TY - JOUR T1 - Sexual coercion among adolescents in northern Thailand: prevalence and associated factors. AN - 73654614; 12971579 AB - Sexual coercion was assessed in a cross-sectional survey of drug use and sexual behavior in vocational school students from Chiang Rai, Thailand (n = 1725; ages 15-21), using audio-computer assisted self-interview. Sexual coercion was reported by 6.5% of males and 21% of females. Mean age at first occurrence was 16 years (range 8-20) among males and 17 years (range 5-21) among females. Most perpetrators were male (52% among males; 98% among females) and known by the participants. Among females, associated factors were history of pregnancy, selling sex, marijuana use, perceived risk of STD, two or more lifetime sexual partners, and living away from family. Among males, associated factors were homo- or bisexual self-identification, parents living together, and ulcerative STD history. JF - The Southeast Asian journal of tropical medicine and public health AU - Manopaiboon, Chomnad AU - Kilmarx, Peter H AU - Limpakarnjanarat, Khanchit AU - Jenkins, Richard A AU - Chaikummao, Supaporn AU - Supawitkul, Somsak AU - van Griensven, Frits AD - Thailand MOPH-US CDC Collaboration, Ministry of Public Health, Nonthaburi, Thailand. cfm9@cdc.gov Y1 - 2003/06// PY - 2003 DA - June 2003 SP - 447 EP - 457 VL - 34 IS - 2 SN - 0125-1562, 0125-1562 KW - Index Medicus KW - Humans KW - Child KW - Child, Preschool KW - Demography KW - Cross-Sectional Studies KW - Schools KW - Risk Factors KW - Adult KW - Surveys and Questionnaires KW - Thailand -- epidemiology KW - Adolescent KW - Female KW - Male KW - Substance-Related Disorders -- epidemiology KW - Prevalence KW - Sex Offenses -- statistics & numerical data KW - Coercion UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/73654614?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Southeast+Asian+journal+of+tropical+medicine+and+public+health&rft.atitle=Sexual+coercion+among+adolescents+in+northern+Thailand%3A+prevalence+and+associated+factors.&rft.au=Manopaiboon%2C+Chomnad%3BKilmarx%2C+Peter+H%3BLimpakarnjanarat%2C+Khanchit%3BJenkins%2C+Richard+A%3BChaikummao%2C+Supaporn%3BSupawitkul%2C+Somsak%3Bvan+Griensven%2C+Frits&rft.aulast=Manopaiboon&rft.aufirst=Chomnad&rft.date=2003-06-01&rft.volume=34&rft.issue=2&rft.spage=447&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=The+Southeast+Asian+journal+of+tropical+medicine+and+public+health&rft.issn=01251562&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 2004-01-06 N1 - Date created - 2003-09-15 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Evaluation of a sensitive/less sensitive testing algorithm using the bioMérieux Vironostika-LS assay for detecting recent HIV-1 subtype B' or E infection in Thailand. AN - 73497466; 12882657 AB - The performance of the bioMérieux Vironostika-LS EIA (less sensitive enzyme immunoassay) was assessed to detect recent seroconversion among injecting drug users (IDUs) in Bangkok, Thailand who were infected with either HIV-1 subtypes B' or E (also known as circulating recombinant form CRF01_AE). To evaluate the Vironostika-LS EIA in non-B subtypes, we collected longitudinal specimens (n = 796) from 115 IDUs (subtype B' infection, n = 24; subtype E infection, n = 91). After testing HIV-positive specimens with the Vironostika-LS EIA, standardized optical densities (SODs) were calculated using median values to determine the window period, which is the time from seroconversion on a standard EIA to seroconversion on the Vironostika-LS EIA for a given SOD, for either subtype. For an SOD cutoff of 1.0, Vironostika-LS EIA results showed a mean window period of 239 days (95% confidence interval [95% CI], 208-287 days) for subtype B' and 356 days (95% CI, 318-402 days) for subtype E in Thailand. This outcome demonstrates that the Vironostika-LS EIA has significantly different performance characteristics in detecting recent seroconversion between different HIV-1 subtypes. Accurate identification of recent infection and estimation of incidence for HIV-1 strains other than North American subtype B, using the Vironostika-LS EIA, requires knowledge of specimen subtype and use of appropriate cutoffs and mean window periods. JF - AIDS research and human retroviruses AU - Young, Carrie L AU - Hu, Dale J AU - Byers, Robert AU - Vanichseni, Suphak AU - Young, Nancy L AU - Nelson, Robert AU - Mock, Philip A AU - Choopanya, Kachit AU - Janssen, Robert AU - Mastro, Timothy D AU - Mei, Joanne V AD - Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia 30333, USA. cyoung@cdc.gov Y1 - 2003/06// PY - 2003 DA - June 2003 SP - 481 EP - 486 VL - 19 IS - 6 SN - 0889-2229, 0889-2229 KW - HIV Antibodies KW - 0 KW - Reagent Kits, Diagnostic KW - Index Medicus KW - AIDS/HIV KW - Sensitivity and Specificity KW - HIV Antibodies -- blood KW - Humans KW - Adult KW - Incidence KW - Thailand -- epidemiology KW - Male KW - Immunoenzyme Techniques KW - Female KW - HIV-1 -- immunology KW - HIV Infections -- virology KW - Algorithms KW - AIDS Serodiagnosis KW - Substance Abuse, Intravenous -- complications KW - HIV Infections -- epidemiology KW - HIV Infections -- diagnosis KW - HIV-1 -- classification UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/73497466?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=AIDS+research+and+human+retroviruses&rft.atitle=Evaluation+of+a+sensitive%2Fless+sensitive+testing+algorithm+using+the+bioM%C3%A9rieux+Vironostika-LS+assay+for+detecting+recent+HIV-1+subtype+B%27+or+E+infection+in+Thailand.&rft.au=Young%2C+Carrie+L%3BHu%2C+Dale+J%3BByers%2C+Robert%3BVanichseni%2C+Suphak%3BYoung%2C+Nancy+L%3BNelson%2C+Robert%3BMock%2C+Philip+A%3BChoopanya%2C+Kachit%3BJanssen%2C+Robert%3BMastro%2C+Timothy+D%3BMei%2C+Joanne+V&rft.aulast=Young&rft.aufirst=Carrie&rft.date=2003-06-01&rft.volume=19&rft.issue=6&rft.spage=481&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=AIDS+research+and+human+retroviruses&rft.issn=08892229&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 2004-03-02 N1 - Date created - 2003-07-28 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - The importance of occupational skin diseases in the United States. AN - 73464987; 12715182 AB - Occupational skin diseases and disorders (OSDs) are the most commonly reported non-trauma-related (acute or cumulative) category of occupational illnesses in the United States. This factor, along with their potential chronicity, their effect on an individual's vocational and avocational activities, and the fact that they are preventable, point out the public health importance of OSDs. It can be difficult to obtain accurate epidemiological data for OSDs in the US, and all sources have their limitations. OSD cases that result in days away from work are important categories to study, since days away from work may be used as an indicator of the severity of a case. Descriptive epidemiology may be used to provide further information on these "more severe" cases, to determine, for example, high-risk industries, occupations, and exposures, and then to use this information to target the high-risk, "more severe" cases for prevention strategies. The goal of the US Public Health Service for the year 2010, as established in its "Healthy People 2010: National Health Promotion and Disease Prevention Objectives", is to reduce national OSDs to an incidence of no more than 46 per 100,000 full-time workers. Both irritant and allergic contact dermatitis are considered to be priority research areas as outlined in the National Occupational Research Agenda introduced in 1996 by the National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health. Increased knowledge and awareness of occupational skin diseases will assist in the achievement of the national public health goals. JF - International archives of occupational and environmental health AU - Lushniak, Boris D AD - Division of Surveillance, Hazard Evaluations, and Field Studies, National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, 4676 Columbia Parkway, R-12, Cincinnati, Ohio 45226, USA. BLushniak@cdc.gov Y1 - 2003/06// PY - 2003 DA - June 2003 SP - 325 EP - 330 VL - 76 IS - 5 SN - 0340-0131, 0340-0131 KW - Index Medicus KW - Industry -- classification KW - Cost of Illness KW - Humans KW - Occupational Exposure -- adverse effects KW - Industry -- statistics & numerical data KW - Incidence KW - Employer Health Costs KW - Absenteeism KW - United States -- epidemiology KW - Prevalence KW - Dermatitis, Occupational -- etiology KW - Dermatitis, Occupational -- prevention & control KW - Dermatitis, Occupational -- epidemiology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/73464987?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=International+archives+of+occupational+and+environmental+health&rft.atitle=The+importance+of+occupational+skin+diseases+in+the+United+States.&rft.au=Lushniak%2C+Boris+D&rft.aulast=Lushniak&rft.aufirst=Boris&rft.date=2003-06-01&rft.volume=76&rft.issue=5&rft.spage=325&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=International+archives+of+occupational+and+environmental+health&rft.issn=03400131&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 2004-01-09 N1 - Date created - 2003-07-11 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Tobacco-specific nitrosamines in tobacco from U.S. brand and non-U.S. brand cigarettes. AN - 73358591; 12791527 AB - Tobacco-specific nitrosamines (TSNAs) are one of the major classes of carcinogens found in tobacco products. As part of collaborative efforts to reduce tobacco use and resulting disease, the U.S. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) carried out a two-phase investigation into the worldwide variation of the levels of TSNAs in cigarette tobacco. In the first phase, representatives of the World Health Organization (WHO) purchased cigarettes; scientists from the CDC subsequently measured the levels of TSNAs in tobacco from 21 different countries. Although the data collected from this initial survey suggested that globally marketed U.S.-brand cigarettes typically had higher TSNA levels than locally popular non-U.S. cigarettes in many countries, the number of samples limited the statistical power of the study. To improve statistical power and to ensure adequate sampling, the CDC conducted a second survey of 14 countries. In addition to the United States, the CDC selected the world's 10 most populous countries and three additional countries, so that at least two countries from each of the six WHO regions were represented. For each country, the CDC compared 15 packs of Marlboro cigarettes, which is the world's most popular brand of cigarettes, with 15 packs of a locally popular non-U.S. brand in the study country. Marlboro cigarettes purchased in 11/13 foreign countries had significantly higher tobacco TSNA levels than the locally popular non-U.S. brands purchased in the same country. The findings suggest that TSNA levels in tobacco can be substantially reduced in some cigarettes. JF - Nicotine & tobacco research : official journal of the Society for Research on Nicotine and Tobacco AU - Ashley, David L AU - Beeson, Michelle D AU - Johnson, Diana R AU - McCraw, Joan M AU - Richter, Patricia AU - Pirkle, James L AU - Pechacek, Terry F AU - Song, Siqing AU - Watson, Clifford H AD - Division of Laboratory Sciences, National Center for Environmental Health, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA, USA. DLA1@cdc.gov Y1 - 2003/06// PY - 2003 DA - June 2003 SP - 323 EP - 331 VL - 5 IS - 3 SN - 1462-2203, 1462-2203 KW - Carcinogens KW - 0 KW - Nitrosamines KW - Index Medicus KW - United States KW - Humans KW - Data Collection KW - Smoking KW - Tobacco -- chemistry KW - Carcinogens -- analysis KW - Nitrosamines -- analysis UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/73358591?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Nicotine+%26+tobacco+research+%3A+official+journal+of+the+Society+for+Research+on+Nicotine+and+Tobacco&rft.atitle=Tobacco-specific+nitrosamines+in+tobacco+from+U.S.+brand+and+non-U.S.+brand+cigarettes.&rft.au=Ashley%2C+David+L%3BBeeson%2C+Michelle+D%3BJohnson%2C+Diana+R%3BMcCraw%2C+Joan+M%3BRichter%2C+Patricia%3BPirkle%2C+James+L%3BPechacek%2C+Terry+F%3BSong%2C+Siqing%3BWatson%2C+Clifford+H&rft.aulast=Ashley&rft.aufirst=David&rft.date=2003-06-01&rft.volume=5&rft.issue=3&rft.spage=323&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Nicotine+%26+tobacco+research+%3A+official+journal+of+the+Society+for+Research+on+Nicotine+and+Tobacco&rft.issn=14622203&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 2003-09-23 N1 - Date created - 2003-06-06 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Isolated case of bioterrorism-related inhalational anthrax, New York City, 2001. AN - 73353161; 12781008 AB - On October 31, 2001, in New York City, a 61-year-old female hospital employee who had acquired inhalational anthrax died after a 6-day illness. To determine sources of exposure and identify additional persons at risk, the New York City Department of Health, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, and law enforcement authorities conducted an extensive investigation, which included interviewing contacts, examining personal effects, summarizing patient's use of mass transit, conducting active case finding and surveillance near her residence and at her workplace, and collecting samples from co-workers and the environment. We cultured all specimens for Bacillus anthracis. We found no additional cases of cutaneous or inhalational anthrax. The route of exposure remains unknown. All environmental samples were negative for B. anthracis. This first case of inhalational anthrax during the 2001 outbreak with no apparent direct link to contaminated mail emphasizes the need for close coordination between public health and law enforcement agencies during bioterrorism-related investigations. JF - Emerging infectious diseases AU - Holtz, Timothy H AU - Ackelsberg, Joel AU - Kool, Jacob L AU - Rosselli, Richard AU - Marfin, Anthony AU - Matte, Thomas AU - Beatrice, Sara T AU - Heller, Michael B AU - Hewett, Dan AU - Moskin, Linda C AU - Bunning, Michel L AU - Layton, Marcelle AD - Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia, USA. tkh3@cdc.gov Y1 - 2003/06// PY - 2003 DA - June 2003 SP - 689 EP - 696 VL - 9 IS - 6 SN - 1080-6040, 1080-6040 KW - DNA, Bacterial KW - 0 KW - Ciprofloxacin KW - 5E8K9I0O4U KW - Index Medicus KW - Ciprofloxacin -- pharmacology KW - Bacillus anthracis -- isolation & purification KW - Bacillus anthracis -- genetics KW - New York City -- epidemiology KW - Humans KW - Women KW - Environmental Exposure KW - Middle Aged KW - Disease Outbreaks -- statistics & numerical data KW - Postal Service KW - DNA, Bacterial -- analysis KW - Female KW - Spores, Bacterial -- isolation & purification KW - Anthrax -- etiology KW - Anthrax -- diagnosis KW - Anthrax -- epidemiology KW - Inhalation Exposure KW - Bioterrorism KW - Anthrax -- drug therapy UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/73353161?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Emerging+infectious+diseases&rft.atitle=Isolated+case+of+bioterrorism-related+inhalational+anthrax%2C+New+York+City%2C+2001.&rft.au=Holtz%2C+Timothy+H%3BAckelsberg%2C+Joel%3BKool%2C+Jacob+L%3BRosselli%2C+Richard%3BMarfin%2C+Anthony%3BMatte%2C+Thomas%3BBeatrice%2C+Sara+T%3BHeller%2C+Michael+B%3BHewett%2C+Dan%3BMoskin%2C+Linda+C%3BBunning%2C+Michel+L%3BLayton%2C+Marcelle&rft.aulast=Holtz&rft.aufirst=Timothy&rft.date=2003-06-01&rft.volume=9&rft.issue=6&rft.spage=689&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Emerging+infectious+diseases&rft.issn=10806040&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 2003-09-10 N1 - Date created - 2003-06-03 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - SuppNotes - Cited By: MMWR Morb Mortal Wkly Rep. 2001 Sep 28;50(38):821-2 [11594721] MMWR Morb Mortal Wkly Rep. 2001 Oct 19;50(41):889-93 [11686472] MMWR Morb Mortal Wkly Rep. 2001 Oct 26;50(42):909-19 [11699843] MMWR Morb Mortal Wkly Rep. 2001 Nov 2;50(43):941-8 [11708591] MMWR Morb Mortal Wkly Rep. 2001 Nov 16;50(45):1014-6 [11724160] JAMA. 2002 Feb 20;287(7):858-62 [11851577] Emerg Infect Dis. 2001 Nov-Dec;7(6):933-44 [11747719] Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 2002 May 14;99(10):7027-32 [12011462] Emerg Infect Dis. 2002 Oct;8(10):1039-43 [12396912] Emerg Infect Dis. 2002 Oct;8(10):1111-6 [12396925] Emerg Infect Dis. 2002 Oct;8(10):1152-6 [12396931] Science. 1994 Nov 18;266(5188):1202-8 [7973702] JAMA. 2002 Feb 20;287(7):863-8 [11851578] N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - The relationship of exposure to childhood sexual abuse to other forms of abuse, neglect, and household dysfunction during childhood. AN - 73350634; 12818611 AB - This study assesses the relationship of childhood sexual abuse (CSA) to nine other categories of Adverse Childhood Experiences (ACEs), including childhood abuse, neglect, and multiple types of household dysfunction. Retrospective cohort study data were collected from 17,337 adult health plan members who responded to a survey questionnaire. Regression models adjusted for age, race, and education were used to estimate the strength of the association of CSA to each of the other nine ACEs and a graded relationship between measures of the severity of CSA and the number of other ACEs (ACE score). CSA was reported by 25% of women and 16% of men. In comparison with persons who were not exposed to CSA, the likelihood of experiencing each category of ACE increased 2- to 3.4-fold for women and 1.6- to 2.5-fold for men (p < 0.05). The adjusted mean ACE score showed a significant positive graded relationship to the severity, duration, and frequency of CSA and an inverse relationship to age at first occurrence of CSA (p < 0.01). CSA is strongly associated with experiencing multiple other forms of ACEs. The strength of this association appears to increase as the measures of severity of the CSA increases. The understanding of the interrelatedness of CSA with multiple ACEs should be considered in the design of studies, treatment, and programs to prevent CSA as well as other forms of ACEs. JF - Child abuse & neglect AU - Dong, Maxia AU - Anda, Robert F AU - Dube, Shanta R AU - Giles, Wayne H AU - Felitti, Vincent J AD - National Center for Chronic Disease Prevention and Health Promotion, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, 4170 Buford Highway NE, MS K-67, Atlanta, GA 30341-3717, USA. Y1 - 2003/06// PY - 2003 DA - June 2003 SP - 625 EP - 639 VL - 27 IS - 6 SN - 0145-2134, 0145-2134 KW - Index Medicus KW - Child Abuse -- statistics & numerical data KW - Battered Women -- statistics & numerical data KW - Humans KW - Parent-Child Relations KW - Child KW - Substance-Related Disorders -- psychology KW - Health Maintenance Organizations KW - Logistic Models KW - Risk Factors KW - Cohort Studies KW - Surveys and Questionnaires KW - Child of Impaired Parents -- statistics & numerical data KW - Middle Aged KW - California -- epidemiology KW - Female KW - Male KW - Substance-Related Disorders -- epidemiology KW - Prevalence KW - Family Characteristics KW - Child Abuse, Sexual -- psychology KW - Domestic Violence -- statistics & numerical data KW - Child Abuse, Sexual -- statistics & numerical data KW - Domestic Violence -- psychology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/73350634?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Child+abuse+%26+neglect&rft.atitle=The+relationship+of+exposure+to+childhood+sexual+abuse+to+other+forms+of+abuse%2C+neglect%2C+and+household+dysfunction+during+childhood.&rft.au=Dong%2C+Maxia%3BAnda%2C+Robert+F%3BDube%2C+Shanta+R%3BGiles%2C+Wayne+H%3BFelitti%2C+Vincent+J&rft.aulast=Dong&rft.aufirst=Maxia&rft.date=2003-06-01&rft.volume=27&rft.issue=6&rft.spage=625&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Child+abuse+%26+neglect&rft.issn=01452134&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 2003-10-29 N1 - Date created - 2003-06-23 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Inactivation of Bacillus anthracis spores. AN - 73336076; 12780999 AB - After the intentional release of Bacillus anthracis through the U.S. Postal Service in the fall of 2001, many environments were contaminated with B. anthracis spores, and frequent inquiries were made regarding the science of destroying these spores. We conducted a survey of the literature that had potential application to the inactivation of B. anthracis spores. This article provides a tabular summary of the results. JF - Emerging infectious diseases AU - Spotts Whitney, Ellen A AU - Beatty, Mark E AU - Taylor, Thomas H AU - Weyant, Robbin AU - Sobel, Jeremy AU - Arduino, Matthew J AU - Ashford, David A AD - Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia 30333, USA. EWhitney1@cdc.gov Y1 - 2003/06// PY - 2003 DA - June 2003 SP - 623 EP - 627 VL - 9 IS - 6 SN - 1080-6040, 1080-6040 KW - Disinfectants KW - 0 KW - Gases KW - Index Medicus KW - Hot Temperature KW - Ultraviolet Rays KW - Gases -- pharmacology KW - Gamma Rays KW - Dose-Response Relationship, Drug KW - Spores, Bacterial -- drug effects KW - Spores, Bacterial -- growth & development KW - Spores, Bacterial -- radiation effects KW - Dose-Response Relationship, Radiation KW - Disinfectants -- pharmacology KW - Spores, Bacterial -- physiology KW - Bacillus anthracis -- drug effects KW - Bacillus anthracis -- growth & development KW - Bacillus anthracis -- radiation effects KW - Bacillus anthracis -- physiology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/73336076?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Emerging+infectious+diseases&rft.atitle=Inactivation+of+Bacillus+anthracis+spores.&rft.au=Spotts+Whitney%2C+Ellen+A%3BBeatty%2C+Mark+E%3BTaylor%2C+Thomas+H%3BWeyant%2C+Robbin%3BSobel%2C+Jeremy%3BArduino%2C+Matthew+J%3BAshford%2C+David+A&rft.aulast=Spotts+Whitney&rft.aufirst=Ellen&rft.date=2003-06-01&rft.volume=9&rft.issue=6&rft.spage=623&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Emerging+infectious+diseases&rft.issn=10806040&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 2003-09-10 N1 - Date created - 2003-06-03 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - SuppNotes - Cited By: Semin Dial. 2000 Mar-Apr;13(2):75-85 [10795109] J Am Vet Med Assoc. 1959 Dec 1;135:549-53 [14405390] MMWR Morb Mortal Wkly Rep. 2002 Apr 5;51(13):279-81 [11952281] J Appl Bacteriol. 1967 Apr;30(1):78-87 [6045110] Appl Microbiol. 1968 Nov;16(11):1782-5 [4973068] Zentralbl Bakteriol Mikrobiol Hyg B. 1980;171(2-3):158-67 [6774514] J Clin Pathol. 1982 Jul;35(7):698-705 [7047573] J Appl Bacteriol. 1983 Jun;54(3):417-23 [6409877] J Appl Bacteriol. 1986 Jan;60(1):67-72 [3082844] J Appl Bacteriol. 1990 May;68(5):461-9 [2370233] J Appl Bacteriol. 1990 May;68(5):471-7 [2370234] Artif Organs. 1990 Oct;14(5):361-8 [2122876] Appl Environ Microbiol. 1996 Feb;62(2):545-51 [8593054] Appl Environ Microbiol. 1999 Feb;65(2):873-6 [9925635] J Bacteriol. 1950 Mar;59(3):401-12 [15436410] MMWR Morb Mortal Wkly Rep. 2001 Nov 30;50(47):1049-51 [11808925] N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Caspase-3-dependent reactivation of latent herpes simplex virus type 1 in sensory neuronal cultures. AN - 73322341; 12775421 AB - Life-long latent herpes simplex virus type 1 (HSV-1) is harbored in sensory neurons where sporadic reactivation occurs. Reactivation stimuli may involve activation of apoptotic signaling in the neuron. Previous experiments have demonstrated that reactivation of latent HSV-1 in dorsal root ganglion (DRG) neuronal cultures occurred following nerve growth factor (NGF) deprivation. NGF deprivation stimulates apoptotic signaling by activating the proapoptotic proteolytic enzyme, caspase-3. When DRG neuronal cultures harboring latent HSV-1 were treated with a caspase-3-specific inhibitor, NGF deprivation-induced reactivation was significantly reduced. Interestingly, the caspase-3 inhibitor had no effect on productive HSV-1 infection. Furthermore, activation of caspase-3 with either C2-ceramide or a recombinant adenovirus expressing caspase-3 caused significant HSV-1 reactivation. JF - Journal of neurovirology AU - Hunsperger, Elizabeth A AU - Wilcox, Christine L AD - Department of Microbiology, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado, USA. enh4@cdc.gov Y1 - 2003/06// PY - 2003 DA - June 2003 SP - 390 EP - 398 VL - 9 IS - 3 SN - 1355-0284, 1355-0284 KW - Cysteine Proteinase Inhibitors KW - 0 KW - N-acetylsphingosine KW - Nerve Growth Factors KW - Nerve Tissue Proteins KW - Oligopeptides KW - Recombinant Fusion Proteins KW - aspartyl-glutamyl-valyl-aspartal KW - Colforsin KW - 1F7A44V6OU KW - CASP3 protein, human KW - EC 3.4.22.- KW - Casp3 protein, rat KW - Caspase 3 KW - Caspases KW - Sphingosine KW - NGZ37HRE42 KW - Tetradecanoylphorbol Acetate KW - NI40JAQ945 KW - Index Medicus KW - Animals KW - Apoptosis KW - Nerve Growth Factors -- pharmacology KW - Enzyme Activation KW - Recombinant Fusion Proteins -- physiology KW - Adenoviridae -- genetics KW - Rats KW - Cysteine Proteinase Inhibitors -- pharmacology KW - Ganglia, Spinal -- cytology KW - Cells, Cultured -- virology KW - Colforsin -- pharmacology KW - Virus Latency KW - Ganglia, Spinal -- virology KW - Tetradecanoylphorbol Acetate -- pharmacology KW - Oligopeptides -- pharmacology KW - Cells, Cultured -- enzymology KW - Genetic Vectors -- genetics KW - Nerve Tissue Proteins -- physiology KW - Neurons, Afferent -- virology KW - Virus Activation -- drug effects KW - Caspases -- physiology KW - Herpesvirus 1, Human -- physiology KW - Sphingosine -- pharmacology KW - Neurons, Afferent -- enzymology KW - Sphingosine -- analogs & derivatives KW - Herpesvirus 1, Human -- drug effects UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/73322341?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+neurovirology&rft.atitle=Caspase-3-dependent+reactivation+of+latent+herpes+simplex+virus+type+1+in+sensory+neuronal+cultures.&rft.au=Hunsperger%2C+Elizabeth+A%3BWilcox%2C+Christine+L&rft.aulast=Hunsperger&rft.aufirst=Elizabeth&rft.date=2003-06-01&rft.volume=9&rft.issue=3&rft.spage=390&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+neurovirology&rft.issn=13550284&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 2003-08-29 N1 - Date created - 2003-05-30 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Characterization of endotoxin and 3-hydroxy fatty acid levels in air and settled dust from commercial aircraft cabins. AN - 73321329; 12756010 AB - Endotoxin was measured in air and dust samples collected during four commercial aircraft flights. Samples were analyzed for endotoxin biological activity using the Limulus assay. 3-hydroxy fatty acids (3-OH FA) of carbon chain lengths C10:0-C18:0 were determined in dust by gas chromatography-ion trap tandem mass spectrometry. The geometric mean (geometric standard deviation) endotoxin air level was 1.5 EU/m3 (1.9, n = 28); however, significant differences were found by flight within aircraft type. Mean endotoxin levels were significantly higher in carpet dust than in seat dust (140 +/- 81 vs. 51 +/- 25 EU/mg dust, n = 32 each, P < 0.001). Airborne endotoxin levels were not significantly related to either carpet or seat dust endotoxin levels. Mean 3-OH FA levels were significantly higher in carpet dust than in seat dust for C10:2, C12:0, and C14:0 (P < 0.001 for each), while the mean level of C16:0 was significantly higher in seat dust than in carpet dust (P < 0.01). Carpet dust endotoxin was significantly, but moderately, correlated with 3-OH-C12:0 and 3-OH-C14:0 (Pearson r = 0.52 and 0.48, respectively), while correlation of seat dust endotoxin with individual 3-OH FAs depended on the test statistic used. Mean endotoxin potency was significantly higher for carpet dust than for seat dust (6.3 +/- 3.0 vs. 3.0 +/- 1.4 EU/pmol LPS, P < 0.0001). Mean endotoxin levels in the air and dust of commercial aircraft cabins were generally higher than mean levels reported in homes and office buildings. These results suggest that exposure route and dust source are important considerations when relating endotoxin exposure to specific health outcomes. JF - Indoor air AU - Hines, C J AU - Waters, M A AU - Larsson, L AU - Petersen, M R AU - Saraf, A AU - Milton, D K AD - National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, Cincinnati, OH 45226, USA. chines@cdc.gov Y1 - 2003/06// PY - 2003 DA - June 2003 SP - 166 EP - 173 VL - 13 IS - 2 SN - 0905-6947, 0905-6947 KW - Air Pollutants KW - 0 KW - Dust KW - Endotoxins KW - Fatty Acids KW - Hydroxy Acids KW - Index Medicus KW - Floors and Floorcoverings KW - Dust -- analysis KW - Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry KW - Aircraft KW - Air Pollution, Indoor KW - Hydroxy Acids -- analysis KW - Endotoxins -- analysis KW - Fatty Acids -- analysis KW - Air Pollutants -- chemistry UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/73321329?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Indoor+air&rft.atitle=Characterization+of+endotoxin+and+3-hydroxy+fatty+acid+levels+in+air+and+settled+dust+from+commercial+aircraft+cabins.&rft.au=Hines%2C+C+J%3BWaters%2C+M+A%3BLarsson%2C+L%3BPetersen%2C+M+R%3BSaraf%2C+A%3BMilton%2C+D+K&rft.aulast=Hines&rft.aufirst=C&rft.date=2003-06-01&rft.volume=13&rft.issue=2&rft.spage=166&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Indoor+air&rft.issn=09056947&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 2003-09-12 N1 - Date created - 2003-05-20 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Bioterrorism-related inhalational anthrax in an elderly woman, Connecticut, 2001. AN - 73320368; 12781007 AB - On November 20, 2001, inhalational anthrax was confirmed in an elderly woman from rural Connecticut. To determine her exposure source, we conducted an extensive epidemiologic, environmental, and laboratory investigation. Molecular subtyping showed that her isolate was indistinguishable from isolates associated with intentionally contaminated letters. No samples from her home or community yielded Bacillus anthracis, and she received no first-class letters from facilities known to have processed intentionally contaminated letters. Environmental sampling in the regional Connecticut postal facility yielded B. anthracis spores from 4 (31%) of 13 sorting machines. One extensively contaminated machine primarily processes bulk mail. A second machine that does final sorting of bulk mail for her zip code yielded B. anthracis on the column of bins for her carrier route. The evidence suggests she was exposed through a cross-contaminated bulk mail letter. Such cross-contamination of letters and postal facilities has implications for managing the response to future B. anthracis-contaminated mailings. JF - Emerging infectious diseases AU - Griffith, Kevin S AU - Mead, Paul AU - Armstrong, Gregory L AU - Painter, John AU - Kelley, Katherine A AU - Hoffmaster, Alex R AU - Mayo, Donald AU - Barden, Diane AU - Ridzon, Renee AU - Parashar, Umesh AU - Teshale, Eyasu Habtu AU - Williams, Jennifer AU - Noviello, Stephanie AU - Perz, Joseph F AU - Mast, Eric E AU - Swerdlow, David L AU - Hadler, James L AD - Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia, USA. kkg8@cdc.gov Y1 - 2003/06// PY - 2003 DA - June 2003 SP - 681 EP - 688 VL - 9 IS - 6 SN - 1080-6040, 1080-6040 KW - DNA, Bacterial KW - 0 KW - Index Medicus KW - Bacillus anthracis -- isolation & purification KW - Sentinel Surveillance KW - Bacillus anthracis -- genetics KW - Humans KW - Connecticut -- epidemiology KW - Environmental Exposure KW - Aged KW - Disease Outbreaks -- statistics & numerical data KW - Postal Service KW - DNA, Bacterial -- analysis KW - Time Factors KW - Female KW - Spores, Bacterial -- isolation & purification KW - Anthrax -- etiology KW - Anthrax -- diagnosis KW - Anthrax -- epidemiology KW - Inhalation Exposure KW - Bioterrorism KW - Anthrax -- drug therapy UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/73320368?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Emerging+infectious+diseases&rft.atitle=Bioterrorism-related+inhalational+anthrax+in+an+elderly+woman%2C+Connecticut%2C+2001.&rft.au=Griffith%2C+Kevin+S%3BMead%2C+Paul%3BArmstrong%2C+Gregory+L%3BPainter%2C+John%3BKelley%2C+Katherine+A%3BHoffmaster%2C+Alex+R%3BMayo%2C+Donald%3BBarden%2C+Diane%3BRidzon%2C+Renee%3BParashar%2C+Umesh%3BTeshale%2C+Eyasu+Habtu%3BWilliams%2C+Jennifer%3BNoviello%2C+Stephanie%3BPerz%2C+Joseph+F%3BMast%2C+Eric+E%3BSwerdlow%2C+David+L%3BHadler%2C+James+L&rft.aulast=Griffith&rft.aufirst=Kevin&rft.date=2003-06-01&rft.volume=9&rft.issue=6&rft.spage=681&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Emerging+infectious+diseases&rft.issn=10806040&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 2003-09-10 N1 - Date created - 2003-06-03 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - SuppNotes - Cited By: MMWR Morb Mortal Wkly Rep. 2001 Nov 30;50(47):1049-51 [11808925] MMWR Morb Mortal Wkly Rep. 2001 Dec 7;50(48):1077-9 [11770501] JAMA. 2002 Feb 20;287(7):863-8 [11851578] JAMA. 2002 May 1;287(17):2236-52 [11980524] Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 2002 May 14;99(10):7027-32 [12011462] Emerg Infect Dis. 2002 Oct;8(10):1019-28 [12396909] Emerg Infect Dis. 2002 Oct;8(10):1029-34 [12396910] Emerg Infect Dis. 2002 Oct;8(10):1039-43 [12396912] Emerg Infect Dis. 2002 Oct;8(10):1078-82 [12396919] Emerg Infect Dis. 2002 Oct;8(10):1111-6 [12396925] Br J Exp Pathol. 1963 Aug;44:416-26 [14079015] Emerg Infect Dis. 2002 Oct;8(10):1083-7 [12396920] J Bacteriol. 2000 May;182(10):2928-36 [10781564] MMWR Morb Mortal Wkly Rep. 2001 Oct 26;50(42):909-19 [11699843] MMWR Morb Mortal Wkly Rep. 2001 Nov 2;50(43):941-8 [11708591] Emerg Infect Dis. 2001 Nov-Dec;7(6):933-44 [11747719] JAMA. 2002 Jan 23-30;287(4):445-6 [11824387] N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Bioterrorism web site resources for infectious disease clinicians and epidemiologists. AN - 73290824; 12766842 AB - Finding bioterrorism-related information on the World Wide Web can be laborious. We hope to help readers find such information more easily by summarizing essential information in a consistent framework. A panel of 7 Centers for Disease Control and Prevention reviewers identified Web sites and evaluated them for sponsorship, mission, content usefulness, online ease of use, and adherence to commonly accepted quality criteria. Of >100 potential sites identified, 81 were chosen for target content of interest, and 43 were selected for inclusion. The results were classified into general purpose/portal sites; biological agent information; laboratory, infection control, epidemiology, and mental health information; and emergency contact sources, news and updates, event preparedness resources, information for first-responder settings, clinical and public education materials, and research resources. Agents covered included anthrax, smallpox, plague, botulism, tularemia, and viral hemorrhagic fever. JF - Clinical infectious diseases : an official publication of the Infectious Diseases Society of America AU - Ferguson, Natalie E AU - Steele, Lynn AU - Crawford, Carol Y AU - Huebner, Nathan L AU - Fonseka, Jamila C AU - Bonander, Jason C AU - Kuehnert, Matthew J AD - Office of Health Communications, National Center for Infectious Diseases, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA, 30333, USA. nferguson@cdc.gov Y1 - 2003/06/01/ PY - 2003 DA - 2003 Jun 01 SP - 1458 EP - 1473 VL - 36 IS - 11 KW - Index Medicus KW - United States KW - Smallpox KW - Communicable Diseases KW - Tularemia KW - Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (U.S.) KW - Botulism KW - Humans KW - Information Dissemination KW - Anthrax KW - Plague KW - Infection Control KW - Information Services KW - Physicians KW - Bioterrorism KW - Internet UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/73290824?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Clinical+infectious+diseases+%3A+an+official+publication+of+the+Infectious+Diseases+Society+of+America&rft.atitle=Bioterrorism+web+site+resources+for+infectious+disease+clinicians+and+epidemiologists.&rft.au=Ferguson%2C+Natalie+E%3BSteele%2C+Lynn%3BCrawford%2C+Carol+Y%3BHuebner%2C+Nathan+L%3BFonseka%2C+Jamila+C%3BBonander%2C+Jason+C%3BKuehnert%2C+Matthew+J&rft.aulast=Ferguson&rft.aufirst=Natalie&rft.date=2003-06-01&rft.volume=36&rft.issue=11&rft.spage=1458&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Clinical+infectious+diseases+%3A+an+official+publication+of+the+Infectious+Diseases+Society+of+America&rft.issn=1537-6591&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 2003-06-30 N1 - Date created - 2003-05-26 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Alpha interferon augments cidofovir's antiviral and antiproliferative activities. AN - 73284805; 12760891 AB - The antiviral and antiproliferative activities of alpha 2a interferon (IFN-alpha 2a) and cidofovir in human papillomavirus type 16 (HPV-16)-transformed keratinocytes were evaluated. The compounds in combination were more effective than comparable levels of either drug alone. Evaluation of effective drug ratios revealed a synergistic cooperation between IFN-alpha 2a and cidofovir in inhibiting the proliferation of HPV-infected cells. JF - Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy AU - Johnson, Jeffrey A AU - Gangemi, J David AD - Department of Microbiology and Molecular Medicine and the Greenville Hospital System Biomedical Cooperative, Clemson University, Clemson, South Carolina 29634, USA. jjohnson1@cdc.gov Y1 - 2003/06// PY - 2003 DA - June 2003 SP - 2022 EP - 2026 VL - 47 IS - 6 SN - 0066-4804, 0066-4804 KW - Antiviral Agents KW - 0 KW - CDKN1A protein, human KW - Cyclin-Dependent Kinase Inhibitor p21 KW - Cyclins KW - E6 protein, Human papillomavirus type 16 KW - Interferon-alpha KW - Oncogene Proteins, Viral KW - Organophosphonates KW - Organophosphorus Compounds KW - Papillomavirus E7 Proteins KW - Repressor Proteins KW - Retinoblastoma Protein KW - Tumor Suppressor Protein p53 KW - oncogene protein E7, Human papillomavirus type 16 KW - Cytosine KW - 8J337D1HZY KW - cidofovir KW - JIL713Q00N KW - Index Medicus KW - Blotting, Western KW - Humans KW - Retinoblastoma Protein -- metabolism KW - Cyclins -- metabolism KW - Colony Count, Microbial KW - Keratinocytes -- virology KW - Cell Line, Transformed KW - Drug Synergism KW - Tumor Suppressor Protein p53 -- metabolism KW - Oncogene Proteins, Viral -- metabolism KW - Interferon-alpha -- pharmacology KW - Tumor Virus Infections -- virology KW - Cytosine -- pharmacology KW - Antiviral Agents -- pharmacology KW - Papillomavirus Infections -- virology KW - Papillomaviridae -- metabolism KW - Organophosphorus Compounds -- pharmacology KW - Cytosine -- analogs & derivatives KW - Papillomaviridae -- growth & development KW - Papillomaviridae -- drug effects UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/73284805?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Antimicrobial+agents+and+chemotherapy&rft.atitle=Alpha+interferon+augments+cidofovir%27s+antiviral+and+antiproliferative+activities.&rft.au=Johnson%2C+Jeffrey+A%3BGangemi%2C+J+David&rft.aulast=Johnson&rft.aufirst=Jeffrey&rft.date=2003-06-01&rft.volume=47&rft.issue=6&rft.spage=2022&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Antimicrobial+agents+and+chemotherapy&rft.issn=00664804&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 2003-10-07 N1 - Date created - 2003-05-22 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - SuppNotes - Cited By: Am J Health Syst Pharm. 1997 Jan 1;54(1):12, 15 [9117780] J Interferon Cytokine Res. 1995 Dec;15(12):1011-6 [8746781] Antimicrob Agents Chemother. 1997 Mar;41(3):594-9 [9055999] J Acquir Immune Defic Syndr Hum Retrovirol. 1997;14 Suppl 1:S27-31 [9058615] Am J Med. 1997 May 5;102(5A):28-37 [9217660] Clin Exp Obstet Gynecol. 1997;24(2):93-4 [9342473] Urology. 1997 Dec;50(6):863-7; discussion 867-8 [9426715] J Med Virol. 1998 Mar;54(3):219-25 [9515772] Hepatology. 1998 Apr;27(4):1128-35 [9537454] Invest New Drugs. 1997;15(4):319-24 [9547674] Cytokines Cell Mol Ther. 1998 Dec;4(4):229-41 [10068057] Clin Pharmacokinet. 1999 Feb;36(2):127-43 [10092959] Antimicrob Agents Chemother. 1999 May;43(5):1198-205 [10223936] Exp Cell Res. 1964 Jan;33:301-9 [14109144] Antiviral Res. 1994 Sep;25(1):1-11 [7811057] J Interferon Cytokine Res. 1999 Oct;19(10):1107-16 [10547150] J Med Virol. 2000 Feb;60(2):205-9 [10596022] Antivir Chem Chemother. 2000 Jul;11(4):261-71 [10950388] Antiviral Res. 2000 Aug;47(2):103-9 [10996398] Eur Respir J. 2001 Apr;17(4):830-1 [11401080] J Virol. 2001 Dec;75(23):11821-6 [11689663] Antiviral Res. 2002 Jul;55(1):1-13 [12076747] Adv Enzyme Regul. 1984;22:27-55 [6382953] J Biol Chem. 1984 Dec 10;259(23):14835-9 [6501319] J Virol. 1987 Apr;61(4):1061-6 [2434663] Laryngoscope. 1988 Dec;98(12):1324-9 [3200075] Adv Virus Res. 1990;38:147-200 [1699395] Dermatol Clin. 1991 Apr;9(2):343-52 [1711942] Virology. 1991 Dec;185(2):929-33 [1720593] Cancer Res. 1994 Apr 15;54(8):2108-12 [8174114] Cornea. 1994 Nov;13(6):516-20 [7842711] N Engl J Med. 1995 Oct 5;333(14):943-4 [7666893] Antiviral Res. 1996 Jan;29(1):49-51 [8721544] Virology. 1997 Jan 6;227(1):220-8 [9007077] N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Serostatus Disclosure, Sexual Communication and Safer Sex in HIV-Positive Men AN - 61509831; 200404575 AB - This study assessed HIV-positive men's sexual behaviors with partners at risk for infection & examined the extent to which safer sex was associated with interpersonal communication variables, namely, (1) disclosure of one's seropositive status & (2) specific communication with partners about safer-sex practices. A total of 105 HIV-positive men (43% homosexual, 38% bisexual, 19% heterosexual), randomly sampled at an HIV outpatient clinic in Los Angeles, completed a behavioral questionnaire assessing events in their most recent sexual encounter with an HIV-negative or unknown serostatus partner. Results indicated that men who disclosed their seropositive status & explicitly discussed the topic of safer sex with their at-risk partners had a significantly higher prevalence of protected anal or vaginal intercourse than did men who disclosed only. The findings suggest that posttest counseling regarding the importance of disclosing one's seropositive status to sex partners should be augmented by behavioral interventions that enhance seropositive persons' skills in communicating explicitly with partners about safer sex to help reduce transmission of HIV. 2 Tables, 19 References. Adapted from the source document. JF - AIDS Care AU - Crepaz, Nicole AU - Marks, G AD - Division HIV/AIDS Prevention, Centers Disease Control & Prevention, Atlanta, GA ncrepaz@cdc.gov Y1 - 2003/06// PY - 2003 DA - June 2003 SP - 379 EP - 387 VL - 15 IS - 3 SN - 0954-0121, 0954-0121 KW - Condoms KW - Risk KW - Sexual Behavior KW - Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndrome KW - Males KW - Homosexuality KW - Internet KW - article KW - 6126: acquired immune deficiency syndrome (AIDS) UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/61509831?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Asocialservices&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=AIDS+Care&rft.atitle=Serostatus+Disclosure%2C+Sexual+Communication+and+Safer+Sex+in+HIV-Positive+Men&rft.au=Crepaz%2C+Nicole%3BMarks%2C+G&rft.aulast=Crepaz&rft.aufirst=Nicole&rft.date=2003-06-01&rft.volume=15&rft.issue=3&rft.spage=379&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=AIDS+Care&rft.issn=09540121&rft_id=info:doi/10.1080%2F0954012031000105432 LA - English DB - Social Services Abstracts N1 - Date revised - 2007-05-01 N1 - Number of references - 19 N1 - Last updated - 2016-09-28 N1 - CODEN - AIDCEF N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Homosexuality; Males; Sexual Behavior; Condoms; Risk; Internet; Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndrome DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/0954012031000105432 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - National Surveillance for the Human Ehrlichioses in the United States, 1997-2001, and Proposed Methods for Evaluation of Data Quality AN - 21349207; 8396783 AB - AbstractThis report describes the data accumulated during the first 5 years of national surveillance for the human ehrlichioses in the United States and territories, from its initiation in 1997 through 2001. Reported cases of human monocytic and granulocytic ehrlichiosis (HME and HGE) and cases of 'other ehrlichiosis' (OE), where the agent was unspecified, originated from 30 states. As anticipated, most HME cases were from the south-central and southeastern United States, while HGE was most commonly reported from the northeastern and upper-Midwestern region. State-level incident reports of 487 HME, 1,091 HGE, and 11 OE cases were evaluated. The average annual incidences of HME, HGE, and OE per million persons residing in states reporting disease were 0.7, 1.6, and 0.2, respectively. The median ages of HME (53 yr) and HGE cases (51 yr) were consistent with published patient series. Most (> 57%) ehrlichiosis patients were male. The results suggest that national surveillance for the ehrlichioses, although imperfect in coverage, will help define endemic regions and may be useful for monitoring long-term trends. Although the data appear representative of the demographic profiles established for HME and HGE, rigorous evaluation of the system is required. Methods are proposed for evaluating the quality and representativeness of HME and HGE surveillance data, using well-established surveillance systems for Rocky Mountain spotted fever and Lyme disease. JF - Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences AU - Gardner, Stacy L AU - Holman, Robert C AU - Krebs, John W AU - Berkelman, Ruth AU - Childs, James E AD - Department of Epidemiology, Rollins School of Public Health, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia 30333, USA, JChilds@cdc.gov Y1 - 2003/06// PY - 2003 DA - Jun 2003 SP - 80 EP - 89 PB - Blackwell Publishing Ltd., 9600 Garsington Road VL - 990 IS - 1 SN - 0077-8923, 0077-8923 KW - Microbiology Abstracts B: Bacteriology KW - ehrlichiosis KW - surveillance KW - epidemiology KW - evaluation KW - tick-borne diseases KW - Demography KW - Rocky Mountain spotted fever KW - Age KW - Data processing KW - Borrelia KW - Ehrlichiosis KW - Territory KW - Monocytes KW - Lyme disease KW - J 02400:Human Diseases UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/21349207?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologyb&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Annals+of+the+New+York+Academy+of+Sciences&rft.atitle=National+Surveillance+for+the+Human+Ehrlichioses+in+the+United+States%2C+1997-2001%2C+and+Proposed+Methods+for+Evaluation+of+Data+Quality&rft.au=Gardner%2C+Stacy+L%3BHolman%2C+Robert+C%3BKrebs%2C+John+W%3BBerkelman%2C+Ruth%3BChilds%2C+James+E&rft.aulast=Gardner&rft.aufirst=Stacy&rft.date=2003-06-01&rft.volume=990&rft.issue=1&rft.spage=80&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Annals+of+the+New+York+Academy+of+Sciences&rft.issn=00778923&rft_id=info:doi/10.1111%2Fj.1749-6632.2003.tb07341.x LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2010-02-01 N1 - Last updated - 2015-03-31 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Demography; Rocky Mountain spotted fever; Age; Data processing; Territory; Ehrlichiosis; Monocytes; Lyme disease; Borrelia DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1749-6632.2003.tb07341.x ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Route of Transmission Alters the Infectivity of Anaplasma phagocytophila in Mice AN - 21130890; 8396737 JF - Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences AU - MASSUNG, ROBERT F AU - Priestley, Rachael A AU - Levin, Michael L AD - Division of Viral and Rickettsial Diseases, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia 30333, USA, rfm2@cdc.gov Y1 - 2003/06// PY - 2003 DA - Jun 2003 SP - 494 EP - 495 PB - Blackwell Publishing Ltd., 9600 Garsington Road VL - 990 IS - 1 SN - 0077-8923, 0077-8923 KW - Microbiology Abstracts B: Bacteriology KW - Anaplasma phagocytophila KW - HGE KW - human granulocytic erlichiosis KW - transmission KW - white-footed mouse KW - Infectivity KW - Anaplasma KW - J 02490:Miscellaneous UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/21130890?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologyb&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Annals+of+the+New+York+Academy+of+Sciences&rft.atitle=Route+of+Transmission+Alters+the+Infectivity+of+Anaplasma+phagocytophila+in+Mice&rft.au=MASSUNG%2C+ROBERT+F%3BPriestley%2C+Rachael+A%3BLevin%2C+Michael+L&rft.aulast=MASSUNG&rft.aufirst=ROBERT&rft.date=2003-06-01&rft.volume=990&rft.issue=1&rft.spage=494&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Annals+of+the+New+York+Academy+of+Sciences&rft.issn=00778923&rft_id=info:doi/10.1111%2Fj.1749-6632.2003.tb07416.x LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2010-01-01 N1 - Last updated - 2015-03-31 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Infectivity; Anaplasma DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1749-6632.2003.tb07416.x ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Seroimmunological Monitoring of Several Species of Rickettsiaceae and Bartonellaceae Circulating in the Moscow Region AN - 21125643; 8396724 JF - Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences AU - Ignatovich, V AU - PENKINA, G AU - Umnova, N AD - The Gamaleya Research Institute of Epidemiology and Microbiology, Gamaleya Street 18, 123098 Moscow, Russia, MEremeeva@cdc.gov Y1 - 2003/06// PY - 2003 DA - Jun 2003 SP - 419 EP - 423 PB - Blackwell Publishing Ltd., 9600 Garsington Road VL - 990 IS - 1 SN - 0077-8923, 0077-8923 KW - Microbiology Abstracts B: Bacteriology KW - Rickettsiaceae KW - Bartonellaceae KW - seroimmunological monitoring KW - Moscow region KW - Circulation KW - J 02490:Miscellaneous UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/21125643?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologyb&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Annals+of+the+New+York+Academy+of+Sciences&rft.atitle=Seroimmunological+Monitoring+of+Several+Species+of+Rickettsiaceae+and+Bartonellaceae+Circulating+in+the+Moscow+Region&rft.au=Ignatovich%2C+V%3BPENKINA%2C+G%3BUmnova%2C+N&rft.aulast=Ignatovich&rft.aufirst=V&rft.date=2003-06-01&rft.volume=990&rft.issue=1&rft.spage=419&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Annals+of+the+New+York+Academy+of+Sciences&rft.issn=00778923&rft_id=info:doi/10.1111%2Fj.1749-6632.2003.tb07404.x LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2010-01-01 N1 - Last updated - 2015-03-31 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Circulation DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1749-6632.2003.tb07404.x ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Serologic Evidence for a Novel Ehrlichia Species in Woodchucks (Marmota monax) from Pennsylvania, USA AN - 21124476; 8396784 JF - Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences AU - Nicholson, William L AU - Kuhar, Daniel J AU - Humphreys, Jan G AU - Childs, James E AD - Viral and Rickettsial Zoonoses Branch, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia 30333, USA, wnicholson@cdc.gov Y1 - 2003/06// PY - 2003 DA - Jun 2003 SP - 90 EP - 93 PB - Blackwell Publishing Ltd., 9600 Garsington Road VL - 990 IS - 1 SN - 0077-8923, 0077-8923 KW - Microbiology Abstracts B: Bacteriology KW - J 02490:Miscellaneous UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/21124476?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologyb&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Annals+of+the+New+York+Academy+of+Sciences&rft.atitle=Serologic+Evidence+for+a+Novel+Ehrlichia+Species+in+Woodchucks+%28Marmota+monax%29+from+Pennsylvania%2C+USA&rft.au=Nicholson%2C+William+L%3BKuhar%2C+Daniel+J%3BHumphreys%2C+Jan+G%3BChilds%2C+James+E&rft.aulast=Nicholson&rft.aufirst=William&rft.date=2003-06-01&rft.volume=990&rft.issue=1&rft.spage=90&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Annals+of+the+New+York+Academy+of+Sciences&rft.issn=00778923&rft_id=info:doi/10.1111%2Fj.1749-6632.2003.tb07342.x LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2010-01-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-14 DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1749-6632.2003.tb07342.x ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Do Chromosomal Deletions in the Lipopolysaccharide Biosynthetic Regions Explain All Cases of Phase Variation in Coxiella burnetii Strains? AN - 21124459; 8396765 JF - Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences AU - Thompson, Ha AU - Hoover, T A AU - Vodkin, M H AU - Shaw, E I AD - Viral and Rickettsial Zoonoses Branch, Division of Viral and Rickettsial Diseases, National Center for Infectious Diseases, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia 30333, USA, hct2@cdc.gov Y1 - 2003/06// PY - 2003 DA - Jun 2003 SP - 664 EP - 670 PB - Blackwell Publishing Ltd., 9600 Garsington Road VL - 990 IS - 1 SN - 0077-8923, 0077-8923 KW - Microbiology Abstracts B: Bacteriology; Biotechnology and Bioengineering Abstracts KW - Coxiella burnetii KW - phase variation KW - chromosomal deletions KW - Coxiella burnetii KW - Phase variations KW - Chromosome deletion KW - Lipopolysaccharides KW - J 02310:Genetics & Taxonomy KW - W 30965:Miscellaneous, Reviews UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/21124459?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologyb&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Annals+of+the+New+York+Academy+of+Sciences&rft.atitle=Do+Chromosomal+Deletions+in+the+Lipopolysaccharide+Biosynthetic+Regions+Explain+All+Cases+of+Phase+Variation+in+Coxiella+burnetii+Strains%3F&rft.au=Thompson%2C+Ha%3BHoover%2C+T+A%3BVodkin%2C+M+H%3BShaw%2C+E+I&rft.aulast=Thompson&rft.aufirst=Ha&rft.date=2003-06-01&rft.volume=990&rft.issue=1&rft.spage=664&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Annals+of+the+New+York+Academy+of+Sciences&rft.issn=00778923&rft_id=info:doi/10.1111%2Fj.1749-6632.2003.tb07441.x LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2010-01-01 N1 - Last updated - 2015-03-31 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Phase variations; Chromosome deletion; Lipopolysaccharides; Coxiella burnetii DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1749-6632.2003.tb07441.x ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Multiplex Taqman PCR Assay for Rapid Detection of Anaplasma phagocytophila and Borrelia burgdorferi AN - 21120505; 8396713 JF - Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences AU - Courtney, Joshua W AU - MASSUNG, ROBERT F AD - Viral and Rickettsial Zoonoses Branch, Division of Viral and Rickettsial Diseases, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia 30333, USA, rfm2@cdc.gov Y1 - 2003/06// PY - 2003 DA - Jun 2003 SP - 369 EP - 370 PB - Blackwell Publishing Ltd., 9600 Garsington Road VL - 990 IS - 1 SN - 0077-8923, 0077-8923 KW - Microbiology Abstracts B: Bacteriology KW - Lyme disease KW - Borrelia burgdorferi KW - Anaplasma phagocytophila KW - human granulocytic erlichiosis KW - Borrelia burgdorferi KW - Polymerase chain reaction KW - Anaplasma KW - J 02300:Methods UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/21120505?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologyb&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Annals+of+the+New+York+Academy+of+Sciences&rft.atitle=Multiplex+Taqman+PCR+Assay+for+Rapid+Detection+of+Anaplasma+phagocytophila+and+Borrelia+burgdorferi&rft.au=Courtney%2C+Joshua+W%3BMASSUNG%2C+ROBERT+F&rft.aulast=Courtney&rft.aufirst=Joshua&rft.date=2003-06-01&rft.volume=41&rft.issue=4&rft.spage=1507&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+Clinical+Microbiology&rft.issn=00951137&rft_id=info:doi/10.1128%2FJCM.41.4.1507-1511.2003 LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2010-01-01 N1 - Last updated - 2015-03-31 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Polymerase chain reaction; Borrelia burgdorferi; Anaplasma DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1749-6632.2003.tb07393.x ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Investigation of a Focus of Q Fever in a Nonfarming Population in the Federation of Bosnia and Herzegovina AN - 21120495; 8396686 JF - Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences AU - McQUISTON, J H AU - Gibbons, R V AU - Velic, R AU - Nicholson, W L AU - Castrodale, L AU - Wainright, Sh AU - VANNIEWENHOVEN, T J AU - Morgan, E W AU - ARAPOVIC, L AU - DELILIC, A AU - O'Reilly, M AU - Bajrovic, T AD - Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia, USA, fzh7@cdc.gov Y1 - 2003/06// PY - 2003 DA - Jun 2003 SP - 229 EP - 232 PB - Blackwell Publishing Ltd., 9600 Garsington Road VL - 990 IS - 1 SN - 0077-8923, 0077-8923 KW - Microbiology Abstracts B: Bacteriology KW - Q fever KW - Coxiella burnetii KW - acute infection KW - phase II antibody KW - J 02490:Miscellaneous UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/21120495?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologyb&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Annals+of+the+New+York+Academy+of+Sciences&rft.atitle=Investigation+of+a+Focus+of+Q+Fever+in+a+Nonfarming+Population+in+the+Federation+of+Bosnia+and+Herzegovina&rft.au=McQUISTON%2C+J+H%3BGibbons%2C+R+V%3BVelic%2C+R%3BNicholson%2C+W+L%3BCastrodale%2C+L%3BWainright%2C+Sh%3BVANNIEWENHOVEN%2C+T+J%3BMorgan%2C+E+W%3BARAPOVIC%2C+L%3BDELILIC%2C+A%3BO%27Reilly%2C+M%3BBajrovic%2C+T&rft.aulast=McQUISTON&rft.aufirst=J&rft.date=2003-06-01&rft.volume=990&rft.issue=1&rft.spage=229&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Annals+of+the+New+York+Academy+of+Sciences&rft.issn=00778923&rft_id=info:doi/10.1111%2Fj.1749-6632.2003.tb07368.x LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2010-01-01 N1 - Last updated - 2015-03-31 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Q fever DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1749-6632.2003.tb07368.x ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Characterization of Anaplasma phagocytophila and Borrelia burgdorferi Genotypes in Ixodes scapularis Ticks from Pennsylvania AN - 20855519; 8396669 JF - Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences AU - Courtney, Joshua W AU - Dryden, Richard L AU - WYLETO, PAUL AU - Schneider, Bradley S AU - MASSUNG, ROBERT F AD - Division of Viral and Rickettsial Diseases, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia, USA, rfm2@cdc.gov Y1 - 2003/06// PY - 2003 DA - Jun 2003 SP - 131 EP - 133 PB - Blackwell Publishing Ltd., 9600 Garsington Road VL - 990 IS - 1 SN - 0077-8923, 0077-8923 KW - Microbiology Abstracts B: Bacteriology; Entomology Abstracts KW - Ixodes scapularis KW - Anaplasma phagocytophila KW - Borrelia burgdorferi KW - Pennsylvania KW - Borrelia burgdorferi KW - Ixodidae KW - Ixodes scapularis KW - Genotypes KW - Anaplasma KW - J 02410:Animal Diseases KW - Z 05360:Genetics and Evolution UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/20855519?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologyb&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Annals+of+the+New+York+Academy+of+Sciences&rft.atitle=Characterization+of+Anaplasma+phagocytophila+and+Borrelia+burgdorferi+Genotypes+in+Ixodes+scapularis+Ticks+from+Pennsylvania&rft.au=Courtney%2C+Joshua+W%3BDryden%2C+Richard+L%3BWYLETO%2C+PAUL%3BSchneider%2C+Bradley+S%3BMASSUNG%2C+ROBERT+F&rft.aulast=Courtney&rft.aufirst=Joshua&rft.date=2003-06-01&rft.volume=990&rft.issue=1&rft.spage=131&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Annals+of+the+New+York+Academy+of+Sciences&rft.issn=00778923&rft_id=info:doi/10.1111%2Fj.1749-6632.2003.tb07351.x LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2008-09-01 N1 - Last updated - 2015-03-27 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Genotypes; Borrelia burgdorferi; Ixodidae; Ixodes scapularis; Anaplasma DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1749-6632.2003.tb07351.x ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Genetic Analysis of Isolates of Rickettsia rickettsii That Differ in Virulence AN - 19555704; 8396774 AB - We examined the degree of intraspecies genetic polymorphisms present among 13 R. rickettsii strains isolated from the blood of patients and ixodid ticks from North and South America. Preliminary confirmation of these isolates as R. rickettsii was done by evaluating RsaI and PstI restriction fragment length polymorphic (RFLP) sites in a 631 bp fragment of the rOmpA gene amplified with primers encompassing the Rr190.70-701 nt region. All isolates had the same profile, which was identical to that previously described for strain Bitterroot. The AluI RFLP analysis of the rOmpA fragment differentiated only HlpNUMBER2 isolate from the other strains. Two types of RFLP patterns were obtained for a 381 bp gltA fragment. Strains Bitterroot, Sheila Smith, Lost Horse Canyon, and Morgan contained an additional AluI fragment of 40 bp, compared to the four-band profile of 122, 87, 81, and 43 bp determined for other isolates. These differences correlated with the absence of a CGC insert in the former isolates as determined by comparative DNA sequence analysis. To measure the levels of deletion-mutation events among isolates of R. rickettsii, DNA sequence analysis was performed on a portion of a 2,672 bp region spanning the 3'-end of polA to the 5'-end of dnaE. Except for HlpNUMBER2 strain these isolates were highly conserved in the regions sequenced. JF - Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences AU - Eremeeva, Marina E AU - Klemt, Ryan M AU - Santucci-Domotor, Lisa A AU - Silverman, David J AU - Dasch, Gregory A AD - University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland 21201, USA, MEremeeva@cdc.gov Y1 - 2003/06// PY - 2003 DA - Jun 2003 SP - 717 EP - 722 PB - Blackwell Publishing Ltd., 9600 Garsington Road VL - 990 IS - 1 SN - 0077-8923, 0077-8923 KW - Microbiology Abstracts B: Bacteriology; Genetics Abstracts KW - Rickettsia rickettsii KW - gltA KW - metK KW - fossil gene KW - genomic variability KW - Virulence KW - Blood KW - rOmpA gene KW - Ixodidae KW - Nucleotide sequence KW - Gene polymorphism KW - Genetic analysis KW - Primers KW - Rickettsia rickettsii KW - Sheila KW - J 02410:Animal Diseases KW - G 07770:Bacteria UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/19555704?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologyb&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Annals+of+the+New+York+Academy+of+Sciences&rft.atitle=Genetic+Analysis+of+Isolates+of+Rickettsia+rickettsii+That+Differ+in+Virulence&rft.au=Eremeeva%2C+Marina+E%3BKlemt%2C+Ryan+M%3BSantucci-Domotor%2C+Lisa+A%3BSilverman%2C+David+J%3BDasch%2C+Gregory+A&rft.aulast=Eremeeva&rft.aufirst=Marina&rft.date=2003-06-01&rft.volume=990&rft.issue=1&rft.spage=717&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Annals+of+the+New+York+Academy+of+Sciences&rft.issn=00778923&rft_id=info:doi/10.1111%2Fj.1749-6632.2003.tb07449.x LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2008-12-01 N1 - Last updated - 2015-03-27 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Virulence; Blood; rOmpA gene; Gene polymorphism; Nucleotide sequence; Genetic analysis; Primers; Ixodidae; Sheila; Rickettsia rickettsii DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1749-6632.2003.tb07449.x ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Rickettsialpox in New York City AN - 19310756; 8396711 AB - AbstractRickettsialpox, a spotted fever rickettsiosis, was first identified in New York City (NYC) in 1946. During the next five years, approximately 540 additional cases were identified in NYC. However, during the subsequent five decades, rickettsialpox received relatively little attention from clinicians and public health professionals, and reporting of the disease diminished markedly. During February 2001 through August 2002, 34 cases of rickettsialpox in NYC were confirmed at CDC from cutaneous biopsy specimens tested by using immunohistochemical (IHC) staining, PCR analysis, and isolation of Rickettsia akari in cell culture, as well as an indirect immunofluorescence assay of serum specimens. Samples were collected from patients with febrile illnesses accompanied by an eschar, a papulovesicular rash, or both. Patients originated predominantly from two boroughs (Manhattan and the Bronx). Only 8 (24%) of the cases were identified prior to the reports of bioterrorism-associated anthrax in the United States during October 2001, and lesions of several patients evaluated during and subsequent to this episode were suspected initially to be cutaneous anthrax. IHC staining of biopsy specimens of eschars and papular lesions were positive for spotted fever group rickettsiae for 32 patients. Of the eleven patients for whom paired serum samples were obtained, all demonstrated fourfold or greater increases in antibody titers reactive with R. akari. The 17-kDa protein gene sequence of R. akari was amplified from eschars of five patients. Four isolates of R. akari were obtained from cutaneous lesions. Possible factors responsible for the increase in clinical samples evaluated for rickettsialpox during this interval include renewed clinical interest in the disease, improved diagnostic methods, epizootiological influences, and factors associated with the recent specter of bioterrorism. JF - Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences AU - Paddock, Christopher D AU - Zaki, Sherif R AU - Koss, Tamara AU - Singleton, Joseph AU - Sumner, John W AU - Comer, James A AU - Eremeeva, Marina E AU - Dasch, Gregory A AU - Cherry, Bryan AU - Childs, James E AD - Viral and Rickettsial Zoonoses Branch, Division of Viral and Rickettsial Diseases, National Center for Infectious Diseases, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia 30333, USA, cdp9@cdc.gov Y1 - 2003/06// PY - 2003 DA - Jun 2003 SP - 36 EP - 44 PB - Blackwell Publishing Ltd., 9600 Garsington Road VL - 990 IS - 1 SN - 0077-8923, 0077-8923 KW - Microbiology Abstracts B: Bacteriology KW - rickettsialpox KW - Rickettsia akari KW - urban zoonoses KW - bioterrorism KW - Rickettsiosis KW - Cell culture KW - Biopsy KW - Immunofluorescence KW - Rickettsialpox KW - Public health KW - Exanthema KW - Antibodies KW - Spotted fevers KW - Proteins KW - Anthrax KW - Polymerase chain reaction KW - Amino acid sequence KW - J 02400:Human Diseases UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/19310756?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologyb&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Annals+of+the+New+York+Academy+of+Sciences&rft.atitle=Rickettsialpox+in+New+York+City&rft.au=Paddock%2C+Christopher+D%3BZaki%2C+Sherif+R%3BKoss%2C+Tamara%3BSingleton%2C+Joseph%3BSumner%2C+John+W%3BComer%2C+James+A%3BEremeeva%2C+Marina+E%3BDasch%2C+Gregory+A%3BCherry%2C+Bryan%3BChilds%2C+James+E&rft.aulast=Paddock&rft.aufirst=Christopher&rft.date=2003-06-01&rft.volume=990&rft.issue=1&rft.spage=36&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Annals+of+the+New+York+Academy+of+Sciences&rft.issn=00778923&rft_id=info:doi/10.1111%2Fj.1749-6632.2003.tb07334.x LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2008-12-01 N1 - Last updated - 2015-03-27 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - bioterrorism; Biopsy; Cell culture; Rickettsiosis; Immunofluorescence; Rickettsialpox; Public health; Exanthema; Antibodies; Spotted fevers; Polymerase chain reaction; Anthrax; Proteins; Amino acid sequence DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1749-6632.2003.tb07334.x ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Transmission Efficiency of the AP-Variant 1 Strain of Anaplasma phagocytophila AN - 19309659; 8396780 AB - AbstractNymphal Ixodes scapularis ticks were collected from several sites in Rhode Island. DNA was extracted from a subset of these ticks, and PCR and DNA sequencing of the 16S rRNA gene were used to determine the ratio of Anaplasma phagocytophila-human agent (AP-ha) to a genetic variant not associated with human disease (AP-Variant 1). The remaining ticks were allowed to feed to repletion on either white-footed (Peromyscus leucopus) or DBA-2 (Mus musculus) mice. The engorged ticks, and blood samples drawn from each mouse at one-week intervals, were evaluated by PCR and DNA sequencing for the presence of AP-ha and Variant 1. Although a high percentage of the infecting ticks harbored AP-Variant 1, only AP-ha was amplified from the mouse blood samples. Because the A. phagocytophila variant did not establish an infection either in the natural reservoir of AP-ha, the white-footed mouse, or in a common research laboratory mouse (DBA-2), AP-Variant 1 may have an alternative natural reservoir, possibly the white-tailed deer. JF - Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences AU - MASSUNG, ROBERT F AU - Mather, Thomas N AU - Priestley, Rachael A AU - Levin, Michael L AD - Division of Viral and Rickettsial Diseases, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia 30333, USA, rfm2@cdc.gov Y1 - 2003/06// PY - 2003 DA - Jun 2003 SP - 75 EP - 79 PB - Blackwell Publishing Ltd., 9600 Garsington Road VL - 990 IS - 1 SN - 0077-8923, 0077-8923 KW - Microbiology Abstracts B: Bacteriology; Entomology Abstracts KW - Anaplasma phagocytophila KW - Ixodes scapularis KW - ticks KW - molecular epidemiology KW - DNA sequencing KW - Ixodidae KW - Polymerase chain reaction KW - Infection KW - Anaplasma KW - Musculus KW - rRNA 16S KW - J 02410:Animal Diseases KW - Z 05300:General UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/19309659?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologyb&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Annals+of+the+New+York+Academy+of+Sciences&rft.atitle=Transmission+Efficiency+of+the+AP-Variant+1+Strain+of+Anaplasma+phagocytophila&rft.au=MASSUNG%2C+ROBERT+F%3BMather%2C+Thomas+N%3BPriestley%2C+Rachael+A%3BLevin%2C+Michael+L&rft.aulast=MASSUNG&rft.aufirst=ROBERT&rft.date=2003-06-01&rft.volume=990&rft.issue=1&rft.spage=75&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Annals+of+the+New+York+Academy+of+Sciences&rft.issn=00778923&rft_id=info:doi/10.1111%2Fj.1749-6632.2003.tb07340.x LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2008-09-01 N1 - Last updated - 2015-03-27 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - DNA sequencing; Polymerase chain reaction; Infection; rRNA 16S; Ixodidae; Musculus; Anaplasma DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1749-6632.2003.tb07340.x ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Rickettsia rickettsii Infection in the Pine Vole, Microtus pinetorum AN - 19308768; 8396733 AB - AbstractThe pine vole, Microtus pinetorum, was evaluated as a laboratory animal model for infection with Rickettsia rickettsii. Voles demonstrated signs of acute disease, and 45% of infected animals died following intraperitoneal infection with 3 106 plaque forming units of R. rickettsii. Spleen, liver, kidney, lung, brain, testes and blood were analyzed for rickettsial burden by a quantitative PCR assay. The distribution of rickettsiae in tissues during the course of infection was determined by immunohistochemical staining and pathological changes in tissues were correlated with the clinical severity of infection. Quantitative RT-PCR assays were designed to measure the mRNA levels of the antioxidant enzyme genes for catalase, glutathione peroxidase, glutathione reductase, heme oxygenase, Cu-Zn superoxide dismutase (SOD) and Mn-SOD, and 2 housekeeping genes, actin and glyceraldehyde phosphate dehydrogenase. Tissues from acutely ill animals on days 2 to 6 of infection, convalescent animals, and uninfected control animals were studied. The number of transcripts of each enzyme gene was determined and compared to the degree of rickettsial infection present. These studies demonstrate that the pine vole is a valuable experimental model for studying infection with R. rickettsii. Our results provide the first experimental evidence that R. rickettsii causes alteration(s) of the anti-oxidant system in vivo. JF - Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences AU - Eremeeva, Marina E AU - Liang, Zhongxing AU - Paddock, Christopher AU - Zaki, Sherif AU - Vandenbergh, John G AU - Dasch, Gregory A AU - Silverman, David J AD - Viral and Rickettsial Zoonoses Branch, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia 30333, USA, MEremeeva@cdc.gov Y1 - 2003/06// PY - 2003 DA - Jun 2003 SP - 468 EP - 473 PB - Blackwell Publishing Ltd., 9600 Garsington Road VL - 990 IS - 1 SN - 0077-8923, 0077-8923 KW - Microbiology Abstracts B: Bacteriology KW - Rickettsia rickettsii KW - animal model KW - pathogenesis KW - oxidative injury KW - glutathione reductase KW - Testes KW - Antioxidants KW - Laboratory animals KW - Animal models KW - Infection KW - dehydrogenase KW - Superoxide dismutase KW - Glutathione peroxidase KW - Glyceraldehyde KW - Polymerase chain reaction KW - Actin KW - Plaques KW - Rickettsia rickettsii KW - Brain KW - Spleen KW - Enzymes KW - Heme oxygenase (decyclizing) KW - Catalase KW - Blood KW - Microtus pinetorum KW - Phosphate KW - Lung KW - Kidney KW - Liver KW - J 02410:Animal Diseases UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/19308768?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologyb&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Annals+of+the+New+York+Academy+of+Sciences&rft.atitle=Rickettsia+rickettsii+Infection+in+the+Pine+Vole%2C+Microtus+pinetorum&rft.au=Eremeeva%2C+Marina+E%3BLiang%2C+Zhongxing%3BPaddock%2C+Christopher%3BZaki%2C+Sherif%3BVandenbergh%2C+John+G%3BDasch%2C+Gregory+A%3BSilverman%2C+David+J&rft.aulast=Eremeeva&rft.aufirst=Marina&rft.date=2003-06-01&rft.volume=990&rft.issue=1&rft.spage=468&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Annals+of+the+New+York+Academy+of+Sciences&rft.issn=00778923&rft_id=info:doi/10.1111%2Fj.1749-6632.2003.tb07412.x LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2008-12-01 N1 - Last updated - 2015-03-27 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Testes; glutathione reductase; Antioxidants; Brain; Animal models; Laboratory animals; Enzymes; Spleen; Heme oxygenase (decyclizing); Infection; dehydrogenase; Catalase; Blood; Phosphate; Glutathione peroxidase; Superoxide dismutase; Lung; Liver; Kidney; Polymerase chain reaction; Glyceraldehyde; Plaques; Actin; Microtus pinetorum; Rickettsia rickettsii DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1749-6632.2003.tb07412.x ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Rapid Deployment and Operation of a Q Fever Field Laboratory in Bosnia and Herzegovina AN - 19308341; 8396701 AB - AbstractIn May 2000, CDC was asked to assemble a team to investigate reports of a widespread outbreak of Q fever (Coxiella burnetii infection) in Bosnia-Herzegovina. Brucellosis was also suspected in the outbreak. In a short period of time, we were able to gather supplies, establish collaboration, and rapidly deploy a field laboratory for the serodiagnostic testing of animal and human specimens. Strategy, problems, and insights on organization, transport, and deployment will be discussed. JF - Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences AU - Nicholson, William L AU - McQUISTON, JENNIFER AU - VANNIEUWENHOVEN, TY J AU - Morgan, Earl W AD - Viral and Rickettsial Zoonoses Branch, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia 30333, USA, wnicholson@cdc.gov Y1 - 2003/06// PY - 2003 DA - Jun 2003 SP - 320 EP - 326 PB - Blackwell Publishing Ltd., 9600 Garsington Road VL - 990 IS - 1 SN - 0077-8923, 0077-8923 KW - Microbiology Abstracts B: Bacteriology KW - Q fever KW - Coxiella burnetii KW - Bosnia-Herzegovina KW - field laboratory establishment KW - Infection KW - Brucellosis KW - double prime Q fever KW - J 02400:Human Diseases UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/19308341?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologyb&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Annals+of+the+New+York+Academy+of+Sciences&rft.atitle=Rapid+Deployment+and+Operation+of+a+Q+Fever+Field+Laboratory+in+Bosnia+and+Herzegovina&rft.au=Nicholson%2C+William+L%3BMcQUISTON%2C+JENNIFER%3BVANNIEUWENHOVEN%2C+TY+J%3BMorgan%2C+Earl+W&rft.aulast=Nicholson&rft.aufirst=William&rft.date=2003-06-01&rft.volume=990&rft.issue=1&rft.spage=320&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Annals+of+the+New+York+Academy+of+Sciences&rft.issn=00778923&rft_id=info:doi/10.1111%2Fj.1749-6632.2003.tb07382.x LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2008-12-01 N1 - Last updated - 2015-03-27 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Brucellosis; Infection; double prime Q fever DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1749-6632.2003.tb07382.x ER - TY - JOUR T1 - The Cost-Effectiveness of Single-Dose Azithromycin for Treatment of Incubating Syphilis AN - 19237329; 5806869 AB - Treatment of incubating syphilis with intramuscular benzathine penicillin in exposed sex partners is not always practical in the field, and exposed partners may not adhere to referrals for treatment at clinical facilities. The availability of a single-dose oral therapy could increase the number of partners treated and reduce future infections. The goal of the study was to evaluate the cost-effectiveness of directly observed oral administration of azithromycin as an alternative to referral for treatment with benzathine penicillin. Using published probability and cost estimates, we constructed a decision-analysis model to compare the direct costs and effectiveness of field treatment with azithromycin (1-g single dose) versus referral for standard benzathine penicillin therapy. At public-sector pricing ($11.50 U.S.), directly observed field treatment with azithromycin is cost-saving from both the program and healthcare system perspectives at efficacy levels as low as 75%. Azithromycin therapy is cost-saving at the wholesale price of $17.32 (sachet formulation) when efficacy is at least 90%. The more expensive tablet formulation (average wholesale price of $27.89) is not cost-saving from a program perspective, but it remains cost-saving from a healthcare system perspective if efficacy rates are at least 90%. Azithromycin therapy (1-g single dose) will result in fewer cases of early syphilis among exposed partners, provided that the drug's efficacy is at least 87%. Azithromycin is a cost-effective alternative treatment for incubating syphilis in settings where standard intramuscular therapy is not practical. JF - Sexually Transmitted Diseases AU - Blandford, J M AU - Gift, T L AD - Division of STD Prevention, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, 1600 Clifton Road NE, Atlanta, GA 30333, USA, jblandford@cdc.gov Y1 - 2003/06// PY - 2003 DA - Jun 2003 SP - 502 EP - 508 VL - 30 IS - 6 KW - benzathine KW - Microbiology Abstracts B: Bacteriology KW - Azithromycin KW - Economics KW - Treponema pallidum KW - Syphilis KW - Penicillin KW - J 02849:Sexually-transmitted diseases UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/19237329?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologyb&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Sexually+Transmitted+Diseases&rft.atitle=The+Cost-Effectiveness+of+Single-Dose+Azithromycin+for+Treatment+of+Incubating+Syphilis&rft.au=Blandford%2C+J+M%3BGift%2C+T+L&rft.aulast=Blandford&rft.aufirst=J&rft.date=2003-06-01&rft.volume=30&rft.issue=6&rft.spage=502&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Sexually+Transmitted+Diseases&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Treponema pallidum; Economics; Penicillin; Azithromycin; Syphilis ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Implementing the National Arthritis Action Plan: New population-based approaches to increasing physical activity among people with arthritis AN - 18928638; 5699002 JF - Arthritis Care and Research AU - Brady, T J AU - Sniezek, JE AD - Arthritis Program, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, 4770 Buford Highway, MS-45, Atlanta, GA 30341, USA, tob9@cdc.gov Y1 - 2003/06// PY - 2003 DA - Jun 2003 SP - 471 EP - 476 VL - 49 IS - 3 SN - 0893-7524, 0893-7524 KW - Physical Education Index KW - Arthritis KW - Planning KW - Exercise KW - Treatment KW - PE 030:Exercise, Health & Physical Fitness UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/18928638?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aphysicaleducation&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Arthritis+Care+and+Research&rft.atitle=Implementing+the+National+Arthritis+Action+Plan%3A+New+population-based+approaches+to+increasing+physical+activity+among+people+with+arthritis&rft.au=Brady%2C+T+J%3BSniezek%2C+JE&rft.aulast=Brady&rft.aufirst=T&rft.date=2003-06-01&rft.volume=49&rft.issue=3&rft.spage=471&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Arthritis+Care+and+Research&rft.issn=08937524&rft_id=info:doi/10.1002%2Fart.11052 LA - English DB - Physical Education Index N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Arthritis; Planning; Exercise; Treatment DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/art.11052 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Interdecadal change in the Asia-Africa summer monsoon and its associated changes in global atmospheric circulation AN - 18898433; 5632152 AB - Previous studies have noted that summer precipitation in the sub-Saharan region of North Africa showed a large decrease around the year 1968, and this drought has persisted for much of the period since then. A trend toward decreased summer precipitation is also observed in northeast China. A decrease in precipitation over northeastern China also began around 1968. In this study, we examine the changes in atmospheric circulation that are associated with the interdecadal changes in summer precipitation over Asia and Africa. Data from the reanalysis project by the National Center for Environmental Prediction and National Center for Atmospheric Research (NCEP reanalysis) are used. Precipitation based on the NCEP reanalysis are compared to precipitation observed at stations in China and the sub-Saharan region. We found that the NCEP reanalysis precipitation well represents both the sign and timing of the observed (in situ) change in the summer precipitation over North Africa, as well as the spatial pattern of the observed precipitation changes over eastern China. We have also examined corresponding changes in 850 and 200 mb divergent and rotational circulation features in the NCEP reanalysis. The persistent drought over the sub-Saharan North Africa (the Sahel region) is accompanied by pronounced intensification of divergence (convergence) in the lower (upper) troposphere above the region. The persistent drought in the Sahel is related to changes in the Asia summer monsoon in two ways: (1) In the tropics, the intensification of the lower level divergence is accompanied by stronger convergence over Southeast Asia where summer precipitation increased. The changes in the divergent circulation implies an interdecadal change in the zonal circulation in the tropics, with stronger convergence over Southeast Asia leading to an intensified Hadley cell over East Asia, and associated stronger descending motion and lower level divergence over the region of northeast China. (2) The persistent drought over North Africa became a source of planetary wave activity that helped in the development of stronger anticyclones over northeast China and the south Indian Ocean. JF - Global and Planetary Change AU - Quan, X-W AU - Diaz, H F AU - Fu, C-B AD - NOAA-CIRES Climate Diagnostic Center, 325 Broadway, Boulder, CO, USA, qxw@cdc.noaa.gov Y1 - 2003/06// PY - 2003 DA - Jun 2003 SP - 171 EP - 188 VL - 37 IS - 3-4 SN - 0921-8181, 0921-8181 KW - Water Resources Abstracts; ASFA 2: Ocean Technology Policy & Non-Living Resources; Oceanic Abstracts; Meteorological & Geoastrophysical Abstracts KW - ISW, South Indian Ocean KW - Drought KW - Africa, North KW - Africa, West, Sahel Region KW - Ocean-atmosphere system KW - Monsoon-atmospheric circulation variations KW - Anticyclones KW - Droughts KW - Marine KW - Summer monsoon KW - Monsoon-atmospheric circulation relationships KW - Planetary waves KW - Troposphere KW - Atmospheric circulation KW - Precipitation KW - Summer precipitation distribution KW - Oceans KW - Africa, Sahara Desert KW - Africa KW - China, People's Rep. KW - ISEW, Southeast Asia KW - Monsoons KW - M2 551.553.21:Monsoons (551.553.21) KW - SW 0815:Precipitation KW - Q2 09244:Air-sea coupling KW - O 2070:Meteorology KW - M2 551.513.1:Mechanics and thermodynamics (551.513.1) UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/18898433?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Awaterresources&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Global+and+Planetary+Change&rft.atitle=Interdecadal+change+in+the+Asia-Africa+summer+monsoon+and+its+associated+changes+in+global+atmospheric+circulation&rft.au=Quan%2C+X-W%3BDiaz%2C+H+F%3BFu%2C+C-B&rft.aulast=Quan&rft.aufirst=X-W&rft.date=2003-06-01&rft.volume=37&rft.issue=3-4&rft.spage=171&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Global+and+Planetary+Change&rft.issn=09218181&rft_id=info:doi/10.1016%2FS0921-8181%2802%2900200-X LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Last updated - 2014-05-07 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Planetary waves; Ocean-atmosphere system; Troposphere; Atmospheric circulation; Anticyclones; Droughts; Monsoons; Summer monsoon; Monsoon-atmospheric circulation relationships; Monsoon-atmospheric circulation variations; Summer precipitation distribution; Oceans; Drought; Precipitation; ISW, South Indian Ocean; Africa, West, Sahel Region; Africa, Sahara Desert; Africa; China, People's Rep.; ISEW, Southeast Asia; Africa, North; Marine DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0921-8181(02)00200-X ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Prevention of knee injuries in sports: A systematic review of the literature AN - 18867816; 5711164 AB - We reviewed evidence regarding risk factors associated with incidence of knee injuries both to assess the effectiveness of prevention strategies, and to offer evidence-based recommendations to physicians, coaches, trainers, athletes, and researchers. We searched electronic data bases without language restriction for the years 1966 - September 1, 2001, identified citations from reference sections of research papers retrieved, contacted experts in the field, and searched the Cochrane Collaboration. Of the 328 citations identified, we emphasized the results from the 13 reports that compared alternative methods to prevent knee injury and assessed the methodologic quality of these reports using a standardized instrument. Five studies addressed the effectiveness of bracing in football players; these studies showed no consistent evidence of benefit. Two studies comparing alternative cleat designs and a controlled study testing the effects of adjustments in the ski boot/binding system were difficult to interpret because of inadequate reporting of methodology. Six prospective studies that addressed the impact of conditioning and training showed promise of proprioception and neuromuscular training for protection against knee injury. We identified serious flaws in study design, control of bias, and statistical methods; the median quality scores ranged from 11 to 56 (out of 100). Structured training programs that emphasize neuromuscular and proprioceptive training offer encouraging evidence for the prevention of knee injuries. However, flaws in study design and implementation have limited the effectiveness of work in this field. A rigorously implemented research program is needed to address this critically important sports medicine problem. JF - Journal of Sports Medicine and Physical Fitness AU - Thacker, S B AU - Stroup, D F AU - Branche, C M AU - Gilchrist, J AU - Goodman, R A AU - Kelling, E P AD - Epidemiology Program Office, CDC, 1600 Clifton Road, MS C08 Atlanta, GA 30333, USA, dfs2@cdc.gov Y1 - 2003/06// PY - 2003 DA - Jun 2003 SP - 165 EP - 179 VL - 43 IS - 2 SN - 0022-4707, 0022-4707 KW - Physical Education Index KW - PE 090:Sports Medicine & Exercise Sport Science UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/18867816?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aphysicaleducation&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Sports+Medicine+and+Physical+Fitness&rft.atitle=Prevention+of+knee+injuries+in+sports%3A+A+systematic+review+of+the+literature&rft.au=Thacker%2C+S+B%3BStroup%2C+D+F%3BBranche%2C+C+M%3BGilchrist%2C+J%3BGoodman%2C+R+A%3BKelling%2C+E+P&rft.aulast=Thacker&rft.aufirst=S&rft.date=2003-06-01&rft.volume=43&rft.issue=2&rft.spage=165&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+Sports+Medicine+and+Physical+Fitness&rft.issn=00224707&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - Physical Education Index N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Assessment of the Scientific Basis for Genetic Testing of Railroad Workers with Carpal Tunnel Syndrome AN - 18825824; 5692411 AB - In 2000, approximately 20 railroad track workers who filed injury reports or compensation claims for carpal tunnel syndrome were tested by their employer for two genetic traits to determine the work relatedness of the condition. The testing involved deletions, variants, or mutations in the genetic coding for peripheral myelin protein (PMP22) and transthyretin (TTR). This article is an assessment of whether there is a scientific basis for such testing. A review of the scientific literature indicated that neither the scientific basis nor the population validity of the PMP22 or TTR tests for carpal tunnel syndrome were adequately established before use on railroad track workers in 2000. Although ethical and legal issues may predominate in this case, the absence of a compelling scientific basis undermines the decision to conduct the tests. JF - Journal of Occupational and Environmental Medicine AU - Schulte, P A AU - Lomax, G AD - NIOSH, MS-C14, 4676 Columbia Pkwy, Cincinnati, OH 45226, USA, pas4@cdc.gov Y1 - 2003/06// PY - 2003 DA - Jun 2003 SP - 592 EP - 600 VL - 45 IS - 6 SN - 1076-2752, 1076-2752 KW - carpal tunnel syndrome KW - genetic testing KW - working conditions KW - Health & Safety Science Abstracts KW - H 1000:Occupational Safety and Health UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/18825824?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Ahealthsafetyabstracts&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Occupational+and+Environmental+Medicine&rft.atitle=Assessment+of+the+Scientific+Basis+for+Genetic+Testing+of+Railroad+Workers+with+Carpal+Tunnel+Syndrome&rft.au=Schulte%2C+P+A%3BLomax%2C+G&rft.aulast=Schulte&rft.aufirst=P&rft.date=2003-06-01&rft.volume=45&rft.issue=6&rft.spage=592&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+Occupational+and+Environmental+Medicine&rft.issn=10762752&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Kaposi's Sarcoma in Uganda: Risk Factors for Human Herpesvirus 8 Infection Among Blood Donors AN - 18824055; 5692445 AB - Human herpesvirus 8 (HHV-8) is etiologically linked to Kaposi's sarcoma, a common cancer in Uganda. The authors assessed HHV-8 seroprevalence, risk factors for infection, and HHV-8 assays in a cross-sectional study of Ugandan blood donors. Of 3,736 specimens, the authors selected 203 reactive for HIV, hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg), or syphilis, and, randomly, 203 nonreactive specimens. For HHV-8 testing, the authors used two peptide-based enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays (EIAs), ORFK8.1 and ORF65, and an immunofluorescence assay (IFA). Specimens reactive in at least two assays or on IFA alone were considered HHV-8-seropositive. Prevalence estimates were weighted to account for the sampling scheme. Overall HHV-8 seroprevalence was 40%. HHV-8 seroprevalence was higher among HBsAg-positive donors (53%) than HBsAg-negative donors (39%; p = .02) and higher among HIV-positive donors (63%) than HIV-negative donors (39%; p < .001). HHV-8 seroreactivity showed no trend with age. Kappa values for assay concordances were 0.68 (ORFK8.1 EIA and IFA), 0.37 (ORF65 EIA and K8.1 EIA), and 0.29 (ORF65 EIA and IFA). The association between HHV-8 and HBsAg positivity and the lack of association between HHV-8 and age point to primarily nonsexual HHV-8 transmission during childhood. The association with HIV indicates sexual transmission may also occur. The role of ORF65 EIA in testing specimens from Africa warrants further evaluation. JF - JAIDS Journal of Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndromes AU - Hladik, W AU - Dollard, S C AU - Downing, R G AU - Kataaha, P AU - Pellett, P E AU - Karon, J M AU - Mermin, J AU - Lackritz, E M AD - Global AIDS Program, National Center for HIV, STD, and TB Prevention, CDC, MS E-30, 1600 Clifton Road, Atlanta, GA 30333, USA, wfh3@cdc.gov Y1 - 2003/06/01/ PY - 2003 DA - 2003 Jun 01 SP - 206 EP - 210 VL - 33 IS - 2 SN - 1525-4135, 1525-4135 KW - HIV KW - Kaposi's sarcoma KW - blood donors KW - man KW - Virology & AIDS Abstracts; Risk Abstracts KW - V 22123:Epidemiology KW - R2 23060:Medical and environmental health KW - V 22114:Human oncogenic viruses KW - V 22004:AIDS: Clinical aspects UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/18824055?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Ariskabstracts&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=JAIDS+Journal+of+Acquired+Immune+Deficiency+Syndromes&rft.atitle=Kaposi%27s+Sarcoma+in+Uganda%3A+Risk+Factors+for+Human+Herpesvirus+8+Infection+Among+Blood+Donors&rft.au=Hladik%2C+W%3BDollard%2C+S+C%3BDowning%2C+R+G%3BKataaha%2C+P%3BPellett%2C+P+E%3BKaron%2C+J+M%3BMermin%2C+J%3BLackritz%2C+E+M&rft.aulast=Hladik&rft.aufirst=W&rft.date=2003-06-01&rft.volume=33&rft.issue=2&rft.spage=206&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=JAIDS+Journal+of+Acquired+Immune+Deficiency+Syndromes&rft.issn=15254135&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Phenotypic Description and Antimicrobial Susceptibilities of Aerococcus sanguinicola Isolates from Human Clinical Samples AN - 18816330; 5684616 AB - This report describes the clinical sources and phenotypic characterization of 16 isolates of Aerococcus sanguinicola. Sixteen conventional tests were used to describe and differentiate the 16 isolates of A. sanguinicola from 30 strains of Aerococcus viridans, 27 strains of Aerococcus urinae, and a single strain each of Aerococcus christensenii and Aerococcus urinaehominis. The phenotypic characterizations of the type strains for each species and 14 A. sanguinicola isolates were also compared in the two reference laboratories. A. sanguinicola are catalase-negative, vancomycin- susceptible, gram-positive cocci arranged in clusters and tetrads, as are all Aerococcus species except A. christensenii (which is arranged in short chains). All 16 isolates of A. sanguinicola were leucine aminopeptidase and pyrrolidonylarylamidase positive, which is unique to this species among the aerococci. All A. sanguinicola isolates grew in broth containing 6.5% NaCl, hydrolyzed hippurate, and were variable in the bile-esculin test. None of the isolates deaminated arginine or were Voges-Proskauer positive. The type strain of A. sanguinicola was isolated from a blood culture of a patient living in Denmark. Seven additional isolates were from patients living in Canada, all with urinary tract infections (six were female). Eight isolates were from patients living in five different states in the United States; five were from patients with urinary tract infections, and three were from blood cultures of one patient each with pneumonia, suspected endocarditis, and unknown clinical conditions. The antimicrobial susceptibility patterns were unremarkable; all isolates tested were susceptible to penicillin, amoxicillin, cefotaxime, cefuroxime, erythromycin, chloramphenicol, vancomycin, quinupristin-dalfopristin (Synercid), rifampin, linezolid, and tetracycline. Six of the 15 cultures were resistant to ciprofloxacin and levofloxacin, but all 15 strains were susceptible to sparfloxacin. High-level resistance was detected for meropenem (2 strains) and trimethoprim-sulfamethonazole (1 strain). Intermediate resistance was detected for trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole (10 strains) and clindamycin (3 strains). JF - Journal of Clinical Microbiology AU - Facklam, R AU - Lovgren, M AU - Shewmaker, P L AU - Tyrrell, G AD - Centers for Disease Control & Prevention, Mail Stop C0-2, 1600 Clifton Rd., NE, Atlanta, GA 30333, Rfacklam@cdc.gov Y1 - 2003/06// PY - 2003 DA - Jun 2003 SP - 2587 EP - 2592 PB - American Society for Microbiology, 1752 N Street N.W. Washington, DC 20036 USA, [URL:http://www.asm.org/] VL - 41 IS - 6 SN - 0095-1137, 0095-1137 KW - pyrrolidonylarylamidase KW - Microbiology Abstracts B: Bacteriology KW - J 02814:Drug resistance UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/18816330?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologyb&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Clinical+Microbiology&rft.atitle=Phenotypic+Description+and+Antimicrobial+Susceptibilities+of+Aerococcus+sanguinicola+Isolates+from+Human+Clinical+Samples&rft.au=Facklam%2C+R%3BLovgren%2C+M%3BShewmaker%2C+P+L%3BTyrrell%2C+G&rft.aulast=Facklam&rft.aufirst=R&rft.date=2003-06-01&rft.volume=41&rft.issue=6&rft.spage=2587&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+Clinical+Microbiology&rft.issn=00951137&rft_id=info:doi/10.1128%2FJCM.41.6.2587-2592.2003 LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/JCM.41.6.2587-2592.2003 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - The World Health Organization's External Quality Assurance System Proficiency Testing Program Has Improved the Accuracy of Antimicrobial Susceptibility Testing and Reporting among Participating Laboratories Using NCCLS Methods AN - 18814230; 5684597 AB - A total of 150 laboratories in 33 countries that followed the NCCLS testing procedures participated in the World Health Organization's External Quality Assurance System for Antimicrobial Susceptibility Testing (EQAS-AST) from January 1998 through March 2001. Laboratories tested seven bacterial isolates for antimicrobial resistance and reported the results to the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) in Atlanta, Ga. The results were compared to the results generated at the CDC with the NCCLS broth microdilution and disk diffusion reference methods. Although there were few testing errors with Salmonella enterica subsp. enterica serovar Enteritidis, drugs that are not appropriate for therapy of Salmonella infections were tested and reported by 136 (91%) of 150 laboratories. In addition, 29 (20%) of 150 laboratories used the Staphylococcus aureus breakpoints to report oxacillin results for Staphylococcus saprophyticus. For a vanB-containing Enterococcus faecalis strain, 124 (83%) of 150 laboratories correctly reported vancomycin results that were plus or minus 1 doubling dilution from the reference MIC or plus or minus 3 mm from the reference disk diffusion result. Of the laboratories that tested Streptococcus agalactiae by disk diffusion, 17% reported nonsusceptible results for penicillin in error. While 110 laboratories (73%) tested the S. pneumoniae challenge isolate against a fluoroquinolone, 83% tested it against ciprofloxacin, for which there are no NCCLS interpretive criteria. Ten of 12 laboratories testing levofloxacin and 4 of 4 laboratories testing ofloxacin by an MIC method correctly reported resistant results for the isolate. Feedback letters sent to participating laboratories highlighted areas of susceptibility testing in individual laboratories that needed improvement. The positive impact of the feedback letters and the overall effectiveness of the EQAS program were documented in repeat testing challenges with pneumococci and staphylococci. The 31 and 19% increases in the numbers of laboratories using appropriate testing methods for pneumococci and staphylococci, respectively, in 2000 versus 1998 indicate that laboratory performance is improving. JF - Journal of Clinical Microbiology AU - Chaitram, J M AU - Jevitt, LA AU - Lary, S AU - Tenover, F C AD - Division of Healthcare Quality Promotion, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, 1600 Clifton Rd., MS G-08, Atlanta, GA 30333, zoa6@cdc.gov Y1 - 2003/06// PY - 2003 DA - Jun 2003 SP - 2372 EP - 2377 PB - American Society for Microbiology, 1752 N Street N.W. Washington, DC 20036 USA, [URL:http://www.asm.org/] VL - 41 IS - 6 SN - 0095-1137, 0095-1137 KW - ciprofloxacin KW - levofloxacin KW - oxacillin KW - penicillin KW - vancomycin KW - Microbiology Abstracts B: Bacteriology KW - J 02812:Antibacterial Agents: Others UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/18814230?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologyb&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Clinical+Microbiology&rft.atitle=The+World+Health+Organization%27s+External+Quality+Assurance+System+Proficiency+Testing+Program+Has+Improved+the+Accuracy+of+Antimicrobial+Susceptibility+Testing+and+Reporting+among+Participating+Laboratories+Using+NCCLS+Methods&rft.au=Chaitram%2C+J+M%3BJevitt%2C+LA%3BLary%2C+S%3BTenover%2C+F+C&rft.aulast=Chaitram&rft.aufirst=J&rft.date=2003-06-01&rft.volume=41&rft.issue=6&rft.spage=2372&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+Clinical+Microbiology&rft.issn=00951137&rft_id=info:doi/10.1128%2FJCM.41.6.2372-2377.2003 LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/JCM.41.6.2372-2377.2003 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Federal government regulation of occupational skin exposure in the USA AN - 18803993; 5677965 AB - There are at least 14 federal regulations and three agencies that are involved in the regulation of occupational skin exposures in the USA. The Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) requires the reporting of health effects information on chemicals, and such information is used to assess the risks of human and environmental exposure. The health effects information and any resulting risk assessments are generally available to the public. A fair amount of this information relates to skin irritation, sensitization, and dermal absorption. The EPA can require the submission of new data necessary for it to carry out its risk assessments, and has the authority to ban hazardous chemicals for certain uses. The Food and Drug Administration (FDA) regulates the correct labeling of cosmetics and requires safety and efficacy data on new products that are claimed to have preventive or health benefits. Commercial distribution of topical skin-care and protection products, therefore, can be potentially scrutinized by the FDA, which can control the use of hazardous chemicals in such products. The Occupational Safety and Health Administration (OSHA) has the most direct contact with workplaces through its field inspection compliance activity, which is directed at the reduction of workplace injuries and illnesses. Our analysis suggests that although considerable amounts of health effects information is generated and available, such information may not always be adequately conveyed to the end users of chemical products. In addition, the most effective and practical means of preventing exposure is often not apparent or generally known. Current regulations may have created a reliance on use of chemical protective equipment that may not always be the best approach to protecting workers. Lack of performance criteria that are measurable has hampered industry from objectively assessing skin exposures. This lack of performance criteria or guidance has also hindered the implementation of prevention strategies and a critical assessment of their effectiveness. Better guidance from regulatory agencies directed at performance-based control of occupational skin hazards is presently needed. JF - International Archives of Occupational and Environmental Health AU - Boeniger, M F AU - Ahlers, H W AD - National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, 4676 Columbia Parkway, 45226, Cincinnati, Ohio, USA, mfb1@cdc.gov Y1 - 2003/06// PY - 2003 DA - Jun 2003 SP - 387 EP - 399 PB - Springer-Verlag, [URL:http://link.springer.de/link/service/journals/00420/bibs/3076 005/30760387.htm] VL - 76 IS - 5 SN - 0340-0131, 0340-0131 KW - contact dermatitis KW - man KW - safety regulations KW - Toxicology Abstracts; Health & Safety Science Abstracts KW - X 24230:Legislation & recommended standards KW - H 1000:Occupational Safety and Health UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/18803993?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxicologyabstracts&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=International+Archives+of+Occupational+and+Environmental+Health&rft.atitle=Federal+government+regulation+of+occupational+skin+exposure+in+the+USA&rft.au=Boeniger%2C+M+F%3BAhlers%2C+H+W&rft.aulast=Boeniger&rft.aufirst=M&rft.date=2003-06-01&rft.volume=76&rft.issue=5&rft.spage=387&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=International+Archives+of+Occupational+and+Environmental+Health&rft.issn=03400131&rft_id=info:doi/10.1007%2Fs00420-002-0425-2 LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00420-002-0425-2 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Tobacco smoke exposure and decreased serum and red blood cell folate levels: Data from the Third National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey AN - 18780748; 5655137 AB - The aim of this cross-sectional study was to determine the effects of smoke exposure on serum and red blood cell folate levels. Data collected as part of the Third National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey were analyzed. Serum and red blood cell folate levels were measured in active smokers and nonsmokers with high, moderate, and low exposure to environmental tobacco smoke. After adjusting for dietary intake of folate and other covariates, we found that both smokers and nonsmokers with high smoke exposure had lower red blood cell folate levels than did nonsmokers with low smoke exposure (-86 nmol/l [95% confidence interval, CI, -101 to -71 nmol/l] for smokers; -50 nmol/l [95% CI -69 to -31 nmol/l] for nonsmokers with high smoke exposure, compared with nonsmokers with low smoke exposure). Similarly, after adjustment of dietary intake of folate and other covariates, the log serum folate level also was decreased (-0.29 log nmol/l [95% CI -0.33 to -0.25 log nmol/l] for smokers; -0.16 log nmol/l [95% CI -0.20 to -0.12 log nmol/l] for nonsmokers with high smoke exposure, compared with nonsmokers with low smoke exposure). Tobacco smoke exposure is associated with decreased folate levels, which may be a mechanism for some of the health effects of active and passive smoking. JF - Nicotine & Tobacco Research AU - Mannino, D M AU - Mulinare, J AU - Ford, E S AU - Schwartz, J AD - National Center for Environmental Health, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, 1600 Clifton Road, MS E-17, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA, dmannino@cdc.gov Y1 - 2003/06// PY - 2003 DA - Jun 2003 SP - 357 EP - 362 VL - 5 IS - 3 SN - 1462-2203, 1462-2203 KW - man KW - serum KW - Toxicology Abstracts KW - X 24180:Social poisons & drug abuse UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/18780748?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxicologyabstracts&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Nicotine+%26+Tobacco+Research&rft.atitle=Tobacco+smoke+exposure+and+decreased+serum+and+red+blood+cell+folate+levels%3A+Data+from+the+Third+National+Health+and+Nutrition+Examination+Survey&rft.au=Mannino%2C+D+M%3BMulinare%2C+J%3BFord%2C+E+S%3BSchwartz%2C+J&rft.aulast=Mannino&rft.aufirst=D&rft.date=2003-06-01&rft.volume=5&rft.issue=3&rft.spage=357&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Nicotine+%26+Tobacco+Research&rft.issn=14622203&rft_id=info:doi/10.1080%2F1462220031000094330 LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/1462220031000094330 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Reproductive health in school-based health centers: findings from the 1998- 99 census of school-based health centers AN - 18767556; 5638204 AB - To describe the state of reproductive health services, including access to contraception and health center policies, among school-based health centers (SBHCs) serving adolescents in the United States We examined questionnaire data on provision of reproductive health services from the 1998-99 Census of School- Based Health Centers (response rate 70%). We examined 551 SBHCs in schools with high or middle school grades. We used logistic regression to define factors independently associated with services and policies. Most SBHCs (76%) were open full-time; over one-half (51%) of centers had opened in the past 4 years. Services provided, either on-site or by referral, included gynecological examinations (95%), pregnancy testing (96%), sexually transmitted disease (STD) diagnosis and treatment (95%), Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) counseling (94%), HIV testing (93%), oral contraceptive pills (89%), condoms (88%), Depo- Provera (88%), Norplant (78%), and emergency contraception (77%). Counseling, screening, pregnancy testing, and STD/HIV services were often provided on-site (range 55%-82%); contraception was often provided only by referral (on-site AVAILABILITY = 3%-28%). SBHCs with more provider staffing were more likely to provide services on-site; rural SBHCs and those serving younger grades were less likely to provide these services on-site. Over three-quarters (76%) of SBHCs reported prohibitions about providing contraceptive services on-site; the sources of these prohibitions included school district policy (74%), school policy (30%), state law (13%), and health center policy (12%). While SBHCs generally required parental permission for general health services, many allowed adolescents to access care independently for certain services including STD care (48%) and family planning (40%). Older SBHCs were more likely to allow independent access. SBHCs provide a broad range of reproductive health services directly or via referral; however, they often face institutional and logistical barriers to providing recommended reproductive health care. JF - Journal of Adolescent Health AU - Santelli, J S AU - Nystrom, R J AU - Brindis, C AU - Juszczak, L AU - Klein, J D AU - Bearss, N AU - Kaplan, D W AU - Hudson, M AU - W,JS AD - Division of Reproductive Health, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia, USA (J.S.S. M.H.), jsantelli@cdc.gov Y1 - 2003/06// PY - 2003 DA - Jun 2003 SP - 443 EP - 451 VL - 32 IS - 6 SN - 1054-139X, 1054-139X KW - Physical Education Index KW - PE 030:Exercise, Health & Physical Fitness UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/18767556?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aphysicaleducation&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Adolescent+Health&rft.atitle=Reproductive+health+in+school-based+health+centers%3A+findings+from+the+1998-+99+census+of+school-based+health+centers&rft.au=Santelli%2C+J+S%3BNystrom%2C+R+J%3BBrindis%2C+C%3BJuszczak%2C+L%3BKlein%2C+J+D%3BBearss%2C+N%3BKaplan%2C+D+W%3BHudson%2C+M%3BW%2CJS&rft.aulast=Santelli&rft.aufirst=J&rft.date=2003-06-01&rft.volume=32&rft.issue=6&rft.spage=443&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+Adolescent+Health&rft.issn=1054139X&rft_id=info:doi/10.1016%2FS1054-139X%2803%2900063-6 LA - English DB - Physical Education Index N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S1054-139X(03)00063-6 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Sports and recreation related injury episodes in the US population, 1997-99 AN - 17936618; 5889639 AB - To characterize sports and recreation related (SR) injury episodes in the US population. SR activities are growing in popularity suggesting the need for increased awareness of SR injuries as a public health concern for physically active persons of all ages in the US population. The National Health Interview Survey (NHIS) is a face-to-face household survey conducted yearly by the National Center for Health Statistics, part of the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. Demographic and health data are collected from a nationally representative sample of the civilian, non-institutionalized population residing in the US. Medically attended injury events reported in the 1997-99 Injury Section of the NHIS were categorized according to the associated sport or recreational activity using a classification scheme based on the International Classification of External Causes of Injury system. Episodes where the injured person received any type of medical attention (that is, medical advice or treatment) from any health care provider were used to report the incidence, severity, and nature of SR injuries sustained by US citizens. Annually, an estimated seven million Americans received medical attention for SR injuries (25.9 injury episodes per 1000 population). For 5-24 year olds, this national estimate was about 42% higher than estimates based on SR injuries seen only in emergency departments over a similar time frame. The highest average annual SR injury episode rates were for children ages 5-14 years (59.3 per 1000 persons) and persons aged 15-24 years (56.4 per 1000 persons). The SR injury episode rate for males was more than twice the rate for females. The age adjusted injury rate for whites was 1.5 times higher than for blacks (28.8 v 19.0 per 1000 population). Basketball was the most frequently mentioned SR activity when the injury episode occurred, with a rate of about four injury events per 1000 population. Strains and sprains accounted for 31% of injury episodes. An estimated 1.1 million SR episode related injuries involve the head or neck region, of which 17% were internal head injuries. The most common mechanisms of injury were struck by/against (34%), fall (28%), and overexertion (13%). As physical activity continues to be promoted as part of a healthy lifestyle, SR injuries are becoming an important public health concern for both children and adults. Prevention efforts aimed at reducing SR injuries through targeting high risk activities, places of occurrence, activity, risk behaviors, and use of protective devices need to go beyond focusing on children and also consider physically active adults. JF - Injury Prevention AU - Conn, J M AU - Annest, J L AU - Gilchrist, J AD - Office of Statistics and Programming, National Center for Injury Prevention and Control, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, 4770 Buford Hwy (MS-K59), Atlanta, GA 30341-3724, USA, jconn@cdc.gov Y1 - 2003/06// PY - 2003 DA - Jun 2003 SP - 117 EP - 123 VL - 9 IS - 2 SN - 1353-8047, 1353-8047 KW - Physical Education Index; Health & Safety Science Abstracts; Risk Abstracts KW - Injuries KW - Lifestyle KW - Public health KW - sports related injuries KW - Ethnic groups KW - Children KW - Protective equipment KW - USA KW - Recreation KW - Recreation areas KW - Gender KW - Epidemiology (injuries) KW - H 11000:Diseases/Injuries/Trauma KW - R2 23060:Medical and environmental health KW - PE 030:Exercise, Health & Physical Fitness UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/17936618?