF - MMWR. Morbidity and mortality weekly report AU - Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) AD - Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) Y1 - 2001/11/30/ PY - 2001 DA - 2001 Nov 30 SP - 1051 EP - 1054 VL - 50 IS - 47 SN - 0149-2195, 0149-2195 KW - Anti-Bacterial Agents KW - 0 KW - Ciprofloxacin KW - 5E8K9I0O4U KW - Doxycycline KW - N12000U13O KW - Index Medicus KW - Skin Diseases, Bacterial -- prevention & control KW - Occupational Exposure KW - New York City KW - District of Columbia KW - Humans KW - New Jersey KW - Spores, Bacterial KW - Anti-Bacterial Agents -- therapeutic use KW - Anti-Bacterial Agents -- adverse effects KW - Doxycycline -- adverse effects KW - Occupational Diseases -- prevention & control KW - Ciprofloxacin -- therapeutic use KW - Ciprofloxacin -- adverse effects KW - Anthrax -- prevention & control KW - Bacillus anthracis KW - Bioterrorism KW - Postal Service KW - Antibiotic Prophylaxis -- adverse effects KW - Respiratory Tract Infections -- prevention & control KW - Doxycycline -- therapeutic use UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/72414129?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=MMWR.+Morbidity+and+mortality+weekly+report&rft.atitle=Update%3A+adverse+events+associated+with+anthrax+prophylaxis+among+postal+employees--New+Jersey%2C+New+York+City%2C+and+the+District+of+Columbia+metropolitan+area%2C+2001.&rft.au=Centers+for+Disease+Control+and+Prevention+%28CDC%29&rft.aulast=Centers+for+Disease+Control+and+Prevention+%28CDC%29&rft.aufirst=&rft.date=2001-11-30&rft.volume=50&rft.issue=47&rft.spage=1051&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=MMWR.+Morbidity+and+mortality+weekly+report&rft.issn=01492195&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 2002-01-31 N1 - Date created - 2002-01-25 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Update: investigation of bioterrorism-related inhalational anthrax--Connecticut, 2001. AN - 72406115; 11808925 AB - Since October 3, 2001, CDC and state and local public health authorities have been investigating cases of bioterrorism-related anthrax. As of November 28, a total of 23 cases have been identified; 11 were confirmed as inhalational anthrax, and 12 (seven confirmed and five suspected) were cutaneous. Epidemiologic investigations to identify the source of exposure to Bacillus anthracis continue for a case of inhalational anthrax in a hospital stockroom worker in New York City (NYC) and, most recently, a case of inhalational anthrax in an elderly woman in Connecticut (CT). Antimicrobial prophylaxis is continuing in persons exposed to B. anthracis, and surveillance to detect new cases of bioterrorism-related anthrax is ongoing. This report summarizes the findings of the case investigation in CT. JF - MMWR. Morbidity and mortality weekly report AU - Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) AD - Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) Y1 - 2001/11/30/ PY - 2001 DA - 2001 Nov 30 SP - 1049 EP - 1051 VL - 50 IS - 47 SN - 0149-2195, 0149-2195 KW - Anti-Bacterial Agents KW - 0 KW - Index Medicus KW - Fatal Outcome KW - Anti-Bacterial Agents -- therapeutic use KW - Aged, 80 and over KW - Humans KW - Connecticut -- epidemiology KW - Aged KW - Postal Service KW - Female KW - Bacillus anthracis -- isolation & purification KW - Anthrax -- diagnosis KW - Anthrax -- epidemiology KW - Respiratory Tract Infections -- epidemiology KW - Environmental Exposure KW - Skin Diseases, Bacterial -- epidemiology KW - Respiratory Tract Infections -- drug therapy KW - Bioterrorism KW - Anthrax -- drug therapy KW - Respiratory Tract Infections -- diagnosis KW - Spores, Bacterial -- isolation & purification UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/72406115?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=MMWR.+Morbidity+and+mortality+weekly+report&rft.atitle=Update%3A+investigation+of+bioterrorism-related+inhalational+anthrax--Connecticut%2C+2001.&rft.au=Centers+for+Disease+Control+and+Prevention+%28CDC%29&rft.aulast=Centers+for+Disease+Control+and+Prevention+%28CDC%29&rft.aufirst=&rft.date=2001-11-30&rft.volume=50&rft.issue=47&rft.spage=1049&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=MMWR.+Morbidity+and+mortality+weekly+report&rft.issn=01492195&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 2002-01-31 N1 - Date created - 2002-01-25 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - TCDD-inducible poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase: a novel response to 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin. AN - 72298323; 11716501 AB - 2,3,7,8-Tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin (TCDD) causes pleotropic effects in mammalian species through modulating gene expression. Here we analyzed TCDD-induced mRNA expression by using mRNA differential display and report the cloning of a novel TCDD-inducible poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase (TiPARP). TiPARP cDNA contains an open reading frame of 657 amino acid residues; the carboxyl half shares sequence similarity to the catalytic domain of PARP, a family of enzymes that catalyze poly ADP-ribosylation of proteins. Expression of the cDNA by in vitro transcription/translation reveals a protein of approximately 75 kDa. The expressed TiPARP exhibits PARP activity toward histone. TiPARP is highly homologous to RM1 which is induced during long-term potentiation, a memory formation process, and to TIL which is induced in T cells infiltrating progressing tumors. TiPARP mRNA is expressed in a broad range of mouse tissues. Together, these data demonstrate that TiPARP is a novel target of TCDD that may contribute to multiple responses to TCDD by modulating protein function through poly ADP-ribosylation. JF - Biochemical and biophysical research communications AU - Ma, Q AU - Baldwin, K T AU - Renzelli, A J AU - McDaniel, A AU - Dong, L AD - Receptor Biology Laboratory, Toxicology and Molecular Biology Branch, Health Effects Laboratory Division, National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Morgantown, West Virginia 26505, USA. qam1@cdc.gov Y1 - 2001/11/30/ PY - 2001 DA - 2001 Nov 30 SP - 499 EP - 506 VL - 289 IS - 2 SN - 0006-291X, 0006-291X KW - DNA, Complementary KW - 0 KW - Ligands KW - Polychlorinated Dibenzodioxins KW - RNA, Messenger KW - Teratogens KW - 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase, human KW - EC 2.4.2.30 KW - Poly(ADP-ribose) Polymerases KW - Index Medicus KW - Protein Biosynthesis KW - Animals KW - Blotting, Northern KW - Open Reading Frames KW - Catalytic Domain KW - Transcription, Genetic KW - Mice KW - Amino Acid Sequence KW - Tissue Distribution KW - Cloning, Molecular KW - Gene Expression Profiling KW - Base Sequence KW - RNA, Messenger -- metabolism KW - DNA, Complementary -- metabolism KW - Genetic Vectors KW - Molecular Sequence Data KW - Gene Expression Regulation KW - Sequence Homology, Amino Acid KW - Long-Term Potentiation KW - Catalysis KW - Polychlorinated Dibenzodioxins -- pharmacology KW - Poly(ADP-ribose) Polymerases -- metabolism KW - Polychlorinated Dibenzodioxins -- metabolism UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/72298323?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Biochemical+and+biophysical+research+communications&rft.atitle=TCDD-inducible+poly%28ADP-ribose%29+polymerase%3A+a+novel+response+to+2%2C3%2C7%2C8-tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin.&rft.au=Ma%2C+Q%3BBaldwin%2C+K+T%3BRenzelli%2C+A+J%3BMcDaniel%2C+A%3BDong%2C+L&rft.aulast=Ma&rft.aufirst=Q&rft.date=2001-11-30&rft.volume=289&rft.issue=2&rft.spage=499&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Biochemical+and+biophysical+research+communications&rft.issn=0006291X&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 2002-01-24 N1 - Date created - 2001-11-21 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - An outbreak of primary pneumonic tularemia on Martha's Vineyard AN - 18230014; 5296655 AB - Background In the summer of 2000, an outbreak of primary pneumonic tularemia occurred on Martha's Vineyard, Massachusetts. The only previously reported outbreak of pneumonic tularemia in the United States also occurred on the island in 1978. Methods We conducted a case-control study of adults with pneumonic tularemia and investigated the environment to identify risk factors for primary pneumonic tularemia. Patients with confirmed cases were residents of or visitors to Martha's Vineyard who had symptoms suggestive of primary pneumonic tularemia, were ill between May 15 and October 31, 2000, and had a positive laboratory test for tularemia. Controls were adults who had spent at least 15 days on Martha's Vineyard between May 15 and September 28, 2000. Results We identified 15 patients with tularemia; 11 of these cases were primary pneumonic tularemia. Francisella tularensis type A was isolated from blood and lung tissue of the one man who died. Patients were more likely than controls to have used a lawn mower or brush cutter in the two weeks before the illness (odds ratio, 9.2; 95 percent confidence interval, 1.6 to 68.0) and during the summer (odds ratio, undefined; 95 percent confidence interval, 1.8 to proportional to ). Lawn mowing and brush cutting remained significant risk factors after adjustment for other potentially confounding variables. Only one patient reported being exposed to a rabbit while cutting brush. Of 40 trapped animals, 1 striped skunk and 1 Norway rat were seropositive for antibodies against F. tularensis. Conclusions Study of this outbreak of primary pneumonic tularemia implicates lawn mowing and brush cutting as risk factors for this infection. JF - New England Journal of Medicine AU - Feldman, KA AU - Enscore, R E AU - Lathrop, S L AU - Matyas, B T AU - McGuill, M AU - Schriefer, ME AU - Stiles-Enos, D AU - Dennis, D T AU - Petersen, L R AU - Hayes, E B AD - Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, P.O. Box 2087, Rampart Rd., Fort Collins, CO 80522, USA, kfeldman@cdc.gov Y1 - 2001/11/29/ PY - 2001 DA - 2001 Nov 29 SP - 1601 EP - 1606 VL - 345 IS - 22 SN - 0028-4793, 0028-4793 KW - rabbits KW - lawn mowing KW - outbreaks KW - pneumonic tularemia KW - tularemia KW - Microbiology Abstracts B: Bacteriology; Health & Safety Science Abstracts; Risk Abstracts KW - Grasses KW - Francisella tularensis KW - Public health KW - USA, Massachusetts, Martha's Vineyard KW - Zoonoses KW - Tularemia KW - Outbreaks KW - Occupational exposure KW - H 11000:Diseases/Injuries/Trauma KW - R2 23060:Medical and environmental health KW - J 02845:Ear, nose and respiratory tract UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/18230014?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologyb&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=New+England+Journal+of+Medicine&rft.atitle=An+outbreak+of+primary+pneumonic+tularemia+on+Martha%27s+Vineyard&rft.au=Feldman%2C+KA%3BEnscore%2C+R+E%3BLathrop%2C+S+L%3BMatyas%2C+B+T%3BMcGuill%2C+M%3BSchriefer%2C+ME%3BStiles-Enos%2C+D%3BDennis%2C+D+T%3BPetersen%2C+L+R%3BHayes%2C+E+B&rft.aulast=Feldman&rft.aufirst=KA&rft.date=2001-11-29&rft.volume=345&rft.issue=22&rft.spage=1601&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=New+England+Journal+of+Medicine&rft.issn=00284793&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Francisella tularensis; USA, Massachusetts, Martha's Vineyard; Occupational exposure; Public health; Grasses; Tularemia; Outbreaks; Zoonoses ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Increased ability for selection of zidovudine resistance in a distinct class of wild-type HIV-1 from drug-naive persons. AN - 72302857; 11698656 AB - Transmission of HIV-1 with reduced susceptibility to antiretroviral drugs raises public health concerns. Through surveillance of drug-resistant HIV-1 in 603 treatment-naive, recently diagnosed HIV-1-infected persons, we identified a distinct group of viruses that have mutations at codon 215 of the reverse transcriptase (RT) gene that are different from either the wild-type (WT) T or the zidovudine (AZT)-selected T215Y/F. These mutations included 215D/C/S and were found in 20 patients (3.3%). The 215D, 215C, and 215S mutations differ from 215Y by a 1-nt change compared with 2 nt for the WT T215 and likely represent revertants of 215Y. These viruses all were found to have WT susceptibility to AZT, and all replicated efficiently as WT HIV-1(T215). However, differences in fitness among HIV-1(215D), HIV-1(215C), and HIV-1(215S) were seen when RT backgrounds were changed, demonstrating a role of the RT background in the selection of these revertants. In vitro selection with AZT showed that HIV-1(215D) and HIV-1(215C) acquired 215Y more rapidly than did WT HIV-1(T215), likely reflecting the need for only 1-nt change to evolve to 215Y. Our study demonstrates that HIV-1 with unusual mutations at codon 215 replicate efficiently, have WT susceptibility, and are commonly found in treatment-naive persons. The increased ability for selecting resistance mutations defines this class of WT HIV-1 and highlights the higher potential of these viruses to compromise the efficacy of antiretroviral therapy. JF - Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America AU - Garcia-Lerma, J G AU - Nidtha, S AU - Blumoff, K AU - Weinstock, H AU - Heneine, W AD - HIV and Retrovirology Branch, Division of AIDS, STD, and TB Laboratory Research, National Center for Infectious Diseases, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA 30333, USA. GGarcia-Lerma@cdc.gov Y1 - 2001/11/20/ PY - 2001 DA - 2001 Nov 20 SP - 13907 EP - 13912 VL - 98 IS - 24 SN - 0027-8424, 0027-8424 KW - Anti-HIV Agents KW - 0 KW - DNA, Viral KW - Dideoxynucleosides KW - Reverse Transcriptase Inhibitors KW - Zidovudine KW - 4B9XT59T7S KW - Zalcitabine KW - 6L3XT8CB3I KW - Stavudine KW - BO9LE4QFZF KW - HIV Reverse Transcriptase KW - EC 2.7.7.49 KW - Didanosine KW - K3GDH6OH08 KW - abacavir KW - WR2TIP26VS KW - Index Medicus KW - Virus Replication -- genetics KW - Base Sequence KW - Dideoxynucleosides -- pharmacology KW - Humans KW - Stavudine -- pharmacology KW - Recombination, Genetic KW - Molecular Sequence Data KW - Zalcitabine -- pharmacology KW - Evolution, Molecular KW - Didanosine -- pharmacology KW - Mutagenesis KW - Zidovudine -- therapeutic use KW - HIV-1 -- genetics KW - HIV Infections -- virology KW - Reverse Transcriptase Inhibitors -- pharmacology KW - Zidovudine -- pharmacology KW - HIV-1 -- enzymology KW - HIV Reverse Transcriptase -- genetics KW - Anti-HIV Agents -- therapeutic use KW - Anti-HIV Agents -- pharmacology KW - Drug Resistance, Viral -- genetics KW - HIV Infections -- drug therapy KW - Reverse Transcriptase Inhibitors -- therapeutic use KW - HIV-1 -- drug effects UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/72302857?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Proceedings+of+the+National+Academy+of+Sciences+of+the+United+States+of+America&rft.atitle=Increased+ability+for+selection+of+zidovudine+resistance+in+a+distinct+class+of+wild-type+HIV-1+from+drug-naive+persons.&rft.au=Garcia-Lerma%2C+J+G%3BNidtha%2C+S%3BBlumoff%2C+K%3BWeinstock%2C+H%3BHeneine%2C+W&rft.aulast=Garcia-Lerma&rft.aufirst=J&rft.date=2001-11-20&rft.volume=98&rft.issue=24&rft.spage=13907&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Proceedings+of+the+National+Academy+of+Sciences+of+the+United+States+of+America&rft.issn=00278424&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 2002-01-08 N1 - Date created - 2001-11-21 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Genetic sequence - AF415229; GENBANK; AF415228; AF415234; AF415233; AF415232; AF415231; AF415230 N1 - SuppNotes - Cited By: J Virol. 1997 Jun;71(6):4479-84 [9151839] AIDS. 1997 May;11(6):835-6 [9143628] Lancet. 1997 Oct 4;350(9083):983-90 [9329513] Antimicrob Agents Chemother. 1998 Feb;42(2):269-76 [9527771] J Virol. 1998 May;72(5):3520-3 [9557630] JAMA. 1998 Jul 1;280(1):42-8 [9660362] N Engl J Med. 1998 Jul 30;339(5):307-11 [9682043] J Virol. 1999 Jul;73(7):5356-63 [10364282] Lancet. 1999 Aug 28;354(9180):729-33 [10475184] Ann Intern Med. 1999 Oct 5;131(7):502-6 [10507958] AIDS. 1999 Sep 10;13(13):1705-9 [10509572] J Infect Dis. 1997 Jun;175(6):1502-6 [9180194] Antivir Ther. 1999;4(1):21-8 [10682125] Antimicrob Agents Chemother. 2000 Apr;44(4):920-8 [10722492] JAMA. 2000 May 10;283(18):2417-26 [10815085] J Infect Dis. 2000 Jul;182(1):330-3 [10882618] J Virol. 2000 Oct;74(20):9339-46 [11000201] J Virol. 2000 Dec;74(23):10958-64 [11069990] AIDS. 2000 Nov 10;14(16):2632-3 [11101087] J Virol. 2001 Jan;75(2):595-602 [11134272] J Acquir Immune Defic Syndr. 2001 Aug 1;27(4):377-80 [11468426] Science. 1989 Dec 1;246(4934):1155-8 [2479983] J Virol. 1991 Oct;65(10):5232-6 [1716689] J Virol. 1992 Jan;66(1):12-9 [1727474] N Engl J Med. 1993 Apr 22;328(16):1163-5 [8455683] J Infect Dis. 1994 Feb;169(2):411-5 [7508970] J Virol. 1996 Aug;70(8):5662-4 [8764084] J Infect Dis. 1996 Nov;174(5):962-8 [8896496] Comment In: Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 2001 Nov 20;98(24):13485-7 [11717419] N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Update: Investigation of bioterrorism-related anthrax, 2001. AN - 72305483; 11724158 AB - This report updates the investigation of bioterrorism-related anthrax and the provision of antimicrobial prophylaxis to exposed persons and highlights CDC assistance to other countries investigating cases of bioterrorism-related anthrax. Since November 7, 2001, CDC and state and local public health agencies have identified no new cases of bioterrorism-related anthrax. As of November 14, a total of 22 cases of anthrax has met the CDC case definition; 10 were confirmed inhalational anthrax, and 12 (seven confirmed and five suspected) were cutaneous anthrax. Investigation of a case of inhalational anthrax in a hospital stock room worker aged 61 years in New York City (NYC) found no evidence of anthrax contamination at the work site or home; the source of exposure is unknown. Environmental clean-up of contaminated facilities continues, and surveillance for newcases of bioterrorism-related anthrax is ongoing in Delaware (DE), District of Columbia (DC), Florida (FL), Maryland (MD), New Jersey (NJ), NYC, Pennsylvania (PA), Virginia (VA), and other states. JF - MMWR. Morbidity and mortality weekly report AU - Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) AD - Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) Y1 - 2001/11/16/ PY - 2001 DA - 2001 Nov 16 SP - 1008 EP - 1010 VL - 50 IS - 45 SN - 0149-2195, 0149-2195 KW - Anti-Bacterial Agents KW - 0 KW - Index Medicus KW - Occupational Exposure KW - Global Health KW - Anti-Bacterial Agents -- therapeutic use KW - Public Health Practice KW - Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (U.S.) KW - Humans KW - Antibiotic Prophylaxis KW - United States -- epidemiology KW - Skin Diseases, Bacterial -- prevention & control KW - Spores, Bacterial KW - Anthrax -- epidemiology KW - Respiratory Tract Infections -- epidemiology KW - Environmental Exposure KW - Skin Diseases, Bacterial -- epidemiology KW - Anthrax -- prevention & control KW - Bioterrorism KW - Bacillus anthracis KW - Respiratory Tract Infections -- prevention & control UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/72305483?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=MMWR.+Morbidity+and+mortality+weekly+report&rft.atitle=Update%3A+Investigation+of+bioterrorism-related+anthrax%2C+2001.&rft.au=Centers+for+Disease+Control+and+Prevention+%28CDC%29&rft.aulast=Centers+for+Disease+Control+and+Prevention+%28CDC%29&rft.aufirst=&rft.date=2001-11-16&rft.volume=50&rft.issue=45&rft.spage=1008&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=MMWR.+Morbidity+and+mortality+weekly+report&rft.issn=01492195&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 2001-12-07 N1 - Date created - 2001-11-28 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - n-Hexane-related peripheral neuropathy among automotive technicians--California, 1999-2000. AN - 72304703; 11724159 AB - Solvents, glues, spray paints, coatings, silicones, and other products contain normal (n-) hexane, a petroleum distillate and simple aliphatic hydrocarbon. n-Hexane is an isomer of hexane and was identified as a peripheral neurotoxin in 1964. Since then, many cases of n-hexane-related neurotoxicity have occurred in printing plants, sandal shops, and furniture factories in Asia, Europe, and the United States. This report describes an investigation of n-hexane-associated peripheral neuropathy in an automotive technician, an occupation in which this condition has not been reported, and summarizes the results of two other case investigations in the automotive repair industry. The findings suggest that solvent manufacturers should avoid using hexane when producing automotive degreasing products, and automotive technicians should avoid regular contact with hexane-based cleaning solvents. JF - MMWR. Morbidity and mortality weekly report AU - Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) AD - Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) Y1 - 2001/11/16/ PY - 2001 DA - 2001 Nov 16 SP - 1011 EP - 1013 VL - 50 IS - 45 SN - 0149-2195, 0149-2195 KW - Hexanes KW - 0 KW - Solvents KW - n-hexane KW - 2DDG612ED8 KW - Index Medicus KW - Solvents -- poisoning KW - Humans KW - Adult KW - California -- epidemiology KW - Male KW - Peripheral Nervous System Diseases -- epidemiology KW - Neurotoxicity Syndromes -- diagnosis KW - Hexanes -- poisoning KW - Neurotoxicity Syndromes -- etiology KW - Occupational Diseases -- epidemiology KW - Neurotoxicity Syndromes -- epidemiology KW - Automobiles KW - Peripheral Nervous System Diseases -- chemically induced KW - Occupational Diseases -- chemically induced UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/72304703?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=MMWR.+Morbidity+and+mortality+weekly+report&rft.atitle=n-Hexane-related+peripheral+neuropathy+among+automotive+technicians--California%2C+1999-2000.&rft.au=Centers+for+Disease+Control+and+Prevention+%28CDC%29&rft.aulast=Centers+for+Disease+Control+and+Prevention+%28CDC%29&rft.aufirst=&rft.date=2001-11-16&rft.volume=50&rft.issue=45&rft.spage=1011&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=MMWR.+Morbidity+and+mortality+weekly+report&rft.issn=01492195&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 2001-12-07 N1 - Date created - 2001-11-28 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Coccidioidomycosis in workers at an archeologic site--Dinosaur National Monument, Utah, June-July 2001. AN - 72304653; 11724157 AB - Coccidioidomycosis is a fungal infection caused by inhalation of airborne Coccidioides immitis spores that are present in the arid soil of the southwestern United States, California, and parts of Central and South America. Infection with C. immitis previously has not been diagnosed in patients outside these areas, except in travelers returning from areas where the disease is endemic. This report describes an outbreak of coccidioidomycosis in workers at an archeologic site in northeastern Utah during June-July, 2001, and represents the first identification of coccidioidomycosis in northern Utah. Health-care providers should consider coccidioidomycosis in the differential diagnosis for patients with compatible illness who reside in or recently have traveled to this area. Interventions to minimize soil disturbance and dust inhalation can reduce the risk for coccidioidomycosis. JF - MMWR. Morbidity and mortality weekly report AU - Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) AD - Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) Y1 - 2001/11/16/ PY - 2001 DA - 2001 Nov 16 SP - 1005 EP - 1008 VL - 50 IS - 45 SN - 0149-2195, 0149-2195 KW - Antibodies, Fungal KW - 0 KW - Index Medicus KW - Spores, Fungal -- isolation & purification KW - Soil Microbiology KW - Diagnosis, Differential KW - Humans KW - Utah -- epidemiology KW - Adult KW - Antibodies, Fungal -- blood KW - Disease Outbreaks KW - Adolescent KW - Coccidioides -- isolation & purification KW - Occupational Diseases -- diagnosis KW - Coccidioidomycosis -- diagnosis KW - Coccidioidomycosis -- epidemiology KW - Archaeology KW - Occupational Diseases -- epidemiology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/72304653?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=MMWR.+Morbidity+and+mortality+weekly+report&rft.atitle=Coccidioidomycosis+in+workers+at+an+archeologic+site--Dinosaur+National+Monument%2C+Utah%2C+June-July+2001.&rft.au=Centers+for+Disease+Control+and+Prevention+%28CDC%29&rft.aulast=Centers+for+Disease+Control+and+Prevention+%28CDC%29&rft.aufirst=&rft.date=2001-11-16&rft.volume=50&rft.issue=45&rft.spage=1005&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=MMWR.+Morbidity+and+mortality+weekly+report&rft.issn=01492195&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 2001-12-07 N1 - Date created - 2001-11-28 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Update: Interim recommendations for antimicrobial prophylaxis for children and breastfeeding mothers and treatment of children with anthrax. AN - 72302915; 11724160 AB - Ciprofloxacin or doxycycline is recommended for antimicrobial prophylaxis and treatment of adults and children with Bacillus anthracis infection associated with the recent bioterrorist attacks in the United States. Amoxicillin is an option for antimicrobial prophylaxis for children and pregnant women and to complete treatment of cutaneous disease when B. anthracis is susceptible to penicillin, as is the case in the recent attacks. Use of ciprofloxacin or doxycycline might be associated with adverse effects in children, and liquid formulations of these drugs are not widely available. This notice provides further information about prophylaxis and treatment of children and breastfeeding mothers, including the use of amoxicillin. JF - MMWR. Morbidity and mortality weekly report AU - Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) AD - Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) Y1 - 2001/11/16/ PY - 2001 DA - 2001 Nov 16 SP - 1014 EP - 1016 VL - 50 IS - 45 SN - 0149-2195, 0149-2195 KW - Anti-Infective Agents KW - 0 KW - Penicillin G Procaine KW - 17R794ESYN KW - Ciprofloxacin KW - 5E8K9I0O4U KW - Amoxicillin KW - 804826J2HU KW - Doxycycline KW - N12000U13O KW - Index Medicus KW - Penicillin G Procaine -- therapeutic use KW - Penicillin G Procaine -- adverse effects KW - Breast Feeding KW - Humans KW - Doxycycline -- adverse effects KW - Ciprofloxacin -- therapeutic use KW - Ciprofloxacin -- adverse effects KW - Amoxicillin -- adverse effects KW - Child KW - Bioterrorism KW - Child, Preschool KW - Infant KW - Amoxicillin -- therapeutic use KW - Adult KW - Male KW - Female KW - Doxycycline -- therapeutic use KW - Skin Diseases, Bacterial -- prevention & control KW - Anti-Infective Agents -- therapeutic use KW - Anti-Infective Agents -- adverse effects KW - Anthrax -- prevention & control KW - Antibiotic Prophylaxis -- adverse effects KW - Respiratory Tract Infections -- prevention & control UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/72302915?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=MMWR.+Morbidity+and+mortality+weekly+report&rft.atitle=Update%3A+Interim+recommendations+for+antimicrobial+prophylaxis+for+children+and+breastfeeding+mothers+and+treatment+of+children+with+anthrax.&rft.au=Centers+for+Disease+Control+and+Prevention+%28CDC%29&rft.aulast=Centers+for+Disease+Control+and+Prevention+%28CDC%29&rft.aufirst=&rft.date=2001-11-16&rft.volume=50&rft.issue=45&rft.spage=1014&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=MMWR.+Morbidity+and+mortality+weekly+report&rft.issn=01492195&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 2001-12-07 N1 - Date created - 2001-11-28 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Enhanced Systemic Tissue Distribution after Dermal versus Intravenous 3,3',4,4'-Tetrachlorobiphenyl Exposure: Limited Utility of Radiolabel Blood Area under the Curve and Excretion Data in Dermal Absorption Calculations and Tissue Exposure Assessment AN - 18218908; 5289242 AB - As a dioxin-like polychlorinated biphenyl (PCB), 3,3',4,4'-tetrachlorobiphenyl (TCB) is receiving increasing research and regulatory interest due to its high toxicity and persistence in the environment. super(14)C-TCB was administered at an identical dose of 300 mu g via the intravenous (iv) or dermal route to swine to examine the exposure route dependency of the relationship between tissue exposure and blood area under the curve (AUC) and the relationship between dermal absorption and excretion of radiolabel. After iv and dermal exposure, blood, urine, and feces samples were collected during the 11-day in vivo studies. At the end of the experiments, full mass balance studies were conducted to characterize tissue distribution of label. On average, over 70% of the applied dermal and iv doses were recovered. As expected, more than a 10-fold increase in blood AUC (0.49 vs 0.031, h . % dose/ml), plasma AUC (0.40 vs 0.038, h . % dose/ml), urine excretion (29 vs 2.3% of the applied dose), and fecal (30 vs 3.0% of the applied dose) excretion was determined after iv exposure compared to dermal exposure. However, we unexpectedly found that the tissue residue following iv exposure (8.0% of the applied dose) was only half that following dermal exposure (16% of the applied dose). Significantly larger (20- to 30-fold) ratios of blood AUC:tissue residue and excretion:tissue residue were observed after iv exposure compared to dermal exposure. This may indicate a route-related concentration-dependent blood-to-tissue partition process of pooled label, unique skin metabolism, or saturable hepatic metabolism of TCB. Thus, a long-term, low-input exposure pattern similar to this dermal exposure could be more harmful to systemic tissues than a short-term, high-dose exposure similar to this iv exposure. One should be aware that greater absorption, higher blood concentrations, greater blood and plasma AUCs, and greater excretion of label do not necessarily result in a greater overall tissue exposure and that some conventional approaches using label determination in blood and excreta without full mass balance studies may underestimate dermal absorption of chemicals similar to TCB. Copyright 2001 Academic Press. JF - Toxicology and Applied Pharmacology AU - Qiao, G L AU - Riviere, JE AD - Exposure Assessment Branch/Health Effect Laboratory Division, National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, Centers for Disease Control, U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, Morgantown, West Virginia, 26505, gaq1@cdc.gov Y1 - 2001/11/15/ PY - 2001 DA - 2001 Nov 15 SP - 26 EP - 37 PB - Academic Press VL - 177 IS - 1 SN - 0041-008X, 0041-008X KW - dermal absorption KW - pigs KW - pharmacokinetics KW - skin KW - Toxicology Abstracts KW - Intravenous administration KW - Tetrachlorobiphenyl KW - X 24153:Metabolism UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/18218908?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxicologyabstracts&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Toxicology+and+Applied+Pharmacology&rft.atitle=Enhanced+Systemic+Tissue+Distribution+after+Dermal+versus+Intravenous+3%2C3%27%2C4%2C4%27-Tetrachlorobiphenyl+Exposure%3A+Limited+Utility+of+Radiolabel+Blood+Area+under+the+Curve+and+Excretion+Data+in+Dermal+Absorption+Calculations+and+Tissue+Exposure+Assessment&rft.au=Qiao%2C+G+L%3BRiviere%2C+JE&rft.aulast=Qiao&rft.aufirst=G&rft.date=2001-11-15&rft.volume=177&rft.issue=1&rft.spage=26&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Toxicology+and+Applied+Pharmacology&rft.issn=0041008X&rft_id=info:doi/10.1006%2Ftaap.2001.9284 LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Tetrachlorobiphenyl; Intravenous administration DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1006/taap.2001.9284 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Interim guidelines for investigation of and response to Bacillus anthracis exposures. AN - 72305445; 11724154 AB - Environmental Sampling. Environmental testing to detect B. anthracis on surfaces or in the air can be used to investigate known or suspected exposure events. The highest priority of an investigation is to evaluate the risk for exposure to aerosolized B. anthracis spores. Persons collecting and testing samples should 1) obtain adequate samples, 2) avoid cross-contamination during processing, and 3) ensure proficient laboratory testing and interpretation of test results. A positive laboratory test for B. anthracis from a sample of an environmental surface may be caused by cross-contamination from an exposure vehicle (e.g., contact with an envelope containing B. anthracis), background occurrence of B. anthracis spores in the environment, or previously aerosolized B. anthracis that has settled onto environmental surfaces. Laboratory test results of environmental surface samples should not be the only criterion for starting, continuing, or stopping antimicrobial prophylaxis for inhalational disease. JF - MMWR. Morbidity and mortality weekly report AU - Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) AD - Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) Y1 - 2001/11/09/ PY - 2001 DA - 2001 Nov 09 SP - 987 EP - 990 VL - 50 IS - 44 SN - 0149-2195, 0149-2195 KW - Index Medicus KW - Occupational Exposure KW - Humans KW - Nasopharynx -- microbiology KW - Practice Guidelines as Topic KW - Colony Count, Microbial KW - Antibiotic Prophylaxis KW - Bioterrorism KW - Bacillus anthracis -- isolation & purification KW - Environmental Exposure KW - Anthrax -- prevention & control KW - Spores, Bacterial -- isolation & purification UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/72305445?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=MMWR.+Morbidity+and+mortality+weekly+report&rft.atitle=Interim+guidelines+for+investigation+of+and+response+to+Bacillus+anthracis+exposures.&rft.au=Centers+for+Disease+Control+and+Prevention+%28CDC%29&rft.aulast=Centers+for+Disease+Control+and+Prevention+%28CDC%29&rft.aufirst=&rft.date=2001-11-09&rft.volume=50&rft.issue=44&rft.spage=987&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=MMWR.+Morbidity+and+mortality+weekly+report&rft.issn=01492195&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 2001-12-07 N1 - Date created - 2001-11-28 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Update: Investigation of bioterrorism-related anthrax and adverse events from antimicrobial prophylaxis. AN - 72304838; 11724150 AB - CDC and state and local public health authorities continue to investigate cases of bioterrorism-related anthrax. As of November 7, a total of 22 cases of anthrax have been identified according to the CDC surveillance case definition; 10 were confirmed inhalational anthrax cases and 12 cases (seven confirmed and five suspected) were cutaneous anthrax (Table 1). The majority of cases have occurred in persons working at postal facilities in New Jersey (NJ) and the District of Columbia (DC) in which letters contaminated with anthrax were handled or processed using high-speed sorting machines, or at media companies in New York City (NYC) or Florida (FL) where letters, either confirmed or presumed to be contaminated with anthrax, were opened or handled. The probable exposures for a case of cutaneous anthrax in NJ and a case of inhalational anthrax in NYC remain unknown. Epidemiologic investigations of these cases and surveillance to detect new cases of bioterrorism-associated anthrax continue. This report updates the investigation of these cases and describes adverse events associated with antimicrobial prophylaxis. JF - MMWR. Morbidity and mortality weekly report AU - Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) AD - Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) Y1 - 2001/11/09/ PY - 2001 DA - 2001 Nov 09 SP - 973 EP - 976 VL - 50 IS - 44 SN - 0149-2195, 0149-2195 KW - Anti-Infective Agents KW - 0 KW - Ciprofloxacin KW - 5E8K9I0O4U KW - Index Medicus KW - Public Health Practice KW - Humans KW - Postal Service KW - United States -- epidemiology KW - Treatment Refusal KW - Mass Media KW - Antibiotic Prophylaxis -- adverse effects KW - Skin Diseases, Bacterial -- prevention & control KW - Occupational Exposure KW - Occupational Diseases -- diagnosis KW - Spores, Bacterial KW - Skin Diseases, Bacterial -- drug therapy KW - Occupational Diseases -- drug therapy KW - Respiratory Tract Infections -- epidemiology KW - Occupational Diseases -- prevention & control KW - Ciprofloxacin -- therapeutic use KW - Ciprofloxacin -- adverse effects KW - Skin Diseases, Bacterial -- diagnosis KW - Anthrax -- prevention & control KW - Respiratory Tract Infections -- drug therapy KW - Bacillus anthracis KW - Bioterrorism KW - Respiratory Tract Infections -- diagnosis KW - Anthrax -- diagnosis KW - Anti-Infective Agents -- therapeutic use KW - Anthrax -- epidemiology KW - Anti-Infective Agents -- adverse effects KW - Skin Diseases, Bacterial -- epidemiology KW - Occupational Diseases -- epidemiology KW - Anthrax -- drug therapy KW - Respiratory Tract Infections -- prevention & control UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/72304838?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=MMWR.+Morbidity+and+mortality+weekly+report&rft.atitle=Update%3A+Investigation+of+bioterrorism-related+anthrax+and+adverse+events+from+antimicrobial+prophylaxis.&rft.au=Centers+for+Disease+Control+and+Prevention+%28CDC%29&rft.aulast=Centers+for+Disease+Control+and+Prevention+%28CDC%29&rft.aufirst=&rft.date=2001-11-09&rft.volume=50&rft.issue=44&rft.spage=973&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=MMWR.+Morbidity+and+mortality+weekly+report&rft.issn=01492195&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 2001-12-07 N1 - Date created - 2001-11-28 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - State medicaid coverage for tobacco-dependence treatments--United States, 1998 and 2000. AN - 72300232; 11724152 AB - The Guide to Community Preventive Services recommends reducing the cost of tobacco-dependence treatments because these interventions increase both the use of treatment by smokers during attempts to stop smoking and the number of smokers who actually stop. The Public Health Service (PHS) Clinical Practice Guideline supports insurance coverage for tobacco-dependence treatment (i.e., individual, group, and telephone counseling, and Food and Drug Administration-approved pharmacotherapy. One of the 2010 national health objectives is to provide coverage in the 50 states and District of Columbia (DC) for nicotine-dependence treatment by Medicaid (objective 27.8b). In 2000, approximately 32 million low-income persons in the United States received their health insurance coverage through the federal-state Medicaid program; approximately 11.5 million (36%) of these persons smoked (CDC, unpublished data, 2000). Medicaid recipients have approximately 50% greater smoking prevalence than the overall U.S. population. To assess the amount and type of coverage for tobacco dependence offered by Medicaid, the Center for Health and Public Policy Studies at the University of California, Berkeley, conducted state surveys in 1998 and 2000. In 1998, 24 states and DC offered some coverage for tobacco-dependence treatment; in 2000, nine started offering some coverage. In 1998 and 2000, one state offered coverage for all the counseling and pharmacotherapy treatments recommended by PHS. These findings indicate that states can reduce smoking prevalence among Medicaid recipients by implementing more extensive Medicaid coverage for treatment of tobacco dependence. JF - MMWR. Morbidity and mortality weekly report AU - Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) AD - Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) Y1 - 2001/11/09/ PY - 2001 DA - 2001 Nov 09 SP - 979 EP - 982 VL - 50 IS - 44 SN - 0149-2195, 0149-2195 KW - Neurotransmitter Agents KW - 0 KW - Bupropion KW - 01ZG3TPX31 KW - Index Medicus KW - United States KW - Neurotransmitter Agents -- therapeutic use KW - Counseling -- economics KW - Bupropion -- therapeutic use KW - Humans KW - Drug Prescriptions -- economics KW - Neurotransmitter Agents -- economics KW - Bupropion -- economics KW - Smoking Cessation -- economics KW - Tobacco Use Disorder -- therapy KW - Tobacco Use Disorder -- economics KW - Medicaid UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/72300232?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=MMWR.+Morbidity+and+mortality+weekly+report&rft.atitle=State+medicaid+coverage+for+tobacco-dependence+treatments--United+States%2C+1998+and+2000.&rft.au=Centers+for+Disease+Control+and+Prevention+%28CDC%29&rft.aulast=Centers+for+Disease+Control+and+Prevention+%28CDC%29&rft.aufirst=&rft.date=2001-11-09&rft.volume=50&rft.issue=44&rft.spage=979&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=MMWR.+Morbidity+and+mortality+weekly+report&rft.issn=01492195&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 2001-12-07 N1 - Date created - 2001-11-28 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Interim recommendations for protecting workers from exposure to Bacillus anthracis in work sites in which mail is handled or processed. AN - 72275811; 11708595 AB - CDC has developed interim recommendations to assist personnel responsible for occupational health and safety in developing a comprehensive program to reduce potential cutaneous or inhalational exposures to Bacillus anthracis spores among workers in work sites in which mail is handled or processed. Such work sites include post offices, mail distribution/handling centers, bulk mail centers, air mail facilities, priority mail processing centers, public and private mail rooms, and other settings in which workers are responsible for handling and processing mail. The recommendations are based on the limited information available on methods to avoid infection and on the effectiveness of various prevention strategies. These recommendations will be updated as new informat on becomes available. JF - MMWR. Morbidity and mortality weekly report AU - Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) AD - Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) Y1 - 2001/11/02/ PY - 2001 DA - 2001 Nov 02 SP - 961 VL - 50 IS - 43 SN - 0149-2195, 0149-2195 KW - Index Medicus KW - United States KW - Humans KW - Skin Diseases, Bacterial -- prevention & control KW - Spores, Bacterial KW - Occupational Exposure -- prevention & control KW - Anthrax -- prevention & control KW - Postal Service KW - Bioterrorism KW - Bacillus anthracis KW - Respiratory Tract Infections -- prevention & control UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/72275811?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=MMWR.+Morbidity+and+mortality+weekly+report&rft.atitle=Interim+recommendations+for+protecting+workers+from+exposure+to+Bacillus+anthracis+in+work+sites+in+which+mail+is+handled+or+processed.&rft.au=Centers+for+Disease+Control+and+Prevention+%28CDC%29&rft.aulast=Centers+for+Disease+Control+and+Prevention+%28CDC%29&rft.aufirst=&rft.date=2001-11-02&rft.volume=50&rft.issue=43&rft.spage=961&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=MMWR.+Morbidity+and+mortality+weekly+report&rft.issn=01492195&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 2001-12-04 N1 - Date created - 2001-11-15 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Updated recommendations for antimicrobial prophylaxis among asymptomatic pregnant women after exposure to Bacillus anthracis. AN - 72272378; 11708594 AB - The antimicrobial of choice for initial prophylactic therapy among asymptomatic pregnant women exposed to Bacillus anthracis is ciprofloxacin, 500 mg twice a day for 60 days. In instances in which the specific B. anthracis strain has been shown to be penicillin-sensitive, prophylactic therapy with amoxicillin, 500 mg three times a day for 60 days, may be considered. Isolates of B. anthracis implicated in the current bioterrorist attacks are susceptible to penicillin in laboratory tests, but may contain penicillinase activity. Pencillins are not recommended for treatment of anthrax, where such penicillinase activity may decrease their effectiveness. However, penicillins are likely to be effective for preventing anthrax, a setting where relatively few organisms are present. Doxycycline should be used with caution in asymptomatic pregnant women and only when contraindications are indicated to the use of other appropriate antimicrobial drugs. JF - MMWR. Morbidity and mortality weekly report AU - Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) AD - Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) Y1 - 2001/11/02/ PY - 2001 DA - 2001 Nov 02 SP - 960 VL - 50 IS - 43 SN - 0149-2195, 0149-2195 KW - Anti-Bacterial Agents KW - 0 KW - Anti-Infective Agents KW - Penicillins KW - Ciprofloxacin KW - 5E8K9I0O4U KW - Doxycycline KW - N12000U13O KW - Index Medicus KW - Anti-Infective Agents -- therapeutic use KW - Anti-Bacterial Agents -- therapeutic use KW - Humans KW - Ciprofloxacin -- therapeutic use KW - Penicillins -- therapeutic use KW - Female KW - Pregnancy KW - Doxycycline -- therapeutic use KW - Spores, Bacterial KW - Environmental Exposure KW - Antibiotic Prophylaxis KW - Anthrax -- prevention & control KW - Bioterrorism KW - Bacillus anthracis UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/72272378?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=MMWR.+Morbidity+and+mortality+weekly+report&rft.atitle=Updated+recommendations+for+antimicrobial+prophylaxis+among+asymptomatic+pregnant+women+after+exposure+to+Bacillus+anthracis.&rft.au=Centers+for+Disease+Control+and+Prevention+%28CDC%29&rft.aulast=Centers+for+Disease+Control+and+Prevention+%28CDC%29&rft.aufirst=&rft.date=2001-11-02&rft.volume=50&rft.issue=43&rft.spage=960&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=MMWR.+Morbidity+and+mortality+weekly+report&rft.issn=01492195&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 2001-12-04 N1 - Date created - 2001-11-15 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Alaska's model program for occupational injury prevention: applying surveillance for effective public health practice. AN - 72370911; 11768453 AB - NIOSH established its Alaska Field Station in Anchorage, Alaska, in 1991, after identifying Alaska as America's highest-risk state for traumatic worker fatalities. Since then, NIOSH established comprehensive occupational injury surveillance in Alaska, and formed and facilitated interagency working groups (of state and federal agencies) and industry, labor, and professional organizations to address major factors leading to occupational death and injury in the state. Descriptive epidemiologic study of registry surveillance data obtained via direct on-site investigation of incidents and data-sharing with jurisdictional agencies. We established a surveillance system, obtaining information via data-sharing with jurisdictional agencies and from direct on-site investigation of incidents. Also, we collaborate with state and regional government agencies, industry, workers, and non-governmental organizations to develop interventions. During 1991-1999, Alaska experienced a 50-percent overall decline in work-related deaths, including a substantial decline in commercial fishing deaths, and a very sharp decline in helicopter logging-related deaths. These efforts have lead to major national and international government-industry collaborative efforts in improving the safety of helicopter lift operations, and a concomitant improvement in fishing industry mortality rates among workers fishing Alaskan seas. Using surveillance data as information for action, these collaborative efforts have contributed to reducing Alaska's high occupational fatality rate. This reduction has been most clearly demonstrated in the rapidly expanding helicopter logging industry. The application of surveillance data also has played an important supportive role in the substantial progress made in reducing the mortality rate in Alaska's commercial fishing industry--historically, Alaska's (and America's) most dangerous industry, and the worst killer of Alaskan workers. Results suggest that extending Alaska's approach to occupational injury surveillance and prevention to other parts of the country, and application of these strategies to the entire spectrum of occupational injury hazards, could have a broad impact on reducing occupational injuries. JF - International journal of circumpolar health AU - Conway, G A AU - Lincoln, J M AU - Husberg, B J AU - Manwaring, J C AU - Bensyl, D M AU - Choromanski, D M AD - CDC/NIOSH/DSR, Anchorage, Alaska 99508, USA. GConway@cdc.gov Y1 - 2001/11// PY - 2001 DA - November 2001 SP - 714 EP - 723 VL - 60 IS - 4 SN - 1239-9736, 1239-9736 KW - Index Medicus KW - United States KW - Registries KW - Aircraft KW - Humans KW - Alaska -- epidemiology KW - Technology Transfer KW - National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (U.S.) KW - Accidents, Occupational -- prevention & control KW - Wounds and Injuries -- epidemiology KW - Public Health Practice KW - Wounds and Injuries -- prevention & control KW - Accidents, Occupational -- mortality KW - Population Surveillance UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/72370911?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=International+journal+of+circumpolar+health&rft.atitle=Alaska%27s+model+program+for+occupational+injury+prevention%3A+applying+surveillance+for+effective+public+health+practice.&rft.au=Conway%2C+G+A%3BLincoln%2C+J+M%3BHusberg%2C+B+J%3BManwaring%2C+J+C%3BBensyl%2C+D+M%3BChoromanski%2C+D+M&rft.aulast=Conway&rft.aufirst=G&rft.date=2001-11-01&rft.volume=60&rft.issue=4&rft.spage=714&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=International+journal+of+circumpolar+health&rft.issn=12399736&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 2002-01-17 N1 - Date created - 2001-12-21 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-14 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-19 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Bioterrorism-related inhalational anthrax: the first 10 cases reported in the United States. AN - 72367244; 11747719 AB - From October 4 to November 2, 2001, the first 10 confirmed cases of inhalational anthrax caused by intentional release of Bacillus anthracis were identified in the United States. Epidemiologic investigation indicated that the outbreak, in the District of Columbia, Florida, New Jersey, and New York, resulted from intentional delivery of B. anthracis spores through mailed letters or packages. We describe the clinical presentation and course of these cases of bioterrorism-related inhalational anthrax. The median age of patients was 56 years (range 43 to 73 years), 70% were male, and except for one, all were known or believed to have processed, handled, or received letters containing B. anthracis spores. The median incubation period from the time of exposure to onset of symptoms, when known (n=6), was 4 days (range 4 to 6 days). Symptoms at initial presentation included fever or chills (n=10), sweats (n=7), fatigue or malaise (n=10), minimal or nonproductive cough (n=9), dyspnea (n=8), and nausea or vomiting (n=9). The median white blood cell count was 9.8 X 10(3)/mm(3) (range 7.5 to 13.3), often with increased neutrophils and band forms. Nine patients had elevated serum transaminase levels, and six were hypoxic. All 10 patients had abnormal chest X-rays; abnormalities included infiltrates (n=7), pleural effusion (n=8), and mediastinal widening (seven patients). Computed tomography of the chest was performed on eight patients, and mediastinal lymphadenopathy was present in seven. With multidrug antibiotic regimens and supportive care, survival of patients (60%) was markedly higher (<15%) than previously reported. JF - Emerging infectious diseases AU - Jernigan, J A AU - Stephens, D S AU - Ashford, D A AU - Omenaca, C AU - Topiel, M S AU - Galbraith, M AU - Tapper, M AU - Fisk, T L AU - Zaki, S AU - Popovic, T AU - Meyer, R F AU - Quinn, C P AU - Harper, S A AU - Fridkin, S K AU - Sejvar, J J AU - Shepard, C W AU - McConnell, M AU - Guarner, J AU - Shieh, W J AU - Malecki, J M AU - Gerberding, J L AU - Hughes, J M AU - Perkins, B A AU - Anthrax Bioterrorism Investigation Team AD - NCID, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia 30333, USA. jjernigan@cdc.gov ; Anthrax Bioterrorism Investigation Team PY - 2001 SP - 933 EP - 944 VL - 7 IS - 6 SN - 1080-6040, 1080-6040 KW - Index Medicus KW - Humans KW - Adult KW - Aged KW - Middle Aged KW - Bacillus anthracis -- physiology KW - United States -- epidemiology KW - Male KW - Female KW - Anthrax -- epidemiology KW - Anthrax -- transmission KW - Anthrax -- physiopathology KW - Bioterrorism KW - Inhalation Exposure -- adverse effects UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/72367244?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Emerging+infectious+diseases&rft.atitle=Bioterrorism-related+inhalational+anthrax%3A+the+first+10+cases+reported+in+the+United+States.&rft.au=Jernigan%2C+J+A%3BStephens%2C+D+S%3BAshford%2C+D+A%3BOmenaca%2C+C%3BTopiel%2C+M+S%3BGalbraith%2C+M%3BTapper%2C+M%3BFisk%2C+T+L%3BZaki%2C+S%3BPopovic%2C+T%3BMeyer%2C+R+F%3BQuinn%2C+C+P%3BHarper%2C+S+A%3BFridkin%2C+S+K%3BSejvar%2C+J+J%3BShepard%2C+C+W%3BMcConnell%2C+M%3BGuarner%2C+J%3BShieh%2C+W+J%3BMalecki%2C+J+M%3BGerberding%2C+J+L%3BHughes%2C+J+M%3BPerkins%2C+B+A%3BAnthrax+Bioterrorism+Investigation+Team&rft.aulast=Jernigan&rft.aufirst=J&rft.date=2001-11-01&rft.volume=7&rft.issue=6&rft.spage=933&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Emerging+infectious+diseases&rft.issn=10806040&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 2002-02-08 N1 - Date created - 2001-12-18 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - SuppNotes - Cited By: MMWR Morb Mortal Wkly Rep. 2001 Oct 19;50(41):889-93 [11686472] MMWR Morb Mortal Wkly Rep. 2001 Oct 26;50(42):909-19 [11699843] MMWR Morb Mortal Wkly Rep. 2001 Nov 2;50(43):941-8 [11708591] Arch Environ Health. 1969 May;18(5):798-805 [4976545] Bull N Y Acad Med. 1978 Nov;54(10):956-63 [361121] Hum Pathol. 1978 Sep;9(5):594-7 [101438] Am J Hyg. 1960 Jul;72:6-23 [13803672] Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1993 Mar 15;90(6):2291-4 [8460135] Science. 1994 Nov 18;266(5188):1202-8 [7973702] N Engl J Med. 1999 Sep 9;341(11):815-26 [10477781] AMA Arch Intern Med. 1955 Sep;96(3):387-96 [13248274] Am J Med. 1960 Dec;29:992-1001 [13736379] Am J Pathol. 1960 Apr;36:457-71 [13792449] Ann N Y Acad Sci. 1980;353:83-93 [7013615] N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Randomized, controlled, double-blind trial of topical treatment of cutaneous leishmaniasis with paromomycin plus methylbenzethonium chloride ointment in Guatemala. AN - 72287233; 11716099 AB - A double-blind, randomized trial was undertaken in Guatemala to determine the therapeutic efficacy of an ointment for the treatment of cutaneous leishmaniasis that contained 15% paromomycin and 12% methylbenzethonium chloride and that was applied twice a day for 20 days. The treatment group included 35 patients, and the placebo group included 33 patients. The initial clinical response rate (13 weeks after completing the treatment) was 91.4% in the treatment group and 39.4% in the placebo group. The final clinical response rate at the 12-month follow-up examination was 85.7% (31 of 35) in the treatment group and 39.4% (13 of 33) in the placebo group (P < or = 0.001). In general, the treatment was well tolerated and was never interrupted because of adverse effects. The number of adverse effects reported in the placebo group was lower than in the treatment group (16 events versus 30 events). All adverse effects reported by patients disappeared within 1 week of completing the treatment. Our findings show that the combination of paromomycin with methylbenzethonium chloride for 20 days is a good alternative for antimonial treatments of cutaneous leishmaniasis in Guatemala. JF - The American journal of tropical medicine and hygiene AU - Arana, B A AU - Mendoza, C E AU - Rizzo, N R AU - Kroeger, A AD - Center for Health Studies, Universidad del Valle de Guatemala, Guatemala. baaz@cdc.gov Y1 - 2001/11// PY - 2001 DA - November 2001 SP - 466 EP - 470 VL - 65 IS - 5 SN - 0002-9637, 0002-9637 KW - Antiprotozoal Agents KW - 0 KW - Ointments KW - Benzethonium KW - 1VU15B70BP KW - Paromomycin KW - 61JJC8N5ZK KW - methylbenzethonium chloride KW - WOA57K8S5V KW - Abridged Index Medicus KW - Index Medicus KW - Drug Therapy, Combination KW - Double-Blind Method KW - Humans KW - Adult KW - Middle Aged KW - Child KW - Adolescent KW - Male KW - Female KW - Leishmaniasis, Cutaneous -- drug therapy KW - Benzethonium -- adverse effects KW - Benzethonium -- administration & dosage KW - Antiprotozoal Agents -- administration & dosage KW - Paromomycin -- adverse effects KW - Paromomycin -- administration & dosage KW - Benzethonium -- analogs & derivatives UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/72287233?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+American+journal+of+tropical+medicine+and+hygiene&rft.atitle=Randomized%2C+controlled%2C+double-blind+trial+of+topical+treatment+of+cutaneous+leishmaniasis+with+paromomycin+plus+methylbenzethonium+chloride+ointment+in+Guatemala.&rft.au=Arana%2C+B+A%3BMendoza%2C+C+E%3BRizzo%2C+N+R%3BKroeger%2C+A&rft.aulast=Arana&rft.aufirst=B&rft.date=2001-11-01&rft.volume=65&rft.issue=5&rft.spage=466&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=The+American+journal+of+tropical+medicine+and+hygiene&rft.issn=00029637&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 2001-12-07 N1 - Date created - 2001-11-21 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Spontaneous abortion, sex ratio, and paternal occupational exposure to 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin. AN - 72284094; 11712997 AB - There is conflicting research regarding an association between fetal death and paternal exposure to Agent Orange, a phenoxy herbicide widely used in Vietnam that was contaminated with 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin (TCDD). Men who worked in the U.S. factories that produced Agent Orange were exposed to TCDD at levels hundreds of times higher than TCDD levels in the general population. Wives of TCDD-exposed chemical workers and wives of nonexposed neighborhood referents were interviewed to determine reproductive history. Paternal serum TCDD level at time of conception was estimated for each pregnancy using serum samples taken in 1987. Estimated TCDD levels of workers during or after exposure were high (median, 254 ppt; range, 3-16,340 ppt) compared to referent levels (median, 6 ppt; range, 2-19 ppt). No association between paternal TCDD level at the time of conception and spontaneous abortion was observed among pregnancies fathered by workers with TCDD levels of or= 1,120 ppt (OR = 0.95; 95% CI, 0.42-2.17) compared to pregnancies fathered by referents. The sex ratio [males/(males + females)] of offspring also did not differ by TCDD exposure (0.53 and 0.54 among workers and referents, respectively). We did not find an association between paternal serum TCDD level and spontaneous abortion or sex ratio of offspring in this population. The estimated TCDD levels in this exposed worker population were much higher than in other studies, providing additional evidence that paternal TCDD exposure does not increase the risk of spontaneous abortion at levels above those observed in the general population. The study could not evaluate the effect of father's childhood or prenatal TCDD exposure on subsequent sex ratio. JF - Environmental health perspectives AU - Schnorr, T M AU - Lawson, C C AU - Whelan, E A AU - Dankovic, D A AU - Deddens, J A AU - Piacitelli, L A AU - Reefhuis, J AU - Sweeney, M H AU - Connally, L B AU - Fingerhut, M A AD - National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, Cincinnati, Ohio 45226, USA. tschnorr@cdc.gov Y1 - 2001/11// PY - 2001 DA - November 2001 SP - 1127 EP - 1132 VL - 109 IS - 11 SN - 0091-6765, 0091-6765 KW - Environmental Pollutants KW - 0 KW - Polychlorinated Dibenzodioxins KW - Index Medicus KW - Cross-Sectional Studies KW - Odds Ratio KW - Humans KW - Adult KW - Aged KW - Middle Aged KW - Male KW - Female KW - Risk Assessment KW - Occupational Exposure KW - Paternal Exposure KW - Abortion, Spontaneous -- chemically induced KW - Polychlorinated Dibenzodioxins -- adverse effects KW - Sex Ratio KW - Environmental Pollutants -- adverse effects UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/72284094?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Environmental+health+perspectives&rft.atitle=Spontaneous+abortion%2C+sex+ratio%2C+and+paternal+occupational+exposure+to+2%2C3%2C7%2C8-tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin.&rft.au=Schnorr%2C+T+M%3BLawson%2C+C+C%3BWhelan%2C+E+A%3BDankovic%2C+D+A%3BDeddens%2C+J+A%3BPiacitelli%2C+L+A%3BReefhuis%2C+J%3BSweeney%2C+M+H%3BConnally%2C+L+B%3BFingerhut%2C+M+A&rft.aulast=Schnorr&rft.aufirst=T&rft.date=2001-11-01&rft.volume=109&rft.issue=11&rft.spage=1127&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Environmental+health+perspectives&rft.issn=00916765&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 2001-12-28 N1 - Date created - 2001-11-19 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - SuppNotes - Cited By: Lancet. 2000 May 27;355(9218):1858-63 [10866441] Epidemiology. 1998 Jul;9(4):474-5 [9647916] Arch Environ Health. 1982 Jul-Aug;37(4):197-200 [7114899] JAMA. 1984 May 11;251(18):2372-80 [6231388] JAMA. 1984 Aug 17;252(7):903-12 [6748190] Anal Chem. 1986 Apr;58(4):705-13 [3706742] Biometrics. 1986 Mar;42(1):121-30 [3719049] Environ Res. 1988 Dec;47(2):150-74 [3263269] Am J Ind Med. 1989;16(2):135-46 [2773945] N Engl J Med. 1991 Jan 24;324(4):212-8 [1985242] Am J Ind Med. 1993 Jun;23(6):845-58 [8392292] Am J Epidemiol. 1994 Feb 1;139(3):272-81 [8116602] Epidemiology. 1995 Jan;6(1):17-22 [7888439] Lancet. 1996 Aug 10;348(9024):409 [8709758] Epidemiology. 1998 Mar;9(2):161-7 [9504284] Environ Health Perspect. 1998 Apr;106 Suppl 2:743-53 [9599726] Am J Epidemiol. 1982 May;115(5):695-713 [7081201] N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Prevalence of health-related behaviors among alternative high school students as compared with students attending regular high schools. AN - 72250488; 11691595 AB - To provide national data on health-risk behaviors of students attending alternative high schools and compare the prevalence of these risk behaviors with data from the 1997 national Youth Risk Behavior Survey. The national Youth Risk Behavior Survey uses a three-stage cluster sampling design. Data were collected from 8918 students in alternative high schools in 1998 (ALT-YRBS) and 16,262 students in regular high schools in 1997 (YRBS). The health-risk behaviors addressed include behaviors that contribute to unintentional injuries and violence, tobacco use, alcohol and other drug use, sexual behaviors, unhealthy dietary behaviors, and physical inactivity. A weighing factor was applied to each student record to adjust for nonresponse and varying probabilities of selection. SUDAAN was used to compute 95% confidence intervals, which were considered significant if the 95% confidence intervals did not overlap. Students attending alternative high schools were at significantly greater risk than students in regular high schools for violence-related injury; suicide; human immunodeficiency virus infection or other sexually transmitted diseases; pregnancy; and development of chronic disease related to tobacco use, unhealthy dieting practices, and lack of vigorous activity. Many students in alternative high schools are at risk for both acute and chronic health problems. Because these youth are still in a school setting, alternative high schools are in a unique position to provide programs to help decrease the prevalence of risk-taking behaviors. JF - The Journal of adolescent health : official publication of the Society for Adolescent Medicine AU - Grunbaum, J A AU - Lowry, R AU - Kann, L AD - Division of Adolescent and School Health, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia 30341, USA. jgrunbaum@cdc.gov Y1 - 2001/11// PY - 2001 DA - November 2001 SP - 337 EP - 343 VL - 29 IS - 5 SN - 1054-139X, 1054-139X KW - Index Medicus KW - Violence -- statistics & numerical data KW - Humans KW - Smoking -- epidemiology KW - Population Surveillance KW - Risk Assessment KW - Risk Factors KW - Confidence Intervals KW - Adolescent KW - United States -- epidemiology KW - Sex Distribution KW - Female KW - Male KW - Substance-Related Disorders -- epidemiology KW - Prevalence KW - Sexual Behavior -- statistics & numerical data KW - Adolescent Behavior KW - Risk-Taking KW - Attitude to Health KW - Schools -- classification KW - Health Behavior KW - Schools -- statistics & numerical data UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/72250488?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Journal+of+adolescent+health+%3A+official+publication+of+the+Society+for+Adolescent+Medicine&rft.atitle=Prevalence+of+health-related+behaviors+among+alternative+high+school+students+as+compared+with+students+attending+regular+high+schools.&rft.au=Grunbaum%2C+J+A%3BLowry%2C+R%3BKann%2C+L&rft.aulast=Grunbaum&rft.aufirst=J&rft.date=2001-11-01&rft.volume=29&rft.issue=5&rft.spage=337&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=The+Journal+of+adolescent+health+%3A+official+publication+of+the+Society+for+Adolescent+Medicine&rft.issn=1054139X&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 2001-12-07 N1 - Date created - 2001-11-05 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Counterpoint: invasive aspergillosis and the environment--rethinking our approach to prevention. AN - 72172766; 11568854 AB - Preventive measures are important in the control of invasive aspergillosis (IA) because diagnosis is difficult and the outcome of treatment is poor. If effective strategies are to be devised, it will be essential to have a clearer understanding of the sources and routes of transmission of Aspergillus species. Nosocomial outbreaks of IA highlight the fact that Aspergillus spores are common in the hospital environment. However, in general, such outbreaks are uncommon. Most cases of IA are sporadic in nature, and many of them are now being acquired outside of the hospital setting. Housing patients in high-energy particulate air-filtered hospital rooms helps prevent IA, but it is feasible and cost-effective only for the highest-risk groups and for limited periods. Control measures, which are designed to protect patients from exposure to spores outside the hospital, are even more difficult. Nevertheless, now that high-risk patients are spending more time outside of the hospital, the cost benefits of antifungal prophylaxis and other preventive measures require careful evaluation. JF - Clinical infectious diseases : an official publication of the Infectious Diseases Society of America AU - Hajjeh, R A AU - Warnock, D W AD - Mycotic Diseases Branch, Division of Bacterial and Mycotic Diseases, National Center for Infectious Diseases, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA 30333, USA. rhajjeh@cdc.gov Y1 - 2001/11/01/ PY - 2001 DA - 2001 Nov 01 SP - 1549 EP - 1552 VL - 33 IS - 9 SN - 1058-4838, 1058-4838 KW - Index Medicus KW - Humans KW - Water Supply KW - Aspergillus KW - Air KW - Aspergillosis -- prevention & control KW - Environmental Exposure KW - Cross Infection -- epidemiology KW - Aspergillosis -- epidemiology KW - Cross Infection -- prevention & control UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/72172766?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Clinical+infectious+diseases+%3A+an+official+publication+of+the+Infectious+Diseases+Society+of+America&rft.atitle=Counterpoint%3A+invasive+aspergillosis+and+the+environment--rethinking+our+approach+to+prevention.&rft.au=Hajjeh%2C+R+A%3BWarnock%2C+D+W&rft.aulast=Hajjeh&rft.aufirst=R&rft.date=2001-11-01&rft.volume=33&rft.issue=9&rft.spage=1549&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Clinical+infectious+diseases+%3A+an+official+publication+of+the+Infectious+Diseases+Society+of+America&rft.issn=10584838&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 2002-01-09 N1 - Date created - 2001-10-05 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - SuppNotes - Comment In: Clin Infect Dis. 2002 Aug 1;35(3):343-6 [12115106] Comment On: Clin Infect Dis. 2001 Nov 1;33(9):1546-8 [11568850] N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Role of biofilms in the survival of Legionella pneumophila in a model potable-water system AN - 18367030; 5347759 AB - Legionellae can infect and multiply intracellularly in both human phagocytic cells and protozoa. Growth of legionellae in the absence of protozoa has been documented only on complex laboratory media. The hypothesis upon which this study was based was that biofilm matrices, known to provide a habitat and a gradient of nutrients, might allow the survival and multiplication of legionellae outside a host cell. This study determined whether Legionella pneumophila can colonize and grow in biofilms with and without an association with Hartmannella vermiformis. The laboratory model used a rotating disc reactor at a retention time of 6 times 7 h to grow biofilms on stainless steel coupons. The biofilm was composed of Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Klebsiella pneumoniae and a Flavobacterium sp. The levels of L. pneumophila cells present in the biofilm were monitored for 15 d, with and without the presence of H. vermiformis, and it was found that, although unable to replicate in the absence of H. vermiformis, L. pneumophila was able to persist. JF - Microbiology AU - Murga, R AU - Forster, T S AU - Brown, E AU - Pruckler, J M AU - Fields, B S AU - Donlan, R M AD - Epidemiology and Laboratory Branch, Division of Healthcare Quality Promotion, and Respiratory Disease Branch, Division of Bacterial and Mycotic Diseases, National Center for Infectious Diseases, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA 30333, USA, rmurga@cdc.gov Y1 - 2001/11// PY - 2001 DA - Nov 2001 SP - 3121 EP - 3126 VL - 147 IS - 11 SN - 1350-0872, 1350-0872 KW - Microbiology Abstracts B: Bacteriology KW - J 02722:Biodegradation, growth, nutrition and leaching UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/18367030?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologyb&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Microbiology&rft.atitle=Role+of+biofilms+in+the+survival+of+Legionella+pneumophila+in+a+model+potable-water+system&rft.au=Murga%2C+R%3BForster%2C+T+S%3BBrown%2C+E%3BPruckler%2C+J+M%3BFields%2C+B+S%3BDonlan%2C+R+M&rft.aulast=Murga&rft.aufirst=R&rft.date=2001-11-01&rft.volume=147&rft.issue=11&rft.spage=3121&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Microbiology&rft.issn=13500872&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Prevalence and Correlates of Sunscreen Use Among US High School Students AN - 18282870; 5343338 AB - Sun exposure during childhood and adolescence increases the risk of skin cancer later in life. To determine the prevalence and correlates of sunscreen use among US high school students, researchers assessed data on sunscreen use, demographic characteristics, and health behaviors obtained from the 1999 Youth Risk Behavior Survey (YRBS). This survey used a three-stage cluster sample design to produce a nationally representative sample of students in grades 9-12 (N=15,349). Overall, 13.3% (95% confidence interval, plus or minus 1.3) of students used sunscreen always or most of the time (ie, frequent use). Frequent sunscreen use was lower among males (8.6%, plus or minus 1.2) than females (18.1%, plus or minus 1.9) and among Blacks (4.8%, plus or minus 1.7) and Hispanics (10.8%, plus or minus 2.8) than Whites (16.5%, plus or minus 1.9). Frequent sunscreen use decreased with age. Infrequent use of sunscreen was associated with other risky health behaviors, such as driving after drinking or riding in a car with a drinking driver, smoking cigarettes, being sexually active, and being physically inactive. Results indicate a need for health education interventions addressing sunscreen use that target high school students. JF - Journal of School Health AU - Hall, H I AU - Jones, SE AU - Saraiya, M AD - National Center for Chronic Disease Prevention and Health Promotion, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Mailstop K53, 4770 Buford Highway, Atlanta, GA 30341, USA, ixh1@cdc.gov Y1 - 2001/11// PY - 2001 DA - Nov 2001 SP - 453 EP - 457 VL - 71 IS - 9 SN - 0022-4391, 0022-4391 KW - sunscreens KW - Risk Abstracts; Health & Safety Science Abstracts KW - Skin KW - Cancer KW - Education KW - Behavior KW - Adolescents KW - H 11000:Diseases/Injuries/Trauma KW - R2 23060:Medical and environmental health UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/18282870?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Ariskabstracts&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+School+Health&rft.atitle=Prevalence+and+Correlates+of+Sunscreen+Use+Among+US+High+School+Students&rft.au=Hall%2C+H+I%3BJones%2C+SE%3BSaraiya%2C+M&rft.aulast=Hall&rft.aufirst=H&rft.date=2001-11-01&rft.volume=71&rft.issue=9&rft.spage=453&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+School+Health&rft.issn=00224391&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Cancer; Skin; Adolescents; Education; Behavior ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Estimating Historical Respirable Crystalline Silica Exposures for Chinese Pottery Workers and Iron/Copper, Tin, and Tungsten Miners AN - 18262639; 5311927 AB - Collaborative studies of Chinese workers, using over four decades of dust monitoring data, are being conducted by the National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH) and Tongji Medical University in China. The goal of these projects is to establish exposure-response relationships for the development of diseases such as silicosis or lung cancer in cohorts of pottery and mine workers. It is necessary to convert Chinese dust measurements to respirable silica measurements in order to make results from the Chinese data comparable to other results in the literature. This article describes the development of conversion factors and estimates of historical respirable crystalline silica exposure for Chinese workers. Ambient total dust concentrations (n>17 000) and crystalline silica concentrations (n=347) in bulk dust were first gathered from historical industrial hygiene records. Analysis of the silica content in historical bulk samples revealed no trend from 1950 up to the present. During 1988-1989, side-by-side airborne dust samples (n=143 pairs) were collected using nylon cyclones and traditional Chinese samplers in 20 metal mines and nine pottery factories in China. These data were used to establish conversion factors between respirable crystalline silica concentrations and Chinese total dust concentrations. Based on the analysis of the available evidence, conversion factors derived from the 1988-1989 sampling campaign are assumed to apply to other time periods in this paper. The conversion factors were estimated to be 0.0143 for iron/copper, 0.0355 for pottery factories, 0.0429 for tin mines, and 0.0861 for tungsten mines. Conversion factors for individual facilities within each industry were also calculated. Analysis of variance revealed that mean conversion factors are significantly different among facilities within the iron/copper industry and within the pottery industry. The relative merits of using facility-specific conversion factors, industry-wide conversion factors, or a weighted average of the two are discussed. The exposure matrix of the historical Chinese total dust concentrations was multiplied by these conversion factors to obtain an exposure matrix of historical respirable crystalline silica concentrations. JF - Annals of Occupational Hygiene AU - Zhuang, Z AU - Hearl, F J AU - Odencrantz, J AU - Chen, W AU - Chen, B T AU - Chen, J Q AU - Mccawley, MA AU - Gao, P AU - Soderholm, S C AD - National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, US Department of Health and Human Services, 1095 Willowdale Road, Morgantown, WV 26505, USA, zaz3@cdc.gov Y1 - 2001/11// PY - 2001 DA - Nov 2001 SP - 631 EP - 642 VL - 45 IS - 8 SN - 0003-4878, 0003-4878 KW - pottery KW - silica KW - Health & Safety Science Abstracts; Pollution Abstracts KW - Inhalation KW - Copper KW - Dust KW - Tungsten KW - Occupational exposure KW - Mining KW - China, People's Rep. KW - Iron KW - H 1000:Occupational Safety and Health KW - P 6000:TOXICOLOGY AND HEALTH UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/18262639?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Apollution&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Annals+of+Occupational+Hygiene&rft.atitle=Estimating+Historical+Respirable+Crystalline+Silica+Exposures+for+Chinese+Pottery+Workers+and+Iron%2FCopper%2C+Tin%2C+and+Tungsten+Miners&rft.au=Zhuang%2C+Z%3BHearl%2C+F+J%3BOdencrantz%2C+J%3BChen%2C+W%3BChen%2C+B+T%3BChen%2C+J+Q%3BMccawley%2C+MA%3BGao%2C+P%3BSoderholm%2C+S+C&rft.aulast=Zhuang&rft.aufirst=Z&rft.date=2001-11-01&rft.volume=45&rft.issue=8&rft.spage=631&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Annals+of+Occupational+Hygiene&rft.issn=00034878&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - China, People's Rep.; Dust; Occupational exposure; Inhalation; Mining; Iron; Copper; Tungsten ER - TY - JOUR T1 - HIV-Related Behaviors and Perceptions Among Adults in 25 States: 1997 Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System AN - 18244547; 5303390 AB - To assess the level of HIV-related risk behavior among the general US adult population, we analyzed data from the first sexual behavior questions available for states to use with the Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System. The Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System is a state-specific, population-based, random telephone survey. In 1997, 25 states collected sexual behavior data. Annual prevalence estimates for selected behaviors were calculated and examined by sociodemographic characteristics. The correlation between actual and perceived HIV risk also was determined. Most (77.1%) of the respondents reported just 1 sexual partner in the past year; 26.0% reported using a condom at last intercourse. Males, persons who were younger, and Blacks were more likely to report 2 or more partners but also more likely to report using a condom at last intercourse. Only 4.1% of the respondents reported a risk factor for HIV infection; 7.7% reported that they were at medium or high risk for HIV. Actual and perceived HIV risk were positively associated. Most US adults do not engage in HIV-related risk behavior; those that do are more likely to report protective behavior. JF - American Journal of Public Health AU - Holtzman, D AU - Bland, S D AU - Lansky, A AU - Mack, KA AD - Division of Adult and Community Health, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Mail Stop K-66, 4770 Buford Hwy NE, Atlanta, GA 30341, USA, dxh4@cdc.gov Y1 - 2001/11// PY - 2001 DA - Nov 2001 SP - 1882 EP - 1888 VL - 91 IS - 11 SN - 0090-0036, 0090-0036 KW - HIV KW - condoms KW - disease transmission KW - sexual behavior KW - Virology & AIDS Abstracts; Risk Abstracts; Health & Safety Science Abstracts KW - Risk assessment KW - Transmission (sexual) KW - Sexual behavior KW - Disease transmission KW - Condoms KW - Perception KW - Human immunodeficiency virus KW - H 11000:Diseases/Injuries/Trauma KW - V 22006:AIDS: Other aspects KW - R2 23060:Medical and environmental health UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/18244547?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Ariskabstracts&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=American+Journal+of+Public+Health&rft.atitle=HIV-Related+Behaviors+and+Perceptions+Among+Adults+in+25+States%3A+1997+Behavioral+Risk+Factor+Surveillance+System&rft.au=Holtzman%2C+D%3BBland%2C+S+D%3BLansky%2C+A%3BMack%2C+KA&rft.aulast=Holtzman&rft.aufirst=D&rft.date=2001-11-01&rft.volume=91&rft.issue=11&rft.spage=1882&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=American+Journal+of+Public+Health&rft.issn=00900036&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Human immunodeficiency virus; Perception; Disease transmission; Transmission (sexual); Risk assessment; Sexual behavior; Condoms ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Trends in antifungal drug susceptibility of Cryptococcus neoformans isolates in the United States: 1992 to 1994 and 1996 to 1998 AN - 18237421; 5294747 AB - The antifungal drug susceptibilities of two collections of Cryptococcus neoformans isolates obtained through active laboratory-based surveillance from 1992 to 1994 (368 isolates) and 1996 to 1998 (364 isolates) were determined. The MICs of fluconazole, itraconazole, and flucytosine were determined by the National Committee for Clinical Laboratory Standards broth microdilution method; amphotericin B MICs were determined by the E-test. Our results showed that the MIC ranges, the MICs at which 50% of isolates are inhibited (MIC sub(50)s), and the MIC sub(90)s of these four antifungal agents did not change from 1992 to 1998. In addition, very small numbers of isolates showed elevated MICs suggestive of in vitro resistance. The MICs of amphotericin B were elevated ( greater than or equal to 2 mu g/ml) for 2 isolates, and the MICs of flucytosine were elevated ( greater than or equal to 32 mu g/ml) for 14 isolates. Among the azoles, the fluconazole MIC was elevated ( greater than or equal to 64 mu g/ml) for 8 isolates and the itraconazole MIC ( greater than or equal to 1 mu g/ml) was elevated for 45 isolates. Analysis of 172 serial isolates from 71 patients showed little change in the fluconazole MIC over time. For isolates from 58 patients (82% of serial cases) there was either no change or a twofold change in the fluconazole MIC. In contrast, for isolates from seven patients (12% of serial cases) the increase in the MIC was at least fourfold. For isolates from another patient there was a 32-fold decrease in the fluconazole MIC over a 1-month period. We conclude that in vitro resistance to antifungal agents remains uncommon in C. neoformans and has not significantly changed with time during the past decade. JF - Antimicrobial Agents & Chemotherapy AU - Brandt, ME AU - Pfaller, MA AU - Hajjeh, R A AU - Hamill, R J AU - Pappas, P G AU - Reingold, AL AU - Rimland, D AU - Warnock, D W AD - Mycotic Diseases Branch, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, 1600 Clifton Rd., N.E., Mailstop G-11, Atlanta, GA 30333, USA, Mbrandt@cdc.gov Y1 - 2001/11// PY - 2001 DA - Nov 2001 SP - 3065 EP - 3069 VL - 45 IS - 11 SN - 0066-4804, 0066-4804 KW - isolates KW - Microbiology Abstracts A: Industrial & Applied Microbiology; Microbiology Abstracts C: Algology, Mycology & Protozoology KW - Amphotericin B KW - Antifungal agents KW - Drug resistance KW - Drug sensitivity testing KW - Minimum inhibitory concentration KW - flucytosine KW - USA KW - fluconazole KW - Cryptococcus neoformans KW - itraconazole KW - A 01064:Microbial resistance KW - K 03063:Effects of physical & chemical factors UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/18237421?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologya&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Antimicrobial+Agents+%26+Chemotherapy&rft.atitle=Trends+in+antifungal+drug+susceptibility+of+Cryptococcus+neoformans+isolates+in+the+United+States%3A+1992+to+1994+and+1996+to+1998&rft.au=Brandt%2C+ME%3BPfaller%2C+MA%3BHajjeh%2C+R+A%3BHamill%2C+R+J%3BPappas%2C+P+G%3BReingold%2C+AL%3BRimland%2C+D%3BWarnock%2C+D+W&rft.aulast=Brandt&rft.aufirst=ME&rft.date=2001-11-01&rft.volume=45&rft.issue=11&rft.spage=3065&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Antimicrobial+Agents+%26+Chemotherapy&rft.issn=00664804&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Cryptococcus neoformans; USA; Antifungal agents; fluconazole; itraconazole; flucytosine; Minimum inhibitory concentration; Drug sensitivity testing; Amphotericin B; Drug resistance ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Pooled exposure-response analyses and risk assessment for lung cancer in 10 cohorts of silica-exposed workers: an IARC multicentre study AN - 18229024; 5292464 AB - Silica is one of the most common occupational exposures worldwide. In 1997 the International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC) classified inhaled crystalline silica as a human carcinogen (group 1), but acknowledged limitations in the epidemiologic data, including inconsistencies across studies and the lack of extensive exposure-response data. We have conducted a pooled exposure-response analysis of 10 silica-exposed cohorts to investigate lung cancer. The pooled cohort included 65,980 workers (44,160 miners, 21,820 nominees), and 1072 lung cancer deaths (663 miners, 409 nonminers). Follow-up has been extended for five of these cohorts beyond published data. Quantitative exposure estimates by job and calendar time were adopted, modified, or developed to permit common analyses by respirable silica (mg/m super(3)) across cohorts. The log of cumulative exposure, with a 15-year lag, was a strong predictor of lung cancer (p = 0.0001), with consistency across studies (test for heterogeneity, p = 0.34). Results for the log of cumulative exposure were consistent between underground mines and other facilities. Categorical analyses by quintile of cumulative exposure resulted in a monotonic trend with odds ratios of 1.0, 1.0, 1.3, 1.5, 1.6. Analyses using a spline curve also showed a monotonic increase in risk with increasing exposure. The estimated excess lifetime risk (through age 75) of lung cancer for a worker exposed from age 20 to 65 at 0.1 mg/m super(3) respirable crystalline silica (the permissible level in many countries) was 1.1-1.7%, above background risks of 3-6%. Our results support the decision by the IARC to classify inhaled silica in occupational settings as a carcinogen, and suggest that the current exposure limits in many countries may be inadequate. These data represent the first quantitative exposure-response analysis and risk assessment for silica using data from multiple studies. JF - Cancer Causes & Control AU - Steenland, K AU - Mannetje, A AU - Boffetta, P AU - Stayner, L AU - Attfield, M AU - Chen, Jingqiong AU - Dosemeci, M AU - DeKlerk, N AU - Hnizdo, E AU - Koskela, R AU - Checkoway, H AD - Department of Health and Human Service, Robert A. Taft Laboratories, 4676 Columbia Parkway, OH 45226, Cincinatti, USA, nsteenland@cdc.gov Y1 - 2001/11// PY - 2001 DA - Nov 2001 SP - 773 EP - 784 VL - 12 IS - 9 SN - 0957-5243, 0957-5243 KW - silicon dioxide KW - man KW - chronic exposure KW - lung cancer KW - silica KW - Risk Abstracts; Health & Safety Science Abstracts; Toxicology Abstracts KW - Risk assessment KW - Silica KW - Dose-response effects KW - Mining KW - Occupational exposure KW - Lung cancer KW - R2 23080:Industrial and labor KW - H 1000:Occupational Safety and Health KW - X 24152:Chronic exposure UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/18229024?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Ariskabstracts&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Cancer+Causes+%26+Control&rft.atitle=Pooled+exposure-response+analyses+and+risk+assessment+for+lung+cancer+in+10+cohorts+of+silica-exposed+workers%3A+an+IARC+multicentre+study&rft.au=Steenland%2C+K%3BMannetje%2C+A%3BBoffetta%2C+P%3BStayner%2C+L%3BAttfield%2C+M%3BChen%2C+Jingqiong%3BDosemeci%2C+M%3BDeKlerk%2C+N%3BHnizdo%2C+E%3BKoskela%2C+R%3BCheckoway%2C+H&rft.aulast=Steenland&rft.aufirst=K&rft.date=2001-11-01&rft.volume=12&rft.issue=9&rft.spage=773&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Cancer+Causes+%26+Control&rft.issn=09575243&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Lung cancer; Risk assessment; Occupational exposure; Mining; Dose-response effects; Silica ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Functional Antibody Activity Elicited by Fractional Doses of Haemophilus influenzae Type b Conjugate Vaccine (Polyribosylribitol Phosphate-Tetanus Toxoid Conjugate) AN - 18221226; 5280024 AB - We evaluated the functional activities of antibodies, serum bactericidal activity (SBA), and immunoglobulin G (IgG) antibody avidity indices, using sodium thiocyanate (NaSCN) elution, elicited after vaccination with fractional doses of the Haemophilus influenzae type b conjugate (polyribosylribitol phosphate [PRP] conjugated to tetanus toxoid [PRP-T]) vaccine. A cohort of 600 infants from the Dominican Republic were randomized to receive one of three regimens of the PRP-T vaccine at ages 2, 4, and 6 months: full doses (10 mu g of PRP antigen), one-half doses (5.0 mu g), and one-third doses (3.3 mu g) (J. Fernandez et al., Am. J. Trop. Med. Hyg. 62:485-490, 2000). Sixty serum samples, collected at age 7 months, with greater than or equal to 2.0 mu g of anti-PRP IgG per ml were randomly selected for avidity determinations. Geometric mean IgG concentrations were 13, 14, and 17 mu g/ml for infants who received the full-dose (n = 19), one-half-dose (n = 19), and one-third-dose (n = 22) regimens, respectively. SBA geometric mean titers (1/dilution) were 85.0, 82.0, and 76.1 in sera from infants receiving the full-, one-half-, and one-third-dose regimens, respectively. Avidity indices (mean plus or minus standard error weighted average of NaSCN molar concentration x serum dilution factor) were 71.9 plus or minus 9.4, 123.6 plus or minus 26.8, and 150.9 plus or minus 24.9 for the full-, one-half-, and one-third-dose regimens, respectively. Upon comparison, the only significant difference (P = 0.024) found was a greater avidity index for sera from infants receiving the one-third-dose regimen than for sera from infants receiving the the full-dose regimen. We conclude that fractional doses elicit similar functional antibody activities in infants with greater than or equal to 2 mu g of anti-PRP IgG per ml, corresponding to 89, 90, and 97% of infants receiving three doses of either the full concentration or one-half or one-third of the labeled concentration, respectively. This approach offers an alternative strategy for the prevention of H. influenzae type b disease in countries with limited resources. JF - Clinical and Diagnostic Laboratory Immunology AU - Romero-Steiner, S AU - Fernandez, J AU - Biltoft, C AU - Wohl, ME AU - Sanchez, J AU - Feris, J AU - Balter, S AU - Levine, O S AU - Carlone, G M AD - MS A-36, Immunology Section, Respiratory Diseases Branch, DBMD, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, 1600 Clifton Rd., Atlanta, GA 30333, USA, sxs8@cdc.gov Y1 - 2001/11// PY - 2001 DA - Nov 2001 SP - 1115 EP - 1119 VL - 8 IS - 6 SN - 1071-412X, 1071-412X KW - sodium thiocyanate KW - conjugates KW - man KW - polyribosylribitol phosphate KW - thiocyanate sodium KW - Microbiology Abstracts B: Bacteriology; Immunology Abstracts KW - Haemophilus influenzae KW - Antibody response KW - Toxoids KW - Tetanus KW - Antibodies KW - Immunoglobulin G KW - Vaccines KW - Infants KW - J 02834:Vaccination and immunization KW - F 06807:Active immunization UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/18221226?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologyb&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Clinical+and+Diagnostic+Laboratory+Immunology&rft.atitle=Functional+Antibody+Activity+Elicited+by+Fractional+Doses+of+Haemophilus+influenzae+Type+b+Conjugate+Vaccine+%28Polyribosylribitol+Phosphate-Tetanus+Toxoid+Conjugate%29&rft.au=Romero-Steiner%2C+S%3BFernandez%2C+J%3BBiltoft%2C+C%3BWohl%2C+ME%3BSanchez%2C+J%3BFeris%2C+J%3BBalter%2C+S%3BLevine%2C+O+S%3BCarlone%2C+G+M&rft.aulast=Romero-Steiner&rft.aufirst=S&rft.date=2001-11-01&rft.volume=8&rft.issue=6&rft.spage=1115&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Clinical+and+Diagnostic+Laboratory+Immunology&rft.issn=1071412X&rft_id=info:doi/10.1128%2FCDLI.8.6.1115-1119.2001 LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Haemophilus influenzae; Vaccines; Tetanus; Toxoids; Antibodies; Antibody response; Immunoglobulin G; Infants DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/CDLI.8.6.1115-1119.2001 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Comparison of Methods for Identification of Mycobacterium abscessus and M. chelonae Isolates AN - 18132378; 5216050 AB - Mycobacterium abscessus and Mycobacterium chelonae are two closely related species that are often not distinguished by clinical laboratories despite the fact they cause diseases requiring different treatment regimens. Multilocus enzyme electrophoresis, PCR-restriction fragment length polymorphism analysis of the 65-kDa heat shock protein gene, biochemical tests, and high-performance liquid chromatography of mycolic acids were used to identify 75 isolates as either M. abscessus or M. chelonae that were originally submitted for drug susceptibility testing. Only 36 of these isolates were submitted with an identification at the species level. Using the above methods, 46 of the isolates were found to be M. abscessus and 29 were identified as M. chelonae. Eight isolates originally submitted as M. chelonae were identified as M. abscessus, and one isolate submitted as M. abscessus was found to be M. chelonae. The four identification methods were in agreement in identifying 74 of the 75 isolates. In drug susceptibility testing, all isolates of M. abscessus exhibited resistance to tobramycin (MIC of 8 to >16 mu g/ml), while all isolates of M. chelonae were susceptible to this drug (MIC of >4 mu g/ml). The results suggest that once an identification method is selected, clinical laboratories should be able to easily identify isolates of M. abscessus and M. chelonae. JF - Journal of Clinical Microbiology AU - Yakrus, MA AU - Hernandez, S M AU - Floyd, M M AU - Sikes, D AU - Butler, W R AU - Metchock, B AD - Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Mailstop FO8, 1600 Clifton Rd., Atlanta, GA 30333., may2@cdc.gov Y1 - 2001/11// PY - 2001 DA - Nov 2001 SP - 4103 EP - 4110 VL - 39 IS - 11 SN - 0095-1137, 0095-1137 KW - Hsp65 protein KW - multilocus enzyme electrophoresis KW - mycolic acids KW - Microbiology Abstracts B: Bacteriology KW - High-performance liquid chromatography KW - Heat shock proteins KW - Tobramycin KW - Mycobacterium abscessus KW - Drug resistance KW - Drug sensitivity testing KW - Restriction fragment length polymorphism KW - Mycobacterium chelonae KW - Polymerase chain reaction KW - J 02710:Identification, taxonomy and typing KW - J 02814:Drug resistance UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/18132378?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologyb&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Clinical+Microbiology&rft.atitle=Comparison+of+Methods+for+Identification+of+Mycobacterium+abscessus+and+M.+chelonae+Isolates&rft.au=Yakrus%2C+MA%3BHernandez%2C+S+M%3BFloyd%2C+M+M%3BSikes%2C+D%3BButler%2C+W+R%3BMetchock%2C+B&rft.aulast=Yakrus&rft.aufirst=MA&rft.date=2001-11-01&rft.volume=39&rft.issue=11&rft.spage=4103&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+Clinical+Microbiology&rft.issn=00951137&rft_id=info:doi/10.1128%2FJCM.39.11.4103-4110.2001 LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Mycobacterium abscessus; Mycobacterium chelonae; Polymerase chain reaction; Tobramycin; Restriction fragment length polymorphism; Heat shock proteins; High-performance liquid chromatography; Drug sensitivity testing; Drug resistance DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/JCM.39.11.4103-4110.2001 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Identification of a p28 Gene in Ehrlichia ewingii: Evaluation of Gene for Use as a Target for a Species-Specific PCR Diagnostic Assay AN - 18132342; 5216040 AB - PCR was used to amplify a 537-bp region of an Ehrlichia ewingii gene encoding a homologue of the 28-kDa major antigenic protein (P28) of Ehrlichia chaffeensis. The E. ewingii p28 gene homologue was amplified from DNA extracted from whole blood obtained from four humans and one canine with confirmed cases of infection. Sequencing of the PCR products (505 bp) revealed a partial gene with homology to outer membrane protein genes from Ehrlichia and Cowdria spp.: p30 of Ehrlichia canis (>71.3%), p28 of E. chaffeensis (>68.3%), and map1 of Cowdria ruminantium (67.3%). The peptide sequence of the E. ewingii partial gene product was deduced (168 amino acids) and the antigenicity profile was analyzed, revealing a hydrophilic protein with >69.1% identity to P28 of E. chaffeensis, >67.3% identity to P30 of E. canis, and >63.1% identity to MAP1 of C. ruminantium. Primers were selected from the E. ewingii p28 sequence and used to develop a species-specific PCR diagnostic assay. The p28 PCR assay amplified the expected 215-bp product from DNA that was extracted from EDTA-treated blood from each of the confirmed E. ewingii infections that were available. The assay did not produce PCR products with DNA extracted from E. chaffeensis-, E. canis-, or E. phagocytophila-infected samples, confirming the specificity of the p28 assay for E. ewingii. The sensitivity of the E. ewingii-specific PCR assay was evaluated and determined to detect as few as 38 copies of the p28 gene. JF - Journal of Clinical Microbiology AU - Gusa, A A AU - Buller, R S AU - Storch, G A AU - Huycke, M M AU - Machado, L J AU - Slater, L N AU - Stockham, S L AU - Massung, R F AD - Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, 1600 Clifton Rd., MS G-13, Atlanta, GA 30333., rfm2@cdc.gov Y1 - 2001/11// PY - 2001 DA - Nov 2001 SP - 3871 EP - 3876 VL - 39 IS - 11 SN - 0095-1137, 0095-1137 KW - homology KW - p28 gene KW - Microbiology Abstracts B: Bacteriology; Microbiology Abstracts A: Industrial & Applied Microbiology KW - Bioassays KW - Ehrlichia ewingii KW - Polymerase chain reaction KW - Diagnostic agents KW - A 01116:Bacteria KW - J 02710:Identification, taxonomy and typing UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/18132342?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologyb&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Clinical+Microbiology&rft.atitle=Identification+of+a+p28+Gene+in+Ehrlichia+ewingii%3A+Evaluation+of+Gene+for+Use+as+a+Target+for+a+Species-Specific+PCR+Diagnostic+Assay&rft.au=Gusa%2C+A+A%3BBuller%2C+R+S%3BStorch%2C+G+A%3BHuycke%2C+M+M%3BMachado%2C+L+J%3BSlater%2C+L+N%3BStockham%2C+S+L%3BMassung%2C+R+F&rft.aulast=Gusa&rft.aufirst=A&rft.date=2001-11-01&rft.volume=39&rft.issue=11&rft.spage=3871&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+Clinical+Microbiology&rft.issn=00951137&rft_id=info:doi/10.1128%2FJCM.39.11.3871-3876.2001 LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Ehrlichia ewingii; Diagnostic agents; Bioassays; Polymerase chain reaction DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/JCM.39.11.3871-3876.2001 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - International chemical safety cards and global harmonization AN - 18125525; 5205891 AB - The International Chemical Safety Cards (ICSCs) project began in 1986 and is an undertaking of the International Programme on Chemical Safety (UNEP, ILO and WHO). It is being developed in co-operation with the Commission of the European Communities. ICSCs are comprehensive, concise, and simple summaries of essential health and safety information on specific chemicals for use as basic information and training tools at the "shop floor" level by workers and employers. Although of international origin, they are not legally binding. The cards consist of a series of standard phrases on information collected, verified, and peer reviewed by internationally recognized experts, and taking into account advice from manufacturers and Poison Control Centers. Since the cards might be the principal information source in less developed areas or in small and medium size enterprises, their usefulness is increased by their availability in multiple languages. The cards make reference to existing classifications numbers and there is great similarity when compared with categories used in MSDSs; however, the information on the cards is abbreviated, standardized, and targeted for less technical readers. The cards are therefore considered complementary to the more detailed MSDSs. Approximately 60% of the goal of 2000 cards are now completed, including the periodic updates of existing cards. The ICSC serves as a model for disseminating chemical safety information to workers and is available in multiple languages on the Internet. The cards are part of the effort to achieve a globally harmonized system for the classification and labeling of chemicals. JF - Safety Science AU - Niemeier, R W AU - Obadia, I AD - National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, 4676 Columbia Parkway, Cincinnati, OH, USA, rwnl@cdc.gov Y1 - 2001/11// PY - 2001 DA - Nov 2001 SP - 107 EP - 115 VL - 39 IS - 1-2 SN - 0925-7535, 0925-7535 KW - International Chemical Safety Cards KW - Health & Safety Science Abstracts KW - Chemicals KW - Government programs KW - Training KW - Hazardous materials KW - Emergency preparedness KW - International standardization KW - H 6000:Natural Disasters/Civil Defense/Emergency Management UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/18125525?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Ahealthsafetyabstracts&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Safety+Science&rft.atitle=International+chemical+safety+cards+and+global+harmonization&rft.au=Niemeier%2C+R+W%3BObadia%2C+I&rft.aulast=Niemeier&rft.aufirst=R&rft.date=2001-11-01&rft.volume=39&rft.issue=1-2&rft.spage=107&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Safety+Science&rft.issn=09257535&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Hazardous materials; Chemicals; Emergency preparedness; Training; International standardization; Government programs ER - TY - JOUR T1 - DNA Relatedness, Phenotypic Characteristics, and Antimicrobial Susceptibilities of Globicatella sanguinis Strains AN - 18120603; 5216027 AB - DNA-DNA reassociation was performed on 15 strains of Globicatella sanguinis to compare their taxonomic status with phenotypic characterization. All 15 strains selected for DNA-DNA reassociation readily met the criteria for species relatedness. The relative binding ratio was 81% or greater at the optimal temperature and 76% or greater at the stringent temperature, and the divergence was less than 3% for all strains hybridized with the type strain. These strains included nine strains from the Centers for Disease Control Streptococcus Laboratory culture collection that were previously included in comparative 16S rRNA gene sequencing studies as well as six additional phenotypically variant isolates. DNA-DNA relatedness was less than 18% at the optimal reassociation temperature to Aerococcus viridans, Enterococcus avium, and Streptococcus uberis, which are phenotypically similar to G. sanguinis. This study confirms these Globicatella strains were previously misidentified as S. uberis or S. uberis-like strains based on biochemical characteristics. The biochemical data from 28 strains was compiled to further define the phenotypic criteria for identification of this species. A revised description of the species should be variable reaction for pyrrolidonylarylamidase production (75% positive), positive reaction for the bile esculin test (100%), growth at 45 degree C (96%), variable reaction for acid production from arabinose (45% positive), and negative starch hydrolysis (0% positive). We also evaluated four rapid identification systems, the Biomerieux rapid ID32 STREP (ID32), the Crystal rapid gram-positive identification (Cry4), the BBL Crystal gram-positive identification (Cry24), and the Remel IDS RapID STR (IDS) systems for their ability to identify these strains. JF - Journal of Clinical Microbiology AU - Shewmaker, P L AU - Steigerwalt, A G AU - Shealey, L AU - Weyant, R AU - Facklam, R R AD - Centers for Disease Control, NCID, DBMD, RDB, 1600 Clifton Rd., N.E. Mailstop CO2, Atlanta, GA 30333., PAW3@CDC.GOV Y1 - 2001/11// PY - 2001 DA - Nov 2001 SP - 4052 EP - 4057 VL - 39 IS - 11 SN - 0095-1137, 0095-1137 KW - phenotypes KW - DNA-DNA reassociation KW - bile esculin KW - pyrrolidonylarylamidase KW - rRNA 16S KW - Microbiology Abstracts B: Bacteriology KW - Temperature effects KW - Aerococcus viridans KW - Globicatella sanguinis KW - DNA KW - Taxonomic revision KW - Enterococcus avium KW - Taxonomy KW - Streptococcus uberis KW - Diagnostic agents KW - J 02710:Identification, taxonomy and typing UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/18120603?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologyb&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Clinical+Microbiology&rft.atitle=DNA+Relatedness%2C+Phenotypic+Characteristics%2C+and+Antimicrobial+Susceptibilities+of+Globicatella+sanguinis+Strains&rft.au=Shewmaker%2C+P+L%3BSteigerwalt%2C+A+G%3BShealey%2C+L%3BWeyant%2C+R%3BFacklam%2C+R+R&rft.aulast=Shewmaker&rft.aufirst=P&rft.date=2001-11-01&rft.volume=39&rft.issue=11&rft.spage=4052&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+Clinical+Microbiology&rft.issn=00951137&rft_id=info:doi/10.1128%2FJCM.39.11.4052-4057.2001 LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Enterococcus avium; Streptococcus uberis; Aerococcus viridans; Globicatella sanguinis; Taxonomy; Taxonomic revision; Diagnostic agents; Temperature effects; DNA DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/JCM.39.11.4052-4057.2001 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Cellular Fatty Acid Composition of Lautropia mirabilis AN - 18117541; 5216034 AB - Ten strains of Lautropia mirabilis (ATCC 51599 super(T) and nine phenotypically similar clinical isolates) were examined for cellular fatty acid (CFA) composition to evaluate their chemical relatedness to known bacterial species and groups. The CFAs were liberated from whole cells by base hydrolysis, methylated, and analyzed by gas-liquid chromatography. CFA profiles were generated by using a commerical software package (MIDI, Newark, Del.). All strains tested had an identical CFA profile characterized by major amounts of 16:1 omega 7c (41%) and 16:0 (44%); smaller amounts (1 to 4%) of 3-OH-10:0, 12:0, 14:0, 15:0, and 18:1 omega 7c; trace amounts (<1%) of 10:0, 18:2 and 18:0; and no cyclopropane acids. This profile was similar to the CFA profiles of Acidovorax delafieldii, Comamonas terrigena, and strains of an unclassified Centers for Disease Control group designated weak oxidizer group 1. CFA analysis, when supplemented by phenotypic characterization, is useful for the identification of L. mirabilis isolates. JF - Journal of Clinical Microbiology AU - Daneshvar, MI AU - Douglas, M P AU - Weyant, R S AD - Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, 1600 Clifton Rd., N.E., Mailstop D11, Atlanta, GA 30333., mdaneshvar@cdc.gov Y1 - 2001/11// PY - 2001 DA - Nov 2001 SP - 4160 EP - 4162 VL - 39 IS - 11 SN - 0095-1137, 0095-1137 KW - cellular fatty acid composition KW - weak oxidizer group 1 KW - Microbiology Abstracts B: Bacteriology KW - Lautropia mirabilis KW - Fatty acid composition KW - Acidovorax delafieldii KW - Taxonomy KW - Comamonas terrigena KW - Diagnostic agents KW - J 02731:Lipids UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/18117541?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologyb&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Clinical+Microbiology&rft.atitle=Cellular+Fatty+Acid+Composition+of+Lautropia+mirabilis&rft.au=Daneshvar%2C+MI%3BDouglas%2C+M+P%3BWeyant%2C+R+S&rft.aulast=Daneshvar&rft.aufirst=MI&rft.date=2001-11-01&rft.volume=39&rft.issue=11&rft.spage=4160&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+Clinical+Microbiology&rft.issn=00951137&rft_id=info:doi/10.1128%2FJCM.39.11.4160-4162.2001 LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Lautropia mirabilis; Acidovorax delafieldii; Comamonas terrigena; Diagnostic agents; Taxonomy; Fatty acid composition DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/JCM.39.11.4160-4162.2001 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Use of Quantitative PCR To Measure Density of Borrelia burgdorferi in the Midgut and Salivary Glands of Feeding Tick Vectors AN - 18115762; 5216032 AB - Quantitative real-time PCR was used to assay spirochetes in feeding ticks. Spirochetes in tick midguts increased sixfold, from 998 per tick before attachment to 5,884 at 48 h of attachment. Spirochetes in tick salivary glands increased >17-fold, from 1.2 per salivary gland pair before feeding to 20.8 at 72 h postattachment. The period of the most rapid increase in the number of spirochetes in the salivary glands occurred from 48 to 60 h postattachment; this time period coincides with the maximal increase in transmission risk during nymphal tick feeding. JF - Journal of Clinical Microbiology AU - Piesman, J AU - Schneider, B S AU - Zeidner, N S AD - CDC/DVBID, P.O. Box 2087, Fort Collins, CO 80522., JPiesman@cdc.gov Y1 - 2001/11// PY - 2001 DA - Nov 2001 SP - 4145 EP - 4148 VL - 39 IS - 11 SN - 0095-1137, 0095-1137 KW - mites KW - chiggers KW - ticks KW - Acari KW - Entomology Abstracts; Microbiology Abstracts B: Bacteriology; Microbiology Abstracts A: Industrial & Applied Microbiology KW - Borrelia burgdorferi KW - Vectors KW - Blood meals KW - Salivary gland KW - Disease transmission KW - Polymerase chain reaction KW - Midgut KW - J 02870:Invertebrate bacteriology KW - A 01116:Bacteria KW - Z 05206:Medical & veterinary entomology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/18115762?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologyb&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Clinical+Microbiology&rft.atitle=Use+of+Quantitative+PCR+To+Measure+Density+of+Borrelia+burgdorferi+in+the+Midgut+and+Salivary+Glands+of+Feeding+Tick+Vectors&rft.au=Piesman%2C+J%3BSchneider%2C+B+S%3BZeidner%2C+N+S&rft.aulast=Piesman&rft.aufirst=J&rft.date=2001-11-01&rft.volume=39&rft.issue=11&rft.spage=4145&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+Clinical+Microbiology&rft.issn=00951137&rft_id=info:doi/10.1128%2FJCM.39.11.4145-4148.2001 LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Acari; Borrelia burgdorferi; Salivary gland; Blood meals; Midgut; Vectors; Disease transmission; Polymerase chain reaction DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/JCM.39.11.4145-4148.2001 ER - TY - CPAPER T1 - Detection of hepatitis A virus in a complex food: Strawberry frosting mix AN - 39423455; 3626504 AU - Cromeans, T L AU - Sobsey, MD AU - Margolis, H S Y1 - 2001/10/29/ PY - 2001 DA - 2001 Oct 29 KW - CPI, Conference Papers Index KW - U 2000:Biology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/39423455?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Acpi&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=conference&rft.jtitle=&rft.atitle=Detection+of+hepatitis+A+virus+in+a+complex+food%3A+Strawberry+frosting+mix&rft.au=Cromeans%2C+T+L%3BSobsey%2C+MD%3BMargolis%2C+H+S&rft.aulast=Cromeans&rft.aufirst=T&rft.date=2001-10-29&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - SuppNotes - Availability: International Association for Food Protection, 6200 Aurora Avenue, Suite 200W, Des Moines, Iowa 50322-2863, USA; phone: 800-369-6337; fax: 515-276-8655; URL: www.foodprotection.org. Paper No. T35 N1 - Last updated - 2010-05-03 ER - TY - CPAPER T1 - From epiinfo to FoodNet: Improving surveillance and outbreak response AN - 39401505; 3626552 AU - Liang Y1 - 2001/10/29/ PY - 2001 DA - 2001 Oct 29 KW - CPI, Conference Papers Index KW - U 2000:Biology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/39401505?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Acpi&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=conference&rft.jtitle=&rft.atitle=From+epiinfo+to+FoodNet%3A+Improving+surveillance+and+outbreak+response&rft.au=Liang&rft.aulast=Liang&rft.aufirst=&rft.date=2001-10-29&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - SuppNotes - Availability: International Association for Food Protection, 6200 Aurora Avenue, Suite 200W, Des Moines, Iowa 50322-2863, USA; phone: 800-369-6337; fax: 515-276-8655; URL: www.foodprotection.org N1 - Last updated - 2010-05-03 ER - TY - CPAPER T1 - CDC: Using epidemiology to evaluate HACCP AN - 39401498; 3626603 AU - Tauxe, R V Y1 - 2001/10/29/ PY - 2001 DA - 2001 Oct 29 KW - CPI, Conference Papers Index KW - U 2000:Biology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/39401498?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Acpi&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:dissertation&rft.genre=conference&rft.jtitle=&rft.atitle=&rft.au=Tauxe%2C+R+V&rft.aulast=Tauxe&rft.aufirst=R&rft.date=2001-10-29&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=CDC%3A+Using+epidemiology+to+evaluate+HACCP&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - SuppNotes - Availability: International Association for Food Protection, 6200 Aurora Avenue, Suite 200W, Des Moines, Iowa 50322-2863, USA; phone: 800-369-6337; fax: 515-276-8655; URL: www.foodprotection.org N1 - Last updated - 2010-05-03 ER - TY - CPAPER T1 - Potential impact of irradiation on reducing foodborne illness in the United States AN - 39397023; 3626582 AU - Tauxe, R Y1 - 2001/10/29/ PY - 2001 DA - 2001 Oct 29 KW - CPI, Conference Papers Index KW - U 2000:Biology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/39397023?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Acpi&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=conference&rft.jtitle=&rft.atitle=Potential+impact+of+irradiation+on+reducing+foodborne+illness+in+the+United+States&rft.au=Tauxe%2C+R&rft.aulast=Tauxe&rft.aufirst=R&rft.date=2001-10-29&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - SuppNotes - Availability: International Association for Food Protection, 6200 Aurora Avenue, Suite 200W, Des Moines, Iowa 50322-2863, USA; phone: 800-369-6337; fax: 515-276-8655; URL: www.foodprotection.org N1 - Last updated - 2010-05-03 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Update: Investigation of bioterrorism-related anthrax and interim guidelines for exposure management and antimicrobial therapy, October 2001. AN - 72264013; 11699843 AB - Since October 3, 2001, CDC and state and local public health authorities have been investigating cases of bioterrorism-related anthrax. This report updates previous findings, provides new information on case investigations in two additional areas, presents the susceptibility patterns of Bacillus anthracis isolates, and provides interim recommendations for managing potential threats and exposures and for treating anthrax. JF - MMWR. Morbidity and mortality weekly report AU - Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) AD - Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) Y1 - 2001/10/26/ PY - 2001 DA - 2001 Oct 26 SP - 909 EP - 919 VL - 50 IS - 42 SN - 0149-2195, 0149-2195 KW - Anti-Bacterial Agents KW - 0 KW - Ciprofloxacin KW - 5E8K9I0O4U KW - Doxycycline KW - N12000U13O KW - Index Medicus KW - Anti-Bacterial Agents -- therapeutic use KW - Government Agencies KW - Humans KW - Ciprofloxacin -- therapeutic use KW - Child KW - New York -- epidemiology KW - Florida -- epidemiology KW - Occupational Exposure -- prevention & control KW - New Jersey -- epidemiology KW - Virginia -- epidemiology KW - Adult KW - District of Columbia -- epidemiology KW - Middle Aged KW - Maryland -- epidemiology KW - Antibiotic Prophylaxis KW - Postal Service KW - United States -- epidemiology KW - Microbial Sensitivity Tests KW - Female KW - Male KW - Doxycycline -- therapeutic use KW - Skin Diseases, Bacterial -- prevention & control KW - Bacillus anthracis -- drug effects KW - Bacillus anthracis -- isolation & purification KW - Skin Diseases, Bacterial -- drug therapy KW - Public Health Practice KW - Respiratory Tract Infections -- epidemiology KW - Anthrax -- prevention & control KW - Bioterrorism KW - Respiratory Tract Infections -- drug therapy KW - Anthrax -- epidemiology KW - Bacillus anthracis -- genetics KW - Skin Diseases, Bacterial -- epidemiology KW - Anthrax -- drug therapy KW - Spores, Bacterial -- isolation & purification KW - Respiratory Tract Infections -- prevention & control UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/72264013?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=MMWR.+Morbidity+and+mortality+weekly+report&rft.atitle=Update%3A+Investigation+of+bioterrorism-related+anthrax+and+interim+guidelines+for+exposure+management+and+antimicrobial+therapy%2C+October+2001.&rft.au=Centers+for+Disease+Control+and+Prevention+%28CDC%29&rft.aulast=Centers+for+Disease+Control+and+Prevention+%28CDC%29&rft.aufirst=&rft.date=2001-10-26&rft.volume=50&rft.issue=42&rft.spage=909&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=MMWR.+Morbidity+and+mortality+weekly+report&rft.issn=01492195&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 2001-12-04 N1 - Date created - 2001-11-08 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - SuppNotes - Erratum In: MMWR Morb Mortal Wkly Rep 2001 Nov 2;50(43):962 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Acute inflammation and recovery in rats after intratracheal instillation of a 1-->3-beta-glucan (zymosan A). AN - 72245801; 11693490 AB - Although endotoxin is a known potent stimulant of inflammatory responses, the magnitude of pulmonary response following exposure to various organic dusts does not always correlate with endotoxin content of the dusts alone. Other components, such as 1-->3-beta-glucans, derived from the inner cell wall of yeasts and fungi, have been implicated in organic dust toxic syndrome. However, animal studies report conflicting results concerning the inflammatory potency of 1-->3-beta-glucan. In this experiment, the pulmonary reaction of rats to 1-->3-beta-glucan (zymosan A) exposure was assessed. Male Sprague-Dawley rats were exposed via intratracheal instillation (IT) to zymosan A (dose range 0-5 mg/kg body weight). Rats were sacrificed 1-7 d postexposure and the following pulmonary responses were monitored: (1) breathing frequency, (2) differential cell counts of hronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) cells, (3) chemiluminescence (CL) as a measure of alveolar macrophage activation, (4) nitric oxide production by alveolar macrophages, (5) albumin levels, and (6) lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) activity in the first acellular lavage fluid. Upon challenge with zymosan A, rats exhibited a dose-dependent pulmonary response at 1 d post IT that was significantly higher than the control level at a dose of 1-2.5 mg/kg body weight for each of these pulmonary parameters. Post-IT enhancement of breathing frequencies and polymorphonuclear leukocytes (PMN) obtained by BAL both correlated very well with zymosan A concentration (r = .95 and .99, respectively). Elevation of albumin levels and LDH activity of the acellular BAL fluid also correlated (r = .80) with the dose of zymosan. The recovery from a single intratracheal administration of zymosan A (2.5 mg/kg body weight) was monitored over 7 d. PMN and CL showed significant recovery from d 1 level by 3 d postexposure. Breathing frequencies and nitric oxide production showed significant recovery from d 1 level by 4 d postexposure. A good correlation (r2= .8) between recovery of PMN in BAL, CL, or nitric oxide production and the days postexposure was observed. JF - Journal of toxicology and environmental health. Part A AU - Young, S H AU - Robinson, V A AU - Barger, M AU - Porter, D W AU - Frazer, D G AU - Castranova, V AD - Health Effects Laboratory Division, National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, Morgantown, West Virginia 26505, USA. syoung@cdc.gov Y1 - 2001/10/26/ PY - 2001 DA - 2001 Oct 26 SP - 311 EP - 325 VL - 64 IS - 4 SN - 1528-7394, 1528-7394 KW - Dust KW - 0 KW - Serum Albumin KW - Nitric Oxide KW - 31C4KY9ESH KW - Zymosan KW - 9010-72-4 KW - Index Medicus KW - Rats KW - Nitric Oxide -- analysis KW - Animals KW - Rats, Sprague-Dawley KW - Serum Albumin -- analysis KW - Luminescent Measurements KW - Dose-Response Relationship, Drug KW - Lung -- drug effects KW - Bronchoalveolar Lavage KW - Lung -- pathology KW - Trachea -- drug effects KW - Male KW - Zymosan -- pharmacology KW - Respiration -- drug effects KW - Macrophages, Alveolar -- drug effects KW - Zymosan -- adverse effects KW - Inflammation UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/72245801?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+toxicology+and+environmental+health.+Part+A&rft.atitle=Acute+inflammation+and+recovery+in+rats+after+intratracheal+instillation+of+a+1--%26gt%3B3-beta-glucan+%28zymosan+A%29.&rft.au=Young%2C+S+H%3BRobinson%2C+V+A%3BBarger%2C+M%3BPorter%2C+D+W%3BFrazer%2C+D+G%3BCastranova%2C+V&rft.aulast=Young&rft.aufirst=S&rft.date=2001-10-26&rft.volume=64&rft.issue=4&rft.spage=311&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+toxicology+and+environmental+health.+Part+A&rft.issn=15287394&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 2001-12-04 N1 - Date created - 2001-11-05 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Recognition of illness associated with the intentional release of a biologic agent. AN - 72237716; 11686473 AB - On September 11, 2001, following the terrorist incidents in New York City and Washington, D.C., CDC recommended heightened surveillance for any unusual disease occurrence or increased numbers of illnesses that might be associated with the terrorist attacks. Subsequently, cases of anthrax in Florida and New York City have demonstrated the risks associated with intentional release of biologic agents. This report provides guidance for health-care providers and public health personnel about recognizing illnesses or patterns of illnessthat might be associated with intentional release of biologic agents. JF - MMWR. Morbidity and mortality weekly report AU - Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) AD - Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) Y1 - 2001/10/19/ PY - 2001 DA - 2001 Oct 19 SP - 893 EP - 897 VL - 50 IS - 41 SN - 0149-2195, 0149-2195 KW - Index Medicus KW - United States KW - Clinical Laboratory Techniques KW - Humans KW - Specimen Handling KW - Public Health Administration KW - Infection Control KW - Hemorrhagic Fevers, Viral -- diagnosis KW - Botulism -- diagnosis KW - Anthrax -- diagnosis KW - Public Health Practice KW - Smallpox -- diagnosis KW - Bioterrorism KW - Tularemia -- diagnosis KW - Plague -- diagnosis UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/72237716?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=MMWR.+Morbidity+and+mortality+weekly+report&rft.atitle=Recognition+of+illness+associated+with+the+intentional+release+of+a+biologic+agent.&rft.au=Centers+for+Disease+Control+and+Prevention+%28CDC%29&rft.aulast=Centers+for+Disease+Control+and+Prevention+%28CDC%29&rft.aufirst=&rft.date=2001-10-19&rft.volume=50&rft.issue=41&rft.spage=893&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=MMWR.+Morbidity+and+mortality+weekly+report&rft.issn=01492195&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 2001-12-04 N1 - Date created - 2001-10-31 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Quinupristin-dalfopristin-resistant Enterococcus faecium on chicken and in human stool specimens AN - 18216902; 5242332 AB - The combination of the streptogramins quinupristin and dalfopristin was approved in the United States in late 1999 for the treatment of vancomycin-resistant Enterococcus faecium infections. Since 1974, another streptogramin, virginiamycin, has been used at subtherapeutic concentrations to promote the growth of farm animals, including chickens. To determine the frequency of quinupristin-dalfopristin-resistant E. faecium, we used selective medium to culture samples from chickens purchased in supermarkets in Georgia, Maryland, Minnesota, and Oregon and stool samples from outpatients. Between July 1998 and June 1999, samples from 407 chickens from 26 stores in four states were cultured, as were 334 stool samples from outpatients. Quinupristin-dalfopristin-resistant E. faecium was isolated from 237 chicken carcasses and 3 stool specimens. The resistant isolates from stool had low-level resistance (minimal inhibitory concentration [MIC], 4 mu g per milliliter; resistance was defined as a MIC of at least 4 mu g per milliliter). The resistant isolates from chickens in general had higher levels of resistance (MICs ranging from 4 to 32 mu g per milliliter; MIC required to inhibit 50 percent of isolates, 8 mu g per milliliter). Quinupristin-dalfopristin-resistant E. faecium contaminates a large proportion of chickens sold in U.S. supermarkets. However, the low prevalence and low level of resistance of these strains in human stool specimens suggest that the use of virginiamycin in animals has not yet had a substantial influence. Foodborne dissemination of resistance may increase, however, as the clinical use of quinupristin-dalfopristin increases. JF - New England Journal of Medicine AU - McDonald, L C AU - Rossiter, S AU - Mackinson, C AU - Wang, Yong Yu AU - Johnson, S AU - Sullivan, M AU - Sokolow, R AU - DeBess, E AU - Gilbert, L AU - Benson, JA AU - Hill, B AU - Angulo, F J AD - Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, 1600 Clifton Rd., MS A38, Atlanta, GA 30333, USA, fangulo@cdc.gov Y1 - 2001/10/18/ PY - 2001 DA - 2001 Oct 18 SP - 1155 EP - 1160 VL - 345 IS - 16 SN - 0028-4793, 0028-4793 KW - man KW - Microbiology Abstracts A: Industrial & Applied Microbiology KW - Dalfopristin KW - Poultry KW - USA KW - quinupristin KW - Feces KW - Antibiotic resistance KW - Enterococcus faecium KW - A 01064:Microbial resistance UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/18216902?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologya&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=New+England+Journal+of+Medicine&rft.atitle=Quinupristin-dalfopristin-resistant+Enterococcus+faecium+on+chicken+and+in+human+stool+specimens&rft.au=McDonald%2C+L+C%3BRossiter%2C+S%3BMackinson%2C+C%3BWang%2C+Yong+Yu%3BJohnson%2C+S%3BSullivan%2C+M%3BSokolow%2C+R%3BDeBess%2C+E%3BGilbert%2C+L%3BBenson%2C+JA%3BHill%2C+B%3BAngulo%2C+F+J&rft.aulast=McDonald&rft.aufirst=L&rft.date=2001-10-18&rft.volume=345&rft.issue=16&rft.spage=1155&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=New+England+Journal+of+Medicine&rft.issn=00284793&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Enterococcus faecium; USA; Antibiotic resistance; quinupristin; Poultry; Dalfopristin; Feces ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Potential risk for lead exposure in dental offices. AN - 72212578; 11666114 AB - In December 2000, the Washington State Health Department discovered white powder that was found to be lead oxide in boxes used to store dental intraoral radiograph film. The Washington State Health Department alerted state health departments throughout the United States. Subsequently, the Wisconsin Division of Public Health (WDPH) conducted an investigation of dental offices in the state. This report summarizes the investigation, which indicated that similar storage boxes are used in Wisconsin. The findings indicate that patients are at risk for exposure to a substantial amount of lead during a dental radiograph procedure if the office stores dental film in these boxes. JF - MMWR. Morbidity and mortality weekly report AU - Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) AD - Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) Y1 - 2001/10/12/ PY - 2001 DA - 2001 Oct 12 SP - 873 EP - 874 VL - 50 IS - 40 SN - 0149-2195, 0149-2195 KW - Lead KW - 2P299V784P KW - Index Medicus KW - United States KW - Risk Factors KW - Humans KW - Dental Offices KW - Equipment Contamination KW - Radiography, Dental KW - Environmental Exposure UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/72212578?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=MMWR.+Morbidity+and+mortality+weekly+report&rft.atitle=Potential+risk+for+lead+exposure+in+dental+offices.&rft.au=Centers+for+Disease+Control+and+Prevention+%28CDC%29&rft.aulast=Centers+for+Disease+Control+and+Prevention+%28CDC%29&rft.aufirst=&rft.date=2001-10-12&rft.volume=50&rft.issue=40&rft.spage=873&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=MMWR.+Morbidity+and+mortality+weekly+report&rft.issn=01492195&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 2001-10-25 N1 - Date created - 2001-10-22 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Pesticide-related illnesses associated with the use of a plant growth regulator--Italy, 2001. AN - 72218833; 11665844 AB - During January-February 2001, eight cases of acute illness in the county of Ragusa, Italy, were reported to the Italian National Institute for Health (INIH) by the Milan Poison Control Center (MPCC) and were attributed to exposure to Dormex, a plant growth regulator with hydrogen cyanamide as the active ingredient. These cases were identified during a pilot project for acute pesticide-related illness surveillance. Subsequent active case finding at health-care clinics by the Ragusa Occupational Health Unit identified six additional cases. MPCC identified nine cases in other areas of Italy. Of the 23 cases of acute illness, 22 resulted from occupational exposure during mixing and/or applying of Dormex, and one was from unintentional ingestion. This report summarizes the investigation of these cases, which implicates a pesticide as the causative agent and demonstrates the usefulness of surveillance for detecting pesticide-related illnesses. JF - MMWR. Morbidity and mortality weekly report AU - Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) AD - Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) Y1 - 2001/10/05/ PY - 2001 DA - 2001 Oct 05 SP - 845 EP - 847 VL - 50 IS - 39 SN - 0149-2195, 0149-2195 KW - Pesticides KW - 0 KW - Plant Growth Regulators KW - Cyanamide KW - 420-04-2 KW - Index Medicus KW - Humans KW - Adult KW - Aged KW - Middle Aged KW - Italy -- epidemiology KW - Adolescent KW - Male KW - Agriculture KW - Cyanamide -- poisoning KW - Pesticides -- poisoning KW - Occupational Exposure -- adverse effects UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/72218833?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=MMWR.+Morbidity+and+mortality+weekly+report&rft.atitle=Pesticide-related+illnesses+associated+with+the+use+of+a+plant+growth+regulator--Italy%2C+2001.&rft.au=Centers+for+Disease+Control+and+Prevention+%28CDC%29&rft.aulast=Centers+for+Disease+Control+and+Prevention+%28CDC%29&rft.aufirst=&rft.date=2001-10-05&rft.volume=50&rft.issue=39&rft.spage=845&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=MMWR.+Morbidity+and+mortality+weekly+report&rft.issn=01492195&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 2001-10-25 N1 - Date created - 2001-10-22 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Tobacco addiction and pharmacological interventions. AN - 72427500; 11825298 AB - Even though its health consequences are well known, tobacco use continues to kill millions of smokers worldwide every year. In the US alone, tobacco use kills > 430,000 people each year. The global mortality toll is approximately 5 million annually and this is increasing. It is the powerful grip of tobacco addiction that sustains high levels of daily smoke intake and persistent smoking, with > 90% of all cigarette smokers who quit, resuming smoking within 1 year. Tobacco addiction, which places tremendous health and economic burdens on individual societies, is also becoming a global epidemic. Although tobacco addiction is a complex phenomenon, it is treatable and several effective medications are now available. In the mid-1980s, the US FDA approved nicotine gum, the first of these effective pharmacological aids. Other effective medications have subsequently become available, including nicotine transdermal patches, nasal spray, oral vapour inhaler, sublingual nicotine tablets and bupropion. These medications and the potential for development of new medications will be reviewed. JF - Expert opinion on pharmacotherapy AU - Garrett, B E AU - Rose, C A AU - Henningfield, J E AD - Office on Smoking and Health, National Center for Chronic Disease Prevention and Health Promotion, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, 4770 Buford Highway, Mailstop K-50, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. beg8@cdc.gov Y1 - 2001/10// PY - 2001 DA - October 2001 SP - 1545 EP - 1555 VL - 2 IS - 10 SN - 1465-6566, 1465-6566 KW - Antidepressive Agents, Second-Generation KW - 0 KW - Nicotinic Agonists KW - Bupropion KW - 01ZG3TPX31 KW - Nicotine KW - 6M3C89ZY6R KW - Index Medicus KW - Drug Therapy, Combination KW - Nicotine -- therapeutic use KW - Nicotinic Agonists -- therapeutic use KW - Bupropion -- therapeutic use KW - Antidepressive Agents, Second-Generation -- therapeutic use KW - Humans KW - Nicotine -- administration & dosage KW - Nicotinic Agonists -- administration & dosage KW - Tobacco Use Disorder -- drug therapy KW - Tobacco Use Cessation UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/72427500?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Expert+opinion+on+pharmacotherapy&rft.atitle=Tobacco+addiction+and+pharmacological+interventions.&rft.au=Garrett%2C+B+E%3BRose%2C+C+A%3BHenningfield%2C+J+E&rft.aulast=Garrett&rft.aufirst=B&rft.date=2001-10-01&rft.volume=2&rft.issue=10&rft.spage=1545&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Expert+opinion+on+pharmacotherapy&rft.issn=14656566&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 2002-09-26 N1 - Date created - 2002-02-04 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Commentary: paramyxoviruses, pigs and abattoirs. AN - 72251265; 11689514 JF - International journal of epidemiology AU - Bellini, W J AD - Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Division of Viral and Rickettsial Diseases, Measles Virus Section, Atlanta, GA, USA. wjb@cdc.gov Y1 - 2001/10// PY - 2001 DA - October 2001 SP - 1020 EP - 1021 VL - 30 IS - 5 SN - 0300-5771, 0300-5771 KW - Index Medicus KW - Swine KW - Animals KW - Malaysia -- epidemiology KW - Humans KW - Paramyxovirinae KW - Abattoirs KW - Occupational Diseases -- epidemiology KW - Paramyxoviridae Infections -- epidemiology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/72251265?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=International+journal+of+epidemiology&rft.atitle=Commentary%3A+paramyxoviruses%2C+pigs+and+abattoirs.&rft.au=Bellini%2C+W+J&rft.aulast=Bellini&rft.aufirst=W&rft.date=2001-10-01&rft.volume=30&rft.issue=5&rft.spage=1020&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=International+journal+of+epidemiology&rft.issn=03005771&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 2001-12-13 N1 - Date created - 2001-11-05 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - SuppNotes - Comment On: Int J Epidemiol. 2001 Oct;30(5):1017-20 [11689513] N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Environmental public health surveillance: possible estuary-associated syndrome. AN - 72227892; 11677192 AB - Public health surveillance involves the collection, analysis, and dissemination of data for use in public health practice. A surveillance system includes the capacity to collect and analyze data as well as the ability to disseminate the data to public health agencies that can undertake effective prevention and control activities. An emerging issue in environmental public health surveillance involves human exposure to the toxins produced by microorganisms present in oceans and estuaries. One of these organisms is Pfiesteria piscicida Steidinger & Burkholder, a dinoflagellate found in estuaries along the Atlantic and gulf coasts of the United States. There have been reports of both human illness associated with occupational exposures to concentrated laboratory cultures of P. piscicida and massive fill kills associated with the presence of the organism in rivers and estuaries. These reports, and anecdotal reports from people who worked on rivers where the organism has been found, generated concern that environmental exposures to P. piscicida, similar organisms, or perhaps a toxin or toxins produced by the organism(s), could cause adverse human health effects. To begin to evaluate the public health burden associated with P. piscicida, investigators from the National Center for Environmental Health at Centers for Disease Control and Prevention and health agencies from states along the Atlantic coast collaborated to develop a passive surveillance system for collecting, classifying, and tracking public inquiries about the organism. Specifically, the group developed exposure and symptom criteria and developed data collection and reporting capabilities to capture the human health parameters collectively referred to as possible estuary-associated syndrome (PEAS). The surveillance system was implemented in six states (Delaware, Florida, Maryland, North Carolina, South Carolina, Virginia) beginning in June 1998. From 1 June 1998 through 30 June 2001, the six state health agencies participating in the PEAS surveillance system received 3,859 calls: 3,768 callers requested information and 91 callers reported symptoms. Five individuals have been identified as meeting PEAS criteria. JF - Environmental health perspectives AU - Backer, L C AU - Niskar, A S AU - Rubin, C AU - Blindauer, K AU - Christianson, D AU - Naeher, L AU - Rogers, H S AD - Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, National Center for Environmental Health, Atlanta, Georgia 30333, USA. lfb9@cdc.gov Y1 - 2001/10// PY - 2001 DA - October 2001 SP - 797 EP - 801 VL - 109 Suppl 5 SN - 0091-6765, 0091-6765 KW - Index Medicus KW - Ecosystem KW - Animals KW - Diagnosis, Differential KW - Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (U.S.) KW - Syndrome KW - Humans KW - Water Supply KW - Data Collection KW - United States -- epidemiology KW - Public Health KW - Fish Diseases -- mortality KW - Environmental Health KW - Fish Diseases -- microbiology KW - Protozoan Infections -- pathology KW - Environmental Exposure KW - Protozoan Infections -- epidemiology KW - Disease Outbreaks KW - Pfiesteria piscicida -- pathogenicity KW - Protozoan Infections -- diagnosis KW - Population Surveillance UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/72227892?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Environmental+health+perspectives&rft.atitle=Environmental+public+health+surveillance%3A+possible+estuary-associated+syndrome.&rft.au=Backer%2C+L+C%3BNiskar%2C+A+S%3BRubin%2C+C%3BBlindauer%2C+K%3BChristianson%2C+D%3BNaeher%2C+L%3BRogers%2C+H+S&rft.aulast=Backer&rft.aufirst=L&rft.date=2001-10-01&rft.volume=109+Suppl+5&rft.issue=&rft.spage=797&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Environmental+health+perspectives&rft.issn=00916765&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 2003-07-08 N1 - Date created - 2001-10-25 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - SuppNotes - Cited By: Md Med J. 1998 May;47(3):106-12 [9601194] Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 2000 Apr 11;97(8):4303-8 [10760297] Mar Environ Res. 2000 Jul-Dec;50(1-5):473-7 [11460735] Epidemiol Rev. 1988;10:164-90 [3066626] Lancet. 1998 Aug 15;352(9127):532-9 [9716058] J Toxicol Environ Health. 1995 Dec;46(4):501-22 [8523474] Am J Public Health. 1996 May;86(5):633-8 [8629712] Environ Health Perspect. 1999 Sep;107(9):711-4 [10464070] Nature. 1992 Jul 30;358(6385):407-10 [1641022] N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - CONF T1 - Emerging areas of research reported during the CDC National Conference on Pfiesteria: from biology to public health. AN - 72227867; 11677172 AB - Since its identification in 1996, the marine dinoflagellate Pfiesteria piscicida Steidinger & Burkholder has been the focus of intense scientific inquiry in disciplines ranging from estuarine ecology to epidemiology and from molecular biology to public health. Despite these research efforts, the extent of human exposure and the degree of human illness directly associated with Pfiesteria is still in the process of being defined. Unfortunately, during this same time Pfiesteria has also stimulated media coverage that in some instances jumped ahead of the science to conclude that Pfiesteria presents a widespread threat to human health. Political and economic forces also came into play when the tourism and seafood industries were adversely impacted by rumors of toxin-laden water in estuaries along the east coast of the United States. Amid this climate of evolving science and public concern, Pfiesteria has emerged as a highly controversial public health issue. In October 2000 Centers for Disease Control and Prevention sponsored the National Conference on Pfiesteria: From Biology to Public Health to bring together Pfiesteria researchers from many disparate disciplines. The goal of this meeting was to describe the state of the science and identify directions for future research. In preparation for the conference an expert peer-review panel was commissioned to review the existing literature and identify research gaps; the summary of their review is published in this monograph. During the meeting primary Pfiesteria researchers presented previously unpublished results. The majority of those presentations are included as peer-reviewed articles in this monograph. The discussion portion of the conference focused upon researcher-identified research gaps. This article details the discussion segments of the conference and makes reference to the presentations as it describes emerging areas of Pfiesteria research. JF - Environmental health perspectives AU - Rubin, C AU - McGeehin, M A AU - Holmes, A K AU - Backer, L AU - Burreson, G AU - Earley, M C AU - Griffith, D AU - Levine, R AU - Litaker, W AU - Mei, J AU - Naeher, L AU - Needham, L AU - Noga, E AU - Poli, M AU - Rogers, H S Y1 - 2001/10// PY - 2001 DA - October 2001 SP - 633 EP - 637 VL - 109 Suppl 5 KW - Index Medicus KW - United States KW - Environment KW - Animals KW - Politics KW - Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (U.S.) KW - Humans KW - Food Industry KW - Seafood KW - Public Opinion KW - Mass Media KW - Protozoan Infections -- transmission KW - Occupational Exposure KW - Public Health KW - Protozoan Infections -- pathology KW - Protozoan Infections -- economics KW - Pfiesteria piscicida -- pathogenicity UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/72227867?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=conference&rft.jtitle=Environmental+health+perspectives&rft.atitle=Emerging+areas+of+research+reported+during+the+CDC+National+Conference+on+Pfiesteria%3A+from+biology+to+public+health.&rft.au=Rubin%2C+C%3BMcGeehin%2C+M+A%3BHolmes%2C+A+K%3BBacker%2C+L%3BBurreson%2C+G%3BEarley%2C+M+C%3BGriffith%2C+D%3BLevine%2C+R%3BLitaker%2C+W%3BMei%2C+J%3BNaeher%2C+L%3BNeedham%2C+L%3BNoga%2C+E%3BPoli%2C+M%3BRogers%2C+H+S&rft.aulast=Rubin&rft.aufirst=C&rft.date=2001-10-01&rft.volume=109+Suppl+5&rft.issue=&rft.spage=633&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Environmental+health+perspectives&rft.issn=00916765&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 2003-07-08 N1 - Date created - 2001-10-25 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - SuppNotes - Cited By: Environ Health Perspect. 2001 Oct;109 Suppl 5:639-59 [11687383] Nature. 1992 Jul 30;358(6385):407-10 [1641022] J Toxicol Environ Health. 1995 Dec;46(4):501-22 [8523474] J Eukaryot Microbiol. 1997 May-Jun;44(3):200-5 [9183706] Md Med J. 1997 Nov-Dec;46(10):521-3 [9392940] Md Med J. 1998 May;47(3):127-9 [9601198] Md Med J. 1998 May;47(3):130-2 [9601199] Lancet. 1998 Aug 15;352(9127):532-9 [9716058] Environ Health Perspect. 2001 Oct;109 Suppl 5:775-9 [11677188] Toxicol Pathol. 2000 Nov-Dec;28(6):807-23 [11127295] J Toxicol Environ Health A. 2001 Apr 20;62(8):575-94 [11339332] Environ Health Perspect. 2001 Oct;109 Suppl 5:787-90 [11677190] Environ Health Perspect. 2001 Oct;109 Suppl 5:667-79 [11677174] Environ Health Perspect. 2001 Oct;109 Suppl 5:681-6 [11677175] Environ Health Perspect. 2001 Oct;109 Suppl 5:687-93 [11677176] Environ Health Perspect. 2001 Oct;109 Suppl 5:695-8 [11677177] Environ Health Perspect. 2001 Oct;109 Suppl 5:699-706 [11677178] Environ Health Perspect. 2001 Oct;109 Suppl 5:707-10 [11677179] Environ Health Perspect. 2001 Oct;109 Suppl 5:711-4 [11677180] Environ Health Perspect. 2001 Oct;109 Suppl 5:715-30 [11677181] Environ Health Perspect. 2001 Oct;109 Suppl 5:731-7 [11677182] Environ Health Perspect. 2001 Oct;109 Suppl 5:739-43 [11677183] Environ Health Perspect. 2001 Oct;109 Suppl 5:745-56 [11677184] Environ Health Perspect. 2001 Oct;109 Suppl 5:757-63 [11677185] Environ Health Perspect. 2001 Oct;109 Suppl 5:765-7 [11677186] Environ Health Perspect. 2001 Oct;109 Suppl 5:769-74 [11677187] Environ Health Perspect. 2001 Oct;109 Suppl 5:781-6 [11677189] Environ Health Perspect. 2001 Oct;109 Suppl 5:797-801 [11677192] Environ Health Perspect. 2001 Oct;109 Suppl 5:791-6 [11677191] Environ Health Perspect. 2001 Oct;109 Suppl 5:661-5 [11677173] N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Fish bioassay and toxin induction experiments for research on Pfiesteria piscicida and other toxic dinoflagellates: workshop summary. AN - 72227414; 11677187 AB - In late January 2000, the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention sponsored a workshop to discuss standardizing the laboratory materials and methods used for in vivo fish bioassays and toxin induction experiments. Representatives from six laboratories using these assays to conduct research on Pfiesteria piscicida Steidinger & Burkholder, similar organisms (i.e., members of the toxic Pfiesteria complex) or their toxins were invited to attend. The workshop objectives were a) to discuss the need for uniform quality assurance for fish bioassays and toxin induction, b) to encourage publishing the relevant materials and methods in the literature, c) to foster communication among the laboratories conducting this work, and d) to respond to requests from state health and environmental protection agencies for guidance in interpreting the results from fish bioassays conducted in different laboratories. To facilitate discussion at the workshop, researchers conducting Pfiesteria research completed a detailed questionnaire in advance about fish bioassays and toxin production assays. Workshop participants discussed experimental factors that might influence the reproducibility or interpretation of fish bioassays and toxin-induction experiments. The experimental factors were categorized into physical, chemical, and biological parameters. In addition, participants ranked experimental factors by their relative importance in conducting these assays as a) factors that are critically important and should be maintained within a recommended range, b) factors that are important in conducting the assays but that may be variable among laboratories or within experiments and whose values should be recorded and reported by investigators, and c) factors of unknown importance that should be considered important research questions. This article summarizes results obtained from the questionnaire and workshop discussions. JF - Environmental health perspectives AU - Rogers, H S AU - Backer, L AD - Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, National Center for Environmental Health, Division of Environmental Hazards and Health Effects, Health Studies Branch, Atlanta, Georgia, USA. hhs0@cdc.gov Y1 - 2001/10// PY - 2001 DA - October 2001 SP - 769 EP - 774 VL - 109 Suppl 5 SN - 0091-6765, 0091-6765 KW - Toxins, Biological KW - 0 KW - Index Medicus KW - Biological Assay -- methods KW - Animals KW - Reference Values KW - Reproducibility of Results KW - Toxins, Biological -- isolation & purification KW - Toxins, Biological -- adverse effects KW - Quality Control KW - Pfiesteria piscicida -- pathogenicity UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/72227414?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Environmental+health+perspectives&rft.atitle=Fish+bioassay+and+toxin+induction+experiments+for+research+on+Pfiesteria+piscicida+and+other+toxic+dinoflagellates%3A+workshop+summary.&rft.au=Rogers%2C+H+S%3BBacker%2C+L&rft.aulast=Rogers&rft.aufirst=H&rft.date=2001-10-01&rft.volume=109+Suppl+5&rft.issue=&rft.spage=769&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Environmental+health+perspectives&rft.issn=00916765&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 2003-07-08 N1 - Date created - 2001-10-25 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - SuppNotes - Cited By: Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 2000 Apr 11;97(8):4303-8 [10760297] Md Med J. 1998 May;47(3):113-9 [9601195] Environ Health Perspect. 2001 Oct;109 Suppl 5:745-56 [11677184] Appl Environ Microbiol. 2000 Nov;66(11):4641-8 [11055905] N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Laboratory-acquired parasitic infections from accidental exposures. AN - 72173556; 11585780 AB - Parasitic diseases are receiving increasing attention in developed countries in part because of their importance in travelers, immigrants, and immunocompromised persons. The main purpose of this review is to educate laboratorians, the primary readership, and health care workers, the secondary readership, about the potential hazards of handling specimens that contain viable parasites and about the diseases that can result. This is accomplished partly through discussion of the occupationally acquired cases of parasitic infections that have been reported, focusing for each case on the type of accident that resulted in infection, the length of the incubation period, the clinical manifestations that developed, and the means by which infection was detected. The article focuses on the cases of infection with the protozoa that cause leishmaniasis, malaria, toxoplasmosis, Chagas' disease (American trypanosomiasis), and African trypanosomiasis. Data about 164 such cases are discussed, as are data about cases caused by intestinal protozoa and by helminths. Of the 105 case-patients infected with blood and tissue protozoa who either recalled an accident or for whom the likely route of transmission could be presumed, 47 (44.8%) had percutaneous exposure via a contaminated needle or other sharp object. Some accidents were directly linked to poor laboratory practices (e.g., recapping a needle or working barehanded). To decrease the likelihood of accidental exposures, persons who could be exposed to pathogenic parasites must be thoroughly instructed in safety precautions before they begin to work and through ongoing training programs. Protocols should be provided for handling specimens that could contain viable organisms, using protective clothing and equipment, dealing with spills of infectious organisms, and responding to accidents. Special care should be exercised when using needles and other sharp objects. JF - Clinical microbiology reviews AU - Herwaldt, B L AD - Division of Parasitic Diseases, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia 30341-3724, USA. bxh4@cdc.gov Y1 - 2001/10// PY - 2001 DA - October 2001 SP - 659 EP - 88, table of contents VL - 14 IS - 4 SN - 0893-8512, 0893-8512 KW - Index Medicus KW - Wounds and Injuries -- therapy KW - Wounds and Injuries -- epidemiology KW - Helminthiasis -- transmission KW - Humans KW - Helminthiasis -- therapy KW - Wounds and Injuries -- parasitology KW - Protozoan Infections -- parasitology KW - Protozoan Infections -- transmission KW - Risk KW - Helminthiasis -- parasitology KW - Accidents, Occupational -- statistics & numerical data KW - Protozoan Infections -- therapy KW - Protozoan Infections -- epidemiology KW - Helminthiasis -- epidemiology KW - Parasitic Diseases -- parasitology KW - Laboratory Infection -- parasitology KW - Laboratory Infection -- epidemiology KW - Parasitic Diseases -- epidemiology KW - Parasitic Diseases -- therapy KW - Parasitic Diseases -- transmission KW - Laboratory Infection -- transmission KW - Laboratory Infection -- therapy UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/72173556?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Clinical+microbiology+reviews&rft.atitle=Laboratory-acquired+parasitic+infections+from+accidental+exposures.&rft.au=Herwaldt%2C+B+L&rft.aulast=Herwaldt&rft.aufirst=B&rft.date=2001-10-01&rft.volume=14&rft.issue=4&rft.spage=659&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Clinical+microbiology+reviews&rft.issn=08938512&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 2002-04-04 N1 - Date created - 2001-10-04 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - SuppNotes - Cited By: Lancet. 1999 Oct 2;354(9185):1191-9 [10513726] Am J 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[9470158] Int J Parasitol. 1998 Dec;28(12):1823-8 [9925260] Infect Control Hosp Epidemiol. 1999 Jan;20(1):22-5 [9927261] Am J Trop Med Hyg. 1999 Feb;60(2):215-22 [10072139] JAMA. 1999 Mar 10;281(10):927-30 [10078490] Acta Microbiol Immunol Hung. 1999;46(1):33-40 [10331066] J Infect Dis. 1999 Oct;180(4):1275-81 [10479158] Bol Oficina Sanit Panam. 1987 May;102(5):476-82 [2956963] Trans R Soc Trop Med Hyg. 1987;81(3):437-40 [3120369] Clin Immunol Immunopathol. 1988 Jan;46(1):157-61 [3121225] Trans R Soc Trop Med Hyg. 1987;81(1):118-9 [2832980] J Infect Dis. 1988 Sep;158(3):647-8 [3045217] J Infect Dis. 1989 Jan;159(1):131-2 [2642518] J Am Vet Med Assoc. 1988 Dec 1;193(11):1413-4 [3209453] Zentralbl Bakteriol Mikrobiol Hyg A. 1989 Mar;270(4):534-41 [2652951] J Infect Dis. 1989 Sep;160(3):559 [2668434] Trans R Soc Trop Med Hyg. 1988;82(6):854-6 [3256987] Am J Public Health. 1989 Nov;79(11):1528-30 [2817166] Parasite Immunol. 1990 Jan;12(1):65-74 [2107500] Arch Dis Child. 1990 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Sep-Oct;87(5):554 [8266408] Rev Inst Med Trop Sao Paulo. 1993 Jul-Aug;35(4):385-7 [8115802] Br J Nurs. 1994 Feb 24-Mar 9;3(4):152, 154-8 [8155964] Arch Pathol Lab Med. 1994 Apr;118(4):366-70 [8166586] Folia Parasitol (Praha). 1994;41(1):17-21 [8050750] N Engl J Med. 1995 Feb 2;332(5):298-303 [7816065] Clin Microbiol Rev. 1995 Jul;8(3):389-405 [7553572] Ann Intern Med. 1996 Apr 1;124(7):643-50 [8607592] J Clin Microbiol. 1996 May;34(5):1171-5 [8727897] Clin Infect Dis. 1996 Jan;22(1):168-70 [8824990] Am J Trop Med Hyg. 1996 Sep;55(3):267-72 [8842113] Lancet. 1997 Jan 4;349(9044):23-5 [8988119] Brain Pathol. 1997 Jan;7(1):583-98 [9034567] Clin Infect Dis. 1997 Apr;24(4):684-703 [9145744] Parasitol Res. 1997;83(7):706-11 [9272562] J Parasitol. 1972 Oct;58(5):928-37 [5078599] Am J Trop Med Hyg. 1973 Mar;22(2):157-8 [4631763] Trans R Soc Trop Med Hyg. 1973;67(4):617-8 [4206527] Br Med J. 1955 Mar 5;1(4913):577-8 [13230559] Osterr Z Kinderheilkd Kinderfuersorge. 1954;10(3-4):316-21 [14356642] Z Gesamte Inn Med. 1955 Feb 1;10(3):150-2 [14374791] J Parasitol. 1956 Oct;42(5):491-5 [13367957] Am J Clin Pathol. 1957 Jul;28(1):1-17 [13458119] Public Health Rep. 1957 Oct;72(10):872-82 [13465952] Ned Tijdschr Geneeskd. 1957 Sep 7;101(36):1649-51 [13483754] N Engl J Med. 1957 Dec 26;257(26):1247-54 [13493715] Med Parazitol (Mosk). 1958 Jul-Aug;27(4):446-7 [13589468] J Clin Pathol. 1959 Jan;12(1):59-61 [13631083] Public Health Rep. 1961 Jan;76:51-6 [13695240] Am J Trop Med Hyg. 1961 Sep;10:679-88 [13748031] Dtsch Med Wochenschr. 1963 Feb 22;88:368-77 [13934766] Bol Chil Parasitol. 1963 Apr-Jun;18:32-6 [13943901] Am J Trop Med Hyg. 1983 Jul;32(4):657-9 [6349392] N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - A case-control study of maternal alcohol consumption and intrauterine growth retardation. AN - 71170005; 11557182 AB - Heavy maternal drinking during pregnancy causes fetal alcohol syndrome, but whether more moderate alcohol consumption is associated with such adverse pregnancy outcomes as intrauterine growth retardation (IUGR) remains controversial. Using data from a case-control study, we examined the association between maternal alcohol consumption and risk for IUGR among 701 case and 336 control infants born during 1993-1995 in Monroe County, New York. Our results provide no evidence of an independent association between moderate maternal alcohol consumption ( or =14 drinks per week) around the time of conception was OR = 1.4 (95% CI 0.7-2.6) for IUGR < or = 5th percentile and OR = 1.4 (95% CI 0.7-2.8) for IUGR 5th-10th percentile. For heavy drinkers during the first trimester, the OR was 1.3 (95% CI 0.4-4.5) for IUGR < or = 5th percentile and OR = 1.3 (95% CI 0.4-4.8) for IUGR 5th-10th percentile. Since IUGR is a heterogeneous outcome with a possible multifactorial origin, further studies are needed to examine the combined effects of alcohol and other environmental and genetic factors on IUGR risk for subgroups of IUGR. JF - Annals of epidemiology AU - Yang, Q AU - Witkiewicz, B B AU - Olney, R S AU - Liu, Y AU - Davis, M AU - Khoury, M J AU - Correa, A AU - Erickson, J D AD - National Center on Birth Defects and Developmental Disabilities, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, 4770 Buford Highway, MS F-45, Atlanta, GA 30341, USA Y1 - 2001/10// PY - 2001 DA - October 2001 SP - 497 EP - 503 VL - 11 IS - 7 SN - 1047-2797, 1047-2797 KW - Index Medicus KW - Risk KW - Logistic Models KW - Humans KW - Adult KW - Infant, Newborn KW - Case-Control Studies KW - Female KW - Pregnancy KW - Maternal Exposure -- adverse effects KW - Fetal Growth Retardation -- etiology KW - Fetal Growth Retardation -- epidemiology KW - Alcohol Drinking -- adverse effects KW - Alcohol Drinking -- epidemiology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/71170005?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Annals+of+epidemiology&rft.atitle=A+case-control+study+of+maternal+alcohol+consumption+and+intrauterine+growth+retardation.&rft.au=Yang%2C+Q%3BWitkiewicz%2C+B+B%3BOlney%2C+R+S%3BLiu%2C+Y%3BDavis%2C+M%3BKhoury%2C+M+J%3BCorrea%2C+A%3BErickson%2C+J+D&rft.aulast=Yang&rft.aufirst=Q&rft.date=2001-10-01&rft.volume=11&rft.issue=7&rft.spage=497&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Annals+of+epidemiology&rft.issn=10472797&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 2001-10-04 N1 - Date created - 2001-09-14 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Cholera Prevention With Traditional and Novel Water Treatment Methods: An Outbreak Investigation in Fort-Dauphin, Madagascar AN - 19924993; 5328639 AB - In March 1999, cholera appeared in Madagascar after a long hiatus and caused more than 37 000 cases and 2200 deaths. In October 1999, the Cooperative for Assistance and Relief Everywhere (CARE) and the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) Health Initiative funded CARE Madagascar to implement a household-based safe water intervention. CARE contracted with Population Services International to socially market a sodium hypochlorite solution, named Sur'Eau. In February 2000, cholera reached the southern port city of Fort- Dauphin. Sur'Eau was introduced to the region in December 2000; cholera peaked in January 2001 in Fort-Dauphin. We conducted a case-control study to investigate risk factors for cholera transmission from February 11 to 20, 2001. JF - American Journal of Public Health AU - Reller, ME AU - Mong, YJM AU - Hoekstra, R M AU - Quick, R E AD - Foodborne and Diarrheal Diseases Branch, Mailstop A38, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA 30333, USA, mhr6@cdc.gov Y1 - 2001/10// PY - 2001 DA - October 2001 SP - 1608 EP - 1610 VL - 91 IS - 10 SN - 0090-0036, 0090-0036 KW - Madagascar KW - cholera KW - man KW - outbreaks KW - Microbiology Abstracts A: Industrial & Applied Microbiology; Microbiology Abstracts B: Bacteriology; ASFA 3: Aquatic Pollution & Environmental Quality; ASFA 1: Biological Sciences & Living Resources; Pollution Abstracts; Water Resources Abstracts KW - Disease control KW - disease control KW - Disease transmission KW - Public health KW - Drinking Water KW - Water treatment KW - Human Diseases KW - ISW, Indian Ocean, Madagascar KW - intervention KW - Risk factors KW - prevention KW - Water Treatment KW - Cholera KW - cooperatives KW - Urban areas KW - Mortality KW - Pathogenic bacteria KW - Bacterial diseases KW - Water Quality KW - Sodium hypochlorite KW - Methodology KW - Sodium KW - Developing Countries KW - P 2000:FRESHWATER POLLUTION KW - SW 3060:Water treatment and distribution KW - Q1 08485:Species interactions: pests and control KW - J 02400:Human Diseases KW - A 01108:Other water systems KW - Q5 08524:Public health, medicines, dangerous organisms UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/19924993?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aasfaaquaticpollution&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=American+Journal+of+Public+Health&rft.atitle=Cholera+Prevention+With+Traditional+and+Novel+Water+Treatment+Methods%3A+An+Outbreak+Investigation+in+Fort-Dauphin%2C+Madagascar&rft.au=Reller%2C+ME%3BMong%2C+YJM%3BHoekstra%2C+R+M%3BQuick%2C+R+E&rft.aulast=Reller&rft.aufirst=ME&rft.date=2001-10-01&rft.volume=91&rft.issue=10&rft.spage=1608&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=American+Journal+of+Public+Health&rft.issn=00900036&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2003-03-01 N1 - Last updated - 2016-12-22 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Water treatment; Pathogenic bacteria; Bacterial diseases; Disease control; Public health; Methodology; Risk factors; Sodium hypochlorite; Cholera; Disease transmission; Sodium; Mortality; intervention; prevention; outbreaks; disease control; cooperatives; Urban areas; Drinking Water; Human Diseases; Water Quality; Water Treatment; Developing Countries; ISW, Indian Ocean, Madagascar ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Not Just a Drop in the Bucket: Expanding Access to Point-of-Use Water Treatment Systems AN - 19893296; 5328632 AB - Since 1990, the number of people without access to safe water sources has remained constant at approximately 1.1 billion, of whom approximately 2.2 million die of waterborne disease each year. In developing countries, population growth and migrations strain existing water and sanitary infrastructure and complicate planning and construction of new infrastructure. Providing safe water for all is a long-term goal; however, relying only on time- and resource-intensive centralized solutions such as piped, treated water will leave hundreds of millions of people without safe water far into the future. Self-sustaining, decentralized approaches to making drinking water safe, including point-of-use chemical and solar disinfection, safe water storage, and behavioral change, have been widely field-tested. These options target the most affected, enhance health, contribute to development and productivity, and merit far greater priority for rapid implementation. JF - American Journal of Public Health AU - Mintz, E AU - Bartram, J AU - Lochery, P AU - Wegelin, M AD - Foodborne and Diarrheal Diseases Branch, Mail Stop A38, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA 30333, USA, rxq1@cdc.gov Y1 - 2001/10// PY - 2001 DA - Oct 2001 SP - 1565 EP - 1573 VL - 91 IS - 10 SN - 0090-0036, 0090-0036 KW - Sustainability Science Abstracts; Water Resources Abstracts; Human Population KW - Disinfection KW - Population growth KW - Safety KW - Water resources KW - Migration KW - Water Use KW - Water use KW - Public Health KW - Drinking Water KW - Water treatment KW - Water-borne diseases KW - Water Treatment KW - Developing Countries KW - Diseases KW - Drinking water KW - Developing countries KW - M1 320:Environmental & Natural Resource Development KW - M3 1010:Issues in Sustainable Development KW - SW 3060:Water treatment and distribution UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/19893296?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Assamodule&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=American+Journal+of+Public+Health&rft.atitle=Not+Just+a+Drop+in+the+Bucket%3A+Expanding+Access+to+Point-of-Use+Water+Treatment+Systems&rft.au=Mintz%2C+E%3BBartram%2C+J%3BLochery%2C+P%3BWegelin%2C+M&rft.aulast=Mintz&rft.aufirst=E&rft.date=2001-10-01&rft.volume=91&rft.issue=10&rft.spage=1565&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=American+Journal+of+Public+Health&rft.issn=00900036&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2002-05-01 N1 - Last updated - 2015-03-24 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Disinfection; Water use; Water treatment; Population growth; Safety; Water-borne diseases; Water resources; Diseases; Drinking water; Migration; Developing countries; Drinking Water; Public Health; Water Treatment; Developing Countries; Water Use ER - TY - JOUR T1 - The Feasibility of a Web-Based Surveillance System to Collect Health Risk Behavior Data from College Students AN - 19718354; 7487283 AB - This study examined the feasibility of collecting health risk behavior data from undergraduate students using a Web-based survey. Undergraduates were randomly selected and assigned randomly to a mail survey group and a Web survey group. There were no statistically significant differences between the two groups for demographics, response rates, item completion, and item completion errors. Yet differences were found for response time and sensitive item completion. This is the first study to demonstrate the feasibility of collecting health risk behavior data from undergraduates using the Web. Undergraduates are just as likely to respond to a Web survey compared with a mail survey and more likely to answer socially threatening items using this method. Also, the Web format and protocol required less time to administer. Researchers and practitioners conducting health survey research with college students or other homogeneous populations who have access to e-mail and the Web should consider using a Web-based survey design as an alternative to a mail, self-administered survey. In such a population, a Web-based survey should not discourage participation, particularly if participants are interested in the questionnaire content. JF - Health Education & Behavior AU - Pealer, L N AU - Weller, R M AU - Pigg, RM Jr AU - Miller, D AU - Dorman, S M AD - Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, lmp2@cdc.gov Y1 - 2001/10// PY - 2001 DA - Oct 2001 SP - 547 EP - 559 VL - 28 IS - 5 SN - 1090-1981, 1090-1981 KW - Risk Abstracts KW - Feasibility studies KW - demography KW - Data collection KW - Education KW - Behavior KW - Colleges and universities KW - Public health KW - R2 23060:Medical and environmental health UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/19718354?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Ariskabstracts&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Health+Education+%26+Behavior&rft.atitle=The+Feasibility+of+a+Web-Based+Surveillance+System+to+Collect+Health+Risk+Behavior+Data+from+College+Students&rft.au=Pealer%2C+L+N%3BWeller%2C+R+M%3BPigg%2C+RM+Jr%3BMiller%2C+D%3BDorman%2C+S+M&rft.aulast=Pealer&rft.aufirst=L&rft.date=2001-10-01&rft.volume=28&rft.issue=5&rft.spage=547&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Health+Education+%26+Behavior&rft.issn=10901981&rft_id=info:doi/10.1177%2F109019810102800503 LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2007-07-01 N1 - Last updated - 2015-04-01 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - demography; Feasibility studies; Education; Data collection; Behavior; Colleges and universities; Public health DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/109019810102800503 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Intraoperative Redosing of Cefazolin and Risk for Surgical Site Infection in Cardiac Surgery AN - 18597839; 5458550 AB - Intraoperative redosing of prophylactic antibiotics is recommended for prolonged surgical procedures, although its efficacy has not been assessed. We retrospectively compared the risk of surgical site infections in 1,548 patients who underwent cardiac surgery lasting >240 min after preoperative administration of cefazolin prophylaxis. The overall risk of surgical site infection was similar among patients with (43 [9.4%] of 459) and without (101 [9.3%] of 1,089) intraoperative redosing (odds ratio [OR] 1.01, 95% confidence interval [CI] 0.70-1.47). However, redosing was beneficial in procedures lasting >400 min: infection occurred in 14 (7.7%) of 182 patients with redosing and in 32 (16.0%) of 200 patients without (adjusted OR 0.44, 95% CI 0.23-0.86). Intraoperative redosing of cefazolin was associated with a 16% reduction in the overall risk for surgical site infection after cardiac surgery, including procedures lasting <240 min. JF - Emerging Infectious Diseases AU - Zanetti, G AU - Giardina, R AU - Platt, R AD - Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, and the CDC Eastern Massachusetts Prevention Epicenter, Boston, Massachusetts, USA Y1 - 2001/10// PY - 2001 DA - Oct 2001 SP - 828 EP - 831 PB - Centers for Disease Control and Prevention VL - 7 IS - 5 SN - 1080-6040, 1080-6040 KW - Microbiology Abstracts A: Industrial & Applied Microbiology KW - A 01110:Environmental UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/18597839?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologya&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Emerging+Infectious+Diseases&rft.atitle=Intraoperative+Redosing+of+Cefazolin+and+Risk+for+Surgical+Site+Infection+in+Cardiac+Surgery&rft.au=Zanetti%2C+G%3BGiardina%2C+R%3BPlatt%2C+R&rft.aulast=Zanetti&rft.aufirst=G&rft.date=2001-10-01&rft.volume=7&rft.issue=5&rft.spage=828&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Emerging+Infectious+Diseases&rft.issn=10806040&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Clinical Consequences and Cost of Limiting Use of Vancomycin for Perioperative Prophylaxis: Example of Coronary Artery Bypass Surgery AN - 18587088; 5458502 AB - Routine us of vancomycin for perioperative prophylaxis is discouraged, principally to minimize microbial resistance to it. However, outcomes and costs of this recommendation have not been assessed. We used decision-analytic models to compare clinical results and cost-effectiveness of no prophylaxis, cefazolin, and vancomycin, in coronary artery bypass graft surgery. In the base case, vancomycin resulted in 7% fewer surgical site infections and 1% lower all-cause mortality and saved $117 per procedure, compared with cefazolin. Cefazolin, in turn, resulted in substantially fewer infections and deaths and lower costs than no prophylaxis. We conclude that perioperative antibiotic prophylaxis with vancomycin is usually more effective and less expensive than cefazolin. Data on vancomycin's impact on resistance are needed to quantify the trade-off between individual patients' improved clinical outcomes and lower costs and the future long-term consequences to society. JF - Emerging Infectious Diseases AU - Zanetti, G AU - Goldie, S J AU - Platt, R AD - Channing Laboratory, Brigham and Women's Hospital, and Eastern Massachusetts CDC Prevention Epicenter, Boston, Massachusetts, USA Y1 - 2001/10// PY - 2001 DA - Oct 2001 SP - 820 EP - 827 PB - Centers for Disease Control and Prevention VL - 7 IS - 5 SN - 1080-6040, 1080-6040 KW - cefazolin KW - coronary artery KW - Microbiology Abstracts B: Bacteriology KW - J 02783:Antibiotics: General UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/18587088?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologyb&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Emerging+Infectious+Diseases&rft.atitle=Clinical+Consequences+and+Cost+of+Limiting+Use+of+Vancomycin+for+Perioperative+Prophylaxis%3A+Example+of+Coronary+Artery+Bypass+Surgery&rft.au=Zanetti%2C+G%3BGoldie%2C+S+J%3BPlatt%2C+R&rft.aulast=Zanetti&rft.aufirst=G&rft.date=2001-10-01&rft.volume=7&rft.issue=5&rft.spage=820&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Emerging+Infectious+Diseases&rft.issn=10806040&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Sentinel Human Health Indicators: A Model for Assessing Human Health Status of Vulnerable Communities AN - 18348387; 5300575 AB - The presence of toxic substances in the Great Lakes (GL) continues to be a significant concern. Eleven of the most persistent and ubiquitous substances were identified as "critical Great Lakes pollutants" by the International Joint Commission (IJC). In some areas of the GL these toxic substances bioaccumulate in sediment and organisms, biomagnify in food webs, and persist at high levels. The Agency for Toxic Substances and Disease Registry (ATSDR) Great Lakes Human Health Effects Research Program (GLHHERP) characterizes contaminant exposures via GL fish consumption and investigates the potential for short- and long-term adverse health effects. The program has identified a set of eight indicators to determine risk. The GLHHERP findings indicate: (1) vulnerable populations are still being exposed to persistent toxic substances (2) body burden levels are two to four times higher than in the general U.S. population, (3) women and minorities are less knowledgeable about fish advisories than other segments of the population, (4) the presence of neurodevelopmental deficits in newborns, and cognitive deficits in children and adults, and (5) disturbances in reproductive parameters have been demonstrated in adults. The public health implications of these findings and the need for intervention strategies are discussed. JF - Human and Ecological Risk Assessment AU - De Rosa, CT AU - Hicks, HE AD - Division of Toxicology, Agency for Toxic Substances and Disease Registry, 1600 Clifton Road, N.E., Mail Stop E29, Atlanta, GA 30333, USA, cyd0@cdc.gov Y1 - 2001/10// PY - 2001 DA - Oct 2001 SP - 1419 EP - 1435 VL - 7 IS - 5 SN - 1080-7039, 1080-7039 KW - cognitive ability KW - food webs KW - Risk Abstracts; Pollution Abstracts; Health & Safety Science Abstracts KW - Public health KW - Pollutant persistence KW - Seafood KW - Sediment pollution KW - Food contamination KW - Bioaccumulation KW - Neurotoxicity KW - North America, Great Lakes KW - R2 23060:Medical and environmental health KW - H 12000:Epidemiology and Public Health KW - P 6000:TOXICOLOGY AND HEALTH UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/18348387?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Ariskabstracts&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Human+and+Ecological+Risk+Assessment&rft.atitle=Sentinel+Human+Health+Indicators%3A+A+Model+for+Assessing+Human+Health+Status+of+Vulnerable+Communities&rft.au=De+Rosa%2C+CT%3BHicks%2C+HE&rft.aulast=De+Rosa&rft.aufirst=CT&rft.date=2001-10-01&rft.volume=7&rft.issue=5&rft.spage=1419&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Human+and+Ecological+Risk+Assessment&rft.issn=10807039&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - SuppNotes - Special Issue: Indicators in Health and Ecological Risk Assessment. N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - North America, Great Lakes; Public health; Pollutant persistence; Sediment pollution; Bioaccumulation; Neurotoxicity; Seafood; Food contamination ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Impact of the Safe Water System on Water Quality in Cyclone-Affected Communities in Madagascar AN - 18271359; 5328636 AB - Cyclone Hudah struck the northeastern coast of Madagascar in the spring of 2000. Over a 5-month period, 11 700 relief kits consisting of bottles of water disinfectant and foldable jerry cans were distributed to the affected population. Five months after the cyclone, a survey was conducted in 12 villages to determine the impact of these relief kits on water quality. Seventy-six percent of the surveyed households reported using jerry cans, and 65% reported using the disinfectant. Stored water in households using both products had significantly less microbiological contamination than stored water in other households. To improve the prospects for a sustainable intervention, the response plan for future disasters should incorporate a transition to recovery and development, including formative research into local customs, beliefs, and water handling habits, and funding support to initiate social marketing. JF - American Journal of Public Health AU - Mong, Y AU - Kaiser, R AU - Ibrahim, D AU - Rasoatiana AU - Razafimbololona, L AU - Quick, R E AD - National Center for Environmental Health, Division of Environmental Hazards and Health Effects, Health Studies Branch (E23), Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, 1600 Clifton Rd NE, Atlanta, GA 30333, USA, rik9@cdc.gov Y1 - 2001/10// PY - 2001 DA - Oct 2001 SP - 1577 EP - 1579 VL - 91 IS - 10 SN - 0090-0036, 0090-0036 KW - Madagascar KW - cyclones KW - disease control KW - natural disasters KW - Water Resources Abstracts; Health & Safety Science Abstracts; Pollution Abstracts KW - Cyclones KW - Water quality control KW - Public Health KW - Drinking Water KW - Water Supply KW - Disasters KW - Microorganisms KW - Microbial contamination KW - Water Quality Control KW - Drinking water KW - Public health KW - H 11000:Diseases/Injuries/Trauma KW - SW 3060:Water treatment and distribution KW - P 6000:TOXICOLOGY AND HEALTH UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/18271359?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Apollution&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=American+Journal+of+Public+Health&rft.atitle=Impact+of+the+Safe+Water+System+on+Water+Quality+in+Cyclone-Affected+Communities+in+Madagascar&rft.au=Mong%2C+Y%3BKaiser%2C+R%3BIbrahim%2C+D%3BRasoatiana%3BRazafimbololona%2C+L%3BQuick%2C+R+E&rft.aulast=Mong&rft.aufirst=Y&rft.date=2001-10-01&rft.volume=91&rft.issue=10&rft.spage=1577&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=American+Journal+of+Public+Health&rft.issn=00900036&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Last updated - 2015-03-24 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Water quality control; Microbial contamination; Drinking water; Public health; Cyclones; Drinking Water; Public Health; Microorganisms; Disasters; Water Supply; Water Quality Control ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Collaboration, Cholera, and Cyclones: A Project to Improve Point-of-Use Water Quality in Madagascar AN - 18269923; 5328635 AB - In November 1999, CARE Madagascar, Population Services International (PSI), and the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) selected 30 poor communities in urban Antananarivo as the target population for launch of the Safe Water System. The system consists of behavior change techniques along with point-of-use treatment and safe storage of water. The project was launched in March 2000, ahead of schedule, because a cholera epidemic struck Madagascar in January. Because of the enormous demand created by the cholera epidemic and by 3 cyclones that followed in the next 3 months, the project grew to national scale in less than a year. The combination of community mobilization and social marketing resulted in increased demand for and use of the Safe Water System. JF - American Journal of Public Health AU - Dunston, C AU - McAfee, D AU - Kaiser, R AU - Rakotoarison, D AU - Rambeloson, L AU - Hoang, A T AU - Quick, R E AD - Foodborne and Diarrheal Diseases Branch, Mail Stop A38, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA 30333, USA, rxq1@cdc.gov Y1 - 2001/10// PY - 2001 DA - Oct 2001 SP - 1574 EP - 1576 VL - 91 IS - 10 SN - 0090-0036, 0090-0036 KW - Madagascar KW - cholera KW - cyclones KW - disease control KW - natural disasters KW - water-borne diseases KW - Microbiology Abstracts A: Industrial & Applied Microbiology; Water Resources Abstracts; Health & Safety Science Abstracts; Pollution Abstracts KW - Cyclones KW - Disasters KW - Disease control KW - Water quality KW - Public health KW - Water quality control KW - Public Health KW - Emergency preparedness KW - Water-borne diseases KW - Water Treatment KW - Cholera KW - Diseases KW - Water Quality Control KW - H 11000:Diseases/Injuries/Trauma KW - SW 3060:Water treatment and distribution KW - A 01108:Other water systems KW - P 6000:TOXICOLOGY AND HEALTH UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/18269923?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologya&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=American+Journal+of+Public+Health&rft.atitle=Collaboration%2C+Cholera%2C+and+Cyclones%3A+A+Project+to+Improve+Point-of-Use+Water+Quality+in+Madagascar&rft.au=Dunston%2C+C%3BMcAfee%2C+D%3BKaiser%2C+R%3BRakotoarison%2C+D%3BRambeloson%2C+L%3BHoang%2C+A+T%3BQuick%2C+R+E&rft.aulast=Dunston&rft.aufirst=C&rft.date=2001-10-01&rft.volume=91&rft.issue=10&rft.spage=1574&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=American+Journal+of+Public+Health&rft.issn=00900036&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Last updated - 2015-03-24 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Cyclones; Disease control; Water-borne diseases; Cholera; Water quality; Public health; Water quality control; Emergency preparedness; Public Health; Disasters; Water Treatment; Diseases; Water Quality Control ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Dioxin and diabetes mellitus: an analysis of the combined NIOSH and Ranch Hand data AN - 18235221; 5298873 AB - Objectives--To reanalyze in a similar manner the two principal studies of TCDD (tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin) and diabetes in an attempt to reconcile disparate results. Methods--Data from 990 United States Air Force veterans (Ranch Hand) and 1275 referents were reanalyzed, and a NIOSH population of 267 chemical workers and 227 referents. The Ranch Hand veterans had lower concentrations of lipid adjusted serum TCDD (median 12 parts per trillion (ppt)) than the NIOSH workers (median 75 ppt) when examined in the late 1980s. An analysis was conducted of the combined data sets, adopting a uniform approach to outcome definition, data analysis, and covariate control. Results--The combined exposed groups did not differ markedly from the combined non-exposed groups for prevalence of diabetes (odds ratio (OR) 1.17, 95% confidence interval (95% CI) 0.92 to 1.48), with no evidence of heterogeneity of exposure effect between studies. Also virtually no difference was found between combined exposed and non-exposed groups in mean fasting serum glucose (difference in log serum glucose 0.002, 95% CI -0.006 to 0.010), and there was little evidence in either study of a dose-response trend for fasting serum glucose. An increasing trend was found (p=0.0001) in prevalence of diabetes with increased TCDD (at the time of examination or at time of last exposure) among the Ranch Hand population, with excess risk largely confined to the highest 8% of the exposed group (>78 ppt serum TCDD), which had an OR of 3.21 (95% CI 1.81 to 5.72) versus those with <10 ppt TCDD. However, no such positive dose-response was found in the NIOSH population. Conclusions--There was little overall evidence that the exposed workers were at higher risk than the non-exposed workers of diabetes or abnormal fasting glucose. However, the Ranch Hand subjects showed a positive dose-response for diabetes, whereas the more highly exposed NIOSH subjects did not. The reason for the difference in diabetes dose-response trends between the two studies is unknown. JF - Occupational and Environmental Medicine AU - Steenland, K AU - Calvert, G AU - Ketchum, N AU - Michalek, J AD - National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH), Cincinnati, Ohio, USA, nsteenland@cdc.gov Y1 - 2001/10// PY - 2001 DA - Oct 2001 SP - 641 EP - 648 VL - 58 IS - 10 SN - 1351-0711, 1351-0711 KW - man KW - diabetes mellitus KW - Toxicology Abstracts; Health & Safety Science Abstracts KW - Diabetes mellitus KW - TCDD KW - Dioxin KW - Military personnel KW - Occupational exposure KW - Dioxins KW - H 1000:Occupational Safety and Health KW - X 24152:Chronic exposure UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/18235221?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxicologyabstracts&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Occupational+and+Environmental+Medicine&rft.atitle=Dioxin+and+diabetes+mellitus%3A+an+analysis+of+the+combined+NIOSH+and+Ranch+Hand+data&rft.au=Steenland%2C+K%3BCalvert%2C+G%3BKetchum%2C+N%3BMichalek%2C+J&rft.aulast=Steenland&rft.aufirst=K&rft.date=2001-10-01&rft.volume=58&rft.issue=10&rft.spage=641&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Occupational+and+Environmental+Medicine&rft.issn=13510711&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - TCDD; Dioxins; Occupational exposure; Military personnel; Dioxin; Diabetes mellitus ER - TY - CONF T1 - Astrogliosis in the adult and developing CNS: Is there a role for proinflammatory cytokines? AN - 18233605; 5300186 AB - Astrogliosis, characterized by the enhanced expression of GFAP, represents a remarkably homotypic response of astrocytes to all types of injuries of the CNS, including injuries of the developing CNS. As such, astrocytes serve as microsensors of the injured microenvironment regardless of their location in the CNS. The diversity of insults that engender astrogliosis and the brain-wide nature of the astrocytic response suggest that common injury factors serve as the trigger of this cellular reaction. One prominent theme that has emerged in recent years is that proinflammatory cytokines and chemokines serve as a stimulus for induction of astrogliosis. Here we present a brief critique of this hypothesis based on a review of literature and some of our own recent findings. Studies of astrocytes, in vitro, clearly indicate that these cell types are responsive to a variety of growth factors, including cytokines and chemokines. A somewhat different picture, however, can be seen from data obtained in vivo. It is true that trauma and diseases of the nervous system, as well as some exposures to neurotoxic chemicals, can be associated with the expression in brain of large varieties of cytokines and chemokines. That these same conditions result in astrogliosis has fostered the circumstantial link between cytokine/chemokine expression and the induction of astrogliosis. Several lines of evidence argue against this view including (a) suppression of cytokine expression does not suppress gliosis, (b) gliosis can occur in the absence of enhanced expression of cytokines, (c) elevations in brain cytokines can occur in the absence of gliosis and (d) the patterns of cytokine expression in the adult and developing CNS are more consistent with a trophic role for these chemical messengers rather than a role in the induction of inflammation. Enhanced expression of cytokines and chemokines after brain injury appear to be signal transduction events unrelated to the induction of astrogliosis. JF - Neurotoxicology AU - Little, A R AU - O'Callaghan, J P Y1 - 2001/10// PY - 2001 DA - Oct 2001 SP - 607 EP - 618 PB - Intox Press VL - 22 IS - 5 KW - adults KW - development KW - Astrogliosis KW - gliosis KW - CSA Neurosciences Abstracts; Toxicology Abstracts KW - Central nervous system KW - Chemokines KW - Astrocytes KW - Brain KW - Inflammation KW - Reviews KW - Neurotoxicity KW - Cytokines KW - Signal transduction KW - N3 11110:Neuroimmunology KW - X 24250:Reviews UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/18233605?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxicologyabstracts&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Neurotoxicology&rft.atitle=Astrogliosis+in+the+adult+and+developing+CNS%3A+Is+there+a+role+for+proinflammatory+cytokines%3F&rft.au=Little%2C+A+R%3BO%27Callaghan%2C+J+P&rft.aulast=Little&rft.aufirst=A&rft.date=2001-10-01&rft.volume=22&rft.issue=5&rft.spage=607&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Neurotoxicology&rft.issn=0161813X&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Mycolic acid analysis by high-performance liquid chromatography for identification of Mycobacterium species AN - 18228789; 5294507 AB - Mycobacterium tuberculosis is the etiologic agent of tuberculosis and can be accurately detected by laboratories using commercial genetic tests. Nontuberculosis mycobacteria (NTM) causing other mycobacterioses can be difficult to identify. The identification processes are confounded by an increasing diversity of newly characterized NTM species. The ubiquitous nature of NTM, combined with their potential to be opportunistic pathogens in immunocompromised as well as nonimmunodeficient patients, further complicates the problem of their identification. Since clinical case management varies depending on the etiologic agent, laboratories must identify the species in a timely manner. However, only a few identification methods can detect the species diversity within the Mycobacterium genus. Over the last decade, high-performance liquid chromatography analysis of the mycolic acids has become an accepted method for identification of mycobacteria. In this review, we assess its development and usefulness as an identification technique for Mycobacterium species. JF - Clinical Microbiology Reviews AU - Butler, W R AU - Guthertz, L S AD - M/S F08, Centers for Disease, Control and Prevention, 1600 Clifton Rd., N.E., Atlanta, GA 30333, USA, wrb1@cdc.gov Y1 - 2001/10// PY - 2001 DA - Oct 2001 SP - 704 EP - 726 VL - 14 IS - 4 SN - 0893-8512, 0893-8512 KW - identification KW - Mycolic acids KW - mycolic acids KW - Microbiology Abstracts A: Industrial & Applied Microbiology; Microbiology Abstracts B: Bacteriology KW - High-performance liquid chromatography KW - Mycobacterium KW - Opportunist infection KW - A 01116:Bacteria KW - J 02710:Identification, taxonomy and typing UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/18228789?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologyb&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Clinical+Microbiology+Reviews&rft.atitle=Mycolic+acid+analysis+by+high-performance+liquid+chromatography+for+identification+of+Mycobacterium+species&rft.au=Butler%2C+W+R%3BGuthertz%2C+L+S&rft.aulast=Butler&rft.aufirst=W&rft.date=2001-10-01&rft.volume=14&rft.issue=4&rft.spage=704&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Clinical+Microbiology+Reviews&rft.issn=08938512&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Mycobacterium; High-performance liquid chromatography; Opportunist infection ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Evaluation of a portable blood lead analyzer with occupationally exposed populations AN - 18220737; 5288629 AB - Background: This project evaluated a portable electroanalytical instrument that is used to rapidly analyze blood lead levels in individuals, using a fresh whole blood sample (venous). Methods: Samples were obtained from 208 lead-exposed employees who donated two 2 ml venous blood samples into "lead-free" evacuated tubes. One blood sample was analyzed onsite using the portable field instrument while the second sample was analyzed using graphite furnace atomic absorption spectrometry (GFAAS). Results: According to GFAAS results, employee venous blood lead levels ranged from 1 mu g/dl to 42 mu g/dl. The mean difference between the results from the field instrument and GFAAS was less than 1 mu g/dl. Analysis indicates that the results from the field instrument yielded a slight positive bias overall (P value = 0.0213), with less bias for blood lead levels above 10 mu g/dl (P value = 0.0738). Conclusions: Within the blood range evaluated (1-42 mu g/dl), the instrument performed adequately according to Clinical Laboratory Improvements Amendments (CLIA) proficiency requirements. The ability of the instrument to perform rapid analysis makes it potentially valuable to occupational health professionals for medical monitoring or on-site investigations. JF - American Journal of Industrial Medicine AU - Taylor, L AU - Jones, R L AU - Kwan, L AU - Deddens, JA AU - Ashley, K AU - Sanderson, W T AD - CDC/NIOSH, 4676 Columbia Parkway, MS R-14 Cincinnati, OH 45226, USA, ltaylor@cdc.gov Y1 - 2001/10// PY - 2001 DA - Oct 2001 SP - 354 EP - 362 PB - John Wiley & Sons, Inc. VL - 40 IS - 4 SN - 0271-3586, 0271-3586 KW - analyzers KW - man KW - Toxicology Abstracts; Health & Safety Science Abstracts KW - Heavy metals KW - Instruments KW - Lead KW - Blood levels KW - Blood KW - Occupational exposure KW - Monitoring instruments KW - X 24222:Analytical procedures KW - H 1000:Occupational Safety and Health KW - X 24163:Metabolism UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/18220737?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxicologyabstracts&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=American+Journal+of+Industrial+Medicine&rft.atitle=Evaluation+of+a+portable+blood+lead+analyzer+with+occupationally+exposed+populations&rft.au=Taylor%2C+L%3BJones%2C+R+L%3BKwan%2C+L%3BDeddens%2C+JA%3BAshley%2C+K%3BSanderson%2C+W+T&rft.aulast=Taylor&rft.aufirst=L&rft.date=2001-10-01&rft.volume=40&rft.issue=4&rft.spage=354&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=American+Journal+of+Industrial+Medicine&rft.issn=02713586&rft_id=info:doi/10.1002%2Fajim.1109 LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Heavy metals; Lead; Blood levels; Occupational exposure; Monitoring instruments; Blood; Instruments DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ajim.1109 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Effect of Cr(VI) Exposure on Sperm Quality: Human and Animal Studies AN - 18212784; 5285664 AB - The semen status of male workers occupationally exposed to hexavalent chromium(VI) was investigated. Sperm counts from exposed workers were 47.05 plus or minus 2.13x10 super(6)/ml and those from control group 88.96 plus or minus 3.40x10 super(6)/ml. Sperm motility decreased from 81.92 plus or minus 0.41% for the control group to 69.71 plus or minus 0.93% for the exposed workers. The levels of zinc, lactate dehydrogenase (LDH), and lactate dehydrogenase C4 isoenzyme (LDH-x) in seminal plasma for the exposed workers were 1.48 plus or minus 0.07 mu mol/ml, 1.05 plus or minus 0.02x10 super(3) U, and 0.47 plus or minus 0.01x10 super(3) U, respectively, which were significantly lower than those of 5.72 plus or minus 0.15 mu mol/ml, 1.49 plus or minus 0.02x10 super(3) U, and 0.78 plus or minus 0.15x10 super(3) U for the control group, respectively. Follicle stimulating hormone (FSH) (7.34 plus or minus 0.34x10 super(-3) IU/ml) in serum from the exposed workers was significantly higher than that (2.41 plus or minus 0.08x10 super(-3) IU/ml) from the control group. On the other hand, there were no significant differences in semen volume, semen liquefaction time, luteinizing hormone (LH) level in serum, and Cr concentration in both serum and seminal plasma between the exposed workers and the control group. Feeding Cr(VI) to rats significantly reduced the epididymal sperm counts from 87.40 plus or minus 3.85x10 super(6)/g epididymis in control group to 21.40 plus or minus 1.20x10 super(6)/g epididymis at a CrO sub(3) dose of 10 mg/kg body weight and to 17.48 plus or minus 1.04x10 super(6)/g epididymis at a CrO sub(3) dose of 20 mg/kg body weight. Exposure of rats to Cr(VI) also significantly increased the sperm abnormality from 2.75 plus or minus 0.06% in the control group to 6.68 plus or minus 0.32% in the exposed group at a CrO sub(3) dose of 10 mg/kg body and to 7.6 plus or minus 0.15% at a CrO sub(3) dose of 20 mg/kg body weight. In exposed rats, there was visible disruption in germ cell arrangement near the walls of the seminiferous tubules. The diameters of seminiferous tubules in exposed rats were smaller. These results suggest that occupational exposure to chromium(VI) leads to alteration of semen status and may affect the reproductive success of exposed workers. JF - Annals of Occupational Hygiene AU - Li, H AU - Chen, Q AU - Li, S AU - Yao, W AU - Li, L AU - Shi, X AU - Wang, L AU - Castranova, V AU - Vallyathan, V AU - Ernst, E AU - Chen, C AD - Pathology and Physiology Research Branch, National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, Morgantown WV 26505, USA, xas0@cdc.gov Y1 - 2001/10// PY - 2001 DA - Oct 2001 SP - 505 EP - 511 VL - 45 IS - 7 SN - 0003-4878, 0003-4878 KW - man KW - rats KW - sperm KW - Toxicology Abstracts; Health & Safety Science Abstracts KW - Follicle-stimulating hormone KW - Chromium KW - males KW - Luteinizing hormone KW - Semen KW - Reproduction KW - Occupational exposure KW - X 24164:Pathology KW - H 1000:Occupational Safety and Health UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/18212784?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxicologyabstracts&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Annals+of+Occupational+Hygiene&rft.atitle=Effect+of+Cr%28VI%29+Exposure+on+Sperm+Quality%3A+Human+and+Animal+Studies&rft.au=Li%2C+H%3BChen%2C+Q%3BLi%2C+S%3BYao%2C+W%3BLi%2C+L%3BShi%2C+X%3BWang%2C+L%3BCastranova%2C+V%3BVallyathan%2C+V%3BErnst%2C+E%3BChen%2C+C&rft.aulast=Li&rft.aufirst=H&rft.date=2001-10-01&rft.volume=45&rft.issue=7&rft.spage=505&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Annals+of+Occupational+Hygiene&rft.issn=00034878&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Chromium; Occupational exposure; males; Reproduction; Semen; Follicle-stimulating hormone; Luteinizing hormone ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Rapid Identification of Dimorphic and Yeast-Like Fungal Pathogens Using Specific DNA Probes AN - 18210016; 5275523 AB - Specific oligonucleotide probes were developed to identify medically important fungi that display yeast-like morphology in vivo. Universal fungal primers ITS1 and ITS4, directed to the conserved regions of ribosomal DNA, were used to amplify DNA from Histoplasma capsulatum, Blastomyces dermatitidis, Coccidioides immitis, Paracoccidioides brasiliensis, Penicillium marneffei, Sporothrix schenckii, Cryptococcus neoformans, five Candida species, and Pneumocystis carinii. Specific oligonucleotide probes to identify these fungi, as well as a probe to detect all dimorphic, systemic pathogens, were developed. PCR amplicons were detected colorimetrically in an enzyme immunoassay format. The dimorphic probe hybridized with DNA from H. capsulatum, B. dermatitidis, C. immitis, P. brasiliensis, and P. marneffei but not with DNA from nondimorphic fungi. Specific probes for H. capsulatum, B. dermatitidis, C. immitis, P. brasiliensis, P. marneffei, S. schenckii, C. neoformans, and P. carinii hybridized with homologous but not heterologous DNA. Minor cross-reactivity was observed for the B. dermititidis probe used against C. immitis DNA and for the H. capsulatum probe used against Candida albicans DNA. However, the C. immitis probe did not cross-react with B. dermititidis DNA, nor did the dimorphic probe hybridize with C. albicans DNA. Therefore, these fungi could be differentiated by a process of elimination. In conclusion, probes developed to yeast-like pathogens were found to be highly specific and should prove to be useful in differentiating these organisms in the clinical setting. JF - Journal of Clinical Microbiology AU - Lindsley, MD AU - Hurst, S F AU - Iqbal, N J AU - Morrison, C J AD - Mailstop G-11, CDC, 1600 Clifton Rd., NE, Atlanta, GA 30333, USA, mil6@cdc.gov Y1 - 2001/10// PY - 2001 DA - Oct 2001 SP - 3505 EP - 3511 VL - 39 IS - 10 SN - 0095-1137, 0095-1137 KW - Microbiology Abstracts A: Industrial & Applied Microbiology; Microbiology Abstracts C: Algology, Mycology & Protozoology KW - Blastomycosis KW - DNA probes KW - Histoplasmosis KW - Blastomyces dermatitidis KW - Histoplasma capsulatum KW - Oligonucleotides KW - Enzyme immunoassay KW - Spacer region KW - Polymerase chain reaction KW - K 03069:Fungi KW - A 01117:Fungi UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/18210016?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologya&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Clinical+Microbiology&rft.atitle=Rapid+Identification+of+Dimorphic+and+Yeast-Like+Fungal+Pathogens+Using+Specific+DNA+Probes&rft.au=Lindsley%2C+MD%3BHurst%2C+S+F%3BIqbal%2C+N+J%3BMorrison%2C+C+J&rft.aulast=Lindsley&rft.aufirst=MD&rft.date=2001-10-01&rft.volume=39&rft.issue=10&rft.spage=3505&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+Clinical+Microbiology&rft.issn=00951137&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Histoplasma capsulatum; Blastomyces dermatitidis; Spacer region; DNA probes; Oligonucleotides; Polymerase chain reaction; Enzyme immunoassay; Histoplasmosis; Blastomycosis ER - TY - JOUR T1 - A flood-related outbreak of carbon monoxide poisoning - Grand Forks, North Dakota AN - 18208957; 5285150 AB - Post-disaster carbon monoxide (CO) poisoning is a growing problem in the United States. This study describes a documented outbreak of CO poisoning associated with flooding. Health department staff investigated cases of CO poisoning following the severe flood of 1997 in Grand Forks, North Dakota. Thirty-three laboratory-confirmed cases were identified, involving 18 separate incidents. Patients ranged in age from 7 to 67 years, and most were men. One patient lost consciousness and was admitted to the hospital; all others were released after receiving supplemental oxygen. Every incident involved gasoline-powered pressure washers being used in basements. Five incidents among professional cleaners accounted for 16 cases; the remaining incidents involved noncommercial use. Thirty patients, from 15 incidents, reported the basement was ventilated while the pressure washer was in use. CO poisoning must be considered a potential hazard after major floods. JF - Journal of Emergency Medicine AU - Daley, W R AU - Shireley, L AU - Gilmore, R AD - CDC/NCEH/EHHE/HSB, 1600 Clifton Rd, E-23 Atlanta, GA 30333, USA Y1 - 2001/10// PY - 2001 DA - October 2001 SP - 249 EP - 253 VL - 21 IS - 3 SN - 0736-4679, 0736-4679 KW - USA, North Dakota, Grand Forks KW - man KW - outbreaks KW - Toxicology Abstracts; Water Resources Abstracts; Health & Safety Science Abstracts KW - Poisoning KW - Public health KW - Hazards KW - Carbon monoxide KW - Public Health KW - USA, North Dakota KW - Floods KW - Flooding KW - Carbon Dioxide KW - X 24240:Miscellaneous KW - SW 0835:Streamflow and runoff KW - H 14000:Toxicology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/18208957?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxicologyabstracts&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Emergency+Medicine&rft.atitle=A+flood-related+outbreak+of+carbon+monoxide+poisoning+-+Grand+Forks%2C+North+Dakota&rft.au=Daley%2C+W+R%3BShireley%2C+L%3BGilmore%2C+R&rft.aulast=Daley&rft.aufirst=W&rft.date=2001-10-01&rft.volume=21&rft.issue=3&rft.spage=249&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+Emergency+Medicine&rft.issn=07364679&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Last updated - 2016-06-22 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Carbon monoxide; Floods; Poisoning; Public health; Hazards; Public Health; Flooding; Carbon Dioxide; USA, North Dakota ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Brominated Flame Retardants in Serum from U.S. Blood Donors AN - 18194241; 5241121 AB - Serum samples collected in 1988 from U.S. blood donors were analyzed for polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDEs) and polychlorinated and polybrominated biphenyls (PCBs and PBBs). The levels of the PBDEs are reported for the first time in serum from the U.S. population. The median concentrations and range of 2,2',4,4'-tetrabromodiphenyl ether (BDE-47); 2,2',4,4',5,5'-hexabromodiphenyl ether (BDE-153); 2,2',3,4,4',5',6-heptabromodiphenyl ether (BDE-183); and decabromodiphenyl ether (BDE-209) were 1.3 (<0.8-49); 0.54 (0.13-3.1); 0.24 (0.12-1.8); and <1 (<1-35) pmol/g lipid weight (l.w.), respectively. In addition we also measured detectable levels of nine additional PBDE congeners in many of the serum samples. The median concentrations and ranges of 2,2',4,4',5,5'-hexachloro- and hexabromobiphenyl (CB-153 and BB-153) were 190 (21-2600) and 19 (4.2-84) pmol/g l.w. The levels of PBDEs and CB-153 found in the U.S. samples were similar to background levels reported in the serum of Swedish hospital cleaners collected 10 years later, i.e., 1997. The BB-153 congener measured in the U.S. samples was not found in the Swedish samples. The difference in exposure to this congener could not be assessed in this study, although might be related to the 1973 BB-153 (FireMaster BP-6) animal and human contamination incident in the State of Michigan. JF - Environmental Science & Technology AU - Sjoedin, A AU - Patterson, DG Jr AU - Bergman, Ae AD - Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), National Center for Environmental Health (NCEH), Division for Laboratory Sciences (DLS), Toxicology (TOX), 4770 Buford Hwy NE, Atlanta, GA 30341-3724, USA, asjodin@cdc.gov Y1 - 2001/10/01/ PY - 2001 DA - 2001 Oct 01 SP - 3830 EP - 3833 VL - 35 IS - 19 SN - 0013-936X, 0013-936X KW - man KW - blood donors KW - polybrominated biphenyl ethers KW - polybrominated biphenyls KW - polybrominated diphenyl ethers KW - Health & Safety Science Abstracts; Toxicology Abstracts KW - USA KW - Fire retardant chemicals KW - Fire retardants KW - PCB compounds KW - PCB KW - X 24153:Metabolism KW - H 12000:Epidemiology and Public Health UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/18194241?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxicologyabstracts&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Environmental+Science+%26+Technology&rft.atitle=Brominated+Flame+Retardants+in+Serum+from+U.S.+Blood+Donors&rft.au=Sjoedin%2C+A%3BPatterson%2C+DG+Jr%3BBergman%2C+Ae&rft.aulast=Sjoedin&rft.aufirst=A&rft.date=2001-10-01&rft.volume=35&rft.issue=19&rft.spage=3830&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Environmental+Science+%26+Technology&rft.issn=0013936X&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - USA; PCB compounds; Fire retardants; Fire retardant chemicals; PCB ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Optimal Inoculation Methods and Quality Control for the NCCLS Oxacillin Agar Screen Test for Detection of Oxacillin Resistance in Staphylococcus aureus AN - 18148376; 5275577 AB - To define more precisely the inoculation methods to be used in the oxacillin screen test for Staphylococcus aureus, we tested agar screen plates prepared in house with 6 mu g of oxacillin/ml and 4% NaCl using the four different inoculation methods that would most likely be used by clinical laboratories. The organisms selected for testing were 19 heteroresistant mecA-producing strains and 41 non-mecA-producing strains for which oxacillin MICs were near the susceptible breakpoint. The inoculation method that was preferred by all four readers and that resulted in the best combination of sensitivity and specificity was a 1- mu l loopful of a 0.5 McFarland suspension. A second objective of the study was to then use this method to inoculate plates from five different manufacturers of commercially prepared media. Although all commercial media performed with acceptable sensitivity compared to the reference lot, one of the commercial lots demonstrated a lack of specificity. Those lots of oxacillin screen medium that fail to grow heteroresistant strains can be detected by using S. aureus ATCC 43300 as a positive control in the test and by using transmitted light to carefully examine the plates for any growth. However, lack of specificity with commercial lots may be difficult to detect using any of the current quality control organisms. JF - Journal of Clinical Microbiology AU - Swenson, J M AU - Spargo, J AU - Tenover, F C AU - Ferraro, MJ AD - CDC, Mailstop G08, 1600 Clifton Rd., Atlanta, GA 30333, USA, jswenson@cdc.gov Y1 - 2001/10// PY - 2001 DA - Oct 2001 SP - 3781 EP - 3784 VL - 39 IS - 10 SN - 0095-1137, 0095-1137 KW - mecA gene KW - Microbiology Abstracts A: Industrial & Applied Microbiology; Microbiology Abstracts B: Bacteriology KW - Agar KW - Oxacillin KW - Minimum inhibitory concentration KW - Quality control KW - Staphylococcus aureus KW - Antibiotic resistance KW - A 01064:Microbial resistance KW - J 02795:Antibiotic resistance UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/18148376?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologyb&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Clinical+Microbiology&rft.atitle=Optimal+Inoculation+Methods+and+Quality+Control+for+the+NCCLS+Oxacillin+Agar+Screen+Test+for+Detection+of+Oxacillin+Resistance+in+Staphylococcus+aureus&rft.au=Swenson%2C+J+M%3BSpargo%2C+J%3BTenover%2C+F+C%3BFerraro%2C+MJ&rft.aulast=Swenson&rft.aufirst=J&rft.date=2001-10-01&rft.volume=39&rft.issue=10&rft.spage=3781&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+Clinical+Microbiology&rft.issn=00951137&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Staphylococcus aureus; Agar; Antibiotic resistance; Oxacillin; Minimum inhibitory concentration; Quality control ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Performance of Eight Methods, Including Two New Rapid Methods, for Detection of Oxacillin Resistance in a Challenge Set of Staphylococcus aureus Organisms AN - 18143661; 5275578 AB - Using a set of 55 Staphylococcus aureus challenge organisms, we evaluated six routine methods (broth microdilution, disk diffusion, oxacillin agar screen, MicroScan conventional panels, MicroScan rapid panels, and Vitek cards) currently used in many clinical laboratories and two new rapid methods, Velogene and the MRSA-Screen, that require less than a day to determine the susceptibility of S. aureus to oxacillin. The methods were evaluated by using the presence of the mecA gene, as detected by PCR, as the "gold standard." The strains included 19 mecA-positive heterogeneously resistant strains of expression class 1 or 2 (demonstrating oxacillin MICs of 4 to >16 mu g/ml) and 36 mecA-negative strains. The oxacillin MICs of the latter strains were 0.25 to 4 mu g/ml when tested by broth microdilution with 2% NaCl-supplemented cation-adjusted Mueller-Hinton broth as specified by the NCCLS. However, when tested by agar dilution with 4% salt (the conditions used in the oxacillin agar screen method), the oxacillin MICs of 16 of the mecA-negative strains increased to 4 to 8 mu g/ml. On initial testing, the percentages of correct results (% sensitivity/% specificity) were as follows: broth microdilution, 100/100; Velogene, 100/100; Vitek, 95/97; oxacillin agar screen, 90/92; disk diffusion, 100/89; MicroScan rapid panels, 90/86; MRSA-Screen, 90/100; and MicroScan conventional, 74/97. The MRSA-Screen sensitivity improved to 100% if agglutination reactions were read at 15 min. Repeat testing improved the performance of some but not all of the systems. JF - Journal of Clinical Microbiology AU - Swenson, J M AU - Williams, P P AU - Killgore, G AU - O'Hara, C M AU - Tenover, F C AD - CDC, Mailstop G08, 1600 Clifton Rd., Atlanta, GA 30333, USA, jswenson@cdc.gov Y1 - 2001/10// PY - 2001 DA - Oct 2001 SP - 3785 EP - 3788 VL - 39 IS - 10 SN - 0095-1137, 0095-1137 KW - MRSA-Screen test KW - Vitek cards KW - MicroScan rapid panels KW - mecA gene KW - Microbiology Abstracts A: Industrial & Applied Microbiology; Microbiology Abstracts B: Bacteriology KW - Oxacillin KW - Minimum inhibitory concentration KW - Agar diffusion test KW - Dilution tests KW - Disc-diffusion test KW - Staphylococcus aureus KW - Antibiotic resistance KW - A 01116:Bacteria KW - J 02795:Antibiotic resistance UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/18143661?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologyb&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Clinical+Microbiology&rft.atitle=Performance+of+Eight+Methods%2C+Including+Two+New+Rapid+Methods%2C+for+Detection+of+Oxacillin+Resistance+in+a+Challenge+Set+of+Staphylococcus+aureus+Organisms&rft.au=Swenson%2C+J+M%3BWilliams%2C+P+P%3BKillgore%2C+G%3BO%27Hara%2C+C+M%3BTenover%2C+F+C&rft.aulast=Swenson&rft.aufirst=J&rft.date=2001-10-01&rft.volume=39&rft.issue=10&rft.spage=3785&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+Clinical+Microbiology&rft.issn=00951137&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Staphylococcus aureus; Antibiotic resistance; Disc-diffusion test; Agar diffusion test; Dilution tests; Oxacillin; Minimum inhibitory concentration ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Quantitative, Fluorogenic Probe PCR Assay for Detection of Human Herpesvirus 8 DNA in Clinical Specimens AN - 18140541; 5275528 AB - A quantitative, fluorescence-based PCR assay (TaqMan-based system) was developed for detection of human herpesvirus 8 (HHV-8) DNA in clinical specimens. Primers and probes chosen from each of five 10-kb segments from the unique region of the HHV-8 genome were evaluated for sensitivity with dilution series of DNA extracted from a cell line (BCBL-1) that harbors HHV-8 DNA. Although several of the primer-probe sets performed similarly with BCBL-1 DNA that had been diluted in water, their performance differed when target DNA was diluted in a constant background of uninfected cell DNA, an environment more relevant to their intended use. The two best primer-probe combinations were specific for HHV-8 relative to the other known human herpesviruses and herpesvirus saimiri, a closely related gammaherpesvirus of nonhuman primates. PCRs included an enzymatic digestion step to eliminate PCR carryover and an exogenous internal positive control that enabled discrimination of false-negative from true-negative reactions. The new assays were compared to conventional PCR assays for clinical specimens (saliva, rectal brushings, rectal swab specimens, peripheral blood lymphocytes, semen, and urine) from human immunodeficiency virus-positive patients with or without Kaposi's sarcoma. In all instances, the new assays agreed with each other and with the conventional PCR system. In addition, the quantitative results obtained with the new assays were in good agreement both for duplicate reactions in the same assay and between assays. JF - Journal of Clinical Microbiology AU - Stamey AU - Patel, M M AU - Holloway, B P AU - Pellett, P E AD - Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, 1600 Clifton Rd. G18, Atlanta, GA 30333, USA, ppellett@cdc.gov Y1 - 2001/10// PY - 2001 DA - Oct 2001 SP - 3537 EP - 3540 VL - 39 IS - 10 SN - 0095-1137, 0095-1137 KW - BCBL-1 cells KW - man KW - Microbiology Abstracts A: Industrial & Applied Microbiology; Virology & AIDS Abstracts KW - Clinical isolates KW - Human herpesvirus 8 KW - Swabs KW - Urine KW - Semen KW - Fluorometry KW - Polymerase chain reaction KW - Saliva KW - Quantitation KW - A 01114:Viruses KW - V 22121:Diagnosis UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/18140541?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologya&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Clinical+Microbiology&rft.atitle=Quantitative%2C+Fluorogenic+Probe+PCR+Assay+for+Detection+of+Human+Herpesvirus+8+DNA+in+Clinical+Specimens&rft.au=Stamey%3BPatel%2C+M+M%3BHolloway%2C+B+P%3BPellett%2C+P+E&rft.aulast=Stamey&rft.aufirst=&rft.date=2001-10-01&rft.volume=39&rft.issue=10&rft.spage=3537&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+Clinical+Microbiology&rft.issn=00951137&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Human herpesvirus 8; Clinical isolates; Polymerase chain reaction; Fluorometry; Quantitation; Saliva; Semen; Urine; Swabs ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Seeking Safe Storage: A Comparison of Drinking Water Quality in Clay and Plastic Vessels AN - 16131502; 5328640 AB - Several point-of-use water treatment interventions have shown the beneficial health effect of drinking water treated and stored in narrow-mouthed, spigoted plastic vessels designed to reduce chlorine decay and limit recontamination. However, more than 90% of the 43 000 households targeted by the Nyanza Healthy Water Project in western Kenya, Africa, preferred traditional, wide-mouthed clay vessels. In laboratory- and village-based evaluations, we compared chlorine decay and disinfection rates in turbid surface water treated and stored in locally available clay vessels and plastic jerry cans. JF - American Journal of Public Health AU - Ogutu, P AU - Garrett, V AU - Barasa, P AU - Ombeki, S AU - Mwaki, A AU - Quick, R E AD - Foodborne and Diarrheal Diseases Branch, Mail Stop A38, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA 30333, USA, rxq1@cdc.gov Y1 - 2001/10// PY - 2001 DA - Oct 2001 SP - 1610 EP - 1611 VL - 91 IS - 10 SN - 0090-0036, 0090-0036 KW - Kenya KW - chlorine KW - Pollution Abstracts; Microbiology Abstracts A: Industrial & Applied Microbiology; Water Resources Abstracts KW - Disinfection KW - Surface water KW - Water quality KW - Public health KW - households KW - Drinking Water KW - Water treatment KW - intervention KW - Water Treatment KW - Decay KW - Kenya, Nyanza KW - Houses KW - Clay KW - Water Quality KW - Storage KW - disinfection KW - Africa KW - Developing Countries KW - Chlorination KW - Drinking water KW - P 2000:FRESHWATER POLLUTION KW - SW 3060:Water treatment and distribution KW - A 01111:Personal UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16131502?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologya&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=American+Journal+of+Public+Health&rft.atitle=Seeking+Safe+Storage%3A+A+Comparison+of+Drinking+Water+Quality+in+Clay+and+Plastic+Vessels&rft.au=Ogutu%2C+P%3BGarrett%2C+V%3BBarasa%2C+P%3BOmbeki%2C+S%3BMwaki%2C+A%3BQuick%2C+R+E&rft.aulast=Ogutu&rft.aufirst=P&rft.date=2001-10-01&rft.volume=91&rft.issue=10&rft.spage=1610&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=American+Journal+of+Public+Health&rft.issn=00900036&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2003-04-01 N1 - Last updated - 2015-03-24 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Storage; Houses; Water quality; Drinking water; Public health; households; Clay; Water treatment; Surface water; intervention; disinfection; Chlorination; Decay; Disinfection; Drinking Water; Water Quality; Water Treatment; Developing Countries; Africa; Kenya, Nyanza ER - TY - JOUR T1 - New York City Department of Health response to terrorist attack, September 11, 2001. AN - 72187842; 11594721 AB - In response to two jet aircraft crashing into and causing the collapse of the 110-storied World Trade Center (WTC) towers and the subsequent destruction of nearby portions of lower Manhattan, the New York City Department of Health (NYCDOH) immediately activated its emergency response protocol, including the mobilization of an Emergency Operations Center. Surveillance, clinical, environmental, sheltering, laboratory, management information systems, and operations were among the preestablished emergency committees. Because of its proximity to the WTC site, an emergency clinic was established at NYCDOH for triage and treatment of injured persons. NYCDOH focused its initial efforts on assessing the public health and medical impact of the attack and the resources needed to respond to it such as the care and management of large numbers of persons injured or killed by the crash; subsequent fire and building collapse; the health and safety of rescue workers; the environmental health risks (e.g., asbestos, smoke, dust, or chemical inhalation); other illnesses related to the disruption of the physical infrastructure (e.g., waterborne and foodborne diseases); and mental health concerns. Despite the evacuation and relocation of NYCDOH's headquarters, the department continued essential public health services, including death registration. JF - MMWR. Morbidity and mortality weekly report AU - Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) AD - Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) Y1 - 2001/09/28/ PY - 2001 DA - 2001 Sep 28 SP - 821 EP - 822 VL - 50 IS - 38 SN - 0149-2195, 0149-2195 KW - Index Medicus KW - New York City KW - Aircraft KW - Humans KW - Disasters KW - Terrorism KW - Rescue Work KW - Public Health Administration UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/72187842?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=MMWR.+Morbidity+and+mortality+weekly+report&rft.atitle=New+York+City+Department+of+Health+response+to+terrorist+attack%2C+September+11%2C+2001.&rft.au=Centers+for+Disease+Control+and+Prevention+%28CDC%29&rft.aulast=Centers+for+Disease+Control+and+Prevention+%28CDC%29&rft.aufirst=&rft.date=2001-09-28&rft.volume=50&rft.issue=38&rft.spage=821&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=MMWR.+Morbidity+and+mortality+weekly+report&rft.issn=01492195&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 2001-10-18 N1 - Date created - 2001-10-11 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Promoting appropriate antimicrobial drug use: perspective from the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. AN - 71125796; 11524727 AB - Extending the useful life of antimicrobial drugs through appropriate use-that is, use that maximizes therapeutic impact while minimizing toxicity and the development of resistance-is an important component of efforts to prevent and control the emerging threat of antimicrobial resistance. The major paradigms of antimicrobial drug use involve acute infections in outpatients, acute infections in inpatients, chronic infections, and agriculture/veterinary medicine. The factors that influence drug use and the challenges that need to be addressed in promoting more appropriate use are different in each of these paradigms. For acute respiratory infections in outpatients, data from intervention trials suggest that concurrent multifaceted interventions may be effective in promoting appropriate drug prescribing. The next challenge is to extend these interventions to larger populations by incorporating them into routine medical practice. JF - Clinical infectious diseases : an official publication of the Infectious Diseases Society of America AU - Bell, D M AD - Office of the Director, National Center for Infectious Diseases, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA, USA. dmb1@cdc.gov Y1 - 2001/09/15/ PY - 2001 DA - 2001 Sep 15 SP - S245 EP - S250 VL - 33 Suppl 3 SN - 1058-4838, 1058-4838 KW - Anti-Infective Agents KW - 0 KW - Index Medicus KW - United States KW - Humans KW - Communicable Diseases -- drug therapy KW - Drug Resistance, Microbial KW - Respiratory Tract Infections -- drug therapy KW - Anti-Infective Agents -- therapeutic use KW - Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (U.S.) KW - Health Policy -- legislation & jurisprudence UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/71125796?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Clinical+infectious+diseases+%3A+an+official+publication+of+the+Infectious+Diseases+Society+of+America&rft.atitle=Promoting+appropriate+antimicrobial+drug+use%3A+perspective+from+the+Centers+for+Disease+Control+and+Prevention.&rft.au=Bell%2C+D+M&rft.aulast=Bell&rft.aufirst=D&rft.date=2001-09-15&rft.volume=33+Suppl+3&rft.issue=&rft.spage=S245&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Clinical+infectious+diseases+%3A+an+official+publication+of+the+Infectious+Diseases+Society+of+America&rft.issn=10584838&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 2001-12-05 N1 - Date created - 2001-08-28 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Folic acid supplements during pregnancy and risk of miscarriage. AN - 71190932; 11564486 AB - Although taking supplements that contain 400 microg of folic acid before and during early pregnancy reduces a woman's risk for having a baby with a neural-tube defect (NTD), the effects of such supplements on other pregnancy outcomes remain unclear. We examined whether the use of such supplements affects the occurrence of miscarriage. Participants were women in China who had taken part in a recent folic acid campaign to prevent NTDs and who had registered in this campaign before they became pregnant for the first time. We examined the risk for miscarriage among women who had confirmed pregnancies and who had or had not taken pills containing only 400 microg of folic acid before and during early pregnancy. The overall rate of miscarriage was 9.1% (2155/23806). The rates of miscarriage among women who had and had not taken folic acid pills before and during the first trimester were 9.0% and 9.3%, respectively (risk ratio 0.97 [95% CI 0.84-1.12]). The distributions of gestational age at pregnancy diagnosis and at miscarriage were similar for both groups of women. In this population-based study of a cohort of women whose use of folic acid supplements while pregnant had been previously documented and who had been pregnant for the first time, we found no evidence that daily consumption of 400 microg of folic acid before and during early pregnancy influenced their risk for miscarriage. JF - Lancet (London, England) AU - Gindler, J AU - Li, Z AU - Berry, R J AU - Zheng, J AU - Correa, A AU - Sun, X AU - Wong, L AU - Cheng, L AU - Erickson, J D AU - Wang, Y AU - Tong, Q AU - Jiaxing City Collaborative Project on Neural Tube Defect Prevention AD - National Center on Birth Defects and Developmental Disabilities, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA 30341-3724, USA. ; Jiaxing City Collaborative Project on Neural Tube Defect Prevention Y1 - 2001/09/08/ PY - 2001 DA - 2001 Sep 08 SP - 796 EP - 800 VL - 358 IS - 9284 SN - 0140-6736, 0140-6736 KW - Hematinics KW - 0 KW - Folic Acid KW - 935E97BOY8 KW - Abridged Index Medicus KW - Index Medicus KW - Educational Status KW - Risk Factors KW - Humans KW - China -- epidemiology KW - Cohort Studies KW - Adult KW - Body Mass Index KW - Female KW - Pregnancy KW - Abortion, Spontaneous -- chemically induced KW - Abortion, Spontaneous -- epidemiology KW - Hematinics -- adverse effects KW - Folic Acid -- adverse effects KW - Population Surveillance UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/71190932?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Lancet+%28London%2C+England%29&rft.atitle=Folic+acid+supplements+during+pregnancy+and+risk+of+miscarriage.&rft.au=Gindler%2C+J%3BLi%2C+Z%3BBerry%2C+R+J%3BZheng%2C+J%3BCorrea%2C+A%3BSun%2C+X%3BWong%2C+L%3BCheng%2C+L%3BErickson%2C+J+D%3BWang%2C+Y%3BTong%2C+Q%3BJiaxing+City+Collaborative+Project+on+Neural+Tube+Defect+Prevention&rft.aulast=Gindler&rft.aufirst=J&rft.date=2001-09-08&rft.volume=358&rft.issue=9284&rft.spage=796&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Lancet+%28London%2C+England%29&rft.issn=01406736&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 2001-10-04 N1 - Date created - 2001-09-20 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Dioxin exposure in a residential community. AN - 72252595; 11687908 AB - The Agency for Toxic Substances and Disease Registry (ATSDR) conducted biological testing to assess dioxin exposure in residents of a community who lived in an area with heavy chemical industry. Dioxin concentrations were measured in blood serum samples from 28 adult residents of the community. Fourteen of those tested had blood dioxin concentrations that exceeded the 95th percentile prediction level of an age-matched comparison population. Specific congener analyses indicated that the elevated dioxin concentrations were primarily due to high concentrations of 2,3,7,8 tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin (TCDD), 1,2,3,7,8 pentachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin (PeCDD), and hexachlorodibenzo-p-dioxins (HxCDs). Principal components analysis (PCA) indicated that the profiles of dioxin congeners were different in people with elevated blood dioxin concentrations compared to those with background concentrations. Elevated blood dioxin concentrations were detected only in older members of the population, which suggests that dioxin exposures were higher in the past. The sources of the dioxin exposure have not been identified. JF - Journal of exposure analysis and environmental epidemiology AU - Orloff, K G AU - Hewitt, D AU - Metcalf, S AU - Kathman, S AU - Lewin, M AU - Turner, W AD - Agency for Toxic Substances and Disease Registry, 1600 Clifton Road, MS-E32, Atlanta, Georgia 30333, USA. keo1@cdc.gov PY - 2001 SP - 352 EP - 358 VL - 11 IS - 5 SN - 1053-4245, 1053-4245 KW - Dioxins KW - 0 KW - Environmental Pollutants KW - Index Medicus KW - Age Factors KW - Aged, 80 and over KW - Humans KW - Adult KW - Environmental Exposure KW - Aged KW - Middle Aged KW - Male KW - Female KW - Chemical Industry KW - Registries KW - Dioxins -- blood KW - Environmental Pollutants -- blood UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/72252595?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+exposure+analysis+and+environmental+epidemiology&rft.atitle=Dioxin+exposure+in+a+residential+community.&rft.au=Orloff%2C+K+G%3BHewitt%2C+D%3BMetcalf%2C+S%3BKathman%2C+S%3BLewin%2C+M%3BTurner%2C+W&rft.aulast=Orloff&rft.aufirst=K&rft.date=2001-09-01&rft.volume=11&rft.issue=5&rft.spage=352&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+exposure+analysis+and+environmental+epidemiology&rft.issn=10534245&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 2001-12-04 N1 - Date created - 2001-11-05 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Heat-related death and mental illness during the 1999 Cincinnati heat wave. AN - 71197554; 11563746 AB - During a 1999 heat wave in Cincinnati, Ohio, the Hamilton County Coroner reported 18 heat-related deaths. The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention and the Cincinnati Department of Health conducted a case-control study using surrogate case information and first-person control information to identify risk factors for mortality during the heat wave. Surrogate data were supplemented by systematic death scene investigation reports and comprehensive toxicologic screens, important sources of data that are routinely collected by the Hamilton County Coroner's Office. The study included 17 case subjects and 34 controls from the decedents' neighborhood. Among 17 case subjects, 8 (47.1%) had mental illness (odds ratio [OR], 14.0; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.8-633). There was a suggestion of an interaction between age and mental health. A working air-conditioner was the strongest protective factor (OR, 0.03; 95% CI, 0-0.2). Toxicologic screening indicated that case subjects with reported mental illness and a prescription for psychotropic drugs may not have been medication compliant. Three decedents lived in group homes for people with mental illness, indicating that opportunities for prevention may have been missed. Systematic death investigations, including toxicologic screening, provide valuable information about the circumstances of heat-related death, particularly the role of medication compliance as a risk factor. Prevention programs during heat waves should target people with mental illness, especially those who take psychotropic medication. JF - The American journal of forensic medicine and pathology AU - Kaiser, R AU - Rubin, C H AU - Henderson, A K AU - Wolfe, M I AU - Kieszak, S AU - Parrott, C L AU - Adcock, M AD - Epidemic Intelligence Service, Epidemiology Program Office, Atlanta, Georgia, USA. rik9@cdc.gov Y1 - 2001/09// PY - 2001 DA - September 2001 SP - 303 EP - 307 VL - 22 IS - 3 SN - 0195-7910, 0195-7910 KW - Index Medicus KW - Forensic Medicine KW - Aged, 80 and over KW - Risk Factors KW - Humans KW - Adult KW - Ohio -- epidemiology KW - Disasters KW - Case-Control Studies KW - Aged KW - Middle Aged KW - Male KW - Female KW - Hot Temperature KW - Fever -- prevention & control KW - Fever -- complications KW - Fever -- mortality KW - Mental Disorders -- complications UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/71197554?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+American+journal+of+forensic+medicine+and+pathology&rft.atitle=Heat-related+death+and+mental+illness+during+the+1999+Cincinnati+heat+wave.&rft.au=Kaiser%2C+R%3BRubin%2C+C+H%3BHenderson%2C+A+K%3BWolfe%2C+M+I%3BKieszak%2C+S%3BParrott%2C+C+L%3BAdcock%2C+M&rft.aulast=Kaiser&rft.aufirst=R&rft.date=2001-09-01&rft.volume=22&rft.issue=3&rft.spage=303&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=The+American+journal+of+forensic+medicine+and+pathology&rft.issn=01957910&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 2002-02-07 N1 - Date created - 2001-09-20 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Non-fatal occupational injuries and illnesses treated in hospital emergency departments in the United States. AN - 71197415; 11565966 AB - To estimate the number and rate of occupational injuries and illnesses treated in hospital emergency departments and to characterize the nature, event, and source of injury and illness. Twenty four hour emergency departments in hospitals in the United States. Surveillance for occupational injuries and illnesses was conducted in a national probability based sample of hospital emergency departments through the National Electronic Injury Surveillance System (NEISS). Worker demographics, nature of injury and disposition, and incident circumstances were abstracted from emergency department medical records, typically within 24-72 hours of treatment. Approximately 3.6 million occupational injuries and illnesses were treated in emergency departments in 1998. Younger workers, particularly males, continue to have the highest rates of work related injuries. Together, lacerations, punctures, amputations, and avulsions represented one fourth of the emergency department treated injuries, mostly to hand and fingers. Sprains and strains, largely to the trunk, also accounted for one fourth of the injuries. The three leading injury events were contact with objects, bodily reactions and exertions, and falls. Despite apparent decreases in rates, youth continue to have a high burden of injury in the workplace. However, three fourths of all emergency department treated injuries occur to workers 20-44 years of age. Emergency department surveillance is particularly amenable to capture of young worker injuries and provides a wealth of injury details to guide prevention efforts--efforts that will likely reduce occupational injuries as these workers age. Emergency department surveillance also provides injury estimates with few demographic or employer constraints, other than the medical venue used. JF - Injury prevention : journal of the International Society for Child and Adolescent Injury Prevention AU - Jackson, L L AD - National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, Division of Safety Research, Morgantown, WV 26505, USA. LLJackson@cdc.gov Y1 - 2001/09// PY - 2001 DA - September 2001 SP - i21 EP - i26 VL - 7 Suppl 1 SN - 1353-8047, 1353-8047 KW - Index Medicus KW - Humans KW - Age Distribution KW - Population Surveillance KW - Registries KW - Risk Factors KW - Adult KW - Incidence KW - Middle Aged KW - Adolescent KW - United States -- epidemiology KW - Sex Distribution KW - Female KW - Male KW - Injury Severity Score KW - Occupational Diseases -- diagnosis KW - Wounds and Injuries -- therapy KW - Wounds and Injuries -- epidemiology KW - Accidents, Occupational -- statistics & numerical data KW - Occupational Diseases -- epidemiology KW - Emergency Service, Hospital -- utilization KW - Occupational Diseases -- therapy KW - Wounds and Injuries -- diagnosis UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/71197415?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Injury+prevention+%3A+journal+of+the+International+Society+for+Child+and+Adolescent+Injury+Prevention&rft.atitle=Non-fatal+occupational+injuries+and+illnesses+treated+in+hospital+emergency+departments+in+the+United+States.&rft.au=Jackson%2C+L+L&rft.aulast=Jackson&rft.aufirst=L&rft.date=2001-09-01&rft.volume=7+Suppl+1&rft.issue=&rft.spage=i21&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Injury+prevention+%3A+journal+of+the+International+Society+for+Child+and+Adolescent+Injury+Prevention&rft.issn=13538047&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 2002-01-24 N1 - Date created - 2001-09-21 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - SuppNotes - Cited By: J Occup Environ Med. 1999 Dec;41(12):1146-53 [10609237] J Occup Environ Med. 1998 Oct;40(10):870-5 [9800171] MMWR Morb Mortal Wkly Rep. 2001 Apr 27;50(16):313-7 [11465899] Morb Mortal Wkly Rep Surveill Summ. 1983 May;32(2):31SS-37SS [6621608] MMWR Morb Mortal Wkly Rep. 1983 Nov 18;32(45):589-91 [6415394] J Occup Med. 1992 Aug;34(8):779-87 [1387158] Am J Public Health. 1994 Apr;84(4):657-60 [8154574] Am J Ind Med. 1995 Jun;27(6):793-805 [7645574] Am J Ind Med. 1995 Jul;28(1):1-21 [7573069] Am J Ind Med. 1996 Aug;30(2):130-41 [8844042] Arch Intern Med. 1997 Jul 28;157(14):1557-68 [9236557] J Occup Environ Med. 1997 Sep;39(9):855-65 [9322169] MMWR Morb Mortal Wkly Rep. 1998 Apr 24;47(15):302-6 [9579966] Am J Ind Med. 1998 Aug;34(2):105-12 [9651619] Am J Ind Med. 2000 Aug;38(2):140-8 [10893507] N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Preventing tractor rollover fatalities: performance of the NIOSH autoROPS. AN - 71194113; 11565973 AB - Approximately 132 agricultural tractor overturn fatalities occur per year. The use of rollover protective structures (ROPS), along with seat belts, is the best known method for preventing these fatalities. One impediment to ROPS use, however, is low clearance situations, such as orchards and animal confinement buildings. To address the need for ROPS that are easily adapted to low clearance situations, the Division of Safety Research, National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH), developed an automatically deploying, telescoping ROPS (Auto-ROPS). The NIOSH AutoROPS consists of two subsystems. The first is a retractable ROPS that is normally latched in its lowered position for day-to-day use. The second subsystem is a sensor that monitors the operating angle of the tractor. Ifa rollover condition is detected by the sensor, the retracted ROPS will deploy and lock in the full upright position before ground contact. Static load testing and field upset tests of the NIOSH AutoROPS have been conducted in accordance with SAE standard J2194. Additionally, timed trials of the AutoROPS deployment mechanism were completed. The design of the retractable ROPS and sensor, as well as the results of the different testing phases are discussed. JF - Injury prevention : journal of the International Society for Child and Adolescent Injury Prevention AU - Powers, J R AU - Harris, J R AU - Etherton, J R AU - Ronaghi, M AU - Snyder, K A AU - Lutz, T J AU - Newbraugh, B H AD - National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, Division of Safety Research, Morgantown, West Virginia 26505-2888, USA. JPowers@cdc.gov Y1 - 2001/09// PY - 2001 DA - September 2001 SP - i54 EP - i58 VL - 7 Suppl 1 SN - 1353-8047, 1353-8047 KW - Index Medicus KW - United States KW - Off-Road Motor Vehicles KW - Occupational Health KW - Consumer Product Safety KW - Risk Factors KW - Humans KW - Accident Prevention KW - National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (U.S.) KW - Survival Analysis KW - Risk Assessment KW - Accidents, Occupational -- prevention & control KW - Wounds and Injuries -- epidemiology KW - Agriculture -- instrumentation KW - Protective Devices -- standards KW - Wounds and Injuries -- prevention & control KW - Accidents, Occupational -- mortality UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/71194113?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Injury+prevention+%3A+journal+of+the+International+Society+for+Child+and+Adolescent+Injury+Prevention&rft.atitle=Preventing+tractor+rollover+fatalities%3A+performance+of+the+NIOSH+autoROPS.&rft.au=Powers%2C+J+R%3BHarris%2C+J+R%3BEtherton%2C+J+R%3BRonaghi%2C+M%3BSnyder%2C+K+A%3BLutz%2C+T+J%3BNewbraugh%2C+B+H&rft.aulast=Powers&rft.aufirst=J&rft.date=2001-09-01&rft.volume=7+Suppl+1&rft.issue=&rft.spage=i54&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Injury+prevention+%3A+journal+of+the+International+Society+for+Child+and+Adolescent+Injury+Prevention&rft.issn=13538047&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 2002-01-24 N1 - Date created - 2001-09-21 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - SuppNotes - Cited By: J Agric Saf Health. 2000 Aug;6(3):215-25 [11202115] Am J Prev Med. 2000 May;18(4 Suppl):63-9 [10793282] N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Height, surface firmness, and visual reference effects on balance control. AN - 71194081; 11565972 AB - To investigate the effects of height, surface firmness, and visual reference on standing balance in construction workers. Controlled laboratory study with balanced repeated measures. Twenty four construction workers. Test subjects performed standing tasks at ground level as well as at 3 m and 9 m high balconies on firm or deformable surfaces with close visual references included or excluded from their visual field. Standing balance was determined from center of pressure as measured by a force platform. Dependent variables were root mean square of sway in medial-lateral and anterior-posterior directions, area of sway, and velocity of sway. Heights without close visual references significantly increased all sway parameters. The effect of height in conditions without close visual references increased dramatically on deformable surfaces. Elevated work environments and deformable work surfaces negatively affect balance and may be associated with increased risk of fall incidents. Appropriate close visual references increase the ability to maintain balance. JF - Injury prevention : journal of the International Society for Child and Adolescent Injury Prevention AU - Simeonov, P AU - Hsiao, H AD - National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, Division of Safety Research, Morgantown, West Virginia 26505-2888, USA. psimeonov@cdc.gov Y1 - 2001/09// PY - 2001 DA - September 2001 SP - i50 EP - i53 VL - 7 Suppl 1 SN - 1353-8047, 1353-8047 KW - Index Medicus KW - Probability KW - Occupational Health KW - Prospective Studies KW - Risk Factors KW - Humans KW - Linear Models KW - Adult KW - Middle Aged KW - Facility Design and Construction KW - Visual Acuity KW - Male KW - Surface Properties KW - Visual Perception -- physiology KW - Postural Balance -- physiology KW - Occupational Diseases -- prevention & control KW - Accidental Falls -- prevention & control KW - Wounds and Injuries -- prevention & control KW - Psychomotor Performance -- physiology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/71194081?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Injury+prevention+%3A+journal+of+the+International+Society+for+Child+and+Adolescent+Injury+Prevention&rft.atitle=Height%2C+surface+firmness%2C+and+visual+reference+effects+on+balance+control.&rft.au=Simeonov%2C+P%3BHsiao%2C+H&rft.aulast=Simeonov&rft.aufirst=P&rft.date=2001-09-01&rft.volume=7+Suppl+1&rft.issue=&rft.spage=i50&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Injury+prevention+%3A+journal+of+the+International+Society+for+Child+and+Adolescent+Injury+Prevention&rft.issn=13538047&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 2002-01-24 N1 - Date created - 2001-09-21 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - SuppNotes - Cited By: Prog Brain Res. 1988;76:253-62 [3064150] N Engl J Med. 1989 Apr 20;320(16):1055-9 [2648154] Am J Ind Med. 1997 Dec;32(6):647-55 [9358922] Brain. 1984 Dec;107 ( Pt 4):1143-63 [6509312] Acta Otolaryngol. 1980 May-Jun;89(5-6):513-23 [6969515] Acta Otolaryngol. 1980 May-Jun;89(5-6):534-40 [6969517] J Am Geriatr Soc. 1998 Nov;46(11):1363-70 [9809757] N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Fire incidents involving regulators used in portable oxygen systems. AN - 71193972; 11565969 AB - To address the causes and prevention of fire incidents involving aluminum bodied oxygen regulators used by firefighters or emergency medical technicians. The National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, the United States Food and Drug Administration, and an independent forensic investigator examined several incidents involving injury to firefighters and emergency medical technicians to determine why regulators in these incidents flashed. Data and test results from investigations revealed that aluminum was a contributing factor, and there were a number of safe handling techniques which firefighters and emergency medical technicians could use to reduce the risk of regulator fires. A provisional test method was proposed by the American Society for Testing and materials (ASTM) in late 2000 to identify designs that would have a propensity for flashing. Results of the test method show good correlation with actual fire incidents. Development of the ASTM standard and associated testing will be helpful to oxygen regulator designers to design safer oxygen regulator systems. As well, there are a number of additional safe handling procedures that firefighters and emergency medical technicians can follow to reduce the risk of a regulator fire. JF - Injury prevention : journal of the International Society for Child and Adolescent Injury Prevention AU - Washenitz, F AU - Stoltzfus, J AU - Newton, B AU - Kubinski, L AD - National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, Division of Safety Research, Morgantown, West Virginia 26505-2888, USA. fbw0@cdc.gov Y1 - 2001/09// PY - 2001 DA - September 2001 SP - i34 EP - i37 VL - 7 Suppl 1 SN - 1353-8047, 1353-8047 KW - Index Medicus KW - United States KW - Occupational Health KW - Equipment Design KW - United States Food and Drug Administration KW - Humans KW - Adult KW - Incidence KW - National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (U.S.) KW - Male KW - Female KW - Emergency Medical Technicians KW - Risk Assessment KW - Emergency Medical Services KW - Accidents, Occupational -- prevention & control KW - Consumer Product Safety KW - Accidents, Occupational -- statistics & numerical data KW - Oxygen Inhalation Therapy -- instrumentation KW - Fires -- prevention & control KW - Burns -- prevention & control KW - Burns -- etiology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/71193972?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Injury+prevention+%3A+journal+of+the+International+Society+for+Child+and+Adolescent+Injury+Prevention&rft.atitle=Fire+incidents+involving+regulators+used+in+portable+oxygen+systems.&rft.au=Washenitz%2C+F%3BStoltzfus%2C+J%3BNewton%2C+B%3BKubinski%2C+L&rft.aulast=Washenitz&rft.aufirst=F&rft.date=2001-09-01&rft.volume=7+Suppl+1&rft.issue=&rft.spage=i34&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Injury+prevention+%3A+journal+of+the+International+Society+for+Child+and+Adolescent+Injury+Prevention&rft.issn=13538047&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 2002-01-24 N1 - Date created - 2001-09-21 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - The Fatality Assessment and Control Evaluation program's role in the prevention of occupational fatalities. AN - 71193927; 11565967 AB - The objective of the Fatality Assessment and Control Evaluation (FACE) program is to prevent traumatic occupational fatalities in the United States by identifying and investigating work situations at high risk for injury and formulating and disseminating prevention strategies to those who can intervene in the workplace. The FACE program is a research program located in the Division of Safety Research, a division of the National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH). NIOSH is an agency of the United States government and is part of the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. NIOSH is responsible for conducting research and making recommendations for prevention of work related illnesses and injuries. FACE investigators conduct traumatic occupational fatality investigations throughout the United States and provide technical assistance to 15 state health or labor departments who have cooperative agreements with NIOSH to conduct traumatic fatality surveillance, targeted investigations, and prevention activities at the state level. Investigations are conducted at the worksite using the FACE model, an approach derived from the research conducted by William Haddon Jr. This approach reflects the public health perspective that the etiology of injuries is multifactorial and largely preventable. FACE investigators gather information on multiple factors that may have contributed to traumatic occupational fatalities. Information on factors associated with the agent (energy exchange, for example, thermal energy, mechanical energy, electrical energy, chemical energy), host (worker who died), and the environment (the physical and social aspects of the workplace), during the pre-event, event, and post-event time phases of the fatal incident are collected and analyzed. Organizational, behavioral, and environmental factors contributing to the death are detailed and prevention recommendations formulated and disseminated to help prevent future incidents of a similar nature. Between 1982 and the present, more than 1,500 fatality investigations have been conducted and reports with prevention recommendations distributed. Findings have been published in scientific and trade journals; safety professionals and policy makers have used FACE findings for prevention efforts; and working partnerships have been formed to address newly emerging safety concerns. FACE investigations identify multiple factors contributing to fatal occupational injuries, which lead to the formulation and dissemination of diverse strategies for preventing deaths of a similar nature. JF - Injury prevention : journal of the International Society for Child and Adolescent Injury Prevention AU - Higgins, D N AU - Casini, V J AU - Bost, P AU - Johnson, W AU - Rautiainen, R AD - Division of Safety Research, National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, Morgantown, West Virginia 26505-2888, USA. dyh4@cdc.gov Y1 - 2001/09// PY - 2001 DA - September 2001 SP - i27 EP - i33 VL - 7 Suppl 1 SN - 1353-8047, 1353-8047 KW - Index Medicus KW - Humans KW - Program Development KW - Program Evaluation KW - United States -- epidemiology KW - National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (U.S.) KW - Male KW - Female KW - Risk Assessment KW - Injury Severity Score KW - Accidents, Occupational -- prevention & control KW - Primary Prevention -- organization & administration KW - Wounds and Injuries -- prevention & control KW - Accidents, Occupational -- mortality KW - Wounds and Injuries -- mortality KW - Cause of Death UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/71193927?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Injury+prevention+%3A+journal+of+the+International+Society+for+Child+and+Adolescent+Injury+Prevention&rft.atitle=The+Fatality+Assessment+and+Control+Evaluation+program%27s+role+in+the+prevention+of+occupational+fatalities.&rft.au=Higgins%2C+D+N%3BCasini%2C+V+J%3BBost%2C+P%3BJohnson%2C+W%3BRautiainen%2C+R&rft.aulast=Higgins&rft.aufirst=D&rft.date=2001-09-01&rft.volume=7+Suppl+1&rft.issue=&rft.spage=i27&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Injury+prevention+%3A+journal+of+the+International+Society+for+Child+and+Adolescent+Injury+Prevention&rft.issn=13538047&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 2002-01-24 N1 - Date created - 2001-09-21 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - SuppNotes - Cited By: Wis Med J. 1992 Jan;91(1):43-6 [1580075] Scand J Work Environ Health. 1992;18 Suppl 2:55-7 [1514087] MMWR Morb Mortal Wkly Rep. 1993 May 7;42(17):325-9 [8479416] MMWR Morb Mortal Wkly Rep. 1996 Jul 26;45(29):624-8 [8965789] Occup Med. 1996 Apr-Jun;11(2):243-55 [8936254] MMWR Morb Mortal Wkly Rep. 1992 Mar 20;41(11):187-9 [1542293] J Occup Environ Med. 2000 Feb;42(2):156-62 [10693076] Am J Ind Med. 2001 Feb;39(2):203-8 [11170162] Am J Public Health Nations Health. 1968 Aug;58(8):1431-8 [5691377] Am J Public Health. 