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Ariskabstracts&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Injury+Prevention&rft.atitle=Sports+and+recreation+related+injury+episodes+in+the+US+population%2C+1997-99&rft.au=Conn%2C+J+M%3BAnnest%2C+J+L%3BGilchrist%2C+J&rft.aulast=Conn&rft.aufirst=J&rft.date=2003-06-01&rft.volume=9&rft.issue=2&rft.spage=117&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Injury+Prevention&rft.issn=13538047&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - Physical Education Index; ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Recreation; Children; Injuries; Epidemiology (injuries); Public health; Lifestyle; USA; Recreation areas; Gender; Ethnic groups; sports related injuries; Protective equipment ER - TY - JOUR T1 - State Medicaid coverage for tobacco-dependence treatments--United States, 1994-2001. AN - 73420649; 12809111 AB - Tobacco use is the leading preventable cause of death in the United States. One of the national health objectives for 2010 is to increase insurance coverage of evidence-based treatment for nicotine dependence (i.e., total coverage of behavioral therapies and Food and Drug Administration [FDA]--approved pharmacotherapies) in Medicaid programs from 36 states to all states and the District of Columbia (DC) (objective 27.8). To increase both the use of treatment by smokers attempting to quit and the number of smokers who quit successfully, the Guide to Community Preventive Services recommends reducing the "out-of-pocket" cost of effective tobacco-dependence treatments (i.e., individual, group, and telephone counseling, and FDA--approved pharmacotherapies) for smokers. The 2000 Public Health Service (PHS) Clinical Practice Guideline supports expanded insurance coverage for tobacco-dependence treatments. In 2000, approximately 32 million low-income persons in the United States received their health insurance coverage through the federal-state Medicaid program; 11.5 million (36%) of these persons smoked (CDC, unpublished data, 2000). The amount and type of coverage for tobacco-dependence treatment offered by Medicaid has been reported for 1998 and 2000 from state surveys conducted by the Center for Health and Public Policy Studies (CHPPS) at the University of California, Berkeley. All states and DC were re-surveyed in 2001 about amount and type of coverage, and level of coverage since 1994. This report summarizes the results of the survey, which indicate that the number of Medicaid programs providing some coverage for tobacco-dependence counseling or medication increased from 34 in 2000 to 36 in 2001, but only one state offered coverage for all the counseling and pharmacotherapy treatments recommended by the 2000 PHS guideline. If the 2010 national health objective is to be achieved, Medicaid coverage for treatment of tobacco dependence should be increased dramatically. JF - MMWR. Morbidity and mortality weekly report AU - Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) AD - Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) Y1 - 2003/05/30/ PY - 2003 DA - 2003 May 30 SP - 496 EP - 500 VL - 52 IS - 21 SN - 0149-2195, 0149-2195 KW - Index Medicus KW - United States KW - Humans KW - Healthy People Programs KW - Tobacco Use Disorder -- therapy KW - Tobacco Use Disorder -- economics KW - Medicaid KW - Insurance, Health, Reimbursement UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/73420649?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=MMWR.+Morbidity+and+mortality+weekly+report&rft.atitle=State+Medicaid+coverage+for+tobacco-dependence+treatments--United+States%2C+1994-2001.&rft.au=Centers+for+Disease+Control+and+Prevention+%28CDC%29&rft.aulast=Centers+for+Disease+Control+and+Prevention+%28CDC%29&rft.aufirst=&rft.date=2003-05-30&rft.volume=52&rft.issue=21&rft.spage=496&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=MMWR.+Morbidity+and+mortality+weekly+report&rft.issn=01492195&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 2003-06-17 N1 - Date created - 2003-06-12 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Update: adverse events following civilian smallpox vaccination--United States, 2003. AN - 73372876; 12807082 AB - During January 24-May 9, 2003, smallpox vaccine was administered to 36,217 civilian health-care and public health workers in 55 jurisdictions to prepare the United States for a possible terrorist attack using smallpox virus. This report updates information on vaccine-associated adverse events among civilians vaccinated since the beginning of the program and among contacts of vaccinees, received by CDC from the Vaccine Adverse Event Reporting System (VAERS) as of May 9. JF - MMWR. Morbidity and mortality weekly report AU - Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) AD - Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) Y1 - 2003/05/23/ PY - 2003 DA - 2003 May 23 SP - 475 EP - 477 VL - 52 IS - 20 SN - 0149-2195, 0149-2195 KW - Smallpox Vaccine KW - 0 KW - Index Medicus KW - United States KW - Diagnosis, Differential KW - Public Health Practice KW - Humans KW - Immunization Programs KW - Adult KW - Diagnostic Errors KW - Male KW - Neurotoxicity Syndromes -- diagnosis KW - Encephalitis -- etiology KW - Vaccination -- adverse effects KW - Smallpox Vaccine -- adverse effects KW - Encephalitis -- diagnosis UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/73372876?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=MMWR.+Morbidity+and+mortality+weekly+report&rft.atitle=Update%3A+adverse+events+following+civilian+smallpox+vaccination--United+States%2C+2003.&rft.au=Centers+for+Disease+Control+and+Prevention+%28CDC%29&rft.aulast=Centers+for+Disease+Control+and+Prevention+%28CDC%29&rft.aufirst=&rft.date=2003-05-23&rft.volume=52&rft.issue=20&rft.spage=475&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=MMWR.+Morbidity+and+mortality+weekly+report&rft.issn=01492195&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 2003-06-16 N1 - Date created - 2003-06-12 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - CPAPER T1 - Smallpox preparedness plans AN - 39743235; 3750476 AU - Rotz, L D Y1 - 2003/05/19/ PY - 2003 DA - 2003 May 19 KW - CPI, Conference Papers Index KW - U 2000:Biology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/39743235?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Acpi&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=conference&rft.jtitle=&rft.atitle=Smallpox+preparedness+plans&rft.au=Rotz%2C+L+D&rft.aulast=Rotz&rft.aufirst=L&rft.date=2003-05-19&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - SuppNotes - Availability: American Society for Microbiology, 1752 N Street, NW, Washington DC, 20036, USA; phone: 202.737.3600; email: ICAAC@asmusa.org; URL: www.icaac.org N1 - Last updated - 2010-05-03 ER - TY - CPAPER T1 - ESBL testing, interpretation, and reporting AN - 39686677; 3745652 AU - Tenover, F C Y1 - 2003/05/19/ PY - 2003 DA - 2003 May 19 KW - CPI, Conference Papers Index KW - U 2000:Biology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/39686677?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Acpi&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=conference&rft.jtitle=&rft.atitle=ESBL+testing%2C+interpretation%2C+and+reporting&rft.au=Tenover%2C+F+C&rft.aulast=Tenover&rft.aufirst=F&rft.date=2003-05-19&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - SuppNotes - Availability: American Society for Microbiology, 1752 N Street, NW, Washington DC, 20036, USA; phone: 202.737.3600; email: ICAAC@asmusa.org; URL: www.icaac.org N1 - Last updated - 2010-05-03 ER - TY - CPAPER T1 - Smallpox false alarms: Lessons learned AN - 39634181; 3750475 AU - Damon, I Y1 - 2003/05/19/ PY - 2003 DA - 2003 May 19 KW - CPI, Conference Papers Index KW - U 2000:Biology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/39634181?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Acpi&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=conference&rft.jtitle=&rft.atitle=Smallpox+false+alarms%3A+Lessons+learned&rft.au=Damon%2C+I&rft.aulast=Damon&rft.aufirst=I&rft.date=2003-05-19&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - SuppNotes - Availability: American Society for Microbiology, 1752 N Street, NW, Washington DC, 20036, USA; phone: 202.737.3600; email: ICAAC@asmusa.org; URL: www.icaac.org N1 - Last updated - 2010-05-03 ER - TY - CPAPER T1 - Impact of global immunization programs AN - 39633997; 3746890 AU - Orenstein, WA Y1 - 2003/05/19/ PY - 2003 DA - 2003 May 19 KW - CPI, Conference Papers Index KW - U 2000:Biology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/39633997?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Acpi&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=conference&rft.jtitle=&rft.atitle=Impact+of+global+immunization+programs&rft.au=Orenstein%2C+WA&rft.aulast=Orenstein&rft.aufirst=WA&rft.date=2003-05-19&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - SuppNotes - Availability: American Society for Microbiology, 1752 N Street, NW, Washington DC, 20036, USA; phone: 202.737.3600; email: ICAAC@asmusa.org; URL: www.icaac.org N1 - Last updated - 2010-05-03 ER - TY - CPAPER T1 - Recent outbreaks in dialysis settings AN - 39633339; 3749771 AU - Tokars, JI Y1 - 2003/05/19/ PY - 2003 DA - 2003 May 19 KW - CPI, Conference Papers Index KW - U 2000:Biology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/39633339?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Acpi&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=conference&rft.jtitle=&rft.atitle=Recent+outbreaks+in+dialysis+settings&rft.au=Tokars%2C+JI&rft.aulast=Tokars&rft.aufirst=Gordon&rft.date=2003-04-11&rft.volume=17&rft.issue=6&rft.spage=905&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=AIDS+%28London%2C+England%29&rft.issn=02699370&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - SuppNotes - Availability: American Society for Microbiology, 1752 N Street, NW, Washington DC, 20036, USA; phone: 202.737.3600; email: ICAAC@asmusa.org; URL: www.icaac.org N1 - Last updated - 2010-05-03 ER - TY - CPAPER T1 - Virulence of influenza: Lessons from past outbreaks AN - 39632461; 3751602 AU - Subbarao, K Y1 - 2003/05/19/ PY - 2003 DA - 2003 May 19 KW - CPI, Conference Papers Index KW - U 2000:Biology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/39632461?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Acpi&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=conference&rft.jtitle=&rft.atitle=Virulence+of+influenza%3A+Lessons+from+past+outbreaks&rft.au=Subbarao%2C+K&rft.aulast=Subbarao&rft.aufirst=K&rft.date=2003-05-19&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - SuppNotes - Availability: American Society for Microbiology, 1752 N Street, NW, Washington DC, 20036, USA; phone: 202.737.3600; email: ICAAC@asmusa.org; URL: www.icaac.org N1 - Last updated - 2010-05-03 ER - TY - CPAPER T1 - Bioterrorism: Lessons learned AN - 39632060; 3743809 AU - Gerberding, J L Y1 - 2003/05/19/ PY - 2003 DA - 2003 May 19 KW - CPI, Conference Papers Index KW - U 2000:Biology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/39632060?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Acpi&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=conference&rft.jtitle=&rft.atitle=Bioterrorism%3A+Lessons+learned&rft.au=Gerberding%2C+J+L&rft.aulast=Gerberding&rft.aufirst=J&rft.date=2003-05-19&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - SuppNotes - Availability: American Society for Microbiology, 1752 N Street, NW, Washington DC, 20036, USA; phone: 202.737.3600; email: ICAAC@asmusa.org; URL: www.icaac.org N1 - Last updated - 2010-05-03 ER - TY - CPAPER T1 - Non-infectious "outbreaks" in dialysis, technical and hardware issues AN - 39619748; 3748579 AU - Arduino, M Y1 - 2003/05/19/ PY - 2003 DA - 2003 May 19 KW - CPI, Conference Papers Index KW - U 2000:Biology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/39619748?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Acpi&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=conference&rft.jtitle=&rft.atitle=Non-infectious+%22outbreaks%22+in+dialysis%2C+technical+and+hardware+issues&rft.au=Arduino%2C+M&rft.aulast=Arduino&rft.aufirst=M&rft.date=2003-05-19&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - SuppNotes - Availability: American Society for Microbiology, 1752 N Street, NW, Washington DC, 20036, USA; phone: 202.737.3600; email: ICAAC@asmusa.org; URL: www.icaac.org N1 - Last updated - 2010-05-03 ER - TY - CPAPER T1 - Laboratory as a partner in assuring patient safety AN - 39617147; 3755109 AU - Stankovic, A Y1 - 2003/05/19/ PY - 2003 DA - 2003 May 19 KW - CPI, Conference Papers Index KW - U 7000:Multidisciplinary UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/39617147?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Acpi&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=conference&rft.jtitle=&rft.atitle=Laboratory+as+a+partner+in+assuring+patient+safety&rft.au=Stankovic%2C+A&rft.aulast=Stankovic&rft.aufirst=A&rft.date=2003-05-19&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - SuppNotes - Availability: LabAutomation 2003, 2019 Galisteo Street, Bldg. I, Santa Fe, NM 87505, USA; phone: (505) 988-5326; fax: (505) 989-1073; email: ala_office@labautomation.org N1 - Last updated - 2010-05-03 ER - TY - CPAPER T1 - Bioterrorism and biosafety in the clinical laboratory AN - 39604676; 3743805 AU - Miller, J M Y1 - 2003/05/19/ PY - 2003 DA - 2003 May 19 KW - CPI, Conference Papers Index KW - U 2000:Biology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/39604676?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Acpi&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=conference&rft.jtitle=&rft.atitle=Bioterrorism+and+biosafety+in+the+clinical+laboratory&rft.au=Miller%2C+J+M&rft.aulast=Miller&rft.aufirst=J&rft.date=2003-05-19&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - SuppNotes - Availability: American Society for Microbiology, 1752 N Street, NW, Washington DC, 20036, USA; phone: 202.737.3600; email: ICAAC@asmusa.org; URL: www.icaac.org N1 - Last updated - 2010-05-03 ER - TY - CPAPER T1 - Pandemic influenza: Are we prepared? AN - 39569277; 3748936 AU - Myers, M Y1 - 2003/05/19/ PY - 2003 DA - 2003 May 19 KW - CPI, Conference Papers Index KW - U 2000:Biology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/39569277?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Acpi&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=conference&rft.jtitle=&rft.atitle=Pandemic+influenza%3A+Are+we+prepared%3F&rft.au=Myers%2C+M&rft.aulast=Myers&rft.aufirst=M&rft.date=2003-05-19&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - SuppNotes - Availability: American Society for Microbiology, 1752 N Street, NW, Washington DC, 20036, USA; phone: 202.737.3600; email: ICAAC@asmusa.org; URL: www.icaac.org N1 - Last updated - 2010-05-03 ER - TY - CPAPER T1 - Case studies of outbreaks investigated by CDC AN - 39568986; 3743982 AU - Jarvis, W R Y1 - 2003/05/19/ PY - 2003 DA - 2003 May 19 KW - CPI, Conference Papers Index KW - U 2000:Biology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/39568986?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Acpi&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=conference&rft.jtitle=&rft.atitle=Case+studies+of+outbreaks+investigated+by+CDC&rft.au=Jarvis%2C+W+R&rft.aulast=Jarvis&rft.aufirst=W&rft.date=2003-05-19&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - SuppNotes - Availability: American Society for Microbiology, 1752 N Street, NW, Washington DC, 20036, USA; phone: 202.737.3600; email: ICAAC@asmusa.org; URL: www.icaac.org N1 - Last updated - 2010-05-03 ER - TY - CPAPER T1 - Endemic mycoses - An emerging public health concern among travelers and others AN - 39566766; 3745540 AU - Hajjeh, R A Y1 - 2003/05/19/ PY - 2003 DA - 2003 May 19 KW - CPI, Conference Papers Index KW - U 2000:Biology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/39566766?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Acpi&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=conference&rft.jtitle=&rft.atitle=Endemic+mycoses+-+An+emerging+public+health+concern+among+travelers+and+others&rft.au=Hajjeh%2C+R+A&rft.aulast=Hajjeh&rft.aufirst=R&rft.date=2003-05-19&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - SuppNotes - Availability: American Society for Microbiology, 1752 N Street, NW, Washington DC, 20036, USA; phone: 202.737.3600; email: ICAAC@asmusa.org; URL: www.icaac.org N1 - Last updated - 2010-05-03 ER - TY - CPAPER T1 - Rapid diagnosis of influenza AN - 39562595; 3749716 AU - Uyeki, T M Y1 - 2003/05/19/ PY - 2003 DA - 2003 May 19 KW - CPI, Conference Papers Index KW - U 2000:Biology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/39562595?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Acpi&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=conference&rft.jtitle=&rft.atitle=Rapid+diagnosis+of+influenza&rft.au=Uyeki%2C+T+M&rft.aulast=Uyeki&rft.aufirst=T&rft.date=2003-05-19&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - SuppNotes - Availability: American Society for Microbiology, 1752 N Street, NW, Washington DC, 20036, USA; phone: 202.737.3600; email: ICAAC@asmusa.org; URL: www.icaac.org N1 - Last updated - 2010-05-03 ER - TY - CPAPER T1 - Pneumonia prevention guidelines AN - 39544271; 3749186 AU - Pearson, M L Y1 - 2003/05/19/ PY - 2003 DA - 2003 May 19 KW - CPI, Conference Papers Index KW - U 2000:Biology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/39544271?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Acpi&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=MMWR.+Morbidity+and+mortality+weekly+report&rft.atitle=Update+on+adverse+events+following+civilian+smallpox+vaccination--United+States%2C+2003.&rft.au=Centers+for+Disease+Control+and+Prevention+%28CDC%29&rft.aulast=Centers+for+Disease+Control+and+Prevention+%28CDC%29&rft.aufirst=&rft.date=2003-04-11&rft.volume=52&rft.issue=14&rft.spage=313&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=MMWR.+Morbidity+and+mortality+weekly+report&rft.issn=01492195&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - SuppNotes - Availability: American Society for Microbiology, 1752 N Street, NW, Washington DC, 20036, USA; phone: 202.737.3600; email: ICAAC@asmusa.org; URL: www.icaac.org N1 - Last updated - 2010-05-03 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Motivational intervention to reduce alcohol-exposed pregnancies--Florida, Texas, and Virginia, 1997-2001. AN - 73366467; 12807086 AB - Prenatal alcohol use is a threat to healthy pregnancy outcomes for many U.S. women. During 1999, approximately 500,000 pregnant women reported having one or more drinks during the preceding month, and approximately 130,000 reported having seven or more alcohol drinks per week or engaging in binge drinking (i.e., five or more drinks in a day). These heavier drinking patterns have been associated with fetal alcohol syndrome (FAS) and alcohol-related neurodevelopmental disorders (ARND). Lower levels of alcohol consumption (i.e., fewer than seven drinks per week) also have been associated with measurable effects on children's development and behavior. Although the majority of women reduce their alcohol use substantially when they realize they are pregnant, a large proportion do not realize they are pregnant until well into the first trimester and, therefore, might continue to drink alcohol during this critical period of fetal development. To reduce alcohol-exposed pregnancies, CDC initiated a multisite pilot study (phase I clinical trial) in 1997 to investigate the use of a dual intervention focused on both alcohol-use reduction and effective contraception among childbearing-aged women at high risk for an alcohol-exposed pregnancy (Project CHOICES). This report describes the association between baseline drinking measures and the success women have achieved in reducing their risk for an alcohol-exposed pregnancy. The analysis compares the impact of the motivational intervention at 6-month follow-up on women drinking at high-, medium-, and low-risk drinking levels. The findings indicate that although 69% of the women in the study reduced their risk for an alcohol-exposed pregnancy, women with the lowest baseline drinking measures achieved the highest rates of outcome success, primarily by choosing effective contraception and, secondarily, by reducing alcohol use. Women with higher baseline drinking measures chose both approaches equally but achieved lower success rates for reducing their risk for an alcohol-exposed pregnancy. A randomized controlled trial of the motivational intervention is under way to further investigate outcomes of the phase I study. JF - MMWR. Morbidity and mortality weekly report AU - Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) AD - Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) Y1 - 2003/05/16/ PY - 2003 DA - 2003 May 16 SP - 441 EP - 444 VL - 52 IS - 19 SN - 0149-2195, 0149-2195 KW - Ethanol KW - 3K9958V90M KW - Index Medicus KW - Contraception Behavior KW - Virginia KW - Ethanol -- poisoning KW - Humans KW - Adult KW - Texas KW - Pilot Projects KW - Florida KW - Female KW - Pregnancy KW - Risk Reduction Behavior KW - Pregnancy Complications -- prevention & control KW - Alcohol-Related Disorders -- prevention & control KW - Alcohol Drinking UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/73366467?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=MMWR.+Morbidity+and+mortality+weekly+report&rft.atitle=Motivational+intervention+to+reduce+alcohol-exposed+pregnancies--Florida%2C+Texas%2C+and+Virginia%2C+1997-2001.&rft.au=Centers+for+Disease+Control+and+Prevention+%28CDC%29&rft.aulast=Centers+for+Disease+Control+and+Prevention+%28CDC%29&rft.aufirst=&rft.date=2003-05-16&rft.volume=52&rft.issue=19&rft.spage=441&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=MMWR.+Morbidity+and+mortality+weekly+report&rft.issn=01492195&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 2003-06-16 N1 - Date created - 2003-06-12 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Congenital toxoplasmosis. AN - 73322007; 12776962 AB - Approximately 85 percent of women of childbearing age in the United States are susceptible to acute infection with the protozoan parasite Toxoplasma gondii. Transmission of T. gondii to the fetus can result in serious health problems, including mental retardation, seizures, blindness, and death. Some health problems may not become apparent until the second or third decade of life. An estimated 400 to 4,000 cases of congenital toxoplasmosis occur in the United States each year. Serologic tests are used to diagnose acute T. gondii infection in pregnant women. Because false-positive tests occur frequently, serologic diagnosis must be confirmed at a Toxoplasma reference laboratory before treatment with potentially toxic drugs is considered. In many instances, congenital toxoplasmosis can be prevented by educating pregnant women and other women of childbearing age about not ingesting raw or undercooked meat, using measures to avoid cross-contamination of other foods with raw or undercooked meat, and protecting themselves against exposure to cat litter or contaminated soil. JF - American family physician AU - Jones, Jeffrey AU - Lopez, Adriana AU - Wilson, Marianna AD - Epidemiology Branch, Division of Parasitic Diseases, National Center for Infectious Diseases, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia 30341-3724, USA. jlj1@cdc.gov Y1 - 2003/05/15/ PY - 2003 DA - 2003 May 15 SP - 2131 EP - 2138 VL - 67 IS - 10 SN - 0002-838X, 0002-838X KW - Antibodies, Protozoan KW - 0 KW - Abridged Index Medicus KW - Index Medicus KW - Infectious Disease Transmission, Vertical -- prevention & control KW - Animals KW - Prenatal Care -- methods KW - Humans KW - Infant, Newborn KW - Pregnancy KW - Pregnancy Complications, Parasitic -- drug therapy KW - Serologic Tests KW - Antibodies, Protozoan -- blood KW - Cats KW - Toxoplasma -- isolation & purification KW - Prenatal Diagnosis -- methods KW - Pregnancy Complications, Parasitic -- parasitology KW - Female KW - Neonatal Screening -- methods KW - Pregnancy Complications, Parasitic -- diagnosis KW - Toxoplasmosis, Congenital -- diagnosis KW - Toxoplasmosis, Congenital -- transmission KW - Toxoplasmosis, Congenital -- drug therapy UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/73322007?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=American+family+physician&rft.atitle=Congenital+toxoplasmosis.&rft.au=Jones%2C+Jeffrey%3BLopez%2C+Adriana%3BWilson%2C+Marianna&rft.aulast=Jones&rft.aufirst=Jeffrey&rft.date=2003-05-15&rft.volume=67&rft.issue=10&rft.spage=2131&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=American+family+physician&rft.issn=0002838X&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 2003-06-17 N1 - Date created - 2003-06-02 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Relationship of Changes in Physical Activity and Mortality Among Older Women AN - 17966636; 5906822 AB - Physical activity has been related to reduced mortality, but it is not clear whether changes in physical activity affect mortality among older women. To examine the relationship of changes in physical activity and mortality among older women. Prospective cohort study conducted at 4 US research centers (Baltimore, Md; Portland, Ore; Minneapolis, Minn; and Monongahela Valley, Pa) among 9518 community-dwelling white women aged 65 years or older who were assessed at baseline (1986-1988), 7553 of whom were reassessed at a follow-up visit (1992-1994; median, 5.7 years later). Walking and other physical activities at baseline and follow-up; vital status, with cause of death confirmed by death certificates/discharge summaries, tracked for up to 12.5 years after baseline (up to 6.7 years after the follow-up visit). Compared with continually sedentary women, those who increased physical activity levels between baseline and follow-up had lower mortality from all causes (hazard rate ratio [HRR], 0.52; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.40-0.69), cardiovascular disease (HRR, 0.64; 95% CI, 0.42-0.97), and cancer (HRR, 0.49; 95% CI, 0.29-0.84), independent of age, smoking, body mass index, comorbid conditions, and baseline physical activity level. Associations between changes in physical activity and reduced mortality were similar in women with and without chronic diseases but tended to be weaker among women aged at least 75 years and among those with poor health status. Women who were physically active at both visits also had lower all-cause mortality (HRR, 0.68; 95% CI, 0.56-0.82) and cardiovascular mortality (HRR, 0.62; 95% CI, 0.44-0.88) than sedentary women. Increasing and maintaining physical activity levels could lengthen life for older women but appears to provide less benefit for women aged at least 75 years and those with poor health status. JF - Journal of the American Medical Association AU - Gregg, E W AU - Cauley, JA AU - Stone, K AU - Thompson, T J AU - Bauer, D C AU - Cummings AU - Ensrud, KE AD - Division of Diabetes Translation, National Center for Chronic Disease Prevention and Health Promotion, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA, USA Y1 - 2003/05/14/ PY - 2003 DA - 2003 May 14 SP - 2379 EP - 2386 VL - 289 IS - 18 SN - 0098-7484, 0098-7484 KW - Physical Education Index KW - Sedentary persons KW - Death KW - Health (status) KW - Women KW - Gerontology KW - Exercise (effects) KW - PE 030:Exercise, Health & Physical Fitness UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/17966636?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aphysicaleducation&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+the+American+Medical+Association&rft.atitle=Relationship+of+Changes+in+Physical+Activity+and+Mortality+Among+Older+Women&rft.au=Gregg%2C+E+W%3BCauley%2C+JA%3BStone%2C+K%3BThompson%2C+T+J%3BBauer%2C+D+C%3BCummings%3BEnsrud%2C+KE&rft.aulast=Gregg&rft.aufirst=E&rft.date=2003-05-14&rft.volume=289&rft.issue=18&rft.spage=2379&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+the+American+Medical+Association&rft.issn=00987484&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - Physical Education Index N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Gerontology; Women; Health (status); Death; Exercise (effects); Sedentary persons ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Nicotine poisoning after ingestion of contaminated ground beef--Michigan, 2003. AN - 73363795; 12807090 AB - On January 3, 2003, the Michigan Department of Agriculture's (MDA) Food and Dairy Division and the U.S. Department of Agriculture (USDA) were notified by a supermarket of a planned recall of approximately 1,700 pounds of ground beef because of customer complaints of illness after eating the product. On January 10, the supermarket notified MDA that their laboratory had determined that the contaminant in the ground beef returned by customers with reported illness was nicotine. This report summarizes the investigation of these cases, which identified approximately 100 affected persons, and discusses actions taken to prevent additional illness, including the arrest of a person charged with deliberately poisoning the ground beef at the supermarket. JF - MMWR. Morbidity and mortality weekly report AU - Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) AD - Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) Y1 - 2003/05/09/ PY - 2003 DA - 2003 May 09 SP - 413 EP - 416 VL - 52 IS - 18 SN - 0149-2195, 0149-2195 KW - Insecticides KW - 0 KW - Nicotine KW - 6M3C89ZY6R KW - Index Medicus KW - Animals KW - Crime KW - Humans KW - Aged KW - Child KW - Disease Outbreaks KW - Child, Preschool KW - Infant KW - Cattle KW - Adult KW - Middle Aged KW - Adolescent KW - Michigan -- epidemiology KW - Male KW - Female KW - Insecticides -- poisoning KW - Meat -- poisoning KW - Foodborne Diseases -- epidemiology KW - Nicotine -- analysis KW - Food Contamination -- analysis KW - Meat -- analysis KW - Nicotine -- poisoning KW - Insecticides -- analysis UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/73363795?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=MMWR.+Morbidity+and+mortality+weekly+report&rft.atitle=Nicotine+poisoning+after+ingestion+of+contaminated+ground+beef--Michigan%2C+2003.&rft.au=Centers+for+Disease+Control+and+Prevention+%28CDC%29&rft.aulast=Centers+for+Disease+Control+and+Prevention+%28CDC%29&rft.aufirst=&rft.date=2003-05-09&rft.volume=52&rft.issue=18&rft.spage=413&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=MMWR.+Morbidity+and+mortality+weekly+report&rft.issn=01492195&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 2003-06-16 N1 - Date created - 2003-06-12 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Women with smallpox vaccine exposure during pregnancy reported to the National Smallpox Vaccine in Pregnancy Registry--United States, 2003. AN - 73312896; 12765202 AB - In the absence of circulating smallpox, pregnant women should not be exposed to live vaccinia virus contained in the smallpox vaccine. The smallpox vaccine should not be administered to women who are pregnant or might become pregnant within 4 weeks after vaccination because of the risk for fetal vaccinia, a rare but serious infection of the fetus. In addition, persons who have close contact (e.g., household contact or sexual contact) with pregnant women are advised to forego vaccination. To prevent inadvertent exposure of pregnant women to vaccinia virus, screening for pregnancy is a component of pre-event smallpox vaccination programs. To monitor outcomes of pregnancy in women exposed to smallpox vaccines, CDC, in collaboration with the Department of Defense (DoD) and the Food and Drug Administration (FDA), has established the National Smallpox Vaccine in Pregnancy Registry. This report summarizes data from the registry about these exposures. CDC and the Advisory Committee on Immunization Practices (ACIP) recommendations to screen for pregnancy as a contraindication to smallpox vaccination appear to be effective at preventing inadvertent exposures. JF - MMWR. Morbidity and mortality weekly report AU - Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) AD - Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) Y1 - 2003/05/02/ PY - 2003 DA - 2003 May 02 SP - 386 EP - 388 VL - 52 IS - 17 SN - 0149-2195, 0149-2195 KW - Smallpox Vaccine KW - 0 KW - Index Medicus KW - United States KW - Vaccinia -- transmission KW - Humans KW - Immunization Programs -- standards KW - Adult KW - Health Personnel KW - Female KW - Pregnancy KW - Registries KW - Maternal Exposure -- adverse effects KW - Smallpox Vaccine -- contraindications KW - Smallpox Vaccine -- adverse effects KW - Smallpox Vaccine -- administration & dosage KW - Pregnancy Outcome UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/73312896?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=MMWR.+Morbidity+and+mortality+weekly+report&rft.atitle=Update%3A+Adverse+events+following+civilian+smallpox+vaccination--United+States%2C+2003.&rft.au=Centers+for+Disease+Control+and+Prevention+%28CDC%29&rft.aulast=Centers+for+Disease+Control+and+Prevention+%28CDC%29&rft.aufirst=&rft.date=2003-04-18&rft.volume=52&rft.issue=15&rft.spage=343&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=MMWR.+Morbidity+and+mortality+weekly+report&rft.issn=01492195&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 2003-05-29 N1 - Date created - 2003-05-26 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Hydrogen peroxide formation and actin filament reorganization by Cdc42 are essential for ethanol-induced in vitro angiogenesis. AN - 73251718; 12598535 AB - This report focuses on the identification of the molecular mechanisms of ethanol-induced in vitro angiogenesis. The manipulation of angiogenesis is an important therapeutic approach for the treatment of cancer, cardiovascular diseases, and chronic inflammation. Our results showed that ethanol stimulation altered the integrity of actin filaments and increased the formation of lamellipodia and filopodia in SVEC4-10 cells. Further experiments demonstrated that ethanol stimulation increased cell migration and invasion and induced in vitro angiogenesis in SVEC4-10 cells. Mechanistically, ethanol stimulation activated Cdc42 and produced H(2)O(2) a reactive oxygen species intermediate in SVEC4-10 cells. Measuring the time course of Cdc42 activation and H(2)O(2) production upon ethanol stimulation revealed that the Cdc42 activation and the increase of H(2)O(2) lasted more than 3 h, which indicates the mechanisms of the long duration effects of ethanol on the cells. Furthermore, either overexpression of a constitutive dominant negative Cdc42 or inhibition of H(2)O(2) production abrogated the effects of ethanol on SVEC4-10 cells, indicating that both the activation of Cdc42 and the production of H(2)O(2) are essential for the actions of ethanol. Interestingly, we also found that overexpression of a constitutive dominant positive Cdc42 itself was sufficient to produce H(2)O(2) and to induce in vitro angiogenesis. Taken together, our results suggest that ethanol stimulation can induce H(2)O(2) production through the activation of Cdc42, which results in reorganizing actin filaments and increasing cell motility and in vitro angiogenesis. JF - The Journal of biological chemistry AU - Qian, Yong AU - Luo, Jia AU - Leonard, Stephen S AU - Harris, Gabriel K AU - Millecchia, Lyndell AU - Flynn, Daniel C AU - Shi, Xianglin AD - Pathology and Physiology Research Branch, Health Effects Laboratory Division, National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, Morgantown, WV 26505, USA. yaq2@cdc.gov Y1 - 2003/05/02/ PY - 2003 DA - 2003 May 02 SP - 16189 EP - 16197 VL - 278 IS - 18 SN - 0021-9258, 0021-9258 KW - Actins KW - 0 KW - Ethanol KW - 3K9958V90M KW - Hydrogen Peroxide KW - BBX060AN9V KW - cdc42 GTP-Binding Protein KW - EC 3.6.5.2 KW - Index Medicus KW - Animals KW - Cell Movement -- drug effects KW - Mice KW - Cell Line KW - Hydrogen Peroxide -- metabolism KW - Actins -- drug effects KW - Ethanol -- toxicity KW - Neovascularization, Physiologic -- drug effects KW - cdc42 GTP-Binding Protein -- physiology KW - Actins -- chemistry UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/73251718?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Journal+of+biological+chemistry&rft.atitle=Hydrogen+peroxide+formation+and+actin+filament+reorganization+by+Cdc42+are+essential+for+ethanol-induced+in+vitro+angiogenesis.&rft.au=Qian%2C+Yong%3BLuo%2C+Jia%3BLeonard%2C+Stephen+S%3BHarris%2C+Gabriel+K%3BMillecchia%2C+Lyndell%3BFlynn%2C+Daniel+C%3BShi%2C+Xianglin&rft.aulast=Qian&rft.aufirst=Yong&rft.date=2003-05-02&rft.volume=278&rft.issue=18&rft.spage=16189&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=The+Journal+of+biological+chemistry&rft.issn=00219258&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 2003-06-17 N1 - Date created - 2003-04-28 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Effect of chlorogenic acid on hydroxyl radical. AN - 73502809; 12841649 AB - Chlorogenic acid (CGA) is considered to act as an antioxidant. However, the inhibitory effects of CGA on specific radical species are not well understood. Electron spin resonance (ESR) in combination with spin trapping techniques was utilized to detect free radicals. 5,5-Dimethyl-1-pyrroline-N-oxide (DMPO) was used as a spin trapping reagent while the Fenton reaction was used as a source of hydroxyl radical (*OH). We found that CGA scavenges *OH in a dose-dependent manner. The kinetic parameters, IC50 and Vmax, for CGA scavenging of *OH were 110 and 1.27 microM/sec, respectively. The rate constant for the scavenging of *OH by CGA was 7.73 x 10(9) M(-1) sec(-1). Our studies suggest that the antioxidant properties of CGA may involve a direct scavenging effect of CGA on *OH. JF - Molecular and cellular biochemistry AU - Zang, Lun-Yi AU - Cosma, Greg AU - Gardner, Henry AU - Castranova, Vince AU - Vallyathan, Val AD - Exposure Assessment Branch and Pathology and Physiology Research Branch, Health Effects Laboratory Division, National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, Morgantown, WV 26505-2888, USA. laz7@cdc.gov Y1 - 2003/05// PY - 2003 DA - May 2003 SP - 205 EP - 210 VL - 247 IS - 1-2 SN - 0300-8177, 0300-8177 KW - Cyclic N-Oxides KW - 0 KW - Free Radical Scavengers KW - Chlorogenic Acid KW - 318ADP12RI KW - Hydroxyl Radical KW - 3352-57-6 KW - 5,5-dimethyl-1-pyrroline-1-oxide KW - 7170JZ1QF3 KW - Index Medicus KW - Spin Trapping KW - Dose-Response Relationship, Drug KW - Electron Spin Resonance Spectroscopy KW - Cyclic N-Oxides -- pharmacology KW - Inhibitory Concentration 50 KW - Free Radical Scavengers -- chemistry KW - Cyclic N-Oxides -- chemistry KW - Free Radical Scavengers -- pharmacology KW - Chlorogenic Acid -- pharmacology KW - Hydroxyl Radical -- chemistry KW - Chlorogenic Acid -- chemistry UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/73502809?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Molecular+and+cellular+biochemistry&rft.atitle=Effect+of+chlorogenic+acid+on+hydroxyl+radical.&rft.au=Zang%2C+Lun-Yi%3BCosma%2C+Greg%3BGardner%2C+Henry%3BCastranova%2C+Vince%3BVallyathan%2C+Val&rft.aulast=Zang&rft.aufirst=Lun-Yi&rft.date=2003-05-01&rft.volume=247&rft.issue=1-2&rft.spage=205&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Molecular+and+cellular+biochemistry&rft.issn=03008177&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 2004-04-15 N1 - Date created - 2003-07-04 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Autoimmune thyroid disease associated with environmental thyroidal irradiation. AN - 73407365; 12855012 AB - Reports of increased rates of thyroid disease in populations exposed to radiation as a result of the Chernobyl accident have increased awareness and concern about the risk of autoimmune-related thyroid disease possibly associated with environmental radiation exposure. While the association between thyroidal irradiation and an increased risk of thyroid neoplasia is well established, much less attention has been devoted to the potential effects of environmental irradiation on the function of the thyroid. However, since the Chernobyl accident new studies have been published that appear to link radiation exposure to an increased risk of autoimmune thyroiditis. In order to assess the plausibility of this association, we reviewed published studies that evaluate the possible association between environmental thyroidal radiation and the presence of antithyroid antibodies as well as autoimmune thyroid disease (hypothyroidism and hyperthyroidism). These data have not been summarized elsewhere. Although some epidemiologic evidence of an association exists, long-term, well-designed studies are needed to accurately evaluate the complex association between low-dose environmental radiation exposure and clinically significant non-neoplastic thyroid disease. The results of these studies will be important in determining the appropriate clinical follow-up of persons exposed to environmental thyroidal irradiation. JF - Thyroid : official journal of the American Thyroid Association AU - Eheman, Christie R AU - Garbe, Paul AU - Tuttle, R Michael AD - Epidemiology and Health Services Branch, Division of Cancer Prevention and Control, National Center for Chronic Disease Prevention and Health Promotion, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia, USA. Y1 - 2003/05// PY - 2003 DA - May 2003 SP - 453 EP - 464 VL - 13 IS - 5 SN - 1050-7256, 1050-7256 KW - Index Medicus KW - Cross-Sectional Studies KW - Radioactive Hazard Release KW - Environmental Exposure -- statistics & numerical data KW - Humans KW - Cohort Studies KW - Autoimmunity -- radiation effects KW - Dose-Response Relationship, Radiation KW - Autoimmune Diseases -- etiology KW - Thyroid Diseases -- etiology KW - Thyroid Diseases -- diagnosis KW - Autoimmune Diseases -- epidemiology KW - Thyroid Diseases -- epidemiology KW - Radiation Injuries -- epidemiology KW - Autoimmune Diseases -- blood KW - Radiation Injuries -- diagnosis KW - Radiation Injuries -- blood KW - Autoimmune Diseases -- diagnosis KW - Thyroid Diseases -- blood KW - Radiation Injuries -- etiology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/73407365?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Thyroid+%3A+official+journal+of+the+American+Thyroid+Association&rft.atitle=Autoimmune+thyroid+disease+associated+with+environmental+thyroidal+irradiation.&rft.au=Eheman%2C+Christie+R%3BGarbe%2C+Paul%3BTuttle%2C+R+Michael&rft.aulast=Eheman&rft.aufirst=Christie&rft.date=2003-05-01&rft.volume=13&rft.issue=5&rft.spage=453&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Thyroid+%3A+official+journal+of+the+American+Thyroid+Association&rft.issn=10507256&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 2004-03-26 N1 - Date created - 2003-07-11 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Secondary contamination of ED personnel from hazardous materials events, 1995-2001. AN - 73386070; 12811712 AB - Hazardous materials (hazmat) events pose a health threat not only for those individuals in the immediate vicinity of the release (ie, members of the general public, on-site first responders, employees), but also for ED personnel (ie, physicians and nurses) treating the chemically contaminated victims arriving at the hospital. Secondary contamination injuries to ED personnel result when exposed victims enter the ED without being properly decontaminated. Data from the Agency for Toxic Substances and Disease Registry's Hazardous Substances Emergency Events Surveillance System were used to conduct a retrospective analysis on hazmat events occurring in 16 states from 1995 through 2001 that involved secondary injury to ED personnel. Six events were identified in which 15 ED personnel were secondarily injured while treating contaminated victims. The predominant injuries sustained were respiratory and eye irritation. Proper victim decontamination procedures, good field-to-hospital communication, and appropriate personal protective equipment (PPE) use can help prevent ED personnel injuries and contamination of the ED. JF - The American journal of emergency medicine AU - Horton, D Kevin AU - Berkowitz, Zahava AU - Kaye, Wendy E AD - Agency for Toxic Substances and Disease Registry, Division of Health Studies/Epidemidogy and Surveillance Branch, 1600 Clifton Road NE, Mailstop E-31, Atlanta, GA 30333, USA. dhorton@cdc.gov Y1 - 2003/05// PY - 2003 DA - May 2003 SP - 199 EP - 204 VL - 21 IS - 3 SN - 0735-6757, 0735-6757 KW - Hazardous Substances KW - 0 KW - Insecticides KW - Riot Control Agents, Chemical KW - Street Drugs KW - o-Chlorobenzylidenemalonitrile KW - 2698-41-1 KW - Methamphetamine KW - 44RAL3456C KW - Chlorine KW - 4R7X1O2820 KW - Hydrofluoric Acid KW - RGL5YE86CZ KW - Malathion KW - U5N7SU872W KW - Index Medicus KW - Malathion -- adverse effects KW - Humans KW - Methamphetamine -- adverse effects KW - Riot Control Agents, Chemical -- adverse effects KW - Chlorine -- adverse effects KW - Child KW - Population Surveillance KW - Street Drugs -- chemical synthesis KW - Insecticides -- adverse effects KW - Hydrofluoric Acid -- adverse effects KW - Adult KW - Street Drugs -- adverse effects KW - o-Chlorobenzylidenemalonitrile -- adverse effects KW - United States -- epidemiology KW - Methamphetamine -- chemical synthesis KW - Occupational Exposure -- statistics & numerical data KW - Hazardous Substances -- adverse effects KW - Emergency Medical Services -- statistics & numerical data UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/73386070?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+American+journal+of+emergency+medicine&rft.atitle=Secondary+contamination+of+ED+personnel+from+hazardous+materials+events%2C+1995-2001.&rft.au=Horton%2C+D+Kevin%3BBerkowitz%2C+Zahava%3BKaye%2C+Wendy+E&rft.aulast=Horton&rft.aufirst=D&rft.date=2003-05-01&rft.volume=21&rft.issue=3&rft.spage=199&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=The+American+journal+of+emergency+medicine&rft.issn=07356757&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 2003-08-05 N1 - Date created - 2003-06-17 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Frequency, severity, and costs of adverse reactions following mass treatment for lymphatic filariasis using diethylcarbamazine and albendazole in Leogane, Haiti, 2000. AN - 73370942; 12812348 AB - In October 2000, 71,187 persons were treated for lymphatic filariasis using albendazole and diethylcarbamazine (DEC) or DEC alone in Leogane, Haiti. We documented the frequency of adverse reactions, severity and cost of treatment. Adverse reactions were classified as minor, moderate, or severe. Overall, 24% (17,421) of the treated persons reported one or more adverse reactions. There were 15,916 (91%) minor and 1502 (9%) moderate adverse reaction reports. Men outnumbered women 2:1 in reporting moderate problems. Three patients, representing roughly one in 25,000 persons treated, were hospitalized with severe adverse reactions judged to be treatment-associated by physician review. The cost per person treated for adverse reactions was more than twice the cost per person treated for lymphatic filariasis (dollar 1.60 versus dollar 0.71). Severe adverse reactions to lymphatic filariasis treatment using DEC with or without albendazole are uncommon. Minor and moderate reactions are more commonly reported and their management represents a challenge to lymphatic filariasis elimination programs. JF - The American journal of tropical medicine and hygiene AU - McLaughlin, Steven I AU - Radday, Jeanne AU - Michel, Marie Carmel AU - Addiss, David G AU - Beach, Michael J AU - Lammie, Patrick J AU - Lammie, John AU - Rheingans, Richard AU - Lafontant, Jack AD - Division of Parasitic Diseases, National Center for Infectious Diseases, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia 30333, USA. swm4@cdc.gov Y1 - 2003/05// PY - 2003 DA - May 2003 SP - 568 EP - 573 VL - 68 IS - 5 SN - 0002-9637, 0002-9637 KW - Anthelmintics KW - 0 KW - Filaricides KW - Albendazole KW - F4216019LN KW - Diethylcarbamazine KW - V867Q8X3ZD KW - Abridged Index Medicus KW - Index Medicus KW - Haiti KW - Age Factors KW - Sex Factors KW - Humans KW - Adult KW - Middle Aged KW - Adolescent KW - Male KW - Female KW - Health Care Costs KW - Filaricides -- economics KW - Albendazole -- adverse effects KW - Diethylcarbamazine -- adverse effects KW - Filaricides -- adverse effects KW - Anthelmintics -- adverse effects KW - Albendazole -- economics KW - Diethylcarbamazine -- therapeutic use KW - Filaricides -- therapeutic use KW - Elephantiasis, Filarial -- drug therapy KW - Anthelmintics -- economics KW - Diethylcarbamazine -- economics KW - Elephantiasis, Filarial -- economics KW - Albendazole -- therapeutic use KW - Anthelmintics -- therapeutic use UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/73370942?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+American+journal+of+tropical+medicine+and+hygiene&rft.atitle=Frequency%2C+severity%2C+and+costs+of+adverse+reactions+following+mass+treatment+for+lymphatic+filariasis+using+diethylcarbamazine+and+albendazole+in+Leogane%2C+Haiti%2C+2000.&rft.au=McLaughlin%2C+Steven+I%3BRadday%2C+Jeanne%3BMichel%2C+Marie+Carmel%3BAddiss%2C+David+G%3BBeach%2C+Michael+J%3BLammie%2C+Patrick+J%3BLammie%2C+John%3BRheingans%2C+Richard%3BLafontant%2C+Jack&rft.aulast=McLaughlin&rft.aufirst=Steven&rft.date=2003-05-01&rft.volume=68&rft.issue=5&rft.spage=568&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=The+American+journal+of+tropical+medicine+and+hygiene&rft.issn=00029637&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 2003-06-24 N1 - Date created - 2003-06-18 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Endemic, notifiable bioterrorism-related diseases, United States, 1992-1999. AN - 73267503; 12737739 AB - Little information is available in the United States regarding the incidence and distribution of diseases caused by critical microbiologic agents with the potential for use in acts of terrorism. We describe disease-specific, demographic, geographic, and seasonal distribution of selected bioterrorism-related conditions (anthrax, botulism, brucellosis, cholera, plague, tularemia, and viral encephalitides) reported to the National Notifiable Diseases Surveillance System in 1992 to 1999. Tularemia and brucellosis were the most frequently reported diseases. Anthrax, plague, western equine encephalitis, and eastern equine encephalitis were rare. Higher incidence rates for cholera and plague were noted in the western United States and for tularemia in the central United States. Overall, the incidence of conditions caused by these critical agents in the United States is low. Individual case reports should be considered sentinel events. For potential bioterrorism-related conditions that are endemic and have low incidence, the use of nontraditional surveillance methods and complementary data sources may enhance our ability to rapidly detect changes in disease incidence. JF - Emerging infectious diseases AU - Chang, Man-huei AU - Glynn, M Kathleen AU - Groseclose, Samuel L AD - Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, 1600 Clifton Road NE, Mailstop K74, Atlanta, GA 30333, USA. mdc9@cdc.gov Y1 - 2003/05// PY - 2003 DA - May 2003 SP - 556 EP - 564 VL - 9 IS - 5 SN - 1080-6040, 1080-6040 KW - Index Medicus KW - Cholera -- epidemiology KW - Tularemia -- epidemiology KW - Humans KW - Continental Population Groups KW - Plague -- epidemiology KW - Aged KW - Child KW - Population Surveillance KW - Brucellosis -- epidemiology KW - Child, Preschool KW - Infant KW - Anthrax -- epidemiology KW - Ethnic Groups KW - Seasons KW - Adult KW - Incidence KW - Middle Aged KW - Botulism -- epidemiology KW - Geography KW - Adolescent KW - United States -- epidemiology KW - Male KW - Female KW - Communicable Diseases -- epidemiology KW - Bioterrorism UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/73267503?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Emerging+infectious+diseases&rft.atitle=Endemic%2C+notifiable+bioterrorism-related+diseases%2C+United+States%2C+1992-1999.&rft.au=Chang%2C+Man-huei%3BGlynn%2C+M+Kathleen%3BGroseclose%2C+Samuel+L&rft.aulast=Chang&rft.aufirst=Man-huei&rft.date=2003-05-01&rft.volume=9&rft.issue=5&rft.spage=556&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Emerging+infectious+diseases&rft.issn=10806040&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 2003-06-10 N1 - Date created - 2003-05-09 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - SuppNotes - Cited By: Eff Clin Pract. 1999 Sep-Oct;2(5):247-52 [10623059] JAMA. 1999 Jun 9;281(22):2127-37 [10367824] MMWR Morb Mortal Wkly Rep. 1999 Dec 31;47(53):ii-92 [10682828] MMWR Recomm Rep. 2000 Apr 21;49(RR-4):1-14 [10803503] J Public Health Manag Pract. 2000 Jul;6(4):45-9 [10977612] MMWR Morb Mortal Wkly Rep. 2001 Nov 2;50(43):941-8 [11708591] Emerg Infect Dis. 2001 Nov-Dec;7(6):933-44 [11747719] Emerg Infect Dis. 2001 Nov-Dec;7(6):959-69 [11747722] MMWR Morb Mortal Wkly Rep. 2001 Aug 17;50(32):677-80 [11785567] MMWR Morb Mortal Wkly Rep. 2001 Aug 17;50(32):680-2 [11785568] MMWR Morb Mortal Wkly Rep. 2001 Aug 24;50(33):704-6 [11787577] Emerg Infect Dis. 2002 Feb;8(2):225-30 [11897082] Am J Epidemiol. 2002 May 1;155(9):866-74 [11978592] JAMA. 1976 Jan 5;235(1):35-8 [945998] J Infect Dis. 1988 Jun;157(6):1158-62 [3373020] Epidemiol Rev. 1988;10:164-90 [3066626] MMWR Recomm Rep. 1990 Oct 19;39(RR-13):1-43 [2122225] MMWR Morb Mortal Wkly Rep. 1992 Sep 4;41(35):653-7 [1508131] JAMA. 1996 Jan 24-31;275(4):315-7 [8544273] Epidemiol Infect. 1996 Feb;116(1):9-13 [8626007] JAMA. 1996 Jul 24-31;276(4):307-12 [8656543] MMWR Recomm Rep. 1997 May 2;46(RR-10):1-55 [9148133] J Vector Ecol. 1997 Jun;22(1):77-82 [9221742] JAMA. 1997 Aug 6;278(5):389-95 [9244330] JAMA. 1997 Aug 6;278(5):396-8 [9244331] Ann Emerg Med. 1998 Mar;31(3):410-1 [9506504] Arch Intern Med. 1998 Mar 9;158(5):429-34 [9508220] J Womens Health. 1998 May;7(4):451-8 [9611703] Ann Intern Med. 1998 Aug 1;129(3):221-8 [9696731] J Public Health Manag Pract. 1996 Fall;2(4):4-10 [10186693] J Okla State Med Assoc. 1998 Nov;91(8):438-45 [9828526] MMWR Morb Mortal Wkly Rep. 1999 Feb 5;48(4):69-74 [10023627] MMWR Morb Mortal Wkly Rep. 1999 Apr 23;48(15):305-12 [10227798] JAMA. 1999 May 12;281(18):1735-45 [10328075] JAMA. 1999 Nov 17;282(19):1845-50 [10573276] N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Trends and variations in smoking during pregnancy and low birth weight: evidence from the birth certificate, 1990-2000. AN - 73266596; 12728134 AB - This study compares patterns of tobacco use during pregnancy over time and across population subgroups and examines the impact of maternal smoking on the incidence of low birth weight (LBW). The study also evaluates the use of birth certificates to monitor prenatal smoking. The birth certificates of all states (except California) and the District of Columbia for 2000 provided to Centers for Disease Control and Prevention's National Center for Health Statistics were analyzed. Trends in maternal smoking were examined with data from birth certificates and other relevant sources. Smoking during pregnancy was reported for 12.2% of women who gave birth in 2000, down 37% from 1989 (19.5%), when this information was first collected on birth certificates. Throughout the 1990s, prenatal smoking rates were highest for older teenagers and women in their early 20s. Among population subgroups, the highest rates were reported for non-Hispanic white women who attended but did not complete high school. The incidence of LBW among singleton infants who were born to smokers was double that for nonsmokers. This relationship was observed in all age groups, for births to Hispanic and non-Hispanic white and black women, and within educational attainment subgroups. Even light smoking (<5 cigarettes daily) was associated with elevated rates of LBW. Although prenatal smoking may be underreported on the birth certificate, the trends and variations in smoking based on birth certificate data have been confirmed with data from other sources. Birth certificate data can be useful in monitoring prenatal smoking patterns. Changes in the birth certificate questions that are to be implemented beginning in 2003 will help to clarify the levels and changes in smoking behavior during pregnancy so that smoking cessation programs can be more effectively designed to meet the needs of the populations at risk. JF - Pediatrics AU - Ventura, Stephanie J AU - Hamilton, Brady E AU - Mathews, T J AU - Chandra, Anjani AD - Division of Vital Statistics, National Center for Health Statistics, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Hyattsville, Maryland 20782, USA. sventura@cdc.gov Y1 - 2003/05// PY - 2003 DA - May 2003 SP - 1176 EP - 1180 VL - 111 IS - 5 Pt 2 KW - Abridged Index Medicus KW - Index Medicus KW - Birth Certificates KW - Educational Status KW - Maternal Exposure -- statistics & numerical data KW - Maternal Age KW - Humans KW - Adult KW - Infant, Newborn KW - Incidence KW - Adolescent KW - United States -- epidemiology KW - Female KW - Infant, Low Birth Weight KW - Pregnancy -- statistics & numerical data KW - Smoking -- epidemiology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/73266596?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Interferon+%26+Cytokine+Research&rft.atitle=Inflammatory+Mediators+and+Skeletal+Muscle+Injury%3A+A+DNA+Microarray+Analysis&rft.au=Summan%2C+M%3BMcKinstry%2C+M%3BWarren%2C+G+L%3BHulderman%2C+T%3BMishra%2C+D%3BBrumbaugh%2C+K%3BLuster%2C+MI%3BSimeonova%2C+P+P&rft.aulast=Summan&rft.aufirst=M&rft.date=2003-05-01&rft.volume=23&rft.issue=5&rft.spage=237&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+Interferon+%26+Cytokine+Research&rft.issn=10799907&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 2003-05-09 N1 - Date created - 2003-05-02 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Acephate exposure and decontamination on tobacco harvesters' hands. AN - 73263630; 12743614 AB - Agricultural workers manually harvesting tobacco have the potential for high dermal fexposure to pesticides, particularly on the hands. Often gloves are not worn as it hinders the harvesters' ability to harvest the tobacco leaves. To enable harvesters to remove pesticide residue on the hands and decrease absorbed doses, the EPA Worker Protection Standard requires growers to have hand-wash stations available in the field. The purpose of this study was to measure the concentration of acephate residue on the hands of tobacco harvesters, and the effectiveness of hand washing in reducing the acephate residue. Hand-wipes from the hands of 12 tobacco harvesters were collected at the end of the morning and at the end of the afternoon over 2 consecutive days. Each harvester had one hand-wiped prior to washing his hands, and the other hand-wiped after washing his hands with soap and water. In addition to the hand-wipe samples, leaf-wipe samples were collected from 15 tobacco plants to determine the amount of acephate residue on the plants. The average acephate level in leaf-wipe samples was 1.4 ng/cm(2). The geometric mean prewash and postwash acephate levels on the hands were 10.5 and 0.4 ng/cm(2), respectively. Both prewash (P-value=0.0009) and postwash hand (P-value=0.01) samples were positively correlated with leaf-wipe concentrations. Tobacco harvester position tended to influence hand exposure. Hand washing significantly reduced acephate levels on the hand, after adjusting for sampling period, hand sampled, job position, and leaf-wipe concentration (P-value< or =0.0001) with levels reduced by 96%. A substantial amount of acephate was transferred to the hands, and while hand washing significantly reduced the amount of residue on the hands, not all residue was removed. JF - Journal of exposure analysis and environmental epidemiology AU - Curwin, Brian D AU - Hein, Misty J AU - Sanderson, Wayne T AU - Nishioka, Marcia AU - Buhler, Wayne AD - National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, Division of Surveillance, Hazard Evaluations and Field Studies, Industrywide Studies Branch, 4676 Columbia Parkway MS R-14, Cincinnati. Ohio 45226, USA. bcurwin@cdc.gov Y1 - 2003/05// PY - 2003 DA - May 2003 SP - 203 EP - 210 VL - 13 IS - 3 SN - 1053-4245, 1053-4245 KW - Organothiophosphorus Compounds KW - 0 KW - Pesticide Residues KW - Phosphoramides KW - acephate KW - 3Y417O444D KW - Index Medicus KW - Decontamination -- methods KW - Humans KW - North Carolina KW - Plant Leaves -- chemistry KW - Male KW - Agriculture KW - Hand Disinfection KW - Tobacco -- chemistry KW - Pesticide Residues -- analysis KW - Organothiophosphorus Compounds -- analysis KW - Occupational Exposure -- analysis UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/73263630?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+exposure+analysis+and+environmental+epidemiology&rft.atitle=Acephate+exposure+and+decontamination+on+tobacco+harvesters%27+hands.&rft.au=Curwin%2C+Brian+D%3BHein%2C+Misty+J%3BSanderson%2C+Wayne+T%3BNishioka%2C+Marcia%3BBuhler%2C+Wayne&rft.aulast=Curwin&rft.aufirst=Brian&rft.date=2003-05-01&rft.volume=13&rft.issue=3&rft.spage=203&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+exposure+analysis+and+environmental+epidemiology&rft.issn=10534245&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 2003-11-18 N1 - Date created - 2003-05-13 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Sharing prescription medication among teenage girls: potential danger to unplanned/undiagnosed pregnancies. AN - 73243303; 12728132 AB - The objective of this study was to determine how often children and adolescents share prescription medications and, because of teratogenic concerns, assess specific reasons why girls might engage in medication-sharing behaviors. Data were collected as part of Youthstyles, a mail survey of children and adolescents 9 through 18 years of age (764 girls and 804 boys) about health issues, attitudinal variables, and media preferences. Information collected by the survey included the respondent's history of borrowing or sharing prescription medications, the frequency with which sharing occurred, the reasons why medications might be borrowed or shared, and who influences their decisions to borrow or share medication. A total of 20.1% of girls and 13.4% of boys reported ever borrowing or sharing medications. Of the girls surveyed, 15.7% reported borrowing prescription medications from others, and 14.5% reported sharing their prescription medication with someone else. The reported likelihood of sharing increased with age. Medication sharing or borrowing was not a "one time only" emergency use for many: 7.3% of girls 15 through 18 years of age had shared medications >3 times. Reasons that girls gave for why they would share medications included having a prescription for the same medicine (40.2%), getting the medication from a family member (33.4%), having the same problem as the person who had the medication (29%), or wanting something strong for pimples or oily skin (10.5%). Medication sharing is relatively common among children and adolescents and is more common among girls than boys. An adolescent who receives a medication via sharing does not receive the appropriate information about its actions and possible negative interactions with other medications or any other associated risks. Sharing potentially teratogenic drugs is of special concern. Many barriers exist to communicating the risk about teratogenic drugs to women and girls, particularly if they are not planning a pregnancy or are unaware that they are already pregnant. These findings suggest the need for basic research on issues related to the dangers of medication sharing and teratogenic risks, as well as the development of successful approaches to communicate these risks. JF - Pediatrics AU - Daniel, Katherine Lyon AU - Honein, Margaret A AU - Moore, Cynthia A AD - Division of Birth Defects and Developmental Disabilities, National Center on Birth Defects and Developmental Disabilities, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia 30341, USA. kdl8@cdc.gov Y1 - 2003/05// PY - 2003 DA - May 2003 SP - 1167 EP - 1170 VL - 111 IS - 5 Pt 2 KW - Pharmaceutical Preparations KW - 0 KW - Abridged Index Medicus KW - Index Medicus KW - Humans KW - Health Surveys KW - Child KW - Adolescent KW - Male KW - Female KW - Pregnancy KW - Social Behavior KW - Drug Prescriptions UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/73243303?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Pediatrics&rft.atitle=Sharing+prescription+medication+among+teenage+girls%3A+potential+danger+to+unplanned%2Fundiagnosed+pregnancies.&rft.au=Daniel%2C+Katherine+Lyon%3BHonein%2C+Margaret+A%3BMoore%2C+Cynthia+A&rft.aulast=Daniel&rft.aufirst=Katherine&rft.date=2003-05-01&rft.volume=111&rft.issue=5+Pt+2&rft.spage=1167&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Pediatrics&rft.issn=1098-4275&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 2003-05-09 N1 - Date created - 2003-05-02 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Binge drinking in the preconception period and the risk of unintended pregnancy: implications for women and their children. AN - 73243127; 12728126 AB - To assess the relationship between unintended pregnancy resulting in a live birth and binge drinking (having 5 or more alcoholic beverages on 1 occasion) in the 3 months before pregnancy (the preconception period) and to characterize women who are of childbearing age and binge drink. A case-control study was conducted of women with pregnancies that resulted in a live birth, comparing those with unintended pregnancies with those with intended pregnancies. Data analyzed were from the 15 states that participated in the Pregnancy Risk Assessment Monitoring System from 1996-1999. Of 72 907 respondents, 45% of pregnancies were unintended. Compared with women with intended pregnancy, women with unintended pregnancy were more likely to be young and black and to report preconception binge drinking (16.3% vs 11.9%; odds ratio [OR]: 1.43; 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.13-1.54). After adjusting for potential confounders, preconception binge drinking was associated with unintended pregnancy for white women (adjusted OR: 1.63; 95% CI: 1.47-1.80) but not for black women (adjusted OR: 0.96, 95% CI: 0.77-1.20). Overall, 14% of women reported preconception binge drinking. Women who binge drank in the preconception period were more likely to be white and unmarried; to smoke and be exposed to violence in the preconception period; and to consume alcohol, binge drink, and smoke during pregnancy. Binge drinking in the preconception period was associated with unintended pregnancies resulting in a live birth among white women but not among black women. Preconception binge drinkers were more likely to engage in other risky behaviors, including drinking during pregnancy. Comprehensive interventions to reduce binge drinking may reduce unintended pregnancies, as well as other adverse maternal and pediatric health outcomes. JF - Pediatrics AU - Naimi, Timothy S AU - Lipscomb, Leslie E AU - Brewer, Robert D AU - Gilbert, Brenda Colley AD - Alcohol Team, Emerging Investigations and Analytic Methods Branch, Division of Adult and Community Health, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia 30341, USA. tbn7@cdc.gov Y1 - 2003/05// PY - 2003 DA - May 2003 SP - 1136 EP - 1141 VL - 111 IS - 5 Pt 2 KW - Abridged Index Medicus KW - Index Medicus KW - Risk KW - Marital Status KW - Age Factors KW - Humans KW - Adult KW - Case-Control Studies KW - Adolescent KW - United States -- epidemiology KW - Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System KW - Female KW - Population Surveillance KW - Alcoholic Intoxication -- epidemiology KW - Pregnancy, Unwanted -- statistics & numerical data KW - Pregnancy -- statistics & numerical data UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/73243127?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Pediatrics&rft.atitle=Binge+drinking+in+the+preconception+period+and+the+risk+of+unintended+pregnancy%3A+implications+for+women+and+their+children.&rft.au=Naimi%2C+Timothy+S%3BLipscomb%2C+Leslie+E%3BBrewer%2C+Robert+D%3BGilbert%2C+Brenda+Colley&rft.aulast=Naimi&rft.aufirst=Timothy&rft.date=2003-05-01&rft.volume=111&rft.issue=5+Pt+2&rft.spage=1136&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Pediatrics&rft.issn=1098-4275&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 2003-05-09 N1 - Date created - 2003-05-02 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Elevated environmental temperature and methamphetamine neurotoxicity. AN - 73212231; 12706754 AB - Amphetamines have been of considerable research interest for the last several decades. More recent work has renewed interest in the role of ambient temperature in both the toxicity and neurotoxicity of these drugs. We have determined that the striatal dopaminergic neurotoxicity observed in the mouse is linked in some fashion to both body and environmental temperature. Most studies of d-methamphetamine (d-METH) neurotoxicity are conducted at standard laboratory ambient temperatures (e.g., approximately 21-22 degrees C) and utilizing a repeated dosage regimen (e.g., three to four injections spaced 2 h apart). A lowering of the ambient temperature provides neuroprotection, while an elevation increases neurotoxicity. d-METH causes long-term depletions of striatal dopamine (DA) that are accompanied by other changes that are indicative of nerve terminal degeneration. These include argyrophilia, as detected by silver degeneration stains, and an elevation in glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP), a marker of reactive gliosis in response to injury, as well as a long-term decrease in tyrosine hydroxylase (TH) protein levels. Here we show that increasing the ambient temperature during and for some time following dosing increases the neurotoxicity of d-METH. Mice (female C57BL6/J) given a single dosage of d-METH (20mg/kg s.c.) and maintained at the usual laboratory ambient temperature show minimal striatal damage (an approximately 15% depletion of DA and an approximately 86% increase in GFAP). Substantial striatal damage (e.g., an approximately 70% depletion of DA and an approximately 200% elevation in GFAP) was induced by this regimen if mice were maintained at 27 degrees C for 24 or 72 h following dosing. An increase in neurotoxicity was also apparent in mice kept at an elevated temperature for only 5 or 9 h, but keeping animals at 27 degrees C for 24 or 72 h was the most effective in increasing the neurotoxicity of d-METH. Our data show how a relatively minor change in ambient temperature can have a major impact on the degree of neurotoxicity induced by d-METH. Single-dose regimens may aid in uncovering the as yet unknown mechanism(s) of substituted amphetamine neurotoxicity because they reduce the inherent complexity present in repeated dosage regimens. JF - Environmental research AU - Miller, Diane B AU - O'Callaghan, James P AD - Toxicology and Molecular Biology Branch, Health Effects Laboratory Division, Centers for Disease Control, National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, 1095 Willowdale Road, Morgantown, WV 26505, USA. dum6@cdc.gov Y1 - 2003/05// PY - 2003 DA - May 2003 SP - 48 EP - 53 VL - 92 IS - 1 SN - 0013-9351, 0013-9351 KW - Central Nervous System Stimulants KW - 0 KW - Methamphetamine KW - 44RAL3456C KW - Index Medicus KW - Environment KW - Animals KW - Mice, Inbred C57BL KW - Mice KW - Female KW - Methamphetamine -- administration & dosage KW - Central Nervous System Stimulants -- toxicity KW - Temperature KW - Central Nervous System Stimulants -- administration & dosage KW - Methamphetamine -- toxicity UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/73212231?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Environmental+research&rft.atitle=Elevated+environmental+temperature+and+methamphetamine+neurotoxicity.&rft.au=Miller%2C+Diane+B%3BO%27Callaghan%2C+James+P&rft.aulast=Miller&rft.aufirst=Diane&rft.date=2003-05-01&rft.volume=92&rft.issue=1&rft.spage=48&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Environmental+research&rft.issn=00139351&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 2003-05-27 N1 - Date created - 2003-04-22 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Mutations causing in vitro resistance to azithromycin in Neisseria gonorrhoeae AN - 19613654; 7338859 AB - In 1999, a cluster of gonococcal isolates exhibiting high Minimal Inhibitory Concentrations (MICs), to azithromycin (2.0-4.0 mg/l) were identified in Kansas City, MO. Isolates were characterized by auxotype/serovar class, lipoprotein (Lip) subtyping and sequencing of the mtrR gene, which has been implicated in decreased azithromycin susceptibility in the gonococcus. Isolates were Pro/IB-3 and contained the 17c Lip subtype. Molecular characterization of the mtrR gene revealed a 153 base pair insertion sequence located between the mtrR/mtrC promoter and the mtrC gene. Some isolates also contained a frame shift within the mtrR gene. Transformation of these mutations into an azithromycin-sensitive recipient strain resulted in transformants with MICs as high as 2.0 mg/l and inactivation of the mtrD gene reduced azithromycin MICs 270-fold. These results demonstrated that the mtr mutations were responsible for the increased MICs in these isolates. JF - International Journal of Antimicrobial Agents AU - Johnson, Steven R AU - Sandul, Amy L AU - Parekh, Manhar AU - Wang, Susan A AU - Knapp, Joan S AU - Trees, David L AD - Gonorrhea Research Branch, Division of AIDS, STD and TB Laboratory Research, NCID, Mailstop C-13, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, 1600 Clifton Rd., Atlanta, GA 30333, USA, dlt1@cdc.gov Y1 - 2003/05// PY - 2003 DA - May 2003 SP - 414 EP - 419 PB - Elsevier Science B.V., P.O. Box 211 Amsterdam 1000 AE Netherlands, [mailto:nlinfo-f@elsevier.nl], [URL:http://www.elsevier.nl/] VL - 21 IS - 5 SN - 0924-8579, 0924-8579 KW - Genetics Abstracts; Microbiology Abstracts B: Bacteriology KW - Azithromycin KW - Multiple transferable resistance efflux system KW - Neisseria gonorrhoeae KW - Transformation KW - MtrC gene KW - Nucleotide sequence KW - Insertion sequences KW - MtrR gene KW - Minimum inhibitory concentration KW - Antimicrobial agents KW - Promoters KW - Lip KW - MtrD gene KW - Lipoproteins KW - Mutation KW - J 02310:Genetics & Taxonomy KW - G 07770:Bacteria UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/19613654?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologyb&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=International+Journal+of+Antimicrobial+Agents&rft.atitle=Mutations+causing+in+vitro+resistance+to+azithromycin+in+Neisseria+gonorrhoeae&rft.au=Johnson%2C+Steven+R%3BSandul%2C+Amy+L%3BParekh%2C+Manhar%3BWang%2C+Susan+A%3BKnapp%2C+Joan+S%3BTrees%2C+David+L&rft.aulast=Johnson&rft.aufirst=Steven&rft.date=2003-05-01&rft.volume=21&rft.issue=5&rft.spage=414&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=International+Journal+of+Antimicrobial+Agents&rft.issn=09248579&rft_id=info:doi/10.1016%2FS0924-8579%2803%2900039-6 LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2007-05-01 N1 - Last updated - 2015-04-01 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Transformation; MtrC gene; Nucleotide sequence; Insertion sequences; Minimum inhibitory concentration; MtrR gene; Antimicrobial agents; Promoters; Lip; MtrD gene; Azithromycin; Lipoproteins; Mutation; Neisseria gonorrhoeae DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0924-8579(03)00039-6 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Diurnal Patterns of Rainfall in Northwestern South America. Part III: Diurnal Gravity Waves and Nocturnal Convection Offshore AN - 18907156; 5641758 AB - Afternoon/evening near-coastal convection over land is easily understood as a response to solar heating of the land, turbulent transfer of heat and moisture to the boundary layer, and lifting of air by vigorous sea-breeze fronts. Subtler processes apparently underlie the late night and morning convection that is prevalent over coastal waters throughout the Tropics. Sensitivity tests using the fifth-generation Pennsylvania State University-NCAR Mesoscale Model (MM5), and further diagnoses of the control run described in Part II, are used to explore these processes.Prior studies have speculated that 'land-breeze' circulations, analogous but opposite to the sea breeze, drive offshore convection at night. However, nighttime radiative cooling of land and the associated thermal breezes are much weaker than the corresponding daytime processes, especially under humid tropical skies. Analysis of model mean soundings reveals that modest (fractions of a degree Celsius) temperature changes near the 800-hPa level change the sign of the buoyancy of low-level air, from negative (inhibited) to positive (convecting) after about midnight in the coastal zone. These diurnal temperature changes are seen to be signatures of a diurnal gravity wave with a propagation speed of similar to 15 m s-1, similar to the speed of motion of the diurnal seaward sweep of convection seen in satellite data as well as in the model. This wave radiates from the diurnally oscillating heat source of the daytime mixed layer, raised up into the stratified layers of the atmosphere by elevated terrain. A surprising finding is that the model mean rainfall field is almost the same in a simulation without diurnally varying solar radiation. JF - Monthly Weather Review AU - Mapes, B E AU - Warner, T T AU - Xu, M AD - CIRES, 216 UCB, Boulder CO 80309-0216, bem@cdc.noaa.gov Y1 - 2003/05// PY - 2003 DA - May 2003 SP - 830 EP - 844 PB - American Meteorological Society VL - 131 IS - 5 SN - 0027-0644, 0027-0644 KW - Water Resources Abstracts; ASFA 2: Ocean Technology Policy & Non-Living Resources; Meteorological & Geoastrophysical Abstracts KW - Gravity Waves KW - Convection KW - Diurnal rainfall variations KW - Rainfall KW - Boundary Layers KW - Solar radiation KW - Turbulent transfer KW - Turbulent boundary layer KW - Land breeze-precipitation relationships KW - Marine KW - Weather KW - Mixed layer KW - Diurnal convection variations KW - Temperature KW - Soundings KW - Atmospheric circulation KW - Cooling KW - Wave propagation KW - Model Studies KW - Sea breezes KW - ASW, South America KW - South America KW - Coastal zone KW - Rainfall patterns KW - Heating KW - Gravity waves KW - Mesoscale models KW - Gravity waves-precipitation relationships KW - Sea Breezes KW - Q2 09164:Ocean circulation and currents KW - M2 551.558.1:Convection, thermals, vertical currents of air in or below individual clouds (551.558.1) KW - M2 551.511.31:Gravity waves (551.511.31) KW - M2 551.577.31:Diurnal variation (551.577.31) KW - M2 551.577.2:Distribution at earth's surface. (551.577.2) KW - SW 0815:Precipitation UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/18907156?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Awaterresources&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Monthly+Weather+Review&rft.atitle=Diurnal+Patterns+of+Rainfall+in+Northwestern+South+America.+Part+III%3A+Diurnal+Gravity+Waves+and+Nocturnal+Convection+Offshore&rft.au=Mapes%2C+B+E%3BWarner%2C+T+T%3BXu%2C+M&rft.aulast=Mapes&rft.aufirst=B&rft.date=2003-05-01&rft.volume=131&rft.issue=5&rft.spage=830&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Monthly+Weather+Review&rft.issn=00270644&rft_id=info:doi/10.1175%2F1520-0493%282003%29131%280830%3ADPORIN%292.0.CO%3B2 LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Last updated - 2014-05-07 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Convection; Sea breezes; Coastal zone; Mixed layer; Rainfall; Gravity waves; Turbulent transfer; Atmospheric circulation; Soundings; Solar radiation; Turbulent boundary layer; Wave propagation; Land breeze-precipitation relationships; Diurnal rainfall variations; Rainfall patterns; Diurnal convection variations; Mesoscale models; Gravity waves-precipitation relationships; Gravity Waves; Weather; Heating; Boundary Layers; Temperature; Cooling; Sea Breezes; Model Studies; South America; ASW, South America; Marine DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1175/1520-0493(2003)131(0830:DPORIN)2.0.CO;2 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Diurnal Patterns of Rainfall in Northwestern South America. Part I: Observations and Context AN - 18907103; 5641756 AB - One of the rainiest areas on earth, the Panama Bight and Pacific (western) littoral of Colombia, is the focal point for a regional modeling study utilizing the fifth-generation Pennsylvania State University-NCAR Mesoscale Model (MM5) with nested grids. In this first of three parts, the observed climatology of the region is presented. The seasonal march of rainfall has a northwest-southeast axis, with western Colombia near the center, receiving rain throughout the year. This study focuses on the August-September season. The diurnal cycle of rainfall over land exhibits an afternoon maximum over most of South and Central America, typically composed of relatively small convective cloud systems. Over some large valleys in the Andes, and over Lake Maracaibo, a nocturnal maximum of rainfall is observed. A strong night/morning maximum of rainfall prevails over the coastal ocean, propagating offshore and westward with time. This offshore convection often takes the form of mesoscale convective systems with sizes comparable to the region's coastal concavities and other geographical features. The 10-day period of these model studies (28 August-7 September 1998) is shown to be a period of unusually active weather, but with a time-mean rainfall pattern similar to longer-term climatology. It is concluded that the rain-producing processes during this time period are likely to be typical of those that shape the seasonal climatology. JF - Monthly Weather Review AU - Mapes, B E AU - Warner, T T AU - Xu, M AU - Negri, A J AD - CIRES, 216 UCB, Boulder, CO 80309-0216, bem@cdc.noaa.gov Y1 - 2003/05// PY - 2003 DA - May 2003 SP - 799 EP - 812 PB - American Meteorological Society VL - 131 IS - 5 SN - 0027-0644, 0027-0644 KW - Water Resources Abstracts; Meteorological & Geoastrophysical Abstracts KW - M2 551.577.2:Distribution at earth's surface. (551.577.2) KW - SW 0815:Precipitation KW - M2 551.577:General Precipitation (551.577) UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/18907103?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Awaterresources&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Monthly+Weather+Review&rft.atitle=Diurnal+Patterns+of+Rainfall+in+Northwestern+South+America.+Part+I%3A+Observations+and+Context&rft.au=Mapes%2C+B+E%3BWarner%2C+T+T%3BXu%2C+M%3BNegri%2C+A+J&rft.aulast=Mapes&rft.aufirst=B&rft.date=2003-05-01&rft.volume=131&rft.issue=5&rft.spage=799&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Monthly+Weather+Review&rft.issn=00270644&rft_id=info:doi/10.1175%2F1520-0493%282003%29131%280799%3ADPORIN%292.0.CO%3B2 LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1175/1520-0493(2003)131(0799:DPORIN)2.0.CO;2 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Environmental Agricultural Tractor Cab Filter Efficiency and Field Evaluation AN - 18865358; 5716052 AB - To evaluate filter efficiency and performance of environmental enclosures for tractors, 3- to 4-year-old tractor enclosure combinations (cabs retrofitted to tractors after manufacturing) were studied at a custom pesticide applicators facility. Optical particle counters were used to measure the aerosol number concentration inside and outside the cab. The ratio of these concentrations multiplied by 100 is termed percentage penetration, the amount of the aerosol that penetrates into the enclosure. For particles in the 0.3 to 0.4 mu m range, penetration into the cab was reduced from 11 to 0.4% in the following sequential steps. First, manufacturing mistakes were corrected by fixing a bowed flange and inappropriate sealing of the sheet metal used to separate incoming air from air that had passed through the filter. This reduced aerosol penetration from 11 to 4.8%. Replacing gasket material on the used filter reduced penetration from 4.8 to 0.65%. This suggests that the filter gaskets are deforming and allowing leakage. Also, the filter media were evaluated for aerosol penetration as a function of particle size and were tested per the criteria stipulated in 42 CFR 84 for negative pressure air-purifying particulate respirators. These results showed penetration through the filter media of less than 0.03%, indicating that filter media were not a major source of aerosol leakage into the cab. The results suggest that the manufacturer should implement a quality control program to ensure that minimal aerosol penetration criteria into the cabs are met and an acceptable maintenance program exists to ensure compliance. Furthermore, the degradation of filter gasket material over time needs to be minimized to ensure that the environmental cabs continue to provide acceptable performance. JF - American Industrial Hygiene Association Journal AU - Heitbrink, WA AU - Moyer, E S AU - Jensen, P A AU - Martin, SB Jr AU - Watkins, D S AD - Division of Respiratory Disease Studies, Laboratory Research Branch, National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, 1095 Willowdale Road, Mail Stop H2800.4, Morgantown, WV 26505, USA, esm2@cdc.gov Y1 - 2003/05// PY - 2003 DA - May 2003 SP - 394 EP - 400 VL - 64 IS - 3 SN - 0002-8894, 0002-8894 KW - farming KW - tractors KW - Health & Safety Science Abstracts; Pollution Abstracts KW - H 1000:Occupational Safety and Health KW - P 6000:TOXICOLOGY AND HEALTH UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/18865358?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Apollution&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=American+Industrial+Hygiene+Association+Journal&rft.atitle=Environmental+Agricultural+Tractor+Cab+Filter+Efficiency+and+Field+Evaluation&rft.au=Heitbrink%2C+WA%3BMoyer%2C+E+S%3BJensen%2C+P+A%3BMartin%2C+SB+Jr%3BWatkins%2C+D+S&rft.aulast=Heitbrink&rft.aufirst=WA&rft.date=2003-05-01&rft.volume=64&rft.issue=3&rft.spage=394&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=American+Industrial+Hygiene+Association+Journal&rft.issn=00028894&rft_id=info:doi/10.1202%2F1542-8125%282003%2964%3C394%3AEAT... LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1202/1542-8125(2003)64<394:EAT... ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Decline in Invasive Pneumococcal Disease after the Introduction of Protein-Polysaccharide Conjugate Vaccine AN - 18812338; 5701935 AB - In early 2000, a protein-polysaccharide conjugate vaccine targeting seven pneumococcal serotypes was licensed in the United States for use in young children. We examined population-based data from the Active Bacterial Core Surveillance of the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention to evaluate changes in the burden of invasive disease, defined by isolation of Streptococcus pneumoniae from a normally sterile site. Serotyping and susceptibility testing of isolates were performed. We assessed trends using data from seven geographic areas with continuous participation from 1998 through 2001 (population, 16 million). The rate of invasive disease dropped from an average of 24.3 cases per 100,000 persons in 1998 and 1999 to 17.3 per 100,000 in 2001. The largest decline was in children under two years of age. In this group, the rate of disease was 69 percent lower in 2001 than the base-line rate (59.0 cases per 100,000 vs. 188.0 per 100,000, P<0.001); the rate of disease caused by vaccine and vaccine-related serotypes declined by 78 percent (P<0.001) and 50 percent (P<0.001), respectively. Disease rates also fell for adults; as compared with base line, the rate of disease in 2001 was 32 percent lower for adults 20 to 39 years of age (7.6 cases per 100,000 vs. 11.2 per 100,000, P<0.001), 8 percent lower for those 40 to 64 years of age (19.7 per 100,000 vs. 21.5 per 100,000, P=0.03), and 18 percent lower for those 65 years of age or more (49.5 per 100,000 vs. 60.1 per 100,000, P<0.001). The rate of disease caused by strains that were not susceptible to penicillin was 35 percent lower in 2001 than in 1999 (4.1 cases per 100,000 vs. 6.3 per 100,000, P<0.001). The use of the pneumococcal conjugate vaccine is preventing disease in young children, for whom the vaccine is indicated, and may be reducing the rate of disease in adults. The vaccine provides an effective new tool for reducing disease caused by drug-resistant strains. JF - New England Journal of Medicine AU - Whitney, C G AU - Farley, M M AU - Hadler, J AU - Harrison, L H AU - Bennett, N M AU - Lynfield, R AU - Reingold, A AU - Cieslak, PR AU - Pilishvili, T AU - Jackson, D AU - Facklam, R R AU - Jorgensen, J H AU - Schuchat, A AD - CDC Mailstop C-23, 1600 Clifton Rd. NE, Atlanta, GA 30333, USA, cwhitney@cdc.gov Y1 - 2003/05/01/ PY - 2003 DA - 2003 May 01 SP - 1737 EP - 1746 VL - 348 IS - 18 SN - 0028-4793, 0028-4793 KW - Microbiology Abstracts B: Bacteriology KW - J 02834:Vaccination and immunization UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/18812338?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologyb&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=New+England+Journal+of+Medicine&rft.atitle=Decline+in+Invasive+Pneumococcal+Disease+after+the+Introduction+of+Protein-Polysaccharide+Conjugate+Vaccine&rft.au=Whitney%2C+C+G%3BFarley%2C+M+M%3BHadler%2C+J%3BHarrison%2C+L+H%3BBennett%2C+N+M%3BLynfield%2C+R%3BReingold%2C+A%3BCieslak%2C+PR%3BPilishvili%2C+T%3BJackson%2C+D%3BFacklam%2C+R+R%3BJorgensen%2C+J+H%3BSchuchat%2C+A&rft.aulast=Whitney&rft.aufirst=C&rft.date=2003-05-01&rft.volume=348&rft.issue=18&rft.spage=1737&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=New+England+Journal+of+Medicine&rft.issn=00284793&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Inflammatory Mediators and Skeletal Muscle Injury: A DNA Microarray Analysis AN - 18802616; 5661721 AB - Traumatic skeletal muscle injury causes a specific sequence of cellular events consisting of degeneration, inflammation, regeneration, and fibrosis. The role of early posttraumatic mechanisms, including acute inflammatory response, in muscle repair is not well understood. In the present study, oligonucleotide microarray analyses were used to examine the candidate genes that are involved in these early events of the muscle injury/repair process. cDNA was prepared from the injured and control tibialis anterior (TA) muscle of mice 24 h postinjury and labeled with the fluorescent dye Cy5 or Cy3 prior to hybridization to a DNA microarray. The microarray analysis, including 732 genes, was conducted in triplicate, and we describe only genes modulated by the injury showing a differential expression (both increased and decreased) 1.7-fold or greater (p < 0.05) from control uninjured TA muscle. Selected expression patterns were confirmed by other gene expression detection methods, including real-time reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) and RNase protection assay (RPA) or immunohistochemistry detection methods. The upregulated genes (2.8%) were mainly associated with inflammation, oxidative stress, and cell proliferation, whereas the downregulated genes (3.2%) were related to metabolic and cell signaling pathways. In addition, the study suggested that chemokines, such as monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 (MCP-1), associated with monocyte/macrophage influx and activation, are abundantly expressed in postinjured muscle, and they might play a role in traumatic muscle injury/recovery processes. JF - Journal of Interferon & Cytokine Research AU - Summan, M AU - McKinstry, M AU - Warren, G L AU - Hulderman, T AU - Mishra, D AU - Brumbaugh, K AU - Luster, MI AU - Simeonova, P P AD - National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health Toxicology and Molecular Biology Branch, 1095 Willowdale Road, Mailstop L-3014, Morgantown, WV 26505-2888, USA, phs9@cdc.gov Y1 - 2003/05// PY - 2003 DA - May 2003 SP - 237 EP - 245 VL - 23 IS - 5 SN - 1079-9907, 1079-9907 KW - DNA microarrays KW - mice KW - monocyte chemoattractant protein 1 KW - Immunology Abstracts; Physical Education Index; Biochemistry Abstracts 2: Nucleic Acids KW - N 14510:Occurrence, isolation & assay KW - PE 090:Sports Medicine & Exercise Sport Science KW - F 06735:Mediators UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/18802616?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aphysicaleducation&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Interferon+%26+Cytokine+Research&rft.atitle=Inflammatory+Mediators+and+Skeletal+Muscle+Injury%3A+A+DNA+Microarray+Analysis&rft.au=Summan%2C+M%3BMcKinstry%2C+M%3BWarren%2C+G+L%3BHulderman%2C+T%3BMishra%2C+D%3BBrumbaugh%2C+K%3BLuster%2C+MI%3BSimeonova%2C+P+P&rft.aulast=Summan&rft.aufirst=M&rft.date=2003-05-01&rft.volume=23&rft.issue=5&rft.spage=237&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+Interferon+%26+Cytokine+Research&rft.issn=10799907&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - Physical Education Index N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Detection of Novel Bartonella Strains and Yersinia pestis in Prairie Dogs and Their Fleas (Siphonaptera: Ceratophyllidae and Pulicidae) Using Multiplex Polymerase Chain Reaction AN - 18789095; 5660255 AB - We developed a multiplex polymerase chain reaction (PCR) assay that simultaneously detects three types of flea-associated microorganisms. Targets for the assay were sequences encoding portions of the gltA , a 17-kDa antigen, and pla genes of Bartonella spp. Strong et al., Rickettsia spp. da Rocha-Lima, and Yersinia pestis Yersin, respectively. A total of 260 flea samples containing bloodmeal remnants were analyzed from fleas collected from abandoned prairie dog (Cynomys ludovicianus ) burrows at the site of an active plague epizootic in Jefferson County, CO. Results indicated that 34 (13.1%) fleas were positive for Bartonella spp., 0 (0%) were positive for Rickettsia spp., and 120 (46.2%) were positive for Y. pestis . Twenty-three (8.8%) of these fleas were coinfected with Bartonella spp. and Y. pestis . A second group of 295 bloodmeal-containing fleas was collected and analyzed from abandoned burrows in Logan County, CO, where a prairie dog die-off had occurred 2-4 mo before the time of sampling. Of these 295 fleas, 7 (2.4%) were positive for Bartonella spp., 0 (0%) were positive for Rickettsia spp., and 46 (15.6%) were positive for Y. pestis . Coinfections were not observed in fleas from the Logan County epizootic site. The multiplex PCR also was used to identify Y. pestis and Bartonella in prairie dog blood and tissues. This report represents the first identification of Bartonella from prairie dogs and their fleas. Prairie dog fleas were tested with PCR, and the Bartonella PCR amplicons produced were sequenced and found to be closely related to similar sequences amplified from Bartonella that had been isolated from prairie dog blood samples. Phylogenetic analyses indicate that the sequences of bartonellae from prairie dogs and prairie dog fleas cluster tightly within a clade that is distinct from those containing other known Bartonella genotypes. JF - Journal of Medical Entomology AU - Stevenson, H L AU - Bai, Y AU - Kosoy, MY AU - Montenieri, JA AU - Lowell, J L AU - Chu, M C AU - Gage, K L AD - Bacterial Zoonoses Branch, Division of Vector-Borne Infectious Diseases, National Center for Infectious Diseases, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Fort Collins, Colorado, klg0@cdc.gov Y1 - 2003/05// PY - 2003 DA - May 2003 SP - 329 EP - 337 PB - Entomological Society of America VL - 40 IS - 3 SN - 0022-2585, 0022-2585 KW - Black-tailed prairie dog KW - Common fleas KW - Rodent fleas KW - Microbiology Abstracts B: Bacteriology; Entomology Abstracts KW - J 02870:Invertebrate bacteriology KW - Z 05206:Medical & veterinary entomology KW - J 02710:Identification, taxonomy and typing UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/18789095?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologyb&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Medical+Entomology&rft.atitle=Detection+of+Novel+Bartonella+Strains+and+Yersinia+pestis+in+Prairie+Dogs+and+Their+Fleas+%28Siphonaptera%3A+Ceratophyllidae+and+Pulicidae%29+Using+Multiplex+Polymerase+Chain+Reaction&rft.au=Stevenson%2C+H+L%3BBai%2C+Y%3BKosoy%2C+MY%3BMontenieri%2C+JA%3BLowell%2C+J+L%3BChu%2C+M+C%3BGage%2C+K+L&rft.aulast=Stevenson&rft.aufirst=H&rft.date=2003-05-01&rft.volume=40&rft.issue=3&rft.spage=329&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+Medical+Entomology&rft.issn=00222585&rft_id=info:doi/10.1043%2F0022-2585%282003%29040%280329%3ADONBSA%292.0.CO%3B2 LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1043/0022-2585(2003)040(0329:DONBSA)2.0.CO;2 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - AIDS Mortality May Have Contributed to the Decline in Syphilis Rates in the United States in the 1990s AN - 18779419; 5648968 AB - The mortality associated with AIDS among men may have had an influence on primary and secondary syphilis trends among men in the United States, through the loss of men at high risk for acquisition or transmission of syphilis in this population and/or by prompting safer sexual behaviors in response to the threat of AIDS. The goal of this study was to examine the association between AIDS mortality rates and primary and secondary syphilis incidence rates among men in the United States from 1984 to 1997. We used a fixed-effects regression analysis of state-level AIDS mortality rates and primary and secondary syphilis incidence rates for men. Our analysis showed a significant association between higher AIDS mortality and lower rates of syphilis incidence, after we controlled for confounding factors. Our model estimates suggested that every 20 AIDS deaths per 100,000 adult men are associated with declines of about 7% to 12% in syphilis incidence rates among men. Increases in AIDS-associated mortality may have accounted for one-third to one-half of the decline in syphilis rates among men in the early 1990s. Recent declines in AIDS mortality in the United States may have contributed to the recent outbreaks of syphilis, particularly among men who have sex with men. Our findings underscore the importance of providing STD prevention services to men with HIV infection and the need for STD surveillance in communities at risk for syphilis outbreaks. JF - Sexually Transmitted Diseases AU - Chesson, H W AU - Dee, T S AU - Aral, SO AD - CDC Mailstop E-80, 1600 Clifton Road, Atlanta, GA 30333, USA, hbc7@cdc.gov Y1 - 2003/05// PY - 2003 DA - May 2003 SP - 419 EP - 424 VL - 30 IS - 5 KW - HIV KW - man KW - Microbiology Abstracts B: Bacteriology; Virology & AIDS Abstracts KW - V 22004:AIDS: Clinical aspects KW - J 02849:Sexually-transmitted diseases UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/18779419?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologyb&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Sexually+Transmitted+Diseases&rft.atitle=AIDS+Mortality+May+Have+Contributed+to+the+Decline+in+Syphilis+Rates+in+the+United+States+in+the+1990s&rft.au=Chesson%2C+H+W%3BDee%2C+T+S%3BAral%2C+SO&rft.aulast=Chesson&rft.aufirst=H&rft.date=2003-05-01&rft.volume=30&rft.issue=5&rft.spage=419&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Sexually+Transmitted+Diseases&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Evaluation of the Vitek 2 ID-GNB Assay for Identification of Members of the Family Enterobacteriaceae and Other Nonenteric Gram-Negative Bacilli and Comparison with the Vitek GNI+ Card AN - 18759644; 5621178 AB - We evaluated the Vitek 2 ID-GNB identification card (bioMerieux, Inc., Durham, N.C.) for its ability to identify members of the family Enterobacteriaceae and other gram-negative bacilli that are isolated in clinical microbiology laboratories. Using 482 enteric stock cultures and 103 strains of oxidase-positive, gram-negative glucose-fermenting and nonfermenting bacilli that were maintained at -70 degree C and passaged three times before use, we inoculated cards according to the manufacturer's directions and processed them in a Vitek 2 instrument using version VT2-R02.03 software. All panel identifications were compared to reference identifications previously confirmed by conventional tube biochemical assays. At the end of the initial 3-h incubation period, the Vitek 2 instrument demonstrated an accuracy of 93.0% for the identification of enteric strains; 414 (85.9%) were correctly identified at probability levels ranging from excellent to good, and an additional 34 (7.1%) strains were correctly identified but at a low level of discrimination. Nineteen (3.9%) strains were unidentified, and 15 (3.1%) were misidentified. The 19 unidentified strains were scattered among 10 genera. Three of the 15 misidentified strains were lactose-positive Salmonella spp. and were identified as Escherichia coli; another was a lactose-positive, malonate- negative Salmonella enterica subsp. arizonae strain that was identified as E. coli. Of the 103 glucose-fermenting and nonfermenting nonenteric strains, 88 (85.4%) were correctly identified at probability levels ranging from excellent to good, and 10 (9.7%) were correctly identified, but at a low level of discrimination, for a total of 95.1% accuracy with this group. Two strains were unidentified and three were misidentified. The errors occurred for strains in three different genera. With the increased hands-off approach of the Vitek 2 instrument and accuracies of 93% for the identification of enteric organisms and 95.1% for the identification of nonenteric organisms with the ID-GNB card, use of this product presents an acceptable method for the identification of most gram-negative organisms commonly isolated in the clinical laboratory. A comparison of these results to those obtained by testing 454 of the same strains with the Vitek GNI+ card revealed no significant difference in the abilities of the two cards to identify these organisms accurately. JF - Journal of Clinical Microbiology AU - O'Hara, C M AU - Miller, J M AD - Epidemiology and Laboratory Branch, Division of Healthcare Quality Promotion, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Mailstop C16, Atlanta, GA 30333, cmo1@cdc.gov Y1 - 2003/05// PY - 2003 DA - May 2003 SP - 2096 EP - 2101 VL - 41 IS - 5 SN - 0095-1137, 0095-1137 KW - Microbiology Abstracts B: Bacteriology KW - J 02710:Identification, taxonomy and typing UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/18759644?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologyb&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Clinical+Microbiology&rft.atitle=Evaluation+of+the+Vitek+2+ID-GNB+Assay+for+Identification+of+Members+of+the+Family+Enterobacteriaceae+and+Other+Nonenteric+Gram-Negative+Bacilli+and+Comparison+with+the+Vitek+GNI%2B+Card&rft.au=O%27Hara%2C+C+M%3BMiller%2C+J+M&rft.aulast=O%27Hara&rft.aufirst=C&rft.date=2003-05-01&rft.volume=41&rft.issue=5&rft.spage=2096&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+Clinical+Microbiology&rft.issn=00951137&rft_id=info:doi/10.1128%2FJCM.41.5.2096-2101.2003 LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/JCM.41.5.2096-2101.2003 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Peripartum Transmission of Penicillin-Resistant Streptococcus pneumoniae AN - 18740065; 5621249 AB - Streptococcus pneumoniae is a rarely recognized cause of neonatal sepsis. We present a recent case of S. pneumoniae bacteremia acquired on the first day of life in a neonate born at 30 weeks of gestation to a mother without prenatal care who had prolonged rupture of the membranes and received intravenous ampicillin prior to delivery. The isolate was resistant to penicillin, with a MIC of the drug of 4 mu g/ml. The child responded to a 7-day course of intravenous vancomycin. S. pneumoniae was recovered from the vagina of the mother on a swab culture collected prior to delivery, and isolates from mother and child were confirmed to be identical on the basis of pulsed- field gel electrophoresis. Although neonatal sepsis due to the peripartum transmission of S. pneumoniae is rare, this case highlights the concern that increasing efforts to prevent group B streptococcus neonatal disease may lead to an increase in neonatal infections due to resistant organisms. JF - Journal of Clinical Microbiology AU - McDonald, L C AU - Bryant, K AU - Snyder, J AD - Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, 1600 Clifton Rd., MS A35, Atlanta, GA 30333, LJM3@CDC.GOV Y1 - 2003/05// PY - 2003 DA - May 2003 SP - 2258 EP - 2260 VL - 41 IS - 5 SN - 0095-1137, 0095-1137 KW - case reports KW - penicillin KW - vancomycin KW - Microbiology Abstracts B: Bacteriology KW - J 02855:Human Bacteriology: Others UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/18740065?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologyb&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Clinical+Microbiology&rft.atitle=Peripartum+Transmission+of+Penicillin-Resistant+Streptococcus+pneumoniae&rft.au=McDonald%2C+L+C%3BBryant%2C+K%3BSnyder%2C+J&rft.aulast=McDonald&rft.aufirst=L&rft.date=2003-05-01&rft.volume=41&rft.issue=5&rft.spage=2258&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+Clinical+Microbiology&rft.issn=00951137&rft_id=info:doi/10.1128%2FJCM.41.5.2258-2260.2003 LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/JCM.41.5.2258-2260.2003 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Pneumoconiosis prevalence among working coal miners examined in federal chest radiograph surveillance programs--United States, 1996-2002. AN - 73284554; 12733865 AB - Coal workers' pneumoconiosis (CWP) is a chronic lung disease caused by inhalation of coal mine dust. To characterize the prevalence of CWP, the National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH) analyzed recent radiographic information from the U.S. National Coal Workers' X-ray Surveillance Program (CWXSP). Established under the Federal Coal Mine Health and Safety Act of 1969, CWXSP is administered by NIOSH under federal regulations. NIOSH is responsible for approving coal miner examination plans, submitted approximately every 5 years by companies that operate underground coal mines. This report summarizes the results of the analysis, which indicate that the overall prevalence of CWP among participating miners continues to decline; however, new cases are occurring among miners who have worked exclusively under current dust exposure limits. An evaluation of the mining conditions that have resulted in these cases is underway. JF - MMWR. Morbidity and mortality weekly report AU - Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) AD - Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) Y1 - 2003/04/18/ PY - 2003 DA - 2003 Apr 18 SP - 336 EP - 340 VL - 52 IS - 15 SN - 0149-2195, 0149-2195 KW - Index Medicus KW - Humans KW - United States -- epidemiology KW - Prevalence KW - Pneumoconiosis -- diagnosis KW - Pneumoconiosis -- epidemiology KW - Mass Chest X-Ray KW - Coal Mining UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/73284554?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=MMWR.+Morbidity+and+mortality+weekly+report&rft.atitle=Pneumoconiosis+prevalence+among+working+coal+miners+examined+in+federal+chest+radiograph+surveillance+programs--United+States%2C+1996-2002.&rft.au=Centers+for+Disease+Control+and+Prevention+%28CDC%29&rft.aulast=Centers+for+Disease+Control+and+Prevention+%28CDC%29&rft.aufirst=&rft.date=2003-04-18&rft.volume=52&rft.issue=15&rft.spage=336&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=MMWR.+Morbidity+and+mortality+weekly+report&rft.issn=01492195&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 2003-05-09 N1 - Date created - 2003-05-07 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Preliminary FoodNet data on the incidence of foodborne illnesses--selected sites, United States, 2002. AN - 73257002; 12733866 AB - In the United States, an estimated 76 million persons contract foodborne illnesses each year. CDC's Emerging Infections Program Foodborne Diseases Active Surveillance Network (FoodNet) collects data on 10 foodborne diseases in nine U.S. sites. FoodNet follows trends in foodborne infections by using laboratory-based surveillance for culture-confirmed illness caused by several enteric pathogens commonly transmitted through food. This report describes preliminary surveillance data for 2002 and compares them with 1996-2001 data. The data indicate a sustained decrease in major bacterial foodborne illnesses such as Campylobacter and Listeria, indicating progress toward meeting the national health objectives of reducing the incidence of foodborne infections by 2010 (objectives 10-1a to 10-1d). However, the data do not indicate a sustained decline in other major foodborne infections such as Escherichia coli O157 and Salmonella, indicating that increased efforts are needed to reduce further the incidence of foodborne illnesses. JF - MMWR. Morbidity and mortality weekly report AU - Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) AD - Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) Y1 - 2003/04/18/ PY - 2003 DA - 2003 Apr 18 SP - 340 EP - 343 VL - 52 IS - 15 SN - 0149-2195, 0149-2195 KW - Index Medicus KW - Humans KW - Incidence KW - United States -- epidemiology KW - Foodborne Diseases -- epidemiology KW - Population Surveillance UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/73257002?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=MMWR.+Morbidity+and+mortality+weekly+report&rft.atitle=Preliminary+FoodNet+data+on+the+incidence+of+foodborne+illnesses--selected+sites%2C+United+States%2C+2002.&rft.au=Centers+for+Disease+Control+and+Prevention+%28CDC%29&rft.aulast=Centers+for+Disease+Control+and+Prevention+%28CDC%29&rft.aufirst=&rft.date=2003-04-18&rft.volume=52&rft.issue=15&rft.spage=340&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=MMWR.+Morbidity+and+mortality+weekly+report&rft.issn=01492195&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 2003-05-09 N1 - Date created - 2003-05-07 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Update: Adverse events following civilian smallpox vaccination--United States, 2003. AN - 73246077; 12733867 AB - During January 24-April 13, 2003, smallpox vaccine was administered to 32,644 civilian health-care and public health workers in 54 jurisdictions as part of an effort to prepare the United States for a possible terrorist attack using smallpox virus. This report updates information on all vaccine-associated adverse events among civilians vaccinated since the beginning of the vaccination program and among contacts of vaccinees, received by CDC from the Vaccine Adverse Event Reporting System (VAERS) as of April 13. JF - MMWR. Morbidity and mortality weekly report AU - Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) AD - Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) Y1 - 2003/04/18/ PY - 2003 DA - 2003 Apr 18 SP - 343 EP - 345 VL - 52 IS - 15 SN - 0149-2195, 0149-2195 KW - Smallpox Vaccine KW - 0 KW - Index Medicus KW - United States KW - Public Health Practice KW - Adverse Drug Reaction Reporting Systems KW - Humans KW - Immunization Programs KW - Vaccination -- adverse effects KW - Smallpox Vaccine -- adverse effects KW - Population Surveillance UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/73246077?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=MMWR.+Morbidity+and+mortality+weekly+report&rft.atitle=Update%3A+Adverse+events+following+civilian+smallpox+vaccination--United+States%2C+2003.&rft.au=Centers+for+Disease+Control+and+Prevention+%28CDC%29&rft.aulast=Centers+for+Disease+Control+and+Prevention+%28CDC%29&rft.aufirst=&rft.date=2003-04-18&rft.volume=52&rft.issue=15&rft.spage=343&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=MMWR.+Morbidity+and+mortality+weekly+report&rft.issn=01492195&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 2003-05-09 N1 - Date created - 2003-05-07 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Intratracheal amiodarone administration to F344 rats directly damages lung airway and parenchymal cells AN - 18746047; 5622907 AB - Amiodarone (AD) is gaining support as a first-line antiarrhythmic drug despite its potentially fatal pulmonary toxicity involving inflammation and fibrosis. We previously reported a model for this amiodarone-induced pulmonary toxicity (AIPT) in which F344 rats were intratracheally (i.t.) instilled with AD (6.25 mg/kg) in sterile water on days 0 and 2, which led to transient pulmonary inflammation and lung damage and subsequent fibrosis. The goals of this study were to determine the direct effect of the drug in the lung damage occurring after i.t. AD administration, to identify its location, and to examine its potential mechanisms. Using bronchoalveolar lavage and laser-scanning confocal microscopy, it was discovered that AD instillation produces rapid and massive damage to the alveolar-capillary barrier and damage or death to lung airway and parenchymal cells. While AD in solution was found to be capable of generating hydroxyl radicals, protection from AD-induced damage could not be obtained by incorporating water-soluble antioxidants in the drug solution. However, damage induced by free-radicals could still occur after AD partitions into lipid membranes. AD could also be directly disrupting cellular membranes via its amphiphilic structure. It is not known if the mechanism(s) of damage following i.t. AD treatment are similar to the mechanisms that underlie human AIPT. Therefore these data suggest that investigators should use caution in extrapolating results from animal studies that utilize i.t. administration of AD to human AIPT. JF - Toxicology and Applied Pharmacology AU - Taylor, MD AU - Antonini, J M AU - Roberts, J R AU - Leonard, S S AU - Shi, X AU - Gannett, P M AU - Hubbs, A F AU - Reasor, MJ AD - Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, West Virginia University, Morgantown, WV 26506, USA, MDTaylor@cdc.gov Y1 - 2003/04/15/ PY - 2003 DA - 2003 Apr 15 SP - 92 EP - 103 PB - Elsevier Science (USA) VL - 188 IS - 2 SN - 0041-008X, 0041-008X KW - intratracheal administration KW - rats KW - Toxicology Abstracts KW - X 24111:Acute exposure UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/18746047?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxicologyabstracts&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Toxicology+and+Applied+Pharmacology&rft.atitle=Intratracheal+amiodarone+administration+to+F344+rats+directly+damages+lung+airway+and+parenchymal+cells&rft.au=Taylor%2C+MD%3BAntonini%2C+J+M%3BRoberts%2C+J+R%3BLeonard%2C+S+S%3BShi%2C+X%3BGannett%2C+P+M%3BHubbs%2C+A+F%3BReasor%2C+MJ&rft.aulast=Taylor&rft.aufirst=MD&rft.date=2003-04-15&rft.volume=188&rft.issue=2&rft.spage=92&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Toxicology+and+Applied+Pharmacology&rft.issn=0041008X&rft_id=info:doi/10.1016%2FS0041-008X%2802%2900034-0 LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0041-008X(02)00034-0 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Update on adverse events following civilian smallpox vaccination--United States, 2003. AN - 73280769; 12731703 AB - During January 24-April 4, 2003, smallpox vaccine was administered to 31,297 civilian health-care and public health workers in 54 jurisdictions as part of an effort to prepare the United States for a possible terrorist attack using smallpox virus. This report updates information on all vaccine-associated adverse events among civilians vaccinated since the beginning of the smallpox vaccination program and among contacts of vaccinees, received by CDC from the Vaccine Adverse Event Reporting System (VAERS) as of April 4. JF - MMWR. Morbidity and mortality weekly report AU - Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) AD - Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) Y1 - 2003/04/11/ PY - 2003 DA - 2003 Apr 11 SP - 313 EP - 315 VL - 52 IS - 14 SN - 0149-2195, 0149-2195 KW - Smallpox Vaccine KW - 0 KW - Index Medicus KW - Adverse Drug Reaction Reporting Systems KW - Humans KW - Middle Aged KW - Vaccination -- adverse effects KW - Vaccinia -- etiology KW - United States -- epidemiology KW - Male KW - Female KW - Population Surveillance KW - Myocardial Infarction -- etiology KW - Myocarditis -- etiology KW - Smallpox Vaccine -- adverse effects KW - Pericarditis -- etiology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/73280769?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=MMWR.+Morbidity+and+mortality+weekly+report&rft.atitle=Update+on+adverse+events+following+civilian+smallpox+vaccination--United+States%2C+2003.&rft.au=Centers+for+Disease+Control+and+Prevention+%28CDC%29&rft.aulast=Centers+for+Disease+Control+and+Prevention+%28CDC%29&rft.aufirst=&rft.date=2003-04-11&rft.volume=52&rft.issue=14&rft.spage=313&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=MMWR.