1991 Jun;81(6):766-8 [2029052] Minn Med. 1997 Aug;80(8):29-32 [9265823] N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Predictors of cotinine levels in US children: data from the Third National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey. AN - 71168265; 11555498 AB - To determine what factors predict cotinine levels in US children. Cross-sectional study. Nationally representative sample of 5,653 US children, both with and without reported tobacco smoke exposure in their homes. We stratified the children into those with reported passive smoke exposure at home and those without this exposure. We used regression models to predict the log of the cotinine level of the participants with the following independent covariates: age; race/ethnicity; number of rooms in the home; sex; parental education; family poverty index; family size; region; and, among children with reported passive smoke exposure, the number of cigarettes smoked in the home. Children exposed to passive smoke had a mean cotinine level of 1.66 ng/mL, and children not exposed to passive smoke had a mean level of 0.31 ng/mL. Among children with reported smoke exposure, non-Mexican-American race/ethnicity, young age, low number of rooms in the home, low parental education, and an increasing number of cigarettes smoked in the home were predictors of increased serum cotinine levels. Among children with no reported smoke exposure, significant predictors of increased cotinine levels included black race, young age, Midwest region of the United States, low number of rooms in the home, low parental education, large family size, and low family poverty index. While the reported number of cigarettes smoked in the home is the most important predictor of cotinine levels in children exposed to smoke and may provide an opportunity for clinical intervention, other demographic factors are important among children both with and without reported smoke exposure. JF - Chest AU - Mannino, D M AU - Caraballo, R AU - Benowitz, N AU - Repace, J AD - Air Pollution and Respiratory Health Branch, Division of Environmental Hazards and Health Effects, National Center for Environmental Health, Atlanta, GA 30333, USA. dmannino@cdc.gov Y1 - 2001/09// PY - 2001 DA - September 2001 SP - 718 EP - 724 VL - 120 IS - 3 SN - 0012-3692, 0012-3692 KW - Tobacco Smoke Pollution KW - 0 KW - Cotinine KW - K5161X06LL KW - Abridged Index Medicus KW - Index Medicus KW - United States KW - Socioeconomic Factors KW - Cross-Sectional Studies KW - Humans KW - Linear Models KW - Health Surveys KW - Child KW - Adolescent KW - Male KW - Female KW - Child, Preschool KW - Cotinine -- blood UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/71168265?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Chest&rft.atitle=Predictors+of+cotinine+levels+in+US+children%3A+data+from+the+Third+National+Health+and+Nutrition+Examination+Survey.&rft.au=Mannino%2C+D+M%3BCaraballo%2C+R%3BBenowitz%2C+N%3BRepace%2C+J&rft.aulast=Mannino&rft.aufirst=D&rft.date=2001-09-01&rft.volume=120&rft.issue=3&rft.spage=718&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Chest&rft.issn=00123692&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 2001-10-11 N1 - Date created - 2001-09-13 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Risk assessment for 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin (TCDD) based on an epidemiologic study. AN - 71134891; 11532787 AB - The International Agency for Research on Cancer (Lyon, France) recently concluded that 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin (TCDD) is a human carcinogen. There have been few human studies and risk assessments with quantitative exposure data. The authors previously conducted exposure-response analyses based on estimated external TCDD exposure for 3,538 US male chemical workers and found a positive trend for all cancer with increasing cumulative exposure. In the present study, 1988 data from 170 workers with both estimated external exposure and known serum TCDD levels were used to derive the relation between the two. This derived relation was used to estimate serum TCDD levels over time for all 3,538 workers, and new dose-response analyses were conducted by using cumulative serum level. A positive trend (p = 0.003) was found between estimated log cumulative TCDD serum level and cancer mortality. For males, the excess lifetime (75 years) risk of dying of cancer given a TCDD intake of 1.0 pg/kg of body weight per day, twice the background intake, was an estimated 0.05-0.9% above a background lifetime risk of cancer death of 12.4%. Data from this cohort are consistent with another epidemiologic risk assessment from Germany and support recent conclusions by the US Environmental Protection Agency. JF - American journal of epidemiology AU - Steenland, K AU - Deddens, J AU - Piacitelli, L AD - Robert A. Taft Laboratories, National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Cincinnati, OH 45226-1998, USA. kns1@cdc.gov Y1 - 2001/09/01/ PY - 2001 DA - 2001 Sep 01 SP - 451 EP - 458 VL - 154 IS - 5 SN - 0002-9262, 0002-9262 KW - Polychlorinated Dibenzodioxins KW - 0 KW - Teratogens KW - Index Medicus KW - Half-Life KW - Neoplasms -- mortality KW - Humans KW - Neoplasms -- chemically induced KW - Linear Models KW - Cohort Studies KW - Male KW - Proportional Hazards Models KW - Occupational Exposure KW - Polychlorinated Dibenzodioxins -- pharmacokinetics KW - Teratogens -- pharmacokinetics KW - Polychlorinated Dibenzodioxins -- toxicity KW - Risk Assessment -- methods UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/71134891?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=American+journal+of+epidemiology&rft.atitle=Risk+assessment+for+2%2C3%2C7%2C8-tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin+%28TCDD%29+based+on+an+epidemiologic+study.&rft.au=Steenland%2C+K%3BDeddens%2C+J%3BPiacitelli%2C+L&rft.aulast=Steenland&rft.aufirst=K&rft.date=2001-09-01&rft.volume=154&rft.issue=5&rft.spage=451&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=American+journal+of+epidemiology&rft.issn=00029262&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 2001-10-18 N1 - Date created - 2001-09-04 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - SuppNotes - Erratum In: Am J Epidemiol 2002 Jan 15;155(2):189 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Continued occurrence of Accutane-exposed pregnancies. AN - 71112444; 11514944 AB - Accutane a teratogenic prescription drug licensed to treat severe, recalcitrant nodular acne. First-trimester pregnancy exposure can cause major birth defects. The manufacturer began a Pregnancy Prevention Program (PPP) in 1988; however, exposed pregnancies continue to occur. In 1996, the manufacturer began a direct-to-consumer advertising campaign, raising concerns of more exposed pregnancies. We examined trends in Accutane use by reproductive-aged women. We also interviewed a series of 14 women in California who had recent Accutane-exposed pregnancies to identify opportunities for prevention. The estimated number of Accutane prescriptions for reproductive-aged women has more than doubled in the past 10 years; it is the most widely used teratogenic drug in the United States, with approximately 2.5 per 1,000 reproductive-aged women exposed to Accutane in 1999. One-half of the women interviewed reported seeing an advertisement for prescription acne treatment before taking Accutane. Eight of the 14 women used no contraception at the time of the exposed pregnancy; 13 of the 14 women did not use two forms of contraception. Four of the 14 women did not have pregnancy tests before starting Accutane. None reported seeing all PPP components, and four saw only the information on the pill packet. These 14 pregnancies resulted in four live infants who had no apparent birth defects, one live-born infant with multiple defects, four spontaneous abortions, and five induced abortions. The increase in Accutane use observed among females may be exacerbated by advertising. Physicians and patients must use more caution with teratogenic prescription drugs. Published 2001 Wiley-Liss, Inc. JF - Teratology AU - Honein, M A AU - Paulozzi, L J AU - Erickson, J D AD - National Center on Birth Defects and Developmental Disabilities, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia 30341-3724, USA. mrh7@cdc.gov Y1 - 2001/09// PY - 2001 DA - September 2001 SP - 142 EP - 147 VL - 64 IS - 3 SN - 0040-3709, 0040-3709 KW - Keratolytic Agents KW - 0 KW - Isotretinoin KW - EH28UP18IF KW - Index Medicus KW - Acne Vulgaris -- drug therapy KW - Contraception Behavior KW - Humans KW - Pregnancy Complications -- chemically induced KW - Pregnancy KW - Patient Education as Topic KW - Pregnancy Trimester, First KW - Abortion, Spontaneous -- chemically induced KW - Contraception KW - Adult KW - Incidence KW - Adolescent KW - Time Factors KW - Female KW - Pregnancy Outcome KW - Abnormalities, Drug-Induced -- epidemiology KW - Isotretinoin -- contraindications KW - Isotretinoin -- adverse effects KW - Abnormalities, Drug-Induced -- etiology KW - Keratolytic Agents -- adverse effects KW - Abnormalities, Drug-Induced -- prevention & control KW - Keratolytic Agents -- contraindications UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/71112444?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Teratology&rft.atitle=Continued+occurrence+of+Accutane-exposed+pregnancies.&rft.au=Honein%2C+M+A%3BPaulozzi%2C+L+J%3BErickson%2C+J+D&rft.aulast=Honein&rft.aufirst=M&rft.date=2001-09-01&rft.volume=64&rft.issue=3&rft.spage=142&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Teratology&rft.issn=00403709&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 2001-11-01 N1 - Date created - 2001-08-21 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Interpretations of a teratogen warning symbol. AN - 71108239; 11514945 AB - Warning symbols are used on teratogenic medications to communicate the message that women should (1) not take that medication if they may already be pregnant, and (2) not get pregnant while taking that medication. Communications research indicates that people interpret symbols or pictures in different ways. Other studies have shown that patients do not always receive education materials that are part of prescription protocol. Researchers at the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) tested the interpretation of the teratogen warning symbol and its ability to convey the correct information without accompanying education. A teratogen warning symbol currently printed on some medication packaging uses graphics and text warning the user not to get pregnant. Researchers interviewed women of childbearing age about their interpretation of the warning symbol and its meaning. Ninety-seven women were interviewed in a variety of locations, including public health clinics, literacy and job training offices, health clubs, and malls. Only 21% of women interpreted correctly without prompting that they should either not take the medication if they are pregnant or not get pregnant while taking the medication. Twenty-seven percent of women first thought the symbol meant the package contained birth control medication, and 24% said it simply indicated the package contained drugs or medicine. An additional 7% said they did not know what the symbol was supposed to mean; 39% of respondents offered circumstances in which prescription medications might be shared. Misinterpretation of warning symbols can result in serious consequences. This research should serve as an urgent call for mandating education for all patients receiving drugs with teratogenic properties, and careful pretesting and modification of warning symbols before they are used on medications with teratogenic effects. Published 2001 Wiley-Liss, Inc. JF - Teratology AU - Daniel, K L AU - Goldman, K D AU - Lachenmayr, S AU - Erickson, J D AU - Moore, C AD - Birth Defects and Pediatric Genetics Branch, National Center on Birth Defects and Developmental Disabilities, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia 30341, USA. kdl8@cdc.gov Y1 - 2001/09// PY - 2001 DA - September 2001 SP - 148 EP - 153 VL - 64 IS - 3 SN - 0040-3709, 0040-3709 KW - Teratogens KW - 0 KW - Index Medicus KW - United States KW - Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (U.S.) KW - Humans KW - Adult KW - Surveys and Questionnaires KW - Adolescent KW - Female KW - Pregnancy KW - Patient Education as Topic KW - Drug Labeling KW - Abnormalities, Drug-Induced -- prevention & control UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/71108239?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Teratology&rft.atitle=Interpretations+of+a+teratogen+warning+symbol.&rft.au=Daniel%2C+K+L%3BGoldman%2C+K+D%3BLachenmayr%2C+S%3BErickson%2C+J+D%3BMoore%2C+C&rft.aulast=Daniel&rft.aufirst=K&rft.date=2001-09-01&rft.volume=64&rft.issue=3&rft.spage=148&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Teratology&rft.issn=00403709&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 2001-11-01 N1 - Date created - 2001-08-21 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Vitamin A and cardiac outflow tract defects. AN - 71089215; 11505165 AB - To assess the relationship between maternal intake of vitamin A and cardiac outflow tract defects, we examined data from a population-based case-control study among liveborn infants born from 1987 through 1989 to mothers residing in the Baltimore-Washington area. Case infants (126) had a nonsyndromic cardiac outflow tract defect. Control infants (679) did not have birth defects and were a stratified random sample of liveborn infants from the same area. The main exposure was average daily maternal intake of retinol and provitamin A carotenoids from foods and supplements during the year before conception. Compared with an average intake of less than 10,000 IU, retinol intake of 10,000 IU or more from supplements was associated with a ninefold increased risk for transposition of the great arteries (odds ratio = 9.2; 95% confidence interval = 4.0-21.2), but not for outflow tract defects with normally related arteries (odds ratio = 0.8; 95% confidence interval = 0.1-6.6). Similar intakes of carotenoids and dietary retinol were not associated with an increased risk for either type of outflow tract defect. JF - Epidemiology (Cambridge, Mass.) AU - Botto, L D AU - Loffredo, C AU - Scanlon, K S AU - Ferencz, C AU - Khoury, M J AU - David Wilson, P AU - Correa, A AD - National Center on Birth Defects and Developmental Disabilities, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, 4770 Buford Highway NE, Atlanta, GA 30341, USA. Y1 - 2001/09// PY - 2001 DA - September 2001 SP - 491 EP - 496 VL - 12 IS - 5 SN - 1044-3983, 1044-3983 KW - Vitamin A KW - 11103-57-4 KW - Index Medicus KW - Risk KW - Logistic Models KW - Maternal Age KW - Humans KW - Adult KW - Infant, Newborn KW - Case-Control Studies KW - Maryland -- epidemiology KW - Female KW - Pregnancy KW - Vitamin A -- adverse effects KW - Heart Defects, Congenital -- epidemiology KW - Vitamin A -- administration & dosage KW - Heart Defects, Congenital -- etiology KW - Diet UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/71089215?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Epidemiology+%28Cambridge%2C+Mass.%29&rft.atitle=Vitamin+A+and+cardiac+outflow+tract+defects.&rft.au=Botto%2C+L+D%3BLoffredo%2C+C%3BScanlon%2C+K+S%3BFerencz%2C+C%3BKhoury%2C+M+J%3BDavid+Wilson%2C+P%3BCorrea%2C+A&rft.aulast=Botto&rft.aufirst=L&rft.date=2001-09-01&rft.volume=12&rft.issue=5&rft.spage=491&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Epidemiology+%28Cambridge%2C+Mass.%29&rft.issn=10443983&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 2001-09-20 N1 - Date created - 2001-08-15 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - SuppNotes - Comment In: Epidemiology. 2001 Sep;12(5):482-4 [11505163] N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Occupational transmission of Mycobacterium tuberculosis to health care workers in a university hospital in Lima, Peru. AN - 71064296; 11477527 AB - From November 1996 through March 1997, presumptive active pulmonary tuberculosis (TB) was detected in 44 health care workers (HCWs) at a university hospital in Lima, Peru. To further assess the magnitude of the outbreak and determine risk factors for occupational Mycobacterium tuberculosis transmission, we identified HCWs in whom active pulmonary TB was diagnosed from January 1994 through January 1998, calculated rates by year and hospital work area, and conducted a tuberculin skin test (TST) survey. Thirty-six HCWs had confirmed active pulmonary TB. The rate of TB was significantly higher among the 171 HCWs employed in the laboratory than among HCWs employed in all other areas. In multivariate analysis, the only independent risk factor for HCW M. tuberculosis infection in HWCs employed in the laboratory was the use of common staff areas. Very high rates of active pulmonary TB were detected among HCWs at this hospital, and occupational acquisition in the laboratory was associated with HCW-to-HCW transmission. JF - Clinical infectious diseases : an official publication of the Infectious Diseases Society of America AU - Alonso-Echanove, J AU - Granich, R M AU - Laszlo, A AU - Chu, G AU - Borja, N AU - Blas, R AU - Olortegui, A AU - Binkin, N J AU - Jarvis, W R AD - Epidemic Intelligence Service, Epidemiology Program Office, and Hospital Infections Program, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA 30333, USA. jee4@cdc.gov Y1 - 2001/09/01/ PY - 2001 DA - 2001 Sep 01 SP - 589 EP - 596 VL - 33 IS - 5 SN - 1058-4838, 1058-4838 KW - Index Medicus KW - Occupational Exposure -- statistics & numerical data KW - Laboratories, Hospital -- statistics & numerical data KW - Hospitals, University -- statistics & numerical data KW - Risk Factors KW - Humans KW - Adult KW - Middle Aged KW - Mycobacterium tuberculosis -- isolation & purification KW - Tuberculin Test KW - Male KW - Female KW - Peru -- epidemiology KW - Multivariate Analysis KW - Health Personnel -- statistics & numerical data KW - Infectious Disease Transmission, Patient-to-Professional -- statistics & numerical data KW - Tuberculosis, Pulmonary -- transmission KW - Tuberculosis, Pulmonary -- diagnosis KW - Infectious Disease Transmission, Patient-to-Professional -- prevention & control KW - Tuberculosis, Pulmonary -- epidemiology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/71064296?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Clinical+infectious+diseases+%3A+an+official+publication+of+the+Infectious+Diseases+Society+of+America&rft.atitle=Occupational+transmission+of+Mycobacterium+tuberculosis+to+health+care+workers+in+a+university+hospital+in+Lima%2C+Peru.&rft.au=Alonso-Echanove%2C+J%3BGranich%2C+R+M%3BLaszlo%2C+A%3BChu%2C+G%3BBorja%2C+N%3BBlas%2C+R%3BOlortegui%2C+A%3BBinkin%2C+N+J%3BJarvis%2C+W+R&rft.aulast=Alonso-Echanove&rft.aufirst=J&rft.date=2001-09-01&rft.volume=33&rft.issue=5&rft.spage=589&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Clinical+infectious+diseases+%3A+an+official+publication+of+the+Infectious+Diseases+Society+of+America&rft.issn=10584838&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 2001-11-01 N1 - Date created - 2001-08-07 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - The Role of Stachybotrys Mycotoxins in Building-Related Illness AN - 18256547; 5312163 AB - Recently there has been increased attention among both the public and health professionals regarding the potential role of mycotoxins, primarily from fungi of the genus Stachybotrys, as etiologic agents related to illness among persons exposed in the indoor (nonindustrial) environment. Recommendations for the remediation of buildings are being made based in part on reported health effects believed to be due to mycotoxins. A search of NIOSHTIC (a literature database maintained by the National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health) and MEDLINE (from 1965 to present) for literature related to fungi, mycotoxins, and the indoor environment was conducted. References from relevant articles also were reviewed. This strategy yielded a total of 13 articles. Important issues concerning exposure assessment and case definitions are inadequately addressed in the literature reviewed, making it difficult to implicate mycotoxins as a cause of building-related illness. The literature review indicates that currently there is inadequate evidence supporting a causal relationship between symptoms or illness among building occupants and exposure to mycotoxins. Research involving the identification and isolation of specific fungal toxins in the environment and in humans is needed before a more definitive link between health outcomes and mycotoxins can be made. JF - American Industrial Hygiene Association Journal AU - Page, E H AU - Trout, D B AD - Division of Surveillance, Hazard Evaluations, and Field Studies, National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, 4676 Columbia Parkway, MS R-10, Cincinnati, Ohio 45226-1998, USA, edp7@cdc.gov Y1 - 2001/09// PY - 2001 DA - Sep 2001 SP - 644 EP - 648 VL - 62 IS - 5 SN - 0002-8894, 0002-8894 KW - Microbiology Abstracts C: Algology, Mycology & Protozoology; Toxicology Abstracts; Health & Safety Science Abstracts; Pollution Abstracts KW - Sick building syndrome KW - Air quality KW - Fungi KW - Buildings KW - Mycotoxins KW - Stachybotrys KW - Indoor environments KW - X 24171:Microbial KW - K 03082:Mycotoxins KW - H 12000:Epidemiology and Public Health KW - P 6000:TOXICOLOGY AND HEALTH UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/18256547?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxicologyabstracts&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=American+Industrial+Hygiene+Association+Journal&rft.atitle=The+Role+of+Stachybotrys+Mycotoxins+in+Building-Related+Illness&rft.au=Page%2C+E+H%3BTrout%2C+D+B&rft.aulast=Page&rft.aufirst=E&rft.date=2001-09-01&rft.volume=62&rft.issue=5&rft.spage=644&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=American+Industrial+Hygiene+Association+Journal&rft.issn=00028894&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Stachybotrys; Fungi; Mycotoxins; Indoor environments; Sick building syndrome; Air quality; Buildings ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Gene Expression Profile in BALB/c-3T3 Cells Transformed With Beryllium Sulfate AN - 18136909; 5240939 AB - Differential gene expression was studied to understand the potential molecular mechanism responsible for cell transformation and tumorigenesis induced by beryllium. Cell lines were derived from tumors developed in nude mice injected subcutaneously with BALB/c-3T3 cells morphologically transformed with beryllium sulfate. Using the Atlas mouse 1.2 cDNA expression microarray, the expression profiles of 1176 genes, belonging to several different functional categories, were studied in the tumor cells as well as in the nontransformed control cells. Expression of 18 genes belonging to two functional groups was found to be consistently and reproducibly different (at least twofold) in the tumor cells compared with the control cells. The functional groups and the differentially expressed genes are as follows: The cancer-related genes (nine genes) were the ets-related transcription factor activated by ras, colony-stimulating factor, A-myb, sky, cot1, c-fos, c-jun, c-myc, and R-ras proto-oncogenes. The DNA synthesis, repair, and recombination genes (nine genes) were the DNA replication licensing factor MCM4, the DNA replication licensing factor MCM5, the DNA mismatch repair gene PMS2, the DNA excision repair gene, the DNA mismatch repair gene MSH2, the ultraviolet excision repair gene Rad23, DNA ligase 1, Rad51, and Rad52. The differential gene expression profile was confirmed with reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction using primers specific for the differentially expressed genes. In general, expression of the cancer-related genes was upregulated, while expression of genes involved in DNA synthesis, repair, and recombination was downregulated in the tumor cells compared with the control cells. Using c-fos and c-jun, two of the differentially expressed genes, as model genes, we have found that in the nontransformed BALB/c-3T3 cells, the beryllium-induced transcriptional activation of these genes was dependent on pathways of protein kinase C and mitogen-activated protein kinase and independent of reactive oxygen species. These results indicate that beryllium-induced cell transformation and tumorigenesis are accompanied by and are possibly a product of alterations in expression of genes related to cancer and to DNA synthesis, repair, and recombination. JF - Molecular Carcinogenesis AU - Joseph, P AU - Muchnok, T AU - Ong, Tong-man AD - MS 3014, Toxicology and Molecular Biology Branch, CDC/NIOSH, 1095 Willowdale Road, Morgantown, WV 26505, USA Y1 - 2001/09// PY - 2001 DA - Sep 2001 SP - 28 EP - 35 VL - 32 IS - 1 SN - 0899-1987, 0899-1987 KW - BALB/c-3T3 cells KW - gene expression KW - beryllium sulfate KW - c-Myc gene KW - c-myc gene KW - ets gene KW - ras gene KW - Toxicology Abstracts; Genetics Abstracts KW - Transformation KW - DNA biosynthesis KW - Tumorigenesis KW - c-Jun protein KW - DNA repair KW - Gene expression KW - X 24165:Biochemistry KW - G 07221:Specific chemicals UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/18136909?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxicologyabstracts&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Molecular+Carcinogenesis&rft.atitle=Gene+Expression+Profile+in+BALB%2Fc-3T3+Cells+Transformed+With+Beryllium+Sulfate&rft.au=Joseph%2C+P%3BMuchnok%2C+T%3BOng%2C+Tong-man&rft.aulast=Joseph&rft.aufirst=P&rft.date=2001-09-01&rft.volume=32&rft.issue=1&rft.spage=28&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Molecular+Carcinogenesis&rft.issn=08991987&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Transformation; Tumorigenesis; DNA repair; DNA biosynthesis; Gene expression; c-Jun protein ER - TY - JOUR T1 - The Safety and Health of Emergency Workers AN - 18100410; 5200525 AB - Emergency personnel, like all workers, carry out their duties within an environment composed of a set of discrete elements. First, there is the emergency itself. Whether a forest fire in France, a tornado in the American Midwest, or a mining disaster in Russia, the emergency imposes certain exigencies upon the responders. Second, a social structure exists with specific social units, rules, and forms of association. An emergency response, therefore, takes place within a context of prescribed behaviors, expectations, and value judgments that are sometimes in conflict with each other. Third, there is a technology that must be understood in order to accomplish group goals. If the technology itself is implicated in the emergency, the entire emergency environment may be impacted. Clearly, a breakdown in any of these elements could result in worker injury and might heighten responder stress. This paper discusses how emergency workers not only get injured but may come to experience burn-out, post-traumatic stress syndrome, or impaired work and family relationships, even though their normal work setting (the emergency) is expected to be 'abnormal'. The authors suggest areas in each of the three environmental elements that deserve further inquiry. JF - Journal of Contingencies and Crisis Management AU - Kowalski, K M AU - Vaught, C AD - Pittsburgh Research Laboratory, National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, Office for Mine Safety and Health Research, 626 Cochrans Mill Road, Pittsburgh, PA, 15236-0070, United States, kek2@cdc.gov Y1 - 2001/09// PY - 2001 DA - Sep 2001 SP - 138 EP - 143 VL - 9 IS - 3 SN - 0966-0879, 0966-0879 KW - emergency medical services KW - working conditions KW - Health & Safety Science Abstracts KW - Accidents KW - Injuries KW - Occupational safety KW - Medical personnel KW - Occupational health KW - H 1000:Occupational Safety and Health UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/18100410?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Ahealthsafetyabstracts&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Contingencies+and+Crisis+Management&rft.atitle=The+Safety+and+Health+of+Emergency+Workers&rft.au=Kowalski%2C+K+M%3BVaught%2C+C&rft.aulast=Kowalski&rft.aufirst=K&rft.date=2001-09-01&rft.volume=9&rft.issue=3&rft.spage=138&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+Contingencies+and+Crisis+Management&rft.issn=09660879&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Occupational safety; Occupational health; Injuries; Accidents; Medical personnel ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Valuing Mortality-Risk Reduction: Using Visual Aids to Improve the Validity of Contingent Valuation AN - 17745908; 5169983 AB - We investigate the validity of contingent valuation (CV) estimates of the value per statistical life (VSL). We test for sensitivity of estimated willingness to pay (WTP) to the magnitude of mortality-risk reduction and for the theoretically predicted proportionality of WTP to risk reduction using alternative visual aids to communicate risk. We find that WTP is sensitive to the magnitude of risk reduction for independent subsamples of respondents presented with each of three alternative visual aids, but not for the subsample presented with no visual aid. Estimated WTP is consistent with proportionality to risk reduction for the subsamples presented with a logarithmic scale or an array of 25,000 dots, but not for the subsample receiving a linear scale. These results suggest that CV can provide valid estimates of WTP for mortality-risk reduction if appropriate methods are used to communicate the risk change to respondents. JF - Journal of Risk and Uncertainty AU - Corso, P S AU - Hammitt, J K AU - Graham, J D AD - Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Epidemiology Program Office, Atlanta, GA 30341, pcorso@cdc.gov Y1 - 2001/09// PY - 2001 DA - Sep 2001 SP - 165 EP - 184 PB - Kluwer Academic Publishers VL - 23 IS - 2 SN - 0895-5646, 0895-5646 KW - willingness to pay KW - Risk Abstracts KW - Mortality KW - Economics KW - contingent valuation KW - Risk reduction KW - R2 23070:Economics, organization UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/17745908?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Ariskabstracts&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Risk+and+Uncertainty&rft.atitle=Valuing+Mortality-Risk+Reduction%3A+Using+Visual+Aids+to+Improve+the+Validity+of+Contingent+Valuation&rft.au=Corso%2C+P+S%3BHammitt%2C+J+K%3BGraham%2C+J+D&rft.aulast=Corso&rft.aufirst=P&rft.date=2001-09-01&rft.volume=23&rft.issue=2&rft.spage=165&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+Risk+and+Uncertainty&rft.issn=08955646&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Risk reduction; Mortality; Economics; contingent valuation ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Update: Fatal and severe liver injuries associated with rifampin and pyrazinamide for latent tuberculosis infection, and revisions in American Thoracic Society/CDC recommendations--United States, 2001. AN - 72395144; 11787580 AB - During February 12-August 24, 2001, a total of 21 cases of liver injury associated with a 2-month rifampin-pyrazinamide (RIF-PZA) regimen for the treatment of latent tuberculosis infection (LTBI) was reported to CDC. These 21 cases are in addition to two previously reported RIF-PZA-associated cases. Cases of liver injury have occurred each year since 1999. CDC also received reports of 10 cases associated with other LTBI treatment regimens; however, risk for liver injury cannot be compared among treatment regimens in part because the number of patients treated for LTBI with each treatment regimen is unknown. This report provides preliminary information about the 21 cases associated with RIF-PZA and the revised recommendations on selecting appropriate LTBI therapy for patients and monitoring the use of RIF-PZA to treat LTBI. In most instances, the 9-month isoniazid (INH) regimen is preferred for the treatment of patients with LTBI. RIF-PZA may be used in selected cases and requires more intensive clinical and laboratory monitoring than previously recommended. JF - MMWR. Morbidity and mortality weekly report AU - Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) AD - Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) Y1 - 2001/08/31/ PY - 2001 DA - 2001 Aug 31 SP - 733 EP - 735 VL - 50 IS - 34 SN - 0149-2195, 0149-2195 KW - Antitubercular Agents KW - 0 KW - Pyrazinamide KW - 2KNI5N06TI KW - Rifampin KW - VJT6J7R4TR KW - Index Medicus KW - Drug Therapy, Combination KW - Humans KW - Adult KW - Practice Guidelines as Topic KW - Aged KW - Middle Aged KW - Male KW - Female KW - Pyrazinamide -- adverse effects KW - Chemical and Drug Induced Liver Injury -- etiology KW - Pyrazinamide -- therapeutic use KW - Chemical and Drug Induced Liver Injury -- mortality KW - Tuberculosis -- drug therapy KW - Rifampin -- adverse effects KW - Rifampin -- therapeutic use KW - Antitubercular Agents -- adverse effects KW - Antitubercular Agents -- therapeutic use UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/72395144?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=MMWR.+Morbidity+and+mortality+weekly+report&rft.atitle=Update%3A+Fatal+and+severe+liver+injuries+associated+with+rifampin+and+pyrazinamide+for+latent+tuberculosis+infection%2C+and+revisions+in+American+Thoracic+Society%2FCDC+recommendations--United+States%2C+2001.&rft.au=Centers+for+Disease+Control+and+Prevention+%28CDC%29&rft.aulast=Centers+for+Disease+Control+and+Prevention+%28CDC%29&rft.aufirst=&rft.date=2001-08-31&rft.volume=50&rft.issue=34&rft.spage=733&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=MMWR.+Morbidity+and+mortality+weekly+report&rft.issn=01492195&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 2002-01-17 N1 - Date created - 2002-01-11 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Requirements for facilities transferring or receiving select agents. Final rule. AN - 72331522; 11757572 AB - CDC administers regulations that govern the transfer of certain biological agents and toxins ("select agents"). These regulations require entities that transfer or receive select agents to register with CDC and comply with biosafety standards contained in the Third Edition of the CDC/NIH publication "Biosafety in Microbiological and Biomedical Laboratories ("BMBL")." On October 28,1999, CDC published a Notice of Proposed Rulemaking ("NPRM") seeking both to revise the biosafety standards facilities must follow when handling select agents and to provide new biosecurity standards for such facilities. These new standards are contained in the Fourth Edition of BMBL, which the NPRM proposed to incorporate by reference, thereby replacing the Third Edition. No comments were received in response to this proposal. CDC is therefore amending its regulations to incorporate the Fourth Edition. JF - Federal register AU - Center for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), Department of Health and Human Services (HHS) AD - Center for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), Department of Health and Human Services (HHS) Y1 - 2001/08/31/ PY - 2001 DA - 2001 Aug 31 SP - 45944 EP - 45945 VL - 66 IS - 170 SN - 0097-6326, 0097-6326 KW - Hazardous Substances KW - 0 KW - Toxins, Biological KW - Health technology assessment KW - United States KW - Humans KW - Commerce -- legislation & jurisprudence KW - Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (U.S.) KW - Hazardous Substances -- standards KW - Laboratories -- legislation & jurisprudence KW - Laboratories -- standards KW - Commerce -- standards UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/72331522?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Federal+register&rft.atitle=Requirements+for+facilities+transferring+or+receiving+select+agents.+Final+rule.&rft.au=Center+for+Disease+Control+and+Prevention+%28CDC%29%2C+Department+of+Health+and+Human+Services+%28HHS%29&rft.aulast=Center+for+Disease+Control+and+Prevention+%28CDC%29&rft.aufirst=Department+of+Health+and+Human+Services&rft.date=2001-08-31&rft.volume=66&rft.issue=170&rft.spage=45944&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Federal+register&rft.issn=00976326&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 2001-12-28 N1 - Date created - 2001-12-05 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - CPAPER T1 - Cholesterol and blood pressure in children: Ten years after the NCEP and the task force reports AN - 39504260; 3619625 AU - Labarthe, D Y1 - 2001/08/24/ PY - 2001 DA - 2001 Aug 24 KW - CPI, Conference Papers Index KW - U 4300:Environmental Science KW - U 2000:Biology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/39504260?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Acpi&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=conference&rft.jtitle=&rft.atitle=Cholesterol+and+blood+pressure+in+children%3A+Ten+years+after+the+NCEP+and+the+task+force+reports&rft.au=Labarthe%2C+D&rft.aulast=Labarthe&rft.aufirst=D&rft.date=2001-08-24&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - SuppNotes - Availability: Canadian Society for Epidemiology and Biostatistics, ; URL: www.cseb.ca N1 - Last updated - 2010-05-03 ER - TY - CPAPER T1 - Epidemiology of sexual transmission AN - 39504097; 3619571 AU - Paxton, L Y1 - 2001/08/24/ PY - 2001 DA - 2001 Aug 24 KW - CPI, Conference Papers Index KW - U 4300:Environmental Science KW - U 2000:Biology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/39504097?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Acpi&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=conference&rft.jtitle=&rft.atitle=Epidemiology+of+sexual+transmission&rft.au=Paxton%2C+L&rft.aulast=Paxton&rft.aufirst=L&rft.date=2001-08-24&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - SuppNotes - Availability: Canadian Society for Epidemiology and Biostatistics, ; URL: www.cseb.ca N1 - Last updated - 2010-05-03 ER - TY - CPAPER T1 - Surveillance for foodborne pathogens: Commodity-specific attribution and opportunities for prevention and control AN - 39396818; 3619583 AU - Angulo, F Y1 - 2001/08/24/ PY - 2001 DA - 2001 Aug 24 KW - CPI, Conference Papers Index KW - U 4300:Environmental Science KW - U 2000:Biology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/39396818?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Acpi&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=conference&rft.jtitle=&rft.atitle=Surveillance+for+foodborne+pathogens%3A+Commodity-specific+attribution+and+opportunities+for+prevention+and+control&rft.au=Angulo%2C+F&rft.aulast=Angulo&rft.aufirst=F&rft.date=2001-08-24&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - SuppNotes - Availability: Canadian Society for Epidemiology and Biostatistics, ; URL: www.cseb.ca N1 - Last updated - 2010-05-03 ER - TY - CPAPER T1 - Never a null moment - Epidemiology in the world of vaccine-preventable diseases AN - 39395249; 3619518 AU - Orenstein, W Y1 - 2001/08/24/ PY - 2001 DA - 2001 Aug 24 KW - CPI, Conference Papers Index KW - U 4300:Environmental Science KW - U 2000:Biology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/39395249?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Acpi&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=conference&rft.jtitle=&rft.atitle=Never+a+null+moment+-+Epidemiology+in+the+world+of+vaccine-preventable+diseases&rft.au=Orenstein%2C+W&rft.aulast=Orenstein&rft.aufirst=W&rft.date=2001-08-24&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - SuppNotes - Availability: Canadian Society for Epidemiology and Biostatistics, ; URL: www.cseb.ca N1 - Last updated - 2010-05-03 ER - TY - CPAPER T1 - Field epidemiology and laboratory methods to assess risk when genetically modified corn inadvertently entered the food supply AN - 39353709; 3619586 AU - Rubin, C Y1 - 2001/08/24/ PY - 2001 DA - 2001 Aug 24 KW - CPI, Conference Papers Index KW - U 4300:Environmental Science KW - U 2000:Biology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/39353709?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Acpi&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=conference&rft.jtitle=&rft.atitle=Field+epidemiology+and+laboratory+methods+to+assess+risk+when+genetically+modified+corn+inadvertently+entered+the+food+supply&rft.au=Rubin%2C+C&rft.aulast=Rubin&rft.aufirst=C&rft.date=2001-08-24&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - SuppNotes - Availability: Canadian Society for Epidemiology and Biostatistics, ; URL: www.cseb.ca N1 - Last updated - 2010-05-03 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Botulism outbreak associated with eating fermented food--Alaska, 2001. AN - 72392391; 11785568 AB - On January 18, 2001, the Alaska Division of Public Health was informed by a local physician of a possible botulism outbreak in a southwest Alaska village. This report summarizes the findings of the outbreak investigation, which linked disease to eating fermented food, and describes a new botulism prevention program in Alaska. JF - MMWR. Morbidity and mortality weekly report AU - Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) AD - Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) Y1 - 2001/08/17/ PY - 2001 DA - 2001 Aug 17 SP - 680 EP - 682 VL - 50 IS - 32 SN - 0149-2195, 0149-2195 KW - Index Medicus KW - Animals KW - Fermentation KW - Humans KW - Alaska -- epidemiology KW - Meat -- microbiology KW - Rodentia KW - Food Preservation KW - Botulism -- prevention & control KW - Food Handling KW - Botulism -- epidemiology KW - Disease Outbreaks UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/72392391?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=MMWR.+Morbidity+and+mortality+weekly+report&rft.atitle=Botulism+outbreak+associated+with+eating+fermented+food--Alaska%2C+2001.&rft.au=Centers+for+Disease+Control+and+Prevention+%28CDC%29&rft.aulast=Centers+for+Disease+Control+and+Prevention+%28CDC%29&rft.aufirst=&rft.date=2001-08-17&rft.volume=50&rft.issue=32&rft.spage=680&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=MMWR.+Morbidity+and+mortality+weekly+report&rft.issn=01492195&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 2002-01-17 N1 - Date created - 2002-01-10 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Surveillance for meningococcal disease and strategies for use of conjugate meningococcal vaccines in the United States AN - 18100613; 5183984 AB - Neisseria meningitidis is a leading cause of bacterial meningitis in US; new capsular type-specific conjugate vaccines offer an opportunity for improved control of meningococcal disease. We evaluated the relative burdens of invasive meningococcal disease in US and examined the projected impact of various meningococcal conjugate vaccination strategies on rates of meningococcal disease. Meningococcal disease incidence rates were determined from active, population-based surveillance in selected US areas. Models were created to determine impact of vaccination of infants, toddlers, adolescents or college students with meningococcal conjugate vaccines, with assumptions for vaccine coverage, efficacy and duration of protection. Although we examined possible conjugate vaccine formulations including serogroups A, C, Y and W-135, the final vaccine impact analysis excluded serogroups A and W-135. Outcome measures were cumulative meningococcal disease incidence, and incidence 10 years after initiating vaccination among 0-22-year-olds. In models of serogroup C + Y meningococcal conjugate vaccination of infants, toddlers and adolescents, the cumulative incidence of meningococcal disease was reduced by 54, 48 and 25%, respectively; the toddler strategy had the greatest impact per dose. After 10 years of routine meningococcal conjugate vaccination, meningococcal disease could be reduced by 50% and deaths by 64%. Use of meningococcal conjugate vaccine could markedly reduce meningococcal disease incidence. Our data, along with vaccine formulation and vaccination program considerations, will be important in determining the optimal choice of vaccination strategy. JF - Vaccine AU - Lingappa, J R AU - Rosenstein, N AU - Zell, E R AU - Shutt, KA AU - Schuchat, A AU - Perkins, BA AD - Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Mailstop C-09, 1600 Clifton Road, NE, Atlanta, GA 30333, USA, JWL8@cdc.gov Y1 - 2001/08/14/ PY - 2001 DA - 2001 Aug 14 SP - 4566 EP - 4575 VL - 19 IS - 31 SN - 0264-410X, 0264-410X KW - man KW - Microbiology Abstracts B: Bacteriology; Immunology Abstracts KW - USA KW - Adolescence KW - Vaccines KW - Neisseria meningitidis KW - Children KW - Infants KW - J 02834:Vaccination and immunization KW - F 06807:Active immunization UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/18100613?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologyb&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Vaccine&rft.atitle=Surveillance+for+meningococcal+disease+and+strategies+for+use+of+conjugate+meningococcal+vaccines+in+the+United+States&rft.au=Lingappa%2C+J+R%3BRosenstein%2C+N%3BZell%2C+E+R%3BShutt%2C+KA%3BSchuchat%2C+A%3BPerkins%2C+BA&rft.aulast=Lingappa&rft.aufirst=J&rft.date=2001-08-14&rft.volume=19&rft.issue=31&rft.spage=4566&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Vaccine&rft.issn=0264410X&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Neisseria meningitidis; USA; Vaccines; Infants; Children; Adolescence ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Identification and characterization of a high-affinity zinc uptake system in Neisseria gonorrhoeae. AN - 71098697; 11506909 AB - A search of the gonococcal genome database using the known zinc-binding protein (znuA) sequences from Escherichia coli and Haemophilus influenzae identified an open reading frame encoding a putative gonococcal ZnuA. The consensus amino acid sequence of this open reading frame possessed a characteristic 30-amino acid histidine-rich metal-binding motif (repetitive HDH sequence) containing 43% histidine and 37% aspartic acid and glutamic acid. Subsequently, two adjacent open reading frames with homology to E. coli and H. influenzae znuB and znuC were located upstream of znuA. When partially purified from sonicated cell-free supernatants by CM-Sepharose chromatography, the mature gonococcal ZnuA had an estimated molecular mass of 38 kDa by SDS-PAGE. The presence of a DNA sequence encoding a 19-amino acid signal peptide and the solubility of the mature ZnuA suggested that this protein was located in the periplasm. Inactivation of the Neisseria gonorrhoeae F62 znuA by insertional mutagenesis resulted in a mutant that had a growth rate lower than that of the wild-type parent strain and that required high concentrations of ZnCl2 (> or = 200 microM) for optimal growth. Using a chemically defined agar medium, the gonococcal ZnuA mutant grew only in the presence of Zn(2+), whereas Mg(2+), Ca(2+), Ni(2+), Fe(2+), Cu(2+), Mn(2+) and Cd(2+) had either no effect or were growth inhibitory. JF - FEMS microbiology letters AU - Chen, C Y AU - Morse, S A AD - Division of AIDS, STD, and TB Laboratory Research, National Center for Infectious Diseases, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Mail stop: G-39, 1600 Clifton Rd., Atlanta, GA 30333, USA. cycl@cdc.gov Y1 - 2001/08/07/ PY - 2001 DA - 2001 Aug 07 SP - 67 EP - 71 VL - 202 IS - 1 SN - 0378-1097, 0378-1097 KW - Bacterial Proteins KW - 0 KW - Carrier Proteins KW - Cation Transport Proteins KW - ZnuA protein, Neisseria gonorrhoeae KW - Zinc KW - J41CSQ7QDS KW - Index Medicus KW - Databases, Nucleic Acid KW - Electrophoresis, Polyacrylamide Gel KW - Genetic Vectors KW - Molecular Sequence Data KW - Biological Transport KW - Escherichia coli -- genetics KW - Amino Acid Sequence KW - Sequence Homology KW - Open Reading Frames -- genetics KW - Cloning, Molecular KW - Bacterial Proteins -- genetics KW - Carrier Proteins -- metabolism KW - Neisseria gonorrhoeae -- growth & development KW - Carrier Proteins -- chemistry KW - Carrier Proteins -- genetics KW - Bacterial Proteins -- metabolism KW - Zinc -- metabolism KW - Bacterial Proteins -- isolation & purification KW - Carrier Proteins -- isolation & purification KW - Neisseria gonorrhoeae -- drug effects KW - Zinc -- pharmacology KW - Neisseria gonorrhoeae -- metabolism KW - Bacterial Proteins -- chemistry KW - Neisseria gonorrhoeae -- genetics UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/71098697?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=FEMS+microbiology+letters&rft.atitle=Identification+and+characterization+of+a+high-affinity+zinc+uptake+system+in+Neisseria+gonorrhoeae.&rft.au=Chen%2C+C+Y%3BMorse%2C+S+A&rft.aulast=Chen&rft.aufirst=C&rft.date=2001-08-07&rft.volume=202&rft.issue=1&rft.spage=67&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=FEMS+microbiology+letters&rft.issn=03781097&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 2002-03-25 N1 - Date created - 2001-08-16 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Genetic sequence - AE004969; GENBANK N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - The Vaccine Safety Datalink project. AN - 72407110; 11802585 AB - The Vaccine Safety Datalink (VSD) is a collaborative project between the National Immunization Program of the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) and several large health maintenance organizations (HMOs) in the United States. The project began in 1990 with the primary purpose of rigorously evaluating concerns about the safety of vaccines. Computerized data on vaccination, medical outcome (e.g. hospital discharge, outpatient visits, emergency room visits, and deaths), and covariate data (e.g. birth certificates and census) are prospectively collected at multiple HMOs (initially four) and linked under joint protocol for analyses. Approximately 6 million people (2% of the US population) are members of HMOs participating in the VSD. The VSD has proven to be a valuable resource that has provided important information on a number of vaccine safety issues. The databases and infrastructure created for the VSD have also provided opportunities to address other immunization questions including vaccination coverage and cost-effectiveness. In a recent investigation of intussusception following rotavirus vaccination, the VSD methodology was expanded to include 10 managed care organizations. A cohort study was conducted that allowed estimation of incidence rates of intussusception and attributable risks associated with rotavirus vaccine. JF - Pharmacoepidemiology and drug safety AU - DeStefano, F AU - Vaccine Safety Datalink Research Group AD - National Immunization Program (MS-F34), Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA 30341, USA. fxd1@cdc.gov ; Vaccine Safety Datalink Research Group PY - 2001 SP - 403 EP - 406 VL - 10 IS - 5 SN - 1053-8569, 1053-8569 KW - Measles-Mumps-Rubella Vaccine KW - 0 KW - Rotavirus Vaccines KW - Rubella Vaccine KW - Vaccines KW - Index Medicus KW - United States KW - Humans KW - Child KW - Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (U.S.) -- organization & administration KW - Risk Assessment KW - Health Maintenance Organizations -- organization & administration KW - Meningitis, Aseptic -- chemically induced KW - Product Surveillance, Postmarketing -- methods KW - Intussusception -- chemically induced KW - Measles-Mumps-Rubella Vaccine -- adverse effects KW - Product Surveillance, Postmarketing -- economics KW - Cost-Benefit Analysis KW - Rotavirus Vaccines -- adverse effects KW - Rubella Vaccine -- adverse effects KW - Vaccination -- adverse effects KW - Community Health Planning -- organization & administration KW - Female KW - Vaccines -- adverse effects KW - Databases as Topic KW - Adverse Drug Reaction Reporting Systems -- statistics & numerical data UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/72407110?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Pharmacoepidemiology+and+drug+safety&rft.atitle=The+Vaccine+Safety+Datalink+project.&rft.au=DeStefano%2C+F%3BVaccine+Safety+Datalink+Research+Group&rft.aulast=DeStefano&rft.aufirst=F&rft.date=2001-08-01&rft.volume=10&rft.issue=5&rft.spage=403&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Pharmacoepidemiology+and+drug+safety&rft.issn=10538569&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 2002-08-02 N1 - Date created - 2002-01-22 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Awareness and use of untested barrier methods by HIV-seropositive gay and bisexual men. AN - 71182260; 11565589 AB - Little is known about HIV-seropositive men's awareness and use of untested barrier methods during anal intercourse. A sample of 240 HIV-seropositive men (69.2% men of color) completed a self-administered survey that included items on nonoxynol-9 (N-9), female condoms, and the simultaneous use of two male condoms (double bagging). Most participants (79.6%) had heard of N-9 being used to prevent HIV transmission during anal intercourse. Of these, 20.0% rated N-9 as more effective than condoms, and 14.6% had used N-9 instead of condoms. Fewer men (35.4%) were aware of female condoms being used during anal intercourse. Overall, few respondents (5.4%) had used female condoms; 53.8% of whom rated the device as more pleasurable than male condoms. Most men (69.6%) had heard of double bagging, and 35.2% had engaged in this practice. Of these, 45.1% rated the practice as less pleasurable than using a single condom. Few associations were observed between participant characteristics and the awareness or use of these barrier methods. The widespread use of these untested methods emphasizes the urgent need to further educate HIV-seropositive men about the potential risks of N-9 use and to test the effectiveness of other strategies that may serve as alternatives to male condom use. JF - AIDS education and prevention : official publication of the International Society for AIDS Education AU - Wolitski, R J AU - Halkitis, P N AU - Parsons, J T AU - Gómez, C A AD - Behavioral Intervention Research Branch, Division of HIV/AIDS Prevention, National Center for HIV, STD, TB Prevention, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA 30333, USA. RWolitski@cdc.gov Y1 - 2001/08// PY - 2001 DA - August 2001 SP - 291 EP - 301 VL - 13 IS - 4 SN - 0899-9546, 0899-9546 KW - Spermatocidal Agents KW - 0 KW - Nonoxynol KW - 26027-38-3 KW - Index Medicus KW - AIDS/HIV KW - United States KW - Socioeconomic Factors KW - New York City -- epidemiology KW - Humans KW - Nonoxynol -- therapeutic use KW - Interviews as Topic KW - San Francisco -- epidemiology KW - Spermatocidal Agents -- therapeutic use KW - Male KW - Condoms -- utilization KW - Bisexuality -- statistics & numerical data KW - HIV Seropositivity -- psychology KW - HIV Infections -- prevention & control KW - Health Knowledge, Attitudes, Practice KW - Safe Sex -- psychology KW - Homosexuality, Male -- statistics & numerical data KW - HIV Infections -- psychology KW - Bisexuality -- psychology KW - Homosexuality, Male -- psychology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/71182260?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=AIDS+education+and+prevention+%3A+official+publication+of+the+International+Society+for+AIDS+Education&rft.atitle=Awareness+and+use+of+untested+barrier+methods+by+HIV-seropositive+gay+and+bisexual+men.&rft.au=Wolitski%2C+R+J%3BHalkitis%2C+P+N%3BParsons%2C+J+T%3BG%C3%B3mez%2C+C+A&rft.aulast=Wolitski&rft.aufirst=R&rft.date=2001-08-01&rft.volume=13&rft.issue=4&rft.spage=291&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=AIDS+education+and+prevention+%3A+official+publication+of+the+International+Society+for+AIDS+Education&rft.issn=08999546&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 2002-01-24 N1 - Date created - 2001-09-21 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Effect of exposure to diesel exhaust particles on the susceptibility of the lung to infection. AN - 71151436; 11544172 AB - There are at least three mechanisms by which alveolar macrophages play a critical role in protecting the lung from bacterial or viral infections: production of inflammatory cytokines that recruit and activate lung phagocytes, production of antimicrobial reactive oxidant species, and production of interferon (an antiviral agent). In this article we summarize data concerning the effect of exposure to diesel exhaust particles on these alveolar macrophage functions and the role of adsorbed organic chemicals compared to the carbonaceous core in the toxicity of diesel particles. In vitro exposure of rat alveolar macrophages to diesel exhaust particles decreased the ability of lipopolysaccharide (LPS), a bacterial product] to stimulate the production of inflammatory cytokines interleukin-1 (IL-1) and tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-alpha). Methanol extract exhibited this potential but methanol-washed diesel particles did not. Exposure of rats to diesel exhaust particles by intratracheal instillation also decreased LPS-induced TNF-alpha and IL-1 production from alveolar macrophages. In contrast, carbon black did not exhibit this inhibitory effect. Exposure of rats to diesel exhaust particles by inhalation decreased the ability of alveolar macrophages to produce antimicrobial reactive oxidant species in response to zymosan (a fungal component). In contrast, exposure to coal dust increased zymosan-stimulated oxidant production. In vivo exposure to diesel exhaust particles but not to carbon black decreased the ability of the lungs to clear bacteria. Inhalation exposure of mice to diesel exhaust particles but not to coal dust depressed the ability of the lung to produce the antiviral agent interferon and increased viral multiplication in the lung. These results support the hypothesis that exposure to diesel exhaust particles increases the susceptibility of the lung to infection by depressing the antimicrobial potential of alveolar macrophages. This inhibitory effect appears to be due to adsorbed organic chemicals rather than the carbonaceous core of the diesel particles. JF - Environmental health perspectives AU - Castranova, V AU - Ma, J Y AU - Yang, H M AU - Antonini, J M AU - Butterworth, L AU - Barger, M W AU - Roberts, J AU - Ma, J K AD - National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, Morgantown, West Virginia 26505, USA. vic1@cdc.gov Y1 - 2001/08// PY - 2001 DA - August 2001 SP - 609 EP - 612 VL - 109 Suppl 4 SN - 0091-6765, 0091-6765 KW - Air Pollutants, Occupational KW - 0 KW - Gasoline KW - Interleukin-1 KW - Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha KW - Vehicle Emissions KW - Carbon KW - 7440-44-0 KW - Index Medicus KW - Specific Pathogen-Free Organisms KW - Animals KW - Disease Models, Animal KW - Mice KW - Air Pollutants, Occupational -- toxicity KW - Rats KW - Listeria monocytogenes -- drug effects KW - Orthomyxoviridae -- drug effects KW - Rats, Sprague-Dawley KW - Interleukin-1 -- metabolism KW - Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha -- drug effects KW - Carbon -- toxicity KW - Female KW - Male KW - Vehicle Emissions -- toxicity KW - Respiratory Tract Infections -- etiology KW - Gasoline -- toxicity KW - Macrophages, Alveolar -- drug effects UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/71151436?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Environmental+health+perspectives&rft.atitle=Effect+of+exposure+to+diesel+exhaust+particles+on+the+susceptibility+of+the+lung+to+infection.&rft.au=Castranova%2C+V%3BMa%2C+J+Y%3BYang%2C+H+M%3BAntonini%2C+J+M%3BButterworth%2C+L%3BBarger%2C+M+W%3BRoberts%2C+J%3BMa%2C+J+K&rft.aulast=Castranova&rft.aufirst=V&rft.date=2001-08-01&rft.volume=109+Suppl+4&rft.issue=&rft.spage=609&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Environmental+health+perspectives&rft.issn=00916765&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 2001-10-18 N1 - Date created - 2001-09-06 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - SuppNotes - Cited By: Am J Physiol. 1978 Sep;235(3):C103-8 [211851] J Clin Invest. 1973 Mar;52(3):741-4 [4346473] Chest. 1979 Feb;75(2 Suppl):280-2 [436475] Nature. 1983 Sep 15-21;305(5931):239-40 [6412144] Environ Res. 1985 Apr;36(2):405-19 [2579806] Environ Res. 1985 Jun;37(1):44-60 [2581774] J Immunol. 1987 Mar 15;138(6):1786-90 [3029221] Lab Invest. 1987 Mar;56(3):234-48 [3029503] Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1988 Mar;85(5):1620-3 [3125553] J Leukoc Biol. 1988 May;43(5):429-35 [3163717] Adv Immunol. 1989;44:153-205 [2466396] Exp Lung Res. 1989 May;15(3):429-45 [2472956] Res Rep Health Eff Inst. 1987;(10):3-22 [2478161] Am Rev Respir Dis. 1990 Feb;141(2):471-501 [2405761] Infect Immun. 1990 Jun;58(6):1572-6 [2341167] Am Rev Respir Dis. 1991 Sep;144(3 Pt 1):668-74 [1892309] N Engl J Med. 1993 Dec 9;329(24):1753-9 [8179653] Annu Rev Public Health. 1994;15:107-32 [8054077] Am J Respir Crit Care Med. 1995 Mar;151(3 Pt 1):669-74 [7881654] Toxicol Lett. 1995 Dec;82-83:483-9 [8597099] J Air Waste Manag Assoc. 1996 Oct;46(10):927-39 [8875828] Exp Lung Res. 1997 May-Jun;23(3):269-84 [9184793] J Toxicol Environ Health A. 1999 Nov 12;58(5):261-78 [10598952] Am Rev Respir Dis. 1970 Nov;102(5):691-703 [5475670] Fed Proc. 1978 Nov;37(13):2759-64 [213318] N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Characterization of asphalt fume composition under simulated road paving conditions by GC/MS and microflow LC/quadrupole time-of-flight MS. AN - 71101526; 11510836 AB - A highly sensitive, selective, and reliable analytical method has been developed and validated for characterization of asphalt fume generated under simulated road paving conditions. A dynamic asphalt fume generation system was modified to provide consistent test atmospheres at simulated asphalt road paving conditions. In the process of fume generation, asphalt was initially preheated in an oven to 170 degrees C, pumped to a large kettle, which maintained the asphalt temperature between 150 and 170 degrees C, and then transferred to the generator. The fume was conducted from the generator to an exposure chamber through a heated transfer line. Characterization of the asphalt fume test atmospheres included the following: (1) determination of the consistency of the asphalt aerosol composition within the generation system; (2) quantification of total organic matter of the asphalt fume by electron impact ionization of isotope dilution gas chromatography/ mass spectrometry); and (3) identification of individual priority polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) in asphalt fume by selected ion monitoring. With the developed method, asphalt fumes could be characterized into three fractions: (1) filter collection of a large molecular size fraction over a range of mass-to-charge (m/z) ratios of 173-309; (2) XAD-2 trapping of a medium molecular size fraction over a range of m/z ratios of 121-197; and (3) charcoal trapping of a small molecular size fraction that contained mainly the volatile vapor fraction over a range of m/z ratios of 57-141. Total organic matter of the asphalt fume was quantified over the 5 exposure days. Sixteen specific priority PAHs were monitored and identified. These PAHs were determined at trace levels on the filter fraction. A novel approach, which utilizes collision-induced dissociation of fragmentation pathway leading to a characteristic fragmentation pattern by coupling microflow liquid chromatography to atmospheric pressure chemical ionization of quadrupole time-of-flight mass spectrometry, was used to further clarify the trace amount of key components present in simulated road paving asphalt fumes. These results demonstrate that asphalt fume composition could be characterized and specific priority PAHs could be identified by this method. The major advantages of this method are its highly sensitivity, selectivity, and reliability for chemical hazard characterization in a complex mixture. This method is suitable for support toxicity studies using simulated occupational exposure to asphalt fumes. JF - Analytical chemistry AU - Wang, J AU - Lewis, D M AU - Castranova, V AU - Frazer, D G AU - Goldsmith, T AU - Tomblyn, S AU - Simpson, J AU - Stone, S AU - Afshari, A AU - Siegel, P D AD - National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, US Department of Health and Human Services, Morgantown, West Virginia 26505, USA. juw9@cdc.gov Y1 - 2001/08/01/ PY - 2001 DA - 2001 Aug 01 SP - 3691 EP - 3700 VL - 73 IS - 15 SN - 0003-2700, 0003-2700 KW - Carcinogens, Environmental KW - 0 KW - Hydrocarbons KW - Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons KW - asphalt KW - 8052-42-4 KW - Index Medicus KW - Mass Spectrometry KW - Chromatography, Gas KW - Chromatography, Liquid KW - Hydrocarbons -- analysis KW - Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons -- analysis KW - Carcinogens, Environmental -- analysis UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/71101526?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Analytical+chemistry&rft.atitle=Characterization+of+asphalt+fume+composition+under+simulated+road+paving+conditions+by+GC%2FMS+and+microflow+LC%2Fquadrupole+time-of-flight+MS.&rft.au=Wang%2C+J%3BLewis%2C+D+M%3BCastranova%2C+V%3BFrazer%2C+D+G%3BGoldsmith%2C+T%3BTomblyn%2C+S%3BSimpson%2C+J%3BStone%2C+S%3BAfshari%2C+A%3BSiegel%2C+P+D&rft.aulast=Wang&rft.aufirst=J&rft.date=2001-08-01&rft.volume=73&rft.issue=15&rft.spage=3691&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Analytical+chemistry&rft.issn=00032700&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 2001-12-05 N1 - Date created - 2001-08-20 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - CONF T1 - Intussusception, infection, and immunization: summary of a workshop on rotavirus. AN - 71070353; 11483847 AB - This article summarizes the proceedings of a workshop sponsored by the National Institutes of Health and the National Vaccine Program Office, and held in Bethesda, Maryland, on January 21, 2000. The objective of the meeting was to focus research toward an understanding of the basis for the possible association between intussusception and the reassortant rhesus-human rotavirus vaccine tetravalent (RRV-TV). After numerous reports of intussusception after administration of RRV-TV, the manufacturers of this vaccine voluntarily withdrew it from the United States market. The American Academy of Pediatrics, the Advisory Committee on Immunization Practices, and the American Academy of Family Physicians also withdrew their original recommendations for administration of RRV-TV to children at 2, 4, and 6 months of age. These actions will have global implications for the prevention of morbidity and mortality attributable to rotavirus infection. Benefit-cost ratios for the use of RRV-TV will be substantially different in developing countries compared with developed countries. Therefore, extensive research is needed in both of these settings, to further our understanding of the epidemiology, pathogenesis, and pathology of both rotavirus disease and intussusception to enable optimal prevention. The workshop reviewed the current understanding of the possible association between RRV-TV and intussusception, as well as the possible association between a variety of viral infections and intussusception. The workshop also identified critical areas of research regarding this possible association. This research will be essential not only for the development of safe and effective rotavirus vaccines, but for the development of other oral vaccines as well. JF - Pediatrics AU - Kombo, L A AU - Gerber, M A AU - Pickering, L K AU - Atreya, C D AU - Breiman, R F Y1 - 2001/08// PY - 2001 DA - August 2001 SP - 1 VL - 108 IS - 2 KW - Rotavirus Vaccines KW - 0 KW - rhesus rotavirus vaccine KW - Abridged Index Medicus KW - Index Medicus KW - United States KW - Infant KW - Humans KW - Cost-Benefit Analysis KW - Drug and Narcotic Control -- legislation & jurisprudence KW - Developing Countries KW - Child, Preschool KW - Intussusception -- chemically induced KW - Rotavirus Infections -- diagnosis KW - Rotavirus Vaccines -- adverse effects KW - Rotavirus Infections -- prevention & control KW - Rotavirus Infections -- epidemiology KW - Intussusception -- epidemiology KW - Rotavirus Vaccines -- therapeutic use UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/71070353?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=conference&rft.jtitle=Pediatrics&rft.atitle=Intussusception%2C+infection%2C+and+immunization%3A+summary+of+a+workshop+on+rotavirus.&rft.au=Kombo%2C+L+A%3BGerber%2C+M+A%3BPickering%2C+L+K%3BAtreya%2C+C+D%3BBreiman%2C+R+F&rft.aulast=Kombo&rft.aufirst=L&rft.date=2001-08-01&rft.volume=108&rft.issue=2&rft.spage=E37&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Pediatrics&rft.issn=1098-4275&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 2001-10-25 N1 - Date created - 2001-08-02 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - New insights into the role of nuclear factor-kappaB in cell growth regulation. AN - 71060808; 11485895 AB - The nuclear factor (NF)-kappaB family of eukaryotic transcription factors plays an important role in the regulation of immune response, embryo and cell lineage development, cell apoptosis, cell-cycle progression, inflammation, and oncogenesis. A wide range of stimuli, including cytokines, mitogens, environmental particles, toxic metals, and viral or bacterial products, activate NF-kappaB, mostly through IkappaB kinase (IKK)-dependent phosphorylation and subsequent degradation of its inhibitor, the IkappaB family of proteins. Activated NF-kappaB translocates into the nucleus where it modulates the expression of a variety of genes, including those encoding cytokines, growth factors, acute phase response proteins, cell adhesion molecules, other transcription factors, and several cell apoptosis regulators. During the past few years, tremendous progress has been achieved in our understanding on how intracellular signaling pathways are transmitted in either a linear or a network manner leading to the activation of NF-kappaB and subsequent cell growth control. However, a detailed molecular mechanism of NF-kappaB regulating cell growth has yet to be determined. Elucidation of the relationships between NF-kappaB activation and cell growth will be important in developing new strategies for the treatment of various human diseases, such as chronic autoimmune disorder and cancer. JF - The American journal of pathology AU - Chen, F AU - Castranova, V AU - Shi, X AD - Health Effects Laboratory Division, National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, 1095 Willowdale Rd., Morgantown, WV 26505, USA. lfd3@cdc.gov Y1 - 2001/08// PY - 2001 DA - August 2001 SP - 387 EP - 397 VL - 159 IS - 2 SN - 0002-9440, 0002-9440 KW - DNA-Binding Proteins KW - 0 KW - I-kappa B Proteins KW - NF-kappa B KW - NFKBIA protein, human KW - NF-KappaB Inhibitor alpha KW - 139874-52-5 KW - Protein-Serine-Threonine Kinases KW - EC 2.7.11.1 KW - CHUK protein, human KW - EC 2.7.11.10 KW - I-kappa B Kinase KW - IKBKB protein, human KW - IKBKE protein, human KW - Abridged Index Medicus KW - Index Medicus KW - Animals KW - Protein-Serine-Threonine Kinases -- metabolism KW - Neoplasms -- pathology KW - Humans KW - Autoimmune Diseases -- therapy KW - Gene Expression Regulation KW - Neoplasms -- therapy KW - Signal Transduction KW - DNA-Binding Proteins -- metabolism KW - Cell Cycle -- physiology KW - Cell Division -- physiology KW - NF-kappa B -- metabolism KW - NF-kappa B -- antagonists & inhibitors UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/71060808?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+American+journal+of+pathology&rft.atitle=New+insights+into+the+role+of+nuclear+factor-kappaB+in+cell+growth+regulation.&rft.au=Chen%2C+F%3BCastranova%2C+V%3BShi%2C+X&rft.aulast=Chen&rft.aufirst=F&rft.date=2001-08-01&rft.volume=159&rft.issue=2&rft.spage=387&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=The+American+journal+of+pathology&rft.issn=00029440&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 2001-09-06 N1 - Date created - 2001-08-03 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - SuppNotes - Cited By: Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 2000 Sep 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Nov 21;272(47):29419-22 [9367996] J Biol Chem. 1997 Dec 12;272(50):31427-34 [9395475] J Clin Invest. 1997 Dec 15;100(12):2952-60 [9399940] J Biol Chem. 1998 May 15;273(20):12341-51 [9575187] Annu Rev Immunol. 1998;16:225-60 [9597130] Radiat Res. 1998 Jun;149(6):596-601 [9611098] Brain Res Mol Brain Res. 1998 Jun 1;57(1):63-72 [9630519] Mol Cell Biol. 1998 Jul;18(7):4221-34 [9632806] Mol Cell. 1998 Mar;1(4):543-51 [9660938] Science. 1998 Aug 28;281(5381):1305-8 [9721089] N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - C57BL/6 mice are resistant to acute restraint modulation of cutaneous hypersensitivity. AN - 71004156; 11452137 AB - C57BL/6 mice, in contrast to BALB/c mice, display minimal behavioral changes in response to environmental stressors and are considered relatively stress-resistant. We have shown that application of acute restraint prior to chemical challenge enhanced cutaneous hypersensitivity (CHS) in BALB/c mice and that this enhanced response is partially glucocorticoid dependent. Due to strain differences in the immune response and in the response to environmental stressors, we hypothesized that acute restraint would not enhance CHS in the less stress-sensitive C57BL/6 mice. We sensitized and challenged C57BL/6 mice with the contact sensitizer, 2, 4-dinitrofluorobenzene (DNFB) in the presence and absence of restraint. Acute restraint, applied prior to chemical challenge, significantly increased serum corticosterone, but to concentrations approximately 60% of those reported for BALB/c mice. Neither restraint nor the exogenous administration of corticosterone enhanced chemical-induced ear swelling in C57BL/6 mice. Pharmacological interruption of the hypothalamic pituitary adrenal axis (HPAA) with the glucocorticoid type II receptor antagonist, RU486, did not alter the development of CHS, however, adrenalectomized (ADX) mice exhibited decreased ear swelling, a measurement that was decreased further by restraint. Combined application of acute restraint and corticosterone prior to chemical challenge significantly enhanced the ear swelling response in C57BL/6 wild-type mice. These data confirm that C57BL/6 mice have a blunted corticosterone response to restraint and that acute restraint does not modulate cutaneous hypersensitivity. Furthermore, our data demonstrate that stress-resistance is not conferred exclusively through the glucocorticoid pathways. JF - Toxicological sciences : an official journal of the Society of Toxicology AU - Flint, M S AU - Tinkle, S S AD - Toxicology and Molecular Biology Branch, National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, 1095 Willowdale Road, MS 3014, Morgantown, WV 26505, USA. sft3@cdc.gov Y1 - 2001/08// PY - 2001 DA - August 2001 SP - 250 EP - 256 VL - 62 IS - 2 SN - 1096-6080, 1096-6080 KW - Receptors, Glucocorticoid KW - 0 KW - Mifepristone KW - 320T6RNW1F KW - Dinitrofluorobenzene KW - D241E059U6 KW - Corticosterone KW - W980KJ009P KW - Index Medicus KW - Animals KW - Corticosterone -- blood KW - Receptors, Glucocorticoid -- antagonists & inhibitors KW - Mice, Inbred C57BL KW - Mice KW - Adrenalectomy KW - Mifepristone -- pharmacology KW - Male KW - Corticosterone -- administration & dosage KW - Hypersensitivity KW - Skin -- drug effects KW - Dinitrofluorobenzene -- toxicity KW - Skin -- immunology KW - Immobilization UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/71004156?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Toxicological+sciences+%3A+an+official+journal+of+the+Society+of+Toxicology&rft.atitle=C57BL%2F6+mice+are+resistant+to+acute+restraint+modulation+of+cutaneous+hypersensitivity.&rft.au=Flint%2C+M+S%3BTinkle%2C+S+S&rft.aulast=Flint&rft.aufirst=M&rft.date=2001-08-01&rft.volume=62&rft.issue=2&rft.spage=250&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Toxicological+sciences+%3A+an+official+journal+of+the+Society+of+Toxicology&rft.issn=10966080&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 2001-09-27 N1 - Date created - 2001-07-13 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - An Outbreak of Syphilis in Alabama Prisons: Correctional Health Policy and Communicable Disease Control AN - 19260714; 5833459 AB - Objectives. After syphilis outbreaks were reported at 3 Alabama State men's prisons in early 1999, we conducted an investigation to evaluate risk factors for syphilis infection and describe patterns of syphilis transmission. Methods. We reviewed medical, patient interview, and prison transfer records and documented sexual networks. Presumptive source cases were identified. Odds of exposure to unscreened jail populations and transfer from other prisons were calculated for case patients at 1 prison. Results. Thirty-nine case patients with early syphilis were identified from 3 prisons. Recent jail exposure (odds ratio [OR] = 8.0, 95% confidence interval [Cl] = 0.3, 158.7, P = .14) and prison transfer (OR = 32.0, 95% Cl = 1.6, 1668.1, P < .01) were associated with being a source case patient. Conclusions. Probable sources of syphilis introduction into and transmission within prisons included mixing of prisoners with unscreened jail populations, transfer of infected inmates between prisons, and multiple concurrent sexual partnerships. Reducing sexual transmission of disease in correctional settings is a public health priority and will require innovative prevention strategies. JF - American Journal of Public Health AU - Wolfe, MI AU - Xu, F AU - Patel, P AU - O'Cain, M AU - Schillinger, JA AU - Louis, MESt AU - Finelli, L AD - Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Mailstop E-47, 1600 Clifton Rd NE, Atlanta, GA 30333, USA, msw6@cdc.gov Y1 - 2001/08// PY - 2001 DA - Aug 2001 SP - 1220 EP - 1225 VL - 91 IS - 8 SN - 0090-0036, 0090-0036 KW - Microbiology Abstracts B: Bacteriology KW - Prisons KW - USA, Alabama KW - Transmission KW - Treponema pallidum KW - Outbreaks KW - Syphilis KW - J 02849:Sexually-transmitted diseases UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/19260714?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologyb&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=American+Journal+of+Public+Health&rft.atitle=An+Outbreak+of+Syphilis+in+Alabama+Prisons%3A+Correctional+Health+Policy+and+Communicable+Disease+Control&rft.au=Wolfe%2C+MI%3BXu%2C+F%3BPatel%2C+P%3BO%27Cain%2C+M%3BSchillinger%2C+JA%3BLouis%2C+MESt%3BFinelli%2C+L&rft.aulast=Wolfe&rft.aufirst=MI&rft.date=2001-08-01&rft.volume=91&rft.issue=8&rft.spage=1220&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=American+Journal+of+Public+Health&rft.issn=00900036&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Treponema pallidum; USA, Alabama; Outbreaks; Syphilis; Prisons; Transmission ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Malnutrition, Measles, Mortality, and the Humanitarian Response During a Famine in Ethiopia AN - 18400101; 5386716 AB - Context The World Food Programme estimated that 10 million people were at risk of starvation in Ethiopia in 2000 but later reported that a famine had been averted. However, no population-based data on mortality or nutrition existed for Gode district, at the epicenter of the famine in the Somali region of Ethiopia. Objectives To estimate mortality rates, determine the major causes of death, and estimate the prevalence of malnutrition among children and adults for the population of Gode district. Design and Setting Two-stage cluster survey conducted from July 27 through August 1, 2000, which included anthropometric measures and 8-month retrospective mortality data collection. Participants A total of 595 households comprising 4032 people living in Gode district of Ethiopia. Main Outcome Measures Crude mortality rates and mortality rates for children younger than 5 years, causes of death, weight for height of less than -2 z scores among children aged 6 months to 5 years, and body mass index of less than 18.5 kg/m super(2) among adults and older persons. Results Of the 595 households, 346 (58.2%) were displaced from their usual places of residence. From December 1999 through July 2000, a total of 293 deaths occurred in the sample population; 159 (54.3%) deaths were among children younger than 5 years and 72 (24.6%) were among children aged 5 to 14 years. The crude mortality rate was 3.2/10 000 per day (95% confidence interval [CI], 2.4-3.8/10 000 per day), which is 3 times the cutoff used to define an emergency. The mortality rate for children younger than 5 years was 6.8/10 000 per day (95% CI, 5.4-8.2/10 000 per day). Approximately 77% of deaths occurred before major relief interventions began in April/May 2000. Wasting contributed to 72.3% of all deaths among children younger than 5 years. Measles alone or in combination with wasting accounted for 35 (22.0%) of 159 deaths among children younger than 5 years and for 12 (16.7%) of 72 deaths among children aged 5 to 14 years. The prevalence rate for wasting (weight for height of <-2 z score) among children aged 6 months to 5 years was 29.1% (95% CI, 24.7%-33.4%). Using a method to adjust body mass index for body shape, the prevalence of undernutrition (body mass index <18.5 kg/m super(2)) among adults aged 18 to 59 years was 22.7% (95% CI, 17.9%-27.5%). Conclusions To prevent unnecessary deaths, the humanitarian response to famine needs to be rapid, well coordinated, and based on sound epidemiological evidence. Public health interventions, such as mass measles vaccination campaigns with coverage extended to children aged 12 to 15 years should be implemented as the first priority. The prevalence of wasting and undernutrition among children and adults, respectively, should be assessed in all prolonged, severe famines. JF - Journal of the American Medical Association AU - Salama, P AU - Assefa, F AU - Talley, L AU - Spiegel, P AU - van der Veen, A AU - Gotway, CA AD - National Center for Environmental Health, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, 4770 Buford Hwy NE, Mailstop F-48, Atlanta, GA 30341, USA, psalama@cdc.gov Y1 - 2001/08/01/ PY - 2001 DA - 2001 Aug 01 SP - 563 EP - 571 VL - 286 IS - 5 SN - 0098-7484, 0098-7484 KW - famine KW - malnutrition KW - measles KW - Health & Safety Science Abstracts KW - H 11000:Diseases/Injuries/Trauma UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/18400101?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Ahealthsafetyabstracts&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+the+American+Medical+Association&rft.atitle=Malnutrition%2C+Measles%2C+Mortality%2C+and+the+Humanitarian+Response+During+a+Famine+in+Ethiopia&rft.au=Salama%2C+P%3BAssefa%2C+F%3BTalley%2C+L%3BSpiegel%2C+P%3Bvan+der+Veen%2C+A%3BGotway%2C+CA&rft.aulast=Salama&rft.aufirst=P&rft.date=2001-08-01&rft.volume=286&rft.issue=5&rft.spage=563&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+the+American+Medical+Association&rft.issn=00987484&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Physical Activity and Public Health: Training Courses for Researchers and Practitioners AN - 18332869; 5382336 AB - The authors explore development of courses in continuing education intended to provide additional research and practice capacity for addressing the growing burden of chronic disease and disability from physical inactivity. Two annual training courses on physical activity and public health are described. The courses are developed with funding from the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, National Center for Chronic Disease Prevention and Health Promotion, Division of Nutrition and Physical Activity. The University of South Carolina, School of Public Health, Prevention Research Center has been an active collaborator and was responsible for developing and implementing the courses. An eight-day "Course on Research Directions and Strategies," is offered to postdoctoral researchers, and practitioners may take a six-day "Practitioners' Course on Community interventions." Both courses are designed to increase the number of professionals qualified to implement physical activity community interventions and conduct physical activity and public health research. JF - Public Health Reports AU - Brown AU - Pate, R R AU - Pratt, M AU - Wheeler, F AU - Buchner, D AU - Ainsworth, B AU - Macera, C AD - Division of Nutrition and Physical Activity, Mailstop K-46, 4770 Buford Highway N.E., Atlanta, GA 30341-3724, USA, dbrown@cdc.gov Y1 - 2001/08// PY - 2001 DA - Aug 2001 SP - 197 EP - 209 VL - 116 IS - 4 SN - 0033-3549, 0033-3549 KW - Physical Education Index KW - Training KW - Health (curriculum) KW - Exercise (programs) KW - Public health KW - PE 030:Exercise, Health & Physical Fitness UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/18332869?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aphysicaleducation&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Public+Health+Reports&rft.atitle=Physical+Activity+and+Public+Health%3A+Training+Courses+for+Researchers+and+Practitioners&rft.au=Brown%3BPate%2C+R+R%3BPratt%2C+M%3BWheeler%2C+F%3BBuchner%2C+D%3BAinsworth%2C+B%3BMacera%2C+C&rft.aulast=Brown&rft.aufirst=&rft.date=2001-08-01&rft.volume=116&rft.issue=4&rft.spage=197&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Public+Health+Reports&rft.issn=00333549&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - Physical Education Index N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Public health; Exercise (programs); Training; Health (curriculum) ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Trichloroethylene in the Environment: Public Health Concerns AN - 18205060; 5275128 AB - The Agency for Toxic Substances and Disease Registry (ATSDR) prepares toxicological profiles for hazardous substances found at waste sites and elsewhere in the environment. In 1997 the agency updated its toxicological profile for trichloroethylene and included new and expanded information on the health effects associated with exposures to trichloroethylene. Several endpoints of concern are described in the profile. However, in this paper only results from studies reporting developmental and carcinogenic effects from trichloroethylene exposures in human and experimental animal studies are summarized and evaluated. Based on its assessment of the available studies and limitations in the reported findings, ATSDR has determined there is limited but suggestive evidence that developmental effects may be a concern for some persons exposed to TCE in drinking water. Moreover, developmental effects may be the most sensitive of all non-cancer health effects associated with trichloroethylene exposures. Significant questions remain about the likely mode(s) of action for TCE-induced carcinogenesis in humans and the basis for differences in pharmacokinetics handling of TCE across animal strains and sex. However, on the basis of animal data and the suggestive, yet inconclusive, human data available, ATSDR has determined that cancer should be an effect of concern for people exposed to TCE in the environment. ATSDR agrees that the available literature supports the premise that TCE is "reasonably anticipated to be a human carcinogen" as defined by the U.S. National Toxicology Program. JF - Human and Ecological Risk Assessment AU - Williams-Johnson, M M AU - Ashizawa, A E AU - De Rosa, CT AD - Division of Toxicology, ATSDR, 1600 Clifton Rd., N.E., MS E-29, Atlanta, GA 30333, USA, mmw1@cdc.gov Y1 - 2001/08// PY - 2001 DA - Aug 2001 SP - 737 EP - 753 VL - 7 IS - 4 SN - 1080-7039, 1080-7039 KW - trichloroethylene KW - Risk Abstracts; Water Resources Abstracts; Health & Safety Science Abstracts; Pollution Abstracts; Toxicology Abstracts KW - Environmental impact KW - Environmental health KW - Pollution effects KW - Carcinogens KW - Toxicity KW - Water pollution KW - Public health KW - Public Health KW - Carcinogenicity KW - Water Pollution Effects KW - Teratogenicity KW - Trichloroethylene KW - Drinking water KW - SW 3020:Sources and fate of pollution KW - R2 23060:Medical and environmental health KW - H 12000:Epidemiology and Public Health KW - P 6000:TOXICOLOGY AND HEALTH KW - X 24152:Chronic exposure UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/18205060?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Ariskabstracts&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Human+and+Ecological+Risk+Assessment&rft.atitle=Trichloroethylene+in+the+Environment%3A+Public+Health+Concerns&rft.au=Williams-Johnson%2C+M+M%3BAshizawa%2C+A+E%3BDe+Rosa%2C+CT&rft.aulast=Williams-Johnson&rft.aufirst=M&rft.date=2001-08-01&rft.volume=7&rft.issue=4&rft.spage=737&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Human+and+Ecological+Risk+Assessment&rft.issn=10807039&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Last updated - 2015-03-24 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Carcinogenicity; Environmental impact; Teratogenicity; Trichloroethylene; Public health; Pollution effects; Environmental health; Toxicity; Carcinogens; Drinking water; Water pollution; Public Health; Water Pollution Effects ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Analysis of Borrelia burgdorferi gene expression during life cycle phases of the tick vector Ixodes scapularis AN - 18093090; 5185175 AB - Borrelia burgdorferi exists in nature via an enzootic cycle whereby the organism must adapt to the diverse environmental conditions provided inside the arthropod transmission vector and the mammalian reservoir hosts. B. burgdorferi genes shown to be regulated by temperature, pH and/or cell density during the organism's growth in culture medium were assayed for expression during various stages of the tick feeding cycle by reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR). ospA, ospC, flaB, erpA/I/N, erpB/J/O, rev and mlpA, were transcriptionally active following the larval and nymphal stages of feeding as determined by qualitative RT-PCR. During tick resting periods between feedings, ospC, mlpA and rev transcription were undetectable, in contrast to ospA, flaB, erpA/I/N and erpB/J/O. bba64, a gene induced by environmental changes in culture and expressed during mammalian infection, was not detectable during any of the tick life cycle phases. Quantitative PCR to determine B. burgdorferi genome equivalents in these tick samples using DNA co-purified with the RNA allowed an estimation of gene expression relative to the numbers of B. burgdorferi present in the ticks. Although the spirochete totals varied widely between individual tick pools of fed, replete nymphs, the relative expression ratios between individual target genes following a nymphal feed were comparable. Similarly, borrelial gene transcription from the larval feeding and the nymphal feeding were observed and compared. These findings analogize B. burgdorferi gene expression observed by environmental stimuli in vitro with the transcriptional activity occurring during the organism's infectious cycle within the tick. JF - Microbes and Infection AU - Gilmore, RD Jr AU - Mbow, M L AU - Stevenson, B AD - Department of Pathology, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado, USA, rbg9@cdc.gov Y1 - 2001/08// PY - 2001 DA - Aug 2001 SP - 799 EP - 808 VL - 3 IS - 10 SN - 1286-4579, 1286-4579 KW - Acari KW - Ticks KW - Deer tick KW - Entomology Abstracts; Microbiology Abstracts B: Bacteriology KW - Temperature effects KW - Borrelia burgdorferi KW - Ixodidae KW - Life cycle KW - Vectors KW - Ixodes scapularis KW - Disease transmission KW - Gene expression KW - pH effects KW - Lyme disease KW - J 02870:Invertebrate bacteriology KW - Z 05206:Medical & veterinary entomology KW - J 02740:Genetics and evolution UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/18093090?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologyb&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Microbes+and+Infection&rft.atitle=Analysis+of+Borrelia+burgdorferi+gene+expression+during+life+cycle+phases+of+the+tick+vector+Ixodes+scapularis&rft.au=Gilmore%2C+RD+Jr%3BMbow%2C+M+L%3BStevenson%2C+B&rft.aulast=Gilmore&rft.aufirst=RD&rft.date=2001-08-01&rft.volume=3&rft.issue=10&rft.spage=799&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Microbes+and+Infection&rft.issn=12864579&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Ixodidae; Ixodes scapularis; Borrelia burgdorferi; Vectors; Life cycle; Gene expression; Disease transmission; pH effects; Lyme disease; Temperature effects ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Evaluation of the effectiveness of educational interventions in the Pennsylvania Central Region Farm Safety Pilot Project AN - 18084427; 5166614 AB - Background: Evaluation of agricultural safety interventions has frequently been identified as an area requiring further research. This study prospectively evaluates the effectiveness of three specific educational safety interventions in reducing farm hazards. Methods: Farm characteristics and hazard conditions at 216 farms in Pennsylvania were assessed through a questionnaire and objective audit, respectively, at both pre- and post-intervention time points. Counties were assigned to one of the following interventions: youth education, community coalition, self-audit, pre/post control, or post-only control group. Changes in hazard were analyzed through linear regression. Results: Self-audit was the most effective intervention, leading to a 20% reduction in hazard scores. The community coalition and pre/post control group also showed reductions. Conclusions: Intervention effectiveness significantly differed depending on initial hazards, indicating the need to target specific interventions for more or less hazardous farms. Findings of this prospective evaluation differed from the initial cross-sectional results, thus underscoring the need for longitudinal investigations. JF - American Journal of Industrial Medicine AU - Landsittel, D P AU - Murphy, D J AU - Kiernan, N E AU - Hard, D L AU - Kassab, C AD - Research Statistician, Health Effects and Laboratory Division, Biostatistics Branch, National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, 1095 Willowdale Road, M/S L4020, Morgantown, WV 26505, USA, del6@cdc.gov Y1 - 2001/08// PY - 2001 DA - Aug 2001 SP - 145 EP - 152 VL - 40 IS - 2 SN - 0271-3586, 0271-3586 KW - USA, Pennsylvania KW - farming KW - Health & Safety Science Abstracts KW - Agriculture KW - Hazards KW - Education KW - Occupational safety KW - H 1000:Occupational Safety and Health UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/18084427?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Ahealthsafetyabstracts&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=American+Journal+of+Industrial+Medicine&rft.atitle=Evaluation+of+the+effectiveness+of+educational+interventions+in+the+Pennsylvania+Central+Region+Farm+Safety+Pilot+Project&rft.au=Landsittel%2C+D+P%3BMurphy%2C+D+J%3BKiernan%2C+N+E%3BHard%2C+D+L%3BKassab%2C+C&rft.aulast=Landsittel&rft.aufirst=D&rft.date=2001-08-01&rft.volume=40&rft.issue=2&rft.spage=145&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=American+Journal+of+Industrial+Medicine&rft.issn=02713586&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Hazards; Education; Occupational safety; Agriculture ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Hard Metal-Induced Disease: Effects of Metal Cations in Vitro on Guinea Pig Isolated Airways AN - 17928846; 5158164 AB - Inhalation of dust from hard metal (HM), a mixture of tungsten carbide, cobalt, and other metals, can cause interstitial alveolitis, fibrosis, and asthma in the workplace. Some effects of HM could occur after the metals dissolve in the lung. We examined whether chloride salts of metals in HM alloys can elicit responses or modify reactivity to methacholine (MCh) or responses to electric field stimulation (EFS) in guinea pig tracheal strips. In unstimulated strips, Co super(2+), Cd super(2+), and Ni super(2+) evoked contractions (>3 x 10 super(-6) M), while Ta super(5+), Zn super(2+), Cr super(2+), and Cr super(3+) caused weak relaxations (>10 super(-5) M). In strips contracted with MCh (3 x 10 super(-7) M), Co super(2+) and Ni super(2+) also caused relaxation in lower concentrations while the other metals caused weak relaxation only in high concentrations (>10 super(-4) M). The metals were generally without effect on reactivity to MCh, except that Cd super(2+) inhibited and Ni super(2+) potentiated some responses. The effects of selected metals (10 super(-6) M; Cr super(3+), Ni super(2+), Cd super(2+), and Co super(2+)) on EFS-induced contractile and relaxant responses were examined ( plus or minus MCh; plus or minus 10 super(-6) M indomethacin (Indo), 30 min). No metal had any effect on the excitatory nonadrenergic, noncholinergic-mediated contraction phase. Cd super(2+) and Ni super(2+) inhibited cholinergically mediated contractions of unstimulated strips (+Indo), whereas Cr super(3+) both inhibited (-MCh, -Indo) and potentiated (-Indo,+MCh; +Indo, +MCh) contractile responses. Cr super(3+) was the only metal to inhibit the inhibitory nonadrenergic, noncholinergic-mediated relaxation phase ( plus or minus MCh; -Indo). Co super(2+) had no effect at all. The results suggest that smooth muscle tone and nerves in the airways could be targets of cationic metals after they dissolve in the lung. JF - Toxicology and Applied Pharmacology AU - Fedan, J S AU - Cutler, D AD - Pathology and Physiology Research Branch, Health Effects Laboratory Division, National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, Morgantown, West Virginia, 26505, jsf2@cdc.gov Y1 - 2001/08/01/ PY - 2001 DA - 2001 Aug 01 SP - 199 EP - 206 PB - Academic Press VL - 174 IS - 3 SN - 0041-008X, 0041-008X KW - guinea-pigs KW - methacholine KW - Toxicology Abstracts KW - Smooth muscle KW - Metals KW - Cations KW - Lung KW - Electric fields KW - Contractility KW - Trachea KW - X 24164:Pathology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/17928846?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxicologyabstracts&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Toxicology+and+Applied+Pharmacology&rft.atitle=Hard+Metal-Induced+Disease%3A+Effects+of+Metal+Cations+in+Vitro+on+Guinea+Pig+Isolated+Airways&rft.au=Fedan%2C+J+S%3BCutler%2C+D&rft.aulast=Fedan&rft.aufirst=J&rft.date=2001-08-01&rft.volume=174&rft.issue=3&rft.spage=199&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Toxicology+and+Applied+Pharmacology&rft.issn=0041008X&rft_id=info:doi/10.1006%2Ftaap.2001.9205 LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Electric fields; Lung; Metals; Cations; Trachea; Smooth muscle; Contractility DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1006/taap.2001.9205 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Medical and public health consequences of natural and biological disasters AN - 17913900; 5172162 AB - Better epidemiologic knowledge of the causes of death and types of injuries and illnesses caused by disasters is clearly essential to determine appropriate relief supplies, equipment, and personnel needed to effectively respond to such situations. The overall objective of health disaster managers is to measure and describe as accurately as possible the health effects of disasters and contributing factors to these effects, with the goals of assessing the needs of disaster-affected populations, efficient matching of resources to needs, further prevention of adverse health effects, evaluation of program effectiveness, and for contingency planning. In addition, public health professionals have an important role to play in providing informed advice about the probable health effects that may arise in the future, in establishing priorities for action, and in emphasizing the need for accurate information as the basis for relief decisions. This paper outlines a number of important areas where public health can contribute to making overall disaster management more effective. JF - Natural Hazards Review AU - Noji, E K AD - Epidemic Surveillance and Bio-Emergency Response Unit, National Center for Infectious Diseases (NCID), Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), Mailstop C-18, 1600 Clifton Rd., Atlanta, GA 30333, USA, enoji@cdc.gov Y1 - 2001/08// PY - 2001 DA - Aug 2001 SP - 143 EP - 156 VL - 2 IS - 3 SN - 1527-6988, 1527-6988 KW - Risk Abstracts; Health & Safety Science Abstracts KW - Disasters KW - Public health KW - Emergency preparedness KW - R2 23090:Policy and planning KW - H 6000:Natural Disasters/Civil Defense/Emergency Management UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/17913900?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Ariskabstracts&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Natural+Hazards+Review&rft.atitle=Medical+and+public+health+consequences+of+natural+and+biological+disasters&rft.au=Noji%2C+E+K&rft.aulast=Noji&rft.aufirst=E&rft.date=2001-08-01&rft.volume=2&rft.issue=3&rft.spage=143&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Natural+Hazards+Review&rft.issn=15276988&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Disasters; Public health; Emergency preparedness ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Serosubtypes and PorA Types of Neisseria meningitidis Serogroup B Isolated in Brazil during 1997-1998: Overview and Implications for Vaccine Development AN - 17912714; 5152509 AB - Meningococcal disease caused by N. meningitidis serogroup B (MenB) has been endemic in Brazil since 1997. In this study, we determined the prevalence of serosubtypes of MenB isolated in 10 Brazilian states and the Federal District during 1997 and 1998 and investigated the extent of PorA VR sequence variation among the most prevalent serosubtypes to evaluate the possible use of an outer membrane vesicle (OMV)-, PorA-based vaccine to prevent meningococcal disease in Brazil. During this period, a total of 8,932 cases of meningococcal disease were reported. Only 42% (n = 3,751) of the reported cases were laboratory confirmed, and about 60% (n = 2,255) of those were identified as MenB. Among 1,297 MenB strains selected for this study, the most prevalent serosubtypes were P1.19,15 (66%), P1.7,1 (11%), and P1.7,16 (4%). PorA VR typing showed that 91% of the P1.19,15 strains analyzed had VR1 and VR2 sequences identical to those of the prototype strain. No sequence variation was detected among the 40 strains representing all isolated MenB P1.7,16 strains in the three southern states, where this serosubtype accounts for 75% of the serosubtypes identified. Similarly, all P1.7,1 strains were identified by PorA typing as P1.7-1,1. Although further improvements in the reporting of cases and collection of strains in Brazil are needed, our data suggest that a trivalent OMV-based vaccine prepared with PorA types P1.19,15, P1.7-1,1, and P1.7,16 may be appropriate to control serogroup B meningococcal disease in most of the Brazilian states. JF - Journal of Clinical Microbiology AU - Sacchi, C T AU - Lemos, APS AU - Popovic, T AU - Cassio de Morais, J AU - Whitney, A M AU - Melles, CEA AU - Brondi, LMG AU - Monteiro, LMC AU - Paiva, M V AU - Solari, CA AU - Mayer, L W AD - Meningitis and Special Pathogens Branch, Mail stop D-11, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, 1600 Clifton Rd., Atlanta, GA 30333., cls9@cdc.gov Y1 - 2001/08// PY - 2001 DA - Aug 2001 SP - 2897 EP - 2903 VL - 39 IS - 8 SN - 0095-1137, 0095-1137 KW - serosubtypes KW - serogroup B KW - Brazil KW - PorA protein KW - meningococcal disease KW - Microbiology Abstracts B: Bacteriology; Microbiology Abstracts A: Industrial & Applied Microbiology KW - Outer membranes KW - Serotyping KW - Neisseria meningitidis KW - Meningitis KW - Typing KW - Membrane vesicles KW - Vaccines KW - A 01116:Bacteria KW - J 02710:Identification, taxonomy and typing KW - J 02848:Nervous system UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/17912714?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologyb&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Clinical+Microbiology&rft.atitle=Serosubtypes+and+PorA+Types+of+Neisseria+meningitidis+Serogroup+B+Isolated+in+Brazil+during+1997-1998%3A+Overview+and+Implications+for+Vaccine+Development&rft.au=Sacchi%2C+C+T%3BLemos%2C+APS%3BPopovic%2C+T%3BCassio+de+Morais%2C+J%3BWhitney%2C+A+M%3BMelles%2C+CEA%3BBrondi%2C+LMG%3BMonteiro%2C+LMC%3BPaiva%2C+M+V%3BSolari%2C+CA%3BMayer%2C+L+W&rft.aulast=Sacchi&rft.aufirst=C&rft.date=2001-08-01&rft.volume=39&rft.issue=8&rft.spage=2897&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+Clinical+Microbiology&rft.issn=00951137&rft_id=info:doi/10.1128%2FJCM.39.8.2897-2903.2001 LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Neisseria meningitidis; Serotyping; Typing; Vaccines; Meningitis; Outer membranes; Membrane vesicles DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/JCM.39.8.2897-2903.2001 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Characterization of Clinical Isolates of Klebsiella pneumoniae from 19 Laboratories Using the National Committee for Clinical Laboratory Standards Extended-Spectrum beta -Lactamase Detection Methods AN - 17905285; 5152467 AB - Extended-spectrum beta -lactamases (ESBLs) are enzymes found in gram-negative bacilli that mediate resistance to extended-spectrum cephalosporins and aztreonam. In 1999, the National Committee for Clinical Laboratory Standards (NCCLS) published methods for screening and confirming the presence of ESBLs in Klebsiella pneumoniae, Klebsiella oxytoca, and Escherichia coli. To evaluate the confirmation protocol, we tested 139 isolates of K. pneumoniae that were sent to Project ICARE (Intensive Care Antimicrobial Resistance Epidemiology) from 19 hospitals in 11 U.S. states. Each isolate met the NCCLS screening criteria for potential ESBL producers (ceftazidime [CAZ] or cefotaxime [CTX] MICs were >2 mu g/ml for all isolates). Initially, 117 (84%) isolates demonstrated a clavulanic acid (CA) effect by disk diffusion (i.e., an increase in CAZ or CTX zone diameters of >5 mm in the presence of CA), and 114 (82%) demonstrated a CA effect by broth microdilution (reduction of CAZ or CTX MICs by >3 dilutions). For five isolates, a CA effect could not be determined initially by broth microdilution because of off-scale CAZ results. However, a CA effect was observed in two of these isolates by testing cefepime and cefepime plus CA. The cefoxitin MICs for 23 isolates that failed to show a CA effect by broth microdilution were >32 mu g/ml, suggesting either the presence of an AmpC-type beta -lactamase or porin changes that could mask a CA effect. By isoelectric focusing (IEF), 7 of the 23 isolates contained a beta -lactamase with a pI of >8.3 suggestive of an AmpC-type beta -lactamase; 6 of the 7 isolates were shown by PCR to contain both ampC-type and bla sub(OXA) genes. The IEF profiles of the remaining 16 isolates showed a variety of beta -lactamase bands, all of which had pIs of >7.5. All 16 isolates were negative by PCR with multiple primer sets for ampC-type, bla sub(OXA), and bla sub(CTX-M) genes. In summary, 83.5% of the K. pneumoniae isolates that were identified initially as presumptive ESBL producers were positive for a CA effect, while 5.0% contained beta -lactamases that likely masked the CA effect. The remaining 11.5% of the isolates studied contained beta -lactamases that did not demonstrate a CA effect. An algorithm based on phenotypic analyses is suggested for evaluation of such isolates. JF - Journal of Clinical Microbiology AU - Steward, C D AU - Rasheed, J K AU - Hubert, S K AU - Biddle, J W AU - Raney, P M AU - Anderson, G J AU - Williams, P P AU - Brittain, K L AU - Oliver, A AU - McGowan Jr, JE AU - Tenover, F C AD - Division of Healthcare Quality Promotion (G08), Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, 1600 Clifton Rd., NE, Atlanta, GA 30333., fnt1@cdc.gov Y1 - 2001/08// PY - 2001 DA - Aug 2001 SP - 2864 EP - 2872 VL - 39 IS - 8 SN - 0095-1137, 0095-1137 KW - extendewd spectrum b-lactamase KW - extendewd spectrum ^b-lactamase KW - aztreonam KW - extendewd spectrum beta -lactamase KW - Microbiology Abstracts B: Bacteriology; Microbiology Abstracts A: Industrial & Applied Microbiology KW - Cephalosporins KW - Clinical microbiology KW - Gram-negative bacilli KW - Clavulanic acid KW - Antibiotic sensitivity testing KW - Escherichia coli KW - Standards KW - Klebsiella oxytoca KW - b-Lactamase KW - ^b-Lactamase KW - Antibiotic resistance KW - Klebsiella pneumoniae KW - A 01064:Microbial resistance KW - J 02795:Antibiotic resistance KW - A 01073:Quality control UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/17905285?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologyb&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Clinical+Microbiology&rft.atitle=Characterization+of+Clinical+Isolates+of+Klebsiella+pneumoniae+from+19+Laboratories+Using+the+National+Committee+for+Clinical+Laboratory+Standards+Extended-Spectrum+beta+-Lactamase+Detection+Methods&rft.au=Steward%2C+C+D%3BRasheed%2C+J+K%3BHubert%2C+S+K%3BBiddle%2C+J+W%3BRaney%2C+P+M%3BAnderson%2C+G+J%3BWilliams%2C+P+P%3BBrittain%2C+K+L%3BOliver%2C+A%3BMcGowan+Jr%2C+JE%3BTenover%2C+F+C&rft.aulast=Steward&rft.aufirst=C&rft.date=2001-08-01&rft.volume=39&rft.issue=8&rft.spage=2864&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+Clinical+Microbiology&rft.issn=00951137&rft_id=info:doi/10.1128%2FJCM.39.8.2864-2872.2001 LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Klebsiella pneumoniae; Escherichia coli; Klebsiella oxytoca; Clinical microbiology; Standards; b-Lactamase; Gram-negative bacilli; Cephalosporins; Antibiotic resistance; Clavulanic acid; Antibiotic sensitivity testing; ^b-Lactamase DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/JCM.39.8.2864-2872.2001 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Experimental utility of rabies virus-neutralizing human monoclonal antibodies in post-exposure prophylaxis AN - 18078951; 5160927 AB - Rabies immune globulin (RIG) is essential for post-exposure prophylaxis but is expensive and not widely available. Rabies virus-neutralizing human monoclonal antibodies (Mabs) were evaluated in vitro and in a Syrian hamster model as a potential future alternative. Seven Mabs neutralized representative rabies virus variants. However, a European bat lyssavirus was not neutralized by either Mabs or RIG. Moreover, Duvenhage virus was neutralized by RIG, but not by Mabs, and Lagos bat and Mokola viruses were neutralized by one Mab but not by RIG. In hamsters, one Mab resulted in protection that was comparable to human RIG. These results suggest that Mabs may provide a promising alternative to RIG. JF - Vaccine AU - Hanlon, CA AU - DeMattos, CA AU - DeMattos, C C AU - Niezgoda, M AU - Hooper, D C AU - Koprowski, H AU - Notkins, A AU - Rupprecht, CE AD - Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Rabies Section MS-G33, 1600 Clifton Road NE, Atlanta, GA 30333, USA, cfh8@cdc.gov Y1 - 2001/07/16/ PY - 2001 DA - 2001 Jul 16 SP - 3834 EP - 3842 VL - 19 IS - 28-29 SN - 0264-410X, 0264-410X KW - Syrian hamsters KW - post-exposure prophylaxis KW - Biotechnology and Bioengineering Abstracts; Virology & AIDS Abstracts; Medical and Pharmaceutical Biotechnology Abstracts; Immunology Abstracts KW - European bat lyssavirus KW - Rabies KW - Rabies virus KW - Mokola virus KW - Lyssavirus KW - Immunoglobulins KW - Monoclonal antibodies KW - Lagos virus KW - Duvenhage virus KW - Prophylaxis KW - Immunization (passive) KW - W3 33375:Antibodies KW - F 06806:Passive immunization KW - V 22124:Prophylaxis & control KW - W 30965:Miscellaneous, Reviews UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/18078951?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Abiotechresearch&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Vaccine&rft.atitle=Experimental+utility+of+rabies+virus-neutralizing+human+monoclonal+antibodies+in+post-exposure+prophylaxis&rft.au=Hanlon%2C+CA%3BDeMattos%2C+CA%3BDeMattos%2C+C+C%3BNiezgoda%2C+M%3BHooper%2C+D+C%3BKoprowski%2C+H%3BNotkins%2C+A%3BRupprecht%2C+CE&rft.aulast=Hanlon&rft.aufirst=CA&rft.date=2001-07-16&rft.volume=19&rft.issue=28-29&rft.spage=3834&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Vaccine&rft.issn=0264410X&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Duvenhage virus; Lyssavirus; European bat lyssavirus; Rabies virus; Lagos virus; Mokola virus; Monoclonal antibodies; Immunization (passive); Rabies; Immunoglobulins; Prophylaxis ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Is suicide contagious? A study of the relation between exposure to the suicidal behavior of others and nearly lethal suicide attempts. AN - 71019367; 11447044 AB - This study sought to determine the association between nearly lethal suicide attempts and exposure to the suicidal behavior of parents, relatives, friends, or acquaintances and to accounts of suicide in the media. The authors conducted a population-based case-control study in Houston, Texas, from November 1992 through July 1995. They interviewed 153 victims of attempted suicide aged 13--34 years who had been treated at emergency departments in Houston and a random sample of 513 control subjects. After controlling for potentially confounding variables, the authors found that exposure to the suicidal behavior of a parent (adjusted OR = 1.5; 95% CI: 0.6, 3.6; p = 0.42) or a nonparent relative (adjusted OR = 1.2; 95% CI: 0.7, 2.0; p = 0.55) was not significantly associated with nearly lethal suicide attempts. Both exposure to the suicidal behavior of a friend or acquaintance (adjusted OR = 0.6; 95% CI: 0.4, 1.0; p = 0.05) and exposure to accounts of suicidal behavior in the media (adjusted OR = 0.2; 95% CI: 0.1, 0.3; p = 0.00) were associated with a lower risk of nearly lethal suicide attempts. Exposure to accounts of suicidal behavior in the media and, to a lesser extent, exposure to the suicidal behavior of friends or acquaintances may be protective for nearly lethal suicide attempts, but further research is needed to better understand the mechanisms underlying these findings. JF - American journal of epidemiology AU - Mercy, J A AU - Kresnow , M J AU - O'Carroll, P W AU - Lee, R K AU - Powell, K E AU - Potter, L B AU - Swann, A C AU - Frankowski, R F AU - Bayer, T L AD - Division of Violence Prevention, National Center for Injury Prevention and Control, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA 30341-3724, USA. jam2@cdc.gov Y1 - 2001/07/15/ PY - 2001 DA - 2001 Jul 15 SP - 120 EP - 127 VL - 154 IS - 2 SN - 0002-9262, 0002-9262 KW - Index Medicus KW - Texas -- epidemiology KW - Humans KW - Urban Health -- statistics & numerical data KW - Multivariate Analysis KW - Population Surveillance KW - Logistic Models KW - Risk Factors KW - Adult KW - Confounding Factors (Epidemiology) KW - Case-Control Studies KW - Surveys and Questionnaires KW - Adolescent KW - Female KW - Male KW - Mass Media -- statistics & numerical data KW - Psychology, Adolescent -- statistics & numerical data KW - Suicide, Attempted -- psychology KW - Environmental Exposure -- statistics & numerical data KW - Interpersonal Relations KW - Suicide -- statistics & numerical data KW - Imitative Behavior KW - Suicide -- psychology KW - Suicide, Attempted -- prevention & control KW - Suicide, Attempted -- statistics & numerical data KW - Adolescent Behavior -- psychology KW - Environmental Exposure -- adverse effects KW - Family -- psychology KW - Suicide -- prevention & control UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/71019367?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=American+journal+of+epidemiology&rft.atitle=Is+suicide+contagious%3F+A+study+of+the+relation+between+exposure+to+the+suicidal+behavior+of+others+and+nearly+lethal+suicide+attempts.&rft.au=Mercy%2C+J+A%3BKresnow+%2C+M+J%3BO%27Carroll%2C+P+W%3BLee%2C+R+K%3BPowell%2C+K+E%3BPotter%2C+L+B%3BSwann%2C+A+C%3BFrankowski%2C+R+F%3BBayer%2C+T+L&rft.aulast=Mercy&rft.aufirst=J&rft.date=2001-07-15&rft.volume=154&rft.issue=2&rft.spage=120&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=American+journal+of+epidemiology&rft.issn=00029262&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 2001-08-09 N1 - Date created - 2001-07-11 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Prevalence of hepatitis C virus infection among clients of HIV counseling and testing sites--Connecticut, 1999. AN - 71039497; 11475165 AB - Hepatitis C virus (HCV) is a common chronic bloodborne virus infection that affects an estimated 2.7 million persons in the United States. HCV infection causes an estimated 8,000-10,000 deaths each year from cirrhosis and hepatocellular carcinoma and is the leading reason for liver transplantation. Because injection drug use is a major risk factor for both human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) and HCV transmission, publicly funded HIV counseling and testing sites (HIV CTS) may have a role in HCV prevention. To evaluate the need for HCV services at these sites, the Connecticut Department of Public Health (CDPH) conducted an anonymous HCV seroprevalence study among clients of HIV CTS. This report summarizes the results of this analysis, which indicate that, among clients of these HIV CTS, the prevalence of antibody to HCV (anti-HCV) was 9.8%, compared with 1.3% for HIV, with significantly higher prevalence among clients of substance abuse treatment sites (40.2%), compared with other sites (6.9%). HCV counseling and testing should be integrated into all HIV CTS, especially those associated with substance abuse treatment. JF - MMWR. Morbidity and mortality weekly report AU - Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) AD - Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) Y1 - 2001/07/13/ PY - 2001 DA - 2001 Jul 13 SP - 577 EP - 581 VL - 50 IS - 27 SN - 0149-2195, 0149-2195 KW - Index Medicus KW - Risk Factors KW - Humans KW - Seroepidemiologic Studies KW - HIV Infections -- prevention & control KW - Connecticut -- epidemiology KW - Adult KW - Male KW - Female KW - Substance Abuse, Intravenous KW - Prevalence KW - Hepatitis C -- epidemiology KW - Community Health Services -- statistics & numerical data UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/71039497?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=MMWR.+Morbidity+and+mortality+weekly+report&rft.atitle=Prevalence+of+hepatitis+C+virus+infection+among+clients+of+HIV+counseling+and+testing+sites--Connecticut%2C+1999.&rft.au=Centers+for+Disease+Control+and+Prevention+%28CDC%29&rft.aulast=Centers+for+Disease+Control+and+Prevention+%28CDC%29&rft.aufirst=&rft.date=2001-07-13&rft.volume=50&rft.issue=27&rft.spage=577&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=MMWR.+Morbidity+and+mortality+weekly+report&rft.issn=01492195&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 2001-08-02 N1 - Date created - 2001-07-27 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Outbreak of listeriosis associated with homemade Mexican-style cheese--North Carolina, October 2000-January 2001. AN - 71014595; 11456331 AB - On November 13, 2000, health-care providers at a hospital in Winston-Salem, North Carolina, contacted the local health department about three cases of listeriosis within a 2-week period in recent Mexican immigrants. The North Carolina General Communicable Disease Control Branch, in collaboration with the Forsyth County Health Department, the North Carolina Departments of Agriculture and Consumer Services (NCDA&CS) and Environment and Natural Resources, the Food and Drug Administration (FDA), and CDC investigated this outbreak of Listeria monocytogenes infections. This report summarizes the results of the investigation, which implicated noncommercial, homemade, Mexican-style fresh soft cheese produced from contaminated raw milk sold by a local dairy farm as the causative agent. Culturally appropriate education efforts are important to reduce the risk for L. monocytogenes transmission through Mexican-style fresh soft cheese. JF - MMWR. Morbidity and mortality weekly report AU - Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) AD - Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) Y1 - 2001/07/06/ PY - 2001 DA - 2001 Jul 06 SP - 560 EP - 562 VL - 50 IS - 26 SN - 0149-2195, 0149-2195 KW - Index Medicus KW - Listeria monocytogenes -- isolation & purification KW - Food Microbiology KW - Fetal Death -- etiology KW - Humans KW - Adult KW - Case-Control Studies KW - Mexican Americans KW - North Carolina -- epidemiology KW - Female KW - Pregnancy KW - Listeriosis -- epidemiology KW - Listeriosis -- diagnosis KW - Foodborne Diseases -- epidemiology KW - Listeriosis -- etiology KW - Foodborne Diseases -- diagnosis KW - Disease Outbreaks KW - Cheese -- poisoning KW - Cheese -- microbiology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/71014595?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=MMWR.+Morbidity+and+mortality+weekly+report&rft.atitle=Outbreak+of+listeriosis+associated+with+homemade+Mexican-style+cheese--North+Carolina%2C+October+2000-January+2001.&rft.au=Centers+for+Disease+Control+and+Prevention+%28CDC%29&rft.aulast=Centers+for+Disease+Control+and+Prevention+%28CDC%29&rft.aufirst=&rft.date=2001-07-06&rft.volume=50&rft.issue=26&rft.spage=560&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=MMWR.+Morbidity+and+mortality+weekly+report&rft.issn=01492195&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 2001-07-19 N1 - Date created - 2001-07-17 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Effect of Short-Course, High-Dose Amoxicillin Therapy on Resistant Pneumococcal Carriage: A Randomized Trial AN - 18601837; 5459038 AB - Context Emerging drug resistance threatens the effectiveness of existing therapies for pneumococcal infections. Modifying the dose and duration of antibiotic therapy may limit the spread of resistant pneumococci. Objective To determine whether short-course, high-dose amoxicillin therapy reduces risk of posttreatment resistant pneumococcal carriage among children with respiratory tract infections. Design and Setting Randomized trial conducted in an outpatient clinic in Santo Domingo, Dominican Republic, October 1999 through July 2000. Participants Children aged 6 to 59 months who were receiving antibiotic prescriptions for respiratory tract illness (n = 795). Interventions Children were randomly assigned to receive 1 of 2 twice-daily regimens of amoxicillin: 90 mg/kg per day for 5 days (n = 398) or 40 mg/kg per day for 10 days (n = 397). Main Outcome Measures Penicillin-nonsusceptible Streptococcus pneumoniae carriage, assessed in nasopharyngeal specimens collected at days 0, 5, 10, and 28; baseline risk factors for nonsusceptible pneumococcal carriage; and adherence to regimen, compared between the 2 groups. Results At the day 28 visit, risk of penicillin-nonsusceptible pneumococcal carriage was significantly lower in the short-course, high-dose group (24%) compared with the standard-course group (32%); relative risk (RR), 0.77; 95% confidence interval (CI), 0.60-0.97; P = .03; risk of trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole nonsusceptibility was also lower in the short-course, high-dose group (RR, 0.77; 95% CI, 0.58-1.03; P = .08). The protective effect of short-course, high-dose therapy was stronger in households with 3 or more children (RR, 0.72; 95% CI, 0.52-0.98). Adherence to treatment was higher in the short-course, high-dose group (82% vs 74%; P = .02). appears promising as an intervention to minimize the impact of antibiotic use on the spread of drug-resistant pneumococci. JF - Journal of the American Medical Association AU - Schrag, S J AU - Pena, C AU - Fernandez, J AU - Sanchez, J AU - Gomez, V AU - Perez, E AU - Feris, J M AU - Besser, R E AD - Respiratory Diseases Branch, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, MS C23, 1600 Clifton Rd, Atlanta, GA 30333, USA, zha6@cdc.gov Y1 - 2001/07/04/ PY - 2001 DA - 2001 Jul 04 SP - 49 EP - 56 VL - 286 IS - 1 SN - 0098-7484, 0098-7484 KW - Microbiology Abstracts B: Bacteriology KW - J 02814:Drug resistance UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/18601837?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologyb&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+the+American+Medical+Association&rft.atitle=Effect+of+Short-Course%2C+High-Dose+Amoxicillin+Therapy+on+Resistant+Pneumococcal+Carriage%3A+A+Randomized+Trial&rft.au=Schrag%2C+S+J%3BPena%2C+C%3BFernandez%2C+J%3BSanchez%2C+J%3BGomez%2C+V%3BPerez%2C+E%3BFeris%2C+J+M%3BBesser%2C+R+E&rft.aulast=Schrag&rft.aufirst=S&rft.date=2001-07-04&rft.volume=286&rft.issue=1&rft.spage=49&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+the+American+Medical+Association&rft.issn=00987484&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Pet dogs as sentinels for environmental contamination AN - 18099410; 5171333 AB - The presence of environmental contaminants in air, water and food may pose significant health risks to the exposed human population. However, problems associated with assessing chronic exposure to low doses of environmental chemicals, multiple exposure routes, diseases with long latency periods, and non-specific health outcomes make it difficult to conduct the appropriate human epidemiologic studies. It may be useful to complement human epidemiology with animal studies. Animals monitored or evaluated in situ for the appropriate suite of endpoints can provide information about both exposure levels and potential adverse health effects. Animals have served as sentinel indicators for health effects associated with a number of environmental exposures, including pesticides and asbestos. Pet dogs may be particularly valuable sentinels because they share the human environment. In addition, dogs respond to many toxic insults in ways analogous to humans, they have physiologically compressed life spans, and they are free from some important lifestyle risk factors for disease. An example of how pet dogs may be used as sentinels for potential human health hazards involves a study of the genotoxic effects resulting from exposure to a mixture of chemicals from nearby Superfund sites. We conducted a cross-sectional study of exposed dogs (living in the community with the Superfund sites) and controls (living in a nearby community). The pet owners completed a questionnaire, and we collected a blood sample from each dog. The blood samples were analyzed for standard clinical parameters and assays for possible genotoxic effects (peripheral blood lymphocyte micronucleus frequency and lymphocyte subtyping). Pet dogs living near the Superfund sites had a higher micronucleus frequency than control animals, suggesting that the dogs may have been exposed to environmental contaminants from these sites. JF - Science of the Total Environment AU - Backer, L C AU - Grindem, C B AU - Corbett, W T AU - Cullins, L AU - Hunter, J L AD - National Center for Environmental Health, 1600 Clifton Rd, NE, MS E-23, Atlanta, GA 30333, USA, lfb9@cdc.gov Y1 - 2001/07/02/ PY - 2001 DA - 2001 Jul 02 SP - 161 EP - 169 VL - 274 IS - 1-3 SN - 0048-9697, 0048-9697 KW - Dogs KW - Foxes KW - Jackals KW - Wolves KW - dogs KW - Pollution Abstracts; Toxicology Abstracts; Risk Abstracts KW - Pollution monitoring KW - Animals KW - Contamination KW - Environmental health KW - Lymphocytes KW - Industrial sites KW - Pets KW - Bioindicators KW - Superfund KW - Genotoxicity KW - Canidae KW - Blood KW - Indicator species KW - R2 23040:Biological KW - X 24240:Miscellaneous KW - R2 23060:Medical and environmental health KW - P 6000:TOXICOLOGY AND HEALTH UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/18099410?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Ariskabstracts&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Science+of+the+Total+Environment&rft.atitle=Pet+dogs+as+sentinels+for+environmental+contamination&rft.au=Backer%2C+L+C%3BGrindem%2C+C+B%3BCorbett%2C+W+T%3BCullins%2C+L%3BHunter%2C+J+L&rft.aulast=Backer&rft.aufirst=L&rft.date=2001-07-02&rft.volume=274&rft.issue=1-3&rft.spage=161&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Science+of+the+Total+Environment&rft.issn=00489697&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - SuppNotes - Thematic Issue: Toxicology and Risk Assessment Approaches. N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Canidae; Animals; Blood; Contamination; Bioindicators; Genotoxicity; Superfund; Lymphocytes; Environmental health; Pollution monitoring; Indicator species; Pets; Industrial sites ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Methodological issues of using observational human data in lung dosimetry models for particulates AN - 18095572; 5171323 AB - Introduction: The use of human data to calibrate and validate a physiologically based pharmacokinetic (PBPK) model has the clear advantage of pertaining to the species of interest, namely humans. A challenge in using these data is their often sparse, heterogeneous nature, which may require special methods. Approaches for evaluating sources of variability and uncertainty in a human lung dosimetry model are described in this study. Methods: A multivariate optimization procedure was used to fit a dosimetry model to data of 131 U.S. coal miners. These data include workplace exposures and end-of-life particle burdens in the lungs and hilar lymph nodes. Uncertainty in model structure was investigated by fitting various model forms for particle clearance and sequestration of particles in the lung interstitium. A sensitivity analysis was performed to determine which model parameters had the most influence on model output. Distributions of clearance parameters were estimated by fitting the model to each individual's data, and this information was used to predict inter-individual differences in lung particle burdens at given exposures. The influence of smoking history, race and pulmonary fibrosis on the individual's estimated clearance parameters was also evaluated. Results: The model structure that provided the best fit to these coal miner data includes a first-order interstitialization process and no dose-dependent decline in alveolar clearance. The parameter that had the largest influence on model output is fractional deposition. Race and fibrosis severity category were statistically significant predictors of individual's estimated alveolar clearance rate coefficients (P < 0.03 and P < 0.01-0.06, respectively), but smoking history (ever, never) was not (P < 0.4). Adjustments for these group differences provided some improvement in the dosimetry model fit (up to 25% reduction in the mean squared error), although unexplained inter-individual differences made up the largest source of variability. Lung burdens were inversely associated with the miners' estimated clearance parameters, e.g. individuals with slower estimated clearance had higher observed lung burdens. Conclusions: The methods described in this study were used to examine issues of uncertainty in the model structure and variability of the miners' estimated clearance parameters. Estimated individual clearance had a large influence on predicted lung burden, which would also affect disease risk. These findings are useful for risk assessment, by providing estimates of the distribution of lung burdens expected under given exposure conditions. JF - Science of the Total Environment AU - Kuempel, ED AU - Tran, C-L AU - Bailer, A J AU - Smith, R J AU - Dankovic, DA AU - Stayner, L T AD - National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, Cincinnati, OH, USA, ekuempel@cdc.gov Y1 - 2001/07/02/ PY - 2001 DA - 2001 Jul 02 SP - 67 EP - 77 PB - Elsevier Science B.V., P.O. Box 211 Amsterdam 1000 AE Netherlands, [mailto:nlinfo-f@elsevier.nl], [URL:http://www.elsevier.nl/] VL - 274 IS - 1-3 SN - 0048-9697, 0048-9697 KW - man KW - Health & Safety Science Abstracts; Pollution Abstracts; Toxicology Abstracts; Risk Abstracts KW - Particulate matter KW - Dosimetry KW - Mining KW - Respiratory system KW - Risk assessment KW - Coal KW - Particulates KW - Models KW - Dose-response effects KW - Occupational exposure KW - Pharmacokinetics KW - Lung KW - Occupational health KW - R2 23080:Industrial and labor KW - X 24222:Analytical procedures KW - R2 23060:Medical and environmental health KW - H 1000:Occupational Safety and Health KW - P 6000:TOXICOLOGY AND HEALTH UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/18095572?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Ariskabstracts&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Science+of+the+Total+Environment&rft.atitle=Methodological+issues+of+using+observational+human+data+in+lung+dosimetry+models+for+particulates&rft.au=Kuempel%2C+ED%3BTran%2C+C-L%3BBailer%2C+A+J%3BSmith%2C+R+J%3BDankovic%2C+DA%3BStayner%2C+L+T&rft.aulast=Kuempel&rft.aufirst=ED&rft.date=2001-07-02&rft.volume=274&rft.issue=1-3&rft.spage=67&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Science+of+the+Total+Environment&rft.issn=00489697&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - SuppNotes - Thematic Issue: Toxicology and Risk Assessment Approaches. N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Pharmacokinetics; Lung; Particulates; Mining; Respiratory system; Coal; Dose-response effects; Risk assessment; Occupational health; Dosimetry; Particulate matter; Models; Occupational exposure ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Maternal smoking and birth defects: validity of birth certificate data for effect estimation. AN - 71329435; 12037261 AB - The authors sought to assess the validity of birth certificate data for estimating the association between maternal smoking and birth defects. The US standard birth certificate includes check boxes for maternal smoking and for 21 congenital anomalies. The sensitivity and specificity of birth certificate data have been studied, but previous studies have not addressed the validity of these data for estimating the association between birth defects and maternal smoking or other risk factors. US public-use natality data (1997-1998) were used to calculate the prevalence ratio (adjusted for maternal age, race/ethnicity, and education) for the association between maternal smoking and 13 defects/defect categories. All analyses were restricted to 45 states, New York City, and the District of Columbia because they collect both maternal smoking and birth defect data. Maternal smoking was associated with an increased prevalence of hydrocephaly (adjusted prevalence ratio [PR] = 1.24; 95% confidence interval [CI] = 1.08, 1.43), microcephaly (PR 1.47; 95% CI 1.15, 1.88), omphalocele/gastroschisis (PR 1.37; 95% CI 1.22, 1.53), cleft lip/palate (PR 1.35; 95% CI 1.25, 1.45), clubfoot (PR 1.62; 95% CI 1.49, 1.75), and polydactyly/syndactyly/adactyly (PR 1.33; 95% CI 1.23, 1.43 ). Previous studies have indicated an association between maternal smoking and gastroschisis, oral clefts, and clubfoot with effect estimates of similar magnitude to this study. These findings suggest that birth certificate data may be useful for exploratory or corroborative studies estimating the association between birth defects and some risk factors recorded on birth certificates. JF - Public health reports (Washington, D.C. : 1974) AU - Honein, M A AU - Paulozzi, L J AU - Watkins, M L AD - National Center on Birth Defects and Developmental Disabilities, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Mailstop F-45, 4770 Buford Highway NE, Atlanta, GA 30341, USA. PY - 2001 SP - 327 EP - 335 VL - 116 IS - 4 SN - 0033-3549, 0033-3549 KW - Abridged Index Medicus KW - Index Medicus KW - Maternal Behavior KW - Reproducibility of Results KW - Risk Factors KW - Humans KW - Adult KW - Infant, Newborn KW - United States -- epidemiology KW - Maternal Exposure KW - Female KW - Prevalence KW - Pregnancy KW - Birth Certificates KW - Congenital Abnormalities -- classification KW - Smoking -- adverse effects KW - Congenital Abnormalities -- epidemiology KW - Congenital Abnormalities -- etiology KW - Smoking -- epidemiology KW - Prenatal Exposure Delayed Effects UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/71329435?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Public+health+reports+%28Washington%2C+D.C.+%3A+1974%29&rft.atitle=Maternal+smoking+and+birth+defects%3A+validity+of+birth+certificate+data+for+effect+estimation.&rft.au=Honein%2C+M+A%3BPaulozzi%2C+L+J%3BWatkins%2C+M+L&rft.aulast=Honein&rft.aufirst=M&rft.date=2001-07-01&rft.volume=116&rft.issue=4&rft.spage=327&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Public+health+reports+%28Washington%2C+D.C.+%3A+1974%29&rft.issn=00333549&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 2002-10-04 N1 - Date created - 2002-05-30 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Parental attitudes toward multiple poliovirus injections following a provider recommendation. AN - 71324378; 12037256 AB - Changes to the polio vaccination schedule, first to a sequential inactivated poliovirus/oral poliovirus (IPV/OPV) schedule in 1996 and most recently to an all-IPV schedule, require infants to receive additional injections. Some surveys show parental hesitation concerning extra injections, whereas others show that parents prefer multiple simultaneous injections over extra immunization visits. This study describes parental behavior and attitudes about the poliovirus vaccine recommendations and additional injections at the 2- and 4-month immunization visits. Beginning July 1, 1996, providers in eight public health clinics in Cobb and Douglas Counties, Georgia, informed parents of polio vaccination options and recommended the IPV/OPV sequential schedule. A cross-sectional clinic exit survey was conducted from July 15, 1996, to January 31, 1997, with parents whose infants (younger than 6 months) were eligible for a first poliovirus vaccination. Of approximately 405 eligible infants, parents of 293 infants were approached for an interview, and 227 agreed to participate. Of those 227 participants, 210 (92%) parents chose IPV for their infant and 17 (8%) chose OPV. Of greatest concern to most parents was vaccine-associated paralytic polio (VAPP) (155, or 68.3%); the next greatest concern was an extra injection (22, or 9.7%). These parental concerns were unrelated to the number of injections the infant actually received. After receiving information on polio vaccination options and a provider recommendation, parents overwhelmingly chose IPV over OPV. Concern about VAPP was more common than objection to an extra injection. The additional injection that results from using IPV for an infant's first poliovirus vaccination appears to be acceptable to most parents. JF - Public health reports (Washington, D.C. : 1974) AU - Kolasa, M S AU - Bisgard, K M AU - Prevots, D R AU - Desai, S N AU - Dibling, K AD - National Immunization Program, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, 1600 Clifton Road NE, MS E-52, Atlanta, GA 30333, USA. mkolasa@cdc.gov PY - 2001 SP - 282 EP - 288 VL - 116 IS - 4 SN - 0033-3549, 0033-3549 KW - Poliovirus Vaccines KW - 0 KW - Vaccines, Inactivated KW - Abridged Index Medicus KW - Index Medicus KW - Community Health Centers KW - Administration, Oral KW - Poliomyelitis -- chemically induced KW - Injections -- utilization KW - Health Care Surveys KW - Poliomyelitis -- transmission KW - Humans KW - Adult KW - Practice Guidelines as Topic KW - Vaccines, Inactivated -- administration & dosage KW - Georgia KW - Poliovirus Vaccines -- administration & dosage KW - Poliovirus Vaccines -- adverse effects KW - Patient Acceptance of Health Care -- statistics & numerical data KW - Immunization Schedule KW - Parents -- psychology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/71324378?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Public+health+reports+%28Washington%2C+D.C.+%3A+1974%29&rft.atitle=Parental+attitudes+toward+multiple+poliovirus+injections+following+a+provider+recommendation.&rft.au=Kolasa%2C+M+S%3BBisgard%2C+K+M%3BPrevots%2C+D+R%3BDesai%2C+S+N%3BDibling%2C+K&rft.aulast=Kolasa&rft.aufirst=M&rft.date=2001-07-01&rft.volume=116&rft.issue=4&rft.spage=282&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Public+health+reports+%28Washington%2C+D.C.+%3A+1974%29&rft.issn=00333549&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 2002-10-04 N1 - Date created - 2002-05-30 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Protection from sun exposure in US white children ages 6 months to 11 years. AN - 71323685; 12037264 AB - To estimate the prevalence of protection from sun exposure among US white children ages 6 months to 11 years. During the summer of 1998, using telephone directory lists supplemented by random-digit dialing, the authors surveyed parents living in the contiguous United States. They calculated weighted prevalence estimates for protection methods and conducted logistic regression analyses to determine parent and child characteristics predictive of protection behaviors. Parents of 1,055 white children were interviewed. Children spent a median of 20 hours per week outdoors during the summer, of which 10 hours were at school. Sunscreen (61.8%, 95% confidence interval [CI] 57%, 66%) and shade (26.5%, 95% CI 22%, 31%) were the most frequently reported protection methods. Parents reported higher rates of protection for younger children and children who sunburn easily. Parents report that a large proportion of white children is protected from sun exposure by one or more methods. Health care providers and educators might encourage the use of all methods of protection, not just sunscreen use, and educate older children to protect themselves from the sun. JF - Public health reports (Washington, D.C. : 1974) AU - Hall, H I AU - Jorgensen, C M AU - McDavid, K AU - Kraft, J M AU - Breslow, R AD - Surveillance Research Section, Division of Cancer Prevention and Control, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Mailstop K-53, 4770 Buford Highway, Atlanta, GA 30341, USA. ixh1@cdc.gov PY - 2001 SP - 353 EP - 361 VL - 116 IS - 4 SN - 0033-3549, 0033-3549 KW - Sunscreening Agents KW - 0 KW - Abridged Index Medicus KW - Index Medicus KW - United States KW - Family Characteristics KW - Telephone KW - Humans KW - Neoplasms, Radiation-Induced -- ethnology KW - Child KW - Child, Preschool KW - Infant KW - Health Care Surveys KW - Logistic Models KW - Adult KW - Surveys and Questionnaires KW - Neoplasms, Radiation-Induced -- prevention & control KW - Interviews as Topic KW - Middle Aged KW - Female KW - Male KW - Sunburn -- prevention & control KW - Protective Clothing -- utilization KW - Sunscreening Agents -- administration & dosage KW - Skin Neoplasms -- ethnology KW - European Continental Ancestry Group -- psychology KW - Health Behavior -- ethnology KW - Sunburn -- ethnology KW - Environmental Exposure -- prevention & control KW - Skin Neoplasms -- prevention & control KW - Child Welfare KW - Parents -- psychology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/71323685?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Public+health+reports+%28Washington%2C+D.C.+%3A+1974%29&rft.atitle=Protection+from+sun+exposure+in+US+white+children+ages+6+months+to+11+years.&rft.au=Hall%2C+H+I%3BJorgensen%2C+C+M%3BMcDavid%2C+K%3BKraft%2C+J+M%3BBreslow%2C+R&rft.aulast=Hall&rft.aufirst=H&rft.date=2001-07-01&rft.volume=116&rft.issue=4&rft.spage=353&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Public+health+reports+%28Washington%2C+D.C.+%3A+1974%29&rft.issn=00333549&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 2002-10-04 N1 - Date created - 2002-05-30 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Locational uncertainty in georeferencing public health datasets. AN - 71197343; 11571612 AB - The assignment of locational attributes to a study subject in epidemiologic analyses is commonly referred to as georeferencing. When georeferencing study subjects to a point location using their residential street address, most researchers rely on the street centerline data model. This study assessed the potential locational bias introduced using street centerline data. It also evaluated georeferencing effects on a location-dependent, exposure assessment process. For comparison purposes, subjects were georeferenced to the center of their residential parcel of land using digitized parcel maps. A total of 10,026 study subjects residing in Jefferson County, Alabama were georeferenced using both street centerline and residential parcel methods. The mean nondirectional, linear distance between points georeferenced using both methods was 246 ft with a range of 11 to 13,260 ft. Correlation coefficients comparing differences in exposure estimates were generated for all 10,026 subjects. Coefficients increased as the geographic areas of analysis around study subjects increased, indicating the influence of nondifferential exposure misclassification. JF - Journal of exposure analysis and environmental epidemiology AU - Dearwent, S M AU - Jacobs, R R AU - Halbert, J B AD - The Agency for Toxic Substances and Disease Registry, 1600 Clifton Road, NE, Mailstop E32, Atlanta, Georgia 30333, USA. sdearwent@cdc.gov PY - 2001 SP - 329 EP - 334 VL - 11 IS - 4 SN - 1053-4245, 1053-4245 KW - Index Medicus KW - Reference Values KW - Epidemiologic Studies KW - Humans KW - Environmental Exposure KW - Geography KW - Bias (Epidemiology) KW - Environmental Health KW - Databases, Factual KW - Public Health -- statistics & numerical data UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/71197343?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+exposure+analysis+and+environmental+epidemiology&rft.atitle=Locational+uncertainty+in+georeferencing+public+health+datasets.&rft.au=Dearwent%2C+S+M%3BJacobs%2C+R+R%3BHalbert%2C+J+B&rft.aulast=Dearwent&rft.aufirst=S&rft.date=2001-07-01&rft.volume=11&rft.issue=4&rft.spage=329&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+exposure+analysis+and+environmental+epidemiology&rft.issn=10534245&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 2001-10-11 N1 - Date created - 2001-09-25 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Measurement of bisphenol A levels in human urine. AN - 71196927; 11571611 AB - We report a new approach for assessing human exposure to bisphenol A (BPA) by measuring BPA in urine after enzymatic deglucuronidation. This method involves addition of (13)C(12)-labeled BPA, enzymatic deconjugation, solid-phase extraction, and derivatization with pentafluorobenzyl bromide. The product of the derivatization is separated by gas chromatography followed by mass spectrometric detection using negative chemical ionization and selected ion monitoring. Using this analysis method, urine samples fortified with both a constant level of labeled BPA and a range of unlabeled BPA levels (0.27-10.6 ng/ml) demonstrated constant percentage recovery. In addition, a range of urine sample volumes (0.25-10.0 ml) with constant amounts of added internal standard produced a linear response (r(2)=0.99). The method limit of detection was 0.12 ng/ml. This method was validated by duplicate analyses using gas chromatography coupled to a high-resolution mass spectrometer. JF - Journal of exposure analysis and environmental epidemiology AU - Brock, J W AU - Yoshimura, Y AU - Barr, J R AU - Maggio, V L AU - Graiser, S R AU - Nakazawa, H AU - Needham, L L AD - National Center for Environmental Health, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), Atlanta, Georgia, USA. jwb6@cdc.gov PY - 2001 SP - 323 EP - 328 VL - 11 IS - 4 SN - 1053-4245, 1053-4245 KW - Benzhydryl Compounds KW - 0 KW - Carbon Isotopes KW - Phenols KW - bisphenol A KW - MLT3645I99 KW - Index Medicus KW - Sensitivity and Specificity KW - Reference Values KW - Chemistry Techniques, Analytical -- methods KW - Humans KW - Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry KW - Environmental Exposure KW - Urinalysis KW - Phenols -- urine UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/71196927?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+exposure+analysis+and+environmental+epidemiology&rft.atitle=Measurement+of+bisphenol+A+levels+in+human+urine.&rft.au=Brock%2C+J+W%3BYoshimura%2C+Y%3BBarr%2C+J+R%3BMaggio%2C+V+L%3BGraiser%2C+S+R%3BNakazawa%2C+H%3BNeedham%2C+L+L&rft.aulast=Brock&rft.aufirst=J&rft.date=2001-07-01&rft.volume=11&rft.issue=4&rft.spage=323&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+exposure+analysis+and+environmental+epidemiology&rft.issn=10534245&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 2001-10-11 N1 - Date created - 2001-09-25 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - "Norwalk-like viruses" as a cause of foodborne disease outbreaks. AN - 71051416; 11479930 AB - While outbreaks of foodborne disease remain an important public health concern, their aetiology is not identified in a majority of instances. In targeted studies, the application of newly developed molecular assays has demonstrated that a large proportion of these outbreaks may be caused by the "Norwalk-like viruses" (NLV), a genus of genetically related viruses belonging to the family Caliciviridae. NLV outbreaks associated with consumption of faecally contaminated oysters are frequently reported and can best be controlled by preventing contamination of oyster-harvesting waters. Infectious foodhandlers are another frequent source of contamination, and such transmission can be minimised by exclusion of ill foodhandlers and the maintenance of strict personal hygiene. Molecular assays have greatly refined the epidemiological investigation of foodborne NLV outbreaks, allowing the linking of outbreaks in different locations and permitting the identification of the virus in the implicated vehicle. The development of simpler and more sensitive assays and their use on a broader scale will assist in defining the true burden of foodborne NLV outbreaks and improve strategies for their prevention and control. Copyright 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. JF - Reviews in medical virology AU - Parashar, U D AU - Monroe, S S AD - Respiratory and Enteric Viruses Branch, Division of Viral and Rickettsial Diseases, National Center for Infectious Diseases, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, 1600 Clifton Road, Atlanta, GA 30333, USA. UAP2@CDC.GOV PY - 2001 SP - 243 EP - 252 VL - 11 IS - 4 SN - 1052-9276, 1052-9276 KW - Index Medicus KW - Ostreidae -- virology KW - Animals KW - Humans KW - Caliciviridae Infections -- virology KW - Caliciviridae Infections -- epidemiology KW - Foodborne Diseases -- epidemiology KW - Norovirus -- isolation & purification KW - Foodborne Diseases -- etiology KW - Caliciviridae Infections -- diagnosis KW - Foodborne Diseases -- virology KW - Caliciviridae Infections -- transmission KW - Disease Outbreaks UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/71051416?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Reviews+in+medical+virology&rft.atitle=%22Norwalk-like+viruses%22+as+a+cause+of+foodborne+disease+outbreaks.&rft.au=Parashar%2C+U+D%3BMonroe%2C+S+S&rft.aulast=Parashar&rft.aufirst=U&rft.date=2001-07-01&rft.volume=11&rft.issue=4&rft.spage=243&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Reviews+in+medical+virology&rft.issn=10529276&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 2002-04-04 N1 - Date created - 2001-07-31 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Psychosocial factors associated with self-reported male condom use among women attending public health clinics. AN - 71037619; 11460022 AB - Previous research has identified factors associated with condom use. However, less information exists on the impact that a history of sexually transmitted disease (STD) has on condom use. To identify factors associated with self-reported male condom use that relate to a history of STD. Women attending STD clinics completed a survey that assessed sexual behavior, STD history, and psychosocial characteristics. Binomial regression was used to estimate the association between these factors and condom use. Of the 12 factors included in the regression model, 11 were significant for all women. When the analysis was stratified by STD history, high condom use self-efficacy, high convenience of condom use, and high frequency of condom use requests were significantly associated with increased condom use among women with or without a history of STD. Factors such as greater perceived condom use norms, higher perceived level of risk, and greater need for condom use in long-term relationships were significantly associated with increased condom use among women with a history of STD. Factors such as shorter duration of a relationship, less violence in the relationship, and lifetime drug use were associated with increased condom use among women with no history of STD. The pattern of psychosocial factors determining condom use is modified by a positive history of STD. These findings suggest that a history of STD could be an important factor in targeting condom use interventions. JF - Sexually transmitted diseases AU - Posner, S F AU - Pulley, L V AU - Artz, L AU - Cabral, R AU - Macaluso, M AD - Division of Reproductive Health, National Center for Chronic Disease Prevention and Health Promotion, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia 30333, USA. Y1 - 2001/07// PY - 2001 DA - July 2001 SP - 387 EP - 393 VL - 28 IS - 7 SN - 0148-5717, 0148-5717 KW - Index Medicus KW - Regression Analysis KW - Educational Status KW - Sex Factors KW - Risk-Taking KW - Humans KW - Needs Assessment KW - Substance-Related Disorders -- psychology KW - Alabama -- epidemiology KW - Factor Analysis, Statistical KW - Risk Factors KW - Adult KW - Surveys and Questionnaires KW - Substance-Related Disorders -- complications KW - Adolescent KW - Violence -- psychology KW - Female KW - Male KW - Women -- psychology KW - Sexually Transmitted Diseases -- psychology KW - Condoms -- utilization KW - Attitude to Health KW - Men -- psychology KW - Sexual Partners -- psychology KW - Sexually Transmitted Diseases -- epidemiology KW - Sexually Transmitted Diseases -- etiology KW - Health Knowledge, Attitudes, Practice KW - Sexually Transmitted Diseases -- prevention & control KW - Sexual Behavior -- psychology KW - Sexually Transmitted Diseases -- transmission KW - Sexual Behavior -- statistics & numerical data UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/71037619?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Sexually+transmitted+diseases&rft.atitle=Psychosocial+factors+associated+with+self-reported+male+condom+use+among+women+attending+public+health+clinics.&rft.au=Posner%2C+S+F%3BPulley%2C+L+V%3BArtz%2C+L%3BCabral%2C+R%3BMacaluso%2C+M&rft.aulast=Posner&rft.aufirst=S&rft.date=2001-07-01&rft.volume=28&rft.issue=7&rft.spage=387&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Sexually+transmitted+diseases&rft.issn=01485717&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 2001-08-30 N1 - Date created - 2001-07-19 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Indoor respirable particulate matter concentrations from an open fire, improved cookstove, and LPG/open fire combination in a rural Guatemalan community. AN - 71015060; 11452588 AB - Improved biomass cookstoves have the potential to reduce pollutant emissions and thereby reduce pollution exposure among populations in developing countries who cook daily with biomass fuels. However, evaluation of such interventions has been very limited. This article presents results from a study carried out in 30 households in rural Guatemala. Twenty-four hour PM3.5 concentrations were compared over 8 months for three fuel/cookstove conditions (n = 10 households for each condition): a traditional open fire cookstove, an improved cookstove called the plancha mejorada, and a liquefied petroleum gas (LPG) stove/open fire combination. Twenty-four hour geometric mean PM3.5 concentrations were 1560 micrograms/m3 (n = 58; 95% C.I. 1310, 1850), 280 micrograms/m3 (n = 59; 95% C.I. 240-320), and 850 micrograms/m3 (n = 60; 95% C.I. 680-1050) for the open fire, plancha, and LPG/open fire combination, respectively. A generalized estimating equation model showed a 45% reduction in PM3.5 concentrations for the LPG/open fire combination as compared to the open fire alone. The difference approached significance (p < 0.0737). The plancha showed an 85% reduction in PM3.5 concentrations as compared to the open fire (p < 0.0001). An analysis of the interaction of time with stove type showed that the temporal trend in pollution did not significantly differ among the three stove types. The reduced PM3.5 concentrations were maintained over time. Season did not affect pollutant concentrations. Of the two interventions, the plancha appears to offer the best prospects for achieving substantial reductions in indoor air pollution levels, although issues of cost and stove maintenance remain to be addressed. JF - Environmental science & technology AU - Albalak, R AU - Bruce, N AU - McCracken, J P AU - Smith, K R AU - De Gallardo, T AD - Department of International Health, Rollins School of Public Health of Emory University, 1518 Clifton Road, N.E., Atlanta, Georgia 30322, USA. rka3@cdc.gov Y1 - 2001/07/01/ PY - 2001 DA - 2001 Jul 01 SP - 2650 EP - 2655 VL - 35 IS - 13 SN - 0013-936X, 0013-936X KW - Index Medicus KW - Environmental Monitoring KW - Fires KW - Equipment Design KW - Rural Population KW - Particle Size KW - Humans KW - Guatemala KW - Biomass KW - Models, Theoretical KW - Air Pollution, Indoor -- analysis KW - Cooking UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/71015060?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Environmental+science+%26+technology&rft.atitle=Indoor+respirable+particulate+matter+concentrations+from+an+open+fire%2C+improved+cookstove%2C+and+LPG%2Fopen+fire+combination+in+a+rural+Guatemalan+community.&rft.au=Albalak%2C+R%3BBruce%2C+N%3BMcCracken%2C+J+P%3BSmith%2C+K+R%3BDe+Gallardo%2C+T&rft.aulast=Albalak&rft.aufirst=R&rft.date=2001-07-01&rft.volume=35&rft.issue=13&rft.spage=2650&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Environmental+science+%26+technology&rft.issn=0013936X&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 2001-12-04 N1 - Date created - 2001-07-16 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Reliability and validity of chest radiograph surveillance programs. AN - 71005993; 11451817 AB - Due to the lack of consensus in the literature in the use of posteroanterior (PA) vs PA with right and left oblique views as the optimum radiograph surveillance methodology to investigate pleural changes, a study was undertaken to evaluate the reliability, sensitivity, and specificity of these two approaches. Three experienced radiologist B readers used the 1980 International Labor Office classification system for pneumoconiosis to independently read chest radiographs of workers with individual identifiers masked. All radiographs were read first as a PA view only. Unknown to the B readers, each subject's PA was then matched to his or her corresponding right and left oblique views (film triad) and re-read several weeks later. The respiratory health of 652 workers exposed to refractory ceramic fiber was assessed as part of cross-sectional and longitudinal surveillance programs. kappa Statistics for interreader and intrareader reliability between the PA view and film triad methods were calculated. Sensitivity, specificity, and positive predictive value were assessed by comparing the initial cross-sectional study to the longitudinal study. The film triad method had considerably higher interreader reliability (kappa = 0.59) compared to the PA-only method (kappa = 0.44). Results from the initial cross-sectional study were then compared to findings evaluated longitudinally. The film triad again was superior, demonstrating a positive predictive value of 73.7% compared to only 47.8% for the PA method. It is our recommendation that the film triad method be used in surveillance studies where both parenchymal and pleural changes are anticipated. JF - Chest AU - Lawson, C C AU - LeMasters, M K AU - Kawas Lemasters, G AU - Simpson Reutman, S AU - Rice, C H AU - Lockey, J E AD - University of Cincinnati, College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH 45226-1998, USA. CJL9@CDC.GOV Y1 - 2001/07// PY - 2001 DA - July 2001 SP - 64 EP - 68 VL - 120 IS - 1 SN - 0012-3692, 0012-3692 KW - Mineral Fibers KW - 0 KW - RCF-1 fiber KW - Kaolin KW - 24H4NWX5CO KW - Abridged Index Medicus KW - Index Medicus KW - Sensitivity and Specificity KW - Ceramics KW - Mineral Fibers -- adverse effects KW - Kaolin -- adverse effects KW - Cross-Sectional Studies KW - Humans KW - Pleura -- diagnostic imaging KW - Predictive Value of Tests KW - Follow-Up Studies KW - Observer Variation KW - Longitudinal Studies KW - Occupational Diseases -- diagnostic imaging KW - Pleural Diseases -- etiology KW - Pleural Diseases -- diagnostic imaging KW - Radiography, Thoracic UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/71005993?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Chest&rft.atitle=Reliability+and+validity+of+chest+radiograph+surveillance+programs.&rft.au=Lawson%2C+C+C%3BLeMasters%2C+M+K%3BKawas+Lemasters%2C+G%3BSimpson+Reutman%2C+S%3BRice%2C+C+H%3BLockey%2C+J+E&rft.aulast=Lawson&rft.aufirst=C&rft.date=2001-07-01&rft.volume=120&rft.issue=1&rft.spage=64&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Chest&rft.issn=00123692&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 2001-08-09 N1 - Date created - 2001-07-13 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Rapid assessment of sexual behavior, drug use, human immunodeficiency virus, and sexually transmitted diseases in northern thai youth using audio-computer-assisted self-interviewing and noninvasive specimen collection. AN - 70983452; 11433092 AB - Drug use, unwanted pregnancy, human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection, and sexually transmitted diseases are serious health problems among Thai youth. The gravity of these problems demands high-quality data to direct public health policy and prevention programs. Previous studies of stigmatized behaviors have been hampered by participation bias and underreporting. To evaluate sexual behavior, disease, and drug use, we used audio-computer-assisted self-interviewing (ACASI) and noninvasive specimen collection methods. We also evaluated effectiveness of these methods in minimizing participation bias and underreporting. In late 1999, students aged 15 to 21 years attending 3 vocational schools were invited to participate in a cross-sectional survey. Consenting students completed a classroom-based ACASI interview using a confidential code number system. Oral fluid specimens were tested for HIV antibodies, and urine was tested for chlamydial and gonococcal nucleic acids, methamphetamines, and opiates. Of 1736 invited students, 1725 (99%) agreed to participate. Of these, 48% of the male students and 43% of the female students reported ever having had sexual intercourse. Overall, the mean number of lifetime sexual partners was 4.6 among male participants (median: 2) and 2.8 among female participants (median: 1). Consistent use of condoms with steady partners was reported by 16% of male participants and 11% of female participants who had such partners. Of all male participants, 7% had ever paid for sex, 3% had ever sold sex, and 7% had ever been coerced to have sex. Of all female participants, 3% had ever sold sex and 21% had ever been coerced to have sex. Among women with a history of sexual intercourse, 27% reported at least 1 pregnancy. Of these pregnancies, 83% were terminated. Among those with sexual intercourse experience, the prevalence of HIV infection was 0.5%; of infection with Neisseria gonorrhoeae, 0.4%; and of infection with Chlamydia trachomatis, 5%. Twenty-nine percent of students reported ever having used methamphetamines. Ten percent had a methamphetamine-positive urine test. In the ACASI interview, 16% of these denied ever having used methamphetamines. The prevalence of opiate positive urine tests was low (0.2%). This study shows that adolescents and young adults in Chiang Rai are at high risk for having unprotected intercourse, being coerced to have sex, unwanted pregnancy, sexually transmitted diseases, and drug use. The high enrollment rate demonstrates the feasibility and acceptability of using ACASI and noninvasive specimen collection methods in a developing country. ACASI use may lead to increased, but not to complete, self-reporting of sensitive behaviors. JF - Pediatrics AU - van Griensven, F AU - Supawitkul, S AU - Kilmarx, P H AU - Limpakarnjanarat, K AU - Young, N L AU - Manopaiboon, C AU - Mock, P A AU - Korattana, S AU - Mastro, T D AD - HIV/AIDS Collaboration, Nonthaburi, Thailand. fav1@cdc.gov Y1 - 2001/07// PY - 2001 DA - July 2001 SP - 1 VL - 108 IS - 1 KW - Biomarkers KW - 0 KW - Abridged Index Medicus KW - Index Medicus KW - Computers KW - Humans KW - Audiovisual Aids KW - Pregnancy, Unwanted -- statistics & numerical data KW - Predictive Value of Tests KW - Specimen Handling -- methods KW - Risk Assessment KW - Pregnancy KW - Cross-Sectional Studies KW - Feasibility Studies KW - Adult KW - Surveys and Questionnaires KW - Thailand -- epidemiology KW - Adolescent KW - Female KW - Male KW - Prevalence KW - Substance-Related Disorders -- diagnosis KW - Sexually Transmitted Diseases -- diagnosis KW - Biomarkers -- analysis KW - HIV Infections -- etiology KW - Truth Disclosure KW - HIV Infections -- epidemiology KW - HIV Infections -- diagnosis KW - Substance-Related Disorders -- epidemiology KW - Sexually Transmitted Diseases -- epidemiology KW - Sexual Behavior -- statistics & numerical data UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/70983452?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Pediatrics&rft.atitle=Rapid+assessment+of+sexual+behavior%2C+drug+use%2C+human+immunodeficiency+virus%2C+and+sexually+transmitted+diseases+in+northern+thai+youth+using+audio-computer-assisted+self-interviewing+and+noninvasive+specimen+collection.&rft.au=van+Griensven%2C+F%3BSupawitkul%2C+S%3BKilmarx%2C+P+H%3BLimpakarnjanarat%2C+K%3BYoung%2C+N+L%3BManopaiboon%2C+C%3BMock%2C+P+A%3BKorattana%2C+S%3BMastro%2C+T+D&rft.aulast=van+Griensven&rft.aufirst=F&rft.date=2001-07-01&rft.volume=108&rft.issue=1&rft.spage=E13&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Pediatrics&rft.issn=1098-4275&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 2001-11-01 N1 - Date created - 2001-07-02 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Estimated prevalence of noise-induced hearing threshold shifts among children 6 to 19 years of age: the Third National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey, 1988-1994, United States. AN - 70975697; 11433052 AB - This analysis estimates the first nationally representative prevalence of noise-induced hearing threshold shifts (NITS) among US children. Historically, NITS has not been considered a common cause of childhood hearing problems. Among children, NITS can be a progressive problem with continued exposure to excessive noise, which can lead to high-frequency sound discrimination difficulties (eg, speech consonants and whistles). The Third National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES III) was conducted from 1988 to 1994. NHANES III is a national population-based cross-sectional survey with a household interview, audiometric testing at 0.5 to 8 kHz, and compliance testing. A total of 5249 children aged 6 to 19 years completed audiometry and compliance testing for both ears in NHANES III. The criteria used to assess NITS included audiometry indicating a noise notch in at least 1 ear. Of US children 6 to 19 years old, 12.5% (approximately 5.2 million) are estimated to have NITS in 1 or both ears. In the majority of the children meeting NITS criteria, only 1 ear and only 1 frequency are affected. In this analysis, all children identified with NITS passed compliance testing, which essentially rules out middle ear disorders such as conductive hearing loss. The prevalence estimate of NITS differed by sociodemographics, including age and sex. These findings suggest that children are being exposed to excessive amounts of hazardous levels of noise, and children's hearing is vulnerable to these exposures. These data support the need for research on appropriate hearing conservation methods and for NITS screening programs among school-aged children. Public health interventions such as education, training, audiometric testing, exposure assessment, hearing protection, and noise control when feasible are all components of occupational hearing conservation that could be adapted to children's needs with children-specific research. JF - Pediatrics AU - Niskar, A S AU - Kieszak, S M AU - Holmes, A E AU - Esteban, E AU - Rubin, C AU - Brody, D J AD - National Center for Environmental Health, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia, USA. aniskar@cdc.gov Y1 - 2001/07// PY - 2001 DA - July 2001 SP - 40 EP - 43 VL - 108 IS - 1 KW - Abridged Index Medicus KW - Index Medicus KW - Audiometry KW - Humans KW - African Americans -- statistics & numerical data KW - Mexican Americans -- statistics & numerical data KW - European Continental Ancestry Group -- statistics & numerical data KW - Child KW - Mass Screening -- methods KW - Population Surveillance KW - Cross-Sectional Studies KW - Acoustic Impedance Tests KW - Adult KW - Adolescent KW - United States -- epidemiology KW - Female KW - Male KW - Prevalence KW - Hearing Loss, Noise-Induced -- physiopathology KW - Hearing Loss, Noise-Induced -- ethnology KW - Hearing Loss, Noise-Induced -- epidemiology KW - Auditory Threshold KW - Hearing Tests KW - Hearing Loss, Noise-Induced -- prevention & control KW - Hearing Loss, Noise-Induced -- diagnosis UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/70975697?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Pediatrics&rft.atitle=Estimated+prevalence+of+noise-induced+hearing+threshold+shifts+among+children+6+to+19+years+of+age%3A+the+Third+National+Health+and+Nutrition+Examination+Survey%2C+1988-1994%2C+United+States.&rft.au=Niskar%2C+A+S%3BKieszak%2C+S+M%3BHolmes%2C+A+E%3BEsteban%2C+E%3BRubin%2C+C%3BBrody%2C+D+J&rft.aulast=Niskar&rft.aufirst=A&rft.date=2001-07-01&rft.volume=108&rft.issue=1&rft.spage=40&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Pediatrics&rft.issn=1098-4275&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 2001-11-01 N1 - Date created - 2001-07-02 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - SuppNotes - Comment In: Pediatrics. 2002 May;109(5):987-8 [11986471] N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Structure and dissemination of a chromosomal insertion element encoding macrolide efflux in Streptococcus pneumoniae. AN - 70917190; 11398110 AB - Macrolide resistance associated with macrolide efflux (mef) has rapidly increased in Streptococcus pneumoniae. We defined the genetic structure and dissemination of a novel mefE-containing chromosomal insertion element. The mefE gene was found on the 5' end of a 5.5- or 5.4-kb insertion designated as the macrolide efflux genetic assembly (mega), which is found in > or =4 distinct sites of the pneumococcal genome. The element was transformable and conferred macrolide resistance to susceptible S. pneumoniae. The first 2 open-reading frames (ORFs) of the element formed an operon composed of mefE and a predicted adenosine triphosphate-binding cassette homologous to msrA. Convergent to this efflux operon were 3 ORFs with homology to stress response genes of Tn5252. Mega was related to the recently described mefA-containing element Tn1207.1 but lacked the genes necessary for transposition and had unique termini and insertion sites. In metropolitan Atlanta, macrolide resistance due to mega rapidly increased in S. pneumoniae by clonal expansion and horizontally by transformation. JF - The Journal of infectious diseases AU - Gay, K AU - Stephens, D S AD - Departments of Medicine and of Microbiology and Immunology, Emory University School of Medicine, and Department of Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Atlanta, Georgia, USA. kkg6@cdc.gov Y1 - 2001/07/01/ PY - 2001 DA - 2001 Jul 01 SP - 56 EP - 65 VL - 184 IS - 1 SN - 0022-1899, 0022-1899 KW - Bacterial Proteins KW - 0 KW - MefA protein, Streptococcus KW - MefE protein, Streptococcus pneumoniae KW - Membrane Proteins KW - Membrane Transport Proteins KW - msrA protein, Staphylococcus epidermidis KW - Abridged Index Medicus KW - Index Medicus KW - Sequence Alignment KW - Open Reading Frames KW - Operon KW - Molecular Sequence Data KW - Electrophoresis, Gel, Pulsed-Field KW - Amino Acid Sequence KW - Membrane Proteins -- genetics KW - Bacterial Proteins -- genetics KW - Chromosomes, Bacterial KW - Nucleic Acid Conformation KW - Mutagenesis, Insertional KW - Streptococcus pneumoniae -- genetics UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/70917190?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Journal+of+infectious+diseases&rft.atitle=Structure+and+dissemination+of+a+chromosomal+insertion+element+encoding+macrolide+efflux+in+Streptococcus+pneumoniae.&rft.au=Gay%2C+K%3BStephens%2C+D+S&rft.aulast=Gay&rft.aufirst=K&rft.date=2001-07-01&rft.volume=184&rft.issue=1&rft.spage=56&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=The+Journal+of+infectious+diseases&rft.issn=00221899&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 2001-07-26 N1 - Date created - 2001-06-08 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Genetic sequence - AF274302; GENBANK N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - HIV in the United States at the Turn of the Century: An Epidemic in Transition AN - 19922780; 5303863 AB - The current status of and changes in the HIV epidemic in the United States are described. Surveillance data were used to evaluate time trends in AIDS diagnoses and deaths. Estimates of HIV incidence were derived from studies done during the 1990s; time trends in recent HIV incidence were inferred from HIV diagnoses and seroprevalence rates among young persons. Numbers of deaths and AIDS diagnoses decreased dramatically during 1996 and 1997 but stabilized or declined only slightly during 1998 and 1999. Proportional decreases were smallest among African American women, women in the South, and persons infected through heterosexual contact. HIV incidence has been roughly constant since 1992 in most populations with time trend data, remains highest among men who have sex with men and injection drug users, and typically is higher among African Americans than other racial/ethnic groups. The epidemic increasingly affects women, minorities, persons infected through heterosexual contact, and the poor. Renewed interest and investment in HIV and AIDS surveillance and surveillance of behaviours associated with HIV transmission are essential to direct resources for prevention to populations with greatest need and to evaluate intervention programs. JF - American Journal of Public Health AU - Karon, J M AU - Fleming, P L AU - Steketee, R W AU - De Cock, KM AD - Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), Atlanta, GA, USA, jkaron@cdc.gov Y1 - 2001/07// PY - 2001 DA - Jul 2001 SP - 1060 EP - 1068 VL - 91 IS - 7 SN - 0090-0036, 0090-0036 KW - HIV KW - Program Implementation KW - drug abuse KW - sexual behavior KW - sexually transmitted diseases KW - Sustainability Science Abstracts; Human Population; Health & Safety Science Abstracts; Virology & AIDS Abstracts KW - Acquired immune deficiency syndrome KW - Epidemics KW - Sexually-transmitted diseases KW - Transmission KW - Socioeconomics KW - Social aspects KW - Race differences KW - Drug abuse KW - Sexual behavior KW - Public health KW - Epidemiology KW - Human immunodeficiency virus KW - Social environment KW - Females KW - Ethnic groups KW - H 11000:Diseases/Injuries/Trauma KW - M3 1010:Issues in Sustainable Development KW - V 22005:AIDS: Epidemiological aspects KW - M1 300:Public Health and Risk Factors UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/19922780?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Assamodule&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=American+Journal+of+Public+Health&rft.atitle=HIV+in+the+United+States+at+the+Turn+of+the+Century%3A+An+Epidemic+in+Transition&rft.au=Karon%2C+J+M%3BFleming%2C+P+L%3BSteketee%2C+R+W%3BDe+Cock%2C+KM&rft.aulast=Karon&rft.aufirst=J&rft.date=2001-07-01&rft.volume=91&rft.issue=7&rft.spage=1060&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=American+Journal+of+Public+Health&rft.issn=00900036&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2002-02-01 N1 - Last updated - 2015-03-24 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Acquired immune deficiency syndrome; Epidemics; Sexually-transmitted diseases; Transmission; Social aspects; Race differences; Drug abuse; Sexual behavior; Public health; Epidemiology; Social environment; Females; Ethnic groups; Socioeconomics; Human immunodeficiency virus ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Binge Drinking Among Undergraduate College Students in the United States: Implications for Other Substance Use AN - 18098866; 5185318 AB - The authors examined the relationship between binge drinking and other substance use among US college students, using nationally representative data from the 1995 National College Health Risk Behavior Survey implemented by the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. Compared with nonbinge drinkers, current binge drinkers were significantly more likely to report "ever" using and current use of cigarettes, marijuana, cocaine, and other illegal drugs. The researchers also found that the more often students binge drank, the more likely they were to have ever used cigarettes, marijuana, cocaine, and other drugs, and the more likely they were to report current use of cigarettes and marijuana. Those who design programs to prevent binge drinking and use of other substances should take into account the reality that many students use more than one substance and that the more frequently students report binge drinking, the more likely they are to be using other substances as well. JF - Journal of American College Health AU - Jones, SE AU - Oeltmann, J AU - Wilson, T W AU - Brener, N D AU - Hill, C V AD - Division of Adolescent and School Health, National Center for Chronic Disease Prevention and Health Promotion, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia, USA Y1 - 2001/07// PY - 2001 DA - Jul 2001 SP - 33 EP - 38 VL - 50 IS - 1 SN - 0744-8481, 0744-8481 KW - USA KW - binge drinking KW - college students KW - substance abuse KW - Risk Abstracts; Health & Safety Science Abstracts; Physical Education Index KW - Alcohol KW - College students KW - Health (hazards) KW - Drugs (usage) KW - R2 23060:Medical and environmental health KW - H 4000:Food and Drugs KW - PE 030:Exercise, Health & Physical Fitness UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/18098866?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Ariskabstracts&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+American+College+Health&rft.atitle=Binge+Drinking+Among+Undergraduate+College+Students+in+the+United+States%3A+Implications+for+Other+Substance+Use&rft.au=Jones%2C+SE%3BOeltmann%2C+J%3BWilson%2C+T+W%3BBrener%2C+N+D%3BHill%2C+C+V&rft.aulast=Jones&rft.aufirst=SE&rft.date=2001-07-01&rft.volume=50&rft.issue=1&rft.spage=33&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+American+College+Health&rft.issn=07448481&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - Physical Education Index; ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - College students; Alcohol; Drugs (usage); Health (hazards) ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Blood pressure, left ventricular mass, and lead exposure in battery manufacturing workers AN - 18083818; 5166631 AB - Background: Although debate about the relationship between lead and blood pressure has focused on low environmental lead levels, industrial exposure remains a concern. Methods: We measured blood pressure and left ventricular mass (LVM) in 108 battery manufacturing workers and calculated cumulative and historic average measures of blood lead. Results Diastolic pressure increased with increasing lead levels, with a significant (P = 0.04) 5 mmHg difference in mean pressure between the highest and lowest cumulative exposure levels. Diastolic pressure increased with the log of cumulative lead (P = 0.06). Both hypertension (defined as currently medicated or systolic > 160 mmHg or diastolic > 95 mmHg) and LVM increased nonsignificantly with increasing lead exposure (P-values greater than or equal to 0.17 for hypertension and greater than or equal to 0.20 for LVM). Conclusions: We found a small effect of blood lead on diastolic blood pressure, particularly for a cumulative measure of exposure, but no convincing evidence of associations between lead and other blood-pressure-related outcomes. JF - American Journal of Industrial Medicine AU - Tepper, A AU - Mueller, C AU - Singal, M AU - Sagar, K AD - Division of Surveillance, Hazard Evaluations, and Field Studies, National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, 4676 Columbia Parkway R-10, Cincinnati, OH 45226, USA, atepper@cdc.gov Y1 - 2001/07// PY - 2001 DA - Jul 2001 SP - 63 EP - 72 VL - 40 IS - 1 SN - 0271-3586, 0271-3586 KW - man KW - chronic exposure KW - blood pressure KW - hypertension KW - Toxicology Abstracts; Health & Safety Science Abstracts KW - Manufacturing industry KW - Blood pressure KW - Lead KW - Batteries KW - Industrial pollution KW - Occupational exposure KW - H 1000:Occupational Safety and Health KW - X 24162:Chronic exposure UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/18083818?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxicologyabstracts&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=American+Journal+of+Industrial+Medicine&rft.atitle=Blood+pressure%2C+left+ventricular+mass%2C+and+lead+exposure+in+battery+manufacturing+workers&rft.au=Tepper%2C+A%3BMueller%2C+C%3BSingal%2C+M%3BSagar%2C+K&rft.aulast=Tepper&rft.aufirst=A&rft.date=2001-07-01&rft.volume=40&rft.issue=1&rft.spage=63&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=American+Journal+of+Industrial+Medicine&rft.issn=02713586&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Occupational exposure; Lead; Manufacturing industry; Batteries; Blood pressure; Industrial pollution ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Peripheral neuropathy in workers exposed to nitromethane AN - 18083088; 5166633 AB - Background: Two workers from a headlight subassembly plant developed severe peripheral neuropathy. These workers had extensive, but brief (1-2 months) dermal and inhalational exposure to nitromethane, a solvent. Methods: Environmental sampling was performed for nitromethane and ethyl cyanoacrylate. Medical records, including electrodiagnostic studies, were reviewed. Literature on nitromethane, ethyl cyanoacrylate, and other exposures in the workplace was reviewed. Results: Electromyography and nerve conduction studies performed on these patients were consistent with a severe, axonal neuropathy. No etiology was discovered despite an extensive medical evaluation. Environmental sampling revealed exposure to nitromethane at the threshold limit value. Conclusions: The history of acute onset of severe peripheral neuropathy temporally associated with exposure to nitromethane is suggestive of a toxic neuropathy. While it cannot be definitively concluded that these two workers developed peripheral neuropathy secondary to exposures at work, occupational exposure to nitromethane appears to be the most likely etiology. JF - American Journal of Industrial Medicine AU - Page, E H AU - Pajeau, A K AU - Arnold, T C AU - Fincher, A R AU - Goddard, MJ AD - NIOSH, 4676 Columbia Parkway, MS R-10, Cincinnati, Ohio 45226-1998, USA, edp7@cdc.gov Y1 - 2001/07// PY - 2001 DA - Jul 2001 SP - 107 EP - 113 VL - 40 IS - 1 SN - 0271-3586, 0271-3586 KW - man KW - neuropathy KW - nitromethane KW - peripheral nervous system KW - CSA Neurosciences Abstracts; Toxicology Abstracts; Health & Safety Science Abstracts KW - Solvents KW - Peripheral nervous system KW - Occupational exposure KW - Neuropathy KW - H 1000:Occupational Safety and Health KW - N3 11105:Primates KW - X 24152:Chronic exposure UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/18083088?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxicologyabstracts&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=American+Journal+of+Industrial+Medicine&rft.atitle=Peripheral+neuropathy+in+workers+exposed+to+nitromethane&rft.au=Page%2C+E+H%3BPajeau%2C+A+K%3BArnold%2C+T+C%3BFincher%2C+A+R%3BGoddard%2C+MJ&rft.aulast=Page&rft.aufirst=E&rft.date=2001-07-01&rft.volume=40&rft.issue=1&rft.spage=107&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=American+Journal+of+Industrial+Medicine&rft.issn=02713586&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Solvents; Occupational exposure; Neuropathy; Peripheral nervous system ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Effect of Permethrin-Impregnated Nets on Exiting Behavior, Blood Feeding Success, and Time of Feeding of Malaria Mosquitoes (Diptera: Culicidae) in Western Kenya AN - 18081131; 5162100 AB - The impact of permethrin-treated bednets on the feeding and house entering/exiting behavior of malaria vectors was assessed in two studies in western Kenya. In one study, matched pairs of houses were allocated randomly to receive bednets or no bednets. Exiting mosquitoes were collected in Colombian curtains hung around half of each house; indoor resting mosquitoes were collected by pyrethrum spray catches. The number of Anopheles gambiae Giles and An. arabiensis Patton estimated to have entered the houses was unaffected by the presence of bednets; Anopheles funestus Giles was less likely to enter a house if bednets were present. Anopheles gambiae and An. funestus were less likely to obtain a blood meal and significantly more likely to exit houses when bednets were present. No difference was detected in An. arabiensis rates of blood feeding and exiting. In a second experiment, hourly night biting collections were done on 13 nights during the rainy season to assess whether village-wide use of permethrin-treated bednets caused a shift in the time of biting of malaria vectors. A statistically significant shift was detected in the biting times of An. gambiae s.l. although the observed differences were small. No change was observed in the hourly distribution of An. funestus biting. Our study demonstrated that, at least in the short-term, bednets reduced human-vector contact and blood feeding success but did not lead to changes in the biting times of the malaria vectors in western Kenya. JF - Journal of Medical Entomology AU - Mathenge, E M AU - Gimnig, JE AU - Kolczak, M AU - Ombok, M AU - Irungu, L W AU - Hawley, WA AD - Kenya Medical Research Institute, Vector Biology and Control Research Center, CDC Section, P.O. Box 1578, Kisumu, Kenya Y1 - 2001/07// PY - 2001 DA - July 2001 SP - 531 EP - 536 VL - 38 IS - 4 SN - 0022-2585, 0022-2585 KW - Diptera KW - Kenya KW - Mosquitoes KW - blood meals KW - permethrin KW - Animal Behavior Abstracts; ASFA 3: Aquatic Pollution & Environmental Quality; ASFA 1: Biological Sciences & Living Resources; Entomology Abstracts KW - Anopheles arabiensis KW - Biological vectors KW - Human diseases KW - Temporal variations KW - Anopheles KW - Control programs KW - Disease control KW - Vectors KW - Culicidae KW - Pest control KW - Malaria KW - Blood meals KW - Freshwater KW - Anopheles gambiae KW - Insecticides KW - Feeding behaviour KW - Anopheles funestus KW - Feeding behavior KW - Z 05206:Medical & veterinary entomology KW - Q5 08524:Public health, medicines, dangerous organisms KW - Q1 08425:Nutrition and feeding habits KW - Y 25883:Insects UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/18081131?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aasfaaquaticpollution&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Medical+Entomology&rft.atitle=Effect+of+Permethrin-Impregnated+Nets+on+Exiting+Behavior%2C+Blood+Feeding+Success%2C+and+Time+of+Feeding+of+Malaria+Mosquitoes+%28Diptera%3A+Culicidae%29+in+Western+Kenya&rft.au=Mathenge%2C+E+M%3BGimnig%2C+JE%3BKolczak%2C+M%3BOmbok%2C+M%3BIrungu%2C+L+W%3BHawley%2C+WA&rft.aulast=Mathenge&rft.aufirst=E&rft.date=2001-07-01&rft.volume=38&rft.issue=4&rft.spage=531&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+Medical+Entomology&rft.issn=00222585&rft_id=info:doi/10.1043%2F0022-2585%282001%29038%280531%3AEOPINO%292.0.CO%3B2 LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Last updated - 2016-05-27 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Biological vectors; Human diseases; Insecticides; Feeding behaviour; Temporal variations; Disease control; Malaria; Pest control; Control programs; Vectors; Blood meals; Feeding behavior; Anopheles arabiensis; Anopheles; Culicidae; Anopheles funestus; Anopheles gambiae; Freshwater DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1043/0022-2585(2001)038(0531:EOPINO)2.0.CO;2 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Quantitative Analyses of Variations in the Injury of Endothelial Cells Elicited by 11 Isolates of Rickettsia rickettsii AN - 18077377; 5160894 AB - Eleven isolates of spotted fever group rickettsiae from the blood of patients or ixodid ticks from North and South America were characterized. All isolates were identified as Rickettsia rickettsii using restriction fragment length polymorphism analysis of a 532-bp rOmpA gene fragment obtained by PCR. The ability of the R. rickettsii isolates to elicit cytopathic effects and parameters of oxidative injury were examined in cultured human EA.hy 926 endothelial cells. Cytopathic effects were determined by direct observation of infected cultures, by measuring the release of cytoplasmic lactate dehydrogenase (LDH), and by determination of intracellular pools of peroxide and reduced glutathione. Four biotypes of R. rickettsii were defined. Group I included two highly cytopathic isolates from Montana, Bitterroot and Sheila Smith, and three isolates from Maryland, North Carolina, and Brazil. These isolates rapidly damaged cells, released large amounts of cytoplasmic LDH, caused accumulation of intracellular peroxide, and depleted intracellular pools of reduced glutathione. Group II contained three isolates, two from Montana, Hlp#2 and Lost Horse Canyon, and an isolate from Colombia, which were similar to group I but caused either lower responses in LDH release or smaller changes in intracellular peroxide levels. The group III isolates, Sawtooth from Montana and 84JG from North Carolina, caused lower cellular injury by all measures. Group IV isolate Price T from Montana was the least cytopathic and caused minimal alterations of all parameters measured. Understanding the molecular basis for the varied cellular injury caused by different isolates of R. rickettsii may contribute to improved treatment of Rocky Mountain spotted fever and to the rapid identification of those isolates which are more likely to cause fulminant disease. JF - Clinical and Diagnostic Laboratory Immunology AU - Eremeeva, ME AU - Dasch, G A AU - Silverman, D J AD - Viral and Rickettsial Zoonoses Branch, Division of Viral and Rickettsial Diseases, National Center for Infectious Diseases, Mail Stop G-13, 1600 Clifton Rd., N.E., Atlanta, GA 30333-4018, USA, mge6@cdc.gov Y1 - 2001/07// PY - 2001 DA - Jul 2001 SP - 788 EP - 796 VL - 8 IS - 4 SN - 1071-412X, 1071-412X KW - Acari KW - Ticks KW - man KW - OmpA protein KW - Entomology Abstracts; Microbiology Abstracts B: Bacteriology KW - North America KW - Ixodidae KW - Restriction fragment length polymorphism KW - Vectors KW - Pathogens KW - Infection KW - Colombia KW - L-Lactate dehydrogenase KW - Rocky Mountain spotted fever KW - South America KW - Endothelium KW - Polymerase chain reaction KW - Rickettsia rickettsii KW - J 02855:Human Bacteriology: Others KW - Z 05206:Medical & veterinary entomology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/18077377?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologyb&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Clinical+and+Diagnostic+Laboratory+Immunology&rft.atitle=Quantitative+Analyses+of+Variations+in+the+Injury+of+Endothelial+Cells+Elicited+by+11+Isolates+of+Rickettsia+rickettsii&rft.au=Eremeeva%2C+ME%3BDasch%2C+G+A%3BSilverman%2C+D+J&rft.aulast=Eremeeva&rft.aufirst=ME&rft.date=2001-07-01&rft.volume=8&rft.issue=4&rft.spage=788&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Clinical+and+Diagnostic+Laboratory+Immunology&rft.issn=1071412X&rft_id=info:doi/10.1128%2FCDLI.8.4.788-796.2001 LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Ixodidae; Rickettsia rickettsii; Colombia; North America; South America; Vectors; Restriction fragment length polymorphism; Pathogens; Infection; Endothelium; Polymerase chain reaction; Rocky Mountain spotted fever; L-Lactate dehydrogenase DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/CDLI.8.4.788-796.2001 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Evaluation of methods for subtyping Campylobacter jejuni during an outbreak involving a food handler AN - 17922300; 5165024 AB - In October 1998, the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) assisted in an investigation of an outbreak of campylobacteriosis at a school in Salina, Kansas. Twenty-two isolates were submitted from the Kansas state public health laboratory to CDC, 9 associated with the outbreak and 13 epidemiologically unrelated sporadic isolates. Pulsed-fleld gel electrophoresis (PFGE) using SmaI and SalI was initially used to validate the epidemiologic data. We then tested the ability of other subtyping techniques to distinguish the outbreak-associated isolates from unrelated sporadic isolates. The methods employed were somatic O serotyping, PCR-restriction fragment length polymorphism (RFLP) analysis of flaA, DNA sequence analysis of 582 bp of flaA that included the short variable region (SVR), and sequencing of the entire flaA gene. PFGE was the most discriminatory technique, yielding 11 SmaI and 10 SalI restriction profiles. All outbreak isolates were indistinguishable by PFGE, somatic O serotyping, and sequencing of the 582-bp region of the flaA gene. fla typing by PCR-RFLP grouped one sporadic isolate with the outbreak strain. Analysis of the DNA sequence of a 582-bp segment of flaA produced strain groupings similar to that generated by PCR-RFLP but further differentiated two flaA PCR-RFLP types (with a 1-bp difference in the 582-bp region). Two sporadic strains were distinct by flaA PCR-RFLP but differed only by a single base substitution in the 582-bp region. The entire flaA gene was sequenced from strains differing by a single base pair in the 582-bp region, and the data revealed that additional discrimination may in some cases be obtained by sequencing outside the SVR. PFGE was superior to all other typing methods tested for strain discrimination; it was crucial for understanding the Kansas outbreak and, when SmaI was used, provided adequate discrimination between unrelated isolates. JF - Journal of Clinical Microbiology AU - Fitzgerald, C AU - Helsel, LO AU - Nicholson, MA AU - Olsen, S J AU - Swerdlow, D L AU - Flahart, R AU - Sexton, J AU - Fields, P I AD - National Campylobacter and Salmonella Reference Laboratory, Foodborne and Diarrheal Diseases Branch, Mailstop CO3, Division of Bacterial and Mycotic Diseases, National Center for Infectious Diseases, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA 30333, USA, chf3@cdc.gov Y1 - 2001/07// PY - 2001 DA - Jul 2001 SP - 2386 EP - 2390 VL - 39 IS - 7 SN - 0095-1137, 0095-1137 KW - USA, Kansas KW - flaA gene KW - Microbiology Abstracts B: Bacteriology KW - Genotyping KW - Campylobacter jejuni KW - Pulsed-field gel electrophoresis KW - Restriction fragment length polymorphism KW - Polymerase chain reaction KW - Serotyping KW - Campylobacteriosis KW - J 02710:Identification, taxonomy and typing UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/17922300?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologyb&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Clinical+Microbiology&rft.atitle=Evaluation+of+methods+for+subtyping+Campylobacter+jejuni+during+an+outbreak+involving+a+food+handler&rft.au=Fitzgerald%2C+C%3BHelsel%2C+LO%3BNicholson%2C+MA%3BOlsen%2C+S+J%3BSwerdlow%2C+D+L%3BFlahart%2C+R%3BSexton%2C+J%3BFields%2C+P+I&rft.aulast=Fitzgerald&rft.aufirst=C&rft.date=2001-07-01&rft.volume=39&rft.issue=7&rft.spage=2386&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+Clinical+Microbiology&rft.issn=00951137&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Campylobacter jejuni; Campylobacteriosis; Serotyping; Genotyping; Polymerase chain reaction; Restriction fragment length polymorphism; Pulsed-field gel electrophoresis ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Transfusion-transmitted malaria in the United States from 1963 through 1999 AN - 17898800; 5148367 AB - Transfusion-transmitted malaria is uncommon in the United States. After the report of three cases of complicated Plasmodium falciparum infection acquired by transfusion, we reviewed all cases of transfusion-transmitted malaria reported to the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) from 1963 through 1999. Information on the patients was from surveillance reports sent to the CDC. Information about the implicated blood donors came from the National Malaria Surveillance System. To determine whether donors should have been excluded from donating blood, we compared their characteristics with the exclusion guidelines of the Food and Drug Administration and the American Association of Blood Banks. Of 93 cases of transfusion-transmitted malaria reported in 28 states, 33 (35 percent) were due to P. falciparum, 25 (27 percent) were due to P. vivax, 25 (27 percent) were due to P. malariae, 5 (5 percent) were due to P. ovale, 3 (3 percent) were mixed infections, and 2 (2 percent) were due to unidentified species. Ten of the 93 patients (11 percent) died. There were potentially 91 donors (in two cases, two patients received blood from the same donor), 67 of whom (74 percent) could be identified as infective. Of 64 implicated donors whose country of origin was reported, 38 (59 percent) were foreign born. Among those for whom complete information was available, 37 of 60 donors (62 percent) would have been excluded from donating according to current guidelines (in place since 1994), and 30 of 48 donors (62 percent) should have been excluded under the guidelines in place at the time of donation. Careful screening of donors according to the recommended exclusion guidelines remains the best way to prevent transfusion-transmitted malaria. JF - New England Journal of Medicine AU - Mungai, M AU - Tegtmeier, G AU - Chamberland, M AU - Parise, M AD - Division of Parasitic Diseases, Mailstop F-22, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, 4770 Buford Hwy., Atlanta, GA 30341, USA, mep0@cdc.gov Y1 - 2001/06/28/ PY - 2001 DA - 2001 Jun 28 SP - 1973 EP - 1978 VL - 344 IS - 26 SN - 0028-4793, 0028-4793 KW - Plasmodium falciparum KW - Plasmodium malariae KW - Plasmodium vivax KW - USA KW - blood donors KW - blood transfusion KW - disease transmission KW - malaria KW - Risk Abstracts; Health & Safety Science Abstracts; Microbiology Abstracts C: Algology, Mycology & Protozoology KW - Blood donors KW - Blood transfusion KW - Malaria KW - Disease transmission KW - K 03090:Protozoa: human KW - H 11000:Diseases/Injuries/Trauma KW - R2 23060:Medical and environmental health UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/17898800?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Ariskabstracts&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=New+England+Journal+of+Medicine&rft.atitle=Transfusion-transmitted+malaria+in+the+United+States+from+1963+through+1999&rft.au=Mungai%2C+M%3BTegtmeier%2C+G%3BChamberland%2C+M%3BParise%2C+M&rft.aulast=Mungai&rft.aufirst=M&rft.date=2001-06-28&rft.volume=344&rft.issue=26&rft.spage=1973&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=New+England+Journal+of+Medicine&rft.issn=00284793&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Plasmodium falciparum; Plasmodium malariae; Plasmodium vivax; Blood donors; Blood transfusion; Disease transmission; Malaria ER - TY - CPAPER T1 - Linear model of low-frequency variability AN - 39455308; 3602470 AU - Newman, M AU - Sardeshmukh, P D AU - Winkler, C R Y1 - 2001/06/22/ PY - 2001 DA - 2001 Jun 22 KW - CPI, Conference Papers Index KW - U 1200:Aquatic Science KW - U 4300:Environmental Science UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/39455308?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Acpi&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=conference&rft.jtitle=&rft.atitle=Linear+model+of+low-frequency+variability&rft.au=Newman%2C+M%3BSardeshmukh%2C+P+D%3BWinkler%2C+C+R&rft.aulast=Newman&rft.aufirst=M&rft.date=2001-06-22&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - SuppNotes - Availability: American Meteorological Society, 45 Beacon St., Boston, MA 02108-3693, USA; URL: www.ametsoc.org. Poster Paper No. P4.2 N1 - Last updated - 2010-05-03 ER - TY - CPAPER T1 - Noise-induced drifts in weather and climate AN - 39382516; 3602422 AU - Sardeshmukh, P D AU - Penland, C AU - Newman, M AU - Huang, H-P Y1 - 2001/06/22/ PY - 2001 DA - 2001 Jun 22 KW - CPI, Conference Papers Index KW - U 1200:Aquatic Science KW - U 4300:Environmental Science UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/39382516?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Acpi&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=conference&rft.jtitle=&rft.atitle=Noise-induced+drifts+in+weather+and+climate&rft.au=Sardeshmukh%2C+P+D%3BPenland%2C+C%3BNewman%2C+M%3BHuang%2C+H-P&rft.aulast=Sardeshmukh&rft.aufirst=P&rft.date=2001-06-22&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - SuppNotes - Availability: American Meteorological Society, 45 Beacon St., Boston, MA 02108-3693, USA; URL: www.ametsoc.org. Poster Paper No. P2.1 N1 - Last updated - 2010-05-03 ER - TY - CPAPER T1 - Air-sea interaction over the maritime continent and the TBO AN - 39372849; 3602556 AU - Hendon, H Y1 - 2001/06/22/ PY - 2001 DA - 2001 Jun 22 KW - CPI, Conference Papers Index KW - U 1200:Aquatic Science KW - U 4300:Environmental Science UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/39372849?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Acpi&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=conference&rft.jtitle=&rft.atitle=Air-sea+interaction+over+the+maritime+continent+and+the+TBO&rft.au=Hendon%2C+H&rft.aulast=Hendon&rft.aufirst=H&rft.date=2001-06-22&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - SuppNotes - Availability: American Meteorological Society, 45 Beacon St., Boston, MA 02108-3693, USA; URL: www.ametsoc.org. Poster Paper No. P7.12 N1 - Last updated - 2010-05-03 ER - TY - CPAPER T1 - "Heat pump" picture for the ENSO system AN - 39348504; 3602570 AU - Sun, D-Z Y1 - 2001/06/22/ PY - 2001 DA - 2001 Jun 22 KW - CPI, Conference Papers Index KW - U 1200:Aquatic Science KW - U 4300:Environmental Science UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/39348504?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Acpi&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=conference&rft.jtitle=&rft.atitle=%22Heat+pump%22+picture+for+the+ENSO+system&rft.au=Sun%2C+D-Z&rft.aulast=Sun&rft.aufirst=D-Z&rft.date=2001-06-22&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - SuppNotes - Availability: American Meteorological Society, 45 Beacon St., Boston, MA 02108-3693, USA; URL: www.ametsoc.org. Paper No. 12.8 N1 - Last updated - 2010-05-03 ER - TY - CPAPER T1 - Impact of orographic gravity wave drag on the GCM prediction of atmospheric angular momentum AN - 39278019; 3602478 AU - Huang, H-P AU - Sardeshmukh, P D Y1 - 2001/06/22/ PY - 2001 DA - 2001 Jun 22 KW - CPI, Conference Papers Index KW - U 1200:Aquatic Science KW - U 4300:Environmental Science UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/39278019?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Acpi&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=conference&rft.jtitle=&rft.atitle=Impact+of+orographic+gravity+wave+drag+on+the+GCM+prediction+of+atmospheric+angular+momentum&rft.au=Huang%2C+H-P%3BSardeshmukh%2C+P+D&rft.aulast=Huang&rft.aufirst=H-P&rft.date=2001-06-22&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - SuppNotes - Availability: American Meteorological Society, 45 Beacon St., Boston, MA 02108-3693, USA; URL: www.ametsoc.org. Poster Paper No. P4.10 N1 - Last updated - 2010-05-03 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Kernicterus in full-term infants--United States, 1994-1998. AN - 70947890; 11428729 AB - Kernicterus is a preventable life-long neurologic syndrome caused by severe and untreated hyperbilirubinemia during the neonatal period. High levels of bilirubin are toxic to the developing newborn. In full-term infants, hyperbilirubinemia symptoms include severe jaundice, lethargy, and poorfeeding. Features of kernicterus may include choreoathetoid cerebral palsy, mental retardation, sensorineural hearing loss, and gaze paresis. Kernicterus is not a reportable condition in the United States, and its prevalence is unknown; however, a pilot registry at a Pennsylvania hospital documented 90 cases in 21 states from 1984 to June 2001 (L. Johnson, Pennsylvania Hospital, Philadelphia, personal communication, 2001). This report summarizes case histories of four full-term, healthy infants who developed kernicterus and underscores that to prevent kernicterus, newborns must be screened and promptly treated for hyperbilirubinemia. JF - MMWR. Morbidity and mortality weekly report AU - Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) AD - Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) Y1 - 2001/06/15/ PY - 2001 DA - 2001 Jun 15 SP - 491 EP - 494 VL - 50 IS - 23 SN - 0149-2195, 0149-2195 KW - Index Medicus KW - Humans KW - Infant, Newborn KW - United States -- epidemiology KW - Male KW - Kernicterus -- epidemiology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/70947890?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=MMWR.+Morbidity+and+mortality+weekly+report&rft.atitle=Kernicterus+in+full-term+infants--United+States%2C+1994-1998.&rft.au=Centers+for+Disease+Control+and+Prevention+%28CDC%29&rft.aulast=Centers+for+Disease+Control+and+Prevention+%28CDC%29&rft.aufirst=&rft.date=2001-06-15&rft.volume=50&rft.issue=23&rft.spage=491&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=MMWR.+Morbidity+and+mortality+weekly+report&rft.issn=01492195&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 2001-07-05 N1 - Date created - 2001-06-28 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Risk factors for and trends in gonorrhea incidence among persons infected with HIV in the United States. AN - 70941048; 11416717 AB - To determine the risk factors for and trends in gonorrhea infections among HIV-infected persons. Longitudinal review of medical records of HIV-infected patients. We analyzed data about HIV-infected patients obtained from 1991 to 1998 in over 100 facilities participating in the Adult/Adolescent Spectrum of HIV Disease Project. The overall incidence of gonorrhea was 9.5 cases per 1000 person--years. Factors associated with higher gonorrhea incidence (P < 0.01) included younger age, male--male sex, black race, HIV infection without AIDS (namely AIDS-defining opportunistic illness or CD4 cell count < 200 x 10(6) cells/l), and recent recreational use of injection or non-injection drugs. There was an increase in the trend among men who have sex with men (P < 0.01) and a decrease in the trend among patients with heterosexual contact as their HIV exposure risk (P < 0.01). Among injection drug users there was no significant trend from 1991 to 1996, but there was an increase in gonorrhea incidence from 6.6 cases/1000 person-years in 1997 to 16.3 cases/1000 person--years in 1998. Following HIV diagnosis, some individuals continue to practice risky sexual behaviors which result in gonorrhea and may transmit HIV. The increase in the trend in gonorrhea incidence among HIV-infected men who have sex with men is of particular concern because it suggests an increase in risky sexual behaviors. These findings indicate a need for effective HIV prevention strategies that involve reducing risky sexual behaviors in HIV-infected persons. JF - AIDS (London, England) AU - Do, A N AU - Hanson, D L AU - Dworkin, M S AU - Jones, J L AU - Adult and Adolescent Spectrum of HIV Disease Project AD - Surveillance Branch, Division of HIV/AIDS Prevention -- Surveillance and Epidemiology, National Center for HIV, STD, and TB Prevention, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia 30333, USA. aad9@cdc.gov ; Adult and Adolescent Spectrum of HIV Disease Project Y1 - 2001/06/15/ PY - 2001 DA - 2001 Jun 15 SP - 1149 EP - 1155 VL - 15 IS - 9 SN - 0269-9370, 0269-9370 KW - Index Medicus KW - AIDS/HIV KW - Homosexuality, Male KW - Humans KW - Longitudinal Studies KW - Risk Factors KW - Adult KW - Incidence KW - Follow-Up Studies KW - Middle Aged KW - Adolescent KW - United States -- epidemiology KW - Female KW - Male KW - Substance Abuse, Intravenous KW - Gonorrhea -- epidemiology KW - AIDS-Related Opportunistic Infections -- epidemiology KW - HIV-1 UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/70941048?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=AIDS+%28London%2C+England%29&rft.atitle=Risk+factors+for+and+trends+in+gonorrhea+incidence+among+persons+infected+with+HIV+in+the+United+States.&rft.au=Do%2C+A+N%3BHanson%2C+D+L%3BDworkin%2C+M+S%3BJones%2C+J+L%3BAdult+and+Adolescent+Spectrum+of+HIV+Disease+Project&rft.aulast=Do&rft.aufirst=A&rft.date=2001-06-15&rft.volume=15&rft.issue=9&rft.spage=1149&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=AIDS+%28London%2C+England%29&rft.issn=02699370&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 2001-08-30 N1 - Date created - 2001-06-20 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Covariation between workplace physical and psychosocial stressors: evidence and implications for occupational health research and prevention. AN - 70972413; 11437204 AB - There is increasing interest in distinguishing the effects of physical and psychosocial workplace stressors on the aetiology of work-related musculoskeletal disorders (MSD). Modest associations have been found between psychosocial stressors and MSD, such as intensive load, monotonous work and low job control. Interpretation of these results has been limited by likely covariation between physical and psychosocial stressors. This investigation examined exposure covariation among blue- and white-collar workers employed in a mass production manufacturing environment (N = 410). Physical stressors were assessed from questionnaire and accelerometry. Psychosocial stressors were assessed from questionnaire. Pearson and Spearman correlation coefficients were computed. An exploratory factor analysis procedure identified possible common factors linking specific physical and psychosocial stressors. Moderate to high correlations between some physical and psychosocial stressors showed evidence of covariation both across and within groups. Covariation was strongest among blue-collar production and low-status office workers. Factor analysis results showed considerable shared variance between some physical and psychosocial stressors, such as repetition and job control, suggesting that these disparate stressors manifest from common work organization factors that govern the structure of work. While recognizing the conceptual differences between physical and psychosocial stressors, these results call attention to the strong empirical relationships that can exist between some stressors in the workplace setting. To guard against ambiguous study findings that can occur when exposures are mixed, it is critical that future epidemiologic studies include information about the degree of association between task-level stressors. Future research on work organization determinants of task-level stressors, and their coincident occurrence in jobs with greater specialization, may provide promising new insights into the nature of risk for MSD and effective prevention strategies. JF - Ergonomics AU - MacDonald, L A AU - Karasek, R A AU - Punnett, L AU - Scharf, T AD - US Department of Health and Human Services, Public Health Service, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, Cincinnati, OH 45226-1998, USA. LMacDonald@cdc.gov Y1 - 2001/06/10/ PY - 2001 DA - 2001 Jun 10 SP - 696 EP - 718 VL - 44 IS - 7 SN - 0014-0139, 0014-0139 KW - Index Medicus KW - Space life sciences KW - Factor Analysis, Statistical KW - Humans KW - Adult KW - Occupations KW - United States -- epidemiology KW - Statistics, Nonparametric KW - Male KW - Female KW - Task Performance and Analysis KW - Occupational Diseases -- epidemiology KW - Stress, Psychological -- epidemiology KW - Stress, Physiological -- epidemiology KW - Musculoskeletal Diseases -- epidemiology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/70972413?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Ergonomics&rft.atitle=Covariation+between+workplace+physical+and+psychosocial+stressors%3A+evidence+and+implications+for+occupational+health+research+and+prevention.&rft.au=MacDonald%2C+L+A%3BKarasek%2C+R+A%3BPunnett%2C+L%3BScharf%2C+T&rft.aulast=MacDonald&rft.aufirst=L&rft.date=2001-06-10&rft.volume=44&rft.issue=7&rft.spage=696&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Ergonomics&rft.issn=00140139&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 2001-07-26 N1 - Date created - 2001-07-04 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Fatal pediatric lead poisoning--New Hamphshire, 2000. AN - 70940175; 11414596 AB - Fatal pediatric lead poisoning is rare in the United States because of multiple public health measures that have reduced blood lead levels (BLLs) in the population. However, the risk for elevated BLLs among children remains high in some neighborhoods and populations, including children living in older housing with deteriorated leaded paint. This report describes the investigation of the first reported death of a child from lead poisoning since 1990 (1). The investigation implicated leaded paint and dust in a home environment as the most likely source of the poisoning. Lead poisoning can be prevented by correcting lead hazards, especially in older housing, and by screening children at risk according to established guidelines (2). JF - MMWR. Morbidity and mortality weekly report AU - Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) AD - Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) Y1 - 2001/06/08/ PY - 2001 DA - 2001 Jun 08 SP - 457 EP - 459 VL - 50 IS - 22 SN - 0149-2195, 0149-2195 KW - Index Medicus KW - New Hampshire -- epidemiology KW - Housing KW - Humans KW - Environmental Exposure KW - Female KW - Child, Preschool KW - Lead Poisoning -- mortality UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/70940175?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=MMWR.+Morbidity+and+mortality+weekly+report&rft.atitle=Fatal+pediatric+lead+poisoning--New+Hamphshire%2C+2000.&rft.au=Centers+for+Disease+Control+and+Prevention+%28CDC%29&rft.aulast=Centers+for+Disease+Control+and+Prevention+%28CDC%29&rft.aufirst=&rft.date=2001-06-08&rft.volume=50&rft.issue=22&rft.spage=457&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=MMWR.+Morbidity+and+mortality+weekly+report&rft.issn=01492195&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 2001-06-28 N1 - Date created - 2001-06-20 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Tularemia as a Biological Weapon. Medical and Public Health Management AN - 18590164; 5461114 AB - The Working Group on Civilian Biodefense has developed consensus-based recommendations for measures to be taken by medical and public health professionals if tularemia is used as a biological weapon against a civilian population. The working group included 25 representatives from academic medical centers, civilian and military governmental agencies, and other public health and emergency management institutions and agencies. MEDLINE databases were searched from January 1966 to October 2000, using the Medical Subject Headings Francisella tularensis, Pasteurella tularensis, biological weapon, biological terrorism, bioterrorism, biological warfare, and biowarfare. Review of these references led to identification of relevant materials published prior to 1966. In addition, participants identified other references and sources. Three formal drafts of the statement that synthesized information obtained in the formal evidence-gathering process were reviewed by members of the working group. Consensus was achieved on the final draft. A weapon using airborne tularemia would likely result 3 to 5 days later in an outbreak of acute, undifferentiated febrile illness with incipient pneumonia, pleuritis, and hilar lymphadenopathy. Specific epidemiological, clinical, and microbiological findings should lead to early suspicion of intentional tularemia in an alert health system; laboratory confirmation of agent could be delayed. Without treatment, the clinical course could progress to respiratory failure, shock, and death. Prompt treatment with streptomycin, gentamicin, doxycycline, or ciprofloxacin is recommended. Prophylactic use of doxycycline or ciprofloxacin may be useful in the early postexposure period. JF - Journal of the American Medical Association AU - Dennis, D T AU - Inglesby, T V AU - Henderson, DA AU - Bartlett, J G AU - Ascher AU - Eitzen, E AU - Fine, AD AU - Friedlander, A M AU - Hauer, J AU - Layton, M AU - Lillibridge AU - McDade, JE AU - Osterholm, M T AU - O'Toole, T AD - Division of Vector-Borne Infectious Diseases, National Center for Infectious Diseases, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, PO Box 2087, Fort Collins, CO 80522, USA, dtd1@cdc.gov Y1 - 2001/06/06/ PY - 2001 DA - 2001 Jun 06 SP - 2763 EP - 2773 VL - 285 IS - 21 SN - 0098-7484, 0098-7484 KW - biological warfare agents KW - bioterrorism KW - Microbiology Abstracts B: Bacteriology KW - J 02855:Human Bacteriology: Others UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/18590164?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologyb&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+the+American+Medical+Association&rft.atitle=Tularemia+as+a+Biological+Weapon.+Medical+and+Public+Health+Management&rft.au=Dennis%2C+D+T%3BInglesby%2C+T+V%3BHenderson%2C+DA%3BBartlett%2C+J+G%3BAscher%3BEitzen%2C+E%3BFine%2C+AD%3BFriedlander%2C+A+M%3BHauer%2C+J%3BLayton%2C+M%3BLillibridge%3BMcDade%2C+JE%3BOsterholm%2C+M+T%3BO%27Toole%2C+T&rft.aulast=Dennis&rft.aufirst=D&rft.date=2001-06-06&rft.volume=285&rft.issue=21&rft.spage=2763&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+the+American+Medical+Association&rft.issn=00987484&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - On the mechanism of Cr (VI)-induced carcinogenesis: Dose dependence of uptake and cellular responses AN - 867744515; 13861536 AB - Cr (VI) compounds are widely used industrial chemicals and are recognized human carcinogens. The mechanisms of carcinogenesis associated with these compounds remain to be investigated. The present study focused on dose-dependence of Cr (VI)-induced uptake and cellular responses. The results show that Cr (VI) is able to enter the cells (human lung epithelial cell line A549) at low concentration (< 10 kM) and that the Cr (VI) uptake appears to be a combination of saturable transport and passive diffusion. Electron spin resonance (ESR) trapping measurements showed that upon stimulation with Cr (VI), A549 cells were able to generate reactive oxygen species (ROS). The amount of ROS generated depended on the Cr (VI) concentration. ROS generation involved NADPH-dependent flavoenzymes. Cr (VI) affected the following cellular parameters in a dose-dependent manner, (a) activation of nuclear transcription factors NF-B, and p53, (b) DNA damage, (c) induction of cell apoptosis, and (d) inhibition of cell proliferation. The activation of transcription factors was assessed by electrophoretic mobility shift assay and western blot analysis, DNA damage by single cell gel electrophoresis assay, cell apoptosis by DNA fragmentation assay, and cell proliferation by a non-radioactive ELISA kit. At the concentration range used in the present study, no thresholds were found in all of these cell responses to Cr (VI). The results may guide further research to better understand and evaluate the risk of Cr (VI)-induced carcinogenesis at low levels of exposure. JF - Molecular and Cellular Biochemistry AU - Liu, Kejian AU - HuslerSurname, John AU - Ye, Jianping AU - Leonard, Stephen S AU - Cutler, Debbie AU - Chen, Fei AU - Wang, Suwei AU - Zhang, Zhuo AU - Ding, Min AU - Wang, Liying AU - Shi, Xianglin AD - Pathology and Physiology Research Branch, National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, Morgantown, WV, 26505, USA, xshi@cdc.gov xshi@cdc.gov Y1 - 2001/06// PY - 2001 DA - Jun 2001 SP - 221 EP - 229 PB - Springer-Verlag, Tiergartenstrasse 17 Heidelberg 69121 Germany VL - 222 IS - 1-2 SN - 0300-8177, 0300-8177 KW - Toxicology Abstracts KW - Western blotting KW - Epithelial cells KW - Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay KW - Apoptosis KW - Carcinogens KW - Electrophoretic mobility KW - Trapping KW - Gel electrophoresis KW - p53 protein KW - DNA damage KW - DNA fragmentation KW - Reactive oxygen species KW - Lung KW - Transcription factors KW - NF-B protein KW - Carcinogenesis KW - Diffusion KW - Cell proliferation KW - X 24350:Industrial Chemicals UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/867744515?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxicologyabstracts&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Molecular+and+Cellular+Biochemistry&rft.atitle=On+the+mechanism+of+Cr+%28VI%29-induced+carcinogenesis%3A+Dose+dependence+of+uptake+and+cellular+responses&rft.au=Liu%2C+Kejian%3BHuslerSurname%2C+John%3BYe%2C+Jianping%3BLeonard%2C+Stephen+S%3BCutler%2C+Debbie%3BChen%2C+Fei%3BWang%2C+Suwei%3BZhang%2C+Zhuo%3BDing%2C+Min%3BWang%2C+Liying%3BShi%2C+Xianglin&rft.aulast=Liu&rft.aufirst=Kejian&rft.date=2001-06-01&rft.volume=222&rft.issue=1-2&rft.spage=221&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Molecular+and+Cellular+Biochemistry&rft.issn=03008177&rft_id=info:doi/10.1023%2FA%3A1017938918686 LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2011-05-01 N1 - Last updated - 2012-03-29 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Epithelial cells; Western blotting; Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay; Apoptosis; Carcinogens; Electrophoretic mobility; Trapping; Gel electrophoresis; p53 protein; DNA fragmentation; DNA damage; Reactive oxygen species; Lung; Transcription factors; Carcinogenesis; NF-B protein; Diffusion; Cell proliferation DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1017938918686 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Cell apoptosis induced by carcinogenic metals AN - 867744507; 13861531 AB - Well-documented evidence suggests that environmental and occupational exposure of toxic metals or metal-containing compounds can cause a number of human diseases, including inflammation and cancer, through DNA damage, protein modifications, or lipid peroxidation. This mini-review addresses the mechanisms of cell death induced by some carcinogenic metals, including arsenic (III), chromium (VI) and vanadium (V). A possible contribution of reactive oxygen species to metal-induced cell death is also discussed. JF - Molecular and Cellular Biochemistry AU - Chen, Fei AU - Vallyathan, Val AU - Castranova, Vince AU - Shi, Xianglin AD - Health Effects Laboratory Division, National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, Morgantown, WV, USA, Xshi@cdc.gov Y1 - 2001/06// PY - 2001 DA - Jun 2001 SP - 183 EP - 188 PB - Springer-Verlag, Tiergartenstrasse 17 Heidelberg 69121 Germany VL - 222 IS - 1-2 SN - 0300-8177, 0300-8177 KW - Toxicology Abstracts KW - Vanadium KW - Arsenic KW - Apoptosis KW - Chromium KW - Heavy metals KW - Lipid peroxidation KW - Cancer KW - Inflammation KW - DNA damage KW - Reactive oxygen species KW - Reviews KW - Occupational exposure KW - X 24360:Metals UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/867744507?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxicologyabstracts&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Molecular+and+Cellular+Biochemistry&rft.atitle=Cell+apoptosis+induced+by+carcinogenic+metals&rft.au=Chen%2C+Fei%3BVallyathan%2C+Val%3BCastranova%2C+Vince%3BShi%2C+Xianglin&rft.aulast=Chen&rft.aufirst=Fei&rft.date=2001-06-01&rft.volume=222&rft.issue=1-2&rft.spage=183&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Molecular+and+Cellular+Biochemistry&rft.issn=03008177&rft_id=info:doi/10.1023%2FA%3A1017970330982 LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2011-05-01 N1 - Last updated - 2012-03-29 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Vanadium; DNA damage; Arsenic; Apoptosis; Reactive oxygen species; Chromium; Heavy metals; Reviews; Cancer; Lipid peroxidation; Occupational exposure; Inflammation DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1017970330982 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Molecular mechanisms of metal toxicity and carcinogenesis AN - 867744500; 13861511 AB - Many metals and metal-containing compounds have been identified to be potent mutagens and carcinogens. Recently, a new sub-discipline of molecular toxicology and carcinogenesis has been developed. The combination of newly developed molecular techniques and free radical approach makes it possible to insightfully examine metal-induced carcinogenesis in precise molecular terms so that intricate biological interrelationships can be elucidated. In consideration of the increased amount of new findings deciphered by utilizing these new methods, the 1st Conference on Molecular Mechanisms of Metal Toxicity and Carcinogenesis was held. In this conference, more than 50 scientists from nine countries presented their novel discoveries concerning metal-induced carcinogenesis, delineated molecular mechanism of metal carcinogenesis, and proposed novel therapeutic intervention and prevention strategies. This article reviewes some of the state-of-the-art information presented at the meeting regarding the molecular mechanisms of metal cytotoxicity and carcinogenesis. JF - Molecular and Cellular Biochemistry AU - Wang, Suwei AU - Shi, Xianglin AD - Department of Basic Pharmaceutical Sciences, West Virginia University, Morgantown, WV, USA, xas0@cdc.gov Y1 - 2001/06// PY - 2001 DA - Jun 2001 SP - 3 EP - 9 PB - Springer-Verlag, Tiergartenstrasse 17 Heidelberg 69121 Germany VL - 222 IS - 1-2 SN - 0300-8177, 0300-8177 KW - Toxicology Abstracts KW - Metals KW - Molecular modelling KW - Mutagens KW - Cytotoxicity KW - Conferences KW - Free radicals KW - Reviews KW - Carcinogenesis KW - Therapeutic applications KW - Toxicity KW - Carcinogens KW - X 24360:Metals UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/867744500?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxicologyabstracts&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Molecular+and+Cellular+Biochemistry&rft.atitle=Molecular+mechanisms+of+metal+toxicity+and+carcinogenesis&rft.au=Wang%2C+Suwei%3BShi%2C+Xianglin&rft.aulast=Wang&rft.aufirst=Suwei&rft.date=2001-06-01&rft.volume=222&rft.issue=1-2&rft.spage=3&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Molecular+and+Cellular+Biochemistry&rft.issn=03008177&rft_id=info:doi/10.1023%2FA%3A1017918013293 LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2011-05-01 N1 - Last updated - 2012-03-29 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Mutagens; Molecular modelling; Metals; Cytotoxicity; Conferences; Reviews; Free radicals; Carcinogenesis; Therapeutic applications; Carcinogens; Toxicity DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1017918013293 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Carcinogenic potential and genomic instability of beryllium sulphate in BALB/c-3T3 cells AN - 856761628; 13861519 AB - Occupational exposure to beryllium (Be) and Be compounds occurs in a wide range of industrial processes. A large number of workers are potentially exposed to this metal during manufacturing and processing, so there is a concern regarding the potential carcinogenic hazard of Be. Studies were performed to determine the carcinogenic potential of beryllium sulfate (BeSO sub(4)) in cultured mammalian cells. BALB/c-3T3 cells were treated with varying concentrations of BeSO sub(4) for 72 h and the transformation frequency was determined after 4 weeks of culturing. Concentrations from 50-200 kg BeSO sub(4)/ml, caused a concentration-dependent increase (9-41 fold) in transformation frequency. Non-transformed BALB/c-3T3 cells and cells from transformed foci induced by BeSO sub(4) were injected into both axillary regions of nude mice. All ten Be-induced transformed cell lines injected into nude mice produced fibrosarcomas within 50 days after cell injection. No tumors were found in nude mice receiving non-transformed BALB/c-3T3 cells 90 days post-injection. Gene amplification was investigated in K-ras, c-myc, c-fos, c-jun, c-sis, erb-B2 and p53 using differential PCR while random amplified polymorphic DNA fingerprinting was employed to detect genomic instability. Gene amplification was found in K-ras and c-jun, however no change in gene expression or protein level was observed in any of the genes by Western blotting. Five of the 10 transformed cell lines showed genetic instability using different random primers. In conclusion, these results indicate that BeSO sub(4) is capable of inducing morphological cell transformation in mammalian cells and that transformed cells induced by BeSO sub(4) are potentially tumorigenic. Also, cell transformation induced by BeSO sub(4) may be attributed, in part, to the gene amplification of K-ras and c-jun and some BeSO sub(4)-induced transformed cells possess neoplastic potential resulting from genomic instability. JF - Molecular and Cellular Biochemistry AU - Keshava, Nagalakshmi AU - Zhou, Gu AU - Spruill, Michelle AU - Ensell, Mang AU - Ong, Tong-man AD - Health Effects Laboratory Division, National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Morgantown, WV, USA, NKeshava@cdc.gov Y1 - 2001/06// PY - 2001 DA - Jun 2001 SP - 69 EP - 76 PB - Springer-Verlag, Tiergartenstrasse 17 Heidelberg 69121 Germany VL - 222 IS - 1-2 SN - 0300-8177, 0300-8177 KW - Genetics Abstracts; Toxicology Abstracts KW - Transformation KW - Western blotting KW - Fibrosarcoma KW - Metals KW - ErbB-2 protein KW - Transformed cells KW - Tumors KW - c-Fos protein KW - c-Jun protein KW - p53 protein KW - Sulfate KW - K-Ras protein KW - DNA fingerprinting KW - Genomic instability KW - Mammalian cells KW - Transcription factors KW - Gene amplification KW - Beryllium KW - Polymerase chain reaction KW - Primers KW - Occupational exposure KW - c-Myc protein KW - X 24360:Metals KW - G 07730:Development & Cell Cycle UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/856761628?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxicologyabstracts&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Molecular+and+Cellular+Biochemistry&rft.atitle=Carcinogenic+potential+and+genomic+instability+of+beryllium+sulphate+in+BALB%2Fc-3T3+cells&rft.au=Keshava%2C+Nagalakshmi%3BZhou%2C+Gu%3BSpruill%2C+Michelle%3BEnsell%2C+Mang%3BOng%2C+Tong-man&rft.aulast=Keshava&rft.aufirst=Nagalakshmi&rft.date=2001-06-01&rft.volume=222&rft.issue=1-2&rft.spage=69&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Molecular+and+Cellular+Biochemistry&rft.issn=03008177&rft_id=info:doi/10.1023%2FA%3A1017911306449 LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2011-03-01 N1 - Last updated - 2012-03-29 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Transformation; Metals; Fibrosarcoma; Western blotting; ErbB-2 protein; Transformed cells; c-Fos protein; Tumors; c-Jun protein; Sulfate; p53 protein; DNA fingerprinting; K-Ras protein; Genomic instability; Mammalian cells; Gene amplification; Transcription factors; Beryllium; Polymerase chain reaction; Primers; c-Myc protein; Occupational exposure DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1017911306449 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Blood lead levels of primary school children in Dhaka, Bangladesh. AN - 70988134; 11445508 AB - Dhaka, Bangladesh, has one of the highest air lead levels in the world. In February 2000, we evaluated children at five primary schools in Dhaka to determine blood lead (BPb) levels, sources of environmental exposure, and potential risk factors for lead poisoning. Selected schools represented a range of geographic and socioeconomic strata. A total of 779 students 4-12 years of age participated. The mean BPb level was 15.0 microg/dL (range 4.2-63.1 microg/dL). Most students (87.4%) had BPb levels above the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention's level of concern (10 microg/dL). Elevated BPb levels correlated with soil eating [odds ratio (OR) = 3.31; 95% confidence interval (CI), 1.30-8.39], low parental education (OR = 2.72; 95% CI, 1.97-3.75), living close to major roads (OR = 2.30; 95% CI, 1.23-4.29), and increasing age (OR = 1.11; 95% CI, 1.06-1.16). BPb levels measured were similar to those in other countries that use leaded gasoline. No other potential sources of lead exposure were consistently identified. Combustion of leaded gasoline is the main source of lead exposure in Dhaka, resulting in ubiquitous contamination of the environment. The increase in BPb levels with age, a finding contrary to observations in the United States and Australia, may be related to increased outdoor activities. The Bangladeshi government recently announced a plan to eliminate leaded gasoline. Baseline BPb surveys are critical to develop and evaluate intervention policies. Strategies to reduce BPb levels need to address variations in socioeconomic status, construction type and location of housing, and levels of hygiene. JF - Environmental health perspectives AU - Kaiser, R AU - Henderson, A K AU - Daley, W R AU - Naughton, M AU - Khan, M H AU - Rahman, M AU - Kieszak, S AU - Rubin, C H AD - Epidemic Intelligence Service, Epidemiology Program Office, National Center for Environmental Health, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia, USA. rik9@cdc.gov Y1 - 2001/06// PY - 2001 DA - June 2001 SP - 563 EP - 566 VL - 109 IS - 6 SN - 0091-6765, 0091-6765 KW - Vehicle Emissions KW - 0 KW - Lead KW - 2P299V784P KW - Index Medicus KW - Housing KW - Social Class KW - Humans KW - Environmental Exposure KW - Incidence KW - Child KW - Bangladesh -- epidemiology KW - Public Policy KW - Hygiene KW - Male KW - Female KW - Child, Preschool KW - Lead -- adverse effects KW - Air Pollution -- adverse effects KW - Lead Poisoning -- epidemiology KW - Lead Poisoning -- etiology KW - Lead -- blood UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/70988134?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Environmental+health+perspectives&rft.atitle=Blood+lead+levels+of+primary+school+children+in+Dhaka%2C+Bangladesh.&rft.au=Kaiser%2C+R%3BHenderson%2C+A+K%3BDaley%2C+W+R%3BNaughton%2C+M%3BKhan%2C+M+H%3BRahman%2C+M%3BKieszak%2C+S%3BRubin%2C+C+H&rft.aulast=Kaiser&rft.aufirst=R&rft.date=2001-06-01&rft.volume=109&rft.issue=6&rft.spage=563&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Environmental+health+perspectives&rft.issn=00916765&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 2001-08-23 N1 - Date created - 2001-07-10 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - SuppNotes - Cited By: Bull World Health Organ. 2000;78(9):1068-77 [11019456] Arch Environ Health. 1992 Jul-Aug;47(4):246-9 [1497376] Pediatrics. 1992 Dec;90(6):855-61 [1437425] Pediatrics. 1993 Feb;91(2):301-7 [7678702] Neurotoxicol Teratol. 1993 Jan-Feb;15(1):37-44 [8459787] Am Ind Hyg Assoc J. 1994 Apr;55(4):339-42 [8209839] Arch Environ Health. 1992 May-Jun;47(3):203-10 [1596103] Lancet. 1999 Feb 27;353(9154):754 [10073543] Pediatrics. 1986 Mar;77(3):281-8 [3951909] Arch Environ Health. 1987 May-Jun;42(3):153-60 [3606213] Nature. 1987 Sep 24-30;329(6137):297-300 [2442625] Environ Res. 1989 Oct;50(1):11-36 [2676508] Arch Environ Health. 1991 Sep-Oct;46(5):300-5 [1953038] JAMA. 1994 Jul 27;272(4):277-83 [8028140] N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - The Circuit Party Men's Health Survey: findings and implications for gay and bisexual men. AN - 70904848; 11392940 AB - This study examined characteristics of gay and bisexual men who attend circuit parties, frequency of and motivations for attending parties, drug use and sexual behavior during circuit party weekends, and use of risk reduction materials available at parties. A cross-sectional survey was conducted among 295 gay and bisexual men from the San Francisco Bay Area who had attended a circuit party in the previous year. One fourth of the men reported a drug "overuse" incident in the previous year. Nearly all respondents reported use of drugs during circuit party weekends, including ecstasy (75%), ketamine (58%), crystal methamphetamine (36%), gamma hydroxybutyrate or gamma butyrolactone (25%), and Viagra (12%). Two thirds of the men reported having sex (oral or anal), 49% reported having anal sex, and 28% reported having unprotected anal sex during the 3-day period. An association was found between use of drugs and sexual risk behavior. Prevention materials were observed at party events by some men; however, relatively few men used the materials. Common motivations for attending the parties were "to listen to music and dance" and "to be with friends." Intensive, targeted health promotion efforts are needed for gay and bisexual men who attend circuit parties. JF - American journal of public health AU - Mansergh, G AU - Colfax, G N AU - Marks, G AU - Rader, M AU - Guzman, R AU - Buchbinder, S AD - Division of HIV/AIDS Prevention, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, 1600 Clifton Rd, Mail Stop E-45, Atlanta, GA 30333, USA. gcm2@cdc.gov Y1 - 2001/06// PY - 2001 DA - June 2001 SP - 953 EP - 958 VL - 91 IS - 6 SN - 0090-0036, 0090-0036 KW - Abridged Index Medicus KW - Index Medicus KW - Socioeconomic Factors KW - Sexual Behavior KW - Recreation KW - Anniversaries and Special Events KW - Humans KW - HIV Infections -- prevention & control KW - Adult KW - Health Behavior KW - San Francisco -- epidemiology KW - Middle Aged KW - Male KW - Substance-Related Disorders -- epidemiology KW - Bisexuality -- statistics & numerical data KW - Risk-Taking KW - Safe Sex -- statistics & numerical data KW - Health Surveys KW - Homosexuality, Male -- statistics & numerical data KW - Bisexuality -- psychology KW - Homosexuality, Male -- psychology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/70904848?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=American+journal+of+public+health&rft.atitle=The+Circuit+Party+Men%27s+Health+Survey%3A+findings+and+implications+for+gay+and+bisexual+men.&rft.au=Mansergh%2C+G%3BColfax%2C+G+N%3BMarks%2C+G%3BRader%2C+M%3BGuzman%2C+R%3BBuchbinder%2C+S&rft.aulast=Mansergh&rft.aufirst=G&rft.date=2001-06-01&rft.volume=91&rft.issue=6&rft.spage=953&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=American+journal+of+public+health&rft.issn=00900036&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 2001-06-14 N1 - Date created - 2001-06-06 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - SuppNotes - Cited By: JAMA. 2000 Jul 12;284(2):198-204 [10889593] AIDS. 2000 Aug 18;14(12):1845-51 [10985323] Drug Alcohol Depend. 1988 Oct;22(1-2):63-73 [3266145] Am J Public Health. 1991 Feb;81(2):168-71 [1990853] Am J Public Health. 1992 Nov;82(11):1483-9 [1443297] AIDS. 1994 Jun;8(6):837-41 [8086144] J Acquir Immune Defic Syndr Hum Retrovirol. 1999 Feb 1;20(2):172-8 [10048905] AIDS Educ Prev. 1995 Apr;7(2):103-15 [7619641] J Homosex. 1995;29(1):41-70 [7594408] Am J Public Health. 1996 Aug;86(8):1129-36 [8712273] JAMA. 1997 May 21;277(19):1505-6 [9153353] Am J Public Health. 1999 Feb;89(2):204-8 [9949750] AIDS Care. 1994;6(3):331-41 [7948089] N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Intussusception among recipients of rotavirus vaccine: reports to the vaccine adverse event reporting system. AN - 70896556; 11389295 AB - Rotavirus vaccine was licensed on August 31, 1998, and subsequently recommended for routine use among infants. To assess rare adverse events, postlicensure surveillance was conducted. To describe the cases of intussusception among rotavirus vaccine recipients reported to the Vaccine Adverse Event Reporting System from October 1998 through December 1999. Infants vaccinated with rotavirus vaccine in the United States. Intussusception confirmed by radiology, surgery, or autopsy report with medical record documentation or confirmed by a primary health care provider. There were 98 confirmed cases of intussusception after vaccination with rotavirus vaccine reported to the Vaccine Adverse Event Reporting System; 60 of these developed intussusception within 1 week after vaccination. Based on calculations using vaccine distribution data and intussusception incidence rates from 2 separate databases, an estimated 7 to 16 cases would have been expected to occur in the week after vaccination by chance alone. Using a passive surveillance system for vaccine adverse events, we observed at least a fourfold increase over the expected number of intussusception cases occurring within 1 week of receipt of rotavirus vaccine. Other studies were initiated to further define the relationship between rotavirus vaccine and intussusception. In light of these and other data, the rotavirus vaccine manufacturer voluntarily removed its product from the market, and the recommendation for routine use of rotavirus vaccine among US infants has been withdrawn. JF - Pediatrics AU - Zanardi, L R AU - Haber, P AU - Mootrey, G T AU - Niu, M T AU - Wharton, M AD - Epidemic Intelligence Service Program, Epidemiology Program Office, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia, USA. lzanardi@cdc.gov Y1 - 2001/06// PY - 2001 DA - June 2001 SP - 1 VL - 107 IS - 6 KW - Rotavirus Vaccines KW - 0 KW - Abridged Index Medicus KW - Index Medicus KW - United States KW - Infant KW - Drug Approval -- legislation & jurisprudence KW - Humans KW - Intussusception -- chemically induced KW - Adverse Drug Reaction Reporting Systems -- statistics & numerical data KW - Rotavirus Vaccines -- adverse effects KW - Vaccination -- adverse effects KW - Intussusception -- epidemiology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/70896556?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Pediatrics&rft.atitle=Intussusception+among+recipients+of+rotavirus+vaccine%3A+reports+to+the+vaccine+adverse+event+reporting+system.&rft.au=Zanardi%2C+L+R%3BHaber%2C+P%3BMootrey%2C+G+T%3BNiu%2C+M+T%3BWharton%2C+M&rft.aulast=Zanardi&rft.aufirst=L&rft.date=2001-06-01&rft.volume=107&rft.issue=6&rft.spage=E97&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Pediatrics&rft.issn=1098-4275&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 2001-08-30 N1 - Date created - 2001-06-04 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Electromyographic and discomfort analysis of confined-space shipyard welding processes. AN - 70896259; 11394466 AB - This study examined muscle fatigue and discomfort in a confined-space welding operation at a shipyard. Surface electromyography (SEMG) was recorded from seven upper extremity and torso muscles of welders welding in a mock-up of the work environment. Following spectral transform of the SEMG data the percentage of the total signal power in the 10-30 Hz frequency band was compared over time during welding. For the conventional stick electrode welding process (SMAW) several muscles exhibited an increase in the percent of the total signal power in the low-frequency band. Fewer muscles exhibited this fatigue-related spectral density shift with a wire welding process (FCAW) the shipyard has considered adopting. This finding suggests that localized muscle fatigue may be reduced by a change to the wire welding process. Subjectively reported discomfort was generally low for both processes, but confirmed the finding that discomfort in the low back and shoulder regions is experienced in this welding operation. JF - Applied ergonomics AU - Lowe, B D AU - Wurzelbacher, S J AU - Shulman, S A AU - Hudock, S D AD - US Department of Health and Human Services, National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, Cincinnati, OH 45226-1998, USA. blowe@cdc.gov Y1 - 2001/06// PY - 2001 DA - June 2001 SP - 255 EP - 269 VL - 32 IS - 3 SN - 0003-6870, 0003-6870 KW - Index Medicus KW - Ships KW - Shoulder KW - Humans KW - Neck Pain KW - Adult KW - Electromyography KW - Models, Statistical KW - Back Pain KW - Male KW - Muscle Fatigue KW - Pain -- prevention & control KW - Ergometry KW - Occupational Diseases -- prevention & control KW - Welding UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/70896259?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Applied+ergonomics&rft.atitle=Electromyographic+and+discomfort+analysis+of+confined-space+shipyard+welding+processes.&rft.au=Lowe%2C+B+D%3BWurzelbacher%2C+S+J%3BShulman%2C+S+A%3BHudock%2C+S+D&rft.aulast=Lowe&rft.aufirst=B&rft.date=2001-06-01&rft.volume=32&rft.issue=3&rft.spage=255&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Applied+ergonomics&rft.issn=00036870&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 2001-10-25 N1 - Date created - 2001-06-07 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Cadmium-induced cell transformation and tumorigenesis are associated with transcriptional activation of c-fos, c-jun, and c-myc proto-oncogenes: role of cellular calcium and reactive oxygen species. AN - 70874714; 11353138 AB - The molecular mechanisms of carcinogenesis by cadmium were studied using BALB/c-3T3 cell transformation and nude mouse tumorigenesis models. BALB/c-3T3 cells transformed with cadmium chloride were subcutaneously injected into nude mice to develop tumors and the cell lines derived from these tumors were used in the present study. The proto-oncogenes c-fos and c-jun were overexpressed in 100% (10 out of 10) of the cell lines, while a statistically significant overexpression of c-myc was observed in 40% (4 out of 10) of the cell lines. Analysis of tumor cells stained with fluorescent dyes specific for reactive oxygen species revealed that these cells possessed markedly higher levels of superoxide anion and hydrogen peroxide compared with the nontransformed cells. Similarly, the intracellular calcium level was higher in the tumor cells compared with the nontransformed cells. Overexpression of the proto-oncogenes in these cells was blocked by treating the cells with superoxide dismutase, catalase, and 1,2-bis(o-aminophenoxy)ethane-N,N,N',N'-tetra acetoxy methyl ester (BAPTA/AM), which are scavengers of superoxide anion, hydrogen peroxide, and calcium, respectively. This confirmed that the overexpression of the proto-oncogenes in the tumor cells required elevated intracellular levels of reactive oxygen species and calcium. In addition to the scavengers of reactive oxygen species and calcium, inhibitors specific for transcription (actinomycin D), protein kinase C (RO-31-8220), and MAP kinase (PD 98059) also blocked the cadmium-induced overexpression of the proto-oncogenes in the tumor cells. Exposure of the nontransformed BALB/c-3T3 cells to 20 microM cadmium chloride for 1 h caused elevated intracellular levels of superoxide anion, hydrogen peroxide, and calcium, with corresponding increases in the expression levels of c-fos, c-jun, and c-myc. As in the case of the tumor cells, treating the nontransformed cells with the various modulators prior to their exposure to cadmium chloride resulted in inhibition in the expression of the proto-oncogenes. Based on these data, we conclude that the cadmium-induced overexpression of cellular proto-oncogenes is mediated by the elevation of intracellular levels of superoxide anion, hydrogen peroxide, and calcium. Further, the cadmium-induced overexpression of the proto-oncogenes is dependent on transcriptional activation as well as on pathways involving protein kinase C and MAP kinase. JF - Toxicological sciences : an official journal of the Society of Toxicology AU - Joseph, P AU - Muchnok, T K AU - Klishis, M L AU - Roberts, J R AU - Antonini, J M AU - Whong, W Z AU - Ong , T AD - Toxicology and Molecular Biology Branch, Pathology and Physiology Research Branch, Health Effects Laboratory Division, National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, Morgantown, West Virginia 26505, USA. pcj5@cdc.gov Y1 - 2001/06// PY - 2001 DA - June 2001 SP - 295 EP - 303 VL - 61 IS - 2 SN - 1096-6080, 1096-6080 KW - 2-(2-amino-3-methoxyphenyl)-4H-1-benzopyran-4-one KW - 0 KW - Flavonoids KW - Free Radical Scavengers KW - Indoles KW - Reactive Oxygen Species KW - Cadmium KW - 00BH33GNGH KW - 1,2-bis(2-aminophenoxy)ethane N,N,N',N'-tetraacetic acid acetoxymethyl ester KW - 139890-68-9 KW - Dactinomycin KW - 1CC1JFE158 KW - Egtazic Acid KW - 526U7A2651 KW - RNA KW - 63231-63-0 KW - Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinase Kinases KW - EC 2.7.12.2 KW - Calcium KW - SY7Q814VUP KW - Ro 31-8220 KW - W9A0B5E78O KW - Index Medicus KW - Reactive Oxygen Species -- metabolism KW - 3T3 Cells KW - Animals KW - Analysis of Variance KW - Egtazic Acid -- analogs & derivatives KW - Blotting, Northern KW - Dactinomycin -- antagonists & inhibitors KW - Calcium -- analysis KW - Flavonoids -- antagonists & inhibitors KW - RNA -- analysis KW - Mice KW - Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction KW - Mice, Inbred BALB C KW - Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinase Kinases -- metabolism KW - Calcium -- metabolism KW - Egtazic Acid -- antagonists & inhibitors KW - Indoles -- antagonists & inhibitors KW - Tumor Cells, Cultured KW - RNA -- isolation & purification KW - Cadmium -- pharmacology KW - Cell Transformation, Neoplastic -- pathology KW - Cell Transformation, Neoplastic -- chemically induced KW - Genes, fos -- genetics KW - Genes, myc -- genetics KW - Gene Expression Regulation, Neoplastic -- drug effects KW - Genes, jun -- genetics UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/70874714?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Toxicological+sciences+%3A+an+official+journal+of+the+Society+of+Toxicology&rft.atitle=Cadmium-induced+cell+transformation+and+tumorigenesis+are+associated+with+transcriptional+activation+of+c-fos%2C+c-jun%2C+and+c-myc+proto-oncogenes%3A+role+of+cellular+calcium+and+reactive+oxygen+species.&rft.au=Joseph%2C+P%3BMuchnok%2C+T+K%3BKlishis%2C+M+L%3BRoberts%2C+J+R%3BAntonini%2C+J+M%3BWhong%2C+W+Z%3BOng+%2C+T&rft.aulast=Joseph&rft.aufirst=P&rft.date=2001-06-01&rft.volume=61&rft.issue=2&rft.spage=295&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Toxicological+sciences+%3A+an+official+journal+of+the+Society+of+Toxicology&rft.issn=10966080&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 2001-08-09 N1 - Date created - 2001-05-15 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Occupational exposures during the World Trade Center disaster response AN - 18673878; 5562020 AB - Upon the request of the New York City Department of Health, the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention's National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH) monitored occupational exposures among emergency response workers during the rescue and recovery activities at the World Trade Center disaster site from September 18 through 4 October 2001. During this period, over 1200 bulk and air samples were collected to estimate or characterize workers' occupational exposures. Samples were collected and analyzed for asbestos, carbon monoxide (CO), chlorodifluoromethane (Freon registered 22), diesel exhaust, hydrogen sulfide, inorganic acids, mercury and other metals, polynuclear aromatic hydrocarbons, respirable particulate not otherwise regulated (PNOR), respirable crystalline silica, total PNOR, and volatile organic compounds. Exposures to most of these potential hazards did not exceed NIOSH Recommended Exposure Limits or Occupational Safety and Health Administration Permissible Exposure Limits. However, one torch cutter was overexposed to cadmium and another worker (and possibly three others) was overexposed to CO. The elevated cadmium and CO levels were the result of workers using oxy-acetylene cutting torches and gasoline-powered cutting saws. Recommendations were made to ensure adequate ventilation and worker understanding when using these tools and, where possible, to substitute rechargeable, battery-powered cutting saws for gasoline-powered ones. JF - Toxicology and Industrial Health AU - Wallingford, K M AU - Snyder, E M AD - National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, 4676 Columbia Parkway (R-11), Cincinnati, OH 45226, USA, kwallingford@cdc.gov Y1 - 2001/06// PY - 2001 DA - Jun 2001 SP - 247 EP - 253 VL - 17 IS - 5-10 SN - 0748-2337, 0748-2337 KW - September 11th KW - World Trade Center Disaster KW - man KW - polynuclear aromatic hydrocarbons KW - terrorism KW - Health & Safety Science Abstracts; Toxicology Abstracts KW - X 24240:Miscellaneous KW - H 1000:Occupational Safety and Health UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/18673878?