+Morbidity+and+mortality+weekly+report&rft.issn=01492195&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 2003-05-07 N1 - Date created - 2003-05-06 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Observational survey of smoking provisions in food service establishments--Southeast Health District, Georgia, 2001. AN - 73276078; 12731701 AB - In the United States, approximately 38,000 deaths are attributable to second hand smoke (SHS) exposure each year. One of the national health objectives for 2010 is to reduce public exposure to environmental tobacco smoke (ETS) (objective 27.10). To reduce public exposure to ETS, CDC recommends smoking bans and restrictions in public places. Some of the highest reported exposures to concentrations of SHS are found in food service establishments; however, Georgia does not have a state law prohibiting smoking in these places. In March 2001, the director of Georgia's Southeast Health District requested assistance from the state health department in developing a surveillance system of smoking provisions in food service establishments. This report summarizes an observational survey of smoking provisions in food service establishments of Georgia's Southeast Health District in 2001, which found that although 69.4% (506) of all surveyed establishments were completely smoke free, the remaining establishments failed to provide several physical modifications designed to minimize ETS exposure. Public health officials in the Southeast Health District will use survey results to target interventions toward establishments lacking ETS-minimizing provisions. JF - MMWR. Morbidity and mortality weekly report AU - Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) AD - Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) Y1 - 2003/04/11/ PY - 2003 DA - 2003 Apr 11 SP - 307 EP - 309 VL - 52 IS - 14 SN - 0149-2195, 0149-2195 KW - Tobacco Smoke Pollution KW - 0 KW - Index Medicus KW - Georgia -- epidemiology KW - Humans KW - Catchment Area (Health) KW - Tobacco Smoke Pollution -- prevention & control KW - Restaurants -- statistics & numerical data KW - Smoking -- prevention & control UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/73276078?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=MMWR.+Morbidity+and+mortality+weekly+report&rft.atitle=Observational+survey+of+smoking+provisions+in+food+service+establishments--Southeast+Health+District%2C+Georgia%2C+2001.&rft.au=Centers+for+Disease+Control+and+Prevention+%28CDC%29&rft.aulast=Centers+for+Disease+Control+and+Prevention+%28CDC%29&rft.aufirst=&rft.date=2003-04-11&rft.volume=52&rft.issue=14&rft.spage=307&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=MMWR.+Morbidity+and+mortality+weekly+report&rft.issn=01492195&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 2003-05-07 N1 - Date created - 2003-05-06 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Rectal use of nonoxynol-9 among men who have sex with men. AN - 73129798; 12660538 AB - To assess recent rectal use of nonoxynol-9 (N-9), intent to use the product, and factors associated with N-9 use among men who have sex with men (MSM). Cross-sectional survey of a diverse sample of MSM in the San Francisco Bay Area. Recruitment conducted at multiple street locations on various days/times or through referral during the Fall of 2001. Sixty-one percent (349/573) had heard of N-9, of which 55% (192/349) reported hearing in the prior year that N-9 may not be protective against HIV. Of men aware of N-9, 83% (289/349) knowingly used it in their lifetime, of which 67% (193/289) used it during anal intercourse in the previous year. Forty-one percent (79/193) of those who used N-9 during anal intercourse in the past year did so without a condom because they thought it may protect against HIV. Older men were more likely than younger men to have used N-9 for protection. Men who heard that N-9 may not protect were less likely, and African-Americans (versus Caucasians) were more likely, to say they would definitely use N-9 during anal intercourse in the future. Latinos (versus Caucasians), those with unknown HIV serostatus (versus HIV-negative), and those with lower education were less likely to know about N-9 at all, and thus were at risk for unknowingly using N-9. Many MSM used N-9 during or following public health warnings about the product. Actions (e.g., information campaigns, warning labels specific to rectal use) should be considered by communities to reduce rectal use of N-9. JF - AIDS (London, England) AU - Mansergh, Gordon AU - Marks, Gary AU - Rader, Melissa AU - Colfax, Grant N AU - Buchbinder, Susan AD - Epidemiology Branch, Division of HIV/AIDS Prevention, National Center for HIV, STD and TB Prevention, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), Atlanta, Georgia 30333, USA. Y1 - 2003/04/11/ PY - 2003 DA - 2003 Apr 11 SP - 905 EP - 909 VL - 17 IS - 6 SN - 0269-9370, 0269-9370 KW - Spermatocidal Agents KW - 0 KW - Nonoxynol KW - 26027-38-3 KW - Index Medicus KW - AIDS/HIV KW - Infectious Disease Transmission, Vertical -- prevention & control KW - Condoms -- utilization KW - Age Factors KW - Humans KW - Administration, Rectal KW - Drug Utilization KW - California KW - Cross-Sectional Studies KW - Risk Factors KW - Adult KW - Health Knowledge, Attitudes, Practice KW - Adolescent KW - Male KW - Nonoxynol -- administration & dosage KW - HIV Infections -- transmission KW - HIV Infections -- prevention & control KW - Spermatocidal Agents -- administration & dosage KW - Homosexuality, Male -- psychology KW - Sexual Behavior -- statistics & numerical data UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/73129798?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=AIDS+%28London%2C+England%29&rft.atitle=Rectal+use+of+nonoxynol-9+among+men+who+have+sex+with+men.&rft.au=Mansergh%2C+Gordon%3BMarks%2C+Gary%3BRader%2C+Melissa%3BColfax%2C+Grant+N%3BBuchbinder%2C+Susan&rft.aulast=Mansergh&rft.aufirst=Gordon&rft.date=2003-04-11&rft.volume=17&rft.issue=6&rft.spage=905&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=AIDS+%28London%2C+England%29&rft.issn=02699370&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 2003-05-28 N1 - Date created - 2003-03-27 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Blood mercury levels in US children and women of childbearing age, 1999-2000. AN - 73154642; 12672735 AB - Humans are exposed to methylmercury, a well-established neurotoxin, through fish consumption. The fetus is most sensitive to the adverse effects of exposure. The extent of exposure to methylmercury in US women of reproductive age is not known. To describe the distribution of blood mercury levels in US children and women of childbearing age and the association with sociodemographic characteristics and fish consumption. The 1999-2000 data from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey, a cross-sectional survey of the noninstitutionalized US population. In 1999-2000, 1250 children aged 1 to 5 years and 2314 women aged 16 to 49 years were selected to participate in the survey. Household interviews, physical examinations, and blood mercury levels assessments were performed on 705 children (56% response rate) and 1709 women (74% response rate). Blood concentration of total mercury. Blood mercury levels were approximately 3-fold higher in women compared with children. The geometric mean concentration of total blood mercury was 0.34 micro g/L (95% confidence interval [CI], 0.30-0.39 microg/L) in children and 1.02 microg/L (95% CI, 0.85-1.20 microg/L) in women. Geometric mean mercury levels were almost 4-fold higher among women who ate 3 or more servings of fish in the past 30 days compared with women who ate no fish in that period (1.94 microg/L vs 0.51 microg/L; P<.001). Measures of mercury exposure in women of childbearing age and young children generally fall below levels of concern. However, approximately 8% of women had concentrations higher than the US Environmental Protection Agency's recommended reference dose (5.8 microg/L), below which exposures are considered to be without adverse effects. Women who are pregnant or who intend to become pregnant should follow federal and state advisories on consumption of fish. JF - JAMA AU - Schober, Susan E AU - Sinks, Thomas H AU - Jones, Robert L AU - Bolger, P Michael AU - McDowell, Margaret AU - Osterloh, John AU - Garrett, E Spencer AU - Canady, Richard A AU - Dillon, Charles F AU - Sun, Yu AU - Joseph, Catherine B AU - Mahaffey, Kathryn R AD - National Center for Health Statistics, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Hyattsville, Md 20782, USA. sschober@cdc.gov Y1 - 2003/04/02/ PY - 2003 DA - 2003 Apr 02 SP - 1667 EP - 1674 VL - 289 IS - 13 SN - 0098-7484, 0098-7484 KW - Methylmercury Compounds KW - 0 KW - Mercury KW - FXS1BY2PGL KW - Abridged Index Medicus KW - Index Medicus KW - Humans KW - Nutrition Surveys KW - Methylmercury Compounds -- metabolism KW - Child, Preschool KW - Demography KW - Infant KW - Cross-Sectional Studies KW - Adult KW - Middle Aged KW - Adolescent KW - United States -- epidemiology KW - Female KW - Male KW - Mercury -- blood KW - Environmental Exposure -- statistics & numerical data KW - Seafood UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/73154642?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=JAMA&rft.atitle=Blood+mercury+levels+in+US+children+and+women+of+childbearing+age%2C+1999-2000.&rft.au=Schober%2C+Susan+E%3BSinks%2C+Thomas+H%3BJones%2C+Robert+L%3BBolger%2C+P+Michael%3BMcDowell%2C+Margaret%3BOsterloh%2C+John%3BGarrett%2C+E+Spencer%3BCanady%2C+Richard+A%3BDillon%2C+Charles+F%3BSun%2C+Yu%3BJoseph%2C+Catherine+B%3BMahaffey%2C+Kathryn+R&rft.aulast=Schober&rft.aufirst=Susan&rft.date=2003-04-02&rft.volume=289&rft.issue=13&rft.spage=1667&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=JAMA&rft.issn=00987484&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 2003-04-15 N1 - Date created - 2003-04-03 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Weight loss counseling revisited. AN - 85264955; pmid-12684339 JF - JAMA AU - Serdula, Mary K AU - Khan, Laura Kettel AU - Dietz, William H AD - Division of Nutrition and Physical Activity, Chronic Disease Nutrition Branch, National Center for Chronic Disease Prevention and Health Promotion, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Ga 30341-37117, USA. PY - 2003 SP - 1747 EP - 1750 VL - 289 IS - 14 SN - 0098-7484, 0098-7484 KW - Obesity KW - Human KW - Algorithms KW - Program Development KW - Chronic Disease KW - Risk Assessment KW - Weight Loss KW - Counseling UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/85264955?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Acomdisdome&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=JAMA&rft.atitle=Weight+loss+counseling+revisited.&rft.au=Serdula%2C+Mary+K%3BKhan%2C+Laura+Kettel%3BDietz%2C+William+H&rft.aulast=Serdula&rft.aufirst=Mary&rft.date=2003-04-01&rft.volume=289&rft.issue=14&rft.spage=1747&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=JAMA&rft.issn=00987484&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - eng DB - ComDisDome N1 - Last updated - 2010-05-07 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Vaccinations and risk of central nervous system demyelinating diseases in adults. AN - 73229913; 12707063 AB - Several case reports of the onset or exacerbation of multiple sclerosis or other demyelinating conditions shortly after vaccination have suggested that vaccines may increase the risk of demyelinating diseases. To evaluate the association between vaccination and onset of multiple sclerosis or optic neuritis. Case-control study involving cases of multiple sclerosis or optic neuritis among adults 18 to 49 years of age. Data on vaccinations and other risk factors were obtained from computerized and paper medical records and from telephone interviews. Three health maintenance organizations. Four hundred forty case subjects and 950 control subjects matched on health maintenance organization, sex, and date of birth. None. Onset of first symptoms of demyelinating disease at any time after vaccination and during specified intervals after vaccination (5 years). Cases and controls had similar vaccination histories. The odds ratios (95% confidence intervals), adjusted for potential confounding variables, of the associations between ever having been vaccinated and risk of demyelinating disease (multiple sclerosis and optic neuritis combined) were 0.9 (0.6-1.5) for hepatitis B vaccine; 0.6 (0.4-0.8) for tetanus vaccination; 0.8 (0.6-1.2) for influenza vaccine; 0.8 (0.5-1.5) for measles, mumps, rubella vaccine; 0.9 (0.5-1.4) for measles vaccine; and 0.7 (0.4-1.0) for rubella vaccine. The results were similar when multiple sclerosis and optic neuritis were analyzed separately. There was no increased risk according to timing of vaccination. Vaccination against hepatitis B, influenza, tetanus, measles, or rubella is not associated with an increased risk of multiple sclerosis or optic neuritis. JF - Archives of neurology AU - DeStefano, Frank AU - Verstraeten, Thomas AU - Jackson, Lisa A AU - Okoro, Catherine A AU - Benson, Patti AU - Black, Steven B AU - Shinefield, Henry R AU - Mullooly, John P AU - Likosky, William AU - Chen, Robert T AU - Vaccine Safety Datalink Research Group, National Immunization Program, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention AD - National Immunization Program, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA 30333, USA. fdestefano@cdc.gov ; Vaccine Safety Datalink Research Group, National Immunization Program, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention Y1 - 2003/04// PY - 2003 DA - April 2003 SP - 504 EP - 509 VL - 60 IS - 4 SN - 0003-9942, 0003-9942 KW - Hepatitis B Vaccines KW - 0 KW - Influenza Vaccines KW - Measles Vaccine KW - Measles-Mumps-Rubella Vaccine KW - Rubella Vaccine KW - Tetanus Toxoid KW - Vaccines KW - Abridged Index Medicus KW - Index Medicus KW - United States KW - Odds Ratio KW - Humans KW - Rubella Vaccine -- administration & dosage KW - Hepatitis B Vaccines -- administration & dosage KW - Influenza Vaccines -- adverse effects KW - Risk Assessment KW - Tetanus Toxoid -- adverse effects KW - Health Maintenance Organizations KW - Measles-Mumps-Rubella Vaccine -- adverse effects KW - Logistic Models KW - Risk Factors KW - Adult KW - Case-Control Studies KW - Hepatitis B Vaccines -- adverse effects KW - Rubella Vaccine -- adverse effects KW - Measles Vaccine -- administration & dosage KW - Adolescent KW - Time Factors KW - Tetanus Toxoid -- administration & dosage KW - Female KW - Influenza Vaccines -- administration & dosage KW - Male KW - Measles-Mumps-Rubella Vaccine -- administration & dosage KW - Vaccines -- adverse effects KW - Multiple Sclerosis -- chemically induced KW - Vaccines -- administration & dosage KW - Optic Neuritis -- immunology KW - Multiple Sclerosis -- immunology KW - Optic Neuritis -- chemically induced UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/73229913?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Archives+of+neurology&rft.atitle=Vaccinations+and+risk+of+central+nervous+system+demyelinating+diseases+in+adults.&rft.au=DeStefano%2C+Frank%3BVerstraeten%2C+Thomas%3BJackson%2C+Lisa+A%3BOkoro%2C+Catherine+A%3BBenson%2C+Patti%3BBlack%2C+Steven+B%3BShinefield%2C+Henry+R%3BMullooly%2C+John+P%3BLikosky%2C+William%3BChen%2C+Robert+T%3BVaccine+Safety+Datalink+Research+Group%2C+National+Immunization+Program%2C+Centers+for+Disease+Control+and+Prevention&rft.aulast=DeStefano&rft.aufirst=Frank&rft.date=2003-04-01&rft.volume=60&rft.issue=4&rft.spage=504&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Archives+of+neurology&rft.issn=00039942&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 2003-05-07 N1 - Date created - 2003-04-22 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Comparison of discharge silver concentrations from electrolytic plating and metallic replacement silver recovery units. AN - 73221077; 12708507 AB - Silver-based photographic X-ray film is made of solid crystals of silver chloride or silver bromide suspended in a gelatin and then coated on a film. During the X-ray developing process, the image is processed and the nonimage areas containing solid silver chloride or silver bromide crystals are removed in a solution called the fixer. There may be local environmental regulations that regulate the amount of silver discharged from a facility. To meet these regulations, many facilities have added silver recovery units to their processes. Two different types of recovery processes are in use in a large hospital and three clinics under study. All of the units were claimed by their respective manufacturers to be able to recover silver down to concentrations of 5 mg/L. This concentration would ensure that the building that houses each unit would meet the local county limit of 0.5 mg/L silver for total building silver discharge. The hypothesis for this research is that one system, newer and more expensive, consisting of so-called electrolytic plating units (EPUs) (which are followed by so-called metallic replacement units [MRUs] as a backup), will have better silver recovery than MRUs alone. A total of six units were sampled, three EPUs (in combination with MRUs) and three MRUs. The units were sampled once or twice a day for 10 days for a total of 17 samples from each. The samples then were analyzed by inductively coupled plasma spectroscopy, and an analysis of variance was performed on the results. The range for the electrolytic plating unit/metallic replacement unit combinations was 0.20-99.9 mg/L (mean of 35.15 mg/L; median of 33.8 mg/L). The range for the MRUs alone was 7.2-1112 mg/L (mean of 565.5 mg/L; median of 720 mg/L). Many individual results exceeded 5 mg/L, such that extensive dilution would be required to ensure the building effluent did not exceed 0.5 mg/L. It is suggested that the metallic replacement units be changed to EPUs (with metallic replacement backup units) because they had better silver recovery. Also, the EPU combinations need to be sampled regularly to ensure that their silver concentrations are at acceptable levels. JF - Journal of the Air & Waste Management Association (1995) AU - Harper, Martin AU - Siegel, Julie M AD - Department of Environmental Health Sciences, School of Public Health, University of Alabama, Birmingham, Alabama, USA. mharper@cdc.gov Y1 - 2003/04// PY - 2003 DA - April 2003 SP - 434 EP - 441 VL - 53 IS - 4 SN - 1096-2247, 1096-2247 KW - Industrial Waste KW - 0 KW - Silver KW - 3M4G523W1G KW - Index Medicus KW - Environmental Pollution -- prevention & control KW - Cost-Benefit Analysis KW - Photography KW - Silver -- analysis KW - Conservation of Natural Resources -- economics KW - Electroplating UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/73221077?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+the+Air+%26+Waste+Management+Association+%281995%29&rft.atitle=Comparison+of+discharge+silver+concentrations+from+electrolytic+plating+and+metallic+replacement+silver+recovery+units.&rft.au=Harper%2C+Martin%3BSiegel%2C+Julie+M&rft.aulast=Harper&rft.aufirst=Martin&rft.date=2003-04-01&rft.volume=53&rft.issue=4&rft.spage=434&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+the+Air+%26+Waste+Management+Association+%281995%29&rft.issn=10962247&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 2003-05-13 N1 - Date created - 2003-04-23 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Counterterrorism planning using the Hazardous Substances Events Surveillance system. AN - 73197791; 12704318 AB - The Hazardous Substances Emergency Events Surveillance (HSEES) system was developed in 1990 and is maintained by the Agency for Toxic Substances and Disease Registry, a public health agency within the United States Department of Health and Human Services. HSEES data can be used for hazard vulnerability assessments. Baseline patterns of hazardous substance releases can be used by local emergency planning committees to (1) identify substances that cause serious injuries, (2) improve monitoring and control of access, and (3) assess the preparedness of responding agencies. HSEES is an active surveillance system that can be useful in the early detection of unusual occurrences involving hazardous substances. JF - Disaster management & response : DMR : an official publication of the Emergency Nurses Association AU - Manassaram, Deana M AU - Orr, Maureen F AU - Kaye, Wendy E AD - Division of Health Studies/Epidemiology and Surveillance Branch, Agency for Toxic Substances and Disease Registry, Atlanta, Georgia 30333, USA. dmanassaram@cdc.gov PY - 2003 SP - 35 EP - 40 VL - 1 IS - 2 SN - 1540-2487, 1540-2487 KW - Chemical Warfare Agents KW - 0 KW - Hazardous Substances KW - Nursing KW - Wounds and Injuries -- epidemiology KW - Wounds and Injuries -- etiology KW - Humans KW - United States -- epidemiology KW - Registries KW - Disaster Planning -- statistics & numerical data KW - Sentinel Surveillance KW - Hazardous Substances -- adverse effects KW - Bioterrorism UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/73197791?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Disaster+management+%26+response+%3A+DMR+%3A+an+official+publication+of+the+Emergency+Nurses+Association&rft.atitle=Counterterrorism+planning+using+the+Hazardous+Substances+Events+Surveillance+system.&rft.au=Manassaram%2C+Deana+M%3BOrr%2C+Maureen+F%3BKaye%2C+Wendy+E&rft.aulast=Manassaram&rft.aufirst=Deana&rft.date=2003-04-01&rft.volume=1&rft.issue=2&rft.spage=35&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Disaster+management+%26+response+%3A+DMR+%3A+an+official+publication+of+the+Emergency+Nurses+Association&rft.issn=15402487&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 2003-06-03 N1 - Date created - 2003-04-21 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - An occupational reproductive research agenda for the third millennium. AN - 73169114; 12676620 AB - There is a significant public health concern about the potential effects of occupational exposure to toxic substances on reproductive outcomes. Several toxicants with reported reproductive and developmental effects are still in regular commercial or therapeutic use and thus present potential exposure to workers. Examples of these include heavy metals, organic solvents, pesticides and herbicides, and sterilants, anesthetic gases, and anticancer drugs used in health care. Many other substances are suspected of producing reproductive or developmental toxicity but lack sufficient data. Progress has been limited in identifying hazards and quantifying their potencies and in separating the contribution of these hazards from other etiologic factors. Identifying the causative agents, mechanisms by which they act, and any potential target populations, present the opportunity to intervene and protect the reproductive health of workers. The pace of laboratory studies to identify hazards and to underpin the biologic plausibility of effects in humans has not matched the pace at which new chemicals are introduced into commerce. Though many research challenges exist today, recent technologic and methodologic advances have been made that allow researchers to overcome some of these obstacles. The objective of this article is to recommend future directions in occupational reproductive health research. By bridging interdisciplinary gaps, the scientific community can work together to improve health and reduce adverse outcomes. JF - Environmental health perspectives AU - Lawson, Christina C AU - Schnorr, Teresa M AU - Daston, George P AU - Grajewski, Barbara AU - Marcus, Michele AU - McDiarmid, Melissa AU - Murono, Eisuke AU - Perreault, Sally D AU - Schrader, Steven M AU - Shelby, Michael AD - National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Cincinnati, Ohio 45226, USA. clawson@cdc.gov Y1 - 2003/04// PY - 2003 DA - April 2003 SP - 584 EP - 592 VL - 111 IS - 4 SN - 0091-6765, 0091-6765 KW - Xenobiotics KW - 0 KW - Index Medicus KW - Humans KW - Communication KW - Forecasting KW - Occupational Health KW - Xenobiotics -- adverse effects KW - Reproduction KW - Research Design UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/73169114?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=MMWR.+Morbidity+and+mortality+weekly+report&rft.atitle=Motivational+intervention+to+reduce+alcohol-exposed+pregnancies--Florida%2C+Texas%2C+and+Virginia%2C+1997-2001.&rft.au=Centers+for+Disease+Control+and+Prevention+%28CDC%29&rft.aulast=Centers+for+Disease+Control+and+Prevention+%28CDC%29&rft.aufirst=&rft.date=2003-05-16&rft.volume=52&rft.issue=19&rft.spage=441&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=MMWR.+Morbidity+and+mortality+weekly+report&rft.issn=01492195&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 2003-07-15 N1 - Date created - 2003-04-04 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - SuppNotes - Cited By: Lancet. 1998 Oct 10;352(9135):1172-7 [9777833] Science. 1998 Oct 23;282(5389):682-9 [9784121] Mutat Res. 1998 Dec 3;422(2):203-5 [9838116] Fertil Steril. 1999 Jan;71(1):40-9 [9935114] JAMA. 1999 Mar 24-31;281(12):1106-9 [10188661] Obstet Gynecol Surv. 1992 Oct;47(10):679-87 [1475068] J Toxicol Environ Health. 1993 Oct-Nov;40(2-3):423-33 [8230313] Environ Health Perspect. 1993 Jul;101 Suppl 2:175-80 [8243388] Am J Ind Med. 1994 Mar;25(3):403-15 [8160658] Mutat Res. 1994 Oct-Dec;313(2-3):153-64 [7523900] J Androl. 2000 Jan-Feb;21(1):145-53 [10670528] J Am Med Womens Assoc. 2000 Spring;55(2):80-3, 105 [10808657] Int J Androl. 2000 Jun;23(3):136-44 [10844538] Scand J Work Environ Health. 1999;25 Suppl 1:17-9 [10235400] Am J Ind Med. 1999 Jun;35(6):543-53 [10332507] Am J Ind Med. 1999 Nov;36(5):573-8 [10506739] Clin Perinatol. 1986 Sep;13(3):545-54 [2945687] Br J Ind Med. 1988 Mar;45(3):193-7 [3348995] Obstet Gynecol. 1988 Jun;71(6 Pt 1):921-38 [3285273] N Engl J Med. 1988 Jul 28;319(4):189-94 [3393170] Br J Ind Med. 1988 Sep;45(9):577-80 [3052569] Am J Hum Genet. 1989 May;44(5):646-51 [2523192] Toxicol Pathol. 1989;17(2):364-76 [2675287] Br J Ind Med. 1989 Jun;46(6):399-406 [2818974] Chronobiologia. 1989 Oct-Dec;16(4):353-63 [2516793] Br J Ind Med. 1991 Jun;48(6):375-81 [2064975] Environ Health Perspect. 1991 Aug;94:143-6 [1954925] Reprod Toxicol. 1988;2(3-4):183-90 [2980344] Reprod Toxicol. 1988;2(3-4):191-8 [2980345] Reprod Toxicol. 1992;6(3):267-73 [1591485] Reprod Toxicol. 1992;6(3):275-9 [1591486] Reprod Toxicol. 2000 Jul-Aug;14(4):293-301 [10908832] Biol Reprod. 2000 Sep;63(3):925-32 [10952940] Endocrinology. 2000 Sep;141(9):3510-3 [10965925] Am J Hum Genet. 2000 Oct;67(4):862-72 [10961911] Andrologia. 2000 Sep;32(4-5):247-54 [11021516] Environ Health Perspect. 2000 Sep;108(9):803-13 [11017884] J Occup Environ Med. 2000 Oct;42(10):993-1005 [11039163] Environ Health Perspect. 2000 Oct;108(10):979-82 [11049818] Am J Epidemiol. 2000 Oct 15;152(8):693-700 [11052546] Hum Reprod. 2001 Feb;16(2):250-8 [11157815] Science. 2001 Feb 16;291(5507):1304-51 [11181995] Nature. 2001 Feb 15;409(6822):860-921 [11237011] Public Health Rep. 2001;116 Suppl 1:32-40 [11889273] Environ Health Perspect. 2002 Aug;110(8):805-11 [12153763] J Occup Environ Med. 2002 Oct;44(10):947-55 [12391774] Lancet. 1977 Dec 17;2(8051):1259-61 [73955] J Occup Med. 1983 May;25(5):394-402 [6854429] J Occup Med. 1984 Sep;26(9):676-8 [6481503] J Epidemiol Community Health. 1985 Jun;39(2):129-34 [4040151] J Occup Med. 1985 Jun;27(6):427-38 [4020501] Clin Obstet Gynecol. 1994 Sep;37(3):625-34 [7955649] Am J Epidemiol. 1995 Apr 1;141(7):629-36 [7702037] MMWR Morb Mortal Wkly Rep. 1995 Sep 22;44(37):694-9 [7666849] Am J Ind Med. 1995 Dec;28(6):783-97 [8588564] Am J Ind Med. 1995 Dec;28(6):799-815 [8588565] Am J Hum Genet. 1996 Mar;58(3):551-61 [8644715] Environ Health Perspect. 1996 Apr;104(4):408-13 [8732951] Reprod Toxicol. 1996 May-Jun;10(3):237-44 [8738562] Fertil Steril. 1996 Mar;65(3):503-9 [8774277] Am J Ind Med. 1996 Jan;29(1):49-57 [8808042] Am J Ind Med. 1996 Jan;29(1):59-65 [8808043] J Occup Environ Med. 1996 Jan;38(1):83-90 [8871336] Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev. 1996 Nov;5(11):923-8 [8922302] Hum Reprod. 1996 Oct;11(10):2090-6 [8943508] Am J Reprod Immunol. 1997 Jan;37(1):111-7 [9138444] Reprod Toxicol. 1997 Mar-Jun;11(2-3):267-9 [9100300] Reprod Toxicol. 1997 Mar-Jun;11(2-3):261-3 [9221034] Fundam Appl Toxicol. 1997 Aug;38(2):129-42 [9299186] Curr Top Dev Biol. 1998;37:383-406 [9352193] Science. 1997 Oct 24;278(5338):569-70 [9381162] Epidemiol Rev. 1997;19(1):175-80 [9360914] Science. 1997 Nov 28;278(5343):1580-1 [9411782] Environ Mol Mutagen. 1997;30(4):410-7 [9435882] Am J Ind Med. 1998 Feb;33(2):123-30 [9438045] Environ Health Perspect. 1997 Oct;105(10):1116-24 [9353176] Am J Med Genet. 1998 Feb 3;75(4):419-23 [9482651] Fam Plann Perspect. 1998 Jan-Feb;30(1):34-42 [9494814] Am J Epidemiol. 1998 Jun 1;147(11):1071-80 [9620051] Environ Health Perspect. 1998 Jul;106(7):365-8 [9637792] Am J Epidemiol. 1998 Jul 1;148(1):1-3 [9663396] J Androl. 1998 Jul-Aug;19(4):385-93 [9733139] N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Thirteen-week inhalation toxicity of N,N-dimethylformamide in F344/N rats and B6C3F1 mice. AN - 73137393; 12655034 AB - Male and female F-344 rats and B6C3F1 mice (10/sex/group) were exposed to N,N-dimethylformamide (DMF) by whole body inhalation exposure at 0, 50, 100, 200, 400, or 800 ppm, 6 h/day, 5 days/week, for 13 weeks. A concentration-dependent depression in body weight occurred in rats of both sexes at 400 (6-11%) and 800 ppm (20-22%). In contrast, all weight changes in both sexes of mice were within 10% of controls. No rats died, while 5 mice died from nonexposure-related causes. Relative liver weights were significantly increased at all DMF concentrations in both sexes and both species. Activities of serum sorbitol dehydrogenase (SDH) were statistically increased in male and female rats (200 to 800 ppm) on study days 4, 24, and 91 (13 weeks). Activities of alanine aminotransferase (ALT) and isocitrate dehydrogenase (ICD) were statistically increased in both sexes of rats exposed to 800 ppm DMF at all time points. Cholesterol (CHOL) levels were statistically increased in male and female rats (50-800 ppm) at all sampling time points. Levels of total bile acids (TBA) were statistically increased in both sexes of rats (400-800 ppm) on days 24 and 91. Centrilobular hepatocellular necrosis (minimal to moderate) was seen in rats of both sexes exposed at 400 and 800 ppm, with the lesions more severe in females. Centrilobular hepatocellular hypertrophy (minimal to mild) was found in all groups of DMF-exposed male mice, and in female mice exposed at 100-800 ppm. For male and female rats the no-observed-adverse-effect concentration (NOAEC) for microscopic liver injury was 200 ppm. The NOAEC was 50 ppm for female mice, but an NOAEC based upon the absence of microscopic liver injury was not determined in male mice. JF - Toxicological sciences : an official journal of the Society of Toxicology AU - Lynch, D W AU - Placke, M E AU - Persing, R L AU - Ryan, M J AD - Biomonitoring and Health Assessment Branch, Division of Applied Research and Technology, National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, 4676 Columbia Parkway, Cincinnati, Ohio 45226-1998, USA. dlynch@cdc.gov Y1 - 2003/04// PY - 2003 DA - April 2003 SP - 347 EP - 358 VL - 72 IS - 2 SN - 1096-6080, 1096-6080 KW - Solvents KW - 0 KW - Dimethylformamide KW - 8696NH0Y2X KW - Cholesterol KW - 97C5T2UQ7J KW - L-Iditol 2-Dehydrogenase KW - EC 1.1.1.14 KW - Isocitrate Dehydrogenase KW - EC 1.1.1.41 KW - Alanine Transaminase KW - EC 2.6.1.2 KW - Index Medicus KW - Animals KW - Isocitrate Dehydrogenase -- blood KW - Liver -- pathology KW - Dose-Response Relationship, Drug KW - Mice KW - Rats KW - Mice, Inbred Strains KW - Cholesterol -- blood KW - Rats, Inbred F344 KW - Necrosis KW - Alanine Transaminase -- blood KW - No-Observed-Adverse-Effect Level KW - L-Iditol 2-Dehydrogenase -- blood KW - Liver -- drug effects KW - Body Weight -- drug effects KW - Administration, Inhalation KW - Female KW - Male KW - Organ Size -- drug effects KW - Solvents -- toxicity KW - Solvents -- administration & dosage KW - Dimethylformamide -- toxicity KW - Dimethylformamide -- administration & dosage UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/73137393?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Toxicological+sciences+%3A+an+official+journal+of+the+Society+of+Toxicology&rft.atitle=Thirteen-week+inhalation+toxicity+of+N%2CN-dimethylformamide+in+F344%2FN+rats+and+B6C3F1+mice.&rft.au=Lynch%2C+D+W%3BPlacke%2C+M+E%3BPersing%2C+R+L%3BRyan%2C+M+J&rft.aulast=Lynch&rft.aufirst=D&rft.date=2003-04-01&rft.volume=72&rft.issue=2&rft.spage=347&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Toxicological+sciences+%3A+an+official+journal+of+the+Society+of+Toxicology&rft.issn=10966080&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 2003-09-26 N1 - Date created - 2003-03-27 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Vanadium-induced apoptosis and pulmonary inflammation in mice: Role of reactive oxygen species. AN - 73036281; 12599213 AB - Pulmonary exposure to metals and metal-containing compounds is associated with pulmonary inflammation, cell death, and tissue injury. The present study uses a mouse model to investigate vanadium-induced apoptosis and lung inflammation, and the role of reactive oxygen species (ROS) in this process. Aspiration of the pentavalent form of vanadium, V (V), caused a rapid influx of polymorphonuclear leukocytes into the pulmonary airspace with a peak inflammatory response at 6 h post-exposure and resolution by 72 h. During this period, the number of apoptotic lung cells which were predominantly neutrophils increased considerably with a peak response at 24 h accompanied by no or minimum necrosis. After 24 h when the V (V)-induced inflammation was in the resolution phase, an increased influx of macrophages and engulfment of apoptotic bodies by these phagocytes was observed, supporting the role of macrophages in apoptotic cell clearance and resolution of V (V)-induced lung inflammation. Electron spin resonance (ESR) studies using lavaged alveolar macrophages showed the formation of ROS, including O(2)(*-), H(2)O(2), and (*)OH radicals which were confirmed by inhibition with free radical scavengers. The mechanism of ROS generation induced by V (V) involved the activation of an NADPH oxidase complex and the mitochondrial electron transport chain. The ROS scavenger, catalase (H(2)O(2) scavenger), effectively inhibited both lung cell apoptosis and the inflammatory response, whereas superoxide dismutase (SOD) (O(2)(*-) scavenger) and the metal chelator, deferoxamine (inhibitor of (*)OH generation by Fenton-like reactions) had lesser effects. These results indicate that multiple oxidative species are involved in V (V)-induced lung inflammation and apoptosis, and that H(2)O(2) plays a major role in this process. JF - Journal of cellular physiology AU - Wang, Liying AU - Medan, Djordje AU - Mercer, Robert AU - Overmiller, Dean AU - Leornard, Stephen AU - Castranova, Vincent AU - Shi, Xianglin AU - Ding, Min AU - Huang, Chuanshu AU - Rojanasakul, Yon AD - Pathology and Physiology Research Branch, National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, Morgantown, West Virginia 26505, USA. lmw6@cdc.gov Y1 - 2003/04// PY - 2003 DA - April 2003 SP - 99 EP - 107 VL - 195 IS - 1 SN - 0021-9541, 0021-9541 KW - Free Radical Scavengers KW - 0 KW - Reactive Oxygen Species KW - Vanadates KW - 3WHH0066W5 KW - Index Medicus KW - Animals KW - Neutrophils -- pathology KW - Mice KW - Lung -- pathology KW - Mice, Inbred BALB C KW - In Situ Nick-End Labeling KW - Necrosis KW - Spin Trapping KW - Electron Spin Resonance Spectroscopy KW - Instillation, Drug KW - Lung -- drug effects KW - Administration, Inhalation KW - Bronchoalveolar Lavage Fluid -- cytology KW - Macrophages, Alveolar -- pathology KW - Free Radical Scavengers -- pharmacology KW - Male KW - Reactive Oxygen Species -- metabolism KW - Pneumonia -- chemically induced KW - Vanadates -- toxicity KW - Apoptosis -- drug effects KW - Vanadates -- administration & dosage KW - Pneumonia -- pathology KW - Pneumonia -- metabolism UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/73036281?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+cellular+physiology&rft.atitle=Vanadium-induced+apoptosis+and+pulmonary+inflammation+in+mice%3A+Role+of+reactive+oxygen+species.&rft.au=Wang%2C+Liying%3BMedan%2C+Djordje%3BMercer%2C+Robert%3BOvermiller%2C+Dean%3BLeornard%2C+Stephen%3BCastranova%2C+Vincent%3BShi%2C+Xianglin%3BDing%2C+Min%3BHuang%2C+Chuanshu%3BRojanasakul%2C+Yon&rft.aulast=Wang&rft.aufirst=Liying&rft.date=2003-04-01&rft.volume=195&rft.issue=1&rft.spage=99&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+cellular+physiology&rft.issn=00219541&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 2003-04-02 N1 - Date created - 2003-02-24 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Reliability and validity of self-reported height and weight among high school students AN - 20770995; 8114796 AB - Purpose To assess the reliability and validity of self-reported height and weight, and variables calculated from these values, in a diverse sample of adolescents. Methods A convenience sample of students (n = 4619) in grades 9 through 12 reported their height and weight on two questionnaires administered approximately 2 weeks apart. Using a standard protocol, a subsample of these students (n = 2032) also were weighed and had their height measured following completion of the first questionnaire. Results Self-reported heights at Time 1 and Time 2 were highly correlated, and the mean difference between height at Time 1 and Time 2 was small. Results were similar for self-reported weight at Time 1 and Time 2 and body mass index (BMI) calculated from these values. Although self-reported values of height, weight, and BMI were highly correlated with their measured values, on average, students overreported their height by 2.7 inches and underreported their weight by 3.5 pounds. Resulting BMI values were an average of 2.6 kg/m2 lower when based on self-reported vs. measured values. The percentages of students classified as 'overweight' or 'at risk for overweight' were therefore lower when based on self-reported rather than on measured values. White students were more likely than those in other race/ethnic groups to overreport their height, and the tendency to overreport height increased by grade. Female students were more likely than male students to underreport their weight. Conclusions Self-reported height, weight, and BMI calculated from these values were highly reliable but were discrepant from measured height, weight, and BMIs calculated from measured values. BMIs based on self-reported height and weight values therefore underestimate the prevalence of overweight in adolescent populations. JF - Journal of Adolescent Health AU - Brener, Nancy D AU - McManus, Tim AU - Galuska, Deborah A AU - Lowry, Richard AU - Wechsler, Howell AD - Division of Adolescent and School Health, National Center for Chronic Disease Prevention and Health Promotion, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia, USA, nad1@cdc.gov Y1 - 2003/04// PY - 2003 DA - Apr 2003 SP - 281 EP - 287 PB - Elsevier Science, The Boulevard Langford Lane Kidlington Oxford OX5 1GB UK, [mailto:usinfo-f@elsevier.com], [URL:http://www.elsevier.nl] VL - 32 IS - 4 SN - 1054-139X, 1054-139X KW - Physical Education Index; Risk Abstracts KW - Obesity KW - Measurement KW - Adolescence KW - Body mass KW - Validity KW - Height KW - Students KW - Weight KW - body mass KW - Ethnic groups KW - Adolescents KW - R2 23060:Medical and environmental health KW - PE 030:Exercise, Health & Physical Fitness UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/20770995?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Ariskabstracts&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Adolescent+Health&rft.atitle=Reliability+and+validity+of+self-reported+height+and+weight+among+high+school+students&rft.au=Brener%2C+Nancy+D%3BMcManus%2C+Tim%3BGaluska%2C+Deborah+A%3BLowry%2C+Richard%3BWechsler%2C+Howell&rft.aulast=Brener&rft.aufirst=Nancy&rft.date=2003-04-01&rft.volume=32&rft.issue=4&rft.spage=281&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+Adolescent+Health&rft.issn=1054139X&rft_id=info:doi/10.1016%2FS1054-139X%2802%2900708-5 LA - English DB - Physical Education Index; ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2008-07-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-14 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Height; Weight; Students; Body mass; Measurement; Adolescence; Obesity; Validity; Adolescents; Ethnic groups; body mass DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S1054-139X(02)00708-5 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Effects of intrapartum antimicrobial prophylaxis for prevention of group-B- streptococcal disease on the incidence and ecology of early-onset neonatal sepsis AN - 19236986; 5809237 AB - Sepsis occurring in the first week of life can be a devastating neonatal problem. Group B streptococci (GBS) and enterobacteriaceae are the main causes of early-onset sepsis in more developed countries. Intrapartum antimicrobial prophylaxis (IAP) has lowered the incidence of early-onset GBS sepsis by 50-80%. However, there are concerns that the use of IAP may select for infections caused by enterobacteriaceae, including some strains resistant to antimicrobials. We explored potential associations between IAP use and changes in the causes of early-onset sepsis. We concluded that there have been substantial declines in the incidence of early-onset infections due to GBS and, in some settings, other bacteria. Increases in the frequencies of non-GBS or antimicrobial-resistant early-onset sepsis have been limited to preterm, low-birthweight, or very-low- birthweight neonates. We propose systematic monitoring of early-onset sepsis, coupled with targeted research, to inform periodic reassessment of prevention strategies. JF - Lancet Infectious Diseases AU - Moore, M R AU - Schrag, S J AU - Schuchat, A AD - MRM is a member of the Epidemic Intelligence Service Program, Division of Applied Public Health Training, Epidemiology Program Office, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, and with SJS and AS also of the Respiratory Diseases Branch, Division of Bacterial and Mycotic Diseases, National Center for Infectious Diseases, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA, USA, mmoore4@cdc.gov Y1 - 2003/04// PY - 2003 DA - Apr 2003 SP - 201 EP - 213 PB - Elsevier Science B.V., P.O. Box 211 Amsterdam 1000 AE Netherlands, [mailto:nlinfo-f@elsevier.nl], [URL:http://www.elsevier.nl/] VL - 3 IS - 4 SN - 1473-3099, 1473-3099 KW - streptococci KW - Microbiology Abstracts B: Bacteriology KW - Streptococcus KW - Septicemia KW - Prophylaxis KW - Enterobacter KW - Neonates KW - J 02855:Human Bacteriology: Others UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/19236986?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologyb&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Lancet+Infectious+Diseases&rft.atitle=Effects+of+intrapartum+antimicrobial+prophylaxis+for+prevention+of+group-B-+streptococcal+disease+on+the+incidence+and+ecology+of+early-onset+neonatal+sepsis&rft.au=Moore%2C+M+R%3BSchrag%2C+S+J%3BSchuchat%2C+A&rft.aulast=Moore&rft.aufirst=M&rft.date=2003-04-01&rft.volume=3&rft.issue=4&rft.spage=201&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Lancet+Infectious+Diseases&rft.issn=14733099&rft_id=info:doi/10.1016%2FS1473-3099%2803%2900577-2 LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Streptococcus; Enterobacter; Prophylaxis; Septicemia; Neonates DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S1473-3099(03)00577-2 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Acute Pesticide-Related Illnesses Among Working Youths, 1988-1999 AN - 18790047; 5649818 AB - Objectives. The goal of this study was to describe acute occupational pesticide-related illnesses among youths and to provide prevention recommendations. Methods. Survey data from 8 states and from poison control center data were analyzed. Illness incidence rates and incidence rate ratios were calculated. Results. A total of 531 youths were identified with acute occupational pesticide-related illnesses. Insecticides were responsible for most of these illnesses (68%), most of which were of minor severity (79%). The average annual incidence rate among youths aged 15 to 17 years was 20.4 per billion hours worked, and the incidence rate ratio among youths vs adults was 1.71 (95% confidence interval = 1.53, 1.91). Conclusions. The present findings suggest the need for greater efforts to prevent acute occupational pesticide-related illnesses among adolescents. JF - American Journal of Public Health AU - Calvert, G M AU - Mehler, L N AU - Rosales, R AU - Baum, L AU - Thomsen, C AU - Male, D AU - Shafey, O AU - Das, R AU - Lackovic, M AU - Arvizu, E AD - National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, 4676 Columbia Pkwy, R-21, Cincinnati, OH 45226, USA, jac6@cdc.gov Y1 - 2003/04/01/ PY - 2003 DA - 2003 Apr 01 SP - 605 EP - 610 VL - 93 IS - 4 SN - 0090-0036, 0090-0036 KW - Health & Safety Science Abstracts KW - H 5000:Pesticides UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/18790047?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Ahealthsafetyabstracts&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=American+Journal+of+Public+Health&rft.atitle=Acute+Pesticide-Related+Illnesses+Among+Working+Youths%2C+1988-1999&rft.au=Calvert%2C+G+M%3BMehler%2C+L+N%3BRosales%2C+R%3BBaum%2C+L%3BThomsen%2C+C%3BMale%2C+D%3BShafey%2C+O%3BDas%2C+R%3BLackovic%2C+M%3BArvizu%2C+E&rft.aulast=Calvert&rft.aufirst=G&rft.date=2003-04-01&rft.volume=93&rft.issue=4&rft.spage=605&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=American+Journal+of+Public+Health&rft.issn=00900036&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease due to occupational exposure to silica dust: a review of epidemiological and pathological evidence AN - 18775443; 5644731 AB - Occupational exposure is an important risk factor for chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), and silica dust is one of the most important occupational respiratory toxins. Epidemiological and pathological studies suggest that silica dust exposure can lead to COPD, even in the absence of radiological signs of silicosis, and that the association between cumulative silica dust exposure and airflow obstruction is independent of silicosis. Recent clinicopathological and experimental studies have contributed further towards explaining the potential mechanism through which silica can cause pathological changes that may lead to the development of COPD. In this paper we review the epidemiological and pathological evidence relevant to the development of COPD in silica dust exposed workers within the context of recent findings. The evidence surveyed suggests that chronic levels of silica dust that do not cause disabling silicosis may cause the development of chronic bronchitis, emphysema, and/or small airways disease that can lead to airflow obstruction, even in the absence of radiological silicosis. JF - Occupational and Environmental Medicine AU - Hnizdo, E AU - Vallyathan, V AD - Division of Respiratory Disease Studies, National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, 1095 Willowdale Road, Morgantown, WV 26505, USA, Exh6@cdc.gov Y1 - 2003/04// PY - 2003 DA - Apr 2003 SP - 237 EP - 243 VL - 60 IS - 4 SN - 1351-0711, 1351-0711 KW - chronic obstructive pulmonary disease KW - man KW - Toxicology Abstracts; Health & Safety Science Abstracts; Pollution Abstracts KW - X 24250:Reviews KW - H 1000:Occupational Safety and Health KW - P 6000:TOXICOLOGY AND HEALTH UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/18775443?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxicologyabstracts&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Occupational+and+Environmental+Medicine&rft.atitle=Chronic+obstructive+pulmonary+disease+due+to+occupational+exposure+to+silica+dust%3A+a+review+of+epidemiological+and+pathological+evidence&rft.au=Hnizdo%2C+E%3BVallyathan%2C+V&rft.aulast=Hnizdo&rft.aufirst=E&rft.date=2003-04-01&rft.volume=60&rft.issue=4&rft.spage=237&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Occupational+and+Environmental+Medicine&rft.issn=13510711&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Risk Factors for Sexually Transmitted Diseases in Northern Thai Adolescents: An Audio-Computer-Assisted Self-Interview With Noninvasive Specimen Collection AN - 18769719; 5636264 AB - Background: Previous studies of sexual behavior and sexually transmitted diseases (STDs) in Thai adolescents may have been limited by participation bias and underreporting of stigmatized behaviors. Goal: The goal was to increase knowledge about risk behaviors and STDs among youths in Thailand. Study Design: Students aged 15 to 21 years completed an audio-computer-assisted self-interview. Oral fluid was tested for HIV antibodies and urine was tested for Chlamydia trachomatis and Neisseria gonorrhoeae nucleic acids with polymerase chain reaction. Results: Of 1736 invited students, 1725 (99.4%) agreed to participate. Overall, C trachomatis infection was detected in 49 (2.8%), and there were five cases (0.3%) each of infection with N gonorrhoeae and HIV. Among those who reported sexual intercourse, the prevalence of chlamydial infection was 3.7% among men and 6.1% among women. Logistic regression analysis showed age-adjusted factors associated with chlamydial infection among men to be parents' occupation in agriculture, having sold sex, having a sex partner who had been pregnant, and the number of casual sex partners during lifetime. Among women, age-adjusted factors were parents' occupation in agriculture, number of casual partners during lifetime, having an older sex partner, and perception of higher HIV infection risk. Conclusion: These adolescents had high rates of unprotected intercourse and are at risk for STDs. Prevention programs should emphasize use of effective contraceptive methods, including condom use; reducing the number of sex partners (stressing the risk a partner of older age may pose to female adolescents); and reducing engagement in commercial sex. JF - Sexually Transmitted Diseases AU - Paz-Bailey, G AU - Kilmarx, PH AU - Supawitkul, S AU - Chaowanachan, T AU - Jeeyapant, S AU - Sternberg, M AU - Markowitz, L AU - Mastro, T D AU - Van Griensven, F AD - HIV/AIDS Program, The Thailand MOPH - US CDC Collaboration, DMS Building 6, Ministry of Public Health, Nonthaburi 11000 Thailand, fav1@cdc.gov Y1 - 2003/04// PY - 2003 DA - Apr 2003 SP - 320 EP - 326 VL - 30 IS - 4 KW - HIV KW - man KW - Microbiology Abstracts B: Bacteriology; Virology & AIDS Abstracts KW - V 22005:AIDS: Epidemiological aspects KW - J 02849:Sexually-transmitted diseases UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/18769719?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologyb&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Sexually+Transmitted+Diseases&rft.atitle=Risk+Factors+for+Sexually+Transmitted+Diseases+in+Northern+Thai+Adolescents%3A+An+Audio-Computer-Assisted+Self-Interview+With+Noninvasive+Specimen+Collection&rft.au=Paz-Bailey%2C+G%3BKilmarx%2C+PH%3BSupawitkul%2C+S%3BChaowanachan%2C+T%3BJeeyapant%2C+S%3BSternberg%2C+M%3BMarkowitz%2C+L%3BMastro%2C+T+D%3BVan+Griensven%2C+F&rft.aulast=Paz-Bailey&rft.aufirst=G&rft.date=2003-04-01&rft.volume=30&rft.issue=4&rft.spage=320&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Sexually+Transmitted+Diseases&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Work-Related Reactive Airways Dysfunction Syndrome Cases from Surveillance in Selected US States AN - 18769224; 5645798 AB - The objective was to elaborate the descriptive epidemiology of work-related cases of reactive airways dysfunction syndrome (RADS). Cases of work-related asthma (WRA) were identified in four states in the United States during 1993-1995 as part of the Sentinel Event Notification Systems for Occupational Risks (SENSOR). Information gathered by follow-back interview was used to describe 123 work-related RADS cases and to compare them to 301 other WRA cases whose onset of disease was associated with a known asthma inducer. RADS represented 14% of all new-onset WRA cases identified by the state SENSOR surveillance systems. RADS cases had significant adverse medical and occupational outcomes identified by follow-back interview. In particular, 89% still had breathing problems, 78% had ever sought emergency care and 39% had ever been hospitalized for work-related breathing problems, 54% had applied for worker compensation benefits, and 41% had left the company where they experienced onset of asthma. These values equaled or exceeded the comparable figures for those WRA cases whose onset was attributed to a known inducer. Work-related RADS represents a minority of all WRA cases, but the adverse impact of this condition appears to equal that of other WRA cases. JF - Journal of Occupational and Environmental Medicine AU - Henneberger, P K AU - Derk, S J AU - Davis, L AU - Tumpowsky, C AU - Reilly, MJ AU - Rosenman, K D AU - Schill, D P AU - Valiante, D AU - Flattery, J AU - Harrison, R AU - Reinisch, F AU - Filios AU - Tift, B AD - National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, 1095 Willowdale Road M/S H-2800, Morgantown, WV 26505, USA, pkh0@cdc.gov Y1 - 2003/04// PY - 2003 DA - Apr 2003 SP - 360 EP - 368 VL - 45 IS - 4 SN - 1076-2752, 1076-2752 KW - reactive airways dysfunction syndrome KW - Health & Safety Science Abstracts; Pollution Abstracts KW - H 1000:Occupational Safety and Health KW - P 6000:TOXICOLOGY AND HEALTH UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/18769224?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Apollution&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Occupational+and+Environmental+Medicine&rft.atitle=Work-Related+Reactive+Airways+Dysfunction+Syndrome+Cases+from+Surveillance+in+Selected+US+States&rft.au=Henneberger%2C+P+K%3BDerk%2C+S+J%3BDavis%2C+L%3BTumpowsky%2C+C%3BReilly%2C+MJ%3BRosenman%2C+K+D%3BSchill%2C+D+P%3BValiante%2C+D%3BFlattery%2C+J%3BHarrison%2C+R%3BReinisch%2C+F%3BFilios%3BTift%2C+B&rft.aulast=Henneberger&rft.aufirst=P&rft.date=2003-04-01&rft.volume=45&rft.issue=4&rft.spage=360&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+Occupational+and+Environmental+Medicine&rft.issn=10762752&rft_id=info:doi/10.1097%2F01.jom.0000063620.37065.6f LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/01.jom.0000063620.37065.6f ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Acute stress modulates the irritant component of sensitizers in allergic contact dermatitis: implications for exposure assessment AN - 18742694; 5622900 AB - Exposure of skin to noxious environmental stimuli can cause allergic contact dermatitis (ACD), which is a major health risk. Epidemiological studies have determined that 40% of workers report that their jobs are very, or extremely, stressful, and the number of chemicals to which workers are exposed increases each year. We hypothesized that combined exposure to a workplace stressor and a sensitizing chemical would alter the time course and magnitude of the skin immune response. We assessed the mixed exposure of chemical and restraint stress using three potent skin sensitizers, 2,4 dinitrofluorbenzene (DNFB), dicyclohexylcarbodiimide (DCC), and oxazolone, (OXA) on the ear swelling response in stress-susceptible BALB/c mice. Quantitative analyses showed that the dose-response relationship for each chemical followed a cubic trend. Although stress did not alter the shape of the curve, application of restraint stress on day 1 or on day 6 diminished the ear swelling response to 0.1% DNFB. However, if the concentration of the challenge dose was increased to a more irritating concentration, 0.25% DNFB, ear swelling was enhanced. Restraint stress applied on day 6 also increased ear swelling in response to the highly irritating sensitizer DCC, but not to the low-irritancy chemical OXA. These data support the hypothesis that dose-response relationships exist for sensitization with chemical and that restraint stress modulation of the ear swelling response is both chemical specific and dependent on the irritancy potential of the chemical. JF - Toxicology and Applied Pharmacology AU - Flint AU - Salmen, R R AU - Brumbaugh, K AU - Tinkle, S S AD - Toxicology and Molecular Biology Branch, National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Morgantown, WV 26505, USA, sft3@cdc.gov Y1 - 2003/04/01/ PY - 2003 DA - 2003 Apr 01 SP - 50 EP - 58 PB - Elsevier Science (USA) VL - 188 IS - 1 SN - 0041-008X, 0041-008X KW - 2,4-Dinitrofluorbenzene KW - ear swelling response KW - mice KW - oxazolone KW - sensitizers KW - Toxicology Abstracts KW - X 24240:Miscellaneous UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/18742694?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxicologyabstracts&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Toxicology+and+Applied+Pharmacology&rft.atitle=Acute+stress+modulates+the+irritant+component+of+sensitizers+in+allergic+contact+dermatitis%3A+implications+for+exposure+assessment&rft.au=Flint%3BSalmen%2C+R+R%3BBrumbaugh%2C+K%3BTinkle%2C+S+S&rft.aulast=Flint&rft.aufirst=&rft.date=2003-04-01&rft.volume=188&rft.issue=1&rft.spage=50&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Toxicology+and+Applied+Pharmacology&rft.issn=0041008X&rft_id=info:doi/10.1016%2FS0041-008X%2803%2900016-4 LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0041-008X(03)00016-4 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Preventing collisions involving surface mining equipment: a GPS-based approach AN - 18742428; 5618446 AB - Problem: An average of three workers a year are killed in surface mining operations when a piece of haulage equipment collides with another smaller vehicle or a worker on foot. Another three workers are killed each year when haulage equipment backs over the edge of a dump point or stockpile. Devices to monitor the blind areas of mining equipment are needed to provide a warning to operators when a vehicle, person, or change in terrain is near the equipment. Method: A proximity warning system (PWS) based on the global positioning system (GPS) and peer-to-peer communication has been developed to prevent collisions between mining equipment, small vehicles, and stationary structures. Results: A final system was demonstrated using one off-highway haul truck, three smaller vehicles, and various stationary structures at a surface mining operation. The system successfully displayed the location of nearby vehicles and stationary structures and provided visual and audible warnings to the equipment operator when they were within a preset distance. Summary: Many surface mining operations already use GPS technology on their mobile equipment for tracking and dispatch. Our tests have shown that it is feasible to add proximity warning to these existing systems as a safety feature. Larger scale and long- term tests are needed to prove the technology adequately. Impact on Industry: A PWSs that incorporates a combination of technologies could significantly reduce accidents that involve collisions or driving over an edge at surface mining operations. JF - Journal of Safety Research AU - Ruff, T M AU - Holden, T P AD - Spokane Research Laboratory, National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, 315 East Montgometry Avenue, Spokane, WA 99207, USA, ter5@cdc.gov Y1 - 2003/04// PY - 2003 DA - Apr 2003 SP - 175 EP - 181 VL - 34 IS - 2 SN - 0022-4375, 0022-4375 KW - collision avoidance KW - global positioning systems KW - Risk Abstracts; Health & Safety Science Abstracts KW - R2 23080:Industrial and labor KW - H 1000:Occupational Safety and Health UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/18742428?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Ariskabstracts&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Safety+Research&rft.atitle=Preventing+collisions+involving+surface+mining+equipment%3A+a+GPS-based+approach&rft.au=Ruff%2C+T+M%3BHolden%2C+T+P&rft.aulast=Ruff&rft.aufirst=T&rft.date=2003-04-01&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0022-4375(02)00074-9 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Molecular Characterization of Anaplasma phagocytophilum and Borrelia burgdorferi in Ixodes scapularis Ticks from Pennsylvania AN - 18724324; 5597463 AB - Ixodes scapularis ticks were collected in 2000 and 2001 from two areas in Pennsylvania and tested for the presence of Anaplasma phagocytophilum and Borrelia burgdorferi by PCR and DNA sequencing. Of the ticks collected from northwestern and southeastern Pennsylvania, 162 of 263 (61.6%) and 25 of 191 (13.1%), respectively, were found to be positive for B. burgdorferi. DNA sequencing showed >99% identity with B. burgdorferi strains B31 and JD1. PCR testing for A. phagocytophilum revealed that 5 of 263 (1.9%) from northwestern Pennsylvania and 76 of 191 (39.8%) from southeastern Pennsylvania were positive. DNA sequencing revealed two genotypes of A. phagocytophilum, the human granulocytic ehrlichiosis (HGE) agent and a variant (AP-Variant 1) that has not been associated with human infection. Although only the HGE agent was present in northwestern Pennsylvania, both genotypes were found in southeastern Pennsylvania. These data add to a growing body of evidence showing that AP-Variant 1 is the predominant agent in areas where both genotypes coexist. JF - Journal of Clinical Microbiology AU - Courtney, J W AU - Dryden, R L AU - Montgomery, J AU - Schneider, B S AU - Smith, G AU - Massung, R F AD - Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, 1600 Clifton Rd., MS G-13, Atlanta, GA 30333, rfm2@cdc.gov Y1 - 2003/04// PY - 2003 DA - Apr 2003 SP - 1569 EP - 1573 VL - 41 IS - 4 SN - 0095-1137, 0095-1137 KW - Deer tick KW - isolates KW - molecular characterization KW - Microbiology Abstracts B: Bacteriology KW - J 02740:Genetics and evolution UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/18724324?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologyb&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Clinical+Microbiology&rft.atitle=Molecular+Characterization+of+Anaplasma+phagocytophilum+and+Borrelia+burgdorferi+in+Ixodes+scapularis+Ticks+from+Pennsylvania&rft.au=Courtney%2C+J+W%3BDryden%2C+R+L%3BMontgomery%2C+J%3BSchneider%2C+B+S%3BSmith%2C+G%3BMassung%2C+R+F&rft.aulast=Courtney&rft.aufirst=J&rft.date=2003-04-01&rft.volume=41&rft.issue=4&rft.spage=1569&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+Clinical+Microbiology&rft.issn=00951137&rft_id=info:doi/10.1128%2FJCM.41.4.1569-1573.2003 LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/JCM.41.4.1569-1573.2003 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Comparison of Methods for Detection of Chlamydia trachomatis and Neisseria gonorrhoeae Using Commercially Available Nucleic Acid Amplification Tests and a Liquid Pap Smear Medium AN - 18723406; 5597462 AB - Annual screening for Chlamydia trachomatis infection is currently recommended for sexually active women 15 to 25 years old and for women older than 25 if they have a new or multiple sex partners and have not used condoms during the previous 3 months. Annual screening for cervical abnormalities using the Pap smear has achieved a substantial reduction in morbidity and mortality from cervical cancer. Screening for Neisseria gonorrhoeae infection has likely contributed significantly to the reduction in the rates of gonococcal infection. The introduction of liquid Pap smear methods using exfoliated cervical cells presents an opportunity to screen for these three conditions using one specimen. We evaluated the preservation of C. trachomatis and Neisseria gonorrhoeae DNAs from ThinPrep liquid media (PreservCyt; Cytyc Corp., Boxborough, Mass.); tested the feasibility of using a clinical specimen of this medium for the detection of cytologic abnormalities, C. trachomatis, and N. gonorrhoeae; evaluated the agreement between ligase chain reaction (LCR) performed on PreservCyt and LCR performed on a cervical specimen; and compared the performance of LCR performed on PreservCyt to those of LCR performed on a cervical specimen, culture, PCR performed on a cervical specimen, on urine, and on a vaginal specimen (a multiple-site infection status standard), and transcription-mediated amplification (for C. trachomatis only) from 255 sexually active adolescent women. The agreement between LCR performed on PreservCyt and LCR from a cervical swab in LCx transport medium was high (for C. trachomatis, agreement = 0.97 and kappa = 0.92; for N. gonorrhoeae, agreement = 0.99 and kappa = 0.96). Test performances were similar for LCR- urine, LCR-cervix, and LCR-ThinPrep, with sensitivities from 93 to 99% for C. trachomatis and 81 to 83% for N. gonorrhoeae and specificities from 95.5 to 99% for C. trachomatis and 99.1 to 99.6% for N. gonorrhoeae using a PCR- based multiple-site infection status standard. This is the first study to examine the agreement between liquid cytologic media and multiple nucleic acid amplification tests for the detection of C. trachomatis and N. gonorrhoeae from patient samples. Cytologic fluid shows promise for simultaneous screening for cytologic abnormalities and sexually transmitted infections. JF - Journal of Clinical Microbiology AU - Koumans, E H AU - Black, C M AU - Markowitz, LE AU - Unger, E AU - Pierce, A AU - Sawyer, M K AU - Papp, J R AD - DSTD/NCHSTP, 1600 Clifton Rd. NE, MS E-02, Atlanta, GA 30329, exk0@cdc.gov@@i.@ Y1 - 2003/04// PY - 2003 DA - Apr 2003 SP - 1507 EP - 1511 VL - 41 IS - 4 SN - 0095-1137, 0095-1137 KW - PreServCyt KW - detection KW - ligase chain reaction KW - man KW - Microbiology Abstracts B: Bacteriology KW - J 02710:Identification, taxonomy and typing UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/18723406?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologyb&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Clinical+Microbiology&rft.atitle=Comparison+of+Methods+for+Detection+of+Chlamydia+trachomatis+and+Neisseria+gonorrhoeae+Using+Commercially+Available+Nucleic+Acid+Amplification+Tests+and+a+Liquid+Pap+Smear+Medium&rft.au=Koumans%2C+E+H%3BBlack%2C+C+M%3BMarkowitz%2C+LE%3BUnger%2C+E%3BPierce%2C+A%3BSawyer%2C+M+K%3BPapp%2C+J+R&rft.aulast=Koumans&rft.aufirst=E&rft.date=2003-04-01&rft.volume=41&rft.issue=4&rft.spage=1507&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+Clinical+Microbiology&rft.issn=00951137&rft_id=info:doi/10.1128%2FJCM.41.4.1507-1511.2003 LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/JCM.41.4.1507-1511.2003 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Imipenem Resistance in a Salmonella Clinical Strain Due to Plasmid- Mediated Class A Carbapenemase KPC-2 AN - 18706083; 5591639 AB - A Salmonella enterica serotype Cubana isolate exhibiting resistance to most beta -lactam antibiotics, including oxyimino-cephalosporins and imipenem, was isolated from a 4-year-old boy with gastroenteritis in Maryland. beta -Lactam resistance was mediated by a conjugative plasmid that encoded KPC-2, a class A carbapenemase previously found in a Klebsiella pneumoniae isolate from the Maryland area as well. Sequence analysis of the flanking regions indicated a potential association of bla sub(KPC-2) with mobile structures. JF - Antimicrobial Agents & Chemotherapy AU - Miriagou, V AU - Tzouvelekis, L S AU - Rossiter, S AU - Tzelepi, E AU - Angulo, F J AU - Whichard, J M AD - National Center for Infectious Diseases, MS G29, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, 1600 Clifton Rd., Atlanta, GA 30333, zyr3@cdc.gov Y1 - 2003/04// PY - 2003 DA - Apr 2003 SP - 1297 EP - 1300 VL - 47 IS - 4 SN - 0066-4804, 0066-4804 KW - KPC-2 gene KW - carbapenemase KW - Microbiology Abstracts B: Bacteriology KW - J 02795:Antibiotic resistance UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/18706083?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologyb&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Antimicrobial+Agents+%26+Chemotherapy&rft.atitle=Imipenem+Resistance+in+a+Salmonella+Clinical+Strain+Due+to+Plasmid-+Mediated+Class+A+Carbapenemase+KPC-2&rft.au=Miriagou%2C+V%3BTzouvelekis%2C+L+S%3BRossiter%2C+S%3BTzelepi%2C+E%3BAngulo%2C+F+J%3BWhichard%2C+J+M&rft.aulast=Miriagou&rft.aufirst=V&rft.date=2003-04-01&rft.volume=47&rft.issue=4&rft.spage=1297&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Antimicrobial+Agents+%26+Chemotherapy&rft.issn=00664804&rft_id=info:doi/10.1128%2FAAC.47.4.1297-1300.2003 LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/AAC.47.4.1297-1300.2003 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Vancomycin Treatment Failure Associated with Heterogeneous Vancomycin- Intermediate Staphylococcus aureus in a Patient with Endocarditis and in the Rabbit Model of Endocarditis AN - 18696198; 5591671 AB - Heterogeneous resistance to vancomycin is thought to precede emergence of intermediate susceptibility to vancomycin in Staphylococcus aureus, but the clinical significance of heterogeneous resistance is unknown. Paired S. aureus isolates from a patient with endocarditis who relapsed after vancomycin treatment were tested for heterogeneous resistance to vancomycin. The pretreatment and the relapse clinical isolates (strains SF1 and SF2, respectively) were genotyped by pulsed-field gel electrophoresis. Susceptibility to vancomycin was assessed by the broth dilution method, population analysis, and time-kill studies and in the rabbit model of endocarditis. Strains SF1 and SF2 had similar genotypes, and the vancomycin MICs for the strains were <= 2 mu g/ml. SF2 exhibited heterogeneous resistance to vancomycin. Vancomycin eradicated SF1 in the rabbit model of endocarditis, while SF2 persisted at pretreatment levels. Vancomycin treatment failure in this patient with endocarditis was attributable to heterogeneous resistance to vancomycin. JF - Antimicrobial Agents & Chemotherapy AU - Moore, M R AU - Perdreau-Remington, F AU - Chambers, H F AD - Foodborne and Diarrheal Diseases Branch, Division of Bacterial and Mycotic Diseases, National Center for Infectious Diseases, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, 1600 Clifton Rd., NE, Mailstop D-63, Atlanta, GA 30333, mmoore4@cdc.gov Y1 - 2003/04// PY - 2003 DA - Apr 2003 SP - 1262 EP - 1266 VL - 47 IS - 4 SN - 0066-4804, 0066-4804 KW - man KW - rabbits KW - Microbiology Abstracts B: Bacteriology KW - J 02855:Human Bacteriology: Others UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/18696198?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologyb&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Antimicrobial+Agents+%26+Chemotherapy&rft.atitle=Vancomycin+Treatment+Failure+Associated+with+Heterogeneous+Vancomycin-+Intermediate+Staphylococcus+aureus+in+a+Patient+with+Endocarditis+and+in+the+Rabbit+Model+of+Endocarditis&rft.au=Moore%2C+M+R%3BPerdreau-Remington%2C+F%3BChambers%2C+H+F&rft.aulast=Moore&rft.aufirst=M&rft.date=2003-04-01&rft.volume=47&rft.issue=4&rft.spage=1262&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Antimicrobial+Agents+%26+Chemotherapy&rft.issn=00664804&rft_id=info:doi/10.1128%2FAAC.47.4.1262-1266.2003 LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/AAC.47.4.1262-1266.2003 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Antimicrobial Drug Prescription in Ambulatory Care Settings, United States, 1992-2000 AN - 17550183; 6458702 AB - During the 1990s, as antimicrobial resistance increased among pneumococci, many organizations promoted appropriate antimicrobial use to combat resistance. We analyzed data from the National Ambulatory Medical Care Survey, an annual sample survey of visits to office-based physicians, and the National Hospital Ambulatory Medical Care Survey, an annual sample survey of visits to hospital emergency and outpatient departments, to describe trends in antimicrobial prescribing from 1992 to 2000 in the United States. Approximately 1,100-1,900 physicians reported data from 21,000-37,000 visits; 200-300 outpatient departments reported data for 28,000-35,000 visits; similar to 400 emergency departments reported data for 21,000-36,000 visits each year. In that period, the population- and visit-based antimicrobial prescribing rates in ambulatory care settings decreased by 23% and 25%, respectively, driven largely by a decrease in prescribing by office-based physicians. Antimicrobial prescribing rates changed as follows: amoxicillin and ampicillin, -43%; cephalosporins, -28%; erythromycin, -76%; azithromycin and clarithromycin, +388%; quinolones, +78%; and amoxicillin/clavulanate, +69%. This increasing use of azithromycin, clarithromycin, and quinolones warrants concern as macrolide- and fluoroquinolone-resistant pneumococci are increasing. JF - Emerging Infectious Diseases AU - McCaig, L F AU - Besser, R E AU - Hughes, J M AD - National Center for Health Statistics, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), Hyattsville, MD, USA Y1 - 2003/04// PY - 2003 DA - Apr 2003 VL - 9 IS - 4 SN - 1080-6040, 1080-6040 KW - Microbiology Abstracts B: Bacteriology KW - Cephalosporins KW - Amoxicillin KW - Data processing KW - Fluoroquinolones KW - Quinolones KW - Ampicillin KW - Erythromycin KW - Macrolide antibiotics KW - Clarithromycin KW - Streptococcus pneumoniae KW - Azithromycin KW - Antimicrobial resistance KW - Hospitals KW - J 02783:Antibiotics: General UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/17550183?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologyb&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Emerging+Infectious+Diseases&rft.atitle=Antimicrobial+Drug+Prescription+in+Ambulatory+Care+Settings%2C+United+States%2C+1992-2000&rft.au=McCaig%2C+L+F%3BBesser%2C+R+E%3BHughes%2C+J+M&rft.aulast=McCaig&rft.aufirst=L&rft.date=2003-04-01&rft.volume=9&rft.issue=4&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Emerging+Infectious+Diseases&rft.issn=10806040&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Last updated - 2015-03-24 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Cephalosporins; Clarithromycin; Amoxicillin; Data processing; Fluoroquinolones; Azithromycin; Quinolones; Ampicillin; Antimicrobial resistance; Macrolide antibiotics; Erythromycin; Hospitals; Streptococcus pneumoniae ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Key clinical activities for quality asthma care. Recommendations of the National Asthma Education and Prevention Program. AN - 73184899; 12696781 AB - In 1997, the National Asthma Education and Prevention Program (NAEPP), coordinated by the National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, published the second Expert Panel Report (EPR-2): Guidelines for the Diagnosis and Management of Asthma (National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, National Asthma Education and Prevention Program. Expert Panel Report 2: Guidelines for the diagnosis and management of asthma. Bethesda MD: US Department of Health and Human Services, National Institutes of Health, 1997; publication no. 97-4051. Available at http://www.nhlbi.nih.gov/guidelines/ asthma/asthgdln.pdf). Subsequently, the NAEPP Expert Panel identified key questions regarding asthma management that were submitted to an evidence practice center of the Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality to conduct a systematic review of the evidence. The resulting evidence report was used by the Expert Panel to update recommendations for clinical practice on selected topics. These recommendations (EPR-Update 2002) were published in 2002. (National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, National Asthma Education and Prevention Program. Guidelines for the diagnosis and management of asthma--update on selected topics 2002. J Allergy Clin Immunol 2002;110[November 2002, part 2]. Available at http://www.nhlbi.nih.gov/guidelines/asthma/index.htm). To improve the implementation of these guidelines, a working group of the Professional Education Subcommittee of the NAEPP extracted key clinical activities that should be considered as essential for quality asthma care in accordance with the EPR-2 guidelines and the EPR-Update 2002. The purpose was to develop a report that would help purchasers and planners of health care define the activities that are important to quality asthma care, particularly in reducing symptoms and preventing exacerbations, and subsequently reducing the overall national burden of illness and death from asthma. This report is intended to help employer health benefits managers and other health-care planners make decisions regarding delivery of health care for persons with asthma. Although this report is based on information directed to clinicians; it is not intended to substitute for recommended clinical practices for caring for persons with asthma, nor is it intended to replace the clinical decision-making required to meet individual patient needs. Readers are referred to the EPR-2 for the full asthma guidelines regarding diagnosis and management of asthma or to the abstracted Practical Guide (National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, National Asthma Education and Prevention Program. Practical guide for the diagnosis and management of asthma. Bethesda MD: US Department of Health and Human Services, National Institutes of Health, 1997; publication no. 97-4053. Available at http://www.nhlbi.nih.gov/health/prof/lung/asthma/practgde.htm) and to the EPR-Update 2002. The 1997 EPR-2 guidelines and EPR-Update 2002 were derived from a consensus of leading asthma researchers from academic, clinical, federal and voluntary institutions and based on scientific evidence supported by the literature. The 10 key activities highlighted here correspond to the four recommended-as-essential components of asthma management: assessment and monitoring, control of factors contributing to asthma severity, pharmacotherapy and education for a partnership in care. The key clinical activities are not intended for acute or hospital management of patients with asthma but rather for the preventive aspects of managing asthma long term. This report was developed as a collaborative activity between CDC and the NAEPP. JF - MMWR. Recommendations and reports : Morbidity and mortality weekly report. Recommendations and reports AU - Williams, Seymour G AU - Schmidt, Diana K AU - Redd, Stephen C AU - Storms, William AU - National Asthma Education and Prevention Program AD - Division of Environmental Hazards and Health Effects, National Center for Environmental Health, CDC, Atlanta, Georgia, USA. ; National Asthma Education and Prevention Program Y1 - 2003/03/28/ PY - 2003 DA - 2003 Mar 28 SP - 1 EP - 8 VL - 52 SN - 1057-5987, 1057-5987 KW - Adrenergic beta-Agonists KW - 0 KW - Allergens KW - Anti-Asthmatic Agents KW - Tobacco Smoke Pollution KW - Index Medicus KW - Severity of Illness Index KW - Patient Education as Topic KW - Self Care KW - Humans KW - Referral and Consultation KW - Practice Guidelines as Topic KW - Anti-Asthmatic Agents -- therapeutic use KW - Adrenergic beta-Agonists -- therapeutic use KW - Comorbidity KW - Continuity of Patient Care KW - Asthma -- etiology KW - Asthma -- prevention & control KW - Asthma -- therapy KW - Asthma -- diagnosis UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/73184899?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=MMWR.+Recommendations+and+reports+%3A+Morbidity+and+mortality+weekly+report.+Recommendations+and+reports&rft.atitle=Key+clinical+activities+for+quality+asthma+care.+Recommendations+of+the+National+Asthma+Education+and+Prevention+Program.&rft.au=Williams%2C+Seymour+G%3BSchmidt%2C+Diana+K%3BRedd%2C+Stephen+C%3BStorms%2C+William%3BNational+Asthma+Education+and+Prevention+Program&rft.aulast=Williams&rft.aufirst=Seymour&rft.date=2003-03-28&rft.volume=52&rft.issue=21&rft.spage=496&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=MMWR.+Morbidity+and+mortality+weekly+report&rft.issn=01492195&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 2003-04-17 N1 - Date created - 2003-04-16 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - An Outbreak of Conjunctivitis Due to Atypical Streptococcus pneumoniae AN - 18868408; 5716275 AB - In February 2002, clinicians at the Dartmouth College Health Service recognized an outbreak of conjunctivitis; cultures of conjunctival swabs implicated Streptococcus pneumoniae. An investigation was begun to determine the extent of the outbreak, confirm the cause, identify modes of transmission, and implement control measures. Investigators reviewed the health service's data base for diagnoses of conjunctivitis. Viral and bacterial cultures were obtained from ill students. Bile-soluble isolates that were susceptible to ethylhydrocupreine (optochin) and therefore were presumed to be pneumococci underwent serotyping, capsular staining, pulsed-field gel electrophoresis, a DNA probe, and multilocus sequence typing. A cohort study of risk factors was conducted with the use of the Internet. Control measures included distribution of alcohol-based hand gel and messages about prevention. Among 5060 students, 698 (13.8 percent) received a diagnosis of conjunctivitis from January 1, 2002, through April 12, 2002, including 22 percent of first-year students. Presumed pneumococci were isolated from 43.3 percent of conjunctival swabs (110 of 254); viral cultures performed on 85 specimens were negative. DNA probes and multilocus sequence typing confirmed that the organisms were pneumococci, although the bacteria did not have the characteristic capsule. On pulsed-field gel electrophoresis, strains were found to be identical to pneumococci that caused outbreaks of conjunctivitis in other parts of the country in 1980. Analysis of survey data from 1832 students indicated that close contact with a student with conjunctivitis, wearing contact lenses, membership on a sports team, and attending parties at or living in a fraternity or sorority house were associated with conjunctivitis. The rate of diagnosis of conjunctivitis declined after the implementation of control measures and after spring break. This large outbreak of conjunctivitis on a college campus was caused by an atypical, unencapsulated strain of S. pneumoniae that was identical to strains that had caused outbreaks two decades earlier. JF - New England Journal of Medicine AU - Martin, M AU - Turco, J H AU - Zegans, ME AU - Facklam, R R AU - Sodha, S AU - Elliott, JA AU - Pryor, J H AU - Beall, B AU - Erdman, D D AU - Baumgartner, Y Y AU - Sanchez, P A AU - Schwartzman, J D AU - Montero, J AU - Schuchat, A AU - Whitney, C G AD - Division of Bacterial and Mycotic Diseases, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, 1600 Clifton Rd. N.E., MS C23, Atlanta, GA 30333, USA, cwhitney@cdc.gov Y1 - 2003/03/20/ PY - 2003 DA - 2003 Mar 20 SP - 1112 EP - 1121 VL - 348 IS - 12 SN - 0028-4793, 0028-4793 KW - man KW - Microbiology Abstracts B: Bacteriology KW - J 02855:Human Bacteriology: Others UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/18868408?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologyb&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=New+England+Journal+of+Medicine&rft.atitle=An+Outbreak+of+Conjunctivitis+Due+to+Atypical+Streptococcus+pneumoniae&rft.au=Martin%2C+M%3BTurco%2C+J+H%3BZegans%2C+ME%3BFacklam%2C+R+R%3BSodha%2C+S%3BElliott%2C+JA%3BPryor%2C+J+H%3BBeall%2C+B%3BErdman%2C+D+D%3BBaumgartner%2C+Y+Y%3BSanchez%2C+P+A%3BSchwartzman%2C+J+D%3BMontero%2C+J%3BSchuchat%2C+A%3BWhitney%2C+C+G&rft.aulast=Martin&rft.aufirst=M&rft.date=2003-03-20&rft.volume=348&rft.issue=12&rft.spage=1112&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=New+England+Journal+of+Medicine&rft.issn=00284793&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Acute public health consequences associated with hazardous substances released during transit, 1993-2000. AN - 73083397; 12628784 AB - Massive quantities of hazardous substances are transported each day throughout the United States. While most arrive safely at their destination, uncontrolled releases of substances in transit do occur and have the potential of causing acute public health consequences for those individuals at or near the release. Data from 16 state health departments participating in the Agency for Toxic Substances and Disease Registry's (ATSDR) Hazardous Substances Emergency Events Surveillance (HSEES) system were analyzed to determine the public health consequences that occurred from actual releases in transit. Of the 9392 transportation events analyzed, 9.1% resulted in 2008 victims, including 115 deaths. The population groups injured most often were employees and the general public. The most common injury sustained was respiratory irritation. Evacuations were ordered in 5.5% of events effecting at least 63,686 people. Human error and equipment failure were the most common factors leading to events. These findings underscore the importance of job safety training, community planning, and effective emergency response to prevent adverse public health consequences from occurring or lessen their effect on the public. JF - Journal of hazardous materials AU - Horton, D Kevin AU - Berkowitz, Zahava AU - Haugh, Gilbert S AU - Orr, Maureen F AU - Kaye, Wendy E AD - Agency for Toxic Substances and Disease Registry, Division of Health Studies/Epidemiology and Surveillance Branch, 1600 Clifton Road NE, Mailstop E-31, Atlanta, GA 30333, USA. dhorton@cdc.gov Y1 - 2003/03/17/ PY - 2003 DA - 2003 Mar 17 SP - 161 EP - 175 VL - 98 IS - 1-3 SN - 0304-3894, 0304-3894 KW - Hazardous Substances KW - 0 KW - Index Medicus KW - United States KW - Public Health KW - Disasters KW - Equipment Failure KW - Protective Devices KW - Transportation UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/73083397?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+hazardous+materials&rft.atitle=Acute+public+health+consequences+associated+with+hazardous+substances+released+during+transit%2C+1993-2000.&rft.au=Horton%2C+D+Kevin%3BBerkowitz%2C+Zahava%3BHaugh%2C+Gilbert+S%3BOrr%2C+Maureen+F%3BKaye%2C+Wendy+E&rft.aulast=Horton&rft.aufirst=D&rft.date=2003-03-17&rft.volume=98&rft.issue=1-3&rft.spage=161&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+hazardous+materials&rft.issn=03043894&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 2003-07-01 N1 - Date created - 2003-03-11 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Smallpox vaccine adverse events among civilians--United States, March 4-10, 2003. AN - 73124489; 12653459 AB - During the civilian smallpox vaccination program, CDC, the Food and Drug Administration, and state health departments are conducting surveillance for vaccine-associated adverse events. In the first stage of the program, active surveillance is being conducted for potentially life-threatening, moderate-to-severe, and other serious adverse events and for vaccinia transmission to contacts of vaccinees (Table). Nonserious events are reported through passive surveillance and are expected to be underreported. This report summarizes smallpox vaccine adverse events reported among civilians vaccinated as of March 7, 2003, and among contacts of vaccinees, received by CDC from the Vaccine Adverse Event Reporting System (VAERS) as of March 10. JF - MMWR. Morbidity and mortality weekly report AU - Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) AD - Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) Y1 - 2003/03/14/ PY - 2003 DA - 2003 Mar 14 SP - 201 EP - 203 VL - 52 IS - 10 SN - 0149-2195, 0149-2195 KW - Smallpox Vaccine KW - 0 KW - Index Medicus KW - United States KW - Military Personnel KW - Humans KW - Adult KW - Health Personnel KW - Middle Aged KW - Vaccination -- adverse effects KW - Male KW - Female KW - Adverse Drug Reaction Reporting Systems KW - Smallpox Vaccine -- adverse effects KW - Population Surveillance UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/73124489?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=AIDS+research+and+human+retroviruses&rft.atitle=Evaluation+of+a+sensitive%2Fless+sensitive+testing+algorithm+using+the+bioM%C3%A9rieux+Vironostika-LS+assay+for+detecting+recent+HIV-1+subtype+B%27+or+E+infection+in+Thailand.&rft.au=Young%2C+Carrie+L%3BHu%2C+Dale+J%3BByers%2C+Robert%3BVanichseni%2C+Suphak%3BYoung%2C+Nancy+L%3BNelson%2C+Robert%3BMock%2C+Philip+A%3BChoopanya%2C+Kachit%3BJanssen%2C+Robert%3BMastro%2C+Timothy+D%3BMei%2C+Joanne+V&rft.aulast=Young&rft.aufirst=Carrie&rft.date=2003-06-01&rft.volume=19&rft.issue=6&rft.spage=481&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=AIDS+research+and+human+retroviruses&rft.issn=08892229&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 2003-04-04 N1 - Date created - 2003-03-25 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Poisoning by an illegally imported Chinese rodenticide containing tetramethylenedisulfotetramine--New York City, 2002. AN - 73115334; 12653458 AB - Illegally imported foreign products can result in domestic exposures to unusual toxic chemicals, and health-care providers might not be able to provide appropriate therapy because the chemical ingredients might not be listed or recognized even after translation of the product label. This report describes the first known case in the United States of exposure to a Chinese rodenticide containing the toxin tetramethylenedisulfotetramine (TETS), a convulsant poison. The report of this investigation highlights the need to prevent such poisonings through increased public education, awareness, and enforcement of laws banning the importation of illegal toxic chemicals. JF - MMWR. Morbidity and mortality weekly report AU - Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) AD - Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) Y1 - 2003/03/14/ PY - 2003 DA - 2003 Mar 14 SP - 199 EP - 201 VL - 52 IS - 10 SN - 0149-2195, 0149-2195 KW - Bridged-Ring Compounds KW - 0 KW - Rodenticides KW - tetramethylenedisulfotetramine KW - F6TS3WME05 KW - Index Medicus KW - Infant KW - New York City -- epidemiology KW - Humans KW - Commerce KW - Female KW - China KW - Neurotoxicity Syndromes -- diagnosis KW - Bridged-Ring Compounds -- poisoning KW - Neurotoxicity Syndromes -- etiology KW - Rodenticides -- poisoning KW - Neurotoxicity Syndromes -- epidemiology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/73115334?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=MMWR.+Morbidity+and+mortality+weekly+report&rft.atitle=Poisoning+by+an+illegally+imported+Chinese+rodenticide+containing+tetramethylenedisulfotetramine--New+York+City%2C+2002.&rft.au=Centers+for+Disease+Control+and+Prevention+%28CDC%29&rft.aulast=Centers+for+Disease+Control+and+Prevention+%28CDC%29&rft.aufirst=&rft.date=2003-03-14&rft.volume=52&rft.issue=10&rft.spage=199&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=MMWR.+Morbidity+and+mortality+weekly+report&rft.issn=01492195&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 2003-04-04 N1 - Date created - 2003-03-25 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Smallpox vaccine adverse events among civilians--United States, February 25-March 3, 2003. AN - 73115374; 12650631 AB - During the civilian smallpox vaccination program, CDC, the Food and Drug Administration, and state health departments are conducting surveillance for vaccine-associated adverse events. In the first stage of the program, active surveillance is being conducted for potentially life-threatening, moderate-to-severe, and other serious adverse events and for vaccinia transmission to contacts of vaccinees (Table). Nonserious events are reported through passive surveillance and are expected to be underreported. This report summarizes smallpox vaccine adverse events reported among civilians vaccinated as of February 28, 2003, and among contacts of vaccinees, received by CDC from the Vaccine Adverse Event Reporting System (VAERS) as of March 3. JF - MMWR. Morbidity and mortality weekly report AU - Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) AD - Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) Y1 - 2003/03/07/ PY - 2003 DA - 2003 Mar 07 SP - 180 EP - 1, 191 VL - 52 IS - 9 SN - 0149-2195, 0149-2195 KW - Smallpox Vaccine KW - 0 KW - Index Medicus KW - Public Health KW - Military Personnel KW - Humans KW - Adult KW - Health Personnel KW - Eye Infections -- etiology KW - Vaccination -- adverse effects KW - Adolescent KW - United States -- epidemiology KW - Female KW - Population Surveillance KW - Vaccinia -- epidemiology KW - Adverse Drug Reaction Reporting Systems KW - Smallpox Vaccine -- adverse effects KW - Vaccinia -- etiology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/73115374?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=MMWR.+Morbidity+and+mortality+weekly+report&rft.atitle=Smallpox+vaccine+adverse+events+among+civilians--United+States%2C+February+25-March+3%2C+2003.&rft.au=Centers+for+Disease+Control+and+Prevention+%28CDC%29&rft.aulast=Centers+for+Disease+Control+and+Prevention+%28CDC%29&rft.aufirst=&rft.date=2003-03-07&rft.volume=52&rft.issue=9&rft.spage=180&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=MMWR.+Morbidity+and+mortality+weekly+report&rft.issn=01492195&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 2003-03-27 N1 - Date created - 2003-03-24 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Guidelines for case classification for the National Birth Defects Prevention Study. AN - 73369159; 12797461 AB - Previous studies have suggested that etiologic heterogeneity may complicate epidemiologic analyses designed to identify risk factors for birth defects. Case classification uses knowledge of embryologic and pathogenetic mechanisms to make case groups more homogeneous and is important to the success of birth defects studies. The goal of the National Birth Defects Prevention Study (NBDPS), an ongoing multi-site case-control study, is to identify environmental and genetic risk factors for birth defects. Information on environmental risk factors is collected through an hour-long maternal interview, and DNA is collected from the infant and both parents for evaluation of genetic risk factors. Clinical data on infants are reviewed by clinical geneticists to ensure they meet the detailed case definitions developed specifically for the study. To standardize the methods of case classification for the study, an algorithm has been developed to guide NBDPS clinical geneticists in this process. Methods for case classification into isolated, multiple, and syndrome categories are described. Defects considered minor for the purposes of case classification are defined. Differences in the approach to case classification for studies of specific defects and of specific exposures are noted. The case classification schema developed for the NBDPS may be of value to other clinicians working on epidemiologic studies of birth defects etiology. Consideration of these guidelines will lead to more comparable case groups, an important element of careful studies aimed at identifying risk factors for birth defects. JF - Birth defects research. Part A, Clinical and molecular teratology AU - Rasmussen, Sonja A AU - Olney, Richard S AU - Holmes, Lewis B AU - Lin, Angela E AU - Keppler-Noreuil, Kim M AU - Moore, Cynthia A AU - National Birth Defects Prevention Study AD - National Center on Birth Defects and Developmental Disabilities, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia 30341, USA. skr9@cdc.gov ; National Birth Defects Prevention Study Y1 - 2003/03// PY - 2003 DA - March 2003 SP - 193 EP - 201 VL - 67 IS - 3 SN - 1542-0752, 1542-0752 KW - DNA KW - 9007-49-2 KW - Index Medicus KW - Humans KW - Algorithms KW - DNA -- analysis KW - Infant, Newborn KW - Maternal Exposure KW - Pregnancy KW - Infant KW - Risk Factors KW - Adult KW - Genetic Predisposition to Disease KW - United States -- epidemiology KW - Female KW - Male KW - Registries KW - Congenital Abnormalities -- prevention & control KW - Congenital Abnormalities -- classification KW - Congenital Abnormalities -- etiology KW - Population Surveillance -- methods UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/73369159?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Birth+defects+research.+Part+A%2C+Clinical+and+molecular+teratology&rft.atitle=Guidelines+for+case+classification+for+the+National+Birth+Defects+Prevention+Study.&rft.au=Rasmussen%2C+Sonja+A%3BOlney%2C+Richard+S%3BHolmes%2C+Lewis+B%3BLin%2C+Angela+E%3BKeppler-Noreuil%2C+Kim+M%3BMoore%2C+Cynthia+A%3BNational+Birth+Defects+Prevention+Study&rft.aulast=Rasmussen&rft.aufirst=Sonja&rft.date=2003-03-01&rft.volume=67&rft.issue=3&rft.spage=193&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Birth+defects+research.+Part+A%2C+Clinical+and+molecular+teratology&rft.issn=15420752&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 2003-10-27 N1 - Date created - 2003-06-11 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Preparation and examination of proposed consensus reference standards for fiber-counting. AN - 73193560; 12688854 AB - This study provided standard reference materials for fiber-counting by phase-contrast microscopy (PCM). PCM is subject to many sources of variation, including those dependent on the microscopist, so reference standards cannot be produced that are traceable to national or international standard units. Consensus standards using a "true value" agreed on by a number of laboratories may be acceptable. Reference slides for fiber-counting can be prepared using a proprietary process of grid overlay in which the fields of view defined by the grids are identifiable and relocatable. Multiple microscopists then can examine exactly the same areas of samples, reducing one source of potential variation. Twelve slides prepared from proficiency test samples of the American Industrial Hygiene Association (AIHA) Industrial Hygiene Laboratory Quality Program were used in this study, four each of chrysotile asbestos, amosite asbestos, and man-made mineral fibers. Five microscopists from AIHA-accredited laboratories, plus the inventor of the grid process, examined the slides in a blind study. This group represented commercial analytical companies, in-house corporate laboratories, research institutions, and universities. The six microscopists met to obtain consensus agreement on the fibers in each designated field classified as countable under National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health Method 7400. Slides and documentation were forwarded to AIHA for training or other purposes. Examination of the results by statistical methods showed that some microscopists' results were significantly different from others, even though all analysts would have been considered proficient with respect to the final consensus values. Although the reasons for the outliers are complex, this procedure may have value in selecting reference laboratories in proficiency test schemes, possibly leading to more defensible "true" values and tighter limits of variation. JF - AIHA journal : a journal for the science of occupational and environmental health and safety AU - Harper, Martin AU - Bartolucci, Al AD - Department of Environmental Health Sciences, School of Public Health, University of Alabama at Birmingham, RPHB 317, 1530 3rd Ave. S., Birmingham, AL 35294-0022, USA. mharper@cdc.gov PY - 2003 SP - 283 EP - 287 VL - 64 IS - 2 SN - 1542-8117, 1542-8117 KW - Mineral Fibers KW - 0 KW - Asbestos KW - 1332-21-4 KW - Index Medicus KW - United States KW - Reference Values KW - Reproducibility of Results KW - Humans KW - Observer Variation KW - Quality Control KW - National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (U.S.) KW - Asbestos -- analysis KW - Air Pollution, Indoor -- analysis KW - Mineral Fibers -- analysis KW - Occupational Health -- statistics & numerical data KW - Guidelines as Topic UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/73193560?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Annals+of+the+New+York+Academy+of+Sciences&rft.atitle=Investigation+of+a+Focus+of+Q+Fever+in+a+Nonfarming+Population+in+the+Federation+of+Bosnia+and+Herzegovina&rft.au=McQUISTON%2C+J+H%3BGibbons%2C+R+V%3BVelic%2C+R%3BNicholson%2C+W+L%3BCastrodale%2C+L%3BWainright%2C+Sh%3BVANNIEWENHOVEN%2C+T+J%3BMorgan%2C+E+W%3BARAPOVIC%2C+L%3BDELILIC%2C+A%3BO%27Reilly%2C+M%3BBajrovic%2C+T&rft.aulast=McQUISTON&rft.aufirst=J&rft.date=2003-06-01&rft.volume=990&rft.issue=1&rft.spage=229&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Annals+of+the+New+York+Academy+of+Sciences&rft.issn=00778923&rft_id=info:doi/10.1111%2Fj.1749-6632.2003.tb07368.x LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 2003-07-15 N1 - Date created - 2003-04-11 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - CDC updates guidelines for prevention of perinatal group B streptococcal disease. AN - 73116015; 12643369 JF - American family physician AU - Morantz, Carrie A AU - CDC AD - CDC Y1 - 2003/03/01/ PY - 2003 DA - 2003 Mar 01 SP - 1121 EP - 6, 1129-30 VL - 67 IS - 5 SN - 0002-838X, 0002-838X KW - Penicillins KW - 0 KW - Abridged Index Medicus KW - Index Medicus KW - Mass Screening KW - Humans KW - Gestational Age KW - Infant, Newborn KW - Algorithms KW - Infant Mortality KW - Penicillins -- therapeutic use KW - Penicillins -- adverse effects KW - Female KW - Antibiotic Prophylaxis -- adverse effects KW - Pregnancy KW - Pregnancy Complications, Infectious -- prevention & control KW - Pregnancy Complications, Infectious -- diagnosis KW - Streptococcal Infections -- diagnosis KW - Streptococcal Infections -- prevention & control KW - Streptococcus agalactiae -- isolation & purification KW - Pregnancy Complications, Infectious -- drug therapy UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/73116015?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=American+family+physician&rft.atitle=CDC+updates+guidelines+for+prevention+of+perinatal+group+B+streptococcal+disease.&rft.au=Morantz%2C+Carrie+A%3BCDC&rft.aulast=Morantz&rft.aufirst=Carrie&rft.date=2003-03-01&rft.volume=67&rft.issue=5&rft.spage=1121&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=American+family+physician&rft.issn=0002838X&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 2003-06-18 N1 - Date created - 2003-03-19 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - HLA-DPB1 and chronic beryllium disease: a HuGE review. AN - 73076938; 12615603 AB - The human leukocyte antigen (HLA) complex is a series of genes located on chromosome 6 that are important in normal immune function. Susceptibility to chronic beryllium disease, a granulomatous lung disease that appears in workers exposed to beryllium, is modified by genetic variants of the HLA-DP subregion. Evaluation of HLA-DPB1 sequence motifs in current and former beryllium workers implicated a glutamic acid residue at position 69 (HLA-DPB1(Glu69)) in chronic beryllium disease. This finding has since been extended to specific HLA-DPB1(Glu69) alleles. Specific job tasks have also been implicated in degree of risk, and in this paper the authors explore gene-environment interaction. The utility of this genetic information for prospective, current, and former beryllium workers must be weighed against the potential for employment and insurance discrimination. Continued research in the beryllium-exposed population will be important for improving personal risk assessment and identifying high-risk genes associated with disease progression. JF - American journal of epidemiology AU - McCanlies, Erin C AU - Kreiss, Kathleen AU - Andrew, Michael AU - Weston, Ainsley AD - Biostatistics and Epidemiology Branch, Health Effects Laboratory Division, National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Morgantown, WV 26505, USA. eim4@cdc.gov Y1 - 2003/03/01/ PY - 2003 DA - 2003 Mar 01 SP - 388 EP - 398 VL - 157 IS - 5 SN - 0002-9262, 0002-9262 KW - HLA-DP Antigens KW - 0 KW - HLA-DP beta-Chains KW - HLA-DPB1 antigen KW - Index Medicus KW - Genetic Variation KW - Genetic Testing KW - Humans KW - Chronic Disease KW - Genetic Predisposition to Disease KW - Chromosomes, Human, Pair 6 KW - Occupational Diseases -- genetics KW - Berylliosis -- epidemiology KW - HLA-DP Antigens -- genetics KW - Berylliosis -- genetics UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/73076938?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=American+journal+of+epidemiology&rft.atitle=HLA-DPB1+and+chronic+beryllium+disease%3A+a+HuGE+review.&rft.au=McCanlies%2C+Erin+C%3BKreiss%2C+Kathleen%3BAndrew%2C+Michael%3BWeston%2C+Ainsley&rft.aulast=McCanlies&rft.aufirst=Erin&rft.date=2003-03-01&rft.volume=157&rft.issue=5&rft.spage=388&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=American+journal+of+epidemiology&rft.issn=00029262&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 2003-03-27 N1 - Date created - 2003-03-04 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Childhood abuse, neglect, and household dysfunction and the risk of illicit drug use: the adverse childhood experiences study. AN - 73054710; 12612237 AB - Illicit drug use is identified in Healthy People 2010 as a leading health indicator because it is associated with multiple deleterious health outcomes, such as sexually transmitted diseases, human immunodeficiency virus, viral hepatitis, and numerous social problems among adolescents and adults. Improved understanding of the influence of stressful or traumatic childhood experiences on initiation and development of drug abuse is needed. We examined the relationship between illicit drug use and 10 categories of adverse childhood experiences (ACEs) and total number of ACEs (ACE score). A retrospective cohort study of 8613 adults who attended a primary care clinic in California completed a survey about childhood abuse, neglect, and household dysfunction; illicit drug use; and other health-related issues. The main outcomes measured were self-reported use of illicit drugs, including initiation during 3 age categories: or=19 years); lifetime use for each of 4 birth cohorts dating back to 1900; drug use problems; drug addiction; and parenteral drug use. Each ACE increased the likelihood for early initiation 2- to 4-fold. The ACE score had a strong graded relationship to initiation of drug use in all 3 age categories as well as to drug use problems, drug addiction, and parenteral drug use. Compared with people with 0 ACEs, people with >or=5 ACEs were 7- to 10-fold more likely to report illicit drug use problems, addiction to illicit drugs, and parenteral drug use. The attributable risk fractions as a result of ACEs for each of these illicit drug use problems were 56%, 64%, and 67%, respectively. For each of the 4 birth cohorts examined, the ACE score also had a strong graded relationship to lifetime drug use. The ACE score had a strong graded relationship to the risk of drug initiation from early adolescence into adulthood and to problems with drug use, drug addiction, and parenteral use. The persistent graded relationship between the ACE score and initiation of drug use for 4 successive birth cohorts dating back to 1900 suggests that the effects of adverse childhood experiences transcend secular changes such as increased availability of drugs, social attitudes toward drugs, and recent massive expenditures and public information campaigns to prevent drug use. Because ACEs seem to account for one half to two third of serious problems with drug use, progress in meeting the national goals for reducing drug use will necessitate serious attention to these types of common, stressful, and disturbing childhood experiences by pediatric practice. JF - Pediatrics AU - Dube, Shanta R AU - Felitti, Vincent J AU - Dong, Maxia AU - Chapman, Daniel P AU - Giles, Wayne H AU - Anda, Robert F AD - National Center for Chronic Disease Prevention and Health Promotion, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Division of Adult and Community Health, Atlanta, Georgia 30341-3717, USA. skd7@cdc.gov Y1 - 2003/03// PY - 2003 DA - March 2003 SP - 564 EP - 572 VL - 111 IS - 3 KW - Abridged Index Medicus KW - Index Medicus KW - Age Factors KW - Humans KW - Child of Impaired Parents -- psychology KW - Retrospective Studies KW - Child KW - Life Change Events KW - Risk Factors KW - Adult KW - Cohort Studies KW - Health Surveys KW - Child of Impaired Parents -- statistics & numerical data KW - Adolescent KW - California -- epidemiology KW - Substance-Related Disorders -- diagnosis KW - Child Abuse -- psychology KW - Child Abuse -- statistics & numerical data KW - Family Health KW - Substance-Related Disorders -- epidemiology KW - Parents -- psychology KW - Child Abuse -- diagnosis UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/73054710?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Pediatrics&rft.atitle=Childhood+abuse%2C+neglect%2C+and+household+dysfunction+and+the+risk+of+illicit+drug+use%3A+the+adverse+childhood+experiences+study.&rft.au=Dube%2C+Shanta+R%3BFelitti%2C+Vincent+J%3BDong%2C+Maxia%3BChapman%2C+Daniel+P%3BGiles%2C+Wayne+H%3BAnda%2C+Robert+F&rft.aulast=Dube&rft.aufirst=Shanta&rft.date=2003-03-01&rft.volume=111&rft.issue=3&rft.spage=564&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Pediatrics&rft.issn=1098-4275&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 2003-06-02 N1 - Date created - 2003-03-03 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Toxigenic Vibrio cholerae serogroup O141-associated cholera-like diarrhea and bloodstream infection in the United States. AN - 73043018; 12599062 AB - Toxigenic Vibrio cholerae serogroup O141 has been associated with sporadic cholera-like diarrhea and bloodstream infection in the United States. Consumption of seafood and proximity to the coast may increase the risk of infection. All V. cholerae isolates recovered from stool samples of patients with diarrhea or from a normally sterile site should be serogrouped and assessed for cholera toxin production. Improved surveillance and case-control studies are needed to further characterize illness and risk factors for V. cholerae O141 infection. JF - The Journal of infectious diseases AU - Crump, John A AU - Bopp, Cheryl A AU - Greene, Katherine D AU - Kubota, Kristy A AU - Middendorf, Rebecca L AU - Wells, Joy G AU - Mintz, Eric D AD - Foodborne and Diarrheal Diseases Branch, Division of Bacterial and Mycotic Diseases, National Center for Infectious Diseases, MS A-38, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, 1600 Clifton Road, Atlanta, GA 30333, USA. jcrump@cdc.gov Y1 - 2003/03/01/ PY - 2003 DA - 2003 Mar 01 SP - 866 EP - 868 VL - 187 IS - 5 SN - 0022-1899, 0022-1899 KW - Cholera Toxin KW - 9012-63-9 KW - Abridged Index Medicus KW - Index Medicus KW - Aged, 80 and over KW - Humans KW - Adult KW - Electrophoresis, Gel, Pulsed-Field KW - Serotyping KW - Aged KW - Middle Aged KW - United States -- epidemiology KW - Male KW - Female KW - Vibrio cholerae -- genetics KW - Bacteremia -- microbiology KW - Bacteremia -- epidemiology KW - Cholera -- microbiology KW - Cholera -- epidemiology KW - Diarrhea -- epidemiology KW - Diarrhea -- microbiology KW - Vibrio cholerae -- classification KW - Cholera Toxin -- metabolism UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/73043018?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Journal+of+infectious+diseases&rft.atitle=Toxigenic+Vibrio+cholerae+serogroup+O141-associated+cholera-like+diarrhea+and+bloodstream+infection+in+the+United+States.&rft.au=Crump%2C+John+A%3BBopp%2C+Cheryl+A%3BGreene%2C+Katherine+D%3BKubota%2C+Kristy+A%3BMiddendorf%2C+Rebecca+L%3BWells%2C+Joy+G%3BMintz%2C+Eric+D&rft.aulast=Crump&rft.aufirst=John&rft.date=2003-03-01&rft.volume=187&rft.issue=5&rft.spage=866&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=The+Journal+of+infectious+diseases&rft.issn=00221899&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 2003-04-03 N1 - Date created - 2003-02-24 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Estimating aerosol surface area from number and mass concentration measurements. AN - 73030089; 12581997 AB - A number of toxicology studies have been published indicating that health effects associated with low-solubility inhaled particles may be more appropriately associated with particulate surface area than mass. While exposure data from the workplace is needed to further investigate the relevance of such an association, the means of measuring exposure to aerosol surface area are not readily available. A possible interim solution is to estimate surface area from measurements of particle number and mass concentration using readily available direct-reading instruments. By assuming a lognormal aerosol size distribution with a specific geometric standard deviation, number and mass concentration measurements may be used to estimate the surface area concentration associated with the distribution. Simulations have shown that surface area estimates made on unimodal lognormal aerosols will frequently lie within 100% of the actual value. Simulations using bimodal distributions indicate estimates of surface area vary from the actual value by less than an order of magnitude. Calculations based on experimental unimodal and bimodal data confirm these findings, with estimated surface area rarely being a factor of 4 greater than the actual value, and frequently being much closer than this. These findings indicate that estimating aerosol surface area exposure using readily available number and mass concentration direct-reading instruments may be suitable for providing initial data on the magnitude of surface area exposures with minimal additional effort. This would allow the accumulation of valuable exposure-response data prior to the development and implementation of more sophisticated instrumentation to more accurately estimate surface area exposure. JF - The Annals of occupational hygiene AU - Maynard, Andrew D AD - National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, 4676 Columbia Parkway, Cincinnati, OH 45226, USA. zel5@cdc.gov Y1 - 2003/03// PY - 2003 DA - March 2003 SP - 123 EP - 144 VL - 47 IS - 2 SN - 0003-4878, 0003-4878 KW - Aerosols KW - 0 KW - Air Pollutants, Occupational KW - Index Medicus KW - Particle Size KW - Humans KW - Surface Properties KW - Occupational Health KW - Air Pollutants, Occupational -- adverse effects KW - Algorithms UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/73030089?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Annals+of+occupational+hygiene&rft.atitle=Estimating+aerosol+surface+area+from+number+and+mass+concentration+measurements.&rft.au=Maynard%2C+Andrew+D&rft.aulast=Maynard&rft.aufirst=Andrew&rft.date=2003-03-01&rft.volume=47&rft.issue=2&rft.spage=123&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=The+Annals+of+occupational+hygiene&rft.issn=00034878&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 2003-05-20 N1 - Date created - 2003-02-12 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Sexual Health Risks among Young Thai Women: Implications for HIV/STD Prevention and Contraception AN - 61517189; 200305496 AB - This paper examines factors that may place female Thai adolescents & young adults at risk for HIV, sexually transmitted diseases (STDs), & unintended pregnancies. A total of 832 female vocational students participated in a cross-sectional audio-computer-assisted self-interview (ACASI) survey after providing informed consent. The questionnaire covered: sociodemographic characteristics; knowledge, attitudes, & beliefs related to HIV & STDs; contraceptive practices; sexual experiences & behaviors; & drug use. Oral fluid was tested for HIV antibodies & urine was tested for illicit drugs & for the presence of gonococcal or chlamydial nucleic acids. A total of 359 women (43.1%) reported sexual intercourse history, with an average age at first sex of 17.6 years, & a 2.6 mean number of lifetime sex partners. Twenty-one percent of the entire sample reported coerced sexual contact or intercourse. Among those with sexual intercourse experience, 27.3% (n = 98) had been pregnant & the majority of their most recent pregnancies were terminated. Three tested positive for HIV antibodies. Sexually active young Thai women report behaviors or experiences that may expose them to HIV/STD infection & unintended pregnancy in the future. These include unprotected intercourse, sexual coercion, low levels of contraceptive use, & drug & alcohol use. Culturally appropriate interventions that increase their awareness of & ability to respond to these sexual health risks are needed. 5 Tables, 50 References. Adapted from the source document. JF - AIDS and Behavior AU - Allen, Denise Roth AU - Carey, James W AU - Manopaiboon, Chomnad AU - Jenkins, Richard A AU - Uthaivoravit, Wat AU - Kilmarx, Peter H AU - Van Griensven, Frits AD - c/o Van Griensven -- Thailand MOPH-US CDC Collaboration, Ministry Public Health, Nonthaburi Y1 - 2003/03// PY - 2003 DA - March 2003 SP - 9 EP - 21 VL - 7 IS - 1 SN - 1090-7165, 1090-7165 KW - Substance Abuse KW - Birth Control KW - Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndrome KW - Thailand KW - Venereal Diseases KW - Intervention KW - Unwanted Pregnancy KW - Young Adults KW - Sociodemographic Characteristics KW - Condoms KW - Sexual Behavior KW - Risk Factors KW - Females KW - Adolescents KW - article KW - 6126: acquired immune deficiency syndrome (AIDS) UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/61517189?