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxicologyabstracts&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Toxicology+and+Industrial+Health&rft.atitle=Occupational+exposures+during+the+World+Trade+Center+disaster+response&rft.au=Wallingford%2C+K+M%3BSnyder%2C+E+M&rft.aulast=Wallingford&rft.aufirst=K&rft.date=2001-06-01&rft.volume=17&rft.issue=5-10&rft.spage=247&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Toxicology+and+Industrial+Health&rft.issn=07482337&rft_id=info:doi/10.1191%2F0748233701th112oa LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1191/0748233701th112oa ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Evaluation of immunotoxicity induced by single or concurrent exposure to N,N-diethyl-m-toluamide (DEET), pyridostigmine bromide (PYR), and JP-8 jet fuel AN - 18668909; 5562017 AB - Approximately 5000 to 80 000 of the US service personnel involved in the Persian Gulf War have complained of a variety of nonspecific symptoms since their return in 1991. These symptoms have been collectively labeled Gulf War Illness and include muscle fatigue, general malaise, myalgia, impaired cognition, ataxia, headaches, fever, joint pain, skin rash, gastrointestinal disturbances, sleep disturbances, and respiratory difficulties. Exposures of military and service personnel were diverse and included the prescribed anti-nerve gas agent pyridostigmine bromide (PYR), N,N-diethyl-m-toluamide (DEET) insect repellent, and environmental exposures to jet fuel. Thus, studies in our laboratory were undertaken to determine if concurrent exposure to these agents, singly or in combination, would contribute to significant alterations in immunological function and disease susceptibility. To assess immune status, eight-week old B6C3F1 female mice were exposed for 14 days to single compounds or tertiary mixtures of 15.5 mg/kg DEET, 2 mg/kg PYR, and 500 mg/kg JP-8 (termed low dose), or 31 mg/kg DEET, 5 mg/kg PYR, and 1000 mg/kg JP-8 (termed high dose). Immunosuppression was assessed 24 h after the last exposure. No remarkable alterations were evident in hematological parameters, spleen and thymus organ weight and total cellularity, natural killer (NK) cell activity, cytotoxic T-cell activity, or mitogen-induced lymphocyte proliferation after exposure to either single or tertiary mixtures at low or high doses. A few changes in CD4/CD8 flow cytometric lymphocyte subpopulations were detected after exposure to the tertiary mixture at the high dose. Delayed type hypersensitivity (DTH) was decreased by 88% after exposure to the high-dose mixture, and suppression of antibody-specific IgM immune responses (plaque-forming cell, PFC) occurred after exposure to all single and tertiary mixtures at both dose levels. In the PFC response, antagonism was apparent in the mixture, while coexposure to these agents resulted in a synergistic effect in the DTH response. Susceptibility to B16F10 tumor or Listeria monocytogenes challenge was not affected after single or tertiary exposures. These data suggest that combined exposure to DEET, PYR, and JP-8 does not profoundly alter many immunological endpoints, but does selectively target functional endpoints such as the PFC and DTH response. This should be considered when assessing human health risks in the military environment. JF - Toxicology and Industrial Health AU - Peden-Adams, M M AU - Eudaly, J AU - Eudaly, E AU - Dudley, A AU - Zeigler, J AU - Lee, A AU - Robbs, J AU - Gilkeson, G AU - Keil, DE AD - Agriculture and Immunotoxicology Group, NIOSH/CDC, 1095 Willowdale Road, M/S L1119, Morgantown, WV 26505-2888, USA, dkeil@cdc.gov Y1 - 2001/06// PY - 2001 DA - Jun 2001 SP - 192 EP - 209 VL - 17 IS - 5-10 SN - 0748-2337, 0748-2337 KW - JP-8 jet fuel KW - N,N-Diethyl-m-toluamide KW - mice KW - Toxicology Abstracts KW - X 24132:Chronic exposure KW - X 24152:Chronic exposure UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/18668909?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxicologyabstracts&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Toxicology+and+Industrial+Health&rft.atitle=Evaluation+of+immunotoxicity+induced+by+single+or+concurrent+exposure+to+N%2CN-diethyl-m-toluamide+%28DEET%29%2C+pyridostigmine+bromide+%28PYR%29%2C+and+JP-8+jet+fuel&rft.au=Peden-Adams%2C+M+M%3BEudaly%2C+J%3BEudaly%2C+E%3BDudley%2C+A%3BZeigler%2C+J%3BLee%2C+A%3BRobbs%2C+J%3BGilkeson%2C+G%3BKeil%2C+DE&rft.aulast=Peden-Adams&rft.aufirst=M&rft.date=2001-06-01&rft.volume=17&rft.issue=5-10&rft.spage=192&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Toxicology+and+Industrial+Health&rft.issn=07482337&rft_id=info:doi/10.1191%2F0748233701th120oa LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1191/0748233701th120oa ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Methods for projecting long-term dietary exposure from short-term survey data for environmental contaminants AN - 18657064; 5562015 AB - Public health risk assessments often involve dietary exposures over long periods of time. However, most information about dietary consumption habits comes from short-term surveys that are conducted for periods of three days or less. When employed for characterizing long-term exposures, short-term surveys are likely to underestimate the number of persons consuming a particular food, while overestimating the amount consumed by each individual. Direct application of short-term data is particularly misleading for foods that are consumed infrequently. If a more accurate population estimate for chronic dietary intake is needed for a risk assessment, then two general techniques may be considered. The first method is simpler, while the second is more accurate. Both methods require information about the size of the population consuming the food over the long-term period. The simpler fractional adjustment method reduces consumption across the entire distribution by the ratio of consumer population sizes. Since this method will tend to underestimate high-end exposures and overestimate low-end exposures, it is most useful as a quick bounding exercise. Since short-term surveys are better at characterizing the behavior of frequent consumers, a second method employs an exponential function to reduce the low end of the population distribution by a greater amount than the high end. If available, additional information may be used to select the parameter values for the exponential adjustment. Otherwise, an uncertainty range may be used for the parameter values. Since the frequency-based method is more complex, it is most valuable when used as part of a chronic exposure simulation. Examples of both methods are given for the estimation of chronic wine consumption. JF - Toxicology and Industrial Health AU - Carrington, C D AU - Bolger, P M AD - Center for Food Safety and Applied Nutrition, U.S. Food and Drug Administration, 5100 Paint Branch Avenue, College Park, MD 20740, USA, cdc@cfsan.fda.gov Y1 - 2001/06// PY - 2001 DA - Jun 2001 SP - 176 EP - 179 VL - 17 IS - 5-10 SN - 0748-2337, 0748-2337 KW - exposure KW - Health & Safety Science Abstracts; Pollution Abstracts; Toxicology Abstracts KW - H 14000:Toxicology KW - X 24221:Toxicity testing KW - H 4000:Food and Drugs KW - P 6000:TOXICOLOGY AND HEALTH UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/18657064?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxicologyabstracts&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Toxicology+and+Industrial+Health&rft.atitle=Methods+for+projecting+long-term+dietary+exposure+from+short-term+survey+data+for+environmental+contaminants&rft.au=Carrington%2C+C+D%3BBolger%2C+P+M&rft.aulast=Carrington&rft.aufirst=C&rft.date=2001-06-01&rft.volume=17&rft.issue=5-10&rft.spage=176&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Toxicology+and+Industrial+Health&rft.issn=07482337&rft_id=info:doi/10.1191%2F0748233701th109oa LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1191/0748233701th109oa ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Bioaerosol Lung Damage in a Worker with Repeated Exposure to Fungi in a Water-Damaged Building AN - 18630239; 5515329 AB - There has been increased concern over health effects related to potential exposure of building occupants to bioaerosols. We report the case of a worker with a respiratory illness related to bioaerosol exposure in a water-damaged building with extensive fungal contamination. We performed environmental tests to evaluate potential exposure to fungi, and we used mycotoxin-specific IgG antibody in serologic studies in the attempt to evaluate exposure to mycotoxins. Extensive fungal contamination was documented in many areas of the building. Penicillium, Aspergillus, and Stachybotrys species were the most predominant fungi found in air sampling. Our serologic test was not useful in differentiating workers who were probably occupationally exposed to mycotoxins from those who were not; however, it did yield evidence that individuals may make specific IgG antibodies to macrocyclic tricothecene mycotoxins. Further research is needed concerning health effects related to bioaerosol exposures, particularly regarding markers of exposure to specific fungi that may produce mycotoxins. In the absence of clinical tools specific for evaluation of mycotoxin-related illness, a systematic clinical approach for evaluating persons with suspected building-related respiratory illness is warranted. JF - Environmental Health Perspectives AU - Trout, D AU - Bernstein, J AU - Martinez, K AU - Biagini, R AU - Wallingford, K AD - NIOSH, 676 Columbia Parkway, R-10, Cincinnati, OH 45226 USA, DTrout@cdc.gov Y1 - 2001/06// PY - 2001 DA - Jun 2001 SP - 641 EP - 644 VL - 109 IS - 6 SN - 0091-6765, 0091-6765 KW - Health & Safety Science Abstracts; Pollution Abstracts KW - H 1000:Occupational Safety and Health KW - P 6000:TOXICOLOGY AND HEALTH UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/18630239?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Apollution&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Environmental+Health+Perspectives&rft.atitle=Bioaerosol+Lung+Damage+in+a+Worker+with+Repeated+Exposure+to+Fungi+in+a+Water-Damaged+Building&rft.au=Trout%2C+D%3BBernstein%2C+J%3BMartinez%2C+K%3BBiagini%2C+R%3BWallingford%2C+K&rft.aulast=Trout&rft.aufirst=D&rft.date=2001-06-01&rft.volume=109&rft.issue=6&rft.spage=641&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Environmental+Health+Perspectives&rft.issn=00916765&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Biofilm formation by gram-negative bacteria on central venous catheter connectors: effect of conditioning films in a laboratory model AN - 18604924; 5490056 AB - Human blood components have been shown to enhance biofilm formation by gram-positive bacteria. We investigated the effect of human blood on biofilm formation on the inner lumen of needleless central venous catheter connectors by several gram-negative bacteria, specifically Enterobacter cloacae, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, and Pantoea agglomerans. Results suggest that a conditioning film of blood components promotes biofilm formation by these organisms in an in vitro system. JF - Journal of Clinical Microbiology AU - Murga, R AU - Miller, J M AU - Donlan, R M AD - Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Mail Stop C-16, 1600 Clifton Rd. NE, Atlanta, GA 30333, USA, rmurga@cdc.gov Y1 - 2001/06// PY - 2001 DA - Jun 2001 SP - 2294 EP - 2297 VL - 39 IS - 6 SN - 0095-1137, 0095-1137 KW - Microbiology Abstracts B: Bacteriology; Microbiology Abstracts A: Industrial & Applied Microbiology KW - A 01116:Bacteria KW - J 02722:Biodegradation, growth, nutrition and leaching UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/18604924?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologyb&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Clinical+Microbiology&rft.atitle=Biofilm+formation+by+gram-negative+bacteria+on+central+venous+catheter+connectors%3A+effect+of+conditioning+films+in+a+laboratory+model&rft.au=Murga%2C+R%3BMiller%2C+J+M%3BDonlan%2C+R+M&rft.aulast=Murga&rft.aufirst=R&rft.date=2001-06-01&rft.volume=39&rft.issue=6&rft.spage=2294&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+Clinical+Microbiology&rft.issn=00951137&rft_id=info:doi/10.1128%2FJCM.39.6.2294-2297.2001 LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/JCM.39.6.2294-2297.2001 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Characterization of IS6110 restriction fragment length polymorphism patterns and mechanisms of antimicrobial resistance for multidrug-resistant isolates of Mycobacterium tuberculosis from a major reference hospital in Assiut, Egypt AN - 18554735; 5490068 AB - We evaluated 25 Mycobacterium tuberculosis isolates from patients at a major Egyptian reference hospital in Assiut, Egypt, who had been treated for at least 1 year for tuberculosis. Typing patterns (IS6110) were diverse, and multidrug resistance was found among 11 (44%) of the isolates. Mutations associated with antimicrobial drug resistance were found in rpoB, katG, rpsL, and embB in the resistant isolates. JF - Journal of Clinical Microbiology AU - Abbadi, S AU - Rashed, H G AU - Morlock, G P AU - Woodley, CL AU - El Shanawy, O AU - Cooksey, R C AD - Tuberculosis/Mycobacteriology Branch, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Mail Stop F-08, Atlanta, GA 30333, USA, rcc1@cdc.gov Y1 - 2001/06// PY - 2001 DA - Jun 2001 SP - 2330 EP - 2334 VL - 39 IS - 6 SN - 0095-1137, 0095-1137 KW - Insertion sequence IS6110 KW - embB gene KW - katG gene KW - rpoB gene KW - rpsL gene KW - Microbiology Abstracts B: Bacteriology KW - J 02704:Enumeration UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/18554735?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologyb&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Clinical+Microbiology&rft.atitle=Characterization+of+IS6110+restriction+fragment+length+polymorphism+patterns+and+mechanisms+of+antimicrobial+resistance+for+multidrug-resistant+isolates+of+Mycobacterium+tuberculosis+from+a+major+reference+hospital+in+Assiut%2C+Egypt&rft.au=Abbadi%2C+S%3BRashed%2C+H+G%3BMorlock%2C+G+P%3BWoodley%2C+CL%3BEl+Shanawy%2C+O%3BCooksey%2C+R+C&rft.aulast=Abbadi&rft.aufirst=S&rft.date=2001-06-01&rft.volume=39&rft.issue=6&rft.spage=2330&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+Clinical+Microbiology&rft.issn=00951137&rft_id=info:doi/10.1128%2FJCM.39.6.2330-2334.2001 LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/JCM.39.6.2330-2334.2001 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Cigarette smoking and diabetes mellitus: evidence of a positive association from a large prospective cohort study AN - 18260970; 5318881 AB - Only a few prospective studies have examined the relationship between the frequency of cigarette smoking and the incidence of diabetes mellitus. The purpose of this study was to determine whether greater frequency of cigarette smoking accelerated the development of diabetes mellitus, and whether quitting reversed the effect. Data were collected in the Cancer Prevention Study I, a prospective cohort study conducted from 1959 through 1972 by the American Cancer Society where volunteers recruited more than one million acquaintances in 25 US states. From these over one million original participants, 275 190 men and 434 637 women aged greater than or equal to 30 years were selected for the primary analysis using predetermined criteria. As smoking increased, the rate of diabetes increased for both men and women. Among those who smoked greater than or equal to 2 packs per day at baseline, men had a 45% higher diabetes rate than men who had never smoked; the comparable increase for women was 74%. Quitting smoking reduced the rate of diabetes to that of non-smokers after 5 years in women and after 10 years in men. A dose-response relationship seems likely between smoking and incidence of diabetes. Smokers who quit may derive substantial benefit from doing so. Confirmation of these observations is needed through additional epidemiological and biological research. JF - International Journal of Epidemiology AU - Will, J C AU - Galuska, DA AU - Ford, E S AU - Mokdad, A AU - Calle, EE AD - Division of Nutrition and Physical Activity, National Center for Chronic Disease Prevention and Health Promotion, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, 4770 Buford Highway NE, Mailstop K-26, Atlanta, GA 30341-3724, USA Y1 - 2001/06// PY - 2001 DA - Jun 2001 SP - 540 EP - 546 VL - 30 IS - 3 SN - 0300-5771, 0300-5771 KW - man KW - Toxicology Abstracts KW - Risk assessment KW - Diabetes mellitus KW - Cigarette smoking KW - X 24180:Social poisons & drug abuse UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/18260970?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxicologyabstracts&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=International+Journal+of+Epidemiology&rft.atitle=Cigarette+smoking+and+diabetes+mellitus%3A+evidence+of+a+positive+association+from+a+large+prospective+cohort+study&rft.au=Will%2C+J+C%3BGaluska%2C+DA%3BFord%2C+E+S%3BMokdad%2C+A%3BCalle%2C+EE&rft.aulast=Will&rft.aufirst=J&rft.date=2001-06-01&rft.volume=30&rft.issue=3&rft.spage=540&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=International+Journal+of+Epidemiology&rft.issn=03005771&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Cigarette smoking; Diabetes mellitus; Risk assessment ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Gonorrhea in the HIV Era: A Reversal in Trends Among Men Who Have Sex With Men AN - 18114856; 5209521 AB - Gonorrhea cases among men who have sex with men (MSM) declined in the early years of the HIV epidemic. We evaluated more recent trends in gonorrhea among MSM through the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention's Gonococcal Isolate Surveillance Project. Isolates and case information were collected from 29 US sexually transmitted disease (STD) clinics. Gonococcal urethritis cases among MSM were compared with those among heterosexual men, and cases among MSM in 1995 to 1999 were compared with earlier MSM cases. Of 34942 cases, the proportion represented by MSM increased from 4.5% in 1992 to 13.2% in 1999 (P< .001). Compared with heterosexuals, MSM were older, more often White, and more often had had gonorrhea previously, although fewer had had gonorrhea in the past year. MSM with gonorrhea in 1995 to 1999 were slightly older than those with gonorrhea in 1992 to 1994, and a higher proportion had had gonorrhea in the past year. MSM account for an increasing proportion of gonococcal urethritis cases in STD clinics. Given recent evidence that gonorrhea may facilitate HIV transmission, these trends demand increased attention to safe sexual behaviors and reducing STDs among MSM. JF - American Journal of Public Health AU - Fox, K K AU - Del Rio, C AU - Holmes, K K AU - Hook, EW III AU - Judson, F N AU - Knapp, J S AU - Procop, G W AU - Wang, A AU - Whittington, WLH AU - Levine, W C AD - Epidemiology and Surveillance Branch, DSTDP/NCHSTP/CDC, 1600 Clifton Rd NE, MS E-02, Atlanta, GA 30333, USA, kfox@cdc.gov Y1 - 2001/06// PY - 2001 DA - Jun 2001 SP - 959 EP - 964 VL - 91 IS - 6 SN - 0090-0036, 0090-0036 KW - HIV KW - Microbiology Abstracts B: Bacteriology; Virology & AIDS Abstracts KW - Acquired immune deficiency syndrome KW - Sexually-transmitted diseases KW - Homosexuality KW - Sexual behavior KW - Neisseria gonorrhoeae KW - Opportunist infection KW - Human immunodeficiency virus KW - Gonorrhea KW - V 22005:AIDS: Epidemiological aspects KW - J 02849:Sexually-transmitted diseases UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/18114856?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologyb&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=American+Journal+of+Public+Health&rft.atitle=Gonorrhea+in+the+HIV+Era%3A+A+Reversal+in+Trends+Among+Men+Who+Have+Sex+With+Men&rft.au=Fox%2C+K+K%3BDel+Rio%2C+C%3BHolmes%2C+K+K%3BHook%2C+EW+III%3BJudson%2C+F+N%3BKnapp%2C+J+S%3BProcop%2C+G+W%3BWang%2C+A%3BWhittington%2C+WLH%3BLevine%2C+W+C&rft.aulast=Fox&rft.aufirst=K&rft.date=2001-06-01&rft.volume=91&rft.issue=6&rft.spage=959&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=American+Journal+of+Public+Health&rft.issn=00900036&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Human immunodeficiency virus; Neisseria gonorrhoeae; Acquired immune deficiency syndrome; Opportunist infection; Gonorrhea; Homosexuality; Sexually-transmitted diseases; Sexual behavior ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Determinants of Chlorpyrifos Exposures and Urinary 3,5,6-Trichloro-2-Pyridinol Levels Among Termiticide Applicators AN - 17891804; 5143041 AB - The exposures and work activities of 41 applicators in North Carolina using chlorpyrifos-containing termiticides were characterized. Personal air and urine samples were collected on multiple days within one week. Detailed information about chemical use, tasks, personal protective equipment and hygiene was recorded. During the 202 applicator-days monitored, 415 treatment jobs were performed. Full-shift chlorpyrifos exposures ranged from <0.048 to 110 mu g/m super(3) (N=184), with a geometric mean (GM) of 10 mu g/m super(3). Urinary 3,5,6-trichloro-2-pyridinol (TCP) levels ranged from 9.42 to 1960 mu g/g creatinine (N=271) and varied significantly by day of the week (GM range: 169-262 mu g/g creatinine). Predictive models for chlorpyrifos air exposure and urinary TCP levels were developed using mixed-effects stepwise linear regression. Determinants of airborne chlorpyrifos exposure included minutes chlorpyrifos applied and enclosed crawl space treated (yes/no). Determinants of TCP levels (depending on the model) included day-of-the-week, the chlorpyrifos air concentration one and two days before urine collection, minutes of chlorpyrifos applied one and two days before urine collection, enclosed crawl space treated (yes/no), and commercial structure treated (time-weighted). Within- and between-worker variablity was similar for airborne chlorpyrifos; however, for TCP, between-worker variability exceeded within-worker variability by six times. The elimination half-life of TCP (26.9 h) and possibly the short sampling interval (one week) may explain the low TCP within-worker variability. Applicators' weekly mean ln(TCP levels) and weekly mean ln(chlorpyrifos air concentrations) were highly and positively linearly correlated (r super(2)=0.73, P<0.0001). In summary, mixed-effects models were successfully constructed to predict airborne chlorpyrifos exposure and urinary TCP levels. JF - Annals of Occupational Hygiene AU - Hines, C J AU - Deddens, JA AD - National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, 4676 Columbia Parkway, Cincinnati, OH 45226, USA, chines@cdc.gov Y1 - 2001/06// PY - 2001 DA - Jun 2001 SP - 309 EP - 321 VL - 45 IS - 4 SN - 0003-4878, 0003-4878 KW - 3,5,6-trichloro-2-pyridinol KW - chlorpyrifos KW - termiticides KW - Health & Safety Science Abstracts KW - Bioaccumulation KW - Urine KW - Protective equipment KW - Occupational exposure KW - H 1000:Occupational Safety and Health UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/17891804?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Ahealthsafetyabstracts&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Annals+of+Occupational+Hygiene&rft.atitle=Determinants+of+Chlorpyrifos+Exposures+and+Urinary+3%2C5%2C6-Trichloro-2-Pyridinol+Levels+Among+Termiticide+Applicators&rft.au=Hines%2C+C+J%3BDeddens%2C+JA&rft.aulast=Hines&rft.aufirst=C&rft.date=2001-06-01&rft.volume=45&rft.issue=4&rft.spage=309&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Annals+of+Occupational+Hygiene&rft.issn=00034878&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Occupational exposure; Bioaccumulation; Urine; Protective equipment ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Mapping the Ligand-Binding Region of Borrelia burgdorferi Fibronectin-Binding Protein BBK32 AN - 17863507; 5108762 AB - The cellular attachment and entry of pathogenic microorganisms can be facilitated by the expression of microbial adhesins that bind fibronectin. We have previously described a Borrelia burgdorferi gene, bbk32, that encodes a 47-kDa fibronectin-binding protein. In this study, the ligand-binding region of BBK32 from B. burgdorferi isolate B31 was localized to 32 amino acids. The bbk32 gene was cloned and sequenced from three additional B. burgdorferi isolates representing different genospecies of B. burgdorferi sensu lato. All four bbk32 genes encoded proteins having fibronectin-binding activity when expressed in Escherichia coli, and the deduced proteins shared 81 to 91% amino acid sequence identity within the ligand-binding domain. In addition, the ligand-binding region of BBK32 was found to share sequence homology with a fibronectin-binding peptide defined for protein F1 of Streptococcus pyogenes. The structural and functional similarity between the ligand-binding region of BBK32 and the UR region of protein F1 suggests a common mechanism of cellular adhesion and entry for B. burgdorferi and S. pyogenes. JF - Infection and Immunity AU - Probert, W S AU - Kim, J H AU - Hoeoek, M AU - Johnson, BJB AD - Division of Vector-Borne Infectious Diseases, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, P.O. Box 2087, Ft. Collins, CO 80522, bjj1@cdc.gov Y1 - 2001/06// PY - 2001 DA - Jun 2001 SP - 4129 EP - 4133 VL - 69 IS - 6 SN - 0019-9567, 0019-9567 KW - ligand-binding region KW - bbk32 gene KW - Biochemistry Abstracts 2: Nucleic Acids; Microbiology Abstracts B: Bacteriology KW - Adhesins KW - Borrelia burgdorferi KW - Fibronectin KW - Nucleotide sequence KW - Streptococcus pyogenes KW - Cell adhesion KW - N 14640:Structure & sequence KW - J 02727:Amino acids, peptides and proteins UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/17863507?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologyb&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Infection+and+Immunity&rft.atitle=Mapping+the+Ligand-Binding+Region+of+Borrelia+burgdorferi+Fibronectin-Binding+Protein+BBK32&rft.au=Probert%2C+W+S%3BKim%2C+J+H%3BHoeoek%2C+M%3BJohnson%2C+BJB&rft.aulast=Probert&rft.aufirst=W&rft.date=2001-06-01&rft.volume=69&rft.issue=6&rft.spage=4129&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Infection+and+Immunity&rft.issn=00199567&rft_id=info:doi/10.1128%2FIAI.69.6.4129-4133.2001 LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Borrelia burgdorferi; Streptococcus pyogenes; Nucleotide sequence; Cell adhesion; Adhesins; Fibronectin DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/IAI.69.6.4129-4133.2001 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Assessing Exposure to Disinfection By-Products in Women of Reproductive Age Living in Corpus Christi, Texas, and Cobb County, Georgia: Descriptive Results and Methods AN - 16144690; 5515323 AB - We conducted a field study in Corpus Christi, Texas, and Cobb County, Georgia, to evaluate exposure measures for disinfection by-products, with special emphasis on trihalomethanes (THMs). Participants were mothers living in either geographic area who had given birth to healthy infants from June 1998 through May 1999. We assessed exposure by sampling blood and water and obtaining information about water use habits and tap water characteristics. Two 10-mL whole blood samples were collected from each participant before and immediately after her shower. Levels of individual THM species (chloroform, bromodichloromethane, dibromochloromethane, and bromoform) were measured in whole blood [parts per trillion (pptr)] and in water samples (parts per billion). In the Corpus Christi water samples, brominated compounds accounted for 71% of the total THM concentration by weight; in Cobb County, chloroform accounted for 88%. Significant differences in blood THM levels were observed between study locations. For example, the median baseline blood level of bromoform was 0.3 pptr and 3.5 pptr for participants in Cobb County and Corpus Christi, respectively (p = 0.0001). Differences were most striking in blood obtained after showering. For bromoform, the median blood levels were 0.5 pptr and 17 pptr for participants in Cobb County and Corpus Christi, respectively (p = 0.0001). These results suggest that blood levels of THM species vary substantially across populations, depending on both water quality characteristics and water use activities. Such variation has important implications for epidemiologic studies of the potential health effects of disinfection by-products. JF - Environmental Health Perspectives AU - Lynberg, M AU - Nuckols, J R AU - Langlois, P AU - Ashley, D AU - Singer, P AU - Mendola, P AU - Wilkes, C AU - Krapfl, H AU - Miles, E AU - Speight, V AU - Lin, B AU - Small, L AU - Miles, A AU - Bonin, M AD - Centers for Disease Control and Prevention's National Center for Environmental Health-Division of Environmental Hazards and Health Effects, and Division of Environmental Health Laboratory, Atlanta, Georgia, USA, mcl2@cdc.gov Y1 - 2001/06// PY - 2001 DA - Jun 2001 SP - 597 EP - 604 VL - 109 IS - 6 SN - 0091-6765, 0091-6765 KW - USA, Georgia, Cobb Cty. KW - USA, Texas, Corpus Christi KW - by-products KW - exposure KW - females KW - man KW - trihalomethanes KW - Toxicology Abstracts; Water Resources Abstracts; Aqualine Abstracts; Health & Safety Science Abstracts; Pollution Abstracts KW - Water Supply (Potable) KW - Disinfection KW - Potable Water KW - Byproducts KW - Halomethanes KW - Public Health KW - Drinking Water KW - Water treatment KW - Human beings KW - Water Treatment KW - USA, Georgia KW - Human Population KW - Trihalomethanes KW - Reproduction KW - USA, Texas KW - Females KW - Drinking water KW - X 24120:Food, additives & contaminants KW - SW 3060:Water treatment and distribution KW - H 12000:Epidemiology and Public Health KW - AQ 00004:Water Treatment KW - P 6000:TOXICOLOGY AND HEALTH UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16144690?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aaqualine&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Environmental+Health+Perspectives&rft.atitle=Assessing+Exposure+to+Disinfection+By-Products+in+Women+of+Reproductive+Age+Living+in+Corpus+Christi%2C+Texas%2C+and+Cobb+County%2C+Georgia%3A+Descriptive+Results+and+Methods&rft.au=Lynberg%2C+M%3BNuckols%2C+J+R%3BLanglois%2C+P%3BAshley%2C+D%3BSinger%2C+P%3BMendola%2C+P%3BWilkes%2C+C%3BKrapfl%2C+H%3BMiles%2C+E%3BSpeight%2C+V%3BLin%2C+B%3BSmall%2C+L%3BMiles%2C+A%3BBonin%2C+M&rft.aulast=Lynberg&rft.aufirst=M&rft.date=2001-06-01&rft.volume=109&rft.issue=6&rft.spage=597&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Environmental+Health+Perspectives&rft.issn=00916765&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2004-04-01 N1 - Last updated - 2015-03-24 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Disinfection; Drinking water; Water treatment; Byproducts; Reproduction; Females; Water Supply (Potable); Drinking Water; Public Health; Potable Water; Human beings; Halomethanes; Trihalomethanes; Water Treatment; Human Population; USA, Georgia; USA, Texas ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Cost-effectiveness of HIV counseling and testing in US prisons AN - 1008843126; 16467516 AB - The prevalence of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) in correctional facilities is much higher than in the general population. However, HIV prevention resources are limited, making it important to evaluate different prevention programs in prison settings. Our study presents the cost-effectiveness of offering HIV counseling and testing (CT) to soon-to-be-released inmates in US prisons. A decision model was used to estimate the costs and benefits (averted HIV cases) of HIV testing and counseling compared to no CT from a societal perspective. Model parameters were HIV prevalence among otherwise untested inmates (1%); acceptance of CT (50%); risk for HIV transmission from infected individuals (7%); risk of HIV acquisition for uninfected individuals (0.3%); and reduction of risk after counseling for those infected (25%) and uninfected (20%). Marginal costs of testing and counseling per person were used (no fixed costs). If infected, the cost was 78.17 ; if uninfected , it was 24.63. A life-time treatment cost of 186,900 was used to estimate the benefits of prevented HIV infections . Sensitivity and threshold analysis were done to test the robustness of these parameters . Our baseline model shows that , compared to no CT , offering CT to 10,000 inmates detects 50 new or previously undiagnosed infections and averts 4 future cases of HIV at a cost of 125,000 to prison systems. However, this will save society over $550,000. Increase in HIV prevalence, risk of transmission, or effectiveness of counseling increased societal savings. As prevalence increases, focusing on HIV-infected inmates prevents additional future infections; however, when HIV prevalence is less than 5%, testing and counseling of both infected and uninfected inmates are important for HIV prevention. JF - Journal of Urban Health AU - Varghese, Beena AU - Peterman, Thomas A AD - Division of HIV/AIDS Prevention-Surveillance and Epidemiology, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, 1600 Clifton Road, MS E-46, Atlanta, GA, 30333, bav7@cdc.gov Y1 - 2001/06// PY - 2001 DA - Jun 2001 SP - 304 EP - 312 PB - Springer Science+Business Media, Van Godewijckstraat 30 Dordrecht 3311 GX Netherlands VL - 78 IS - 2 SN - 1099-3460, 1099-3460 KW - Virology & AIDS Abstracts; Risk Abstracts; Health & Safety Science Abstracts KW - Sensitivity KW - Prisons KW - disease transmission KW - Infection KW - Models KW - Disease transmission KW - prisons KW - Cost-benefit analysis KW - decision models KW - USA KW - Human immunodeficiency virus KW - infection KW - prevention KW - H 6000:Natural Disasters/Civil Defense/Emergency Management KW - V 22360:AIDS and HIV KW - R2 23060:Medical and environmental health UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/1008843126?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Ariskabstracts&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Urban+Health&rft.atitle=Cost-effectiveness+of+HIV+counseling+and+testing+in+US+prisons&rft.au=Varghese%2C+Beena%3BPeterman%2C+Thomas+A&rft.aulast=Varghese&rft.aufirst=Beena&rft.date=2001-06-01&rft.volume=78&rft.issue=2&rft.spage=304&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+Urban+Health&rft.issn=10993460&rft_id=info:doi/10.1093%2Fjurban%2F78.2.304 LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2012-04-01 N1 - Last updated - 2013-09-09 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Prisons; Infection; Disease transmission; Models; Cost-benefit analysis; prisons; decision models; Sensitivity; disease transmission; Human immunodeficiency virus; prevention; infection; USA DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/jurban/78.2.304 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Characteristics and trends of newly identified HIV infections among incarcerated populations: CDC HIV voluntary counseling, testing, and referral system, 1992-1998 AN - 1008842653; 16467511 AB - Inmate contact with the correctional health care system provides public health professionals an opportunity to offer HIV screening to a population that might prove difficult to reach otherwise. We report on publicly funded human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) voluntary counseling, testing, and referral (VCTR) services provided to incarcerated persons in the United States. Incarcerated persons seeking VCTR services received pretest counseling and gave a blood specimen for HIV antibody testing. Specimens were considered positive if the enzyme immunoassays were repeatedly reactive and the Western blot or immunofluorescent assay was reactive. Demographics, HIV risk information, and laboratory test results were collected from each test episode. Additional counseling sessions provided more data. From 1992 to 1998, there were 527,937 records available from correctional facilities from 48 project areas; 484,277 records included a test result and 459,155 (87.0%) tests came with complete data. Overall, 3.4% (16,797) of all tests were reactive for HIV antibodies. Of reactive tests accompanied by self-reports of previous HIV test results (15,888), previous test results were 44% positive, 23% negative, 6% inconclusive or unspecified, and 27% no previous test. This indicates that 56% of positive tests were newly identified. During the study period, the number of tests per year increased three-fold. Testing increased among all racial/ethnic groups and both sexes. The largest increase was for heterosexuals who reported no other risk, followed by persons with a sex partner at risk. Overall, the greatest number of tests was reported for injection drug users (IDUs) (128,262), followed by men who have sex with men (MSM) (19,928); however, episodes for MSM doubled during the study, while for IDUs, they increased 74%. The absolute number of HIV-positive (HIV+) tests increased 50%; however, the percentage of all tests that were HIV+ decreased nearly 50% due to the increased number of tests performed. HIV+ tests fell 50% among blacks (7.6% to 3.7%), Hispanics (6.7% to 2.5%), and males (5.1% to 2.5%); 33% among females (4.5% to 3.1%); 95% among IDUs (8.6% to 4.4%); and 64% among MSM (19.3% to 11.8%). Among HIV+ episodes, those for IDUs dropped from 61.5% to 36.6%, while episodes for heterosexuals with no reported risk factor increased from 4.3% to 18.2%. The use of VCTR services by incarcerated persons rose steadily from 1992 to 1998, and 56% of HIV+ tests were newly identified. High numbers of tests that recorded risk behaviors for JF - Journal of Urban Health AU - Sabin, Keith M AU - Frey, Robert L AU - Horsley, Rosemarie AU - Greby, Stacie M AD - Prevention Services Research Branch, Division of HIV/AIDS Prevention-Surveillance and Epidemiology, National Center for HIV, STD and Tuberculosis Prevention, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, 1600 Clifton Road, NE, Mailstop E-46, 30333, Atlanta, GA, ksabin@cdc.gov Y1 - 2001/06// PY - 2001 DA - Jun 2001 SP - 241 EP - 255 PB - Springer Science+Business Media, Van Godewijckstraat 30 Dordrecht 3311 GX Netherlands VL - 78 IS - 2 SN - 1099-3460, 1099-3460 KW - Virology & AIDS Abstracts; Risk Abstracts KW - Western blotting KW - Data processing KW - homosexuality KW - Enzymes KW - Infection KW - Drug abuse KW - Public health KW - Enzyme immunoassay KW - prisons KW - Demography KW - Blood KW - USA KW - Antibodies KW - Health care KW - Human immunodeficiency virus KW - Risk factors KW - infection KW - Ethnic groups KW - Sex KW - V 22360:AIDS and HIV KW - R2 23060:Medical and environmental health UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/1008842653?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Ariskabstracts&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Urban+Health&rft.atitle=Characteristics+and+trends+of+newly+identified+HIV+infections+among+incarcerated+populations%3A+CDC+HIV+voluntary+counseling%2C+testing%2C+and+referral+system%2C+1992-1998&rft.au=Sabin%2C+Keith+M%3BFrey%2C+Robert+L%3BHorsley%2C+Rosemarie%3BGreby%2C+Stacie+M&rft.aulast=Sabin&rft.aufirst=Keith&rft.date=2001-06-01&rft.volume=78&rft.issue=2&rft.spage=241&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+Urban+Health&rft.issn=10993460&rft_id=info:doi/10.1093%2Fjurban%2F78.2.241 LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2012-04-01 N1 - Last updated - 2013-09-09 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Demography; Western blotting; Blood; Antibodies; Data processing; Risk factors; Drug abuse; Infection; Ethnic groups; Enzyme immunoassay; Public health; Sex; prisons; Health care; Human immunodeficiency virus; homosexuality; infection; Enzymes; USA DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/jurban/78.2.241 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - 2-Methoxyethanol metabolism, embryonic distribution, and macromolecular adduct formation in the rat: the effect of radiofrequency radiation-induced hyperthermia AN - 17927372; 5160080 AB - Exposure of pregnant rats to the solvent 2-methoxyethanol (2ME) and radiofrequency (RF) radiation results in greater than additive fetal malformations. The current study evaluated the metabolism of super(14)C-labeled 2ME and the distribution of methoxyacetic acid (MAA) in maternal and embryonic tissues of pregnant Sprague-Dawley rats either exposed to 10 MHz RF radiation or sham conditions. Additionally, adduct formation for both plasma and embryonic protein was tested as a possible biomarker for the observed 2ME/RF teratogenicity. Rats were administered [ethanol-1,2- super(14)C]-2ME (150 mg/kg, 161 mu Ci/rat average) by gavage on gestation day 13 immediately before RF radiation sufficient to elevate body temperature to 42 degree C for 30 min. Concurrent sham- and RF-exposed rats were sacrificed at 3, 6, 24 or 48 h for harvest of maternal blood, urine, embryos and extra-embryonic fluid. Tissues were either digested for determination of radioactivity or deproteinized with TCA and analyzed by HPLC for quantification of 2ME metabolites. Results show the presence of 2ME and seven metabolites, with the major metabolite, MAA, peaking at 6 h in the tissues tested. MAA, the proximal teratogen, was detectable in maternal serum, urine, embryo and extraembryonic fluid 48 h after dosing. Clearance of total body super(14)C was significantly reduced for the RF-exposed animals (P < 0.05) for the 24-48 h period, but MAA values for serum, embryos and extraembryonic fluid were similar for both sham- and RF-exposed rats. Additionally, no difference was noted for 2ME metabolite profiles in urine or tissue for sham- or RF-exposed rats, thus eliminating an effect of RF radiation on MAA production as a possible explanation for the reported RF-2ME synergism. Subsequently, serum and embryo protein-bound adducts were evaluated by analysis of covalently bound radioactivity. Serum protein binding was significantly higher for sham than RF rats at 3- and 6-h - highest for sham rats at 6 h (519 plus or minus 95 mu g as parent 2ME/g of protein) whereas RF serum values were highest at 24 h (266 plus or minus 79 mu g/g protein). Embryonic protein binding was significantly higher for sham rats at 6 h, but binding was highest for both groups at 24 h (sham = 229 plus or minus 71 mu g/g, RF = 185 plus or minus 48 mu g/g). Formation of protein adducts after 2ME is thought to be related to levels of methoxyacetaldehyde, a reactive intermediate in the formation of MAA. These results suggest that no direct relationship exists for covalent binding in the embryo which would explain RF-2ME synergistic malformations. In comparison with urinary metabolites, the relatively slow elimination of adducted serum 2ME indicates that analysis of protein-bound concentrations could be a potential tool for long-term biomonitoring of worker exposure. JF - Toxicology Letters AU - Cheever, K L AU - Swearengin, T F AU - Edwards, R M AU - Nelson, B K AU - Werren, D W AU - Conover, D L AU - DeBord, D G AD - Department of Health and Human Services, Public Health Service, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, Division of Applied Research and Technology, 4676 Columbia Parkway, Cincinnati, OH 45226, USA, klcl@cdc.gov Y1 - 2001/05/31/ PY - 2001 DA - 2001 May 31 SP - 53 EP - 67 VL - 122 IS - 1 SN - 0378-4274, 0378-4274 KW - ratas KW - 2-methoxyethanol KW - Toxicology Abstracts KW - Malformations KW - Hyperthermia KW - Radiation KW - Teratogenicity KW - Embryos KW - X 24210:Radiation & radioactive materials UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/17927372?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxicologyabstracts&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Toxicology+Letters&rft.atitle=2-Methoxyethanol+metabolism%2C+embryonic+distribution%2C+and+macromolecular+adduct+formation+in+the+rat%3A+the+effect+of+radiofrequency+radiation-induced+hyperthermia&rft.au=Cheever%2C+K+L%3BSwearengin%2C+T+F%3BEdwards%2C+R+M%3BNelson%2C+B+K%3BWerren%2C+D+W%3BConover%2C+D+L%3BDeBord%2C+D+G&rft.aulast=Cheever&rft.aufirst=K&rft.date=2001-05-31&rft.volume=122&rft.issue=1&rft.spage=53&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Toxicology+Letters&rft.issn=03784274&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Radiation; Hyperthermia; Embryos; Malformations; Teratogenicity ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Prevalence of parasites in fecal material from chlorinated swimming pools--United States, 1999. AN - 70922210; 11400955 AB - As a result of the 1998 outbreak of infection with the chlorine-sensitive pathogen Escherichia coli O157:H7 at a waterpark in Georgia, many public health departments updated their guidelines for disinfecting pools following a fecal accident. Many of these guidelines recommended treating all fecal accidents as if they contained the highly chlorine-resistant parasite Cryptosporidium parvum, generally resulting in hyperchlorination and pool closures of up to a day. To determine whether fecal accidents commonly contained Cryptosporidium, the prevalence of this parasite and the moderately chlorine sensitive parasite Giardia intestinalis was assessed by asking swimming pool operators throughout the United States to collect formed stools from fecal accidents in their pools. This report summarizes the results of this study and provides recommendations for disinfecting pools following fecal accidents. JF - MMWR. Morbidity and mortality weekly report AU - Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) AD - Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) Y1 - 2001/05/25/ PY - 2001 DA - 2001 May 25 SP - 410 EP - 412 VL - 50 IS - 20 SN - 0149-2195, 0149-2195 KW - Chlorine KW - 4R7X1O2820 KW - Index Medicus KW - United States KW - Disinfection KW - Animals KW - Humans KW - Prevalence KW - Cryptosporidium parvum -- isolation & purification KW - Swimming Pools KW - Feces -- parasitology KW - Intestinal Diseases, Parasitic -- epidemiology KW - Giardia lamblia -- isolation & purification KW - Intestinal Diseases, Parasitic -- transmission UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/70922210?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=MMWR.+Morbidity+and+mortality+weekly+report&rft.atitle=Prevalence+of+parasites+in+fecal+material+from+chlorinated+swimming+pools--United+States%2C+1999.&rft.au=Centers+for+Disease+Control+and+Prevention+%28CDC%29&rft.aulast=Centers+for+Disease+Control+and+Prevention+%28CDC%29&rft.aufirst=&rft.date=2001-05-25&rft.volume=50&rft.issue=20&rft.spage=410&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=MMWR.+Morbidity+and+mortality+weekly+report&rft.issn=01492195&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 2001-06-21 N1 - Date created - 2001-06-12 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Responding to fecal accidents in disinfected swimming venues. AN - 70911968; 11400957 AB - These recommendations are solely for management of fecal accidents in disinfected recreational water venues. The recommendations do not address use of other nonchlorine disinfectants because there is limited pathogen inactivation data for many of these compounds. Because improper handling of chlorinated disinfectants could cause injury, appropriate occupational safety and health requirements should be followed. JF - MMWR. Morbidity and mortality weekly report AU - Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) AD - Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) Y1 - 2001/05/25/ PY - 2001 DA - 2001 May 25 SP - 416 EP - 417 VL - 50 IS - 20 SN - 0149-2195, 0149-2195 KW - Chlorine KW - 4R7X1O2820 KW - Index Medicus KW - Diarrhea KW - Humans KW - Swimming Pools -- standards KW - Disinfection -- standards KW - Feces UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/70911968?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=MMWR.+Morbidity+and+mortality+weekly+report&rft.atitle=Responding+to+fecal+accidents+in+disinfected+swimming+venues.&rft.au=Centers+for+Disease+Control+and+Prevention+%28CDC%29&rft.aulast=Centers+for+Disease+Control+and+Prevention+%28CDC%29&rft.aufirst=&rft.date=2001-05-25&rft.volume=50&rft.issue=20&rft.spage=416&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=MMWR.+Morbidity+and+mortality+weekly+report&rft.issn=01492195&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 2001-06-21 N1 - Date created - 2001-06-12 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - A nosocomial outbreak of fluoroquinolone-resistant salmonella infection AN - 18074489; 5126071 AB - Infection with fluoroquinolone-resistant strains of salmonella is rare, as is nosocomial salmonella infection. We describe the first recognized outbreak of fluoroquinolone-resistant salmonella infection in the United States, which occurred in two nursing homes and one hospital in Oregon. We interviewed medical staff and reviewed patients' charts and death certificates. In Nursing Home A we conducted a case-control study. Patients were defined as residents of the nursing home from whom fluoroquinolone-resistant Salmonella enterica serotype Schwarzengrund was isolated between February 1996 and December 1998. Controls were residents with similar medical conditions whose cultures did not yield salmonella. Eleven patients with fluoroquinolone-resistant salmonellosis were identified at two nursing homes. In nine patients a urine culture was positive, in one a stool culture, and in one a wound culture. The index patient had been hospitalized in the Philippines and had probably acquired the infection there. Transmission was probably direct (from patient to patient) or through contact with contaminated surfaces. Treatment with fluoroquinolones during the six months before a culture was obtained was associated with a significant risk of salmonella infection. More fluoroquinolones were used at Nursing Home A than at similar nursing homes in Oregon. The isolates from the outbreak had similar patterns on pulsed-field gel electrophoresis and the same gyrA mutations. The isolates from the outbreak were also similar to the only previous isolate of fluoroquinolone-resistant salmonella in the United States, which came from a patient in New York who had been transferred from a hospital in the Philippines. We describe a prolonged nosocomial outbreak of infection with fluoroquinolone-resistant S. enterica serotype Schwarzengrund. More such outbreaks are likely in institutional settings, particularly those in which there is heavy use of antimicrobial agents. JF - New England Journal of Medicine AU - Olsen, S J AU - DeBess, EE AU - McGivern, TE AU - Marano, N AU - Eby, T AU - Mauvais, S AU - Balan, V K AU - Zirnstein, G AU - Cieslak, PR AU - Angulo, F J AD - Foodborne and Diarrheal Diseases Branch, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, 1600 Clifton Rd., Mailstop A-38, Atlanta, GA 30333, USA, sco2@cdc.gov Y1 - 2001/05/24/ PY - 2001 DA - 2001 May 24 SP - 1572 EP - 1579 VL - 344 IS - 21 SN - 0028-4793, 0028-4793 KW - Microbiology Abstracts B: Bacteriology KW - Fluoroquinolones KW - Salmonellosis KW - Salmonella enterica KW - Nosocomial infection KW - Antibiotic resistance KW - J 02846:Gastrointestinal tract UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/18074489?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologyb&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=New+England+Journal+of+Medicine&rft.atitle=A+nosocomial+outbreak+of+fluoroquinolone-resistant+salmonella+infection&rft.au=Olsen%2C+S+J%3BDeBess%2C+EE%3BMcGivern%2C+TE%3BMarano%2C+N%3BEby%2C+T%3BMauvais%2C+S%3BBalan%2C+V+K%3BZirnstein%2C+G%3BCieslak%2C+PR%3BAngulo%2C+F+J&rft.aulast=Olsen&rft.aufirst=S&rft.date=2001-05-24&rft.volume=344&rft.issue=21&rft.spage=1572&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=New+England+Journal+of+Medicine&rft.issn=00284793&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Salmonella enterica; Fluoroquinolones; Nosocomial infection; Antibiotic resistance; Salmonellosis ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Soft tissue infections among injection drug users--San Francisco, California, 1996-2000. AN - 71062367; 11465906 AB - Soft tissue infections (STIs), including abscesses and cellulitis, are a common complication of injection drug use. In 1997, 54 (32%) of 169 injection drug users (IDUs) in one San Francisco neighborhood had a drug-injection-related abscess or cellulitis (1). To characterize STIs among IDUs, data from San Francisco General Hospital (SFGH) discharge and billing records were analyzed. This report summarizes the results of that analysis and presents the case report of one IDU with an STI. The findings indicate that STIs are among the most common diagnoses among patients admitted to SFGH. Preventing STIs among IDUs in San Francisco will require coordinated action involving health-care providers, public health agencies, substance abuse treatment, community outreach, syringe exchange programs, IDUs, and community-based organizations. JF - MMWR. Morbidity and mortality weekly report AU - Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) AD - Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) Y1 - 2001/05/18/ PY - 2001 DA - 2001 May 18 SP - 381 EP - 384 VL - 50 IS - 19 SN - 0149-2195, 0149-2195 KW - Index Medicus KW - Humans KW - Adult KW - San Francisco -- epidemiology KW - Female KW - Soft Tissue Infections -- epidemiology KW - Soft Tissue Infections -- etiology KW - Substance Abuse, Intravenous -- complications UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/71062367?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=MMWR.+Morbidity+and+mortality+weekly+report&rft.atitle=Soft+tissue+infections+among+injection+drug+users--San+Francisco%2C+California%2C+1996-2000.&rft.au=Centers+for+Disease+Control+and+Prevention+%28CDC%29&rft.aulast=Centers+for+Disease+Control+and+Prevention+%28CDC%29&rft.aufirst=&rft.date=2001-05-18&rft.volume=50&rft.issue=19&rft.spage=381&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=MMWR.+Morbidity+and+mortality+weekly+report&rft.issn=01492195&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 2001-07-26 N1 - Date created - 2001-07-23 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Hepatitis B vaccination for injection drug users--Pierce County, Washington, 2000. AN - 71031916; 11465908 AB - Hepatitis B vaccination has been recommended for injection drug users (IDUs) since 1982, but vaccination coverage of IDUs remains low (1), and outbreaks of hepatitis B among IDUs continue to occur. An outbreak of hepatitis B primarily among IDUs in Pierce County, Washington, detected in April 2000, included 60 cases and resulted in three deaths among IDUs co-infected with hepatitis delta virus. A program to administer hepatitis B vaccine to IDUs was implemented to control the outbreak, and the number of cases identified decreased from 13 per month in May to two cases since November. This report describes a vaccination program during which IDUs accepted hepatitis B vaccination provided free of charge in community-based settings and illustrates how effective hepatitis B vaccination programs targeted at IDUs can be implemented through collaborations between departments of health and corrections and community organizations. JF - MMWR. Morbidity and mortality weekly report AU - Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) AD - Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) Y1 - 2001/05/18/ PY - 2001 DA - 2001 May 18 SP - 388 EP - 90, 399 VL - 50 IS - 19 SN - 0149-2195, 0149-2195 KW - Hepatitis B Vaccines KW - 0 KW - Index Medicus KW - Washington -- epidemiology KW - Disease Outbreaks -- prevention & control KW - Humans KW - Adult KW - Aged KW - Middle Aged KW - Community Health Services KW - Adolescent KW - Hepatitis B -- prevention & control KW - Immunization Programs KW - Hepatitis B Vaccines -- administration & dosage KW - Substance Abuse, Intravenous KW - Hepatitis B -- epidemiology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/71031916?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=MMWR.+Morbidity+and+mortality+weekly+report&rft.atitle=Hepatitis+B+vaccination+for+injection+drug+users--Pierce+County%2C+Washington%2C+2000.&rft.au=Centers+for+Disease+Control+and+Prevention+%28CDC%29&rft.aulast=Centers+for+Disease+Control+and+Prevention+%28CDC%29&rft.aufirst=&rft.date=2001-05-18&rft.volume=50&rft.issue=19&rft.spage=388&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=MMWR.+Morbidity+and+mortality+weekly+report&rft.issn=01492195&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 2001-07-26 N1 - Date created - 2001-07-23 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Trends in injection drug use among persons entering addiction treatment--New Jersey, 1992-1999. AN - 71018360; 11465905 AB - Injection drug use is associated with high risk for transmission of bloodborne infections, including human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) and hepatitis B and C. Since 1993, the proportion of persons admitted to New Jersey addiction treatment centers for illicit drug use who reported injecting drugs has increased, reversing a decline that began in approximately 1980 (1; Community EpidemiologyWork Group, unpublished data, 2000). This report summarizes an analysis of trends in injection drug use among persons admitted to New Jersey addiction treatment programs during 1992-1999; the findings suggest substantial increases in injection use among young adult heroin users throughout the state and an increase in heroin use among young adults who reside in suburban and rural New Jersey. JF - MMWR. Morbidity and mortality weekly report AU - Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) AD - Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) Y1 - 2001/05/18/ PY - 2001 DA - 2001 May 18 SP - 378 EP - 381 VL - 50 IS - 19 SN - 0149-2195, 0149-2195 KW - Index Medicus KW - New Jersey -- epidemiology KW - Rural Population KW - Humans KW - Adult KW - Urban Population KW - Substance Abuse Treatment Centers -- statistics & numerical data KW - Substance Abuse, Intravenous -- epidemiology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/71018360?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=MMWR.+Morbidity+and+mortality+weekly+report&rft.atitle=Trends+in+injection+drug+use+among+persons+entering+addiction+treatment--New+Jersey%2C+1992-1999.&rft.au=Centers+for+Disease+Control+and+Prevention+%28CDC%29&rft.aulast=Centers+for+Disease+Control+and+Prevention+%28CDC%29&rft.aufirst=&rft.date=2001-05-18&rft.volume=50&rft.issue=19&rft.spage=378&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=MMWR.+Morbidity+and+mortality+weekly+report&rft.issn=01492195&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 2001-07-26 N1 - Date created - 2001-07-23 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Serratia liquefaciens bloodstream infections from contamination of epoetin alfa at a hemodialysis center AN - 18077790; 5139542 AB - In one month, 10 Serratia liquefaciens bloodstream infections and 6 pyrogenic reactions occurred in outpatients at a hemodialysis center. We performed a cohort study of all hemodialysis sessions on days that staff members reported S. liquefaciens bloodstream infections or pyrogenic reactions. We reviewed procedures and cultured samples of water, medications, soaps, and hand lotions and swabs from the hands of personnel. We analyzed 208 sessions involving 48 patients. In 12 sessions, patients had S. liquefaciens bloodstream infections, and in 8, patients had pyrogenic reactions without bloodstream infection. Sessions with infections or reactions were associated with higher median doses of epoetin alfa than the 188 other sessions (6500 vs. 4000 U, P = 0.03) and were more common during afternoon or evening shifts than morning shifts (P = 0.03). Sessions with infections or reactions were associated with doses of epoetin alfa of more than 4000 U (multivariate odds ratio, 4.0; 95 percent confidence interval, 1.3 to 12.3). A review of procedures revealed that preservative-free, single-use vials of epoetin alfa were punctured multiple times, and residual epoetin alfa from multiple vials was pooled and administered to patients. S. liquefaciens was isolated from pooled epoetin alfa, empty vials of epoetin alfa, antibacterial soap, and hand lotion. All the isolates were identical by pulsed-field gel electrophoresis. After the practice of pooling epoetin alfa was discontinued and the contaminated soap and lotion were replaced, no further S. liquefaciens bloodstream infections or pyrogenic reactions occurred at this hemodialysis facility. Puncturing single-use vials multiple times and pooling preservative-free epoetin alfa caused this outbreak of bloodstream infections in a hemodialysis unit. To prevent similar outbreaks, dialysis units should use medication vials containing the doses most appropriate to their clinical needs. JF - New England Journal of Medicine AU - Grohskopf, LA AU - Roth, V R AU - Feikin AU - Arduino, MJ AU - Carson, LA AU - Tokars, JI AU - Holt, S C AU - Jensen, B J AU - Hoffman, R E AU - Jarvis, W R AD - Hospital Infections Program, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, 1600 Clifton Rd. NE, Mailstop E-69, Atlanta, GA 30333, USA, lkg6@cdc.gov Y1 - 2001/05/17/ PY - 2001 DA - 2001 May 17 SP - 1491 EP - 1497 VL - 344 IS - 20 SN - 0028-4793, 0028-4793 KW - man KW - epoetin alfa KW - Microbiology Abstracts B: Bacteriology KW - Contamination KW - Bacteremia KW - Hemodialysis KW - Serratia liquefaciens KW - J 02855:Human Bacteriology: Others UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/18077790?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologyb&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=New+England+Journal+of+Medicine&rft.atitle=Serratia+liquefaciens+bloodstream+infections+from+contamination+of+epoetin+alfa+at+a+hemodialysis+center&rft.au=Grohskopf%2C+LA%3BRoth%2C+V+R%3BFeikin%3BArduino%2C+MJ%3BCarson%2C+LA%3BTokars%2C+JI%3BHolt%2C+S+C%3BJensen%2C+B+J%3BHoffman%2C+R+E%3BJarvis%2C+W+R&rft.aulast=Grohskopf&rft.aufirst=LA&rft.date=2001-05-17&rft.volume=344&rft.issue=20&rft.spage=1491&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=New+England+Journal+of+Medicine&rft.issn=00284793&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Serratia liquefaciens; Bacteremia; Contamination; Hemodialysis ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Ultrasonic extraction and field-portable anodic stripping voltammetric measurement of lead in dust wipe samples. AN - 77002544; 11267744 AB - Dust wipe samples were subjected to ultrasonic extraction (UE) in diluted nitric acid, and then analyzed for lead content using field-portable anodic stripping voltammetry (ASV). Recoveries of lead were determined from wipe materials which were spiked with certified reference materials (CRMs) containing known quantities of lead. Four different wipe materials and four different CRMs were tested, with and without filtration of aliquots of sample extract through 0.45 microm hydrophilic polytetrafluoroethylene filters. The CRMs consisted of paint, soil, particulate, and dust matrices. Wipe materials were chosen from those which have been found to meet the performance aspects of an ASTM standard specification. UE/ASV experiments were carried out in accordance with newly published ASTM procedures for on-site extraction and electroanalysis. Recoveries were found to vary for different wipe materials and CRMs. For several CRMs, quantitative (80--120%) recoveries for UE/ASV were observed for one wipe material whether filtration was used or not, while other wipe materials required filtration for quantitative recovery. In the case of one wipe material which contained detergents, quantitative recoveries could not be achieved whether filtration was used or not. The total analysis time for a sample set of 6--12 samples was 60--90 min, including extraction time and sample manipulation. The results of this work have provided information on the choice of wipe materials that can be used for quantitative lead measurements by UE/ASV in materials that are representative of sources of lead in surface dust. JF - Journal of hazardous materials AU - Ashley, K AU - Wise, T J AU - Mercado, W AU - Parry, D B AD - US Department of Health and Human Services Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, Cincinnati, OH 45226, USA. kashley@cdc.gov Y1 - 2001/05/07/ PY - 2001 DA - 2001 May 07 SP - 41 EP - 50 VL - 83 IS - 1-2 SN - 0304-3894, 0304-3894 KW - Dust KW - 0 KW - Lead KW - 2P299V784P KW - Nitric Acid KW - 411VRN1TV4 KW - Index Medicus KW - Dust -- analysis KW - Ultrasonics KW - Lead -- analysis KW - Environmental Monitoring -- instrumentation UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/77002544?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+hazardous+materials&rft.atitle=Ultrasonic+extraction+and+field-portable+anodic+stripping+voltammetric+measurement+of+lead+in+dust+wipe+samples.&rft.au=Ashley%2C+K%3BWise%2C+T+J%3BMercado%2C+W%3BParry%2C+D+B&rft.aulast=Ashley&rft.aufirst=K&rft.date=2001-05-07&rft.volume=83&rft.issue=1-2&rft.spage=41&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+hazardous+materials&rft.issn=03043894&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 2001-06-07 N1 - Date created - 2001-03-27 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - National estimates of nonfatal injuries treated in hospital emergency departments--United States, 2000. AN - 71021542; 11465904 AB - On July 1, 2000, the Consumer Product Safety Commission's (CPSC) National Electronic Injury Surveillance System (NEISS) was expanded to collect data on all types and external causes of nonfatal injuries and poisonings treated in U.S. hospital emergency departments (EDs). This augmented system, called NEISS All Injury Program (NEISS-AIP), is a collaborative effort between CDC's National Center for Injury Prevention and Control and CPSC. This report presents annualized national estimates using NEISS-AIP data obtained during July 1-September 30, 2000, which indicate that approximately 31,000,000 persons were treated for nonfatal injuries in EDs in 2000. Although most of the injuries were unintentional, an estimated 1,973,000 were violence-related. Data from NEISS-AIP can be used for monitoring temporal trends in nonfatal injuries by mechanism and intent of injury. JF - MMWR. Morbidity and mortality weekly report AU - Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) AD - Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) Y1 - 2001/05/04/ PY - 2001 DA - 2001 May 04 SP - 340 EP - 346 VL - 50 IS - 17 SN - 0149-2195, 0149-2195 KW - Index Medicus KW - Humans KW - United States -- epidemiology KW - Wounds and Injuries -- epidemiology KW - Emergency Service, Hospital -- statistics & numerical data UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/71021542?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=MMWR.+Morbidity+and+mortality+weekly+report&rft.atitle=National+estimates+of+nonfatal+injuries+treated+in+hospital+emergency+departments--United+States%2C+2000.&rft.au=Centers+for+Disease+Control+and+Prevention+%28CDC%29&rft.aulast=Centers+for+Disease+Control+and+Prevention+%28CDC%29&rft.aufirst=&rft.date=2001-05-04&rft.volume=50&rft.issue=17&rft.spage=340&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=MMWR.+Morbidity+and+mortality+weekly+report&rft.issn=01492195&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 2001-07-26 N1 - Date created - 2001-07-23 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Trends in blood lead levels among children--Boston, Massachusetts, 1994-1999. AN - 71021505; 11465903 AB - Data from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey and national childhood blood lead surveillance data from 19 states indicated that average blood lead levels (BLLs) in young children decreased during the late 1990s (1-3). The proportion of children tested who had BLLs >10 microg/dL declined from 10.5% in 1996 to 7.6% in 1998, although the proportion was higher in certain counties (3). To determine whether a similar decline had occurred in Boston, Massachusetts, where a high proportion of children are tested each year, and whether any changes were similar in high- and low-risk neighborhoods, CDC, in collaboration with the Boston Childhood Lead Poisoning Prevention Program (BCLPPP) performed an analysis of BLLs among children aged 6-72 months in Boston during 1994-1999. The results indicate that BLLs in Boston declined during this period, but because of the geographic variation in lead exposure, continued surveillance will be necessary to eliminate childhood lead poisonings. JF - MMWR. Morbidity and mortality weekly report AU - Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) AD - Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) Y1 - 2001/05/04/ PY - 2001 DA - 2001 May 04 SP - 337 EP - 339 VL - 50 IS - 17 SN - 0149-2195, 0149-2195 KW - Lead KW - 2P299V784P KW - Index Medicus KW - Infant KW - Humans KW - Child KW - Boston -- epidemiology KW - Lead -- blood KW - Child, Preschool KW - Lead Poisoning -- blood KW - Lead Poisoning -- epidemiology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/71021505?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=MMWR.+Morbidity+and+mortality+weekly+report&rft.atitle=Trends+in+blood+lead+levels+among+children--Boston%2C+Massachusetts%2C+1994-1999.&rft.au=Centers+for+Disease+Control+and+Prevention+%28CDC%29&rft.aulast=Centers+for+Disease+Control+and+Prevention+%28CDC%29&rft.aufirst=&rft.date=2001-05-04&rft.volume=50&rft.issue=17&rft.spage=337&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=MMWR.+Morbidity+and+mortality+weekly+report&rft.issn=01492195&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 2001-07-26 N1 - Date created - 2001-07-23 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - CPAPER T1 - Epidemic dengue/dengue haemorrhagic fever as a public health problem in the 21st century AN - 39293502; 3586243 AU - Gubler, D Y1 - 2001/05/03/ PY - 2001 DA - 2001 May 03 KW - CPI, Conference Papers Index KW - U 2000:Biology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/39293502?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Acpi&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=conference&rft.jtitle=&rft.atitle=Epidemic+dengue%2Fdengue+haemorrhagic+fever+as+a+public+health+problem+in+the+21st+century&rft.au=Gubler%2C+D&rft.aulast=Gubler&rft.aufirst=D&rft.date=2001-05-03&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - SuppNotes - Availability: The Society for General Microbiology, Basingstoke Road, Spencers Wood, Reading RG7 1AG, United Kingdom; phone: 44(0) 118 988 1800; fax: 44(0) 118 988 5656; email: admin@sgm.ac.uk N1 - Last updated - 2010-05-03 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Meningococcal disease AN - 17873955; 5114178 AB - REPORTS of illness resembling meningococcal disease date back to the 16th century. The description reported by Vieusseux in 1805 is generally thought to be the first definitive identification of the disease, and the causative organism, Neisseria meningitidis, was first isolated in 1887. Yet meningococcal disease remains a leading cause of bacterial meningitis and sepsis in the United States and a major cause of epidemics in sub-Saharan Africa. Short of abolishing tobacco use, which is thought to be responsible for almost one third of cases, routine vaccination of high-risk populations is likely to be the most effective public health strategy for controlling meningococcal disease. Several companies are in the final stages of developing and testing meningococcal conjugate vaccines for licensure in the United States. These vaccines have been developed with the techniques used to develop Haemophilus influenzae type b conjugate vaccines. Progress is also being made in the use of subcapsular antigens to develop vaccines against serogroup B disease, but for this serogroup, substantial work and probably various approaches are needed to find the right one. There are formidable challenges involved in designing strategies to introduce conjugate vaccines, but these vaccines provide an important new opportunity to control and prevent meningococcal disease. JF - New England Journal of Medicine AU - Rosenstein, N E AU - Perkins, BA AU - Stephens, D S AU - Popovic, T AU - Hughes, J M AD - Division of Bacterial and Mycotic Diseases, National Center for Infectious Diseases, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, 1600 Clifton Rd. N.E., Mailstop C-09, Atlanta, GA 30333, USA, nar5@cdc.gov Y1 - 2001/05/03/ PY - 2001 DA - 2001 May 03 SP - 1378 EP - 1388 VL - 344 IS - 18 SN - 0028-4793, 0028-4793 KW - Africa, Sub-saharan KW - USA KW - meningococcal disease KW - Microbiology Abstracts B: Bacteriology KW - Sepsis KW - Haemophilus influenzae KW - Disease control KW - Vaccines KW - Neisseria meningitidis KW - Meningitis KW - J 02834:Vaccination and immunization UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/17873955?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologyb&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=New+England+Journal+of+Medicine&rft.atitle=Meningococcal+disease&rft.au=Rosenstein%2C+N+E%3BPerkins%2C+BA%3BStephens%2C+D+S%3BPopovic%2C+T%3BHughes%2C+J+M&rft.aulast=Rosenstein&rft.aufirst=N&rft.date=2001-05-03&rft.volume=344&rft.issue=18&rft.spage=1378&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=New+England+Journal+of+Medicine&rft.issn=00284793&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Neisseria meningitidis; Haemophilus influenzae; Meningitis; Sepsis; Vaccines; Disease control ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Genetic basis for susceptibility to noise-induced hearing loss in mice. AN - 85348715; pmid-11335078 AB - The C57BL/6J (B6) and DBA/2J (D2) inbred strains of mice exhibit an age-related hearing loss (AHL) due to a recessive gene (Ahl) that maps to Chromosome 10. The Ahl gene is also implicated in the susceptibility to noise-induced hearing loss (NIHL). The B6 mice (Ahl/Ahl) are more susceptible to NIHL than the CBA/CaJ (CB) mice (+(Ahl)). The B6xD2.F(1) hybrid mice (Ahl/Ahl) are more susceptible to NIHL than the CBxB6.F(1) mice (+/Ahl) [Erway et al., 1996. Hear. Res. 93, 181-187]. These genetic effects implicate the Ahl gene as contributing to NIHL susceptibility. The present study demonstrates segregation for the putative Ahl gene and mapping of such a gene to Chromosome 10, consistent with other independent mapping of Ahl for AHL in 10 strains of mice [Johnson et al., 2000. Genomics 70, 171-180]. The present study was based on a conventional cross between two inbred strains, CBxB6.F(1) backcrossed to B6 with segregation for the putative +/Ahl:Ahl/Ahl. These backcross progeny were exposed to 110 dB SPL noise for 8 h. All of the progeny were tested for auditory evoked brainstem responses and analyzed for any significant permanent threshold shift of NIHL. Cluster analyses were used to distinguish the two putative genotypes, the least affected with NIHL (+/Ahl) and most affected with PTS (Ahl/Ahl). Approximately 1/2 of the backcross progeny exhibited PTS, particularly at 16 kHz. These mice were genotyped for two D10Mit markers. Quantitative trait loci analyses (log of the odds=15) indicated association of the genetic factor within a few centiMorgan of the best evidence for Ahl [Johnson et al., 2000. Genomics 70, 171-180]. All of the available evidence supports a role for the Ahl gene in both AHL and NIHL among these strains of mice. JF - Hearing research AU - Davis, R R AU - Newlander, J K AU - Ling, X AU - Cortopassi, G A AU - Krieg, E F AU - Erway, L C AD - Hearing Loss Prevention Section, Division of Applied Research and Technology, National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Mailstop C-27, 4676 Columbia Parkway, Cincinnati OH 45226, USA. rrdl@cdc.gov Y1 - 2001/05// PY - 2001 DA - May 2001 SP - 82 EP - 90 VL - 155 IS - 1-2 SN - 0378-5955, 0378-5955 KW - Index Medicus KW - National Library of Medicine KW - Animals KW - Auditory Threshold KW - Crosses, Genetic KW - Evoked Potentials, Auditory, Brain Stem KW - Female KW - Genotype KW - *Hearing Loss, Noise-Induced: genetics KW - Hearing Loss, Noise-Induced: physiopathology KW - Hybridization, Genetic KW - Male KW - Mice KW - Mice, Inbred C57BL KW - Mice, Inbred CBA KW - Mice, Inbred DBA KW - Phenotype KW - Species Specificity UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/85348715?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Acomdisdome&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Hearing+research&rft.atitle=Genetic+basis+for+susceptibility+to+noise-induced+hearing+loss+in+mice.&rft.au=Davis%2C+R+R%3BNewlander%2C+J+K%3BLing%2C+X%3BCortopassi%2C+G+A%3BKrieg%2C+E+F%3BErway%2C+L+C&rft.aulast=Davis&rft.aufirst=R&rft.date=2001-05-01&rft.volume=155&rft.issue=1-2&rft.spage=82&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Hearing+research&rft.issn=03785955&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English (eng) DB - ComDisDome N1 - Date revised - 2011-12-15 N1 - Last updated - 2012-07-13 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Comparative pulmonary toxicity of 6 abrasive blasting agents. AN - 77037433; 11294984 AB - Inhalation of silica dust is associated with pulmonary fibrosis. Therefore, substitute abrasive materials have been suggested for use in abrasive blasting operations. To date, toxicological evaluation of most substitute abrasives has been incomplete. Therefore, the objective of this study was to compare the pulmonary toxicity of a set of substitute abrasives (garnet, staurolite, coal slag, specular hematite, and treated sand) to that of blasting sand. Rats were exposed to blasting sand or an abrasive substitute by intratracheal instillation and pulmonary responses to exposure were monitored 4 weeks postexposure. Pulmonary damage was monitored as lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) in the acellular lavage fluid. Pulmonary inflammation was evaluated from the yield of polymorphonuclear leukocytes (PMN) obtained by bronchoalveolar lavage. The activity of alveolar macrophages was determined by measuring zymosan-stimulated chemiluminescence. Blasting sand caused lung damage and showed histologic evidence for inflammation and fibrosis. Garnet, staurolite, and treated sand exhibited toxicity and inflammation that were similar to blasting sand, while coal slag caused greater pulmonary damage and inflammation than blasting sand. In contrast, specular hematite did not significantly elevate LDH or PMN levels and did not stimulate macrophage activity 4 weeks postexposure. JF - Toxicological sciences : an official journal of the Society of Toxicology AU - Hubbs, A F AU - Minhas, N S AU - Jones, W AU - Greskevitch, M AU - Battelli, L A AU - Porter, D W AU - Goldsmith, W T AU - Frazer, D AU - Landsittel, D P AU - Ma, J Y AU - Barger, M AU - Hill, K AU - Schwegler-Berry, D AU - Robinson, V A AU - Castranova, V AD - Health Effects Laboratory Division, National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, 1095 Willowdale Road, Morgantown, West Virginia 26505, USA. afh0@cdc.gov Y1 - 2001/05// PY - 2001 DA - May 2001 SP - 135 EP - 143 VL - 61 IS - 1 SN - 1096-6080, 1096-6080 KW - Coal KW - 0 KW - Ferric Compounds KW - Minerals KW - staurolite KW - 12182-56-8 KW - ferric oxide KW - 1K09F3G675 KW - Silicon Dioxide KW - 7631-86-9 KW - L-Lactate Dehydrogenase KW - EC 1.1.1.27 KW - Index Medicus KW - Rats KW - Animals KW - Rats, Sprague-Dawley KW - Neutrophils -- pathology KW - Macrophages, Alveolar -- enzymology KW - Neutrophils -- enzymology KW - Macrophages, Alveolar -- pathology KW - Male KW - Microscopy, Electron, Scanning KW - Coal -- toxicity KW - Silicon Dioxide -- analysis KW - Minerals -- toxicity KW - Ferric Compounds -- toxicity KW - L-Lactate Dehydrogenase -- chemistry KW - Lung -- cytology KW - Silicon Dioxide -- toxicity KW - Coal -- analysis KW - Minerals -- analysis KW - Bronchoalveolar Lavage Fluid -- chemistry KW - Pulmonary Fibrosis -- pathology KW - Ferric Compounds -- analysis KW - Pulmonary Fibrosis -- chemically induced KW - Pulmonary Fibrosis -- enzymology KW - Lung -- enzymology KW - Bronchoalveolar Lavage Fluid -- cytology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/77037433?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Toxicological+sciences+%3A+an+official+journal+of+the+Society+of+Toxicology&rft.atitle=Comparative+pulmonary+toxicity+of+6+abrasive+blasting+agents.&rft.au=Hubbs%2C+A+F%3BMinhas%2C+N+S%3BJones%2C+W%3BGreskevitch%2C+M%3BBattelli%2C+L+A%3BPorter%2C+D+W%3BGoldsmith%2C+W+T%3BFrazer%2C+D%3BLandsittel%2C+D+P%3BMa%2C+J+Y%3BBarger%2C+M%3BHill%2C+K%3BSchwegler-Berry%2C+D%3BRobinson%2C+V+A%3BCastranova%2C+V&rft.aulast=Hubbs&rft.aufirst=A&rft.date=2001-05-01&rft.volume=61&rft.issue=1&rft.spage=135&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Toxicological+sciences+%3A+an+official+journal+of+the+Society+of+Toxicology&rft.issn=10966080&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 2001-07-12 N1 - Date created - 2001-04-11 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Fatal on-farm injuries among youth 16 to 19 years of age: 1982-1994. AN - 71023817; 11465385 AB - Data from the Vital Statistics Mortality (VSM) public use file and the National Traumatic Occupational Fatalities (NTOF) surveillance systems were used to describe fatal injuries among youth 16-19 years of age in the United States that occurred on farms for the years 1982 through 1994. The VSM captures all deaths in the United States, while the NTOF only captures occupational injury deaths. There were 550 total on-farm fatalities to youth 16-19 years of age in the VSM, and 221 occupational on-farm deaths from the NTOF for the same age group. These numbers suggest that 40% of the on-farm deaths were occupational. It was found that the proportions of deaths attributable to work increased with age. Fatality rates for on-farm nonoccupational deaths decreased slightly during the time period (from 8.4 deaths/100,000 for 1982-1985 to 6.8 deaths/100,000 for 1991-1994), while on-farm occupational fatality rates dropped dramatically (12.0 deaths/100,000 for 1982-1985 down to 4.9 deaths/100,000 for 1991-1994). The leading causes of death for on-farm occupational fatalities were machinery (54%) and electrical current (20%). The most common causes of on-farm fatalities that were nonoccupational were drowning (38.9%) and firearms (28.6%). For the years 1991 through 1994, drowning and firearms accounted for approximately the same number of on-farm deaths as machinery. Nonoccupational risks are a concern for youth 16-19 years of age on the farm. JF - Journal of agricultural safety and health AU - Myers, J R AU - Adekoya, N AD - Division of Safety Research, National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, Morgantown, WV 26505, USA. jom5@cdc.gov Y1 - 2001/05// PY - 2001 DA - May 2001 SP - 101 EP - 112 VL - 7 IS - 2 SN - 1074-7583, 1074-7583 KW - Index Medicus KW - Age Factors KW - Rural Population KW - Accidents, Occupational -- trends KW - Occupational Health -- statistics & numerical data KW - Humans KW - Adult KW - Accidents, Occupational -- mortality KW - Adolescent KW - United States -- epidemiology KW - Male KW - Female KW - Cause of Death KW - Population Surveillance KW - Accidents -- trends KW - Accidents -- mortality KW - Agriculture -- statistics & numerical data UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/71023817?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+agricultural+safety+and+health&rft.atitle=Fatal+on-farm+injuries+among+youth+16+to+19+years+of+age%3A+1982-1994.&rft.au=Myers%2C+J+R%3BAdekoya%2C+N&rft.aulast=Myers&rft.aufirst=J&rft.date=2001-05-01&rft.volume=7&rft.issue=2&rft.spage=101&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+agricultural+safety+and+health&rft.issn=10747583&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 2001-12-07 N1 - Date created - 2001-07-23 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - PulseNet: the molecular subtyping network for foodborne bacterial disease surveillance, United States. AN - 70890050; 11384513 AB - PulseNet, the national molecular subtyping network for foodborne disease surveillance, was established by the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention and several state health department laboratories to facilitate subtyping bacterial foodborne pathogens for epidemiologic purposes. PulseNet, which began in 1996 with 10 laboratories typing a single pathogen (Escherichia coli O157:H7), now includes 46 state and 2 local public health laboratories and the food safety laboratories of the U.S. Food and Drug Administration and the U.S. Department of Agriculture. Four foodborne pathogens (E. coli O157:H7; nontyphoidal Salmonella serotypes, Listeria monocytogenes and Shigella) are being subtyped, and other bacterial, viral, and parasitic organisms will be added soon. JF - Emerging infectious diseases AU - Swaminathan, B AU - Barrett, T J AU - Hunter, S B AU - Tauxe, R V AU - CDC PulseNet Task Force AD - Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia 30333, USA. bas5@cdc.gov ; CDC PulseNet Task Force PY - 2001 SP - 382 EP - 389 VL - 7 IS - 3 SN - 1080-6040, 1080-6040 KW - Index Medicus KW - Databases as Topic KW - Cost-Benefit Analysis KW - Electrophoresis, Gel, Pulsed-Field KW - Terminology as Topic KW - Disease Outbreaks KW - Quality Control KW - Information Services KW - Food Microbiology KW - Bacterial Typing Techniques UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/70890050?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Emerging+infectious+diseases&rft.atitle=PulseNet%3A+the+molecular+subtyping+network+for+foodborne+bacterial+disease+surveillance%2C+United+States.&rft.au=Swaminathan%2C+B%3BBarrett%2C+T+J%3BHunter%2C+S+B%3BTauxe%2C+R+V%3BCDC+PulseNet+Task+Force&rft.aulast=Swaminathan&rft.aufirst=B&rft.date=2001-05-01&rft.volume=7&rft.issue=3&rft.spage=382&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Emerging+infectious+diseases&rft.issn=10806040&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 2001-07-05 N1 - Date created - 2001-05-31 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - SuppNotes - Cited By: J Clin Microbiol. 1997 Nov;35(11):2977-80 [9350772] J Infect Dis. 1997 Sep;176(3):815-8 [9291342] J Infect Dis. 1998 Jun;177(6):1588-93 [9607837] MMWR Morb Mortal Wkly Rep. 1998 Jun 12;47(22):462-4 [9639368] Epidemiol Infect. 1998 Oct;121(2):289-93 [9825779] MMWR Morb Mortal Wkly Rep. 1998 Dec 25;47(50):1085-6 [9883769] MMWR Morb Mortal Wkly Rep. 1999 Jan 8;47(51-52):1117-8 [9921730] Ann Intern Med. 1999 Feb 2;130(3):202-9 [10049198] MMWR Morb Mortal Wkly Rep. 1999 Apr 16;48(14):285-9 [10227795] J Clin Microbiol. 1999 Jul;37(7):2209-14 [10364587] Rev Infect Dis. 1986 Sep-Oct;8(5):682-92 [3024288] Arch Intern Med. 2000 Aug 14-28;160(15):2380-5 [10927738] J Clin Microbiol. 1984 Feb;19(2):100-4 [6365952] J Clin Microbiol. 1994 Dec;32(12):3013-7 [7883892] Emerg Infect Dis. 1996 Apr-Jun;2(2):130-2 [8903214] Arch Intern Med. 1997 Jan 27;157(2):204-8 [9009977] JAMA. 1997 May 7;277(17):1337, 1339-40 [9134923] J Appl Microbiol. 1997 Jun;82(6):713-21 [9202438] Vet Clin North Am Food Anim Pract. 1998 Mar;14(1):165-72 [9532675] N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Public health assessment of hexachlorobenzene. AN - 70870377; 11372883 AB - Recently, hexachlorobenzene (HCB) was proposed for inclusion in the system of toxicity equivalency factors (TEFs) currently used for dioxin-like compounds. In this paper, we explore the practical implications of the proposition to the Agency for Toxic Substances and Disease Registry (ATSDR) programs by comparing respective health guidance values for 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin (TCDD) and HCB (expressed as total toxicity equivalents [TEQs]), reviewing possible interactions between HCB and dioxin-like chemicals, and by providing information on actual co-existence of HCB and dioxin-like chemicals at hazardous waste sites. We found a good correlation between the TEF-adjusted oral exposure guidance values for HCB and guidance values for TCDD. The combination of HCB and other dioxin-like compounds was not found in soil, air, or water media at hazardous waste sites. Based on this fact, it is not necessary to include HCB in the total TEQ count at hazardous waste sites at this time. JF - Chemosphere AU - Pohl, H R AU - McClure, P R AU - Fay, M AU - Holler, J AU - De Rosa, C T AD - Agency for Toxic Substances and Disease Registry, US Department of Health and Human Services, Atlanta, GA 30333, USA. hrp1@cdc.gov PY - 2001 SP - 903 EP - 908 VL - 43 IS - 4-7 SN - 0045-6535, 0045-6535 KW - Environmental Pollutants KW - 0 KW - Fungicides, Industrial KW - Hazardous Waste KW - Polychlorinated Dibenzodioxins KW - Hexachlorobenzene KW - 4Z87H0LKUY KW - Index Medicus KW - Reference Values KW - Drug Interactions KW - Polychlorinated Dibenzodioxins -- adverse effects KW - Humans KW - Environmental Pollutants -- analysis KW - Environmental Pollutants -- adverse effects KW - Registries KW - Public Health KW - Hexachlorobenzene -- analysis KW - Fungicides, Industrial -- adverse effects KW - Fungicides, Industrial -- analysis KW - Environmental Exposure KW - Hexachlorobenzene -- adverse effects UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/70870377?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Chemosphere&rft.atitle=Public+health+assessment+of+hexachlorobenzene.&rft.au=Pohl%2C+H+R%3BMcClure%2C+P+R%3BFay%2C+M%3BHoller%2C+J%3BDe+Rosa%2C+C+T&rft.aulast=Pohl&rft.aufirst=H&rft.date=2001-05-01&rft.volume=43&rft.issue=4-7&rft.spage=903&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Chemosphere&rft.issn=00456535&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 2001-09-27 N1 - Date created - 2001-05-24 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Surveillance for poliovirus vaccine adverse events, 1991 to 1998: impact of a sequential vaccination schedule of inactivated poliovirus vaccine followed by oral poliovirus vaccine. AN - 70851133; 11331733 AB - The elimination of wild-virus-associated poliomyelitis in the Western Hemisphere in 1991 and rapid progress in global polio eradication efforts changed the risk-benefit ratio associated with the exclusive use of oral poliovirus vaccine (OPV) for routine immunization. These changes, plus the November 1987 development of an enhanced-potency inactivated poliovirus vaccine (IPV), which poses no risk of vaccine-associated paralytic poliomyelitis (VAPP), resulted in a change in polio immunization policy in the United States. In September 1996, the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention recommended that IPV replace OPV for the first 2 doses in a sequential poliovirus vaccine schedule. The Vaccine Adverse Event Reporting System (VAERS), a passive surveillance system for adverse events after receipt of any US-licensed vaccine, is used to monitor postlicensure vaccine safety. Postlicensure surveillance of vaccines is important to identify new, rare, or delayed-onset adverse reactions not detected in prelicensure clinical trials or when new vaccine schedules are adopted. Through continual monitoring of adverse events and identification of potential vaccine risks, VAERS can serve as an important resource to ensure continued public acceptance of vaccines. We compared VAERS reports after the receipt of IPV to reports after OPV in infants from 1991 through 1998. Comparisons included reports listing IPV and OPV coadministered with other vaccines. Annual reporting rates per 100 000 doses distributed within 3 severity categories (fatal, nonfatal serious, less serious) were examined. Distributions of severity categories by vaccine type, age, and time period (pre- and postrecommendation) were constructed. Safety profiles (distribution of 21 symptom groupings) for IPV and OPV reports were compared. Analysis was restricted to reports for infants 1 to 3 months old and 4 to 6 months old, corresponding generally to first- and second-dose recipients. Any notable increase in a severity or safety category for IPV compared with OPV was followed up by examining the frequency of specific symptoms, reporting source, and date of vaccination. An important limitation of VAERS is that reports do not necessarily represent adverse events caused by vaccines. In many cases, the events are temporal associations only. The annual rates of VAERS reports per 100 000 vaccine doses distributed by severity category, 1991 to 1998, were in general similar for reports after IPV compared with those after OPV. The reporting rates for poliovirus vaccine did not increase materially with the shift to IPV usage. The relative frequencies of symptoms in the fatal and nonfatal serious categories for 1998 vaccine administrations were similar to 1997 reports. Severity profiles for IPV and OPV reports in infants 1 to 3 months old and 4 to 6 months old, corresponding to first- and second-dose recipients, were remarkably similar. The frequency of symptoms listed on IPV reports categorized as fatal or serious was examined by age, vaccine combinations, and time period, and the distribution of symptoms was similar for ages 1 to 3 months and 4 to 6 months. In the postrecommendation period, the 10 most frequent symptoms reported with IPV were also reported with OPV in either similar or lower relative frequency. During the postrecommendation period, safety profiles for infants 4 to 6 months old showed a 2.5% higher proportion in the allergic reaction category for IPV than for OPV, but none of the allergic reaction reports indicated anaphylaxis. In general, the distribution of symptom groupings was not markedly different for IPV compared with OPV. No cases of VAPP were reported after the administration of IPV, whereas 5 VAPP cases were reported after the administration of OPV. Although VAERS is subject to the limitations of most passive surveillance systems, the large number of reports and national coverage provide a unique database for monitoring vaccine safety. There was a marked increase of IPV reports in VAERS after 1996, consistent with implementation of the Advisory Committee on Immunization Practices recommendation for the sequential IPV/OPV poliovirus vaccination schedule. Given the increased use of IPV, a review of potential adverse events in VAERS compared IPV with OPV reports both before and after the introduction of the sequential vaccination schedule. Vaccine safety surveillance indicated no adverse events patterns of potential concern following the use of IPV in infants after the introduction of the sequential vaccination schedule. Ongoing surveillance is documenting a decrease in VAPP. These findings provide useful information to support the Advisory Committee on Immunization Practices recommendation, made in 1999, to shift to an all-IPV schedule. JF - Pediatrics AU - Wattigney, W A AU - Mootrey, G T AU - Braun, M M AU - Chen, R T AD - Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, National Immunization Program, Atlanta, Georgia 30341-3717, USA. wdw0@cdc.gov Y1 - 2001/05// PY - 2001 DA - May 2001 SP - 1 VL - 107 IS - 5 KW - Poliovirus Vaccine, Inactivated KW - 0 KW - Poliovirus Vaccine, Oral KW - Abridged Index Medicus KW - Index Medicus KW - United States KW - Infant KW - Adverse Drug Reaction Reporting Systems KW - Humans KW - Immunization Schedule KW - Population Surveillance KW - Poliovirus Vaccine, Inactivated -- administration & dosage KW - Poliovirus Vaccine, Oral -- administration & dosage KW - Poliovirus Vaccine, Inactivated -- adverse effects KW - Poliovirus Vaccine, Oral -- adverse effects UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/70851133?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Pediatrics&rft.atitle=Surveillance+for+poliovirus+vaccine+adverse+events%2C+1991+to+1998%3A+impact+of+a+sequential+vaccination+schedule+of+inactivated+poliovirus+vaccine+followed+by+oral+poliovirus+vaccine.&rft.au=Wattigney%2C+W+A%3BMootrey%2C+G+T%3BBraun%2C+M+M%3BChen%2C+R+T&rft.aulast=Wattigney&rft.aufirst=W&rft.date=2001-05-01&rft.volume=107&rft.issue=5&rft.spage=E83&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Pediatrics&rft.issn=1098-4275&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 2001-07-12 N1 - Date created - 2001-05-24 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - An assessment of the ability of routine restaurant inspections to predict food-borne outbreaks in Miami-Dade County, Florida. AN - 70822040; 11344897 AB - This study sought to determine the usefulness of restaurant inspections in predicting food-borne outbreaks in Miami-Dade County, Fla. Inspection reports of restaurants with outbreaks in 1995 (cases; n = 51) were compared with those of randomly selected restaurants that had no reported outbreaks (controls; n = 76). Cases and controls did not differ by overall inspection outcome or mean number of critical violations. Only 1 critical violation--evidence of vermin--was associated with outbreaks (odds ratio = 3.3; 95% confidence interval = 1.1, 13.1). Results of restaurant inspections in Miami-Dade County did not predict outbreaks. If these findings are representative of the situation in other jurisdictions, inspection practices may need to be updated. JF - American journal of public health AU - Cruz, M A AU - Katz, D J AU - Suarez, J A AD - Office of Epidemiology and Disease Control, Miami-Dade County Health Department, Miami, Fla., USA. mgc8@cdc.gov Y1 - 2001/05// PY - 2001 DA - May 2001 SP - 821 EP - 823 VL - 91 IS - 5 SN - 0090-0036, 0090-0036 KW - Abridged Index Medicus KW - Index Medicus KW - Odds Ratio KW - Analysis of Variance KW - Logistic Models KW - Humans KW - Case-Control Studies KW - Forecasting KW - Florida KW - Facility Regulation and Control KW - Disease Outbreaks -- prevention & control KW - Restaurants -- standards KW - Foodborne Diseases -- prevention & control KW - Quality Assurance, Health Care UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/70822040?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=American+journal+of+public+health&rft.atitle=An+assessment+of+the+ability+of+routine+restaurant+inspections+to+predict+food-borne+outbreaks+in+Miami-Dade+County%2C+Florida.&rft.au=Cruz%2C+M+A%3BKatz%2C+D+J%3BSuarez%2C+J+A&rft.aulast=Cruz&rft.aufirst=M&rft.date=2001-05-01&rft.volume=91&rft.issue=5&rft.spage=821&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=American+journal+of+public+health&rft.issn=00900036&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 2001-05-31 N1 - Date created - 2001-05-09 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - SuppNotes - Cited By: Biometrics. 1975 Sep;31(3):643-9 [1100136] Can J Public Health. 1994 Jul-Aug;85 Suppl 1:S61-6 [7987762] Am J Public Health. 1989 May;79(5):586-90 [2705592] N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Congenital toxoplasmosis: a review. AN - 70817130; 11333376 AB - Toxoplasmosis is caused by infection with the protozoan parasite Toxoplasma gondii. In the United States, approximately 85% of women of childbearing age are susceptible to acute infection with T. gondii. Acute infections in pregnant women may cause serious health problems when the organism is transmitted to the fetus (congenital toxoplasmosis), including mental retardation, seizures, blindness, and death. An estimated 400 to 4000 cases of congenital toxoplasmosis occur in the U.S. each year. Manifestations of congenital toxoplasmosis may not become apparent until the second or third decade of life. Serologic tests are used to diagnose acute infection in pregnant women, but false-positive tests occur frequently, therefore, serologic diagnosis must be confirmed at a reference laboratory before treatment with potentially toxic drugs should be considered. Much of congenital toxoplasmosis can be prevented by educating women of childbearing age and pregnant women to avoid eating raw or undercooked meat, to avoid cross-contamination of other foods with raw or undercooked meat, and to use proper cat-litter and soil-related hygiene. JF - Obstetrical & gynecological survey AU - Jones, J L AU - Lopez, A AU - Wilson, M AU - Schulkin, J AU - Gibbs, R AD - Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia 30341-3724, USA. JLJ1@cdc.gov Y1 - 2001/05// PY - 2001 DA - May 2001 SP - 296 EP - 305 VL - 56 IS - 5 SN - 0029-7828, 0029-7828 KW - Index Medicus KW - Animals KW - Patient Education as Topic KW - Serologic Tests KW - Meat -- parasitology KW - Humans KW - Feces -- parasitology KW - Cats KW - Food Contamination KW - Guidelines as Topic KW - Female KW - Pregnancy KW - Toxoplasmosis, Congenital -- diagnosis KW - Pregnancy Complications, Parasitic -- prevention & control KW - Toxoplasmosis, Congenital -- epidemiology KW - Toxoplasmosis, Congenital -- complications UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/70817130?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Obstetrical+%26+gynecological+survey&rft.atitle=Congenital+toxoplasmosis%3A+a+review.&rft.au=Jones%2C+J+L%3BLopez%2C+A%3BWilson%2C+M%3BSchulkin%2C+J%3BGibbs%2C+R&rft.aulast=Jones&rft.aufirst=J&rft.date=2001-05-01&rft.volume=56&rft.issue=5&rft.spage=296&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Obstetrical+%26+gynecological+survey&rft.issn=00297828&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 2001-07-12 N1 - Date created - 2001-05-02 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - The Youth Risk Behavior Surveillance System: Measuring Health-Risk Behaviors AN - 60411244; 200116336 AB - The Youth Risk Behavior Surveillance System (YRBSS) monitors priority health-risk behaviors among youth. In 1999, many high school students practiced behaviors that contribute to leading health problems -- 16.4% rarely or never wore safety belts &, during the past 30 days, 17.3% carried a weapon, 34.8% smoked cigarettes, & 26.7% used marijuana. Also, 49.9% had had sexual intercourse. A full 26.0% were at risk for becoming overweight or were overweight. It is concluded that YRBSS data can be used to improve policies & programs to reduce priority health-risk behaviors among youth. 10 References. Adapted from the source document. JF - American Journal of Health Behavior AU - Kann, Laura AD - National Center Chronic Disease Prevention & Health Promotion, Centers Disease Control & Prevention, Atlanta, GA lkk1@cdc.gov Y1 - 2001/05// PY - 2001 DA - May 2001 SP - 272 EP - 277 VL - 25 IS - 3 SN - 1087-3244, 1087-3244 KW - Health Research KW - Health Problems KW - Health Behavior KW - High School Students KW - Youth KW - Risk Assessment KW - article KW - 1939: the family and socialization; adolescence & youth KW - 2045: sociology of health and medicine; sociology of medicine & health care UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/60411244?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Asocabs&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=American+Journal+of+Health+Behavior&rft.atitle=The+Youth+Risk+Behavior+Surveillance+System%3A+Measuring+Health-Risk+Behaviors&rft.au=Kann%2C+Laura&rft.aulast=Kann&rft.aufirst=Laura&rft.date=2001-05-01&rft.volume=25&rft.issue=3&rft.spage=272&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=American+Journal+of+Health+Behavior&rft.issn=10873244&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - Sociological Abstracts N1 - Date revised - 2007-04-01 N1 - Last updated - 2016-09-28 N1 - CODEN - AJHBF6 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Youth; Health Behavior; Health Problems; High School Students; Risk Assessment; Health Research ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Sexually Transmitted Diseases of Older Persons in Washington State AN - 18332568; 5382140 AB - Sexually transmitted diseases (STDs) in persons older than 50 years are rarely studied because STDs are more common in young people. Understanding the epidemiology of STDs in older persons is important for reducing STD morbidity and for improving STD care. To understand the epidemiology of STDs in older persons. Washington State's STD surveillance data from 1992 to 1998 were analyzed to describe the burden of STDs and source of care for these diseases in older persons. From 1992 to 1998, 1535 episodes of STDs were reported for 50- to 80-year-olds in Washington State, accounting for 1.3% of all reported STDs. The most common STDs were nongonococcal urethritis in men and genital herpes in women. As compared with younger persons, older individuals more frequently sought care at private clinics and had symptoms at the time of the clinic visit. Sexually transmitted diseases are reported among older persons, although at lower rates than among younger persons. Services for STD and counseling regarding safe sex should be available to persons of all ages. JF - Sexually Transmitted Diseases AU - Xu, Fujie AU - Schillinger, JA AU - Aubin, M R AU - St Louis, ME AU - Markowitz, LE AD - Division of Sexually Transmitted Disease Prevention, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), Atlanta, GA, USA Y1 - 2001/05// PY - 2001 DA - May 2001 SP - 287 EP - 291 VL - 28 IS - 5 KW - elderly KW - sexual behavior KW - sexually transmitted diseases KW - Health & Safety Science Abstracts; Microbiology Abstracts B: Bacteriology KW - USA, Washington KW - Age KW - Sexually-transmitted diseases KW - Geriatrics KW - Sexual behavior KW - H 11000:Diseases/Injuries/Trauma KW - J 02849:Sexually-transmitted diseases UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/18332568?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologyb&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Sexually+Transmitted+Diseases&rft.atitle=Sexually+Transmitted+Diseases+of+Older+Persons+in+Washington+State&rft.au=Xu%2C+Fujie%3BSchillinger%2C+JA%3BAubin%2C+M+R%3BSt+Louis%2C+ME%3BMarkowitz%2C+LE&rft.aulast=Xu&rft.aufirst=Fujie&rft.date=2001-05-01&rft.volume=28&rft.issue=5&rft.spage=287&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Sexually+Transmitted+Diseases&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - USA, Washington; Age; Geriatrics; Sexual behavior; Sexually-transmitted diseases ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Insertion of fluorescent fatty acid probes into the outer membranes of the pathogenic spirochaetes Treponema pallidum and Borrelia burgdorferi AN - 18223779; 5294527 AB - The authors examined the ability of octadecanoyl (C sub(18)), hexadecanoyl (C sub(16)) and dodecanoyl (C sub(12)) fatty acid (FA) conjugates of 5-aminofluorescein (OAF, HAF and DAF, respectively) to insert into the outer membranes (OMs) of Treponema pallidum, Borrelia burgdorferi and Escherichia coli. Biophysical studies have demonstrated that these compounds stably insert into phospholipid bilayers with the acyl chain within the hydrophobic interior of the apical leaflet and the hydrophilic fluorescein moiety near the phospholipid head groups. Consistent with the known poor intrinsic permeability of the E. coli OM to hydrophobic compounds and surfactants, E. coli was not labelled with any of the FA probes. OAF inserted more readily into OMs of B. burgdorferi than into those of T. pallidum, although both organisms were completely labelled at concentrations at or below 2 mu g ml super(-1). Intact spirochaetes were labelled with OAF but not with antibodies against known periplasmic antigens, thereby confirming that the probe interacted exclusively with the spirochaetal OMs. Separate experiments in which organisms were cooled to 4 degree C (i.e. below the OM phase-transition temperatures) indicated that labelling with OAF was due to insertion of the probe into the OMs. B. burgdorferi, but not T. pallidum, was labelled by relatively high concentrations of HAF and DAF. Taken as a whole, these findings support the prediction that the lack of lipopolysaccharide renders T. pallidum and B. burgdorferi OMs markedly more permeable to lipophilic compounds than their Gram-negative bacterial counterparts. The data also raise the intriguing possibility that these two pathogenic spirochaetes obtain long-chain FAs, nutrients they are unable to synthesize, by direct permeation of their OMs. JF - Microbiology AU - Cox, D L AU - Radolf, J D AD - The Bacterial STD Branch, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Mailstop D-13, 1600 Clifton Rd, Atlanta, GA 30333, USA, dlc6@cdc.gov Y1 - 2001/05// PY - 2001 DA - May 2001 SP - 1161 EP - 1169 VL - 147 IS - 5 SN - 1350-0872, 1350-0872 KW - 5-aminofluorescein KW - Dodecanoyl-aminofluorescein KW - Hexadecanoylaminofluorescein KW - Octadecanoylaminofluorescein KW - Microbiology Abstracts B: Bacteriology KW - Flow cytometry KW - Permeability KW - Fluorescence KW - Borrelia burgdorferi KW - Outer membranes KW - Treponema pallidum KW - Fatty acids KW - J 02721:Cell cycle, morphology and motility UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/18223779?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologyb&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Microbiology&rft.atitle=Insertion+of+fluorescent+fatty+acid+probes+into+the+outer+membranes+of+the+pathogenic+spirochaetes+Treponema+pallidum+and+Borrelia+burgdorferi&rft.au=Cox%2C+D+L%3BRadolf%2C+J+D&rft.aulast=Cox&rft.aufirst=D&rft.date=2001-05-01&rft.volume=147&rft.issue=5&rft.spage=1161&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Microbiology&rft.issn=13500872&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Treponema pallidum; Borrelia burgdorferi; Fatty acids; Fluorescence; Outer membranes; Flow cytometry; Permeability ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Diesel Exhaust Particles Suppress Macrophage Function and Slow the Pulmonary Clearance of Listeria monocytogenes in Rats AN - 18200939; 5219206 AB - In this study, we tested the hypothesis that exposure to diesel exhaust particles (DEP) may increase susceptibility of the host to pulmonary infection. Male Sprague-Dawley rats received a single dose of DEP (5 mg/kg), carbon black (CB, 5 mg/kg), or saline intratracheally. Three days later, the rats were inoculated intratracheally with similar to 5,000 Listeria monocytogenes and sacrificed at 3, 5, and 7 days postinfection, and we determined the number of viable Listeria in the left lobe of lungs. The remaining lungs underwent bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) and the retrieved BAL cells were identified and counted. Luminol-dependent chemiluminescence, a measure of reactive oxygen species (ROS) formation, generated by BAL cells was monitored and the levels of nitric oxide and tumor necrosis factor (TNF)- alpha produced by macrophages in culture were determined. At 7 days postinfection, we excised the lung-draining lymph nodes and phenotyped the lymphocyte subpopulations. Exposure of rats to DEP, but not to CB, decreased the clearance of Listeria from the lungs. Listeria-induced generation of luminol-dependent chemiluminescence by pulmonary phagocytes decreased by exposure to DEP but not CB. Similarly, Listeria-induced production of NO by alveolar macrophages was negated at 3, 5, and 7 days after inoculation in DEP-exposed rats. In contrast, CB exposure had no effect on Listeria-induced NO production at 3 days after infection and had a substantially smaller effect than DEP at later days. Exposure to DEP or CB resulted in enlarged lung-draining lymph nodes and increased the number and percentage of CD4 super(+) and CD8 super(+) T cells. These results showed that exposure to DEP decreased the ability of macrophages to produce antimicrobial oxidants in response to Listeria, which may play a role in the increased susceptibility of rats to pulmonary infection. This DEP-induced suppression is caused partially by chemicals adsorbed onto the carbon core of DEP, because impaired macrophage function and decreased Listeria clearance were not observed following exposure to CB. JF - Environmental Health Perspectives AU - Yang, H-M AU - Antonini, J M AU - Barger, M W AU - Butterworth, L AU - Roberts, J R AU - Ma, JKH AU - Castranova, V AU - Ma, JYC AD - Mail Stop 2015, PPRB/HELD, National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, 1095 Willowdale Road, Morgantown, WV 26505 USA, hay7@cdc.gov Y1 - 2001/05// PY - 2001 DA - May 2001 SP - 515 EP - 521 VL - 109 IS - 5 SN - 0091-6765, 0091-6765 KW - diesel exhaust particles KW - rats KW - Animal models KW - diesel KW - Microbiology Abstracts B: Bacteriology; Toxicology Abstracts KW - Macrophages KW - Listeria monocytogenes KW - Listeriosis KW - Particulate pollution KW - Tumor necrosis factor-a KW - Lymph nodes KW - Exhausts KW - Air pollution KW - Respiratory tract diseases KW - Lung KW - Nitric oxide KW - Immune response KW - Lavage KW - Chemiluminescence KW - J 02845:Ear, nose and respiratory tract KW - X 24154:Pathology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/18200939?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologyb&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Environmental+Health+Perspectives&rft.atitle=Diesel+Exhaust+Particles+Suppress+Macrophage+Function+and+Slow+the+Pulmonary+Clearance+of+Listeria+monocytogenes+in+Rats&rft.au=Yang%2C+H-M%3BAntonini%2C+J+M%3BBarger%2C+M+W%3BButterworth%2C+L%3BRoberts%2C+J+R%3BMa%2C+JKH%3BCastranova%2C+V%3BMa%2C+JYC&rft.aulast=Yang&rft.aufirst=H-M&rft.date=2001-05-01&rft.volume=109&rft.issue=5&rft.spage=515&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Environmental+Health+Perspectives&rft.issn=00916765&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Listeria monocytogenes; Respiratory tract diseases; Macrophages; Listeriosis; Lung; Tumor necrosis factor-a; Chemiluminescence; Nitric oxide; Lavage; Lymph nodes; Exhausts; Air pollution; Particulate pollution; Immune response ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Comparison of Two Commercial Microimmunofluorescence Kits and an Enzyme Immunoassay Kit for Detection of Serum Immunoglobulin G Antibodies to Chlamydia pneumoniae AN - 17889446; 5126847 AB - We compared the MRL and the Labsystems Chlamydia pneumoniae microimmunofluorescence (MIF) immunoglobulin G (IgG) kits and the Labsystems enzyme immunoassay (EIA) kit in a blinded study of 83 serum samples in which we evaluated titers, cross-reactivity to other species, and reproducibility. There was no statistically significant difference between the MRL and the Labsystems MIF kits in the endpoint titers of IgG antibody to C. pneumoniae. The correlation between the results obtained with these two MIF kits was excellent (r = 0.95; P = 0.001). The cross-reactivity of the C. pneumoniae-positive sera with C. trachomatis- and C. psittaci-positive sera was assessed for each MIF kit. For C. pneumoniae-positive sera with titers of greater than or equal to 32, the Labsystems MIF kit exhibited more cross-reactivity to C. psittaci than the MRL kit did. The values obtained with the Labsystems EIA kit represented single dilutions of serum specimens expressed as enzymeimmuno units on a continuous scale. The results obtained with the Labsystems EIA kit correlated moderately well with those obtained with each MIF kit when they were compared for their abilities to detect IgG antibodies to C. pneumoniae (for the MRL MIF kit, r = 0.79 [P = 0.001]; for the Labsystems MIF kit, r = 0.78 [P = 0.001]). The results obtained with the commercial MRL and Labsystems MIF kits and the Labsystems EIA kit tested were reproducible; and the kits were standardized, had quality control reagents, and are suitable for detection of C. pneumoniae antibodies in serum and for use in interlaboratory studies. Validation of the use of these kits for clinical diagnosis still needs further evaluation. JF - Clinical and Diagnostic Laboratory Immunology AU - Messmer, TO AU - Martinez, J AU - Hassouna, F AU - Zell, E R AU - Harris, W AU - Dowell, S AU - Carlone, G M AD - 1600 Clifton Rd., MS G 05, Atlanta, GA 30333, USA, TMessmer@cdc.gov Y1 - 2001/05// PY - 2001 DA - May 2001 SP - 588 EP - 592 VL - 8 IS - 3 SN - 1071-412X, 1071-412X KW - man KW - Chlamydia pneumoniae KW - Microbiology Abstracts B: Bacteriology; Immunology Abstracts KW - Antibodies KW - Immunoglobulin G KW - Immunofluorescence KW - Enzyme immunoassay KW - J 02831:Techniques and reagents KW - F 06723:Other labelling methods UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/17889446?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologyb&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Clinical+and+Diagnostic+Laboratory+Immunology&rft.atitle=Comparison+of+Two+Commercial+Microimmunofluorescence+Kits+and+an+Enzyme+Immunoassay+Kit+for+Detection+of+Serum+Immunoglobulin+G+Antibodies+to+Chlamydia+pneumoniae&rft.au=Messmer%2C+TO%3BMartinez%2C+J%3BHassouna%2C+F%3BZell%2C+E+R%3BHarris%2C+W%3BDowell%2C+S%3BCarlone%2C+G+M&rft.aulast=Messmer&rft.aufirst=TO&rft.date=2001-05-01&rft.volume=8&rft.issue=3&rft.spage=588&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Clinical+and+Diagnostic+Laboratory+Immunology&rft.issn=1071412X&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Chlamydia pneumoniae; Enzyme immunoassay; Immunoglobulin G; Antibodies; Immunofluorescence ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Assignment of CDC Weak Oxidizer Group 2 (WO-2) to the Genus Pandoraea and Characterization of Three New Pandoraea Genomospecies AN - 17888520; 5120318 AB - CDC weak oxidizer group 2 (WO-2) consists of nine phenotypically similar human clinical isolates received by the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention between 1989 and 1998. Four of the isolates were from blood, three were from sputum, and one each was from bronchial fluid and maxillary sinus. All are aerobic nonfermentative, motile gram-negative rods with one to eight polar flagella per cell. All grew at 25 and 35 degree C and were positive for catalase, urease (usually delayed 3 to 7 days), citrate, alkalinization of litmus milk, oxidization of glycerol (weakly), and growth on MacConkey agar and in nutrient broth without NaCl. All except one strain were oxidase positive with the Kovacs method, and all except one isolate weakly oxidized D-glucose. All were negative for oxidation of D-xylose, D-mannitol, lactose, sucrose, maltose, and 20 other carbohydrates, esculin hydrolysis, indole production, arginine dihydrolase, and lysine and ornithine decarboxylase. Only two of nine isolates reduced nitrate. Broth microdilution susceptibilities were determined for all strains against 13 antimicrobial agents. Most of the strains were resistant to ampicillin, extended-spectrum cephalosporins, and aminoglycosides, including gentamicin, tobramycin, and amikacin, but they varied in their susceptibility to fluoroquinolones. High-performance liquid chromatographic and mass spectrometric analyses of the WO-2 group identified ubiquinone-8 as the major quinone component. The percent G+C of the WO-2 strains ranged from 65.2 to 70.7% (thermal denaturation method). All shared a common cellular fatty acid (CFA) profile, which was characterized by relatively large amounts (7 to 22%) of 16:1 omega 7c, 16:0, 17:0cyc, 18:1 omega 7c, and 19:0cyc; small amounts (1 to 3%) of 12:0 and 14:0; and eight hydroxy acids, 2-OH-12:0 (4%), 2-OH-14:0 (trace), 3-OH-14:0 (12%), 2-OH-16:1 (1%), 2-OH-16:0 (3%), 3-OH-16:0 (4%), 2-OH-18:1 (2%), and 2-OH-19:0cyc (3%). This profile is similar to the CFA profile of Pandoraea, a recently described genus associated with respiratory infections in cystic fibrosis patients (T. Coenye et al., Int. J. Syst. Evol. Microbiol., 50:887-899, 2000). Sequencing of the 16S rRNA gene (1,300 bp) for all nine strains indicated a high level ( greater than or equal to 98.8%) of homogeneity with Pandoraea spp. type strains. DNA-DNA hybridization analysis (hydroxyapatite method; 70 degree C) confirmed the identity of WO-2 with the genus Pandoraea and assigned three strains to Pandoraea apista and three to Pandoraea pnomenusa, and identified three additional new genomospecies containing one strain each (ATCC BAA-108, ATCC BAA-109, ATCC BAA-110). This study also shows that Pandoraea isolates may be encountered in blood cultures from patients without cystic fibrosis. JF - Journal of Clinical Microbiology AU - Daneshvar, MI AU - Hollis, D G AU - Steigerwalt, A G AU - Whitney, A M AU - Spangler, L AU - Douglas, M P AU - Jordan, J G AU - MacGregor, J P AU - Hill, B C AU - Tenover, F C AU - Brenner, D J AU - Weyant, R S AD - Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, 1600 Clifton Rd., Mailstop D11, Atlanta, GA 30333, USA, MDaneshvar@CDC.GOV Y1 - 2001/05// PY - 2001 DA - May 2001 SP - 1819 EP - 1826 VL - 39 IS - 5 SN - 0095-1137, 0095-1137 KW - new species KW - Microbiology Abstracts B: Bacteriology KW - Blood culture KW - Respiratory tract diseases KW - Pandoraea KW - Taxonomy KW - Pandoraea apista KW - Cystic fibrosis KW - Antibiotic resistance KW - Pandoraea pnomenusa KW - J 02710:Identification, taxonomy and typing UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/17888520?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologyb&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Clinical+Microbiology&rft.atitle=Assignment+of+CDC+Weak+Oxidizer+Group+2+%28WO-2%29+to+the+Genus+Pandoraea+and+Characterization+of+Three+New+Pandoraea+Genomospecies&rft.au=Daneshvar%2C+MI%3BHollis%2C+D+G%3BSteigerwalt%2C+A+G%3BWhitney%2C+A+M%3BSpangler%2C+L%3BDouglas%2C+M+P%3BJordan%2C+J+G%3BMacGregor%2C+J+P%3BHill%2C+B+C%3BTenover%2C+F+C%3BBrenner%2C+D+J%3BWeyant%2C+R+S&rft.aulast=Daneshvar&rft.aufirst=MI&rft.date=2001-05-01&rft.volume=39&rft.issue=5&rft.spage=1819&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+Clinical+Microbiology&rft.issn=00951137&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Pandoraea; Pandoraea apista; Pandoraea pnomenusa; Taxonomy; Antibiotic resistance; Respiratory tract diseases; Cystic fibrosis; Blood culture ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Utility of Paired BACTEC MYCO/F LYTIC Blood Culture Vials for Detection of Bacteremia, Mycobacteremia, and Fungemia AN - 17886741; 5120326 AB - In previous bloodstream infection studies in Malawi, we inoculated blood from a single venesection into a single BACTEC MYCO/F LYTIC (MFL) vial. Inoculation of one vial, however, would be expected to reduce the sensitivity of bloodstream pathogen detection with MFL vials. To ascertain the degree of this loss of sensitivity, blood was drawn from each of 228 febrile, adult inpatients in Malawi and 5 ml of each blood sample was inoculated into each of two MFL vials. Of 228 paired vials, 51 (22%) were both positive, 172 (75%) were both negative, and 5 (3%) had discordant results. Bloodstream infection would have been detected in 11 (92%) of 12 patients with mycobacteremia and 38 (92%) of 41 patients with bacteremia had only one MFL vial been inoculated. Our study shows that a second MFL vial does not significantly increase diagnostic sensitivity. JF - Journal of Clinical Microbiology AU - Archibald, L K AU - Dobbie, H AU - Kazembe, P AU - Nwanyanwu, O AU - McKnight, C AU - Byrne, T AU - Addison, R M AU - Bell, M AU - Reller, L B AU - Jarvis, W R AD - Hospital Infections Program, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Mailstop A-35, 1600 Clifton Rd., Atlanta, GA 30333, USA, LCA6@CDC.GOV Y1 - 2001/05// PY - 2001 DA - May 2001 SP - 1960 EP - 1962 VL - 39 IS - 5 SN - 0095-1137, 0095-1137 KW - BACTEC MYCO/F LYTIC medium KW - mycobacteremia KW - Microbiology Abstracts B: Bacteriology; Microbiology Abstracts A: Industrial & Applied Microbiology; Microbiology Abstracts C: Algology, Mycology & Protozoology KW - Blood culture KW - Mycobacterium KW - Bacteremia KW - Diagnostic agents KW - Bactec test KW - Fungemia KW - Culture systems KW - Media (isolation) KW - K 03069:Fungi KW - A 01113:General KW - J 02702:Transport, isolation, selection and enrichment UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/17886741?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologyb&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Clinical+Microbiology&rft.atitle=Utility+of+Paired+BACTEC+MYCO%2FF+LYTIC+Blood+Culture+Vials+for+Detection+of+Bacteremia%2C+Mycobacteremia%2C+and+Fungemia&rft.au=Archibald%2C+L+K%3BDobbie%2C+H%3BKazembe%2C+P%3BNwanyanwu%2C+O%3BMcKnight%2C+C%3BByrne%2C+T%3BAddison%2C+R+M%3BBell%2C+M%3BReller%2C+L+B%3BJarvis%2C+W+R&rft.aulast=Archibald&rft.aufirst=L&rft.date=2001-05-01&rft.volume=39&rft.issue=5&rft.spage=1960&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+Clinical+Microbiology&rft.issn=00951137&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Mycobacterium; Culture systems; Media (isolation); Blood culture; Bacteremia; Fungemia; Diagnostic agents; Bactec test ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Rapid Pulsed-Field Gel Electrophoresis Protocol for Subtyping of Campylobacter jejuni AN - 17886684; 5120322 AB - We developed a rapid pulsed-field gel electrophoresis (PFGE) protocol for subtyping Campylobacter isolates based on the standardized protocols used by PulseNet laboratories for the subtyping of other food-borne bacterial pathogens. Various combinations of buffers, reagents, reaction conditions (e.g., cell suspension concentration, lysis time, lysis temperature, and restriction enzyme concentration), and electrophoretic parameters were evaluated in an effort to devise a protocol that is simple, rapid, and robust. PFGE analysis of Campylobacter isolates can be completed in 24 to 30 h using this protocol, whereas the most widely used current protocols require 3 to 4 days to complete. Comparison of PFGE patterns obtained in six laboratories showed that subtyping results obtained using this protocol are highly reproducible. JF - Journal of Clinical Microbiology AU - Ribot, E M AU - Fitzgerald, C AU - Kubota, K AU - Swaminathan, B AU - Barrett, T J AD - Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, 1600 Clifton Road, Mail Stop C03, Atlanta, GA 30333, USA, eyr4@cdc.gov Y1 - 2001/05// PY - 2001 DA - May 2001 SP - 1889 EP - 1894 VL - 39 IS - 5 SN - 0095-1137, 0095-1137 KW - subtyping KW - subtypes KW - Microbiology Abstracts B: Bacteriology; Microbiology Abstracts A: Industrial & Applied Microbiology KW - Typing KW - Campylobacter jejuni KW - Pulsed-field gel electrophoresis KW - A 01116:Bacteria KW - J 02710:Identification, taxonomy and typing UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/17886684?