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Asocialservices&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=AIDS+and+Behavior&rft.atitle=Sexual+Health+Risks+among+Young+Thai+Women%3A+Implications+for+HIV%2FSTD+Prevention+and+Contraception&rft.au=Allen%2C+Denise+Roth%3BCarey%2C+James+W%3BManopaiboon%2C+Chomnad%3BJenkins%2C+Richard+A%3BUthaivoravit%2C+Wat%3BKilmarx%2C+Peter+H%3BVan+Griensven%2C+Frits&rft.aulast=Allen&rft.aufirst=Denise&rft.date=2003-03-01&rft.volume=7&rft.issue=1&rft.spage=9&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=AIDS+and+Behavior&rft.issn=10907165&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - Social Services Abstracts N1 - Date revised - 2007-05-01 N1 - Last updated - 2016-09-28 N1 - CODEN - AIBEFC N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Risk Factors; Thailand; Venereal Diseases; Unwanted Pregnancy; Sexual Behavior; Females; Sociodemographic Characteristics; Intervention; Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndrome; Birth Control; Condoms; Substance Abuse; Young Adults; Adolescents ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Dimensions of the Emerging Orphan Crisis in Sub-Saharan Africa AN - 60469750; 200315620 AB - This study uses recent Demographic & Health Survey (DHS) data to examine levels, trends, & differentials in orphan prevalence in sub-Saharan Africa. The first part of the analysis presents direct estimates of orphan prevalence in 17 countries during the period 1995-2000. We find a strong correlation between orphanhood prevalence & national adult HIV prevalence estimates lending support to the interpretation of the orphan crisis as, in large part, AIDS-related. The second part of the analysis consists of an in-depth study of trends & age-patterns in orphan prevalence & welfare in the 1990s for five countries that have had widely divergent HIV prevalence levels (Zimbabwe, Kenya, Tanzania, Ghana, & Niger). The vulnerability of orphans with respect to their situation in households & educational opportunities is evaluated in relation to non-orphans' experience. The results of the analysis indicate that losing one or both parents is significantly associated with diminished chances of being at the appropriate grade level for age. Our results are interpreted in the context of societal responses to the crisis, & potential recommendations for intervention. 6 Tables, 5 Figures, 13 References. Adapted from the source document. JF - Social Science and Medicine AU - Bicego, George AU - Rutstein, Shea AU - Johnson, Kiersten AD - Global AIDS Program, Centers Disease Control & Prevention, Atlanta, GA gbicego@cdc.gov Y1 - 2003/03// PY - 2003 DA - March 2003 SP - 1235 EP - 1247 VL - 56 IS - 6 SN - 0277-9536, 0277-9536 KW - Crisis Intervention KW - Social Response KW - Crises KW - Sub Saharan Africa KW - Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndrome KW - Educational Attainment KW - Vulnerability KW - Orphans KW - article KW - 1837: demography and human biology; demography (population studies) UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/60469750?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Asocabs&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Social+Science+and+Medicine&rft.atitle=Dimensions+of+the+Emerging+Orphan+Crisis+in+Sub-Saharan+Africa&rft.au=Bicego%2C+George%3BRutstein%2C+Shea%3BJohnson%2C+Kiersten&rft.aulast=Bicego&rft.aufirst=George&rft.date=2003-03-01&rft.volume=56&rft.issue=6&rft.spage=1235&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Social+Science+and+Medicine&rft.issn=02779536&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - Sociological Abstracts N1 - Date revised - 2007-04-01 N1 - Last updated - 2016-09-28 N1 - CODEN - SSCMAW N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndrome; Orphans; Vulnerability; Crises; Educational Attainment; Sub Saharan Africa; Social Response; Crisis Intervention ER - TY - JOUR T1 - A novel technology to improve drinking water quality: a microbiological evaluation of in-home flocculation and chlorination in rural Guatemala AN - 19934971; 6112371 AB - An estimated 1 billion persons in low-income countries do not have access to improved drinking water. Chlorine, a useful water treatment agent, is less effective in turbid water, and lacks a visible effect, limiting its acceptability. A product incorporating precipitation, coagulation, flocculation, and chlorination technology (combined product) to reduce microbial, organic and heavy metal contaminants in water was evaluated. The combined product's microbiological efficacy in Guatemalan villagers' households was evaluated. One hundred randomly selected households from four neighboring Guatemalan villages were enrolled. Three groups received the combined product and either the Centers for Disease Control (CDC) water storage vessel, a covered bucket with spigot, or no vessel. One group received chlorine bleach and the CDC water storage vessel, and one group no intervention. Household water samples were collected for 4 weeks and Escherichia coli, chlorine, and turbidity levels were measured. Potable water was defined as having less than one E. coli per 100 ml. Eight (8%) baseline water samples were potable. Follow-up water samples were more likely to be potable than control samples (combined product and traditional vessel 83%; combined product and CDC vessel 92%; combined product and covered bucket with spigot 93%; chlorine and CDC vessel 92%; versus control 5%). Among combined product users, 98% reported improved water clarity compared with 45% of chlorine bleach users (p<0.0001). The combined product technology improved water potability as effectively as chlorine bleach; improved water clarity could motivate more persons to effectively treat their water. JF - Journal of Water and Health AU - Rangel, J M AU - Lopez, B AU - Mejia, MA AU - Mendoza, C AU - Luby, S AD - Foodborne and Diarrheal Diseases Branch, Mailstop A38, Division of Bacterial and Mycotic Diseases, National Center for Infectious Diseases, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA, 30333, USA, sxl2@cdc.gov Y1 - 2003/03// PY - 2003 DA - Mar 2003 SP - 15 EP - 22 VL - 1 IS - 1 SN - 1477-8920, 1477-8920 KW - Microbiology Abstracts A: Industrial & Applied Microbiology; Microbiology Abstracts B: Bacteriology; Pollution Abstracts; Health & Safety Science Abstracts; Aqualine Abstracts; Water Resources Abstracts KW - Bleaches KW - Water treatment KW - Guatemala KW - Escherichia coli KW - Water Treatment KW - Chlorine KW - A 01380:Plant Protection, Fungicides & Seed Treatments KW - H 3000:Environment and Ecology KW - P 2000:FRESHWATER POLLUTION KW - SW 3060:Water treatment and distribution KW - J 02400:Human Diseases KW - AQ 00004:Water Treatment UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/19934971?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aaqualine&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Water+and+Health&rft.atitle=A+novel+technology+to+improve+drinking+water+quality%3A+a+microbiological+evaluation+of+in-home+flocculation+and+chlorination+in+rural+Guatemala&rft.au=Rangel%2C+J+M%3BLopez%2C+B%3BMejia%2C+MA%3BMendoza%2C+C%3BLuby%2C+S&rft.aulast=Rangel&rft.aufirst=J&rft.date=2003-03-01&rft.volume=1&rft.issue=1&rft.spage=15&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+Water+and+Health&rft.issn=14778920&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2005-04-01 N1 - Last updated - 2014-02-11 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Chlorine; Water treatment; Water Treatment; Escherichia coli; Guatemala ER - TY - JOUR T1 - The Maritime Continent and Its Role in the Global Climate: A GCM Study AN - 18902895; 5631623 AB - The Maritime Continent, with its complex system of islands and shallow seas, presents a major challenge to models, which tend to systematically underestimate the precipitation in this region. Experiments with a climate version of the Met Office model (HadAM3) show that even with a threefold increase in horizontal resolution there is no improvement in the dry bias. It is argued that the diurnal cycle over the islands and the complex circulation patterns generated by land-sea contrasts are crucial for the energy and hydrological cycles of the Maritime Continent and for determining the mean climate. It is shown that the model has substantial errors in its simulation of the diurnal cycle over the islands, which can rectify onto the seasonal mean climate. It is further argued that deficient rainfall over the Maritime Continent could be a driver for other systematic errors, such as the excess precipitation over the western Indian Ocean. To demonstrate the sensitivity of global systematic model errors to the heating in this region, two experiments have been performed, one with the existing distribution of islands and a second where the island grid points are replaced by ocean grid points. In the absence of the islands of the Maritime Continent, the local precipitation increases by 15%, reducing the existing dry bias and bringing the model closer to observations. In response to this improved heating distribution, precipitation decreases over the west Indian Ocean and South Pacific convergence zone, reducing the systematic wet bias in these regions. This supports the hypothesis that tropical systematic errors are often related through vertical (Walker) circulations. The extratropical response to changes in the Maritime Continent heat source is also well demonstrated by these experiments. The enhanced heating and, hence, divergent outflow generates Rossby waves, which have a significant impact on the winter circulation and surface temperatures across much of North America and the northeast Eurasian region. These changes are such as to substantially reduce model systematic error in these regions. These results reinforce the critical role played by the Maritime Continent in the global circulation. It emphasizes the need for better representation of convective organization over regions of complex land-sea terrains and the importance of considering the global context of model systematic errors in which biases in the Tropics may be a key factor. JF - Journal of Climate AU - Neale, R AU - Slingo, J AD - NOAA-CIRES Climate Diagnostics Center, R/CDC1, 325 Broadway, Boulder, CO 80305-3328, rneale@cdc.noaa.gov Y1 - 2003/03// PY - 2003 DA - Mar 2003 SP - 834 EP - 848 PB - American Meteorological Society VL - 16 IS - 5 SN - 0894-8755, 0894-8755 KW - Climate model errors KW - Climate models KW - General Circulation Model KW - ASFA 2: Ocean Technology Policy & Non-Living Resources; ASFA 3: Aquatic Pollution & Environmental Quality; Oceanic Abstracts; Meteorological & Geoastrophysical Abstracts KW - Convergence zones KW - IS, South Pacific KW - Coastal states KW - Climatic changes KW - Models KW - Surface circulation KW - Eurasia KW - Ocean-atmosphere system KW - Island climates KW - Marine KW - ISW, Indian Ocean KW - North America KW - Oceanic islands KW - ISW, West Indian Ocean KW - Planetary waves KW - Outflow KW - ISEW, South Pacific, South Pacific Convergence Zone KW - Ocean circulation KW - Atmospheric circulation KW - Errors KW - Ecosystem disturbance KW - Ocean currents KW - Continents KW - Coastal oceanography KW - Q2 09242:Observations and measurements at sea KW - O 2010:Physical Oceanography KW - M2 551.588.1:Land and sea distribution. Degree of continentality (551.588.1) KW - M2 551.581.1:Theoretical climatology. Climatic models. Solar climate (551.581.1) KW - Q5 08521:Mechanical and natural changes UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/18902895?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aasfaaquaticpollution&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Climate&rft.atitle=The+Maritime+Continent+and+Its+Role+in+the+Global+Climate%3A+A+GCM+Study&rft.au=Neale%2C+R%3BSlingo%2C+J&rft.aulast=Neale&rft.aufirst=R&rft.date=2003-03-01&rft.volume=16&rft.issue=5&rft.spage=834&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+Climate&rft.issn=08948755&rft_id=info:doi/10.1175%2F1520-0442%282003%29016%280834%3ATMCAIR%292.0.CO%3B2 LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Last updated - 2014-05-07 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Convergence zones; Oceanic islands; Coastal states; Planetary waves; Climatic changes; Outflow; Ocean circulation; Atmospheric circulation; Errors; Ecosystem disturbance; Models; Ocean currents; Continents; Surface circulation; Coastal oceanography; Ocean-atmosphere system; Climate models; Climate model errors; Island climates; North America; ISW, Indian Ocean; ISW, West Indian Ocean; IS, South Pacific; Eurasia; ISEW, South Pacific, South Pacific Convergence Zone; Marine DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1175/1520-0442(2003)016(0834:TMCAIR)2.0.CO;2 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Recreational exposure to aerosolized brevetoxins during Florida red tide events AN - 18843368; 5614217 AB - During two separate Karenia brevis red tide events, we measured the levels of brevetoxins in air and water samples, conducted personal interviews, and performed pulmonary function tests on people before and after they visited one of two Florida beaches. One hundred and twenty-nine people participated in the study, which we conducted during red tide events in Sarasota and Jacksonville, FL, USA. Exposure was categorized into three levels: low/no exposure, moderate exposure, and high exposure. Lower respiratory symptoms (e.g. wheezing) were reported by 8% of unexposed people, 11% of the moderately exposed people, and 28% of the highly exposed people. We performed nasal-pharyngeal swabs on people who experienced moderate or high exposure, and we found an inflammatory response in over 33% of these participants. We did not find any clinically significant changes in pulmonary function test results; however, the study population was small. In future epidemiologic studies, we plan to further investigate the human health impact of inhaled brevetoxins. JF - Harmful Algae AU - Backer, L C AU - Fleming, LE AU - Rowan, A AU - Cheng, Y-S AU - Benson, J AU - Pierce, R H AU - Zaias, J AU - Bean, J AU - Bossart, G D AU - Johnson, D AU - Quimbo, R AU - Baden, D G AD - National Center for Environmental Health, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, 1600 Clifton Road NE, MS E-23, Atlanta, GA 30333, USA, lfb9@cdc.gov Y1 - 2003/03// PY - 2003 DA - Mar 2003 SP - 19 EP - 28 PB - Elsevier Science B. V. VL - 2 IS - 1 SN - 1568-9883, 1568-9883 KW - Brevetoxin KW - Inhalation KW - ASFA 3: Aquatic Pollution & Environmental Quality; ASFA 1: Biological Sciences & Living Resources; Oceanic Abstracts; Toxicology Abstracts KW - Algal blooms KW - USA, Florida KW - Red tides KW - Respiration KW - Bathing KW - Phytoplankton KW - Poisonous organisms KW - Dinophyta KW - Risks KW - ASW, USA, Florida, Sarasota KW - Public health KW - Recreational waters KW - Beaches KW - Aerosols KW - Biological poisons KW - ASW, USA, Florida, Jacksonville KW - Toxins KW - Water pollution KW - Air pollution KW - Brevetoxins KW - Sublethal effects KW - Karenia brevis KW - Neurotoxins KW - Q1 08461:Plankton KW - X 24171:Microbial KW - O 1080:Multi-disciplinary Studies KW - Q5 08524:Public health, medicines, dangerous organisms UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/18843368?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aasfaaquaticpollution&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Harmful+Algae&rft.atitle=Recreational+exposure+to+aerosolized+brevetoxins+during+Florida+red+tide+events&rft.au=Backer%2C+L+C%3BFleming%2C+LE%3BRowan%2C+A%3BCheng%2C+Y-S%3BBenson%2C+J%3BPierce%2C+R+H%3BZaias%2C+J%3BBean%2C+J%3BBossart%2C+G+D%3BJohnson%2C+D%3BQuimbo%2C+R%3BBaden%2C+D+G&rft.aulast=Backer&rft.aufirst=L&rft.date=2003-03-01&rft.volume=2&rft.issue=1&rft.spage=19&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Harmful+Algae&rft.issn=15689883&rft_id=info:doi/10.1016%2FS1568-9883%2803%2900005-2 LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Last updated - 2014-05-07 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Algal blooms; Aerosols; Beaches; Red tides; Biological poisons; Respiration; Bathing; Phytoplankton; Poisonous organisms; Risks; Public health; Sublethal effects; Recreational waters; Neurotoxins; Air pollution; Brevetoxins; Water pollution; Toxins; Karenia brevis; Dinophyta; USA, Florida; ASW, USA, Florida, Jacksonville; ASW, USA, Florida, Sarasota DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S1568-9883(03)00005-2 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Paracoccus yeeii sp. nov. (Formerly CDC Group EO-2), a Novel Bacterial Species Associated with Human Infection AN - 18695932; 5588545 AB - CDC eugonic oxidizer group 2 (EO-2) is a group of unclassified gram-negative bacterial strains isolated from various human sources. As determined by biochemical tests and analyses of fatty acid compositions, these organisms form a homogeneous group that appears to be distinct from but related to other Paracoccus species. Molecular studies were performed on a set of 13 EO-2 strains from various clinical sources and geographic locations in the United States and Canada to determine their relationship to the Paracoccus genus. Control strains were Paracoccus denitrificans ATCC 17741 super(T), P. versutus ATCC 25364 super(T), P. aminophilus ATCC 49673 super(T), P. solventivorans ATCC 700252 super(T), and Psychrobacter immobilis ATCC 43116 super(T), which are phenotypically similar to EO-2. Nearly complete (1,500- base) 16S rRNA gene sequencing of eight EO-2 strains showed a high level of sequence similarity (>99.3%) within the group, and a BLAST search of GenBank placed the EO-2 cluster in close proximity to Paracoccus species (95 to 97% similarity). DNA-DNA hybridization studies of 13 of the EO-2 strains showed all to be related at the species level, with >70% relatedness under stringent conditions and a divergence within the group of less than 2%. None of the Paracoccus control strains hybridized at >54% with any of the EO-2 strains. These results indicate that EO-2 represents a new Paracoccus species, the first isolated from human clinical specimens. A new species, Paracoccus yeeii, is proposed for the EO-2 strains. The type strain of P. yeeii is CDCG1212 (ATCC BAA-599 and CCUG 46822), isolated in Pennsylvania from dialysate of a 77-year-old male with peritonitis. JF - Journal of Clinical Microbiology AU - Daneshvar, MI AU - Hollis, D G AU - Weyant, R S AU - Steigerwalt, A G AU - Whitney, A M AU - Douglas, M P AU - Macgregor, J P AU - Jordan, J G AU - Mayer, L W AU - Rassouli, S M AU - Barchet, W AU - Munro, C AU - Shuttleworth, L AU - Bernard, K AD - Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, 1600 Clifton Rd., Mailstop D11, Atlanta, GA 30333, MDaneshvar@CDC.GOV Y1 - 2003/03// PY - 2003 DA - Mar 2003 SP - 1289 EP - 1294 VL - 41 IS - 3 SN - 0095-1137, 0095-1137 KW - Microbiology Abstracts B: Bacteriology KW - J 02710:Identification, taxonomy and typing UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/18695932?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologyb&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Clinical+Microbiology&rft.atitle=Paracoccus+yeeii+sp.+nov.+%28Formerly+CDC+Group+EO-2%29%2C+a+Novel+Bacterial+Species+Associated+with+Human+Infection&rft.au=Daneshvar%2C+MI%3BHollis%2C+D+G%3BWeyant%2C+R+S%3BSteigerwalt%2C+A+G%3BWhitney%2C+A+M%3BDouglas%2C+M+P%3BMacgregor%2C+J+P%3BJordan%2C+J+G%3BMayer%2C+L+W%3BRassouli%2C+S+M%3BBarchet%2C+W%3BMunro%2C+C%3BShuttleworth%2C+L%3BBernard%2C+K&rft.aulast=Daneshvar&rft.aufirst=MI&rft.date=2003-03-01&rft.volume=41&rft.issue=3&rft.spage=1289&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+Clinical+Microbiology&rft.issn=00951137&rft_id=info:doi/10.1128%2FJCM.41.3.1289-1294.2003 LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/JCM.41.3.1289-1294.2003 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Inhibition of Pneumococcal Adherence to Human Nasopharyngeal Epithelial Cells by Anti-PsaA Antibodies AN - 18693939; 5588441 AB - The role of pneumococcal (Pnc) surface adhesin A (PsaA) in the adherence of Streptococcus pneumoniae (pneumococcus) to host cells is not well defined. We examined the effect of anti-PsaA antibodies in an inhibition of adherence assay using Detroit 562 nasopharyngeal human epithelial cells. Rabbit polyclonal (Pab) anti-recombinant PsaA (rPsaA) sera, a purified mouse monoclonal antibody (MAb) (MAb 6F62G8E12), and 22 healthy adult sera with known anti-PsaA IgG levels (obtained by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay) were evaluated for their abilities to inhibit Pnc adherence to confluent monolayers (measured as percent reduction in CFU counts compared to those of uninhibited controls). Pnc adherence was dependent on capsular phenotype (no or low adherence for opaque strains). With an inoculum of 10 to 10 bacteria/well, the mean plus or minus standard deviation count in controls was 163 plus or minus 32 CFU/well for transparent strains. Low adherence was observed for a PsaA-minus mutant even at higher inoculum doses. Mean percent inhibitions of adherence with Pab and MAb were 54 and 50%, respectively. Adult sera showed inhibition in a dose-response fashion with a range of 98 to 8%, depending on the serum anti-PsaA antibody concentration. Absorption of Pab with rPsaA restored Pnc adherence to control levels. Absorption of sera with a PsaA-minus mutant did not result in a significant decrease (P >0.05) of inhibition of adherence activity. Additionally, nearly 100% of Pnc adherence was inhibited by lipidated rPsaA at 2.5 mu g/ml. Our data support the argument that PsaA is an adhesin that mediates Pnc adherence to human nasopharyngeal cells. This functional assay may be useful in evaluating antibodies elicited in response to PsaA vaccination. JF - Clinical and Diagnostic Laboratory Immunology AU - Romero-Steiner, S AU - Pilishvili, T AU - Sampson, J S AU - Johnson, SE AU - Stinson, A AU - Carlone, G M AU - Ades, E W AD - MS A-36, Respiratory Diseases Immunology Section, Respiratory Diseases Branch, Division of Bacterial and Mycotic Diseases, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, 1600 Clifton Rd., Atlanta, GA 30333, SSteiner@cdc.gov Y1 - 2003/03// PY - 2003 DA - Mar 2003 SP - 246 EP - 251 VL - 10 IS - 2 SN - 1071-412X, 1071-412X KW - PsaA protein KW - man KW - surface adhesin A KW - Microbiology Abstracts B: Bacteriology; Immunology Abstracts KW - F 06801:Bacteria KW - J 02845:Ear, nose and respiratory tract UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/18693939?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologyb&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Child+abuse+%26+neglect&rft.atitle=The+relationship+of+exposure+to+childhood+sexual+abuse+to+other+forms+of+abuse%2C+neglect%2C+and+household+dysfunction+during+childhood.&rft.au=Dong%2C+Maxia%3BAnda%2C+Robert+F%3BDube%2C+Shanta+R%3BGiles%2C+Wayne+H%3BFelitti%2C+Vincent+J&rft.aulast=Dong&rft.aufirst=Maxia&rft.date=2003-06-01&rft.volume=27&rft.issue=6&rft.spage=625&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Child+abuse+%26+neglect&rft.issn=01452134&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/CDLI.10.2.246-251.2003 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - DIFFERENCES IN ACCESS TO HEALTH CARE SERVICES AMONG ADULTS IN RURAL AMERICA BY RURAL CLASSIFICATION CATEGORIES AND AGE AN - 1673612165 AB - Objective: To study differences in excess to health care services between different population groups in rural areas of the United States. Design: Using data from the 1994 National Health Interview Survey and the 1991 Area Resource File, we examined the differences in excess with seven measures: having a regular source of care, having a usual place of care, having health insurance coverage, delaying medical care because of cost for all rural residents; number of doctor visits, number of hospital discharges and length of hospital stay per discharge for those who reported their health as being either poor or fair. Rural residents were classified by ages and grouped into four rural classification categories that were characterised along two dimensions: adjacent to a metropolitan statistical area (MSA) (yes/no) and inclusion of a city of at least 10 000 people (yes/no). Setting: Rural areas Subjects: Rural populations. Results: Residents aged 18–24 years had the worst access to services and the residents aged 65 years and over had the best access to services when measured by regular source of care, a usual place of care and health insurance status. Compared to those aged 50–64 years, residents aged 25–49 years were less likely to report having health insurance and more likely to report delaying seeking medical care because of costs. Rural residents who lived in a county adjacent to an MSA generally were less limited in access than those who lived in a county not adjacent to an MSA. Conclusions: Rural America is not a homogeneous entity in many aspects of the access to health care services. JF - The Australian Journal of Rural Health AU - Zhang, Ping AU - Tao, Guoyu AU - Anderson, Lynda A AD - National Center for Chronic Disease Prevention and Health Promotion, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia. ; National Center for HIV, STD and TB Prevention, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia. ; National Center for HIV, STD and TB Prevention, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia., Department of Behavioural Sciences and Health Education, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia, USA. ; National Center for Chronic Disease Prevention and Health Promotion, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia. Y1 - 2003/03// PY - 2003 DA - Mar 2003 SP - 64 EP - 72 CY - Richmond PB - Wiley Subscription Services, Inc. VL - 11 IS - 2 SN - 1038-5282 KW - Medical Sciences KW - Age differences KW - Classification KW - Coverage KW - Discharge KW - Health care KW - Health costs KW - Health insurance KW - Health status KW - Insurance KW - Length of stay KW - Rural areas KW - Rural communities KW - United States--US UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/1673612165?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aassia&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Australian+Journal+of+Rural+Health&rft.atitle=DIFFERENCES+IN+ACCESS+TO+HEALTH+CARE+SERVICES+AMONG+ADULTS+IN+RURAL+AMERICA+BY+RURAL+CLASSIFICATION+CATEGORIES+AND+AGE&rft.au=Zhang%2C+Ping%3BTao%2C+Guoyu%3BAnderson%2C+Lynda+A&rft.aulast=Zhang&rft.aufirst=Ping&rft.date=2003-03-01&rft.volume=11&rft.issue=2&rft.spage=64&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=The+Australian+Journal+of+Rural+Health&rft.issn=10385282&rft_id=info:doi/10.1046%2Fj.1440-1584.2003.00454.x LA - English DB - Applied Social Sciences Index & Abstracts (ASSIA) N1 - Date revised - 2015-03-31 N1 - Last updated - 2016-05-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - United States--US DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1046/j.1440-1584.2003.00454.x ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Detection of bloodstream pathogens in a bacille Calmette-Guerin (BCG)-vaccinated pediatric population in Malawi: a pilot study AN - 1566849666; 20609887 AB - Children in Malawi receive bacille Calmette-Guerin (BCG) vaccination within the first 3 days of life. Thus, we hypothesized that Malawian children infected with the human immunodeficiency type 1 virus (HIV-1) might be particularly vulnerable to dissemination of the BCG Mycobacterium bovis strain with which they were vaccinated. Following informed consent by parents, we studied children admitted to a Malawi general hospital during the 1998 wet and dry seasons. Blood from cohorts of acutely ill children was cultured for bacteria, including mycobacteria, and fungi, and tested for anti-HIV-1 antibodies. It was shown that non-typhi Salmonella and Escherichia coli were the predominant bloodstream pathogens during the wet and dry seasons, and that bloodstream dissemination of the BCG M. bovis strain is uncommon in HIV-1-infected children who receive the BCG vaccine. JF - Clinical Microbiology and Infection AU - Archibald, L K AU - Nwanyanwu, O AU - Kazembe, P N AU - Mwansambo, C AU - Bell, M AU - Dobbie, H AU - Reller, L B AU - Jarvis, W R AD - CDC Mailstop A-35, 1600 Clifton Road, Atlanta, GA 30333, USA. Y1 - 2003/03// PY - 2003 DA - Mar 2003 SP - 234 EP - 238 PB - Wiley-Blackwell, 111 River Street Hoboken NJ 07030-5774 United States VL - 9 IS - 3 SN - 1198-743X, 1198-743X KW - Microbiology Abstracts C: Algology, Mycology & Protozoology; Microbiology Abstracts B: Bacteriology KW - Pediatrics KW - Fungi KW - Mycobacterium bovis KW - Pathogens KW - Children KW - Vaccination KW - Blood KW - Antibodies KW - Antiviral agents KW - BCG KW - Human immunodeficiency virus 1 KW - Escherichia coli KW - Vaccines KW - Salmonella KW - Hospitals KW - K 03400:Human Diseases KW - J 02350:Immunology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/1566849666?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologyb&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Clinical+Microbiology+and+Infection&rft.atitle=Detection+of+bloodstream+pathogens+in+a+bacille+Calmette-Guerin+%28BCG%29-vaccinated+pediatric+population+in+Malawi%3A+a+pilot+study&rft.au=Archibald%2C+L+K%3BNwanyanwu%2C+O%3BKazembe%2C+P+N%3BMwansambo%2C+C%3BBell%2C+M%3BDobbie%2C+H%3BReller%2C+L+B%3BJarvis%2C+W+R&rft.aulast=Archibald&rft.aufirst=L&rft.date=2003-03-01&rft.volume=9&rft.issue=3&rft.spage=234&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Clinical+Microbiology+and+Infection&rft.issn=1198743X&rft_id=info:doi/10.1046%2Fj.1469-0691.2003.00517.x LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2014-09-01 N1 - Last updated - 2014-12-11 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Blood; Antibodies; Antiviral agents; Pediatrics; BCG; Fungi; Vaccines; Pathogens; Children; Vaccination; Hospitals; Human immunodeficiency virus 1; Escherichia coli; Mycobacterium bovis; Salmonella DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1046/j.1469-0691.2003.00517.x ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Smallpox vaccine adverse events among civilians--United States, February 18-24, 2003. AN - 73091499; 12625500 AB - During the civilian smallpox vaccination program, CDC and state health departments are conducting surveillance for vaccine-associated adverse events. In the first stage of the program, active surveillance is being conducted for potentially life-threatening, moderate-to-severe, and other serious adverse events and for vaccinia transmission to contacts of vaccinees (Table). Nonserious events are reported through passive surveillance and are expected to be underreported. This report summarizes smallpox vaccine adverse events reported among civilians vaccinated as of February 21, 2003, and received by CDC from the Vaccine Adverse Event Reporting System (VAERS) as of February 24. JF - MMWR. Morbidity and mortality weekly report AU - Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) AD - Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) Y1 - 2003/02/28/ PY - 2003 DA - 2003 Feb 28 SP - 156 EP - 157 VL - 52 IS - 8 SN - 0149-2195, 0149-2195 KW - Smallpox Vaccine KW - 0 KW - Index Medicus KW - Vaccinia -- epidemiology KW - Vaccinia -- transmission KW - Humans KW - Health Personnel KW - Vaccinia -- diagnosis KW - Vaccination -- adverse effects KW - United States -- epidemiology KW - Adverse Drug Reaction Reporting Systems KW - Smallpox Vaccine -- adverse effects KW - Population Surveillance UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/73091499?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=MMWR.+Morbidity+and+mortality+weekly+report&rft.atitle=Smallpox+vaccine+adverse+events+among+civilians--United+States%2C+February+18-24%2C+2003.&rft.au=Centers+for+Disease+Control+and+Prevention+%28CDC%29&rft.aulast=Centers+for+Disease+Control+and+Prevention+%28CDC%29&rft.aufirst=&rft.date=2003-02-28&rft.volume=52&rft.issue=8&rft.spage=156&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=MMWR.+Morbidity+and+mortality+weekly+report&rft.issn=01492195&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 2003-03-11 N1 - Date created - 2003-03-10 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Secondhand smoke exposure among middle and high school students--Texas, 2001. AN - 73091437; 12625498 AB - Secondhand smoke (SHS) exposure causes approximately 3,000 deaths each year in Texas and is associated with increased morbidity caused by acute respiratory infections and asthma among children and respiratory problems among adults. Adult lung cancer risk might be increased as a result of SHS exposure during childhood and adolescence. To assess SHS exposure among middle and high school students in Texas, the Texas Department of Health (TDH) analyzed data from the 2001 Texas Youth Tobacco Survey (TYTS). This report summarizes the results of that analysis, which indicate that half of 8,687 middle school students and two-thirds of 8,696 high school students reported SHS exposure within the 7 days preceding the survey. The prevalence of SHS exposure was higher among students who reported living with a cigarette smoker or having at least one close friend who smokes. Among middle school students, the prevalence of SHS exposure was lower among those who perceived SHS to be harmful to their health. These findings emphasize the need for continuing efforts to decrease SHS exposure among youth and to increase understanding of the harmful health effects of SHS exposure. JF - MMWR. Morbidity and mortality weekly report AU - Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) AD - Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) Y1 - 2003/02/28/ PY - 2003 DA - 2003 Feb 28 SP - 152 EP - 154 VL - 52 IS - 8 SN - 0149-2195, 0149-2195 KW - Tobacco Smoke Pollution KW - 0 KW - Index Medicus KW - Texas -- epidemiology KW - Humans KW - Health Surveys KW - Child KW - Adolescent KW - Male KW - Female KW - Prevalence KW - Students -- statistics & numerical data KW - Tobacco Smoke Pollution -- statistics & numerical data UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/73091437?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=MMWR.+Morbidity+and+mortality+weekly+report&rft.atitle=Secondhand+smoke+exposure+among+middle+and+high+school+students--Texas%2C+2001.&rft.au=Centers+for+Disease+Control+and+Prevention+%28CDC%29&rft.aulast=Centers+for+Disease+Control+and+Prevention+%28CDC%29&rft.aufirst=&rft.date=2003-02-28&rft.volume=52&rft.issue=8&rft.spage=152&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=MMWR.+Morbidity+and+mortality+weekly+report&rft.issn=01492195&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 2003-03-11 N1 - Date created - 2003-03-10 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Clinical practice. Occupational exposure to HIV in health care settings. AN - 73059261; 12606738 JF - The New England journal of medicine AU - Gerberding, Julie Louise AD - Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA 30333, USA. jgerberding@cdc.gov Y1 - 2003/02/27/ PY - 2003 DA - 2003 Feb 27 SP - 826 EP - 833 VL - 348 IS - 9 KW - Anti-HIV Agents KW - 0 KW - Abridged Index Medicus KW - Index Medicus KW - Humans KW - Blood-Borne Pathogens KW - Adult KW - Practice Guidelines as Topic KW - Phlebotomy KW - Accidents, Occupational KW - Occupational Exposure KW - Allied Health Personnel KW - Anti-HIV Agents -- therapeutic use KW - HIV Infections -- transmission KW - HIV Infections -- prevention & control KW - Needlestick Injuries KW - Anti-HIV Agents -- adverse effects KW - Infectious Disease Transmission, Patient-to-Professional -- prevention & control UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/73059261?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+New+England+journal+of+medicine&rft.atitle=Clinical+practice.+Occupational+exposure+to+HIV+in+health+care+settings.&rft.au=Gerberding%2C+Julie+Louise&rft.aulast=Gerberding&rft.aufirst=Julie&rft.date=2003-02-27&rft.volume=348&rft.issue=9&rft.spage=826&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=The+New+England+journal+of+medicine&rft.issn=1533-4406&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 2003-03-06 N1 - Date created - 2003-02-27 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - SuppNotes - Comment In: N Engl J Med. 2003 Sep 11;349(11):1091-2; author reply 1091-2 [12971368] N Engl J Med. 2003 Sep 11;349(11):1091-2; author reply 1091-2 [12968099] N Engl J Med. 2003 Sep 11;349(11):1091-2; author reply 1091-2 [12971369] N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - CPAPER T1 - Semen quality assessment of nickel refinery workers AN - 39678857; 3734760 AU - Schrader, S M AU - Nikitina, N Y1 - 2003/02/25/ PY - 2003 DA - 2003 Feb 25 KW - CPI, Conference Papers Index KW - U 4300:Environmental Science KW - U 2000:Biology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/39678857?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Acpi&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=conference&rft.jtitle=&rft.atitle=Semen+quality+assessment+of+nickel+refinery+workers&rft.au=Schrader%2C+S+M%3BNikitina%2C+N&rft.aulast=Schrader&rft.aufirst=S&rft.date=2003-02-25&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - SuppNotes - Availability: Northwest Public Health Research Center, 4, ul. 2-ya, Sovetskaya, St. Petersburg, 193036, Russia; phone: 7-812-2770154; fax: 7-812-2770264; URL: www.nickelconf.narod.ru N1 - Last updated - 2010-05-03 ER - TY - CPAPER T1 - CDC in Zimbabwe: Strengthening regional surveillance and laboratory measures, supporting infrastructure development and promoting technology transfer AN - 39623868; 3725666 AU - Mayes, R Y1 - 2003/02/25/ PY - 2003 DA - 2003 Feb 25 KW - CPI, Conference Papers Index KW - U 7000:Multidisciplinary UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/39623868?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Acpi&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=conference&rft.jtitle=&rft.atitle=CDC+in+Zimbabwe%3A+Strengthening+regional+surveillance+and+laboratory+measures%2C+supporting+infrastructure+development+and+promoting+technology+transfer&rft.au=Mayes%2C+R&rft.aulast=Mayes&rft.aufirst=R&rft.date=2003-02-25&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - SuppNotes - Availability: U.S. National Committee for CODATA, Board on International Scientific Organizations, National Research Council, TNA W-541, 500 5th Street, NW, Washington, DC 20001, USA; phone: 202-334-2807 N1 - Last updated - 2010-05-03 ER - TY - CPAPER T1 - Assessment of menstrual cycle endocrine endpoints as indices of infertility AN - 39606320; 3731953 AU - Kesner, J Y1 - 2003/02/25/ PY - 2003 DA - 2003 Feb 25 KW - CPI, Conference Papers Index KW - U 4300:Environmental Science KW - U 2000:Biology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/39606320?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Acpi&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=conference&rft.jtitle=&rft.atitle=Assessment+of+menstrual+cycle+endocrine+endpoints+as+indices+of+infertility&rft.au=Kesner%2C+J&rft.aulast=Kesner&rft.aufirst=J&rft.date=2003-02-25&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - SuppNotes - Availability: Northwest Public Health Research Center, 4, ul. 2-ya, Sovetskaya, St. Petersburg, 193036, Russia; phone: 7-812-2770154; fax: 7-812-2770264; URL: www.nickelconf.narod.ru N1 - Last updated - 2010-05-03 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Potential exposures to airborne and settled surface dust in residential areas of lower Manhattan following the collapse of the World Trade Center--New York City, November 4-December 11, 2001. AN - 73084077; 12617538 AB - Following the terrorist attacks of September 11, 2001, which destroyed the World Trade Center (WTC) in lower Manhattan, the New York City (NYC) Department of Health and Mental Hygiene (DOHMH) and the Agency for Toxic Substances and Disease Registry (ATSDR), with assistance from the U.S. Public Health Service (PHS) Commissioned Corps Readiness Force and the WTC Environmental Assessment Working Group, assessed the composition of outdoor and indoor settled surface and airborne dust in residential areas around the WTC and in comparison areas. This report summarizes the results of the investigation, which found 1) similar levels of airborne total fibers in lower and in upper Manhattan, 2) greater percentage levels of synthetic vitreous fibers (SVF) and mineral components of concrete and building wallboard in settled dust of residential areas in lower Manhattan than in upper Manhattan, and 3) low levels of asbestos in some settled surface dust in lower Manhattan residential areas. Based in part on the results of this investigation, the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) is cleaning and sampling residential areas as requested by lower Manhattan residents. In addition, to assess any short- or long-term health effects of smoke, dust, and airborne substances around the WTC site, DOHMH and ATSDR are developing a registry that will track the health of persons who were most highly exposed to these materials. JF - MMWR. Morbidity and mortality weekly report AU - Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) AD - Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) Y1 - 2003/02/21/ PY - 2003 DA - 2003 Feb 21 SP - 131 EP - 136 VL - 52 IS - 7 SN - 0149-2195, 0149-2195 KW - Air Pollutants KW - 0 KW - Dust KW - Index Medicus KW - New York City KW - Aircraft KW - Humans KW - Residence Characteristics KW - Construction Materials KW - Population Surveillance KW - Registries KW - Air Pollution -- statistics & numerical data KW - Terrorism KW - Air Pollution -- analysis KW - Environmental Exposure -- statistics & numerical data KW - Environmental Exposure -- analysis KW - Air Pollutants -- analysis KW - Explosions UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/73084077?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=MMWR.+Morbidity+and+mortality+weekly+report&rft.atitle=Potential+exposures+to+airborne+and+settled+surface+dust+in+residential+areas+of+lower+Manhattan+following+the+collapse+of+the+World+Trade+Center--New+York+City%2C+November+4-December+11%2C+2001.&rft.au=Centers+for+Disease+Control+and+Prevention+%28CDC%29&rft.aulast=Centers+for+Disease+Control+and+Prevention+%28CDC%29&rft.aufirst=&rft.date=2003-02-21&rft.volume=52&rft.issue=7&rft.spage=131&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=MMWR.+Morbidity+and+mortality+weekly+report&rft.issn=01492195&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 2003-03-07 N1 - Date created - 2003-03-05 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Smallpox vaccine adverse events among civilians--United States, January 24-February 18, 2003. AN - 73071517; 12617539 AB - During the civilian smallpox vaccination program, CDC and state health departments are conducting surveillance for vaccine-associated adverse events. In the first stage of the program, active surveillance is being conducted for potentially life-threatening, moderate-to-severe, and other serious adverse events and for vaccinia transmission to contacts of vaccinees (Table). Nonserious events are reported via passive surveillance and are expected to be underreported. This report summarizes smallpox vaccine adverse events reported among civilians vaccinated as of February 14, 2003, and received by CDC from the Vaccine Adverse Event Reporting System (VAERS) as of February 18. JF - MMWR. Morbidity and mortality weekly report AU - Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) AD - Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) Y1 - 2003/02/21/ PY - 2003 DA - 2003 Feb 21 SP - 136 VL - 52 IS - 7 SN - 0149-2195, 0149-2195 KW - Smallpox Vaccine KW - 0 KW - Index Medicus KW - Vaccinia -- epidemiology KW - Vaccinia -- transmission KW - Humans KW - Health Personnel KW - Vaccinia -- diagnosis KW - Vaccination -- adverse effects KW - United States -- epidemiology KW - Adverse Drug Reaction Reporting Systems KW - Smallpox Vaccine -- adverse effects KW - Population Surveillance UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/73071517?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=MMWR.+Morbidity+and+mortality+weekly+report&rft.atitle=Smallpox+vaccine+adverse+events+among+civilians--United+States%2C+January+24-February+18%2C+2003.&rft.au=Centers+for+Disease+Control+and+Prevention+%28CDC%29&rft.aulast=Centers+for+Disease+Control+and+Prevention+%28CDC%29&rft.aufirst=&rft.date=2003-02-21&rft.volume=52&rft.issue=7&rft.spage=136&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=MMWR.+Morbidity+and+mortality+weekly+report&rft.issn=01492195&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 2003-03-07 N1 - Date created - 2003-03-05 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Smallpox Vaccine Adverse Events Monitoring and Response System for the first stage of the smallpox vaccination program. AN - 73016736; 12588007 AB - Smallpox vaccination of civilian volunteer health-care workers began on January 24, 2003. As of February 4, a total of 37 states and counties have received shipments of smallpox vaccine, and 18 states and counties have begun smallpox vaccination; no serious adverse events have been reported. To monitor the occurrence of adverse events associated with vaccination, both those expected on the basis of previous experience and possible new unexpected adverse events, CDC and state health departments have established the Smallpox Vaccine Adverse Events Monitoring and Response System. The system also will be used to monitor the effectiveness of contraindication screening, identify new contraindications, and coordinate the distribution of vaccinia immune globulin (VIG) and cidofovir to the civilian population. This notice describes the components of the system, delineates roles and responsibilities, and explains how data from the system will be compiled and communicated. JF - MMWR. Morbidity and mortality weekly report AU - Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) AD - Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) Y1 - 2003/02/07/ PY - 2003 DA - 2003 Feb 07 SP - 88 EP - 9, 99 VL - 52 IS - 5 SN - 0149-2195, 0149-2195 KW - Smallpox Vaccine KW - 0 KW - Index Medicus KW - United States KW - Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (U.S.) KW - Humans KW - Immunization Programs KW - Adverse Drug Reaction Reporting Systems KW - Smallpox Vaccine -- adverse effects KW - Smallpox Vaccine -- administration & dosage UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/73016736?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=MMWR.+Morbidity+and+mortality+weekly+report&rft.atitle=Smallpox+Vaccine+Adverse+Events+Monitoring+and+Response+System+for+the+first+stage+of+the+smallpox+vaccination+program.&rft.au=Centers+for+Disease+Control+and+Prevention+%28CDC%29&rft.aulast=Centers+for+Disease+Control+and+Prevention+%28CDC%29&rft.aufirst=&rft.date=2003-02-07&rft.volume=52&rft.issue=5&rft.spage=88&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=MMWR.+Morbidity+and+mortality+weekly+report&rft.issn=01492195&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 2003-02-25 N1 - Date created - 2003-02-17 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Evaluation of the risk of noise-induced hearing loss among unscreened male industrial workers. AN - 85404955; pmid-12597181 AB - Variability in background risk and distribution of various risk factors for hearing loss may explain some of the diversity in excess risk of noise-induced hearing loss (NIHL). This paper examines the impact of various risk factors on excess risk estimates of NIHL using data from the 1968-1972 NIOSH Occupational Noise and Hearing Survey (ONHS). Previous analyses of a subset of these data focused on 1172 highly "screened" workers. In the current analysis, an additional 894 white males (609 noise-exposed and 285 controls), who were excluded for various reasons (i.e., nonoccupational noise exposure, otologic or medical conditions affecting hearing, prior occupational noise exposure) have been added 2066) to assess excess risk of noise-induced material impairment in an unscreened population. Data are analyzed by age, duration of exposure, and sound level (8-h TWA) for four different definitions of noise-induced hearing impairment, defined as the binaural pure-tone average (PTA) hearing threshold level greater than 25 dB for the following frequencies: (a) 1-4 kHz (PTA1234), (b) 1-3 kHz (PTA123), (c) 0.5, 1, and 2 kHz (PTA512), and (d) 3, 4, and 6 kHz (PTA346). Results indicate that populations with higher background risks of hearing loss may show lower excess risks attributable to noise relative to highly screened populations. Estimates of lifetime excess risk of hearing impairment were found to be significantly different between screened and unscreened population for noise levels greater than 90 dBA. Predicted age-related risk of material hearing impairment in the ONHS unscreened population was similar to that predicted from Annex B and C of ANSI S3.44 for ages less than 60 years. Results underscore the importance of understanding differential risk patterns for hearing loss and the use of appropriate reference (control) populations when evaluating risk of noise-induced hearing impairment among contemporary industrial populations. JF - The Journal of the Acoustical Society of America AU - Prince, Mary M AU - Gilbert, Stephen J AU - Smith, Randall J AU - Stayner, Leslie T AD - Industrywide Studies Branch, Division of Surveillance, Hazard Evaluations, and Field Studies, National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, 4676 Columbia Parkway, Cincinnati, Ohio 45226, USA. mmp3@cdc.gov Y1 - 2003/02// PY - 2003 DA - Feb 2003 SP - 871 EP - 880 VL - 113 IS - 2 SN - 0001-4966, 0001-4966 KW - Index Medicus KW - National Library of Medicine KW - Adult KW - Aged KW - Audiometry, Pure-Tone KW - Auditory Threshold KW - Female KW - Health Surveys KW - Hearing Loss, Noise-Induced: epidemiology KW - *Hearing Loss, Noise-Induced: etiology KW - Hearing Loss, Noise-Induced: prevention & control KW - Humans KW - Male KW - Mass Screening KW - Middle Aged KW - National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (U.S.) KW - *Noise, Occupational: adverse effects KW - Occupational Diseases: epidemiology KW - *Occupational Diseases: etiology KW - Occupational Diseases: prevention & control KW - Risk Factors KW - Sound Spectrography KW - United States UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/85404955?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Acomdisdome&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Journal+of+the+Acoustical+Society+of+America&rft.atitle=Evaluation+of+the+risk+of+noise-induced+hearing+loss+among+unscreened+male+industrial+workers.&rft.au=Prince%2C+Mary+M%3BGilbert%2C+Stephen+J%3BSmith%2C+Randall+J%3BStayner%2C+Leslie+T&rft.aulast=Prince&rft.aufirst=Mary&rft.date=2003-02-01&rft.volume=113&rft.issue=2&rft.spage=871&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=The+Journal+of+the+Acoustical+Society+of+America&rft.issn=00014966&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English (eng) DB - ComDisDome N1 - Date revised - 2011-12-15 N1 - Last updated - 2012-07-13 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Pulmonary inflammation and crystalline silica in respirable coal mine dust: Dose response AN - 815538715; 13836434 AB - This study describes the quantitative relationships between early pulmonary responses and the estimated lungburden or cumulative exposure of respirable-quartz or coal mine dust. Data from a previous bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) study in coal miners (n = 20) and nonminers (n = 16) were used including cell counts of alveolar macrophages AMs) and polymorphonuclear leukocytes (PMNs), and the antioxidant superoxide dismutase (SOD) levels. Miners' individual working lifetime particulate exposures were estimated from work histories and mine air sampling data, and quartz lung-burdens were estimated using a lung dosimetry model. Results show that quartz, as either cumulative exposure or estimated lung-burden, was a highly statistically significant predictor of PMN response (P 0.4). This study demonstrates dose-response relationships between respirable crystalline silica in coal mine dust and pulmonary inflammation, antioxidant production, and radiographic small opacities. JF - Journal of Biosciences (Bangalore) AU - Kuempel, ED AU - Attfield, MD AU - Vallyathan, V AU - Lapp, N L AU - Hale, J M AU - Smith, R J AU - Castranova, V AD - Education and Information Division, Risk Evaluation Branch, National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health(NIOSH), 45226-1998, Cincinnati, OH, USA, ekuempel@cdc.gov Y1 - 2003/02// PY - 2003 DA - Feb 2003 SP - 61 EP - 69 PB - Springer-Verlag (Heidelberg), Tiergartenstrasse 17 Heidelberg 69121 Germany VL - 28 IS - 1 SN - 0250-5991, 0250-5991 KW - Toxicology Abstracts KW - Macrophages KW - Data processing KW - Antioxidants KW - Leukocytes (polymorphonuclear) KW - Dosimetry KW - Statistical analysis KW - Coal KW - Mines KW - Alveoli KW - Dust KW - Inflammation KW - Silica KW - Bronchus KW - Superoxide dismutase KW - Lung KW - Quartz KW - Dose-response effects KW - Coal dust KW - Sampling KW - X 24350:Industrial Chemicals UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/815538715?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxicologyabstracts&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Biosciences+%28Bangalore%29&rft.atitle=Pulmonary+inflammation+and+crystalline+silica+in+respirable+coal+mine+dust%3A+Dose+response&rft.au=Kuempel%2C+ED%3BAttfield%2C+MD%3BVallyathan%2C+V%3BLapp%2C+N+L%3BHale%2C+J+M%3BSmith%2C+R+J%3BCastranova%2C+V&rft.aulast=Kuempel&rft.aufirst=ED&rft.date=2003-02-01&rft.volume=28&rft.issue=1&rft.spage=61&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+Biosciences+%28Bangalore%29&rft.issn=02505991&rft_id=info:doi/10.1007%2FBF02970133 LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2010-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2015-11-16 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Macrophages; Antioxidants; Data processing; Leukocytes (polymorphonuclear); Dosimetry; Statistical analysis; Coal; Mines; Dust; Alveoli; Inflammation; Silica; Bronchus; Lung; Superoxide dismutase; Dose-response effects; Quartz; Coal dust; Sampling DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02970133 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Nitric oxide production by rat bronchoalveolar macrophages or polymorphonuclear leukocytes following intratracheal instillation of lipopolysaccharide or silica AN - 807275163; 13836430 AB - Exposure of the lung to lipopolysaccharide (LPS) or silica results in an activation of alveolar macrophages mu Ms), recruitment of polymorphonuclear leukocytes (PMNs) into bronchoalveolar spaces, and the production of free radicals. Nitric oxide (NO) is one of the free radicals generated by bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) cell populations following either LPS or silica exposure. The purpose of the present study was to assess the relative contributions of AMs and PMNs to the amounts of NO produced by BAL cells following intratracheal (IT) instillation of either LPS or silica. Male Sprague Dawley rats (265-340 g body wt.) were given LPS (10 mu g/100 g body wt.) or silica (5 mg/100 g body wt.). BAL cells were harvested 18-24 h post-IT and enriched for AMs or PMNs using density gradient centrifugation. Media levels of nitrate and nitrite (NOx; the stable decomposition products of NO) were then measured 18 h afterex vivo culture of these cells. Following IT exposure to either LPS or silica, BAL cell populations were 20% AMs and 80% PMNs. After density gradient centrifugation of BAL cells from LPS or silica-treated rats, cell fractions were obtained which were relatively enriched for AMs ( 60%) or PMNs ( 90%). The amounts of NOx produced by the AM-enriched fractions from LPS or silica-treated rats were 2-4-fold greater than that produced by the PMN-enriched fractions. Estimations of the relative contribution of AMs or PMNs to the NOx produced indicated that: (i) following LPS treatment, 75%-89% of the NOx was derived from AMs and 11%-25% from PMNs; and (ii) following silica treatment, 76%-100% of the NOx was derived from AMs and 0.24% from PMNs. Immunohistochemistry for inducible NO synthase on lung tissue sections supported these findings. We conclude that AMs are the major source of the NO produced by BAL cells during acute pulmonary inflammatory responses to LPS or silica. JF - Journal of Biosciences (Bangalore) AU - Huffman, L J AU - Prugh, D J AU - Millecchia, L AU - Schuller, K C AU - Cantrell, S AU - Porter, D W AD - Health Effects Laboratory Division, National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, 26505, Morgantown, West Virginia, USA, ljh3@cdc.gov Y1 - 2003/02// PY - 2003 DA - Feb 2003 SP - 29 EP - 37 PB - Springer-Verlag (Heidelberg), Tiergartenstrasse 17 Heidelberg 69121 Germany VL - 28 IS - 1 SN - 0250-5991, 0250-5991 KW - Toxicology Abstracts UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/807275163?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxicologyabstracts&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Biosciences+%28Bangalore%29&rft.atitle=Nitric+oxide+production+by+rat+bronchoalveolar+macrophages+or+polymorphonuclear+leukocytes+following+intratracheal+instillation+of+lipopolysaccharide+or+silica&rft.au=Huffman%2C+L+J%3BPrugh%2C+D+J%3BMillecchia%2C+L%3BSchuller%2C+K+C%3BCantrell%2C+S%3BPorter%2C+D+W&rft.aulast=Huffman&rft.aufirst=L&rft.date=2003-02-01&rft.volume=28&rft.issue=1&rft.spage=29&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+Biosciences+%28Bangalore%29&rft.issn=02505991&rft_id=info:doi/10.1007%2FBF02970129 LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2010-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-14 DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02970129 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Occupationally acquired human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection: national case surveillance data during 20 years of the HIV epidemic in the United States. AN - 73048614; 12602690 AB - To characterize occupationally acquired human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection detected through case surveillance efforts in the United States. National surveillance systems, based on voluntary case reporting. Healthcare or laboratory (clinical or research) settings. Healthcare workers, defined as individuals employed in healthcare or laboratory settings (including students and trainees), who are infected with HIV. Review of data reported through December 2001 in the HIV/AIDS Reporting System and the National Surveillance for Occupationally Acquired HIV Infection. Of 57 healthcare workers with documented occupationally acquired HIV infection, most (86%) were exposed to blood, and most (88%) had percutaneous injuries. The circumstances varied among 51 percutaneous injuries, with the largest proportion (41%) occurring after a procedure, 35% occurring during a procedure, and 20% occurring during disposal of sharp objects. Unexpected circumstances difficult to anticipate during or after procedures accounted for 20% of all injuries. Of 55 known source patients, most (69%) had acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) at the time of occupational exposure, but some (11%) had asymptomatic HIV infection. Eight (14%) of the healthcare workers were infected despite receiving postexposure prophylaxis (PEP). Prevention strategies for occupationally acquired HIV infection should continue to emphasize avoiding blood exposures. Healthcare workers should be educated about both the benefits and the limitations of PEP, which does not always prevent HIV infection following an exposure. Technologic advances (eg, safety-engineered devices) may further enhance safety in the healthcare workplace. JF - Infection control and hospital epidemiology AU - Do, Ann N AU - Ciesielski, Carol A AU - Metler, Russ P AU - Hammett, Teresa A AU - Li, Jianmin AU - Fleming, Patricia L AD - Surveillance Branch, Division of HIV/AIDS Prevention, National Center for HIV, STD, and TB Prevention, Center for Disease Control and Prevention, 1600 Clifton Road NE, MS E-47, Atlanta, GA 30333, USA. Y1 - 2003/02// PY - 2003 DA - February 2003 SP - 86 EP - 96 VL - 24 IS - 2 SN - 0899-823X, 0899-823X KW - HIV Antibodies KW - 0 KW - Index Medicus KW - Nursing KW - Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (U.S.) KW - Humans KW - HIV Seropositivity -- immunology KW - Needlestick Injuries -- epidemiology KW - Antiretroviral Therapy, Highly Active -- utilization KW - Disease Notification KW - HIV Antibodies -- blood KW - Risk Factors KW - Needlestick Injuries -- prevention & control KW - Adult KW - Blood-Borne Pathogens KW - Middle Aged KW - United States -- epidemiology KW - Needlestick Injuries -- virology KW - Female KW - Male KW - Occupational Exposure -- statistics & numerical data KW - Occupational Exposure -- prevention & control KW - Health Personnel -- statistics & numerical data KW - HIV Infections -- transmission KW - Infectious Disease Transmission, Patient-to-Professional -- statistics & numerical data KW - HIV Infections -- prevention & control KW - Infectious Disease Transmission, Patient-to-Professional -- analysis KW - HIV Infections -- epidemiology KW - Population Surveillance UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/73048614?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Infection+control+and+hospital+epidemiology&rft.atitle=Occupationally+acquired+human+immunodeficiency+virus+%28HIV%29+infection%3A+national+case+surveillance+data+during+20+years+of+the+HIV+epidemic+in+the+United+States.&rft.au=Do%2C+Ann+N%3BCiesielski%2C+Carol+A%3BMetler%2C+Russ+P%3BHammett%2C+Teresa+A%3BLi%2C+Jianmin%3BFleming%2C+Patricia+L&rft.aulast=Do&rft.aufirst=Ann&rft.date=2003-02-01&rft.volume=24&rft.issue=2&rft.spage=86&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Infection+control+and+hospital+epidemiology&rft.issn=0899823X&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 2003-04-30 N1 - Date created - 2003-02-26 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - SuppNotes - Comment In: Infect Control Hosp Epidemiol. 2003 Feb;24(2):82-5 [12602689] N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Pregnancy-related substance use in the United States during 1996-1998. AN - 73025509; 12576263 AB - To provide a baseline estimate of the national prevalence of pregnancy-related illicit drug use and abstinence rates. We analyzed data collected between 1996 and 1998 from the National Household Survey on Drug Abuse, a nationally representative sample survey of 22,303 noninstitutionalized women aged 18-44 years, of whom 1,249 were pregnant. During 1996-1998, 6.4% of nonpregnant women of childbearing age and 2.8% of pregnant women reported that they used illicit drugs. Of the women who used drugs, the relative proportion of women who abstained from illicit drugs after recognition of pregnancy increased from 28% during the first trimester of pregnancy to 93% by the third trimester. However, because of postpregnancy relapse, the net pregnancy-related reduction in illicit drug use at postpartum was only 24%. Marijuana accounted for three-fourths of illicit drug use, and cocaine accounted for one-tenth of illicit drug use. Of those who used illicit drugs, over half of pregnant and two-thirds of nonpregnant women also used cigarettes and alcohol. Among the sociodemographic subgroups, pregnant and nonpregnant women who were young (18-30 years) or unmarried, and pregnant women with less than high school education had the highest rates of illicit drug use. The continued burden of illicit drug use during pregnancy calls for policy efforts to enable primary care providers to identify and refer women who use substances to treatment and support services. Prevention of uptake of illicit drug use should be an integral part of public health programs for young women. JF - Obstetrics and gynecology AU - Ebrahim, Shahul H AU - Gfroerer, Joseph AD - Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia 30333, USA. sebrahim@cdc.gov Y1 - 2003/02// PY - 2003 DA - February 2003 SP - 374 EP - 379 VL - 101 IS - 2 SN - 0029-7844, 0029-7844 KW - Cocaine KW - I5Y540LHVR KW - Abridged Index Medicus KW - Index Medicus KW - Risk-Taking KW - Humans KW - Infant, Newborn KW - Pregnancy in Adolescence KW - Cannabis -- adverse effects KW - Cocaine -- adverse effects KW - Risk Assessment KW - Age Distribution KW - Population Surveillance KW - Pregnancy KW - Socioeconomic Factors KW - Registries KW - Risk Factors KW - Adult KW - Follow-Up Studies KW - Adolescent KW - United States -- epidemiology KW - Female KW - Substance-Related Disorders -- diagnosis KW - Neonatal Abstinence Syndrome -- epidemiology KW - Pregnancy Complications -- diagnosis KW - Neonatal Abstinence Syndrome -- diagnosis KW - Substance-Related Disorders -- epidemiology KW - Pregnancy Outcome KW - Pregnancy Complications -- epidemiology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/73025509?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=International+Archives+of+Occupational+and+Environmental+Health&rft.atitle=Federal+government+regulation+of+occupational+skin+exposure+in+the+USA&rft.au=Boeniger%2C+M+F%3BAhlers%2C+H+W&rft.aulast=Boeniger&rft.aufirst=M&rft.date=2003-06-01&rft.volume=76&rft.issue=5&rft.spage=387&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=International+Archives+of+Occupational+and+Environmental+Health&rft.issn=03400131&rft_id=info:doi/10.1007%2Fs00420-002-0425-2 LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 2003-03-12 N1 - Date created - 2003-02-10 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Medication-induced emergency hospitalizations for psychiatric disorders among older adults in the US. AN - 72999527; 12571830 JF - International journal of geriatric psychiatry AU - Chapman, Daniel P AU - Currier, Glenn W AU - Miller, Joan K AU - Anda, Robert F AD - Division of Adult and Community Health, National Center for Chronic Disease Prevention and Health Promotion, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, 4770 Buford Highway NE, Mailstop K-67, Atlanta, GA 30341, USA. dpc2@cdc.gov Y1 - 2003/02// PY - 2003 DA - February 2003 SP - 185 EP - 186 VL - 18 IS - 2 SN - 0885-6230, 0885-6230 KW - Psychotropic Drugs KW - 0 KW - Index Medicus KW - United States KW - Humans KW - Emergencies KW - Aged KW - Mental Disorders -- drug therapy KW - Psychotropic Drugs -- adverse effects KW - Hospitalization -- statistics & numerical data UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/72999527?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=International+journal+of+geriatric+psychiatry&rft.atitle=Medication-induced+emergency+hospitalizations+for+psychiatric+disorders+among+older+adults+in+the+US.&rft.au=Chapman%2C+Daniel+P%3BCurrier%2C+Glenn+W%3BMiller%2C+Joan+K%3BAnda%2C+Robert+F&rft.aulast=Chapman&rft.aufirst=Daniel&rft.date=2003-02-01&rft.volume=18&rft.issue=2&rft.spage=185&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=International+journal+of+geriatric+psychiatry&rft.issn=08856230&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 2003-03-21 N1 - Date created - 2003-02-06 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Cytokine polymorphisms in chronic inflammatory diseases with reference to occupational diseases. AN - 72983443; 12558073 AB - Genes which encode inflammatory cytokines are subject to polymorphisms in their regulatory regions that may effect both the level and ratio of cytokines produced in response to exogenous stimuli. These variant alleles are observed in a large percent of the population and are often associated with increased or decreased susceptibility or severity (modifiers) to infectious, immune or inflammatory diseases. Environmental factors can also play either a direct (i.e., causative factor) or indirect (modifying factor) role in these diseases. Thus, it would follow that gene-environment interactions would effect the expression and/or progression of the disease. In the present review, the concept that some of the common allelic variants found in cytokine genes represent modifying factors in chronic inflammatory diseases associated with occupational exposure is discussed. JF - Current molecular medicine AU - Yucesoy, Berran AU - Kashon, Michael L AU - Luster, Michael I AD - Ankara University, Faculty of Pharmacy, Department of Toxicology, 06100, Tandogan-Ankara, Turkey. BYucesoy@cdc.gov Y1 - 2003/02// PY - 2003 DA - February 2003 SP - 39 EP - 48 VL - 3 IS - 1 SN - 1566-5240, 1566-5240 KW - Cytokines KW - 0 KW - Interleukins KW - Transforming Growth Factor beta KW - Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha KW - Index Medicus KW - Genotype KW - Animals KW - Humans KW - Chronic Disease KW - Genetic Predisposition to Disease KW - Transforming Growth Factor beta -- genetics KW - Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha -- genetics KW - Interleukins -- genetics KW - Occupational Diseases -- genetics KW - Cytokines -- genetics KW - Polymorphism, Genetic KW - Inflammation -- genetics UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/72983443?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Current+molecular+medicine&rft.atitle=Cytokine+polymorphisms+in+chronic+inflammatory+diseases+with+reference+to+occupational+diseases.&rft.au=Yucesoy%2C+Berran%3BKashon%2C+Michael+L%3BLuster%2C+Michael+I&rft.aulast=Yucesoy&rft.aufirst=Berran&rft.date=2003-02-01&rft.volume=3&rft.issue=1&rft.spage=39&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Current+molecular+medicine&rft.issn=15665240&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 2003-07-15 N1 - Date created - 2003-01-31 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Clinical features that discriminate inhalational anthrax from other acute respiratory illnesses. AN - 72968989; 12539075 AB - Inhalational anthrax (IA) is a rapidly progressive disease that frequently results in sepsis and death, and prompt recognition is critical. To distinguish IA from other causes of acute respiratory illness, patients who had IA were compared with patients in an ambulatory clinic who had influenza-like illness (ILI) and with hospitalized patients who had community-acquired pneumonia (CAP) at the initial health care visit. Compared with patients who had ILI, patients who had IA were more likely to have tachycardia, high hematocrit, and low albumin and sodium levels and were less likely to have myalgias, headache, and nasal symptoms. Scoring systems were devised to compare IA with ILI or CAP on the basis of strength of association. For ILI, a score of > or =4 captured all 11 patients with IA and excluded 664 (96.1%) of 691 patients with ILI. Compared with patients who had CAP, patients with IA were more likely to have nausea or vomiting, tachycardia, high transaminase levels, low sodium levels, and normal white blood cell counts. For CAP, a score of > or =3 captured 9 (81.8%) of 11 patients with IA and excluded 528 (81.2%) of 650 patients with CAP. In conclusion, selected clinical features of patients with IA differ from those of patients with ILI and are more similar to those of patients with CAP. JF - Clinical infectious diseases : an official publication of the Infectious Diseases Society of America AU - Kuehnert, Matthew J AU - Doyle, Timothy J AU - Hill, Holly A AU - Bridges, Carolyn B AU - Jernigan, John A AU - Dull, Peter M AU - Reissman, Dori B AU - Ashford, David A AU - Jernigan, Daniel B AD - Division of Healthcare Quality Promotion, National Center for Infectious Diseases, Atlanta, GA 30333, USA. mkuehnert@cdc.gov Y1 - 2003/02/01/ PY - 2003 DA - 2003 Feb 01 SP - 328 EP - 336 VL - 36 IS - 3 KW - Albumins KW - 0 KW - Index Medicus KW - Albumins -- metabolism KW - Acute Disease KW - Inhalation Exposure KW - Humans KW - Hematocrit KW - Middle Aged KW - Tachycardia -- etiology KW - Headache -- etiology KW - Respiratory Tract Infections -- metabolism KW - Anthrax -- physiopathology KW - Respiratory Tract Infections -- physiopathology KW - Respiratory Tract Infections -- pathology KW - Anthrax -- pathology KW - Anthrax -- metabolism UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/72968989?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Clinical+infectious+diseases+%3A+an+official+publication+of+the+Infectious+Diseases+Society+of+America&rft.atitle=Clinical+features+that+discriminate+inhalational+anthrax+from+other+acute+respiratory+illnesses.&rft.au=Kuehnert%2C+Matthew+J%3BDoyle%2C+Timothy+J%3BHill%2C+Holly+A%3BBridges%2C+Carolyn+B%3BJernigan%2C+John+A%3BDull%2C+Peter+M%3BReissman%2C+Dori+B%3BAshford%2C+David+A%3BJernigan%2C+Daniel+B&rft.aulast=Kuehnert&rft.aufirst=Matthew&rft.date=2003-02-01&rft.volume=36&rft.issue=3&rft.spage=328&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Clinical+infectious+diseases+%3A+an+official+publication+of+the+Infectious+Diseases+Society+of+America&rft.issn=1537-6591&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 2003-02-07 N1 - Date created - 2003-01-22 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Concentrations of nine alkenylbenzenes, coumarin, piperonal and pulegone in Indian bidi cigarette tobacco. AN - 72885715; 12480305 AB - Indian-made bidi cigarettes sold in the United States are available in a variety of exotic (e.g. clove, mango) and candy-like (e.g. chocolate, raspberry) flavors. Because certain tobacco flavorings contain alkenylbenzenes and other toxic or carcinogenic chemicals, we measured the concentration of flavor-related compounds in bidi tobacco using a previously developed method. Twenty-three brands of bidis were sampled using automated headspace solid-phase microextraction and subsequently analyzed for 12 compounds by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry. Two alkenylbenzene compounds, trans-anethole and eugenol, were found in greater than 90% of the brands analyzed. Methyleugenol, pulegone and estragole were each detected in 30% or more of the brands, whereas safrole and elemicin were not detected in any of the brands. The flavor-related compounds with the highest tobacco concentrations were eugenol (12,000 microg/g tobacco) and trans-anethole (2200 microg/g tobacco). The highest eugenol and trans-anethole concentrations found in bidi tobacco were about 70,000 and 7500 times greater, respectively, than the highest levels previously found in US cigarette brands. Measurement of these compounds is crucial to evaluation of potential risks associated with inhaling highly concentrated flavor-related compounds from bidis or other tobacco products. JF - Food and chemical toxicology : an international journal published for the British Industrial Biological Research Association AU - Stanfill, S B AU - Calafat, A M AU - Brown, C R AU - Polzin, G M AU - Chiang, J M AU - Watson, C H AU - Ashley, D L AD - Department of Health and Human Services, Division of Laboratory Sciences, Emergency Response and Air Toxicants Branch, US Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Mailstop F-19, 4770 Buford Highway, Atlanta, GA 30341-3719, USA. sstanfill@cdc.gov Y1 - 2003/02// PY - 2003 DA - February 2003 SP - 303 EP - 317 VL - 41 IS - 2 SN - 0278-6915, 0278-6915 KW - Anisoles KW - 0 KW - Benzaldehydes KW - Benzodioxoles KW - Coumarins KW - Flavoring Agents KW - Monoterpenes KW - Eugenol KW - 3T8H1794QW KW - pulegone KW - 4LF2673R3G KW - coumarin KW - A4VZ22K1WT KW - piperonal KW - KE109YAK00 KW - anethole KW - Q3JEK5DO4K KW - Index Medicus KW - Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry KW - Flavoring Agents -- analysis KW - India KW - Benzaldehydes -- analysis KW - Tobacco -- chemistry KW - Monoterpenes -- analysis KW - Eugenol -- analysis KW - Coumarins -- analysis KW - Anisoles -- analysis UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/72885715?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Food+and+chemical+toxicology+%3A+an+international+journal+published+for+the+British+Industrial+Biological+Research+Association&rft.atitle=Concentrations+of+nine+alkenylbenzenes%2C+coumarin%2C+piperonal+and+pulegone+in+Indian+bidi+cigarette+tobacco.&rft.au=Stanfill%2C+S+B%3BCalafat%2C+A+M%3BBrown%2C+C+R%3BPolzin%2C+G+M%3BChiang%2C+J+M%3BWatson%2C+C+H%3BAshley%2C+D+L&rft.aulast=Stanfill&rft.aufirst=S&rft.date=2003-02-01&rft.volume=41&rft.issue=2&rft.spage=303&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Food+and+chemical+toxicology+%3A+an+international+journal+published+for+the+British+Industrial+Biological+Research+Association&rft.issn=02786915&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 2003-02-04 N1 - Date created - 2002-12-13 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Leaving Sex Work: Barriers, Facilitating Factors and Consequences for Female Sex Workers in Northern Thailand AN - 61540387; 200304303 AB - Factors facilitating or inhibiting women's ability to leave sex work are still poorly characterized, & little is known about women's lives after they leave the profession. This paper presents findings from a qualitative study about factors affecting women's ability to leave sex work & influencing their lives after leaving. We interviewed 42 current & former female sex workers (FSWs) drawn from a cohort study of 500 FSWs in northern Thailand. All but one of the participants had quit sex work at least once. The majority experienced one or more quit-reentry-quit cycles. Women's ability & decisions to leave sex work were determined primarily by four factors: economic situation, relationship with a steady partner, attitudes toward sex work, & HIV/AIDS experience. Economic concerns, ranging from survival needs to materialistic desires, had the strongest influence. Most women perceived their risk for HIV infection to be lower after leaving sex work, but three of the 17 HIV-infected women acquired infection after having left, presumably from their steady partners. Prevention efforts should guide women as they transition out of commercial sex work. Interventions aimed at assisting women wanting to leave sex work need to address the role of economic factors. 1 Table, 1 Figure, 32 References. Adapted from the source document. JF - AIDS Care AU - Manopaiboon, C AU - Bunnell, R E AU - Kilmarx, P H AU - Chaikummao, S AU - Limpakarnjanarat, K AU - Supawitkul, S AU - St Louis, M E AU - Mastro, T D AD - Thailand MOPH-US CDC Collaboration, Ministry Public Health, Nonthaburi cfm9@cdc.gov Y1 - 2003/02// PY - 2003 DA - February 2003 SP - 39 EP - 52 VL - 15 IS - 1 SN - 0954-0121, 0954-0121 KW - Economic Factors KW - Work Attitudes KW - Economic Problems KW - Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndrome KW - Thailand KW - Interpersonal Relations KW - Prostitution KW - Females KW - article KW - 6126: acquired immune deficiency syndrome (AIDS) UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/61540387?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Asocialservices&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=AIDS+Care&rft.atitle=Leaving+Sex+Work%3A+Barriers%2C+Facilitating+Factors+and+Consequences+for+Female+Sex+Workers+in+Northern+Thailand&rft.au=Manopaiboon%2C+C%3BBunnell%2C+R+E%3BKilmarx%2C+P+H%3BChaikummao%2C+S%3BLimpakarnjanarat%2C+K%3BSupawitkul%2C+S%3BSt+Louis%2C+M+E%3BMastro%2C+T+D&rft.aulast=Manopaiboon&rft.aufirst=C&rft.date=2003-02-01&rft.volume=15&rft.issue=1&rft.spage=39&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=AIDS+Care&rft.issn=09540121&rft_id=info:doi/10.1080012021000039743 LA - English DB - Social Services Abstracts N1 - Date revised - 2007-05-01 N1 - Last updated - 2016-09-28 N1 - CODEN - AIDCEF N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Prostitution; Females; Thailand; Economic Problems; Interpersonal Relations; Work Attitudes; Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndrome; Economic Factors DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1080012021000039743 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Urinary Levels of Trichloroacetic Acid, a Disinfection By-Product in Chlorinated Drinking Water, in a Human Reference Population AN - 19397400; 5707907 AB - Trichloroacetic acid (TCAA), a known mouse liver carcinogen and a possible human carcinogen, is found in chlorinated drinking water. We measured TCAA in archived urine samples from a reference population of 402 adults using isotope-dilution high-performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry. TCAA was detected in 76% of the samples examined at concentrations ranging from < 0.5 mu g TCAA/L to more than 25 mu g/L; the 90th percentile concentration was 23 mu g/L (22 mu g TCAA/g creatinine); and the geometric mean and median concentrations were 2.9 pg/L (2.6 mu g/g creatinine) and 3.3 mu g/L (3.2 mu g/g creatinine), respectively. The frequency of detection of TCAA in urban areas was higher than in rural areas (p = 0.00007), and sex and place of residence (i.e., urban vs. rural) were found to have a significant interaction in modulating the levels of TCAA (p = 0.012). Urban residents had higher mean levels of TCAA (men, 5.3 mu g/L, 3.8 mu g/g creatinine; women, 2.9 mu g/L, 2.8 mu g/g creatinine) than did rural residents (men, 2.2 mu g/L, 1.7 mu g/g creatinine; women, 2.6 mu g/L, 2.7 mu g/g creatinine). The higher frequency of detection of TCAA in urban than in rural areas and higher levels of TCAA among urban than among rural residents may reflect the fact that urban residents use primarily chlorinated water from public water supplies, whereas those in rural areas are more likely to obtain water from private wells, which typically are not chlorinated. JF - Environmental Health Perspectives AU - Calafat, A M AU - Kuklenyik, Z AU - Caudill, S P AU - Ashley, D L AD - Division of Laboratory Sciences, National Center for Environmental Health, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, 4770 Buford Highway NE, Mailstop F17, Atlanta, GA 30341, USA, aic7@cdc.gov Y1 - 2003/02// PY - 2003 DA - Feb 2003 SP - 151 EP - 154 PB - NIH, Government Printing Office VL - 111 IS - 2 SN - 0091-6765, 0091-6765 KW - man KW - trichloroacetic acid KW - Aqualine Abstracts; Toxicology Abstracts; Water Resources Abstracts; Pollution Abstracts; Health & Safety Science Abstracts KW - Water Supply (Potable) KW - Mass Spectrometry KW - Disinfection KW - Potable Water KW - Byproducts KW - Carcinogens KW - Carcinogenic substances KW - Trichloroacetic acid KW - Rural Areas KW - Public health KW - Public Health KW - Drinking Water KW - Water treatment KW - Water Treatment KW - Urban environments KW - Weedkiller KW - Urine KW - Acids KW - Rural environments KW - Liver KW - Chlorination KW - Drinking water KW - H 6000:Natural Disasters/Civil Defense/Emergency Management KW - X 24120:Food, additives & contaminants KW - SW 2060:Effects on water of human nonwater activities KW - AQ 00004:Water Treatment KW - P 6000:TOXICOLOGY AND HEALTH UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/19397400?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aaqualine&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Environmental+Health+Perspectives&rft.atitle=Urinary+Levels+of+Trichloroacetic+Acid%2C+a+Disinfection+By-Product+in+Chlorinated+Drinking+Water%2C+in+a+Human+Reference+Population&rft.au=Calafat%2C+A+M%3BKuklenyik%2C+Z%3BCaudill%2C+S+P%3BAshley%2C+D+L&rft.aulast=Calafat&rft.aufirst=A&rft.date=2003-02-01&rft.volume=111&rft.issue=2&rft.spage=151&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Environmental+Health+Perspectives&rft.issn=00916765&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2007-01-01 N1 - Last updated - 2015-04-01 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Disinfection; Urine; Byproducts; Rural environments; Chlorination; Drinking water; Trichloroacetic acid; Urban environments; Water treatment; Carcinogens; Public health; Water Supply (Potable); Drinking Water; Public Health; Potable Water; Water Treatment; Weedkiller; Carcinogenic substances; Mass Spectrometry; Acids; Liver; Rural Areas ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Physical activity levels among the general US adult population and in adults with and without arthritis AN - 19396528; 5626917 JF - Arthritis Care and Research AU - Hootman, J M AU - Macera, CA AU - Ham, SA AU - Helmick, C G AU - Sniezek, JE AD - Arthritis Program Division of Adult and Community Health, National Center for Chronic Disease Prevention and Health Promotion, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, 4770 Buford Highway NE, Mailstop K-45, Atlanta, GA 30341, USA, jhootman@cdc.gov Y1 - 2003/02// PY - 2003 DA - Feb 2003 SP - 129 EP - 135 VL - 49 IS - 1 SN - 0893-7524, 0893-7524 KW - Physical Education Index KW - Arthritis KW - Exercise KW - Adults KW - PE 030:Exercise, Health & Physical Fitness UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/19396528?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aphysicaleducation&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Arthritis+Care+and+Research&rft.atitle=Physical+activity+levels+among+the+general+US+adult+population+and+in+adults+with+and+without+arthritis&rft.au=Hootman%2C+J+M%3BMacera%2C+CA%3BHam%2C+SA%3BHelmick%2C+C+G%3BSniezek%2C+JE&rft.aulast=Hootman&rft.aufirst=J&rft.date=2003-02-01&rft.volume=49&rft.issue=1&rft.spage=129&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Arthritis+Care+and+Research&rft.issn=08937524&rft_id=info:doi/10.1002%2Fart.10911 LA - English DB - Physical Education Index N1 - Date revised - 2007-05-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Adults; Arthritis; Exercise DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/art.10911 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Occupational silica exposure and risk of various diseases: an analysis using death certificates from 27 states of the United States AN - 19221908; 5798415 AB - Background: Although crystalline silica exposure is associated with silicosis, lung cancer, pulmonary tuberculosis, and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), there is less support for an association with autoimmune disease, and renal disease. Methods: Using data from the US National Occupational Mortality Surveillance (NOMS) system, a matched case-control design was employed to examine each of several diseases (including silicosis, lung cancer, stomach cancer, oesophageal cancer, COPD, pulmonary tuberculosis, sarcoidosis, systemic lupus erythematosus, systemic sclerosis, rheumatoid arthritis, and various types of renal disease). Cases were subjects whose death certificate mentioned the disease of interest. A separate control group for each of the diseases of interest was selected from among subjects whose death certificate did not mention the disease of interest or any of several diseases reported to be associated with crystalline silica exposure. Subjects were assigned into a qualitative crystalline silica exposure category based on the industry/occupation pairing found on their death certificate. We also investigated whether silicotics had a higher risk of disease compared to those without silicosis. Results: Those postulated to have had detectable crystalline silica exposure had a significantly increased risk for silicosis, COPD, pulmonary tuberculosis, and rheumatoid arthritis. In addition, a significant trend of increasing risk with increasing silica exposure was observed for these same conditions and for lung cancer. Those postulated to have had the greatest crystalline silica exposure had a significantly increased risk for silicosis, lung cancer, COPD, and pulmonary tuberculosis only. Finally, those with silicosis had a significantly increased risk for COPD, pulmonary tuberculosis, and rheumatoid arthritis. Conclusions: This study corroborates the association between crystalline silica exposure and silicosis, lung cancer, COPD, and pulmonary tuberculosis. In addition, support is provided for an association between crystalline silica exposure and rheumatoid arthritis. JF - Occupational and Environmental Medicine AU - Calvert, G M AU - Rice, F L AU - Boiano, J M AU - Sheehy, J W AU - Sanderson, W T AD - National Institute for Occupational Safety & Health, 4676 Columbia Parkway, R-21, Cincinnati, OH 45226, USA, JAC6@CDC.GOV Y1 - 2003/02// PY - 2003 DA - Feb 2003 SP - 122 EP - 129 VL - 60 IS - 2 SN - 1351-0711, 1351-0711 KW - chronic obstructive pulmonary disease KW - rheumatoid arthritis KW - silica KW - silicosis KW - tuberculosis KW - Health & Safety Science Abstracts KW - Risk assessment KW - USA KW - Respiratory diseases KW - Occupational exposure KW - Lung cancer KW - H 1000:Occupational Safety and Health UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/19221908?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Ahealthsafetyabstracts&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Occupational+and+Environmental+Medicine&rft.atitle=Occupational+silica+exposure+and+risk+of+various+diseases%3A+an+analysis+using+death+certificates+from+27+states+of+the+United+States&rft.au=Calvert%2C+G+M%3BRice%2C+F+L%3BBoiano%2C+J+M%3BSheehy%2C+J+W%3BSanderson%2C+W+T&rft.aulast=Calvert&rft.aufirst=G&rft.date=2003-02-01&rft.volume=60&rft.issue=2&rft.spage=122&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Occupational+and+Environmental+Medicine&rft.issn=13510711&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - USA; Occupational exposure; Risk assessment; Respiratory diseases; Lung cancer ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Prevalence of hepatitis A virus infection among sewage workers in Georgia AN - 18829980; 5725449 AB - Background Wastewater (WW) workers could have opportunity for direct contact with raw sewage, which might contain hepatitis A virus (HAV). Methods A serologic survey of WW workers and a comparison population of roads and drainage workers (RD). Factors potentially associated with anti-HAV positivity were evaluated in univariate and multivariate analyses. Results Among the 365 WW workers, overall anti-HAV prevalence was 38%, similar to that (35%) of the 166 RD workers (P = 0.5). Prevalence varied by wastewater job type from 45% among the 164 field crew workers to 32% among the 201 treatment plant workers. In multivariate modeling, factors associated with anti-HAV positivity included age greater than or equal to 40 years (odds ratio [OR] = 2.4; 95% CI = 1.6-3.7), black compared to other races (OR = 2.4; 95% CI = 1.5-3.8), birth outside the United States (OR = 7.5; 95% CI = 3.0-18.6), a high school education or less (OR 2.1; 95% CI = 1.4-3.2) and work on the field crew compared to RD work (OR 1.6; 95% CI = 1.1-2.4). Conclusions These results are consistent with no or a small increased risk of hepatitis A among WW workers, and do not provide a clear mandate for hepatitis A vaccination of these workers. JF - American Journal of Industrial Medicine AU - Venczel, L AU - Brown, S AU - Frumkin, H AU - Simmonds-Diaz, J AU - Deitchman, S AU - Bell, B P AD - Division of Viral Hepatitis, MS G-37, CDC, 1600 Clifton Rd., Atlanta, GA 30333, USA Y1 - 2003/02// PY - 2003 DA - Feb 2003 SP - 172 EP - 178 VL - 43 IS - 2 SN - 0271-3586, 0271-3586 KW - hepatitis A KW - Virology & AIDS Abstracts; Health & Safety Science Abstracts KW - V 22123:Epidemiology KW - H 1000:Occupational Safety and Health UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/18829980?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Ahealthsafetyabstracts&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=American+Journal+of+Industrial+Medicine&rft.atitle=Prevalence+of+hepatitis+A+virus+infection+among+sewage+workers+in+Georgia&rft.au=Venczel%2C+L%3BBrown%2C+S%3BFrumkin%2C+H%3BSimmonds-Diaz%2C+J%3BDeitchman%2C+S%3BBell%2C+B+P&rft.aulast=Venczel&rft.aufirst=L&rft.date=2003-02-01&rft.volume=43&rft.issue=2&rft.spage=172&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=American+Journal+of+Industrial+Medicine&rft.issn=02713586&rft_id=info:doi/10.1002%2Fajim.10174 LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ajim.10174 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Bartonella Strains from Ground Squirrels Are Identical to Bartonella washoensis Isolated from a Human Patient AN - 18670507; 5563631 AB - The most likely animal source of a human case of cardiac disease in Washoe County, Nev., was identified by comparison of DNA sequences of three genes (citrate synthase gltA, 60-kDa heat shock protein gene groEL, and 16S rRNA gene) of Bartonella washoensis cultured from the human patient in question and of Bartonella isolates obtained from the following Nevada rodents: Peromyscus maniculatus (17 isolates), Tamias minimus (11 isolates), Spermophilus lateralis (3 isolates), and Spermophilus beecheyi (7 isolates). Sequence analyses of gltA amplicons obtained from Bartonella from the rodents demonstrated considerable heterogeneity and resulted in the identification of 16 genetic variants that were clustered within three groups in phylogenetic analysis. Each of the three groups was associated with a rodent genus, Peromyscus, Tamias, or Spermophilus. The gltA, 16S rRNA gene, and groEL sequences of a Bartonella isolate obtained from a California ground squirrel (S. beecheyi) were completely identical to homologous sequences of B. washoensis, strongly suggesting that these animals were the source of infection in the human case. JF - Journal of Clinical Microbiology AU - Kosoy, M AU - Murray, M AU - Gilmore., RD Jr AU - Bai, Y AU - Gage, K L AD - Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, NCID/DVBID, P.O. Box 2087, Rampart Rd., Fort Collins, CO 80522, mkosoy@cdc.gov Y1 - 2003/02// PY - 2003 DA - Feb 2003 SP - 645 EP - 650 PB - American Society for Microbiology, 1752 N Street N.W. Washington, DC 20036 USA, [URL:http://www.asm.org/] VL - 41 IS - 2 SN - 0095-1137, 0095-1137 KW - California ground squirrel KW - case reports KW - gltA gene KW - groEL gene KW - nucleotide sequence KW - Microbiology Abstracts B: Bacteriology KW - J 02855:Human Bacteriology: Others UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/18670507?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologyb&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Clinical+Microbiology&rft.atitle=Bartonella+Strains+from+Ground+Squirrels+Are+Identical+to+Bartonella+washoensis+Isolated+from+a+Human+Patient&rft.au=Kosoy%2C+M%3BMurray%2C+M%3BGilmore.%2C+RD+Jr%3BBai%2C+Y%3BGage%2C+K+L&rft.aulast=Kosoy&rft.aufirst=M&rft.date=2003-02-01&rft.volume=41&rft.issue=2&rft.spage=645&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+Clinical+Microbiology&rft.issn=00951137&rft_id=info:doi/10.1128%2FJCM.41.2.645-650.2003 LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/JCM.41.2.645-650.2003 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Comparison of PCR Assays for Detection of the Agent of Human Granulocytic Ehrlichiosis, Anaplasma phagocytophilum AN - 18660783; 5563651 AB - Human granulocytic ehrlichiosis is an emerging infectious disease in the United States and Europe, and PCR methods have been shown to be effective for the diagnosis of acute infections. Numerous PCR assays and primer sets have been reported in the literature. The analytical sensitivities (limits of detection) of 13 published PCR primer sets were compared using DNA extracted from serial dilutions of Anaplasma phagocytophilum-infected HL-60 cells. The specificity of the assays that were able to detect <= 2.5 infected cells was tested by the use of template DNA extracted from Ehrlichia chaffeensis, Rickettsia rickettsii, and Bartonella henselae. The assays with the lowest limits of detection were shown to be a nested assay that amplifies the 16S rRNA gene (primer pairs ge3a-ge10 (primary) and ge9-ge3 (nested); detects 0.25 infected cell), a direct assay that amplifies the major surface protein gene msp2 (primer pair msp2-3f-msp2-3r; detects 0.25 infected cell), and a direct assay that amplifies the 16S rRNA gene (primer pair ehr521-ehr790; detects 0.25 infected cell). The specificity and limit of detection of the MSP2 and 16S rRNA direct assays were further tested by use of A. phagocytophilum template DNA from both North America and Europe and from human, tick, white-footed mouse, equine, deer, bovine, and wood rat samples and of template DNA from closely related species (Anaplasma marginale, the white-tailed deer agent, and additional E. chaffeensis-positive samples). Three manufacturers' PCR kits were tested and showed distinct variations in the limit of detection, specificity, and nonspecific background amplification. The importance of these results for the molecular diagnosis of human granulocytic ehrlichiosis is discussed. JF - Journal of Clinical Microbiology AU - Massung, R F AU - Slater, K G AD - Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, 1600 Clifton Rd., MS G-13, Atlanta, GA 30333, rfm2@cdc.gov Y1 - 2003/02// PY - 2003 DA - Feb 2003 SP - 717 EP - 722 PB - American Society for Microbiology, 1752 N Street N.W. Washington, DC 20036 USA, [URL:http://www.asm.org/] VL - 41 IS - 2 SN - 0095-1137, 0095-1137 KW - HL-60 cells KW - MSP2 protein KW - msp2 gene KW - Microbiology Abstracts A: Industrial & Applied Microbiology KW - A 01116:Bacteria UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/18660783?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologya&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Clinical+Microbiology&rft.atitle=Comparison+of+PCR+Assays+for+Detection+of+the+Agent+of+Human+Granulocytic+Ehrlichiosis%2C+Anaplasma+phagocytophilum&rft.au=Massung%2C+R+F%3BSlater%2C+K+G&rft.aulast=Massung&rft.aufirst=R&rft.date=2003-02-01&rft.volume=41&rft.issue=2&rft.spage=717&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+Clinical+Microbiology&rft.issn=00951137&rft_id=info:doi/10.1128%2FJCM.41.2.717-722.2003 LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/JCM.41.2.717-722.2003 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Evaluation of Four Commercially Available Rapid Serologic Tests for Diagnosis of Leptospirosis AN - 18660725; 5563640 AB - Four rapid tests for the serologic diagnosis of leptospirosis were evaluated, and the performance of each was compared with that of the current standard, the microscopic agglutination test (MAT). The four rapid tests were a microplate immunoglobulin M (IgM)-enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA), an indirect hemagglutination assay (IHA), an IgM dipstick assay (LDS), and an IgM dot-ELISA dipstick test (DST). A panel of 276 sera from 133 cases of leptospirosis from four different geographic locations was tested as well as 642 sera from normal individuals or individuals with other infectious or autoimmune diseases. Acute-phase sera from cases (n = 148) were collected 15 days after onset (median = 29.1). By a traditional method (two-by-two contingency table), the sensitivities for detection of leptospirosis cases were 93.2% by LDS, 92.5% by DST, 86.5% by ELISA, and 79.0% by IHA. Specificity was 98.8% by DST, 97% by ELISA and MAT, 95.8% by IHA, and 89.6% by LDS. With a latent class analysis (LCA) model that included all the rapid tests and the clinical case definition, sensitivity was 95.5% by DST, 94.5% by LDS, 89.9% by ELISA, and 81.1% by IHA. The sensitivity and specificity estimated by the traditional methods were quite close to the LCA estimates. However, LCA allowed estimation of the sensitivity of the MAT (98.2%), which traditional methods do not allow. For acute-phase sera, sensitivity was 52.7% by LDS, 50.0% by DST, 48.7% by MAT and ELISA, and 38.5% by IHA. The sensitivity for convalescent-phase sera was 93.8% by MAT, 84.4% by DST, 83.6% by LDS, 75.0% by ELISA, and 67.2% by IHA. A good overall correlation with the MAT was obtained for each of the assays, with the highest concordance being with the DST (kappa value, 0.85; 95% confidence interval (CI), 0.8 to 0.90). The best correlation was between ELISA and DST (kappa value, 0.86; 95% CI, 0.81 to 0.91). False- positive LDS results were frequent (=> 20%) in sera from individuals with Epstein-Barr virus, human immunodeficiency virus, and periodontal disease and from healthy volunteers. The ease of use and significantly high sensitivity and specificity of DST and ELISA make these good choices for diagnostic testing. JF - Journal of Clinical Microbiology AU - Bajani, MD AU - Ashford, DA AU - Bragg, S L AU - Woods, C W AU - Aye, T AU - Spiegel, R A AU - Plikaytis, B D AU - Perkins, BA AU - Phelan, M AU - Levett, P N AU - Weyant, R S AD - Meningitis and Special Pathogens Branch, Division of Bacterial and Mycotic Diseases, National Center for Infectious Diseases, M/S G-34, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, 1600 Clifton Rd., Atlanta, GA 30333, mkb9@cdc.gov Y1 - 2003/02// PY - 2003 DA - Feb 2003 SP - 803 EP - 809 PB - American Society for Microbiology, 1752 N Street N.W. Washington, DC 20036 USA, [URL:http://www.asm.org/] VL - 41 IS - 2 SN - 0095-1137, 0095-1137 KW - man KW - Microbiology Abstracts A: Industrial & Applied Microbiology KW - A 01116:Bacteria UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/18660725?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologya&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Clinical+Microbiology&rft.atitle=Evaluation+of+Four+Commercially+Available+Rapid+Serologic+Tests+for+Diagnosis+of+Leptospirosis&rft.au=Bajani%2C+MD%3BAshford%2C+DA%3BBragg%2C+S+L%3BWoods%2C+C+W%3BAye%2C+T%3BSpiegel%2C+R+A%3BPlikaytis%2C+B+D%3BPerkins%2C+BA%3BPhelan%2C+M%3BLevett%2C+P+N%3BWeyant%2C+R+S&rft.aulast=Bajani&rft.aufirst=MD&rft.date=2003-02-01&rft.volume=41&rft.issue=2&rft.spage=803&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+Clinical+Microbiology&rft.issn=00951137&rft_id=info:doi/10.1128%2FJCM.41.2.803-809.2003 LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/JCM.41.2.803-809.2003 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Molecular Genetic Analysis of a Group A Streptococcus Operon Encoding Serum Opacity Factor and a Novel Fibronectin-Binding Protein, SfbX AN - 17038063; 5562957 AB - The group A Streptococcus (GAS) sof gene encodes the serum opacity factor protein, which is capable of opacifying mammalian sera and binding at least two host proteins, fibronectin and fibrinogen. The sof gene exists in approximately 50% of clinical isolates, and there is a classical association of so-called nephritogenic strains with the opacity factor-positive phenotype. In both a type emm49 strain and a type emm12 strain, the sequences upstream of the 5' end of sof and downstream of the putative terminator were determined to be nearly identical to a region in the M type 1 genome approximately 10 kb upstream of the emm1 gene. This close genetic linkage is likely reflected in the strict correlation of opacity factor phenotype with specific emm genotypes. A new fibronectin-binding protein gene, sfbX, was discovered immediately downstream of sof in emm12 and emm49 strains and in several other sof-positive strains. The sof and sfbX genes were found to be expressed on the same transcription unit, which was correlated with the putative promoter and rho-independant terminator sequences that flank these two genes. The sfbX genes from different emm types are predicted to encode ~ 650-residue surface-bound proteins sharing 89 to 92% sequence identity. SfbX residues approximately 1 to 480 are not highly similar to those of other known proteins, with the closest match being the Staphylococcus aureus coagulase protein. The remaining portions of these proteins (residues 481 to 650) contain four putative fibronectin-binding repeats highly similar to those of other streptococcal fibronectin-binding proteins and a potential LP(X)SG cell wall anchor motif. Targeted in-frame allelic-exchange mutagenesis, complementation, and heterologous-expression studies found that serum opacification is encoded by sof alone and that sfbX encodes a fibronectin-binding function. A recombinant SfbX protein was found to bind immobilized fibronectin and to partially inhibit GAS adherence to fibronectin. The sfbX gene was found to be present only in sof-positive strains, and together these genes could influence the spectrum of tissues colonized by sof-positive GAS. JF - Journal of Bacteriology AU - Jeng, A AU - Sakota, V AU - Li, Z AU - Datta, V AU - Beall, B AU - Nizet, V AD - Respiratory Diseases Branch, Division of Bacterial and Mycotic Diseases, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, 1600 Clifton Rd., N.E., MS-C02, Atlanta, GA 30333, bbeall@cdc.gov bbeall@cdc.gov Y1 - 2003/02// PY - 2003 DA - Feb 2003 SP - 1208 EP - 1217 VL - 185 IS - 4 SN - 0021-9193, 0021-9193 KW - SfbX protein KW - fibronectin-binding protein KW - heterologous expression KW - streptococci KW - Microbiology Abstracts B: Bacteriology; Genetics Abstracts KW - G 07320:Bacterial genetics KW - J 02740:Genetics and evolution UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/17038063?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologyb&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Bacteriology&rft.atitle=Molecular+Genetic+Analysis+of+a+Group+A+Streptococcus+Operon+Encoding+Serum+Opacity+Factor+and+a+Novel+Fibronectin-Binding+Protein%2C+SfbX&rft.au=Jeng%2C+A%3BSakota%2C+V%3BLi%2C+Z%3BDatta%2C+V%3BBeall%2C+B%3BNizet%2C+V&rft.aulast=Jeng&rft.aufirst=A&rft.date=2003-02-01&rft.volume=185&rft.issue=4&rft.spage=1208&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+Bacteriology&rft.issn=00219193&rft_id=info:doi/10.1128%2FJB.185.4.1208-1217.2003 LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/JB.185.4.1208-1217.2003 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Contemporary approaches to designing and evaluating vaccines against Chlamydia AN - 1285087064; 16614347 AB - The clinically relevant pathologic consequences of primary ocular, genital, or respiratory human infection by members of the genus Chlamydia are conjunctivitis, cervicitis, urethritis and sinusitis. The major complications and sometimes debilitating evolutionary outcomes of these infections include: trichiasis and cicatrizing trachoma, endometritis or pelvic inflammatory disease and involuntary tubal factor infertility and bronchopulmonary pneumonia. These diseases, in addition to other chlamydia-associated chronic syndromes (e.g., artherosclerosis, multiple sclerosis and Alzheimer's disease), pose serious public healthcare and huge budgetary concerns. The current medical opinion is that an efficacious prophylactic vaccine is a sine qua non - to control the morbidity of chlamydial infection in the human population. The research goal for an efficacious human chlamydial vaccine has faced key challenges to define the elements of protective immunity to facilitate vaccine evaluation, the judicious selection of appropriate vaccine candidates that possess stable antigenic and immunologic properties and the development of effective delivery vehicles and adjuvants to boost immune effectors to achieve long-term protective immunity. Progress in the functional immunobiology of Chlamydia has established the essential immunologic paradigms for vaccine selection and evaluation, including the obligatory requirement for a vaccine to induce T-helper Type 1 immune response that controls chlamydiae. Recent advances in chlamydial genomics and proteomics should enhance the identification of likely chlamydial gene products that fulfill the antigenic requirements of putative vaccine candidates. Major inroads are however needed in the construction and development of novel and effective delivery systems, such as vectors and adjuvants. This review summarizes the status of contemporary chlamydial vaccine research and promising trends fueling the growing optimism for an efficacious vaccine. The unified approach to vaccines for the genus Chlamydia is validated by the several conserved genes and common immunogenic proteins among member species and the similarity of immune effectors controlling Chlamydia species in animals and humans. JF - Expert Review of Vaccines AU - Igietseme, Joseph U AU - Eko, Francis O AU - Black, Carolyn M AD - Biochemistry and Immunology Chief, Molecular Pathogenesis laboratory, National Center for Infectious Disease, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), 1600 Clifton Road, Mailstop C17, Atlanta, GA 30333, USA Y1 - 2003/02// PY - 2003 DA - Feb 2003 SP - 129 EP - 146 PB - Future Science Group (FSG), Unitec House, 2 Albert Place London N3 1QB United Kingdom VL - 2 IS - 1 SN - 1476-0584, 1476-0584 KW - ASFA 3: Aquatic Pollution & Environmental Quality; ASFA 1: Biological Sciences & Living Resources; Microbiology Abstracts B: Bacteriology KW - Chlamydia KW - gram-negative bacteria KW - oculogenital infections KW - respiratory infections KW - Infertility KW - Chlorophylls KW - Symptoms KW - Alzheimer's disease KW - Disease control KW - Gene products KW - Sinusitis KW - Adjuvants KW - Defence mechanisms KW - Morbidity KW - Cervicitis KW - Trachoma KW - Public health KW - Pelvic inflammatory disease KW - genomics KW - Urethritis KW - Endometritis KW - Multiple sclerosis KW - Conjunctivitis KW - Immunity KW - Neurodegenerative diseases KW - Immunogenicity KW - Reviews KW - proteomics KW - Immune response KW - Vaccines KW - Pneumonia KW - Evolution KW - Q1 08484:Species interactions: parasites and diseases KW - J 02350:Immunology KW - Q5 08524:Public health, medicines, dangerous organisms UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/1285087064?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aasfaaquaticpollution&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Expert+Review+of+Vaccines&rft.atitle=Contemporary+approaches+to+designing+and+evaluating+vaccines+against+Chlamydia&rft.au=Igietseme%2C+Joseph+U%3BEko%2C+Francis+O%3BBlack%2C+Carolyn+M&rft.aulast=Igietseme&rft.aufirst=Joseph&rft.date=2003-02-01&rft.volume=30&rft.issue=6&rft.spage=502&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Sexually+Transmitted+Diseases&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2013-02-01 N1 - Last updated - 2014-12-11 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Symptoms; Chlorophylls; Disease control; Gene products; Immunity; Vaccines; Defence mechanisms; Evolution; Public health; Infertility; Endometritis; Multiple sclerosis; Alzheimer's disease; Adjuvants; Conjunctivitis; Sinusitis; Morbidity; Trachoma; Cervicitis; Neurodegenerative diseases; Immunogenicity; Reviews; Pelvic inflammatory disease; Immune response; proteomics; genomics; Pneumonia; Urethritis; Chlamydia DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1586/14760584.2.1.129 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Surveillance for safety after immunization: Vaccine Adverse Event Reporting System (VAERS)--United States, 1991-2001. AN - 73389512; 12825543 AB - Vaccines are usually administered to healthy persons who have substantial expectations for the safety of the vaccines. Adverse events after vaccinations occur but are generally rare. Some adverse events are unlikely to be detected in prelicensure clinical trials because of their low frequency, the limited numbers of enrolled subjects, and other study limitations. Therefore, postmarketing monitoring of adverse events after vaccinations is essential. The cornerstone of monitoring safety is review and analysis of spontaneously reported adverse events. This report summarizes the adverse events reported to the Vaccine Adverse Event Reporting System (VAERS) from January 1, 1991, through December 31, 2001. VAERS was established in 1990 under the joint administration of CDC and the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) to accept reports of suspected adverse events after administration of any vaccine licensed in the United States. VAERS is a passive surveillance system: reports of events are voluntarily submitted by those who experience them, their caregivers, or others. Passive surveillance systems (e.g., VAERS) are subject to multiple limitations, including underreporting, reporting of temporal associations or unconfirmed diagnoses, and lack of denominator data and unbiased comparison groups. Because of these limitations, determining causal associations between vaccines and adverse events from VAERS reports is usually not possible. Vaccine safety concerns identified through adverse event monitoring nearly always require confirmation using an epidemiologic or other (e.g., laboratory) study. Reports may be submitted by anyone suspecting that an adverse event might have been caused by vaccination and are usually submitted by mail or fax. A web-based electronic reporting system has recently become available. Information from the reports is entered into the VAERS database, and new reports are analyzed weekly. VAERS data stripped of personal identifiers can be reviewed by the public by accessing http://www.vaers.org. The objectives of VAERS are to 1) detect new, unusual, or rare vaccine adverse events; 2) monitor increases in known adverse events; 3) determine patient risk factors for particular types of adverse events; 4) identify vaccine lots with increased numbers or types of reported adverse events; and 5) assess the safety of newly licensed vaccines. During 1991-2001, VAERS received 128,717 reports, whereas >1.9 billion net doses of human vaccines were distributed. The overall dose-based reporting rate for the 27 frequently reported vaccine types was 11.4 reports per 100,000 net doses distributed. The proportions of reports in the age groups /= years were 18.1%, 26.7%, 8.0%, 32.6%, and 4.9%, respectively. In all of the adult age groups, a predominance among the number of women reporting was observed, but the difference in sex was minimal among children. Overall, the most commonly reported adverse event was fever, which appeared in 25.8% of all reports, followed by injection-site hypersensitivity (15.8%), rash (unspecified) (11.0%), injection-site edema (10.8%), and vasodilatation (10.8%). A total of 14.2% of all reports described serious adverse events, which by regulatory definition include death, life-threatening illness, hospitalization or prolongation of hospitalization, or permanent disability. Examples of the uses of VAERS data for vaccine safety surveillance are included in this report. As a national public health surveillance system, VAERS is a key component in ensuring the safety of vaccines. VAERS data are used by CDC, FDA, and other organizations to monitor and study vaccine safety. CDC and FDA use VAERS data to respond to public inquiries regarding vaccine safety, and both organizations have published and presented vaccine safety studies based on VAERS data. VAERS data are also used by the Advisory Committee on Immunization Practices and the Vaccine and Related Biological Products Advisory Committee to evaluate possible adverse events after vaccinations and to develop recommendations for precautions and contraindications to vaccinations. Reviews of VAERS reports and the studies based on VAERS reports during 1991-2001 have demonstrated that vaccines are usually safe and that serious adverse events occur but are rare. Through continued reporting of adverse events after vaccination to VAERS by health-care providers, public health professionals, and the public and monitoring of reported events by the VAERS working group, the public health system will continue to be able to detect rare but potentially serious consequences of vaccination. This knowledge facilitates improvement in the safety of vaccines and the vaccination process. JF - Morbidity and mortality weekly report. Surveillance summaries (Washington, D.C. : 2002) AU - Zhou, Weigong AU - Pool, Vitali AU - Iskander, John K AU - English-Bullard, Roseanne AU - Ball, Robert AU - Wise, Robert P AU - Haber, Penina AU - Pless, Robert P AU - Mootrey, Gina AU - Ellenberg, Susan S AU - Braun, M Miles AU - Chen, Robert T AD - Epidemic Intelligence Service Program, Epidemiology Program Office, CDC, USA. Y1 - 2003/01/24/ PY - 2003 DA - 2003 Jan 24 SP - 1 EP - 24 VL - 52 IS - 1 SN - 1546-0738, 1546-0738 KW - Vaccines KW - 0 KW - Index Medicus KW - Guillain-Barre Syndrome -- etiology KW - Humans KW - Aged KW - Child KW - Guillain-Barre Syndrome -- epidemiology KW - Child, Preschool KW - Infant KW - Adverse Drug Reaction Reporting Systems KW - Adult KW - Databases, Factual KW - Intussusception -- etiology KW - Middle Aged KW - Adolescent KW - United States -- epidemiology KW - Male KW - Intussusception -- epidemiology KW - Female KW - Vaccines -- adverse effects UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/73389512?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Morbidity+and+mortality+weekly+report.+Surveillance+summaries+%28Washington%2C+D.C.+%3A+2002%29&rft.atitle=Surveillance+for+safety+after+immunization%3A+Vaccine+Adverse+Event+Reporting+System+%28VAERS%29--United+States%2C+1991-2001.&rft.au=Zhou%2C+Weigong%3BPool%2C+Vitali%3BIskander%2C+John+K%3BEnglish-Bullard%2C+Roseanne%3BBall%2C+Robert%3BWise%2C+Robert+P%3BHaber%2C+Penina%3BPless%2C+Robert+P%3BMootrey%2C+Gina%3BEllenberg%2C+Susan+S%3BBraun%2C+M+Miles%3BChen%2C+Robert+T&rft.aulast=Zhou&rft.aufirst=Weigong&rft.date=2003-01-24&rft.volume=52&rft.issue=1&rft.spage=1&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Morbidity+and+mortality+weekly+report.