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologyb&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Clinical+Microbiology&rft.atitle=Rapid+Pulsed-Field+Gel+Electrophoresis+Protocol+for+Subtyping+of+Campylobacter+jejuni&rft.au=Ribot%2C+E+M%3BFitzgerald%2C+C%3BKubota%2C+K%3BSwaminathan%2C+B%3BBarrett%2C+T+J&rft.aulast=Ribot&rft.aufirst=E&rft.date=2001-05-01&rft.volume=39&rft.issue=5&rft.spage=1889&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+Clinical+Microbiology&rft.issn=00951137&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Campylobacter jejuni; Typing; Pulsed-field gel electrophoresis ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Group A Streptococcal Genotypes from Pediatric Throat Isolates in Rome, Italy AN - 17885987; 5120311 AB - In a study assessing genetic diversity, 114 group A streptococcus (GAS) isolates were recovered from pediatric pharyngitis patients in Rome, Italy. These isolates comprised 22 different M protein gene (emm) sequence types, 14 of which were associated with a distinct serum opacity factor/fibronectin binding protein gene (sof) sequence type. Isolates with the same emm gene sequence type generally shared a highly conserved chromosomal macrorestriction profile. In three instances, isolates with dissimilar macrorestriction profiles had identical emm types; in each of these cases multilocus sequence typing revealed that isolates with the same emm type were clones having the same allelic profiles. Ninety-eight percent of the pharyngeal isolates had emm types previously found to be highly associated with mga locus gene patterns commonly found in pharyngeal GAS isolates. JF - Journal of Clinical Microbiology AU - Dicuonzo, G AU - Gherardi, G AU - Lorino, G AU - Angeletti, S AU - De Cesaris, M AU - Fiscarelli, E AU - Bessen, DE AU - Beall, B AD - Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Mailstop C02, 1600 Clifton Rd., NE, Atlanta, GA, USA, BBeall@cdc.gov Y1 - 2001/05// PY - 2001 DA - May 2001 SP - 1687 EP - 1690 VL - 39 IS - 5 SN - 0095-1137, 0095-1137 KW - streptococci KW - Italy, Rome KW - emm gene KW - sof gene KW - Microbiology Abstracts B: Bacteriology KW - Streptococcus KW - Genotyping KW - Genetic diversity KW - Pharyngitis KW - J 02710:Identification, taxonomy and typing UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/17885987?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologyb&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Clinical+Microbiology&rft.atitle=Group+A+Streptococcal+Genotypes+from+Pediatric+Throat+Isolates+in+Rome%2C+Italy&rft.au=Dicuonzo%2C+G%3BGherardi%2C+G%3BLorino%2C+G%3BAngeletti%2C+S%3BDe+Cesaris%2C+M%3BFiscarelli%2C+E%3BBessen%2C+DE%3BBeall%2C+B&rft.aulast=Dicuonzo&rft.aufirst=G&rft.date=2001-05-01&rft.volume=39&rft.issue=5&rft.spage=1687&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+Clinical+Microbiology&rft.issn=00951137&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Streptococcus; Genotyping; Genetic diversity; Pharyngitis ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Sensitivity and Specificity of Human Immunodeficiency Virus Rapid Serologic Assays and Testing Algorithms in an Antenatal Clinic in Abidjan, Ivory Coast AN - 17885748; 5120371 AB - To evaluate serologic testing algorithms for human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) based on a combination of rapid assays among persons with HIV-1 (non-B subtypes) infection, HIV-2 infection, and HIV-1-HIV-2 dual infections in Abidjan, Ivory Coast, a total of 1,216 sera with known HIV serologic status were used to evaluate the sensitivity and specificity of four rapid assays: Determine HIV-1/2, Capillus HIV-1/HIV-2, HIV-SPOT, and Genie II HIV-1/HIV-2. Two serum panels obtained from patients recently infected with HIV-1 subtypes B and non-B were also included. Based on sensitivity and specificity, three of the four rapid assays were evaluated prospectively in parallel (serum samples tested by two simultaneous rapid assays) and serial (serum samples tested by two consecutive rapid assays) testing algorithms. All assays were 100% sensitive, and specificities ranged from 99.4 to 100%. In the prospective evaluation, both the parallel and serial algorithms were 100% sensitive and specific. Our results suggest that rapid assays have high sensitivity and specificity and, when used in parallel or serial testing algorithms, yield results similar to those of enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay-based testing strategies. HIV serodiagnosis based on rapid assays may be a valuable alternative in implementing HIV prevention and surveillance programs in areas where sophisticated laboratories are difficult to establish. JF - Journal of Clinical Microbiology AU - Koblavi-Deme, S AU - Maurice, C AU - Yavo, D AU - Sibailly, T S AU - N'Guessan, K AU - Kamelan-Tano, Y AU - Wiktor, S Z AU - Roels, TH AU - Chorba, T AU - Nkengasong, J N AD - Laboratory of Virology, Projet RETRO-CI, 01 BP 1712, Abidjan 01, Ivory Coast, jcn5@cdc.gov Y1 - 2001/05// PY - 2001 DA - May 2001 SP - 1808 EP - 1812 VL - 39 IS - 5 SN - 0095-1137, 0095-1137 KW - specificity KW - HIV-1 KW - HIV-2 KW - Cote d'Ivoire, Abidjan KW - Virology & AIDS Abstracts; Microbiology Abstracts A: Industrial & Applied Microbiology KW - Specificity KW - Human immunodeficiency virus 1 KW - Algorithms KW - Human immunodeficiency virus 2 KW - Serological tests KW - Immunoassays KW - V 22002:AIDS: Molecular and in vitro aspects KW - A 01114:Viruses UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/17885748?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologya&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Clinical+Microbiology&rft.atitle=Sensitivity+and+Specificity+of+Human+Immunodeficiency+Virus+Rapid+Serologic+Assays+and+Testing+Algorithms+in+an+Antenatal+Clinic+in+Abidjan%2C+Ivory+Coast&rft.au=Koblavi-Deme%2C+S%3BMaurice%2C+C%3BYavo%2C+D%3BSibailly%2C+T+S%3BN%27Guessan%2C+K%3BKamelan-Tano%2C+Y%3BWiktor%2C+S+Z%3BRoels%2C+TH%3BChorba%2C+T%3BNkengasong%2C+J+N&rft.aulast=Koblavi-Deme&rft.aufirst=S&rft.date=2001-05-01&rft.volume=39&rft.issue=5&rft.spage=1808&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+Clinical+Microbiology&rft.issn=00951137&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Human immunodeficiency virus 1; Human immunodeficiency virus 2; Immunoassays; Algorithms; Serological tests; Specificity ER - TY - JOUR T1 - New Tests for Syphilis: Rational Design of a PCR Method for Detection of Treponema pallidum in Clinical Specimens Using Unique Regions of the DNA Polymerase I Gene AN - 17885655; 5120324 AB - A sensitive and specific PCR method to detect Treponema pallidum in clinical specimens was developed. PCR primers were designed based on two unique features of the DNA polymerase I gene (polA). The first distinctive characteristic is that the region codes for a high cysteine content and has low homology with similar regions of DNA polymerase I gene from known microorganisms. The second unique feature is the presence of four insertions in the gene. PCR tests using primers designed on the basis these regions reacted with various pathogenic T. pallidum subspecies but did not react with nonpathogenic treponemal species or other spirochetes. An additional 59 species of bacteria and viruses, including those that cause genital ulcers, tested negative. This PCR method is extremely robust and sensitive. The detection limit is about 10 to 25 organisms when analyzed on gel. However, the analytic sensitivity can be increased by at least 1 log, to a detection limit of a single organism, when the ABI 310 Prism Genetic Analyzer is used to detect fluorescence-labeled amplicons. We further used this test in a clinical setting and compared the results with results from a previously reported multiplex-PCR test (for T. pallidum, Haemophilus ducreyi, and herpes simplex virus). We tested 112 genital ulcer specimens by the polA PCR, obtaining a sensitivity of 95.8% and a specificity of 95.7%. These results suggest that the polA PCR is applicable as a routine clinical diagnostic test for syphilis. JF - Journal of Clinical Microbiology AU - Liu, H AU - Rodes, B AU - Chen, C-Y AU - Steiner, B AD - Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, 1600 Clifton Rd., Mail Stop D13, Atlanta, GA 30333, USA, hcl6@cdc.gov Y1 - 2001/05// PY - 2001 DA - May 2001 SP - 1941 EP - 1946 VL - 39 IS - 5 SN - 0095-1137, 0095-1137 KW - tests KW - diagnosis KW - man KW - polA gene KW - Microbiology Abstracts B: Bacteriology; Microbiology Abstracts A: Industrial & Applied Microbiology KW - DNA-directed DNA polymerase KW - Treponema pallidum KW - Polymerase chain reaction KW - Syphilis KW - A 01116:Bacteria KW - J 02849:Sexually-transmitted diseases UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/17885655?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologyb&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Clinical+Microbiology&rft.atitle=New+Tests+for+Syphilis%3A+Rational+Design+of+a+PCR+Method+for+Detection+of+Treponema+pallidum+in+Clinical+Specimens+Using+Unique+Regions+of+the+DNA+Polymerase+I+Gene&rft.au=Liu%2C+H%3BRodes%2C+B%3BChen%2C+C-Y%3BSteiner%2C+B&rft.aulast=Liu&rft.aufirst=H&rft.date=2001-05-01&rft.volume=39&rft.issue=5&rft.spage=1941&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+Clinical+Microbiology&rft.issn=00951137&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Treponema pallidum; Syphilis; Polymerase chain reaction; DNA-directed DNA polymerase ER - TY - JOUR T1 - West Nile Virus Recombinant DNA Vaccine Protects Mouse and Horse from Virus Challenge and Expresses In Vitro a Noninfectious Recombinant Antigen That Can Be Used in Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assays AN - 17837795; 4871252 AB - Introduction of West Nile (WN) virus into the United States in 1999 created major human and animal health concerns. Currently, no human or veterinary vaccine is available to prevent WN viral infection, and mosquito control is the only practical strategy to combat the spread of disease. Starting with a previously designed eukaryotic expression vector, we constructed a recombinant plasmid (pCBWN) that expressed the WN virus prM and E proteins. A single intramuscular injection of pCBWN DNA induced protective immunity, preventing WN virus infection in mice and horses. Recombinant plasmid-transformed COS-1 cells expressed and secreted high levels of WN virus prM and E proteins into the culture medium. The medium was treated with polyethylene glycol to concentrate proteins. The resultant, containing high-titered recombinant WN virus antigen, proved to be an excellent alternative to the more traditional suckling-mouse brain WN virus antigen used in the immunoglobulin M (IgM) antibody-capture and indirect IgG enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays. This recombinant antigen has great potential to become the antigen of choice and will facilitate the standardization of reagents and implementation of WN virus surveillance in the United States and elsewhere. JF - Journal of Virology AU - Davis, B S AU - Chang, G J AU - Cropp, B AU - Roehrig, J T AU - Martin, DA AU - Mitchell, C J AU - Bowen, R AU - Bunning, M L AD - P.O. Box 2087, Fort Collins, CO 80522-2087, gxc7@cdc.gov Y1 - 2001/05// PY - 2001 DA - May 2001 SP - 4040 EP - 4047 VL - 75 IS - 9 SN - 0022-538X, 0022-538X KW - mice KW - horse KW - man KW - horses KW - E protein KW - USA KW - West Nile virus KW - double prime E protein KW - polyethylene glycol KW - prM protein KW - Biotechnology and Bioengineering Abstracts; Biochemistry Abstracts 2: Nucleic Acids; Immunology Abstracts; Medical and Pharmaceutical Biotechnology Abstracts; Virology & AIDS Abstracts KW - ^AE protein KW - Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay KW - Plasmids KW - Recombinants KW - Veterinary medicine KW - Antigens KW - DNA vaccines KW - Vaccines KW - Immunoglobulin M KW - F 06807:Active immunization KW - N 14660:Biological properties KW - V 22098:Immunization: Vaccines & vaccination: Animal KW - W3 33345:DNA vaccines KW - W 30965:Miscellaneous, Reviews UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/17837795?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Abiotechresearch&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Virology&rft.atitle=West+Nile+Virus+Recombinant+DNA+Vaccine+Protects+Mouse+and+Horse+from+Virus+Challenge+and+Expresses+In+Vitro+a+Noninfectious+Recombinant+Antigen+That+Can+Be+Used+in+Enzyme-Linked+Immunosorbent+Assays&rft.au=Davis%2C+B+S%3BChang%2C+G+J%3BCropp%2C+B%3BRoehrig%2C+J+T%3BMartin%2C+DA%3BMitchell%2C+C+J%3BBowen%2C+R%3BBunning%2C+M+L&rft.aulast=Davis&rft.aufirst=B&rft.date=2001-05-01&rft.volume=75&rft.issue=9&rft.spage=4040&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+Virology&rft.issn=0022538X&rft_id=info:doi/10.1128%2FJVI.75.9.4040-4047.2001 LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - West Nile virus; Vaccines; DNA vaccines; Recombinants; Antigens; Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay; Plasmids; Veterinary medicine; Immunoglobulin M DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/JVI.75.9.4040-4047.2001 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Fatal occupational injuries--United States, 1980-1997. AN - 71062331; 11465900 AB - CDC monitors deaths from occupational injuries through the National Traumatic Occupational Fatalities (NTOF) surveillance system (1,2). This report provides an overview of traumatic occupational deaths among civilian workers from NTOF from 1980 through 1997, the most recent year for which data are available. The data presented in this report indicate a decrease in occupational deaths overthis period with mining, agriculture/forestry/fishing, and construction having the highest death rates; motor-vehicle crashes were the leading cause of injury-related deaths for U.S. workers. State health departments and others involved in prevention of occupational injuries can use the data to prioritize intervention programs. JF - MMWR. Morbidity and mortality weekly report AU - Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) AD - Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) Y1 - 2001/04/27/ PY - 2001 DA - 2001 Apr 27 SP - 317 EP - 320 VL - 50 IS - 16 SN - 0149-2195, 0149-2195 KW - Index Medicus KW - Humans KW - Adult KW - Middle Aged KW - United States -- epidemiology KW - Male KW - Female KW - Accidents, Occupational -- mortality UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/71062331?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=MMWR.+Morbidity+and+mortality+weekly+report&rft.atitle=Fatal+occupational+injuries--United+States%2C+1980-1997.&rft.au=Centers+for+Disease+Control+and+Prevention+%28CDC%29&rft.aulast=Centers+for+Disease+Control+and+Prevention+%28CDC%29&rft.aufirst=&rft.date=2001-04-27&rft.volume=50&rft.issue=16&rft.spage=317&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=MMWR.+Morbidity+and+mortality+weekly+report&rft.issn=01492195&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 2001-07-26 N1 - Date created - 2001-07-23 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Baler and compactor-related deaths in the workplace--United States, 1992-2000. AN - 71023443; 11465898 AB - Equipment that compacts and bales loose solid waste materials into denser, more easilytransported units is common in refuse disposal and recycling and is used routinely at recycling centers, manufacturing facilities, and retail and wholesale stores to compress paper, textiles, metals, plastic, and other material. Persons operating balers and compactors can become caught by the powered rams of the compression chambers while using these machines. Risk factors resulting from these incidents have been identified through surveillance findings and results of investigations conducted by CDC's National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH) Fatality Assessment and Control Evaluation (FACE) program and the Bureau of Labor Statistics Census of Fatal Occupational Injuries (CFOI), a nationwide multisource reporting system for occupational deaths. This report describes the results of two baler and compactor-related investigations conducted during 1992-2000, summarizes surveillance data from 1992 through 1998, which indicated that some employers and workers may have been unaware of the hazards of operating or working near compacting and baling equipment, and suggests safety recommendations for preventing future incidents. JF - MMWR. Morbidity and mortality weekly report AU - Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) AD - Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) Y1 - 2001/04/27/ PY - 2001 DA - 2001 Apr 27 SP - 309 EP - 313 VL - 50 IS - 16 SN - 0149-2195, 0149-2195 KW - Index Medicus KW - Humans KW - Adult KW - Aged KW - Middle Aged KW - Adolescent KW - United States -- epidemiology KW - Male KW - Refuse Disposal -- instrumentation KW - Accidents, Occupational -- mortality UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/71023443?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=MMWR.+Morbidity+and+mortality+weekly+report&rft.atitle=Baler+and+compactor-related+deaths+in+the+workplace--United+States%2C+1992-2000.&rft.au=Centers+for+Disease+Control+and+Prevention+%28CDC%29&rft.aulast=Centers+for+Disease+Control+and+Prevention+%28CDC%29&rft.aufirst=&rft.date=2001-04-27&rft.volume=50&rft.issue=16&rft.spage=309&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=MMWR.+Morbidity+and+mortality+weekly+report&rft.issn=01492195&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 2001-07-26 N1 - Date created - 2001-07-23 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Nonfatal occupational injuries and illnesses treated in hospital emergency departments--United States, 1998. AN - 71022723; 11465899 AB - The National Electronic Injury Surveillance System (NEISS) includes data about nonfatal occupational injuries and illnesses treated in U.S. hospital emergency departments (EDs). This report summarizes 1998 injury and illness estimates based on NEISS, which indicate that the magnitude and patterns of nonfatal occupational injuries and illnesses were comparable to estimates reported for 1996 (1). Younger workers continue to have the highest rates of work-related injuries and illnesses; therefore, interventions should address the health and safety needs of young workers, most of whom lack substantial experience in the work place. JF - MMWR. Morbidity and mortality weekly report AU - Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) AD - Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) Y1 - 2001/04/27/ PY - 2001 DA - 2001 Apr 27 SP - 313 EP - 317 VL - 50 IS - 16 SN - 0149-2195, 0149-2195 KW - Index Medicus KW - Humans KW - United States -- epidemiology KW - Population Surveillance KW - Wounds and Injuries -- epidemiology KW - Accidents, Occupational -- statistics & numerical data KW - Emergency Service, Hospital -- statistics & numerical data KW - Occupational Diseases -- epidemiology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/71022723?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=MMWR.+Morbidity+and+mortality+weekly+report&rft.atitle=Nonfatal+occupational+injuries+and+illnesses+treated+in+hospital+emergency+departments--United+States%2C+1998.&rft.au=Centers+for+Disease+Control+and+Prevention+%28CDC%29&rft.aulast=Centers+for+Disease+Control+and+Prevention+%28CDC%29&rft.aufirst=&rft.date=2001-04-27&rft.volume=50&rft.issue=16&rft.spage=313&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=MMWR.+Morbidity+and+mortality+weekly+report&rft.issn=01492195&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 2001-07-26 N1 - Date created - 2001-07-23 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Anti-mosquito midgut antibodies block development of Plasmodium falciparum and Plasmodium vivax in multiple species of Anopheles mosquitoes and reduce vector fecundity and survivorship AN - 18161339; 4879636 AB - The mosquito midgut plays a central role in the sporogonic development of malaria parasites. We have found that polyclonal sera, produced against mosquito midguts, blocked the passage of Plasmodium falciparum ookinetes across the midgut, leading to a significant reduction of infections in mosquitoes. Anti-midgut mAbs were produced that display broad-spectrum activity, blocking parasite development of both P. falciparum and Plasmodium vivax parasites in five different species of mosquitoes. In addition to their parasite transmission-blocking activity, these mAbs also reduced mosquito survivorship and fecundity. These results reveal that mosquito midgut-based antibodies have the potential to reduce malaria transmission in a synergistic manner by lowering both vector competence, through transmission-blocking effects on parasite development, and vector abundance, by decreasing mosquito survivorship and egg laying capacity. Because the intervention can block transmission of different malaria parasite species in various species of mosquitoes, vaccines against such midgut receptors may block malaria transmission worldwide. JF - Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, USA AU - Lal, A A AU - Patterson, P S AU - Sacci, J B AU - Vaughan, JA AU - Paul, C AU - Collins, W E AU - Wirtz, R A AU - Azad, A F AD - Division of Parasitic Diseases, National Center for Infectious Diseases, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Chamblee, GA 30341, aal1@cdc.gov Y1 - 2001/04/24/ PY - 2001 DA - 2001 Apr 24 SP - 5228 EP - 5233 PB - National Academy of Sciences, 2101 Constitution Ave. Washington DC 20418 USA VL - 98 IS - 9 SN - 0027-8424, 0027-8424 KW - Mosquitoes KW - Entomology Abstracts; Immunology Abstracts; ASFA 1: Biological Sciences & Living Resources; ASFA 3: Aquatic Pollution & Environmental Quality; Microbiology Abstracts C: Algology, Mycology & Protozoology KW - Parasites KW - Protozoan diseases KW - Anopheles KW - Disease control KW - Plasmodium vivax KW - Malaria KW - Freshwater KW - Disease transmission KW - Public health KW - Midgut KW - Insect immunity KW - Aquatic insects KW - Biological vectors KW - Zygotes KW - Vectors KW - Culicidae KW - Plasmodium falciparum KW - Antibodies KW - Fecundity KW - Vaccines KW - K 03086:Immunology & vaccination KW - F 06783:Insect immunity KW - Z 05206:Medical & veterinary entomology KW - Q1 08484:Species interactions: parasites and diseases KW - Q5 08524:Public health, medicines, dangerous organisms UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/18161339?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aasfaaquaticpollution&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Proceedings+of+the+National+Academy+of+Sciences%2C+USA&rft.atitle=Anti-mosquito+midgut+antibodies+block+development+of+Plasmodium+falciparum+and+Plasmodium+vivax+in+multiple+species+of+Anopheles+mosquitoes+and+reduce+vector+fecundity+and+survivorship&rft.au=Lal%2C+A+A%3BPatterson%2C+P+S%3BSacci%2C+J+B%3BVaughan%2C+JA%3BPaul%2C+C%3BCollins%2C+W+E%3BWirtz%2C+R+A%3BAzad%2C+A+F&rft.aulast=Lal&rft.aufirst=A&rft.date=2001-04-24&rft.volume=98&rft.issue=9&rft.spage=5228&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Proceedings+of+the+National+Academy+of+Sciences%2C+USA&rft.issn=00278424&rft_id=info:doi/10.1073%2Fpnas.091447398 LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Last updated - 2014-05-07 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Biological vectors; Parasites; Antibodies; Fecundity; Protozoan diseases; Zygotes; Disease control; Malaria; Vaccines; Aquatic insects; Public health; Disease transmission; Vectors; Midgut; Insect immunity; Anopheles; Plasmodium vivax; Culicidae; Plasmodium falciparum; Freshwater DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1073/pnas.091447398 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Fatal and severe hepatitis associated with rifampin and pyrazinamide for the treatment of latent tuberculosis infection--New York and Georgia, 2000. AN - 70807476; 11330495 AB - One of the recommended treatments for latent tuberculosis infection (LTBI) is a 9-month regimen of isoniazid (INH); a 2-month regimen of rifampin (RIF) and pyrazinamide (PZA) is an alternative in some instances. In September 2000, a man in New York died of hepatitis after 5 weeks of RIF-PZA, and in December, a woman in Georgia was admitted to a hospital because of hepatitis after 7 weeks of this regimen. This report summarizes the findings of the investigations of these incidents, which underscore the need for clinical monitoring for adverse effects in all patients receiving treatment for LTBI. JF - MMWR. Morbidity and mortality weekly report AU - Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) AD - Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) Y1 - 2001/04/20/ PY - 2001 DA - 2001 Apr 20 SP - 289 EP - 291 VL - 50 IS - 15 SN - 0149-2195, 0149-2195 KW - Antitubercular Agents KW - 0 KW - Pyrazinamide KW - 2KNI5N06TI KW - Rifampin KW - VJT6J7R4TR KW - Index Medicus KW - Drug Therapy, Combination KW - Fatal Outcome KW - Tuberculosis -- drug therapy KW - Humans KW - Middle Aged KW - Male KW - Female KW - Pyrazinamide -- adverse effects KW - Chemical and Drug Induced Liver Injury -- etiology KW - Chemical and Drug Induced Liver Injury -- epidemiology KW - Rifampin -- adverse effects KW - Antitubercular Agents -- adverse effects UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/70807476?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=MMWR.+Morbidity+and+mortality+weekly+report&rft.atitle=Fatal+and+severe+hepatitis+associated+with+rifampin+and+pyrazinamide+for+the+treatment+of+latent+tuberculosis+infection--New+York+and+Georgia%2C+2000.&rft.au=Centers+for+Disease+Control+and+Prevention+%28CDC%29&rft.aulast=Centers+for+Disease+Control+and+Prevention+%28CDC%29&rft.aufirst=&rft.date=2001-04-20&rft.volume=50&rft.issue=15&rft.spage=289&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=MMWR.+Morbidity+and+mortality+weekly+report&rft.issn=01492195&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 2001-05-03 N1 - Date created - 2001-05-01 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - An outbreak of hepatitis A associated with green onions. AN - 76992371; 11262211 AB - Forty-three cases of serologically confirmed hepatitis A occurred among individuals who ate at restaurant A in Ohio in 1998. Serum samples from all restaurant A employees who worked during the exposure period were negative for IgM antibodies to hepatitis A virus (HAV). A matched case-control study determined that foods containing green onions, which were eaten by 38 (95%) of 40 case patients compared with 30 (50%) of 60 control subjects, were associated with illness (matched odds ratio, 12.7; 95% confidence interval, 2.6-60.8). Genetic sequences of viral isolates from 14 case patients were identical to each other and to those of viral isolates from 3 patients with cases of hepatitis A acquired in Mexico. Although the implicated green onions, which could have come from one of 2 Mexican farms or from a Californian farm, were widely distributed, no additional green onion-associated cases were detected. More sensitive methods are needed to detect foodborne hepatitis A. A better understanding of how HAV might contaminate raw produce would aid in developing prevention strategies. JF - The Journal of infectious diseases AU - Dentinger, C M AU - Bower, W A AU - Nainan, O V AU - Cotter, S M AU - Myers, G AU - Dubusky, L M AU - Fowler, S AU - Salehi, E D AU - Bell, B P AD - Hepatitis Branch, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, 1600 Clifton Road, MS G-37, Atlanta, GA 30333, USA. cgd1@cdc.gov Y1 - 2001/04/15/ PY - 2001 DA - 2001 Apr 15 SP - 1273 EP - 1276 VL - 183 IS - 8 SN - 0022-1899, 0022-1899 KW - Hepatitis A Antibodies KW - 0 KW - Hepatitis Antibodies KW - Abridged Index Medicus KW - Index Medicus KW - Phylogeny KW - California KW - Hepatitis Antibodies -- blood KW - Odds Ratio KW - Mexico KW - Humans KW - Ohio -- epidemiology KW - Case-Control Studies KW - Food Microbiology KW - Restaurants KW - Hepatovirus -- classification KW - Hepatitis A -- transmission KW - Hepatovirus -- isolation & purification KW - Hepatitis A -- epidemiology KW - Disease Outbreaks KW - Onions -- microbiology KW - Hepatovirus -- genetics UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/76992371?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Journal+of+infectious+diseases&rft.atitle=An+outbreak+of+hepatitis+A+associated+with+green+onions.&rft.au=Dentinger%2C+C+M%3BBower%2C+W+A%3BNainan%2C+O+V%3BCotter%2C+S+M%3BMyers%2C+G%3BDubusky%2C+L+M%3BFowler%2C+S%3BSalehi%2C+E+D%3BBell%2C+B+P&rft.aulast=Dentinger&rft.aufirst=C&rft.date=2001-04-15&rft.volume=183&rft.issue=8&rft.spage=1273&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=The+Journal+of+infectious+diseases&rft.issn=00221899&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 2001-05-17 N1 - Date created - 2001-03-23 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Preventing falls from roofs: a critical review. AN - 70834709; 11345496 AB - Work-related falls from roofs remain a significant problem for workers in the construction industry. Knowledge about the main causative or initiating factors leading to fall incidents is desperately needed for fall prevention intervention. From biomechanical and psychophysiological perspectives the majority of occupational falls, including falls from roofs, can be regarded as loss-of-balance incidents. The primary objective of this paper is to summarize the current knowledge from multiple fields about factors that are related to the control of balance during roofing work. An extensive literature review identified a number of environmental, task-related and personal factors that degrade the control of balance and could be associated with the initiation of falls from roofs. These factors include visual exposure to elevation; unstable visual cues and inadequate visual information in the work environment; 'confined' and inclined support surfaces; unexpected changes in roof surface properties; load handling; physical exertion; fatigue; task complexity that diverts workers' attention; individual differences; work experience and training; and personal protective equipment. Current measures to reduce falls from roofs focus mainly on fall protection procedures, such as the use of covers, guardrails, safety nets, and personal fall-arrest systems, or the application of warning-line systems, safety monitoring systems, and fall protection plans. In many instances, these procedures are not practical for the industry and current regulations allow the use of alternative means of fall protection, such as slide guards. Future research on preventing falls from roofs should consider the main effects and interactions of the environmental, task-related and personal factors that affect the balance control of workers. Research-supported improvements in the visual and physical characteristics of the roof work environment, the construction materials and methods, and work procedures and practices may result in improved workers' balance control as well as overall safety performance, and would ultimately reduce incidents of falling from a roof. JF - Ergonomics AU - Hsiao, H AU - Simeonov, P AD - Division of Safety Research, National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, Morgantown, WV 26505, USA. hhsiao@cdc.gov Y1 - 2001/04/15/ PY - 2001 DA - 2001 Apr 15 SP - 537 EP - 561 VL - 44 IS - 5 SN - 0014-0139, 0014-0139 KW - Index Medicus KW - Space life sciences KW - Risk Factors KW - Humans KW - Task Performance and Analysis KW - Visual Perception KW - Postural Balance KW - Accidents, Occupational -- prevention & control KW - Human Engineering KW - Accidental Falls -- prevention & control KW - Facility Design and Construction UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/70834709?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Ergonomics&rft.atitle=Preventing+falls+from+roofs%3A+a+critical+review.&rft.au=Hsiao%2C+H%3BSimeonov%2C+P&rft.aulast=Hsiao&rft.aufirst=H&rft.date=2001-04-15&rft.volume=44&rft.issue=5&rft.spage=537&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Ergonomics&rft.issn=00140139&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 2001-05-31 N1 - Date created - 2001-05-09 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Prevalence of risk behaviors for HIV infection among adults--United States, 1997. AN - 70940557; 11411830 AB - Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) prevention programs are directed to persons at risk for acquiring and transmitting HIV because of their sexual behaviors or drug use. Effective HIV prevention requires monitoring risk behaviors among persons who are infected, persons who are at highest risk for infection, and the general population. The Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System (BRFSS) provides behavioral data at the state level. Because sexual behavior questions are not part of the BRFSS core instrument, in 1997, an optional module was developed and used by 23 states and Puerto Rico. This report summarizes the analysis of these data, which indicates that 11% of respondents had multiple sex partners and 4.2% reported other high-risk behaviors. These findings underscore the continued need for education about behaviors that place persons at risk for HIV infection, promotion of HIV testing among those who engage in these behaviors, and counseling to reduce risk. JF - MMWR. Morbidity and mortality weekly report AU - Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) AD - Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) Y1 - 2001/04/13/ PY - 2001 DA - 2001 Apr 13 SP - 262 EP - 265 VL - 50 IS - 14 SN - 0149-2195, 0149-2195 KW - Index Medicus KW - Risk Factors KW - Humans KW - Adult KW - Middle Aged KW - United States -- epidemiology KW - Substance Abuse, Intravenous KW - Prevalence KW - Risk-Taking KW - HIV Infections -- transmission KW - HIV Infections -- epidemiology KW - Sexual Behavior -- statistics & numerical data UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/70940557?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=MMWR.+Morbidity+and+mortality+weekly+report&rft.atitle=Prevalence+of+risk+behaviors+for+HIV+infection+among+adults--United+States%2C+1997.&rft.au=Centers+for+Disease+Control+and+Prevention+%28CDC%29&rft.aulast=Centers+for+Disease+Control+and+Prevention+%28CDC%29&rft.aufirst=&rft.date=2001-04-13&rft.volume=50&rft.issue=14&rft.spage=262&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=MMWR.+Morbidity+and+mortality+weekly+report&rft.issn=01492195&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 2001-06-28 N1 - Date created - 2001-06-19 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - PulseNet standardized protocol for subtyping Listeria monocytogenes by macrorestriction and pulsed-field gel electrophoresis. AN - 70820823; 11322701 AB - PulseNet is a national network of pubic health and food regulatory laboratories established in the US to detect clusters of foodborne disease and respond quickly to foodborne outbreak investigations. PulseNet laboratories currently subtype Escherichia coli O157:H7, non-typhoidal Salmonella, and Shigella isolates by a highly standardized 1-day pulsed-field gel electrophoresis (PFGE), and exchange normalized DNA "fingerprint" patterns via the Internet. We describe a standardized molecular subtyping protocol for subtyping Listeria monocytogenes that was recently added to PulseNet. The subtyping can be completed within 30 h from the time a pure culture of the bacteria is obtained. JF - International journal of food microbiology AU - Graves, L M AU - Swaminathan, B AD - Division of Bacterial and Mycotic Diseases, National Center for Infectious Diseases, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA 30333, USA. LMG2@cdc.gov Y1 - 2001/04/11/ PY - 2001 DA - 2001 Apr 11 SP - 55 EP - 62 VL - 65 IS - 1-2 SN - 0168-1605, 0168-1605 KW - DNA, Bacterial KW - 0 KW - DNA Restriction Enzymes KW - EC 3.1.21.- KW - Index Medicus KW - United States KW - Public Health KW - Food Microbiology KW - Laboratories KW - Databases, Factual KW - Bacterial Typing Techniques KW - Internet KW - Listeria monocytogenes -- genetics KW - DNA, Bacterial -- isolation & purification KW - Electrophoresis, Gel, Pulsed-Field -- methods KW - Listeria monocytogenes -- classification KW - DNA, Bacterial -- analysis UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/70820823?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=International+journal+of+food+microbiology&rft.atitle=PulseNet+standardized+protocol+for+subtyping+Listeria+monocytogenes+by+macrorestriction+and+pulsed-field+gel+electrophoresis.&rft.au=Graves%2C+L+M%3BSwaminathan%2C+B&rft.aulast=Graves&rft.aufirst=L&rft.date=2001-04-11&rft.volume=65&rft.issue=1-2&rft.spage=55&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=International+journal+of+food+microbiology&rft.issn=01681605&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 2001-05-17 N1 - Date created - 2001-04-26 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Occupational and take-home lead poisoning associated with restoring chemically stripped furniture--California, 1998. AN - 77058258; 11310570 AB - The Occupational Lead Poisoning Prevention Program (OLPPP) of the California Department of Health Services and a county health department investigated cases of lead poisoning in six furniture workers and their families in 1998. The investigation, initiated after a blood test of a worker's child revealed an elevated blood lead level (BLL), found that lead remaining in previously painted or coated stripped wood was carried from the workplace on clothes and shoes and was the source of the child's lead exposure and subsequent poisoning. Employers in industries in which workers restore or build using stripped wood should assess lead exposure and, when necessary, should establish a comprehensive lead safety program. JF - MMWR. Morbidity and mortality weekly report AU - Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) AD - Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) Y1 - 2001/04/06/ PY - 2001 DA - 2001 Apr 06 SP - 246 EP - 248 VL - 50 IS - 13 SN - 0149-2195, 0149-2195 KW - Lead KW - 2P299V784P KW - Index Medicus KW - Occupational Exposure KW - Infant KW - Family Characteristics KW - Housing KW - Humans KW - Paint KW - Adult KW - Environmental Exposure KW - California -- epidemiology KW - Male KW - Interior Design and Furnishings KW - Occupational Diseases -- epidemiology KW - Lead Poisoning -- epidemiology KW - Lead Poisoning -- etiology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/77058258?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=MMWR.+Morbidity+and+mortality+weekly+report&rft.atitle=Occupational+and+take-home+lead+poisoning+associated+with+restoring+chemically+stripped+furniture--California%2C+1998.&rft.au=Centers+for+Disease+Control+and+Prevention+%28CDC%29&rft.aulast=Centers+for+Disease+Control+and+Prevention+%28CDC%29&rft.aufirst=&rft.date=2001-04-06&rft.volume=50&rft.issue=13&rft.spage=246&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=MMWR.+Morbidity+and+mortality+weekly+report&rft.issn=01492195&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 2001-04-26 N1 - Date created - 2001-04-19 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Preliminary FoodNet data on the incidence of foodborne illnesses--selected sites, United States, 2000. AN - 77057131; 11310569 AB - Each year in the United States, an estimated 76 million persons contract foodborne illnesses. CDC's Emerging Infections Program Foodborne Diseases Active Surveillance Network (FoodNet) collects data about nine foodborne diseases in eight U.S. sites to quantify and monitor foodborne illnesses. This report describes preliminary surveillance data for 2000 and compares them with 1996-1999 data. The data indicate the relative frequency of diagnosed infections, demonstrate substantial regional variation, and suggest trends in incidence. FoodNet provides data for monitoring foodborne illnesses and interventions designed to reduce them. JF - MMWR. Morbidity and mortality weekly report AU - Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) AD - Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) Y1 - 2001/04/06/ PY - 2001 DA - 2001 Apr 06 SP - 241 EP - 246 VL - 50 IS - 13 SN - 0149-2195, 0149-2195 KW - Index Medicus KW - Humans KW - Incidence KW - United States -- epidemiology KW - Population Surveillance KW - Foodborne Diseases -- epidemiology KW - Foodborne Diseases -- etiology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/77057131?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=MMWR.+Morbidity+and+mortality+weekly+report&rft.atitle=Preliminary+FoodNet+data+on+the+incidence+of+foodborne+illnesses--selected+sites%2C+United+States%2C+2000.&rft.au=Centers+for+Disease+Control+and+Prevention+%28CDC%29&rft.aulast=Centers+for+Disease+Control+and+Prevention+%28CDC%29&rft.aufirst=&rft.date=2001-04-06&rft.volume=50&rft.issue=13&rft.spage=241&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=MMWR.+Morbidity+and+mortality+weekly+report&rft.issn=01492195&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 2001-04-26 N1 - Date created - 2001-04-19 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Epidemiology of Invasive Streptococcus pneumoniae Infections in the United States, 1995-1998. Opportunities for Prevention in the Conjugate Vaccine Era AN - 18596770; 5460893 AB - Pneumococcal polysaccharide vaccine is recommended for elderly persons and adults with certain chronic illnesses. Additionally, a recently licensed pneumococcal 7-valent conjugate vaccine has been recommended for use in young children and could dramatically change the epidemiology of pneumococcal disease. To assess pneumococcal disease burden in the United States, estimate the potential impact of new vaccines, and identify gaps in vaccine recommendations. Analysis of data from the Active Bacterial Core Surveillance (ABCs)/Emerging Infections Program Network, an active, population-based system in 9 states. A total of 15 860 cases of invasive pneumococcal disease occurring between January 1, 1995, and December 31, 1998. Age- and race-specific pneumoccocal disease incidence rates per 100 000 persons, case-fatality rates, and vaccine preventability. In 1998, overall incidence was 23.2 cases per 100 000, corresponding to an estimated 62 840 cases in the United States. Incidence was highest among children younger than 2 years (166.9) and adults aged 65 years or older (59.7). Incidence among blacks was 2.6 times higher than among whites (95% confidence interval [CI], 2.4-2.8). Overall, 28.6% of case-patients were at least 65 years old and 85.9% of cases in this age group were due to serotypes included in the 23-valent polysaccharide vaccine; 19.3% of case-patients were younger than 2 years and 82.2% of cases in this age group were due to serotypes included in the 7-valent conjugate vaccine. Among patients aged 2 to 64 years, 50.6% had a vaccine indication as defined by the Advisory Committee on Immunization Practices (ACIP). The case-fatality rate among patients aged 18 to 64 years with an ACIP indication was 12.1% compared with 5.4% for those without an indication (relative risk, 2.2; 95% CI, 1.7-2.9). Young children, elderly persons, and black persons of all ages are disproportionately affected by invasive pneumococcal disease. Current ACIP recommendations do not address a subset of persons aged 18 to 64 years but do include those at highest risk for death from invasive pneumococcal disease. JF - Journal of the American Medical Association AU - Robinson, KA AU - Baughman, W AU - Rothrock, G AU - Barrett, N L AU - Pass, M AU - Lexau, C AU - Damaske, B AU - Stefonek, K AU - Barnes, B AU - Patterson, J AU - Zell, E R AU - Schuchat, A AU - Whitney, C G AD - Respiratory Diseases Branch, Division of Bacterial and Mycotic Diseases, National Center for Infectious Diseases, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, MS D-65, 1600 Clifton Rd NE, Atlanta, GA 30333, USA, kad2@cdc.gov Y1 - 2001/04/04/ PY - 2001 DA - 2001 Apr 04 SP - 1729 EP - 1735 VL - 285 IS - 13 SN - 0098-7484, 0098-7484 KW - Microbiology Abstracts B: Bacteriology KW - J 02845:Ear, nose and respiratory tract UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/18596770?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologyb&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+the+American+Medical+Association&rft.atitle=Epidemiology+of+Invasive+Streptococcus+pneumoniae+Infections+in+the+United+States%2C+1995-1998.+Opportunities+for+Prevention+in+the+Conjugate+Vaccine+Era&rft.au=Robinson%2C+KA%3BBaughman%2C+W%3BRothrock%2C+G%3BBarrett%2C+N+L%3BPass%2C+M%3BLexau%2C+C%3BDamaske%2C+B%3BStefonek%2C+K%3BBarnes%2C+B%3BPatterson%2C+J%3BZell%2C+E+R%3BSchuchat%2C+A%3BWhitney%2C+C+G&rft.aulast=Robinson&rft.aufirst=KA&rft.date=2001-04-04&rft.volume=285&rft.issue=13&rft.spage=1729&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+the+American+Medical+Association&rft.issn=00987484&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Lung cancer among industrial sand workers exposed to crystalline silica. AN - 77023318; 11282798 AB - In 1997, the International Agency for Research on Cancer determined that crystalline silica was a human carcinogen but noted inconsistencies in the epidemiology. There are few exposure-response analyses. The authors examined lung cancer mortality among 4,626 industrial sand workers, estimating exposure via a job-exposure matrix based on 4,269 industrial hygiene samples collected in 1974--1995. The average length of employment was 9 years, and estimated average exposure was 0.05 mg/m(3) (the National Institute of Occupational Safety and Health Recommended Exposure Limit). Results confirmed excess mortality from silicosis/pneumoconioses (standardized mortality ratio = 18.2, 95% confidence interval: 10.6, 29.1; 17 deaths). The lung cancer standardized mortality ratio was 1.60 (95% confidence interval: 1.31, 1.93; 109 deaths). Limited data suggested that smoking might account for 10--20% of the lung cancer excess. Exposure-response analyses by quartile of cumulative exposure (15-year lag) yielded standardized rate ratios of 1.00, 0.78, 1.51, and 1.57 (p for trend = 0.07). Nested case-control analyses after exclusion of short-term workers, who had high overall morality, yielded odds ratios by quartile of cumulative exposure (15-year lag) of 1.00, 1.35, 1.63, and 2.00 (p for trend = 0.08) and odds ratios by quartile of average exposure of 1.00, 0.92, 1.44, and 2.26 (p = 0.005). These data lend support to the labeling by the International Agency for Research on Cancer of silica as a human carcinogen. There are approximately 2 million US workers exposed to silica; 100,000 are exposed to more than 0.1 mg/m(3). JF - American journal of epidemiology AU - Steenland, K AU - Sanderson, W AD - National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, Cincinnati, OH 45226, USA. kns1@cdc.gov Y1 - 2001/04/01/ PY - 2001 DA - 2001 Apr 01 SP - 695 EP - 703 VL - 153 IS - 7 SN - 0002-9262, 0002-9262 KW - Silicon Dioxide KW - 7631-86-9 KW - Index Medicus KW - Probability KW - Odds Ratio KW - Humans KW - Aged KW - Age Distribution KW - Extraction and Processing Industry KW - Risk Factors KW - Adult KW - Cohort Studies KW - Confidence Intervals KW - Incidence KW - Silicosis -- epidemiology KW - Middle Aged KW - United States -- epidemiology KW - Time Factors KW - Silicosis -- etiology KW - Male KW - Survival Analysis KW - Lung Neoplasms -- etiology KW - Lung Neoplasms -- epidemiology KW - Occupational Exposure -- adverse effects KW - Silicon Dioxide -- adverse effects UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/77023318?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=American+journal+of+epidemiology&rft.atitle=Lung+cancer+among+industrial+sand+workers+exposed+to+crystalline+silica.&rft.au=Steenland%2C+K%3BSanderson%2C+W&rft.aulast=Steenland&rft.aufirst=K&rft.date=2001-04-01&rft.volume=153&rft.issue=7&rft.spage=695&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=American+journal+of+epidemiology&rft.issn=00029262&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 2001-04-26 N1 - Date created - 2001-04-03 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - SuppNotes - Comment In: Am J Epidemiol. 2001 Oct 15;154(8):785 [11590092] Am J Epidemiol. 2001 Aug 1;154(3):288 [11479196] N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Ozone-induced mucous cell metaplasia. AN - 76974483; 11248130 AB - The article highlighted in this issue is "Endotoxin enhancement of ozone-induced mucous cell metaplasia is neutrophil-dependent in rat nasal epithelium," by James G. Wagner, Steven J. Van Dyken, Jon A. Hotchkiss, and Jack R. Harkema (pp. 338-347). JF - Toxicological sciences : an official journal of the Society of Toxicology AU - Luster, M I AD - Toxicology and Molecular Biology Branch, Health Effects Laboratory Division, National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, 1095 Willowdale Road, Morgantown, West Virginia 26505, USA. mluster@cdc.gov Y1 - 2001/04// PY - 2001 DA - April 2001 SP - 193 VL - 60 IS - 2 SN - 1096-6080, 1096-6080 KW - Air Pollutants KW - 0 KW - Oxidants, Photochemical KW - Ozone KW - 66H7ZZK23N KW - Index Medicus KW - Animals KW - Inhalation Exposure KW - Humans KW - Metaplasia -- pathology KW - Metaplasia -- chemically induced KW - Air Pollutants -- adverse effects KW - Oxidants, Photochemical -- adverse effects KW - Respiratory Mucosa -- drug effects KW - Respiratory Mucosa -- pathology KW - Ozone -- adverse effects UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/76974483?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Toxicological+sciences+%3A+an+official+journal+of+the+Society+of+Toxicology&rft.atitle=Ozone-induced+mucous+cell+metaplasia.&rft.au=Luster%2C+M+I&rft.aulast=Luster&rft.aufirst=M&rft.date=2001-04-01&rft.volume=60&rft.issue=2&rft.spage=193&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Toxicological+sciences+%3A+an+official+journal+of+the+Society+of+Toxicology&rft.issn=10966080&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 2001-06-07 N1 - Date created - 2001-03-15 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - SuppNotes - Comment On: Toxicol Sci. 2001 Apr;60(2):338-47 [11248146] N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Effects of polychlorinated biphenyls on development and reproduction. AN - 71331129; 12117298 AB - As part of its mandate, the Agency for Toxic Substances and Disease Registry (ATSDR) prepares toxicological profiles on hazardous chemicals found at Comprehensive Environmental Response, Compensation, and Liability Act (CERCLA) National Priorities List (NPL) sites that have the greatest public health impact. These profiles comprehensively summarize toxicological and environmental information. This article, which constitutes the release of an important section of the Toxicological Profile for Polychlorinated Biphenyls (ATSDR 2000) into the scientific literature, focuses on the developmental and reproductive effects of this group of synthetic organic chemicals (PCBs) in humans and animals. Information on other health effects, toxicokinetics, mechanisms of toxicity, biomarkers, interactions, chemical and physical properties, potential for human exposure, and regulations and advisories is detailed in the profile. Interested readers are encouraged to consult the original toxicological profile for more information. Profiles can be requested from ATSDR's Information Center by telephone (1-888-42-ATSDR [1-888-422-8737] or E-mail: (atsdric@cdc.gov). JF - Toxicology and industrial health AU - Faroon, O M AU - Keith, S AU - Jones, D AU - de Rosa, C AD - Agency for Toxic Substances and Disease Registry, US Department of Health and Human Services, Atlanta, Georgia 30333, USA. oxs0@cdc.gov Y1 - 2001/04// PY - 2001 DA - April 2001 SP - 63 EP - 93 VL - 17 IS - 3 SN - 0748-2337, 0748-2337 KW - Environmental Pollutants KW - 0 KW - Polychlorinated Biphenyls KW - DFC2HB4I0K KW - Index Medicus KW - Maternal Exposure -- adverse effects KW - Animals KW - Milk, Human -- chemistry KW - Infant, Low Birth Weight KW - Humans KW - Infant, Newborn KW - Pregnancy KW - Infant KW - Fishes KW - Food Contamination KW - Occupational Exposure -- adverse effects KW - Infertility -- chemically induced KW - Michigan KW - Female KW - Male KW - Environmental Pollutants -- toxicity KW - Reproduction -- drug effects KW - Polychlorinated Biphenyls -- toxicity KW - Child Development -- drug effects KW - Polychlorinated Biphenyls -- analysis KW - Environmental Pollutants -- analysis KW - Environmental Pollutants -- adverse effects KW - Prenatal Exposure Delayed Effects KW - Polychlorinated Biphenyls -- adverse effects UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/71331129?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Toxicology+and+industrial+health&rft.atitle=Effects+of+polychlorinated+biphenyls+on+development+and+reproduction.&rft.au=Faroon%2C+O+M%3BKeith%2C+S%3BJones%2C+D%3Bde+Rosa%2C+C&rft.aulast=Faroon&rft.aufirst=O&rft.date=2001-04-01&rft.volume=17&rft.issue=3&rft.spage=63&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Toxicology+and+industrial+health&rft.issn=07482337&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 2002-07-31 N1 - Date created - 2002-07-15 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Exposure to persistent organochlorines among Alaska Native women. AN - 71099236; 11507965 AB - To report the levels of DDT, DDE, other chlorinated pesticides, and PCBs found in 131 Alaska Native women who had serum samples collected between 1980 and 1987 and to compare these levels to other published studies of DDE and PCB exposure among U.S. women. Review of data collected during a case-control study of the relationship between organochlorine chemicals and breast cancer. Data for case and control women were pooled in this analysis because case-control differences were found to be minimal and because serum samples pre-dated cancer diagnoses by 3 to 10 years. More than 99% of the women had detectable levels of p,p-DDE (mean 9.10 ng/mL or ppb). Mean total PCB level was 7.56 ppb. Levels of exposure varied by geographical location and ethnic identification, which maybe a reflection of dietary differences. Five of the organochlorines were detected in at least half of the study population. Results were recalculated using detection limits corresponding to other published studies of DDE and PCB levels in U.S. women. Alaska women had levels similar to those reported from New York women collected in the 1980s. We compared the PCB congener levels measured in Alaska Native women with levels reported in Arctic animals and found similar PCB congener profiles. The six most frequently detected contaminants in Alaska Natives were also detected in the marine mammal samples reported by Becker et al (5). Our study identified widespread Alaska Native exposure to organochlorines that originated outside of the Arctic, a finding also seen in other studies. Our results provide a reference baseline for exposure levels during the 1980s, but further research is necessary to assess temporal trends in exposure among Alaska Natives. Further, the need for national and international inter-laboratory standardization for testing for persistent organochlorines to facilitate comparisons between Alaska Natives and other American populations is clearly demonstrated. JF - International journal of circumpolar health AU - Rubin, C H AU - Lanier, A AU - Socha, M AU - Brock, J W AU - Kieszak, S AU - Zahm, S AD - National Center for Environmental Health, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA, USA. chr1@cdc.gov Y1 - 2001/04// PY - 2001 DA - April 2001 SP - 157 EP - 169 VL - 60 IS - 2 SN - 1239-9736, 1239-9736 KW - Insecticides KW - 0 KW - Polychlorinated Biphenyls KW - DFC2HB4I0K KW - Index Medicus KW - Humans KW - Neoplasms -- chemically induced KW - Alaska -- epidemiology KW - Food Contamination KW - Case-Control Studies KW - Female KW - Insecticides -- adverse effects KW - Indians, North American KW - Health Status Indicators KW - Polychlorinated Biphenyls -- blood KW - Environmental Exposure -- analysis KW - Environmental Exposure -- adverse effects KW - Polychlorinated Biphenyls -- adverse effects KW - Insecticides -- blood UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/71099236?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=International+journal+of+circumpolar+health&rft.atitle=Exposure+to+persistent+organochlorines+among+Alaska+Native+women.&rft.au=Rubin%2C+C+H%3BLanier%2C+A%3BSocha%2C+M%3BBrock%2C+J+W%3BKieszak%2C+S%3BZahm%2C+S&rft.aulast=Rubin&rft.aufirst=C&rft.date=2001-04-01&rft.volume=60&rft.issue=2&rft.spage=157&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=International+journal+of+circumpolar+health&rft.issn=12399736&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 2001-09-13 N1 - Date created - 2001-08-17 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-14 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-19 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - A course of action on skin cancer. AN - 70837948; 11357281 JF - Business and health AU - Moore, G AD - gbm7@cdc.gov Y1 - 2001/04// PY - 2001 DA - April 2001 SP - 40 VL - 19 IS - 4 SN - 0739-9413, 0739-9413 KW - Health administration KW - Cost of Illness KW - Humans KW - Sunlight KW - Incidence KW - United States -- epidemiology KW - Occupational Exposure -- prevention & control KW - Melanoma -- economics KW - Melanoma -- prevention & control KW - Health Benefit Plans, Employee -- organization & administration KW - Skin Neoplasms -- epidemiology KW - Skin Neoplasms -- economics KW - Skin Neoplasms -- prevention & control KW - Melanoma -- epidemiology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/70837948?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Business+and+health&rft.atitle=A+course+of+action+on+skin+cancer.&rft.au=Moore%2C+G&rft.aulast=Moore&rft.aufirst=G&rft.date=2001-04-01&rft.volume=19&rft.issue=4&rft.spage=40&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Business+and+health&rft.issn=07399413&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 2001-06-14 N1 - Date created - 2001-05-18 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Beryllium sensitization and disease among long-term and short-term workers in a beryllium ceramics plant. AN - 70837255; 11355290 AB - Workers at a beryllium ceramics plant were tested for beryllium sensitization and disease in 1998 to determine whether the plant-wide prevalence of sensitization and disease had declined since the last screening in 1992; an elevated prevalence was associated with specific processes or with high exposures; exposure-response relationships differed for long-term workers hired before the last plant-wide screening and short-term workers hired since then. Current workers were asked to complete a questionnaire and to provide blood for the beryllium lymphocyte proliferation test (BeLPT). Those with an abnormal BeLPT were classified as sensitized, and were offered clinical evaluation for beryllium disease. Task- and time-specific measurements of airborne beryllium were combined with individual work histories to compute mean, cumulative, and peak beryllium exposures for each worker. The 151 participants represented 90% of 167 eligible workers. Fifteen (9.9% of 151) had an abnormal BeLPT and were split between long-term workers (8/77 = 10.4%) and short-term workers (7/74 = 9.5%). Beryllium disease was detected in 9.1% (7/77) of long-term workers but in only 1.4% (1/74) of short-term workers (P = 0.06), for an overall prevalence of 5.3% (8/151). These prevalences were similar to those observed in the earlier survey. The prevalence of sensitization was elevated in 1992 among machinists, and was still elevated in 1998 among long-term workers (7/40 = 18%) but not among short-term workers (2/36 = 6%) with machining experience. The prevalence of sensitization was also elevated in both groups of workers for the processes of lapping, forming, firing, and packaging. The data suggested a positive relationship between peak beryllium exposure and sensitization for long-term workers and between mean, cumulative, and peak exposure and sensitization for short-term workers, although these findings were not statistically significant. Long-term workers with either a high peak exposure or work experience in forming were more likely to have an abnormal BeLPT (8/51 = 16%) than the other long-term workers (0/26, P = 0.05). All seven sensitized short-term workers either had high mean beryllium exposure or had worked longest in forming or machining (7/55 = 13% versus 0/19, P = 0.18). A plant-wide decline in beryllium exposures between the 1992 and 1998 surveys was not matched by a decline in the prevalence of sensitization and disease. Similar to findings from other studies, beryllium sensitization/disease was associated with specific processes and elevated exposures. The contrast in disease prevalence between long-term and short-term workers suggests that beryllium sensitization can occur after a short period of exposure, but beryllium disease usually requires a longer latency and/or period of exposure. The findings from this study motivated interventions to more aggressively protect and test workers, and new research into skin exposure as a route of sensitization and the contribution of individual susceptibility. JF - International archives of occupational and environmental health AU - Henneberger, P K AU - Cumro, D AU - Deubner, D D AU - Kent, M S AU - McCawley, M AU - Kreiss, K AD - Division of Respiratory Disease Studies, National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, 1095 Willowdale Road, M/S H-2800, Morgantown, WV 26505, USA. pkh0@cdc.gov Y1 - 2001/04// PY - 2001 DA - April 2001 SP - 167 EP - 176 VL - 74 IS - 3 SN - 0340-0131, 0340-0131 KW - Air Pollutants, Occupational KW - 0 KW - Dust KW - Beryllium KW - OW5102UV6N KW - Index Medicus KW - Occupational Exposure KW - Dust -- analysis KW - Chi-Square Distribution KW - Humans KW - Linear Models KW - Ceramics -- adverse effects KW - Risk Assessment KW - Population Surveillance KW - Lymphocyte Activation KW - Cross-Sectional Studies KW - Risk Factors KW - Ceramics -- analysis KW - Dust -- adverse effects KW - Time Factors KW - Statistics, Nonparametric KW - Prevalence KW - Hypersensitivity -- epidemiology KW - Air Pollutants, Occupational -- analysis KW - Air Pollutants, Occupational -- adverse effects KW - Berylliosis -- epidemiology KW - Beryllium -- adverse effects KW - Beryllium -- analysis UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/70837255?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=International+archives+of+occupational+and+environmental+health&rft.atitle=Beryllium+sensitization+and+disease+among+long-term+and+short-term+workers+in+a+beryllium+ceramics+plant.&rft.au=Henneberger%2C+P+K%3BCumro%2C+D%3BDeubner%2C+D+D%3BKent%2C+M+S%3BMcCawley%2C+M%3BKreiss%2C+K&rft.aulast=Henneberger&rft.aufirst=P&rft.date=2001-04-01&rft.volume=74&rft.issue=3&rft.spage=167&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=International+archives+of+occupational+and+environmental+health&rft.issn=03400131&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 2001-10-25 N1 - Date created - 2001-05-17 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Occupational exposure to airborne mercury during gold mining operations near El Callao, Venezuela. AN - 70833606; 11355295 AB - The National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH) recently conducted a cross-sectional study during gold mining operations near El Callao, Venezuela. The purpose of the study was to assess mercury exposures and mercury-related microdamage to the kidneys. The study consisted of concurrent occupational hygiene and biological monitoring, and an examination of the processing techniques employed at the different mining facilities. Mercury was used in these facilities to remove gold by forming a mercury-gold amalgam. The gold was purified either by heating the amalgam in the open with a propane torch or by using a small retort. Thirty-eight workers participated in this study. Some participants were employed by a large mining company, while others were considered "informal miners" (self-employed). Mercury exposure was monitored by sampling air from the workers' breathing zones. These full-shift air samples were used to calculate time-weighted average (TWA) mercury exposure concentrations. A questionnaire was administered and a spot urine sample was collected. Each urine sample was analyzed for mercury, creatinine, and N-acetyl-beta-D-glucosaminidase (NAG). The range for the 8-h TWA airborne mercury exposure concentrations was 0.1 to 6,315 micrograms/m3, with a mean of 183 micrograms/m3. Twenty percent of the TWA airborne mercury exposure measurements were above the NIOSH recommended exposure limit (REL) of 50 micrograms/m3, and 26% exceeded the American Conference of Governmental Industrial Hygienists (ACGIH) threshold limit value (TLV) of 25 micrograms/m3. The mean urine mercury concentration was 101 micrograms/g creatinine (microgram/g-Cr), and the data ranged from 2.5 to 912 micrograms/g-Cr. Forty-two percent of the study participants had urine mercury concentrations that exceeded the ACGIH biological exposure index (BEI) of 35 micrograms/g-Cr. Urinary NAG excretion is considered a biological marker of preclinical, nonspecific microdamage to the kidney's proximal tubule cells. The mean urine NAG concentration was 3.6 International Units/g-Cr (IU/g-Cr) with a range of 0.5 to 11.5 IU/g-Cr. Three workers had urine NAG levels in excess of the reference values. Correlation analyses found statistically significant correlations between airborne mercury exposure and urine mercury level (P = 0.01), and between urine mercury level and urine NAG excretion (P = 0.01). In addition, the airborne mercury exposure data and urine mercury data were segregated by job tasks. A Wilcoxon rank sum test revealed significant correlations between tasks and mercury exposure (P = 0.03), and between tasks and urine mercury level (P = 0.02). The tasks with the highest mean airborne mercury exposures were "burning the mercury-gold amalgam" and "gold refining/smelting". Recommendations were provided for improving the retort design to better contain mercury, for ventilation in the gold shops, and for medical surveillance and educational programs. JF - International archives of occupational and environmental health AU - Drake, P L AU - Rojas, M AU - Reh, C M AU - Mueller, C A AU - Jenkins, F M AD - National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, Spokane Research Laboratory, 315E. Montgomery, Spokane, WA 99207, USA. pcd8@cdc.gov Y1 - 2001/04// PY - 2001 DA - April 2001 SP - 206 EP - 212 VL - 74 IS - 3 SN - 0340-0131, 0340-0131 KW - Air Pollutants, Occupational KW - 0 KW - Gold KW - 7440-57-5 KW - Creatinine KW - AYI8EX34EU KW - Acetylglucosaminidase KW - EC 3.2.1.52 KW - Mercury KW - FXS1BY2PGL KW - Index Medicus KW - Occupational Exposure KW - Environmental Monitoring KW - Cross-Sectional Studies KW - Analysis of Variance KW - Creatinine -- urine KW - Humans KW - Acetylglucosaminidase -- urine KW - Epidemiological Monitoring KW - Venezuela -- epidemiology KW - Statistics, Nonparametric KW - Mercury -- urine KW - Mercury -- adverse effects KW - Air Pollutants, Occupational -- analysis KW - Mercury -- analysis KW - Air Pollutants, Occupational -- adverse effects KW - Mining KW - Air Pollutants, Occupational -- urine UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/70833606?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=International+archives+of+occupational+and+environmental+health&rft.atitle=Occupational+exposure+to+airborne+mercury+during+gold+mining+operations+near+El+Callao%2C+Venezuela.&rft.au=Drake%2C+P+L%3BRojas%2C+M%3BReh%2C+C+M%3BMueller%2C+C+A%3BJenkins%2C+F+M&rft.aulast=Drake&rft.aufirst=P&rft.date=2001-04-01&rft.volume=74&rft.issue=3&rft.spage=206&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=International+archives+of+occupational+and+environmental+health&rft.issn=03400131&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 2001-10-25 N1 - Date created - 2001-05-17 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Mortality among unionized construction plasterers and cement masons. AN - 70800303; 11323787 AB - Plasterers perform a variety of duties including interior and exterior plastering of drywall, cement, stucco, and stone imitation; the preparation, installation, and repair of all interior and exterior insulation systems; and the fireproofing of steel beams and columns. Some of the current potential toxic exposures among plasterers include plaster of Paris, silica, fiberglass, talc, and 1,1,1-trichloroethylene; asbestos had been used by the plasterers in the past. Cement masons, on the other hand, are involved in concrete construction of buildings, bridges, curbs and gutters, sidewalks, highways, streets and roads, floors and pavements and the finishing of same, when necessary, by sandblasting or any other method. Exposures include cement dust, silica, asphalt, and various solvents. Proportionate mortality ratios (PMRs) and proportionate cancer mortality ratios (PCMRs) were calculated for 99 causes of death among 12,873 members of the Operative Plasterers' and Cement Masons' International Association who died between 1972 and 1996 using United States age-, race-, and calender-specific death rates. Statistical significance (P value) of results was based upon the Poisson distribution. Among plasterers, statistically significant elevated mortality was observed for asbestosis, where the PMR reached 1,657 (P < 0.01) with eleven observed deaths and less than one death expected, for lung cancer (PCMR = 124, P < 0.01), and for benign neoplasms (PMR = 210, P < 0.05). Among cement masons, statistically significant elevated mortality was observed for cancer of the stomach (PCMR = 133, P < 0.01), benign neoplasms (PMR = 132, P < 0.01), and poisonings (PMR = 159, P < 0.05). Except for poisonings, which were not thought to be occupationally related, all of the statistically significant results occurred among those members who entered the union prior to 1950. However, the risk for lung cancer among plasterers was still elevated among those entering the union after 1970 as was the risk for stomach cancer among cement masons who entered the union after 1950. The present study suggests that plasterers and cement masons still have elevated risks for certain diseases, especially lung and stomach cancer. Therefore, union members currently living should be screened for asbestos-related diseases and educated about the future risks for these diseases. JF - American journal of industrial medicine AU - Stern, F AU - Lehman, E AU - Ruder, A AD - National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, 4676 Columbia Parkway, Cincinnati, Ohio 45226, USA. fstern@cdc.gov Y1 - 2001/04// PY - 2001 DA - April 2001 SP - 373 EP - 388 VL - 39 IS - 4 SN - 0271-3586, 0271-3586 KW - Air Pollutants, Occupational KW - 0 KW - Asbestos KW - 1332-21-4 KW - Silicon Dioxide KW - 7631-86-9 KW - Index Medicus KW - Labor Unions KW - Construction Materials -- adverse effects KW - Aged, 80 and over KW - Humans KW - Adult KW - Asbestos -- adverse effects KW - Aged KW - United States -- epidemiology KW - Male KW - Silicon Dioxide -- adverse effects KW - Lung Neoplasms -- etiology KW - Stomach Neoplasms -- mortality KW - Air Pollutants, Occupational -- adverse effects KW - Occupational Diseases -- etiology KW - Lung Neoplasms -- mortality KW - Stomach Neoplasms -- etiology KW - Occupational Diseases -- mortality UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/70800303?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=American+journal+of+industrial+medicine&rft.atitle=Mortality+among+unionized+construction+plasterers+and+cement+masons.&rft.au=Stern%2C+F%3BLehman%2C+E%3BRuder%2C+A&rft.aulast=Stern&rft.aufirst=F&rft.date=2001-04-01&rft.volume=39&rft.issue=4&rft.spage=373&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=American+journal+of+industrial+medicine&rft.issn=02713586&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 2001-07-05 N1 - Date created - 2001-04-27 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Agreement between clinical examination and quantitative tests of neurologic function among 384 subjects. AN - 70788801; 11323785 AB - Quantitative neurological tests are often cheaper and easier than clinical examinations, and provide continuous data which may discriminate between exposed and nonexposed groups with more sensitivity than dichotomous (normal/abnormal) examination data. We compare clinical examinations and analogous quantitative tests for arm tremor, postural sway, and vibrotactile sensitivity (finger and toe), for 384 subjects. The "abnormal" clinical outcomes studied were relatively common (range, 3-36%), and did not result in impairment of daily activity for affected subjects. All the quantitative tests were reasonably good predictors of the corresponding clinical outcome. The most predictive test was for toe vibrotactile sensitivity. The probability of an abnormal clinical result for those in the worst quartile for the toe test was 0.63, compared with 0.36 for all subjects. Our results suggest that certain quantitative tests might be used in epidemiologic studies instead of a physical examination. JF - American journal of industrial medicine AU - Steenland, K AU - Dick, R AU - Fine, L AD - National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, 4676 Columbia Parkway, Cincinnati, Ohio 45226-1998, USA. nsteenland@cdc.gov Y1 - 2001/04// PY - 2001 DA - April 2001 SP - 361 EP - 368 VL - 39 IS - 4 SN - 0271-3586, 0271-3586 KW - Pesticides KW - 0 KW - Index Medicus KW - Tremor -- physiopathology KW - Sensitivity and Specificity KW - Odds Ratio KW - Humans KW - Occupational Diseases -- physiopathology KW - Predictive Value of Tests KW - Occupational Diseases -- chemically induced KW - Tremor -- chemically induced KW - Pesticides -- adverse effects KW - Multivariate Analysis KW - Tremor -- epidemiology KW - Logistic Models KW - Vibration KW - Occupational Exposure -- adverse effects KW - Occupational Diseases -- epidemiology KW - Female KW - Male KW - Neuropsychological Tests -- statistics & numerical data KW - Neurologic Examination -- statistics & numerical data KW - Neurologic Examination -- methods UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/70788801?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=American+journal+of+industrial+medicine&rft.atitle=Agreement+between+clinical+examination+and+quantitative+tests+of+neurologic+function+among+384+subjects.&rft.au=Steenland%2C+K%3BDick%2C+R%3BFine%2C+L&rft.aulast=Steenland&rft.aufirst=K&rft.date=2001-04-01&rft.volume=39&rft.issue=4&rft.spage=361&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=American+journal+of+industrial+medicine&rft.issn=02713586&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 2001-07-05 N1 - Date created - 2001-04-27 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Preferences about the Characteristics of Future HIV Prevention Products among Men Who Have Sex with Men AN - 61289981; 200104705 AB - This study of men who have sex with men (MSM) examined preferences about the characteristics of a potential product for preventing sexual transmission of HIV, such as a rectal microbicide. MSM were recruited in West Hollywood, CA. They self-administered a questionnaire & rated 48 product characteristics reflecting the physical or secondary effects of the product & logistics of use. Physical attributes, convenience/accessibility, & psychological aspects had intermediate ratings; interpersonal dynamics had the lowest rating. Men with negative attitudes about using condoms to prevent HIV infection were more likely than their counterparts to prefer a product that does not reduce sexual sensation or pleasure, does not break the mood, & can be used after a sexual encounter ends. A similar pattern was observed when participants were stratified by whether or not they had engaged in unprotected anal intercourse in the past 12 months. The findings inform the development, testing, & marketing of a future HIV prevention product for MSM. 4 Tables, 20 References. Adapted from the source document. JF - AIDS Education and Prevention AU - Rader, Melissa AU - Marks, Gary AU - Mansergh, Gordon AU - Crepaz, Nicole AU - Miller, Lynn C AU - Appleby, Paul R AU - Murphy, Sheila AD - c/o Marks -- Division HIV/AIDS Prevention, Centers Disease Control & Prevention, Atlanta, GA Y1 - 2001/04// PY - 2001 DA - April 2001 SP - 149 EP - 159 VL - 13 IS - 2 SN - 0899-9546, 0899-9546 KW - Los Angeles, California KW - Sexual Behavior KW - Prevention KW - Products KW - Preferences KW - Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndrome KW - Males KW - article KW - 6126: acquired immune deficiency syndrome (AIDS) UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/61289981?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Asocialservices&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=AIDS+Education+and+Prevention&rft.atitle=Preferences+about+the+Characteristics+of+Future+HIV+Prevention+Products+among+Men+Who+Have+Sex+with+Men&rft.au=Rader%2C+Melissa%3BMarks%2C+Gary%3BMansergh%2C+Gordon%3BCrepaz%2C+Nicole%3BMiller%2C+Lynn+C%3BAppleby%2C+Paul+R%3BMurphy%2C+Sheila&rft.aulast=Rader&rft.aufirst=Melissa&rft.date=2001-04-01&rft.volume=13&rft.issue=2&rft.spage=149&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=AIDS+Education+and+Prevention&rft.issn=08999546&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - Social Services Abstracts N1 - Date revised - 2007-10-30 N1 - Last updated - 2016-09-28 N1 - CODEN - AEPREO N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Males; Sexual Behavior; Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndrome; Prevention; Preferences; Products; Los Angeles, California ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Measuring Community Bicycle Helmet Use Among Children AN - 18323039; 5366083 AB - Bicycling is a popular recreational activity and a principal mode of transportation for children in the United States, yet about 300 children die and 430,000 are injured annually. Wearing a bicycle helmet is an important countermeasure, since it reduces the risk of serious brain injury by up to 85%. The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) have funded state health departments to conduct bicycle helmet programs, and their effectiveness has been evaluated by monitoring community bicycle helmet use. Although it would appear that measuring bicycle helmet use is easy, it is actually neither simple nor straightforward. The authors describe what they have learned about assessing helmet use and what methods have been most useful. They also detail several key practical decisions that define the current CDC position regarding helmet use assessment. Although important enough in their own right, the lessons learned in the CDC's bicycle helmet evaluation may serve as a model for evaluating other injury prevention and public health programs. JF - Public Health Reports AU - Schieber, R A AU - Sacks, J J AD - National Center for Injury Prevention and Control, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, 4770 Buford Highway NE, MS K-63, Atlanta, GA 30341, USA, rbs4@cdc.gov Y1 - 2001/04// PY - 2001 DA - Apr 2001 SP - 113 EP - 121 VL - 116 IS - 2 SN - 0033-3549, 0033-3549 KW - bicycles KW - helmets KW - Physical Education Index; Health & Safety Science Abstracts KW - Injuries KW - Helmets KW - Safety KW - Bicycling (equipment) KW - Children KW - Protective equipment KW - USA KW - Epidemiology (injuries) KW - H 11000:Diseases/Injuries/Trauma KW - PE 030:Exercise, Health & Physical Fitness UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/18323039?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aphysicaleducation&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Public+Health+Reports&rft.atitle=Measuring+Community+Bicycle+Helmet+Use+Among+Children&rft.au=Schieber%2C+R+A%3BSacks%2C+J+J&rft.aulast=Schieber&rft.aufirst=R&rft.date=2001-04-01&rft.volume=116&rft.issue=2&rft.spage=113&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Public+Health+Reports&rft.issn=00333549&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - Physical Education Index; ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Children; Helmets; Bicycling (equipment); Safety; Epidemiology (injuries); USA; Injuries; Protective equipment ER - TY - JOUR T1 - HIV Seroconversion During Pregnancy and Risk for Mother-to-Infant Transmission AN - 18076383; 5138025 AB - Pregnant women infected with HIV-1 were enrolled in a prospective mother-to-infant transmission study from 1992 through 1994 in Bangkok. In participating hospitals, voluntary HIV testing was routinely offered at the beginning of antenatal care and again in the middle of the third trimester of pregnancy. Women who seroconverted to HIV during pregnancy were compared with women who had tested positive on their first antenatal test. Maternal HIV RNA levels were determined during pregnancy, at delivery, and postpartum using RNA polymerase chain reaction (PCR), and infection status in infants was determined by DNA PCR. No infants were breastfed, but prophylactic antiretroviral therapy was not yet used in Thailand to prevent transmission from mother to infant. Among enrolled women, 16 who seroconverted during pregnancy and 279 who were HIV-1-seropositive at their first antenatal test gave birth. Median plasma RNA levels at delivery were similar for the two groups (17,505 and 20,845 copies/ml, respectively; p = .8). Two (13.3%) of 15 infants born to women who seroconverted and 66 (24.8%) of 266 infants born to previously HIV-seropositive women were infected with HIV (p = .5). There was no increased risk for mother-to-infant HIV transmission and no significant difference in viral load at delivery between HIV-infected women who seroconverted to HIV during pregnancy and those who were HIV-seropositive when first tested. JF - JAIDS Journal of Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndromes AU - Roongpisuthipong, A AU - Siriwasin, W AU - Simonds, R J AU - Sangtaweesin, V AU - Vanprapar, N AU - Wasi, C AU - Singhanati, S AU - Mock, P AU - Young, N AU - Parekh, B AU - Mastro, T D AU - Shaffer, N AD - The HIV/AIDS Collaboration, DMS 6 Building, Ministry of Public Health, Tivanon Road, Nonthaburi 11000, Thailand, rxs5@cdc.gov Y1 - 2001/04// PY - 2001 DA - Apr 2001 SP - 348 EP - 351 VL - 26 IS - 4 SN - 1525-4135, 1525-4135 KW - HIV KW - HIV-1 KW - disease transmission KW - maternal transfer KW - seroconversion KW - Risk Abstracts; Virology & AIDS Abstracts KW - Risk assessment KW - Transmission (vertical) KW - Pregnancy KW - Perinatal exposure KW - Maternal transfer KW - Thailand, Bangkok KW - Human immunodeficiency virus KW - Human immunodeficiency virus 1 KW - Seroconversion KW - V 22005:AIDS: Epidemiological aspects KW - R2 23060:Medical and environmental health UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/18076383?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Ariskabstracts&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=JAIDS+Journal+of+Acquired+Immune+Deficiency+Syndromes&rft.atitle=HIV+Seroconversion+During+Pregnancy+and+Risk+for+Mother-to-Infant+Transmission&rft.au=Roongpisuthipong%2C+A%3BSiriwasin%2C+W%3BSimonds%2C+R+J%3BSangtaweesin%2C+V%3BVanprapar%2C+N%3BWasi%2C+C%3BSinghanati%2C+S%3BMock%2C+P%3BYoung%2C+N%3BParekh%2C+B%3BMastro%2C+T+D%3BShaffer%2C+N&rft.aulast=Roongpisuthipong&rft.aufirst=A&rft.date=2001-04-01&rft.volume=26&rft.issue=4&rft.spage=348&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=JAIDS+Journal+of+Acquired+Immune+Deficiency+Syndromes&rft.issn=15254135&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Human immunodeficiency virus; Human immunodeficiency virus 1; Thailand, Bangkok; Pregnancy; Seroconversion; Transmission (vertical); Maternal transfer; Perinatal exposure; Risk assessment ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Novel carbapenem-hydrolyzing beta -lactamase, KPC-1, from a carbapenem-resistant strain of Klebsiella pneumoniae AN - 17886328; 5123584 AB - A Klebsiella pneumoniae isolate showing moderate to high-level imipenem and meropenem resistance was investigated. The MICs of both drugs were 16 mu g/ml. The beta -lactamase activity against imipenem and meropenem was inhibited in the presence of clavulanic acid. The strain was also resistant to extended-spectrum cephalosporins and aztreonam. Isoelectric focusing studies demonstrated three beta -lactamases, with pIs of 7.2 (SHV-29), 6.7 (KPC-1), and 5.4 (TEM-1). The presence of bla sub(SHV) and bla sub(TEM) genes was confirmed by specific PCRs and DNA sequence analysis. Transformation and conjugation studies with Escherichia coli showed that the beta -lactamase with a pI of 6.7, KPC-1 (K. pneumoniae carbapenemase-1), was encoded on an approximately 50-kb nonconjugative plasmid. The gene, bla sub(KPC-1), was cloned in E. coli and shown to confer resistance to imipenem, meropenem, extended-spectrum cephalosporins, and aztreonam. The amino acid sequence of the novel carbapenem-hydrolyzing beta -lactamase, KPC-1, showed 45% identity to the pI 9.7 carbapenem-hydrolyzing beta -lactamase, Sme-1, from Serratia marcescens S6. Hydrolysis studies showed that purified KPC-1 hydrolyzed not only carbapenems but also penicillins, cephalosporins, and monobactams. KPC-1 had the highest affinity for meropenem. The kinetic studies also revealed that clavulanic acid and tazobactam inhibited KPC-1. An examination of the outer membrane proteins of the parent K. pneumoniae strain demonstrated that the strain does not express detectable levels of OmpK35 and OmpK37, although OmpK36 is present. We concluded that carbapenem resistance in K. pneumoniae strain 1534 is mainly due to production of a novel Bush group 2f, class A, carbapenem-hydrolyzing beta -lactamase, KPC-1, although alterations in porin expression may also play a role. JF - Antimicrobial Agents & Chemotherapy AU - Yigit, H AU - Queenan, A M AU - Anderson, G J AU - Domenech-Sanchez, A AU - Biddle, J W AU - Steward, C D AU - Alberti, S AU - Bush, K AU - Tenover, F C AD - Nosocomial Pathogens Laboratory Branch (G08), Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, 1600 Clifton Rd., Atlanta, GA 30333, USA, fnt1@cdc.gov Y1 - 2001/04// PY - 2001 DA - Apr 2001 SP - 1151 EP - 1161 VL - 45 IS - 4 SN - 0066-4804, 0066-4804 KW - nucleotide sequence KW - cloning KW - Carbapenemase-1 KW - KPC-1 beta -lactamase KW - KPC-1 lactamase KW - aztreonam KW - blaKPC-1 gene KW - carbapenemase 1 KW - imipenem KW - meropenem KW - Microbiology Abstracts A: Industrial & Applied Microbiology; Microbiology Abstracts B: Bacteriology KW - KPC-1 b-lactamase KW - Cephalosporins KW - Isoelectric points KW - Genetic analysis KW - Hydrolysis KW - Minimum inhibitory concentration KW - Penicillin KW - Imipenem KW - Meropenem KW - Polymerase chain reaction KW - b-Lactamase KW - ^b-Lactamase KW - Antibiotic resistance KW - Amino acid sequence KW - Klebsiella pneumoniae KW - A 01064:Microbial resistance KW - J 02795:Antibiotic resistance UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/17886328?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologyb&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Antimicrobial+Agents+%26+Chemotherapy&rft.atitle=Novel+carbapenem-hydrolyzing+beta+-lactamase%2C+KPC-1%2C+from+a+carbapenem-resistant+strain+of+Klebsiella+pneumoniae&rft.au=Yigit%2C+H%3BQueenan%2C+A+M%3BAnderson%2C+G+J%3BDomenech-Sanchez%2C+A%3BBiddle%2C+J+W%3BSteward%2C+C+D%3BAlberti%2C+S%3BBush%2C+K%3BTenover%2C+F+C&rft.aulast=Yigit&rft.aufirst=H&rft.date=2001-04-01&rft.volume=45&rft.issue=4&rft.spage=1151&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Antimicrobial+Agents+%26+Chemotherapy&rft.issn=00664804&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Klebsiella pneumoniae; b-Lactamase; Antibiotic resistance; Cephalosporins; Isoelectric points; Polymerase chain reaction; Penicillin; Imipenem; Meropenem; ^b-Lactamase; Minimum inhibitory concentration; Genetic analysis; Amino acid sequence; Hydrolysis ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Sexually transmitted diseases: magnitude, determinants and consequences AN - 17874862; 5121453 AB - Sexually transmitted diseases (STDs) including human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infections constitute a major reproductive health burden for sexually-active individuals. The short-term and long-term consequences of STD have been well documented and include genital and other cancers, pelvic inflammatory disease, ectopic pregnancy, infertility, and adverse outcomes of pregnancy including pre-term delivery and low birth weight. The burden of sexually transmitted infections falls disproportionately on the young, the poor, minorities and women. At the societal level, there is a continuing need to educate people, particularly adolescents, about their risk for STDs and their sequelae and to increase the use of barrier methods including condoms. Policy decisions that facilitate more open discussion of sexuality and STDs, and that expand the accessibility and acceptability of sexual risk assessment, STD screening and treatment services would help decrease STD rates in the United States to levels similar to those observed in other industrialized countries. JF - International Journal of STD & AIDS AU - Aral, SO AD - CDC, NCHSTP, Information Technology Services, 1600 Clifton Road, M/S E06, Atlanta, GA 30333, USA Y1 - 2001/04// PY - 2001 DA - Apr 2001 SP - 211 EP - 215 VL - 12 IS - 4 SN - 0956-4624, 0956-4624 KW - USA KW - disease control KW - sexual behavior KW - sexually transmitted diseases KW - Virology & AIDS Abstracts; Risk Abstracts; Health & Safety Science Abstracts KW - Risk assessment KW - Sexually-transmitted diseases KW - Disease control KW - Socioeconomics KW - Sexual behavior KW - Risks KW - Condoms KW - Ethnic groups KW - Adolescents KW - Socio-economic aspects KW - Education KW - Human immunodeficiency virus KW - H 11000:Diseases/Injuries/Trauma KW - V 22006:AIDS: Other aspects KW - R2 23060:Medical and environmental health UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/17874862?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Ariskabstracts&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=International+Journal+of+STD+%26+AIDS&rft.atitle=Sexually+transmitted+diseases%3A+magnitude%2C+determinants+and+consequences&rft.au=Aral%2C+SO&rft.aulast=Aral&rft.aufirst=SO&rft.date=2001-04-01&rft.volume=12&rft.issue=4&rft.spage=211&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=International+Journal+of+STD+%26+AIDS&rft.issn=09564624&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Human immunodeficiency virus; Education; Risk assessment; Adolescents; Socioeconomics; Ethnic groups; Disease control; Sexually-transmitted diseases; Sexual behavior; Condoms; Risks; Socio-economic aspects ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Distributions and Determinants of Pre-Emergent Herbicide Exposures Among Custom Applicators AN - 17872055; 5121952 AB - Custom applicators intensively apply herbicides to corn and soybean fields each spring. The primary objective of this study was to characterize the exposure distributions of the herbicides alachlor, atrazine, 2,4-D 2-ethylhexyl ester (2,4-D EH), and metolachlor among a group of applicators during the spring pre-emergent spray season. A secondary objective was to evaluate determinants of exposure and to estimate within- and between-worker variance components. Fifteen applicators were sampled using a systematic design that included spray and non-spray days and multiple measurements (five to seven) on each applicator. Air, patch, and handwash samples were collected on 89 applicator-days. Applicator-days were classified into three categories: target herbicide sprayed, non-target herbicide sprayed, and no herbicide sprayed. Mixed-model regression analysis was used. For all exposure metrics, adjusted mean herbicide exposures were significantly higher on days when target herbicides were sprayed as compared to non-spray days. For 2,4-D EH only, adjusted mean exposures on non-target herbicide spray days were significantly higher than on non-spray days. Wearing gloves significantly reduced adjusted mean hand exposure for all herbicides (4-20 fold) and adjusted mean thigh exposure for three herbicides (8-53 fold) on days the herbicides were sprayed; however, wearing gloves significantly increased adjusted mean atrazine hand and thigh exposures (9 and 7 fold, respectively) on days that non-atrazine herbicides were sprayed. Few of the other covariates were consistent determinants of exposure. For all exposure metrics, the within-worker variability (GSD sub(W) 2.1-5.6) was greater than the between-worker variability (GSD sub(B) 1.2-2.7). JF - Annals of Occupational Hygiene AU - Hines, C J AU - Deddens, JA AU - Tucker, S P AU - Hornung, R W AD - National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, 4676 Columbia Parkway, Cincinnati, OH 45226, USA, cjh8@cdc.gov Y1 - 2001/04// PY - 2001 DA - Apr 2001 SP - 227 EP - 239 VL - 45 IS - 3 SN - 0003-4878, 0003-4878 KW - man KW - 2,4-D 2-ethylhexyl ester KW - 2-ethylhexyl ester KW - alachlor KW - metolachlor KW - Toxicology Abstracts; Health & Safety Science Abstracts KW - Sprays KW - Alachlor KW - Herbicides KW - Agrochemicals KW - Pesticide applications KW - Protective clothing KW - Atrazine KW - 2,4-Dichlorophenoxyacetic acid KW - Occupational exposure KW - H 5000:Pesticides KW - X 24133:Metabolism UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/17872055?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxicologyabstracts&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Annals+of+Occupational+Hygiene&rft.atitle=Distributions+and+Determinants+of+Pre-Emergent+Herbicide+Exposures+Among+Custom+Applicators&rft.au=Hines%2C+C+J%3BDeddens%2C+JA%3BTucker%2C+S+P%3BHornung%2C+R+W&rft.aulast=Hines&rft.aufirst=C&rft.date=2001-04-01&rft.volume=45&rft.issue=3&rft.spage=227&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Annals+of+Occupational+Hygiene&rft.issn=00034878&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Agrochemicals; Occupational exposure; Herbicides; Protective clothing; 2,4-Dichlorophenoxyacetic acid; Atrazine; Sprays; Pesticide applications; Alachlor ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Type-Specific Detection of Echovirus 30 Isolates Using Degenerate Reverse Transcriptase PCR Primers AN - 17865516; 5110530 AB - Following an approach used to specifically identify polioviruses and enterovirus 71, we have developed reverse transcriptase (RT) PCR primers containing mixed-base residues or deoxyinosine at positions of codon degeneracy. These primers permit specific RT-PCR amplification of echovirus 30 (E30) sequences by targeting sites that encode conserved amino acid motifs within the major capsid protein, VP1. All 221 E30 strains tested, isolated in 16 countries over a 44-year period, yielded the predicted 158-bp PCR product. No specific products were obtained by PCR assays containing templates from any of the other 63 EV serotypes. Inosine-containing degenerate primers may be widely applicable to the identification of echovirus serotypes by PCR. JF - Journal of Clinical Microbiology AU - Kilpatrick AU - Quay, J AU - Pallansch, MA AU - Oberste AD - Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, 1600 Clifton Rd. NE, Mailstop G-10, Atlanta, GA 30333, USA, dkilpatrick@cdc.gov Y1 - 2001/04// PY - 2001 DA - Apr 2001 SP - 1299 EP - 1302 VL - 39 IS - 4 SN - 0095-1137, 0095-1137 KW - Microbiology Abstracts A: Industrial & Applied Microbiology; Virology & AIDS Abstracts KW - Serotypes KW - Serotyping KW - Reverse transcription KW - Detection KW - Polymerase chain reaction KW - Echovirus 30 KW - Primers KW - A 01114:Viruses KW - V 22121:Diagnosis UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/17865516?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologya&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Clinical+Microbiology&rft.atitle=Type-Specific+Detection+of+Echovirus+30+Isolates+Using+Degenerate+Reverse+Transcriptase+PCR+Primers&rft.au=Kilpatrick%3BQuay%2C+J%3BPallansch%2C+MA%3BOberste&rft.aulast=Kilpatrick&rft.aufirst=&rft.date=2001-04-01&rft.volume=39&rft.issue=4&rft.spage=1299&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+Clinical+Microbiology&rft.issn=00951137&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Echovirus 30; Detection; Polymerase chain reaction; Reverse transcription; Primers; Serotyping; Serotypes ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Persistence of a Distinct Corynebacterium diphtheriae Clonal Group within Two Communities in the United States and Canada Where Diphtheria Is Endemic AN - 17862254; 5110492 AB - Molecular characterization of 53 U.S. and Canadian Corynebacterium diphtheriae isolates by multilocus enzyme electrophoresis, ribotyping, and random amplified polymorphic DNA showed that strains with distinct molecular subtypes have persisted in the United States and Canada for at least 25 years. These strains are endemic rather than imported from countries with current endemic or epidemic diphtheria. JF - Journal of Clinical Microbiology AU - Marston, C K AU - Jamieson, F AU - Cahoon, F AU - Lesiak, G AU - Golaz, A AU - Reeves, M AU - Popovic, T AD - Epidemic Investigations Laboratory, Meningitis and Special Pathogens Branch, Division of Bacterial and Mycotic Diseases, National Center for Infectious Diseases, CDC, MS G34, 1600 Clifton Rd., Atlanta, GA 30333, USA, cdk5@cdc.gov Y1 - 2001/04// PY - 2001 DA - Apr 2001 SP - 1586 EP - 1590 VL - 39 IS - 4 SN - 0095-1137, 0095-1137 KW - clonal groups KW - man KW - Canada KW - USA KW - Microbiology Abstracts B: Bacteriology KW - Epidemiology KW - Corynebacterium diphtheriae KW - Diphtheria KW - J 02845:Ear, nose and respiratory tract UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/17862254?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologyb&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Clinical+Microbiology&rft.atitle=Persistence+of+a+Distinct+Corynebacterium+diphtheriae+Clonal+Group+within+Two+Communities+in+the+United+States+and+Canada+Where+Diphtheria+Is+Endemic&rft.au=Marston%2C+C+K%3BJamieson%2C+F%3BCahoon%2C+F%3BLesiak%2C+G%3BGolaz%2C+A%3BReeves%2C+M%3BPopovic%2C+T&rft.aulast=Marston&rft.aufirst=C&rft.date=2001-04-01&rft.volume=39&rft.issue=4&rft.spage=1586&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+Clinical+Microbiology&rft.issn=00951137&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Corynebacterium diphtheriae; Epidemiology; Diphtheria ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Random Amplified Polymorphic DNA Assay as a Rapid Tool in Screening for Neisseria meningitidis Serogroup C Isolates of Electrophoretic Type 24 AN - 17860601; 5110494 AB - Neisseria meningitidis serogroup C (NMSC) isolates of electrophoretic type 24 (ET-24), as identified by multilocus enzyme electrophoresis, are the main cause of serogroup C meningococcal disease outbreaks and sporadic meningococcal disease in the United States. We evaluated a random amplified polymorphic DNA assay as a rapid tool to screen for isolates of ET-24 by testing 199 NMSC isolates of 51 different ETs. A sensitivity of 88% and a specificity of 87% was achieved in identification of ET-24 isolates when the patterns obtained by two primers, P1 and P5, were analyzed together. JF - Journal of Clinical Microbiology AU - Schmink, S AU - Reeves, M W AU - Plikaytis, B AU - Popovic, T AD - Epidemic Investigations Laboratory, Meningitis and Special Pathogens Branch, Division of Bacterial and Mycotic Diseases, National Center for Infectious Diseases, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Bldg. 5, Room MS D11, 1600 Clifton Rd., NE, Atlanta, GA 30333, USA, zma6@cdc.gov Y1 - 2001/04// PY - 2001 DA - Apr 2001 SP - 1622 EP - 1625 VL - 39 IS - 4 SN - 0095-1137, 0095-1137 KW - screening KW - bioassays KW - USA KW - Microbiology Abstracts B: Bacteriology; Microbiology Abstracts A: Industrial & Applied Microbiology KW - Bioassays KW - DNA KW - Neisseria meningitidis KW - Random amplified polymorphic DNA KW - Meningitis KW - A 01116:Bacteria KW - J 02710:Identification, taxonomy and typing UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/17860601?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologyb&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Clinical+Microbiology&rft.atitle=Random+Amplified+Polymorphic+DNA+Assay+as+a+Rapid+Tool+in+Screening+for+Neisseria+meningitidis+Serogroup+C+Isolates+of+Electrophoretic+Type+24&rft.au=Schmink%2C+S%3BReeves%2C+M+W%3BPlikaytis%2C+B%3BPopovic%2C+T&rft.aulast=Schmink&rft.aufirst=S&rft.date=2001-04-01&rft.volume=39&rft.issue=4&rft.spage=1622&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+Clinical+Microbiology&rft.issn=00951137&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Neisseria meningitidis; Random amplified polymorphic DNA; Meningitis; Bioassays; DNA ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Association of Tumor Necrosis Factor- alpha and Interleukin-1 Gene Polymorphisms with Silicosis AN - 17845650; 4873769 AB - Silicosis, an interstitial lung disease prevalent among miners, sand blasters, and quarry workers, is manifested as a chronic inflammatory response leading to severe pulmonary fibrotic changes. Proinflammatory cytokines, such as TNF alpha and IL-1, produced in the lung by type II epithelial cells and alveolar macrophages, have been strongly implicated in the formation of these lesions. Recently, a number of single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs), which quantitatively affect mRNA synthesis, have been identified in the TNF alpha promoter and IL-1 gene cluster and their frequency is associated with certain chronic inflammatory diseases. To assess the role of these SNPs in silicosis, we examined their frequency in 325 ex-miners with moderate and severe silicosis and 164 miners with no lung disease. The odds ratio of disease for carriers of the minor variant, TNF alpha (-238), was markedly higher for severe silicosis (4.0) and significantly lower for moderate silicosis (0.52). Regardless of disease severity, the odds ratios of disease for carriers of the IL-1RA (+2018) or TNF alpha (-308) variants were elevated. There were no significant consistent differences in the distribution of the IL-1 alpha (+4845) or IL-1 beta (+3953) variants with respect to disease status. In addition, several significant gene-gene and gene-gene-environment interactions were observed. Different associations between moderate cases and controls versus severe cases and controls were also observed in a number of these multigene comparisons. These studies suggest that gene-environment interactions involving cytokine polymorphisms play a significant role in silicosis by modifying the extent of and susceptibility to disease. Copyright 2001 Academic Press. JF - Toxicology and Applied Pharmacology AU - Yucesoy, B AU - Vallyathan, V AU - Landsittel, D P AU - Sharp, D S AU - Weston, A AU - Burleson, G R AU - Simeonova, P AU - Mckinstry, M AU - Luster, MI AD - Toxicology and Molecular Biology Branch, National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, 1095 Willowdale Road, Morgantown, 26505, West Virginia, yab7@cdc.gov Y1 - 2001/04/01/ PY - 2001 DA - 2001 Apr 01 SP - 75 EP - 82 PB - Academic Press VL - 172 IS - 1 SN - 0041-008X, 0041-008X KW - tumor necrosis factor- alpha KW - Toxicology Abstracts KW - tumor necrosis factor-^a KW - Genes KW - Silicosis KW - Interleukin 1 KW - Lung diseases KW - Cytokines KW - Mining KW - Inflammation KW - X 24152:Chronic exposure UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/17845650?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxicologyabstracts&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Toxicology+and+Applied+Pharmacology&rft.atitle=Association+of+Tumor+Necrosis+Factor-+alpha+and+Interleukin-1+Gene+Polymorphisms+with+Silicosis&rft.au=Yucesoy%2C+B%3BVallyathan%2C+V%3BLandsittel%2C+D+P%3BSharp%2C+D+S%3BWeston%2C+A%3BBurleson%2C+G+R%3BSimeonova%2C+P%3BMckinstry%2C+M%3BLuster%2C+MI&rft.aulast=Yucesoy&rft.aufirst=B&rft.date=2001-04-01&rft.volume=172&rft.issue=1&rft.spage=75&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Toxicology+and+Applied+Pharmacology&rft.issn=0041008X&rft_id=info:doi/10.1006%2Ftaap.2001.9124 LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Silicosis; Lung diseases; Inflammation; Cytokines; Mining; Genes; Interleukin 1 DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1006/taap.2001.9124 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Use of Pulsed-Field Gel Electrophoresis and Flagellin Gene Typing in Identifying Clonal Groups of Campylobacter jejuni and Campylobacter coli in Farm and Clinical Environments AN - 17839406; 4869223 AB - Although campylobacters have been isolated from a wide range of animal hosts, the association between campylobacters isolated from humans and animals in the farm environment is unclear. We used flagellin gene typing and pulsed-field gel electrophoresis (PFGE) to investigate the genetic diversity among isolates from animals (cattle, sheep, and turkey) in farm environments and sporadic cases of campylobacteriosis in the same geographical area. Forty-eight combined fla types were seen among the 315 Campylobacter isolates studied. Six were found in isolates from all four hosts and represented 50% of the total number of isolates. Seventy-one different SmaI PFGE macrorestriction profiles (mrps) were observed, with 86% of isolates assigned to one of 29 different mrps. Fifty- seven isolates from diverse hosts, times, and sources had an identical SmaI mrp and combined fla type. Conversely, a number of genotypes were unique to a particular host. We provide molecular evidence which suggests a link between campylobacters in the farm environment with those causing disease in the community. JF - Applied and Environmental Microbiology AU - Fitzgerald, C AU - Stanley, K AU - Andrew, S AU - Jones, K AD - Foodborne and Diarrheal Diseases Branch, Mailstop CO3, Division of Bacterial and Mycotic Diseases, National Center for Infectious Diseases, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA 30333., chf3@cdc.gov Y1 - 2001/04// PY - 2001 DA - Apr 2001 SP - 1429 EP - 1436 VL - 67 IS - 4 SN - 0099-2240, 0099-2240 KW - flagellin KW - Microbiology Abstracts A: Industrial & Applied Microbiology; Microbiology Abstracts B: Bacteriology KW - Genotyping KW - Campylobacter jejuni KW - Campylobacter coli KW - Flagellin KW - Gel electrophoresis KW - J 02710:Identification, taxonomy and typing KW - A 01116:Bacteria UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/17839406?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologyb&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Applied+and+Environmental+Microbiology&rft.atitle=Use+of+Pulsed-Field+Gel+Electrophoresis+and+Flagellin+Gene+Typing+in+Identifying+Clonal+Groups+of+Campylobacter+jejuni+and+Campylobacter+coli+in+Farm+and+Clinical+Environments&rft.au=Fitzgerald%2C+C%3BStanley%2C+K%3BAndrew%2C+S%3BJones%2C+K&rft.aulast=Fitzgerald&rft.aufirst=C&rft.date=2001-04-01&rft.volume=67&rft.issue=4&rft.spage=1429&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Applied+and+Environmental+Microbiology&rft.issn=00992240&rft_id=info:doi/10.1128%2FAEM.67.4.1429-1436.2001 LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Campylobacter jejuni; Campylobacter coli; Gel electrophoresis; Genotyping; Flagellin DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/AEM.67.4.1429-1436.2001 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Role of inflammation in chemical-induced hepatotoxicity. AN - 70798602; 11323190 AB - The liver, which is the major organ responsible for the metabolism of drugs and toxic chemicals, is also the primary target organ for many toxic chemicals. Increasing evidence has indicated that inflammatory processes are intimately involved in chemical-induced hepatotoxic processes, and like other inflammatory diseases, such as autoimmunity, are responsible for producing mediators that can effect liver damage or repair. This review will summarize our current understanding of how inflammatory processes influence hepatic pathology and repair following exposure to established hepatotoxic chemicals including carbon tetrachloride, an industrial chemical, and acetaminophen, a widely used analgesic. JF - Toxicology letters AU - Luster, M I AU - Simeonova, P P AU - Gallucci, R M AU - Bruccoleri, A AU - Blazka, M E AU - Yucesoy, B AD - Toxicology and Molecular Biology Branch, Health Effects Laboratory Division, National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, 1095 Willowdale Road, Mailstop 3014, Morgantown, WV 26505, USA. mluster@cdc.gov Y1 - 2001/03/31/ PY - 2001 DA - 2001 Mar 31 SP - 317 EP - 321 VL - 120 IS - 1-3 SN - 0378-4274, 0378-4274 KW - Proliferating Cell Nuclear Antigen KW - 0 KW - Receptors, Tumor Necrosis Factor KW - Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha KW - Index Medicus KW - Animals KW - Humans KW - Receptors, Tumor Necrosis Factor -- physiology KW - Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha -- physiology KW - Proliferating Cell Nuclear Antigen -- analysis KW - Mice KW - Inflammation -- physiopathology KW - Liver -- drug effects UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/70798602?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Toxicology+letters&rft.atitle=Role+of+inflammation+in+chemical-induced+hepatotoxicity.&rft.au=Luster%2C+M+I%3BSimeonova%2C+P+P%3BGallucci%2C+R+M%3BBruccoleri%2C+A%3BBlazka%2C+M+E%3BYucesoy%2C+B&rft.aulast=Luster&rft.aufirst=M&rft.date=2001-03-31&rft.volume=120&rft.issue=1-3&rft.spage=317&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Toxicology+letters&rft.issn=03784274&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 2001-05-17 N1 - Date created - 2001-04-27 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Induction of Activator Protein-1 through Reactive Oxygen Species by Crystalline Silica in JB6 Cells AN - 17816876; 4857472 AB - We reported previously that freshly fractured silica (FFSi) induces activator protein-1 (AP-1) activation through extracellular signal-regulated protein kinases (ERKs) and p38 kinase pathways. In the present study, the biologic activities of FFSi and aged silica (ASi) were compared by measuring their effects on the AP-1 activation and phosphorylation of ERKs and p38 kinase. The roles of reactive oxygen species (ROS) in this silica-induced AP-1 activation were also investigated. We found that FFSi-induced AP-1 activation was four times higher than that of ASi in JB6 cells. FFSi also caused greater phosphorylation of ERKs and p38 kinase than ASi. FFSi generated more ROS than ASi when incubated with the cells as measured by electron spin resonance (ESR). Studies using ROS-sensitive dyes and oxygen consumption support the conclusion that ROS are generated by silica-treated cells. N-Acetylcysteine (an antioxidant) and polyvinyl pyridine-N-oxide (an agent that binds to Si-OH groups on silica surfaces) decreased AP-1 activation and phosphorylation of ERKs and p38 kinase. Catalase inhibited phosphorylation of ERKs and p38 kinase, as well as AP-1 activation induced by FFSi, suggesting the involvement of H sub(2)O sub(2) in the mechanism of silica-induced AP-1 activation. Sodium formate (an super(.)OH scavenger) had no influence on silica-induced MAPKs or AP-1 activation. Superoxide dismutase enhanced both AP-1 and MAPKs activation, indicating that H sub(2)O sub(2), but not O sub(2), may play a critical role in silica-induced AP-1 activation. These studies indicate that freshly ground silica is more biologically active than aged silica and that ROS, in particular H sub(2)O sub(2), play a significant role in silica-induced AP-1 activation. JF - Journal of Biological Chemistry AU - Ding, M AU - Shi, X AU - Lu, Y AU - Huang, C AU - Leonard, S AU - Roberts, J AU - Antonini, J AU - Castranova, V AU - Vallyathan, V AD - Pathology and Physiology Research Branch, Health Effects Laboratory Division, National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, Morgantown, West Virginia 26505, vav1@cdc.gov Y1 - 2001/03/23/ PY - 2001 DA - 2001 Mar 23 SP - 9108 EP - 9114 VL - 276 IS - 12 SN - 0021-9258, 0021-9258 KW - JB6 cells KW - silica KW - activator protein-1 KW - Toxicology Abstracts KW - Oxygen KW - Free radicals KW - Silicon dioxide KW - X 24165:Biochemistry UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/17816876?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxicologyabstracts&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Biological+Chemistry&rft.atitle=Induction+of+Activator+Protein-1+through+Reactive+Oxygen+Species+by+Crystalline+Silica+in+JB6+Cells&rft.au=Ding%2C+M%3BShi%2C+X%3BLu%2C+Y%3BHuang%2C+C%3BLeonard%2C+S%3BRoberts%2C+J%3BAntonini%2C+J%3BCastranova%2C+V%3BVallyathan%2C+V&rft.aulast=Ding&rft.aufirst=M&rft.date=2001-03-23&rft.volume=276&rft.issue=12&rft.spage=9108&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+Biological+Chemistry&rft.issn=00219258&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Silicon dioxide; Oxygen; Free radicals ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Evaluation of a sensitive/less-sensitive testing algorithm using the 3A11-LS assay for detecting recent HIV seroconversion among individuals with HIV-1 subtype B or E infection in Thailand. AN - 77013787; 11282014 AB - The development of a serologic algorithm to determine recent HIV seroconversion, using sensitive/less-sensitive testing strategies, has generated widespread interest in applying this approach to estimate HIV-1 incidence in various populations around the world. To evaluate this approach in non-B subtypes, longitudinal specimens (n = 522) collected from 90 incident infections among injecting drug users in Bangkok (subtype B infection, n = 18; subtype E infection, n = 72) were tested by the 3A11-LS assay. Standardized optical density (SOD) was calculated, using median values, and the window period between seroconversion as determined by sensitive and less sensitive tests was estimated by a maximum-likelihood model described previously. Our results show that the mean window period of the 3A11-LS assay was 155 days (95% CI, 128-189 days) for subtype B but was 270 days (95% CI, 187-349 days) for subtype E specimens from Thailand. About 4% of individuals with incident subtype E infections remained below the threshold (SOD of 0.75), even 2 years after seroconversion. Among the patients with clinical AIDS and declining antibodies, none of the 7 individuals with subtype B, but 10 (8.7%) of 115 with subtype E infections, were misclassified as recent infections. Lowering the cutoff to an SOD of 0.45 for subtype E specimens resulted in a mean window period of 185 days (95% CI, 154-211 days), with all individuals seroconverting, and reduced the number of subtype E-infected patients with AIDS who were misclassified as having recent infection to 2.6%. Our results demonstrate that the 3A11-LS assay has different performance characteristics in detecting recent infections among individuals infected with subtypes B or E. Determining appropriate cutoffs and mean window periods for other HIV-1 subtypes will be necessary before this approach can be reliably implemented in settings where non-B subtypes are common. JF - AIDS research and human retroviruses AU - Parekh, B S AU - Hu, D J AU - Vanichseni, S AU - Satten, G A AU - Candal, D AU - Young, N L AU - Kitayaporn, D AU - Srisuwanvilai, L O AU - Rakhtam, S AU - Janssen, R AU - Choopanya, K AU - Mastro, T D AD - Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia 30333, USA. bprekh@cdc.gov Y1 - 2001/03/20/ PY - 2001 DA - 2001 Mar 20 SP - 453 EP - 458 VL - 17 IS - 5 SN - 0889-2229, 0889-2229 KW - Index Medicus KW - AIDS/HIV KW - Sensitivity and Specificity KW - Thailand KW - Humans KW - Adult KW - Substance Abuse, Intravenous -- complications KW - Longitudinal Studies KW - Time Factors KW - Immunophenotyping KW - Male KW - HIV-1 -- immunology KW - HIV Seropositivity -- diagnosis KW - HIV Infections -- immunology KW - Algorithms KW - Immunoassay KW - HIV-1 -- classification UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/77013787?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=AIDS+research+and+human+retroviruses&rft.atitle=Evaluation+of+a+sensitive%2Fless-sensitive+testing+algorithm+using+the+3A11-LS+assay+for+detecting+recent+HIV+seroconversion+among+individuals+with+HIV-1+subtype+B+or+E+infection+in+Thailand.&rft.au=Parekh%2C+B+S%3BHu%2C+D+J%3BVanichseni%2C+S%3BSatten%2C+G+A%3BCandal%2C+D%3BYoung%2C+N+L%3BKitayaporn%2C+D%3BSrisuwanvilai%2C+L+O%3BRakhtam%2C+S%3BJanssen%2C+R%3BChoopanya%2C+K%3BMastro%2C+T+D&rft.aulast=Parekh&rft.aufirst=B&rft.date=2001-03-20&rft.volume=17&rft.issue=5&rft.spage=453&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=AIDS+research+and+human+retroviruses&rft.issn=08892229&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 2001-06-14 N1 - Date created - 2001-04-03 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Sudden death in a traveler following halofantrine administration--Togo, 2000. AN - 70932569; 11393488 AB - On July 17, 2000, a previously healthy 22-year-old U.S. student collapsed and died suddenly while leading a teenage exchange group in West Africa. This report summarizes the results of the investigations of this incident, which implicate use of halofantrine for treatment of malaria as the cause of death. Travelers should be warned that halofantrine treatment may be dangerous in persons with cardiac abnormalities or in those taking mefloquine for malaria prophylaxis. JF - MMWR. Morbidity and mortality weekly report AU - Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) AD - Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) Y1 - 2001/03/09/ PY - 2001 DA - 2001 Mar 09 SP - 169 EP - 70, 179 VL - 50 IS - 9 SN - 0149-2195, 0149-2195 KW - Anti-Bacterial Agents KW - 0 KW - Antimalarials KW - Phenanthrenes KW - Erythromycin KW - 63937KV33D KW - Mefloquine KW - TML814419R KW - Index Medicus KW - Travel KW - Anti-Bacterial Agents -- therapeutic use KW - Drug Interactions KW - Erythromycin -- analogs & derivatives KW - Humans KW - Erythromycin -- therapeutic use KW - Mefloquine -- therapeutic use KW - Togo KW - Male KW - Death, Sudden -- etiology KW - Antimalarials -- adverse effects KW - Cardiomegaly -- complications KW - Phenanthrenes -- adverse effects UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/70932569?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=MMWR.+Morbidity+and+mortality+weekly+report&rft.atitle=Sudden+death+in+a+traveler+following+halofantrine+administration--Togo%2C+2000.&rft.au=Centers+for+Disease+Control+and+Prevention+%28CDC%29&rft.aulast=Centers+for+Disease+Control+and+Prevention+%28CDC%29&rft.aufirst=&rft.date=2001-03-09&rft.volume=50&rft.issue=9&rft.spage=169&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=MMWR.+Morbidity+and+mortality+weekly+report&rft.issn=01492195&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 2001-06-14 N1 - Date created - 2001-06-06 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Blood and hair mercury levels in young children and women of childbearing age--United States, 1999. AN - 70904035; 11393484 AB - Mercury (Hg), a heavy metal, is widespread and persistent in the environment. Exposure to hazardous Hg levels can cause permanent neurologic and kidney impairment. Elemental or inorganic Hg released into the air or water becomes methylated in the environment where it accumulates in animal tissues and increases in concentration through the food chain. The U.S. population primarily is exposed to methylmercury by eating fish. Methylmercury exposures to women of childbearing age are of great concern because a fetus is highly susceptible to adverse effects. This report presents preliminary estimates of blood and hair Hg levels from the 1999 National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES 1999) and compares them with a recent toxicologic review by the National Research Council (NRC). The findings suggest that Hg levels in young children and women of childbearing age generally are below those considered hazardous. These preliminary estimates show that approximately 10% of women have Hg levels within one tenth of potentially hazardous levels indicating a narrow margin of safety for some women and supporting efforts to reduce methylmercury exposure. JF - MMWR. Morbidity and mortality weekly report AU - Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) AD - Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) Y1 - 2001/03/02/ PY - 2001 DA - 2001 Mar 02 SP - 140 EP - 143 VL - 50 IS - 8 SN - 0149-2195, 0149-2195 KW - Methylmercury Compounds KW - 0 KW - Mercury KW - FXS1BY2PGL KW - Index Medicus KW - Mercury -- blood KW - Humans KW - Mercury -- analysis KW - Nutrition Surveys KW - Child KW - Child, Preschool KW - Infant KW - Hair -- chemistry KW - Adult KW - Middle Aged KW - Epidemiological Monitoring KW - Adolescent KW - United States -- epidemiology KW - Female KW - Male KW - Environmental Monitoring KW - Mercury Poisoning -- diagnosis KW - Mercury Poisoning -- epidemiology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/70904035?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=MMWR.+Morbidity+and+mortality+weekly+report&rft.atitle=Blood+and+hair+mercury+levels+in+young+children+and+women+of+childbearing+age--United+States%2C+1999.&rft.au=Centers+for+Disease+Control+and+Prevention+%28CDC%29&rft.aulast=Centers+for+Disease+Control+and+Prevention+%28CDC%29&rft.aufirst=&rft.date=2001-03-02&rft.volume=50&rft.issue=8&rft.spage=140&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=MMWR.+Morbidity+and+mortality+weekly+report&rft.issn=01492195&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 2001-06-14 N1 - Date created - 2001-06-06 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Acceptability of short-course rifampin and pyrazinamide treatment of latent tuberculosis infection among jail inmates. AN - 76958733; 11243965 AB - To determine whether short-course treatment of latent tuberculosis infection (LTBI) with 2 months of rifampin and pyrazinamide (2RZ) is well tolerated and leads to increased treatment completion among jail inmates, a group who may benefit from targeted testing and treatment for LTBI but for whom completion of > or = 6 months of isoniazid treatment is difficult because of the short duration of incarceration. Prospective cohort. Large, urban county jail. All inmates admitted to the Fulton County Jail who had positive tuberculin skin test results, normal findings on chest radiography, and expected duration of incarceration of at least 60 days. Inmates were offered 2RZ via daily directly observed therapy for 60 doses as an alternative to isoniazid therapy. We measured the completion of 2RZ treatment and toxicity due to 2RZ treatment during incarceration. From December 14, 1998, through December 13, 1999, 1,360 new inmates had positive tuberculin skin test results and normal findings on chest radiography, and 168 new inmates had an expected duration of incarceration of > or = 60 days. One hundred sixty-six inmates (> 99%) were HIV-negative. Eighty-one inmates (48%) completed 60 doses of 2RZ treatment while incarcerated. Seventy-four inmates (44%) were released before completion. Treatment was stopped in 1 inmate ( or = 10 times normal) and in 12 inmates (7%) for minor complaints. Twenty-one inmates had completed isoniazid treatment in the year before the availability of 2RZ, and 9 inmates completed isoniazid treatment in the year during the availability of 2RZ. 2RZ was acceptable to and well tolerated by inmates, and led to a marked increase in the number of inmates completing treatment of LTBI during incarceration. JF - Chest AU - Bock, N N AU - Rogers, T AU - Tapia, J R AU - Herron, G D AU - DeVoe, B AU - Geiter, L J AD - Research and Evaluation Branch, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA 30333, USA. neb2@cdc.gov Y1 - 2001/03// PY - 2001 DA - March 2001 SP - 833 EP - 837 VL - 119 IS - 3 SN - 0012-3692, 0012-3692 KW - Antitubercular Agents KW - 0 KW - Pyrazinamide KW - 2KNI5N06TI KW - Rifampin KW - VJT6J7R4TR KW - Abridged Index Medicus KW - Index Medicus KW - Drug Therapy, Combination KW - Prospective Studies KW - Georgia -- epidemiology KW - Humans KW - Cohort Studies KW - Adult KW - Tuberculin Test KW - Time Factors KW - Male KW - Female KW - Prisons KW - Pyrazinamide -- therapeutic use KW - Tuberculosis -- drug therapy KW - Rifampin -- therapeutic use KW - Tuberculosis -- epidemiology KW - Prisoners KW - Antitubercular Agents -- therapeutic use UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/76958733?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Chest&rft.atitle=Acceptability+of+short-course+rifampin+and+pyrazinamide+treatment+of+latent+tuberculosis+infection+among+jail+inmates.&rft.au=Bock%2C+N+N%3BRogers%2C+T%3BTapia%2C+J+R%3BHerron%2C+G+D%3BDeVoe%2C+B%3BGeiter%2C+L+J&rft.aulast=Bock&rft.aufirst=N&rft.date=2001-03-01&rft.volume=119&rft.issue=3&rft.spage=833&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Chest&rft.issn=00123692&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 2001-04-19 N1 - Date created - 2001-03-13 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - SuppNotes - Comment In: Chest. 2001 Mar;119(3):681-3 [11243941] N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Linear and non-linear analysis of atrial signals and local activation period series during atrial-fibrillation episodes AN - 754881654; 13407051 AB - Linear and non-linear indexes for the characterisation of the dynamics in atrial signals (AS) and local atrial period (LAP) series are assessed in different atrial fibrillation (AF) episodes as defined by Wells. Parameters include the linear index obtained from the cross-correlation function (CCF) between ASs and the non-linear synchronisation (S) index based on the mutual corrected conditional entropy (MCCE). Regularity (R) was computed on single-lead AS. In addition, the level of predictability (LP) and the regularity of LAP series were computed. It was found that the level of synchronisation between ASs decreased passing from type-I to type-II AF when using linear (CCF: 0.90c0.10 against 0.44c0.18; p<0.001) and non-linear (S: 0.22c0.10 against 0.05c0.03; p<0.001) indexes. The regularity index (in normal sinus rhythm (NSR): 0.30c0.08; in AF-I: 0.19c0.10; in AF-II: 0.09c0.02; NSR against AF-I p<0.001; AF-I against AF-II p<0.001) and level of predictability (in NSR: 65c18; in AF-I: 27c13; in AF-II 7c6; NSR against AF-I p<0.001; AF-I against AF-II p<0.001) significantly decreased in the LAP series passing from NSR to AF-II. The proposed parameters succeeded in discriminating the different dynamics which characterised AS and LAP series during different kinds of AF episodes. JF - Medical & Biological Engineering & Computing AU - Mainardi, L T AU - Porta, A AU - Calcagnini, G AU - Bartolini, P AU - Michelucci, A AU - Cerutti, S AD - Department of Biomedical Eng., Polytechnic University of Milan, Italy, mainardi@cdc8g5.cdc.polimi.it Y1 - 2001/03// PY - 2001 DA - Mar 2001 SP - 249 EP - 254 PB - Institution of Electrical Engineers, Savoy Pl. London WC2R 0BL UK VL - 39 IS - 2 SN - 0140-0118, 0140-0118 KW - Biotechnology and Bioengineering Abstracts KW - Fibrillation KW - Sinus KW - Rhythms KW - Entropy KW - W 30965:Miscellaneous, Reviews UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/754881654?