+Surveillance+summaries+%28Washington%2C+D.C.+%3A+2002%29&rft.issn=15460738&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 2003-06-26 N1 - Date created - 2003-06-19 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - SuppNotes - Erratum In: MMWR Morb Mortal Wkly Rep. 2003 Feb 14;52(06):113 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Diesel exhaust particle-induced alterations of pulmonary phase I and phase II enzymes of rats AN - 18808536; 5684504 AB - Although diesel exhaust particles (DEP) are known to produce pulmonary disorders, the xenobiotic metabolic pathways associated with DEP detoxification and bioactivation remain unclear. In this study, the effect of acute exposure of DEP on phase I and phase II enzymes of rat lung was investigated. Intratracheal administration of DEP produced an induction of cytochrome P-450 (CYP) 1A1 enzyme protein and activity at 1 d postexposure, with the enzyme level returning to control at 5 d postexposure. On the other hand, carbon black (CB), a particle control, did not show any induction of CYP1A1 protein or enzyme activity. However, both DEP and CB significantly decreased CYP2B1 protein and enzyme activity at 1 d postexposure. The decrease in CYP2B1 enzyme protein and activity by DEP or CB treatment was observed up to 7 d postexposure. DEP and CB treatments also significantly attenuated glutathione S-transferase (GST)- pi protein at 1 d postexposure. Both DEP and CB at 35 mg/kg significantly decreased the activities of GST and catalase at 1 and 7 d postexposure. DEP, but not CB, significantly induced quinone reductase (QR) activity at 7 d postexposure. This study suggests that DEP may induce CYP1A1 and QR enzymes via a chemical effect, while the carbonaceous core may be involved in the attenuation of CYP2B1, GST, and catalase proteins and enzyme activities. JF - Journal of Toxicology and Environmental Health, Part A: Current Issues AU - Rengasamy, A AU - Barger, M W AU - Kane, E AU - Ma, JKH AU - Castranova, V AU - Ma, JYC AD - Pathology and Physiology Research Branch, Health Effects Laboratory Division, NIOSH, 1095 Willowdale Road, Morgantown, WV 26505, USA, jym1@cdc.gov Y1 - 2003/01/24/ PY - 2003 DA - 2003 Jan 24 SP - 153 EP - 167 VL - 66 IS - 2 SN - 1528-7394, 1528-7394 KW - rats KW - Toxicology Abstracts KW - X 24155:Biochemistry UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/18808536?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxicologyabstracts&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Toxicology+and+Environmental+Health%2C+Part+A%3A+Current+Issues&rft.atitle=Diesel+exhaust+particle-induced+alterations+of+pulmonary+phase+I+and+phase+II+enzymes+of+rats&rft.au=Rengasamy%2C+A%3BBarger%2C+M+W%3BKane%2C+E%3BMa%2C+JKH%3BCastranova%2C+V%3BMa%2C+JYC&rft.aulast=Rengasamy&rft.aufirst=A&rft.date=2003-01-24&rft.volume=66&rft.issue=2&rft.spage=153&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+Toxicology+and+Environmental+Health%2C+Part+A%3A+Current+Issues&rft.issn=15287394&rft_id=info:doi/10.1080%2F15287390390155813 LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/15287390390155813 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Outbreak of botulism type E associated with eating a beached whale--Western Alaska, July 2002. AN - 73062271; 12608715 AB - Botulism is a neuroparalytic illness caused by toxins produced by the bacterium Clostridium botulinum, an obligate anaerobe found commonly in the environment. Intoxication with toxin type E is associated exclusively with eating animal foods of marine (salt or fresh water) origin. Persons who eat raw or fermented marine fish and mammals are at high risk for botulism from type E toxin. On July 17, 2002, the Alaska Division of Public Health investigated a cluster of suspected botulism cases among residents of a fishing village in Alaska. This report summarizes the findings of the outbreak investigation, which linked disease to eating raw muktuk (skin and a pink blubber layer) from a beached whale (Figure). To avoid delays in treatment, health-care providers evaluating patients suspected of having botulism should base treatment decisions on clinical findings. Public health authorities should be notified immediately about any suspected botulism case. JF - MMWR. Morbidity and mortality weekly report AU - Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) AD - Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) Y1 - 2003/01/17/ PY - 2003 DA - 2003 Jan 17 SP - 24 EP - 26 VL - 52 IS - 2 SN - 0149-2195, 0149-2195 KW - Botulinum Toxins KW - EC 3.4.24.69 KW - botulinum toxin type E KW - T579M564JY KW - Index Medicus KW - Animals KW - Aged, 80 and over KW - Humans KW - Alaska -- epidemiology KW - Adult KW - Aged KW - Middle Aged KW - Disease Outbreaks KW - Adolescent KW - Cluster Analysis KW - Male KW - Female KW - Botulism -- diagnosis KW - Botulism -- etiology KW - Botulism -- epidemiology KW - Whales UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/73062271?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=MMWR.+Morbidity+and+mortality+weekly+report&rft.atitle=Outbreak+of+botulism+type+E+associated+with+eating+a+beached+whale--Western+Alaska%2C+July+2002.&rft.au=Centers+for+Disease+Control+and+Prevention+%28CDC%29&rft.aulast=Centers+for+Disease+Control+and+Prevention+%28CDC%29&rft.aufirst=&rft.date=2003-01-17&rft.volume=52&rft.issue=2&rft.spage=24&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=MMWR.+Morbidity+and+mortality+weekly+report&rft.issn=01492195&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 2003-03-06 N1 - Date created - 2003-02-28 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Infant botulism--New York City, 2001-2002. AN - 73061071; 12608714 AB - Infant botulism results from germination of swallowed spores of botulinum toxin-producing clostridia that colonize the large intestine temporarily. Four cases of type B infant botulism in one New York City (NYC) borough were diagnosed within a 12-month period during 2001-2002. All four patients resided in Staten Island (2000 population: 443,728). The annual incidence of infant botulism in the United States is two cases per 100,000 live births; incidence in NYC is four cases per 100,000 live births. Staten Island recorded 5,899 live births in 2000; incidence of infant botulism during this 12-month period was 68 cases per 100,000 live births. This report summarizes the investigation of these four cases; as expected with infant botulism, a common source of exposure was not identified. All four patients recovered after treatment and were discharged from local hospitals. State and local health departments should be notified promptly when infant botulism is suspected to arrange diagnostic testing. JF - MMWR. Morbidity and mortality weekly report AU - Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) AD - Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) Y1 - 2003/01/17/ PY - 2003 DA - 2003 Jan 17 SP - 21 EP - 24 VL - 52 IS - 2 SN - 0149-2195, 0149-2195 KW - rimabotulinumtoxinB KW - 0Y70779M1F KW - Botulinum Toxins KW - EC 3.4.24.69 KW - Botulinum Toxins, Type A KW - Index Medicus KW - Infant KW - New York City -- epidemiology KW - Risk Factors KW - Humans KW - Infant, Newborn KW - Disease Outbreaks KW - Cluster Analysis KW - Botulinum Toxins -- isolation & purification KW - Botulism -- diagnosis KW - Botulism -- therapy KW - Botulism -- epidemiology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/73061071?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=MMWR.+Morbidity+and+mortality+weekly+report&rft.atitle=Infant+botulism--New+York+City%2C+2001-2002.&rft.au=Centers+for+Disease+Control+and+Prevention+%28CDC%29&rft.aulast=Centers+for+Disease+Control+and+Prevention+%28CDC%29&rft.aufirst=&rft.date=2003-01-17&rft.volume=52&rft.issue=2&rft.spage=21&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=MMWR.+Morbidity+and+mortality+weekly+report&rft.issn=01492195&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 2003-03-06 N1 - Date created - 2003-02-28 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Macrolide-resistant pneumococcal endocarditis and epidural abscess that develop during erythromycin therapy. AN - 72957755; 12522763 AB - Suppurative complications of Streptococcus pneumoniae infections have become uncommon in the antibiotic era. We report a case of pneumococcal bacteremia and pneumonia complicated with epidural abscess and endocarditis in which macrolide resistance (the MLS(B) phenotype) emerged during erythromycin therapy. Genetic determinants known to mediate the most common mechanisms of macrolide resistance (methylation of the 23S rRNA and antibiotic efflux) were not detected by polymerase chain reaction or DNA hybridization. Sequence analysis of the DNA encoding the 23S rRNA of the macrolide-resistant isolate from the patient demonstrated the replacement of adenine by thymine at position 2058 (A2058T) in 2 of 4 alleles. Clinicians should be alert to the possibility of the emergence of resistance during macrolide therapy for community-acquired pneumonia, particularly if suppurative complications of pneumococcal infection are suspected. JF - Clinical infectious diseases : an official publication of the Infectious Diseases Society of America AU - Butler, Jay C AU - Lennox, Jeffrey L AU - McDougal, Linda K AU - Sutcliffe, Joyce A AU - Tait-Kamradt, Amelia AU - Tenover, Fred C AD - Arctic Investigations Program, National Center for Infectious Diseases, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Anchorage, Alaska 99508, USA. Jbutler@cdc.gov Y1 - 2003/01/15/ PY - 2003 DA - 2003 Jan 15 SP - e19 EP - e25 VL - 36 IS - 2 KW - Anti-Bacterial Agents KW - 0 KW - RNA, Ribosomal, 23S KW - Erythromycin KW - 63937KV33D KW - Index Medicus KW - RNA, Ribosomal, 23S -- analysis KW - Humans KW - Point Mutation KW - RNA, Ribosomal, 23S -- genetics KW - Middle Aged KW - Microbial Sensitivity Tests KW - Streptococcus pneumoniae -- drug effects KW - Male KW - Streptococcus pneumoniae -- genetics KW - Endocarditis, Bacterial -- complications KW - Erythromycin -- therapeutic use KW - Erythromycin -- adverse effects KW - Anti-Bacterial Agents -- pharmacology KW - Pneumonia, Pneumococcal -- drug therapy KW - Pneumonia, Pneumococcal -- complications KW - Epidural Abscess -- complications UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/72957755?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Clinical+infectious+diseases+%3A+an+official+publication+of+the+Infectious+Diseases+Society+of+America&rft.atitle=Macrolide-resistant+pneumococcal+endocarditis+and+epidural+abscess+that+develop+during+erythromycin+therapy.&rft.au=Butler%2C+Jay+C%3BLennox%2C+Jeffrey+L%3BMcDougal%2C+Linda+K%3BSutcliffe%2C+Joyce+A%3BTait-Kamradt%2C+Amelia%3BTenover%2C+Fred+C&rft.aulast=Butler&rft.aufirst=Jay&rft.date=2003-01-15&rft.volume=36&rft.issue=2&rft.spage=e19&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Clinical+infectious+diseases+%3A+an+official+publication+of+the+Infectious+Diseases+Society+of+America&rft.issn=1537-6591&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 2003-02-05 N1 - Date created - 2003-01-10 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Exposure to particulate 1-->3-beta-glucans induces greater pulmonary toxicity than soluble 1-->3-beta-glucans in rats. AN - 73015203; 12587289 AB - 1-->3-beta-Glucans, derived from the inner cell wall of yeasts and fungi, are commonly found in indoor air dust samples and have been implicated in organic dust toxic syndrome. In a previous study, it was reported that 1-->3-beta-glucan (zymosan A) induced acute pulmonary inflammation in rats. This study investigates which form of 1-->3-beta-glucans, particulate or soluble, is more potent in inducing pulmonary inflammation. Zymosan A was suspended in 0.25 N NaOH for 30 min, neutralized, dialyzed for 2 d using deionized water, and particulate and soluble fractions were collected. Male Sprague-Dawley rats were exposed via intratracheal instillation to NaOH-soluble or NaOH-insoluble zymosan A. At 18 h postexposure, various indicators of pulmonary response were monitored, including indicators of lung damage, such as serum albumin concentration and lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) activity in acellular bronchoalveolar lavage fluid. Inflammation was characterized by an increase in lavageable polymorphonuclear leukocytes (PMN). Pulmonary irritation (breathing frequency increase) and oxidant production (nitric oxide and chemiluminescence, CL) were also monitored. Exposure to the particulate form of NaOH-treated zymosan produced a significant increase in all these indicators. In contrast, rats exposed to the NaOH-soluble fraction were not markedly affected except for LDH, PMN, and CL. However, these increases were significantly less than with exposure to NaOH-insoluble zymosan. Therefore, results demonstrate that particulate zymosan A is more potent in inducing pulmonary inflammation and damage in rats than the soluble form of this beta-glucan. JF - Journal of toxicology and environmental health. Part A AU - Young, Shih-Houng AU - Robinson, Victor A AU - Barger, Mark AU - Whitmer, Michael AU - Porter, Dale W AU - Frazer, David G AU - Castranova, Vincent AD - Health Effects Laboratory Division, National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, 1095 Willowdale Road, MS 2027, Morgantown, WV 26505, USA. syoung@cdc.gov Y1 - 2003/01/10/ PY - 2003 DA - 2003 Jan 10 SP - 25 EP - 38 VL - 66 IS - 1 SN - 1528-7394, 1528-7394 KW - Dust KW - 0 KW - Serum Albumin KW - Nitric Oxide KW - 31C4KY9ESH KW - Zymosan KW - 9010-72-4 KW - Index Medicus KW - Rats KW - Nitric Oxide -- analysis KW - Animals KW - Rats, Sprague-Dawley KW - Analysis of Variance KW - Serum Albumin -- analysis KW - Bronchoalveolar Lavage Fluid -- chemistry KW - Luminescent Measurements KW - Trachea -- drug effects KW - Bronchoalveolar Lavage Fluid -- cytology KW - Inflammation KW - Respiration -- drug effects KW - Lung -- drug effects KW - Lung -- pathology KW - Zymosan -- toxicity UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/73015203?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+toxicology+and+environmental+health.+Part+A&rft.atitle=Exposure+to+particulate+1--%26gt%3B3-beta-glucans+induces+greater+pulmonary+toxicity+than+soluble+1--%26gt%3B3-beta-glucans+in+rats.&rft.au=Young%2C+Shih-Houng%3BRobinson%2C+Victor+A%3BBarger%2C+Mark%3BWhitmer%2C+Michael%3BPorter%2C+Dale+W%3BFrazer%2C+David+G%3BCastranova%2C+Vincent&rft.aulast=Young&rft.aufirst=Shih-Houng&rft.date=2003-01-10&rft.volume=66&rft.issue=1&rft.spage=25&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+toxicology+and+environmental+health.+Part+A&rft.issn=15287394&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 2003-03-13 N1 - Date created - 2003-02-17 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Exposure to particulate 1 arrow right 3- beta -glucans induces greater pulmonary toxicity than soluble 1 arrow right 3- beta -glucans in rats AN - 18805325; 5684510 AB - 1 arrow right 3- beta -Glucans, derived from the inner cell wall of yeasts and fungi, are commonly found in indoor air dust samples and have been implicated in organic dust toxic syndrome. In a previous study, it was reported that 1 arrow right 3- beta -glucan (zymosan A) induced acute pulmonary inflammation in rats. This study investigates which form of 1 arrow right 3- beta -glucans, particulate or soluble, is more potent in inducing pulmonary inflammation. Zymosan A was suspended in 0.25 N NaOH for 30 min, neutralized, dialyzed for 2 d using deionized water, and particulate and soluble fractions were collected. Male Sprague-Dawley rats were exposed via intratracheal instillation to NaOH-soluble or NaOH-insoluble zymosan A. At 18 h postexposure, various indicators of pulmonary response were monitored, including indicators of lung damage, such as serum albumin concentration and lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) activity in acellular bronchoalveolar lavage fluid. Inflammation was characterized by an increase in lavageable polymorphonuclear leukocytes (PMN). Pulmonary irritation (breathing frequency increase) and oxidant production (nitric oxide and chemiluminescence, CL) were also monitored. Exposure to the particulate form of NaOH-treated zymosan produced a significant increase in all these indicators. In contrast, rats exposed to the NaOH-soluble fraction were not markedly affected except for LDH, PMN, and CL. However, these increases were significantly less than with exposure to NaOH-insoluble zymosan. Therefore, results demonstrate that particulate zymosan A is more potent in inducing pulmonary inflammation and damage in rats than the soluble form of this beta -glucan. JF - Journal of Toxicology and Environmental Health, Part A: Current Issues AU - Young, S-H AU - Robinson, V A AU - Barger, M AU - Whitmer, M AU - Porter, D W AU - Frazer, D G AU - Castranova, V AD - Engineering Control and Technology Branch, Health Effects Laboratory Division, National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, 1095 Willowdale Road, MS 2027, Morgantown, WV 26505, USA, syoung@cdc.gov Y1 - 2003/01/10/ PY - 2003 DA - 2003 Jan 10 SP - 25 EP - 38 VL - 66 IS - 1 SN - 1528-7394, 1528-7394 KW - beta -Glucan KW - rats KW - Toxicology Abstracts KW - X 24171:Microbial UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/18805325?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxicologyabstracts&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Toxicology+and+Environmental+Health%2C+Part+A%3A+Current+Issues&rft.atitle=Exposure+to+particulate+1+arrow+right+3-+beta+-glucans+induces+greater+pulmonary+toxicity+than+soluble+1+arrow+right+3-+beta+-glucans+in+rats&rft.au=Young%2C+S-H%3BRobinson%2C+V+A%3BBarger%2C+M%3BWhitmer%2C+M%3BPorter%2C+D+W%3BFrazer%2C+D+G%3BCastranova%2C+V&rft.aulast=Young&rft.aufirst=S-H&rft.date=2003-01-10&rft.volume=66&rft.issue=1&rft.spage=25&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+Toxicology+and+Environmental+Health%2C+Part+A%3A+Current+Issues&rft.issn=15287394&rft_id=info:doi/10.1080%2F15287390390155732 LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/15287390390155732 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Outbreaks of Salmonella serotype enteritidis infection associated with eating shell eggs--United States, 1999-2001. AN - 72977698; 12553566 AB - A Salmonella serotype Enteritidis (SE) epidemic emerged in the 1980s, when increasing numbers of infections were detected in the Northeastern and Mid-Atlantic regions of the United States. In the early 1990s, while SE rates in the Northeast began to decline, the SE epidemic expanded to the Pacific region. Nationwide, the number of SE isolates reported to CDC peaked at 3.8 per 100,000 population in 1995. Although rates of culture-confirmed SE infection reported to CDC declined to 1.9 by 1999 (Figure 1), rates did not decline further through 2001, and outbreaks continue to occur. Investigations of outbreaks and sporadic cases have indicated repeatedly that, when a food vehicle is identified, the most common sources of SE infection are undercooked and raw shell eggs. This report describes two SE outbreaks associated with eating shell eggs and underscores the need to strengthen SE-control measures. JF - MMWR. Morbidity and mortality weekly report AU - Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) AD - Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) Y1 - 2003/01/03/ PY - 2003 DA - 2003 Jan 03 SP - 1149 EP - 1152 VL - 51 IS - 51-52 SN - 0149-2195, 0149-2195 KW - Index Medicus KW - Prisons KW - Humans KW - Adult KW - Food Handling KW - North Carolina -- epidemiology KW - Disease Outbreaks KW - United States -- epidemiology KW - Male KW - Female KW - South Carolina -- epidemiology KW - Salmonella Food Poisoning -- etiology KW - Eggs -- microbiology KW - Salmonella Food Poisoning -- epidemiology KW - Salmonella enteritidis -- isolation & purification UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/72977698?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=MMWR.+Morbidity+and+mortality+weekly+report&rft.atitle=Outbreaks+of+Salmonella+serotype+enteritidis+infection+associated+with+eating+shell+eggs--United+States%2C+1999-2001.&rft.au=Centers+for+Disease+Control+and+Prevention+%28CDC%29&rft.aulast=Centers+for+Disease+Control+and+Prevention+%28CDC%29&rft.aufirst=&rft.date=2003-01-03&rft.volume=51&rft.issue=51-52&rft.spage=1149&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=MMWR.+Morbidity+and+mortality+weekly+report&rft.issn=01492195&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 2003-01-30 N1 - Date created - 2003-01-29 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Occupational electrical injuries in the United States, 1992-1998, and recommendations for safety research. AN - 73631510; 12963070 AB - CFOI and SOII data show that 2,287 U.S. workers died and 32,807 workers sustained days away from work due to electrical shock or electrical burn injuries between 1992 and 1998. The narrative, work activity, job title, source of injury, location, and industry for each fatal electrical accident were examined. A primary causal factor was identified for each fatality. Electrical fatalities were categorized into five major groups. Overall, 44% of electrical fatalities occurred in the construction industry. Contact with overhead power lines caused 41% of all electrical fatalities. Electrical shock caused 99% of fatal and 62% of nonfatal electrical accidents. Comprising about 7% of the U.S. workforce, construction workers sustain 44% of electrical fatalities. Power line contact by mobile equipment occurs in many industries and should be the subject of focused research. Other problem areas are identified and opportunities for research are proposed. Improvements in electrical safety in one industry often have application in other industries. JF - Journal of safety research AU - Cawley, James C AU - Homce, Gerald T AD - National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, Pittsburgh Research Laboratory, P.O. Box 18070, Pittsburgh, PA 15236, USA. Jcawley@cdc.gov Y1 - 2003 PY - 2003 DA - 2003 SP - 241 EP - 248 VL - 34 IS - 3 SN - 0022-4375, 0022-4375 KW - Index Medicus KW - Causality KW - Humans KW - Research KW - United States -- epidemiology KW - National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (U.S.) KW - Occupational Health KW - Electric Injuries -- epidemiology KW - Occupational Diseases -- epidemiology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/73631510?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+safety+research&rft.atitle=Occupational+electrical+injuries+in+the+United+States%2C+1992-1998%2C+and+recommendations+for+safety+research.&rft.au=Cawley%2C+James+C%3BHomce%2C+Gerald+T&rft.aulast=Cawley&rft.aufirst=James&rft.date=2003-01-01&rft.volume=34&rft.issue=3&rft.spage=241&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+safety+research&rft.issn=00224375&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 2003-10-21 N1 - Date created - 2003-09-09 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Public knowledge regarding the role of genetic susceptibility to environmentally induced health conditions. AN - 73300527; 12748435 AB - Diseases thought to be caused by exposure to environmental factors are also influenced by genetic susceptibility. It is not clear to what extent the public recognizes the role of genetics in causing these diseases. We asked 2,353 people in a national survey to indicate their level of agreement with statements about the genetic contribution to four health conditions typically considered to be environmentally induced. 206 (9%) respondents believed that genetic susceptibility contributes to all four health conditions, while 751 (32%) believed that genetics plays no role in causing any of the conditions. Respondents were more likely to believe that genetics contributes to adverse drug reactions and smoking-related illnesses than to infectious diseases and diseases resulting from exposure to environmental agents. This study suggests that the public views genetic susceptibility as playing only a limited role in human disease induced by environmental factors. Increasing awareness of the role of genetic factors in these diseases will be necessary for translating gene discovery into effective personal and public health actions. Copyright 2003 S. Karger AG, Basel JF - Community genetics AU - Morris, Jill AU - Gwinn, Marta AU - Clyne, Mindy AU - Khoury, Muin J AD - Office of Genetics and Disease Prevention, National Center for Environmental Health, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, 4770 Buford Highway NE, MS K-28, Atlanta, GA 30341-3724, USA. jmorris1@cdc.gov Y1 - 2003 PY - 2003 DA - 2003 SP - 22 EP - 28 VL - 6 IS - 1 SN - 1422-2795, 1422-2795 KW - Index Medicus KW - Cross-Sectional Studies KW - Humans KW - Adult KW - Health Behavior KW - Aged KW - Middle Aged KW - Health Education KW - Male KW - Female KW - Genetic Diseases, Inborn -- genetics KW - Health Knowledge, Attitudes, Practice KW - Genetic Predisposition to Disease KW - Environmental Exposure -- adverse effects UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/73300527?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Community+genetics&rft.atitle=Public+knowledge+regarding+the+role+of+genetic+susceptibility+to+environmentally+induced+health+conditions.&rft.au=Morris%2C+Jill%3BGwinn%2C+Marta%3BClyne%2C+Mindy%3BKhoury%2C+Muin+J&rft.aulast=Morris&rft.aufirst=Jill&rft.date=2003-01-01&rft.volume=6&rft.issue=1&rft.spage=22&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Community+genetics&rft.issn=14222795&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 2003-10-06 N1 - Date created - 2003-05-15 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Field-portable spectroscopy. AN - 73123457; 12650543 JF - Applied occupational and environmental hygiene AU - Ashley, Kevin AD - US Department of Health and Human Services, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, Cincinnati, Ohio 45226-1998, USA. kashley@cdc.gov Y1 - 2003/01// PY - 2003 DA - January 2003 SP - 10 EP - 15 VL - 18 IS - 1 SN - 1047-322X, 1047-322X KW - Aerosols KW - 0 KW - Air Pollutants, Occupational KW - Index Medicus KW - Evaluation Studies as Topic KW - Aerosols -- analysis KW - Humans KW - Equipment and Supplies -- standards KW - Air Pollutants, Occupational -- analysis KW - Spectrum Analysis -- classification KW - Spectrum Analysis -- instrumentation UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/73123457?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Applied+occupational+and+environmental+hygiene&rft.atitle=Field-portable+spectroscopy.&rft.au=Ashley%2C+Kevin&rft.aulast=Ashley&rft.aufirst=Kevin&rft.date=2003-01-01&rft.volume=18&rft.issue=1&rft.spage=10&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Applied+occupational+and+environmental+hygiene&rft.issn=1047322X&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 2003-04-14 N1 - Date created - 2003-03-24 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Quantitative determination of the hydrolysis products of nitrogen mustards in human urine by liquid chromatography-electrospray ionization tandem mass spectrometry. AN - 73029258; 12587675 AB - Nitrogen mustards are a public health concern because of their extreme vesicant properties and the possible exposure of workers during the destruction of chemical stockpiles. A sensitive, rapid, accurate, and precise analysis for the quantitation of ultratrace levels of N-ethyldiethanolamine (EDEA) and N-methyldiethanolamine (MDEA) in human urine as a means of assessing recent exposure to the nitrogen mustards bis(2-chloroethyl)ethylamine and bis(2-chloroethyl)methylamine, respectively, was developed. The method was based on solid-phase extraction, followed by analysis of the urine extract using isotope-dilution high-performance liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry with TurbolonSpray ionization and multiple-reaction monitoring. The method limits of detection were 0.41 ng/mL for EDEA and 0.96 ng/mL for MDEA in 1 mL of urine with coefficients of variation < 10% for both compounds. JF - Journal of analytical toxicology AU - Lemire, Sharon W AU - Ashley, David L AU - Calafat, Antonia M AD - Division of Laboratory Sciences, National Center for Environmental Health/Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia 30341-3724, USA. SGL4@cdc.gov PY - 2003 SP - 1 EP - 6 VL - 27 IS - 1 SN - 0146-4760, 0146-4760 KW - Chemical Warfare Agents KW - 0 KW - Nitrogen Mustard Compounds KW - Mechlorethamine KW - 50D9XSG0VR KW - bis(2-chloroethyl)ethylamine KW - 538-07-8 KW - Index Medicus KW - Sensitivity and Specificity KW - Reproducibility of Results KW - Humans KW - Hydrolysis KW - Nitrogen Mustard Compounds -- urine KW - Chemical Warfare Agents -- metabolism KW - Mechlorethamine -- analysis KW - Nitrogen Mustard Compounds -- analysis KW - Mechlorethamine -- urine KW - Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid -- methods KW - Chemical Warfare Agents -- analysis KW - Spectrometry, Mass, Electrospray Ionization -- methods UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/73029258?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+analytical+toxicology&rft.atitle=Quantitative+determination+of+the+hydrolysis+products+of+nitrogen+mustards+in+human+urine+by+liquid+chromatography-electrospray+ionization+tandem+mass+spectrometry.&rft.au=Lemire%2C+Sharon+W%3BAshley%2C+David+L%3BCalafat%2C+Antonia+M&rft.aulast=Lemire&rft.aufirst=Sharon&rft.date=2003-01-01&rft.volume=27&rft.issue=1&rft.spage=1&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+analytical+toxicology&rft.issn=01464760&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 2003-07-15 N1 - Date created - 2003-02-17 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Health effects of welding. AN - 73021609; 12585507 AB - Many of the epidemiology studies performed are difficult to compare because of differences in worker populations, industrial settings, welding techniques, duration of exposure, and other occupational exposures besides welding fumes. Some studies were conducted in carefully controlled work environments, others during actual workplace conditions, and some in laboratories. Epidemiology studies have shown that a large number of welders experience some type of respiratory illness. Respiratory effects seen in full-time welders have included bronchitis, airway irritation, lung function changes, and a possible increase in the incidence of lung cancer. Pulmonary infections are increased in terms of severity, duration, and frequency among welders. Although epidemiological studies have demonstrated an increase in pulmonary illness after exposure to welding fumes, little information of the causality, dose-response, and possible underlying mechanisms regarding the inhalation of welding fumes exists. Even less information is available about the neurological, reproductive, and dermal effects after welding fume exposure. Moreover, carcinogenicity and short-term and long-term toxicology studies of welding fumes in animals are lacing or incomplete. Therefore, an understanding of possible adverse health effects of exposure to welding fumes is essential to risk assessment and the development of prevention strategies and will impact a large population of workers. JF - Critical reviews in toxicology AU - Antonini, James M AD - Health Effects Laboratory Division, National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, 1095 Willowdale Road (M/S 2015), Morgantown, WV 26505, USA. jga6@cdc.gov Y1 - 2003 PY - 2003 DA - 2003 SP - 61 EP - 103 VL - 33 IS - 1 SN - 1040-8444, 1040-8444 KW - Air Pollutants, Occupational KW - 0 KW - Index Medicus KW - Animals KW - Humans KW - Respiratory Tract Diseases -- etiology KW - Respiratory Tract Diseases -- epidemiology KW - Confined Spaces KW - United States -- epidemiology KW - Air Pollutants, Occupational -- adverse effects KW - Welding KW - Occupational Exposure -- adverse effects KW - Inhalation Exposure -- adverse effects UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/73021609?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Critical+reviews+in+toxicology&rft.atitle=Health+effects+of+welding.&rft.au=Antonini%2C+James+M&rft.aulast=Antonini&rft.aufirst=James&rft.date=2003-01-01&rft.volume=33&rft.issue=1&rft.spage=61&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Critical+reviews+in+toxicology&rft.issn=10408444&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 2003-07-02 N1 - Date created - 2003-02-14 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Survival of infants diagnosed with encephalocele in Atlanta, 1979-98. AN - 72997257; 12562471 AB - This study aimed to evaluate the survival of a cohort of liveborn infants diagnosed with encephalocele during a 20-year period and the variation of such survival by selected demographic and clinical characteristics. We reviewed data from the Metropolitan Atlanta Congenital Defects Program (MACDP) to ascertain all live births diagnosed with encephalocele (n = 83) from 1979 to 1998. Of these, 66 (79%) had isolated defects. Among 70 liveborn infants with site of the defect specified, 50 were classified as having posterior and 20 with anterior defects. To identify their vital status, we used data from MACDP hospital records and vital records from the State of Georgia supplemented by linking registry data with the National Death Index from 1979 to 1999. Among children with encephalocele, 76.0% of the deaths (19/25) occurred during the first day of life. The survival probability to 1 year of age was 70.8%[95% confidence intervals (CI) 60.9, 80.7] and to 20 years of age was 67.3%[95% CI 55.7, 78.8]. In multivariable analysis, factors associated with increased mortality were low birthweight (<2500 g) [relative risk (RR) 5.18; 95% CI 2.13, 12.63], presence of multiple defects (RR 2.82; 95% CI 1.19, 6.69) and black race (RR 2.36; 95% CI 0.95, 5.85). Overall survival for infants with multiple defects (41.2%) was significantly poorer than survival among those with isolated defects (74.3%). A 70% decrease in risk of mortality was observed among infants born with encephalocele during 1989-98 compared with those born during 1979-88, but this decrease was evident only among cases with low birthweight (RR 0.29; 95% CI 0.01, 0.90). This study highlights the prognostic importance of multiple defects and low birthweight for infants with encephalocele and identifies a statistically significant difference in survival by race. This information is useful for clinicians and families who must plan for the long-term care of affected children. JF - Paediatric and perinatal epidemiology AU - Siffel, Csaba AU - Wong, Lee-Yang C AU - Olney, Richard S AU - Correa, Adolfo AD - National Center on Birth Defects and Developmental Disabilities, CDC and Prevention, Division of Health Studies, Agency for Toxic Substances and Disease Registry, Atlanta, GA, USA. ACorrea@cdc.gov Y1 - 2003/01// PY - 2003 DA - January 2003 SP - 40 EP - 48 VL - 17 IS - 1 SN - 0269-5022, 0269-5022 KW - Index Medicus KW - Probability KW - Survival Rate KW - Infant, Low Birth Weight KW - Georgia -- epidemiology KW - Humans KW - African Americans -- statistics & numerical data KW - Infant, Newborn KW - Female KW - Abnormalities, Multiple -- mortality KW - Pregnancy KW - Multivariate Analysis KW - Encephalocele -- mortality KW - Encephalocele -- complications KW - Encephalocele -- ethnology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/72997257?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Paediatric+and+perinatal+epidemiology&rft.atitle=Survival+of+infants+diagnosed+with+encephalocele+in+Atlanta%2C+1979-98.&rft.au=Siffel%2C+Csaba%3BWong%2C+Lee-Yang+C%3BOlney%2C+Richard+S%3BCorrea%2C+Adolfo&rft.aulast=Siffel&rft.aufirst=Csaba&rft.date=2003-01-01&rft.volume=17&rft.issue=1&rft.spage=40&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Paediatric+and+perinatal+epidemiology&rft.issn=02695022&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 2003-06-03 N1 - Date created - 2003-02-03 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Feasibility of screening and intervention for alcohol problems among young adults in the ED. AN - 72994589; 12563573 AB - This study evaluates the feasibility of screening and brief intervention (SBI) for alcohol problems among young adults (18-39 years) in a rural, university ED. Research staff screened a convenience sample of patients waiting for medical treatment with the Alcohol Use Disorders Identification Test (AUDIT), used motivational interviewing techniques to counsel screen-positive patients (AUDIT >/= 6) during the ED visit, and referred patients to off-site alcohol treatment as appropriate. Patients were interviewed again at 3 months. Eighty-seven percent of age-eligible drinkers (2,067 of 2,371) consented to participate. Forty-three percent (894 of 2,067) screened positive, of which 94% were counseled. Forty percent of those counseled set a goal to decrease or stop drinking and 4% were referred for further treatment. Median times for obtaining consent, screening, and intervention were 4, 4, and 14 minutes, respectively. Project staff reported that 3% of patients screened or counseled were uncooperative. Seventy percent of 519 patients who participated in follow-up interviews agreed the ED is a good place to help patients with alcohol problems. High rates of informed consent and acceptance of counseling confirmed this protocol's acceptability to patients and indicated patients were comfortable divulging alcohol-related risk behavior. The modest times required for the process enhanced acceptability to patients as well as ED staff. The high prevalence of alcohol problems and the broad acceptance of SBI in this sample provide evidence of the ED's promise as a venue for this clinical preventive service. Copyright 2003, Elsevier Science (USA). All rights reserved.) JF - The American journal of emergency medicine AU - Hungerford, Daniel W AU - Williams, Janet M AU - Furbee, Paul M AU - Manley, William G AU - Helmkamp, James C AU - Horn, Kimberly AU - Pollock, Daniel A AD - National Center for Injury Prevention and Control, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA 30341, USA. dyh5@cdc.gov Y1 - 2003/01// PY - 2003 DA - January 2003 SP - 14 EP - 22 VL - 21 IS - 1 SN - 0735-6757, 0735-6757 KW - Index Medicus KW - Feasibility Studies KW - Age Factors KW - Hospitals, University KW - Humans KW - Hospitals, Rural KW - Adult KW - Program Evaluation KW - Follow-Up Studies KW - Adolescent KW - Time Factors KW - Male KW - Female KW - Alcohol-Related Disorders -- diagnosis KW - Crisis Intervention -- methods KW - Emergency Service, Hospital KW - Alcohol-Related Disorders -- therapy KW - Mass Screening -- methods UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/72994589?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+American+journal+of+emergency+medicine&rft.atitle=Feasibility+of+screening+and+intervention+for+alcohol+problems+among+young+adults+in+the+ED.&rft.au=Hungerford%2C+Daniel+W%3BWilliams%2C+Janet+M%3BFurbee%2C+Paul+M%3BManley%2C+William+G%3BHelmkamp%2C+James+C%3BHorn%2C+Kimberly%3BPollock%2C+Daniel+A&rft.aulast=Hungerford&rft.aufirst=Daniel&rft.date=2003-01-01&rft.volume=21&rft.issue=1&rft.spage=14&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=The+American+journal+of+emergency+medicine&rft.issn=07356757&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 2003-02-25 N1 - Date created - 2003-02-03 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Physician advice about smoking and drinking: are U.S. adults being informed? AN - 72985609; 12554026 AB - Population-based estimates for the prevalence of smokers receiving advice from a health professional to quit smoking and the prevalence of binge drinkers being talked to about alcohol use are lacking for U.S. adults. This information is useful for clinicians and public health professionals. Data are from the Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System, a continuous random-digit-dial telephone survey of U.S. adults. In 1997, 10 states collected data on these health interventions for tobacco and alcohol use. The prevalence of professional advice to quit smoking and about alcohol use was calculated and examined by demographic characteristics. The number of at-risk adults who had a routine checkup in the last year and had not received these interventions was also estimated. By self-report, 70% of smokers were advised to quit, and 23% of binge drinkers were talked to about their alcohol use. Using multivariate logistic regression analyses, we found among smokers that women and older persons were more likely to receive advice; among binge drinkers, health intervention was more likely to occur for men and non-Hispanic blacks. Across the 10 states, approximately 2 million smokers and 2 million binge drinkers with a routine checkup in the past 12 months were not advised to quit smoking or talked to about their alcohol use. Many opportunities to intervene with smokers and binge drinkers are lost. Efforts to increase physician education and to identify and reduce other barriers may help. JF - American journal of preventive medicine AU - Denny, Clark H AU - Serdula, Mary K AU - Holtzman, Deborah AU - Nelson, David E AD - Division of Adult and Community Health, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia 30341, USA. cfd3@cdc.gov Y1 - 2003/01// PY - 2003 DA - January 2003 SP - 71 EP - 74 VL - 24 IS - 1 SN - 0749-3797, 0749-3797 KW - Index Medicus KW - Humans KW - Adult KW - Smoking -- adverse effects KW - Middle Aged KW - United States -- epidemiology KW - Smoking -- economics KW - Smoking -- epidemiology KW - Male KW - Female KW - Alcoholism -- therapy KW - Smoking Cessation KW - Health Behavior KW - Physician's Role UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/72985609?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=American+journal+of+preventive+medicine&rft.atitle=Physician+advice+about+smoking+and+drinking%3A+are+U.S.+adults+being+informed%3F&rft.au=Denny%2C+Clark+H%3BSerdula%2C+Mary+K%3BHoltzman%2C+Deborah%3BNelson%2C+David+E&rft.aulast=Denny&rft.aufirst=Clark&rft.date=2003-01-01&rft.volume=24&rft.issue=1&rft.spage=71&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=American+journal+of+preventive+medicine&rft.issn=07493797&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 2003-04-08 N1 - Date created - 2003-01-29 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Comprehensive solid-phase extraction method for persistent organic pollutants. Validation and application to the analysis of persistent chlorinated pesticides. AN - 72970893; 12530820 AB - The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) is involved in many epidemiological studies regarding the measurement of chlorinated pesticides and polychlorinated biphenyls in specimens obtained from humans. In addition to these commonly determined analytes, there is a need to include additional persistent organic pollutants (POPs) in our analyses, which further stresses the analyses because sample volumes remain small. Thus, a single method of analysis for all POPs in human serum is needed. CDC has recently developed a semiautomated and comprehensive solid-phase extraction method for POPs. The method is comprehensive since it was optimized for the extraction of many different POP compound classes. We then developed a purification and fractionation scheme that allows (a) separation of different compound classes by particular functionalities and (b) purification of those fractions to remove coextracted interferences. This paper describes the first step in the semiautomated comprehensive extraction and multiple fractionation method developed by CDC for monitoring POPs. In this paper, we validate the analysis of the persistent chlorinated pesticides, a compound class difficult to examine because of their structural diversity, in human plasma. The method was validated against an existing CDC method by using a spiked quality-control serum pool. The concentrations determined for all analytes using both methods were within 2%-14% relative standard deviations. A multilevel (i.e., 3-4 point) matrix spike showed good linearity for the analytes tested (r2 = 0.978-0.999). The method was then applied to 40-year-old archived plasma samples for the quantitative analysis of selected chlorinated pesticides. Mean recoveries of the 13C-labeled internal quantification standards ranged from 64% to 123% for the 11 monitored pesticides. The overall method proved to be robust by handling old coagulated plasma samples. It allowed faster throughput of samples than our previous methods and provided cleaner samples with less frequent interferences or background as analyzed by high-resolution mass spectrometry. The method represents a preliminary step in establishing an automated, comprehensive multiresidue analysis method for POPs in human serum. JF - Analytical chemistry AU - Sandau, Courtney D AU - Sjödin, Andreas AU - Davis, Mark D AU - Barr, John R AU - Maggio, Vincent L AU - Waterman, Alyson L AU - Preston, Kerry E AU - Preau, James L AU - Barr, Dana B AU - Needham, Larry L AU - Patterson, Donald G AD - National Center for Environmental Health, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, 4770 Buford Highway NE, Mailstop F17, Atlanta, Georgia, 30341-3724, USA. csandau@cdc.gov Y1 - 2003/01/01/ PY - 2003 DA - 2003 Jan 01 SP - 71 EP - 77 VL - 75 IS - 1 SN - 0003-2700, 0003-2700 KW - Environmental Pollutants KW - 0 KW - Pesticides KW - Index Medicus KW - United States KW - Sensitivity and Specificity KW - Reproducibility of Results KW - Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (U.S.) KW - Humans KW - Automation KW - Pesticides -- chemistry KW - Pesticides -- analysis KW - Blood Chemical Analysis -- methods KW - Environmental Pollutants -- analysis KW - Environmental Pollutants -- blood KW - Pesticides -- blood UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/72970893?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Analytical+chemistry&rft.atitle=Comprehensive+solid-phase+extraction+method+for+persistent+organic+pollutants.+Validation+and+application+to+the+analysis+of+persistent+chlorinated+pesticides.&rft.au=Sandau%2C+Courtney+D%3BSj%C3%B6din%2C+Andreas%3BDavis%2C+Mark+D%3BBarr%2C+John+R%3BMaggio%2C+Vincent+L%3BWaterman%2C+Alyson+L%3BPreston%2C+Kerry+E%3BPreau%2C+James+L%3BBarr%2C+Dana+B%3BNeedham%2C+Larry+L%3BPatterson%2C+Donald+G&rft.aulast=Sandau&rft.aufirst=Courtney&rft.date=2003-01-01&rft.volume=75&rft.issue=1&rft.spage=71&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Analytical+chemistry&rft.issn=00032700&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 2003-04-29 N1 - Date created - 2003-01-17 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Binge drinking among US adults. AN - 72948772; 12503979 AB - Binge drinking (consuming > or =5 alcoholic drinks on 1 occasion) generally results in acute impairment and has numerous adverse health consequences. Reports indicate that binge drinking may be increasing in the United States. To quantify episodes of binge drinking among US adults in 1993-2001, to characterize adults who engage in binge drinking, and to describe state and regional differences in binge drinking. The Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System, a random-digit telephone survey of adults aged 18 years or older that is conducted annually in all states. The sample size ranged from 102 263 in 1993 to 212 510 in 2001. Binge-drinking prevalence, episodes, and episodes per person per year. Between 1993 and 2001, the total number of binge-drinking episodes among US adults increased from approximately 1.2 billion to 1.5 billion; during this time, binge-drinking episodes per person per year increased by 17% (from 6.3 to 7.4, P for trend =.03). Between 1995 and 2001, binge-drinking episodes per person per year increased by 35% (P for trend =.005). Men accounted for 81% of binge-drinking episodes in the study years. Although rates of binge-drinking episodes were highest among those aged 18 to 25 years, 69% of binge-drinking episodes during the study period occurred among those aged 26 years or older. Overall, 47% of binge-drinking episodes occurred among otherwise moderate (ie, non-heavy) drinkers, and 73% of all binge drinkers were moderate drinkers. Binge drinkers were 14 times more likely to drive while impaired by alcohol compared with non-binge drinkers. There were substantial state and regional differences in per capita binge-drinking episodes. Binge drinking is common among most strata of US adults, including among those aged 26 years or older. Per capita binge-drinking episodes have increased, particularly since 1995. Binge drinking is strongly associated with alcohol-impaired driving. Effective interventions to prevent the mortality and morbidity associated with binge drinking should be widely adopted, including screening patients for alcohol abuse in accordance with national guidelines. JF - JAMA AU - Naimi, Timothy S AU - Brewer, Robert D AU - Mokdad, Ali AU - Denny, Clark AU - Serdula, Mary K AU - Marks, James S AD - Alcohol Team, Emerging Investigations, and Analytic Methods Branch , Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA 30341, USA. tbn7@cdc.gov Y1 - 2003/01/01/ PY - 2003 DA - 2003 Jan 01 SP - 70 EP - 75 VL - 289 IS - 1 SN - 0098-7484, 0098-7484 KW - Ethanol KW - 3K9958V90M KW - Abridged Index Medicus KW - Index Medicus KW - Socioeconomic Factors KW - Humans KW - Adult KW - Middle Aged KW - United States -- epidemiology KW - Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System KW - Male KW - Female KW - Prevalence KW - Alcoholic Intoxication -- epidemiology KW - Ethanol -- poisoning UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/72948772?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=JAMA&rft.atitle=Binge+drinking+among+US+adults.&rft.au=Naimi%2C+Timothy+S%3BBrewer%2C+Robert+D%3BMokdad%2C+Ali%3BDenny%2C+Clark%3BSerdula%2C+Mary+K%3BMarks%2C+James+S&rft.aulast=Naimi&rft.aufirst=Timothy&rft.date=2003-01-01&rft.volume=289&rft.issue=1&rft.spage=70&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=JAMA&rft.issn=00987484&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 2003-01-09 N1 - Date created - 2002-12-30 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - SuppNotes - Comment In: JAMA. 2003 Apr 2;289(13):1635; author reply 1636 [12672728] N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Emergency department services for patients with alcohol problems: research directions. AN - 72938002; 12511321 AB - This report summarizes recommendations on research directions developed from the conference "Alcohol Problems among Emergency Department Patients: Research on Identification and Intervention." The conference was developed in order to evaluate the existing state of the art research on emergency department interventions for alcohol problems, and offer further recommendations for research. JF - Academic emergency medicine : official journal of the Society for Academic Emergency Medicine AU - Hungerford, Daniel W AU - Pollock, Daniel A AD - National Center for Injury Prevention and Control, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA 30341, USA. dhungerford@cdc.gov Y1 - 2003/01// PY - 2003 DA - January 2003 SP - 79 EP - 84 VL - 10 IS - 1 SN - 1069-6563, 1069-6563 KW - Index Medicus KW - United States KW - Humans KW - Referral and Consultation KW - Congresses as Topic KW - Alcoholism -- therapy KW - Emergency Medicine -- organization & administration KW - Emergency Service, Hospital KW - Research KW - Preventive Health Services -- organization & administration UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/72938002?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Academic+emergency+medicine+%3A+official+journal+of+the+Society+for+Academic+Emergency+Medicine&rft.atitle=Emergency+department+services+for+patients+with+alcohol+problems%3A+research+directions.&rft.au=Hungerford%2C+Daniel+W%3BPollock%2C+Daniel+A&rft.aulast=Hungerford&rft.aufirst=Daniel&rft.date=2003-01-01&rft.volume=10&rft.issue=1&rft.spage=79&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Academic+emergency+medicine+%3A+official+journal+of+the+Society+for+Academic+Emergency+Medicine&rft.issn=10696563&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 2003-04-02 N1 - Date created - 2003-01-03 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Effects of injectable or implantable progestin-only contraceptives on insulin-glucose metabolism and diabetes risk. AN - 72885903; 12502684 AB - Progestin-only contraceptives administered by injection (Depo-Provera) or subcutaneous implant (Norplant) have been available to U.S. women for about a decade. Two epidemiological studies found their use associated with increased incidence of type 2 diabetes. In reviewing publications relating progestin injections and implants to glucose metabolism, 25 studies of various study designs and laboratory methods were identified that reported at least one insulin value in nondiabetic women. Research subjects were usually nonobese and often from developing countries. Of eight studies that performed sequential oral glucose tolerance tests (OGTTs) after at least 6 months of Depo-Provera or Norplant use, seven found significant elevations (approximate doubling) of insulin at 2 or 3 h after glucose challenge; the effects on fasting, half-hour, or 1-h postchallenge insulin values were less consistent. The three studies that performed sequential intravenous glucose tolerance tests (IVGTTs) on injection users all found an increased early-phase insulin response. One study used sequential hyperglycemic-hyperinsulinemic clamps to demonstrate reduced total-body glucose uptake per unit of insulin after 8 weeks of Norplant use. The metabolic studies generally did not show a reduction in the glucose tolerance of their nondiabetic subjects. However, compared with the lean and low-risk women who were usually selected for metabolic research, many U.S. women receiving these injections or implants may start out with increased insulin resistance due to greater weight, sedentary lifestyle, and family or childbearing histories. Additional research could help clarify whether exposure to injectable or implantable contraceptives leads to increased risk of type 2 diabetes and gestational diabetes in women with predisposing factors. JF - Diabetes care AU - Kahn, Henry S AU - Curtis, Kathryn M AU - Marchbanks, Polly A AD - Division of Diabetes Translation, National Center for Chronic Disease Prevention and Health Promotion, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia 30341, USA. hkahn@cdc.gov Y1 - 2003/01// PY - 2003 DA - January 2003 SP - 216 EP - 225 VL - 26 IS - 1 SN - 0149-5992, 0149-5992 KW - Contraceptive Agents, Female KW - 0 KW - Insulin KW - Levonorgestrel KW - 5W7SIA7YZW KW - Medroxyprogesterone Acetate KW - C2QI4IOI2G KW - Glucose KW - IY9XDZ35W2 KW - Index Medicus KW - Risk Factors KW - Humans KW - Incidence KW - Female KW - Glucose -- metabolism KW - Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 -- epidemiology KW - Contraceptive Agents, Female -- adverse effects KW - Insulin -- metabolism KW - Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 -- metabolism KW - Contraceptive Agents, Female -- administration & dosage KW - Medroxyprogesterone Acetate -- administration & dosage KW - Levonorgestrel -- adverse effects KW - Medroxyprogesterone Acetate -- adverse effects KW - Levonorgestrel -- administration & dosage UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/72885903?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Diabetes+care&rft.atitle=Effects+of+injectable+or+implantable+progestin-only+contraceptives+on+insulin-glucose+metabolism+and+diabetes+risk.&rft.au=Kahn%2C+Henry+S%3BCurtis%2C+Kathryn+M%3BMarchbanks%2C+Polly+A&rft.aulast=Kahn&rft.aufirst=Henry&rft.date=2003-01-01&rft.volume=26&rft.issue=1&rft.spage=216&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Diabetes+care&rft.issn=01495992&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 2003-06-16 N1 - Date created - 2002-12-27 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Human exposure to polychlorinated biphenyls in a residential community. AN - 72878859; 12434227 AB - Blood serum concentrations of polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) were measured in members of a residential community who lived near a chemical plant that formerly manufactured PCBs. Elevated blood serum PCB concentrations were detected in some of the older adults who were long-term residents of the community. Congener-specific analyses indicated that PCB congeners 153, 138/158, 180, 118, and 187 contributed 60-67% of the total PCBs detected in blood from adults and children. Blood PCB concentrations correlated strongly with age and length of residency in the neighborhood. However, blood PCB concentrations did not correlate with PCB concentrations in soil or house dust samples from the homes. Past exposures to PCBs may be a significant contributor to the elevated PCB concentrations detected in some adult members of the community. JF - Archives of environmental contamination and toxicology AU - Orloff, K G AU - Dearwent, S AU - Metcalf, S AU - Kathman, S AU - Turner, W AD - Agency for Toxic Substances and Disease Registry, 1600 Clifton Road, MS-E32, Atlanta, Georgia 30333, USA. keo1@cdc.gov Y1 - 2003/01// PY - 2003 DA - January 2003 SP - 125 EP - 131 VL - 44 IS - 1 SN - 0090-4341, 0090-4341 KW - Environmental Pollutants KW - 0 KW - Polychlorinated Biphenyls KW - DFC2HB4I0K KW - Index Medicus KW - Age Factors KW - Humans KW - Adult KW - Child KW - Adolescent KW - Male KW - Female KW - Chemical Industry KW - Child, Preschool KW - Polychlorinated Biphenyls -- blood KW - Environmental Exposure KW - Polychlorinated Biphenyls -- analysis KW - Environmental Pollutants -- analysis KW - Environmental Pollutants -- blood UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/72878859?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Archives+of+environmental+contamination+and+toxicology&rft.atitle=Human+exposure+to+polychlorinated+biphenyls+in+a+residential+community.&rft.au=Orloff%2C+K+G%3BDearwent%2C+S%3BMetcalf%2C+S%3BKathman%2C+S%3BTurner%2C+W&rft.aulast=Orloff&rft.aufirst=K&rft.date=2003-01-01&rft.volume=44&rft.issue=1&rft.spage=125&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Archives+of+environmental+contamination+and+toxicology&rft.issn=00904341&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 2003-05-13 N1 - Date created - 2002-11-15 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Toxoplasmosis-related knowledge and practices among pregnant women in the United States. AN - 71551437; 15022874 AB - Infection with Toxoplasma gondii during pregnancy can lead to severe illness in the fetus. Many T. gondii infections are preventable by simple hygienic measures. We surveyed pregnant women in the US to determine their knowledge about toxoplasmosis and their practices to prevent infection. Volunteer obstetricians selected to be demographically representative of the American College of Obstetricians and Gynecologists recruited the participants. Of 403 women responding to the survey, 48% indicated that they had heard or seen information about toxoplasmosis; however, only 7% were aware of being tested for the disease. Forty percent of responding women knew that toxoplasmosis is caused by an infection, but 21% thought that a poison causes it. The highest level of knowledge was about cats and T. gondii; 61% responded that the organism is shed in the feces of infected cats and 60% responded that people could acquire toxoplasmosis by changing cat litter. There was a low level of knowledge about other risk factors; only 30% of the women were aware that T. gondii may be found in raw or undercooked meat. Nevertheless, a high percentage of women indicated that they do not eat undercooked meat during pregnancy and that they practice good hygienic measures such as washing their hands after handling raw meat, gardening or changing cat litter. Except for the risk of transmission from cats, knowledge among pregnant women about toxoplasmosis is low. However, toxoplasmosis-preventive practices are generally good, suggesting that providers should continue to offer education about practices that help prevent foodborne diseases in general as well as information about preventing toxoplasmosis specifically. JF - Infectious diseases in obstetrics and gynecology AU - Jones, Jeffrey L AU - Ogunmodede, Folashade AU - Scheftel, Joni AU - Kirkland, Elizabeth AU - Lopez, Adriana AU - Schulkin, Jay AU - Lynfield, Ruth AD - Division of Parasitic Diseases, Centers for Infectious Diseases, Centers for Disease Control Prevention, Atlanta, GA 30341-3724, USA. jlj1@cdc.gov Y1 - 2003 PY - 2003 DA - 2003 SP - 139 EP - 145 VL - 11 IS - 3 SN - 1064-7449, 1064-7449 KW - Index Medicus KW - Animals KW - Probability KW - Prenatal Care -- methods KW - Humans KW - Chi-Square Distribution KW - Child KW - Pregnancy, High-Risk KW - Risk Assessment KW - Adult KW - Data Collection KW - Adolescent KW - Infectious Disease Transmission, Vertical -- prevention & control KW - Educational Status KW - Toxoplasmosis -- epidemiology KW - Pregnancy KW - Socioeconomic Factors KW - Maternal Age KW - Cats KW - Surveys and Questionnaires KW - Confidence Intervals KW - Incidence KW - Toxoplasmosis -- prevention & control KW - Follow-Up Studies KW - Middle Aged KW - United States -- epidemiology KW - Female KW - Pregnancy Complications, Parasitic -- epidemiology KW - Toxoplasmosis, Congenital -- prevention & control KW - Patient Education as Topic -- methods KW - Pregnancy Complications, Parasitic -- prevention & control KW - Health Knowledge, Attitudes, Practice KW - Pregnancy Outcome UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/71551437?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Infectious+diseases+in+obstetrics+and+gynecology&rft.atitle=Toxoplasmosis-related+knowledge+and+practices+among+pregnant+women+in+the+United+States.&rft.au=Jones%2C+Jeffrey+L%3BOgunmodede%2C+Folashade%3BScheftel%2C+Joni%3BKirkland%2C+Elizabeth%3BLopez%2C+Adriana%3BSchulkin%2C+Jay%3BLynfield%2C+Ruth&rft.aulast=Jones&rft.aufirst=Jeffrey&rft.date=2003-01-01&rft.volume=11&rft.issue=3&rft.spage=139&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Infectious+diseases+in+obstetrics+and+gynecology&rft.issn=10647449&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 2004-04-15 N1 - Date created - 2004-03-16 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - SuppNotes - Cited By: Infect Dis Obstet Gynecol. 2001;9(1):23-31 [11368255] Am J Epidemiol. 2001 Aug 15;154(4):357-65 [11495859] Health Educ Res. 2001 Aug;16(4):493-502 [11525395] Pediatr Infect Dis J. 2001 Dec;20(12):1132-5 [11740319] Epidemiol Infect. 1989 Dec;103(3):539-45 [2606162] Am J Perinatol. 1994 Jan;11(1):57-62 [8155214] Am J Trop Med Hyg. 1999 May;60(5):790-2 [10344654] Emerg Infect Dis. 1999 Sep-Oct;5(5):607-25 [10511517] N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Monitoring the changing organization of work: international practices and new developments in the United States. AN - 71525052; 14758746 AB - Recent trends in the organization of work have raised concerns about their implications for safety and health in the workplace. Capacity for monitoring of these trends from an occupational safety and health perspective (also known as hazard surveillance) varies considerably across countries and regions. This forum article discusses current practices for monitoring the organization of work, noting strengths, limitations, and needs for improvement. Particular attention is given to the status of monitoring practices in the U.S., and new initiatives by the National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH) to improve upon these practices. JF - Sozial- und Praventivmedizin AU - Sauter, Steven L AU - Murphy, Lawrence R AD - National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, Organizational Science and Human Factors Branch, Cincinnati, USA. ssauter@cdc.gov Y1 - 2003 PY - 2003 DA - 2003 SP - 341 EP - 8; discussion 349-60 VL - 48 IS - 6 SN - 0303-8408, 0303-8408 KW - Index Medicus KW - United States KW - Humans KW - Europe KW - National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (U.S.) KW - Safety Management -- organization & administration KW - Risk Assessment KW - Accidents, Occupational -- prevention & control KW - Occupational Diseases -- prevention & control KW - Cross-Cultural Comparison KW - Industry -- organization & administration KW - Workplace -- organization & administration UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/71525052?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Sozial-+und+Praventivmedizin&rft.atitle=Monitoring+the+changing+organization+of+work%3A+international+practices+and+new+developments+in+the+United+States.&rft.au=Sauter%2C+Steven+L%3BMurphy%2C+Lawrence+R&rft.aulast=Sauter&rft.aufirst=Steven&rft.date=2003-01-01&rft.volume=48&rft.issue=6&rft.spage=341&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Sozial-+und+Praventivmedizin&rft.issn=03038408&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 2004-05-04 N1 - Date created - 2004-02-04 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Pre-West Nile virus outbreak: perceptions and practices to prevent mosquito bites and viral encephalitis in the United States. AN - 71515685; 14733669 AB - Mosquitoes can transmit over 100 of the viruses that can cause encephalitis, meningitis, and hemorrhagic disease in humans (Chin 2000; Gubler 1996; Monath 1989). While much is known about the ecology, epidemiology, and clinical manifestations of the arboviral encephalitides (Campbell et al. 2002; Centers for Disease Control and Prevention 1997; Gubler 1998; Hayes 1989; Hubálek and Halouzka 1999), little empirical research exists regarding the U.S. population's knowledge of mosquitoes and arboviral encephalitis, particularly prior to the U.S. outbreak of West Nile virus (WNV) in 1999. A nationally representative 55-item survey instrument was successfully administered to 1,500 adults in the United States and an additional 250 adults in six states in the Northeast (Connecticut, Delaware, New Jersey, New York, Pennsylvania, and Rhode Island) regarding mosquitoes and mosquito-borne viral encephalitis. A summary outcome measure for mosquito bite prevention was created. Analyses revealed that the following were statistically significant predictors of behaviors taken to prevent mosquito bites: being concerned about being bitten by mosquitoes, perceived effectiveness of staying indoors in late afternoon and early evening was protective, perceived effectiveness that mosquito repellent is not harmful to health, owning dogs and/or cats as pets, being married, and being > or = 18-44 years old. Being concerned about being bitten by mosquitoes was the most robust predictor of behavioral action to prevent mosquito bites (OR = 7.3; 95% CI = 4.3, 12.2). Observed misperceptions and inadequate knowledge regarding insect repellents suggest increased promotion of the safety and efficacy of DEET-containing insect repellents is warranted. JF - Vector borne and zoonotic diseases (Larchmont, N.Y.) AU - Herrington, James E AD - Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Office of Global Health, Atlanta, Georgia 30333, USA. jherrington@cdc.gov Y1 - 2003 PY - 2003 DA - 2003 SP - 157 EP - 173 VL - 3 IS - 4 SN - 1530-3667, 1530-3667 KW - Insect Repellents KW - 0 KW - DEET KW - 134-62-3 KW - Index Medicus KW - Animals KW - Humans KW - Insect Repellents -- pharmacology KW - DEET -- pharmacology KW - Cross-Sectional Studies KW - Risk Factors KW - Adult KW - Insect Vectors KW - Surveys and Questionnaires KW - Health Knowledge, Attitudes, Practice KW - Mosquito Control KW - United States -- epidemiology KW - Female KW - Male KW - Encephalitis, Arbovirus -- prevention & control KW - Encephalitis, Arbovirus -- transmission KW - Disease Outbreaks -- prevention & control KW - Encephalitis Viruses -- pathogenicity KW - Insect Bites and Stings -- prevention & control KW - Health Behavior KW - Encephalitis, Arbovirus -- epidemiology KW - Culicidae UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/71515685?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Vector+borne+and+zoonotic+diseases+%28Larchmont%2C+N.Y.%29&rft.atitle=Pre-West+Nile+virus+outbreak%3A+perceptions+and+practices+to+prevent+mosquito+bites+and+viral+encephalitis+in+the+United+States.&rft.au=Herrington%2C+James+E&rft.aulast=Herrington&rft.aufirst=James&rft.date=2003-01-01&rft.volume=3&rft.issue=4&rft.spage=157&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Vector+borne+and+zoonotic+diseases+%28Larchmont%2C+N.Y.%29&rft.issn=15303667&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 2004-05-17 N1 - Date created - 2004-01-21 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - CPAPER T1 - Anomie as It Relates to Marriage: An Exploration of Anomie and Co-Habitation States T2 - Southern Sociological Society AN - 61758705; 2003S41226 AB - Marriage has long been viewed as a normative social institution. Within the last 30 years, an increasing percentage of the population has rejected this institution. The purpose of this paper is to describe Emile Durkheim's theory of anomie as it applies to marriage in Atlanta, GA. The methods that were used to capture the data include nonrandom survey methodology among 118 people, aged 18-64, in Atlanta, GA, from various class & socioeconomic backgrounds, including university students, near-homeless people, members of a conservative military organization, & federal government workers. When applied to this population, anomie proved nonsignificant with regard to marriage, income, & physical health; however, it tested significant for race & mental health. Furthermore, the association was positive for African Americans & negatively associated with better health. In sum, these data found that normlessness was not associated with marriage; however, it was associated with race & mental health. These factors should be taken into consideration when planning pro-marriage interventions. JF - Southern Sociological Society AU - Stephens, Dorothy E Y1 - 2003///0, PY - 2003 DA - 0, 2003 KW - Marriage KW - Anomie KW - Atlanta, Georgia KW - Marriage Patterns KW - proceeding KW - 1941: the family and socialization; sociology of the family, marriage, & divorce UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/61758705?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Asocabs&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=conference&rft.jtitle=Southern+Sociological+Society&rft.atitle=Anomie+as+It+Relates+to+Marriage%3A+An+Exploration+of+Anomie+and+Co-Habitation+States&rft.au=Stephens%2C+Dorothy+E&rft.aulast=Stephens&rft.aufirst=Dorothy&rft.date=2003-01-01&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Southern+Sociological+Society&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - Sociological Abstracts N1 - Date revised - 2009-03-10 N1 - Publication note - 2003 N1 - Last updated - 2016-09-28 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Factors Associated with Perceptions of, and Decisional Balance for, Condom Use with Main Partner among Women at Risk for HIV Infection AN - 61500593; 200400495 AB - We examined factors associated with women's perceived advantages (pros), perceived disadvantages (cons), & decisional balance (standardized pros score minus standardized cons score) for condom use with main partner. Data from 1,938 young sexually active women who lived in five US cities where the risk for human immunodeficiency virus is high were analyzed by using logistic, ordinal, & multiple linear regression analysis. For the pros scale of condom use, 27% of the women had low scores, & 33% had moderate scores. For the cons scale, 27% had moderate scores, & 5% had high scores. Of the total, 47% had a negative score on the decisional balance measure. Older age, living with a spouse or partner, or binge drinking was associated with lower pros scores & with a negative score on the decisional balance measure. Income from public assistance was associated with higher pros scores. Income from a spouse or partner or a history of sexually transmitted disease was associated with lower pros scores. Multiple sex partners or being at risk for HIV infection (based on perceptions of the main partner's behaviors) was associated with higher cons scores. Income from a job was associated with a positive score on the decisional balance measure. Our analysis identified the characteristics of women who have low pros scores, high cons scores, & negative decisional balance scores. The regression results can inform our work in HIV prevention on whether to focus on the pros, the cons, or both to obtain positive decisional balance scores & increase condom use in situations that warrant protective behaviors. 3 Tables, 44 References. Adapted from the source document. COPIES ARE AVAILABLE FROM: HAWORTH DOCUMENT DELIVERY CENTER, The Haworth Press, Inc., 10 Alice Street, Binghamton, NY 13904-1580 JF - Women & Health AU - Semaan, Salaam AU - Lauby, Jennifer AU - O'Connell, Ann Aileen AU - Cohen, Abigail AD - CDC, Atlanta, GA Y1 - 2003///0, PY - 2003 DA - 0, 2003 SP - 53 EP - 69 VL - 37 IS - 3 SN - 0363-0242, 0363-0242 KW - Condoms KW - Sexual Behavior KW - Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndrome KW - Females KW - article KW - 6126: acquired immune deficiency syndrome (AIDS) UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/61500593?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Asocialservices&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Women+%26+Health&rft.atitle=Factors+Associated+with+Perceptions+of%2C+and+Decisional+Balance+for%2C+Condom+Use+with+Main+Partner+among+Women+at+Risk+for+HIV+Infection&rft.au=Semaan%2C+Salaam%3BLauby%2C+Jennifer%3BO%27Connell%2C+Ann+Aileen%3BCohen%2C+Abigail&rft.aulast=Semaan&rft.aufirst=Salaam&rft.date=2003-01-01&rft.volume=37&rft.issue=3&rft.spage=53&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Women+%26+Health&rft.issn=03630242&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - Social Services Abstracts N1 - Date revised - 2007-05-01 N1 - Last updated - 2016-09-28 N1 - CODEN - WOHEDI N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Females; Sexual Behavior; Condoms; Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndrome ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Initiating informatics and GIS support for a field investigation of Bioterrorism: The New Jersey anthrax experience AN - 19671966; 7249771 AB - The investigation of potential exposure to anthrax spores in a Trenton, New Jersey, mail-processing facility required rapid assessment of informatics needs and adaptation of existing informatics tools to new physical and information- processing environments. Because the affected building and its computers were closed down, data to list potentially exposed persons and map building floor plans were unavailable from the primary source. Results Controlling the effects of anthrax contamination required identification and follow-up of potentially exposed persons. Risk of exposure had to be estimated from the geographic relationship between work history and environmental sample sites within the contaminated facility. To assist in establishing geographic relationships, floor plan maps of the postal facility were constructed in ArcView Geographic Information System (GIS) software and linked to a database of personnel and visitors using Epi Info and Epi Map 2000. A repository for maintaining the latest versions of various documents was set up using Web page hyperlinks. Conclusions During public health emergencies, such as bioterrorist attacks and disease epidemics, computerized information systems for data management, analysis, and communication may be needed within hours of beginning the investigation. Available sources of data and output requirements of the system may be changed frequently during the course of the investigation. Integrating data from a variety of sources may require entering or importing data from a variety of digital and paper formats. Spatial representation of data is particularly valuable for assessing environmental exposure. Written documents, guidelines, and memos important to the epidemic were frequently revised. In this investigation, a database was operational on the second day and the GIS component during the second week of the investigation. JF - International Journal of Health Geographics AU - Zubieta, Juan Carlos AU - Skinner, Ric AU - Dean, Andrew G AD - Former address:Division of Public Health Surveillance and Informatics (DPHSI), Epidemiology Program Office (EPO), Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), Atlanta, GA 30341, USA, jzubieta@earthlink.net Y1 - 2003 PY - 2003 DA - 2003 PB - BioMed Central Ltd., Middlesex House 34-42 Cleveland Street London W1T 4LB UK, [mailto:info@biomedcentral.com], [URL:http://www.biomedcentral.com] VL - 2 SN - 1476-072X, 1476-072X KW - Risk Abstracts KW - Article No. 8 KW - Environmental monitoring KW - Historical account KW - USA, New Jersey KW - bioterrorism KW - Remote sensing KW - Disasters KW - anthrax KW - adaptability KW - Public health KW - Computer programs KW - Communications KW - informatics KW - guidelines KW - Geographic information systems KW - Information systems KW - R2 23060:Medical and environmental health UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/19671966?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Ariskabstracts&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=International+Journal+of+Health+Geographics&rft.atitle=Initiating+informatics+and+GIS+support+for+a+field+investigation+of+Bioterrorism%3A+The+New+Jersey+anthrax+experience&rft.au=Zubieta%2C+Juan+Carlos%3BSkinner%2C+Ric%3BDean%2C+Andrew+G&rft.aulast=Zubieta&rft.aufirst=Juan&rft.date=2003-01-01&rft.volume=2&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=International+Journal+of+Health+Geographics&rft.issn=1476072X&rft_id=info:doi/10.1186%2F1476-072X-2-8 LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2009-03-01 N1 - Last updated - 2015-03-30 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Environmental monitoring; Historical account; bioterrorism; Disasters; Remote sensing; anthrax; Public health; adaptability; Computer programs; Communications; informatics; guidelines; Geographic information systems; Information systems; USA, New Jersey DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/1476-072X-2-8 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Challenges for Risk Assessors AN - 19609418; 7322562 AB - At the early part of the 21st century, occupational safety and health risk assessors face a variety of challenges. In addition to technical issues, the challenges for risk assessors include: assessment of risks of mixtures/and synergistic effects; incorporation of biological information into risk assessments; development of different ways of presenting risk information to better inform policy makers and the public; better expressions of uncertainty and assumptions; and harmonization of assessments across agencies and countries. All of these challenges will occur against a background of unfolding understanding of human and other genomes. Risk assessors will be motivated and pressured to use genomic and related technologies, but ethical, social, and technical issues need to be addressed before widespread use. JF - Human and Ecological Risk Assessment AU - Schulte, P AD - National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, Robert Taft Labs, MS C14, 4676 Columbia Parkway, Cincinnati, OH 45226, PSchulte@cdc.gov Y1 - 2003/01// PY - 2003 DA - Jan 2003 SP - 439 EP - 445 PB - CRC Press LLC, 2000 Corporate Blvd., NW Boca Raton FL 33431 USA, [mailto:journals@crcpress.com], [URL:http://www.crcpress.com] VL - 9 IS - 1 SN - 1080-7039, 1080-7039 KW - Risk Abstracts; Health & Safety Science Abstracts KW - risk assessment KW - models KW - uncertainty KW - mechanisms KW - genomics KW - Uncertainty KW - Ethics KW - Occupational safety KW - Occupational health KW - Technology KW - R2 23080:Industrial and labor KW - H 1000:Occupational Safety and Health UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/19609418?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Ariskabstracts&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Human+and+Ecological+Risk+Assessment&rft.atitle=Challenges+for+Risk+Assessors&rft.au=Schulte%2C+P&rft.aulast=Schulte&rft.aufirst=P&rft.date=2003-01-01&rft.volume=9&rft.issue=1&rft.spage=439&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Human+and+Ecological+Risk+Assessment&rft.issn=10807039&rft_id=info:doi/10.1080%2F1080703031877212 LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2007-04-01 N1 - Last updated - 2015-04-01 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Uncertainty; Ethics; Occupational safety; Technology; Occupational health DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/1080703031877212 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - The relation of menarcheal age to obesity in childhood and adulthood: the Bogalusa heart study AN - 19406849; 6226559 AB - Background: Several studies have shown that girls who undergo menarche at a relatively young age tend to be more obese as adults. However, because childhood (pre-menarcheal) levels of weight and height are associated with an earlier menarche, the increased prevalence of adult obesity among early maturers may largely reflect the persistence of childhood obesity into adulthood. Methods: We examined these interrelationships among 1179 girls (65% white, 35% black) who were examined as children (mean age, 9 y), adolescents, and adults (mean age, 26 y) in the Bogalusa Heart Study. Results: Both white and black women who reported that they underwent menarche before age 12 y had, on average, higher adult levels of weight (+10 kg), body mass index (BMI, +4 kg/m super(2)) and skinfold thicknesses (+6 mm) than did women who underwent menarche after age 13.5 y. However, relatively fat children tended to undergo menarche earlier than did thinner children, with each standard deviation increase in pre-menarcheal BMI increasing the odds of early menarche (<12 y) by approximately 2-fold. Stratified and regression analyses indicated that (1) adult obesity was more strongly associated with childhood obesity than with menarcheal age, and (2) about 60% to 75% of the apparent effect of menarcheal age was due to the influence of childhood obesity on both menarcheal age and adult obesity. Conclusions: Although additional longitudinal studies are needed, it is likely that the importance of early menarche in adult obesity has been overestimated. Most of apparent influence of menarcheal age on adult obesity is attributable to the association of childhood obesity with both menarcheal age and adult obesity. JF - BMC Pediatrics AU - Freedman, David S AU - Khan, Laura Kettel AU - Serdula, Mary K AU - Dietz, William H AU - Srinivasan, Sathanur R AU - Berenson, Gerald S AD - Division of Nutrition and Physical Activity, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA USA, DFreedman@cdc.gov Y1 - 2003 PY - 2003 DA - 2003 PB - BioMed Central Ltd., Middlesex House 34-42 Cleveland Street London W1T 4LB UK, [mailto:info@biomedcentral.com], [URL:http://www.biomedcentral.com] VL - 3 KW - Physical Education Index KW - Longitudinal studies KW - Heart KW - Obesity KW - Age KW - Blacks KW - Pediatrics KW - Adolescence KW - Body mass KW - Women KW - Height KW - Adults KW - Children KW - Weight KW - Analysis KW - Girls KW - Youth KW - PE 030:Exercise, Health & Physical Fitness UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/19406849?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aphysicaleducation&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=BMC+Pediatrics&rft.atitle=The+relation+of+menarcheal+age+to+obesity+in+childhood+and+adulthood%3A+the+Bogalusa+heart+study&rft.au=Freedman%2C+David+S%3BKhan%2C+Laura+Kettel%3BSerdula%2C+Mary+K%3BDietz%2C+William+H%3BSrinivasan%2C+Sathanur+R%3BBerenson%2C+Gerald+S&rft.aulast=Freedman&rft.aufirst=David&rft.date=2003-01-01&rft.volume=3&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=BMC+Pediatrics&rft.issn=1471-2431&rft_id=info:doi/10.1186%2F1471-2431-3-3 L2 - http://www.biomedcentral.com/14712431/3/3 LA - English DB - Physical Education Index N1 - Date revised - 2007-06-01 N1 - Last updated - 2015-04-01 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Heart; Longitudinal studies; Obesity; Age; Pediatrics; Blacks; Body mass; Adolescence; Women; Height; Adults; Children; Weight; Girls; Analysis; Youth DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/1471-2431-3-3 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Effects of environmental and job-task factors on workers' gait characteristics on slippery surfaces AN - 19269461; 5843723 AB - The objective of this study was to investigate the kinetic and kinematic aspects of slips associated with gait on a slippery surface under various environmental and job-task risk factors. Forty healthy industrial workers (age: 40.3 plus or minus 14.9 years) participated in the study. Using a strain gauge type force platform and a video-based motion analysis system, kinetic and kinematic measurements of the subjects' foot movements were obtained. Of all gait trials, there were 1558 slips (60.9%). Slips were likely to occur when subjects were negotiating a turning path and an oily surface. Greater anterior-posterior center of pressure (CP) excursion and maximum required coefficient of friction (RCOF) were found for oily surfaces compared to dry surfaces. Subjects changed their gait patterns by shortening their stride length, slowing walking speed, and decreasing heel contact angle in the poorly lit and slippery environment. Significant correlations were found between slip occurrence and anterior-posterior CP excursion, mean RCOF, sliding distance and sliding velocity, but not the coefficient of friction (COF) of shoes. In addition to good housekeeping and proper selection of floor materials and safety shoes, slip and fall prevention should include proper workers' training in dealing with risk factors of slips and falls in the workplace. JF - Occupational Ergonomics AU - Chiou, S S AU - Bhattacharya, A AU - Lai, C-F AU - Succop, P A AD - NIOSH, DSR, 1095 Willowdale Rd. M/S G-800, Morgantown, WV 26505, USA, schiou@cdc.gov Y1 - 2003 PY - 2003 DA - 2003 SP - 209 EP - 223 VL - 3 IS - 4 SN - 1359-9364, 1359-9364 KW - falls KW - floors KW - slips KW - Health & Safety Science Abstracts KW - Occupational safety KW - Ergonomics KW - H 10000:Ergonomics/Human Factors UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/19269461?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Ahealthsafetyabstracts&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Occupational+Ergonomics&rft.atitle=Effects+of+environmental+and+job-task+factors+on+workers%27+gait+characteristics+on+slippery+surfaces&rft.au=Chiou%2C+S+S%3BBhattacharya%2C+A%3BLai%2C+C-F%3BSuccop%2C+P+A&rft.aulast=Chiou&rft.aufirst=S&rft.date=2003-01-01&rft.volume=3&rft.issue=4&rft.spage=209&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Occupational+Ergonomics&rft.issn=13599364&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Ergonomics; Occupational safety ER - TY - JOUR T1 - In Vitro Activities of Daptomycin, Linezolid, and Quinupristin-Dalfopristin against a Challenge Panel of Staphylococci and Enterococci, Including Vancomycin-Intermediate Staphylococcus aureus and Vancomycin-Resistant Enterococcus faecium AN - 19269269; 5843609 AB - We assessed the in vitro activities of daptomycin, linezolid, and quinupristin-dalfopristin (QD) against a contemporary challenge panel of 88 staphylococcal and 90 enterococcal isolates. The staphylococci selected included vancomycin-intermediate Staphylococcus aureus (VISA), methicillin-resistant S. aureus, and coagulase-negative staphylococci. Enterococcal isolates included vancomycin-resistant Enterococcus faecium (VREF) containing either vanA, vanB1, or vanD. The MICs of daptomycin, linezolid, and QD were determined using commercial broth microdilution panels. All three VISA isolates were susceptible to daptomycin, linezolid, and QD. QD was the most active agent against staphylococcal isolates (MIC sub(50) less than or equal to 0.5 mu g/ml and MIC sub(90) = 1 mu g/ml), including those with decreased susceptibility to vancomycin. QD was also the most active agent against VREF (MIC sub(90) less than or equal to 0.5 mu g/ml). No differences were seen for susceptibility of vanA, vanB1, and vanD VREF strains for daptomycin, linezolid, or QD. Daptomycin was the most effective against E. faecalis. On the basis of manufacturer-suggested interpretive criteria, 92% of isolates were susceptible (MIC sub(90) = 4 mu g/ml). All isolates tested were susceptible to at least one antimicrobial agent for which interpretive criteria have been defined. Population analysis of three S. aureus isolates for which the daptomycin MICs were 8 mu g/ml showed a pattern of homogeneous resistance. JF - Microbial Drug Resistance AU - Jevitt, LA AU - Smith, A J AU - Williams, P P AU - Raney, P M AU - McGowan, JE Jr AU - Tenover, F C AD - Division of Healthcare Quality Promotion (G-08), Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, 1600 Clifton Road, N.E., Atlanta, GA 30333, USA, lgj9@cdc.gov Y1 - 2003 PY - 2003 DA - 2003 SP - 389 EP - 393 VL - 9 IS - 4 SN - 1076-6294, 1076-6294 KW - Microbiology Abstracts B: Bacteriology KW - Dalfopristin KW - Methicillin KW - Vancomycin KW - quinupristin KW - Staphylococcus aureus KW - Minimum inhibitory concentration KW - Linezolid KW - Antibiotic resistance KW - daptomycin KW - Enterococcus faecium KW - J 02783:Antibiotics: General UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/19269269?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologyb&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Microbial+Drug+Resistance&rft.atitle=In+Vitro+Activities+of+Daptomycin%2C+Linezolid%2C+and+Quinupristin-Dalfopristin+against+a+Challenge+Panel+of+Staphylococci+and+Enterococci%2C+Including+Vancomycin-Intermediate+Staphylococcus+aureus+and+Vancomycin-Resistant+Enterococcus+faecium&rft.au=Jevitt%2C+LA%3BSmith%2C+A+J%3BWilliams%2C+P+P%3BRaney%2C+P+M%3BMcGowan%2C+JE+Jr%3BTenover%2C+F+C&rft.aulast=Jevitt&rft.aufirst=LA&rft.date=2003-01-01&rft.volume=9&rft.issue=4&rft.spage=389&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Microbial+Drug+Resistance&rft.issn=10766294&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Enterococcus faecium; Staphylococcus aureus; daptomycin; Methicillin; Linezolid; Minimum inhibitory concentration; quinupristin; Dalfopristin; Vancomycin; Antibiotic resistance ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Public Health Consequences of Use of Antimicrobial Agents in Food Animals in the United States AN - 19269054; 5843607 AB - The use of antimicrobial agents in food animals has caused concern regarding the impact these uses have on human health. Use of antimicrobial agents in animals and humans results in the emergence and dissemination of resistant bacteria. Resistant bacteria from food animals may be passed through the food chain to humans resulting in resistant infections. Increasing resistance to antimicrobial agents that are important in the treatment of human diseases, such as fluoroquinolones and third-generation cephalosporins for the treatment of Salmonella and Campylobacter infections, has significant public health implications. Efforts to mitigate the effects of increasing resistance require collaboration by several partners, including the farming, veterinary, medical, and public health communities. JF - Microbial Drug Resistance AU - Anderson, AD AU - Nelson, J M AU - Rossiter, S AU - Angulo, F J AD - Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, 1600 Clifton Road, MS D-63, Atlanta, GA 30333, USA, fangulo@cdc.gov Y1 - 2003 PY - 2003 DA - 2003 SP - 373 EP - 379 VL - 9 IS - 4 SN - 1076-6294, 1076-6294 KW - cephalosporins KW - Microbiology Abstracts A: Industrial & Applied Microbiology; Microbiology Abstracts B: Bacteriology KW - Bacteria KW - Animals KW - Fluoroquinolones KW - Drug resistance KW - Food KW - Campylobacter KW - Antimicrobial agents KW - Public health KW - Salmonella KW - A 01064:Microbial resistance KW - J 02814:Drug resistance UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/19269054?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologyb&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Microbial+Drug+Resistance&rft.atitle=Public+Health+Consequences+of+Use+of+Antimicrobial+Agents+in+Food+Animals+in+the+United+States&rft.au=Anderson%2C+AD%3BNelson%2C+J+M%3BRossiter%2C+S%3BAngulo%2C+F+J&rft.aulast=Anderson&rft.aufirst=AD&rft.date=2003-01-01&rft.volume=9&rft.issue=4&rft.spage=373&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Microbial+Drug+Resistance&rft.issn=10766294&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Salmonella; Campylobacter; Public health; Antimicrobial agents; Animals; Food; Drug resistance; Fluoroquinolones; Bacteria ER - TY - JOUR T1 - The effect of drywall lifting method on workers' balance in a laboratory-based simulation AN - 19265477; 5843725 AB - Voluntary body movement can import a perturbation to the postural stability/balance of a human body. Heavy manual material handling such as drywall lifting may increase this perturbation. The objective of this laboratory-based study was to quantify workers' postural stability while lifting drywall sheets through kinetic and kinematic analyses, and to identify the drywall lifting methods that caused the least perturbation on workers' balance. Sixty male construction workers participated in this study. A simulated drywall-lifting workstation was built and all subjects performed one of the four randomly assigned lifting methods. Kinetic and kinematic measurements were synchronized and collected using a piezoelectric force platform and a five-camera motion analysis system. Both center-of-pressure (COP) and center-of-mass (COM) data were analyzed to assess workers' postural stability. Univariate analyses and principal component analyses (PCA) were used to analyze 13 COP-based and 21 COM-based variables. Results from the univariate analyses and PCA significantly indicated that the three horizontal lifting methods created less perturbation than the vertical lifting method. Based on the results of this study and prior studies, it is concluded that horizontal lifting with both hands on top of the drywall appears to be the best work practice to reduce manual drywall handling hazards associated with fall potential and overexertion injuries. JF - Occupational Ergonomics AU - Pan, C S AU - Chiou, S AU - Hendricks, S AD - Devision of Safety Research, National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, 1095 Willowdale Rd., MS-G800, Morgantown, WV, 26505, USA, cpan@cdc.gov Y1 - 2003 PY - 2003 DA - 2003 SP - 235 EP - 249 VL - 3 IS - 4 SN - 1359-9364, 1359-9364 KW - drywall lifting KW - falls KW - lifting KW - Health & Safety Science Abstracts KW - Injuries KW - Materials handling KW - Occupational safety KW - Ergonomics KW - Construction industry KW - H 10000:Ergonomics/Human Factors UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/19265477?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Ahealthsafetyabstracts&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Occupational+Ergonomics&rft.atitle=The+effect+of+drywall+lifting+method+on+workers%27+balance+in+a+laboratory-based+simulation&rft.au=Pan%2C+C+S%3BChiou%2C+S%3BHendricks%2C+S&rft.aulast=Pan&rft.aufirst=C&rft.date=2003-01-01&rft.volume=3&rft.issue=4&rft.spage=235&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Occupational+Ergonomics&rft.issn=13599364&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Occupational safety; Construction industry; Ergonomics; Materials handling; Injuries ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Ephedrine-Induced Cardiac Ischemia: Exposure Confirmed with a Serum Level AN - 19236190; 5807702 AB - The temporal association of symptoms consistent with ephedrine toxicity after ingestion of ephedrine-containing dietary supplements is heavily relied upon to confirm exposure. Few reports in the literature attempt to associate toxicity with serum levels of these drugs. We report a case of ephedrine-induced cardiac ischemia confirmed by a plasma level. A 22-year-old woman ingesting an ephedrine- and caffeine-containing product for 2 days presented with multiple symptoms, including palpitations, nausea, tremulousness, abdominal pain, and vomiting. The initial electrocardiogram (ECG) revealed a normal sinus rhythm with 1 mm of ST segment depression in leads V3 and V4, along with inverted T waves in leads V1-V4. Her symptoms and ST segment depression resolved over several hours with medical management. The amplitude of her T wave inversions notably diminished with therapy; however, they did not completely resolve. Troponins at presentation and the following morning were negative, and an echocardiogram showed only trace tricuspid regurgitation. A serum ephedrine level, drawn approximately 6 to 7 hr after ingestion, was 150 ng/mL. She was discharged from the hospital after being instructed to avoid ephedrine-containing products. JF - Journal of Toxicology: Clinical Toxicology AU - Schier, J G AU - Traub, S J AU - Hoffman, R S AU - Nelson, L S AD - CDC/NCEH/EHHE/HSB MS E-23, 1600 Clifton Road, NE, Atlanta, GA 30333, USA, jschier@pol.net Y1 - 2003 PY - 2003 DA - 2003 SP - 849 EP - 853 VL - 41 IS - 6 SN - 0731-3810, 0731-3810 KW - man KW - case reports KW - herbal supplements KW - Toxicology Abstracts KW - Heart KW - Myocardial ischemia KW - Ephedrine KW - X 24120:Food, additives & contaminants UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/19236190?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxicologyabstracts&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Toxicology%3A+Clinical+Toxicology&rft.atitle=Ephedrine-Induced+Cardiac+Ischemia%3A+Exposure+Confirmed+with+a+Serum+Level&rft.au=Schier%2C+J+G%3BTraub%2C+S+J%3BHoffman%2C+R+S%3BNelson%2C+L+S&rft.aulast=Schier&rft.aufirst=J&rft.date=2003-01-01&rft.volume=41&rft.issue=6&rft.spage=849&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+Toxicology%3A+Clinical+Toxicology&rft.issn=07313810&rft_id=info:doi/10.1081%2FCLT-120025350 LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Ephedrine; Myocardial ischemia; Heart DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1081/CLT-120025350 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - The concept of degraded images applied to hazard recognition training in mining for reduction of lost-time injuries AN - 19235012; 5810131 AB - Introduction: This paper discusses the application of a training intervention that uses degraded images for improving the hazard recognition skills of miners. Method: NIOSH researchers, in an extensive literature review, identified fundamental psychological principles on perception that may be employed to enhance the ability of miners to recognize and respond to hazards in their dangerous work environment. Three studies were conducted to evaluate the effectiveness of the degraded image training intervention. A model of hazard recognition was developed to guide the study. Results: In the first study, miners from Pennsylvania, West Virginia and Alabama, who were taught with the aid of degraded images, scored significantly better on follow-up hazard recognition performance measures than those trained using traditional instructional methodologies. The second and third studies investigated the effectiveness of the training intervention at two mining companies. Data collected over a 3-year period showed that lost-time injuries at mines in Alabama and Illinois declined soon after the training intervention was instituted. Impact on Industry: Further exploration of the hazard recognition model and the development of other interventions based on the model could support the validity of the steps in the hazard recognition model. JF - Journal of Safety Research AU - Kowalski-Trakofler, K M AU - Barrett, E A AD - National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH), Pittsburgh Research Laboratory, 626 Cochrans Mill Road, Pittsburgh, PA 15236, USA, kkowalski@cdc.gov Y1 - 2003 PY - 2003 DA - 2003 SP - 515 EP - 525 PB - Elsevier Science Ltd., Pergamon, P.O. Box 800 Kidlington Oxford OX5 1DX UK, [mailto:nlinfo-f@elsevier.nl], [URL:http://www.elsevier.nl] VL - 34 IS - 5 SN - 0022-4375, 0022-4375 KW - Health & Safety Science Abstracts; Risk Abstracts KW - Occupational safety KW - Hazards KW - Accidents KW - Mining KW - R2 23080:Industrial and labor KW - H 1000:Occupational Safety and Health UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/19235012?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Ariskabstracts&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Safety+Research&rft.atitle=The+concept+of+degraded+images+applied+to+hazard+recognition+training+in+mining+for+reduction+of+lost-time+injuries&rft.au=Kowalski-Trakofler%2C+K+M%3BBarrett%2C+E+A&rft.aulast=Kowalski-Trakofler&rft.aufirst=K&rft.date=2003-01-01&rft.volume=34&rft.issue=5&rft.spage=515&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+Safety+Research&rft.issn=00224375&rft_id=info:doi/10.1016%2Fj.jsr.2003.05.004 LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Mining; Occupational safety; Hazards; Accidents DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jsr.2003.05.004 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Visual and ocular changes associated with exposure to two tertiary amines AN - 19222897; 5797102 AB - Aims: To determine if exposure to dimethylisopropanolamine (DMIPA) and dimethylaminoethanol (DMAE) in a label printing plant was associated with visual disturbances and/or ocular changes. Methods: Questionnaires, eye examinations (visual acuity, contrast sensitivity at 2.5% and 1.25% contrast, slit lamp biomicroscopy, and pachymetry), and industrial hygiene monitoring for DMIPA and DMAE were performed over a two week period. Results: Eighty nine per cent of line workers reported having experienced blurry vision while at work in the past 12 months, compared to 12.5% of prime workers. A total of 108 full shift personal breathing zone (PBZ) air samples for the amines were collected. The mean time weighted average (TWA) concentration of DMIPA was significantly higher in the line division than in the prime division, as was the mean TWA concentration for total amines. The mean TWA concentration of DMAE was higher in the prime division than the line division. Higher levels of total amines were associated with increased risk of reporting blurry vision, halo vision, and blue-grey vision. The risk of corneal opacity rose with increasing exposure to total amines. The prevalence of corneal opacity also increased with increasing concentration of total amines. Median corneal thickness increased with increasing grades of corneal opacity. There was a statistically significant relation between total amine concentration and increased risk of reduced bilateral visual acuity and 2.5% contrast sensitivity. Conclusions: Exposure to tertiary amines was associated with blurry, halo, and blue-grey vision, corneal opacity, and decrements in visual acuity and contrast sensitivity at 2.5% contrast. JF - Occupational and Environmental Medicine AU - Page, E H AU - Cook, C K AU - Hater, MA AU - Mueller, CA AU - Grote, A A AU - Mortimer, V D AD - Division of Surveillance, Hazard Evaluations, and Field Studies, National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, 4676 Columbia Parkway, MS R-10, Cincinnati, Ohio 45226-1998, USA, edp7@cdc.gov Y1 - 2003/01// PY - 2003 DA - Jan 2003 SP - 69 EP - 75 VL - 60 IS - 1 SN - 1351-0711, 1351-0711 KW - dimethylaminoethanol KW - dimethylisopropanolamine KW - Health & Safety Science Abstracts KW - Vision KW - Printing industry KW - Occupational exposure KW - H 1000:Occupational Safety and Health UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/19222897?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Ahealthsafetyabstracts&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Occupational+and+Environmental+Medicine&rft.atitle=Visual+and+ocular+changes+associated+with+exposure+to+two+tertiary+amines&rft.au=Page%2C+E+H%3BCook%2C+C+K%3BHater%2C+MA%3BMueller%2C+CA%3BGrote%2C+A+A%3BMortimer%2C+V+D&rft.aulast=Page&rft.aufirst=E&rft.date=2003-01-01&rft.volume=60&rft.issue=1&rft.spage=69&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Occupational+and+Environmental+Medicine&rft.issn=13510711&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Printing industry; Occupational exposure; Vision ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Evaluation of a safety training program in three food service companies AN - 19219577; 5810128 AB - Problem: Outcome measures for safety training effectiveness research often do not include measures such as occupational injury experience. Effectiveness mediators also receive sparse attention. Method: A new safety training curriculum was delivered to workers in a stratified random sample of food service facilities across three companies. A similar group of facilities received usual training. We collected post-test measures of demographic variables, safety knowledge, perceptions of transfer of training climate, and workers' compensation claim data for one year after the initial training activities. Results: Knowledge test scores were apparently higher in the new-training units than in the usual-training units. Some demographic variables were inconsistently associated with these differences. Evidence for reduction of the injury rate associated with the new training was observed from two companies but only approached significance for one company. A second company revealed a similar but non-significant trend. Knowledge scores were not significantly associated with lower injury rates. Discussion: We found evidence that safety training increases knowledge and reduces injuries. We found almost no evidence of effects of training effectiveness mediators, including no relationship between safety knowledge and injury experience. Methodological issues related to conducting a large study may have influenced these results. Impact on Industry: Although safety training leads to greater knowledge and, in some cases, reduced occupational injuries, the influence of mediating variables remains to be fully explained. JF - Journal of Safety Research AU - Sinclair, R C AU - Smith, R AU - Colligan, M AU - Prince, M AU - Nguyen, T AU - Stayner, L AD - National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH), 4676 Columbia Parkway, MS C-10, Cincinnati, OH 45226, USA, Rsinclair@cdc.gov Y1 - 2003 PY - 2003 DA - 2003 SP - 547 EP - 558 PB - Elsevier Science Ltd., Pergamon, P.O. Box 800 Kidlington Oxford OX5 1DX UK, [mailto:nlinfo-f@elsevier.nl], [URL:http://www.elsevier.nl] VL - 34 IS - 5 SN - 0022-4375, 0022-4375 KW - Health & Safety Science Abstracts KW - Accidents KW - Injuries KW - Training KW - Occupational safety KW - H 1000:Occupational Safety and Health UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/19219577?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Ahealthsafetyabstracts&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Safety+Research&rft.atitle=Evaluation+of+a+safety+training+program+in+three+food+service+companies&rft.au=Sinclair%2C+R+C%3BSmith%2C+R%3BColligan%2C+M%3BPrince%2C+M%3BNguyen%2C+T%3BStayner%2C+L&rft.aulast=Sinclair&rft.aufirst=R&rft.date=2003-01-01&rft.volume=34&rft.issue=5&rft.spage=547&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+Safety+Research&rft.issn=00224375&rft_id=info:doi/10.1016%2Fj.jsr.2003.03.003 LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Occupational safety; Training; Accidents; Injuries DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jsr.2003.03.003 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Strength demands of line handlers on the Panama canal AN - 19215293; 5790763 AB - Vessels transiting the Panama Canal are guided through the locks using locomotives attached by means of towlines (made of wire rope), which are fastened to bitts on the deck by line handlers. The latter activity requires high pulling strength demands and is thought to be a cause of the high incidence of low back disorders in these workers. At the invitation of the Panama Canal Commission, NIOSH researchers evaluated the strength demands of line handlers and the strength capabilities of a line handling crew. Strength demands measured during a transit indicated high pulling force demands for attaching ropes to the bow and stem bitts (> 1000 N), but lower force requirements for midships bitts (< 400 N). Tests of pulling strength capabilities of a line handling crew suggest that at least 4-5 line handlers are needed to perform the most demanding tasks. When pulling upwards or downwards on a rope in a team effort, ordering the crew according to stature appears important. Simulation of slippery deck conditions resulted in a 13% decrease in team pulling strength. Though the short duration of the study prevented an extensive evaluation, the data obtained provides insight into the design aspects of occupations where team-pulling activities are required. JF - Occupational Ergonomics AU - Gallagher, S AU - Unger, R L AD - National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, Pittsburgh Research Laboratory, PO Box 18070, Pittsburgh, PA 15236, USA, sgallagher@cdc.gov Y1 - 2003 PY - 2003 DA - 2003 SP - 173 EP - 184 VL - 3 IS - 3 SN - 1359-9364, 1359-9364 KW - line handlers KW - working conditions KW - Health & Safety Science Abstracts KW - Panama KW - Canals KW - Ergonomics KW - Design KW - H 10000:Ergonomics/Human Factors UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/19215293?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Ahealthsafetyabstracts&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Occupational+Ergonomics&rft.atitle=Strength+demands+of+line+handlers+on+the+Panama+canal&rft.au=Gallagher%2C+S%3BUnger%2C+R+L&rft.aulast=Gallagher&rft.aufirst=S&rft.date=2003-01-01&rft.volume=3&rft.issue=3&rft.spage=173&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Occupational+Ergonomics&rft.issn=13599364&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Panama; Design; Ergonomics; Canals ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Information dissemination and use: Critical components in occupational safety and health AN - 18856211; 5748035 AB - Information dissemination is a mandated, but understudied, requirement of occupational and environmental health laws and voluntary initiatives. Research is needed on the factors that enhance and limit the development, transfer, and use of occupational safety and health information (OSH). Contemporary changes in the workforce, workplaces, and the nature of work will require new emphasis on the dissemination of information to foster prevention. Legislative and regulatory requirements and voluntary initiatives for dissemination of OSH information were identified and assessed. Literature on information dissemination was reviewed to identify important issues and useful approaches. More than 20 sections of laws and regulations were identified that mandated dissemination of occupational and environmental safety and health information. A four-stage approach for tracking dissemination and considering the flow of information was delineated. Special areas of dissemination were identified: the information needs of the changing workforce, new and young workers; small businesses; and workers with difficulty in understanding or reading English. We offer a framework for dissemination of OSH information and underscore the need to focus on the extent to which decision-makers and others receive and use such information. More solid data are also needed on current investments in disseminating, diffusing and applying OSH information and on the utility of that information. JF - American Journal of Industrial Medicine AU - Schulte, P A AU - Okun, A AU - Stephenson, C M AU - Colligan, M AU - Ahlers, H AU - Gjessing, C AU - Loos, G AU - Niemeier, R W AU - Sweeney, M H AD - National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH), Education and Information Division, Columbia Parkway, Cincinnati, Ohio, pas4@cdc.gov Y1 - 2003 PY - 2003 DA - 2003 SP - 515 EP - 531 PB - John Wiley & Sons, Inc., 111 River Street Hoboken NJ 07030 USA, [mailto:custserv@wiley.com], [URL:http://www.wiley.com/] VL - 44 IS - 5 SN - 0271-3586, 0271-3586 KW - information dissemination KW - Health & Safety Science Abstracts KW - H 1000:Occupational Safety and Health UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/18856211?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Ahealthsafetyabstracts&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=American+Journal+of+Industrial+Medicine&rft.atitle=Information+dissemination+and+use%3A+Critical+components+in+occupational+safety+and+health&rft.au=Schulte%2C+P+A%3BOkun%2C+A%3BStephenson%2C+C+M%3BColligan%2C+M%3BAhlers%2C+H%3BGjessing%2C+C%3BLoos%2C+G%3BNiemeier%2C+R+W%3BSweeney%2C+M+H&rft.aulast=Schulte&rft.aufirst=P&rft.date=2003-01-01&rft.volume=44&rft.issue=5&rft.spage=515&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=American+Journal+of+Industrial+Medicine&rft.issn=02713586&rft_id=info:doi/10.1002%2Fajim.10295 LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ajim.10295 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Non-fatal injuries in the West Virginia logging industry: Using workers' compensation claims to assess risk from 1995 through 2001 AN - 18851084; 5748033 AB - The logging industry has a high rate of both fatal and non-fatal injuries in comparison to other industries, and plays a vital role in WV's economy. Workers' compensation (WC) injury claims and employment data were summarized to examine patterns and rates of non-fatal logging injuries in WV from 1995 through 2001. The average annual rate of injury claims was 16.0 per 100 workers per year with rates remaining relatively steady over the 7-year study period. The highest rates of injury were a result of being struck by an object, typically trees, snags, or logs. WV loggers most often file injury claims as a result of being struck by trees and tree parts, snags, and logs. Assessment of risk is a critical component in helping regulators, researchers, and the logging industry develop viable prevention strategies to reduce the incidence and severity of logging-related injuries. JF - American Journal of Industrial Medicine AU - Bell, J L AU - Helmkamp, J C AD - Division of Safety Research, National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, Morgantown, West Virginia, jbell@cdc.gov Y1 - 2003 PY - 2003 DA - 2003 SP - 502 EP - 509 PB - John Wiley & Sons, Inc., 111 River Street Hoboken NJ 07030 USA, [mailto:custserv@wiley.com], [URL:http://www.wiley.com/] VL - 44 IS - 5 SN - 0271-3586, 0271-3586 KW - logging KW - workers' compensation KW - Health & Safety Science Abstracts KW - H 1000:Occupational Safety and Health UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/18851084?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Ahealthsafetyabstracts&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=American+Journal+of+Industrial+Medicine&rft.atitle=Non-fatal+injuries+in+the+West+Virginia+logging+industry%3A+Using+workers%27+compensation+claims+to+assess+risk+from+1995+through+2001&rft.au=Bell%2C+J+L%3BHelmkamp%2C+J+C&rft.aulast=Bell&rft.aufirst=J&rft.date=2003-01-01&rft.volume=44&rft.issue=5&rft.spage=502&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=American+Journal+of+Industrial+Medicine&rft.issn=02713586&rft_id=info:doi/10.1002%2Fajim.10307 LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ajim.10307 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - The Anthrax Epidemiologic Tool Kit: An Instrument for Public Health Preparedness AN - 18830893; 5737864 AB - Concurrent epidemiological investigation of anthrax cases in five geographic regions required rapid development of field assessment tools, enhanced strategies for active surveillance, and public information campaigns for each field investigation site. We sought to create a central repository of such anthrax response tools to reduce duplication of effort, and to assist state and local health departments with public health emergency response efforts. We compiled questionnaires, fact sheets, chart abstraction forms, response algorithms, and enhanced surveillance system descriptions and forms from each field investigation team. We participated in debriefing sessions and conducted informal interviews to obtain constructive feedback about the tools and processes used in the field. We learned that centralizing and, where appropriate, standardizing these tools and protocols qualitatively improved response efficiency, comparability, and interpretation of the field information. Bioterrorism and emergency public health preparedness activities should include the creation and refinement of epidemiologic tool kits to facilitate rapid and scientifically appropriate field response. JF - Biosecurity and Bioterrorism AU - Reissman, D B AU - Steinberg, E B AU - Magri, J M AU - Jernigan, D B AD - Terrorism and Mental Health, National Center for Injury Prevention and Control, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, 4770 Buford Hwy, NE, Mail-stop K-68, Atlanta, GA 30341, USA, Dreissman@cdc.gov Y1 - 2003 PY - 2003 DA - 2003 SP - 111 VL - 1 IS - 2 SN - 1538-7135, 1538-7135 KW - anthrax KW - bioterrorism KW - Health & Safety Science Abstracts KW - H 6000:Natural Disasters/Civil Defense/Emergency Management UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/18830893?