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Abiotechresearch&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Medical+%26+Biological+Engineering+%26+Computing&rft.atitle=Linear+and+non-linear+analysis+of+atrial+signals+and+local+activation+period+series+during+atrial-fibrillation+episodes&rft.au=Mainardi%2C+L+T%3BPorta%2C+A%3BCalcagnini%2C+G%3BBartolini%2C+P%3BMichelucci%2C+A%3BCerutti%2C+S&rft.aulast=Mainardi&rft.aufirst=L&rft.date=2001-03-01&rft.volume=39&rft.issue=2&rft.spage=249&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Medical+%26+Biological+Engineering+%26+Computing&rft.issn=01400118&rft_id=info:doi/10.1007%2FBF02344809 LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2010-09-01 N1 - Last updated - 2015-03-19 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Fibrillation; Rhythms; Sinus; Entropy DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02344809 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Carcinogenic effects of polychlorinated biphenyls. AN - 71326902; 12117297 AB - As part of its mandate, the Agency for Toxic Substances and Disease Registry (ATSDR) prepares toxicological profiles on hazardous chemicals found at Comprehensive Environmental Response, Compensation, and Liability Act (CERCLA) National Priorities List (NPL) sites that have the greatest public health impact. These profiles comprehensively summarize toxicological and environmental information. This article constitutes the release of an important section of the Toxicological profile for polychlorinated biphenyls [ATSDR. 2000: Toxicological profile for polychlorinated biphenyls. Atlanta, GA: US Department of Health and Human Services, Agency for Toxic Substances and Disease Registry.] into the scientific literature. This article focuses on the carcinogenic effects of this group of synthetic organic chemicals (polychlorinated biphenyls) in humans and animals. Information on other health effects, toxicokinetics, mechanisms of toxicity, biomarkers, interactions, chemical and physical properties, potential for human exposure, and regulations and advisories is detailed in the profile. JF - Toxicology and industrial health AU - Faroon, O M AU - Keith, S AU - Jones, D AU - De Rosa, C AD - Agency for Toxic Substances and Disease Registry, US Department of Health and Human Services, Atlanta, Georgia 30333, USA. oxs0@cdc.gov Y1 - 2001/03// PY - 2001 DA - March 2001 SP - 41 EP - 62 VL - 17 IS - 2 SN - 0748-2337, 0748-2337 KW - Carcinogens, Environmental KW - 0 KW - Polychlorinated Biphenyls KW - DFC2HB4I0K KW - Index Medicus KW - Rats KW - Animals KW - Humans KW - Fishes KW - Food Contamination KW - Carcinogenicity Tests -- methods KW - Occupational Exposure -- adverse effects KW - Mice KW - Environmental Exposure -- adverse effects KW - Male KW - Female KW - Environmental Monitoring -- methods KW - Carcinogens, Environmental -- adverse effects KW - Polychlorinated Biphenyls -- toxicity KW - Neoplasms -- chemically induced KW - Carcinogens, Environmental -- toxicity KW - Polychlorinated Biphenyls -- adverse effects UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/71326902?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Toxicology+and+industrial+health&rft.atitle=Carcinogenic+effects+of+polychlorinated+biphenyls.&rft.au=Faroon%2C+O+M%3BKeith%2C+S%3BJones%2C+D%3BDe+Rosa%2C+C&rft.aulast=Faroon&rft.aufirst=O&rft.date=2001-03-01&rft.volume=17&rft.issue=2&rft.spage=41&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Toxicology+and+industrial+health&rft.issn=07482337&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 2002-07-31 N1 - Date created - 2002-07-15 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Prevalence and risk factors of tendinitis and related disorders of the distal upper extremity among U.S. workers: comparison to carpal tunnel syndrome. AN - 70672865; 11241566 AB - National estimates of tendinitis and related disorders of the distal upper extremity among U.S. workers have not been available with the exception of carpal tunnel syndrome. The Occupational Health Supplement Data of the 1988 National Health Interview Survey were analyzed for tendinitis and related disorders of the hand/wrist and elbow (distal upper extremity) using the Survey Data Analysis (SUDAAN) software. Among the 30,074 respondents (statistically weighted population of 127 million) who had worked anytime during the previous 12 months, 0.46% (95% CI: 0.36, 0.56) reported that they experienced a "prolonged" hand discomfort which was called tendinitis, synovitis, tenosynovitis, deQuervain's disease, epicondylitis, ganglion cyst, or trigger finger, by a medical person. This corresponds to 588,000 persons (95% CI: 457,000; 712,000) reporting one of these disorders, 28% (or 164,000) of which were thought to be work-related by the medical person. Among various risk factors examined by multiple logistic regression analysis, bending/twisting of the hands/wrists at work and female gender were significantly associated with reporting of these disorders. By combining these cases with the previously reported cases of work-related carpal tunnel syndrome, we estimate that there were approximately 520,000 cases of work-related musculoskeletal disorders of the distal upper extremity among US workers in 1988. JF - American journal of industrial medicine AU - Tanaka, S AU - Petersen, M AU - Cameron, L AD - Division of Surveillance, Hazard Evaluations, and Field Studies, National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, U.S. Public Health Service, Cincinnati, Ohio 45226, USA. sxt16@cdc.gov Y1 - 2001/03// PY - 2001 DA - March 2001 SP - 328 EP - 335 VL - 39 IS - 3 SN - 0271-3586, 0271-3586 KW - Index Medicus KW - Sex Factors KW - Risk Factors KW - Humans KW - Adult KW - Aged KW - Middle Aged KW - Adolescent KW - United States -- epidemiology KW - Male KW - Female KW - Arm Injuries -- epidemiology KW - Carpal Tunnel Syndrome -- epidemiology KW - Tendinopathy -- epidemiology KW - Occupational Diseases -- epidemiology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/70672865?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=American+journal+of+industrial+medicine&rft.atitle=Prevalence+and+risk+factors+of+tendinitis+and+related+disorders+of+the+distal+upper+extremity+among+U.S.+workers%3A+comparison+to+carpal+tunnel+syndrome.&rft.au=Tanaka%2C+S%3BPetersen%2C+M%3BCameron%2C+L&rft.aulast=Tanaka&rft.aufirst=S&rft.date=2001-03-01&rft.volume=39&rft.issue=3&rft.spage=328&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=American+journal+of+industrial+medicine&rft.issn=02713586&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 2001-05-31 N1 - Date created - 2001-03-12 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - The changing epidemiology of salmonella: trends in serotypes isolated from humans in the United States, 1987-1997. AN - 70614376; 11181152 AB - Salmonellosis is a major cause of illness in the United States. To highlight recent trends, data for 1987-1997 from the National Salmonella Surveillance System were analyzed. A total of 441,863 Salmonella isolates were reported, with the highest age-specific rate among infants (159/100,000 infants at 2 months). Annual isolation rates decreased from 19 to 13/100,000 persons; however, trends varied by serotype. The isolation rate of Salmonella serotype Enteritidis increased until 1996, whereas declines were noted in Salmonella serotypes Hadar and Heidelberg. Overall, serotypes that increased in frequency were significantly more likely than those that decreased to be associated with reptiles (P=.008). Salmonella infections continue to be an important cause of illness, especially among infants. Recent declines in food-associated serotypes may reflect changes in the meat, poultry, and egg industries that preceded or anticipated the 1996 implementation of pathogen-reduction programs. Additional educational efforts are needed to control the emergence of reptile-associated salmonellosis. JF - The Journal of infectious diseases AU - Olsen, S J AU - Bishop, R AU - Brenner, F W AU - Roels, T H AU - Bean, N AU - Tauxe, R V AU - Slutsker, L AD - Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Foodborne and Diarrheal Diseases Branch, 1600 Clifton Road, Atlanta, GA 30333, USA. sco2@cdc.gov Y1 - 2001/03/01/ PY - 2001 DA - 2001 Mar 01 SP - 753 EP - 761 VL - 183 IS - 5 SN - 0022-1899, 0022-1899 KW - Abridged Index Medicus KW - Index Medicus KW - Reptiles -- microbiology KW - Animals KW - Age Factors KW - Sex Factors KW - Humans KW - Serotyping KW - Salmonella Food Poisoning -- epidemiology KW - Aged KW - Child KW - Salmonella Food Poisoning -- microbiology KW - Disease Outbreaks KW - Child, Preschool KW - Infant KW - Aged, 80 and over KW - Seasons KW - Adult KW - Incidence KW - Middle Aged KW - Adolescent KW - United States -- epidemiology KW - Male KW - Female KW - Salmonella Infections -- prevention & control KW - Salmonella -- isolation & purification KW - Salmonella Infections -- microbiology KW - Salmonella -- classification KW - Salmonella Infections -- epidemiology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/70614376?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Journal+of+infectious+diseases&rft.atitle=The+changing+epidemiology+of+salmonella%3A+trends+in+serotypes+isolated+from+humans+in+the+United+States%2C+1987-1997.&rft.au=Olsen%2C+S+J%3BBishop%2C+R%3BBrenner%2C+F+W%3BRoels%2C+T+H%3BBean%2C+N%3BTauxe%2C+R+V%3BSlutsker%2C+L&rft.aulast=Olsen&rft.aufirst=S&rft.date=2001-03-01&rft.volume=183&rft.issue=5&rft.spage=753&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=The+Journal+of+infectious+diseases&rft.issn=00221899&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 2001-03-29 N1 - Date created - 2001-02-22 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Needs Assessment of the Displaced Population following the August 1999 Earthquake in Turkey AN - 60431044; 200210579 AB - In Aug 1999, a major earthquake struck northwestern Turkey. An assessment followed to identify the immediate needs of the displaced population. A random cluster sample of displaced families living in temporary shelter outside of organized relief camps was designed. Representatives of 230 households from the four communities worst affected by the earthquake were interviewed. Most families lived in makeshift shelters (84%), used bottled water (91%), obtained food from relief organizations (61%), had access to latrines (90%), had a member on routine medication (53%), & obtained information by word of mouth (81%). Many respondents reported having family members who were age 65+ (32%) or under age three (20%), who were pregnant (6%), or who had been ill since the earthquake (64%). The greatest immediate need reported by most families was shelter requirements (37%), followed by food (23%), & hygiene requirements (19%). Ten days after the earthquake, basic environmental health needs of food, shelter, & hygiene still predominated in this displaced population. Significant portions may have special needs due to age or illness. 1 Table, 2 Figures, 15 References. Adapted from the source document. JF - Disasters AU - Daley, W Randolph AU - Karpati, Adam AU - Sheik, Mani AD - Division Environmental Hazards & Health Effect, Health Studies Branch, National Center Environmental Health, Centers Disease Control & Prevention, Atlanta, GA wdaley@cdc.gov Y1 - 2001/03// PY - 2001 DA - March 2001 SP - 67 EP - 75 VL - 25 IS - 1 SN - 0361-3666, 0361-3666 KW - Disaster Relief KW - Relocation KW - Turkey KW - Natural Disasters KW - Needs Assessment KW - article KW - 2681: environmental interactions; disaster studies UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/60431044?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Asocabs&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Disasters&rft.atitle=Needs+Assessment+of+the+Displaced+Population+following+the+August+1999+Earthquake+in+Turkey&rft.au=Daley%2C+W+Randolph%3BKarpati%2C+Adam%3BSheik%2C+Mani&rft.aulast=Daley&rft.aufirst=W&rft.date=2001-03-01&rft.volume=25&rft.issue=1&rft.spage=67&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Disasters&rft.issn=03613666&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - Sociological Abstracts N1 - Date revised - 2007-04-01 N1 - Last updated - 2016-09-28 N1 - CODEN - DISADE N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Natural Disasters; Turkey; Disaster Relief; Relocation; Needs Assessment ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Rapid Declines in FEV sub(1) and Subsequent Respiratory Symptoms, Illnesses, and Mortality in Coal Miners in the United States AN - 17880816; 5127764 AB - Coal mine dust exposure is associated with accelerated loss of lung function. We assessed long-term health outcomes in two groups of underground coal miners who during previous mine surveys had shown either high rates of FEV sub(1) decline (cases, n = 310) or relatively stable lung function (referents, n = 324). Cases and referents were matched initially for age, height, smoking status, and FEV sub(1). We determined vital status for 561 miners, and obtained a follow-up questionnaire for 121 cases and 143 referents. Responses on the follow-up questionnaire were compared with those on the last previous mine health survey questionnaire. Cases showed a greater incidence of symptoms than did referents for cough, phlegm production, Grades II and III dyspnea, and wheezing, and greater incidences than referents of chronic bronchitis and self-reported asthma and emphysema. More cases than referents (15% versus 4%) left mining before retirement because of chest illnesses. After controls were applied for age and smoking, cases had twice the risk of dying of cardiovascular and nonmalignant respiratory diseases and a 3.2-fold greater risk of dying of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease than did referents. Rapid declines in FEV sub(1) experienced by some coal miners are associated with subsequent increases in respiratory symptoms, illnesses, and mortality from cardiovascular and nonmalignant respiratory diseases. JF - American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine AU - Beeckman, L-AF AU - Wang, M-L AU - Petsonk, EL AU - Wagner, G R AD - National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health 1095 Willowdale Road, M/S 2800.4, Morgantown, WV 26505-2888, USA, LBeeckman@cdc.gov Y1 - 2001/03// PY - 2001 DA - Mar 2001 SP - 633 EP - 639 VL - 163 IS - 3 SN - 1073-449X, 1073-449X KW - man KW - USA KW - respiratory tract diseases KW - Toxicology Abstracts; Health & Safety Science Abstracts; Pollution Abstracts KW - Coal KW - Dust KW - Respiratory function KW - Occupational exposure KW - Mortality KW - Lung diseases KW - Mining KW - H 1000:Occupational Safety and Health KW - P 6000:TOXICOLOGY AND HEALTH KW - X 24152:Chronic exposure UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/17880816?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxicologyabstracts&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=American+Journal+of+Respiratory+and+Critical+Care+Medicine&rft.atitle=Rapid+Declines+in+FEV+sub%281%29+and+Subsequent+Respiratory+Symptoms%2C+Illnesses%2C+and+Mortality+in+Coal+Miners+in+the+United+States&rft.au=Beeckman%2C+L-AF%3BWang%2C+M-L%3BPetsonk%2C+EL%3BWagner%2C+G+R&rft.aulast=Beeckman&rft.aufirst=L-AF&rft.date=2001-03-01&rft.volume=163&rft.issue=3&rft.spage=633&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=American+Journal+of+Respiratory+and+Critical+Care+Medicine&rft.issn=1073449X&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Coal; Mining; Dust; Occupational exposure; Mortality; Lung diseases; Respiratory function ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Chronic Mercury Exposure Examined With a Computer-Based Tremor System AN - 17879441; 5113302 AB - Tremor is being increasingly evaluated by quantitative computer-based systems to differentiate its causes. In this study, a group of mercury-exposed workers were assessed to determine whether tremor characteristics differed by exposure level. Workers were classified into two groups: those with an average urine mercury concentration below the American Conference of Government Industrial Hygienist Biological Exposure Index of 35 mu g/g creatinine, and those with an average urine mercury concentration above the Biological Exposure Index. Tremor characteristics (including intensity, harmonic index, center frequency, standard deviation of the center frequency, and tremor index) were measured and recorded with a computer-based tremor system. Sixteen of 17 workers who were potentially exposed to mercury participated in the study. Three workers had a mean urine mercury concentration of 27.0 mu g/g-creatinine and were assigned to the low-exposure group, and 13 workers had a mean urine mercury concentration of 200.2 mu g/g-creatinine and were assigned to the high-exposure group. There was a statistically significant difference in the tremor index (which compiles five individual tremor parameters into a single value) between the two groups (P = 0.04; Wilcoxon's rank sum test). Other tremor characteristics did not differ significantly between the groups. Tremor index may be more useful than measures of individual tremor parameters in differentiating normal from subclinical pathological tremors among groups of workers with chronic mercury exposure. JF - Journal of Occupational and Environmental Medicine AU - McCullough, JE AU - Dick, R AU - Rutchik, J AD - 4676 Columbia Parkway, Mailstop R-10, Cincinnati, OH 45226, USA, zzm3@cdc.gov Y1 - 2001/03// PY - 2001 DA - Mar 2001 SP - 295 EP - 300 VL - 43 IS - 3 SN - 1076-2752, 1076-2752 KW - diagnosis KW - tremor KW - Toxicology Abstracts; Health & Safety Science Abstracts KW - Bioindicators KW - Heavy metals KW - Computer applications KW - Mercury KW - Occupational exposure KW - H 1000:Occupational Safety and Health KW - X 24162:Chronic exposure UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/17879441?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxicologyabstracts&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Occupational+and+Environmental+Medicine&rft.atitle=Chronic+Mercury+Exposure+Examined+With+a+Computer-Based+Tremor+System&rft.au=McCullough%2C+JE%3BDick%2C+R%3BRutchik%2C+J&rft.aulast=McCullough&rft.aufirst=JE&rft.date=2001-03-01&rft.volume=43&rft.issue=3&rft.spage=295&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+Occupational+and+Environmental+Medicine&rft.issn=10762752&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Occupational exposure; Mercury; Bioindicators; Computer applications; Heavy metals ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Polymorphisms of the IL-1 gene complex in coal miners with silicosis AN - 17870917; 5112010 AB - Silicosis is characterized by fibrosing nodular lesions that eventually develop into progressive pulmonary fibrosis. Pro-inflammatory cytokines, such as interleukin-1 (IL-1), play a key role in the development of silicosis by regulating mediators which are responsible for lung injury, inflammation, and potentially fibrosis. To study whether functional single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) located in the regulatory elements of genes coding for the IL-1 alpha , IL-1 beta , and IL-1 receptor antagonist (RA) cytokines are associated with silicosis, we examined 318 Caucasian cases confirmed histopathologically with pulmonary silicosis and 163 controls without any apparent inflammation or other pulmonary disease. Genotyping was carried out by polymerase chain reaction-restriction fragment length polymorphism technique. The proportion of the IL-1RA (+ 2018) allele 2 genotype was increased in miners with silicosis (0.27) compared to controls (0.16). The odds of being a case were 2.15 (CI = 1.4-3.3) times higher for subjects with at least one copy of allele 2. No statistically significant differences in the allelic frequencies or genotype distributions for IL-1 alpha (+ 4845) or IL-1 beta (+ 3953) were found between the control and disease groups. This is the first report showing an association between the IL-1RA (+ 2018) polymorphism and silicosis, and suggests that this polymorphism may confer increased risk for the development of the disease. JF - American Journal of Industrial Medicine AU - Yucesoy, B AU - Vallyathan, V AU - Landsittel, D P AU - Sharp, D S AU - Matheson, J AU - Burleson, F AU - Luster, MI AD - Toxicology and Molecular Biology Branch, Health Effects Laboratory Division, National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, 1095 Willowdale Rd, Morgantown, WV 26505, USA, mluster@cdc.gov Y1 - 2001/03// PY - 2001 DA - Mar 2001 SP - 286 EP - 291 VL - 39 IS - 3 SN - 0271-3586, 0271-3586 KW - man KW - Toxicology Abstracts KW - Silicosis KW - Occupational hazards KW - Interleukin 1 KW - Polymorphism KW - Mining KW - Coal KW - X 24155:Biochemistry UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/17870917?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxicologyabstracts&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=American+Journal+of+Industrial+Medicine&rft.atitle=Polymorphisms+of+the+IL-1+gene+complex+in+coal+miners+with+silicosis&rft.au=Yucesoy%2C+B%3BVallyathan%2C+V%3BLandsittel%2C+D+P%3BSharp%2C+D+S%3BMatheson%2C+J%3BBurleson%2C+F%3BLuster%2C+MI&rft.aulast=Yucesoy&rft.aufirst=B&rft.date=2001-03-01&rft.volume=39&rft.issue=3&rft.spage=286&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=American+Journal+of+Industrial+Medicine&rft.issn=02713586&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Polymorphism; Interleukin 1; Occupational hazards; Coal; Mining; Silicosis ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Identifying high-risk small business industries for occupational safety and health interventions AN - 17869672; 5112012 AB - Background: Approximately one-third (32%) of U.S. workers are employed in small business industries (those with 80% of workers in establishments with fewer than 100 employees), and approximately 53 million persons in private industry work in small business establishments. This study was performed to identify small business industries at high risk for occupational injuries, illnesses, and fatalities. Methods: Small business industries were identified from among all three- and four-digit Standard Industrial Classification (SIC) codes and ranked using Bureau of Labor Statistics (BLS) data by rates and numbers of occupational injuries, illnesses, and fatalities. Both incidence rates and number of injury, illness, and fatality cases were evaluated. Results: The 253 small business industries identified accounted for 1,568 work-related fatalities (34% of all private industry). Transportation incidents and violent acts were the leading causes of these fatalities. Detailed injury and illness data were available for 105 small business industries, that accounted for 1,476,400 work-related injuries, and 55,850 occupational illnesses. Many of the small business industries had morbidity and mortality rates exceeding the average rates for all private industry. The highest risk small business industries, based on a combined morbidity and mortality index, included logging, cut stone and stone products, truck terminals, and roofing, siding, and sheet metal work. Conclusions: Identification of high-risk small business industries indicates priorities for those interested in developing targeted prevention programs. JF - American Journal of Industrial Medicine AU - Okun, A AU - Lentz, T J AU - Schulte, P AU - Stayner, L AD - National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, Education and Information Division, MS-C14, 4676 Columbia Parkway, Cincinnati, OH 45226, USA, aho1@cdc.gov Y1 - 2001/03// PY - 2001 DA - Mar 2001 SP - 301 EP - 311 VL - 39 IS - 3 SN - 0271-3586, 0271-3586 KW - business size KW - Risk Abstracts; Health & Safety Science Abstracts KW - Injuries KW - Occupational safety KW - Accidents KW - Transportation KW - Violence KW - Occupational health KW - R2 23080:Industrial and labor KW - H 1000:Occupational Safety and Health UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/17869672?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Ariskabstracts&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=American+Journal+of+Industrial+Medicine&rft.atitle=Identifying+high-risk+small+business+industries+for+occupational+safety+and+health+interventions&rft.au=Okun%2C+A%3BLentz%2C+T+J%3BSchulte%2C+P%3BStayner%2C+L&rft.aulast=Okun&rft.aufirst=A&rft.date=2001-03-01&rft.volume=39&rft.issue=3&rft.spage=301&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=American+Journal+of+Industrial+Medicine&rft.issn=02713586&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Occupational safety; Occupational health; Accidents; Injuries; Violence; Transportation ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Reverse dot blot assay (insertion site typing) for precise detection of sites of IS6110 insertion in the Mycobacterium tuberculosis genome AN - 17863948; 4884241 AB - We have developed an amplification-based reverse dot blot assay for the detection of specific sites of insertion of the Mycobacterium tuberculosis insertion sequence IS6110. In this assay, a set of biotin-labeled amplicons representing the various copies of IS6110 and their flanking sequences is generated by linker-mediated PCR. The amplicons are then hybridized to immobilized oligonucleotide probes that are specific for known IS6110 insertion sites. The method was evaluated using an array of oligonucleotide probes corresponding to IS6110 insertion sites from M. tuberculosis strains CDC1551, Erdman, and H37Rv, and multidrug-resistant strain W. A set of 72 DNA samples from 60 M. tuberculosis clinical isolates was analyzed for the presence or absence of these insertion sites, and the assay was found to be highly reproducible. This method of identifying insertion sites has been named 'insite' and can be used for the genotyping of M. tuberculosis complex strains based on IS6110 insertion site profiles. JF - Journal of Clinical Microbiology AU - Steinlein, L M AU - Crawford, J T AD - Mailstop F08, NCID/DASTLR, CDC, 1600 Clifton Dr., Atlanta, GA 30333, USA, JCrawford@cdc.gov Y1 - 2001/03// PY - 2001 DA - Mar 2001 SP - 871 EP - 878 VL - 39 IS - 3 SN - 0095-1137, 0095-1137 KW - Insertion sequence IS6110 KW - Microbiology Abstracts B: Bacteriology KW - Genotyping KW - Polymerase chain reaction KW - Flanking region KW - Hybridization analysis KW - Mycobacterium tuberculosis KW - J 02740:Genetics and evolution UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/17863948?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologyb&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Clinical+Microbiology&rft.atitle=Reverse+dot+blot+assay+%28insertion+site+typing%29+for+precise+detection+of+sites+of+IS6110+insertion+in+the+Mycobacterium+tuberculosis+genome&rft.au=Steinlein%2C+L+M%3BCrawford%2C+J+T&rft.aulast=Steinlein&rft.aufirst=L&rft.date=2001-03-01&rft.volume=39&rft.issue=3&rft.spage=871&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+Clinical+Microbiology&rft.issn=00951137&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Mycobacterium tuberculosis; Flanking region; Polymerase chain reaction; Hybridization analysis; Genotyping ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Blood-borne and sexual transmission of human herpesvirus 8 in women with or at risk for human immunodeficiency virus infection AN - 17835077; 4868786 AB - Human herpesvirus 8 (HHV-8), the causal agent of Kaposi's sarcoma, is transmitted sexually among homosexual men, but little is known of its transmission among women. Although HHV-8 has been detected in blood, there has been no clear evidence of blood-borne transmission. We identified risk factors for HHV-8 infection in 1295 women in Baltimore, Detroit, New York, and Providence, Rhode Island, who reported high-risk sexual behavior or drug use. HHV-8 serologic studies were performed with two enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays. In univariate analyses, HHV-8 was associated with black race, Hispanic ethnic background, a lower level of education, and infection with syphilis, the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV), hepatitis B virus (HBV), or hepatitis C virus (HCV). The risk of seropositivity for HHV-8 increased with the frequency of injection-drug use (P<0.001); HHV-8 seroprevalence among the women who used drugs daily was three times that among women who never injected drugs. Among the women with a low risk of sexual transmission, HHV-8 seroprevalence was 0 percent in those who had never injected drugs and 36 percent in those who had injected drugs (P<0.001). However, injection-drug use was linked less strongly to HHV-8 infection than to infection with HBV or HCV. In a multivariate analysis, independent predictors of HHV-8 seropositivity included HIV infection (odds ratio, 1.6; 95 percent confidence interval, 1.1 to 2.2), syphilis infection (odds ratio, 1.8; 95 percent confidence interval, 1.1 to 2.8), and daily injection-drug use (odds ratio, 3.2; 95 percent confidence interval, 1.4 to 7.6). Both injection-drug use and correlates of sexual activity were risk factors for HHV-8 infection in the women studied. The independent association of HHV-8 infection with injection-drug use suggests that HHV-8 is transmitted through needle sharing, albeit less efficiently than HBV, HCV, or HIV. JF - New England Journal of Medicine AU - Cannon, MJ AU - Dollard, S C AU - Smith, D K AU - Klein, R S AU - Schuman, P AU - Rich, J D AU - Vlahov, D AU - Pellett, P E AD - Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, 1600 Clifton Rd., Mailstop G18, Atlanta, GA 30333, USA, ppellett@cdc.gov Y1 - 2001/03/01/ PY - 2001 DA - 2001 Mar 01 SP - 637 EP - 643 VL - 344 IS - 9 SN - 0028-4793, 0028-4793 KW - blood-borne transmission KW - USA, Maryland, Baltimore KW - USA, Rhode Island, Providence KW - USA, Michigan, Detroit KW - USA, New York KW - disease transmission KW - drug abuse KW - hepatitis B KW - hepatitis C KW - human herpesvirus 8 KW - sexual behavior KW - syphilis KW - Risk Abstracts; Virology & AIDS Abstracts KW - Acquired immune deficiency syndrome KW - Hepatitis B virus KW - Human herpesvirus 8 KW - Drug abuse KW - Serology KW - Sexual behavior KW - Blood KW - Kaposi's sarcoma KW - Hepatitis C virus KW - Human immunodeficiency virus KW - Risk factors KW - Females KW - Syphilis KW - Ethnic groups KW - V 22123:Epidemiology KW - R2 23060:Medical and environmental health UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/17835077?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Ariskabstracts&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=New+England+Journal+of+Medicine&rft.atitle=Blood-borne+and+sexual+transmission+of+human+herpesvirus+8+in+women+with+or+at+risk+for+human+immunodeficiency+virus+infection&rft.au=Cannon%2C+MJ%3BDollard%2C+S+C%3BSmith%2C+D+K%3BKlein%2C+R+S%3BSchuman%2C+P%3BRich%2C+J+D%3BVlahov%2C+D%3BPellett%2C+P+E&rft.aulast=Cannon&rft.aufirst=MJ&rft.date=2001-03-01&rft.volume=344&rft.issue=9&rft.spage=637&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=New+England+Journal+of+Medicine&rft.issn=00284793&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Hepatitis C virus; Hepatitis B virus; Human herpesvirus 8; Blood; Females; Human immunodeficiency virus; Ethnic groups; Sexual behavior; Syphilis; Risk factors; Serology; Kaposi's sarcoma; Acquired immune deficiency syndrome; Drug abuse ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Predominance of HIV Type 1 Subtype G among Commercial Sex Workers from Kinshasa, Democratic Republic of Congo AN - 17815066; 4858461 AB - We have investigated the genetic diversity and potential mosaic genomes of HIV-1 during the early part of the HIV-1 epidemic among commercial sex workers (CSWs) in Kinshasa, Democratic Republic of Congo (formerly Zaire). Serologic analysis revealed that 27 (28.7%) of the 94 specimens were seropositive by both peptide and whole-virus lysate EIAs and that 24 were positive by molecular screening assays, using generic primers that can detect all known groups of HIV-1. Phylogenetic analyses of the gag super(p24), C2V3, and gp41 regions of these 24 specimens showed that all were group M; none of them had any evidence of group O, N, or SIVcpz-like sequences. On the basis of env sequence analysis, the 24 group M specimens were classified as subtypes G (37.5%), A (21%), F1 (12.5%), CRF01_AE (8%), D (4%), and H (4%); 3 (12.5%) were unclassifiable (U). Similar analysis of the gag super(p24) region revealed that the majority of infections were subtype A; however, one-third of the specimens were subtype G. Parallel analysis of gag super(p24) and env regions revealed discordant subtypes in many specimens that may reflect possible dual and/or recombinant viruses. These data suggest a predominance of subtype G (both pure G and recombinant CRF02_AG) during the early part of the epidemic in Kinshasa. Infections with group N or SIVcpz-like viruses were not present among these CSWs in Kinshasa. JF - AIDS Research and Human Retroviruses AU - Yang, Chunfu AU - Dash, B AU - Hanna, S L AU - Frances, H S AU - Nzilambi, N AU - Colebunders, R C AU - St Louis, M AU - Quinn, T C AU - Folks, T M AU - Lal, R B AD - HIV Immunology and Diagnostics Branch DASTLR, NCID, CDC, Mail Stop D-12, 1600 Clifton Road, Atlanta, GA 30333, USA, rbl3@cdc.gov Y1 - 2001/03/01/ PY - 2001 DA - 2001 Mar 01 SP - 361 EP - 365 VL - 17 IS - 4 SN - 0889-2229, 0889-2229 KW - HIV-1 KW - Congo, Kinshasa KW - env gene KW - gag gene KW - prostitution KW - Health & Safety Science Abstracts; Virology & AIDS Abstracts KW - Human immunodeficiency virus KW - Genotyping KW - Human immunodeficiency virus 1 KW - Prostitution KW - H 11000:Diseases/Injuries/Trauma KW - V 22005:AIDS: Epidemiological aspects UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/17815066?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Ahealthsafetyabstracts&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=AIDS+Research+and+Human+Retroviruses&rft.atitle=Predominance+of+HIV+Type+1+Subtype+G+among+Commercial+Sex+Workers+from+Kinshasa%2C+Democratic+Republic+of+Congo&rft.au=Yang%2C+Chunfu%3BDash%2C+B%3BHanna%2C+S+L%3BFrances%2C+H+S%3BNzilambi%2C+N%3BColebunders%2C+R+C%3BSt+Louis%2C+M%3BQuinn%2C+T+C%3BFolks%2C+T+M%3BLal%2C+R+B&rft.aulast=Yang&rft.aufirst=Chunfu&rft.date=2001-03-01&rft.volume=17&rft.issue=4&rft.spage=361&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=AIDS+Research+and+Human+Retroviruses&rft.issn=08892229&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Human immunodeficiency virus 1; Human immunodeficiency virus; Genotyping; Prostitution ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Climate change and mosquito-borne disease. AN - 1730095431; 11702247 AB - Global atmospheric temperatures are presently in a warming phase that began 250--300 years ago. Speculations on the potential impact of continued warming on human health often focus on mosquito-borne diseases. Elementary models suggest that higher global temperatures will enhance their transmission rates and extend their geographic ranges. However, the histories of three such diseases--malaria, yellow fever, and dengue--reveal that climate has rarely been the principal determinant of their prevalence or range; human activities and their impact on local ecology have generally been much more significant. It is therefore inappropriate to use climate-based models to predict future prevalence. JF - Environmental Health Perspectives AU - Reiter, P AD - Dengue Branch, Division of Vector-Borne Infectious Diseases, National Center for Infectious Diseases, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, San Juan, Puerto Rico 00920-3860. preiter@cdc.gov Y1 - 2001/03// PY - 2001 DA - March 2001 SP - 141 EP - 161 PB - US Government Printing Office, Superintendent of Documents, P.O. Box 371954 Pittsburgh PA 15250-7954 USA VL - 109 IS - Suppl 1 SN - 0091-6765, 0091-6765 KW - Environmental Engineering Abstracts (EN); CSA / ASCE Civil Engineering Abstracts (CE) KW - Fever KW - Mathematical models KW - Determinants KW - Human KW - Climate change KW - Climate KW - Health KW - Atmospheric temperature UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/1730095431?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aenvironmentalengabstracts&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Environmental+Health+Perspectives&rft.atitle=Climate+change+and+mosquito-borne+disease.&rft.au=Reiter%2C+P&rft.aulast=Reiter&rft.aufirst=P&rft.date=2001-03-01&rft.volume=109&rft.issue=Suppl+1&rft.spage=141&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Environmental+Health+Perspectives&rft.issn=00916765&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2010-04-01 N1 - Last updated - 2016-06-30 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Molecular Characterization of Cryptosporidium Oocysts in Samples of Raw Surface Water and Wastewater AN - 16128494; 4869165 AB - Recent molecular characterizations of Cryptosporidium parasites make it possible to differentiate the human-pathogenic Cryptosporidium parasites from those that do not infect humans and to track the source of Cryptosporidium oocyst contamination in the environment. In this study, we used a small-subunit rRNA-based PCR-restriction fragment length polymorphism (RFLP) technique to detect and characterize Cryptosporidium oocysts in 55 samples of raw surface water collected from several areas in the United States and 49 samples of raw wastewater collected from Milwaukee, Wis. Cryptosporidium parasites were detected in 25 surface water samples and 12 raw wastewater samples. C. parvum human and bovine genotypes were the dominant Cryptosporidium parasites in the surface water samples from sites where there was potential contamination by humans and cattle, whereas C. andersoni was the most common parasite in wastewater. There may be geographic differences in the distribution of Cryptosporidium genotypes in surface water. The PCR-RFLP technique can be a useful alternative method for detection and differentiation of Cryptosporidium parasites in water. JF - Applied and Environmental Microbiology AU - Xiao, L AU - Singh, A AU - Limor, J AU - Graczyk, T K AU - Gradus, S AU - Lal, A AD - Division of Parasitic Diseases, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, 4770 Buford Highway, Atlanta, GA 30341, lax0@cdc.gov Y1 - 2001/03// PY - 2001 DA - Mar 2001 SP - 1097 EP - 1101 VL - 67 IS - 3 SN - 0099-2240, 0099-2240 KW - USA KW - ASFA 1: Biological Sciences & Living Resources; Pollution Abstracts; Water Resources Abstracts; Genetics Abstracts; Aqualine Abstracts; Microbiology Abstracts C: Algology, Mycology & Protozoology KW - USA, Wisconsin, Milwaukee KW - Parasites KW - Geographical distribution KW - Human diseases KW - Water Analysis KW - Surface water KW - Water Sampling KW - Surface Water KW - Genotypes KW - Human beings KW - Polymerase chain reaction KW - Oocytes KW - Ribonucleic acid KW - Cryptosporidium andersoni KW - Pollution detection KW - Cattle (see also Livestock) KW - Oocysts KW - Restriction fragment length polymorphism KW - Cryptosporidium parvum KW - Cattle KW - Raw-water KW - Cryptosporidium KW - Surface water (see also Lakes, Ponds, Streams) KW - Intestinal protozoa KW - Waste water KW - Wastewater KW - Q1 08202:Geographical distribution KW - AQ 00006:Sewage KW - G 07361:Protozoans/slime molds KW - P 2000:FRESHWATER POLLUTION KW - SW 3020:Sources and fate of pollution KW - K 03081:Protozoa UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16128494?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aaqualine&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Applied+and+Environmental+Microbiology&rft.atitle=Molecular+Characterization+of+Cryptosporidium+Oocysts+in+Samples+of+Raw+Surface+Water+and+Wastewater&rft.au=Xiao%2C+L%3BSingh%2C+A%3BLimor%2C+J%3BGraczyk%2C+T+K%3BGradus%2C+S%3BLal%2C+A&rft.aulast=Xiao&rft.aufirst=L&rft.date=2001-03-01&rft.volume=67&rft.issue=3&rft.spage=1097&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Applied+and+Environmental+Microbiology&rft.issn=00992240&rft_id=info:doi/10.1128%2FAEM.67.3.1097-1101.2001 LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2001-07-01 N1 - Last updated - 2015-09-03 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Parasites; Human diseases; Surface water; Oocytes; Genotypes; Waste water; Geographical distribution; Oocysts; Restriction fragment length polymorphism; Polymerase chain reaction; Cattle; Pollution detection; Wastewater; Cattle (see also Livestock); Raw-water; Human beings; Surface water (see also Lakes, Ponds, Streams); Intestinal protozoa; Ribonucleic acid; Water Analysis; Water Sampling; Cryptosporidium; Surface Water; Cryptosporidium andersoni; Cryptosporidium parvum; USA, Wisconsin, Milwaukee DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/AEM.67.3.1097-1101.2001 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Incidence of HIV among injection drug users entering drug treatment programs in four US cities AN - 1038601276; 17058667 AB - We estimated seroincidence of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) and prevalence of risk behaviors among injection drug users (IDUs) who accepted voluntary HIV testing on entry to drug treatment. Record-based incidence studies were conducted in 12 drug treatment programs in New York City (n = 890); Newark, New Jersey (n = 521); Seattle, Washington (n = 1,256); and Los Angeles, California (n = 733). Records of confidential HIV tests were abstracted for information on demographics, drug use, and HIV test results. More detailed data on risk behaviors were obtained by a standardized questionnaire. Although overall incidence rates were relatively low in this population (<1/100 person-years), there was a high prevalence of risk behaviors. Needle sharing was reported by more than one-third of the participants in each of the cities. HIV seroincidence rates were up to three-fold higher among younger ID Us. We found that HIV continued to be transmitted among ID Us who had received both drug treatment and HIV counseling and testing. HIV/AIDS (acquired immunodeficiency syndrome) prevention education should continue to be an important component of drug treatment. JF - Journal of Urban Health AU - Murrill, Christopher S AU - Prevots, DRebecca AU - Miller, Martha S AU - Linley, Laurie A AU - Royalty, Janet E AU - Gwinn, Marta AD - Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, 1600 Clifton Road, NE Mailstop E-46, 30333, Atlanta, GA, CMurrill@cdc.gov Y1 - 2001/03// PY - 2001 DA - Mar 2001 SP - 152 EP - 161 PB - Springer Science+Business Media, Van Godewijckstraat 30 Dordrecht 3311 GX Netherlands VL - 78 IS - 1 SN - 1099-3460, 1099-3460 KW - Virology & AIDS Abstracts; Risk Abstracts; Health & Safety Science Abstracts KW - USA, California, Los Angeles KW - Inventories KW - Acquired immune deficiency syndrome KW - Data processing KW - USA, New Jersey KW - Immunodeficiency KW - Drug abuse KW - Demography KW - Cities KW - USA, New York, New York City KW - Education KW - Prevention KW - Human immunodeficiency virus KW - Risk factors KW - INE, USA, Washington, Seattle KW - Standards KW - Drugs KW - H 6000:Natural Disasters/Civil Defense/Emergency Management KW - V 22360:AIDS and HIV KW - R2 23060:Medical and environmental health UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/1038601276?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Ariskabstracts&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Urban+Health&rft.atitle=Incidence+of+HIV+among+injection+drug+users+entering+drug+treatment+programs+in+four+US+cities&rft.au=Murrill%2C+Christopher+S%3BPrevots%2C+DRebecca%3BMiller%2C+Martha+S%3BLinley%2C+Laurie+A%3BRoyalty%2C+Janet+E%3BGwinn%2C+Marta&rft.aulast=Murrill&rft.aufirst=Christopher&rft.date=2001-03-01&rft.volume=78&rft.issue=1&rft.spage=152&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+Urban+Health&rft.issn=10993460&rft_id=info:doi/10.1093%2Fjurban%2F78.1.152 LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2012-09-01 N1 - Last updated - 2013-09-09 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Demography; Inventories; Acquired immune deficiency syndrome; Data processing; Risk factors; Immunodeficiency; Drug abuse; Drugs; Cities; Prevention; Education; Human immunodeficiency virus; Standards; USA, California, Los Angeles; USA, New York, New York City; USA, New Jersey; INE, USA, Washington, Seattle DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/jurban/78.1.152 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Marine turtle nesting monitoring program in Machalilla National Park, Ecuador since 1996 until 2000 AN - 21064111; 11196830 AB - The marine turtle nesting monitoring project has been developed in seven beaches of Machalilla National Park, PNM (Ecuador) and its zone of influence. It has taken place between 1996 and 2000.In spite of the fact that the monitored beaches have physical characteristics which would make it easier nesting activities, the quantitative analysis and results of the study which show that there is a minimal nesting. In general, the marine turtle nesting activities in this area are very low. The analysis of human and introduced animal impacts show that there is definitely a high effect on nesting activities. Otherwise, the greatest impact on marine turtle populations could be the bycatch from artisanal fisheries, but this topic is still unknown. Environmental education activities have also been developed. They are very important in the process of involving local people with the marine turtle protection and conservation program in Machalilla National Park and the zone of influence. JF - NOAA Technical Memorandum NMFS SEFSC AU - Barragan, M-J AD - CDC-Ecuador, Eugenio Santillan N34-248 y Maurian. Pichincha Ecuador 17-16-229 A2 - Coyne, Michael A2 - Clark, Randall Y1 - 2001/02/28/ PY - 2001 DA - 2001 Feb 28 SP - 106 PB - National Marine Fisheries Service - SEFSC, Miami Laboratory - Sea Turtle Program 75 Virginia Beach Drive Miami FL 33149 USA, [URL:http://www.sefsc.noaa.gov/observerresearch.jsp] IS - 528 KW - Ecology Abstracts; Oceanic Abstracts; ASFA 3: Aquatic Pollution & Environmental Quality; ASFA 1: Biological Sciences & Living Resources KW - Marine fisheries KW - Marine KW - Beaches KW - Physical characteristics KW - Aquatic reptiles KW - National parks KW - Man-induced effects KW - Environmental factors KW - Environmental protection KW - By catch KW - Nesting KW - Fisheries KW - ISE, Ecuador KW - Conservation KW - Reproductive behaviour KW - Mortality causes KW - Q5 08523:Conservation, wildlife management and recreation KW - O 4090:Conservation and Environmental Protection KW - D 04040:Ecosystem and Ecology Studies KW - Q1 08423:Behaviour UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/21064111?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aasfaaquaticpollution&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=NOAA+Technical+Memorandum+NMFS+SEFSC&rft.atitle=Marine+turtle+nesting+monitoring+program+in+Machalilla+National+Park%2C+Ecuador+since+1996+until+2000&rft.au=Barragan%2C+M-J&rft.aulast=Barragan&rft.aufirst=M-J&rft.date=2001-02-28&rft.volume=&rft.issue=528&rft.spage=106&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=NOAA+Technical+Memorandum+NMFS+SEFSC&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2009-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2014-05-07 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Marine fisheries; By catch; Nesting; Aquatic reptiles; Man-induced effects; Reproductive behaviour; Environmental factors; Environmental protection; Mortality causes; Physical characteristics; Beaches; Fisheries; National parks; Conservation; ISE, Ecuador; Marine ER - TY - JOUR T1 - The economics of vaccinating restaurant workers against hepatitis A AN - 17845036; 4874738 AB - The economics of vaccinating restaurant workers against hepatitis A were studied using Monte Carlo simulation models, one with a restaurant-owner perspective, and one with a societal perspective. The restaurant model allowed for a different size, number of employees and employee turnover rate. Benefits were the avoidance of loss of business (including the possibility of bankruptcy) after publicity linking the restaurant to an outbreak associated with a case of hepatitis A in a food handler. Additional benefits in the societal model included reductions in costs of food handler-associated cases of hepatitis A. The outcome used was Net Present Value (NPV), allowing comparison between models. Regardless of the cost of vaccination ($50-140/employee), for a restauranteur to ensure that all employees were vaccinated at all times substantial costs were involved (i.e. negative NPV). Even a 75% probability of bankruptcy still resulted in negative NPVs at the 95th percentiles. For society, vaccination was only cost-saving (i.e. positive NPV) if done only during epidemics and if it cost < $20/employee. Vaccinating restaurant employees is unlikely to be economical from either the restaurant owner or the societal perspective, even during hepatitis A epidemics. JF - Vaccine AU - Meltzer, MI AU - Shapiro, C N AU - Mast, EE AU - Arcari, C AD - Office of the Director, National Center for Infectious Diseases, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Mailstop D-59, Atlanta, GA 30333, USA, qzm4@cdc.gov Y1 - 2001/02/28/ PY - 2001 DA - 2001 Feb 28 SP - 2138 EP - 2145 VL - 19 IS - 15-16 SN - 0264-410X, 0264-410X KW - man KW - hepatitis A KW - hepatitis A virus KW - restaurants KW - vaccines KW - Health & Safety Science Abstracts; Virology & AIDS Abstracts; Immunology Abstracts; Risk Abstracts KW - Food industry KW - Hepatitis A virus KW - Food-borne diseases KW - Hepatitis KW - Workers KW - Economics KW - Hepatitis A KW - Vaccines KW - Occupational exposure KW - F 06807:Active immunization KW - V 22097:Immunization: Vaccines & vaccination: Human KW - H 1000:Occupational Safety and Health KW - R2 23070:Economics, organization UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/17845036?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Ariskabstracts&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Vaccine&rft.atitle=The+economics+of+vaccinating+restaurant+workers+against+hepatitis+A&rft.au=Meltzer%2C+MI%3BShapiro%2C+C+N%3BMast%2C+EE%3BArcari%2C+C&rft.aulast=Meltzer&rft.aufirst=MI&rft.date=2001-02-28&rft.volume=19&rft.issue=15-16&rft.spage=2138&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Vaccine&rft.issn=0264410X&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Hepatitis A virus; Economics; Occupational exposure; Hepatitis A; Food industry; Workers; Vaccines; Food-borne diseases; Hepatitis ER - TY - CPAPER T1 - Public key infrastructure (PKI) approach to climate data delivery AN - 39422880; 3580407 AU - Collins, JA Y1 - 2001/02/26/ PY - 2001 DA - 2001 Feb 26 KW - CPI, Conference Papers Index KW - U 7000:Multidisciplinary UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/39422880?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Acpi&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=conference&rft.jtitle=&rft.atitle=Public+key+infrastructure+%28PKI%29+approach+to+climate+data+delivery&rft.au=Collins%2C+JA&rft.aulast=Collins&rft.aufirst=JA&rft.date=2001-02-26&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - SuppNotes - Availability: American Meteorological Society, 45 Beacon St., Boston, MA 02108-3693, USA; URL: www.ametsoc.org. Paper No. 10.8 N1 - Last updated - 2010-05-03 ER - TY - CPAPER T1 - Empirical-dynamical extended range forecast model incorporating tropical diabatic forcing AN - 39356043; 3580520 AU - Winkler, C R AU - Newman, M AU - Sardeshmukh, P D Y1 - 2001/02/26/ PY - 2001 DA - 2001 Feb 26 KW - CPI, Conference Papers Index KW - U 7000:Multidisciplinary UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/39356043?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Acpi&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=conference&rft.jtitle=&rft.atitle=Empirical-dynamical+extended+range+forecast+model+incorporating+tropical+diabatic+forcing&rft.au=Winkler%2C+C+R%3BNewman%2C+M%3BSardeshmukh%2C+P+D&rft.aulast=Winkler&rft.aufirst=C&rft.date=2001-02-26&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - SuppNotes - Availability: American Meteorological Society, 45 Beacon St., Boston, MA 02108-3693, USA; URL: www.ametsoc.org. Paper No. 3.8 N1 - Last updated - 2010-05-03 ER - TY - CPAPER T1 - Influence of ENSO on the global oceans: A review of "the atmospheric bridge" AN - 39331525; 3580678 AU - Alexander, MA AU - Blade, I AU - Lau, G AU - Newman, M AU - Lanzante, J AU - Scott, J Y1 - 2001/02/26/ PY - 2001 DA - 2001 Feb 26 KW - CPI, Conference Papers Index KW - U 7000:Multidisciplinary UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/39331525?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Acpi&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=conference&rft.jtitle=&rft.atitle=Influence+of+ENSO+on+the+global+oceans%3A+A+review+of+%22the+atmospheric+bridge%22&rft.au=Alexander%2C+MA%3BBlade%2C+I%3BLau%2C+G%3BNewman%2C+M%3BLanzante%2C+J%3BScott%2C+J&rft.aulast=Alexander&rft.aufirst=MA&rft.date=2001-02-26&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - SuppNotes - Availability: American Meteorological Society, 45 Beacon St., Boston, MA 02108-3693, USA; URL: www.ametsoc.org. Paper No. 5.2 N1 - Last updated - 2010-05-03 ER - TY - CPAPER T1 - 20th century North American and European climate change: A forced response to tropical ocean warming AN - 39330455; 3580592 AU - Hoerling, M P AU - Hurrell, J AU - Kumar, A Y1 - 2001/02/26/ PY - 2001 DA - 2001 Feb 26 KW - CPI, Conference Papers Index KW - U 7000:Multidisciplinary UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/39330455?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Acpi&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=conference&rft.jtitle=&rft.atitle=20th+century+North+American+and+European+climate+change%3A+A+forced+response+to+tropical+ocean+warming&rft.au=Hoerling%2C+M+P%3BHurrell%2C+J%3BKumar%2C+A&rft.aulast=Hoerling&rft.aufirst=M&rft.date=2001-02-26&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - SuppNotes - Availability: American Meteorological Society, 45 Beacon St., Boston, MA 02108-3693, USA; URL: www.ametsoc.org. Paper No. 1.2 N1 - Last updated - 2010-05-03 ER - TY - CPAPER T1 - Stochastic modeling of climate variability AN - 39282070; 3580486 AU - Sardeshmukh, P D Y1 - 2001/02/26/ PY - 2001 DA - 2001 Feb 26 KW - CPI, Conference Papers Index KW - U 7000:Multidisciplinary UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/39282070?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Acpi&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=conference&rft.jtitle=&rft.atitle=Stochastic+modeling+of+climate+variability&rft.au=Sardeshmukh%2C+P+D&rft.aulast=Sardeshmukh&rft.aufirst=P&rft.date=2001-02-26&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - SuppNotes - Availability: American Meteorological Society, 45 Beacon St., Boston, MA 02108-3693, USA; URL: www.ametsoc.org. Paper No. 1.6 N1 - Last updated - 2010-05-03 ER - TY - CPAPER T1 - Implementing the NOAA "Center of data" concept at the climate diagnostics center AN - 39281941; 3580436 AU - Mock Y1 - 2001/02/26/ PY - 2001 DA - 2001 Feb 26 KW - CPI, Conference Papers Index KW - U 7000:Multidisciplinary UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/39281941?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Acpi&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=conference&rft.jtitle=&rft.atitle=Implementing+the+NOAA+%22Center+of+data%22+concept+at+the+climate+diagnostics+center&rft.au=Mock&rft.aulast=Mock&rft.aufirst=&rft.date=2001-02-26&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - SuppNotes - Availability: American Meteorological Society, 45 Beacon St., Boston, MA 02108-3693, USA; URL: www.ametsoc.org. Paper No. 12.13 N1 - Last updated - 2010-05-03 ER - TY - CPAPER T1 - Changes in subseasonal variability associated with El Nino AN - 39281168; 3580509 AU - Compo, G P AU - Sardeshmukh, P D AU - Penland, C Y1 - 2001/02/26/ PY - 2001 DA - 2001 Feb 26 KW - CPI, Conference Papers Index KW - U 7000:Multidisciplinary UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/39281168?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Acpi&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=conference&rft.jtitle=&rft.atitle=Changes+in+subseasonal+variability+associated+with+El+Nino&rft.au=Compo%2C+G+P%3BSardeshmukh%2C+P+D%3BPenland%2C+C&rft.aulast=Compo&rft.aufirst=G&rft.date=2001-02-26&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - SuppNotes - Availability: American Meteorological Society, 45 Beacon St., Boston, MA 02108-3693, USA; URL: www.ametsoc.org. Poster Paper No. P1.21 N1 - Last updated - 2010-05-03 ER - TY - CPAPER T1 - Using Java servlets and Java server pages to distribute climate data AN - 39261743; 3580401 AU - Schweitzer, R H Y1 - 2001/02/26/ PY - 2001 DA - 2001 Feb 26 KW - CPI, Conference Papers Index KW - U 7000:Multidisciplinary UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/39261743?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Acpi&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=conference&rft.jtitle=&rft.atitle=Using+Java+servlets+and+Java+server+pages+to+distribute+climate+data&rft.au=Schweitzer%2C+R+H&rft.aulast=Schweitzer&rft.aufirst=R&rft.date=2001-02-26&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - SuppNotes - Availability: American Meteorological Society, 45 Beacon St., Boston, MA 02108-3693, USA; URL: www.ametsoc.org. Paper No. 10.2 N1 - Last updated - 2010-05-03 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Impact of changes in transportation and commuting behaviors during the 1996 Summer Olympic Games in Atlanta on air quality and childhood asthma. AN - 70608004; 11180733 AB - Vehicle exhaust is a major source of ozone and other air pollutants. Although high ground-level ozone pollution is associated with transient increases in asthma morbidity, the impact of citywide transportation changes on air quality and childhood asthma has not been studied. The alternative transportation strategy implemented during the 1996 Summer Olympic Games in Atlanta, Ga, provided such an opportunity. To describe traffic changes in Atlanta, Ga, during the 1996 Summer Olympic Games and concomitant changes in air quality and childhood asthma events. Ecological study comparing the 17 days of the Olympic Games (July 19-August 4, 1996) to a baseline period consisting of the 4 weeks before and 4 weeks after the Olympic Games. Children aged 1 to 16 years who resided in the 5 central counties of metropolitan Atlanta and whose data were captured in 1 of 4 databases. Citywide acute care visits and hospitalizations for asthma (asthma events) and nonasthma events, concentrations of major air pollutants, meteorological variables, and traffic counts. During the Olympic Games, the number of asthma acute care events decreased 41.6% (4.23 vs 2.47 daily events) in the Georgia Medicaid claims file, 44.1% (1.36 vs 0.76 daily events) in a health maintenance organization database, 11.1% (4.77 vs 4.24 daily events) in 2 pediatric emergency departments, and 19.1% (2.04 vs 1.65 daily hospitalizations) in the Georgia Hospital Discharge Database. The number of nonasthma acute care events in the 4 databases changed -3.1%, +1.3%, -2.1%, and +1.0%, respectively. In multivariate regression analysis, only the reduction in asthma events recorded in the Medicaid database was significant (relative risk, 0.48; 95% confidence interval, 0.44-0.86). Peak daily ozone concentrations decreased 27.9%, from 81.3 ppb during the baseline period to 58.6 ppb during the Olympic Games (P<.001). Peak weekday morning traffic counts dropped 22.5% (P<.001). Traffic counts were significantly correlated with that day's peak ozone concentration (average r = 0.36 for all 4 roads examined). Meteorological conditions during the Olympic Games did not differ substantially from the baseline period. Efforts to reduce downtown traffic congestion in Atlanta during the Olympic Games resulted in decreased traffic density, especially during the critical morning period. This was associated with a prolonged reduction in ozone pollution and significantly lower rates of childhood asthma events. These data provide support for efforts to reduce air pollution and improve health via reductions in motor vehicle traffic. JF - JAMA AU - Friedman, M S AU - Powell, K E AU - Hutwagner, L AU - Graham, L M AU - Teague, W G AD - Air Pollution and Respiratory Health Branch, National Center for Environmental Health, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA 30333, USA. mff7@cdc.gov Y1 - 2001/02/21/ PY - 2001 DA - 2001 Feb 21 SP - 897 EP - 905 VL - 285 IS - 7 SN - 0098-7484, 0098-7484 KW - Vehicle Emissions KW - 0 KW - Ozone KW - 66H7ZZK23N KW - Abridged Index Medicus KW - Index Medicus KW - Infant KW - Analysis of Variance KW - Georgia -- epidemiology KW - Urban Health KW - Humans KW - Child KW - Poisson Distribution KW - Adolescent KW - Child, Preschool KW - Air Pollution KW - Asthma -- epidemiology KW - Transportation KW - Anniversaries and Special Events KW - Sports UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/70608004?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=JAMA&rft.atitle=Impact+of+changes+in+transportation+and+commuting+behaviors+during+the+1996+Summer+Olympic+Games+in+Atlanta+on+air+quality+and+childhood+asthma.&rft.au=Friedman%2C+M+S%3BPowell%2C+K+E%3BHutwagner%2C+L%3BGraham%2C+L+M%3BTeague%2C+W+G&rft.aulast=Friedman&rft.aufirst=M&rft.date=2001-02-21&rft.volume=285&rft.issue=7&rft.spage=897&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=JAMA&rft.issn=00987484&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 2001-03-15 N1 - Date created - 2001-02-22 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Injecting misuse of buprenorphine among French drug users. AN - 70650247; 11182872 AB - To evaluate the extent to which the introduction (February 1996) of ambulatory prescriptions of buprenorphine for drug maintenance treatment (DMT) has been associated with its intravenous illicit use by French injecting drug users (IDUs). Cross-sectional survey (September 1997), using self-administered questionnaires, in a sample of IDUs recruited at 32 pharmacies, four needle exchange programmes and three syringe vending machines. Thirty-nine sites where IDUs have access to sterile syringes in the city of Marseille (South-Eastern France). Sample of IDUs attending community pharmacies, vending machines and needle exchange programs to obtain equipment. To compare characteristics of IDUs who declared that they only injected buprenorphine in the prior 6 months versus the rest of the sample. Among the 343 respondents (response rate = 70.7%), 33.8% were polydrug users who occasionally injected buprenorphine in parallel to heroin and/or cocaine, while 23.9% only injected buprenorphine in the previous 6 months. IDUs in this latter group were younger, injected more frequently, and were more frequently on buprenorphine DMT, but they were less likely to be HIV-infected and to declare HIV-related injecting risky behaviours. Substantial risk of injecting misuse is associated with large-scale diffusion of buprenorphine DMT. A more stringent regulation for medical dispensation of buprenorphine than the current French general freedom of prescription for all physicians, including general practiioners in ambulatory care, may be necessary in other countries which are considering the diffusion of buprenorphine DMT. JF - Addiction (Abingdon, England) AU - Obadia, Y AU - Perrin, V AU - Feroni, I AU - Vlahov, D AU - Moatti, J P AD - Regional Center for Disease Control of South-Eastern France (ORS PACA), ORS PACA-INSERM U379, 23 rue Stanislas Torrents, 13006 Marseille, France. orspaca@wanadoo.fr Y1 - 2001/02// PY - 2001 DA - February 2001 SP - 267 EP - 272 VL - 96 IS - 2 SN - 0965-2140, 0965-2140 KW - Buprenorphine KW - 40D3SCR4GZ KW - Index Medicus KW - Cross-Sectional Studies KW - Humans KW - Adult KW - France -- epidemiology KW - Adolescent KW - Male KW - Female KW - Opioid-Related Disorders -- epidemiology KW - Substance Abuse, Intravenous -- rehabilitation KW - Preventive Health Services KW - Buprenorphine -- administration & dosage KW - Substance Abuse, Intravenous -- etiology KW - Health Services Accessibility UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/70650247?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Addiction+%28Abingdon%2C+England%29&rft.atitle=Injecting+misuse+of+buprenorphine+among+French+drug+users.&rft.au=Obadia%2C+Y%3BPerrin%2C+V%3BFeroni%2C+I%3BVlahov%2C+D%3BMoatti%2C+J+P&rft.aulast=Obadia&rft.aufirst=Y&rft.date=2001-02-01&rft.volume=96&rft.issue=2&rft.spage=267&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Addiction+%28Abingdon%2C+England%29&rft.issn=09652140&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 2001-03-22 N1 - Date created - 2001-02-28 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Reviews of evidence regarding interventions to reduce tobacco use and exposure to environmental tobacco smoke. AN - 70619120; 11173215 AB - This report presents the results of systematic reviews of effectiveness, applicability, other effects, economic evaluations, and barriers to use of selected population-based interventions intended to reduce tobacco use and exposure to environmental tobacco smoke. The related systematic reviews are linked by a common conceptual approach. These reviews form the basis of recommendations by the Task Force on Community Preventive Services (TFCPS) regarding the use of these selected interventions. The TFCPS recommendations are presented on page 67 of this supplement. JF - American journal of preventive medicine AU - Hopkins, D P AU - Briss, P A AU - Ricard, C J AU - Husten, C G AU - Carande-Kulis, V G AU - Fielding, J E AU - Alao, M O AU - McKenna, J W AU - Sharp, D J AU - Harris, J R AU - Woollery, T A AU - Harris, K W AU - Task Force on Community Preventive Services AD - Division of Prevention Research and Analytic Methods, Epidemiology Program Office, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia, USA. dhh4@cdc.gov ; Task Force on Community Preventive Services Y1 - 2001/02// PY - 2001 DA - February 2001 SP - 16 EP - 66 VL - 20 IS - 2 Suppl SN - 0749-3797, 0749-3797 KW - Tobacco Smoke Pollution KW - 0 KW - Index Medicus KW - United States KW - Evidence-Based Medicine KW - Humans KW - Adult KW - Adolescent KW - Tobacco Smoke Pollution -- prevention & control KW - Smoking Cessation KW - Tobacco Smoke Pollution -- adverse effects KW - Practice Guidelines as Topic KW - Community Health Services -- organization & administration KW - Preventive Health Services -- organization & administration UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/70619120?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=American+journal+of+preventive+medicine&rft.atitle=Reviews+of+evidence+regarding+interventions+to+reduce+tobacco+use+and+exposure+to+environmental+tobacco+smoke.&rft.au=Hopkins%2C+D+P%3BBriss%2C+P+A%3BRicard%2C+C+J%3BHusten%2C+C+G%3BCarande-Kulis%2C+V+G%3BFielding%2C+J+E%3BAlao%2C+M+O%3BMcKenna%2C+J+W%3BSharp%2C+D+J%3BHarris%2C+J+R%3BWoollery%2C+T+A%3BHarris%2C+K+W%3BTask+Force+on+Community+Preventive+Services&rft.aulast=Hopkins&rft.aufirst=D&rft.date=2001-02-01&rft.volume=20&rft.issue=2+Suppl&rft.spage=16&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=American+journal+of+preventive+medicine&rft.issn=07493797&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 2001-04-05 N1 - Date created - 2001-02-22 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Mortality in dry-cleaning workers: an update. AN - 70597672; 11170155 AB - A cohort of 1,708 dry-cleaning workers identified from union records was exposed to perchloroethylene (PCE), a known animal carcinogen and probable human carcinogen, for at least 1 year before 1960. Many workers also had exposure to Stoddard solvent, a petroleum-based dry-cleaning solvent. Vital status was updated through 1996 and life table analyses conducted. The cohort had excess cancer mortality (271 deaths, standardized mortality ratio [SMR] 1.25, 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.11-1.41). Elevated SMRs for tongue, bladder, esophagus, intestine, lung, and cervical cancer, pneumonia, and diseases of the stomach and duodenum were statistically significant. The current study confirms findings of prior updates and other studies that dry-cleaning workers have excess cancer mortality at several sites. Although important lifestyle and socioeconomic risk factors exist for both cervical and esophageal cancer mortality, excesses of these sites in the PCE only subcohort and among workers with longer duration of PCE exposure suggest an association with PCE exposure. Copyright 2001 Wiley-Liss, Inc. JF - American journal of industrial medicine AU - Ruder, A M AU - Ward, E M AU - Brown, D P AD - National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, Cincinnati, Ohio 45226, USA. amr2@cdc.gov Y1 - 2001/02// PY - 2001 DA - February 2001 SP - 121 EP - 132 VL - 39 IS - 2 SN - 0271-3586, 0271-3586 KW - Carcinogens KW - 0 KW - Hydrocarbons KW - Solvents KW - Stoddard solvent KW - 8052-41-3 KW - Tetrachloroethylene KW - TJ904HH8SN KW - Index Medicus KW - Life Tables KW - Neoplasms -- mortality KW - Humans KW - Cohort Studies KW - Aged KW - United States -- epidemiology KW - Hydrocarbons -- adverse effects KW - Male KW - Female KW - Cause of Death KW - Carcinogens -- adverse effects KW - Mortality KW - Solvents -- adverse effects KW - Occupational Exposure -- adverse effects KW - Laundering KW - Tetrachloroethylene -- adverse effects UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/70597672?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=American+journal+of+industrial+medicine&rft.atitle=Mortality+in+dry-cleaning+workers%3A+an+update.&rft.au=Ruder%2C+A+M%3BWard%2C+E+M%3BBrown%2C+D+P&rft.aulast=Ruder&rft.aufirst=A&rft.date=2001-02-01&rft.volume=39&rft.issue=2&rft.spage=121&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=American+journal+of+industrial+medicine&rft.issn=02713586&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 2001-04-19 N1 - Date created - 2001-02-22 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Evidence reviews and recommendations on interventions to reduce tobacco use and exposure to environmental tobacco smoke: a summary of selected guidelines. AN - 70591148; 11173216 JF - American journal of preventive medicine AU - Hopkins, D P AU - Husten, C G AU - Fielding, J E AU - Rosenquist, J N AU - Westphal, L L AD - Division of Prevention Research and Analytic Methods, Epidemiology Program Office, Atlanta, Georgia, USA. dhh4@cdc.gov Y1 - 2001/02// PY - 2001 DA - February 2001 SP - 67 EP - 87 VL - 20 IS - 2 Suppl SN - 0749-3797, 0749-3797 KW - Tobacco Smoke Pollution KW - 0 KW - Index Medicus KW - United States KW - Evidence-Based Medicine KW - Humans KW - Tobacco Smoke Pollution -- prevention & control KW - Practice Guidelines as Topic KW - Smoking -- adverse effects KW - Smoking -- prevention & control KW - Community Health Services -- organization & administration KW - Preventive Health Services -- organization & administration UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/70591148?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=American+journal+of+preventive+medicine&rft.atitle=Evidence+reviews+and+recommendations+on+interventions+to+reduce+tobacco+use+and+exposure+to+environmental+tobacco+smoke%3A+a+summary+of+selected+guidelines.&rft.au=Hopkins%2C+D+P%3BHusten%2C+C+G%3BFielding%2C+J+E%3BRosenquist%2C+J+N%3BWestphal%2C+L+L&rft.aulast=Hopkins&rft.aufirst=D&rft.date=2001-02-01&rft.volume=20&rft.issue=2+Suppl&rft.spage=67&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=American+journal+of+preventive+medicine&rft.issn=07493797&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 2001-04-05 N1 - Date created - 2001-02-22 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Unmet Need for Personal Assistance with Activities of Daily Living among Older Adults AN - 61330391; 200104420 AB - Purpose: This study examined the prevalence, correlates, & negative consequences of unmet need for personal assistance with activities of daily living (ADLs) among older adults. Design & Methods: The authors analyzed cross-sectional data from the 1994 National Health Interview Survey's Supplement on Aging. Data were weighted to be representative of the noninstitutionalized population aged 70 years & older. Results: Overall, 20.7% of those needing help to perform 1 or more ADLs (an estimated 629,000 persons) reported receiving inadequate assistance; for individual ADLs, the prevalence of unmet need ranged from 10.2% (eating) to 20.1% (transferring). The likelihood of having 1 or more unmet needs was associated with lower household income, multiple ADL difficulties, & living alone. Nearly half of those with unmet needs reported experiencing a negative consequence (eg, unable to eat when hungry) as a result of their unmet need. Implications: Greater, targeted efforts are needed to reduce the prevalence & consequences of unmet need for ADL assistance in elderly persons. 4 Tables, 1 Figure, 21 References. Adapted from the source document. JF - Gerontologist AU - Desai, Mayur M AU - Lentzner, Harold R AU - Weeks, Julie Dawson AD - c/o Weeks -- National Center Health Statistics, Centers Disease Control & Prevention, Hyattsville, MD Y1 - 2001/02// PY - 2001 DA - February 2001 SP - 82 EP - 88 VL - 41 IS - 1 SN - 0016-9013, 0016-9013 KW - Adult Care Services KW - Independent Living KW - Elderly KW - Activities of Daily Living KW - Needs Assessment KW - article KW - 6127: social gerontology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/61330391?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Asocialservices&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Gerontologist&rft.atitle=Unmet+Need+for+Personal+Assistance+with+Activities+of+Daily+Living+among+Older+Adults&rft.au=Desai%2C+Mayur+M%3BLentzner%2C+Harold+R%3BWeeks%2C+Julie+Dawson&rft.aulast=Desai&rft.aufirst=Mayur&rft.date=2001-02-01&rft.volume=41&rft.issue=1&rft.spage=82&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Gerontologist&rft.issn=00169013&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - Social Services Abstracts N1 - Date revised - 2007-10-30 N1 - Last updated - 2016-09-28 N1 - CODEN - GRNTA3 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Activities of Daily Living; Elderly; Needs Assessment; Independent Living; Adult Care Services ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Recommendations regarding interventions to reduce tobacco use and exposure to environmental tobacco smoke AN - 18443335; 5418470 AB - Tobacco use is the single largest cause of preventable premature death in the United States, and exposure to environmental tobacco smoke (ETS) is a preventable cause of significant morbidity and mortality. Preventing tobacco use in children and adolescents, reducing tobacco use in adults, and reducing nonsmokers exposure to ETS are essential public health objectives for communities. This report makes recommendations on the evidence of effectiveness of selected community and health care system interventions in achieving these objectives. JF - American Journal of Preventive Medicine AU - Hopkins, D P AD - Epidemiology Program Office, MS K-73, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, 4770 Buford Highway, Atlanta, GA 30341, USA, dhh4@cdc.gov Y1 - 2001/02// PY - 2001 DA - Feb 2001 SP - 10 EP - 15 VL - 20 IS - 2 SN - 0749-3797, 0749-3797 KW - man KW - prevention KW - Toxicology Abstracts; Physical Education Index KW - X 24180:Social poisons & drug abuse KW - PE 030:Exercise, Health & Physical Fitness UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/18443335?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxicologyabstracts&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=American+Journal+of+Preventive+Medicine&rft.atitle=Recommendations+regarding+interventions+to+reduce+tobacco+use+and+exposure+to+environmental+tobacco+smoke&rft.au=Hopkins%2C+D+P&rft.aulast=Hopkins&rft.aufirst=D&rft.date=2001-02-01&rft.volume=20&rft.issue=2&rft.spage=10&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=American+Journal+of+Preventive+Medicine&rft.issn=07493797&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - Physical Education Index; ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Performance of an Automatically Deployable ROPS on ASAE Tests AN - 17894591; 5140142 AB - In the U.S., approximately 132 agricultural tractor overturn fatalities occur per year. The use of rollover protective structures (ROPS), along with seat belts, is the best-known method for preventing these fatalities. However, one impediment to ROPS use is low-clearance situations, such as orchards and animal confinement buildings. To address the need for ROPS that are easily adapted to low-clearance situations, the Division of Safety Research, National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, developed a prototype automatically deploying, telescoping ROPS (AutoROPS). The NIOSH AutoROPS consists of two subsystems. The first is a retractable ROPS that is normally latched in its lowered position for day-to-day use. The second subsystem is a sensor that monitors the operating angle of the tractor. If an overturn condition is detected by the sensor, the retracted ROPS will deploy and lock in the full upright position before ground contact. Static load testing and field upset tests of the NIOSH AutoROPS have been conducted in accordance with SAE standard J2194. Additionally, timed trials of the AutoROPS deployment mechanism were completed. The results of these tests show that the NIOSH AutoROPS has significant potential to overcome the limitations of current ROPS designs for use in low clearance as well as unrestricted clearance operations. JF - Journal of Agricultural Safety and Health AU - Powers, J R AU - Harris, J R AU - Etherton, J R AU - Snyder, KA AU - Ronaghi, M AU - Newbraugh, B H AD - Division of Safety Research, National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health 1095 Willowdale Road, Mail Stop P119, Morgantown, WV 26505, USA, jrel@cdc.gov Y1 - 2001/02// PY - 2001 DA - Feb 2001 SP - 51 EP - 61 VL - 7 IS - 1 SN - 1074-7583, 1074-7583 KW - rollover protection KW - tractors KW - Risk Abstracts; Health & Safety Science Abstracts KW - Agriculture KW - Motor vehicles KW - Occupational safety KW - Protective equipment KW - R2 23080:Industrial and labor KW - H 1000:Occupational Safety and Health UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/17894591?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Ariskabstracts&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Agricultural+Safety+and+Health&rft.atitle=Performance+of+an+Automatically+Deployable+ROPS+on+ASAE+Tests&rft.au=Powers%2C+J+R%3BHarris%2C+J+R%3BEtherton%2C+J+R%3BSnyder%2C+KA%3BRonaghi%2C+M%3BNewbraugh%2C+B+H&rft.aulast=Powers&rft.aufirst=J&rft.date=2001-02-01&rft.volume=7&rft.issue=1&rft.spage=51&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+Agricultural+Safety+and+Health&rft.issn=10747583&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Motor vehicles; Agriculture; Protective equipment; Occupational safety ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Lung cancer case-control study of beryllium workers AN - 17871612; 5111998 AB - Background: Cohort mortality studies have found elevated lung cancer mortality among beryllium-exposed workers, but none evaluated the association between beryllium exposure level and lung cancer risk. A nested case-control study of lung cancer within a beryllium processing plant was conducted to investigate the relationship between level of beryllium exposure and lung cancer. Methods: Lung cancer cases were identified by mortality follow-up through 1992 of a cohort of male workers at a beryllium alloy production plant. Each of 142 lung cancer cases was age-race-matched to five controls. Calendar-time-specific beryllium exposure estimates were made for every job in the plant and were used to estimate workers' cumulative, average, and maximum exposures. The potential confounding effects of smoking were also evaluated. Results: Lung cancer cases had shorter tenures and lower lifetime cumulative beryllium exposures than controls, but higher average and maximum exposures. However, after applying a 10- and 20-year lag, exposure metrics were higher for cases. Odds ratios in analyses lagged 20 years were significantly elevated for those with higher exposure compared to the lowest exposure category. Significant positive trends were seen with the log of the exposure metrics. Smoking did not appear to confound exposure-response analyses. Conclusions: Increased lung cancer among workers with higher lagged beryllium exposures and lack of evidence for confounding by cigarette smoking, provide further evidence that beryllium is a human lung carcinogen. JF - American Journal of Industrial Medicine AU - Sanderson, W T AU - Ward, E M AU - Steenland, K AU - Petersen, M R AD - Industrywide Studies Branch, Division of Surveillance, Hazard Evaluations, and Field Studies, National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, 4676 Columbia Parkway, Cincinnati, Ohio 45226, USA, wts1@cdc.gov Y1 - 2001/02// PY - 2001 DA - Feb 2001 SP - 133 EP - 144 VL - 39 IS - 2 SN - 0271-3586, 0271-3586 KW - man KW - Toxicology Abstracts; Health & Safety Science Abstracts; Risk Abstracts KW - Risk assessment KW - Mortality KW - Lung diseases KW - Cancer KW - Cigarette smoking KW - Beryllium KW - Occupational exposure KW - Lung cancer KW - R2 23080:Industrial and labor KW - H 1000:Occupational Safety and Health KW - X 24162:Chronic exposure UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/17871612?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Ariskabstracts&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=American+Journal+of+Industrial+Medicine&rft.atitle=Lung+cancer+case-control+study+of+beryllium+workers&rft.au=Sanderson%2C+W+T%3BWard%2C+E+M%3BSteenland%2C+K%3BPetersen%2C+M+R&rft.aulast=Sanderson&rft.aufirst=W&rft.date=2001-02-01&rft.volume=39&rft.issue=2&rft.spage=133&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=American+Journal+of+Industrial+Medicine&rft.issn=02713586&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Lung cancer; Occupational exposure; Beryllium; Risk assessment; Lung diseases; Cancer; Mortality; Cigarette smoking ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Estimating historical exposures of workers in a beryllium manufacturing plant AN - 17867505; 5111999 AB - Background: Beryllium is known to be toxic to the lungs, causing beryllium lung disease and associated with increased lung cancer risk. Airborne beryllium exposures have been monitored since the 1940s. This study describes methods used to measure airborne beryllium concentrations and how historical measurements from a beryllium manufacturing plant were used to estimate workers' exposures in a lung cancer case-control study. Methods: Airborne beryllium concentrations had been measured using all-glass impingers, high-volume air filters, and personal respirable and total dust samplers. To provide consistency in exposure estimates over time, measurements collected by the other monitoring methods were converted to approximate the most frequently used high-volume, time-weighted average measurements. Because industrial hygiene measurements were not collected in every year for all jobs throughout the duration of the case-control study, exposure estimates had to be extrapolated from the existing measurements over time and across jobs. Results: Over 7,000 historical measurements were available to estimate beryllium exposures of workers over time. Average exposures between jobs varied considerably and exposures for all jobs decreased dramatically between the 1940s and 1970s due to major plant production changes. Conclusions: Although error in the exposure metrics for the cases and controls likely occurred due to limitations of the exposure assessment data, the exposure estimates for each job over time provided a reasonable, objective mechanism for categorizing workers by the relative exposures they were likely to have encountered during their tenure. JF - American Journal of Industrial Medicine AU - Sanderson, W T AU - Petersen, M R AU - Ward, E M AD - Division of Surveillance, Hazard Evaluations, and Field Studies, National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, 4676 Columbia Parkway, Cincinnati, Ohio, USA, wts1@cdc.gov Y1 - 2001/02// PY - 2001 DA - Feb 2001 SP - 145 EP - 157 VL - 39 IS - 2 SN - 0271-3586, 0271-3586 KW - man KW - exposure estimates KW - respiratory tract diseases KW - Toxicology Abstracts; Health & Safety Science Abstracts KW - Metals KW - Historical account KW - Manufacturing industry KW - Lung diseases KW - Cancer KW - Respiratory tract diseases KW - occupational diseases KW - Beryllium KW - Occupational exposure KW - H 1000:Occupational Safety and Health KW - X 24162:Chronic exposure UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/17867505?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxicologyabstracts&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=American+Journal+of+Industrial+Medicine&rft.atitle=Estimating+historical+exposures+of+workers+in+a+beryllium+manufacturing+plant&rft.au=Sanderson%2C+W+T%3BPetersen%2C+M+R%3BWard%2C+E+M&rft.aulast=Sanderson&rft.aufirst=W&rft.date=2001-02-01&rft.volume=39&rft.issue=2&rft.spage=145&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=American+Journal+of+Industrial+Medicine&rft.issn=02713586&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Manufacturing industry; Occupational exposure; occupational diseases; Historical account; Beryllium; Respiratory tract diseases; Lung diseases; Metals; Cancer ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Investigation and control of a large outbreak of multi-drug resistant tuberculosis at a central Lisbon hospital AN - 17856134; 4884667 AB - An increase in the number of new cases of tuberculosis (TB) combined with poor clinical outcome was identified among HIV-infected injecting drug users attending a large HIV unit in central Lisbon. A retrospective epidemiological and laboratory study was conducted to review all newly diagnosed cases of TB from 1995 to 1996 in the HIV unit. Results showed that from 1995 to 1996, 63% (109/173) of the Mycobacterium tuberculosis isolates from HIV-infected patients were resistant to one or more anti-tuberculosis drugs; 89% (95) of these were multidrug-resistant, i.e., resistant to at least isoniazid and rifampicin. Eighty percent of the multidrug-resistant strains (MDR) available for restriction fragment length polymorphism (RFLP) DNA fingerprinting clustered into one of two large clusters. Epidemiological data support the conclusion that the transmission of MDR-TB occurred among HIV-infected injecting drug users exposed to infectious TB cases on open wards in the HIV unit. Improved infection control measures on the HIV unit and the use of empirical therapy with six drugs once patients were suspected to have TB, reduced the incidence of MDR-TB from 42% of TB cases in 1996 to 11% in 1999. JF - Journal of Hospital Infection AU - Hannan, M M AU - Peres, H AU - Maltez, F AU - Hayward, A C AU - Machado, J AU - Morgado, A AU - Proenca, R AU - Nelson, M R AU - Bico, J AU - Young, D B AU - Gazzard, B S AD - CDC/NCHSTP, Division of TB Elimination, Surveillance and Epidemiology Branch, 1600 Clifton Rd., Mail Stop E-10, Atlanta GA 30333, USA Y1 - 2001/02// PY - 2001 DA - Feb 2001 SP - 91 EP - 97 VL - 47 IS - 2 SN - 0195-6701, 0195-6701 KW - Portugal, Lisbon KW - Microbiology Abstracts B: Bacteriology KW - Fingerprinting KW - Acquired immune deficiency syndrome KW - Drug resistance KW - Human immunodeficiency virus 1 KW - DNA KW - Tuberculosis KW - Disease transmission KW - Hospitals KW - Mycobacterium tuberculosis KW - J 02845:Ear, nose and respiratory tract UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/17856134?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologyb&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Hospital+Infection&rft.atitle=Investigation+and+control+of+a+large+outbreak+of+multi-drug+resistant+tuberculosis+at+a+central+Lisbon+hospital&rft.au=Hannan%2C+M+M%3BPeres%2C+H%3BMaltez%2C+F%3BHayward%2C+A+C%3BMachado%2C+J%3BMorgado%2C+A%3BProenca%2C+R%3BNelson%2C+M+R%3BBico%2C+J%3BYoung%2C+D+B%3BGazzard%2C+B+S&rft.aulast=Hannan&rft.aufirst=M&rft.date=2001-02-01&rft.volume=47&rft.issue=2&rft.spage=91&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+Hospital+Infection&rft.issn=01956701&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Mycobacterium tuberculosis; Human immunodeficiency virus 1; Acquired immune deficiency syndrome; Tuberculosis; Hospitals; Drug resistance; DNA; Fingerprinting; Disease transmission ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Carbon Monoxide As a Tracer for Assessing Exposures to Particulate Matter in Wood and Gas Cookstove Households of Highland Guatemala AN - 17837701; 4868969 AB - Kitchen-area 22-h gravimetric PM sub(2.5) and passive diffusion stain-tube carbon monoxide (CO) concentrations were measured in homes with open fire and improved wood cookstoves in two studies. In the first study (Guat-2), which also studied homes with gas cookstoves, three samples were collected per stove condition from each of three test houses. In the second study (Guat-3), one sample was collected per house from 15 open fire and 25 improved-stove houses. CO personal samples were also taken for mother and child in both studies. Spearman correlation coefficients (R) between kitchen-area CO and PM sub(2.5) levels in homes using open fires or impoved wood cookstoves were high ranging from 0.92 (Guat-2) to 0.94 (Guat-3), as were those between the personal samples for mother and child ranging from 0.85 (Guat-3) to 0.96 (Guat-2). In general, the correlations were lower for less-polluted conditions. The study found that CO is a good proxy for PM sub(2.5) in homes using open fires or planchas (improved wood cookstove with chimney) but not under gas stove use conditions. It also determined that mother personal CO is a good proxy for child's (under 2 years of age) personal CO and that area CO measurements are not strongly representative of personal CO measurements. These results generally support the use of Draeger CO passive diffusion tubes as a proxy for PM sub(2.5) in such cases where a single type of emission source is the predominant source for CO and PM sub(2.5). JF - Environmental Science & Technology AU - Naeher, L P AU - Smith, K R AU - Leaderer, B P AU - Neufeld, L AU - Mage, D T AD - Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, National Center for Environmental Health, 1600 Clifton Rd., NE (MS E23), Atlanta, GA 30333, USA, LNaeher@CDC.GOV Y1 - 2001/02/01/ PY - 2001 DA - 2001 Feb 01 SP - 575 EP - 581 VL - 35 IS - 3 SN - 0013-936X, 0013-936X KW - Guatemala KW - cookstoves KW - Health & Safety Science Abstracts; Pollution Abstracts KW - Indoor air pollution KW - Particulates KW - Carbon monoxide KW - Tracers KW - Emission measurements KW - H 3000:Environment and Ecology KW - P 0000:AIR POLLUTION UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/17837701?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Apollution&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Environmental+Science+%26+Technology&rft.atitle=Carbon+Monoxide+As+a+Tracer+for+Assessing+Exposures+to+Particulate+Matter+in+Wood+and+Gas+Cookstove+Households+of+Highland+Guatemala&rft.au=Naeher%2C+L+P%3BSmith%2C+K+R%3BLeaderer%2C+B+P%3BNeufeld%2C+L%3BMage%2C+D+T&rft.aulast=Naeher&rft.aufirst=L&rft.date=2001-02-01&rft.volume=35&rft.issue=3&rft.spage=575&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Environmental+Science+%26+Technology&rft.issn=0013936X&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Tracers; Carbon monoxide; Particulates; Emission measurements; Indoor air pollution ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Pyrazinamide-Monoresistant Mycobacterium tuberculosis in the United States AN - 17811000; 4853807 AB - Mycobacterium bovis is naturally resistant to the antituberculosis drug pyrazinamide (PZA). To determine whether all Mycobacterium tuberculosis complex isolates demonstrating PZA monoresistance were truly M. bovis, we examined the phenotype and genotype of isolates reported as PZA monoresistant in five counties in California from January 1996 through June 1999. Isolates reported by local laboratories to be PZA monoresistant were sent to the state reference laboratory for repeat susceptibility testing using the BACTEC radiometric method and to the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention for pncA sequencing and PCR-restriction fragment length polymorphism (RFLP) analysis of the oxyR gene. Of 1,916 isolates, 14 were reported as PZA monoresistant and 11 were available for retesting. On repeat testing, 6 of the 11 isolates were identified as PZA-susceptible M. tuberculosis, 1 was identified as PZA-monoresistant M. bovis, and 1 was identified as M. bovis BCG. The three remaining isolates were identified as PZA-monoresistant M. tuberculosis. Sequencing of the pncA and oxyR genes genotypically confirmed the two M. bovis and the six susceptible M. tuberculosis species. Each of the three PZA-monoresistant M. tuberculosis isolates had different, previously unreported, pncA gene mutations: a 24-bp deletion in frame after codon 88, a base substitution at codon 104 (Ser sub(104)Cys), and a base substitution at codon 90 (Ile sub(90)Ser). This study demonstrates that PZA monoresistance is not an absolute marker of M. bovis species but may also occur in M. tuberculosis, associated with a number of different mutational events in the pncA gene. It is the first report of PZA-monoresistant M. tuberculosis in the United States. JF - Journal of Clinical Microbiology AU - Hannan, M M AU - Desmond, E P AU - Morlock, G P AU - Mazurek, G H AU - Crawford, J T AD - Surveillance and Epidemiology Branch, Division of Tuberculosis Elimination, 1600 Clifton Rd., Mailstop E-10, Atlanta, GA 30333, USA, mhannan@cdc.gov Y1 - 2001/02// PY - 2001 DA - Feb 2001 SP - 647 EP - 650 VL - 39 IS - 2 SN - 0095-1137, 0095-1137 KW - oxyR gene KW - pncA gene KW - pyrazinamide KW - Microbiology Abstracts B: Bacteriology KW - Drug resistance KW - Mycobacterium bovis KW - Mycobacterium tuberculosis KW - J 02814:Drug resistance UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/17811000?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologyb&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Clinical+Microbiology&rft.atitle=Pyrazinamide-Monoresistant+Mycobacterium+tuberculosis+in+the+United+States&rft.au=Hannan%2C+M+M%3BDesmond%2C+E+P%3BMorlock%2C+G+P%3BMazurek%2C+G+H%3BCrawford%2C+J+T&rft.aulast=Hannan&rft.aufirst=M&rft.date=2001-02-01&rft.volume=39&rft.issue=2&rft.spage=647&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+Clinical+Microbiology&rft.issn=00951137&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Mycobacterium tuberculosis; Mycobacterium bovis; Drug resistance ER - TY - JOUR T1 - First Report of Neisseria meningitidis Intermediately Resistant to Penicillin in Croatia AN - 17809995; 4853886 AB - Neisseria meningitidis is one of the leading causes of bacterial meningitis and sepsis in Croatia. Meningococcal strains with decreased susceptibility to penicillin (MIC > 0.12 mg/ml) have been reported worldwide since 1985. Here we report the first identification of an isolate intermediately resistant to penicillin in Croatia. An 8-month-old male child presented to the Emergency Department at University Hospital for Infectious Diseases, Zagreb, Croatia, with a 2-day history of fever (>39 degree C). The child was somnolent, with characteristic meningeal signs and petechia on its scrotum and entire extremities. The white blood cell count was 5,800/mm super(3), with 51 segmented neutrophils and 32 lymphocytes. The cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) contained 92,416 cells/mm super(3), the protein concentration was 2,040 mg/liter, and the glucose concentration was 0.3 mmol/liter. Gram-negative diplococci were visible on a Gram-stained smear, and latex agglutination performed on the CSF was positive for N. meningitidis serogroup B (Slidex meningite-Kit 5; bioMerieux, Marcy-l'Etoile, France). Ceftriaxone therapy was instituted, and household contacts were treated with rifampin. JF - Journal of Clinical Microbiology AU - Boras, A AU - Bozinovic, D AU - Tenover, F C AU - Popovic, T AD - Division of Bacterial and Mycotic Diseases National Center for Infectious Diseases Centers for Disease Control and Prevention Atlanta, Georgia, USA, txp1@cdc.gov Y1 - 2001/02// PY - 2001 DA - Feb 2001 SP - 823 VL - 39 IS - 2 SN - 0095-1137, 0095-1137 KW - man KW - Croatia KW - ceftriaxone KW - penicillin KW - rifampin KW - Microbiology Abstracts B: Bacteriology KW - Cerebrospinal fluid KW - Sepsis KW - Latex agglutination KW - Leukocytes KW - Lymphocytes KW - Neisseria meningitidis KW - Minimum inhibitory concentration KW - Meningitis KW - J 02848:Nervous system UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/17809995?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologyb&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Clinical+Microbiology&rft.atitle=First+Report+of+Neisseria+meningitidis+Intermediately+Resistant+to+Penicillin+in+Croatia&rft.au=Boras%2C+A%3BBozinovic%2C+D%3BTenover%2C+F+C%3BPopovic%2C+T&rft.aulast=Boras&rft.aufirst=A&rft.date=2001-02-01&rft.volume=39&rft.issue=2&rft.spage=823&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+Clinical+Microbiology&rft.issn=00951137&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Neisseria meningitidis; Meningitis; Sepsis; Minimum inhibitory concentration; Leukocytes; Lymphocytes; Cerebrospinal fluid; Latex agglutination ER - TY - JOUR T1 - New tests for bacterial sexually transmitted diseases AN - 17808300; 4854513 AB - Recent advances in diagnostic tests for sexually transmitted diseases include the development of a synthetic Venereal Disease Research Laboratory reagent that will improve the sensitivity and stability of nontreponemal serologic tests for syphilis. A second generation user friendly and high throughput nucleic acid amplification test for Chlamydia trachomatis and Neisseria gonorrhoeae has also been developed. JF - Current Opinion in Infectious Diseases AU - Morse, SA AD - Division of AIDS, STDs and Tuberculosis Laboratory Research, National Center for Infectious Diseases, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, 1600 Clifton Road, MS-A12, Atlanta, Georgia 30333, USA, sam1@cdc.gov Y1 - 2001/02// PY - 2001 DA - Feb 2001 SP - 45 EP - 51 VL - 14 IS - 1 SN - 0951-7375, 0951-7375 KW - man KW - nucleic acids KW - Microbiology Abstracts B: Bacteriology KW - Sexually-transmitted diseases KW - Reviews KW - Chlamydia trachomatis KW - Diagnostic agents KW - Immunoassays KW - Neisseria gonorrhoeae KW - J 02849:Sexually-transmitted diseases UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/17808300?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologyb&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Current+Opinion+in+Infectious+Diseases&rft.atitle=New+tests+for+bacterial+sexually+transmitted+diseases&rft.au=Morse%2C+SA&rft.aulast=Morse&rft.aufirst=SA&rft.date=2001-02-01&rft.volume=14&rft.issue=1&rft.spage=45&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Current+Opinion+in+Infectious+Diseases&rft.issn=09517375&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Neisseria gonorrhoeae; Chlamydia trachomatis; Sexually-transmitted diseases; Diagnostic agents; Immunoassays; Reviews ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Protocol for Detection of Biofilms on Needleless Connectors Attached to Central Venous Catheters AN - 17806111; 4853762 AB - Central venous catheter needleless connectors (NCs) have been shown to develop microbial contamination. A protocol was developed for the collection, processing, and examination of NCs to detect and measure biofilms on these devices. Sixty-three percent of 24 NCs collected from a bone marrow transplant center contained biofilms comprised primarily of coagulase-negative staphylococci. JF - Journal of Clinical Microbiology AU - Donlan, R M AU - Murga, R AU - Bell, M AU - Toscano, C M AU - Carr, J H AU - Novicki, T J AU - Zuckerman, C AU - Corey, L C AU - Miller, J M AD - Hospital Infections Program, CDC, Mail Stop C-16, Atlanta, GA 30333, USA, rld8@cdc.gov Y1 - 2001/02// PY - 2001 DA - Feb 2001 SP - 750 EP - 753 VL - 39 IS - 2 SN - 0095-1137, 0095-1137 KW - detection KW - Microbiology Abstracts A: Industrial & Applied Microbiology KW - Catheters KW - Biofilms KW - A 01116:Bacteria UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/17806111?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologya&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Clinical+Microbiology&rft.atitle=Protocol+for+Detection+of+Biofilms+on+Needleless+Connectors+Attached+to+Central+Venous+Catheters&rft.au=Donlan%2C+R+M%3BMurga%2C+R%3BBell%2C+M%3BToscano%2C+C+M%3BCarr%2C+J+H%3BNovicki%2C+T+J%3BZuckerman%2C+C%3BCorey%2C+L+C%3BMiller%2C+J+M&rft.aulast=Donlan&rft.aufirst=R&rft.date=2001-02-01&rft.volume=39&rft.issue=2&rft.spage=750&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+Clinical+Microbiology&rft.issn=00951137&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Biofilms; Catheters ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Serious adverse events attributed to nevirapine regimens for postexposure prophylaxis after HIV exposures--worldwide, 1997-2000. AN - 70589234; 11198946 AB - In September 2000, two instances of life-threatening hepatotoxicity were reported in health-care workers taking nevirapine (NVP) for postexposure prophylaxis (PEP) after occupational human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) exposure. In one case, a 43-year-old female health-care worker required liver transplantation after developing fulminant hepatitis and end-stage hepatic failure while taking NVP, zidovudine, and lamivudine as PEP following a needlestick injury (1). In the second case, a 38-year-old male physician was hospitalized with life-threatening fulminant hepatitis while taking NVP, zidovudine, and lamivudine as PEP following a mucous membrane exposure. To characterize NVP-associated PEP toxicity, CDC and the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) reviewed MedWatch reports of serious adverse events in persons taking NVP for PEP received by FDA (Figure 1). This report summarizes the results of that analysis and indicates that healthy persons taking abbreviated 4-week NVP regimens for PEP are at risk for serious adverse events. Clinicians should use recommended PEP guidelines and dosing instructions to reduce the risk for serious adverse events. JF - MMWR. Morbidity and mortality weekly report AU - Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) AD - Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) Y1 - 2001/01/05/ PY - 2001 DA - 2001 Jan 05 SP - 1153 EP - 1156 VL - 49 IS - 51-52 SN - 0149-2195, 0149-2195 KW - Anti-HIV Agents KW - 0 KW - Reverse Transcriptase Inhibitors KW - Lamivudine KW - 2T8Q726O95 KW - Zidovudine KW - 4B9XT59T7S KW - Nevirapine KW - 99DK7FVK1H KW - Index Medicus KW - Zidovudine -- therapeutic use KW - Occupational Exposure KW - Drug Eruptions -- etiology KW - Humans KW - Rhabdomyolysis -- chemically induced KW - Adult KW - Liver Failure -- chemically induced KW - Lamivudine -- therapeutic use KW - Male KW - Female KW - Reverse Transcriptase Inhibitors -- adverse effects KW - Nevirapine -- adverse effects KW - Chemical and Drug Induced Liver Injury -- etiology KW - Anti-HIV Agents -- therapeutic use KW - Nevirapine -- therapeutic use KW - HIV Infections -- prevention & control KW - Anti-HIV Agents -- adverse effects KW - Reverse Transcriptase Inhibitors -- therapeutic use UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/70589234?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=MMWR.+Morbidity+and+mortality+weekly+report&rft.atitle=Serious+adverse+events+attributed+to+nevirapine+regimens+for+postexposure+prophylaxis+after+HIV+exposures--worldwide%2C+1997-2000.&rft.au=Centers+for+Disease+Control+and+Prevention+%28CDC%29&rft.aulast=Centers+for+Disease+Control+and+Prevention+%28CDC%29&rft.aufirst=&rft.date=2001-01-05&rft.volume=49&rft.issue=51-52&rft.spage=1153&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=MMWR.+Morbidity+and+mortality+weekly+report&rft.issn=01492195&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 2001-01-25 N1 - Date created - 2001-01-24 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Nosocomial poisoning associated with emergency department treatment of organophosphate toxicity--Georgia, 2000. AN - 70576721; 11198947 AB - Emergency department (ED) staff caring for patients contaminated with toxic chemicals are at risk for developing toxicity from secondary contamination. This report describes three cases of occupational illnesses associated with organophosphate toxicity caused by exposure to a contaminated patient and underscores the importance of using personal protection equipment (PPE) and establishing and following decontamination procedures in EDs and other areas of acute care hospitals. JF - MMWR. Morbidity and mortality weekly report AU - Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) AD - Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) Y1 - 2001/01/05/ PY - 2001 DA - 2001 Jan 05 SP - 1156 EP - 1158 VL - 49 IS - 51-52 SN - 0149-2195, 0149-2195 KW - Insecticides KW - 0 KW - Index Medicus KW - Humans KW - Adult KW - Decontamination KW - Middle Aged KW - Poisoning -- prevention & control KW - Male KW - Female KW - Insecticides -- poisoning KW - Occupational Exposure -- prevention & control KW - Organophosphate Poisoning KW - Emergency Medical Services UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/70576721?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=MMWR.+Morbidity+and+mortality+weekly+report&rft.atitle=Nosocomial+poisoning+associated+with+emergency+department+treatment+of+organophosphate+toxicity--Georgia%2C+2000.&rft.au=Centers+for+Disease+Control+and+Prevention+%28CDC%29&rft.aulast=Centers+for+Disease+Control+and+Prevention+%28CDC%29&rft.aufirst=&rft.date=2001-01-05&rft.volume=49&rft.issue=51-52&rft.spage=1156&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=MMWR.+Morbidity+and+mortality+weekly+report&rft.issn=01492195&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 2001-01-25 N1 - Date created - 2001-01-24 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - An unmatched case-control study of nearly lethal suicide attempts in Houston, Texas: research methods and measurements. AN - 71304352; 11924698 AB - This article details the research methods and measurements used in conducting a population-based, case-control study of nearly lethal suicide attempts among persons aged 13-34 years, residing in Houston, Texas. From November 1992 to July 1995, we interviewed 153 case subjects presenting at one of three participating hospital emergency departments and used random digit dialing to identify 513 control subjects residing in the same catchment area in which cases were enlisted. Unlike most research in this area, this study was designed to extend our understanding of suicidal behavior and prevention activities beyond identification and treatment of depression and other mental illnesses. We discuss the overall strengths and weaknesses of our study design and conclude that this methodology is well suited for studying rare outcomes such as nearly lethal suicide. JF - Suicide & life-threatening behavior AU - Kresnow, M J AU - Ikeda, R M AU - Mercy, J A AU - Powell, K E AU - Potter, L B AU - Simon, T R AU - Lee, R K AU - Frankowski, R F AD - Office of Statistics and Programming, National Center for Injury Prevention and Control, CDC, Atlanta, GA 30341-3724, USA. mkresnow@cdc.gov Y1 - 2001 PY - 2001 DA - 2001 SP - 7 EP - 20 VL - 32 IS - 1 Suppl SN - 0363-0234, 0363-0234 KW - Index Medicus KW - Odds Ratio KW - Humans KW - Texas KW - Emergency Service, Hospital KW - Research Design KW - Alcoholism -- psychology KW - Catchment Area (Health) KW - Ethnic Groups KW - Risk Factors KW - Depression -- psychology KW - Adult KW - Case-Control Studies KW - Interviews as Topic KW - Adolescent KW - Female KW - Male KW - Suicide, Attempted -- psychology KW - Suicide, Attempted -- prevention & control UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/71304352?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Suicide+%26+life-threatening+behavior&rft.atitle=An+unmatched+case-control+study+of+nearly+lethal+suicide+attempts+in+Houston%2C+Texas%3A+research+methods+and+measurements.&rft.au=Kresnow%2C+M+J%3BIkeda%2C+R+M%3BMercy%2C+J+A%3BPowell%2C+K+E%3BPotter%2C+L+B%3BSimon%2C+T+R%3BLee%2C+R+K%3BFrankowski%2C+R+F&rft.aulast=Kresnow&rft.aufirst=M&rft.date=2001-01-01&rft.volume=32&rft.issue=1+Suppl&rft.spage=7&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Suicide+%26+life-threatening+behavior&rft.issn=03630234&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 2002-04-23 N1 - Date created - 2002-04-01 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - CDC's strategic plan for bioterrorism preparedness and response. AN - 71270420; 11880662 AB - The Department of Health and Human Services (DHHS) has played a critical lead role over the past two years in fostering activities associated with the medical and public health response to bioterrorism. Based on a charge from Secretary Donna Shalala in 1998, the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) is leading public health efforts to strengthen the nation's capacity to detect and respond to a bioterrorist event. As a result of our efforts, federal, state, and local communities are improving their public health capacities to respond to these types of emergencies. For many of us in public health, developing plans and capacities to respond to acts of bioterrorism is an extension of our long-standing roles and responsibilities. These are stated in the CDC Mission Statement: to promote health and quality of life by preventing and controlling disease, injury, and disability, and the Bioterrorism Mission: to lead the public health effort in enhancing readiness to detect and respond to bioterrorism. CDC's infectious diseases control efforts are summarized below: --Initially formed to address malaria control in 1946; --Established the epidemic Intelligence Service in 1951; --Participated in global smallpox eradication and other immunization programs; --Estimated 800-1,000 + field investigations/year since late 1990s; --New diseases: Legionnaire's Disease, toxic shock syndrome, Lyme disease, HIV, hantavirus pulmonary syndrome, West Nile, etc. -- Today: focus on emerging infections and bioterrorism. Over the past 50 years, CDC has seen a decline in the incidence of some infectious diseases and an increase in some, whereas others continue to present on a more unpredictable basis (i.e., hantavirus). Outbreak identification, investigation, and control have been an integral part of what we do for more than 50 years. We estimate that 800 to 1,000 field investigations have occurred every year since the late 1990s. Today, however, we have a new focus on emerging infectious diseases and bioterrorism. JF - Public health reports (Washington, D.C. : 1974) AU - Koplan, J AD - Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA 30333, USA. bdl2@cdc.gov Y1 - 2001 PY - 2001 DA - 2001 SP - 9 EP - 16 VL - 116 Suppl 2 SN - 0033-3549, 0033-3549 KW - Anti-Infective Agents KW - 0 KW - Abridged Index Medicus KW - Index Medicus KW - United States KW - Information Systems KW - Civil Defense KW - Laboratories KW - Humans KW - Public Health Administration KW - Research KW - Staff Development KW - Anti-Infective Agents -- supply & distribution KW - Population Surveillance KW - Planning Techniques KW - Disaster Planning -- organization & administration KW - Disease Outbreaks -- prevention & control KW - Bioterrorism -- prevention & control KW - Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (U.S.) -- organization & administration UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/71270420?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Public+health+reports+%28Washington%2C+D.C.+%3A+1974%29&rft.atitle=CDC%27s+strategic+plan+for+bioterrorism+preparedness+and+response.&rft.au=Koplan%2C+J&rft.aulast=Koplan&rft.aufirst=J&rft.date=2001-01-01&rft.volume=116+Suppl+2&rft.issue=&rft.spage=9&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Public+health+reports+%28Washington%2C+D.C.+%3A+1974%29&rft.issn=00333549&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 2002-03-22 N1 - Date created - 2002-03-07 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Precautions against biological and chemical terrorism directed at food and water supplies. AN - 71195492; 11571403 AB - Deliberate food and water contamination remains the easiest way to distribute biological or chemical agents for the purpose of terrorism, despite the national focus on dissemination of these agents as small-particle aerosols or volatile liquids. Moreover, biological terrorism as a result of sabotage of our food supply has already occurred in the United States. A review of naturally occurring food- and waterborne outbreaks exposes this vulnerability and reaffirms that, depending on the site of contamination, a significant number of people could be infected or injured over a wide geographic area. Major knowledge gaps exist with regard to the feasibility of current disinfection and inspection methods to protect our food and water against contamination by a number of biological and chemical agents. However, a global increase in food and water safety initiatives combined with enhanced disease surveillance and response activities are our best hope to prevent and respond quickly to food- and waterborne bioterrorism. JF - Public health reports (Washington, D.C. : 1974) AU - Khan, A S AU - Swerdlow, D L AU - Juranek, D D AD - National Center for Infectious Diseases, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA 30333, USA. ask0@cdc.gov PY - 2001 SP - 3 EP - 14 VL - 116 IS - 1 SN - 0033-3549, 0033-3549 KW - Abridged Index Medicus KW - Index Medicus KW - Humans KW - Water Purification -- standards KW - Needs Assessment KW - Water Purification -- methods KW - Population Surveillance KW - Decontamination -- methods KW - Global Health KW - Disaster Planning -- organization & administration KW - Risk Factors KW - Food Inspection -- standards KW - Food Inspection -- methods KW - Quality Control KW - Decontamination -- standards KW - Security Measures -- organization & administration KW - Chemical Warfare -- statistics & numerical data KW - Chemical Warfare -- trends KW - Disease Outbreaks -- prevention & control KW - Public Health Practice KW - Biological Warfare -- trends KW - Water Microbiology KW - Terrorism -- prevention & control KW - Food Contamination -- prevention & control KW - Terrorism -- statistics & numerical data KW - Food Microbiology KW - Water Pollution -- statistics & numerical data KW - Food Contamination -- statistics & numerical data KW - Biological Warfare -- prevention & control KW - Water Pollution -- prevention & control KW - Chemical Warfare -- prevention & control KW - Biological Warfare -- statistics & numerical data KW - Safety Management -- organization & administration KW - Terrorism -- trends UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/71195492?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Public+health+reports+%28Washington%2C+D.C.+%3A+1974%29&rft.atitle=Precautions+against+biological+and+chemical+terrorism+directed+at+food+and+water+supplies.&rft.au=Khan%2C+A+S%3BSwerdlow%2C+D+L%3BJuranek%2C+D+D&rft.aulast=Khan&rft.aufirst=A&rft.date=2001-01-01&rft.volume=116&rft.issue=1&rft.spage=3&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Public+health+reports+%28Washington%2C+D.C.+%3A+1974%29&rft.issn=00333549&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 2001-10-11 N1 - Date created - 2001-09-25 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Biological and statistical approaches to predicting human lung cancer risk from silica. AN - 71191596; 11570671 AB - Chronic inflammation is a key step in the pathogenesis of particle-elicited fibrosis and lung cancer in rats, and possibly in humans. In this study, we compute the excess risk estimates for lung cancer in humans with occupational exposure to crystalline silica, using both rat and human data, and using both a threshold approach and linear models. From a toxicokinetic/dynamic model fit to lung burden and pulmonary response data from a subchronic inhalation study in rats, we estimated the minimum critical quartz lung burden (Mcrit) associated with reduced pulmonary clearance and increased neutrophilic inflammation. A chronic study in rats was also used to predict the human excess risk of lung cancer at various quartz burdens, including mean Mcrit (0.39 mg/g lung). We used a human kinetic lung model to link the equivalent lung burdens to external exposures in humans. We then computed the excess risk of lung cancer at these external exposures, using data of workers exposed to respirable crystalline silica and using Poisson regression and lifetable analyses. Finally, we compared the lung cancer excess risks estimated from male rat and human data. We found that the rat-based linear model estimates were approximately three times higher than those based on human data (e.g., 2.8% in rats vs. 0.9-1% in humans, at mean Mcrit lung burden or associated mean working lifetime exposure of 0.036 mg/m3). Accounting for variability and uncertainty resulted in 100-1000 times lower estimates of human critical lung burden and airborne exposure. This study illustrates that assumptions about the relevant biological mechanism, animal model, and statistical approach can all influence the magnitude of lung cancer risk estimates in humans exposed to crystalline silica. JF - Journal of environmental pathology, toxicology and oncology : official organ of the International Society for Environmental Toxicology and Cancer AU - Kuempel, E D AU - Tran, C L AU - Bailer, A J AU - Porter, D W AU - Hubbs, A F AU - Castranova, V AD - National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, Education and Information Division, Risk Evaluation Branch, Cincinnati, OH 45226-1998, USA. ekuempel@cdc.gov Y1 - 2001 PY - 2001 DA - 2001 SP - 15 EP - 32 VL - 20 Suppl 1 SN - 0731-8898, 0731-8898 KW - Air Pollutants, Occupational KW - 0 KW - Silicon Dioxide KW - 7631-86-9 KW - Index Medicus KW - Threshold Limit Values KW - Rats KW - Animals KW - Risk Factors KW - Humans KW - Body Burden KW - Linear Models KW - Disease Models, Animal KW - Models, Biological KW - Risk Assessment KW - Lung Neoplasms -- etiology KW - Air Pollutants, Occupational -- adverse effects KW - Occupational Diseases -- etiology KW - Occupational Exposure -- adverse effects KW - Data Interpretation, Statistical KW - Silicon Dioxide -- adverse effects UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/71191596?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+environmental+pathology%2C+toxicology+and+oncology+%3A+official+organ+of+the+International+Society+for+Environmental+Toxicology+and+Cancer&rft.atitle=Biological+and+statistical+approaches+to+predicting+human+lung+cancer+risk+from+silica.&rft.au=Kuempel%2C+E+D%3BTran%2C+C+L%3BBailer%2C+A+J%3BPorter%2C+D+W%3BHubbs%2C+A+F%3BCastranova%2C+V&rft.aulast=Kuempel&rft.aufirst=E&rft.date=2001-01-01&rft.volume=20+Suppl+1&rft.issue=&rft.spage=15&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+environmental+pathology%2C+toxicology+and+oncology+%3A+official+organ+of+the+International+Society+for+Environmental+Toxicology+and+Cancer&rft.issn=07318898&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 2001-10-11 N1 - Date created - 2001-09-25 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - IgG subclass responses in experimental silicosis. AN - 71190504; 11570675 AB - Silicosis is a crippling fibrotic lung disease induced by inhaling crystalline silica. In addition to fibrosis, silica inhalation by humans is associated with a number of immunological effects including increased levels of serum immunoglobulins (in particular IgG), increased prevalence of autoantibodies, and autoimmune disease. Recent studies using rodent models have shown that experimental silicosis is associated with a T-helper (TH)1 pattern of T-cell activation in the lungs and lung-associated lymph nodes after silica inhalation, which are also the sites of increased IgG production. We therefore hypothesized that the subclass distribution of IgG production occurring in experimental silicosis would suggest TH1 activation as the primary stimulus for IgG production. Using an ELISPOT assay, we found increased IgG-secreting spot-forming cells of all IgG subclasses in lung-associated lymph nodes taken from silica-exposed rats 3 to 4 months after aerosol exposure to silica. Neither TH1- nor TH2-dependent IgG subclass-secreting cells were selectively enhanced. Our findings suggest that TH1 activation alone does not account for increased production of IgG in experimental silicosis. JF - Journal of environmental pathology, toxicology and oncology : official organ of the International Society for Environmental Toxicology and Cancer AU - Weissman, D N AU - Hubbs, A F AU - Huang, S H AU - Stanley, C F AU - Rojanasakul, Y AU - Ma, J K AD - Health Effects Laboratory Division, Analytical Services Branch, National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, Morgantown, WV 26505, USA. dqw4@cdc.gov Y1 - 2001 PY - 2001 DA - 2001 SP - 67 EP - 74 VL - 20 Suppl 1 SN - 0731-8898, 0731-8898 KW - Aerosols KW - 0 KW - Air Pollutants, Occupational KW - Immunoglobulin G KW - Silicon Dioxide KW - 7631-86-9 KW - Index Medicus KW - Th1 Cells -- immunology KW - Animals KW - Disease Models, Animal KW - Rats KW - Bronchoalveolar Lavage Fluid -- immunology KW - Lung -- immunology KW - Rats, Inbred F344 KW - Lung -- drug effects KW - Spleen -- immunology KW - Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay KW - Spleen -- drug effects KW - Administration, Inhalation KW - Bronchoalveolar Lavage Fluid -- cytology KW - Lymph Nodes -- drug effects KW - Male KW - B-Lymphocyte Subsets -- immunology KW - Lymph Nodes -- immunology KW - Immunoglobulin G -- blood KW - Silicon Dioxide -- administration & dosage KW - Silicosis -- immunology KW - Silicon Dioxide -- toxicity KW - Air Pollutants, Occupational -- toxicity KW - Silicosis -- etiology KW - Silicosis -- blood UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/71190504?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+environmental+pathology%2C+toxicology+and+oncology+%3A+official+organ+of+the+International+Society+for+Environmental+Toxicology+and+Cancer&rft.atitle=IgG+subclass+responses+in+experimental+silicosis.&rft.au=Weissman%2C+D+N%3BHubbs%2C+A+F%3BHuang%2C+S+H%3BStanley%2C+C+F%3BRojanasakul%2C+Y%3BMa%2C+J+K&rft.aulast=Weissman&rft.aufirst=D&rft.date=2001-01-01&rft.volume=20+Suppl+1&rft.issue=&rft.spage=67&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+environmental+pathology%2C+toxicology+and+oncology+%3A+official+organ+of+the+International+Society+for+Environmental+Toxicology+and+Cancer&rft.issn=07318898&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 2001-10-11 N1 - Date created - 2001-09-25 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Substance use and HIV disentagling the nexus of risk. Introduction. AN - 71154700; 11547611 JF - Journal of substance abuse AU - O'Leary, A AD - Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Division of HIV/AIDS Prevention, Behavioral Intervention Research Branch, National Center for STD, HIV, and TB Prevention, 1600 Clifton Road, MSE 37, Atlanta, GA 30333, USA. aoleary@cdc.gov Y1 - 2001 PY - 2001 DA - 2001 SP - 1 EP - 3 VL - 13 IS - 1-2 SN - 0899-3289, 0899-3289 KW - Index Medicus KW - Humans KW - Health Services Accessibility KW - Sexual Partners KW - Risk Assessment KW - HIV Infections -- complications KW - Substance-Related Disorders -- complications UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/71154700?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+substance+abuse&rft.atitle=Substance+use+and+HIV+disentagling+the+nexus+of+risk.+Introduction.&rft.au=O%27Leary%2C+A&rft.aulast=O%27Leary&rft.aufirst=A&rft.date=2001-01-01&rft.volume=13&rft.issue=1-2&rft.spage=1&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+substance+abuse&rft.issn=08993289&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 2002-01-09 N1 - Date created - 2001-09-07 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Substance use and sexual transmission risk behavior of HIV-positive men who have sex with men. AN - 71152235; 11547619 AB - We examined substance use in relationship to transmission risk behavior (unprotected insertive, UIAI, or receptive anal intercourse, URAI) between HIV-positive men who have sex with men (MSM) and their HIV-negative or unknown serostatus partners. Men who engaged in transmission risk behavior with casual partners were more likely than men who did not engage in such behavior to have used various substances. Users of certain drugs were specifically less likely to use condoms with HIV-negative or unknown status partners than users. Of men who drank alcohol, those who drank more frequently before or during sex engaged in significantly more UIAI with casual partners. Of men who used drugs, those who used more frequently before or during sex were more likely to engage in URAI with casual partners. In multivariate analyses, use of inhalants as well as drinking before or during sex predicted UIAI, while use of inhalants as well as noninjection drug use before or during sex predicted URAI. HIV prevention programs for HIV-positive MSM should focus on decreasing substance use and use specifically before or during sex. Developing prevention programs for substance-using MSM is critical to improve community health and decrease HIV transmissions. JF - Journal of substance abuse AU - Purcell, D W AU - Parsons, J T AU - Halkitis, P N AU - Mizuno, Y AU - Woods, W J AD - Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, 1600 Cliffton Road, MSE E-37, Atlanta, GA 30333, USA. dpurcell@cdc.gov Y1 - 2001 PY - 2001 DA - 2001 SP - 185 EP - 200 VL - 13 IS - 1-2 SN - 0899-3289, 0899-3289 KW - Index Medicus KW - Risk-Taking KW - Humans KW - Adult KW - Aged KW - Middle Aged KW - Male KW - HIV Infections -- transmission KW - Safe Sex -- psychology KW - Substance-Related Disorders -- psychology KW - HIV Infections -- psychology KW - Homosexuality, Male -- psychology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/71152235?