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Ahealthsafetyabstracts&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Biosecurity+and+Bioterrorism&rft.atitle=The+Anthrax+Epidemiologic+Tool+Kit%3A+An+Instrument+for+Public+Health+Preparedness&rft.au=Reissman%2C+D+B%3BSteinberg%2C+E+B%3BMagri%2C+J+M%3BJernigan%2C+D+B&rft.aulast=Reissman&rft.aufirst=D&rft.date=2003-01-01&rft.volume=1&rft.issue=2&rft.spage=111&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Biosecurity+and+Bioterrorism&rft.issn=15387135&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Judgment and decision making under stress: an overview for emergency managers AN - 18825966; 5731807 AB - This paper discusses human judgment and decision making under stress. The authors review selected recent literature across various disciplines and suggest a definition of stress within the context of decision making during the management of emergencies. They also discuss fieldwork by the Pittsburgh Research Laboratory, NIOSH, which explores traumatic incident stress, the relationship between previous training and performance under stressful conditions, and human behaviour in underground mine fires. The authors assert that stress is one of the factors that decision makers must contend with in most life-or-death situations. They suggest that a better understanding of individual judgment and decision making activities whilst under stress would yield a better understanding of how people reach the choices they make in emergencies. This enhanced understanding would be of enormous value to emergency managers, researchers and policymakers. JF - International Journal of Emergency Management AU - Kowalski-Trakofler, K M AU - Vaught, C AU - Scharf, T AD - National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, Pittsburgh Research Laboratory, 626 Cochrans Mill Road, Pittsburgh, PA 15236, USA, kkowalski@cdc.gov Y1 - 2003 PY - 2003 DA - 2003 VL - 1 IS - 3 SN - 1471-4825, 1471-4825 KW - Health & Safety Science Abstracts KW - H 6000:Natural Disasters/Civil Defense/Emergency Management UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/18825966?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Ahealthsafetyabstracts&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=International+Journal+of+Emergency+Management&rft.atitle=Judgment+and+decision+making+under+stress%3A+an+overview+for+emergency+managers&rft.au=Kowalski-Trakofler%2C+K+M%3BVaught%2C+C%3BScharf%2C+T&rft.aulast=Kowalski-Trakofler&rft.aufirst=K&rft.date=2003-01-01&rft.volume=1&rft.issue=3&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=International+Journal+of+Emergency+Management&rft.issn=14714825&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Control and Perception of Balance at Elevated and Sloped Surfaces AN - 18823243; 5710802 AB - Understanding roof-work-related risk of falls and developing low-cost, practical engineering controls for reducing this risk remain in high demand in the construction industry. This study investigated the effects of the roof work environment characteristics of surface slope, height, and visual reference on standing balance in construction workers. The 24 participants were tested in a laboratory setting at 4 slopes (0 degree , 18 degree , 26 degree , and 34 degree ), 2 heights (0, 3 m), and 2 visual conditions (with and without visual references). Postural sway characteristics were calculated using center of pressure recordings from a force platform. Workers' perceptions of postural sway and instability were also evaluated. The results indicated that slope and height synergistically increased workers' standing postural instability. Workers recognized the individual destabilizing effects of slope and height but did not recognize the synergistic effect of the two. Visual references significantly reduced the destabilizing effects of height and slope. Actual and potential applications of this research include the use of temporary level work surfaces and proximal vertical reference structures as postural instability control measures during roofing work. JF - Human Factors AU - Simeonov, P I AU - Hsiao, H AU - Dotson, B W AU - Ammons, DE AD - 1095 Willowdale Rd., Morgantown, WV 26505, USA, psimeonov@cdc.gov Y1 - 2003 PY - 2003 DA - 2003 SP - 136 EP - 147 VL - 45 IS - 1 SN - 0018-7208, 0018-7208 KW - falls KW - posture KW - working conditions KW - Risk Abstracts; Health & Safety Science Abstracts KW - R2 23080:Industrial and labor KW - H 1000:Occupational Safety and Health UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/18823243?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Ariskabstracts&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Human+Factors&rft.atitle=Control+and+Perception+of+Balance+at+Elevated+and+Sloped+Surfaces&rft.au=Simeonov%2C+P+I%3BHsiao%2C+H%3BDotson%2C+B+W%3BAmmons%2C+DE&rft.aulast=Simeonov&rft.aufirst=P&rft.date=2003-01-01&rft.volume=45&rft.issue=1&rft.spage=136&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Human+Factors&rft.issn=00187208&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - The Acute Health Consequences to Children Exposed to Hazardous Substances Used in Illicit Methamphetamine Production, 1996 to 2001 AN - 18813368; 5687444 AB - Children who are raised in an environment where illicit methamphetamine production occurs can experience acute health effects from hazardous substances used. Common substances used include anhydrous ammonia, hydrochloric acid, and acetone. Many of these are hazardous upon exposure and can lead to emergency events such as fires, explosions, spills, and toxic emissions. Data from 17 states participating in the Agency for Toxic Substances and Disease Registry's Hazardous Substances Emergency Events Surveillance system were used to analyze the acute health consequences among children exposed to hazardous substances released in association with illicit methamphetamine production during 1996 through 2001. Of the 519 methamphetamine-related emergency events identified where releases occurred, at least 8 known events involved 13 children who were injured. In four of these eight events, lethal substances such as anhydrous ammonia were released. The predominant injuries sustained by these children were respiratory irritation and trauma. More action is needed to remove children from these dangerous environments and to educate innocent bystanders, as well as the substance abusers themselves, about the risks involved with methamphetamine and its illicit production. JF - Journal of Children's Health AU - Horton, D K AU - Berkowitz, Z AU - Kaye, W E AD - Agency for Toxic Substances and Disease Registry, Division of Health Studies/Epidemiology and Surveillance Branch, 1600 Clifton Road N.E., Mailstop E-31, Atlanta, GA 30333, USA, dhorton@cdc.gov Y1 - 2003 PY - 2003 DA - 2003 SP - 99 EP - 108 VL - 1 IS - 1 SN - 1541-7069, 1541-7069 KW - acetone KW - hydrochloric acid KW - illegal drug manufacturing KW - man KW - methamphetamine KW - production facilities KW - Toxicology Abstracts; Risk Abstracts; Health & Safety Science Abstracts KW - R2 23060:Medical and environmental health KW - H 12000:Epidemiology and Public Health KW - X 24180:Social poisons & drug abuse UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/18813368?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Ariskabstracts&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Children%27s+Health&rft.atitle=The+Acute+Health+Consequences+to+Children+Exposed+to+Hazardous+Substances+Used+in+Illicit+Methamphetamine+Production%2C+1996+to+2001&rft.au=Horton%2C+D+K%3BBerkowitz%2C+Z%3BKaye%2C+W+E&rft.aulast=Horton&rft.aufirst=D&rft.date=2003-01-01&rft.volume=1&rft.issue=1&rft.spage=99&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+Children%27s+Health&rft.issn=15417069&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Mortality among chrome leather tannery workers: An update AN - 18808236; 5684867 AB - Employees engaged in the tanning and finishing of leather are potentially exposed to numerous carcinogens. A previous mortality study among 9,352 workers from two chrome tanneries has been updated with the addition of 11 years of vital status and work history follow-up and 1,153 new deaths. Ninety-two different causes of death were analyzed using a modified life-table approach. Death rates from both the United States and the states in which the tanneries were located were used as the comparison populations in calculating cause- specific standardized mortality ratios (SMRs). The mortality risks from all causes and from all cancers were lower than the expected for the combined cohort. Analyzing the two tanneries separately, no a priori cause of death (i.e. cancer of the lung, pancreas, bladder, kidney, testes, nasal cavity, lymphoma, or soft-tissue sarcoma) was shown to be significantly elevated. An exception was lung cancer at one tannery when state death rates were used (SMR = 130, P < 0.01). Analyzing by duration of employment, no significant trend in any cause of death at either tannery was revealed. Some studies have shown elevated risks for various site-specific causes of cancer; however, sites in excess are not consistent between studies. The differences may have been due to distinct processes used by the tanneries resulting in varying levels, as well as different types, of exposures. Published 2003 Wiley-Liss, Inc. JF - American Journal of Industrial Medicine AU - Stern, F B AD - National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, 4676 Columbia Parkway, Cincinnati, OH 45226., fbs1@cdc.gov Y1 - 2003 PY - 2003 DA - 2003 SP - 197 EP - 206 PB - John Wiley & Sons, Inc., 111 River Street Hoboken NJ 07030 USA, [mailto:custserv@wiley.com], [URL:http://www.wiley.com/] VL - 44 IS - 2 SN - 0271-3586, 0271-3586 KW - Tanning industry KW - leather industry KW - man KW - Toxicology Abstracts; Health & Safety Science Abstracts; Risk Abstracts KW - R2 23080:Industrial and labor KW - H 1000:Occupational Safety and Health KW - X 24162:Chronic exposure UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/18808236?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Ariskabstracts&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=American+Journal+of+Industrial+Medicine&rft.atitle=Mortality+among+chrome+leather+tannery+workers%3A+An+update&rft.au=Stern%2C+F+B&rft.aulast=Stern&rft.aufirst=F&rft.date=2003-01-01&rft.volume=44&rft.issue=2&rft.spage=197&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=American+Journal+of+Industrial+Medicine&rft.issn=02713586&rft_id=info:doi/10.1002%2Fajim.10242 LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ajim.10242 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Control of anti-tuberculosis drug resistance in Botswana AN - 18753495; 5630554 AB - Botswana, where in 2000 the prevalence of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection among adults was 38%, and the tuberculosis (TB) rate was 591/100 000. A 1995-1996 survey demonstrated low levels of anti-tuberculosis drug resistance. Because TB drug resistance may increase rapidly in HIV-infected populations, a second survey was undertaken in 1999 to determine any increase in anti-tuberculosis drug resistance. Sputum specimens positive for acid-fast bacilli from patients without prior TB treatment (new patients), and all sputum specimens from patients reporting prior TB treatment (retreatment patients) were collected nationwide. Specimens were cultured for Mycobacterium tuberculosis and tested for resistance to isoniazid, rifampicin, ethambutol, and streptomycin. From January to May 1999, 783 patients were consecutively enrolled from all districts. Of these, 483 (61.7%) were male, the median age was 33 years, and 82% were new patients. Drug resistance occurred in 6.3% of new patients (95% confidence interval [CI] 4.6-8.6) and 22.8% of retreatment patients (95%CI 16.5-30.1). Resistance to at least isoniazid and rifampicin was found in 0.5% of new (95%CI 0.1-1.3) and 9.0% of retreatment patients (95%CI 5.1-14.5). Anti-tuberculosis drug resistance remains relatively low in Botswana, probably as a result of a well-functioning TB program. Periodic surveys will be essential to adequately determine any significant trend. JF - International Journal of Tuberculosis and Lung Disease AU - Talbot, E A AU - Kenyon, T A AU - Mwasekaga, MJ AU - Moeti, T L AU - Mallon, V AU - Binkin, N J AD - Division of TB Elimination, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) Botswana, Department of State, 2170 Gaborone Place, Washington, DC 20521, USA, edt7@cdc.gov Y1 - 2003/01// PY - 2003 DA - Jan 2003 SP - 72 EP - 77 VL - 7 IS - 1 SN - 1027-3719, 1027-3719 KW - HIV KW - Microbiology Abstracts B: Bacteriology KW - J 02814:Drug resistance UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/18753495?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologyb&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=International+Journal+of+Tuberculosis+and+Lung+Disease&rft.atitle=Control+of+anti-tuberculosis+drug+resistance+in+Botswana&rft.au=Talbot%2C+E+A%3BKenyon%2C+T+A%3BMwasekaga%2C+MJ%3BMoeti%2C+T+L%3BMallon%2C+V%3BBinkin%2C+N+J&rft.aulast=Talbot&rft.aufirst=E&rft.date=2003-01-01&rft.volume=7&rft.issue=1&rft.spage=72&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=International+Journal+of+Tuberculosis+and+Lung+Disease&rft.issn=10273719&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Interleukin-1 beta responses to Mycoplasma pneumoniae infection are cell-type specific AN - 18735382; 5613963 AB - Interleukin-1 beta (IL-1 beta ) is a major proinflammatory cytokine that is involved in many important cellular functions such as proliferation, differentiation, and activation of different cell types. Its mature form is released from the cells in response to various bacterial and viral infections, and it plays a significant role in host defense. Mycoplasma pneumoniae is a small bacterium without a cell wall that causes tracheobronchitis and atypical pneumonia in humans following attachment to respiratory epithelium, as well as extrapulmonary infections. Very little is known about the role of cytokines in pathogenesis or the response of target cells to M.pneumoniae attachment. The purpose of this study was to investigate the ability of M. pneumoniae to induce IL-1 beta in human lung epithelial carcinoma A549 and in human monocytic U937 cell lines. Following M. pneumoniae infection, both IL-1 beta mRNA and protein were induced in A549 cells vs. no induction in uninfected cells; however, the protein remained inside the A549 cells. Similarly, M. pneumoniae infection strongly increased mRNA and extracellular protein levels in U937 cells, which unlike A549 cells did exhibit baseline constitutive levels. De novo IL-1 beta protein expression was verified by cycloheximide studies. M. pneumoniae infection did not affect constitutive caspase-1 mRNA or protein levels in either cell line. Reduced caspase-1 activity in A549 cell lysates suggests the presence of an endogenous caspase-1 inhibitory component in the A549 cells. These collective data confirm previous studies that show that M. pneumoniae is a potent inducer of cytokines following adherence to host target cells, and establish that IL-1 beta release in response to M. pneumoniae infection is cell-type specific, thus emphasizing the importance of carefully considering multiple cell types in M. pneumoniae pathogenesis studies involving both immune cells and cytokine release patterns. JF - Microbial Pathogenesis AU - Yang, J AU - Hooper, W C AU - Phillips, D J AU - Talkington, D F AD - Division of Bacterial and Mycotic Diseases, National Center for Infectious Diseases, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Mail Stop G03, 1600 Clifton Rd, NE, Atlanta, GA 30333, USA, dft1@cdc.gov Y1 - 2003/01/01/ PY - 2003 DA - 2003 Jan 01 SP - 17 EP - 25 PB - Elsevier Science VL - 34 IS - 1 SN - 0882-4010, 0882-4010 KW - Microbiology Abstracts B: Bacteriology KW - J 02833:Immune response and immune mechanisms UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/18735382?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologyb&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Microbial+Pathogenesis&rft.atitle=Interleukin-1+beta+responses+to+Mycoplasma+pneumoniae+infection+are+cell-type+specific&rft.au=Yang%2C+J%3BHooper%2C+W+C%3BPhillips%2C+D+J%3BTalkington%2C+D+F&rft.aulast=Yang&rft.aufirst=J&rft.date=2003-01-01&rft.volume=34&rft.issue=1&rft.spage=17&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Microbial+Pathogenesis&rft.issn=08824010&rft_id=info:doi/10.1016%2FS0882-4010%2802%2900190-0 LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0882-4010(02)00190-0 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - An overview on the use of a viral pathogen as a bioterrorism agent: Why smallpox? AN - 18734154; 5613299 JF - Antiviral Research AU - Mahy, BWJ AD - National Center for Infectious Diseases, 1600 Clifton Road, CDC, Mailstop C12, Atlanta, GA 30333, USA Y1 - 2003/01// PY - 2003 DA - Jan 2003 SP - 1 EP - 5 PB - Elsevier Science VL - 57 IS - 1-2 SN - 0166-3542, 0166-3542 KW - bioterrorism KW - man KW - smallpox virus KW - Biotechnology and Bioengineering Abstracts; Bioengineering Abstracts; Virology & AIDS Abstracts KW - W4 240:Bioterrorism & Biological Warfare KW - V 22124:Prophylaxis & control KW - W 30965:Miscellaneous, Reviews UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/18734154?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Abiotechresearch&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Antiviral+Research&rft.atitle=An+overview+on+the+use+of+a+viral+pathogen+as+a+bioterrorism+agent%3A+Why+smallpox%3F&rft.au=Mahy%2C+BWJ&rft.aulast=Mahy&rft.aufirst=BWJ&rft.date=2003-01-01&rft.volume=57&rft.issue=1-2&rft.spage=1&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Antiviral+Research&rft.issn=01663542&rft_id=info:doi/10.1016%2FS0166-3542%2802%2900194-8 LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0166-3542(02)00194-8 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Prevalence of HIV Risk Behaviors, Risk Perceptions, and Testing Among US Adults With Mental Disorders AN - 18727677; 5606767 AB - Persons with mental disorders may lack the knowledge, skills, and social networks that help limit the spread of HIV by reducing risk behaviors. Nationally representative data from the 1999 U.S. National Health Interview Survey were used to estimate the prevalence of HIV risk behaviors among civilian noninstitutionalized adults with and without at least one of three psychiatric conditions (depression, generalized anxiety disorder, and panic attacks) in the previous 12 months. Relative to adults without these mental disorders, adults with a mental disorder (8.8% of adults nationally) were more likely to have engaged in HIV risk behaviors since 1980 (5.5% vs. 1.6%). Adults with a mental disorder were also more likely to report a high or medium chance of becoming infected, were more likely to have been tested for HIV infection, and were more likely to expect to be tested within the next 12 months. JF - JAIDS Journal of Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndromes AU - Blumberg, S J AU - Dickey, W C AD - National Center for Health Statistics, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, 6525 Belcrest Road, Room 850, Hyattsville, MD 20782, USA, sblumberg@cdc.gov Y1 - 2003/01// PY - 2003 DA - Jan 2003 SP - 77 EP - 79 VL - 32 IS - 1 SN - 1525-4135, 1525-4135 KW - HIV KW - HIV-1 KW - disease transmission KW - mental disorders KW - sexual behavior KW - Risk Abstracts; Virology & AIDS Abstracts KW - R2 23060:Medical and environmental health KW - V 22004:AIDS: Clinical aspects UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/18727677?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Ariskabstracts&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=JAIDS+Journal+of+Acquired+Immune+Deficiency+Syndromes&rft.atitle=Prevalence+of+HIV+Risk+Behaviors%2C+Risk+Perceptions%2C+and+Testing+Among+US+Adults+With+Mental+Disorders&rft.au=Blumberg%2C+S+J%3BDickey%2C+W+C&rft.aulast=Blumberg&rft.aufirst=S&rft.date=2003-01-01&rft.volume=32&rft.issue=1&rft.spage=77&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=JAIDS+Journal+of+Acquired+Immune+Deficiency+Syndromes&rft.issn=15254135&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Survival of Yersinia pestis on Environmental Surfaces AN - 18712831; 5596324 AB - The survival of two strains of Yersinia pestis (avirulent A1122 and virulent Harbin) on the surfaces of four materials was investigated. Viability was evaluated with epifluorescence microscopy by using the metabolic stain cyanoditolyl tetrazolium chloride and plate counts. Small numbers of cells suspended in phosphate buffer survived 2 to 4 h after visible drying on stainless steel, polyethylene, or glass and beyond 48 h on paper. Cells suspended in brain heart infusion broth (BHI) persisted more than 72 h on stainless steel, polyethylene, and glass. Small numbers of cells suspended in BHI were still viable at 120 h on paper. These data suggest that Y. pestis maintains viability for extended periods (last measured at 5 days) under controlled conditions. JF - Applied and Environmental Microbiology AU - Rose, L J AU - Donlan, R AU - Banerjee, S N AU - Arduino, MJ AD - Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, 1600 Clifton Rd., C-16, Atlanta, GA 30333, lrose@cdc.gov Y1 - 2003 PY - 2003 DA - 2003 SP - 2166 EP - 2171 VL - 69 IS - 4 SN - 0099-2240, 0099-2240 KW - polyethylene KW - stainless steel KW - Microbiology Abstracts A: Industrial & Applied Microbiology KW - A 01116:Bacteria UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/18712831?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologya&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Applied+and+Environmental+Microbiology&rft.atitle=Survival+of+Yersinia+pestis+on+Environmental+Surfaces&rft.au=Rose%2C+L+J%3BDonlan%2C+R%3BBanerjee%2C+S+N%3BArduino%2C+MJ&rft.aulast=Rose&rft.aufirst=L&rft.date=2003-01-01&rft.volume=69&rft.issue=4&rft.spage=2166&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Applied+and+Environmental+Microbiology&rft.issn=00992240&rft_id=info:doi/10.1128%2FAEM.69.4.2166-2171.2003 LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/AEM.69.4.2166-2171.2003 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - The Social Organization of Commercial Sex Work in Moscow, Russia AN - 18692315; 5583456 AB - Background: Increased poverty, unemployment, and migration place the Russian population at high risk for sexually transmitted infections (STIs). A qualitative study was undertaken to clarify the organization of sex work and describe the likely contributions of different types of sex work to disease transmission. Goal: The goal of the study was to describe the social-organizational patterns of sex work in Moscow, Russia. Study Design: Four qualitative data collection methods were used: semistructured telephone interviews, semistructured face-to-face individual and group interviews with key informants, systematic and unobtrusive naturalistic observations, and geomapping. Results: Intermittent, truck stop, and railway station sex workers may be the most important groups in the dissemination of STIs. Sex work is widely disseminated throughout the city. Identifiable positions in the social organization of street sex work include pimps, assistant female pimps, guards, drivers, "indicators," the sex workers themselves, and recruitment "pluckers." Conclusion: The Moscow sex market may be an adjustive response of the social system to the economic pressures in Russia. Sex work in Moscow has great potential for disseminating STIs throughout Russia and beyond. Understanding of these issues may enhance the impact of STI prevention programs. JF - Sexually Transmitted Diseases AU - Aral, SO AU - Lawrence, JSSt AU - Tikhonova, L AU - Safarova, E AU - Parker, KA AU - Shakarishvili, A AU - Ryan, CA AD - Division of STD Prevention, CDC, 1600 Clifton Road NE, M/S E02, Atlanta, GA 30333, USA Y1 - 2003/01// PY - 2003 DA - Jan 2003 SP - 39 EP - 45 VL - 30 IS - 1 KW - disease transmission KW - prevention KW - prostitution KW - sexual behavior KW - Risk Abstracts; Health & Safety Science Abstracts KW - H 11000:Diseases/Injuries/Trauma KW - R2 23060:Medical and environmental health UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/18692315?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Ariskabstracts&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Sexually+Transmitted+Diseases&rft.atitle=The+Social+Organization+of+Commercial+Sex+Work+in+Moscow%2C+Russia&rft.au=Aral%2C+SO%3BLawrence%2C+JSSt%3BTikhonova%2C+L%3BSafarova%2C+E%3BParker%2C+KA%3BShakarishvili%2C+A%3BRyan%2C+CA&rft.aulast=Aral&rft.aufirst=SO&rft.date=2003-01-01&rft.volume=30&rft.issue=1&rft.spage=39&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Sexually+Transmitted+Diseases&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Ehrlichia chaffeensis: a Prototypical Emerging Pathogen AN - 18652150; 5547237 AB - Ehrlichia chaffeensis is an obligately intracellular, tick-transmitted bacterium that is maintained in nature in a cycle involving at least one and perhaps several vertebrate reservoir hosts. The moderate to severe disease caused by E. chaffeensis in humans, first identified in 1986 and reported for more than 1,000 patients through 2000, represents a prototypical "emerging infection." Knowledge of the biology and natural history of E. chaffeensis, and of the epidemiology, clinical features, and laboratory diagnosis of the zoonotic disease it causes (commonly referred to as human monocytic ehrlichiosis (HME)) has expanded considerably in the period since its discovery. In this review, we summarize briefly the current understanding of the microbiology, pathogenesis, and clinical manifestations associated with this pathogen but focus primarily on discussing various ecological factors responsible for the recent recognition of this important and potentially life-threatening tick-borne disease. Perhaps the most pivotal element in the emergence of HME has been the staggering increases in white-tailed deer populations in the eastern United States during the 20th century. This animal serves as a keystone host for all life stages of the principal tick vector (Amblyomma americanum) and is perhaps the most important vertebrate reservoir host for E. chaffeensis. The contributions of other components, including expansion of susceptible human populations, growth and broadening geographical distributions of other potential reservoir species and A. americanum, and improvements in confirmatory diagnostic methods, are also explored. JF - Clinical Microbiology Reviews AU - Paddock, C D AU - Childs, JE AD - Infectious Disease Pathology Activity, Mailstop G-32, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, 1600 Clifton Rd., Atlanta, GA 30333, cdp9@cdc.gov Y1 - 2003/01// PY - 2003 DA - Jan 2003 SP - 37 EP - 64 VL - 16 IS - 1 SN - 0893-8512, 0893-8512 KW - natural history KW - white-tailed deer KW - Microbiology Abstracts B: Bacteriology KW - J 02855:Human Bacteriology: Others UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/18652150?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologyb&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Clinical+Microbiology+Reviews&rft.atitle=Ehrlichia+chaffeensis%3A+a+Prototypical+Emerging+Pathogen&rft.au=Paddock%2C+C+D%3BChilds%2C+JE&rft.aulast=Paddock&rft.aufirst=C&rft.date=2003-01-01&rft.volume=16&rft.issue=1&rft.spage=37&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Clinical+Microbiology+Reviews&rft.issn=08938512&rft_id=info:doi/10.1128%2FCMR.16.1.37-64.2003 LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/CMR.16.1.37-64.2003 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Blood lead levels and risk factors for lead poisoning among children in Jakarta, Indonesia AN - 18644374; 5542911 AB - The phase-out of leaded gasoline began in Jakarta, Indonesia on July 1, 2001. We evaluated mean blood lead levels (BLLs) and the prevalence of elevated BLLs of Jakarta school children and assessed risk factors for lead exposure in these children before the beginning of the phase-out activities. The study involved a population-based, cross-sectional blood lead survey that included capillary blood lead sampling and a brief questionnaire on risk factors for lead poisoning. A cluster survey design was used. Forty clusters, defined as primary schools in Jakarta, and 15 2nd- and 3rd-grade children in each cluster were randomly selected for participation in the study. The average age of children in this study was 8.6 years (range 6-12) and the geometric mean BLL of the children was 8.6 [mu]g/dl (median: 8.6 [mu]g/dl; range: 2.6- 24.1 [mu]g/dl) (n=397). Thirty-five percent of children had BLLs [greater-than or equal to]10 [mu]g/dl and 2.4% had BLLs [greater-than or equal to]20 [mu]g/dl. Approximately one-fourth of children had BLLs 10-14.9 [mu]g/dl. In multivariate models, level of education of the child's primary caregiver, water collection method, home varnishing and occupational recycling of metals, other than lead, by a family member were predictors of log BLLs after adjustment for age and sex. BLLs of children who lived near a highway or major intersection were significantly higher than those of children who lived near a street with little or no traffic when level of education was not included in the model. Water collection method was a significant predictor of BLLs [greater-than or equal to]10 [mu] g/dl after adjustment for age and sex. BLLs in children in this study were moderately high and consistent with BLLs of children in other countries where leaded gasoline is used. With the phase-out of leaded gasoline, BLLs of children in Jakarta are expected to rapidly decline as they have in other countries that have phased lead out of gasoline. JF - Science of the Total Environment AU - Albalak, R AU - Noonan, G AU - Buchanan, S AU - Flanders, W D AU - Gotway-Crawford, C AU - Kim, D AU - Jones, R L AU - Sulaiman, R AU - Blumenthal, W AU - Tan, R AU - Curtis, G AU - McGeehin, MA AD - Division of Environmental Hazards and Health Effects, National Center for Environmental Health, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, 1600 Clifton Rd. Mailstop E-19, Atlanta, GA 30333, USA, rka3@cdc.gov Y1 - 2003/01// PY - 2003 DA - Jan 2003 SP - 75 EP - 85 VL - 301 IS - 1-3 SN - 0048-9697, 0048-9697 KW - man KW - Risk Abstracts; Health & Safety Science Abstracts; Pollution Abstracts; Toxicology Abstracts KW - X 24166:Environmental impact KW - H 14000:Toxicology KW - R2 23060:Medical and environmental health KW - P 6000:TOXICOLOGY AND HEALTH UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/18644374?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Ariskabstracts&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Science+of+the+Total+Environment&rft.atitle=Blood+lead+levels+and+risk+factors+for+lead+poisoning+among+children+in+Jakarta%2C+Indonesia&rft.au=Albalak%2C+R%3BNoonan%2C+G%3BBuchanan%2C+S%3BFlanders%2C+W+D%3BGotway-Crawford%2C+C%3BKim%2C+D%3BJones%2C+R+L%3BSulaiman%2C+R%3BBlumenthal%2C+W%3BTan%2C+R%3BCurtis%2C+G%3BMcGeehin%2C+MA&rft.aulast=Albalak&rft.aufirst=R&rft.date=2003-01-01&rft.volume=301&rft.issue=1-3&rft.spage=75&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Science+of+the+Total+Environment&rft.issn=00489697&rft_id=info:doi/10.1016%2FS0048-9697%2802%2900297-8 LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0048-9697(02)00297-8 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Identification of Haemophilus influenzae Serotypes by Standard Slide Agglutination Serotyping and PCR-Based Capsule Typing AN - 18638279; 5547136 AB - To resolve discrepancies in slide agglutination serotyping (SAST) results from state health departments and the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), we characterized 141 of 751 invasive Haemophilus influenzae isolates that were identified in the United States from January 1998 to December 1999 through an active, laboratory-based, surveillance program coordinated by the CDC. We found discrepancies between the results of SAST performed at state health departments and those of PCR capsule typing performed at the CDC for 56 (40%) of the isolates characterized: 54 isolates that were identified as a particular serotype by SAST were shown to be unencapsulated by PCR, and two isolates that were reported as serotypes b and f were found to be serotypes f and e, respectively, by PCR. The laboratory error most likely to affect the perceived efficacy of the conjugate H. influenzae type b (Hib) vaccine was the misidentification of isolates as serotype b: of 40 isolates identified as serotype b by SAST, 27 (68%) did not contain the correlating capsule type genes. The frequency of errors fell substantially when standardized reagents and routine quality control of SAST were used during a study involving three laboratories. An overall 94% agreement between SAST and PCR results showed that slide agglutination could be a valid and reliable method for serotyping H. influenzae if the test was performed correctly, in accordance with standardized and recommended procedures. An ongoing prospective analysis of all H. influenzae surveillance isolates associated with invasive disease in children less than 5 years old will provide more accurate national figures for the burden of invasive disease caused by Hib and other H. influenzae serotypes. JF - Journal of Clinical Microbiology AU - LaClaire, L L AU - Tondella, MLC AU - Beall, D S AU - Noble, CA AU - Raghunathan, P L AU - Rosenstein, N E AU - Popovic, AD - Meningitis and Special Pathogens Branch, Division of Bacterial and Mycotic Disease, National Center for Infectious Disease, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA 30333, txp1@cdc.gov Y1 - 2003/01// PY - 2003 DA - Jan 2003 SP - 393 EP - 396 VL - 41 IS - 1 SN - 0095-1137, 0095-1137 KW - slide agglutination serotyping KW - Microbiology Abstracts B: Bacteriology KW - J 02710:Identification, taxonomy and typing UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/18638279?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologyb&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Clinical+Microbiology&rft.atitle=Identification+of+Haemophilus+influenzae+Serotypes+by+Standard+Slide+Agglutination+Serotyping+and+PCR-Based+Capsule+Typing&rft.au=LaClaire%2C+L+L%3BTondella%2C+MLC%3BBeall%2C+D+S%3BNoble%2C+CA%3BRaghunathan%2C+P+L%3BRosenstein%2C+N+E%3BPopovic%2C&rft.aulast=LaClaire&rft.aufirst=L&rft.date=2003-01-01&rft.volume=41&rft.issue=1&rft.spage=393&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+Clinical+Microbiology&rft.issn=00951137&rft_id=info:doi/10.1128%2FJCM.41.1.393-396.2003 LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/JCM.41.1.393-396.2003 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - M Protein Gene Type Distribution among Group A Streptococcal Clinical Isolates Recovered in Mexico City, Mexico, from 1991 to 2000, and Durango, Mexico, from 1998 to 1999: Overlap with Type Distribution within the United States AN - 18627439; 5547196 AB - To examine the type distribution of pathogenic group A streptococcal (GAS) strains in Mexico, we determined the emm types of 423 GAS isolates collected from ill patients residing in Mexico (Durango or Mexico City). These included 282 throat isolates and 107 isolates from normally sterile sites. Of the other isolates, 38 were recovered from other miscellaneous infections. A total of 31 different emm types were found, revealing a broad overlap between commonly occurring emm types in Mexico and the United States. The information obtained in this study is consistent with the possibility that multivalent, M type-specific vaccines prepared for GAS strain distribution within the United States could theoretically protect against the majority of GAS strains causing disease in the two cities surveyed in Mexico. JF - Journal of Clinical Microbiology AU - Espinosa, LE AU - Li, Z AU - Barreto, D G AU - Jaimes, E C AU - Rodriguez, R S AU - Sakota, V AU - Facklam, R R AU - Beall, B AD - Centers for Disease Control & Prevention, Mail Stop C0-2, 1600 Clifton Rd., NE, Atlanta, GA 30333, BBeall@cdc.gov Y1 - 2003/01// PY - 2003 DA - Jan 2003 SP - 373 EP - 378 VL - 41 IS - 1 SN - 0095-1137, 0095-1137 KW - double prime M protein KW - emm type KW - streptococci KW - Microbiology Abstracts B: Bacteriology KW - J 02855:Human Bacteriology: Others UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/18627439?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologyb&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Clinical+Microbiology&rft.atitle=M+Protein+Gene+Type+Distribution+among+Group+A+Streptococcal+Clinical+Isolates+Recovered+in+Mexico+City%2C+Mexico%2C+from+1991+to+2000%2C+and+Durango%2C+Mexico%2C+from+1998+to+1999%3A+Overlap+with+Type+Distribution+within+the+United+States&rft.au=Espinosa%2C+LE%3BLi%2C+Z%3BBarreto%2C+D+G%3BJaimes%2C+E+C%3BRodriguez%2C+R+S%3BSakota%2C+V%3BFacklam%2C+R+R%3BBeall%2C+B&rft.aulast=Espinosa&rft.aufirst=LE&rft.date=2003-01-01&rft.volume=41&rft.issue=1&rft.spage=373&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+Clinical+Microbiology&rft.issn=00951137&rft_id=info:doi/10.1128%2FJCM.41.1.373-378.2003 LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/JCM.41.1.373-378.2003 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Cross-contamination issues during a biological emergency response effort: lessons learned AN - 17985600; 5934735 AB - Response Team investigators from the US Centres for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH), recognised the potential for Bacillus anthracis (B. anthracis) cross-contamination during recent emergency response activities in the Capitol area. The three case studies presented offer the opportunity to examine procedural response practices related to bioterrorism events, and consider the "lessons learned". An examination of the actions, practices and environmental sampling results from the Capitol response effort compelled investigators to develop six recommendations that, if implemented, should reduce the potential for cross-contamination in future national and international emergency response activities. JF - International Journal of Emergency Management AU - McKernan, J L AU - Taylor, L AU - McCammon, J B AU - Hartle, R W AU - Gressel, M G AD - United States Department of Health and Human Services, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, 4676 Columbia Parkway, Cincinnati, OH 45226, USA, zwd4@cdc.gov Y1 - 2003 PY - 2003 DA - 2003 SP - 363 EP - 373 VL - 1 IS - 4 SN - 1471-4825, 1471-4825 KW - cross-contamination KW - Health & Safety Science Abstracts KW - bioterrorism KW - Emergency preparedness KW - H 6000:Natural Disasters/Civil Defense/Emergency Management UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/17985600?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Ahealthsafetyabstracts&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=International+Journal+of+Emergency+Management&rft.atitle=Cross-contamination+issues+during+a+biological+emergency+response+effort%3A+lessons+learned&rft.au=McKernan%2C+J+L%3BTaylor%2C+L%3BMcCammon%2C+J+B%3BHartle%2C+R+W%3BGressel%2C+M+G&rft.aulast=McKernan&rft.aufirst=J&rft.date=2003-01-01&rft.volume=1&rft.issue=4&rft.spage=363&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=International+Journal+of+Emergency+Management&rft.issn=14714825&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Emergency preparedness; bioterrorism ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Hypertension in Blacks: A Literature Review AN - 17821352; 6119677 AB - Hypertension is a major risk factor for heart disease and stroke, the first and third-leading causes of death in the United States. This review discusses the magnitude of the problem, its epidemiology, and the evaluation and management of hypertension as recommended by the reports of the Joint National Committee on prevention, detection, evaluation, and treatment of high blood pressure. Activities related to the control of this disorder are also highlighted.Data from the Third National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey, 1998-1994, (NHANESIII) suggest approximately three-quarters (75%) of Black hypertensives are aware of their diagnosis, but only 57% are treated and just 25% have their blood pressure under control (<140 mm Hg systolic and <90 mm Hg diastolic). Although substantial evidence indicates a significant increase in awareness of hypertension over the past three decades, control rates are remarkably low, particularly among Blacks.This review serves to emphasize and reiterate the burden of hypertension among Blacks and acts as a reminder of the need for additional research to determine if culturally competent interventions are appropriate to prevent, treat, and control this disease within this population. (Ethn Dis. 2003; 13:456-462) JF - Ethnicity & Disease AU - Ashaye, Modele O AU - Giles, Wayne H AD - Emerging Investigations and Analytic Methods Branch, Division of Adult and Community Health, National Center for Chronic Disease Prevention and Health Promotion, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia Y1 - 2003 PY - 2003 DA - 2003 SP - 456 EP - 462 PB - International Society on Hypertension in Blacks, 2045 Manchester St, NE Atlanta GA 30324 USA, [URL:http://www.ishib.org] VL - 13 IS - 4 SN - 1049-510X, 1049-510X KW - stroke KW - Risk Abstracts KW - Mortality KW - Nutrition KW - Blood pressure KW - USA KW - Reviews KW - prevention KW - Cardiovascular diseases KW - Ethnic groups KW - Hypertension KW - R2 23060:Medical and environmental health UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/17821352?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Ariskabstracts&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Ethnicity+%26+Disease&rft.atitle=Hypertension+in+Blacks%3A+A+Literature+Review&rft.au=Ashaye%2C+Modele+O%3BGiles%2C+Wayne+H&rft.aulast=Ashaye&rft.aufirst=Modele&rft.date=2003-01-01&rft.volume=13&rft.issue=4&rft.spage=456&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Ethnicity+%26+Disease&rft.issn=1049510X&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - USA; Reviews; Blood pressure; Nutrition; prevention; Mortality; Ethnic groups; Cardiovascular diseases; Hypertension ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Pulmonary effects of welding fumes: Review of worker and experimental animal studies AN - 17499664; 6384536 AB - Approximately one million workers worldwide perform welding as part of their work duties. Electric arc welding processes produce metal fumes and gases which may be harmful to exposed workers. This review summarizes human and animals studies which have examined the effect of welding fume exposure on respiratory health. An extensive search of the scientific and occupational health literature was performed, acquiring published articles which examined the effects of welding on all aspects of worker and laboratory animal health. The databases accessed included PubMed, Ovid, NIOSHTIC, and TOXNET. Pulmonary effects observed in full-time welders have included metal fume fever, airway irritation, lung function changes, susceptibility to pulmonary infection, and a possible increase in the incidence of lung cancer. Although limited in most cases, animal studies have tended to support the findings from epidemiologic studies. Despite the numerous studies on welding fumes, incomplete information still exists regarding the causality and possible underlying mechanisms associated with welding fume inhalation and pulmonary disease. The use of animal models and the ability to control the welding fume exposure in toxicology studies could be utilized in an attempt to develop a better understanding of how welding fumes affect pulmonary health. Published 2003 Wiley-Liss, Inc. JF - American Journal of Industrial Medicine AU - Antonini, James M AU - Lewis, Anthony B AU - Roberts, Jenny R AU - Whaley, David A AD - Health Effects Laboratory Division, National Institute for Occupational Safety & Health, Morgantown, West Virginia, jga6@cdc.gov Y1 - 2003 PY - 2003 DA - 2003 SP - 350 EP - 360 PB - John Wiley & Sons, Inc., 111 River Street Hoboken NJ 07030 USA, [mailto:custserv@wiley.com], [URL:http://www.wiley.com/] VL - 43 IS - 4 SN - 0271-3586, 0271-3586 KW - Health & Safety Science Abstracts; Toxicology Abstracts; Pollution Abstracts KW - Respiratory tract KW - Metals KW - Lung diseases KW - Irritation KW - Gases KW - Inhalation KW - Animal models KW - Infection KW - Fever KW - Welding KW - Respiratory function KW - Occupational exposure KW - Lung cancer KW - Fumes KW - Laboratory testing KW - Reviews KW - X 24164:Pathology KW - H 1000:Occupational Safety and Health KW - P 6000:TOXICOLOGY AND HEALTH UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/17499664?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxicologyabstracts&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=American+Journal+of+Industrial+Medicine&rft.atitle=Pulmonary+effects+of+welding+fumes%3A+Review+of+worker+and+experimental+animal+studies&rft.au=Antonini%2C+James+M%3BLewis%2C+Anthony+B%3BRoberts%2C+Jenny+R%3BWhaley%2C+David+A&rft.aulast=Antonini&rft.aufirst=James&rft.date=2003-01-01&rft.volume=43&rft.issue=4&rft.spage=350&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=American+Journal+of+Industrial+Medicine&rft.issn=02713586&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Welding; Fumes; Occupational exposure; Metals; Reviews; Inhalation; Lung cancer; Gases; Animal models; Respiratory function; Laboratory testing; Irritation; Respiratory tract; Fever; Lung diseases; Infection ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Laboratory-acquired West Nile virus infections--United States, 2002. AN - 72827268; 12537288 AB - West Nile virus (WNV), a mosquito-borne flavivirus introduced recently to North America, is a human, equine, and avian neuropathogen. The majority of human infections with WNV are mosquito-borne; however, laboratory-acquired infections with WNV and other arboviruses also occur. This report summarizes two recent cases of WNV infection in laboratory workers without other known risk factors who acquired infection through percutaneous inoculation. Laboratory workers handling fluids or tissues known or suspected to be WNV-infected should minimize their risk for exposure and should report injuries and illnesses of suspected occupational origin to their supervisor. JF - MMWR. Morbidity and mortality weekly report AU - Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) AD - Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) Y1 - 2002/12/20/ PY - 2002 DA - 2002 Dec 20 SP - 1133 EP - 1135 VL - 51 IS - 50 SN - 0149-2195, 0149-2195 KW - Index Medicus KW - United States KW - Humans KW - Specimen Handling KW - Accidents, Occupational KW - Occupational Exposure KW - Laboratories KW - Microbiology KW - West Nile virus KW - West Nile Fever -- transmission UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/72827268?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=MMWR.+Morbidity+and+mortality+weekly+report&rft.atitle=Laboratory-acquired+West+Nile+virus+infections--United+States%2C+2002.&rft.au=Centers+for+Disease+Control+and+Prevention+%28CDC%29&rft.aulast=Centers+for+Disease+Control+and+Prevention+%28CDC%29&rft.aufirst=&rft.date=2002-12-20&rft.volume=51&rft.issue=50&rft.spage=1133&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=MMWR.+Morbidity+and+mortality+weekly+report&rft.issn=01492195&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 2003-01-24 N1 - Date created - 2003-01-22 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Nonadherence among HIV-infected injecting drug users: the impact of social instability. AN - 72838181; 12562040 AB - The authors tested the impact of social instability on adherence to highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART) among patients infected with HIV through injection drug use (IDU; MANIF2000 cohort). In the study, they analyzed sociodemographic baseline characteristics to develop an indicator of social instability. Information concerning adherence to HAART was collected through questionnaires during a 2-year follow-up period. Factors associated with nonadherence were studied in two different groups: 1) patients who had stopped injection drug use (ex-IDUs) and who were not in drug maintenance programs (DMT) during the entire follow-up period, and 2) those who were still opiate dependent. Among the 210 eligible patients, 114 were classified as ex-IDUs and 96 as opiate dependent. Ex-IDUs reported nonadherence behaviors in 96 of 384 visits (25.0%), while opiate-dependent patients were nonadherent in 111 of 308 visits (36.0%; p = .02). Among ex-IDUs, the only factor associated with nonadherence was social instability, while among opiate-dependent patients, injection behavior was the only determinant of nonadherence behavior. For opiate-dependent patients, DMT may enhance adherence to HAART, but only if it is successful in reducing abuse of injection practices. For ex-IDUs, it is very important that the management of social difficulties be taken into account to increase adherence to HAART. JF - Journal of acquired immune deficiency syndromes (1999) AU - Bouhnik, Anne-Déborah AU - Chesney, Margaret AU - Carrieri, Patrizia AU - Gallais, Hervé AU - Moreau, Jacques AU - Moatti, Jean-Paul AU - Obadia, Yolande AU - Spire, Bruno AU - MANIF 2000 Study Group AD - Regional Center for Disease Control of Southeastern France (ORS PACA), Marseilles, France. ; MANIF 2000 Study Group Y1 - 2002/12/15/ PY - 2002 DA - 2002 Dec 15 SP - S149 EP - S153 VL - 31 Suppl 3 SN - 1525-4135, 1525-4135 KW - Index Medicus KW - AIDS/HIV KW - Socioeconomic Factors KW - Opioid-Related Disorders -- psychology KW - Humans KW - Depression -- complications KW - Adult KW - Alcohol Drinking KW - Male KW - Female KW - Patient Compliance KW - HIV Infections -- drug therapy KW - Antiretroviral Therapy, Highly Active -- psychology KW - Substance Abuse, Intravenous -- complications KW - HIV Infections -- psychology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/72838181?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+acquired+immune+deficiency+syndromes+%281999%29&rft.atitle=Nonadherence+among+HIV-infected+injecting+drug+users%3A+the+impact+of+social+instability.&rft.au=Bouhnik%2C+Anne-D%C3%A9borah%3BChesney%2C+Margaret%3BCarrieri%2C+Patrizia%3BGallais%2C+Herv%C3%A9%3BMoreau%2C+Jacques%3BMoatti%2C+Jean-Paul%3BObadia%2C+Yolande%3BSpire%2C+Bruno%3BMANIF+2000+Study+Group&rft.aulast=Bouhnik&rft.aufirst=Anne-D%C3%A9borah&rft.date=2002-12-15&rft.volume=31+Suppl+3&rft.issue=&rft.spage=S149&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+acquired+immune+deficiency+syndromes+%281999%29&rft.issn=15254135&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 2003-02-12 N1 - Date created - 2003-02-03 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Adult blood lead epidemiology and surveillance--United States, 1998-2001. AN - 72819403; 12528812 AB - Elevated blood lead levels (BLLs) in adults can damage the cardiovascular, central nervous, reproductive, hematologic, and renal systems. The majority of cases are workplace-related. U.S. Department of Health and Human Services recommends that BLLs among all adults be reduced to < 25 microg/dL. The highest BLL acceptable by standards of the U.S. Occupational Safety and Health Administration is 40 microg/dL. The mean BLL of adults in the United States is < 3 microg/dL. This report covers cases of adults (aged > or = 16 years) with BLLs > or = 25 microg/dL, as reported by 25 states during 1998-2001. Since 1987, CDC has sponsored the state-based Adult Blood Lead Epidemiology and Surveillance (ABLES) program to track cases of elevated BLLs and provide intervention consultation and other assistance. Overall ABLES program data were last published in 1999 for the years 1994-1997. This report provides an update with data from 25 states reporting for > or = 2 years during 1998-2001. During that period, the ABLES program funded surveillance in 21 states - Alabama, Arizona, Connecticut, Iowa, Maryland, Massachusetts, Michigan, Minnesota, New Jersey, New York, North Carolina, Ohio, Oklahoma, Oregon, Pennsylvania, Rhode Island, South Carolina, Texas, Washington, Wisconsin, and Wyoming. Four additional states - California, Nebraska, New Hampshire, and Utah contributed data without CDC funding. During 1998-2001, the overall program's annual mean state prevalence rate for adults with BLLs > or = 25 microg/dL was 13.4/100,000 employed adults. This compares with 15.2/100,000 for 1994-1997. Yearly rates were 13.8 (1998), 12.9 (1999), 14.3 (2000), and 12.5 (2001). For adults with BLLs > or = 40 microg/dL, the overall program's annual mean state prevalence rare during 1998-2001 was 2.9/ 100,000 employed adults. This compares with 3.9/100,000 for 1994-1997. Yearly rates were 3.3 (1998), 2.5 (1999), 2.9 (2000), and 2.8 (2001). Although certain limitations exist, the overall ABLES data indicate a declining trend in elevated BLLs among employed adults. ABLES-funded states increased from 21 to 35 in 2002, and more detailed reporting requirements were put into effect. These, and other improvements, will enable the ABLES program to work more effectively toward its 2010 target of eliminating all cases of BLLs > or = 25 microg/dL in adults caused by workplace exposures. JF - Morbidity and mortality weekly report. Surveillance summaries (Washington, D.C. : 2002) AU - Roscoe, Robert J AU - Ball, Wayne AU - Curran, John J AU - DeLaurier, Carol AU - Falken, Myron C AU - Fitchett, Rose AU - Fleissner, Mary Lou AU - Fletcher, Amy E AU - Garman, Susan J AU - Gergely, Rita M AU - Gerwel, Barbara T AU - Gostin, Judith E AU - Keyvan-Larijani, Ezatollah AU - Leiker, Richard D AU - Lofgren, J P AU - Nelson, Deborah R AU - Payne, Susan F AU - Rabin, Richard A AU - Salzman, Diana L AU - Schaller, Kristina E AU - Sims, Amy S AU - Smith, Joshua D AU - Socie, Edward M AU - Stoeckel, Marie AU - Stone, Robert R AU - Whittaker, Stephen G AD - Division of Surveillance, Hazard Evaluations, and Field Studies, National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, CDC, Cincinnati, Ohio, USA. Y1 - 2002/12/13/ PY - 2002 DA - 2002 Dec 13 SP - 1 EP - 10 VL - 51 IS - 11 SN - 1546-0738, 1546-0738 KW - Lead KW - 2P299V784P KW - Index Medicus KW - Humans KW - Adult KW - Environmental Exposure KW - United States -- epidemiology KW - Lead -- blood KW - Population Surveillance KW - Lead Poisoning -- epidemiology KW - Lead Poisoning -- diagnosis UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/72819403?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Morbidity+and+mortality+weekly+report.+Surveillance+summaries+%28Washington%2C+D.C.+%3A+2002%29&rft.atitle=Adult+blood+lead+epidemiology+and+surveillance--United+States%2C+1998-2001.&rft.au=Roscoe%2C+Robert+J%3BBall%2C+Wayne%3BCurran%2C+John+J%3BDeLaurier%2C+Carol%3BFalken%2C+Myron+C%3BFitchett%2C+Rose%3BFleissner%2C+Mary+Lou%3BFletcher%2C+Amy+E%3BGarman%2C+Susan+J%3BGergely%2C+Rita+M%3BGerwel%2C+Barbara+T%3BGostin%2C+Judith+E%3BKeyvan-Larijani%2C+Ezatollah%3BLeiker%2C+Richard+D%3BLofgren%2C+J+P%3BNelson%2C+Deborah+R%3BPayne%2C+Susan+F%3BRabin%2C+Richard+A%3BSalzman%2C+Diana+L%3BSchaller%2C+Kristina+E%3BSims%2C+Amy+S%3BSmith%2C+Joshua+D%3BSocie%2C+Edward+M%3BStoeckel%2C+Marie%3BStone%2C+Robert+R%3BWhittaker%2C+Stephen+G&rft.aulast=Roscoe&rft.aufirst=Robert&rft.date=2002-12-13&rft.volume=51&rft.issue=11&rft.spage=1&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Morbidity+and+mortality+weekly+report.+Surveillance+summaries+%28Washington%2C+D.C.+%3A+2002%29&rft.issn=15460738&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 2003-01-17 N1 - Date created - 2003-01-16 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Involvement by young drivers in fatal alcohol-related motor-vehicle crashes--United States, 1982-2001. AN - 72821959; 12528920 AB - Motor-vehicle crashes are the leading cause of death in the United States for persons aged 16-24 years, and a substantial proportion of these crashes are alcohol-related. Alcohol-impaired driving is highest among persons aged 21-24 years, and the percentage of fatal crashes that are alcohol-related is highest for this age group. However, alcohol-related crashes are a serious problem even for the youngest drivers. Not only are drivers aged <21 years more likely than older drivers to be involved in fatal crashes, but their added risk for fatal crash involvement increases more sharply at all levels of alcohol use. To characterize the rate of alcohol-related fatal crashes among young drivers, CDC analyzed unpublished data from the Fatality Analysis Reporting System (FARS), a national database of information on fatal crashes. The findings indicate that the largest decrease in alcohol-related fatal crashes during 1982-2001 was among drivers aged <21 years, who have been the target of several interventions to reduce alcohol-impaired driving. Public health and traffic safety professionals should ensure that communities implement comprehensive and effective strategies to reduce alcohol-impaired driving. JF - MMWR. Morbidity and mortality weekly report AU - Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) AD - Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) Y1 - 2002/12/06/ PY - 2002 DA - 2002 Dec 06 SP - 1089 EP - 1091 VL - 51 IS - 48 SN - 0149-2195, 0149-2195 KW - Index Medicus KW - Risk Factors KW - Humans KW - Adult KW - Alcoholic Beverages KW - Adolescent KW - United States -- epidemiology KW - Population Surveillance KW - Automobile Driving KW - Alcoholic Intoxication -- epidemiology KW - Accidents, Traffic -- mortality UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/72821959?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=MMWR.+Morbidity+and+mortality+weekly+report&rft.atitle=Involvement+by+young+drivers+in+fatal+alcohol-related+motor-vehicle+crashes--United+States%2C+1982-2001.&rft.au=Centers+for+Disease+Control+and+Prevention+%28CDC%29&rft.aulast=Centers+for+Disease+Control+and+Prevention+%28CDC%29&rft.aufirst=&rft.date=2002-12-06&rft.volume=51&rft.issue=48&rft.spage=1089&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=MMWR.+Morbidity+and+mortality+weekly+report&rft.issn=01492195&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 2003-01-21 N1 - Date created - 2003-01-16 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Introduction--the methyl parathion story: a chronicle of misuse and preventable human exposure. AN - 72869242; 12634136 AB - In the fall of 1994, Lorain County, Ohio, became the site of the first investigation of several large-scale incidences in which the organophosphate pesticide methyl parathion was illegally applied to private residences. The extent of potential human exposure to this pesticide led the Ohio Department of Health to formally request technical assistance from the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC). This article describes the initial investigation of 64 homes in Ohio and introduces the method of using both biological markers of exposure (p-nitrophenol levels in human urine samples) and environmental markers of contamination in dust and air samples when making public health decisions about the cleanup of homes sprayed with methyl parathion. The results of the CDC rapid investigation led the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency to declare the contaminated homes in Lorain County a Superfund cleanup site. Seven years after the Lorain incident, and after subsequent Superfund actions had been implemented in Illinois and Mississippi, researchers participated in an expanded session devoted to methyl parathion at the 11th Annual Meeting of the International Society of Exposure Analysis held in Charleston, South Carolina, in the fall of 2001. The articles included in this monograph are based on presentations at that meeting. They report previously unpublished data that tell the methyl parathion story from different perspectives, each providing in-depth information about separate aspects of this multistate, multiagency, and multimillion dollar chemical exposure. This monograph is the methyl parathion story. JF - Environmental health perspectives AU - Rubin, Carol AU - Esteban, Emilio AU - Hill, Robert H AU - Pearce, Ken AD - National Center for Environmental Health, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia, USA. crubin@cdc.gov Y1 - 2002/12// PY - 2002 DA - December 2002 SP - 1037 EP - 1040 VL - 110 Suppl 6 SN - 0091-6765, 0091-6765 KW - Biomarkers KW - 0 KW - Insecticides KW - Methyl Parathion KW - 41BCL2O91D KW - Index Medicus KW - United States KW - United States Environmental Protection Agency KW - History, 20th Century KW - Housing -- history KW - Humans KW - Biomarkers -- analysis KW - Insect Control -- history KW - Public Health -- history KW - Insecticides -- adverse effects KW - Environmental Exposure -- history KW - Methyl Parathion -- adverse effects KW - Insecticides -- history KW - Methyl Parathion -- history KW - Environmental Exposure -- adverse effects UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/72869242?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Environmental+health+perspectives&rft.atitle=Introduction--the+methyl+parathion+story%3A+a+chronicle+of+misuse+and+preventable+human+exposure.&rft.au=Rubin%2C+Carol%3BEsteban%2C+Emilio%3BHill%2C+Robert+H%3BPearce%2C+Ken&rft.aulast=Rubin&rft.aufirst=Carol&rft.date=2002-12-01&rft.volume=110+Suppl+6&rft.issue=&rft.spage=1037&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Environmental+health+perspectives&rft.issn=00916765&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 2003-05-06 N1 - Date created - 2003-03-13 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - SuppNotes - Cited By: Environ Health Perspect. 2002 Dec;110 Suppl 6:1053-6 [12634139] Environ Health Perspect. 2002 Dec;110 Suppl 6:1057-9 [12634140] Environ Health Perspect. 2002 Dec;110 Suppl 6:1061-70 [12634141] Environ Health Perspect. 2002 Dec;110 Suppl 6:1071-4 [12634142] Environ Health Perspect. 2002 Dec;110 Suppl 6:1079-83 [12634144] Environ Health Perspect. 2002 Dec;110 Suppl 6:1047-51 [12634138] J Anal Toxicol. 1995 Sep;19(5):323-9 [7500620] J Expo Anal Environ Epidemiol. 1996 Jul-Sep;6(3):375-87 [8889955] Orv Hetil. 1964 Dec 6;105:2335-6 [14228966] J Occup Med. 1976 Oct;18(10):693-6 [135080] Environ Health Perspect. 2002 Dec;110 Suppl 6:1041-6 [12634137] Environ Health Perspect. 2002 Dec;110 Suppl 6:1085-91 [12634145] N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Gene induction studies and toxicity of chemical mixtures. AN - 72863749; 12634124 AB - As part of its mixtures program, the Agency for Toxic Substances and Disease Registry (ATSDR) supports in vitro and limited in vivo toxicity testing to further our understanding of the toxicity and health effects of chemical mixtures. There are increasing concerns that environmental chemicals adversely affect the health of humans and wildlife. These concerns have been augmented by the realization that exposure to chemicals often occurs to mixtures of these chemicals that may exhibit complex synergistic or antagonistic interactions. To address such concerns, we have conducted two studies with techniques that are being used increasingly in experimental toxicology. In the first study, six organochlorine pesticides (4,4 -DDT, 4,4 -DDD, 4,4 -DDE, aldrin, dieldrin, or endrin) were selected from the ATSDR Comprehensive Environmental Response, Compensation and Liability Act of 1980 (or Superfund) priority list and tested for their ability to modulate transcriptional activation of an estrogen-responsive reporter gene in transfected HeLa cells. In these assays, HeLa cells cotransfected with an expression vector encoding estrogen receptor and an estrogen-responsive chloramphenicol acetyltransferase (CAT) reporter plasmid were dosed with and without selected environmental chemicals either individually or in defined combinations. Estradiol consistently elicited 10- to 23-fold dose-dependent inductions in this assay. By contrast, all six of the organochlorine pesticides showed no detectable dose-related response when tested either individually or in binary combinations. Thus, these chemicals as binary mixtures do not exhibit any additional estrogenicity at the levels tested in these assays. In the second study, arsenic [As(V)], cadmium [Cd(II)], chromium [Cr(III, VI)], and lead [Pb(II)] were tested in a commercially developed assay system, CAT-Tox (L), to identify metal-responsive promoters and to determine whether the pattern of gene expression changed with a mixture of these metals. This assay employs a battery of recombinant HepG2 cell lines to test the transcriptional activation capacity of xenobiotics in any of 13 different signal-transduction pathways. Singly, As(V), Cd(II), Cr(III, VI), and Pb(II) produced complex induction profiles in these assays. However, no evidence of synergistic activity was detected with a mixture of Cd(II), Cr(III), and Pb(II). These results have shown metal activation of gene expression through several previously unreported signal-transduction pathways and thus suggest new directions for future studies into their biochemical mechanisms of toxicity. In conclusion, the (italic)in vitro(/italic) methods used in these studies provide insights into complex interactions that occur in cellular systems and could be used to identify biomarkers of exposure to other environmental chemical mixtures. JF - Environmental health perspectives AU - Mumtaz, M M AU - Tully, D B AU - El-Masri, H A AU - De Rosa, C T AD - Agency for Toxic Substances and Disease Registry, U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, Atlanta, Georgia, USA. mgm4@cdc.gov Y1 - 2002/12// PY - 2002 DA - December 2002 SP - 947 EP - 956 VL - 110 Suppl 6 SN - 0091-6765, 0091-6765 KW - Biomarkers KW - 0 KW - Hydrocarbons, Chlorinated KW - Insecticides KW - Metals, Heavy KW - Receptors, Estrogen KW - Chloramphenicol O-Acetyltransferase KW - EC 2.3.1.28 KW - Index Medicus KW - Liver Neoplasms -- pathology KW - Drug Interactions KW - Tumor Cells, Cultured KW - Chloramphenicol O-Acetyltransferase -- biosynthesis KW - HeLa Cells KW - Humans KW - Chloramphenicol O-Acetyltransferase -- pharmacology KW - Carcinoma, Hepatocellular -- pathology KW - Toxicity Tests -- methods KW - Transcriptional Activation KW - Signal Transduction KW - Insecticides -- adverse effects KW - Gene Expression Profiling KW - Receptors, Estrogen -- drug effects KW - Gene Expression Regulation -- drug effects KW - Receptors, Estrogen -- physiology KW - Metals, Heavy -- adverse effects UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/72863749?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Environmental+health+perspectives&rft.atitle=Gene+induction+studies+and+toxicity+of+chemical+mixtures.&rft.au=Mumtaz%2C+M+M%3BTully%2C+D+B%3BEl-Masri%2C+H+A%3BDe+Rosa%2C+C+T&rft.aulast=Mumtaz&rft.aufirst=M&rft.date=2002-12-01&rft.volume=110+Suppl+6&rft.issue=&rft.spage=947&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Environmental+health+perspectives&rft.issn=00916765&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 2003-05-06 N1 - Date created - 2003-03-13 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - SuppNotes - Cited By: Toxicol Sci. 2000 Apr;54(2):277-83 [10774809] Environ Health Perspect. 1998 Dec;106 Suppl 6:1271-80 [9860881] Toxicol Appl Pharmacol. 2000 Oct 15;168(2):79-90 [11032763] Anal Biochem. 1976 May 7;72:248-54 [942051] Environ Res. 1978 Jul;16(1-3):131-8 [79483] Life Sci. 1980 Sep 22;27(12):1111-7 [7421403] J Immunol Methods. 1983 Dec 16;65(1-2):55-63 [6606682] Cell. 1984 May;37(1):263-72 [6327055] Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1985 Oct;82(19):6455-9 [3931075] J Biol Chem. 1986 Feb 5;261(4):1935-40 [3003089] Nature. 1988 Jul 28;334(6180):314-9 [2839774] Mol Cell Biol. 1988 Nov;8(11):4736-44 [3211126] Mol Cell Biol. 1988 Aug;8(8):3526-31 [3145412] Cancer Res. 1989 Apr 1;49(7):1687-92 [2466559] Mol Cell Biol. 1989 Jun;9(6):2378-86 [2548080] Mol Cell Biol. 1989 Oct;9(10):4196-203 [2573827] Biochem Biophys Res Commun. 1990 Feb 14;166(3):1429-34 [2154980] Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1990 May;87(10):3826-30 [2160079] Biochim Biophys Acta. 1991 Apr 16;1072(1):63-80 [2018779] J Cell Physiol. 1991 Jul;148(1):68-74 [1907289] Mol Cell Biol. 1991 Nov;11(11):5612-23 [1656235] Cancer Res. 1991 Dec 1;51(23 Pt 1):6304-11 [1933891] Cancer Res. 1992 Jan 1;52(1):5-10 [1727386] Biochim Biophys Acta. 1991 Dec 10;1072(2-3):129-57 [1751545] Methods Enzymol. 1991;206:409-20 [1784226] FASEB J. 1992 Jan 6;6(2):706-10 [1537460] Bull Environ Contam Toxicol. 1992 Jan;48(1):125-30 [1581669] Gene. 1992 Jul 15;116(2):259-67 [1339368] Cell. 1992 Aug 21;70(4):523-6 [1505019] Annu Rev Biophys Biomol Struct. 1992;21:293-322 [1525471] Crit Rev Oncog. 1992;3(4):321-38 [1329990] Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1993 Jan 1;90(1):30-4 [8380496] Toxicology. 1993 Jan 29;77(1-2):145-56 [8442010] J Biol Chem. 1993 Jun 5;268(16):11475-8 [8505281] Mol Cell Biol. 1993 Jul;13(7):4242-50 [8321226] Mol Cell Biol. 1993 Sep;13(9):5427-38 [8355691] Biometals. 1993 Summer;6(2):133-8 [8358207] Toxicology. 1993 Jul 28;81(2):155-64 [8378941] J Biol Chem. 1993 Nov 15;268(32):24385-93 [8226988] J Toxicol Environ Health. 1994 Feb;41(2):233-45 [8301701] Toxicol Appl Pharmacol. 1994 May;126(1):1-5 [8184419] Toxicol Lett. 1995 Sep;79(1-3):1-316 [7570645] Carcinogenesis. 1995 Oct;16(10):2401-5 [7586142] Kidney Int. 1995 Aug;48(2):383-9 [7564105] Free Radic Biol Med. 1995 Dec;19(6):805-12 [8582653] Fundam Appl Toxicol. 1995 Nov;28(1):118-28 [8566476] Environ Health Perspect. 1995 Oct;103 Suppl 7:113-22 [8593856] Steroids. 1996 Nov;61(11):642-6 [8916358] Environ Health Perspect. 1996 Dec;104(12):1296-300 [9118870] Endocrinology. 1997 Apr;138(4):1520-7 [9075711] Food Chem Toxicol. 1996 Nov-Dec;34(11-12):1163-5 [9119332] Environ Health Perspect. 1997 Mar;105(3):294-301 [9171990] Biochem Pharmacol. 1997 Apr 25;53(8):1161-72 [9175721] Toxicol Appl Pharmacol. 1997 Jun;144(2):247-61 [9194408] Biochem Pharmacol. 1997 May 15;53(10):1425-34 [9260869] Regul Toxicol Pharmacol. 1997 Aug;26(1 Pt 2):S35-41 [9380836] Environ Health Perspect. 1998 Feb;106 Suppl 1:297-300 [9539022] Carcinogenesis. 1998 Aug;19(8):1401-7 [9744536] Reprod Toxicol. 2000 Mar-Apr;14(2):95-102 [10825672] N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Use of HIV postexposure prophylaxis by dental health care personnel: an overview and updated recommendations. AN - 72805256; 12512659 AB - The authors conducted a study on the use of postexposure prophylaxis, or PEP, for exposure to human immunodeficiency virus, or HIV, among dental health care personnel, or DHCP, enrolled in a surveillance system established by the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, or CDC. They also discuss updated U.S. Public Health Service, or USPHS, recommendations for managing occupational exposures to HIV, as well as considerations for dentistry. The authors analyzed occupational exposures reported by DHCP to the CDC to describe characteristics of the exposure (for example, type and severity), the source patient's HIV status and use of PEP. From June 1995 through August 2001, DHCP reported 208 exposures--199 percutaneous injuries, six mucous membrane exposures and three skin exposures--to the CDC. One-third of these percutaneous injuries were caused by small-bore hollow syringe needles, and most (66 percent) were moderate in depth. Nearly half the devices involved (46 percent) were visibly bloody at the time of injury. Per the criteria described in USPHS guidelines, one-half of the injuries were categorized as "less severe." Twenty-four (13 percent) known source patients were HIV-positive; 14 had symptomatic HIV infection or a high viral load. In this study, three in four DHCP exposed to an HIV-positive source warranted a three-drug PEP regimen. Twenty-nine (24 percent) DHCP exposed to a source patient who subsequently was found to be HIV-negative took PEP; six took PEP for five to 29 days. No exposures resulted in HIV infection. Findings of this study are consistent with earlier reports indicating that the risk of HIV transmission in dental settings is low. Strategies such as rapid HIV testing of source patients and follow-up counseling may reduce unnecessary use of PEP. Dental practices should develop comprehensive, written programs for preventing and managing occupational exposures to blood. JF - Journal of the American Dental Association (1939) AU - Cleveland, Jennifer L AU - Barker, Laurie AU - Gooch, Barbara F AU - Beltrami, Elise M AU - Cardo, Denise AU - National Surveillance System for Health Care Workers Group of the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention AD - Division of Oral Health, National Center for Chronic Disease Prevention and Health Promotion, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Chamblee, GA 30341, USA. jlcleveland@cdc.gov ; National Surveillance System for Health Care Workers Group of the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention Y1 - 2002/12// PY - 2002 DA - December 2002 SP - 1619 EP - 1626 VL - 133 IS - 12 SN - 0002-8177, 0002-8177 KW - Anti-HIV Agents KW - 0 KW - Dentistry KW - Index Medicus KW - United States Public Health Service KW - Equipment Contamination KW - Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (U.S.) KW - Humans KW - Anti-HIV Agents -- administration & dosage KW - Needlestick Injuries -- epidemiology KW - Population Surveillance KW - Viral Load KW - Needlestick Injuries -- classification KW - Anti-HIV Agents -- therapeutic use KW - Risk Factors KW - HIV Seropositivity -- classification KW - Statistics as Topic KW - HIV Seronegativity KW - United States -- epidemiology KW - HIV Seropositivity -- epidemiology KW - Occupational Exposure -- statistics & numerical data KW - Dental Auxiliaries KW - HIV Infections -- transmission KW - Occupational Exposure -- classification KW - HIV Infections -- prevention & control KW - Dentists KW - Infectious Disease Transmission, Patient-to-Professional -- prevention & control UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/72805256?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+the+American+Dental+Association+%281939%29&rft.atitle=Use+of+HIV+postexposure+prophylaxis+by+dental+health+care+personnel%3A+an+overview+and+updated+recommendations.&rft.au=Cleveland%2C+Jennifer+L%3BBarker%2C+Laurie%3BGooch%2C+Barbara+F%3BBeltrami%2C+Elise+M%3BCardo%2C+Denise%3BNational+Surveillance+System+for+Health+Care+Workers+Group+of+the+Centers+for+Disease+Control+and+Prevention&rft.aulast=Cleveland&rft.aufirst=Jennifer&rft.date=2002-12-01&rft.volume=133&rft.issue=12&rft.spage=1619&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+the+American+Dental+Association+%281939%29&rft.issn=00028177&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 2003-06-18 N1 - Date created - 2003-01-06 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Occupational injury prevention research: progress and priorities. AN - 72728703; 12460949 AB - The twentieth century witnessed remarkable reductions in the number and rate of occupational fatalities and injuries. However, many preventable injuries and deaths still occur. Barriers to progress in occupational injury prevention are discussed, along with strategies for overcoming them. In mining, the frequency of death has dramatically declined over the century. The latest figures from the BLS indicate that less than 6000 worker deaths from injury occurred in 2000. Catastrophic events have prompted increased attention, resources, and action on workplace hazards and risks, resulting in sweeping changes, including new protective laws. Science based approaches to prevention have contributed to progress. Multidisciplinary collaboration among injury prevention researchers, and collaboration and cooperation among multiple sectors, have improved the relevance and application of injury prevention research and development. Barriers to further progress include lack of evaluation of the effectiveness of prevention strategies and technologies, including cost effectiveness; lack of widespread implementation of known, effective prevention; and lack of efficient transfer and implementation of prevention knowledge and products to the workplace. Evaluation and implementation of prevention efforts are most successfully achieved in partnership between researchers and the industry at risk, which requires outreach efforts on the part of the occupational research community. JF - Injury prevention : journal of the International Society for Child and Adolescent Injury Prevention AU - Stout, N A AU - Linn, H I AD - Division of Safety Research, National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, 1095 Willowdale Road, Morgantown, West Virginia 26505, USA. nas5@cdc.gov Y1 - 2002/12// PY - 2002 DA - December 2002 SP - IV9 EP - I14 VL - 8 Suppl 4 SN - 1353-8047, 1353-8047 KW - Index Medicus KW - Occupational Health -- legislation & jurisprudence KW - Survival Rate KW - Humans KW - Mortality -- trends KW - Forecasting KW - Research KW - Health Policy KW - Accident Prevention KW - Accidents, Occupational -- prevention & control KW - Accidents, Occupational -- mortality UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/72728703?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Injury+prevention+%3A+journal+of+the+International+Society+for+Child+and+Adolescent+Injury+Prevention&rft.atitle=Occupational+injury+prevention+research%3A+progress+and+priorities.&rft.au=Stout%2C+N+A%3BLinn%2C+H+I&rft.aulast=Stout&rft.aufirst=N&rft.date=2002-12-01&rft.volume=8+Suppl+4&rft.issue=&rft.spage=IV9&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Injury+prevention+%3A+journal+of+the+International+Society+for+Child+and+Adolescent+Injury+Prevention&rft.issn=13538047&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 2003-03-26 N1 - Date created - 2002-12-03 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Methods of assessing neurobehavioral development in children exposed to methyl parathion in Mississippi and Ohio. AN - 21267875; 11702309 AB - Methyl parathion (MP), an organophosphate pesticide, was sprayed illegally for pest control in U.S. residences and businesses in Mississippi and Ohio. To evaluate the association between MP exposure and neurobehavioral development, children 6 years of age or younger at the time of the spraying and local comparison groups of unexposed children were assessed using the pediatric environmental neurobehavioral test battery (PENTB). The PENTB is composed of informant-based procedures (parent interview and questionnaires) and performance-based procedures (neurobehavioral tests for children 4 years of age or older) that evaluate each of the four broad domains (cognitive, motor, sensory, and affect) essential to neurobehavioral assessment. Children were classified as exposed or unexposed using urinary p-nitrophenol (PNP) levels and environmental wipe samples for MP. Exposure was defined as a urinary PNP level of greater than or equal to 100 ppb for the child or any other individual living in the household. Environmental wipe sample levels of greater than or equal to 150 g MP/100 cm2 and greater than or equal to 132.9 g MP/100 cm2 were used to define MP exposure for children living in Mississippi and Ohio, respectively. The PENTB was first administered in summer 1999 (year 1). The PENTB was readministered in summer 2000 (year 2) to children who participated in year 1 of the study. A description of the methods used in the study are presented. Results of data analyses for both years of the study will be presented in a separate publication. JF - Environmental Health Perspectives AU - Zeitz, Perri AU - Kakolewski, Kirsten AU - Imtiaz, Rubina AU - Kaye, Wendy AD - Epidemiology and Surveillance Branch, Division of Health Studies, Agency for Toxic Substances and Disease Registry, Atlanta Georgia, USA., afp4@cdc.gov Y1 - 2002/12// PY - 2002 DA - Dec 2002 SP - 1079 EP - 1083 PB - US Government Printing Office, Superintendent of Documents, P.O. Box 371954 Pittsburgh PA 15250-7954 USA VL - 110 IS - Suppl 6 SN - 0091-6765, 0091-6765 KW - CSA Neurosciences Abstracts; Environment Abstracts KW - Inventories KW - Pesticides (organophosphorus) KW - Age KW - Data processing KW - Organophosphates KW - Pediatrics KW - p-Nitrophenol KW - Pest control KW - Children KW - Spraying KW - households KW - Urine KW - Cognitive ability KW - Neurotoxicity KW - USA, Mississippi KW - Geriatrics KW - summer KW - Methyl parathion KW - USA, Ohio KW - Parathion KW - N3 11028:Neuropharmacology & toxicology KW - ENA 02:Toxicology & Environmental Safety UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/21267875?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aenvabstractsmodule&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Environmental+Health+Perspectives&rft.atitle=Methods+of+assessing+neurobehavioral+development+in+children+exposed+to+methyl+parathion+in+Mississippi+and+Ohio.&rft.au=Zeitz%2C+Perri%3BKakolewski%2C+Kirsten%3BImtiaz%2C+Rubina%3BKaye%2C+Wendy&rft.aulast=Zeitz&rft.aufirst=Perri&rft.date=2002-12-01&rft.volume=110&rft.issue=Suppl+6&rft.spage=1079&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Environmental+Health+Perspectives&rft.issn=00916765&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2010-01-01 N1 - Last updated - 2015-03-31 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Pesticides (organophosphorus); Inventories; Age; Data processing; Pediatrics; Cognitive ability; Geriatrics; p-Nitrophenol; Pest control; Methyl parathion; Spraying; Children; households; Organophosphates; Urine; Neurotoxicity; summer; Parathion; USA, Mississippi; USA, Ohio ER - TY - JOUR T1 - An investigation of unexplained infant deaths in houses contaminated with methyl parathion. AN - 21251204; 11702307 AB - In Lorain County, Ohio, unexplained infant deaths in homes sprayed with methyl parathion (MP), an organophosphate (OP) pesticide, prompted an investigation to determine whether infants living in treated homes are at higher risk for unexplained death. A case was defined as any death of an infant (12 months of age) in Lorain County between 1 January 1990 and 31 December 1994, attributed to sudden infant death syndrome (SIDS) or other unknown natural causes. For each case infant, birth certificate data were used to identify two control infants matched with regard to date of birth, sex, city of residence, and maternal race and educational level. Wipe samples from the home address listed on the birth certificate of control infants or the death certificate of case infants were analyzed for MP. Birth certificates provided additional risk factor information. The relationship between MP contamination and unexplained death was analyzed by exact conditional logistic regression. Wipe samples were collected from the residences of 34 case infants and 72 control infants. MP (>0.02 mg/100 cm2) was detected in five homes, three of which had been occupied by case infants. Case infants were 4.6 times more likely than control infants to have lived in MP-treated homes, but the confidence interval (CI) was wide (95% CI: 0.2, 274.7) and included 1. Maternal smoking, young maternal age, and the presence of other siblings in the family were each independently predictive of case status. In a multivariate model adjusting for these other variables and the matching variables, the estimated risk associated with MP exposure was 13.0 (95% CI: 0.2, 2,685.0). Although this association was not statistically significant and should be interpreted cautiously, it suggests an increased risk for unexplained death among infants living in MP-contaminated homes. The relationship between children's health and exposure to OP pesticides including MP should be evaluated further. JF - Environmental Health Perspectives AU - Wasley, Annemarie AU - Lepine, Lisa A AU - Jenkins, Roland AU - Rubin, Carol AD - Division of Viral Hepatitis, National Center for Infectious Diseases, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia, USA., acw5@cdc.gov Y1 - 2002/12// PY - 2002 DA - Dec 2002 SP - 1053 EP - 1056 PB - US Government Printing Office, Superintendent of Documents, P.O. Box 371954 Pittsburgh PA 15250-7954 USA VL - 110 IS - Suppl 6 SN - 0091-6765, 0091-6765 KW - Pollution Abstracts; Risk Abstracts; Environment Abstracts; Health & Safety Science Abstracts KW - Mortality KW - Age KW - USA, Ohio, Lorain Cty. KW - Housing KW - Organophosphates KW - Children KW - siblings KW - Smoking KW - Pesticides KW - Residential areas KW - USA, Ohio KW - Urban areas KW - sudden infant death syndrome KW - Parathion KW - Infants KW - H 5000:Pesticides KW - R2 23060:Medical and environmental health KW - P 6000:TOXICOLOGY AND HEALTH KW - ENA 02:Toxicology & Environmental Safety UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/21251204?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Ariskabstracts&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Environmental+Health+Perspectives&rft.atitle=An+investigation+of+unexplained+infant+deaths+in+houses+contaminated+with+methyl+parathion.&rft.au=Wasley%2C+Annemarie%3BLepine%2C+Lisa+A%3BJenkins%2C+Roland%3BRubin%2C+Carol&rft.aulast=Wasley&rft.aufirst=Annemarie&rft.date=2002-12-01&rft.volume=110&rft.issue=Suppl+6&rft.spage=1053&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Environmental+Health+Perspectives&rft.issn=00916765&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2010-01-01 N1 - Last updated - 2015-03-31 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Mortality; Age; Housing; Organophosphates; siblings; Children; Smoking; Pesticides; Residential areas; Infants; Parathion; sudden infant death syndrome; Urban areas; USA, Ohio, Lorain Cty.; USA, Ohio ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Effect of follow-up time on risk estimates: A longitudinal examination of the relative risks of leukemia and multiple myeloma in a rubber hydrochloride cohort AN - 18882445; 5725418 AB - Background Choice of follow-up time for an occupational cohort can influence risk estimates. We examined the effects of follow-up time on relative risk estimates for leukemia and multiple myeloma in a cohort of 1,845 rubber hydrochloride workers. Materials and Methods We generated standardized mortality ratios (SMRs) for yearly follow-ups, beginning each study in 1940 and increasing study end dates from 1950 through 1996. We used Cox proportional hazards modeling to explore the effects of follow-up time on the exposure-response relationship. Results The SMR for leukemia rose to 13.55 in 1961 and fell nearly monotonically to 2.47 by 1996. Cox modeling suggested interaction between cumulative exposure and time since exposure. A longer time to peak risk was seen for multiple myeloma. Conclusions Because summary risk estimates change with follow-up time, exposure limits set using these estimates may not adequately protect workers. Consideration of appropriate follow-up time and use of more complex temporal models are critical to the risk assessment process. JF - American Journal of Industrial Medicine AU - Silver AU - Rinsky, R A AU - Cooper, S P AU - Hornung, R W AU - Lai, D AD - Division of Surveillance, National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, Hazard Evaluations and Field Studies, 4676 Columbia Parkway, MS R-44, Cincinnati, OH 45226, USA, ZRE4@cdc.gov Y1 - 2002/12// PY - 2002 DA - Dec 2002 SP - 481 EP - 489 VL - 42 IS - 6 SN - 0271-3586, 0271-3586 KW - man KW - rubber hydrochloride KW - Toxicology Abstracts KW - X 24152:Chronic exposure UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/18882445?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxicologyabstracts&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=American+Journal+of+Industrial+Medicine&rft.atitle=Effect+of+follow-up+time+on+risk+estimates%3A+A+longitudinal+examination+of+the+relative+risks+of+leukemia+and+multiple+myeloma+in+a+rubber+hydrochloride+cohort&rft.au=Silver%3BRinsky%2C+R+A%3BCooper%2C+S+P%3BHornung%2C+R+W%3BLai%2C+D&rft.aulast=Silver&rft.aufirst=&rft.date=2002-12-01&rft.volume=42&rft.issue=6&rft.spage=481&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=American+Journal+of+Industrial+Medicine&rft.issn=02713586&rft_id=info:doi/10.1002%2Fajim.10139 LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ajim.10139 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Significance of radiation exposure from work-related chest X-rays for epidemiological studies of radiation workers AN - 18882403; 5725419 AB - Background Previous epidemiologic studies of workers at nuclear weapons facilities have not included X-ray exposures as part of the occupational radiation exposure. The research objective was to determine the contribution of work-related chest X-ray (WRX) exposure relative to teh cumulative occupational radiation exposure. Methods Cases and controls were identified from a cohort of workers whose employment began as early as 1943. Medical records for 297 subjects were used to determine the bone marrow dose from their X-ray examinations. Individual dose data, however, were only available for 45 workers. Bone marrow dose estimates were calculated by converting the entrance-skin-exposure (from X-ray procedures) and occupational exposure (from monitoring data) to dose. Results Stereoscopic photofluorography delivered a bone marrow dose nearly 100 times that delivered by today's chest X-ray technique. Photofluorography was the predominant radiation source during the 1940s and 1950s. The cumulative WRX dose was, on average, 50 times their occupational doses. No correlation between occupational and WRX dose was found, but may be due to the small study size and incomplete dose data. Conclusions These findings illustrate the importance of including WRX doses in retrospective epidemiological studies of radiation workers, especially if photofluorographic chest X-rays were performed and occupational exposure to ionizing radiation is low. JF - American Journal of Industrial Medicine AU - Cardarelli, J AU - Spitz, H AU - Rice, C AU - Buncher, R AU - Elson, H AU - Succop, P AD - National Institute for Occupational Safety & Health, Robert A Taft Laboratories (R-11), Hazard Evaluation, Technical assistance Branch 4676 Columbia Parkway, Cincinnati, Ohio 45226-1998, USA, jcardarelli@cdc.gov Y1 - 2002/12// PY - 2002 DA - Dec 2002 SP - 490 EP - 501 VL - 42 IS - 6 SN - 0271-3586, 0271-3586 KW - man KW - nuclear weapons facilities KW - Toxicology Abstracts KW - X 24210:Radiation & radioactive materials UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/18882403?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxicologyabstracts&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=American+Journal+of+Industrial+Medicine&rft.atitle=Significance+of+radiation+exposure+from+work-related+chest+X-rays+for+epidemiological+studies+of+radiation+workers&rft.au=Cardarelli%2C+J%3BSpitz%2C+H%3BRice%2C+C%3BBuncher%2C+R%3BElson%2C+H%3BSuccop%2C+P&rft.aulast=Cardarelli&rft.aufirst=J&rft.date=2002-12-01&rft.volume=42&rft.issue=6&rft.spage=490&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=American+Journal+of+Industrial+Medicine&rft.issn=02713586&rft_id=info:doi/10.1002%2Fajim.10137 LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ajim.10137 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Measurement of p-Nitrophenol in the Urine of Residents Whose Homes Were Contaminated with Methyl Parathion AN - 18792104; 5662094 AB - During the last several years, illegal commercial application of methyl parathion (MP) in domestic settings in several U.S. Southeastern and Midwestern States has affected largely innercity residents. As part of a multiagency response involving the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (U.S. EPA), the Agency for Toxic Substances and Disease Registry (ATSDR), and state and local health departments, our laboratory developed a rapid, high-throughput, selective method for quantifying p-nitrophenol (PNP), a biomarker of MP exposure, using isotope dilution high-performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry. We measured PNP in approximately 16,000 samples collected from residents of seven different states. Using this method, we were able to receive sample batches from each state; prepare, analyze, and quantify the samples for PNP; verify the results; and report the data to the health departments and ATSDR in about 48 hr. These data indicate that many residents had urinary PNP concentrations well in excess of those of the general U.S. population. In fact, their urinary PNP concentrations were more consistent with those seen in occupational settings or in poisoning cases. Although these data, when coupled with other MP metabolite data, suggest that many residents with the highest concentrations of urinary PNP had significant exposure to MP, they do not unequivocally rule out exposure to PNP resulting from environmental degradation of MP. Even with their limitations, these data were used with the assumption that all PNP was derived from MP exposure, which enabled the U.S. EPA and ATSDR to develop a comprehensive, biologically driven response that was protective of human health, especially susceptible populations, and included clinical evaluations, outreach activities, community education, integrated pest management, and decontamination of homes. JF - Environmental Health Perspectives AU - Barr, D B AU - Turner, W E AU - DiPietro, E AU - McClure, P C AU - Baker, SE AU - Barr, J R AU - Gehle, K AU - Grissom, RE Jr AU - Bravo, R AU - Driskell, W J AU - Patterson, DG Jr AU - Hill, RH Jr AU - Needham, L L AU - Pirkle, J L AU - Sampson, E J AD - 4770 Buford Highway, MS F-17, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA, dbarr@cdc.gov Y1 - 2002/12// PY - 2002 DA - Dec 2002 SP - 1085 EP - 1091 VL - 110 SN - 0091-6765, 0091-6765 KW - man KW - Toxicology Abstracts KW - X 24136:Environmental impact UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/18792104?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxicologyabstracts&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Environmental+Health+Perspectives&rft.atitle=Measurement+of+p-Nitrophenol+in+the+Urine+of+Residents+Whose+Homes+Were+Contaminated+with+Methyl+Parathion&rft.au=Barr%2C+D+B%3BTurner%2C+W+E%3BDiPietro%2C+E%3BMcClure%2C+P+C%3BBaker%2C+SE%3BBarr%2C+J+R%3BGehle%2C+K%3BGrissom%2C+RE+Jr%3BBravo%2C+R%3BDriskell%2C+W+J%3BPatterson%2C+DG+Jr%3BHill%2C+RH+Jr%3BNeedham%2C+L+L%3BPirkle%2C+J+L%3BSampson%2C+E+J&rft.aulast=Barr&rft.aufirst=D&rft.date=2002-12-01&rft.volume=110&rft.issue=&rft.spage=1085&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Environmental+Health+Perspectives&rft.issn=00916765&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Assessment of Human Exposure and Human Health Effects after Indoor Application of Methyl Parathion in Lorain County, Ohio, 1995-1996 AN - 18790439; 5662087 AB - In January 1995 the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency declared methyl parathion-contaminated homes in Lorain County, Ohio, as a Superfund cleanup site. During the 2-year cleanup, the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention in collaboration with county and city health officials conducted a study of exposure and health effects among residents. We administered 254 household and 747 individual questionnaires; urine analysis for p-nitrophenol (PNP, a metabolite of methyl parathion) was available for 626 participants. We also reviewed medical records of 49 people who were hospitalized or died after their homes were sprayed. People living in homes sprayed 100 ppb PNP), but even people living in homes sprayed more than a year previously appeared to be highly exposed (8.5% > 100 ppb PNP). The National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey reference range is 0-63 ppb. Median detectable PNP levels among children younger than 3 years of age were 93.9 ppb compared with 41.6 ppb among people older than 3 years. Younger children appeared to be at greatest risk of exposure. In none of the medical records that we reviewed did a health care provider consider pesticide poisoning as a potential etiology. JF - Environmental Health Perspectives AU - Rubin, C AU - Esteban, E AU - Kieszak, S AU - Hill, RH Jr AU - Dunlop, B AU - Yacovac, R AU - Trottier, J AU - Boylan, K AU - Tomasewski, T AU - Pearce, K AD - Health Studies Branch, National Center for Environmental Health, CDC, 1600 Clifton Rd., NE, Mailstop E-23, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA, crubin@cdc.gov Y1 - 2002/12// PY - 2002 DA - Dec 2002 SP - 1047 EP - 1051 VL - 110 SN - 0091-6765, 0091-6765 KW - exposure KW - man KW - methyl parathion KW - Health & Safety Science Abstracts; Toxicology Abstracts; Pollution Abstracts KW - H 12000:Epidemiology and Public Health KW - P 6000:TOXICOLOGY AND HEALTH KW - X 24136:Environmental impact UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/18790439?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxicologyabstracts&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Environmental+Health+Perspectives&rft.atitle=Assessment+of+Human+Exposure+and+Human+Health+Effects+after+Indoor+Application+of+Methyl+Parathion+in+Lorain+County%2C+Ohio%2C+1995-1996&rft.au=Rubin%2C+C%3BEsteban%2C+E%3BKieszak%2C+S%3BHill%2C+RH+Jr%3BDunlop%2C+B%3BYacovac%2C+R%3BTrottier%2C+J%3BBoylan%2C+K%3BTomasewski%2C+T%3BPearce%2C+K&rft.aulast=Rubin&rft.aufirst=C&rft.date=2002-12-01&rft.volume=110&rft.issue=&rft.spage=1047&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Environmental+Health+Perspectives&rft.issn=00916765&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Analysis of Environmental and Biologic Methyl Parathion Data to Improve Future Data Collection AN - 18786614; 5662091 AB - The Agency for Toxic Substances and Disease Registry analyzed concurrently collected data on environmental methyl parathion (MP) and urinary p-nitrophenol (PNP) at the request of the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (U.S. EPA). The purpose of the analysis was to assess whether individuals' age or level of residential MP contamination might predict their urinary PNP level. Unlicensed pesticide applicators had sprayed residences in Mississippi with MP, which is approved as a pesticide only for outdoor agricultural use. Data were received from Mississippi for MP wipe sample levels for 409 homes and urinary PNP levels for 929 residents of the residences sampled. In addition to descriptive and bivariate analyses, ordinal logistic regression was performed after categorizing the data. Interpretation of results was limited by several identified data gaps and pre-existing data-quality issues. On the basis of the lessons learned from identified data gaps, specific recommendations were made to the U.S. EPA for improving future data collection methods for more meaningful exposure assessment in similar environmental contaminations. The recommended changes were successfully incorporated in subsequent data collected by other states that had experienced similar residential MP spraying. JF - Environmental Health Perspectives AU - Imtiaz, R AU - Haugh, G AD - Program Development Branch, Division of International Health, Epidemiology Program Office, CDC, 4770 Buford Highway, MS K-72, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA, rxi0@cdc.gov Y1 - 2002/12// PY - 2002 DA - Dec 2002 SP - 1071 EP - 1074 VL - 110 SN - 0091-6765, 0091-6765 KW - biomarkers KW - data analysis KW - man KW - Toxicology Abstracts KW - X 24136:Environmental impact UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/18786614?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxicologyabstracts&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Environmental+Health+Perspectives&rft.atitle=Analysis+of+Environmental+and+Biologic+Methyl+Parathion+Data+to+Improve+Future+Data+Collection&rft.au=Imtiaz%2C+R%3BHaugh%2C+G&rft.aulast=Imtiaz&rft.aufirst=R&rft.date=2002-12-01&rft.volume=110&rft.issue=&rft.spage=1071&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Environmental+Health+Perspectives&rft.issn=00916765&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Public Health Decisions: The Laboratory's Role in the Lorain County, Ohio, Investigation AN - 18782914; 5662089 AB - In 1994 officials from the Ohio Department of Health reported that some residents of Lorain County, Ohio, possibly had been exposed to methyl parathion (MP), a highly toxic restricted-use pesticide. The U.S. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) assisted in the investigation by providing epidemiologic and laboratory support to the state and local health departments. Although the initial investigation found MP inside the homes, it was unclear if the residents were exposed. CDC used a new biological monitoring method to measure urinary p-nitrophenol (PNP), the metabolite of MP. This biological monitoring measures the internal dose from exposure to toxic chemicals from all routes. Laboratory analyses demonstrated that the urine of residents contained moderate to high levels of PNP, with median, mean, and highest reported concentrations of 28, 240, and 4,800 mu g/L, respectively, thus confirming exposure of the residents. Almost 80% of the residents had urinary PNP concentrations above the 95 super(th) percentile of the reference range concentrations. This information, combined with other analytical results of air and wipe tests, guided public health officials' decisions about the potential risk in each household. In this article we illustrate the laboratory's role in providing information to assist in making these public health decisions. Furthermore, it illustrates how a multidisciplinary team from various governmental agencies worked together to protect the public's health. JF - Environmental Health Perspectives AU - Hill, RH Jr AU - Head, S AU - Barr, D B AU - Rubin, C AU - Esteban, E AU - Baker, SE AU - Bailey, S AU - Needham, L L AD - CDC, 1600 Clifton Rd. (F05), Atlanta, GA 30333 USA, rhill@cdc.gov Y1 - 2002/12// PY - 2002 DA - Dec 2002 SP - 1057 EP - 1059 VL - 110 SN - 0091-6765, 0091-6765 KW - man KW - Toxicology Abstracts KW - X 24136:Environmental impact UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/18782914?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxicologyabstracts&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Environmental+Health+Perspectives&rft.atitle=Public+Health+Decisions%3A+The+Laboratory%27s+Role+in+the+Lorain+County%2C+Ohio%2C+Investigation&rft.au=Hill%2C+RH+Jr%3BHead%2C+S%3BBarr%2C+D+B%3BRubin%2C+C%3BEsteban%2C+E%3BBaker%2C+SE%3BBailey%2C+S%3BNeedham%2C+L+L&rft.aulast=Hill&rft.aufirst=RH&rft.date=2002-12-01&rft.volume=110&rft.issue=&rft.spage=1057&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Environmental+Health+Perspectives&rft.issn=00916765&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - REACH 2010 Coalitions: Reaching for Ways to Prevent Cardiovascular Disease and Diabetes AN - 18720169; 5599142 AB - Some public health programs make a major impact, and others barely cause a ripple. One program that will surely be remembered for making a difference is the Racial and Ethnic Approaches to Community Health (REACH 2010) demonstration program. REACH 2010 was launched by the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) in 1999 to respond to the Healthy People 2010 goal of eliminating health disparities and the federal initiative to Eliminate Racial and Ethnic Disparities in Health. The federal initiative was created because of the major disparities in health endured by communities of color in the United States even as the health status of most Americans improved. Racial and ethnic groups served by this initiative include African Americans, American Indians/Alaska Natives, Hispanic Americans, Asian Americans, and Pacific Islanders. Because of a myriad of social and economic factors, members of these racial and ethnic groups are likely to have higher rates of morbidity and mortality than whites and poorer health outcomes in general. A recent report by the Institute of Medicine (IOM) noted that this burden often holds regardless of income or educational achievement. JF - Journal of Women's Health AU - Ma'at, I AU - Owens, M AU - Hughes, M AD - REACH 2010 Demonstration Program, National Center for Chronic Disease Prevention and Health Promotion, Division of Adult and Community Health, MS-45, 4770 Buford Highway NE, Atlanta, GA 30341-3724, USA, IMAAT@cdc.gov Y1 - 2002/12// PY - 2002 DA - Dec 2002 SP - 829 EP - 839 VL - 11 IS - 10 SN - 1059-7115, 1059-7115 KW - Physical Education Index KW - PE 030:Exercise, Health & Physical Fitness UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/18720169?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aphysicaleducation&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Women%27s+Health&rft.atitle=REACH+2010+Coalitions%3A+Reaching+for+Ways+to+Prevent+Cardiovascular+Disease+and+Diabetes&rft.au=Ma%27at%2C+I%3BOwens%2C+M%3BHughes%2C+M&rft.aulast=Ma%27at&rft.aufirst=I&rft.date=2002-12-01&rft.volume=11&rft.issue=10&rft.spage=829&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+Women%27s+Health&rft.issn=10597115&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - Physical Education Index N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Is Home Renovation or Repair a Risk Factor for Exposure to Lead Among Children Residing in New York City? AN - 18698252; 5585675 AB - Children can be lead poisoned when leaded paint is disturbed during home renovation or repair. We conducted a case-control study to assess the association between elevated blood lead levels (BLLs) in children younger than 5 years of age and renovation or repair of homes built before 1950 in New York City. In 1998, we interviewed parents of 106 case children (BLLs greater than or equal to 10 mu g/dL) and 159 control children (BLLs less than or equal to 5 mu g/dL) living in selected New York City neighborhoods. We then used logistic regression methods to estimate odds ratios (ORs) for elevated BLLs among children living in housing that had undergone various renovations or repairs in the 6 months before the blood lead test, and we adjusted for age and test month. Case children were only slightly more likely than control children to live in a house that had undergone any renovation (OR = 1.2, 95% confidence interval [95% CI] = 0.7, 2.1). Case children were more likely to (1) live in housing that had interior surfaces prepared for painting, especially by hand sanding (OR = 3.5, 95% CI = 1.1, 10.9; population attributable risk [PAR%] = 10.4%, 95% CI = 0.5%, 19.3%); and (2) have work-created dust throughout their housing unit (OR = 6.3, 95% CI = 1.2, 32.3; PAR% = 6.8%, 95% CI = 0.0%, 13.1%). The risk for excess lead exposure is increased by home renovation or repair work involving interior paint preparation or reported dispersal of dust beyond the work area. The proportion of cases related to this exposure is high enough to merit preventive measures. JF - Journal of Urban Health AU - Reissman, D B AU - Matte, T D AU - Gurnitz, K L AU - Kaufmann, R B AU - Leighton, J AD - CDC/NCID/OD/BPRP, 1600 Clifton Road, Mailstop C-18, Atlanta, GA 30333, USA, dvs7@cdc.gov Y1 - 2002/12// PY - 2002 DA - Dec 2002 SP - 502 EP - 511 VL - 79 IS - 4 SN - 1471-8505, 1471-8505 KW - exposure KW - home renovation KW - man KW - Risk Abstracts; Health & Safety Science Abstracts; Pollution Abstracts; Toxicology Abstracts KW - X 24166:Environmental impact KW - H 14000:Toxicology KW - R2 23060:Medical and environmental health KW - P 6000:TOXICOLOGY AND HEALTH UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/18698252?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Ariskabstracts&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Urban+Health&rft.atitle=Is+Home+Renovation+or+Repair+a+Risk+Factor+for+Exposure+to+Lead+Among+Children+Residing+in+New+York+City%3F&rft.au=Reissman%2C+D+B%3BMatte%2C+T+D%3BGurnitz%2C+K+L%3BKaufmann%2C+R+B%3BLeighton%2C+J&rft.aulast=Reissman&rft.aufirst=D&rft.date=2002-12-01&rft.volume=79&rft.issue=4&rft.spage=502&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+Urban+Health&rft.issn=14718505&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Surveillance of interpersonal violence in Kingston, Jamaica: an evaluation AN - 18684739; 5585232 AB - Injuries are among the leading causes of death in Jamaica. Homicide rates have been sharply increasing since 1991. In 1997, the rate of homicide (45/100 000) in Jamaica was over five times the US rate in 1997 (7.9/100 000). In response to this problem and the alarming increase in non-fatal assaultive injuries, the Jamaican Ministry of Health together with the CDC established a Violence-Related Injury Surveillance System (VRISS) using patient registration data from Kingston Public Hospital. The VRISS was evaluated for usefulness, and for system attributes: system acceptability, simplicity, flexibility, sensitivity, and predictive value positive (PVP). System-identified cases were compared with clinical records and data from direct patient interviews. The surveillance system was flexible, acceptable to clinical staff and Ministry officials, and moderately sensitive, detecting 62% to 69% of violent injuries identified from clinical records and a patient survey. The system's predictive value positive was high, with 86% of potential cases confirmed as actual cases. Although adequate, system sensitivity was reduced by incomplete or no registration of patients during periods of staff shortage. In conclusion, despite some logistic shortcomings, the system appeared promising for collecting limited information on non-fatal interpersonal violent injuries. With modification and expansion, the system may be capable of collecting unintentional-injury data also. JF - Injury Control and Safety Promotion AU - Hasbrouck, L M AU - Durant, T AU - Ward, E AU - Gordon, G AD - CDC-NCIPC, 4770 Buford Highway, NE Mailstop K60, Atlanta, GA 30341-3724, USA, lmh0@cdc.gov Y1 - 2002/12// PY - 2002 DA - Dec 2002 SP - 249 EP - 253 VL - 9 IS - 4 SN - 1566-0974, 1566-0974 KW - homicide KW - Health & Safety Science Abstracts KW - H 11000:Diseases/Injuries/Trauma UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/18684739?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Ahealthsafetyabstracts&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Injury+Control+and+Safety+Promotion&rft.atitle=Surveillance+of+interpersonal+violence+in+Kingston%2C+Jamaica%3A+an+evaluation&rft.au=Hasbrouck%2C+L+M%3BDurant%2C+T%3BWard%2C+E%3BGordon%2C+G&rft.aulast=Hasbrouck&rft.aufirst=L&rft.date=2002-12-01&rft.volume=9&rft.issue=4&rft.spage=249&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Injury+Control+and+Safety+Promotion&rft.issn=15660974&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - An Economic Evaluation of a School-Based Sexually Transmitted Disease Screening Program AN - 18671973; 5575533 AB - Background: A school-based sexually transmitted disease (STD) screening program was implemented in eight New Orleans public high schools to detect chlamydia and gonorrhea. Goal: The goal was to assess the incremental cost-effectiveness of replacing non-school-based screening with the school-based screening program. Study Design: A decision-analysis model was constructed to compare costs and cases of expected pelvic inflammatory disease (PID) in the school-based screening scenario versus a non-school-based screening scenario. Cost-effectiveness was quantified and measured as cost per case of PID prevented. Results: Under base-case assumptions, at an intervention cost of $86,449, the school screening program prevented an estimated 38 cases of PID, as well as $119,866 in treatment costs for PID and its sequelae, resulting in savings of $1524 per case of PID prevented. Results remained cost-saving over a reasonable range of model parameter estimates. Conclusions: The New Orleans school-based chlamydia screening program was cost-effective and cost-saving and could be cost-effective in other settings. School-based screening programs of this type are likely to be a cost-effective use of public funds and can reduce the burden of STDs among adolescents. JF - Sexually Transmitted Diseases AU - Wang, L Y AU - Burstein, G R AU - Cohen, DA AD - Surveillance and Evaluation Research Branch, DASH, NCCDPHP, 4770 Buford Highway, MS K-33, Chamblee, GA 30341, USA, lgw0@cdc.gov Y1 - 2002/12// PY - 2002 DA - Dec 2002 SP - 737 EP - 745 VL - 29 IS - 12 KW - Microbiology Abstracts B: Bacteriology KW - J 02849:Sexually-transmitted diseases UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/18671973?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologyb&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Sexually+Transmitted+Diseases&rft.atitle=An+Economic+Evaluation+of+a+School-Based+Sexually+Transmitted+Disease+Screening+Program&rft.au=Wang%2C+L+Y%3BBurstein%2C+G+R%3BCohen%2C+DA&rft.aulast=Wang&rft.aufirst=L&rft.date=2002-12-01&rft.volume=29&rft.issue=12&rft.spage=737&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Sexually+Transmitted+Diseases&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Motor vehicle and fall related deaths among older Americans 1990-98: sex, race, and ethnic disparities AN - 18665052; 5559657 AB - Objectives: To examine differences in motor vehicle and fall related death rates among older adults by sex, race, and ethnicity. Methods: Annual mortality tapes for 1990-98 provided demographic data including race and ethnicity, date, and cause of death. Trend analyses were conducted using Poisson regression. Results: From 1990-98, overall motor vehicle related death rates remained stable while death rates from unintentional falls increased. Motor vehicle and fall related death rates were higher among men. Motor vehicle related death rates were higher among people of color while fall related death rates were higher among whites. Among whites, fall death rates increased significantly during the study period, with an annual relative increase of 3.6% for men and 3.2% for women. Conclusions: The risk of death from motor vehicle and fall related injuries among older adults differed by sex, race and ethnicity, results obscured by simple age and sex specific death rates. This study found important patterns and disparities in these death rates by race and ethnicity useful for identifying high risk groups and guiding prevention strategies. JF - Injury Prevention AU - Stevens, JA AU - Dellinger, A M AD - National Center for Injury Prevention and Control, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, 4770 Buford Highway NE, Mailstop K-63, Atlanta, GA 30341, USA, jas2@cdc.gov Y1 - 2002/12// PY - 2002 DA - Dec 2002 SP - 272 EP - 275 VL - 8 IS - 4 SN - 1353-8047, 1353-8047 KW - falls KW - prevention KW - Health & Safety Science Abstracts KW - H 11000:Diseases/Injuries/Trauma UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/18665052?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Ahealthsafetyabstracts&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Injury+Prevention&rft.atitle=Motor+vehicle+and+fall+related+deaths+among+older+Americans+1990-98%3A+sex%2C+race%2C+and+ethnic+disparities&rft.au=Stevens%2C+JA%3BDellinger%2C+A+M&rft.aulast=Stevens&rft.aufirst=JA&rft.date=2002-12-01&rft.volume=8&rft.issue=4&rft.spage=272&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Injury+Prevention&rft.issn=13538047&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - A derived association between ambient aerosol surface area and excess mortality using historic time series data AN - 18660527; 5551078 AB - Although aerosol mass concentration is widely associated with ill health following inhalation; there is increasing evidence that it is a poor indicator of fine and ultrafine particle toxicity. Research has indicated that biological response to such particles is closely associated with particulate surface area; although no epidemiology data currently exist to validate the association. By applying a simple model to historic mass-based time series data, we have been able to estimate mortality rate as a function of ambient aerosol surface area. Within the simplifying assumptions of the model, a linear association is indicated between mortality rate and surface area concentration for coalescing particles. The analysis also indicates the existence of a threshold aerosol concentration, below which particulate mass and surface area are linearly related. Below this threshold, we suggest that mass concentration measurements may provide a good indicator of health effects, although for high exposures found in the developing world and industry, the model indicates that aerosol exposure may be more appropriately characterized by surface area. Further experimental validation of the model should establish the applicability of derived relationships between aerosol mass and surface area concentration to ambient and occupational exposures. JF - Atmospheric Environment AU - Maynard, AD AU - Maynard, R L AD - US Department of Health and Human Services, Public Health Service, Centres for Disease Control and Prevention, National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, Division of Applied Research and Technology, 4676 Columbia Parkway, Cincinnati, OH 45226, USA, zel5@cdc.gov Y1 - 2002/12// PY - 2002 DA - Dec 2002 SP - 5561 EP - 5567 VL - 36 IS - 36-37 SN - 1352-2310, 1352-2310 KW - Pollution Abstracts; Health & Safety Science Abstracts; Meteorological & Geoastrophysical Abstracts KW - M2 551.510.42:Air Pollution (551.510.42) KW - H 12000:Epidemiology and Public Health KW - P 6000:TOXICOLOGY AND HEALTH UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/18660527?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Apollution&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Atmospheric+Environment&rft.atitle=A+derived+association+between+ambient+aerosol+surface+area+and+excess+mortality+using+historic+time+series+data&rft.au=Maynard%2C+AD%3BMaynard%2C+R+L&rft.aulast=Maynard&rft.aufirst=AD&rft.date=2002-12-01&rft.volume=36&rft.issue=36-37&rft.spage=5561&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Atmospheric+Environment&rft.issn=13522310&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Coinoculation of Borrelia spp. with Tick Salivary Gland Lysate Enhances Spirochete Load in Mice and Is Tick Species-Specific AN - 18624484; 5543231 AB - C3H/HeN mice were inoculated with 106 spirochetes, either Borrelia burgdorferi strain N40 or the Portuguese strain of B. lusitaniae, PotiB2. Mice receiving spirochetes coinoculated with salivary gland lysate (SGL) demonstrated significantly higher spirochete loads in target organs as measured by quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction. This effect was tick dependent, in that Ixodes ricinus SGL specifically enhanced B. lusitaniae load, whereas I. scapularis SGL specifically increased B. burgdorferi N40 load, but did not significantly affect the dissemination of B. lusitaniae. Protein profile analysis indicated at least 5 major protein differences between I. scapularis and I. ricinus SGL, which can possibly account for this specific tick-spirochete interaction. JF - Journal of Parasitology AU - Zeidner, N S AU - Schneider, B S AU - Nuncio AU - Gern, L AU - Piesman, J AD - Division of Vector-Borne Infectious Diseases, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Fort Collins, Colorado 80522, naz2@cdc.gov Y1 - 2002/12// PY - 2002 DA - Dec 2002 SP - 1276 EP - 1278 PB - American Society of Parasitologists VL - 88 IS - 6 SN - 0022-3395, 0022-3395 KW - Deer tick KW - Ticks KW - lysates KW - mice KW - tick KW - Microbiology Abstracts B: Bacteriology; Entomology Abstracts KW - Z 05206:Medical & veterinary entomology KW - J 02861:Microflora UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/18624484?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologyb&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Parasitology&rft.atitle=Coinoculation+of+Borrelia+spp.+with+Tick+Salivary+Gland+Lysate+Enhances+Spirochete+Load+in+Mice+and+Is+Tick+Species-Specific&rft.au=Zeidner%2C+N+S%3BSchneider%2C+B+S%3BNuncio%3BGern%2C+L%3BPiesman%2C+J&rft.aulast=Zeidner&rft.aufirst=N&rft.date=2002-12-01&rft.volume=88&rft.issue=6&rft.spage=1276&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+Parasitology&rft.issn=00223395&rft_id=info:doi/10.1043%2F0022-3395%282002%29088%281276%3ACOBSWT%292.0.CO%3B2 L2 - http://journals.allenpress.com/jrnlserv/?request=get-abstract&issn=0022-3395&volume=88&page=1276 LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1043/0022-3395(2002)088(1276:COBSWT)2.0.CO;2 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Sequence Diversity of Neisseria meningitidis 16S rRNA Genes and Use of 16S rRNA Gene Sequencing as a Molecular Subtyping Tool AN - 18621115; 5512848 AB - We investigated the diversity of the primary sequences of 16S rRNA genes among Neisseria meningitidis strains (Men) and evaluated the use of this approach as a molecular subtyping tool. We aligned and compared a 1,417-bp fragment of the 16S rRNA gene from 264 Men strains of serogroups A, B, C, and Y (MenA, MenB, MenC, and MenY, respectively) isolated throughout the world over a 30-year period. Thirty-one positions of difference were found among 49 16S types: differences between types ranged from 1 to 14 positions (0.07 to 0.95%). 16S types and serogroups were highly associated; only 3 out 49 16S types were shared by two or more serogroups. We have identified 16S types that are exclusively associated with strains of certain hypervirulent clones: 16S type 5 with MenA subgroup III, 16S type 4 with the MenB electrophoretic type 5 (ET-5) complex, and 16S types 12 and 13 with MenC of the ET-37 complex. For MenC strains, 16S sequencing provided the highest sensitivity and specificity and the best overall association with the outbreak-related versus sporadic isolates when compared with pulsed-field gel electrophoresis, multilocus enzyme electrophoresis, and multilocus sequence typing. We demonstrated for the first time an unexpected diversity among 16S rRNA genes of Men strains, identified 16S types associated with well-defined hypervirulent clones, and showed the potential of this approach to rapidly identify virulent strains associated with outbreaks and/or an increased incidence of sporadic disease. JF - Journal of Clinical Microbiology AU - Sacchi, C T AU - Whitney, A M AU - Reeves, M W AU - Mayer, L W AU - Popovic, T AD - Meningitis and Special Pathogens Branch, Mail stop D-11, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, 1600 Clifton Rd. Atlanta, GA 30333, cls9@cdc.gov Y1 - 2002/12// PY - 2002 DA - Dec 2002 SP - 4520 EP - 4527 VL - 40 IS - 12 SN - 0095-1137, 0095-1137 KW - Microbiology Abstracts B: Bacteriology KW - J 02740:Genetics and evolution UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/18621115?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologyb&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Clinical+Microbiology&rft.atitle=Sequence+Diversity+of+Neisseria+meningitidis+16S+rRNA+Genes+and+Use+of+16S+rRNA+Gene+Sequencing+as+a+Molecular+Subtyping+Tool&rft.au=Sacchi%2C+C+T%3BWhitney%2C+A+M%3BReeves%2C+M+W%3BMayer%2C+L+W%3BPopovic%2C+T&rft.aulast=Sacchi&rft.aufirst=C&rft.date=2002-12-01&rft.volume=40&rft.issue=12&rft.spage=4520&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+Clinical+Microbiology&rft.issn=00951137&rft_id=info:doi/10.1128%2FJCM.40.12.4520-4527.2002 LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/JCM.40.12.4520-4527.2002 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Development of a Real-Time Fluorescence PCR Assay for Rapid Detection of the Diphtheria Toxin Gene AN - 18617675; 5512732 AB - We developed and evaluated a real-time fluorescence PCR assay for detecting the A and B subunits of diphtheria toxin (tox) gene. When 23 toxigenic Corynebacterium diphtheriae strains, 9 nontoxigenic C. diphtheriae strains, and 44 strains representing the diversity of pathogens and normal respiratory flora were tested, this real-time PCR assay exhibited 100% sensitivity and specificity. It allowed for the detection of both subunits of the tox gene at 750 times greater sensitivity (2 CFU) than the standard PCR (1,500 CFU). When used directly on specimens collected from patients with clinical diphtheria, one or both subunits of the tox gene were detected in 34 of 36 specimens by using the real-time PCR assay; only 9 specimens were found to be positive by standard PCR. Reamplification by standard PCR and DNA sequencing of the amplification product confirmed all real-time PCR tox- positive reactions. This real-time PCR format is a more sensitive and rapid alternative to standard PCR for detection of the tox gene in clinical material. JF - Journal of Clinical Microbiology AU - Mothershed, E A AU - Cassiday, P K AU - Pierson, K AU - Mayer, L W AU - Popovic, T AD - Meningitis and Special Pathogens Branch, Division of Bacterial and Mycotic Diseases, National Center for Infectious Diseases, CDC, MS G34, 1600 Clifton Rd., NE, Atlanta, GA 30333, txp1@cdc.gov Y1 - 2002/12// PY - 2002 DA - Dec 2002 SP - 4713 EP - 4719 VL - 40 IS - 12 SN - 0095-1137, 0095-1137 KW - tox gene KW - Microbiology Abstracts B: Bacteriology KW - J 02740:Genetics and evolution UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/18617675?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologyb&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Clinical+Microbiology&rft.atitle=Development+of+a+Real-Time+Fluorescence+PCR+Assay+for+Rapid+Detection+of+the+Diphtheria+Toxin+Gene&rft.au=Mothershed%2C+E+A%3BCassiday%2C+P+K%3BPierson%2C+K%3BMayer%2C+L+W%3BPopovic%2C+T&rft.aulast=Mothershed&rft.aufirst=E&rft.date=2002-12-01&rft.volume=40&rft.issue=12&rft.spage=4713&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+Clinical+Microbiology&rft.issn=00951137&rft_id=info:doi/10.1128%2FJCM.40.12.4713-4719.2002 LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/JCM.40.12.4713-4719.2002 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - GM-CSF Transgene-Based Adjuvant Allows the Establishment of Protective Mucosal Immunity Following Vaccination with Inactivated Chlamydia trachomatis AN - 18611553; 5490369 AB - Cellular and humoral immune responses induced following murine Chlamydia trachomatis infection confer almost sterile protection against homologous reinfection. On the other hand, immunization with inactivated organism induces little protective immunity in this model system. The underlying mechanism(s) that determines such divergent outcome remains unclear, but elucidating the mechanism will probably be important for chlamydial vaccine development. One of the distinct differences between the two forms of immunization is that chlamydia replication in epithelial cells causes the secretion of a variety of proinflammatory cytokines and chemokines, such as GM-CSF, that may mobilize and mature dendritic cells and thereby enhance the induction of protective immunity. Using a murine model of C. trachomatis mouse pneumonitis lung infection and intrapulmonary adenoviral GM-CSF transfection, we demonstrate that the expression of GM-CSF in the airway compartment significantly enhanced systemic Th1 cellular and local IgA immune responses following immunization with inactivated organisms. Importantly, immunized mice had significantly reduced growth of chlamydia and exhibited less severe pulmonary inflammation following challenge infection. The site of GM-CSF transfection proved important, since mice immunized with inactivated organisms after GM-CSF gene transfer by the i.p. route exhibited little protection against pulmonary challenge, although i.p. immunization generated significant levels of systemic Th1 immune responses. The obvious difference between i.p. and intrapulmonary immunization was the absence of lung IgA responses following i.p. vaccination. In aggregate, the findings demonstrate that the local cytokine environment is critical to the induction of protective immunity following chlamydial vaccination and that GM-CSF may be a useful adjuvant for a chlamydial vaccine. JF - Journal of Immunology AU - Lu, H AU - Xing, Z AU - Brunham, R C AD - British Columbia Center for Disease Control and Department of Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada Y1 - 2002/12/01/ PY - 2002 DA - 2002 Dec 01 SP - 6324 EP - 6331 VL - 169 IS - 11 SN - 0022-1767, 0022-1767 KW - mice KW - Microbiology Abstracts B: Bacteriology; Immunology Abstracts KW - F 06801:Bacteria KW - J 02833:Immune response and immune mechanisms UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/18611553?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologyb&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Immunology&rft.atitle=GM-CSF+Transgene-Based+Adjuvant+Allows+the+Establishment+of+Protective+Mucosal+Immunity+Following+Vaccination+with+Inactivated+Chlamydia+trachomatis&rft.au=Lu%2C+H%3BXing%2C+Z%3BBrunham%2C+R+C&rft.aulast=Lu&rft.aufirst=H&rft.date=2002-12-01&rft.volume=169&rft.issue=11&rft.spage=6324&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+Immunology&rft.issn=00221767&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Effectiveness of Sobriety Checkpoints for Reducing Alcohol-Involved Crashes AN - 18568010; 5537531 AB - The goal of sobriety checkpoints is to deter drinking and driving by systematically stopping drivers for assessment of alcohol impairment, thus increasing the perceived risk of arrest for alcohol-impaired driving. This review examines the effectiveness of random breath testing (RBT) checkpoints, at which all drivers stopped are given breath tests for blood alcohol levels, and selective breath testing (SBT) checkpoints, at which police must have reason to suspect the driver has been drinking before demanding a breath test. A systematic review of the effectiveness of sobriety checkpoints in reducing alcohol-involved crashes and associated injuries and fatalities was conducted using the methodology developed for the Guide to Community Preventive Services (Community Guide). Substantial reductions in crashes were observed for both checkpoint types across various outcome measures and time periods. Results suggest that both RBT and SBT checkpoints can play an important role in preventing alcohol-related crashes and associated injuries. JF - Traffic Injury Prevention AU - Elder, R W AU - Shults, R A AU - Sleet, DA AU - Nichols, J L AU - Zaza, S AU - Thompson, R S AD - Division of Unintentional Injury Prevention, National Center for Injury Prevention and Control, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA, USA Y1 - 2002/12// PY - 2002 DA - Dec 2002 SP - 266 EP - 274 VL - 3 IS - 4 SN - 1538-9588, 1538-9588 KW - driving ability KW - sobriety checkpoints KW - traffic safety KW - Health & Safety Science Abstracts KW - H 2000:Transportation UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/18568010?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Ahealthsafetyabstracts&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Traffic+Injury+Prevention&rft.atitle=Effectiveness+of+Sobriety+Checkpoints+for+Reducing+Alcohol-Involved+Crashes&rft.au=Elder%2C+R+W%3BShults%2C+R+A%3BSleet%2C+DA%3BNichols%2C+J+L%3BZaza%2C+S%3BThompson%2C+R+S&rft.aulast=Elder&rft.aufirst=R&rft.date=2002-12-01&rft.volume=3&rft.issue=4&rft.spage=266&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Traffic+Injury+Prevention&rft.issn=15389588&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Chromosomal DNA Deletions Explain Phenotypic Characteristics of Two Antigenic Variants, Phase II and RSA 514 (Crazy), of the Coxiella burnetii Nine Mile Strain AN - 18534921; 5490547 AB - After repeated passages through embyronated eggs, the Nine Mile strain of Coxiella burnetii exhibits antigenic variation, a loss of virulence characteristics, and transition to a truncated lipopolysaccharide (LPS) structure. In two independently derived strains, Nine Mile phase II and RSA 514, these phenotypic changes were accompanied by a large chromosomal deletion (M. H. Vodkin and J. C. Williams, J. Gen. Microbiol. 132:2587-2594, 1986). In the work reported here, additional screening of a cosmid bank prepared from the wild-type strain was used to map the deletion termini of both mutant strains and to accumulate all the segments of DNA that comprise the two deletions. The corresponding DNAs were then sequenced and annotated. The Nine Mile phase II deletion was completely nested within the deletion of the RSA 514 strain. Basic alignment and homology studies indicated that a large group of LPS biosynthetic genes, arranged in an apparent O-antigen cluster, was deleted in both variants. Database homologies identified, in particular, mannose pathway genes and genes encoding sugar methylases and nucleotide sugar epimerase-dehydratase proteins. Candidate genes for addition of sugar units to the core oligosaccharide for synthesis of the rare sugar 6-deoxy-3-C-methylgulose (virenose) were identified in the deleted region. Repeats, redundancies, paralogous genes, and two regions with reduced G+C contents were found within the deletions. JF - Infection and Immunity AU - Hoover, T A AU - Culp, D W AU - Vodkin, M H AU - Williams, J C AU - Thompson, HA AD - Viral and Rickettsial Zoonoses Branch, National Center for Infectious Diseases, Centers for Disease Control, Mailstop G-13, 1600 Clifton Road NE, Atlanta, GA 30333, hct2@cdc.govWededicatethisarticletothememoryofPaulFiset,who,alongwithM.Stoker,firstdescribedantigenicphasevariationin@@iCoxiella@. Y1 - 2002/12// PY - 2002 DA - Dec 2002 SP - 6726 EP - 6733 VL - 70 IS - 12 SN - 0019-9567, 0019-9567 KW - lipopolysaccharides KW - Biochemistry Abstracts 2: Nucleic Acids; Microbiology Abstracts B: Bacteriology KW - J 02832:Antigenic properties and virulence KW - N 14920:Chromatin & chromosomes UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/18534921?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologyb&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Infection+and+Immunity&rft.atitle=Chromosomal+DNA+Deletions+Explain+Phenotypic+Characteristics+of+Two+Antigenic+Variants%2C+Phase+II+and+RSA+514+%28Crazy%29%2C+of+the+Coxiella+burnetii+Nine+Mile+Strain&rft.au=Hoover%2C+T+A%3BCulp%2C+D+W%3BVodkin%2C+M+H%3BWilliams%2C+J+C%3BThompson%2C+HA&rft.aulast=Hoover&rft.aufirst=T&rft.date=2002-12-01&rft.volume=70&rft.issue=12&rft.spage=6726&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Infection+and+Immunity&rft.issn=00199567&rft_id=info:doi/10.1128%2FIAI.70.12.6726-2733.2002 LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/IAI.70.12.6726-2733.2002 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Erythromycin-Resistant Pharyngeal Isolates of Streptococcus pyogenes Recovered in Italy AN - 18533902; 5490430 AB - Three classes of macrolide resistance phenotypes and three different erythromycin resistance determinants were found among 127 erythromycin-resistant group A streptococcal (GAS) isolates recovered from 355 (35.8%) pediatric pharyngitis patients in Rome, Italy. According to emm and sof sequence typing results, erythromycin-resistant isolates comprised 11 different clonal types. Remarkably, 126 of the 127 macrolide-resistant isolates were serum opacity factor (sof) gene positive. These data suggest a strong association between macrolide resistance and the presence of sof among GAS isolates recovered from Italian pediatric pharyngitis patients. JF - Antimicrobial Agents & Chemotherapy AU - Dicuonzo, G AU - Fiscarelli, E AU - Gherardi, G AU - Lorino, G AU - Battistoni, F AU - Landi, S AU - De Cesaris, M AU - Petitti, T AU - Beall, B AD - WHO Collaborating Center for Streptococcal Research, Respiratory Diseases Branch, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA 30333, bbeall@cdc.gov Y1 - 2002/12// PY - 2002 DA - Dec 2002 SP - 3987 EP - 3990 VL - 46 IS - 12 SN - 0066-4804, 0066-4804 KW - emm gene KW - sof gene KW - Microbiology Abstracts B: Bacteriology KW - J 02795:Antibiotic resistance UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/18533902?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologyb&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Antimicrobial+Agents+%26+Chemotherapy&rft.atitle=Erythromycin-Resistant+Pharyngeal+Isolates+of+Streptococcus+pyogenes+Recovered+in+Italy&rft.au=Dicuonzo%2C+G%3BFiscarelli%2C+E%3BGherardi%2C+G%3BLorino%2C+G%3BBattistoni%2C+F%3BLandi%2C+S%3BDe+Cesaris%2C+M%3BPetitti%2C+T%3BBeall%2C+B&rft.aulast=Dicuonzo&rft.aufirst=G&rft.date=2002-12-01&rft.volume=46&rft.issue=12&rft.spage=3987&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Antimicrobial+Agents+%26+Chemotherapy&rft.issn=00664804&rft_id=info:doi/10.1128%2FAAC.46.12.3987-3990.2002 LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/AAC.46.12.3987-3990.2002 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Carbapenem Resistance in a Clinical Isolate of Enterobacter aerogenes Is Associated with Decreased Expression of OmpF and OmpC Porin Analogs AN - 18530597; 5490418 AB - We investigated the mechanism of imipenem resistance in Enterobacter aerogenes strain 810, a clinical isolate from the United States for which the imipenem MIC was 16 mu g/ml and the meropenem MIC was 8 mu g/ml. An imipenem- susceptible revertant, strain 810-REV, was obtained after multiple passages of the strain on nonselective media. For the revertant, the imipenem MIC was [=]128 mu g/ml), cefoxitin ([>=]32 mu g/ml), and cefotaxime ([>=]64 mu g/ml) remained the same. The beta - lactamase and porin profiles of the parent, the revertant, and carbapenem- susceptible type strain E. aerogenes ATCC 13048 were determined. Strains 810 and 810-REV each produced two beta -lactamases with pIs of 8.2 and 5.4. The beta - lactamase activities of the parent and revertant were similar, even after induction with subinhibitory concentrations of imipenem. While 810-REV produced two major outer membrane proteins of 42 and 39 kDa that corresponded to Escherichia coli porins OmpC and OmpF, respectively, the parent strain appeared to produce similar quantities of the 39-kDa protein (OmpF) but decreased amounts of the 42-kDa protein (OmpC). When the parent strain was grown in the presence of imipenem, the 42-kDa protein was not detectable by gel electrophoresis. However, Western blot analysis of the outer membrane proteins of the parent and revertant with polyclonal antisera raised to the OmpC and OmpF analogs of Klebsiella pneumoniae (anti-OmpK36 and anti-OmpK35, respectively) showed that strain 810 expressed only the 42-kDa OmpC analog in the absence of imipenem (the 39-kDa protein was not recognized by the anti-OmpF antisera) and neither the OmpC nor the OmpF analog in the presence of imipenem. The OmpC analog is apparently down-regulated in the presence of imipenem; however, 810- REV expressed both OmpC and OmpF analogs. These data suggest that imipenem resistance in E. aerogenes 810 is primarily associated with the lack of expression of the analogs of the OmpC (42-kDa) and OmpF (39-kDa) outer membrane proteins, which also results in decreased susceptibility to meropenem and cefepime. JF - Antimicrobial Agents & Chemotherapy AU - Yigit, H AU - Anderson, G J AU - Biddle, J W AU - Steward, C D AU - Rasheed, J K AU - Valera, L L AU - McGowan, JE Jr AU - Tenover, F C AD - Division of Healthcare Quality Promotion (G08), Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, 1600 Clifton Rd. NE, Atlanta, GA 30333, fnt1@cdc.gov Y1 - 2002/12// PY - 2002 DA - Dec 2002 SP - 3817 EP - 3822 VL - 46 IS - 12 SN - 0066-4804, 0066-4804 KW - OmpC protein KW - OmpF protein KW - Microbiology Abstracts B: Bacteriology KW - J 02795:Antibiotic resistance UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/18530597?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologyb&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Antimicrobial+Agents+%26+Chemotherapy&rft.atitle=Carbapenem+Resistance+in+a+Clinical+Isolate+of+Enterobacter+aerogenes+Is+Associated+with+Decreased+Expression+of+OmpF+and+OmpC+Porin+Analogs&rft.au=Yigit%2C+H%3BAnderson%2C+G+J%3BBiddle%2C+J+W%3BSteward%2C+C+D%3BRasheed%2C+J+K%3BValera%2C+L+L%3BMcGowan%2C+JE+Jr%3BTenover%2C+F+C&rft.aulast=Yigit&rft.aufirst=H&rft.date=2002-12-01&rft.volume=46&rft.issue=12&rft.spage=3817&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Antimicrobial+Agents+%26+Chemotherapy&rft.issn=00664804&rft_id=info:doi/10.1128%2FAAC.46.12.3817-3822.2002 LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/AAC.46.12.3817-3822.2002 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - On-Site Measurement of Blood-Lead Concentrations Using Field-Portable Electroanalysis AN - 17851028; 6095552 JF - Applied Occupational & Environmental Hygiene AU - Taylor, L AU - Jones, R L AU - Ashley, K AD - CDC/NIOSH, 4676 Columbia Parkway, Mail Stop R-14, Cincinnati, OH 45226-1998 Y1 - 2002/12// PY - 2002 DA - Dec 2002 SP - 818 EP - 821 PB - Elsevier Science Inc., Box 882 New York NY 10159 USA, [mailto:usinfo-f@elsevier.com] VL - 17 IS - 12 SN - 1047-322X, 1047-322X KW - Toxicology Abstracts KW - Blood KW - Lead KW - X 24222:Analytical procedures UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/17851028?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxicologyabstracts&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Applied+Occupational+%26+Environmental+Hygiene&rft.atitle=On-Site+Measurement+of+Blood-Lead+Concentrations+Using+Field-Portable+Electroanalysis&rft.au=Taylor%2C+L%3BJones%2C+R+L%3BAshley%2C+K&rft.aulast=Taylor&rft.aufirst=L&rft.date=2002-12-01&rft.volume=17&rft.issue=12&rft.spage=818&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Applied+Occupational+%26+Environmental+Hygiene&rft.issn=1047322X&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Lead; Blood ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Comparing potential benefits of new pneumococcal vaccines with the current polysaccharide vaccine in the elderly AN - 1500759539; 19045499 AB - We compared the hypothetical effects of the 23-valent polysaccharide pneumococcal vaccine with new vaccines on preventing invasive and noninvasive pneumococcal disease in persons greater than or equal to 65 years. We estimated how much disease would occur if no polysaccharide vaccine were in use and used this baseline to compare the polysaccharide, a 7-valent conjugate vaccine, and hypothetical common antigen vaccine. The polysaccharide, conjugate, and common antigen vaccines prevented 10.6, 10.7, and 17.7% of invasive disease and 4.3, 5.6, and 10.0% of pneumonia, respectively. Superior effectiveness of new vaccines was dependent upon a presumed longer duration of protection than the 23V-PPV and effectiveness against noninvasive pneumonia. Our results suggest that new vaccines could improve disease prevention. JF - Vaccine AU - Fry, Alicia M AU - Zell, Elizabeth R AU - Schuchat, Anne AU - Butler, Jay C AU - Whitney, Cynthia G AD - Respiratory Diseases Branch, Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Mailstop C-23, 1600 Clifton Road, NE, Atlanta, GA 30333, USA Y1 - 2002/12// PY - 2002 DA - Dec 2002 SP - 303 EP - 311 PB - Elsevier B.V., The Boulevard Kidlington Oxford OX5 1GB United Kingdom VL - 21 IS - 3 SN - 0264-410X, 0264-410X KW - Microbiology Abstracts B: Bacteriology; Immunology Abstracts KW - Streptococcus pneumoniae KW - Geriatrics KW - Vaccines KW - Polysaccharides KW - Pneumonia KW - F 06905:Vaccines KW - J 02400:Human Diseases UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/1500759539?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologyb&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Vaccine&rft.atitle=Comparing+potential+benefits+of+new+pneumococcal+vaccines+with+the+current+polysaccharide+vaccine+in+the+elderly&rft.au=Fry%2C+Alicia+M%3BZell%2C+Elizabeth+R%3BSchuchat%2C+Anne%3BButler%2C+Jay+C%3BWhitney%2C+Cynthia+G&rft.aulast=Fry&rft.aufirst=Alicia&rft.date=2002-12-01&rft.volume=21&rft.issue=3&rft.spage=303&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Vaccine&rft.issn=0264410X&rft_id=info:doi/10.1016%2FS0264-410X%2802%2900451-6 LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2014-02-01 N1 - Last updated - 2014-05-15 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Geriatrics; Vaccines; Polysaccharides; Pneumonia; Streptococcus pneumoniae DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0264-410X(02)00451-6 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Protease inhibitors and cardiovascular outcomes in patients with HIV-1. AN - 72770755; 12480430 AB - Protease inhibitors for treatment of HIV-1 have been linked with increased risk of hyperlipidaemia and hyperglycaemia. In a cohort of 5672 outpatients with HIV-1 seen at nine US HIV clinics between January, 1993, and January, 2002, the frequency of myocardial infarctions increased after the introduction of protease inhibitors in 1996 (test for trend, p=0.0125). We noted that 19 of 3247 patients taking, but only two of 2425 who did not take, protease inhibitors had a myocardial infarction (odds ratio 7.1, 95% CI 1.6-44.3; Cox proportional hazards model-adjusted for smoking, sex, age, diabetes, hyperlipidaemia, and hypertension-hazard ratio 6.5, 0.9-47.8). Our findings suggest that, although infrequent, use of protease inhibitors is associated with increased risk of myocardial infarction in patients with HIV-1. JF - Lancet (London, England) AU - Holmberg, Scott D AU - Moorman, Anne C AU - Williamson, John M AU - Tong, Tony C AU - Ward, Douglas J AU - Wood, Kathy C AU - Greenberg, Alan E AU - Janssen, Robert S AU - HIV Outpatient Study (HOPS) investigators AD - Division of HIV/AIDS Prevention, National Center for HIV, STD and TB Prevention, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, 1600 Clifton Road, Atlanta, GA 30333, USA. sdh1@cdc.gov ; HIV Outpatient Study (HOPS) investigators Y1 - 2002/11/30/ PY - 2002 DA - 2002 Nov 30 SP - 1747 EP - 1748 VL - 360 IS - 9347 SN - 0140-6736, 0140-6736 KW - Protease Inhibitors KW - 0 KW - Abridged Index Medicus KW - Index Medicus KW - Humans KW - Cohort Studies KW - Adult KW - Middle Aged KW - Male KW - Female KW - Proportional Hazards Models KW - Protease Inhibitors -- therapeutic use KW - Protease Inhibitors -- adverse effects KW - Myocardial Infarction -- chemically induced KW - HIV Infections -- drug therapy KW - HIV-1 UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/72770755?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Lancet+%28London%2C+England%29&rft.atitle=Protease+inhibitors+and+cardiovascular+outcomes+in+patients+with+HIV-1.&rft.au=Holmberg%2C+Scott+D%3BMoorman%2C+Anne+C%3BWilliamson%2C+John+M%3BTong%2C+Tony+C%3BWard%2C+Douglas+J%3BWood%2C+Kathy+C%3BGreenberg%2C+Alan+E%3BJanssen%2C+Robert+S%3BHIV+Outpatient+Study+%28HOPS%29+investigators&rft.aulast=Holmberg&rft.aufirst=Scott&rft.date=2002-11-30&rft.volume=360&rft.issue=9347&rft.spage=1747&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Lancet+%28London%2C+England%29&rft.issn=01406736&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 2002-12-24 N1 - Date created - 2002-12-13 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Hepatic toxicity possibly associated with kava-containing products--United States, Germany, and Switzerland, 1999-2002. AN - 72792038; 12500906 AB - Since 1999, health-care professionals in Germany, Switzerland, and the United States have reported the occurrence of severe hepatic toxicity possibly associated with the consumption of products containing kava (i.e., kava kava or Piper methysticum). A total of 11 patients who used kava products had liver failure and underwent subsequent liver transplantation. On March 25, 2002, in response to five such case reports (four in Europe and one in the United States), the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) issued a consumer advisory and subsequently completed an investigation already underway of a similar U.S. case. This report presents the investigation of the two U.S. cases of liver failure associated with kava-containing dietary supplement products and summarizes the European cases. FDA continues to advise consumers and health-care providers about the potential risk associated with the use of kava-containing products. JF - MMWR. Morbidity and mortality weekly report AU - Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) AD - Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) Y1 - 2002/11/29/ PY - 2002 DA - 2002 Nov 29 SP - 1065 EP - 1067 VL - 51 IS - 47 SN - 0149-2195, 0149-2195 KW - Index Medicus KW - Switzerland -- epidemiology KW - Humans KW - Germany -- epidemiology KW - Middle Aged KW - Adolescent KW - United States -- epidemiology KW - Liver Transplantation KW - Female KW - Chemical and Drug Induced Liver Injury -- etiology KW - Chemical and Drug Induced Liver Injury -- epidemiology KW - Dietary Supplements -- adverse effects KW - Kava -- adverse effects KW - Chemical and Drug Induced Liver Injury -- surgery UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/72792038?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=MMWR.+Morbidity+and+mortality+weekly+report&rft.atitle=Hepatic+toxicity+possibly+associated+with+kava-containing+products--United+States%2C+Germany%2C+and+Switzerland%2C+1999-2002.&rft.au=Centers+for+Disease+Control+and+Prevention+%28CDC%29&rft.aulast=Centers+for+Disease+Control+and+Prevention+%28CDC%29&rft.aufirst=&rft.date=2002-11-29&rft.volume=51&rft.issue=47&rft.spage=1065&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=MMWR.+Morbidity+and+mortality+weekly+report&rft.issn=01492195&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 2002-12-31 N1 - Date created - 2002-12-25 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Occupational health indicators for tracking work-related health effects and their determinants. AN - 72787464; 12500910 AB - Experts in various fields of public health have developed proposed indicators to enhance public health surveillance. These indicators have been published in Indicators for Chronic Disease Surveillance, June 2000, State Injury Indicator Report January 2002; and Draft Environmental Public Health Indicators, August 2002. The indicators are measures of health or factors associated with health in specified populations. JF - MMWR. Morbidity and mortality weekly report AU - Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) AD - Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) Y1 - 2002/11/29/ PY - 2002 DA - 2002 Nov 29 SP - 1073 EP - 1074 VL - 51 IS - 47 SN - 0149-2195, 0149-2195 KW - Index Medicus KW - Humans KW - Accidents, Occupational -- statistics & numerical data KW - Occupational Diseases -- epidemiology KW - United States -- epidemiology KW - Occupational Health KW - Health Status Indicators KW - Population Surveillance UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/72787464?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=MMWR.+Morbidity+and+mortality+weekly+report&rft.atitle=Occupational+health+indicators+for+tracking+work-related+health+effects+and+their+determinants.&rft.au=Centers+for+Disease+Control+and+Prevention+%28CDC%29&rft.aulast=Centers+for+Disease+Control+and+Prevention+%28CDC%29&rft.aufirst=&rft.date=2002-11-29&rft.volume=51&rft.issue=47&rft.spage=1073&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=MMWR.+Morbidity+and+mortality+weekly+report&rft.issn=01492195&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 2002-12-31 N1 - Date created - 2002-12-25 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Surveillance for waterborne-disease outbreaks--United States, 1999-2000. AN - 72776783; 12489843 AB - Since 1971, CDC, the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA), and the Council of State and Territorial Epidemiologists (CSTE) have maintained a collaborative surveillance system for the occurrences and causes of waterborne-disease outbreaks (WBDOs).This surveillance system is the primary source of data concerning the scope and effects of waterborne diseases on persons in the United States. This summary includes data regarding outbreaks occurring during January 1999-December 2000 and previously unreported outbreaks occurring in 1995 and 1997. The surveillance system includes data for outbreaks associated with drinking water and recreational water. State, territorial, and local public health departments are primarily responsible for detecting and investigating WBDOs and voluntarily reporting them to CDC on a standard form. The unit of analysis for the WBDO surveillance system is an outbreak, not an individual case of a waterborne disease. Two criteria must be met for an event to be defined as a WBDO. First, > or = 2 persons must have experienced a similar illness after either ingestion of drinking water or exposure to water encountered in recreational or occupational settings. This criterion is waived for single cases of laboratory-confirmed primary amebic meningoencephalitis and for single cases of chemical poisoning if water-quality data indicate contamination by the chemical. Second, epidemiologic evidence must implicate water as the probable source of the illness. During 1999-2000, a total of 39 outbreaks associated with drinking water was reported by 25 states. Included among these 39 outbreaks was one outbreak that spanned 10 states. These 39 outbreaks caused illness among an estimated 2,068 persons and were linked to two deaths. The microbe or chemical that caused the outbreak was identified for 22 (56.4%) of the 39 outbreaks; 20 of the 22 identified outbreaks were associated with pathogens, and two were associated with chemical poisoning. Of the 17 outbreaks involving acute gastroenteritis of unknown etiology, one was a suspected chemical poisoning, and the remaining 16 were suspected as having an infectious cause. Twenty-eight (71.8%) of 39 outbreaks were linked to groundwater sources; 18 (64.3%) of these 28 groundwater outbreaks were associated with private or noncommunity wells that were not regulated by EPA. Fifty-nine outbreaks from 23 states were attributed to recreational water exposure and affected an estimated 2,093 persons. Thirty-six (61.0%) of the 59 were outbreaks involving gastroenteritis. The etiologic agent was identified in 30 (83.3%) of 36 outbreaks involving gastroenteritis. Twenty-two (61.1%) of 36 gastroenteritis-related outbreaks were associated with pools or interactive fountains. Four (6.8%) of the 59 recreational water outbreaks were attributed to single cases of primary amebic meningoencephalitis (PAM) caused by Naegleria fowleri. All four cases were fatal. Fifteen (25.4%) of the 59 outbreaks were associated with dermatitis; 12 (80.0%) of 15 were associated with hot tubs or pools. In addition, recreational water outbreaks of leptospirosis, Pontiac fever, and chemical keratitis, as well as two outbreaks of leptospirosis and Pontiac fever associated with occupational exposure were also reported to CDC. The proportion of drinking water outbreaks associated with surface water increased from 11.8% during 1997-1998 to 17.9% in 1999-2000. The proportion of outbreaks (28) associated with groundwater sources increased 87% from the previous reporting period (15 outbreaks), and these outbreaks were primarily associated (60.7%) with consumption of untreated groundwater. Recreational water outbreaks involving gastroenteritis doubled (36 outbreaks) from the number of outbreaks reported in the previous reporting period (18 outbreaks). These outbreaks were most frequently associated with Cryptosporidium parvum (68.2%) in treated water venues (e.g., swimming pools or interactive fountains) and by Escherichia coli O157:H7 (21.4%) in freshwater venues. The increase in the number of outbreaks probably reflects improved surveillance and reporting at the local and state level as well as a true increase in the number of WBDOs. CDC and others have used surveillance data to identify the types of water systems, their deficiencies, and the etiologic agents associated with outbreaks and evaluated current technologies for providing safe drinking water and safe recreational water. Surveillance data are used also to establish research priorities, which can lead to improved water-quality regulations. Only the groundwater systems under the influence of surface water are required to disinfect their water supplies, but EPA is developing a groundwater rule that specifies when corrective action (including disinfection) is required. CDC and EPA are conducting epidemiologic studies to assess the level of waterborne illness attributable to municipal drinking water in nonoutbreak conditions. Rules under development by EPA--the Ground Water Rule (GWR), the Long Term 2 Enhanced Surface Water Treatment Rule (LT2ESWTR), and Stage 2 Disinfection Byproduct Rules (DBPR)--are expected to further protect the public from contaminants and disinfection byproducts in drinking water. Efforts by EPA under the Beaches Environmental Assessment, Closure, and Health (BEACH) program are aimed at reducing the risks for infection attributed to ambient recreational water by strengthening beach standards and testing; providing faster laboratory test methods; predicting pollution; investing in health and methods research; and improving public access to information regarding both the quality of the water at beaches and information concerning health risks associated with swimming in polluted water. EPA's Beach Watch (available at http://www.epa.gov/waterscience/beaches) provides online information regarding water quality at U.S. beaches, local protection programs, and other beach-related programs. CDC partnered with a consortium of local and national pool associations to develop a series of health communication materials for the general public who attend treated recreational water venues and to staff who work at those venues. CDC has also developed a recreational water outbreak investigation toolkit that can be used by public health professionals. All of the CDC materials are accessible at the CDC Healthy Swimming website (http://www.cdc.gov/healthyswimming). JF - Morbidity and mortality weekly report. Surveillance summaries (Washington, D.C. : 2002) AU - Lee, Sherline H AU - Levy, Deborah A AU - Craun, Gunther F AU - Beach, Michael J AU - Calderon, Rebecca L AD - Division of Parasitic Diseases National Center for Infectious Diseases, CDC, USA. Y1 - 2002/11/22/ PY - 2002 DA - 2002 Nov 22 SP - 1 EP - 47 VL - 51 IS - 8 SN - 1546-0738, 1546-0738 KW - Index Medicus KW - Occupational Exposure KW - Swimming Pools KW - Recreation KW - Fresh Water KW - Humans KW - Communicable Diseases -- epidemiology KW - Water Supply KW - Poisoning -- epidemiology KW - United States -- epidemiology KW - Gastroenteritis -- epidemiology KW - Water Pollution -- statistics & numerical data KW - Disease Outbreaks -- statistics & numerical data KW - Water Pollution -- adverse effects KW - Water Microbiology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/72776783?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Morbidity+and+mortality+weekly+report.+Surveillance+summaries+%28Washington%2C+D.C.+%3A+2002%29&rft.atitle=Surveillance+for+waterborne-disease+outbreaks--United+States%2C+1999-2000.&rft.au=Lee%2C+Sherline+H%3BLevy%2C+Deborah+A%3BCraun%2C+Gunther+F%3BBeach%2C+Michael+J%3BCalderon%2C+Rebecca+L&rft.aulast=Lee&rft.aufirst=Sherline&rft.date=2002-11-22&rft.volume=51&rft.issue=8&rft.spage=1&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Morbidity+and+mortality+weekly+report.+Surveillance+summaries+%28Washington%2C+D.C.+%3A+2002%29&rft.issn=15460738&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 2002-12-31 N1 - Date created - 2002-12-19 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Multistate outbreaks of Salmonella serotype Poona infections associated with eating cantaloupe from Mexico--United States and Canada, 2000-2002. AN - 72775993; 12487526 AB - Three multistate outbreaks of Salmonella serotype Poona infections associated with eating cantaloupe imported from Mexico occurred in the spring of consecutive years during 2000-2002. In each outbreak, the isolates had indistinguishable pulsed-field gel electrophoresis (PFGE) patterns; the PFGE patterns observed in the 2000 and 2002 outbreaks were indistinguishable, but the pattern from 2001 was unique among them. Outbreaks were identified first by the California Department of Health Services (2000 and 2001) and the Washington State Department of Health (2002) and involved residents of 12 states and Canada. This report describes the investigations, which led ultimately to an import alert on cantaloupes from Mexico. To limit the potential for cantaloupe contamination, the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) continues to work with the Mexican government on a food-safety program for the production, packing, and shipping of fresh cantaloupes. JF - MMWR. Morbidity and mortality weekly report AU - Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) AD - Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) Y1 - 2002/11/22/ PY - 2002 DA - 2002 Nov 22 SP - 1044 EP - 1047 VL - 51 IS - 46 SN - 0149-2195, 0149-2195 KW - Index Medicus KW - Humans KW - Aged KW - Child KW - Disease Outbreaks KW - Child, Preschool KW - Canada -- epidemiology KW - Infant KW - Mexico KW - Aged, 80 and over KW - Adult KW - Middle Aged KW - Adolescent KW - United States -- epidemiology KW - Salmonella Food Poisoning -- etiology KW - Salmonella Food Poisoning -- epidemiology KW - Salmonella -- isolation & purification KW - Cucumis melo -- microbiology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/72775993?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=MMWR.+Morbidity+and+mortality+weekly+report&rft.atitle=Multistate+outbreaks+of+Salmonella+serotype+Poona+infections+associated+with+eating+cantaloupe+from+Mexico--United+States+and+Canada%2C+2000-2002.&rft.au=Centers+for+Disease+Control+and+Prevention+%28CDC%29&rft.aulast=Centers+for+Disease+Control+and+Prevention+%28CDC%29&rft.aufirst=&rft.date=2002-11-22&rft.volume=51&rft.issue=46&rft.spage=1044&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=MMWR.+Morbidity+and+mortality+weekly+report&rft.issn=01492195&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 2002-12-24 N1 - Date created - 2002-12-18 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Guidelines for analysis of human milk for environmental chemicals. AN - 72753396; 12470493 AB - When analyzing human milk for environmental chemicals, in either a monitoring or research project, researchers must ensure that the technique used for measuring the target analytes complies with certain analytical criteria and that a quality control/quality assurance program is in place. In this report, these analytical criteria and the accompanying quality assurance program are elaborated in more detail. Examples of representative methods are also given for the determination of a number of classes of chemicals of environmental concern, such as polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxins, polychlorinated dibenzofurans, polychlorinated biphenyls, volatile organics, and halogenated flame retardants. Most of these techniques are physical/chemical in nature, but the possibility of the use of bioassays for screening of analytes in human milk is noted. The described methods are not exclusive, but any laboratory undertaking the analysis of human milk should demonstrate proficiency in their execution. This is usually accomplished by producing reliable data in interlaboratory studies. Human milk is an ideal matrix for estimating exposure to certain environmental chemicals, and researchers must ensure that the techniques used to determine these compounds adhere to known and accepted analytical requirements. JF - Journal of toxicology and environmental health. Part A AU - Needham, Larry L AU - Ryan, John J AU - Fürst, Peter AU - Technical Workshop on Human Milk Surveillance and Research on Environmental Chemicals in the United States AD - National Center for Environmental Health, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia 30341, USA. lneedham@cdc.gov ; Technical Workshop on Human Milk Surveillance and Research on Environmental Chemicals in the United States Y1 - 2002/11/22/ PY - 2002 DA - 2002 Nov 22 SP - 1893 EP - 1908 VL - 65 IS - 22 SN - 1528-7394, 1528-7394 KW - Environmental Pollutants KW - 0 KW - Metals KW - Organic Chemicals KW - Index Medicus KW - Organic Chemicals -- chemistry KW - Humans KW - Organic Chemicals -- analysis KW - Metals -- analysis KW - Milk, Human -- chemistry KW - Environmental Monitoring -- standards KW - Environmental Pollutants -- analysis UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/72753396?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+toxicology+and+environmental+health.+Part+A&rft.atitle=Guidelines+for+analysis+of+human+milk+for+environmental+chemicals.&rft.au=Needham%2C+Larry+L%3BRyan%2C+John+J%3BF%C3%BCrst%2C+Peter%3BTechnical+Workshop+on+Human+Milk+Surveillance+and+Research+on+Environmental+Chemicals+in+the+United+States&rft.aulast=Needham&rft.aufirst=Larry&rft.date=2002-11-22&rft.volume=65&rft.issue=22&rft.spage=1893&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+toxicology+and+environmental+health.+Part+A&rft.issn=15287394&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 2002-12-23 N1 - Date created - 2002-12-09 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - CPAPER T1 - Preparation for clinical trials of vaginal microbicides in Northern Thailand AN - 39587128; 3707124 AU - Chaikummao, S Y1 - 2002/11/19/ PY - 2002 DA - 2002 Nov 19 KW - CPI, Conference Papers Index KW - U 2000:Biology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/39587128?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Acpi&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=conference&rft.jtitle=&rft.atitle=Preparation+for+clinical+trials+of+vaginal+microbicides+in+Northern+Thailand&rft.au=Chaikummao%2C+S&rft.aulast=Chaikummao&rft.aufirst=S&rft.date=2002-11-19&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - SuppNotes - Availability: Microbicides 2002, Nationalestraat 155, B-2000 Antwerp, Belgium; phone: 32 3 247 65 39; fax: 32 3 247 65 32; email: yjacob@itg.be; URL: www.itg.be/micro2002/index.html N1 - Last updated - 2010-05-03 ER - TY - CPAPER T1 - Protection of human subjects' rights in microbicide trials: Experience and recommendations AN - 39586427; 3707129 AU - Kilmarx, P Y1 - 2002/11/19/ PY - 2002 DA - 2002 Nov 19 KW - CPI, Conference Papers Index KW - U 2000:Biology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/39586427?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Acpi&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=conference&rft.jtitle=&rft.atitle=Protection+of+human+subjects%27+rights+in+microbicide+trials%3A+Experience+and+recommendations&rft.au=Kilmarx%2C+P&rft.aulast=Kilmarx&rft.aufirst=P&rft.date=2002-11-19&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - SuppNotes - Availability: Microbicides 2002, Nationalestraat 155, B-2000 Antwerp, Belgium; phone: 32 3 247 65 39; fax: 32 3 247 65 32; email: yjacob@itg.be; URL: www.itg.be/micro2002/index.html N1 - Last updated - 2010-05-03 ER - TY - CPAPER T1 - Incidence of irritation and genital lesions a year-long, randomized, controlled clinical trial of a carrageenan gel as a vaginal microbicide AN - 39508488; 3707072 AU - Kilmarx, P Y1 - 2002/11/19/ PY - 2002 DA - 2002 Nov 19 KW - CPI, Conference Papers Index KW - U 2000:Biology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/39508488?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Acpi&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=conference&rft.jtitle=&rft.atitle=Incidence+of+irritation+and+genital+lesions+a+year-long%2C+randomized%2C+controlled+clinical+trial+of+a+carrageenan+gel+as+a+vaginal+microbicide&rft.au=Kilmarx%2C+P&rft.aulast=Kilmarx&rft.aufirst=P&rft.date=2002-11-19&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - SuppNotes - Availability: Microbicides 2002, Nationalestraat 155, B-2000 Antwerp, Belgium; phone: 32 3 247 65 39; fax: 32 3 247 65 32; email: yjacob@itg.be; URL: www.itg.be/micro2002/index.html N1 - Last updated - 2010-05-03 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Update: Fatal and severe liver injuries associated with rifampin and pyrazinamide treatment for latent tuberculosis infection. AN - 72722122; 12455909 AB - Reports of fatal and severe liver injury associated with treatment of latent tuberculosis infection (LTBI) with the drug combination rifampin and pyrazinamide (RZ) prompted CDC to issue revised guidelines for the use of this regimen on August 31, 2001. To determine if these revised guidelines were effective in reducing morbidity and mortality, CDC has continued to collect reports on adverse effects associated with this regimen. This update summarizes the results of this ongoing investigation. JF - MMWR. Morbidity and mortality weekly report AU - Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) AD - Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) Y1 - 2002/11/08/ PY - 2002 DA - 2002 Nov 08 SP - 998 EP - 999 VL - 51 IS - 44 SN - 0149-2195, 0149-2195 KW - Antitubercular Agents KW - 0 KW - Pyrazinamide KW - 2KNI5N06TI KW - Rifampin KW - VJT6J7R4TR KW - Index Medicus KW - Drug Therapy, Combination KW - Humans KW - Practice Guidelines as Topic KW - United States -- epidemiology KW - Pyrazinamide -- adverse effects KW - Chemical and Drug Induced Liver Injury -- etiology KW - Pyrazinamide -- therapeutic use KW - Tuberculosis -- drug therapy KW - Chemical and Drug Induced Liver Injury -- epidemiology KW - Rifampin -- adverse effects KW - Rifampin -- therapeutic use KW - Antitubercular Agents -- adverse effects KW - Antitubercular Agents -- therapeutic use UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/72722122?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=MMWR.+Morbidity+and+mortality+weekly+report&rft.atitle=Update%3A+Fatal+and+severe+liver+injuries+associated+with+rifampin+and+pyrazinamide+treatment+for+latent+tuberculosis+infection.&rft.au=Centers+for+Disease+Control+and+Prevention+%28CDC%29&rft.aulast=Centers+for+Disease+Control+and+Prevention+%28CDC%29&rft.aufirst=&rft.date=2002-11-08&rft.volume=51&rft.issue=44&rft.spage=998&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=MMWR.+Morbidity+and+mortality+weekly+report&rft.issn=01492195&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 2002-12-10 N1 - Date created - 2002-11-28 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Pharmacy student knowledge, attitudes, and beliefs about selling syringes to injection drug users. AN - 72778368; 12489613 AB - To explore pharmacy school education and pharmacy students' knowledge, attitudes, and beliefs about human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) and acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS), drug use, and syringe sales to injection drug users (IDUs). Qualitative study of a convenience sample of pharmacy school students. A pharmacy school in the southeastern United States. Two focus groups and nine in-depth interviews were conducted about HIV/AIDS education and counseling, syringe sales to possible IDUs, and related pharmacy school education. 19 Doctor of Pharmacy students, including 88 students in their third professional year and 11 in their fourth professional year. Most participants believed that they would benefit from more class time on HIV/AIDS topics, including AIDS treatment medications and HIV prevention. Most participants believed that the laws and regulations governing syringe sales in their state were vague, leaving syringe sale decisions to pharmacists' discretion. Nine study participants supported selling syringes to possible IDUs, five opposed it, and five were undecided or ambivalent. Classroom education focused on addiction to prescription drugs, with limited attention to illicit drug use. Pharmacy students have divided opinions about selling syringes to IDUs. To prepare students for helping their patients with drug-use problems, pharmacy schools should increase training about HIV/AIDS and addiction. Policy makers should consider changing laws and regulations of syringe sales to recognize prevention of blood-borne infections as a legitimate medical purpose for selling syringes to IDUs. JF - Journal of the American Pharmaceutical Association (Washington,D.C. : 1996) AU - Blumenthal, Wendy J AU - Springer, Kristen W AU - Jones, T Stephen AU - Sterk, Claire E AD - Division of Emergency and Environmental Health Services, National Center for Environmental Health, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA 30333, USA. Wblumenthal@cdc.gov PY - 2002 SP - S34 EP - S39 VL - 42 IS - 6 Suppl 2 SN - 1086-5802, 1086-5802 KW - Index Medicus KW - Patient Education as Topic KW - Humans KW - HIV Infections -- prevention & control KW - Health Knowledge, Attitudes, Practice KW - Syringes -- supply & distribution KW - Students, Pharmacy KW - Substance Abuse, Intravenous UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/72778368?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+the+American+Pharmaceutical+Association+%28Washington%2CD.C.+%3A+1996%29&rft.atitle=Pharmacy+student+knowledge%2C+attitudes%2C+and+beliefs+about+selling+syringes+to+injection+drug+users.&rft.au=Blumenthal%2C+Wendy+J%3BSpringer%2C+Kristen+W%3BJones%2C+T+Stephen%3BSterk%2C+Claire+E&rft.aulast=Blumenthal&rft.aufirst=Wendy&rft.date=2002-11-01&rft.volume=42&rft.issue=6+Suppl+2&rft.spage=S34&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+the+American+Pharmaceutical+Association+%28Washington%2CD.C.+%3A+1996%29&rft.issn=10865802&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 2003-01-27 N1 - Date created - 2002-12-19 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Preventing blood-borne infections through pharmacy syringe sales and safe community syringe disposal. AN - 72775264; 12489602 JF - Journal of the American Pharmaceutical Association (Washington,D.C. : 1996) AU - Jones, T Stephen AU - Coffin, Phillip O AD - Division of HIV/AIDS Prevention, Intervention, Research, and Support, National Center for HIV, STD & TB Prevention, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA 30333, USA. Tjones@cdc.gov PY - 2002 SP - S6 EP - S9 VL - 42 IS - 6 Suppl 2 SN - 1086-5802, 1086-5802 KW - Medical Waste Disposal KW - 0 KW - Index Medicus KW - United States KW - Attitude of Health Personnel KW - Humans KW - Pharmacists KW - Substance Abuse, Intravenous KW - Legislation, Medical -- trends KW - Infection Control -- methods KW - Blood-Borne Pathogens KW - Syringes -- supply & distribution UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/72775264?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+the+American+Pharmaceutical+Association+%28Washington%2CD.C.+%3A+1996%29&rft.atitle=Preventing+blood-borne+infections+through+pharmacy+syringe+sales+and+safe+community+syringe+disposal.&rft.au=Jones%2C+T+Stephen%3BCoffin%2C+Phillip+O&rft.aulast=Jones&rft.aufirst=T&rft.date=2002-11-01&rft.volume=42&rft.issue=6+Suppl+2&rft.spage=S6&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+the+American+Pharmaceutical+Association+%28Washington%2CD.C.+%3A+1996%29&rft.issn=10865802&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 2003-01-27 N1 - Date created - 2002-12-19 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Influence of hyperthyroidism on rat lung cytokine production and nuclear factor-kappaB activation following ozone exposure. AN - 72712478; 12454797 AB - Results from previous studies indicate that hyperthyroidism increases the risk of ozone-induced lung toxicity. To better understand the processes that might contribute to the increased pulmonary inflammatory response to ozone in hyperthyroidism, we evaluated bronchoalveolar lavage fluid levels of selected cytokines in control and hyperthyroid rats after exposure to air or ozone. In addition, we assessed whether there is a relative increase in nuclear factor-kappa B (NF-kappaB) binding activity in cells harvested by bronchoalveolar lavage from hyperthyroid rats following the inhalation of ozone. A hyperthyroid condition was induced by the administration of thyroxine (0.5 mg/kg body weight) for 7 days. Control rats received vehicle injections. The animals were then exposed by inhalation to air or ozone (2 ppm for 3 h) and studied 18 h following the exposure. Bronchoalveolar lavage levels of MIP-2 and MCP-1 were increased in both control and hyperthyroid rats by ozone exposure. However, the increases in hyperthyroid rats were much greater, MIP-2 1.5-fold and MCP-1 11-fold, when compared to levels in controls following ozone. These changes appeared to be relatively specific; bronchoalveolar lavage fluid levels of interleukin (IL)-6, IL-4, and IL-10 were generally low or nondetectable across all of the studied groups at the 18-h postexposure time point. We also found that NF-kappaB binding activity was increased at both 4 and 18 h following ozone exposure in bronchoalveolar lavage cell extracts from hyperthyroid rats relative to the activity in control samples. Collectively, these results suggest that mechanisms contributing to the enhanced pulmonary inflammatory response to ozone in a hyperthyroid state include an increase in NF-kappaB activation and an upregulation of chemokine production. JF - Inhalation toxicology AU - Huffman, L J AU - Prugh, D J AU - Brumbaugh, K AU - Ding, M AD - Health Effects Laboratory Division, National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, Morgantown, West Virginia 26505, USA. ljh3@cdc.gov Y1 - 2002/11// PY - 2002 DA - November 2002 SP - 1161 EP - 1174 VL - 14 IS - 11 SN - 0895-8378, 0895-8378 KW - Chemokine CCL2 KW - 0 KW - Chemokine CXCL2 KW - Chemokines KW - Chemokines, CXC KW - Cxcl2 protein, rat KW - Intercellular Signaling Peptides and Proteins KW - Monokines KW - NF-kappa B KW - Ozone KW - 66H7ZZK23N KW - Thyroxine KW - Q51BO43MG4 KW - Index Medicus KW - Specific Pathogen-Free Organisms KW - Animals KW - Cell Count KW - Disease Models, Animal KW - Thyroxine -- blood KW - Rats KW - Thyroxine -- pharmacology KW - Rats, Sprague-Dawley KW - Chemokine CCL2 -- biosynthesis KW - Administration, Inhalation KW - Monokines -- biosynthesis KW - Bronchoalveolar Lavage Fluid -- cytology KW - Male KW - Lung Diseases, Interstitial -- metabolism KW - Chemokines -- biosynthesis KW - Hyperthyroidism -- metabolism KW - Lung -- metabolism KW - Hyperthyroidism -- complications KW - Lung Diseases, Interstitial -- chemically induced KW - Hyperthyroidism -- chemically induced KW - NF-kappa B -- drug effects KW - NF-kappa B -- biosynthesis KW - Lung Diseases, Interstitial -- complications KW - Lung -- drug effects KW - Ozone -- administration & dosage KW - Ozone -- toxicity UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/72712478?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Inhalation+toxicology&rft.atitle=Influence+of+hyperthyroidism+on+rat+lung+cytokine+production+and+nuclear+factor-kappaB+activation+following+ozone+exposure.&rft.au=Huffman%2C+L+J%3BPrugh%2C+D+J%3BBrumbaugh%2C+K%3BDing%2C+M&rft.aulast=Huffman&rft.aufirst=L&rft.date=2002-11-01&rft.volume=14&rft.issue=11&rft.spage=1161&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Inhalation+toxicology&rft.issn=08958378&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 2003-04-15 N1 - Date created - 2002-11-27 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Antioxidant balance and free radical generation in vitamin e-deficient mice after dermal exposure to cumene hydroperoxide. AN - 72687736; 12437336 AB - Organic peroxides are widely used in the chemical industry as initiators of oxidation for the production of polymers and fiber-reinforced plastics, in the manufacture of polyester resin coatings, and pharmaceuticals. Free radical production is considered to be one of the key factors contributing to skin tumor promotion by organic peroxides. In vitro experiments have demonstrated metal-catalyzed formation of alkoxyl, alkyl, and aryl radicals in keratinocytes incubated with cumene hydroperoxide. The present study investigated in vivo free radical generation in lipid extracts of mouse skin exposed to cumene hydroperoxide. The electron spin resonance (ESR) spin-trapping technique was used to detect the formation of alpha-phenyl-N-tert-butylnitrone (PBN) radical adducts, following intradermal injection of 180 mg/kg PBN. It was found that 30 min after topical exposure, cumene hydroperoxide (12 mmol/kg) induced free radical generation in the skin of female Balb/c mice kept for 10 weeks on vitamin E-deficient diets. In contrast, hardly discernible radical adducts were detected when cumene hydroperoxide was applied to the skin of mice fed a vitamin E-sufficient diet. Importantly, total antioxidant reserve and levels of GSH, ascorbate, and vitamin E decreased 34%, 46.5%. 27%, and 98%, respectively, after mice were kept for 10 weeks on vitamin E-deficient diet. PBN adducts detected by ESR in vitamin E-deficient mice provide direct evidence for in vivo free radical generation in the skin after exposure to cumene hydroperoxide. JF - Chemical research in toxicology AU - Shvedova, A A AU - Kisin, E R AU - Murray, A R AU - Kommineni, C AU - Castranova, V AU - Mason, R P AU - Kadiiska, M B AU - Gunther, M R AD - National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, Morgantown, West Virginia 26505, USA. ats1@cdc.gov Y1 - 2002/11// PY - 2002 DA - November 2002 SP - 1451 EP - 1459 VL - 15 IS - 11 SN - 0893-228X, 0893-228X KW - Antioxidants KW - 0 KW - Benzene Derivatives KW - Biomarkers KW - Cyclic N-Oxides KW - Free Radicals KW - Nitrogen Oxides KW - Spin Labels KW - Sulfhydryl Compounds KW - Vitamin E KW - 1406-18-4 KW - phenyl-N-tert-butylnitrone KW - 3I91332OPG KW - Glutathione KW - GAN16C9B8O KW - cumene hydroperoxide KW - PG7JD54X4I KW - Ascorbic Acid KW - PQ6CK8PD0R KW - Index Medicus KW - Animals KW - Administration, Cutaneous KW - Vitamin E -- metabolism KW - Vitamin E -- analysis KW - Mice KW - Mice, Inbred BALB C KW - Ascorbic Acid -- analysis KW - Oxidative Stress -- physiology KW - Spin Trapping KW - Sulfhydryl Compounds -- analysis KW - Biomarkers -- analysis KW - Glutathione -- analysis KW - Female KW - Free Radicals -- analysis KW - Benzene Derivatives -- administration & dosage KW - Antioxidants -- analysis KW - Benzene Derivatives -- toxicity KW - Antioxidants -- metabolism KW - Skin -- drug effects KW - Skin -- metabolism KW - Lipid Peroxidation -- drug effects KW - Vitamin E Deficiency -- metabolism KW - Free Radicals -- metabolism UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/72687736?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Chemical+research+in+toxicology&rft.atitle=Antioxidant+balance+and+free+radical+generation+in+vitamin+e-deficient+mice+after+dermal+exposure+to+cumene+hydroperoxide.&rft.au=Shvedova%2C+A+A%3BKisin%2C+E+R%3BMurray%2C+A+R%3BKommineni%2C+C%3BCastranova%2C+V%3BMason%2C+R+P%3BKadiiska%2C+M+B%3BGunther%2C+M+R&rft.aulast=Shvedova&rft.aufirst=A&rft.date=2002-11-01&rft.volume=15&rft.issue=11&rft.spage=1451&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Chemical+research+in+toxicology&rft.issn=0893228X&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 2003-06-20 N1 - Date created - 2002-11-19 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Investigation of the aerosols produced by a high-speed, hand-held grinder using various substrates. AN - 72638026; 12406860 AB - Mechanical processes such as grinding are classically thought to form micrometer scale aerosols through abrasion and attrition. High-speed grinding has been used as the basis for testing the hypothesis that ultrafine particles do not form a substantial component of mechanically generated aerosols. A wide variety of grinding substrates were selected for evaluation to represent the broad spectrum of materials available. To characterize the particle size distribution over particle sizes ranging from 4.2 nm to 20.5 microm, the aerosol-laden air collected from an enclosed chamber was split and directed to three aerosol instruments operated in parallel. Transmission electron microscope samples of the various grinding substrates were also collected. The results demonstrate that ultrafine particles do have the potential to form a significant component of a grinding aerosol for a number of substrates. It appears that the ultrafine aerosols were formed by the following processes: (i) from within the grinding motor, (ii) from the combustion of amenable grinding substrates and (iii) from volatilization of amenable grinding materials at the grinding wheel/substrate interface. JF - The Annals of occupational hygiene AU - Zimmer, Anthony T AU - Maynard, Andrew D AD - National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, Division of Applied Research and Technology, 4676 Columbia Parkway, Cincinnati, OH 45226, USA. azimmer@cdc.gov Y1 - 2002/11// PY - 2002 DA - November 2002 SP - 663 EP - 672 VL - 46 IS - 8 SN - 0003-4878, 0003-4878 KW - Aerosols KW - 0 KW - Hazardous Substances KW - Index Medicus KW - Occupational Exposure KW - Particle Size KW - Humans KW - Aerosols -- analysis KW - Inhalation Exposure KW - Hazardous Substances -- analysis UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/72638026?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Annals+of+occupational+hygiene&rft.atitle=Investigation+of+the+aerosols+produced+by+a+high-speed%2C+hand-held+grinder+using+various+substrates.&rft.au=Zimmer%2C+Anthony+T%3BMaynard%2C+Andrew+D&rft.aulast=Zimmer&rft.aufirst=Anthony&rft.date=2002-11-01&rft.volume=46&rft.issue=8&rft.spage=663&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=The+Annals+of+occupational+hygiene&rft.issn=00034878&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 2003-01-09 N1 - Date created - 2002-10-30 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Residual oil fly ash increases the susceptibility to infection and severely damages the lungs after pulmonary challenge with a bacterial pathogen. AN - 72193711; 12388840 AB - Inhalation of residual oil fly ash (ROFA), a component of ambient particulate matter, has been shown to increase pulmonary morbidity and impair lung defense mechanisms in exposed workers. Our objective was to evaluate the effect of ROFA preexposure on lung defense and injury after pulmonary challenge with a bacterial pathogen. Male Sprague-Dawley rats were dosed intratracheally at day 0 with saline (control) or ROFA (0.2 or 1 mg/100 g body weight). Three days later, a low (5 x 10(3)) or high (5 x 10(5)) dose of Listeria monocytogenes was instilled intratracheally into the ROFA- and saline-treated rats. Bronchoalveolar lavage was performed on the right lungs at days 6, 8, and 10. The recovered cells were differentiated, and chemiluminescence (CL) and nitric oxide (NO) production, two indices of alveolar macrophage (AM) function, were measured. At the same time points, the left lung and spleen were removed, homogenized, and cultured, and colony-forming units were counted after an overnight incubation. Exposure to ROFA and the high dose of L. monocytogenes led to marked lung injury and inflammation as well as to an increase in mortality, compared with rats treated with saline and the high dose of L. monocytogenes. Preexposure to ROFA significantly enhanced injury and delayed the pulmonary clearance of L. monocytogenes at both bacterial doses when compared to the saline-treated control rats. ROFA had no effect on AM CL but caused a significant suppression of AM NO production, as compared to the saline control rats. We have demonstrated that acute exposure to ROFA slowed the pulmonary clearance of L. monocytogenes. The suppression in AM NO production by ROFA pretreatment likely plays an important role. These results suggest that pulmonary exposure to ROFA may alter AM function and lead to increased susceptibility to lung infection in exposed populations. JF - Toxicological sciences : an official journal of the Society of Toxicology AU - Antonini, James M AU - Roberts, Jenny R AU - Jernigan, Michael R AU - Yang, Hui-Min AU - Ma, Jane Y C AU - Clarke, Robert W AD - Health Effects Laboratory Division, National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, 1095 Willowdale Road, MS 2015, Morgantown, West Virginia 26505, USA. jga6@cdc.gov Y1 - 2002/11// PY - 2002 DA - November 2002 SP - 110 EP - 119 VL - 70 IS - 1 SN - 1096-6080, 1096-6080 KW - Air Pollutants KW - 0 KW - Coal Ash KW - Particulate Matter KW - Nitric Oxide KW - 31C4KY9ESH KW - Carbon KW - 7440-44-0 KW - Index Medicus KW - Rats KW - Macrophages, Alveolar -- metabolism KW - Animals KW - Rats, Sprague-Dawley KW - Disease Susceptibility -- microbiology KW - Body Weight -- drug effects KW - Phagocytosis -- drug effects KW - Nitric Oxide -- biosynthesis KW - Bronchoalveolar Lavage Fluid -- cytology KW - Male KW - Listeria monocytogenes -- pathogenicity KW - Listeriosis -- pathology KW - Listeriosis -- physiopathology KW - Lung -- pathology KW - Lung -- metabolism KW - Air Pollutants -- toxicity KW - Lung -- microbiology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/72193711?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Toxicological+sciences+%3A+an+official+journal+of+the+Society+of+Toxicology&rft.atitle=Residual+oil+fly+ash+increases+the+susceptibility+to+infection+and+severely+damages+the+lungs+after+pulmonary+challenge+with+a+bacterial+pathogen.&rft.au=Antonini%2C+James+M%3BRoberts%2C+Jenny+R%3BJernigan%2C+Michael+R%3BYang%2C+Hui-Min%3BMa%2C+Jane+Y+C%3BClarke%2C+Robert+W&rft.aulast=Antonini&rft.aufirst=James&rft.date=2002-11-01&rft.volume=70&rft.issue=1&rft.spage=110&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Toxicological+sciences+%3A+an+official+journal+of+the+Society+of+Toxicology&rft.issn=10966080&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 2003-05-08 N1 - Date created - 2002-10-21 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Drug-drug interactions in inmates treated for human immunodeficiency virus and Mycobacterium tuberculosis infection or disease: an institutional tuberculosis outbreak. AN - 72186728; 12384845 AB - The use of rifamycins is limited by drug interactions in human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-infected persons who are receiving highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART). During a tuberculosis (TB) outbreak at a prison housing HIV-infected inmates, rifabutin was used to treat 238 men (13 case patients and 225 contacts). Steady-state peak plasma rifabutin concentrations were obtained after rifabutin dosages were adjusted for men receiving single-interacting HAART (with either 1 protease inhibitor [PI] or efavirenz), multi-interacting HAART (with either 2 PIs or > or =1 PI with efavirenz), and for noninteracting HAART (>1 nucleoside reverse-transcriptase inhibitor or no HAART) without rifabutin dose adjustments. Low rifabutin concentrations occurred in 9% of those receiving noninteracting HAART, compared with 19% of those receiving single-interacting and 29% of those receiving multi-interacting HAART (chi2, 3.76; P=.05). Of 225 contacts treated with rifabutin-pyrazinamide, 158 (70%) completed treatment while incarcerated. Rifabutin-pyrazinamide therapy was difficult to implement, because of the need for dosage adjustments and expert clinical management. JF - Clinical infectious diseases : an official publication of the Infectious Diseases Society of America AU - Spradling, P AU - Drociuk, D AU - McLaughlin, S AU - Lee, L M AU - Peloquin, C A AU - Gallicano, K AU - Pozsik, C AU - Onorato, I AU - Castro, K G AU - Ridzon, R AD - Division of Tuberculosis Elimination, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA 30333, USA. pps9@cdc.gov Y1 - 2002/11/01/ PY - 2002 DA - 2002 Nov 01 SP - 1106 EP - 1112 VL - 35 IS - 9 KW - Anti-Bacterial Agents KW - 0 KW - Anti-HIV Agents KW - Rifabutin KW - 1W306TDA6S KW - Index Medicus KW - Drug Interactions KW - Institutional Practice KW - Humans KW - Adult KW - Antiretroviral Therapy, Highly Active KW - Middle Aged KW - Mycobacterium tuberculosis -- drug effects KW - Male KW - Anti-Bacterial Agents -- therapeutic use KW - Anti-HIV Agents -- therapeutic use KW - Tuberculosis -- drug therapy KW - HIV Infections -- drug therapy KW - Tuberculosis -- epidemiology KW - Disease Outbreaks KW - Prisoners KW - Rifabutin -- therapeutic use UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/72186728?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Clinical+infectious+diseases+%3A+an+official+publication+of+the+Infectious+Diseases+Society+of+America&rft.atitle=Drug-drug+interactions+in+inmates+treated+for+human+immunodeficiency+virus+and+Mycobacterium+tuberculosis+infection+or+disease%3A+an+institutional+tuberculosis+outbreak.&rft.au=Spradling%2C+P%3BDrociuk%2C+D%3BMcLaughlin%2C+S%3BLee%2C+L+M%3BPeloquin%2C+C+A%3BGallicano%2C+K%3BPozsik%2C+C%3BOnorato%2C+I%3BCastro%2C+K+G%3BRidzon%2C+R&rft.aulast=Spradling&rft.aufirst=P&rft.date=2002-11-01&rft.volume=35&rft.issue=9&rft.spage=1106&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Clinical+infectious+diseases+%3A+an+official+publication+of+the+Infectious+Diseases+Society+of+America&rft.issn=1537-6591&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 2002-11-08 N1 - Date created - 2002-10-17 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Antimicrobial residues in animal waste and water resources proximal to large-scale swine and poultry feeding operations AN - 19522043; 5537450 AB - Expansion and intensification of large-scale animal feeding operations (AFOs) in the United States has resulted in concern about environmental contamination and its potential public health impacts. The objective of this investigation was to obtain background data on a broad profile of antimicrobial residues in animal wastes and surface water and groundwater proximal to large-scale swine and poultry operations. The samples were measured for antimicrobial compounds using both radioimmunoassay and liquid chromatography/electrospray ionization-mass spectrometry (LC/ESI-MS) techniques. Multiple classes of antimicrobial compounds (commonly at concentrations of > 100 mu g/l) were detected in swine waste storage lagoons. In addition, multiple classes of antimicrobial compounds were detected in surface and groundwater samples collected proximal to the swine and poultry farms. This information indicates that animal waste used as fertilizer for crops may serve as a source of antimicrobial residues for the environment. Further research is required to determine if the levels of antimicrobials detected in this study are of consequence to human and/or environmental ecosystems. A comparison of the radioimmunoassay and LC/ESI-MS analytical methods documented that radioimmunoassay techniques were only appropriate for measuring residues in animal waste samples likely to contain high levels of antimicrobials. More sensitive LC/ESI-MS techniques are required in environmental samples, where low levels of antimicrobial residues are more likely. JF - Science of the Total Environment AU - Campagnolo, E R AU - Johnson, K R AU - Karpati, A AU - Rubin, C S AU - Kolpin, D W AU - Meyer, M T AU - Esteban, JE AU - Currier, R W AU - Smith, K AU - Thu, K M AU - McGeehin, M AD - Health Studies Branch, Division of Environmental Hazards and Health Effects, National Center for Environmental Health, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, 1600 Clifton Rd. NE, Atlanta, GA 30333, USA, kdj8@cdc.gov Y1 - 2002/11/01/ PY - 2002 DA - 2002 Nov 01 SP - 89 EP - 95 VL - 299 IS - 1-3 SN - 0048-9697, 0048-9697 KW - animal feeding operations KW - antimicrobial agents KW - swine KW - Microbiology Abstracts A: Industrial & Applied Microbiology; Water Resources Abstracts; Aqualine Abstracts; Toxicology Abstracts; Pollution Abstracts KW - Agricultural wastes KW - USA KW - Animal wastes KW - Animal Wastes KW - Water KW - Animal manures KW - A 01340:Antibiotics & Antimicrobials KW - X 24240:Miscellaneous KW - P 9000:ENVIRONMENTAL ACTION KW - SW 3020:Sources and fate of pollution KW - AQ 00003:Monitoring and Analysis of Water and Wastes UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/19522043?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aaqualine&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Science+of+the+Total+Environment&rft.atitle=Antimicrobial+residues+in+animal+waste+and+water+resources+proximal+to+large-scale+swine+and+poultry+feeding+operations&rft.au=Campagnolo%2C+E+R%3BJohnson%2C+K+R%3BKarpati%2C+A%3BRubin%2C+C+S%3BKolpin%2C+D+W%3BMeyer%2C+M+T%3BEsteban%2C+JE%3BCurrier%2C+R+W%3BSmith%2C+K%3BThu%2C+K+M%3BMcGeehin%2C+M&rft.aulast=Campagnolo&rft.aufirst=E&rft.date=2002-11-01&rft.volume=299&rft.issue=1-3&rft.spage=89&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Science+of+the+Total+Environment&rft.issn=00489697&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2003-07-01 N1 - Last updated - 2014-02-11 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Water; Animal wastes; Animal manures; Animal Wastes; USA ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Unassisted Isolated-pair Mating of Anopheles gambiae (Diptera: Culicidae) Mosquitoes AN - 18852814; 5671495 AB - Female Anopheles mosquitoes usually mate only once, but mating is seldom seen in small containers containing only one female and male. Therefore, matings are often performed among many adults in large cages or by forced copulation. Isolated-pair mating of Anopheles gambiae G3 strain-derived mosquitoes without forced copulation in small vials is described. We observed that the experimental variables eye color and male number were significant factors in the mating frequency. Females mated more frequently when three males were present over only one male. White-eyed females were more likely to be mated than wild-eyed females, but wild males mated more frequently than did white-eyed males. Experiments were also conducted to determine when mating was occurring by using wild-eye-color mosquitoes in isolated pairs. Almost no matings were observed before day 6 rather than the frequencies typically observed after 1-2 d in standard large-cage matings among large numbers of adults. JF - Journal of Medical Entomology AU - Benedict, M Q AU - Rafferty, C S Y1 - 2002/11// PY - 2002 DA - November 2002 SP - 942 EP - 944 PB - Entomological Society of America VL - 39 IS - 6 SN - 0022-2585, 0022-2585 KW - Controlled conditions KW - Diptera KW - Mosquitoes KW - Pair mating KW - Animal Behavior Abstracts; ASFA 1: Biological Sciences & Living Resources; Entomology Abstracts; ASFA 3: Aquatic Pollution & Environmental Quality KW - Mating behavior KW - Biological vectors KW - Human diseases KW - Protozoan diseases KW - Density dependence KW - Culicidae KW - Malaria KW - Compound eye KW - Anopheles gambiae KW - Public health KW - Colour KW - Coloration KW - Compound eyes KW - Reproductive behaviour KW - Aquatic insects KW - Q1 08423:Behaviour KW - Y 25423:Insects KW - Q5 08524:Public health, medicines, dangerous organisms KW - Z 05192:Reproductive behavior UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/18852814?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aasfaaquaticpollution&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Medical+Entomology&rft.atitle=Unassisted+Isolated-pair+Mating+of+Anopheles+gambiae+%28Diptera%3A+Culicidae%29+Mosquitoes&rft.au=Benedict%2C+M+Q%3BRafferty%2C+C+S&rft.aulast=Benedict&rft.aufirst=M&rft.date=2002-11-01&rft.volume=39&rft.issue=6&rft.spage=942&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+Medical+Entomology&rft.issn=00222585&rft_id=info:doi/10.1043%2F0022-2585%282002%29039%280942%3AUIPMOA%292.0.CO%3B2 LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Last updated - 2016-05-27 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Biological vectors; Colour; Human diseases; Protozoan diseases; Density dependence; Compound eyes; Malaria; Reproductive behaviour; Aquatic insects; Public health; Mating behavior; Coloration; Compound eye; Culicidae; Anopheles gambiae DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1043/0022-2585(2002)039(0942:UIPMOA)2.0.CO;2 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - The Relationship Between Periodontal Disease Attributes and Helicobacter pylori Infection Among Adults in the United States AN - 18741786; 5615445 AB - Objectives. We investigated the relationship between Helicobacter pylori infection and abnormal periodontal conditions. Methods. Data from the first phase of the third National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey were used. A total of 4504 participants aged 20 to 59 years who completed a periodontal examination and tested positive for H. pylori antibodies were examined. Results. Periodontal pockets with a depth of 5 mm or more were associated with increased odds of H. pylori seropositivity (odds ratio [OR] = 1.47; 95% confidence interval [CI] = 1.12, 1.94) after adjustment for sociodemographic factors. This association is comparable to the independent effects of poverty on H. pylori (OR = 1.54; 95% CI = 1.10, 2.16). Conclusions. Poor periodontal health, characterized by advanced periodontal pockets, may be associated with H. pylori infection in adults, independent of poverty status. JF - American Journal of Public Health AU - Dye, BA AU - Kruszon-Moran, D AU - McQuillan, G AD - CDC/NCHS, 6525 Belcrest Rd, Room 900, Hyattsville, MD 20782, USA, bfd1@cdc.gov Y1 - 2002/11// PY - 2002 DA - Nov 2002 SP - 1809 EP - 1815 VL - 92 IS - 11 SN - 0090-0036, 0090-0036 KW - poverty KW - Microbiology Abstracts B: Bacteriology KW - J 02846:Gastrointestinal tract UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/18741786?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologyb&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=American+Journal+of+Public+Health&rft.atitle=The+Relationship+Between+Periodontal+Disease+Attributes+and+Helicobacter+pylori+Infection+Among+Adults+in+the+United+States&rft.au=Dye%2C+BA%3BKruszon-Moran%2C+D%3BMcQuillan%2C+G&rft.aulast=Dye&rft.aufirst=BA&rft.date=2002-11-01&rft.volume=92&rft.issue=11&rft.spage=1809&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=American+Journal+of+Public+Health&rft.issn=00900036&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Optimal Resource Allocation for Curing Chlamydia trachomatis Infection Among Asymptomatic Women at Clinics Operating on a Fixed Budget AN - 18741113; 5615978 AB - Goal: The goal was to determine the optimal strategy for screening coverage, test selection, and treatment for C trachomatis infection in asymptomatic women for a given family-planning-program budget. Study Design: We developed a resource allocation model to determine the optimal strategy using data from 5078 visits by women universally screened for C trachomatis infection in a publicly funded family planning clinic system in Philadelphia. We maximized the number of infected women cured from the clinic perspective and maximized the cost-savings from the healthcare system perspective. The model incorporated the following age distributions: 24 years (43%), with C trachomatis prevalences of 10.6%, 6.9%, and 2.3%, respectively. We modeled two screening test assays (DNA probe and ligase chain reaction [LCR] for cervical specimens) and two treatments (doxycycline and azithromycin). The model allowed for different test and treatment choices by age group. Results: At the baseline annual budget of $6 per visit, the strategy that maximized both the number of infected women cured and cost savings would be to screen all women with DNA probe and to treat all women with positive tests with azithromycin. This strategy would result in 183 women cured at a cost-savings of $140,176. Sensitivity analysis showed that the total budget had a great impact on the optimal strategy, incorporating screening coverage, test selection, and treatment. Conclusions: Using resource allocation models enables clinic managers operating with a fixed budget to identify a strategy that maximizes the number of asymptomatic women cured and cost savings when the clinic age distribution and age-specific C trachomatis prevalences are known. JF - Sexually Transmitted Diseases AU - Tao, G AU - Gift, T L AU - Walsh, C M AU - Irwin, K L AU - Kassler, W J AD - Division of STD Prevention, National Center for HIV, STD, and TB Prevention, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, 1600 Clifton Road NE, MS-E44, Atlanta, GA 30333, USA, gat3@cdc.gov Y1 - 2002/11// PY - 2002 DA - Nov 2002 SP - 703 EP - 709 VL - 29 IS - 11 KW - Microbiology Abstracts B: Bacteriology KW - J 02849:Sexually-transmitted diseases UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/18741113?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologyb&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Sexually+Transmitted+Diseases&rft.atitle=Optimal+Resource+Allocation+for+Curing+Chlamydia+trachomatis+Infection+Among+Asymptomatic+Women+at+Clinics+Operating+on+a+Fixed+Budget&rft.au=Tao%2C+G%3BGift%2C+T+L%3BWalsh%2C+C+M%3BIrwin%2C+K+L%3BKassler%2C+W+J&rft.aulast=Tao&rft.aufirst=G&rft.date=2002-11-01&rft.volume=29&rft.issue=11&rft.spage=703&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Sexually+Transmitted+Diseases&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - New Tests for the Detection of Oxacillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus AN - 18683765; 5564539 AB - Most methods currently available to clinical microbiology laboratories for phenotypic detection of oxacillin resistance in Staphylococcus aureus, e.g., MIC and disk diffusion methods, perform well if the tests are inoculated and incubated properly. However, in rare circumstances, additional testing for confirmation of susceptibility or resistance may be needed. These circumstances include the occurrence of extremely heterogeneous mecA-determined resistance where conventional methods may categorize the strain as susceptible. In addition, confirmation of borderline resistance determined by mechanisms other than the presence of the mecA gene may need to be verified because treatment with oxacillin may be effective. Several new methods that detect either the mecA gene or the gene product (e.g., penicillin-binding protein 2a, or PBP 2a) have been cleared by the Food and Drug Administration and are now available. These methods, including an easy-to-perform latex agglutination test, may be considered for use by many clinical laboratories when more sophisticated molecular techniques (i.e., PCR assay) are not available. JF - Clinical Microbiology Newsletter AU - Swenson, J M AD - Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA, USA, jswenson@cdc.gov Y1 - 2002/11/01/ PY - 2002 DA - 2002 Nov 01 SP - 159 EP - 163 VL - 24 IS - 21 SN - 0196-4399, 0196-4399 KW - mecA gene KW - oxacillin KW - Microbiology Abstracts A: Industrial & Applied Microbiology KW - A 01064:Microbial resistance UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/18683765?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologya&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Clinical+Microbiology+Newsletter&rft.atitle=New+Tests+for+the+Detection+of+Oxacillin-Resistant+Staphylococcus+aureus&rft.au=Swenson%2C+J+M&rft.aulast=Swenson&rft.aufirst=J&rft.date=2002-11-01&rft.volume=24&rft.issue=21&rft.spage=159&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Clinical+Microbiology+Newsletter&rft.issn=01964399&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Investigation of the relation between self-reported food consumption and household chemical exposures with urinary levels of selected nonpersistent pesticides AN - 18668518; 5564394 AB - Concerns about pesticide exposure through food consumption have increased during the past several years. The main objective of our study was to determine whetehr we could use data from the Third National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES III) to detect a relation between self-reported food consumption -- particularly consumption of fruits, vegetables, and bread products -- and urinary levels of pesticides or their metabolites in a population of 978 adults living in the US. A secondary objective was to investigate whether these urine levels differed for people who reported exposure to selected common household chemicals including bug or insect spray, weed killer, and mothballs or crystals. We used monthly food frequency data from the NHANES III, 1988-1994. Urinary pesticide/metabolite levels and information about chemical exposures were taken from the Priority Toxicant Reference Range Study (a component of the NHANES III). Six pesticides or their metabolites were detected in at least 50% of the sample, three of which -- 1-naphthol (86.4%), pentachlorophenol (62.5%), and 3,5,6-trichloro-2-pyridinol (82.0%) -- were possibly related to food consumption. We were unable to detect a relation between self-reported food consumption and their urinary levels. This may be due more to the limitations of the datasets than to a lack of a relation between food consumption and urine pesticide/metabolite levels. We did find that people who reported recently using selected common chemicals had higher geometric mean urine pesticide/metabolite levels than did people who reported not recently using these chemicals. JF - Journal of Exposure Analysis and Environmental Epidemiology AU - Kieszak, S M AU - Naeher, L P AU - Rubin, C S AU - Needham, L L AU - Backer, L AU - Barr, D AU - McGeehin, M AD - Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, National Center for Environmental Health, 1600 Clifton Road, NE (MS:E23), Atlanta, GA 30333, USA, sek7@cdc.gov Y1 - 2002/11// PY - 2002 DA - Nov 2002 SP - 404 EP - 408 VL - 12 IS - 6 SN - 1053-4245, 1053-4245 KW - exposure KW - man KW - Health & Safety Science Abstracts; Toxicology Abstracts KW - X 24120:Food, additives & contaminants KW - H 4000:Food and Drugs UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/18668518?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxicologyabstracts&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Exposure+Analysis+and+Environmental+Epidemiology&rft.atitle=Investigation+of+the+relation+between+self-reported+food+consumption+and+household+chemical+exposures+with+urinary+levels+of+selected+nonpersistent+pesticides&rft.au=Kieszak%2C+S+M%3BNaeher%2C+L+P%3BRubin%2C+C+S%3BNeedham%2C+L+L%3BBacker%2C+L%3BBarr%2C+D%3BMcGeehin%2C+M&rft.aulast=Kieszak&rft.aufirst=S&rft.date=2002-11-01&rft.volume=12&rft.issue=6&rft.spage=404&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+Exposure+Analysis+and+Environmental+Epidemiology&rft.issn=10534245&rft_id=info:doi/10.1038%2Fsj.jea.7500242 LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/sj.jea.7500242 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Pesticide Use and Practices in an Iowa Farm Family Pesticide Exposure Study AN - 18652901; 5558883 AB - Residents of Iowa were enrolled in a study investigating differences in pesticide contamination and exposure factors between 25 farm homes and 25 non-farm homes. The target pesticides investigated were atrazine, metolachlor, acetochlor, alachlor, 2,4-D, glyphosate, and chlorpyrifos; all were applied to either corn or soybean crops. A questionnaire was administered to all participants to determine residential pesticide use in and around the home. In addition, a questionnaire was administered to the farmers to determine the agricultural pesticides they used on the farm and their application practices. Non-agricultural pesticides were used more in and around farm homes than non-farm homes. Atrazine was the agricultural pesticide used most by farmers. Most farmers applied pesticides themselves but only 10 (59%) used tractors with enclosed cabs, and they typically wore little personal protective equipment (PPE). On almost every farm, more than one agricultural pesticide was applied. Corn was grown by 23 (92%) farmers and soybeans by 12 (48%) farmers. Of these, 10 (40%) grew both soybeans and corn, with only 2 (8%) growing only soybeans and 13 (52%) growing only corn. The majority of farmers changed from their work clothes and shoes in the home, and when they changed outside or in the garage, they usually brought their clothes and shoes inside. Applying pesticides using tractors with open cabs, not wearing PPE, and changing from work clothes in the home may increase pesticide exposure and contamination. Almost half of the 66 farm children less than 16 years of age were engaged in some form of farm chores, with 6 (9%) potentially directly exposed to pesticides, while only 2 (4%) of the 52 non-farm children less than 16 years of age had farm chores, and none were directly exposed to pesticides. Farm homes may be contaminated with pesticides in several ways, resulting in potentially more contamination than non-farm homes, and farm children may be directly exposed to pesticides through farm chores involving pesticides. In addition to providing a description of pesticide use, the data presented here will be useful in evaluating potential contributing factors to household pesticide contamination and family exposure. JF - Journal of Agricultural Safety and Health AU - Curwin, B AU - Sanderson, W AU - Reynolds, S AU - Hein, M AU - Alavanja, M AD - National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, 4676 Columbia Parkway MS R-14, Cincinnati, OH 45220, USA, bcurwin@cdc.gov Y1 - 2002/11// PY - 2002 DA - Nov 2002 SP - 423 EP - 433 VL - 8 IS - 4 SN - 1074-7583, 1074-7583 KW - farming KW - man KW - Health & Safety Science Abstracts; Toxicology Abstracts KW - H 5000:Pesticides KW - X 24136:Environmental impact UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/18652901?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxicologyabstracts&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Agricultural+Safety+and+Health&rft.atitle=Pesticide+Use+and+Practices+in+an+Iowa+Farm+Family+Pesticide+Exposure+Study&rft.au=Curwin%2C+B%3BSanderson%2C+W%3BReynolds%2C+S%3BHein%2C+M%3BAlavanja%2C+M&rft.aulast=Curwin&rft.aufirst=B&rft.date=2002-11-01&rft.volume=8&rft.issue=4&rft.spage=423&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+Agricultural+Safety+and+Health&rft.issn=10747583&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Defibrination of Blood Plasma for Use in Serological Tests for Syphilis AN - 18612718; 5473260 AB - Syphilitic plasma can be salvaged from discarded blood donations and converted to serum by defibrination. Sixty-nine units of plasma were treated with a stock solution of 100 U of thrombin per ml in 1 M calcium chloride and then with a 10% (wt/vol) solution of kaolin. Fibrinogen concentrations detected in initial plasma samples ranged from 94 to 4,970 mg/liter (mean, 2,532 mg/liter) for samples that were reactive by the rapid plasma reagin circle card test (RPR) and from 314 to 2,742 mg/liter (mean 1,528 mg/liter) for samples that were not reactive by the RPR. The treated samples showed no measurable fibrinogen remaining after the defibrination process. In the nontreponemal RPR for syphilis, 86% of the treated plasma samples retained the same endpoint titer as that of the initial plasma sample. When the Treponema pallidum passive- particle-agglutination test was used, 98% retained the same reactivity. In the Captia Syphilis-G enzyme immunoassay, 89% of the treated samples demonstrated no change in reactivity index, and in the fluorescent treponemal antibody absorption test, 96% showed no reduction in fluorescence. Human sera containing antibodies to syphilis are used at the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention for the preparation of reference controls or as samples for proficiency testing. Finding reactive sera is becoming more difficult due to the general decline of syphilis cases in the United States. The decreasing availability of these sera can be alleviated by salvaging plasma and converting it to serum. JF - Clinical and Diagnostic Laboratory Immunology AU - Castro, A R AU - Kikkert, SE AU - Fears, M B AU - Pope, V AD - Division of AIDS, STD, and TB Laboratory Research, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, 1600 Clifton Rd, Mail Stop D-13, Atlanta, GA 30333, acastro@cdc.gov Y1 - 2002/11// PY - 2002 DA - Nov 2002 SP - 1376 EP - 1378 VL - 9 IS - 6 SN - 1071-412X, 1071-412X KW - calcium chloride KW - fibrinogen KW - kaolin KW - man KW - Immunology Abstracts; Microbiology Abstracts B: Bacteriology KW - F 06723:Other labelling methods KW - J 02705:Others UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/18612718?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologyb&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Clinical+and+Diagnostic+Laboratory+Immunology&rft.atitle=Defibrination+of+Blood+Plasma+for+Use+in+Serological+Tests+for+Syphilis&rft.au=Castro%2C+A+R%3BKikkert%2C+SE%3BFears%2C+M+B%3BPope%2C+V&rft.aulast=Castro&rft.aufirst=A&rft.date=2002-11-01&rft.volume=9&rft.issue=6&rft.spage=1376&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Clinical+and+Diagnostic+Laboratory+Immunology&rft.issn=1071412X&rft_id=info:doi/10.1128%2FCDLI.9.6.1376-1378.2002 LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/CDLI.9.6.1376-1378.2002 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Multicenter Evaluation of Ethambutol Susceptibility Testing of Mycobacterium tuberculosis by Agar Proportion and Radiometric Methods AN - 18512137; 5472433 AB - Reproducibility of ethambutol (EMB) susceptibility test results for Mycobacterium tuberculosis has always been difficult for a variety of reasons, including the narrow range between the critical breakpoint for EMB resistance and the MIC for susceptible strains, borderline results obtained with the BACTEC 460TB method, the presence of microcolonies determined using the agar proportion (AP) method, and a lack of agreement between these two testing methods. To assess the frequency of these problems, M. tuberculosis drug susceptibility data were collected in a multicenter study involving four laboratories. Resistant, borderline, and susceptible isolates were shared among the laboratories to measure interlaboratory test agreement. Half of isolates determined by BACTEC 460TB to be resistant were determined to be susceptible by the AP method. Isolates determined to be resistant to EMB by both BACTEC 460TB and AP methods were almost always resistant to isoniazid. Results from isolates tested by the BACTEC 460TB method with an EMB concentration of 3.75 mu g/ml in addition to the standard 2.5 mu g/ml did not show improved agreement by the AP method. While these results do not indicate that the AP method is more accurate than the BACTEC 460TB method, laboratories should not report EMB monoresistance based on BACTEC 460TB results alone. Monoresistance to EMB should only be reported following confirmation by the AP method. Microcolonies could not be confirmed as resistant by the BACTEC 460TB method or by repeat testing with the AP method and do not appear to be indicative of resistance. JF - Journal of Clinical Microbiology AU - Madison, B AU - Robinson-Dunn, B AU - George, I AU - Gross, W AU - Lipman, H AU - Metchock, B AU - Sloutsky, A AU - Washabaugh, G AU - Mazurek, G AU - Ridderhof, J AD - Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, 4770 Buford Highway, N.E., Mail Stop G-25, Atlanta, GA 30347, bdm6@cdc.gov Y1 - 2002/11// PY - 2002 DA - Nov 2002 SP - 3976 EP - 3979 VL - 40 IS - 11 SN - 0095-1137, 0095-1137 KW - agar proportion method KW - evaluation KW - Microbiology Abstracts A: Industrial & Applied Microbiology; Microbiology Abstracts B: Bacteriology KW - A 01116:Bacteria KW - J 02705:Others UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/18512137?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologyb&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Clinical+Microbiology&rft.atitle=Multicenter+Evaluation+of+Ethambutol+Susceptibility+Testing+of+Mycobacterium+tuberculosis+by+Agar+Proportion+and+Radiometric+Methods&rft.au=Madison%2C+B%3BRobinson-Dunn%2C+B%3BGeorge%2C+I%3BGross%2C+W%3BLipman%2C+H%3BMetchock%2C+B%3BSloutsky%2C+A%3BWashabaugh%2C+G%3BMazurek%2C+G%3BRidderhof%2C+J&rft.aulast=Madison&rft.aufirst=B&rft.date=2002-11-01&rft.volume=40&rft.issue=11&rft.spage=3976&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+Clinical+Microbiology&rft.issn=00951137&rft_id=info:doi/10.1128%2FJCM.40.11.3976-3979.2002 LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/JCM.40.11.3976-3979.2002 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Clinical and Immune Impact of Mycobacterium bovis BCG Vaccination Scarring AN - 18501756; 5464252 AB - The World Health Organization recommends Mycobacterium bovis BCG vaccination in areas of high tuberculosis prevalence. BCG's clinical and immune effects, not necessarily Mycobacterium tuberculosis specific, are unclear. BCG vaccine scarring often is used as a surrogate marker of vaccination or of effective vaccination. We evaluated BCG scarring status in relation to clinical findings and outcome in 700 hospitalized Malawians, of whom 32 had M. tuberculosis bloodstream infections (BSI) (10 of whom had cellular immune studies done) and of whom 48 were infants =]6 months old, scarring was not related to the presence of pulmonary symptoms (35 versus 30%), chronic cough or fever, mortality, or M. tuberculosis BSI. In M. tuberculosis BSI patients, scarring was unrelated to mortality, vital signs, or clinical symptoms but those with scarring had higher proportions of memory and activated T cells and more type 2-skewed cytokine profiles. Infants with either BCG scarring (n = 10) or BCG lesional inflammation (n = 5) had no symptoms of sepsis, but 18 of 33 infants without BCG vaccination lesions did. Those with BCG lesions had localized infections more often than did those without BCG lesions. These infants also had lower median percentages of lymphocytes spontaneously making interleukin-4 (IL-4) or tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-[alpha]) and lower ratios of T cells spontaneously making IL-4 to T cells making IL-6. Thus, we found that, in older patients, BCG vaccine scarring was not associated with M. tuberculosis-specific or nonspecific clinical protection. Those with M. tuberculosis BSI and scarring had immune findings suggesting previous M. tuberculosis antigen exposure and induction of a type 2 cytokine pattern with acute reexposure. It is unlikely that this type 2 pattern would be protective against mycobacteria, which require a type 1 response for effective containment. In infants <6 months old, recent BCG vaccination was associated with a non-M. tuberculosis-specific, anti- inflammatory cytokine profile. That the vaccinated infants had a greater frequency of localized infections and lesser frequency of sepsis symptoms suggests that this postvaccination cytokine pattern may provide some non-M. tuberculosis-specific clinical benefits. JF - Infection and Immunity AU - Jason, J AU - Archibald, L K AU - Nwanyanwu, O C AU - Kazembe, P N AU - Chatt, JA AU - Norton, E AU - Dobbie, H AU - Jarvis, W R AD - Mailstop A-25, DASTLR, NCID, CDC, 1600 Clifton Rd. N.E., Atlanta, GA 30333, JMJ1@cdc.gov Y1 - 2002/11// PY - 2002 DA - Nov 2002 SP - 6188 EP - 6195 VL - 70 IS - 11 SN - 0019-9567, 0019-9567 KW - man KW - Immunology Abstracts; Microbiology Abstracts B: Bacteriology KW - J 02834:Vaccination and immunization KW - F 06807:Active immunization UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/18501756?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologyb&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Infection+and+Immunity&rft.atitle=Clinical+and+Immune+Impact+of+Mycobacterium+bovis+BCG+Vaccination+Scarring&rft.au=Jason%2C+J%3BArchibald%2C+L+K%3BNwanyanwu%2C+O+C%3BKazembe%2C+P+N%3BChatt%2C+JA%3BNorton%2C+E%3BDobbie%2C+H%3BJarvis%2C+W+R&rft.aulast=Jason&rft.aufirst=J&rft.date=2002-11-01&rft.volume=70&rft.issue=11&rft.spage=6188&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Infection+and+Immunity&rft.issn=00199567&rft_id=info:doi/10.1128%2FIAI.70.11.6188-6195.2002 LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/IAI.70.11.6188-6195.2002 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Outbreak of listeriosis--northeastern United States, 2002. AN - 72678178; 12437035 AB - A multistate outbreak of Listeria monocytogenes infections with 46 culture-confirmed cases, seven deaths, and three stillbirths or miscarriages in eight states has been linked to eating sliceable turkey deli meat. Cases have been reported from Pennsylvania (14 cases), New York (11 in New York City and seven in other locations), New Jersey (five), Delaware (four), Maryland (two), Connecticut (one), Massachusetts (one), and Michigan (one). Culture dates ranged from July 18 to September 30, 2002; case-finding is ongoing. Outbreak isolates share a relatively uncommon pulsed-field gel electrophoresis (PFGE) pattern. JF - MMWR. Morbidity and mortality weekly report AU - Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) AD - Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) Y1 - 2002/10/25/ PY - 2002 DA - 2002 Oct 25 SP - 950 EP - 951 VL - 51 IS - 42 SN - 0149-2195, 0149-2195 KW - Index Medicus KW - Humans KW - Food Handling KW - New England -- epidemiology KW - Disease Outbreaks KW - Listeriosis -- epidemiology KW - Listeria monocytogenes -- isolation & purification KW - Foodborne Diseases -- epidemiology KW - Poultry Products -- microbiology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/72678178?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=MMWR.+Morbidity+and+mortality+weekly+report&rft.atitle=Outbreak+of+listeriosis--northeastern+United+States%2C+2002.&rft.au=Centers+for+Disease+Control+and+Prevention+%28CDC%29&rft.aulast=Centers+for+Disease+Control+and+Prevention+%28CDC%29&rft.aufirst=&rft.date=2002-10-25&rft.volume=51&rft.issue=42&rft.spage=950&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=MMWR.+Morbidity+and+mortality+weekly+report&rft.issn=01492195&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 2002-11-25 N1 - Date created - 2002-11-19 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Association between chronic obstructive pulmonary disease and employment by industry and occupation in the US population: a study of data from the Third National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey. AN - 72155599; 12370162 AB - Data from the US population-based Third National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey, conducted from 1988 to 1994, were used to estimate the population prevalence, prevalence odds ratios, and attributable fractions for the association of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) with employment by industry and occupation. The aim was to identify industries and occupations at increased risk of COPD. COPD was defined as forced expiratory volume in 1 second (FEV(1))/forced vital capacity <70% and FEV(1 )<80% predicted. The authors used SUDAAN software (Research Triangle Institute, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina) to estimate the weighted population prevalence and odds ratios using 9,823 subjects aged 30-75 years who underwent lung function tests. Odds ratios for COPD, adjusted for age, smoking status, pack-years of smoking, body mass index, education, and socioeconomic status, were increased for the following industries: rubber, plastics, and leather manufacturing; utilities; office building services; textile mill products manufacturing; the armed forces; food products manufacturing; repair services and gas stations; agriculture; sales; construction; transportation and trucking; personal services; and health care. Occupations associated with increased odds ratios for COPD were freight, stock, and material handlers; records processing and distribution clerks; sales; transportation-related occupations; machine operators; construction trades; and waitresses. The fraction of COPD attributable to work was estimated as 19.2% overall and 31.1% among never smokers. JF - American journal of epidemiology AU - Hnizdo, Eva AU - Sullivan, Patricia A AU - Bang, Ki Moon AU - Wagner, Gregory AD - Division of Respiratory Disease Studies, National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Morgantown, WV 26505, USA. Exh6@cdc.gov Y1 - 2002/10/15/ PY - 2002 DA - 2002 Oct 15 SP - 738 EP - 746 VL - 156 IS - 8 SN - 0002-9262, 0002-9262 KW - Index Medicus KW - Software KW - Odds Ratio KW - Social Class KW - Humans KW - Health Surveys KW - Adult KW - Aged KW - Middle Aged KW - Male KW - Female KW - Risk Assessment KW - Prevalence KW - Occupational Exposure KW - Employment -- statistics & numerical data KW - Pulmonary Disease, Chronic Obstructive -- epidemiology KW - Pulmonary Disease, Chronic Obstructive -- economics KW - Occupations -- statistics & numerical data KW - Pulmonary Disease, Chronic Obstructive -- etiology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/72155599?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=American+journal+of+epidemiology&rft.atitle=Association+between+chronic+obstructive+pulmonary+disease+and+employment+by+industry+and+occupation+in+the+US+population%3A+a+study+of+data+from+the+Third+National+Health+and+Nutrition+Examination+Survey.&rft.au=Hnizdo%2C+Eva%3BSullivan%2C+Patricia+A%3BBang%2C+Ki+Moon%3BWagner%2C+Gregory&rft.aulast=Hnizdo&rft.aufirst=Eva&rft.date=2002-10-15&rft.volume=156&rft.issue=8&rft.spage=738&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=American+journal+of+epidemiology&rft.issn=00029262&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 2002-10-29 N1 - Date created - 2002-10-08 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Ciprofloxacin for the treatment of uncomplicated gonorrhea infection in adolescents: does the benefit outweigh the risk? AN - 72127497; 12353206 AB - The highest rates of reported gonorrhea infections occur among adolescent females aged 15-19 years. Among the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC)-recommended single-dose gonorrhea treatment regimens, ciprofloxacin, a fluoroquinolone antibiotic, is approximately half the cost of other CDC-recommended oral treatment regimens. Fluoroquinolone use in patients aged <18 years has been limited because of irreversible articular cartilage damage demonstrated in large, weight-bearing joints of young animals. We reviewed the medical literature to assess whether the risks of a single 500-mg dose of ciprofloxacin to treat uncomplicated gonorrhea infection in adolescents appears to outweigh the benefits. We found no reports of irreversible cartilage toxicity or age-associated adverse events in 5236 human children and adolescents (aged 5 days-24 years) treated with a total of 5486 courses of fluoroquinolones. JF - Clinical infectious diseases : an official publication of the Infectious Diseases Society of America AU - Burstein, Gale R AU - Berman, Stuart M AU - Blumer, Jeffery L AU - Moran, John S AD - Division of HIV and AIDS Prevention, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA 30333, USA. gib5@cdc.gov Y1 - 2002/10/15/ PY - 2002 DA - 2002 Oct 15 SP - S191 EP - S199 VL - 35 KW - Anti-Infective Agents KW - 0 KW - Ciprofloxacin KW - 5E8K9I0O4U KW - Index Medicus KW - Humans KW - Adolescent KW - Risk Assessment KW - Anti-Infective Agents -- therapeutic use KW - Anti-Infective Agents -- adverse effects KW - Gonorrhea -- pathology KW - Gonorrhea -- economics KW - Ciprofloxacin -- therapeutic use KW - Ciprofloxacin -- adverse effects KW - Gonorrhea -- drug therapy UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/72127497?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Clinical+infectious+diseases+%3A+an+official+publication+of+the+Infectious+Diseases+Society+of+America&rft.atitle=Ciprofloxacin+for+the+treatment+of+uncomplicated+gonorrhea+infection+in+adolescents%3A+does+the+benefit+outweigh+the+risk%3F&rft.au=Burstein%2C+Gale+R%3BBerman%2C+Stuart+M%3BBlumer%2C+Jeffery+L%3BMoran%2C+John+S&rft.aulast=Burstein&rft.aufirst=Gale&rft.date=2002-10-15&rft.volume=35&rft.issue=&rft.spage=S191&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Clinical+infectious+diseases+%3A+an+official+publication+of+the+Infectious+Diseases+Society+of+America&rft.issn=1537-6591&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 2002-10-17 N1 - Date created - 2002-09-27 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Analytical methods for biological monitoring of exposure to pesticides: a review. AN - 72181622; 12376114 AB - Synthetic pesticides have been used since in the early to mid twentieth century. In the US alone, over 800 pesticide active ingredients are formulated in about 21,000 different commercial products. Although many public health benefits have been realized by the use of pesticides, their potential impact on the environment and public health is substantial. For risk assessment studies, exposure assessment is an integral component, which has unfortunately, often been weak or missing. In the past several decades, researchers have proposed to fill these missing data gaps using biological monitoring of specific markers related to exposures. In this paper, we present a review of existing analytical methodology for the biological monitoring of exposure to pesticides. We also present a critical assessment of the existing methodology and explore areas in which more research is needed. Copyright 2002 Elsevier Science B.V. JF - Journal of chromatography. B, Analytical technologies in the biomedical and life sciences AU - Barr, Dana B AU - Needham, Larry L AD - Division of Laboratory Sciences, National Center for Environmental Health, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, 4770 Buford Highway NE, Mailstop F17, Atlanta, GA 30341, USA. dbarr@cdc.gov Y1 - 2002/10/05/ PY - 2002 DA - 2002 Oct 05 SP - 5 EP - 29 VL - 778 IS - 1-2 SN - 1570-0232, 1570-0232 KW - Pesticides KW - 0 KW - Index Medicus KW - Humans KW - Risk Assessment KW - Pesticides -- analysis KW - Environmental Monitoring UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/72181622?