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+substance+abuse&rft.atitle=Substance+use+and+sexual+transmission+risk+behavior+of+HIV-positive+men+who+have+sex+with+men.&rft.au=Purcell%2C+D+W%3BParsons%2C+J+T%3BHalkitis%2C+P+N%3BMizuno%2C+Y%3BWoods%2C+W+J&rft.aulast=Purcell&rft.aufirst=D&rft.date=2001-01-01&rft.volume=13&rft.issue=1-2&rft.spage=185&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+substance+abuse&rft.issn=08993289&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 2002-01-09 N1 - Date created - 2001-09-07 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Reproductive and contraceptive attitudes as predictors of condom use among women in an HIV prevention intervention. AN - 71134582; 11527100 AB - This study prospectively evaluates the effect of childbearing motivation and contraceptive attitudes on consistency of condom use among at-risk women enrolled in an HIV prevention intervention. Women (age 15-40, 85% African-American) were recruited from homeless shelters, drug treatment facilities, and public housing developments and assigned to standard or enhanced intervention conditions. Among the eligible study group of nonsterilized women with a main partner (n = 312), 24.4% wanted to have a baby at baseline; 43.5% believed their partner wanted them to have a baby. Women who reported a desire for a baby, compared to all others, were less likely to be at a higher level of condom consistency six months later (OR = 0.66; .48-.90). Women who perceived partner support for contraceptive use showed a higher level of condom consistency (OR = 1.20; 1.03-1.41) at 6-month follow-up. Many women in this study wanted to have a baby and this desire interfered with subsequent consistency of condom use. We also found that condom use increased toward consistency of use among women whose partner supported contraceptive use. HIV prevention interventions should include screening for reproductive motivation, so that prevention messages can be tailored to the realities of women's lives. Women who want a baby can be educated about disease prevention in the context of pregnancy planning and linked with appropriate services. Women who want to avoid childbearing can be given messages that emphasize the contraceptive benefits of condom use and that help strengthen partner support. JF - Women & health AU - Cabral, R J AU - Galavotti, C AU - Armstrong, K AU - Morrow, B AU - Fogarty, L AD - Division of Reproductive Health, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA 30341, USA. rxc1@cdc.gov Y1 - 2001 PY - 2001 DA - 2001 SP - 117 EP - 132 VL - 33 IS - 3-4 SN - 0363-0242, 0363-0242 KW - Index Medicus KW - Prospective Studies KW - Risk-Taking KW - Motivation KW - Humans KW - Philadelphia KW - Adult KW - Substance-Related Disorders KW - Interviews as Topic KW - Adolescent KW - Sexual Behavior -- psychology KW - Homeless Persons KW - Public Housing KW - Female KW - Contraception Behavior -- psychology KW - Condoms -- utilization KW - Women's Health KW - HIV Infections -- prevention & control KW - Health Knowledge, Attitudes, Practice KW - Safe Sex -- psychology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/71134582?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Women+%26+health&rft.atitle=Reproductive+and+contraceptive+attitudes+as+predictors+of+condom+use+among+women+in+an+HIV+prevention+intervention.&rft.au=Cabral%2C+R+J%3BGalavotti%2C+C%3BArmstrong%2C+K%3BMorrow%2C+B%3BFogarty%2C+L&rft.aulast=Cabral&rft.aufirst=R&rft.date=2001-01-01&rft.volume=33&rft.issue=3-4&rft.spage=117&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Women+%26+health&rft.issn=03630242&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 2001-12-04 N1 - Date created - 2001-08-30 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Injection safety. AN - 71098498; 11485652 JF - Emerging infectious diseases AU - Luby, S AD - Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia 30333, USA. sluby@cdc.gov Y1 - 2001 PY - 2001 DA - 2001 SP - 535 VL - 7 IS - 3 Suppl SN - 1080-6040, 1080-6040 KW - Index Medicus KW - Humans KW - Injections -- adverse effects KW - Blood-Borne Pathogens KW - Virus Diseases -- prevention & control UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/71098498?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Emerging+infectious+diseases&rft.atitle=Injection+safety.&rft.au=Luby%2C+S&rft.aulast=Luby&rft.aufirst=S&rft.date=2001-01-01&rft.volume=7&rft.issue=3+Suppl&rft.spage=535&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Emerging+infectious+diseases&rft.issn=10806040&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 2001-11-01 N1 - Date created - 2001-08-03 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Trends in human immunodeficiency virus diagnoses among women in the United States, 1994-1998. AN - 71096781; 11506153 AB - Since the introduction of combination antiretroviral therapy in 1996, acquired immune deficiency syndrome (AIDS) data no longer provide information about trends in human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) incidence; therefore, we used HIV surveillance data to describe recent trends in HIV diagnoses among women. Using HIV cases reported from 25 states with confidential HIV reporting, we examined new HIV diagnoses from 1994 to 1998 among women born between 1950 and 1979 by five-year birth cohorts. We adjusted for reporting delays and anticipated reclassification of cases reported without exposure risk. During the period, 24 171 cases of HIV infection were diagnosed among women. The annual number increased 4% from 1994 to 1995, then declined 12% from 1995 to 1998. The annual number of diagnoses attributed to heterosexual contact (HC) among women age 15 to 19 in 1994 (born 1975-1979) increased 117% from 1994 to 1998. Among older women, HC-related diagnoses remained stable or declined. The annual number of diagnoses attributed to injection drug use (IDU) among women age 15 to 19 in 1994 increased 90% from 1994 to 1998. The number of IDU-related diagnoses among older women declined between 31% and 59%. Diagnosis rates were higher among HC-related cases than among IDU cases. The rate for IDU-related diagnoses declined by nearly half over the period, but remained stable for HC-related diagnoses. HIV diagnoses among women decreased slightly between 1994 and 1998. As the youngest cohort of women reached the age where risk behaviors are initiated, however, the number of diagnoses attributed to IDU increased and the number of diagnoses attributed to HC more than doubled. It is in this youngest cohort, where risk behaviors have only recently been initiated, that HIV diagnoses most closely approximate trends in HIV incidence. JF - Journal of the American Medical Women's Association (1972) AU - Lee, L M AU - Fleming, P L AD - Division of HIV/AIDS Prevention-Surveillance and Epidemiology, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA 30333, USA. LMLee@cdc.gov Y1 - 2001 PY - 2001 DA - 2001 SP - 94 EP - 99 VL - 56 IS - 3 SN - 0098-8421, 0098-8421 KW - Index Medicus KW - Age Factors KW - Humans KW - Adult KW - Incidence KW - Middle Aged KW - Adolescent KW - United States -- epidemiology KW - Female KW - Women's Health KW - Substance Abuse, Intravenous -- epidemiology KW - HIV Infections -- epidemiology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/71096781?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+the+American+Medical+Women%27s+Association+%281972%29&rft.atitle=Trends+in+human+immunodeficiency+virus+diagnoses+among+women+in+the+United+States%2C+1994-1998.&rft.au=Lee%2C+L+M%3BFleming%2C+P+L&rft.aulast=Lee&rft.aufirst=L&rft.date=2001-01-01&rft.volume=56&rft.issue=3&rft.spage=94&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+the+American+Medical+Women%27s+Association+%281972%29&rft.issn=00988421&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 2001-08-30 N1 - Date created - 2001-08-16 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Teaming up to prevent foodborne disease. AN - 71069682; 11485650 JF - Emerging infectious diseases AU - Liang, A P AU - Koopmans, M AU - Doyle, M P AU - Bernard, D T AU - Brewer, C E AD - Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia 30333, USA. aliang@cdc.gov Y1 - 2001 PY - 2001 DA - 2001 SP - 533 EP - 534 VL - 7 IS - 3 Suppl SN - 1080-6040, 1080-6040 KW - Index Medicus KW - Food Contamination -- prevention & control KW - Food Handling -- legislation & jurisprudence KW - Humans KW - Food Handling -- methods KW - Global Health KW - Food Microbiology KW - International Cooperation KW - Foodborne Diseases -- prevention & control UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/71069682?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Emerging+infectious+diseases&rft.atitle=Teaming+up+to+prevent+foodborne+disease.&rft.au=Liang%2C+A+P%3BKoopmans%2C+M%3BDoyle%2C+M+P%3BBernard%2C+D+T%3BBrewer%2C+C+E&rft.aulast=Liang&rft.aufirst=A&rft.date=2001-01-01&rft.volume=7&rft.issue=3+Suppl&rft.spage=533&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Emerging+infectious+diseases&rft.issn=10806040&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 2001-11-01 N1 - Date created - 2001-08-03 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - SuppNotes - Cited By: Emerg Infect Dis. 1999 Sep-Oct;5(5):607-25 [10511517] Emerg Infect Dis. 2001 May-Jun;7(3):382-9 [11384513] N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Food safety and irradiation: protecting the public from foodborne infections. AN - 71063114; 11485644 JF - Emerging infectious diseases AU - Tauxe, R V AD - Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia 30333, USA. Rtauxe@cdc.gov Y1 - 2001 PY - 2001 DA - 2001 SP - 516 EP - 521 VL - 7 IS - 3 Suppl SN - 1080-6040, 1080-6040 KW - Index Medicus KW - Animals KW - Public Health KW - Humans KW - Food Contamination -- prevention & control KW - Food Microbiology KW - Food Handling -- methods KW - Foodborne Diseases -- prevention & control KW - Food Irradiation -- methods KW - Food Irradiation -- adverse effects UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/71063114?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Emerging+infectious+diseases&rft.atitle=Food+safety+and+irradiation%3A+protecting+the+public+from+foodborne+infections.&rft.au=Tauxe%2C+R+V&rft.aulast=Tauxe&rft.aufirst=R&rft.date=2001-01-01&rft.volume=7&rft.issue=3+Suppl&rft.spage=516&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Emerging+infectious+diseases&rft.issn=10806040&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 2001-11-01 N1 - Date created - 2001-08-03 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - SuppNotes - Cited By: Emerg Infect Dis. 1997 Oct-Dec;3(4):575-7 [9366612] MMWR Morb Mortal Wkly Rep. 2001 Apr 6;50(13):241-6 [11310569] JAMA. 1984 Oct 19;252(15):2048-52 [6481912] Emerg Infect Dis. 1997 Oct-Dec;3(4):425-34 [9366593] Am J Public Health. 1998 Aug;88(8):1219-21 [9702153] Int J Infect Dis. 2000;4(2):62-6 [10737840] J Infect Dis. 2000 May;181(5):1834-7 [10823796] Emerg Infect Dis. 1999 Sep-Oct;5(5):607-25 [10511517] MMWR Morb Mortal Wkly Rep. 1998 Dec 25;47(50):1085-6 [9883769] N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Environmental pesticide exposure in Honduras following hurricane Mitch. AN - 70837592; 11357206 AB - To investigate whether environmental contamination occurred in the wake of hurricane Mitch (30-31 October 1998), we conducted a population-based cross-sectional household survey in the barrio of Istoca, Department of Choluteca, Honduras. The goals were to evaluate chemical contamination of potable water and the extent of human exposure to chemicals as a result of extensive flooding. The survey consisted of an environmental exposure assessment, which included assaying water and soil samples for contaminants, and taking blood and urine samples from 45 adolescents aged 15-18 years. We also made a subjective questionnaire assessment of 155 households. There was significant contamination of the soil in Istoca, but no water contamination in the aftermath of hurricane Mitch. The soil levels of chlopyrifos and parathion were 30- and 1000-times higher, respectively, than the Environmental Data Quality Level. However, the most striking finding was the detection of elevated levels of chlorinated and organophosphate pesticides in adolescents. Toxicological analyses of serum specimens showed that 51% of the samples had elevated levels of 1,1-dichloro-2,2-bis-(p-chlorophenyl) ethylene (p,p-DDE) (range, 1.16-96.9 ng/ml) (US reference mean = 3.5 ng/ml) in adults). Dieldrin levels > 0.2 ng/ml were also present in 23% of the serum specimens (serum levels of this analyte in US adolescents are < 0.2 ng/ml). Of 43 urine samples analysed for organophosphate metabolites, 18.6% contained diethyl phosphate (DEP) at levels which were greater that the reference mean of 6.45 micrograms/g creatinine. We also detected elevated levels of p-nitrophenol (p-NP) and of 3,5,6-trichloro-2-pyridinol (3,5,6-TCPY) in 91% and 42% of the samples, respectively. The elevated levels of chlorinated pesticides were surprising, since although these substances were banned in Honduras 15 years ago it appears that they are still being used in the country. Moreover, elevated levels of organophosphates were detected in the study adolescents even three weeks after the hurricane. Since these chemicals are usually cleared from the body quickly, our data suggest that the adolescents face an ongoing threat from pesticide exposure. JF - Bulletin of the World Health Organization AU - Balluz, L AU - Moll, D AU - Diaz Martinez, M G AU - Merida Colindres, J E AU - Malilay, J AD - Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, National Center for Environmental Health, 1600 Clifton Road, MS E-23, Atlanta, GA 30333, USA. lib7@cdc.gov Y1 - 2001 PY - 2001 DA - 2001 SP - 288 EP - 295 VL - 79 IS - 4 SN - 0042-9686, 0042-9686 KW - Pesticides KW - 0 KW - Water Pollutants, Chemical KW - Index Medicus KW - Family Characteristics KW - Environmental Monitoring KW - Cross-Sectional Studies KW - Humans KW - Honduras KW - Surveys and Questionnaires KW - Adolescent KW - Male KW - Female KW - Pesticides -- analysis KW - Water Supply -- analysis KW - Pesticides -- poisoning KW - Environmental Exposure -- analysis KW - Disasters KW - Pesticides -- blood UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/70837592?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Bulletin+of+the+World+Health+Organization&rft.atitle=Environmental+pesticide+exposure+in+Honduras+following+hurricane+Mitch.&rft.au=Balluz%2C+L%3BMoll%2C+D%3BDiaz+Martinez%2C+M+G%3BMerida+Colindres%2C+J+E%3BMalilay%2C+J&rft.aulast=Balluz&rft.aufirst=L&rft.date=2001-01-01&rft.volume=79&rft.issue=4&rft.spage=288&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Bulletin+of+the+World+Health+Organization&rft.issn=00429686&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 2001-06-21 N1 - Date created - 2001-05-18 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Health effects related to environmental tobacco smoke exposure in children in the United States: data from the Third National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey. AN - 70641419; 11177060 AB - To determine the effects of prenatal and postnatal smoke exposure on the respiratory health of children in the United States. Nationally representative cross-sectional survey, including questionnaire information, measurements of serum cotinine (a metabolite of nicotine), and pulmonary function measurement, of 5400 US children. Children aged 4 to 16 years in the Third National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey, October 25, 1988, to October 15, 1994. We stratified the study participants into tertiles, on the basis of serum cotinine levels, and used logistic and linear regression modeling, adjusting for known covariates, to determine the effect of high environmental tobacco smoke (ETS) exposure (on the basis of a high cotinine level) on outcomes such as the prevalence of current asthma, the prevalence of frequent wheezing, school absence, and lung function. For children aged 4 to 11 years, we also determined the effect of prenatal maternal smoking on these outcomes. We observed effects of ETS exposure in all age groups, although the effects varied between age groups. Among all children significant effects associated with high cotinine levels were for wheezing apart from cold in the past year (odds ratio [OR], 1.8; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.1-2.8); 6 or more days of school absence in the past year (OR, 2.0; 95% CI, 1.4-2.8); and lung function decrements in the forced expiratory volume in 1 second (mean change, -1.8%; 95% CI, -3.2% to -0.4%) and the maximal midexpiratory flow (mean change, -5.9%; 95% CI, -8.1% to -3.4%). Although current and ever asthma were not significantly associated with high cotinine levels in the overall group (OR, 1.5; 95% CI, 0.8-2.7, and OR, 1.3; 95% CI, 0.8-2.2, respectively), they were increased significantly among 4- to 6-year-old children (OR, 5.3; 95% CI, 2.2-12.7, and OR, 2.3; 95% CI, 1.1-5.1, respectively). We investigated recent ETS exposures as important predictors of respiratory health outcomes in children 4 years and older. Environmental tobacco smoke exposure affects children of all ages, although the exact effects may vary between age groups. JF - Archives of pediatrics & adolescent medicine AU - Mannino, D M AU - Moorman, J E AU - Kingsley, B AU - Rose, D AU - Repace, J AD - National Center for Environmental Health, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, 1600 Clifton Rd, MS E-17, Atlanta, GA 30333, USA. dmm6@cdc.gov Y1 - 2001/01// PY - 2001 DA - January 2001 SP - 36 EP - 41 VL - 155 IS - 1 SN - 1072-4710, 1072-4710 KW - Tobacco Smoke Pollution KW - 0 KW - Cotinine KW - K5161X06LL KW - Abridged Index Medicus KW - Index Medicus KW - Respiratory Function Tests KW - Analysis of Variance KW - Humans KW - Linear Models KW - Cotinine -- blood KW - Predictive Value of Tests KW - Nutrition Surveys KW - Child KW - Pregnancy KW - Age Distribution KW - Child, Preschool KW - Cross-Sectional Studies KW - Logistic Models KW - Risk Factors KW - Surveys and Questionnaires KW - Absenteeism KW - Postpartum Period KW - Adolescent KW - United States -- epidemiology KW - Male KW - Female KW - Prevalence KW - Asthma -- epidemiology KW - Asthma -- etiology KW - Respiratory Sounds -- etiology KW - Tobacco Smoke Pollution -- statistics & numerical data KW - Tobacco Smoke Pollution -- adverse effects KW - Child Welfare -- statistics & numerical data KW - Asthma -- diagnosis KW - Respiratory Sounds -- diagnosis KW - Prenatal Exposure Delayed Effects UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/70641419?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Archives+of+pediatrics+%26+adolescent+medicine&rft.atitle=Health+effects+related+to+environmental+tobacco+smoke+exposure+in+children+in+the+United+States%3A+data+from+the+Third+National+Health+and+Nutrition+Examination+Survey.&rft.au=Mannino%2C+D+M%3BMoorman%2C+J+E%3BKingsley%2C+B%3BRose%2C+D%3BRepace%2C+J&rft.aulast=Mannino&rft.aufirst=D&rft.date=2001-01-01&rft.volume=155&rft.issue=1&rft.spage=36&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Archives+of+pediatrics+%26+adolescent+medicine&rft.issn=10724710&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 2001-03-15 N1 - Date created - 2001-02-22 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Strain-related differences of nonspecific respiratory defense mechanisms in rats using a pulmonary infectivity model. AN - 70592925; 11153062 AB - A number of animal studies have assessed pulmonary host defense mechanisms by inoculating the lungs with the bacterial agent, Listeria monocytogenes. Most studies use only a single strain of the animal to be tested; however, strain-related differences in responsiveness to pulmonary toxicants have been well documented. It was the goal of this current investigation to measure the pulmonary defense responses of two different strains of rats in a lung infectivity model. Fischer 344 (F344) and Sprague-Dawley (SD) rats were instilled intratracheally with 5 x 10(3) or 5 x 10(5) L. monocytogenes, and the effect on mortality, lung injury and inflammation, pulmonary bacterial clearance, and alveolar macrophage (AM) function was determined at 3, 5, and 7 days after bacteria treatment. Pulmonary inoculation with the higher (5 x 10(5) L. monocytogenes) dose proved to be highly pneumotoxic to the F344 rats as evidenced by an increase in mortality and more severe lung injury and inflammation when compared with the SD rats. After intratracheal instillation with the lower (5 x 10(3) L. monocytogenes) dose, pulmonary bacterial clearance was slowed and an increase in pulmonary responsiveness was observed for the F344 rats as compared to the SD rats. Specifically, the total number of neutrophils recovered from the lungs and tumor necrosis factor-alpha secreted by AMs were elevated for the F344 group throughout the 7 days, while cellular chemiluminescence, an index of reactive oxygen species production, and lung albumin and lactate dehydrogenase, indicators of injury, were increased at 3 and 5 days after bacterial instillation. This study demonstrated that respiratory defense function was compromised in F344 rats as evidenced by elevated mortality, slowed pulmonary bacterial clearance, and altered AM function. F344 rats may then represent a sensitive model for the examination of respiratory defense mechanisms after bacterial challenge. JF - Inhalation toxicology AU - Antonini, J M AU - Roberts, J R AU - Clarke, R W AD - Health Effects Laboratory Division, National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, 1095 Willowdale Road, Morgantown, WV 26505, USA. jga6@cdc.gov Y1 - 2001/01// PY - 2001 DA - January 2001 SP - 85 EP - 102 VL - 13 IS - 1 SN - 0895-8378, 0895-8378 KW - Albumins KW - 0 KW - Reactive Oxygen Species KW - Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha KW - L-Lactate Dehydrogenase KW - EC 1.1.1.27 KW - Index Medicus KW - Albumins -- metabolism KW - Reactive Oxygen Species -- metabolism KW - Animals KW - Listeriosis -- pathology KW - Disease Models, Animal KW - Listeriosis -- immunology KW - Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha -- secretion KW - Virulence KW - Rats KW - Macrophages, Alveolar -- metabolism KW - Rats, Sprague-Dawley KW - Rats, Inbred F344 KW - Listeria monocytogenes -- pathogenicity KW - Survival Rate KW - Luminescent Measurements KW - Bronchoalveolar Lavage Fluid -- microbiology KW - Colony Count, Microbial KW - Species Specificity KW - Bronchoalveolar Lavage Fluid -- cytology KW - Male KW - L-Lactate Dehydrogenase -- metabolism KW - Listeria monocytogenes -- immunology KW - Lung -- immunology KW - Pneumonia -- immunology KW - Pneumonia -- microbiology KW - Pneumonia -- mortality KW - Lung -- pathology KW - Lung -- metabolism KW - Immunity, Cellular -- immunology KW - Pneumonia -- pathology KW - Lung -- microbiology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/70592925?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Inhalation+toxicology&rft.atitle=Strain-related+differences+of+nonspecific+respiratory+defense+mechanisms+in+rats+using+a+pulmonary+infectivity+model.&rft.au=Antonini%2C+J+M%3BRoberts%2C+J+R%3BClarke%2C+R+W&rft.aulast=Antonini&rft.aufirst=J&rft.date=2001-01-01&rft.volume=13&rft.issue=1&rft.spage=85&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Inhalation+toxicology&rft.issn=08958378&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 2001-02-22 N1 - Date created - 2001-01-26 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Key challenges and concepts in health risk communication: perspectives of agency practitioners. AN - 70584130; 11141625 AB - The public demands that federal agencies provide information that is responsive to their fears and explains health risks clearly. In 1998 the Health Risk Communication Coordination Committee of the Agency for Toxic Substances and Disease Registry, a federal public health agency, conducted three focus groups with agency staff to identify current knowledge and understanding of health risk communication (HRC); HRC issues, problems, and best practices; and most appropriate HRC training content. The results indicate a need for clearer communications with communities, greater sensitivity to community concerns and fears, more balanced media coverage, and more accuracy in reporting, among other findings. JF - Journal of public health management and practice : JPHMP AU - Tinker, T L AU - Zook, E AU - Chapel, T J AD - Communications and Research Branch, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Agency for Toxic Substances and Disease Registry in Atlanta, Georgia, USA. txt2@cdc.gov Y1 - 2001/01// PY - 2001 DA - January 2001 SP - 67 EP - 75 VL - 7 IS - 1 SN - 1078-4659, 1078-4659 KW - Health technology assessment KW - United States KW - Focus Groups KW - Government Agencies -- organization & administration KW - Humans KW - Health Services Research KW - Interviews as Topic KW - Community-Institutional Relations KW - Public Opinion KW - Mass Media KW - Communication KW - Public Health Administration KW - Environmental Exposure -- adverse effects KW - Risk Assessment UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/70584130?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+public+health+management+and+practice+%3A+JPHMP&rft.atitle=Key+challenges+and+concepts+in+health+risk+communication%3A+perspectives+of+agency+practitioners.&rft.au=Tinker%2C+T+L%3BZook%2C+E%3BChapel%2C+T+J&rft.aulast=Tinker&rft.aufirst=T&rft.date=2001-01-01&rft.volume=7&rft.issue=1&rft.spage=67&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+public+health+management+and+practice+%3A+JPHMP&rft.issn=10784659&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 2001-01-25 N1 - Date created - 2001-01-04 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - CPAPER T1 - The Efficacy of Pre-Screening Telephone Sample Records T2 - Southern Sociological Society AN - 61722472; 2001S40098 AB - Commercial telephone sample providers offer services that allow the identification of (some) nonworking & business numbers before data collection begins, thus increasing sample calling efficiency. This paper evaluates the efficacy of such prescreening. The data are from the 1999 Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System survey, a nation-wide, state-based, monthly telephone survey. Sample records for the monthly surveys are generated quarterly from a sampling frame that includes zero-block telephone numbers. In 1999, DE called all of its prescreened numbers every month, & several other states called their prescreened numbers for one or more months. The paper reports on the extent to which prescreening correctly identifies nonworking & business numbers, the benefits -- measured in number of call attempts -- from not calling prescreened numbers, the noncoverage attributable to prescreening, &, in DE, seasonal differences in, & the effects of sample aging on, the efficacy of prescreening. In deciding whether or not to prescreen samples, survey sponsors must weigh increased calling efficiency against increased noncoverage. The geographic domain of the survey, the comprehensiveness of the sampling frame, the time of year, & the amount of time between prescreening & release of the sample affect both. JF - Southern Sociological Society AU - Mariolis, Peter Y1 - 2001///0, PY - 2001 DA - 0, 2001 KW - Telephone Surveys KW - Methodology (Data Collection) KW - Sampling KW - proceeding KW - 0104: methodology and research technology; research methods/tools UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/61722472?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Asocabs&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=conference&rft.jtitle=Southern+Sociological+Society&rft.atitle=The+Efficacy+of+Pre-Screening+Telephone+Sample+Records&rft.au=Mariolis%2C+Peter&rft.aulast=Mariolis&rft.aufirst=Peter&rft.date=2001-01-01&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Southern+Sociological+Society&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - Sociological Abstracts N1 - Date revised - 2009-03-10 N1 - Publication note - 2001 N1 - Last updated - 2016-09-28 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Reaching the Hard to Reach: Implications of the New View of Women's Sexual Problems AN - 61508655; 200206072 AB - Much of the research regarding women's sexual issues has focused on accessible groups of women. Women who are marginalized are often harder to reach. Thus, their needs & challenges are not as visible, nor as well addressed as those who have access to resources. This commentary describes the contribution that the document "A New View of Women's Sexual Problems" can make in addressing the sexual problems of women who are hard to reach. 3 References. Adapted from the source document. JF - Women & Therapy AU - Williams, Samantha P AD - Centers Disease Control & Prevention, Division STD Prevention, Behavioral Interventions Research Branch, Atlanta, GA stw8@cdc.gov Y1 - 2001///0, PY - 2001 DA - 0, 2001 SP - 39 EP - 42 VL - 24 IS - 1-2 SN - 0270-3149, 0270-3149 KW - Sexual Dysfunction KW - Access KW - Females KW - Marginality KW - article KW - 6148: problems of minority groups UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/61508655?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Asocialservices&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Women+%26+Therapy&rft.atitle=Reaching+the+Hard+to+Reach%3A+Implications+of+the+New+View+of+Women%27s+Sexual+Problems&rft.au=Williams%2C+Samantha+P&rft.aulast=Williams&rft.aufirst=Samantha&rft.date=2001-01-01&rft.volume=24&rft.issue=1-2&rft.spage=39&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Women+%26+Therapy&rft.issn=02703149&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - Social Services Abstracts N1 - Date revised - 2007-05-01 N1 - Last updated - 2016-09-28 N1 - CODEN - WOTHDJ N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Females; Sexual Dysfunction; Marginality; Access ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Youth Violence: Developmental Pathways and Prevention Challenges AN - 61475213; 200201988 AB - Youth violence is an important public health problem. During the latter half of the 1980s & early 1990s, the US witnessed unprecedented levels of violence among the nation's youths. Homicide remains one of the leading causes of death for young people aged 10 to 24 years. This paper reviews the major trends in homicide victimization & perpetration among youths during the past decade, the developmental pathways of delinquent & violent behavior & the context in which these behaviors occur, & some of the challenges associated with disrupting these pathways & preventing violence. Previous research reveals that multiple pathways lead toward violence & delinquency. Predicting which pathway a youth will follow, or if one will be followed at all, depends to some extent on a host of other biological, psychosocial, & environmental factors present as young people transition from early childhood to adolescence to early adulthood. Preventing violence requires a comprehensive approach that takes into account developmental needs, tasks, & supports. 2 Figures, 97 References. Adapted from the source document. JF - American Journal of Preventive Medicine AU - Dahlberg, Linda L AU - Potter, Lloyd B AD - Division Violence Prevention, National Center Injury Prevention & Control, Centers Disease Control & Prevention, Atlanta, GA ldahlberg@cdc.gov Y1 - 2001/01// PY - 2001 DA - January 2001 SP - 3 EP - 14 VL - 20 IS - supplement SN - 0749-3797, 0749-3797 KW - Prevention KW - Homicide KW - Juvenile Delinquency KW - Violence KW - Victimization KW - Youth KW - article KW - 6146: crime & corrections UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/61475213?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Asocialservices&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=American+Journal+of+Preventive+Medicine&rft.atitle=Youth+Violence%3A+Developmental+Pathways+and+Prevention+Challenges&rft.au=Dahlberg%2C+Linda+L%3BPotter%2C+Lloyd+B&rft.aulast=Dahlberg&rft.aufirst=Linda&rft.date=2001-01-01&rft.volume=20&rft.issue=supplement&rft.spage=3&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=American+Journal+of+Preventive+Medicine&rft.issn=07493797&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - Social Services Abstracts N1 - Date revised - 2007-05-01 N1 - Last updated - 2016-09-28 N1 - CODEN - AJPMEA N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Violence; Youth; Homicide; Prevention; Juvenile Delinquency; Victimization ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Emerging infectious disease issues in blood safety. AN - 20745588; 9421012 AB - Improvements in donor screening and testing and viral inactivation of plasma derivatives together have resulted in substantial declines in transfusion-transmitted infections over the last two decades. Most recently, nucleic acid testing techniques have been developed to screen blood and plasma donations for evidence of very recent viral infections that could be missed by conventional serologic tests. Nonetheless, the blood supply remains vulnerable to new and reemerging infections. In recent years, numerous infectious agents found worldwide have been identified as potential threats to the blood supply. Several newly discovered hepatitis viruses and agents of transmissible spongiform encephalopathies present unique challenges in assessing possible risks they may pose to the safety of blood and plasma products. JF - Emerging Infectious Diseases AU - Chamberland, ME AU - Alter, HJ AU - Busch, M P AU - Nemo, G AU - Ricketts, M AD - Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia 30333, USA., mchamberland@cdc.gov Y1 - 2001 PY - 2001 DA - 2001 SP - 552 EP - 553 PB - U.S. National Center for Infectious Diseases, 1600 Clifton Rd VL - 7 IS - 3 Suppl SN - 1080-6040, 1080-6040 KW - Virology & AIDS Abstracts; Risk Abstracts KW - inactivation KW - Viruses KW - Infection KW - Hepatitis KW - Transmissible spongiform encephalopathy KW - Blood KW - nucleic acids KW - Infectious diseases KW - infection KW - vulnerability KW - Nucleic acids KW - R2 23060:Medical and environmental health KW - V 22400:Human Diseases UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/20745588?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Ariskabstracts&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Emerging+Infectious+Diseases&rft.atitle=Emerging+infectious+disease+issues+in+blood+safety.&rft.au=Chamberland%2C+ME%3BAlter%2C+HJ%3BBusch%2C+M+P%3BNemo%2C+G%3BRicketts%2C+M&rft.aulast=Chamberland&rft.aufirst=ME&rft.date=2001-01-01&rft.volume=7&rft.issue=3+Suppl&rft.spage=552&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Emerging+Infectious+Diseases&rft.issn=10806040&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2009-06-01 N1 - Last updated - 2015-03-30 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Transmissible spongiform encephalopathy; Hepatitis; Blood; nucleic acids; Infectious diseases; Infection; inactivation; Viruses; infection; vulnerability; Nucleic acids ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Xenotransplantation: benefits and risks. AN - 20663855; 9420987 JF - Emerging Infectious Diseases AU - Chapman, L AD - Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia 30333, USA., lec3@cdc.gov Y1 - 2001 PY - 2001 DA - 2001 SP - 545 PB - U.S. National Center for Infectious Diseases, 1600 Clifton Rd VL - 7 IS - 3 Suppl SN - 1080-6040, 1080-6040 KW - Biotechnology and Bioengineering Abstracts KW - Xenografts KW - W 30965:Miscellaneous, Reviews UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/20663855?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Abiotechresearch&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Emerging+Infectious+Diseases&rft.atitle=Xenotransplantation%3A+benefits+and+risks.&rft.au=Chapman%2C+L&rft.aulast=Chapman&rft.aufirst=L&rft.date=2001-01-01&rft.volume=7&rft.issue=3+Suppl&rft.spage=545&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Emerging+Infectious+Diseases&rft.issn=10806040&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2009-06-01 N1 - Last updated - 2015-03-30 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Xenografts ER - TY - JOUR T1 - A study of burnout in accident investigators in the US mining industry AN - 18529925; 5510660 AB - The Maslach Burnout Inventory (MBI) was administered and scored for 154 Mine Safety and Health Administration (MSHA) employees from the US Department of Labor. These employees serve as accident investigators for serious accidents and fatalities as part of their job duties. During a workshop on stress designed for them, subjects volunteered anonymous written anecdotes, confirming and illustrating the findings. The subjects represented locations across the USA and all mining commodities: coal, metal, non-metal, stone, and sand and gravel. The Maslach Burnout Inventory assesses three aspects of experienced burnout: emotional exhaustion, depersonalisation, and reduced personal accomplishments. The average results of the scores for each of the three subscales for the study group of MSHA accident investigators fell in the moderate range. These scores show that the subject population was at some risk for emotional exhaustion and depersonalisation, tending toward burnout. The group evidenced a lower sense of personal accomplishment in their jobs, indicating a higher risk for burnout. From this outcome accident investigators may be at moderate (note: this does not mean average) risk for burnout. The authors recommend follow-up with this population specifically in training to work with grieving families; and greater organisational support for the accident investigators in this area would be appropriate. JF - International Journal of Emergency Management AU - Kowalski, K M AU - Podlesny, A AD - National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, Pittsburgh Research Laboratory, PO Box 18070, 626 Cochrans Mill Road, Pittsburgh, PA 15236, USA, Kkowalski@cdc.gov Y1 - 2001 PY - 2001 DA - 2001 VL - 1 IS - 1 SN - 1471-4825, 1471-4825 KW - accident investigators KW - burnout KW - working conditions KW - Health & Safety Science Abstracts KW - H 1000:Occupational Safety and Health UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/18529925?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Ahealthsafetyabstracts&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=International+Journal+of+Emergency+Management&rft.atitle=A+study+of+burnout+in+accident+investigators+in+the+US+mining+industry&rft.au=Kowalski%2C+K+M%3BPodlesny%2C+A&rft.aulast=Kowalski&rft.aufirst=K&rft.date=2001-01-01&rft.volume=1&rft.issue=1&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=International+Journal+of+Emergency+Management&rft.issn=14714825&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Overexertion Injuries in Home Health Care Workers and the Need for Ergonomics AN - 18418847; 5402924 AB - Home health care workers have high rates of back injuries and other musculoskeletal problems. This article addresses issues surrounding work-related overexertion injuries in home health care workers, including summaries of relevant research on workers in home settings as well as in traditional health care settings such as hospitals and nursing homes. The main work factors associated with these injuries are forceful exertions and awkward postures during patient- care tasks, especially while lifting and moving patients. Ergonomics-the design of work tasks to best accommodate natural human capabilities-is the most promising approach for preventing injuries, and for enhancing the comfort and safety of workers and patients. JF - Home Health Care Services Quarterly AU - Galinsky, T AU - Waters, T AU - Malit, B AD - NIOSH, 4676 Columbia Parkway, Mail Stop C-24, Cincinnati, OH 45226, USA, tgalinsky@cdc.gov Y1 - 2001 PY - 2001 DA - 2001 SP - 57 EP - 73 VL - 20 IS - 3 SN - 0162-1424, 0162-1424 KW - lifting KW - musculoskeletal system KW - overuse injuries KW - working conditions KW - Health & Safety Science Abstracts KW - H 1000:Occupational Safety and Health UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/18418847?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Ahealthsafetyabstracts&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Home+Health+Care+Services+Quarterly&rft.atitle=Overexertion+Injuries+in+Home+Health+Care+Workers+and+the+Need+for+Ergonomics&rft.au=Galinsky%2C+T%3BWaters%2C+T%3BMalit%2C+B&rft.aulast=Galinsky&rft.aufirst=T&rft.date=2001-01-01&rft.volume=20&rft.issue=3&rft.spage=57&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Home+Health+Care+Services+Quarterly&rft.issn=01621424&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Reactivity of Free Radicals on Hydroxylated Quartz Surface an Its Implications for Pathogenicity of Silicas: Experimental and Quantum Mechanic Study AN - 18346274; 5281383 AB - We studied the adsorption of hydroxyl radicals and superoxide anion radicals on a hydroxylated alpha -quartz surface using cluster and periodic slab models by means of density functional calculations. Models of two hydroxylated alpha -quartz surfaces--(0001) and (0111)--have been used in the simulations. The hydroxyl radical adsorbs readily on both surfaces. The subsurface Si-O bonds are weakened during the adsorption resulting in surface layer destabilization. This destabilization leads directly to surface disintegration in the case of times OH/(0111) adsorption. The product of the surface disintegration and reconstruction is a surface terminated by silanol groups (Si-OH) and siloxyl radicals (Si-O times ). The model calculations suggest that adsorption of times OH on a hydroxylated quartz surface transforms a chemically inert, aged, silanol terminated surface to a very reactive, silicon-based radical terminated surface. The activated surface may then cause oxidative damage to the adsorbed biomaterial. The superoxide anion radical adsorbs on both surfaces, but the adsorption products are only weakly bonded to the surface. The calculated energy barrier for the O times sub(2) super(-) activated subsurface Si-O bond dissociation is 10 kcal/mol, which is higher than for the times OH activated process (4 kcal/mol). The calculated weaker bonding to the surface and higher activation energy barrier suggest that the superoxide anion radical will be less efficient in reactivation of an aged, hydroxylated quartz surface than the hydroxyl radical. The importance of the specific geometry of the surface silicon atoms on the surface reactivity and adsorption properties is also discussed. The theoretical predictions are supported experimentally using chemiluminescence to monitor reactivation of the aged silica surface by superoxide anion radicals. JF - Journal of Environmental Pathology, Toxicology and Oncology AU - Konencny, R AU - Leonard, S AU - Shi, X AU - Robinson, V AU - Castranova, V AD - National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, 1095 Willowdale Rd., Morgantown, WV 26505-2888, USA, VCastranova@cdc.gov Y1 - 2001 PY - 2001 DA - 2001 SP - 119 EP - 132 PB - Begell House Inc. VL - 20 SN - 0731-8898, 0731-8898 KW - surface absorption KW - hydroxyl KW - Toxicology Abstracts KW - Silica KW - Pathogenicity KW - Free radicals KW - Models KW - Silicon dioxide KW - X 24155:Biochemistry UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/18346274?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxicologyabstracts&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Environmental+Pathology%2C+Toxicology+and+Oncology&rft.atitle=Reactivity+of+Free+Radicals+on+Hydroxylated+Quartz+Surface+an+Its+Implications+for+Pathogenicity+of+Silicas%3A+Experimental+and+Quantum+Mechanic+Study&rft.au=Konencny%2C+R%3BLeonard%2C+S%3BShi%2C+X%3BRobinson%2C+V%3BCastranova%2C+V&rft.aulast=Konencny&rft.aufirst=R&rft.date=2001-01-01&rft.volume=20&rft.issue=&rft.spage=119&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+Environmental+Pathology%2C+Toxicology+and+Oncology&rft.issn=07318898&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Silica; Free radicals; Pathogenicity; Silicon dioxide; Models ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Tractor-Drawn Mower Occupational Fatalities in Production Agriculture, 1992-1997 AN - 18339788; 5389866 AB - Data from the U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics' Census of Fatal Occupational Injuries were analyzed for patterns of occupational fatalities while using tractor-drawn mowers in production agriculture in the United States from 1992-1997. There were 126 deaths: 32% from tractor overturns and 29% as a result of "fell from and struck by" events. The majority of workers fatally injured were self-employed (98 deaths, 77%). Fatalities were concentrated in the South (67 deaths, 53%) and the Midwest (40 deaths, 32%). The crude fatality rate was 1.0 death per 100,000 workers (crop production 1.8 deaths per 100,000 workers, livestock production 0.4 deaths per 100,000 workers). Workers 65 years and older reported the most fatalities (62 deaths, 49%), for a rate of 3.4 deaths per 100,000 workers. This analysis shows that an average of 21 workers die each year from this single work activity. Prevention strategies should address Roll Over Protective Structures (ROPS), older workers, and hazard awareness. JF - Journal of Agromedicine AU - Adekoya, N AD - Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, National Center for Injury Prevention and Control, Division of Acute Care, Rehabilitation Research, and Disability Prevention, 4770 Buford Highway, NE, Atlanta, GA 30341, USA, nba7@cdc.gov Y1 - 2001 PY - 2001 DA - 2001 SP - 53 EP - 62 VL - 8 IS - 1 SN - 1059-924X, 1059-924X KW - roll over protective structures KW - tractors KW - Health & Safety Science Abstracts KW - Agriculture KW - Accidents KW - USA KW - Injuries KW - Motor vehicles KW - Occupational safety KW - H 1000:Occupational Safety and Health UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/18339788?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Ahealthsafetyabstracts&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Agromedicine&rft.atitle=Tractor-Drawn+Mower+Occupational+Fatalities+in+Production+Agriculture%2C+1992-1997&rft.au=Adekoya%2C+N&rft.aulast=Adekoya&rft.aufirst=N&rft.date=2001-01-01&rft.volume=8&rft.issue=1&rft.spage=53&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+Agromedicine&rft.issn=1059924X&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - USA; Agriculture; Accidents; Motor vehicles; Injuries; Occupational safety ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Protection of human subjects' rights in HIV-preventive clinical trials in Africa and Asia: experiences and recommendations AN - 18329341; 5377334 AB - In this paper, we review current guidelines in assuring the rights of study participants and review the experiences in three randomized, placebo-controlled, double-blinded clinical trials of potential new HIV prevention technologies. The education of study participants to obtain informed consent, reducing and monitoring risky behavior during a trial, and the role of community participation are discussed. Recommendations are made based on the authors' own observations and do not represent official recommendations of their organizations. JF - AIDS AU - Kilmarx, PH AU - Ramjee, G AU - Kitayaporn, D AU - Kunasol, P AD - HIV/AIDS Collaboration, DMS 6 Building, Ministry of Public Health, Tivanon Road, Nonthaburi 11000, Thailand, pbk4@cdc.gov Y1 - 2001 PY - 2001 DA - 2001 SP - S73 EP - S79 PB - Rapid Science Publishers VL - 15 SN - 0269-9370, 0269-9370 KW - HIV KW - clinical trials KW - Risk Abstracts; Virology & AIDS Abstracts KW - Clinical trials KW - Human immunodeficiency virus KW - Ethics KW - Reviews KW - Africa KW - Asia KW - R2 23020:Technological risks KW - V 22006:AIDS: Other aspects UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/18329341?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Ariskabstracts&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=AIDS&rft.atitle=Protection+of+human+subjects%27+rights+in+HIV-preventive+clinical+trials+in+Africa+and+Asia%3A+experiences+and+recommendations&rft.au=Kilmarx%2C+PH%3BRamjee%2C+G%3BKitayaporn%2C+D%3BKunasol%2C+P&rft.aulast=Kilmarx&rft.aufirst=PH&rft.date=2001-01-01&rft.volume=15&rft.issue=&rft.spage=S73&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=AIDS&rft.issn=02699370&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Human immunodeficiency virus; Africa; Asia; Reviews; Ethics; Clinical trials ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Consumer preferences for pathogen-reducing technologies in beef AN - 18285822; 5338879 AB - Two surveys were conducted by mail to evaluate consumers' preferences for beef treated by the steam and hot-water pasteurization technologies, in a comparison with beef treated by irradiation and nontechnology treated "regular" beef. More than 64% of the respondents reported that they preferred ground beef treated by irradiation to that treated by the two pathogen-reducing technologies. More than 87% of the respondents stated that they preferred ground beef treated by the two technologies to nontechnology treated beef. Sixty percent of the respondents reported that they were willing to pay for beef treated by the two pathogen-reducing technologies with an averaged willingness-to-pay of $0.36/lb over nontechnology treated beef. Compared with their counterparts; women, those having a better self-reported health status, and those with children at home ( less than or equal to 18 years of age) were more likely to report a preference for beef treated by the two heat-related pasteurization technologies. The income level of the respondents was negatively associated with their preferences for beef treated by the two heat-related pasteurization technologies. The strong consumer preference coupled with willingness-to-pay for beef treated by the two pathogen-reducing technologies, suggest that consumers are willing to bear the cost of using these technologies if beef packers would invest in such technologies as a means of improving the quality of their products. JF - Journal of Food Safety AU - Fingerhut, K AU - Zhang, P AU - Fox, J AU - Boland, M AD - Department of Agricultural Economics, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS 66502-4011, USA, paz2@cdc.gov Y1 - 2001 PY - 2001 DA - 2001 SP - 97 EP - 110 VL - 21 IS - 2 SN - 0149-6085, 0149-6085 KW - beef KW - pasteurization KW - Health & Safety Science Abstracts KW - Public opinion KW - Quality control KW - Economics KW - Food contamination KW - Technology KW - H 4000:Food and Drugs UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/18285822?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Ahealthsafetyabstracts&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Food+Safety&rft.atitle=Consumer+preferences+for+pathogen-reducing+technologies+in+beef&rft.au=Fingerhut%2C+K%3BZhang%2C+P%3BFox%2C+J%3BBoland%2C+M&rft.aulast=Fingerhut&rft.aufirst=K&rft.date=2001-01-01&rft.volume=21&rft.issue=2&rft.spage=97&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+Food+Safety&rft.issn=01496085&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Food contamination; Technology; Public opinion; Economics; Quality control ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Recent Trends in Participation in Physical Education Among US High School Students AN - 18268208; 5323065 AB - To examine recent trends in physical education (PE) enrollment, daily attendance in PE, and being physically active in PE among high school students in the United States, this study analyzed data from the 1991, 1993, 1995, and 1997 national school-based Youth Risk Behavior Surveys (n=55,734). Logistic regression analyses were conducted to test for significant linear time trends among the total student population and demographic subgroups (gender, race/ethnicity, and grade). Although PE enrollment in the total student population did not change from 1991 (48.9%) to 1997 (48.8%), the prevalence of students who attended PE daily, and the prevalence of students who were physically active >20 minutes in an average PE class both decreased significantly among nearly all demographic subgroups. The prevalence of students who were physically active >20 minutes in daily PE classes decreased from 34.2% in 1991 to 21.7% in 1997 (p<0.001). To reverse current trends, high schools should implement daily PE classes that emphasize participation in lifelong health-related physical activity for all students. JF - Journal of School Health AU - Lowry, R AU - Wechsler, H AU - Kann, L AU - Collins, J L AD - Division of Adolescent and School Health, National Center for Chronic Disease Prevention and Health Promotion, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Mailstop K-33, 4770 Buford Highway, NE, Atlanta, GA 30341, USA Y1 - 2001 PY - 2001 DA - 2001 SP - 145 EP - 152 VL - 71 IS - 4 SN - 0022-4391, 0022-4391 KW - Physical Education Index KW - High school students KW - USA KW - Participation KW - Physical education (secondary) KW - Sports (participation) KW - Trends KW - Attendance KW - PE 010:Physical Education: Curriculum & Teaching Methods UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/18268208?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aphysicaleducation&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+School+Health&rft.atitle=Recent+Trends+in+Participation+in+Physical+Education+Among+US+High+School+Students&rft.au=Lowry%2C+R%3BWechsler%2C+H%3BKann%2C+L%3BCollins%2C+J+L&rft.aulast=Lowry&rft.aufirst=R&rft.date=2001-01-01&rft.volume=71&rft.issue=4&rft.spage=145&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+School+Health&rft.issn=00224391&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - Physical Education Index N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Trends; Sports (participation); Physical education (secondary); Participation; High school students; Attendance; USA ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Preventing obesity in children and adolescents AN - 18259666; 5318356 AB - In this review, we address the natural history of obesity in children, the most promising family- and school-based approaches to the prevention of obesity, and the barriers and opportunities associated with secondary prevention. In childhood, the most important periods of risk appear to be the periods of adiposity rebound and adolescence. Caution regarding the period of adiposity rebound is still warranted, because it is not yet clear that early rebound is attributable to changes in body fat. Families and schools represent the most important foci for preventive efforts in children and adolescents. One productive approach is to proceed from an examination of factors that affect energy balance to the identification of more proximal influences on those factors. This approach may help to narrow the strategies necessary to prevent or treat childhood obesity. For example, television viewing affects both energy intake and energy expenditure, and therefore represents a logical target for interventions. Anticipatory guidance by pediatricians may offer an effective mechanism by which to change parental attitudes and practices regarding television viewing. A similar process is used to emphasize the potential influence of school-based interventions directed at changes in food choices and sedentary behavior. JF - Annual Review of Public Health AU - Dietz, W H AU - Gortmaker, S L AD - Division of Nutrition and Physical Activity, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, 4770 Buford Hwy NE, Mailstop K-24, Atlanta, GA 30341, USA, wcd4@cdc.gov Y1 - 2001 PY - 2001 DA - 2001 SP - 337 EP - 353 VL - 22 SN - 0163-7525, 0163-7525 KW - Physical Education Index KW - Obesity KW - Adolescence KW - Health (hazards) KW - Children KW - PE 030:Exercise, Health & Physical Fitness UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/18259666?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aphysicaleducation&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Annual+Review+of+Public+Health&rft.atitle=Preventing+obesity+in+children+and+adolescents&rft.au=Dietz%2C+W+H%3BGortmaker%2C+S+L&rft.aulast=Dietz&rft.aufirst=W&rft.date=2001-01-01&rft.volume=22&rft.issue=&rft.spage=337&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Annual+Review+of+Public+Health&rft.issn=01637525&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - Physical Education Index N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Obesity; Children; Adolescence; Health (hazards) ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Time Course of Pulmonary Response of Rats to Inhalation of Crystalline Silica: Histological Results and Biochemical Indices Damage, Lipidosis, and Fibrosis AN - 18228641; 5281373 AB - Previous studies have determined that alpha -quartz (crystalline silica) can cause pulmonary inflammation, damage, and fibrosis. However, the temporal relationship between silica inhalation and pulmonary inflammation, damage, and fibrosis has not been fully examined. To address this gap in our knowledge of silica-induced pulmonary fibrosis, a chronic inhalation study using rats was designed. Specifically, rats were exposed to a silica aerosol (15 mg/m super(3) silica, 6 h/d, 5d/wk, 116 d), and measurements of pulmonary inflammation, damage, and fibrosis were monitored throughout the study. We report (1) data demonstrating that the silica aerosol generation and exposure system produced a consistent silica aerosol of respirable size particles; (2) the time course of silica deposition in the lung; (3) calculations that demonstrate that the rats were not in pulmonary overload; (4) histopathological data demonstrating time-dependent enhancement of silica-induced alveolitis, epithelial hypertrophy and hyperplasia, alveolar lipoproteinosis, and pulmonary fibrosis in the absence of overload; and (5) biochemical data documenting the development of lipidosis, lung damage, and fibrosis. JF - Journal of Environmental Pathology, Toxicology and Oncology AU - Porter, D W AU - Ramsey, D AU - Hubbs, A F AU - Battelli, L AU - Ma, J AU - Barger, M AU - Landsittel, D AU - Robinson, V A AU - Mclaurin, J AU - Khan, A AU - Jones, W AU - Teass, A AU - Castranova, V AD - Pathology and Physiology Research Branch, Health Effects Laboratory Division, National Institutes for Occupational Safety and Health, 1095 Willowdale Road, M/S 2015, Morgantown, WV 26505, USA, VCastranova@cdc.gov Y1 - 2001 PY - 2001 DA - 2001 SP - 1 EP - 14 PB - Begell House Inc. VL - 20 SN - 0731-8898, 0731-8898 KW - rats KW - histology KW - lipidosis KW - Toxicology Abstracts KW - Inhalation KW - Silica KW - Fibrosis KW - Lung KW - Silicon dioxide KW - X 24152:Chronic exposure UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/18228641?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxicologyabstracts&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Environmental+Pathology%2C+Toxicology+and+Oncology&rft.atitle=Time+Course+of+Pulmonary+Response+of+Rats+to+Inhalation+of+Crystalline+Silica%3A+Histological+Results+and+Biochemical+Indices+Damage%2C+Lipidosis%2C+and+Fibrosis&rft.au=Porter%2C+D+W%3BRamsey%2C+D%3BHubbs%2C+A+F%3BBattelli%2C+L%3BMa%2C+J%3BBarger%2C+M%3BLandsittel%2C+D%3BRobinson%2C+V+A%3BMclaurin%2C+J%3BKhan%2C+A%3BJones%2C+W%3BTeass%2C+A%3BCastranova%2C+V&rft.aulast=Porter&rft.aufirst=D&rft.date=2001-01-01&rft.volume=20&rft.issue=&rft.spage=1&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+Environmental+Pathology%2C+Toxicology+and+Oncology&rft.issn=07318898&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Silica; Inhalation; Silicon dioxide; Lung; Fibrosis ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Reactive Oxygen Species and Molecular Mechanism of Silica-Induced Lung Injury AN - 18227859; 5281380 AB - Silica particles are considered to be fibrogenic and carcinogenic agents, but the mechanisms of disease initiation and progression are not fully understood. This article summarizes the literature on the generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) directly from interaction of silica with aqueous medium and from silica-stimulated cells. This article also discusses the role of ROS in silica-induced lung injury, with particular focus on the silica-induced NF- Kappa B activation, including the molecular mechanisms of its regulation, its possible attenuation, and its relationship to silica-induced generation of cyclooxygenase II and TNF- alpha . JF - Journal of Environmental Pathology, Toxicology and Oncology AU - Shi, X AU - Ding, M AU - Chen, F AU - Wang, L AU - Rojanasakul, Y AU - Vallyathan, V AU - Castranova, V AD - Pathology and Physiology Research Branch, National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, Morgantown, WV 26505, USA, xas0@cdc.gov Y1 - 2001 PY - 2001 DA - 2001 SP - 85 EP - 93 PB - Begell House Inc. VL - 20 SN - 0731-8898, 0731-8898 KW - mechanisms KW - NF- Kappa B protein KW - cyclooxygenase II KW - oxygen KW - tumor necrosis factor- alpha KW - Toxicology Abstracts KW - tumor necrosis factor-^a KW - NF-^KB protein KW - Silica KW - Lung KW - Free radicals KW - Silicon dioxide KW - X 24155:Biochemistry UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/18227859?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxicologyabstracts&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Environmental+Pathology%2C+Toxicology+and+Oncology&rft.atitle=Reactive+Oxygen+Species+and+Molecular+Mechanism+of+Silica-Induced+Lung+Injury&rft.au=Shi%2C+X%3BDing%2C+M%3BChen%2C+F%3BWang%2C+L%3BRojanasakul%2C+Y%3BVallyathan%2C+V%3BCastranova%2C+V&rft.aulast=Shi&rft.aufirst=X&rft.date=2001-01-01&rft.volume=20&rft.issue=&rft.spage=85&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+Environmental+Pathology%2C+Toxicology+and+Oncology&rft.issn=07318898&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Free radicals; Silicon dioxide; Lung; Silica ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Spectrum of cdk-9 inhibitor activity against HIV-1 replication among various models of chronic and latent infection AN - 18225955; 5294456 AB - The cellular transcription elongation factor, P-TEFb, and its kinase component, cdk-9, have been implicated in the regulation of HIV-1 transactivation and transcription. We tested a panel of demonstrated cdk-9 kinase inhibitors for the ability to block HIV-1 expression in a variety of cell models representing chronic and latent/inducible infection. These agents induced cellular toxicity, in accordance with their potency for cdk-9 inhibition, with more pronounced toxicity in cultures of T-cell lineage. These agents also inhibited HIV-1 expression, in accordance with their potency for cdk-9 inhibition, in several latent models tested (representing T-lymphocytic, promonocytic and promyelocytic lineages) and using various extracellular stimuli that activate HIV-1 expression via distinct intracellular pathways. Such was the case even though some of these cell models of latent/inducible HIV-1 infection harbour viral defects in the HIV-1 transactivation mechanism. Two additional cell models of latent/inducible HIV-1 infection, both derived from Jurkat T-lymphocytes, were relatively resistant to inhibition of viral expression by these agents. This apparent lack of effect was most likely due to the narrow therapeutic range of these agents in T-cell cultures. Inhibition of HIV-1 replication by these agents was also observed in two cell models representing constitutive viral expression in cells of T-lymphocytic and promyelocytic lineages. Overall, the observed pattern of viral inhibition with these compounds suggests that cdk-9 enzymatic activity is important for HIV-1 expression irrespective of cell lineage or cellular pathway of viral activation. However, because of the non-selective nature of these inhibitors, other cellular pathways must also be considered. Agents that target cellular components essential for HIV-1 expression may provide new therapeutic approaches to limit viral replication, especially when combined with potent antiretroviral regimens. JF - Antiviral Chemistry & Chemotherapy AU - Pisell, T L AU - Ho, O AU - Lee, G AU - Butera, ST AD - HIV and Retrovirology Branch, Division of AIDS, STD, and TB Laboratory Research, National Center for Infectious Diseases, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Ga, USA, sbutera@cdc.gov Y1 - 2001 PY - 2001 DA - 2001 SP - 33 EP - 41 PB - International Medical Press Ltd., 2-4 Idol Lane London EC3R 5DD UK, [mailto:imp@intmedpress.com], [URL:http://www.intmedpress.com/IMPWeb/Journals/AVCC/avcchome.htm] VL - 12 SN - 0956-3202, 0956-3202 KW - inhibitors KW - HIV-1 KW - Cdk9 protein KW - Microbiology Abstracts A: Industrial & Applied Microbiology; Virology & AIDS Abstracts KW - Latent infection KW - Drug resistance KW - Drug sensitivity testing KW - Antiviral agents KW - Transcription factors KW - Human immunodeficiency virus 1 KW - Lymphocytes T KW - Inhibitors KW - Cell lines KW - A 01068:Antiviral & viricidal KW - V 22003:AIDS: Immunological aspects UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/18225955?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologya&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Antiviral+Chemistry+%26+Chemotherapy&rft.atitle=Spectrum+of+cdk-9+inhibitor+activity+against+HIV-1+replication+among+various+models+of+chronic+and+latent+infection&rft.au=Pisell%2C+T+L%3BHo%2C+O%3BLee%2C+G%3BButera%2C+ST&rft.aulast=Pisell&rft.aufirst=T&rft.date=2001-01-01&rft.volume=12&rft.issue=&rft.spage=33&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Antiviral+Chemistry+%26+Chemotherapy&rft.issn=09563202&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-14 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Human immunodeficiency virus 1; Antiviral agents; Transcription factors; Inhibitors; Latent infection; Lymphocytes T; Cell lines; Drug sensitivity testing; Drug resistance ER - TY - JOUR T1 - The effects of restricted workspace on lumbar spine loading AN - 18217053; 5293058 AB - Coal miners often handle heavy electrical power cables, weighing up to 10 kg per meter. These cables are manually lifted and attached to the mine roof to prevent damage from mobile underground equipment. Data suggest that workers who commonly perform cable-handling tasks experience a high rate of lost-time back injuries. In this study, six male underground miners performed a total of 12 cable-hanging tasks in standing, stooping, and kneeling postures, during which kinematic and ground reaction force data were collected. Reductions in vertical workspace were found to result in a linear increase in the peak moment experienced by the lumbar spine (p 0.05). Average lumbopelvic flexion during the tasks was highest in stooping conditions. followed by standing and kneeling exertions (p < 0.05). Implications of this data with respect to design of cable handling tasks are presented and discussed. JF - Occupational Ergonomics AU - Gallagher, S AU - Hamrick, CA AU - Cornelius, K M AU - Redfern AD - National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH), P.O. Box 18070, Pittsburgh, PA, USA, sfg9@cdc.gov Y1 - 2001 PY - 2001 DA - 2001 SP - 201 EP - 213 VL - 2 IS - 4 SN - 1359-9364, 1359-9364 KW - electric cables KW - loading KW - spine KW - Health & Safety Science Abstracts KW - Materials handling KW - Occupational safety KW - Mining KW - Coal KW - H 1000:Occupational Safety and Health UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/18217053?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Ahealthsafetyabstracts&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Occupational+Ergonomics&rft.atitle=The+effects+of+restricted+workspace+on+lumbar+spine+loading&rft.au=Gallagher%2C+S%3BHamrick%2C+CA%3BCornelius%2C+K+M%3BRedfern&rft.aulast=Gallagher&rft.aufirst=S&rft.date=2001-01-01&rft.volume=2&rft.issue=4&rft.spage=201&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Occupational+Ergonomics&rft.issn=13599364&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Occupational safety; Coal; Mining; Materials handling ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Detection of DNA Strand Breaks, DNA-Protein Crosslinks, and Telomerase Activity in Nickel-Transformed BALB/c-3T3 Cells AN - 18213238; 5280817 AB - Although nickel compounds are known carcinogens, the underlying carcinogenic mechanisms are not fully understood. The objective of this research was to determine if the genotoxic lesions of DNA strand breaks and DNA-protein crosslinks are present in nickel-transformed BALB/c-3T3 cells, and to further elucidate the potential carcinogenesis of insoluble and soluble nickel compounds through telomerase activity in nickel-transformed BALB/c-3T3 cell lines. DNA strand breaks, DNA-protein crosslinks and telomerase activity were investigated by single cell gel electrophoresis (comet assay), super(125)I-postlabelling techniques, and the TRAP-silver staining assay, respectively. Results showed that both DNA strand breaks and DNA-protein crosslinks were present in nickel-transformed BALB/c-3T3 cells. However, the highest levels of DNA strand breaks and DNA-protein crosslinks were found in insoluble crystalline NiS-transformed cells and high levels of DNA strand breaks and DNA-protein crosslinks were also found in the transformed cells induced by two water-soluble NiCl sub(2) and NiSO sub(4) at moderate concentrations of cytotoxicity. These data suggest that these two genetic endpoints are useful biomarkers and are associated with cell transformation and carcinogensis of insoluble and soluble nickel compounds. Also, we found that the crystalline NiS- and NiCl sub(2)-transformed cells possessed a high telomerase activity. A weak telomerase was found in NiSO sub(4)-transformed cells. The results seem to indicate that in addition to crystalline NiS, some water-soluble nickel compounds such as NiCl sub(2) are also highly carcinogenic. These results may partly explain the cell transformation and relative carcinogenic potency of insoluble crystalline NiS, soluble NiCl sub(2), and NiSO sub(4). JF - Teratogenesis, Carcinogenesis and Mutagenesis AU - Lei, Yi-xiong AU - Chen, Jia-kun AU - Wu, Zhong-liang AD - Toxicology and Molecular Biology Branch, HELD, NIOSH, m/s 3014, 1095 Willowdale Road, Morgantown, WV 26505, USA, ybl3@cdc.gov Y1 - 2001 PY - 2001 DA - 2001 SP - 463 EP - 471 VL - 21 IS - 6 SN - 0270-3211, 0270-3211 KW - breaks KW - DNA strand breaks KW - Genetics Abstracts; Toxicology Abstracts KW - Transformation KW - Heavy metals KW - Telomerase KW - Nickel KW - Genotoxicity KW - Carcinogens KW - DNA damage KW - Comet assay KW - X 24165:Biochemistry KW - G 07221:Specific chemicals UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/18213238?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxicologyabstracts&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Teratogenesis%2C+Carcinogenesis+and+Mutagenesis&rft.atitle=Detection+of+DNA+Strand+Breaks%2C+DNA-Protein+Crosslinks%2C+and+Telomerase+Activity+in+Nickel-Transformed+BALB%2Fc-3T3+Cells&rft.au=Lei%2C+Yi-xiong%3BChen%2C+Jia-kun%3BWu%2C+Zhong-liang&rft.aulast=Lei&rft.aufirst=Yi-xiong&rft.date=2001-01-01&rft.volume=21&rft.issue=6&rft.spage=463&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Teratogenesis%2C+Carcinogenesis+and+Mutagenesis&rft.issn=02703211&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Genotoxicity; Transformation; DNA damage; Telomerase; Nickel; Heavy metals; Carcinogens; Comet assay ER - TY - JOUR T1 - A Qualitative Investigation of Perceptions of Violence Risk Factors in Low-Income African American Children AN - 18166727; 5142386 AB - Conducted a qualitative investigation to identify the perceptions of risk factors for violence in a sample of inner-city African American youth. Using ethnographic analyses, themes emerging from these data included concerns about the reciprocity between drugs and violence, familial quality of life issues, gender differences in the experience of violence and risk for violence, community safety concerns, and fears about managing peer relationships specific to violence. These data are interpreted relative to the risk factors the violence prevention literature has identified among youth residing in urban environments. Findings are discussed in terms of their potential contribution to generating hypotheses for the development of theory and effective violence prevention practice. JF - Journal of Clinical Child Psychology AU - Reese, LE AU - Vera, E M AU - Thompson, K AU - Reyes, R AD - Division of Violence Prevention, National Center for Injury Prevention and Control, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Mailstop K-60, 4770 Buford Highway, NE, Atlanta, GA 30341, USA, lir4@cdc.gov Y1 - 2001 PY - 2001 DA - 2001 SP - 161 EP - 171 VL - 30 IS - 2 SN - 0047-228X, 0047-228X KW - Risk Abstracts KW - Psychology KW - Socioeconomics KW - Children KW - Violence KW - Ethnic groups KW - Urban areas KW - R2 23110:Psychological aspects UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/18166727?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Ariskabstracts&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Clinical+Child+Psychology&rft.atitle=A+Qualitative+Investigation+of+Perceptions+of+Violence+Risk+Factors+in+Low-Income+African+American+Children&rft.au=Reese%2C+LE%3BVera%2C+E+M%3BThompson%2C+K%3BReyes%2C+R&rft.aulast=Reese&rft.aufirst=LE&rft.date=2001-01-01&rft.volume=30&rft.issue=2&rft.spage=161&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+Clinical+Child+Psychology&rft.issn=0047228X&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Psychology; Children; Violence; Socioeconomics; Urban areas; Ethnic groups ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Association among physical activity level, cardiorespiratory fitness, and risk of musculoskeletal injury AN - 18151639; 5167737 AB - To help public health practitioners promote physical activities with a low risk of injury, this study determined the relation among type and duration of physical activity, cardiorespiratory fitness, and musculoskeletal injury in a sample of adults enrolled in the Aerobics Center Longitudinal Study. Subjects included 4,034 men and 967 women who underwent a baseline physical examination between 1970 and 1985 and who returned a mailed follow-up survey in 1986. At baseline, a treadmill graded exercise test was used to measure cardiorespiratory fitness. At follow-up, subjects reported injuries and type and duration of physical activity in the preceding 12 months. Polytomous logistic regression was used to estimate the association among physical activity type and duration, cardiorespiratory fitness, and injury. The risk of sustaining an activity-related injury increased with higher duration of physical activity per week and cardiorespiratory fitness levels. Results suggest that cardiorespiratory fitness may be a surrogate for unmeasured components of physical activity, such as exercise intensity. Among walkers, increasing duration of activity per week was not associated with an increased risk of injury. Results suggest that, for most adults, walking is a safe form of physical activity associated with a lower risk of injury than running or sport participation. JF - American Journal of Epidemiology AU - Hootman, J M AU - Macera, CA AU - Ainsworth, B E AU - Martin, M AU - Addy, CL AU - Blair, S N AD - Division of Adult and Community Health, National Center for Chronic Disease Prevention and Health Promotion, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA 33041, USA Y1 - 2001 PY - 2001 DA - 2001 SP - 251 EP - 258 VL - 154 IS - 3 SN - 0002-9262, 0002-9262 KW - Physical Education Index KW - Physical fitness (status) KW - Musculoskeletal system KW - Epidemiology (exercise) KW - Injuries KW - Risk factors KW - Cardiorespiratory endurance KW - PE 030:Exercise, Health & Physical Fitness UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/18151639?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aphysicaleducation&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=American+Journal+of+Epidemiology&rft.atitle=Association+among+physical+activity+level%2C+cardiorespiratory+fitness%2C+and+risk+of+musculoskeletal+injury&rft.au=Hootman%2C+J+M%3BMacera%2C+CA%3BAinsworth%2C+B+E%3BMartin%2C+M%3BAddy%2C+CL%3BBlair%2C+S+N&rft.aulast=Hootman&rft.aufirst=J&rft.date=2001-01-01&rft.volume=154&rft.issue=3&rft.spage=251&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=American+Journal+of+Epidemiology&rft.issn=00029262&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - Physical Education Index N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Risk factors; Musculoskeletal system; Injuries; Physical fitness (status); Cardiorespiratory endurance; Epidemiology (exercise) ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Sexual Risk Behavior, Drug Use, and STD Rates Among Incarcerated Women AN - 18143027; 5290984 AB - Objective: To present a profile of long-term incarcerated women in two southern states. Methods: 472 women responded to interview questions assessing their arrest histories, STD rates, sexual risk behaviors, and drug/alcohol use. Results: Lifetime sexual behaviors were risky and drug use was high: 38.9% had been told they had an STD over the course of their lifetimes. Current risk behaviors were fewer: 17.8% of incarcerated women were sexually active while incarcerated (mostly with other women), and reported drug use was low. Conclusion: The drop in the number of risk behaviors among long-term incarcerated women presents an opportunity for risk reduction interventions aimed at post-release. JF - Women & Health AU - Hogben, M AU - St.Lawrence, J AU - Eldridge, G D AD - Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Mail Stop E-44, 1600 Clifton Road, Atlanta, GA 30333, USA, MHogben@cdc.gov Y1 - 2001 PY - 2001 DA - 2001 SP - 63 EP - 78 VL - 34 IS - 1 SN - 0363-0242, 0363-0242 KW - drug abuse KW - prisons KW - sexual behavior KW - sexually transmitted diseases KW - Risk Abstracts; Health & Safety Science Abstracts KW - Females KW - H 11000:Diseases/Injuries/Trauma KW - R2 23060:Medical and environmental health UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/18143027?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Ariskabstracts&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Women+%26+Health&rft.atitle=Sexual+Risk+Behavior%2C+Drug+Use%2C+and+STD+Rates+Among+Incarcerated+Women&rft.au=Hogben%2C+M%3BSt.Lawrence%2C+J%3BEldridge%2C+G+D&rft.aulast=Hogben&rft.aufirst=M&rft.date=2001-01-01&rft.volume=34&rft.issue=1&rft.spage=63&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Women+%26+Health&rft.issn=03630242&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Females ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Differential effects of octylphenol, 17 beta -estradiol, endosulfan, or bisphenol A on the steroidogenic competence of cultured adult rat Leydig cells AN - 18126964; 5212884 AB - In the current studies, we evaluated the effects of 4-tert-octylphenol (OP), endosulfan, bisphenol A (BPA), and 17 beta -estradiol on basal or hCG-stimulated testosterone formation by cultured Leydig cells from young adult male rats. Exposure of Leydig cells to increasing concentrations of OP (1 to 2000 nM), 17 beta -estradiol (1 to 1000 nM), endosulfan (1 to 1000 nM) or BPA (1 to 1000 nM), alone or with 10 mIU/mL hCG for 4 or 24 h, did not lower ambient testosterone levels, although cells exposed to higher OP concentrations + hCG for 24 h often had modest declines in testosterone (10 to 20%). Of interest, exposure to the highest concentration OP (2000 nM) alone for 4 or 24 h increased testosterone levels ( similar to 2-fold in 4-h exposed cells). Whether prior exposure to OP + hCG for 24 h affects the subsequent conversion of steroid substrates to testosterone over 4 h was evaluated. Progressive declines in 1 mu M 22(R) hydroxycholesterol, 1 mu M pregnenolone, or 1 mu M progesterone conversion to testosterone was observed beginning at 100 to 500 nM OP exposure (maximal declines of 40 to 12% of controls were observed); however, the conversion of 1 mu M androstenedione to testosterone was not affected by OP. These results suggested that 24-h exposure to OP + hCG has no effect on 17 beta -hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase, which converts androstenedione to testosterone, but that it inhibits the 17 alpha -hydroxylase/C17-20 lyase step, which converts progesterone to androstenedione. In addition, potentially, OP could inhibit cholesterol side/chain cleavage activity, which converts cholesterol to pregnenolone, and/or 3 beta -hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase, which converts pregnenolone to progesterone. Of interest, exposure to increasing concentrations of 17 beta -estradiol (1 to 1000 nM), endosulfan (1 to 1000 nM), or BPA (1 to 1000 nM) + hCG for 24 h had no effect on subsequent conversion of 22(R)hydroxycholesterol to testosterone. Furthermore, the inhibiting effects of OP + hCG exposure on subsequent conversion of progesterone to testosterone was unaffected by concomitant exposure to the pure estrogen antagonist, ICI 182,780, or the antioxidants, ascorbate or dimethyl sulfoxide, suggesting that the actions of OP are not mediated through binding to estrogen receptor alpha or beta or by free radical induced damage to steroidogenic enzymes, respectively. These results demonstrate that direct exposure of adult Leydig cells to OP may have subtle effects on their ability to produce testosterone, which may not be detected by measuring ambient androgen levels. In addition, the effects of OP on Leydig cell testosterone formation appear to be different from those of the native estrogen, 17 beta -estradiol, and from other reported weak xenoestrogens such as endosulfan and BPA. JF - Reproductive Toxicology AU - Murono, E P AU - Derk, R C AU - De Leon, JH AD - Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, Health Effects Laboratory Division, Pathology and Physiology Research Branch, M/S L-2015, 1095 Willowdale Road, Morgantown, WV, 26505-2888, USA, eem8@cdc.gov Y1 - 2001 PY - 2001 DA - 2001 SP - 551 EP - 560 VL - 15 IS - 5 SN - 0890-6238, 0890-6238 KW - 17 beta -Estradiol KW - octylphenol KW - Toxicology Abstracts KW - 17^b-Estradiol KW - Bisphenol A KW - Testosterone KW - Leydig cells KW - Steroid hormones KW - Endosulfan KW - X 24240:Miscellaneous UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/18126964?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxicologyabstracts&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Reproductive+Toxicology&rft.atitle=Differential+effects+of+octylphenol%2C+17+beta+-estradiol%2C+endosulfan%2C+or+bisphenol+A+on+the+steroidogenic+competence+of+cultured+adult+rat+Leydig+cells&rft.au=Murono%2C+E+P%3BDerk%2C+R+C%3BDe+Leon%2C+JH&rft.aulast=Murono&rft.aufirst=E&rft.date=2001-01-01&rft.volume=15&rft.issue=5&rft.spage=551&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Reproductive+Toxicology&rft.issn=08906238&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Bisphenol A; Endosulfan; Leydig cells; Testosterone; Steroid hormones ER - TY - JOUR T1 - An Outbreak of Campylobacter jejuni Infections Associated with Food Handler Contamination: The Use of Pulsed-Field Gel Electrophoresis AN - 18075020; 5149097 AB - In 1998, an outbreak of Campylobacter jejuni infections occurred in Kansas among persons attending a school luncheon; community cases were also reported. In a cohort study of luncheon attendees, 27 (17%) of 161 persons reported illness. Consuming gravy (relative risk [RR], 4.2; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.5-11.7) or pineapple (RR, 2.4; 95% CI, 1.0-5.7) was associated with illness. Both foods were prepared in a kitchen that served 6 other schools where no illness was reported. A cafeteria worker at the luncheon had a diarrheal illness and was the likely source of the outbreak. The pulsed-field gel electrophoresis (PFGE) patterns of the isolates from the food handler and those of 8 lunch attendees were indistinguishable. Isolates from 4 community patients differed. This was the first use of PFGE in a Campylobacter outbreak in the United States; its use was critical in determining that community cases were not linked. JF - Journal of Infectious Diseases AU - Olsen, S J AU - Hansen, G R AU - Bartlett, L AU - Fitzgerald, C AU - Sonder, A AU - Manjrekar, R AU - Riggs, T AU - Kim, J AU - Flahart, R AU - Pezzino, G AU - Swerdlow, D L AD - Foodborne and Diarrheal Diseases Branch, Division of Bacterial and Mycotic Diseases, and International Child Survival, Division of Parasitic Diseases, National Center for Infectious Diseases, Epidemic Intelligence Service, Division of Applied Public Health Training, and Division of Prevention Research and Analytic Methods, Epidemiology Program Office, and Pregnancy and Infant Health Branch, Division of Reproductive Health, National Center for Chronic Disease Prevention and Health Promotion, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia, USA Y1 - 2001/01// PY - 2001 DA - Jan 2001 SP - 164 EP - 167 VL - 183 IS - 1 SN - 0022-1899, 0022-1899 KW - Microbiology Abstracts B: Bacteriology KW - Diarrhea KW - Campylobacter jejuni KW - Pulsed-field gel electrophoresis KW - Food-borne diseases KW - J 02846:Gastrointestinal tract UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/18075020?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologyb&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Infectious+Diseases&rft.atitle=An+Outbreak+of+Campylobacter+jejuni+Infections+Associated+with+Food+Handler+Contamination%3A+The+Use+of+Pulsed-Field+Gel+Electrophoresis&rft.au=Olsen%2C+S+J%3BHansen%2C+G+R%3BBartlett%2C+L%3BFitzgerald%2C+C%3BSonder%2C+A%3BManjrekar%2C+R%3BRiggs%2C+T%3BKim%2C+J%3BFlahart%2C+R%3BPezzino%2C+G%3BSwerdlow%2C+D+L&rft.aulast=Olsen&rft.aufirst=S&rft.date=2001-01-01&rft.volume=183&rft.issue=1&rft.spage=164&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+Infectious+Diseases&rft.issn=00221899&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Campylobacter jejuni; Food-borne diseases; Diarrhea; Pulsed-field gel electrophoresis ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Developmental Toxicity Interactions of Methanol and Radiofrequency Radiation or 2-Methoxyethanol in Rats AN - 17907731; 5164760 AB - This research was undertaken to determine potential interactions among chemical and physical agents. Radiofrequency (RF) radiation is used in numerous workplaces, and many workers are concurrently exposed to RF radiation and various chemicals. The developmental toxicity of RF radiation is associated with the degree and duration of hyperthermia induced by the exposure. Previous animal research indicates that hyperthermia induced by an elevation in ambient temperature can potentiate the toxicity and teratogenicity of some chemical agents. We previously demonstrated that combined exposure to RF radiation (10 MHz) and the industrial solvent, 2-methoxyethanol (2ME), enhanced teratogenicity in rats. Interactions were noted at even the lowest levels of 2ME tested, but only at hyperthermic levels of RF radiation. The purpose of the present research is to investigate if the interactive effects noted for RF radiation and 2ME are unique to these agents, or if similar interactions might be seen with other chemicals. Because methanol is widely used as a solvent as well as fuel additive, and, at high levels, is teratogenic in animals, we selected methanol as a chemical to address generalizability. Based on the literature and our pilot studies, 0, 2, or 3 g/kg methanol (twice, at 6-hour intervals) were administered on gestation day 9 or 13 to groups of 10 Sprague-Dawley rats. Dams treated on day 9 were given methanol and exposed to RF radiation sufficient to maintain colonic temperature at 41 degree C for 60 minutes (or sham). Those treated on day 13 were given methanol plus either 0 or 100 mg/kg 2ME. Because we observed that methanol produced hypothermia, some groups were given the initial dose of methanol concurrently with the RF or 2ME, and others were given the first dose of methanol 1.5 hours prior to RF or 2ME. Dams were sacrificed on gestation day 20, and the fetuses were examined for external malformations. The results indicate that RF radiation or methanol on day 9 increased the incidence of resorbed fetuses, but no interactive effects were observed. The resorptions were highest in groups given the experimental treatments 1.5 hours apart. The higher dose of methanol also reduced fetal weights. Administration of 2ME or methanol on day 13 increased the rate of malformations, and there was evidence of a positive interaction between 2ME and methanol. Fetal weights were reduced by 2ME and methanol alone, but no interaction was observed. Also, separation of the dosing with the teratogens did not affect the results. These results point out that interactions in developmental toxicology, such as those of RF radiation, 2ME, and methanol that we have studied, are complex, and such interactions cannot be fully understood or predicted without more research. It is important that combined exposure effects be considered when developing both physical agent and chemical agent exposure guidelines and intervention strategies. JF - International Journal of Toxicology AU - Nelson, B K AU - Snyder, D L AU - Shaw, P B AD - NIOSH C-24, 4676 Columbia Parkway, Cincinnati, OH 45226, USA, bknelson@cdc.gov Y1 - 2001 PY - 2001 DA - 2001 SP - 89 EP - 100 VL - 20 IS - 2 SN - 1091-5818, 1091-5818 KW - rats KW - 2-methoxyethanol KW - methyl cellosolve KW - Toxicology Abstracts KW - Electromagnetic radiation KW - Radiation KW - Methanol KW - Teratogenicity KW - X 24210:Radiation & radioactive materials KW - X 24152:Chronic exposure UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/17907731?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxicologyabstracts&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=International+Journal+of+Toxicology&rft.atitle=Developmental+Toxicity+Interactions+of+Methanol+and+Radiofrequency+Radiation+or+2-Methoxyethanol+in+Rats&rft.au=Nelson%2C+B+K%3BSnyder%2C+D+L%3BShaw%2C+P+B&rft.aulast=Nelson&rft.aufirst=B&rft.date=2001-01-01&rft.volume=20&rft.issue=2&rft.spage=89&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=International+Journal+of+Toxicology&rft.issn=10915818&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Radiation; Methanol; Electromagnetic radiation; Teratogenicity ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Nonfatal occupational injuries among African American women by industrial group AN - 17901407; 5142823 AB - This study examined characteristics of nonfatal work-related injuries treated in emergency departments (EDs) among African American women by industry in the U.S. in 1996. Injury data were from the National Electronic Injury Surveillance System (NEISS). Employment data were from the Current Population Survey (CPS). In 1996, African American women, age 16 or older, were treated in EDs for an estimated 158,335 nonfatal work-related injuries (2.6/100 full-time equivalents, FTEs). Of these injuries, 39% occurred in healthcare, 14% in retail trade, and 12% in manufacturing. Healthcare experienced the highest injury rate of 5.1/100 FTEs, followed by a rate of 2.6/100 FTEs in retail trade. This study is the first report on work-related injuries treated in EDs among African American women by industry on a national level. Injury patterns varied by industry in terms of source, event, diagnoses, and body part. For example, in healthcare the leading source involved interactions with patients and the leading event was physical exertion; whereas in retail trade the leading source was structures and surfaces, and the leading event was contact with objects. These findings demonstrate that nonfatal work-related injuries are often concentrated in certain high-risk industries, such as healthcare, manufacturing, and retail trade. To improve occupational safety and health for African American women, future research activities and prevention strategies should address the high-risk industries identified in this analysis. JF - Journal of Safety Research AU - Chen, Guang-Xiang AU - Hendricks, K J AD - NIOSH/DSR, 1095 Willowdale Road, Morgantown, WV 26505, USA, gdc0@cdc.gov Y1 - 2001 PY - 2001 DA - 2001 SP - 75 EP - 84 VL - 32 IS - 1 SN - 0022-4375, 0022-4375 KW - African Americans KW - emergency medical services KW - Health & Safety Science Abstracts KW - Accidents KW - Injuries KW - Occupational safety KW - Females KW - Ethnic groups KW - H 1000:Occupational Safety and Health UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/17901407?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Ahealthsafetyabstracts&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Safety+Research&rft.atitle=Nonfatal+occupational+injuries+among+African+American+women+by+industrial+group&rft.au=Chen%2C+Guang-Xiang%3BHendricks%2C+K+J&rft.aulast=Chen&rft.aufirst=Guang-Xiang&rft.date=2001-01-01&rft.volume=32&rft.issue=1&rft.spage=75&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+Safety+Research&rft.issn=00224375&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Ethnic groups; Females; Accidents; Injuries; Occupational safety ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Detection of microbial antigens in metal working fluids AN - 17875494; 5121840 AB - In recent years there have been several reports of hypersensitivity pneumonitis (HP) or an HP-like illness occurring among machinists working with water-based metal working fluids (MWF). Microbial contamination of the MWF is common and microbial agents have been suspected to be causal agents for the HP-like illness, but no specific etiologic agent has been identified to date. In particular, gram negative bacteria and biocide resistant mycobacterial species may colonize the MWF, and may stimulate an inflammatory response if inhaled. Because direct culture techniques provide data only about viable organisms present at the time the sample was collected, we have been evaluating techniques to detect microbial substances (antigens) that may be present and persist in the MWF. We have found that the endotoxin of gram negative bacteria can be detected in MWF using the limulus amoebocyte lysate (LAL) assay, and may be present in high concentrations. In addition, MWF samples have been analyzed by Western Blot techniques using polyclonal antibodies to mycobacteria to demonstrate the presence of mycobacterial antigens in these samples. The use of non-culture-based techniques for the assessment of microbial contamination of MWF may help to determine the role of microorganisms in the etiology of HP associated with MWF exposure. JF - International Biodeterioration & Biodegradation AU - Lewis, D M AU - Janotka, E AU - Whitmer, M P AU - Bledsoe, T A AD - Analytical Services Branch, Health Effects Laboratory Division, National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, 1095 Willowdale Road, Morgantown, WV 26505, USA, dml1@cdc.gov Y1 - 2001 PY - 2001 DA - 2001 SP - 89 EP - 94 VL - 47 IS - 2 SN - 0964-8305, 0964-8305 KW - Microbiology Abstracts A: Industrial & Applied Microbiology KW - Endotoxins KW - Western blotting KW - Antigens KW - Mycobacterium KW - Gram-negative bacteria KW - Polyclonal antibodies KW - Metal-working fluids KW - A 01116:Bacteria UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/17875494?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologya&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=International+Biodeterioration+%26+Biodegradation&rft.atitle=Detection+of+microbial+antigens+in+metal+working+fluids&rft.au=Lewis%2C+D+M%3BJanotka%2C+E%3BWhitmer%2C+M+P%3BBledsoe%2C+T+A&rft.aulast=Lewis&rft.aufirst=D&rft.date=2001-01-01&rft.volume=47&rft.issue=2&rft.spage=89&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=International+Biodeterioration+%26+Biodegradation&rft.issn=09648305&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - SuppNotes - Special Issue: Biodeterioration Problems of Industrial Concern, Part I. N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Mycobacterium; Antigens; Metal-working fluids; Endotoxins; Gram-negative bacteria; Western blotting; Polyclonal antibodies ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Waterborne diseases in Europe--1986-96 AN - 17866783; 5112080 AB - Waterborne diseases have been linked to preventable illness and death throughout the world. Such illnesses may also have substantial economic consequences for the affected patients, their families, and society as a whole as a result of the cost of health care and lost productivity. To date, no reliable data are available to estimate the burden of water-related diseases and waterborne disease outbreaks (WBDOs) in Europe. This study was conducted to analyze available data on waterborne diseases in Europe collected by the World Health Organization/European Region (WHO/EURO) in preparation for the Third European Ministerial Conference on Environment and Health in 1999. JF - Journal of the American Water Works Association AU - Kramer, M H AU - Quade, G AU - Hartemann, P AU - Exner, M AD - Epidemiology Program Office, Mailstop K-72, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, 4770 Buford Hwy. NE, Atlanta, GA 30341, USA, mdk5@cdc.gov Y1 - 2001/01// PY - 2001 DA - January 2001 SP - 48 EP - 53 VL - 93 IS - 1 SN - 0003-150X, 0003-150X KW - Europe KW - outbreaks KW - water-borne diseases KW - Health & Safety Science Abstracts; Pollution Abstracts; Water Resources Abstracts; Risk Abstracts; Aqualine Abstracts KW - Mortality KW - Organizations KW - Water Quality KW - Water Supply KW - Water resources KW - Socioeconomics KW - Economic Aspects KW - Data collections KW - Water supplies KW - Public health KW - Public Health KW - Economics KW - Public-health KW - Diseases (see also Individual groups) KW - Diseases KW - Data Interpretation KW - Water quality (Natural waters) KW - Water Resources KW - Data Collections KW - SW 3060:Water treatment and distribution KW - R2 23060:Medical and environmental health KW - H 12000:Epidemiology and Public Health KW - AQ 00004:Water Treatment KW - P 6000:TOXICOLOGY AND HEALTH UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/17866783?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aaqualine&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+the+American+Water+Works+Association&rft.atitle=Waterborne+diseases+in+Europe--1986-96&rft.au=Kramer%2C+M+H%3BQuade%2C+G%3BHartemann%2C+P%3BExner%2C+M&rft.aulast=Kramer&rft.aufirst=M&rft.date=2001-01-01&rft.volume=93&rft.issue=1&rft.spage=48&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+the+American+Water+Works+Association&rft.issn=0003150X&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Last updated - 2016-06-22 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Mortality; Socioeconomics; Public health; Economics; Public-health; Water resources; Diseases (see also Individual groups); Data collections; Water supplies; Water quality (Natural waters); Public Health; Organizations; Water Supply; Water Quality; Economic Aspects; Diseases; Data Interpretation; Data Collections; Water Resources ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Ability of laboratories to detect emerging antimicrobial resistance: Proficiency testing and quality control results from the world health organization's external quality assurance system for antimicrobial susceptibility testing AN - 17858119; 4884451 AB - The accuracy of antimicrobial susceptibility data submitted by microbiology laboratories to national and international surveillance systems has been debated for a number of years. To assess the accuracy of data submitted to the World Health Organization by users of the WHONET software, the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention distributed six bacterial isolates representing key antimicrobial-resistance phenotypes to approximately 130 laboratories, all but one of which were outside of the United States, for antimicrobial susceptibility testing as part of the World Health Organization's External Quality Assurance System for Antimicrobial Susceptibility Testing. Each laboratory also was asked to submit 10 consecutive quality control values for several key organism-drug combinations. Most laboratories were able to detect methicillin (oxacillin) resistance in Staphylococcus aureus, high-level vancomycin resistance in Enterococcus faecium, and resistance to extended-spectrum cephalosporins in Klebsiella pneumoniae. Many laboratories, particularly those using disk diffusion tests, had difficulty in recognizing reduced susceptibility to penicillin in an isolate of Streptococcus pneumoniae. The most difficult phenotype for laboratories to detect was reduced susceptibility to vancomycin in an isolate of Staphylococcus epidermidis. The proficiency testing challenge also included a request for biochemical identification of a gram-negative bacillus, which most laboratories recognized as Enterobacter cloacae. Although only a small subset of laboratories have submitted their quality control data, it is clear that many of these laboratories generate disk diffusion results for oxacillin when testing S. aureus ATCC 25923 and S. pneumoniae ATCC 49619 that are outside of the acceptable quality control range. The narrow quality control range for vancomycin also proved to be a challenge for many of the laboratories submitting data; approximately 27% of results were out of range. Thus, it is important to establish the proficiency of laboratories submitting data to surveillance systems in which the organisms are tested locally, particularly for penicillin resistance in pneumococci and glycopeptide resistance in staphylococci. JF - Journal of Clinical Microbiology AU - Tenover, F C AU - Mohammed, MJ AU - Stelling, J AU - O'Brien, T AU - Williams, R AD - Nosocomial Pathogens Laboratory Branch (G-08), Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, 1600 Clifton Road, NE, Atlanta, GA 30333, USA, fnt1@cdc.gov Y1 - 2001/01// PY - 2001 DA - Jan 2001 SP - 241 EP - 250 VL - 39 IS - 1 SN - 0095-1137, 0095-1137 KW - glycopeptide antibiotics KW - methicillin KW - oxacillin KW - vancomycin KW - Microbiology Abstracts A: Industrial & Applied Microbiology; Microbiology Abstracts B: Bacteriology KW - Cephalosporins KW - Drug resistance KW - Drug sensitivity testing KW - Penicillin KW - Antimicrobial agents KW - Enterococcus faecium KW - Streptococcus pneumoniae KW - Methicillin KW - Peptide antibiotics KW - Quality control KW - Antibiotic sensitivity testing KW - Vancomycin KW - Disc-diffusion test KW - Staphylococcus aureus KW - Staphylococcus epidermidis KW - Antibiotic resistance KW - Klebsiella pneumoniae KW - A 01064:Microbial resistance KW - J 02795:Antibiotic resistance KW - A 01073:Quality control UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/17858119?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologyb&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Clinical+Microbiology&rft.atitle=Ability+of+laboratories+to+detect+emerging+antimicrobial+resistance%3A+Proficiency+testing+and+quality+control+results+from+the+world+health+organization%27s+external+quality+assurance+system+for+antimicrobial+susceptibility+testing&rft.au=Tenover%2C+F+C%3BMohammed%2C+MJ%3BStelling%2C+J%3BO%27Brien%2C+T%3BWilliams%2C+R&rft.aulast=Tenover&rft.aufirst=F&rft.date=2001-01-01&rft.volume=39&rft.issue=1&rft.spage=241&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+Clinical+Microbiology&rft.issn=00951137&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Staphylococcus aureus; Enterococcus faecium; Klebsiella pneumoniae; Streptococcus pneumoniae; Staphylococcus epidermidis; Peptide antibiotics; Drug resistance; Antimicrobial agents; Drug sensitivity testing; Quality control; Cephalosporins; Disc-diffusion test; Antibiotic resistance; Antibiotic sensitivity testing; Methicillin; Vancomycin; Penicillin ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Detection and differentiation of old world orthopoxviruses: Restriction fragment length polymorphism of the crmB gene region AN - 17855564; 4884429 AB - A restriction fragment length polymorphism (RFLP) assay was developed to identify and differentiate Old World, African-Eurasian orthopoxviruses (OPV): variola, vaccinia, cowpox, monkeypox, camelpox, ectromelia, and taterapox viruses. The test uses amplicons produced from virus genome DNA by PCR with a consensus primer pair designed from sequences determined for the cytokine response modifier B (crmB) gene of 43 different OPV strains of known taxonomic origin. The primer pair amplified a single specific product from each of the 115 OPV samples tested. Size-specific amplicons identified and differentiated ectromelia and vaccinia virus strains, which contain a truncated crmB gene, and enabled their differentiation from other OPV species. Restriction digests of amplified products allowed the identification and differentiation of variola, monkeypox, camelpox, vaccinia, and cowpox virus species and strains. JF - Journal of Clinical Microbiology AU - Loparev, V N AU - Massung, R F AU - Esposito, J J AU - Meyer, H AD - Division of Viral and Rickettsial Diseases, National Center for Infectious Diseases, CDC, MS D-10, 1600 Clifton Rd., Atlanta, GA 30333, USA, vnl0@cdc.gov Y1 - 2001/01// PY - 2001 DA - Jan 2001 SP - 94 EP - 100 VL - 39 IS - 1 SN - 0095-1137, 0095-1137 KW - crmB gene KW - Microbiology Abstracts A: Industrial & Applied Microbiology; Virology & AIDS Abstracts KW - Genotyping KW - Restriction fragment length polymorphism KW - Cowpox virus KW - Camelpox virus KW - Vaccinia virus KW - Polymerase chain reaction KW - Monkeypox virus KW - Variola virus KW - A 01114:Viruses KW - V 22010:Virus taxonomy & classification UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/17855564?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologya&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Clinical+Microbiology&rft.atitle=Detection+and+differentiation+of+old+world+orthopoxviruses%3A+Restriction+fragment+length+polymorphism+of+the+crmB+gene+region&rft.au=Loparev%2C+V+N%3BMassung%2C+R+F%3BEsposito%2C+J+J%3BMeyer%2C+H&rft.aulast=Loparev&rft.aufirst=V&rft.date=2001-01-01&rft.volume=39&rft.issue=1&rft.spage=94&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+Clinical+Microbiology&rft.issn=00951137&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Variola virus; Monkeypox virus; Vaccinia virus; Camelpox virus; Cowpox virus; Polymerase chain reaction; Restriction fragment length polymorphism; Genotyping ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Evaluation of pulsed-field gel electrophoresis in epidemiological investigations of meningococcal disease outbreaks caused by Neisseria meningitidis serogroup C AN - 17854931; 4884426 AB - Since 1990, the frequency of Neisseria meningitidis serogroup C (NMSC) outbreaks in the United States has increased. Based on multilocus enzyme electrophoresis (MEE), the current molecular subtyping standard, most of the NMSC outbreaks have been caused by isolates of several closely related electrophoretic types (ETs) within the ET-37 complex. We chose 66 isolates from four well-described NMSC outbreaks that occurred in the United States from 1993 to 1995 to evaluate the potential of pulsed-field gel electrophoresis (PFGE) to identify outbreak-related isolates specific for each of the four outbreaks and to differentiate between them and 50 sporadic isolates collected during the outbreak investigations or through active laboratory-based surveillance from 1989 to 1996. We tested all isolates collected during the outbreak investigations by four other molecular subtyping methods: MEE, ribotyping (ClaI), random amplified polymorphic DNA assay (two primers), and serotyping and serosubtyping. Among the 116 isolates, we observed 11 clusters of 39 NheI PFGE patterns. Excellent correlation between the PFGE and the epidemiological data was observed, with an overall sensitivity of 85% and specificity of 71% at the 95% pattern relatedness breakpoint using either 1.5 or 1.0% tolerance. For all four analyzed outbreaks, PFGE would have given public health officials additional support in declaring an outbreak and making appropriate public health decisions. JF - Journal of Clinical Microbiology AU - Popovic, T AU - Schmink, S AU - Rosenstein, NA AU - Ajello, G W AU - Reeves, M W AU - Plikaytis, B AU - Hunter, S B AU - Ribot, E M AU - Boxrud, D AU - Tondella, M L AU - Kim, Ch AU - Noble, C AU - Mathershed, E AU - Besser, J AU - Perkins, BA AD - Epidemic Investigations Laboratory, Meningitis and Special Pathogens Branch, DBMD, NCID, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Building 5, Room 346, MS D11, 1600 Clifton Road N.E., Atlanta, GA 30333, USA, txp1@cdc.gov Y1 - 2001/01// PY - 2001 DA - Jan 2001 SP - 75 EP - 85 VL - 39 IS - 1 SN - 0095-1137, 0095-1137 KW - epidemiology KW - man KW - USA KW - multilocus enzyme electrophoresis KW - Microbiology Abstracts B: Bacteriology; Microbiology Abstracts A: Industrial & Applied Microbiology KW - Electrophoresis KW - Serotyping KW - Enzymes KW - Neisseria meningitidis KW - Random amplified polymorphic DNA KW - Public health KW - Meningitis KW - Pulsed-field gel electrophoresis KW - A 01116:Bacteria KW - J 02848:Nervous system UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/17854931?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologyb&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Clinical+Microbiology&rft.atitle=Evaluation+of+pulsed-field+gel+electrophoresis+in+epidemiological+investigations+of+meningococcal+disease+outbreaks+caused+by+Neisseria+meningitidis+serogroup+C&rft.au=Popovic%2C+T%3BSchmink%2C+S%3BRosenstein%2C+NA%3BAjello%2C+G+W%3BReeves%2C+M+W%3BPlikaytis%2C+B%3BHunter%2C+S+B%3BRibot%2C+E+M%3BBoxrud%2C+D%3BTondella%2C+M+L%3BKim%2C+Ch%3BNoble%2C+C%3BMathershed%2C+E%3BBesser%2C+J%3BPerkins%2C+BA&rft.aulast=Popovic&rft.aufirst=T&rft.date=2001-01-01&rft.volume=39&rft.issue=1&rft.spage=75&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+Clinical+Microbiology&rft.issn=00951137&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Neisseria meningitidis; Meningitis; Enzymes; Electrophoresis; Pulsed-field gel electrophoresis; Serotyping; Random amplified polymorphic DNA; Public health ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Multiyear prospective study of intestinal parasitism in a cohort of Peace Corps volunteers in Guatemala AN - 17854798; 4884419 AB - We conducted a prospective, longitudinal study in a cohort of 36 Peace Corps volunteers (PCVs) in Guatemala to study the incidence and natural history of intestinal parasitic infections during the PCVs' >2-year overseas stay. PCVs collected stool specimens at least monthly and when ill with gastrointestinal symptoms. Of the 1,168 specimens tested, 453 (38.8%) were positive for at least one parasite and 48 (4.1%) were positive for a pathogenic parasite. A median interval of 187 days (range, 14 to 752 days) elapsed before the first documented parasitic infection, and the median intervals from arrival until subsequent infections (e.g., second or third) were >300 days. The PCVs had 116 episodes of infection with 11 parasites, including up to 4 episodes per PCV with specific nonpathogens and Blastocystis hominis. The incidence, in episodes per 100 person-years, was highest for B. hominis (65), followed by Entamoeba coli (31), Cryptosporidium parvum (17), and Entamoeba hartmanni (17). The PCVs' B. hominis episodes lasted 6,809 person-days (28.7% of the 23,689 person-days in the study), the E. coli episodes lasted 2,055 person-days (8.7%), and each of the other types of episodes lasted 2-year stay in Guatemala suggests that PCVs repeatedly had fecal exposures and thus were at risk for infections with both parasitic and nonparasitic pathogens throughout their overseas service. JF - Journal of Clinical Microbiology AU - Herwaldt, B L AU - De Arroyave, KR AU - Wahlquist, S P AU - De Merida, AM AU - Lopez, A S AU - Juranek, D D AD - Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Division of Parasitic Diseases, Mailstop F-22, 4770 Buford Highway N.E., Atlanta, GA 30341-3724, USA, bxh4@cdc.gov Y1 - 2001/01// PY - 2001 DA - Jan 2001 SP - 34 EP - 42 VL - 39 IS - 1 SN - 0095-1137, 0095-1137 KW - man KW - etiology KW - Guatemala KW - Microbiology Abstracts C: Algology, Mycology & Protozoology; Microbiology Abstracts B: Bacteriology KW - Parasites KW - Diarrhea KW - Entamoeba hartmanni KW - Gastrointestinal tract diseases KW - Travellers KW - Intestinal parasites KW - Cryptosporidium parvum KW - Intestine KW - Escherichia coli KW - Feces KW - Developing countries KW - Entamoeba coli KW - Blastocystis hominis KW - K 03090:Protozoa: human KW - J 02846:Gastrointestinal tract UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/17854798?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologyb&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Clinical+Microbiology&rft.atitle=Multiyear+prospective+study+of+intestinal+parasitism+in+a+cohort+of+Peace+Corps+volunteers+in+Guatemala&rft.au=Herwaldt%2C+B+L%3BDe+Arroyave%2C+KR%3BWahlquist%2C+S+P%3BDe+Merida%2C+AM%3BLopez%2C+A+S%3BJuranek%2C+D+D&rft.aulast=Herwaldt&rft.aufirst=B&rft.date=2001-01-01&rft.volume=39&rft.issue=1&rft.spage=34&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+Clinical+Microbiology&rft.issn=00951137&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Blastocystis hominis; Entamoeba coli; Cryptosporidium parvum; Entamoeba hartmanni; Escherichia coli; Gastrointestinal tract diseases; Intestinal parasites; Feces; Travellers; Parasites; Developing countries; Intestine; Diarrhea ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Sentinel Surveillance as an Alternative Approach for Monitoring Antibiotic-Resistant Invasive Pneumococcal Disease in Washington State AN - 17848624; 4875665 AB - Objectives. As an alternative to statewide, mandated surveillance for antibiotic-resistant Streptococcus pneumoniae, a sentinel surveillance network of 27 hospitals was developed in Washington State. Methods. The utility of targeted surveillance in population centers was assessed, current laboratory susceptibility testing practices were evaluated, and a baseline of pneumococcal resistance in Washington State was obtained for use in a statewide campaign promoting the judicious use of antibiotics. Results. Between July 1997 and June 1998, 300 cases were reported; 67 (22%) had diminished susceptibility to penicillin. Only 191 (64%) were fully tested with penicillin and an extended-spectrum cephalosporin (ESC) as nationally recommended; 10.5% were resistant to penicillin and 6.8% were resistant to an ESC. The number of isolates inadequately tested declined through the year. The findings were similar to those from more comprehensive active surveillance in Oregon for the same time period. Conclusions. Targeted surveillance may be an adequate alternative for limited monitoring of antibiotic resistance for states that choose not to mandate reporting. JF - American Journal of Public Health AU - Jernigan, D B AU - Kargacin, L AU - Poole, A AU - Kobayashi, J AD - Office of Surveillance, National Center for Infectious Diseases, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, 1600 Clifton Rd, MS D59, Atlanta, GA 30333, USA, dbj0@cdc.gov Y1 - 2001/01// PY - 2001 DA - Jan 2001 SP - 142 EP - 145 VL - 91 IS - 1 SN - 0090-0036, 0090-0036 KW - prevalence KW - Microbiology Abstracts B: Bacteriology KW - Cephalosporins KW - Streptococcus pneumoniae KW - Resistance KW - Penicillin KW - Surveillance KW - J 02795:Antibiotic resistance UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/17848624?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologyb&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=American+Journal+of+Public+Health&rft.atitle=Sentinel+Surveillance+as+an+Alternative+Approach+for+Monitoring+Antibiotic-Resistant+Invasive+Pneumococcal+Disease+in+Washington+State&rft.au=Jernigan%2C+D+B%3BKargacin%2C+L%3BPoole%2C+A%3BKobayashi%2C+J&rft.aulast=Jernigan&rft.aufirst=D&rft.date=2001-01-01&rft.volume=91&rft.issue=1&rft.spage=142&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=American+Journal+of+Public+Health&rft.issn=00900036&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Streptococcus pneumoniae; Resistance; Surveillance; Penicillin; Cephalosporins ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Crystalline silica exposure and lung cancer mortality in diatomaceous earth industry workers: a quantitative risk assessment AN - 17843179; 4876563 AB - Objective--To use various exposure-response models to estimate the risk of mortality from lung cancer due to occupational exposure to respirable crystalline silica dust. Methods--Data from a cohort mortality study of 2342 white male California diatomaceous earth mining and processing workers exposed to crystalline silica dust (mainly cristobalite) were reanalyzed with Poisson regression and Cox's proportional hazards models. Internal and external adjustments were used to control for potential confounding from the effects of time since first observation, calendar time, age, and Hispanic ethnicity. Cubic smoothing spline models were used to assess the fit of the models. Exposures were lagged by 10 years. Evaluations of the fit of the models were performed by comparing their deviances. Lifetime risks of lung cancer were estimated up to age 85 with an actuarial approach that accounted for competing causes of death. Conclusions--There was a significant risk of mortality from lung cancer that increased with cumulative exposure to respirable crystalline silica dust. The predicted number of deaths from lung cancer suggests that current occupational health standards may not be adequately protecting workers from the risk of lung cancer. JF - Occupational and Environmental Medicine AU - Rice, F L AU - Park, R AU - Stayner, L AU - Smith, R AU - Gilbert, S AU - Checkoway, H AD - National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, Cincinnati, Ohio, 45226-1998, USA, frice@cdc.gov Y1 - 2001/01// PY - 2001 DA - Jan 2001 SP - 38 EP - 45 VL - 58 IS - 1 SN - 1351-0711, 1351-0711 KW - man KW - silicon dioxide KW - USA, California KW - cristobalite KW - diatomaceous earth KW - silica KW - Risk Abstracts; Toxicology Abstracts; Health & Safety Science Abstracts; Pollution Abstracts KW - Risk assessment KW - Dust KW - Regression analysis KW - Industrial pollution KW - Occupational exposure KW - Lung cancer KW - Mortality KW - Mines KW - Cancer KW - Silica KW - Lung KW - Mining KW - R2 23080:Industrial and labor KW - H 1000:Occupational Safety and Health KW - X 24162:Chronic exposure KW - P 6000:TOXICOLOGY AND HEALTH UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/17843179?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Ariskabstracts&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Occupational+and+Environmental+Medicine&rft.atitle=Crystalline+silica+exposure+and+lung+cancer+mortality+in+diatomaceous+earth+industry+workers%3A+a+quantitative+risk+assessment&rft.au=Rice%2C+F+L%3BPark%2C+R%3BStayner%2C+L%3BSmith%2C+R%3BGilbert%2C+S%3BCheckoway%2C+H&rft.aulast=Rice&rft.aufirst=F&rft.date=2001-01-01&rft.volume=58&rft.issue=1&rft.spage=38&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Occupational+and+Environmental+Medicine&rft.issn=13510711&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Mining; Risk assessment; Occupational exposure; Lung cancer; Dust; Mortality; Silica; Lung; Cancer; Mines; Industrial pollution; Regression analysis ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Use of Geographic Information System Technology to Aid Health Department Decision Making about Childhood Lead Poisoning Prevention Activities AN - 17838108; 4868601 AB - The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention recommend that local public health agencies use local data to identify children at risk for lead exposure to ensure that they receive preventive services. The objective of this study was to demonstrate the usefulness of a geographic information system (GIS) in identifying children at risk for lead exposure. We conducted a descriptive study, using GIS technology, of the blood lead (BPb) levels and residential location of at-risk children screened for lead exposure. "At-risk children" were defined as those children living in housing built before 1950 or in an area with a high proportion of older housing. The study was conducted in Jefferson County, Kentucky, USA. Participants were the cohort of children born in 1995 and screened from 1996 through 1997, and children younger than age 7 years who were screened from 1994 through 1998. Outcome measures were the BPb level and residential location (address or target zone) of at-risk children screened from 1996 through 1997, and the number and location of homes where more than one child had been poisoned by lead from 1994 through 1998. The proportion of children screened who live within zones targeted for universal screening varied from 48% to 53%, while only 50% of the at-risk children in the entire county were screened. Between 1994 and 1998, 79 homes housed 35% of the 524 children with lead poisoning. These housing units were prioritized for lead-hazard remediation. Significant numbers of at-risk children throughout the county were not being tested for lead exposure, even in prioritized areas. GIS can be very useful to health departments in planning lead exposure screening strategies and measuring program performance. JF - Environmental Health Perspectives AU - Reissman, D B AU - Staley, F AU - Curtis, G B AU - Kaufmann, R B AD - 1600 Clifton Road, Mailstop E-23, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, National Center for Environmental Health, Division of Environmental Hazards and Health Effects, Atlanta, GA 30333, USA, dvs7@cdc.gov Y1 - 2001/01// PY - 2001 DA - Jan 2001 SP - 89 EP - 94 VL - 109 IS - 1 SN - 0091-6765, 0091-6765 KW - man KW - USA, Kentucky, Jefferson Cty. KW - prevention KW - Toxicology Abstracts; Health & Safety Science Abstracts; Risk Abstracts KW - Risk assessment KW - Socioeconomics KW - Lead KW - Public health KW - Hazards KW - Poisoning KW - Children KW - Prevention KW - Geographic information systems KW - Information systems KW - X 24166:Environmental impact KW - H 14000:Toxicology KW - R2 23060:Medical and environmental health UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/17838108?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Ariskabstracts&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Environmental+Health+Perspectives&rft.atitle=Use+of+Geographic+Information+System+Technology+to+Aid+Health+Department+Decision+Making+about+Childhood+Lead+Poisoning+Prevention+Activities&rft.au=Reissman%2C+D+B%3BStaley%2C+F%3BCurtis%2C+G+B%3BKaufmann%2C+R+B&rft.aulast=Reissman&rft.aufirst=D&rft.date=2001-01-01&rft.volume=109&rft.issue=1&rft.spage=89&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Environmental+Health+Perspectives&rft.issn=00916765&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Public health; Poisoning; Lead; Children; Geographic information systems; Socioeconomics; Risk assessment; Hazards; Prevention; Information systems ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Lack of Awareness of Hepatitis C Risk Among Persons Who Received Blood Transfusions Before 1990 AN - 17807558; 4851437 AB - Hepatitis C virus (HCV) is the most common chronic bloodborne virus infection in the United States, with an estimated 2.7 million persons chronically infected. The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) recommends that persons with known risk factors for HCV infection be identified and offered counseling and testing. This includes persons who may have been infected by blood transfusions received before July 1992, when multiantigen anti-HCV tests to screen donors came into use. JF - American Journal of Public Health AU - Buffington, J AU - Rowel, R AU - Hinman, J M AU - Sharp, K AU - Choi, S AD - Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, 1600 Clifton Rd, Atlanta, GA 30333, USA, jbuffington@cdc.gov Y1 - 2001/01// PY - 2001 DA - Jan 2001 SP - 47 EP - 48 VL - 91 IS - 1 SN - 0090-0036, 0090-0036 KW - man KW - USA KW - blood donors KW - blood transfusion KW - disease transmission KW - hepatitis C KW - Risk Abstracts; Virology & AIDS Abstracts; Health & Safety Science Abstracts KW - Blood donors KW - Blood transfusion KW - Hepatitis C virus KW - Disease transmission KW - H 11000:Diseases/Injuries/Trauma KW - V 22123:Epidemiology KW - R2 23060:Medical and environmental health UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/17807558?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Ariskabstracts&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=American+Journal+of+Public+Health&rft.atitle=Lack+of+Awareness+of+Hepatitis+C+Risk+Among+Persons+Who+Received+Blood+Transfusions+Before+1990&rft.au=Buffington%2C+J%3BRowel%2C+R%3BHinman%2C+J+M%3BSharp%2C+K%3BChoi%2C+S&rft.aulast=Buffington&rft.aufirst=J&rft.date=2001-01-01&rft.volume=91&rft.issue=1&rft.spage=47&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=American+Journal+of+Public+Health&rft.issn=00900036&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Hepatitis C virus; Blood donors; Disease transmission; Blood transfusion ER -