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+chromatography.+B%2C+Analytical+technologies+in+the+biomedical+and+life+sciences&rft.atitle=Analytical+methods+for+biological+monitoring+of+exposure+to+pesticides%3A+a+review.&rft.au=Barr%2C+Dana+B%3BNeedham%2C+Larry+L&rft.aulast=Barr&rft.aufirst=Dana&rft.date=2002-10-05&rft.volume=778&rft.issue=1-2&rft.spage=5&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+chromatography.+B%2C+Analytical+technologies+in+the+biomedical+and+life+sciences&rft.issn=15700232&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 2003-04-08 N1 - Date created - 2002-10-11 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - A multi-analyte method for the quantification of contemporary pesticides in human serum and plasma using high-resolution mass spectrometry. AN - 72175624; 12376118 AB - We have developed a sensitive and accurate analytical method for quantifying 29 contemporary pesticides in human serum or plasma. These pesticides include organophosphates, carbamates, chloroacetanilides, and synthetic pyrethroids among others and include pesticides used in agricultural and residential settings. Our method employs a simple solid-phase extraction followed by a highly selective analysis using isotope dilution gas chromatography-high-resolution mass spectrometry. Our method is very accurate, has limits of detection in the low pg/g range and coefficients of variation of typically less than 20% at the low pg/g end of the method linear range. We have used this method to measure plasma pesticide concentrations in females living in an urban area. We found detectable concentrations of carbaryl/naphthalene, propoxur, bendiocarb, chlorpyrifos, diazinon, dicloran, captan and folpet or their metabolites in more than 20% of the plasma samples tested. Copyright 2002 Elsevier Science B.V. JF - Journal of chromatography. B, Analytical technologies in the biomedical and life sciences AU - Barr, Dana B AU - Barr, John R AU - Maggio, Vincent L AU - Whitehead, Ralph D AU - Sadowski, Melissa A AU - Whyatt, Robin M AU - Needham, Larry L AD - Division of Laboratory Sciences, National Center for Environmental Health, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, 4770 Buford Hwy NE, Mailstop F17, Atlanta, GA 30341, USA. dbarr@cdc.gov Y1 - 2002/10/05/ PY - 2002 DA - 2002 Oct 05 SP - 99 EP - 111 VL - 778 IS - 1-2 SN - 1570-0232, 1570-0232 KW - Pesticides KW - 0 KW - Index Medicus KW - Sensitivity and Specificity KW - Reproducibility of Results KW - Humans KW - Reference Standards KW - Calibration KW - Female KW - Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry -- methods KW - Pesticides -- blood UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/72175624?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+chromatography.+B%2C+Analytical+technologies+in+the+biomedical+and+life+sciences&rft.atitle=A+multi-analyte+method+for+the+quantification+of+contemporary+pesticides+in+human+serum+and+plasma+using+high-resolution+mass+spectrometry.&rft.au=Barr%2C+Dana+B%3BBarr%2C+John+R%3BMaggio%2C+Vincent+L%3BWhitehead%2C+Ralph+D%3BSadowski%2C+Melissa+A%3BWhyatt%2C+Robin+M%3BNeedham%2C+Larry+L&rft.aulast=Barr&rft.aufirst=Dana&rft.date=2002-10-05&rft.volume=778&rft.issue=1-2&rft.spage=99&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+chromatography.+B%2C+Analytical+technologies+in+the+biomedical+and+life+sciences&rft.issn=15700232&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 2003-04-08 N1 - Date created - 2002-10-11 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Cost-Benefit Analysis of a New HEDIS Performance Measure for Pneumococcal Vaccination AN - 746306791; 12991282 AB - Objectives. Measurement ofthe quality of care provided by managed care organizations (MCOs) has achieved national prominence, though there is controversy regarding its value. This article assesses the economic implications ofa new Health Plan Employer Data and Information Set (HEDIS+) measure for pneumococcal vaccination Methods.A Markov decision model, with Monte Carlo simulations, was utilized to conduct a cost-benefit analysis of annual HEDIS-associated interventions, which were repeated for 5 consecutive years, in an average Medicare MCO, using a societal perspective and a 3% annual discount rate Results.Compared with the status quo, the HEDIS intervention will be cost saving 99.8% ofthe time, with an average net savings of $3.80 per enrollee (95% probability interval: $0.73 $6.87) Conclusions.The new HEDIS measure will save societal dollars. This type of analysis is essential if performance measurement is to become a legitimate part of our health care landscape. JF - Medical Decision Making AU - Ahmed, Faruque AU - Elbasha, Elamin E AU - Thompson, Betsy L AU - Harris, Jeffrey R AU - Sneller, Vishnu-Priya AD - Epidemiology Program Office, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA, fahmed@cdc.gov Y1 - 2002/10// PY - 2002 DA - Oct 2002 SP - S58 EP - S66 PB - Sage Publications Ltd., 6 Bonhill St. London EC2A 4PU UK VL - 22 IS - 5 SN - 0272-989X, 0272-989X KW - Microbiology Abstracts B: Bacteriology KW - cost-benefit KW - cost-effectiveness KW - health maintenance organizations KW - intervention KW - managed care programs KW - outcomes assessment (health care) KW - performance measures KW - pneumococcal vaccine KW - quality of health care KW - Cost-benefit analysis KW - Monte Carlo simulation KW - Decision making KW - Streptococcus pneumoniae KW - Data processing KW - Economics KW - Landscape KW - Vaccination KW - Models KW - J 02350:Immunology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/746306791?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologyb&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Medical+Decision+Making&rft.atitle=Cost-Benefit+Analysis+of+a+New+HEDIS+Performance+Measure+for+Pneumococcal+Vaccination&rft.au=Ahmed%2C+Faruque%3BElbasha%2C+Elamin+E%3BThompson%2C+Betsy+L%3BHarris%2C+Jeffrey+R%3BSneller%2C+Vishnu-Priya&rft.aulast=Ahmed&rft.aufirst=Faruque&rft.date=2002-10-01&rft.volume=22&rft.issue=5&rft.spage=S58&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Medical+Decision+Making&rft.issn=0272989X&rft_id=info:doi/10.1177%2F027298902237711 LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2010-06-01 N1 - Number of references - 80 N1 - Last updated - 2015-03-31 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Monte Carlo simulation; Cost-benefit analysis; Decision making; Data processing; Landscape; Economics; Vaccination; Models; Streptococcus pneumoniae DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/027298902237711 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Cyclospora spp. AN - 72870742; 12686886 AB - Infection with Cyclospora cayetanensis continues to pose many questions, both in endemic populations and in travelers and food-borne outbreaks. The present review discusses existing knowledge but focuses more on what is yet to be learned about this infection. Information on the parasite in endemic settings continues to be gathered, and similarities to and differences from other intestinal coccidia, especially Cryptosporidium spp., are becoming clearer. Food-borne outbreaks in North America continue despite efforts to identify and limit importation of particular items, such as berries, at certain times of the year. Study of Cyclospora spp. found in east African primates has shed some light on human infection but raises many new questions regarding the biology of the organism. Despite new information being gathered regarding Cyclospora spp., including infection rates in various age and population groups, significant gaps remain in our knowledge of such basic issues as the factors that influence infectivity, seasonality, mode of food contamination, and geographic distribution. These gaps highlight the need for continued study on a variety of fronts, including surveillance, and clinical and basic biology. JF - Current opinion in infectious diseases AU - Eberhard, Mark L AU - Arrowood, Michael J AD - Division of Parasitic Diseases, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia 30341, USA. mle1@cdc.gov Y1 - 2002/10// PY - 2002 DA - October 2002 SP - 519 EP - 522 VL - 15 IS - 5 SN - 0951-7375, 0951-7375 KW - Index Medicus KW - Animals KW - Food Microbiology KW - North America -- epidemiology KW - Humans KW - Seasons KW - Disease Outbreaks KW - Cyclospora -- isolation & purification KW - Cyclosporiasis -- parasitology KW - Cyclosporiasis -- epidemiology KW - Cyclospora -- physiology KW - Cyclospora -- genetics KW - Cyclospora -- pathogenicity UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/72870742?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Current+opinion+in+infectious+diseases&rft.atitle=Cyclospora+spp.&rft.au=Eberhard%2C+Mark+L%3BArrowood%2C+Michael+J&rft.aulast=Eberhard&rft.aufirst=Mark&rft.date=2002-10-01&rft.volume=15&rft.issue=5&rft.spage=519&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Current+opinion+in+infectious+diseases&rft.issn=09517375&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 2003-05-07 N1 - Date created - 2003-04-10 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Increased mortality in children and adolescents with developmental disabilities. AN - 72714799; 12445156 AB - A population-based cohort of 10-year-old children with mental retardation, cerebral palsy, epilepsy, hearing impairment or vision impairment, who were ascertained at 10 years of age in a previous study conducted in metro Atlanta during 1985-87, was followed up for mortality and cause of death information. We used the National Death Index to identify all deaths among cohort members during the follow-up period (1985-95). We estimated expected numbers of deaths on the basis of actual age-, race- and sex-specific death rates for the entire Georgia population for 1989-91. The objective was to quantify the magnitude of increased mortality and evaluate the contribution of specific disabilities to mortality among children and adolescents with one or more of five developmental disabilities. A total of 30 deaths were observed; 10.1 deaths were expected, yielding an observed-to-expected mortality ratio of almost three to one. The numbers of observed deaths exceeded those of expected deaths, regardless of the number of disabilities present, but the ratios were statistically significant (at the 95% confidence level) only in children with three or more co-existing disabilities. In general, the magnitude of the mortality ratios was directly related to various measures of the severity of the person's disability. An exception to this pattern was the elevated mortality from cardiovascular disease among cohort members with isolated mental retardation (three observed deaths vs. 0.2 expected). The specific underlying causes of death among other deceased cohort members included some that were the putative cause of the developmental disability (e.g. a genetic syndrome) and others that could be considered intercurrent diseases or secondary health conditions (e.g. asthma). Prevention efforts to decrease mortality in adolescents and young adults with developmental disabilities may need to address serious conditions that are secondary to the underlying disability (i.e. infections, asthma, seizures) rather than towards injuries, accidents and poisonings, the primary causes of death for persons in this age group in the general population. JF - Paediatric and perinatal epidemiology AU - Decouflé, Pierre AU - Autry, Andrew AD - Developmental Disabilities, National Center on Birth Defects and Developmental Disabilities, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA, USA. Y1 - 2002/10// PY - 2002 DA - October 2002 SP - 375 EP - 382 VL - 16 IS - 4 SN - 0269-5022, 0269-5022 KW - Index Medicus KW - Intellectual Disability -- mortality KW - Humans KW - Child KW - Cause of Death KW - Cerebral Palsy -- mortality KW - Comorbidity KW - Survival Rate KW - Georgia -- epidemiology KW - Cohort Studies KW - Follow-Up Studies KW - Adolescent KW - Epilepsy -- mortality KW - Male KW - Female KW - Developmental Disabilities -- mortality UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/72714799?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Paediatric+and+perinatal+epidemiology&rft.atitle=Increased+mortality+in+children+and+adolescents+with+developmental+disabilities.&rft.au=Decoufl%C3%A9%2C+Pierre%3BAutry%2C+Andrew&rft.aulast=Decoufl%C3%A9&rft.aufirst=Pierre&rft.date=2002-10-01&rft.volume=16&rft.issue=4&rft.spage=375&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Paediatric+and+perinatal+epidemiology&rft.issn=02695022&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 2003-04-04 N1 - Date created - 2002-11-26 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Hazard identification in occupational injury: reflections on standard epidemiologic methods. AN - 72635963; 12412854 AB - To prevent workplace injuries, epidemiologic research must continue to progress beyond methods originally used for acute or chronic diseases. For injury research, exposure assessment requires increased sophistication because exposures comprise multiple, transient factors and complex work activities. Frequently reported risk factors such as age, gender, seniority, or prior injury are often confounders or effect-modifiers of unknown exposures. Injury rate calculations across nominal categories, e.g., department or job classification, identify where hazards are concentrated but provide little insight into their nature; injury counts often perform almost as well. Calculation of rates in relation to time actually spent in plausible etiologic exposure conditions usually is not feasible. Generalization of the Haddon approach for individual injury events to systematically analyze injury case series can identify both the mechanism of injury and the relative occurrences of high-risk conditions. In some contexts, case-crossover designs may elucidate injury causation. National databases and information systems of employers, insurers, and equipment suppliers could contribute case series for injury hazard identification. By enhancing exposure assessment through a focus on case series, epidemiologic research can expand its contribution to preventing workplace injuries. JF - International journal of occupational and environmental health AU - Park, Robert M AD - Education and Information Division, Risk Evaluation Branch, National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, Cincinnati, Ohio 45226, USA. rhp9@cdc.gov PY - 2002 SP - 354 EP - 362 VL - 8 IS - 4 SN - 1077-3525, 1077-3525 KW - Index Medicus KW - Occupational Health KW - Occupational Exposure -- statistics & numerical data KW - Epidemiologic Methods KW - Risk Factors KW - Humans KW - Occupational Exposure -- adverse effects KW - United States -- epidemiology KW - Occupational Exposure -- analysis KW - Wounds and Injuries -- epidemiology KW - Wounds and Injuries -- etiology KW - Accidents, Occupational -- statistics & numerical data UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/72635963?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=International+journal+of+occupational+and+environmental+health&rft.atitle=Hazard+identification+in+occupational+injury%3A+reflections+on+standard+epidemiologic+methods.&rft.au=Park%2C+Robert+M&rft.aulast=Park&rft.aufirst=Robert&rft.date=2002-10-01&rft.volume=8&rft.issue=4&rft.spage=354&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=International+journal+of+occupational+and+environmental+health&rft.issn=10773525&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 2003-02-07 N1 - Date created - 2002-11-04 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Work-related exacerbation of asthma. AN - 72630683; 12412844 AB - Adults with asthma who had been enrolled in an HMO for at least a year were requested to complete a questionnaire about their health status. Approximately 25% of the 1,461 participants responded positively to "Does your current work environment make your asthma worse?" and were classified as having workplace exacerbation of asthma. Those with workplace exacerbation were more likely to have never attended college, be current or former smokers, have a history of other respiratory diseases, have missed work or usual activities at least one day in the past for weeks, and report their asthma was moderate, severe, or very severe. Percentages with workplace exacerbation of asthma were highest for mining and construction (36%), wholesale and retail trade (33%), and public administration (33%), and lowest for educational services (22%), finance, insurance, and real estate (22%), and non-medical and non-educational services (18%). Future studies are needed for objective validation of self-reported workplace exacerbation, and to follow subjects prospectively to clarify the temporal sequence of workplace exacerbation and asthma severity, and how other respiratory conditions and smoking might contribute to work-related worsening of asthma. JF - International journal of occupational and environmental health AU - Henneberger, Paul K AU - Hoffman, Christopher D AU - Magid, David J AU - Lyons, Ella E AD - Division of Respiratory Disease Studies, National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Morgantown, West Virginia 26505, USA. pkh0@cdc.gov PY - 2002 SP - 291 EP - 296 VL - 8 IS - 4 SN - 1077-3525, 1077-3525 KW - Index Medicus KW - United States KW - Socioeconomic Factors KW - Health Maintenance Organizations KW - Humans KW - Adult KW - Surveys and Questionnaires KW - Occupations KW - Adolescent KW - Male KW - Female KW - Asthma -- epidemiology KW - Occupational Exposure -- adverse effects KW - Workplace KW - Asthma -- physiopathology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/72630683?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=International+journal+of+occupational+and+environmental+health&rft.atitle=Work-related+exacerbation+of+asthma.&rft.au=Henneberger%2C+Paul+K%3BHoffman%2C+Christopher+D%3BMagid%2C+David+J%3BLyons%2C+Ella+E&rft.aulast=Henneberger&rft.aufirst=Paul&rft.date=2002-10-01&rft.volume=8&rft.issue=4&rft.spage=291&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=International+journal+of+occupational+and+environmental+health&rft.issn=10773525&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 2003-02-07 N1 - Date created - 2002-11-04 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - HIV testing within at-risk populations in the United States and the reasons for seeking or avoiding HIV testing. AN - 72533806; 12394799 AB - We determined proportions of high-risk persons tested for HIV, the reasons for testing and not testing, and attitudes and perceptions regarding HIV testing, information that is critical for planning prevention programs. Cross-sectional interview study of persons at high risk for HIV infection (men who have sex with men [MSM]; injection drug users [IDUs]; and heterosexual persons recruited from gay bars, street outreach, and sexually transmitted disease clinics) among six states participating in the HIV Testing Survey (HITS) in 1995 to 1996 (HITS-I) and 1998 to 1999 (HITS-II). Overall testing rates were lower in the HITS-I (1226/1599 [77%]) than in the HITS-II (1375/1711 [80%]) (p =.01). Persons or=25 years old (HITS-I: 71% vs. 78%, respectively, p=.007; HITS-II: 63% vs. 85%, respectively, p<.001). The main reasons for testing and not testing were the same in both surveys, but the proportions of reasons for not testing differed (e.g., "unlikely exposed to HIV" [HITS-I (17%) vs. HITS-II (30%), p<.0001], "afraid of finding out HIV-positive" [HITS-I (27%) vs. HITS-II (18%), p<.0001]). Attitudes regarding HIV testing differed among tested and untested respondents, especially among MSM. HIV testing rates were higher in the HITS-II, but testing rates decreased among the youngest respondents. Denial of HIV risk factors and fear of being HIV-positive were the principal reasons for not being tested. Availability of new HIV therapies may have contributed to decreased fear of finding out that one is HIV infected as a reason to avoid testing. The increased proportion of persons at risk who did not test because they believed they were unlikely to have been exposed highlights the need for prevention efforts to address risk perceptions. JF - Journal of acquired immune deficiency syndromes (1999) AU - Kellerman, Scott E AU - Lehman, J Stan AU - Lansky, Amy AU - Stevens, Mark R AU - Hecht, Frederick M AU - Bindman, Andrew B AU - Wortley, Pascale M AD - National Center for HIV, STD, and TB Prevention, Division of HIV/AIDS Prevention-Surveillance and Epidemiology, Surveillance Branch, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA 30333, USA. sek0@cdc.gov Y1 - 2002/10/01/ PY - 2002 DA - 2002 Oct 01 SP - 202 EP - 210 VL - 31 IS - 2 SN - 1525-4135, 1525-4135 KW - Index Medicus KW - AIDS/HIV KW - United States KW - Homosexuality, Male KW - Cross-Sectional Studies KW - Age Factors KW - Fear KW - Humans KW - Adult KW - Surveys and Questionnaires KW - Male KW - Female KW - Substance Abuse, Intravenous KW - AIDS Serodiagnosis -- statistics & numerical data KW - Patient Acceptance of Health Care -- statistics & numerical data KW - HIV Infections -- prevention & control KW - Health Knowledge, Attitudes, Practice KW - AIDS Serodiagnosis -- utilization KW - HIV Infections -- diagnosis KW - Population Surveillance UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/72533806?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+acquired+immune+deficiency+syndromes+%281999%29&rft.atitle=HIV+testing+within+at-risk+populations+in+the+United+States+and+the+reasons+for+seeking+or+avoiding+HIV+testing.&rft.au=Kellerman%2C+Scott+E%3BLehman%2C+J+Stan%3BLansky%2C+Amy%3BStevens%2C+Mark+R%3BHecht%2C+Frederick+M%3BBindman%2C+Andrew+B%3BWortley%2C+Pascale+M&rft.aulast=Kellerman&rft.aufirst=Scott&rft.date=2002-10-01&rft.volume=31&rft.issue=2&rft.spage=202&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+acquired+immune+deficiency+syndromes+%281999%29&rft.issn=15254135&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 2002-11-14 N1 - Date created - 2002-10-23 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Feasibility issues in reproductive biomonitoring of female flight attendants and teachers. AN - 72533139; 12391774 AB - Flight attendants (FAs) may be at risk of adverse reproductive outcomes. We investigated the feasibility of biomonitoring studies in this mobile workforce. Forty-five female FAs and 26 female teachers (referents) collected daily urine and saliva samples for one menstrual cycle, provided daily diary data for approximately three months, and wore a wrist monitor to measure sleep disruption. A transport system enabled FAs to store samples while traveling. Overall, participation rates were low (37%) but of those recruited, over 90% of FAs and teachers completed the biomonitoring cycle. Data collection and sample integrity were not diminished by travel. Study methods resulted in good compliance and high quality data. It is possible to conduct studies of menstrual cycle function, sleep disruption, and circadian rhythm disruption in a mobile workforce potentially exposed to reproductive hazards. JF - Journal of occupational and environmental medicine AU - Whelan, Elizabeth A AU - Grajewski, Barbara AU - Wood, Emily AU - Kwan, Lorna AU - Nguyen, Mimi AU - Schnorr, Teresa M AU - Knecht, Edwin A AU - Kesner, James S AD - Division of Surveillance, Hazard Evaluations and Field Studies, National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, Cincinnati, OH, USA. Ewhelan@cdc.gov Y1 - 2002/10// PY - 2002 DA - October 2002 SP - 947 EP - 955 VL - 44 IS - 10 SN - 1076-2752, 1076-2752 KW - Index Medicus KW - Work Schedule Tolerance KW - Sensitivity and Specificity KW - Reference Values KW - Humans KW - Saliva -- chemistry KW - Risk Assessment KW - Sleep Wake Disorders KW - Feasibility Studies KW - Teaching KW - Circadian Rhythm KW - Adult KW - Case-Control Studies KW - Sampling Studies KW - Middle Aged KW - Adolescent KW - Urine -- chemistry KW - Female KW - Reproduction -- physiology KW - Menstrual Cycle -- physiology KW - Aircraft KW - Occupational Exposure -- adverse effects KW - Monitoring, Physiologic KW - Occupations UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/72533139?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+occupational+and+environmental+medicine&rft.atitle=Feasibility+issues+in+reproductive+biomonitoring+of+female+flight+attendants+and+teachers.&rft.au=Whelan%2C+Elizabeth+A%3BGrajewski%2C+Barbara%3BWood%2C+Emily%3BKwan%2C+Lorna%3BNguyen%2C+Mimi%3BSchnorr%2C+Teresa+M%3BKnecht%2C+Edwin+A%3BKesner%2C+James+S&rft.aulast=Whelan&rft.aufirst=Elizabeth&rft.date=2002-10-01&rft.volume=44&rft.issue=10&rft.spage=947&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+occupational+and+environmental+medicine&rft.issn=10762752&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 2003-02-06 N1 - Date created - 2002-10-23 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Antimicrobial postexposure prophylaxis for anthrax: adverse events and adherence. AN - 72523394; 12396927 AB - We collected data during postexposure antimicrobial prophylaxis campaigns and from a prophylaxis program evaluation 60 days after start of antimicrobial prophylaxis involving persons from six U.S. sites where Bacillus anthracis exposures occurred. Adverse events associated with antimicrobial prophylaxis to prevent anthrax were commonly reported, but hospitalizations and serious adverse events as defined by Food and Drug Administration criteria were rare. Overall adherence during 60 days of antimicrobial prophylaxis was poor (44%), ranging from 21% of persons exposed in the Morgan postal facility in New York City to 64% of persons exposed at the Brentwood postal facility in Washington, D.C. Adherence was highest among participants in an investigational new drug protocol to receive additional antibiotics with or without anthrax vaccine--a likely surrogate for anthrax risk perception. Adherence of <60 days was not consistently associated with adverse events. JF - Emerging infectious diseases AU - Shepard, Colin W AU - Soriano-Gabarro, Montse AU - Zell, Elizabeth R AU - Hayslett, James AU - Lukacs, Susan AU - Goldstein, Susan AU - Factor, Stephanie AU - Jones, Joshua AU - Ridzon, Renee AU - Williams, Ian AU - Rosenstein, Nancy AU - CDC Adverse Events Working Group AD - Centers for Desease Control and Prevention , Atlanta, Georgia 30333, USA. cvc8@cdc.gov ; CDC Adverse Events Working Group Y1 - 2002/10// PY - 2002 DA - October 2002 SP - 1124 EP - 1132 VL - 8 IS - 10 SN - 1080-6040, 1080-6040 KW - Anti-Bacterial Agents KW - 0 KW - Anti-Infective Agents KW - Penicillins KW - Ciprofloxacin KW - 5E8K9I0O4U KW - Amoxicillin KW - 804826J2HU KW - Doxycycline KW - N12000U13O KW - Index Medicus KW - Humans KW - Ciprofloxacin -- therapeutic use KW - Aged KW - Ciprofloxacin -- adverse effects KW - Amoxicillin -- adverse effects KW - Penicillins -- adverse effects KW - Doxycycline -- administration & dosage KW - Anti-Infective Agents -- therapeutic use KW - Ciprofloxacin -- administration & dosage KW - Anti-Infective Agents -- adverse effects KW - Aged, 80 and over KW - Adult KW - Adolescent KW - Male KW - Amoxicillin -- administration & dosage KW - Drug Administration Schedule KW - Penicillins -- administration & dosage KW - Doxycycline -- adverse effects KW - Penicillins -- therapeutic use KW - Bioterrorism KW - New York City KW - Amoxicillin -- therapeutic use KW - District of Columbia KW - Ethnic Groups KW - Risk Factors KW - Anti-Infective Agents -- administration & dosage KW - Middle Aged KW - Treatment Refusal KW - Female KW - Doxycycline -- therapeutic use KW - Anti-Bacterial Agents -- therapeutic use KW - Patient Compliance KW - Anti-Bacterial Agents -- adverse effects KW - Anti-Bacterial Agents -- administration & dosage KW - Antibiotic Prophylaxis KW - Anthrax -- prevention & control KW - Anthrax -- drug therapy UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/72523394?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Emerging+infectious+diseases&rft.atitle=Antimicrobial+postexposure+prophylaxis+for+anthrax%3A+adverse+events+and+adherence.&rft.au=Shepard%2C+Colin+W%3BSoriano-Gabarro%2C+Montse%3BZell%2C+Elizabeth+R%3BHayslett%2C+James%3BLukacs%2C+Susan%3BGoldstein%2C+Susan%3BFactor%2C+Stephanie%3BJones%2C+Joshua%3BRidzon%2C+Renee%3BWilliams%2C+Ian%3BRosenstein%2C+Nancy%3BCDC+Adverse+Events+Working+Group&rft.aulast=Shepard&rft.aufirst=Colin&rft.date=2002-10-01&rft.volume=8&rft.issue=10&rft.spage=1124&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Emerging+infectious+diseases&rft.issn=10806040&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 2002-12-27 N1 - Date created - 2002-10-24 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - SuppNotes - Cited By: Eur J Emerg Med. 2001 Sep;8(3):181-8 [11587462] JAMA. 1999 May 12;281(18):1735-45 [10328075] MMWR Morb Mortal Wkly Rep. 2001 Nov 16;50(45):1008-10 [11724158] MMWR Morb Mortal Wkly Rep. 2001 Dec 7;50(48):1077-9 [11770501] MMWR Morb Mortal Wkly Rep. 2001 Nov 30;50(47):1051-4 [11808926] JAMA. 2002 Feb 6;287(5):622-7 [11829702] Pharmacotherapy. 1987;7(4):125-9 [3684731] Diagn Microbiol Infect Dis. 1992 May-Jun;15(4 Suppl):103S-109S [1617921] Am J Public Health. 1992 Dec;82(12):1607-12 [1456334] J Infect Dis. 1993 May;167(5):1239-43 [8486963] J Am Optom Assoc. 1993 Apr;64(4):264-70 [8315203] J Antimicrob Chemother. 1997 Apr;39(4):499-508 [9145823] Infect Dis Obstet Gynecol. 1998;6(3):109-15 [9785106] J Travel Med. 1998 Jun;5(2):102 [9772326] Arch Intern Med. 1999 Jan 25;159(2):167-73 [9927100] Clin Infect Dis. 1999 Feb;28(2):299-308 [10064248] MMWR Morb Mortal Wkly Rep. 2001 Nov 9;50(44):987-90 [11724154] N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Adherence to antimicrobial inhalational anthrax prophylaxis among postal workers, Washington, D.C., 2001. AN - 72522921; 12396929 AB - In October 2001, two envelopes containing Bacillus anthracis spores were processed at the Washington, D.C., Processing and Distribution Center of the U.S. Postal Service; inhalational anthrax developed in four workers at this facility. More than 2,000 workers were advised to complete 60 days of postexposure prophylaxis to prevent inhalational anthrax. Interventions to promote adherence were carried out to support workers, and qualitative information was collected to evaluate our interventions. A quantitative survey was administered to a convenience sample of workers to assess factors influencing adherence. No anthrax infections developed in any workers involved in the interventions or interviews. Of 245 workers, 98 (40%) reported full adherence to prophylaxis, and 45 (18%) had completely discontinued it. Anxiety and experiencing adverse effects to prophylaxis, as well as being <45 years old were risk factors for discontinuing prophylaxis. Interventions, especially frequent visits by public health staff, proved effective in supporting adherence. JF - Emerging infectious diseases AU - Jefferds, Mariaelena D AU - Laserson, Kayla AU - Fry, Alicia M AU - Roy, Sharon AU - Hayslett, James AU - Grummer-Strawn, Laurence AU - Kettel-Khan, Laura AU - Schuchat, Anne AU - Centers for Disease Control and Prevention Anthrax Adherence Team AD - Centers for Desease Control and Prevention , Atlanta, Georgia 30333, USA. mnj5@cdc.gov ; Centers for Disease Control and Prevention Anthrax Adherence Team Y1 - 2002/10// PY - 2002 DA - October 2002 SP - 1138 EP - 1144 VL - 8 IS - 10 SN - 1080-6040, 1080-6040 KW - Anti-Bacterial Agents KW - 0 KW - Index Medicus KW - District of Columbia KW - Anti-Bacterial Agents -- therapeutic use KW - Humans KW - Health Surveys KW - Anti-Bacterial Agents -- adverse effects KW - Adult KW - Anti-Bacterial Agents -- administration & dosage KW - Aged KW - Middle Aged KW - Bacillus anthracis KW - Adolescent KW - Male KW - Female KW - Occupational Exposure KW - Patient Compliance KW - Inhalation Exposure KW - Antibiotic Prophylaxis KW - Anthrax -- prevention & control KW - Postal Service KW - Bioterrorism KW - Anthrax -- drug therapy UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/72522921?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Emerging+infectious+diseases&rft.atitle=Adherence+to+antimicrobial+inhalational+anthrax+prophylaxis+among+postal+workers%2C+Washington%2C+D.C.%2C+2001.&rft.au=Jefferds%2C+Mariaelena+D%3BLaserson%2C+Kayla%3BFry%2C+Alicia+M%3BRoy%2C+Sharon%3BHayslett%2C+James%3BGrummer-Strawn%2C+Laurence%3BKettel-Khan%2C+Laura%3BSchuchat%2C+Anne%3BCenters+for+Disease+Control+and+Prevention+Anthrax+Adherence+Team&rft.aulast=Jefferds&rft.aufirst=Mariaelena&rft.date=2002-10-01&rft.volume=8&rft.issue=10&rft.spage=1138&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Emerging+infectious+diseases&rft.issn=10806040&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 2002-12-27 N1 - Date created - 2002-10-24 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - SuppNotes - Cited By: Health Psychol. 2000 Mar;19(2):124-33 [10762096] Ann Intern Med. 1998 Oct 1;129(7):573-8 [9758579] Clin Infect Dis. 2000 Jun;30 Suppl 2:S171-6 [10860902] AIDS Patient Care STDS. 2001 Mar;15(3):109-15 [11313023] Clin Infect Dis. 2001 Sep 15;33(6):865-72 [11512092] MMWR Morb Mortal Wkly Rep. 2001 Oct 19;50(41):889-93 [11686472] MMWR Morb Mortal Wkly Rep. 2001 Oct 26;50(42):909-19 [11699843] MMWR Morb Mortal Wkly Rep. 2001 Nov 2;50(43):941-8 [11708591] Emerg Infect Dis. 2001 Nov-Dec;7(6):933-44 [11747719] Emerg Infect Dis. 2002 Oct;8(10):1066-72 [12396917] Emerg Infect Dis. 2002 Oct;8(10):1124-32 [12396927] Br J Clin Psychol. 1982 Nov;21 (Pt 4):241-54 [7171877] Diagn Microbiol Infect Dis. 1992 May-Jun;15(4 Suppl):103S-109S [1617921] Am Rev Respir Dis. 1993 May;147(5):1311-20 [8484650] J Infect Dis. 1993 May;167(5):1239-43 [8486963] Science. 1994 Nov 18;266(5188):1202-8 [7973702] South Med J. 1994 Nov;87(11):1088-91 [7973890] Soc Sci Med. 2000 Jun;50(11):1599-605 [10795966] N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Molecular subtyping of Bacillus anthracis and the 2001 bioterrorism-associated anthrax outbreak, United States. AN - 72521383; 12396925 AB - Molecular subtyping of Bacillus anthracis played an important role in differentiating and identifying strains during the 2001 bioterrorism-associated outbreak. Because B. anthracis has a low level of genetic variability, only a few subtyping methods, with varying reliability, exist. We initially used multiple-locus variable-number tandem repeat analysis (MLVA) to subtype 135 B. anthracis isolates associated with the outbreak. All isolates were determined to be of genotype 62, the same as the Ames strain used in laboratories. We sequenced the protective antigen gene (pagA) from 42 representative outbreak isolates and determined they all had a pagA sequence indistinguishable from the Ames strain (PA genotype I). MLVA and pagA sequencing were also used on DNA from clinical specimens, making subtyping B. anthracis possible without an isolate. Use of high-resolution molecular subtyping determined that all outbreak isolates were indistinguishable by the methods used and probably originated from a single source. In addition, subtyping rapidly identified laboratory contaminants and nonoutbreak-related isolates. JF - Emerging infectious diseases AU - Hoffmaster, Alex R AU - Fitzgerald, Collette C AU - Ribot, Efrain AU - Mayer, Leonard W AU - Popovic, Tanja AD - Centers for Desease Control and Prevention , Atlanta, Georgia 30333, USA. amh9@cdc.gov Y1 - 2002/10// PY - 2002 DA - October 2002 SP - 1111 EP - 1116 VL - 8 IS - 10 SN - 1080-6040, 1080-6040 KW - Genetic Markers KW - 0 KW - Index Medicus KW - Genotype KW - Polymerase Chain Reaction KW - Genetic Variation KW - Genes, Bacterial KW - Inhalation Exposure KW - Humans KW - United States -- epidemiology KW - Bacillus anthracis -- isolation & purification KW - Anthrax -- diagnosis KW - Anthrax -- epidemiology KW - Bacterial Typing Techniques -- methods KW - Bacillus anthracis -- genetics KW - Bacillus anthracis -- classification KW - Anthrax -- microbiology KW - Disease Outbreaks KW - Bioterrorism UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/72521383?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Emerging+infectious+diseases&rft.atitle=Molecular+subtyping+of+Bacillus+anthracis+and+the+2001+bioterrorism-associated+anthrax+outbreak%2C+United+States.&rft.au=Hoffmaster%2C+Alex+R%3BFitzgerald%2C+Collette+C%3BRibot%2C+Efrain%3BMayer%2C+Leonard+W%3BPopovic%2C+Tanja&rft.aulast=Hoffmaster&rft.aufirst=Alex&rft.date=2002-10-01&rft.volume=8&rft.issue=10&rft.spage=1111&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Emerging+infectious+diseases&rft.issn=10806040&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 2002-12-27 N1 - Date created - 2002-10-24 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - SuppNotes - Cited By: J Bacteriol. 2000 May;182(10):2928-36 [10781564] J Bacteriol. 1999 Apr;181(8):2358-62 [10197996] J Clin Microbiol. 2000 Oct;38(10):3780-4 [11015402] Lancet. 2000 Sep 30;356(9236):1179-82 [11030310] Microbiology. 2001 Jun;147(Pt 6):1677-85 [11390699] Appl Environ Microbiol. 2001 Oct;67(10):4863-73 [11571195] Emerg Infect Dis. 2001 Nov-Dec;7(6):933-44 [11747719] JAMA. 2002 Feb 20;287(7):863-8 [11851578] Science. 2002 Jun 14;296(5575):2028-33 [12004073] Emerg Infect Dis. 2002 Oct;8(10):1178-82 [12396935] FEMS Microbiol Lett. 1995 May 1;128(2):113-8 [7750728] J Clin Microbiol. 1995 Jul;33(7):1847-50 [7665658] Vaccine. 1995 Dec;13(18):1779-84 [8701593] J Bacteriol. 1997 Feb;179(3):818-24 [9006038] Infect Immun. 1997 Dec;65(12):5171-5 [9393812] Vaccine. 1998 May;16(8):810-7 [9627938] Vaccine. 1998 Jul;16(11-12):1141-8 [9682372] Infect Immun. 1999 Feb;67(2):562-7 [9916059] Appl Environ Microbiol. 2000 Jun;66(6):2627-30 [10831447] N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Investigation of bioterrorism-related anthrax, United States, 2001: epidemiologic findings. AN - 72521283; 12396909 AB - In October 2001, the first inhalational anthrax case in the United States since 1976 was identified in a media company worker in Florida. A national investigation was initiated to identify additional cases and determine possible exposures to Bacillus anthracis. Surveillance was enhanced through health-care facilities, laboratories, and other means to identify cases, which were defined as clinically compatible illness with laboratory-confirmed B. anthracis infection. From October 4 to November 20, 2001, 22 cases of anthrax (11 inhalational, 11 cutaneous) were identified; 5 of the inhalational cases were fatal. Twenty (91%) case-patients were either mail handlers or were exposed to worksites where contaminated mail was processed or received. B. anthracis isolates from four powder-containing envelopes, 17 specimens from patients, and 106 environmental samples were indistinguishable by molecular subtyping. Illness and death occurred not only at targeted worksites, but also along the path of mail and in other settings. Continued vigilance for cases is needed among health-care providers and members of the public health and law enforcement communities. JF - Emerging infectious diseases AU - Jernigan, Daniel B AU - Raghunathan, Pratima L AU - Bell, Beth P AU - Brechner, Ross AU - Bresnitz, Eddy A AU - Butler, Jay C AU - Cetron, Marty AU - Cohen, Mitch AU - Doyle, Timothy AU - Fischer, Marc AU - Greene, Carolyn AU - Griffith, Kevin S AU - Guarner, Jeannette AU - Hadler, James L AU - Hayslett, James A AU - Meyer, Richard AU - Petersen, Lyle R AU - Phillips, Michael AU - Pinner, Robert AU - Popovic, Tanja AU - Quinn, Conrad P AU - Reefhuis, Jennita AU - Reissman, Dori AU - Rosenstein, Nancy AU - Schuchat, Anne AU - Shieh, Wun-Ju AU - Siegal, Larry AU - Swerdlow, David L AU - Tenover, Fred C AU - Traeger, Marc AU - Ward, John W AU - Weisfuse, Isaac AU - Wiersma, Steven AU - Yeskey, Kevin AU - Zaki, Sherif AU - Ashford, David A AU - Perkins, Bradley A AU - Ostroff, Steve AU - Hughes, James AU - Fleming, David AU - Koplan, Jeffrey P AU - Gerberding, Julie L AU - National Anthrax Epidemiologic Investigation Team AD - Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA 30333, USA. DJernigan@cdc.gov ; National Anthrax Epidemiologic Investigation Team Y1 - 2002/10// PY - 2002 DA - October 2002 SP - 1019 EP - 1028 VL - 8 IS - 10 SN - 1080-6040, 1080-6040 KW - Powders KW - 0 KW - Index Medicus KW - Occupational Exposure KW - Humans KW - Respiratory Tract Infections -- epidemiology KW - Aged KW - Respiratory Tract Infections -- drug therapy KW - Infant KW - Public Health KW - Skin Diseases, Bacterial -- microbiology KW - Adult KW - Epidemiological Monitoring KW - Male KW - Spores, Bacterial -- isolation & purification KW - Respiratory Tract Infections -- prevention & control KW - Skin Diseases, Bacterial -- prevention & control KW - Skin Diseases, Bacterial -- drug therapy KW - Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (U.S.) KW - Respiratory Tract Infections -- mortality KW - Disease Outbreaks KW - Environmental Monitoring KW - Inhalation Exposure KW - Environmental Exposure KW - Antibiotic Prophylaxis KW - Middle Aged KW - Skin Diseases, Bacterial -- epidemiology KW - Postal Service KW - United States -- epidemiology KW - Female KW - Bacillus anthracis -- isolation & purification KW - Anthrax -- epidemiology KW - Bioterrorism -- statistics & numerical data KW - Anthrax -- prevention & control KW - Anthrax -- drug therapy KW - Anthrax -- mortality UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/72521283?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Emerging+infectious+diseases&rft.atitle=Investigation+of+bioterrorism-related+anthrax%2C+United+States%2C+2001%3A+epidemiologic+findings.&rft.au=Jernigan%2C+Daniel+B%3BRaghunathan%2C+Pratima+L%3BBell%2C+Beth+P%3BBrechner%2C+Ross%3BBresnitz%2C+Eddy+A%3BButler%2C+Jay+C%3BCetron%2C+Marty%3BCohen%2C+Mitch%3BDoyle%2C+Timothy%3BFischer%2C+Marc%3BGreene%2C+Carolyn%3BGriffith%2C+Kevin+S%3BGuarner%2C+Jeannette%3BHadler%2C+James+L%3BHayslett%2C+James+A%3BMeyer%2C+Richard%3BPetersen%2C+Lyle+R%3BPhillips%2C+Michael%3BPinner%2C+Robert%3BPopovic%2C+Tanja%3BQuinn%2C+Conrad+P%3BReefhuis%2C+Jennita%3BReissman%2C+Dori%3BRosenstein%2C+Nancy%3BSchuchat%2C+Anne%3BShieh%2C+Wun-Ju%3BSiegal%2C+Larry%3BSwerdlow%2C+David+L%3BTenover%2C+Fred+C%3BTraeger%2C+Marc%3BWard%2C+John+W%3BWeisfuse%2C+Isaac%3BWiersma%2C+Steven%3BYeskey%2C+Kevin%3BZaki%2C+Sherif%3BAshford%2C+David+A%3BPerkins%2C+Bradley+A%3BOstroff%2C+Steve%3BHughes%2C+James%3BFleming%2C+David%3BKoplan%2C+Jeffrey+P%3BGerberding%2C+Julie+L%3BNational+Anthrax+Epidemiologic+Investigation+Team&rft.aulast=Jernigan&rft.aufirst=Daniel&rft.date=2002-10-01&rft.volume=8&rft.issue=10&rft.spage=1019&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Emerging+infectious+diseases&rft.issn=10806040&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 2002-12-27 N1 - Date created - 2002-10-24 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - SuppNotes - Cited By: Emerg Infect Dis. 2002 Oct;8(10):1048-55 [12396914] Am J Hyg. 1960 Jul;72:6-23 [13803672] J Bacteriol. 2000 May;182(10):2928-36 [10781564] MMWR Morb Mortal Wkly Rep. 2001 Oct 19;50(41):889-93 [11686472] MMWR Morb Mortal Wkly Rep. 2001 Oct 26;50(42):909-19 [11699843] MMWR Morb Mortal Wkly Rep. 2001 Nov 9;50(44):973-6 [11724150] MMWR Morb Mortal Wkly Rep. 2001 Nov 9;50(44):987-90 [11724154] MMWR Morb Mortal Wkly Rep. 2001 Nov 16;50(45):1008-10 [11724158] Emerg Infect Dis. 2001 Nov-Dec;7(6):933-44 [11747719] MMWR Morb Mortal Wkly Rep. 2001 Dec 7;50(48):1077-9 [11770501] MMWR Morb Mortal Wkly Rep. 2001 Aug 17;50(32):677-80 [11785567] JAMA. 2002 Jan 23-30;287(4):445-6 [11824387] Am J Med. 2002 Jan;112(1):4-12; discussion 2-3 [11812400] JAMA. 2002 Feb 20;287(7):863-8 [11851578] JAMA. 2002 Feb 20;287(7):898-900 [11851584] Science. 2002 Mar 8;295(5561):1861 [11884746] MMWR Morb Mortal Wkly Rep. 2002 Apr 5;51(13):279-81 [11952281] JAMA. 2002 May 1;287(17):2236-52 [11980524] Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 2002 May 14;99(10):7027-32 [12011462] J Clin Microbiol. 2002 Jun;40(6):1902-7 [12037041] Emerg Infect Dis. 2002 Oct;8(10):1029-34 [12396910] Emerg Infect Dis. 2002 Oct;8(10):1039-43 [12396912] Emerg Infect Dis. 2002 Oct;8(10):1103-10 [12396924] Emerg Infect Dis. 2002 Oct;8(10):1111-6 [12396925] Emerg Infect Dis. 2002 Oct;8(10):1133-7 [12396928] Emerg Infect Dis. 2002 Oct;8(10):1138-44 [12396929] Hum Pathol. 1978 Sep;9(5):594-7 [101438] Ann N Y Acad Sci. 1980;353:83-93 [7013615] Science. 1994 Nov 18;266(5188):1202-8 [7973702] MMWR Morb Mortal Wkly Rep. 1999 Feb 5;48(4):69-74 [10023627] JAMA. 1999 May 12;281(18):1735-45 [10328075] J Appl Microbiol. 1999 Aug;87(2):237-40 [10475956] Emerg Infect Dis. 2002 Oct;8(10):1073-7 [12396918] N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Bioterrorism-related anthrax: international response by the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. AN - 72518889; 12396915 AB - After reports of the intentional release of Bacillus anthracis in the United States, epidemiologists, laboratorians, and clinicians around the world were called upon to respond to widespread political and public concerns. To respond to inquiries from other countries regarding anthrax and bioterrorism, the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention established an international team in its Emergency Operations Center. From October 12, 2001, to January 2, 2002, this team received 130 requests from 70 countries and 2 territories. Requests originated from ministries of health, international organizations, and physicians and included subjects ranging from laboratory procedures and clinical evaluations to assessments of environmental and occupational health risks. The information and technical support provided by the international team helped allay fears, prevent unnecessary antibiotic treatment, and enhance laboratory-based surveillance for bioterrorism events worldwide. JF - Emerging infectious diseases AU - Polyak, Christina S AU - Macy, Jonathan T AU - Irizarry-De La Cruz, Margarita AU - Lai, James E AU - McAuliffe, Jay F AU - Popovic, Tanja AU - Pillai, Segaran P AU - Mintz, Eric D AU - Emergency Operations Center International Team AD - Centers for Desease Control and Prevention , Atlanta, Georgia 30333, USA. cpolyak@cdc.gov ; Emergency Operations Center International Team Y1 - 2002/10// PY - 2002 DA - October 2002 SP - 1056 EP - 1059 VL - 8 IS - 10 SN - 1080-6040, 1080-6040 KW - Index Medicus KW - United States KW - Occupational Exposure KW - Bacillus anthracis -- isolation & purification KW - World Health Organization -- organization & administration KW - Disease Notification -- statistics & numerical data KW - Humans KW - Environmental Exposure KW - Bacillus anthracis -- classification KW - Disease Notification -- methods KW - Anthrax -- diagnosis KW - Anthrax -- epidemiology KW - International Cooperation KW - Bioterrorism -- statistics & numerical data KW - Anthrax -- microbiology KW - Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (U.S.) -- organization & administration KW - Population Surveillance -- methods UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/72518889?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Emerging+infectious+diseases&rft.atitle=Bioterrorism-related+anthrax%3A+international+response+by+the+Centers+for+Disease+Control+and+Prevention.&rft.au=Polyak%2C+Christina+S%3BMacy%2C+Jonathan+T%3BIrizarry-De+La+Cruz%2C+Margarita%3BLai%2C+James+E%3BMcAuliffe%2C+Jay+F%3BPopovic%2C+Tanja%3BPillai%2C+Segaran+P%3BMintz%2C+Eric+D%3BEmergency+Operations+Center+International+Team&rft.aulast=Polyak&rft.aufirst=Christina&rft.date=2002-10-01&rft.volume=8&rft.issue=10&rft.spage=1056&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Emerging+infectious+diseases&rft.issn=10806040&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 2002-12-27 N1 - Date created - 2002-10-24 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - SuppNotes - Cited By: Lancet. 2000 Sep 30;356(9236):1179-82 [11030310] Euro Surveill. 2001 Nov;6(11):159-66 [11891386] MMWR Morb Mortal Wkly Rep. 2001 Nov 16;50(45):1008-10 [11724158] MMWR Morb Mortal Wkly Rep. 2001 Nov 9;50(44):987-90 [11724154] N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Anthrax postexposure prophylaxis in postal workers, Connecticut, 2001. AN - 72518702; 12396928 AB - After inhalational anthrax was diagnosed in a Connecticut woman on November 20, 2001, postexposure prophylaxis was recommended for postal workers at the regional mail facility serving the patient's area. Although environmental testing at the facility yielded negative results, subsequent testing confirmed the presence of Bacillus anthracis. We distributed questionnaires to 100 randomly selected postal workers within 20 days of initial prophylaxis. Ninety-four workers obtained antibiotics, 68 of whom started postexposure prophylaxis, and of these, 21 discontinued. Postal workers who never started or stopped taking prophylaxis cited as reasons disbelief regarding anthrax exposure, problems with adverse events, and initial reports of negative cultures. Postal workers with adverse events reported predominant symptoms of gastrointestinal distress and headache. The influence of these concerns on adherence suggests that communication about risks of acquiring anthrax, education about adverse events, and careful management of adverse events are essential elements in increasing adherence. JF - Emerging infectious diseases AU - Williams, Jennifer L AU - Noviello, Stephanie S AU - Griffith, Kevin S AU - Wurtzel, Heather AU - Hamborsky, Jennifer AU - Perz, Joseph F AU - Williams, Ian T AU - Hadler, James L AU - Swerdlow, David L AU - Ridzon, Renee AD - Centers for Desease Control and Prevention , Atlanta, Georgia 30333, USA. znv8@cdc.gov Y1 - 2002/10// PY - 2002 DA - October 2002 SP - 1133 EP - 1137 VL - 8 IS - 10 SN - 1080-6040, 1080-6040 KW - Anti-Bacterial Agents KW - 0 KW - Anti-Infective Agents KW - Ciprofloxacin KW - 5E8K9I0O4U KW - Doxycycline KW - N12000U13O KW - Index Medicus KW - Bacillus anthracis -- isolation & purification KW - Humans KW - Anti-Bacterial Agents -- adverse effects KW - Ciprofloxacin -- therapeutic use KW - Ciprofloxacin -- adverse effects KW - Aged KW - Doxycycline -- administration & dosage KW - Anti-Infective Agents -- therapeutic use KW - Ciprofloxacin -- administration & dosage KW - Anti-Infective Agents -- adverse effects KW - Patient Compliance KW - Adult KW - Anti-Bacterial Agents -- administration & dosage KW - Adolescent KW - Male KW - Anti-Bacterial Agents -- therapeutic use KW - Doxycycline -- adverse effects KW - Connecticut KW - Environmental Monitoring KW - Risk Factors KW - Inhalation Exposure KW - Surveys and Questionnaires KW - Anti-Infective Agents -- administration & dosage KW - Middle Aged KW - Female KW - Doxycycline -- therapeutic use KW - Occupational Exposure KW - Antibiotic Prophylaxis KW - Anthrax -- prevention & control KW - Postal Service KW - Bioterrorism KW - Anthrax -- drug therapy UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/72518702?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Emerging+infectious+diseases&rft.atitle=Anthrax+postexposure+prophylaxis+in+postal+workers%2C+Connecticut%2C+2001.&rft.au=Williams%2C+Jennifer+L%3BNoviello%2C+Stephanie+S%3BGriffith%2C+Kevin+S%3BWurtzel%2C+Heather%3BHamborsky%2C+Jennifer%3BPerz%2C+Joseph+F%3BWilliams%2C+Ian+T%3BHadler%2C+James+L%3BSwerdlow%2C+David+L%3BRidzon%2C+Renee&rft.aulast=Williams&rft.aufirst=Jennifer&rft.date=2002-10-01&rft.volume=8&rft.issue=10&rft.spage=1133&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Emerging+infectious+diseases&rft.issn=10806040&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 2002-12-27 N1 - Date created - 2002-10-24 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - SuppNotes - Cited By: J Infect Dis. 1993 May;167(5):1239-43 [8486963] Emerg Infect Dis. 1999 Jul-Aug;5(4):552-5 [10458964] MMWR Morb Mortal Wkly Rep. 2001 Oct 19;50(41):889-93 [11686472] MMWR Morb Mortal Wkly Rep. 2001 Nov 9;50(44):987-90 [11724154] Emerg Infect Dis. 2002 Oct;8(10):1083-7 [12396920] MMWR Morb Mortal Wkly Rep. 2001 Nov 30;50(47):1049-51 [11808925] MMWR Morb Mortal Wkly Rep. 2001 Nov 30;50(47):1051-4 [11808926] JAMA. 2002 Feb 20;287(7):863-8 [11851578] MMWR Morb Mortal Wkly Rep. 2001 Dec 7;50(48):1077-9 [11770501] N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Opening a bacillus anthracis-containing envelope, Capitol Hill, Washington, D.C.: the public health response. AN - 72518622; 12396912 AB - On October 15, 2001, a U.S. Senate staff member opened an envelope containing Bacillus anthracis spores. Chemoprophylaxis was promptly initiated and nasal swabs obtained for all persons in the immediate area. An epidemiologic investigation was conducted to define exposure areas and identify persons who should receive prolonged chemoprophylaxis, based on their exposure risk. Persons immediately exposed to B. anthracis spores were interviewed; records were reviewed to identify additional persons in this area. Persons with positive nasal swabs had repeat swabs and serial serologic evaluation to measure antibodies to B. anthracis protective antigen (anti-PA). A total of 625 persons were identified as requiring prolonged chemoprophylaxis; 28 had positive nasal swabs. Repeat nasal swabs were negative at 7 days; none had developed anti-PA antibodies by 42 days after exposure. Early nasal swab testing is a useful epidemiologic tool to assess risk of exposure to aerosolized B. anthracis. Early, wide chemoprophylaxis may have averted an outbreak of anthrax in this population. JF - Emerging infectious diseases AU - Hsu, Vincent P AU - Lukacs, Susan L AU - Handzel, Thomas AU - Hayslett, James AU - Harper, Scott AU - Hales, Thomas AU - Semenova, Vera A AU - Romero-Steiner, Sandra AU - Elie, Cheryl AU - Quinn, Conrad P AU - Khabbaz, Rima AU - Khan, Ali S AU - Martin, Gregory AU - Eisold, John AU - Schuchat, Anne AU - Hajjeh, Rana A AD - Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA 30333, USA. vhsu@cdc.gov Y1 - 2002/10// PY - 2002 DA - October 2002 SP - 1039 EP - 1043 VL - 8 IS - 10 SN - 1080-6040, 1080-6040 KW - Index Medicus KW - United States KW - District of Columbia KW - Equipment Contamination KW - Risk Factors KW - Inhalation Exposure KW - Humans KW - Nasopharynx -- microbiology KW - Environmental Exposure KW - Antibiotic Prophylaxis KW - Workplace KW - Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (U.S.) -- organization & administration KW - Nasal Mucosa -- microbiology KW - Bacillus anthracis -- isolation & purification KW - Anthrax -- diagnosis KW - Anthrax -- epidemiology KW - Public Health -- methods KW - Anthrax -- prevention & control KW - Bioterrorism KW - Anthrax -- drug therapy UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/72518622?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Emerging+infectious+diseases&rft.atitle=Opening+a+bacillus+anthracis-containing+envelope%2C+Capitol+Hill%2C+Washington%2C+D.C.%3A+the+public+health+response.&rft.au=Hsu%2C+Vincent+P%3BLukacs%2C+Susan+L%3BHandzel%2C+Thomas%3BHayslett%2C+James%3BHarper%2C+Scott%3BHales%2C+Thomas%3BSemenova%2C+Vera+A%3BRomero-Steiner%2C+Sandra%3BElie%2C+Cheryl%3BQuinn%2C+Conrad+P%3BKhabbaz%2C+Rima%3BKhan%2C+Ali+S%3BMartin%2C+Gregory%3BEisold%2C+John%3BSchuchat%2C+Anne%3BHajjeh%2C+Rana+A&rft.aulast=Hsu&rft.aufirst=Vincent&rft.date=2002-10-01&rft.volume=8&rft.issue=10&rft.spage=1039&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Emerging+infectious+diseases&rft.issn=10806040&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 2002-12-27 N1 - Date created - 2002-10-24 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - SuppNotes - Cited By: MMWR Morb Mortal Wkly Rep. 2001 Oct 26;50(42):909-19 [11699843] MMWR Recomm Rep. 2000 Apr 21;49(RR-4):1-14 [10803503] N Engl J Med. 2001 Nov 29;345(22):1607-10 [11704685] JAMA. 2001 Nov 28;286(20):2554-9 [11722269] MMWR Morb Mortal Wkly Rep. 2001 Nov 16;50(45):1014-6 [11724160] Emerg Infect Dis. 2001 Nov-Dec;7(6):933-44 [11747719] JAMA. 2002 Jan 23-30;287(4):445-6 [11824387] JAMA. 2002 Feb 20;287(7):869-74 [11851579] JAMA. 2002 May 1;287(17):2236-52 [11980524] Emerg Infect Dis. 2002 Oct;8(10):1029-34 [12396910] Emerg Infect Dis. 2002 Oct;8(10):1066-72 [12396917] Am J Trop Med Hyg. 1988 Dec;39(6):575-81 [3144920] J Infect Dis. 1989 Oct;160(4):706-10 [2507648] MMWR Morb Mortal Wkly Rep. 1999 Feb 5;48(4):69-74 [10023627] JAMA. 1999 May 12;281(18):1735-45 [10328075] J Infect Dis. 1957 Mar-Apr;100(2):169-71 [13416651] Am J Hyg. 1960 Jul;72:32-7 [14427621] Mil Med. 1999 Dec;164(12):833-7 [10628152] MMWR Morb Mortal Wkly Rep. 2001 Nov 2;50(43):960 [11708594] N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Environmental sampling for spores of Bacillus anthracis. AN - 72517650; 12396920 AB - On November 11, 2001, following the bioterrorism-related anthrax attacks, the U.S. Postal Service collected samples at the Southern Connecticut Processing and Distribution Center; all samples were negative for Bacillus anthracis. After a patient in Connecticut died from inhalational anthrax on November 19, the center was sampled again on November 21 and 25 by using dry and wet swabs. All samples were again negative for B. anthracis. On November 28, guided by information from epidemiologic investigation, we sampled the site extensively with wet wipes and surface vacuum sock samples (using HEPA vacuum). Of 212 samples, 6 (3%) were positive, including one from a highly contaminated sorter. Subsequently B. anthracis was also detected in mail-sorting bins used for the patient's carrier route. These results suggest cross-contaminated mail as a possible source of anthrax for the inhalational anthrax patient in Connecticut. In future such investigations, extensive sampling guided by epidemiologic data is imperative. JF - Emerging infectious diseases AU - Teshale, Eyasu H AU - Painter, John AU - Burr, Gregory A AU - Mead, Paul AU - Wright, Scott V AU - Cseh, Larry F AU - Zabrocki, Ronald AU - Collins, Rick AU - Kelley, Kathy A AU - Hadler, James L AU - Swerdlow, David L AU - Connecticut Anthrax Response Team AD - Centers for Desease Control and Prevention , Atlanta, Georgia 30333, USA. eht4@cdc.gov ; Connecticut Anthrax Response Team Y1 - 2002/10// PY - 2002 DA - October 2002 SP - 1083 EP - 1087 VL - 8 IS - 10 SN - 1080-6040, 1080-6040 KW - Index Medicus KW - Occupational Exposure KW - Inhalation Exposure KW - Humans KW - Connecticut -- epidemiology KW - Epidemiological Monitoring KW - Environmental Monitoring KW - Bacillus anthracis -- isolation & purification KW - Anthrax -- epidemiology KW - Equipment Contamination -- statistics & numerical data KW - Anthrax -- microbiology KW - Postal Service KW - Spores, Bacterial -- isolation & purification UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/72517650?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Emerging+infectious+diseases&rft.atitle=Environmental+sampling+for+spores+of+Bacillus+anthracis.&rft.au=Teshale%2C+Eyasu+H%3BPainter%2C+John%3BBurr%2C+Gregory+A%3BMead%2C+Paul%3BWright%2C+Scott+V%3BCseh%2C+Larry+F%3BZabrocki%2C+Ronald%3BCollins%2C+Rick%3BKelley%2C+Kathy+A%3BHadler%2C+James+L%3BSwerdlow%2C+David+L%3BConnecticut+Anthrax+Response+Team&rft.aulast=Teshale&rft.aufirst=Eyasu&rft.date=2002-10-01&rft.volume=8&rft.issue=10&rft.spage=1083&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Emerging+infectious+diseases&rft.issn=10806040&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 2002-12-27 N1 - Date created - 2002-10-24 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - SuppNotes - Cited By: MMWR Morb Mortal Wkly Rep. 2001 Oct 26;50(42):909-19 [11699843] MMWR Morb Mortal Wkly Rep. 2001 Nov 2;50(43):941-8 [11708591] MMWR Morb Mortal Wkly Rep. 2001 Nov 2;50(43):961 [11708595] Emerg Infect Dis. 2001 Nov-Dec;7(6):933-44 [11747719] Science. 1994 Nov 18;266(5188):1202-8 [7973702] MMWR Morb Mortal Wkly Rep. 2001 Nov 30;50(47):1049-51 [11808925] JAMA. 2002 Jan 23-30;287(4):445-6 [11824387] JAMA. 2002 Feb 20;287(7):863-8 [11851578] MMWR Morb Mortal Wkly Rep. 2001 Dec 7;50(48):1077-9 [11770501] N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Epidemiologic investigations of bioterrorism-related anthrax, New Jersey, 2001. AN - 72517431; 12396914 AB - At least four Bacillus anthracis-containing envelopes destined for New York City and Washington, D.C. were processed at the Trenton Processing and Distribution Center (PDC) on September 18 and October 9, 2001. When cutaneous anthrax was confirmed in a Trenton postal worker, the PDC was closed. Four cutaneous and two inhalational anthrax cases were identified. Five patients were hospitalized; none died. Four were PDC employees; the others handled or received mail processed there. Onset dates occurred in two clusters following envelope processing at the PDC. The attack rate among the 170 employees present when the B. anthracis-containing letters were sorted on October 9 was 1.2%. Of 137 PDC environmental samples, 57 (42%) were positive. Five (10%) of 50 local post offices each yielded one positive sample. Cutaneous or inhalational anthrax developed in four postal employees at a facility where B. anthracis-containing letters were processed. Cross-contaminated mail or equipment was the likely source of infection in two other case-patients with cutaneous anthrax. JF - Emerging infectious diseases AU - Greene, Carolyn M AU - Reefhuis, Jennita AU - Tan, Christina AU - Fiore, Anthony E AU - Goldstein, Susan AU - Beach, Michael J AU - Redd, Stephen C AU - Valiante, David AU - Burr, Gregory AU - Buehler, James AU - Pinner, Robert W AU - Bresnitz, Eddy AU - Bell, Beth P AU - CDC New Jersey Anthrax Investigation Team. Centers for Desease Control and Prevention AD - Centers for Desease Control and Prevention , Atlanta, Georgia 30333, USA. cqg4@cdc.gov ; CDC New Jersey Anthrax Investigation Team. Centers for Desease Control and Prevention Y1 - 2002/10// PY - 2002 DA - October 2002 SP - 1048 EP - 1055 VL - 8 IS - 10 SN - 1080-6040, 1080-6040 KW - Index Medicus KW - Skin Diseases, Bacterial -- drug therapy KW - Equipment Contamination KW - Humans KW - Respiratory Tract Infections -- epidemiology KW - Workplace KW - Skin Diseases, Bacterial -- diagnosis KW - Respiratory Tract Infections -- drug therapy KW - Disease Outbreaks KW - Respiratory Tract Infections -- diagnosis KW - Demography KW - District of Columbia KW - Respiratory Tract Infections -- microbiology KW - New Jersey -- epidemiology KW - Inhalation Exposure KW - Skin Diseases, Bacterial -- microbiology KW - Adult KW - Skin Diseases, Bacterial -- epidemiology KW - Antibiotic Prophylaxis KW - Epidemiological Monitoring KW - Middle Aged KW - Postal Service KW - Female KW - Male KW - Environmental Monitoring KW - Anthrax -- diagnosis KW - Anthrax -- epidemiology KW - Bioterrorism -- statistics & numerical data KW - Anthrax -- microbiology KW - Anthrax -- drug therapy UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/72517431?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Emerging+infectious+diseases&rft.atitle=Epidemiologic+investigations+of+bioterrorism-related+anthrax%2C+New+Jersey%2C+2001.&rft.au=Greene%2C+Carolyn+M%3BReefhuis%2C+Jennita%3BTan%2C+Christina%3BFiore%2C+Anthony+E%3BGoldstein%2C+Susan%3BBeach%2C+Michael+J%3BRedd%2C+Stephen+C%3BValiante%2C+David%3BBurr%2C+Gregory%3BBuehler%2C+James%3BPinner%2C+Robert+W%3BBresnitz%2C+Eddy%3BBell%2C+Beth+P%3BCDC+New+Jersey+Anthrax+Investigation+Team.+Centers+for+Desease+Control+and+Prevention&rft.aulast=Greene&rft.aufirst=Carolyn&rft.date=2002-10-01&rft.volume=8&rft.issue=10&rft.spage=1048&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Emerging+infectious+diseases&rft.issn=10806040&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 2002-12-27 N1 - Date created - 2002-10-24 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - SuppNotes - Cited By: J Bacteriol. 2000 May;182(10):2928-36 [10781564] Lancet. 2000 Sep 30;356(9236):1179-82 [11030310] MMWR Morb Mortal Wkly Rep. 2001 Oct 19;50(41):889-93 [11686472] MMWR Morb Mortal Wkly Rep. 2001 Oct 26;50(42):909-19 [11699843] J Appl Microbiol. 1999 Aug;87(2):237-40 [10475956] Emerg Infect Dis. 2001 Nov-Dec;7(6):933-44 [11747719] Emerg Infect Dis. 2002 Oct;8(10):1044-7 [12396913] Emerg Infect Dis. 2002 Oct;8(10):1073-7 [12396918] Diagn Microbiol Infect Dis. 1992 May-Jun;15(4 Suppl):103S-109S [1617921] MMWR Morb Mortal Wkly Rep. 2001 Nov 2;50(43):941-8 [11708591] N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - A two-component direct fluorescent-antibody assay for rapid identification of Bacillus anthracis. AN - 72517057; 12396916 AB - A two-component direct fluorescent-antibody (DFA) assay, using fluorescein-labeled monoclonal antibodies specific to the Bacillus anthracis cell wall (CW-DFA) and capsule (CAP-DFA) antigens, was evaluated and validated for rapid identification of B. anthracis. We analyzed 230 B. anthracis isolates; 228 and 229 were positive by CW-DFA and CAP-DFA assays, respectively. We also tested 56 non-B. anthracis strains; 10 B. cereus and 2 B. thuringiensis were positive by the CW-DFA assay, and 1 B. megaterium strain was positive by CAP-DFA. Analysis of the combined DFA results identified 227 of 230 B. anthracis isolates; all 56 strains of the other Bacillus spp. were negative. Both DFA assays tested positive on 14 of 26 aging clinical specimens from the 2001 anthrax outbreak investigation. The two-component DFA assay is a sensitive, specific, and rapid confirmatory test for B. anthracis in cultures and may be useful directly on clinical specimens. JF - Emerging infectious diseases AU - De, Barun K AU - Bragg, Sandra L AU - Sanden, Gary N AU - Wilson, Kathy E AU - Diem, Lois A AU - Marston, Chung K AU - Hoffmaster, Alex R AU - Barnett, Gwen A AU - Weyant, Robbin S AU - Abshire, Teresa G AU - Ezzell, John W AU - Popovic, Tanja AD - Centers for Desease Control and Prevention , Atlanta, Georgia 30333, USA. bkd1@cdc.gov Y1 - 2002/10// PY - 2002 DA - October 2002 SP - 1060 EP - 1065 VL - 8 IS - 10 SN - 1080-6040, 1080-6040 KW - Antibodies, Monoclonal KW - 0 KW - Antigens, Bacterial KW - Index Medicus KW - Sensitivity and Specificity KW - Environmental Monitoring KW - Anthrax -- veterinary KW - Anthrax -- diagnosis KW - Animals KW - Cattle KW - Cell Wall -- immunology KW - Bacterial Capsules -- immunology KW - Humans KW - Antigens, Bacterial -- immunology KW - Anthrax -- microbiology KW - Antibodies, Monoclonal -- immunology KW - Bacillus anthracis -- isolation & purification KW - Fluorescent Antibody Technique -- methods KW - Bacillus anthracis -- classification KW - Bacillus anthracis -- immunology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/72517057?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Emerging+infectious+diseases&rft.atitle=A+two-component+direct+fluorescent-antibody+assay+for+rapid+identification+of+Bacillus+anthracis.&rft.au=De%2C+Barun+K%3BBragg%2C+Sandra+L%3BSanden%2C+Gary+N%3BWilson%2C+Kathy+E%3BDiem%2C+Lois+A%3BMarston%2C+Chung+K%3BHoffmaster%2C+Alex+R%3BBarnett%2C+Gwen+A%3BWeyant%2C+Robbin+S%3BAbshire%2C+Teresa+G%3BEzzell%2C+John+W%3BPopovic%2C+Tanja&rft.aulast=De&rft.aufirst=Barun&rft.date=2002-10-01&rft.volume=8&rft.issue=10&rft.spage=1060&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Emerging+infectious+diseases&rft.issn=10806040&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 2002-12-27 N1 - Date created - 2002-10-24 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - SuppNotes - Cited By: Lancet. 2000 Sep 30;356(9236):1179-82 [11030310] J Hyg Epidemiol Microbiol Immunol. 1964;8:111-9 [14128970] Emerg Infect Dis. 2001 Nov-Dec;7(6):933-44 [11747719] JAMA. 2002 Feb 20;287(7):858-62 [11851577] J Bacteriol. 2000 May;182(10):2928-36 [10781564] Appl Environ Microbiol. 2000 Jun;66(6):2627-30 [10831447] JAMA. 2002 Feb 20;287(7):863-8 [11851578] Emerg Infect Dis. 2002 Oct;8(10):1178-82 [12396935] Infect Immun. 1988 Feb;56(2):349-56 [3123387] J Appl Bacteriol. 1989 May;66(5):419-32 [2502530] J Clin Microbiol. 1990 Feb;28(2):223-31 [2107201] J Bacteriol. 1995 Feb;177(3):614-20 [7836294] JAMA. 1997 Aug 6;278(5):412-7 [9244333] Arch Intern Med. 1998 Mar 9;158(5):429-34 [9508220] JAMA. 1999 May 12;281(18):1735-45 [10328075] J Appl Microbiol. 1999 Aug;87(2):251-5 [10475960] Clin Microbiol Rev. 2001 Apr;14(2):364-81 [11292643] N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - HIV incidence in the United States, 1978-1999. AN - 72512330; 12394798 AB - HIV incidence measurements, which reflect recent or current transmission, are valuable for monitoring the epidemic and evaluating prevention programs. To summarize HIV incidence patterns and trends in U.S. population groups. Publications in English from 1980 through mid-2000. STUDY SELECTION AND STATISTICAL METHODS: We searched the literature for reports of HIV incidence in the United States. Locally weighted scatterplot smoothing was used to generate smooth curves to estimate trends in incidence. Spearman rank correlation was used to estimate the correlation coefficient between prevalence and incidence. In 74 eligible reports, HIV incidence varied widely (0.002-19.8 per 100 person-years [py]) depending on risk group. Among men who have sex with men (MSM), HIV incidence peaked in the early 1980s (5-20/100 py) and then declined but remained high during the 1990s (2-4/100 py). Among injection drug users (IDUs), incidence decreased since the mid-1980s but differed by geographic area; in the 1990s, incidence remained high in the East (1-3/100 py) but was lower in the West (<0.5/100 py). Throughout the late 1980s and 1990s, incidence was low and stable in broader populations (blood donors: <0.01/100 py; military personnel: 0.01-0.07/100 py). The correlation between HIV incidence and prevalence was strong in populations with a prevalence less than 1% (r = 0.94, p<.0001), moderate in populations with a prevalence from 1% to less than 10% (r = 0.57, p<.0001), and weak in populations with a prevalence at least 10% (r = 0.23, p=.09). HIV prevention in the United States should continue to focus on MSM and IDUs. HIV incidence measurements should be considered for monitoring HIV transmission in MSM, IDUs, and other populations in which seroprevalence is high. JF - Journal of acquired immune deficiency syndromes (1999) AU - Vu, Minh Quan AU - Steketee, Richard W AU - Valleroy, Linda AU - Weinstock, Hillard AU - Karon, John AU - Janssen, Robert AD - Division of HIV/AIDS Prevention, National Centre for HIV, STD, and TB Prevention, Epidemic Intelligence Service, Epidemiology Program Office, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia 30333, USA. VQuan@cdc.gov Y1 - 2002/10/01/ PY - 2002 DA - 2002 Oct 01 SP - 188 EP - 201 VL - 31 IS - 2 SN - 1525-4135, 1525-4135 KW - Index Medicus KW - AIDS/HIV KW - Homosexuality, Male KW - Humans KW - Blood Donors KW - Military Personnel KW - Risk Factors KW - Adult KW - Incidence KW - Adolescent KW - United States -- epidemiology KW - Female KW - Male KW - Prevalence KW - Substance Abuse, Intravenous KW - HIV Infections -- prevention & control KW - HIV Infections -- epidemiology KW - Population Surveillance UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/72512330?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+acquired+immune+deficiency+syndromes+%281999%29&rft.atitle=HIV+incidence+in+the+United+States%2C+1978-1999.&rft.au=Vu%2C+Minh+Quan%3BSteketee%2C+Richard+W%3BValleroy%2C+Linda%3BWeinstock%2C+Hillard%3BKaron%2C+John%3BJanssen%2C+Robert&rft.aulast=Vu&rft.aufirst=Minh&rft.date=2002-10-01&rft.volume=31&rft.issue=2&rft.spage=188&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+acquired+immune+deficiency+syndromes+%281999%29&rft.issn=15254135&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 2002-11-14 N1 - Date created - 2002-10-23 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Youth risk behavior surveillance--United States, 2001. AN - 72192987; 12389372 AB - Priority health-risk behaviors, which contribute to the leading causes of mortality and morbidity among youth and adults, often are established during youth, extend into adulthood, are interrelated, and are preventable. This report covers data during February-December 2001. The Youth Risk Behavior Surveillance System (YRBSS) monitors six categories of priority health-risk behaviors among youth and young adults; these behaviors contribute to unintentional injuries and violence; tobacco use; alcohol and other drug use; sexual behaviors that contribute to unintended pregnancy and sexually transmitted diseases (STDs), including human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection; unhealthy dietary behaviors; and physical inactivity. The YRBSS includes a national school-based survey conducted by CDC as well as state, territorial, and local school-based surveys conducted by education and health agencies. This report summarizes results from the national survey, 34 state surveys, and 18 local surveys conducted among students in grades 9-12 during February-December 2001. In the United States, approximately three-fourths of all deaths among persons aged 10-24 years result from only four causes: motor-vehicle crashes, other unintentional injuries, homicide, and suicide. Results from the 2001 national Youth Risk Behavior Survey demonstrated that numerous high school students engage in behaviors that increase their likelihood of death from these four causes: 14.1% had rarely or never worn a seat belt during the 30 days preceding the survey; 30.7% had ridden with a driver who had been drinking alcohol; 17.4% had carried a weapon during the 30 days preceding the survey; 47.1% had drunk alcohol during the 30 days preceding the survey; 23.9% had used marijuana during the 30 days preceding the survey; and 8.8% had attempted suicide during the 12 months preceding the survey. Substantial morbidity and social problems among young persons also result from unintended pregnancies and STDs, including HIV infection. In 2001, 45.6% of high school students had ever had sexual intercourse; 42.1% of sexually active students had not used a condom at last sexual intercourse; and 2.3% had ever injected an illegal drug. Two-thirds of all deaths among persons aged > or = 25 years result from only two causes: cardiovascular disease and cancer. The majority of risk behaviors associated with these two causes of death are initiated during adolescence. In 2001, 28.5% of high school students had smoked cigarettes during the 30 days preceding the survey; 78.6% had not eaten > or = 5 servings per day of fruits and vegetables during the 7 days preceding the survey; 10.5% were overweight; and 67.8% did not attend physical education class daily. Health and education officials at national, state, and local levels are using these YRBSS data to analyze and improve policies and programs to reduce priority health-risk behaviors among youth. The YRBSS data also are being used to measure progress toward achieving 16 national health objectives for 2010 and 3 of the 10 leading health indicators. JF - The Journal of school health AU - Grunbaum, Jo Anne AU - Kann, Laura AU - Kinchen, Steven A AU - Williams, Barbara AU - Ross, James G AU - Lowry, Richard AU - Kolbe, Lloyd AD - Division of Adolescent and School Health, National Center for Chronic Disease Prevention and Health Promotion, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, 4770, Buford Highway, NE, MS-K33, Atlanta, GA 30341, USA. Y1 - 2002/10// PY - 2002 DA - October 2002 SP - 313 EP - 328 VL - 72 IS - 8 SN - 0022-4391, 0022-4391 KW - Index Medicus KW - Nursing KW - Humans KW - Safety KW - Child KW - Exercise KW - Violence KW - Smoking -- epidemiology KW - Sexual Behavior KW - Adult KW - Diet KW - Adolescent KW - United States -- epidemiology KW - Female KW - Male KW - Substance-Related Disorders -- epidemiology KW - Adolescent Behavior KW - Risk-Taking KW - Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/72192987?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Journal+of+school+health&rft.atitle=Youth+risk+behavior+surveillance--United+States%2C+2001.&rft.au=Grunbaum%2C+Jo+Anne%3BKann%2C+Laura%3BKinchen%2C+Steven+A%3BWilliams%2C+Barbara%3BRoss%2C+James+G%3BLowry%2C+Richard%3BKolbe%2C+Lloyd&rft.aulast=Grunbaum&rft.aufirst=Jo&rft.date=2002-10-01&rft.volume=72&rft.issue=8&rft.spage=313&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=The+Journal+of+school+health&rft.issn=00224391&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 2003-02-06 N1 - Date created - 2002-10-22 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - An assessment of the effect of data collection setting on the prevalence of health risk behaviors among adolescents. AN - 72143300; 12359378 AB - To examine the effect of data collection setting on the prevalence of priority health risk behaviors among adolescents. Analyses were conducted using data from two national probability surveys of adolescents, the 1993 national school-based Youth Risk Behavior Survey (YRBS) and the 1992 household-based National Health Interview Survey (NHIS/YRBS). Forty-two items were worded identically on both surveys. Thirty-nine of the 42 identically worded items (93%) showed that the YRBS produced estimates indicating higher risk than the NHIS. Twenty-four of these comparisons yielded statistically significant differences. The prevalence estimates affected most were those for behaviors that are either illegal or socially stigmatized. School-based surveys produce higher prevalence estimates for adolescent health risk behaviors than do household-based surveys. Each has advantages and disadvantages, and both can play a role in assessing these behaviors. JF - The Journal of adolescent health : official publication of the Society for Adolescent Medicine AU - Kann, Laura AU - Brener, Nancy D AU - Warren, Charles W AU - Collins, Janet L AU - Giovino, Gary A AD - Division of Adolescent and School Health, National Center for Chronic Disease Prevention and Health Promotion, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia 30341, USA. lkk1@cdc.gov Y1 - 2002/10// PY - 2002 DA - October 2002 SP - 327 EP - 335 VL - 31 IS - 4 SN - 1054-139X, 1054-139X KW - Index Medicus KW - Violence -- statistics & numerical data KW - Humans KW - Confidentiality KW - Exercise KW - Feeding Behavior KW - Sexual Behavior KW - Schools KW - Surveys and Questionnaires KW - Adolescent KW - United States -- epidemiology KW - Female KW - Male KW - Substance-Related Disorders -- epidemiology KW - Data Collection -- methods KW - Adolescent Behavior KW - Risk-Taking KW - Health Surveys KW - Health Behavior UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/72143300?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Journal+of+adolescent+health+%3A+official+publication+of+the+Society+for+Adolescent+Medicine&rft.atitle=An+assessment+of+the+effect+of+data+collection+setting+on+the+prevalence+of+health+risk+behaviors+among+adolescents.&rft.au=Kann%2C+Laura%3BBrener%2C+Nancy+D%3BWarren%2C+Charles+W%3BCollins%2C+Janet+L%3BGiovino%2C+Gary+A&rft.aulast=Kann&rft.aufirst=Laura&rft.date=2002-10-01&rft.volume=31&rft.issue=4&rft.spage=327&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=The+Journal+of+adolescent+health+%3A+official+publication+of+the+Society+for+Adolescent+Medicine&rft.issn=1054139X&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 2002-12-04 N1 - Date created - 2002-10-02 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Role of tumor necrosis factor in toluene diisocyanate asthma. AN - 72138637; 12356572 AB - Nearly 9 million workers are exposed to chemical agents associated with occupational asthma, with isocyanates representing the chemical class most responsible. Isocyanate-induced asthma has been difficult to diagnose and control, in part because the biologic mechanisms responsible for the disease and the determinants of exposure have not been well defined. Isocyanate-induced asthma is characterized by airway inflammation, and we hypothesized that inflammation is a prerequisite of isocyanate-induced asthma, with tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-alpha being critical to this process. To explore this hypothesis, wild-type mice, athymic mice, TNF-alpha receptor knockout (TNFR), and anti-TNF-alpha antibody-treated mice were sensitized by subcutaneous injection (20 micro l on Day 1; 5 micro l, Days 4 and 11), and challenged 7 d later by inhalation (100 ppb; Days 20, 22, and 24) with toluene diisocyanate (TDI). Airway inflammation, goblet cell metaplasia, epithelial cell damage, and nonspecific airway reactivity to methacholine challenge, measured 24 h following the last challenge, were reduced to baseline levels in TNF-alpha null mice and athymic mice. TNF-alpha deficiency also markedly abrogated TDI-induced Th2 cytokines in airway tissues, indicating a role in the development of Th2 responses. Despite abrogation of all indicators of asthma pathology, TNF-alpha neutralization had no effect on serum IgE levels or IgG-specific TDI antibodies, suggesting the lack of importance of a humoral response in the manifestation of TDI-induced asthma. Instillation studies with fluorescein-conjugated isothiocyanate and TDI suggested that TNF-alpha deficiency also resulted in a significant reduction in the migration of airway dendritic cells to the draining lymph nodes. Taken together, these results suggest that, unlike protein antigens, TNF-alpha has multiple and central roles in TDI-induced asthma, influencing both nonspecific inflammatory processes and specific immune events. JF - American journal of respiratory cell and molecular biology AU - Matheson, Joanna M AU - Lemus, Ranulfo AU - Lange, Robert W AU - Karol, Meryl H AU - Luster, Michael I AD - Toxicology and Molecular Biology Branch, Health Effects Laboratory Division, National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, Morgantown, West Virginia 26505, USA. yzm9@cdc.gov Y1 - 2002/10// PY - 2002 DA - October 2002 SP - 396 EP - 405 VL - 27 IS - 4 SN - 1044-1549, 1044-1549 KW - Allergens KW - 0 KW - Antigens, CD KW - Antigens, CD86 KW - Cd86 protein, mouse KW - Cytokines KW - Immunoglobulin G KW - Membrane Glycoproteins KW - Receptors, Tumor Necrosis Factor KW - Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha KW - Methacholine Chloride KW - 0W5ETF9M2K KW - Toluene 2,4-Diisocyanate KW - 17X7AFZ1GH KW - Interleukin-4 KW - 207137-56-2 KW - Immunoglobulin E KW - 37341-29-0 KW - 2,6-diisocyanatotoluene KW - 78243HXH5O KW - Interferon-gamma KW - 82115-62-6 KW - Ribonucleases KW - EC 3.1.- KW - Index Medicus KW - Occupational Exposure KW - Antigens, CD -- biosynthesis KW - Methacholine Chloride -- pharmacology KW - Animals KW - Dose-Response Relationship, Drug KW - Cytokines -- biosynthesis KW - Lymph Nodes -- pathology KW - Mice KW - Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction KW - Mice, Transgenic KW - Ribonucleases -- metabolism KW - Mice, Knockout KW - Immunoglobulin E -- metabolism KW - Interleukin-4 -- metabolism KW - Membrane Glycoproteins -- biosynthesis KW - Mice, Inbred C57BL KW - Interferon-gamma -- metabolism KW - Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay KW - Flow Cytometry KW - Immunoglobulin G -- metabolism KW - Time Factors KW - Receptors, Tumor Necrosis Factor -- genetics KW - Female KW - Toluene 2,4-Diisocyanate -- adverse effects KW - Asthma -- chemically induced KW - Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha -- metabolism UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/72138637?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=American+journal+of+respiratory+cell+and+molecular+biology&rft.atitle=Role+of+tumor+necrosis+factor+in+toluene+diisocyanate+asthma.&rft.au=Matheson%2C+Joanna+M%3BLemus%2C+Ranulfo%3BLange%2C+Robert+W%3BKarol%2C+Meryl+H%3BLuster%2C+Michael+I&rft.aulast=Matheson&rft.aufirst=Joanna&rft.date=2002-10-01&rft.volume=27&rft.issue=4&rft.spage=396&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=American+journal+of+respiratory+cell+and+molecular+biology&rft.issn=10441549&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 2002-11-12 N1 - Date created - 2002-10-01 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Integration of DNA sample collection into a multi-site birth defects case-control study. AN - 72134027; 12353214 AB - Advances in quantitative analysis and molecular genotyping have provided unprecedented opportunities to add biological sampling and genetic information to epidemiologic studies. The purpose of this article is to describe the incorporation of DNA sample collection into the National Birth Defects Prevention Study (NBDPS), an ongoing case-control study in an eight-state consortium with a primary goal to identify risk factors for birth defects. Babies with birth defects are identified through birth defects surveillance systems in the eight participating centers. Cases are infants with one or more of over 30 major birth defects. Controls are infants without defects from the same geographic area. Epidemiologic information is collected through an hour-long interview with mothers of both cases and controls. We added the collection of buccal cytobrush DNA samples for case-infants, control-infants, and their parents to this study. We describe here the methods by which the samples have been collected and processed, establishment of a centralized resource for DNA banking, and quality control, database management, access, informed consent, and confidentiality issues. Biological sampling and genetic analyses are important components to epidemiologic studies of birth defects aimed at identifying risk factors. The DNA specimens collected in this study can be used for detection of mutations, study of polymorphic variants that confer differential susceptibility to teratogens, and examination of interactions among genetic risk factors. Information on the methods used and issues faced by the NBDPS may be of value to others considering the addition of DNA sampling to epidemiologic studies. JF - Teratology AU - Rasmussen, Sonja A AU - Lammer, Edward J AU - Shaw, Gary M AU - Finnell, Richard H AU - McGehee, Robert E AU - Gallagher, Margaret AU - Romitti, Paul A AU - Murray, Jeffrey C AU - National Birth Defects Prevention Study AD - National Center on Birth Defects and Developmental Disabilities, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia 30341, USA. ; National Birth Defects Prevention Study Y1 - 2002/10// PY - 2002 DA - October 2002 SP - 177 EP - 184 VL - 66 IS - 4 SN - 0040-3709, 0040-3709 KW - DNA KW - 9007-49-2 KW - Index Medicus KW - Multicenter Studies as Topic KW - Databases as Topic KW - Humans KW - Mothers KW - Infant, Newborn KW - Fathers KW - Genotype KW - Risk Factors KW - Case-Control Studies KW - Interviews as Topic KW - Data Collection KW - Female KW - Male KW - Registries KW - DNA -- analysis KW - Congenital Abnormalities -- epidemiology KW - Congenital Abnormalities -- genetics KW - Neonatal Screening -- methods UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/72134027?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Teratology&rft.atitle=Integration+of+DNA+sample+collection+into+a+multi-site+birth+defects+case-control+study.&rft.au=Rasmussen%2C+Sonja+A%3BLammer%2C+Edward+J%3BShaw%2C+Gary+M%3BFinnell%2C+Richard+H%3BMcGehee%2C+Robert+E%3BGallagher%2C+Margaret%3BRomitti%2C+Paul+A%3BMurray%2C+Jeffrey+C%3BNational+Birth+Defects+Prevention+Study&rft.aulast=Rasmussen&rft.aufirst=Sonja&rft.date=2002-10-01&rft.volume=66&rft.issue=4&rft.spage=177&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Teratology&rft.issn=00403709&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 2003-03-12 N1 - Date created - 2002-09-27 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Bacterial contamination of animal feed and its relationship to human foodborne illness. AN - 72085898; 12228823 AB - Animal feed is at the beginning of the food safety chain in the "farm-to-fork" model. The emergence of variant Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease has raised awareness of the importance of contaminated animal feed, but less attention has been paid to the role of bacterial contamination of animal feed in human foodborne illness. In the United States, animal feed is frequently contaminated with non-Typhi serotypes of Salmonella enterica and may lead to infection or colonization of food animals. These bacteria can contaminate animal carcasses at slaughter or cross-contaminate other food items, leading to human illness. Although tracing contamination to its ultimate source is difficult, several large outbreaks have been traced back to contaminated animal feed. Improvements in the safety of animal feed should include strengthening the surveillance of animal feed for bacterial contamination and integration of such surveillance with human foodborne disease surveillance systems. A Hazard Analysis and Critical Control Point program should be instituted for the animal feed industry, and a Salmonella-negative policy for feed should be enforced. JF - Clinical infectious diseases : an official publication of the Infectious Diseases Society of America AU - Crump, John A AU - Griffin, Patricia M AU - Angulo, Frederick J AD - Foodborne and Diarrheal Diseases Branch, Division of Bacterial and Mycotic Diseases, National Center for Infectious Diseases, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA 30333, USA. jcrump@cdc.gov Y1 - 2002/10/01/ PY - 2002 DA - 2002 Oct 01 SP - 859 EP - 865 VL - 35 IS - 7 KW - Index Medicus KW - Typhoid Fever -- prevention & control KW - Humans KW - Food Contamination KW - United States -- epidemiology KW - Sweden KW - Meat Products -- microbiology KW - Salmonella enterica KW - Animal Feed -- microbiology KW - Consumer Product Safety -- legislation & jurisprudence KW - Salmonella Infections -- epidemiology KW - Disease Outbreaks UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/72085898?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Clinical+infectious+diseases+%3A+an+official+publication+of+the+Infectious+Diseases+Society+of+America&rft.atitle=Bacterial+contamination+of+animal+feed+and+its+relationship+to+human+foodborne+illness.&rft.au=Crump%2C+John+A%3BGriffin%2C+Patricia+M%3BAngulo%2C+Frederick+J&rft.aulast=Crump&rft.aufirst=John&rft.date=2002-10-01&rft.volume=35&rft.issue=7&rft.spage=859&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Clinical+infectious+diseases+%3A+an+official+publication+of+the+Infectious+Diseases+Society+of+America&rft.issn=1537-6591&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 2002-10-03 N1 - Date created - 2002-09-13 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - SuppNotes - Comment In: Clin Infect Dis. 2003 Apr 1;36(7):933-4; author reply 934-5 [12652398] N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Prevalence of Wife Rape and Other Intimate Partner Sexual Coercion in a Nationally Representative Sample of Women AN - 60465754; 200312525 AB - This article provides a national estimate of wife rape & various other types of sexual coercion by a spouse or intimate partner. Findings from a 1997 national probability sample revealed that 34% of women were victims of some type of sexual coercion with a husband or partner in their lifetime. Of these women, 10% experienced rape by a current partner. This rate increased to 13% when only victims of rape by a current husband were included, which is consistent with previous studies on wife rape. Other findings reveal that women had unwanted sex with a current spouse or partner in return for a partner's spending money on them (24%), because they thought it was their "duty" (43%), after a romantic situation (29%), after the partner begged & pleaded with them (26%), & after their partner said things to bully them (9%). The importance of examining a continuum of sexual coercion is discussed, & findings are compared & contrasted with other prevalence rates for sexual coercion in marriage. 3 Tables, 46 References. Adapted from the source document. JF - Violence and Victims AU - Basile, Kathleen C AD - Division Violence Prevention, Centers Disease Control & Prevention, Atlanta, GA kbasile@cdc.gov Y1 - 2002/10// PY - 2002 DA - October 2002 SP - 511 EP - 524 VL - 17 IS - 5 SN - 0886-6708, 0886-6708 KW - Rape KW - Wives KW - United States of America KW - Females KW - Sexual Coercion KW - article KW - 2190: social problems and social welfare; victimology (rape, family violence, & child abuse) UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/60465754?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Asocabs&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Violence+and+Victims&rft.atitle=Prevalence+of+Wife+Rape+and+Other+Intimate+Partner+Sexual+Coercion+in+a+Nationally+Representative+Sample+of+Women&rft.au=Basile%2C+Kathleen+C&rft.aulast=Basile&rft.aufirst=Kathleen&rft.date=2002-10-01&rft.volume=17&rft.issue=5&rft.spage=511&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Violence+and+Victims&rft.issn=08866708&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - Sociological Abstracts N1 - Date revised - 2007-04-01 N1 - Last updated - 2016-09-28 N1 - CODEN - VIOVEI N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Wives; Rape; Sexual Coercion; Females; United States of America ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Public health addresses racial and ethnic disparities in coronary heart disease in women: perspectives from the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention AN - 19454865; 7232125 JF - Women's Health Issues AU - Mensah, G A AU - Keenan, N L AU - Giles, W H AD - Cardiovascular Health Branch, Division of Adult and Community Health, National Center for Chronic Disease Prevention and Health Promotion, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia, USA Y1 - 2002/10// PY - 2002 DA - Oct 2002 SP - 272 EP - 283 VL - 12 IS - 5 SN - 1049-3867, 1049-3867 KW - Risk Abstracts KW - disease control KW - Public health KW - prevention KW - Cardiovascular diseases KW - Females KW - Ethnic groups KW - R2 23060:Medical and environmental health UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/19454865?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Ariskabstracts&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Women%27s+Health+Issues&rft.atitle=Public+health+addresses+racial+and+ethnic+disparities+in+coronary+heart+disease+in+women%3A+perspectives+from+the+Centers+for+Disease+Control+and+Prevention&rft.au=Mensah%2C+G+A%3BKeenan%2C+N+L%3BGiles%2C+W+H&rft.aulast=Mensah&rft.aufirst=G&rft.date=2002-10-01&rft.volume=12&rft.issue=5&rft.spage=272&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Women%27s+Health+Issues&rft.issn=10493867&rft_id=info:doi/10.1016%2FS1049-3867%2802%2900147-0 LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2007-02-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-14 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - disease control; Ethnic groups; prevention; Public health; Females; Cardiovascular diseases DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S1049-3867(02)00147-0 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Self-reported hand and wrist arthritis and occupation: Data from the U.S. National Health Interview Survey-Occupational Health Supplement AN - 18834815; 5729100 AB - There is a paucity of population-based studies examining occupational hand-wrist arthritis. We examined relationships between hand-wrist arthritis, occupation, and biomechanical exposures in the U.S. National Health Interview Survey-Occupational Health Supplement. A randomized, multi-stage, and cross-sectional national prevalence survey was carried out. Self-reported, medically attended hand-wrist arthritis was common among employed persons (period prevalence 1.58%; lifetime prevalence 3.58%). Highest prevalences occurred among technicians, machine operators, assemblers, and farmers, and in the mining, agriculture, and construction industries. Work requiring repetitive hand bending and twisting was associated with hand-wrist arthritis (Odds Ratio 1.43; 95% CI: 1.11-1.84; P = 0.005). Among workers with hand arthritis, 7.4% had made major changes in their work, 7.6% missed work, and 4.5% stopped working or changed jobs because of the problem. Our study links hand-wrist arthritis to occupation and potentially modifiable workplace ergonomic factors. The spectrum of hand-wrist "cumulative trauma" disorders may considerably exceed that of soft-tissue injuries like carpal tunnel syndrome and tendonitis, and may include arthritis, a widely prevalent, disabling condition. JF - American Journal of Industrial Medicine AU - Dillon, C AU - Petersen, M AU - Tanaka, Shiro AD - National Center for Health Statistics, 6525 Belcrest Road, Room 1000, Hyattsville, MD 20782, USA, cid2@cdc.gov Y1 - 2002/10// PY - 2002 DA - Oct 2002 SP - 318 EP - 327 VL - 42 IS - 4 SN - 0271-3586, 0271-3586 KW - arthritis KW - biomechanics KW - hand KW - wrist KW - Health & Safety Science Abstracts KW - H 1000:Occupational Safety and Health UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/18834815?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Ahealthsafetyabstracts&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=American+Journal+of+Industrial+Medicine&rft.atitle=Self-reported+hand+and+wrist+arthritis+and+occupation%3A+Data+from+the+U.S.+National+Health+Interview+Survey-Occupational+Health+Supplement&rft.au=Dillon%2C+C%3BPetersen%2C+M%3BTanaka%2C+Shiro&rft.aulast=Dillon&rft.aufirst=C&rft.date=2002-10-01&rft.volume=42&rft.issue=4&rft.spage=318&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=American+Journal+of+Industrial+Medicine&rft.issn=02713586&rft_id=info:doi/10.1002%2Fajim.10117 LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ajim.10117 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Longitudinal Analysis of Changes in Indices of Obesity from Age 8 Years to Age 18 Years. Project HeartBeat! AN - 18769900; 5645880 AB - To compare growth patterns of obesity indices derived from body composition and anthropometric measures, the authors analyzed data from Project HeartBeat!, a longitudinal study of cardiovascular disease risk factors in childhood and adolescence. A total of 678 children initially aged 8, 11, and 14 years in The Woodlands and Conroe, Texas, were enrolled and followed with 4-monthly examinations between October 1991 and August 1995. Trajectories of change from age 8 years to age 18 years were estimated for body mass index, percent body fat, abdominal circumference, the sum of two skinfolds, and the sum of six skinfolds. All indices varied importantly with age. Percent body fat, sum of two skinfolds, and sum of six skinfolds shared similar growth patterns, with strong divergence between males and females. Males' body fat decreased with age and females' increased or remained nearly constant with age. In contrast, both body mass index and abdominal circumference increased monotonically with age in both sexes, exhibiting little sex difference as children reached late adolescence. Sex differences were more striking among Blacks than among non-Blacks. The authors conclude that growth patterns of adiposity differ according to the measure chosen. Furthermore, changes in different obesity indices may not relate in the same way to changes in blood pressure or blood lipid concentrations. JF - American Journal of Epidemiology AU - Dai, S AU - Labarthe AU - Grunbaum, JA AU - Harrist, R B AU - Mueller, W H AD - Division of Adult and Community Health, National Center for Chronic Disease Prevention and Health Promotion, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA, USA Y1 - 2002/10// PY - 2002 DA - Oct 2002 SP - 720 EP - 729 VL - 156 IS - 8 SN - 0002-9262, 0002-9262 KW - Physical Education Index KW - PE 030:Exercise, Health & Physical Fitness UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/18769900?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aphysicaleducation&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=American+Journal+of+Epidemiology&rft.atitle=Longitudinal+Analysis+of+Changes+in+Indices+of+Obesity+from+Age+8+Years+to+Age+18+Years.+Project+HeartBeat%21&rft.au=Dai%2C+S%3BLabarthe%3BGrunbaum%2C+JA%3BHarrist%2C+R+B%3BMueller%2C+W+H&rft.aulast=Dai&rft.aufirst=S&rft.date=2002-10-01&rft.volume=156&rft.issue=8&rft.spage=720&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=American+Journal+of+Epidemiology&rft.issn=00029262&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - Physical Education Index N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - African-American children are at risk of a measles outbreak in an inner-city community of Chicago, 2000 AN - 18691997; 5580487 AB - Background: Since the measles resurgence of 1989-1991, which affected predominantly inner-city preschoolers, national vaccination rates have risen to record-high levels, but rates among inner-city, preschool-aged, African-American children lag behind national rates. The threat of measles importations from abroad exists and may be particularly important in large U.S. cities. To stop epidemic transmission, measles vaccination coverage should be at least 80%. Objective: To determine measles vaccination rates and predictors for having received a dose of measles-containing vaccine by age 19 to 35 months among children in an inner-city community of Chicago. Methods: We used a cross-sectional survey with probability proportional to size cluster sampling. Immunization histories from parent-held records and providers were combined to establish a complete vaccination history. Results: A total of 2545 households were contacted, and 170 included a resident child aged 12 to 35 months. Of these, 97% (N=165 children) agreed to participate. Immunization history from a parent or provider was not available for 20 children. Among children aged 19 to 35 months with available immunization histories, 74% received measles vaccine (n=100); of these, 84% received the vaccine as recommended at ages 12 to 15 months. However, when including children without immunization histories, measles coverage levels among children aged 19 to 35 months were 64% (n=114). Among children with records, predictors for receipt of measles vaccine by age 19 to 35 months were possessing a hand-held immunization card (odds ratio [OR]=16.8; 95% confidence interval [CI]=4.2-67.1); utilizing a public health department provider for a usual source of care (OR=8.9; 95% CI=1.6-47.2); and being up-to-date for vaccines at 3 months of age (OR=5.0; 95% CI=1.8-14.1). Conclusions: Optimistically assuming that children without immunization histories are as well immunized as children with immunization histories, the measles vaccination rate among Englewood's children aged 19 to 35 months is too low to maintain immunity (74%). Measles coverage levels lagged behind coverage reported in a national survey in Chicago (86%) and the nation as a whole (92%). Efforts to raise and sustain coverage should be undertaken. JF - American Journal of Preventive Medicine AU - Rosenthal, J AU - Raymond, D AU - Morita, J AU - McCauley, M AU - Diaz, P AU - David, F AU - Rodewald, L AD - CDC, National Immunization Program, 12 Corporate Square Blvd, Room 4203, Mailstop E-52,, Atlanta, GA,, USA 30329, jyr4@cdc.gov Y1 - 2002/10// PY - 2002 DA - Oct 2002 SP - 195 EP - 199 VL - 23 IS - 3 SN - 0749-3797, 0749-3797 KW - Physical Education Index KW - PE 090:Sports Medicine & Exercise Sport Science UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/18691997?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aphysicaleducation&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=American+Journal+of+Preventive+Medicine&rft.atitle=African-American+children+are+at+risk+of+a+measles+outbreak+in+an+inner-city+community+of+Chicago%2C+2000&rft.au=Rosenthal%2C+J%3BRaymond%2C+D%3BMorita%2C+J%3BMcCauley%2C+M%3BDiaz%2C+P%3BDavid%2C+F%3BRodewald%2C+L&rft.aulast=Rosenthal&rft.aufirst=J&rft.date=2002-10-01&rft.volume=23&rft.issue=3&rft.spage=195&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=American+Journal+of+Preventive+Medicine&rft.issn=07493797&rft_id=info:doi/10.1016%2FS0749-3797%2802%2900496-8 LA - English DB - Physical Education Index N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0749-3797(02)00496-8 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Alcohol-exposed pregnancy: Characteristics associated with risk AN - 18684147; 5580486 AB - Background: Prenatal alcohol exposure is a leading cause of neurodevelopmental deficits in children. Women who are fertile, drink alcohol, and have unprotected intercourse are at risk for an alcohol-exposed pregnancy, but little is known about this population. Methods: A survey was administered to 2672 English-speaking women aged 18 to 44 years from six settings, including an urban jail, a drug/alcohol treatment facility, a gynecology clinic, two primary care clinics, and respondents to a media solicitation. Bivariate and multivariate analyses were conducted to explore variables that were correlated with membership in the at-risk group. Results: Most respondents (70%) reported a household income of <$20,000; 68% had a high school or equivalent education; and 62% were African American. A total of 333 women (12.5%) met the a priori definition of "at risk" for an alcohol-exposed pregnancy. Stepwise logistic regression showed that recent drug use (odds ratio [OR]=3.1; 95% confidence interval [CI]=2.1-4.4); having smoked more than 100 cigarettes (OR=1.9, 95% CI=1.3-2.7); a history of inpatient treatment for drugs or alcohol (OR=1.8, 95% CI=1.3-2.4) or inpatient mental health treatment (OR=1.6, 95% CI=1.1-2.3); having multiple sex partners (OR=1.7, 95% CI=1.2-2.2); and recent physical abuse (OR=1.5, 95% CI=1.1-2.0) were significantly correlated with being at risk. Conclusions: It was possible to identify diverse settings with an increased prevalence of women at risk for an alcohol-exposed pregnancy. Within these settings, women at risk were characterized by an increased frequency of selected behaviors. This information may help clinicians develop and target interventions prior to conception. JF - American Journal of Preventive Medicine AU - Floyd, R L AD - Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, NCBDD/FAS, 4770 Buford Hwy, NE, Mailstop F-49,, Atlanta, GA 30341, USA, rlf3@cdc.gov Y1 - 2002/10// PY - 2002 DA - Oct 2002 SP - 166 EP - 173 VL - 23 IS - 3 SN - 0749-3797, 0749-3797 KW - development KW - prenatal experience KW - substance abuse KW - Health & Safety Science Abstracts KW - H 14000:Toxicology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/18684147?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Ahealthsafetyabstracts&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=American+Journal+of+Preventive+Medicine&rft.atitle=Alcohol-exposed+pregnancy%3A+Characteristics+associated+with+risk&rft.au=Floyd%2C+R+L&rft.aulast=Floyd&rft.aufirst=R&rft.date=2002-10-01&rft.volume=23&rft.issue=3&rft.spage=166&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=American+Journal+of+Preventive+Medicine&rft.issn=07493797&rft_id=info:doi/10.1016%2FS0749-3797%2802%2900495-6 LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0749-3797(02)00495-6 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - The Relationship between Blood Lead Levels and Periodontal Bone Loss in the United States, 1988-1994 AN - 18664544; 5550783 AB - An association between bone disease and bone lead has been reported. Studies have suggested that lead stored in bone may adversely affect bone mineral metabolism and blood lead (PbB) levels. However, the relationship between PbB levels and bone loss attributed to periodontal disease has never been reported. In this study we examined the relationship between clinical parameters that characterize bone loss due to periodontal disease and PbB levels in the U.S. population. We used data from the Third National Health and Nutritional Examination Survey (NHANES III), 1988-1994, for the analyses. A total of 10,033 participants 20-69 years of age who completed a periodontal examination and had whole blood tested for lead were examined. Four types of periodontal disease measures were used to indicate oral bone loss: periodontal pocket depth, attachment loss extent, attachment loss severity, and the presence of dental furcations. We found that dental furcations were the best periodontal bone loss indicator for PbB levels (p = 0.005) in a multivariate linear regression model adjusting for sex, age, race/ethnicity, educational attainment, poverty status, smoking, and age of home. Furthermore, after additional modeling, we found a smoking and dental furcation interaction (p = 0.034). Subsequent stratified analyses indicated that current and past smoking is an effect modifier for dental furcations on PbB levels. These findings indicate that increased PbB levels may be associated with advanced periodontal bone loss, particularly among people with a history of smoking. JF - Environmental Health Perspectives AU - Dye, BA AU - Hirsch, R AU - Brody, D J AD - Division of Health Examination Statistics, CDC/National Centers for Health Statistics, 6525 Belcrest Road, Room 900, Hyattsville, MD 20782 USA, bfd1@cdc.gov Y1 - 2002/10// PY - 2002 DA - Oct 2002 SP - 997 EP - 1002 VL - 110 IS - 10 SN - 0091-6765, 0091-6765 KW - man KW - Toxicology Abstracts KW - X 24162:Chronic exposure UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/18664544?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxicologyabstracts&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Environmental+Health+Perspectives&rft.atitle=The+Relationship+between+Blood+Lead+Levels+and+Periodontal+Bone+Loss+in+the+United+States%2C+1988-1994&rft.au=Dye%2C+BA%3BHirsch%2C+R%3BBrody%2C+D+J&rft.aulast=Dye&rft.aufirst=BA&rft.date=2002-10-01&rft.volume=110&rft.issue=10&rft.spage=997&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Environmental+Health+Perspectives&rft.issn=00916765&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - The Public Health Consequences From Acute Chlorine Releases, 1993-2000 AN - 18643915; 5551361 AB - Chlorine, a commonly used hazardous substance, can be harmful to human health when improperly released. Data from the Agency for Toxic Substances and Disease Registry's Hazardous Substances Emergency Events Surveillance system were used to conduct a retrospective analysis on the public health consequences from acute chlorine releases in 16 states during 1993 through 2000. There was an overall decline in the number of chlorine events during the period analyzed; however, chlorine events were more likely to result in events with victims, evacuations, and decontaminations when compared with nonchlorine events (relative risk [RR] = 4.5, 95% confidence interval [CI] = 4.1 to 5.0; [RR] = 4.8, CI 4.3 to 5.3; and [RR] = 2.0, CI 1.7 to 2.4, respectively). Most chlorine victims were employees and members of the general public. The predominant symptoms sustained were respiratory and eye irritation. Equipment failure and human error were the most frequent factors leading to an event. Continuous employee training and preventive equipment maintenance can help prevent chlorine releases from occurring and minimize exposure to the general public. JF - Journal of Occupational and Environmental Medicine AU - Horton, D K AU - Berkowitz, Z AU - Kaye, W E AD - Agency for Toxic Substances and Disease Registry, Division of Health Studies/Epidemiology and Surveillance Branch, 1600 Clifton Road NE, Mailstop E-31, Atlanta, GA 30333, USA, dhorton@cdc.gov Y1 - 2002/10// PY - 2002 DA - Oct 2002 SP - 906 EP - 913 VL - 44 IS - 10 SN - 1076-2752, 1076-2752 KW - acute effects KW - man KW - Pollution Abstracts; Health & Safety Science Abstracts; Toxicology Abstracts KW - X 24151:Acute exposure KW - H 12000:Epidemiology and Public Health KW - P 6000:TOXICOLOGY AND HEALTH UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/18643915?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxicologyabstracts&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Occupational+and+Environmental+Medicine&rft.atitle=The+Public+Health+Consequences+From+Acute+Chlorine+Releases%2C+1993-2000&rft.au=Horton%2C+D+K%3BBerkowitz%2C+Z%3BKaye%2C+W+E&rft.aulast=Horton&rft.aufirst=D&rft.date=2002-10-01&rft.volume=44&rft.issue=10&rft.spage=906&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+Occupational+and+Environmental+Medicine&rft.issn=10762752&rft_id=info:doi/10.1097%2F01.jom.0000030991.78799.2e LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/01.jom.0000030991.78799.2e ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Signaling from Toxic Metals to NF- Kappa B and Beyond: Not Just a Matter of Reactive Oxygen Species AN - 18641866; 5550819 AB - The nuclear factor kappa B (NF- Kappa B) family of transcription factors controls expression of a number of early response genes associated with inflammatory responses, cell growth, cell cycle progression, and neoplastic transformation. These genes include a multitude of cytokines, chemokines, adhesion molecules, immune receptors, stress proteins, apoptotic or anti-apoptotic regulators, and several oncogenes. Accumulating evidence indicates that a variety of toxic metals are able to affect the activation or activity of NF- Kappa B, but the molecular mechanisms involved in this process remain largely unknown. The signaling pathways mediating cytokine- or microorganism-induced NF- Kappa B activation have been well established recently. Whether the same signaling systems are involved in metal-induced NF- Kappa B activation, however, is unclear. In the present review, we have attempted to evaluate and update the possible mechanisms of metal signals on the activation and function of NF- Kappa B. JF - Environmental Health Perspectives AU - Chen, F AU - Shi, X AD - PPRB/NIOSH, 1095 Willowdale Rd., Morgantown, WV 26505 USA, lfd3@cdc.gov Y1 - 2002/10// PY - 2002 DA - Oct 2002 SP - 807 EP - 811 VL - 110 SN - 0091-6765, 0091-6765 KW - Toxicology Abstracts KW - X 24250:Reviews UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/18641866?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxicologyabstracts&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Environmental+Health+Perspectives&rft.atitle=Signaling+from+Toxic+Metals+to+NF-+Kappa+B+and+Beyond%3A+Not+Just+a+Matter+of+Reactive+Oxygen+Species&rft.au=Chen%2C+F%3BShi%2C+X&rft.aulast=Chen&rft.aufirst=F&rft.date=2002-10-01&rft.volume=110&rft.issue=&rft.spage=807&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Environmental+Health+Perspectives&rft.issn=00916765&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Ability of the MicroScan Rapid Gram-Negative ID Type 3 Panel To Identify Nonenteric Glucose-Fermenting and Nonfermenting Gram-Negative Bacilli AN - 18491448; 5457563 AB - The MicroScan Rapid Neg ID3 panel is designed for the identification of Enterobacteriaceae and nonenteric glucose-fermenting and nonfermenting gram- negative bacilli. We evaluated this panel for its ability to identify gram- negative non-Enterobacteriaceae bacteria. A total of 134 strains, representing 26 genera and 42 species, were taken from storage at -70 super(o)C, passaged three times before testing, and inoculated into the panels according to the manufacturer's directions before being inserted into a Walk/Away 96 instrument loaded with version 22.28 software. At the end of the initial 2.5-h incubation period, 89 isolates (66.4%) were correctly identified at a probability level of [>=]85%. After additional testing recommended by the manufacturer was completed, another 11 isolates (8.2%) were correctly identified at probability levels of [>=]85%. Twenty-five (18.7%) isolates were correctly identified after additional testing, but the probability levels were less than 85%. Two isolates were unidentified, and seven (5.2%) were incorrectly identified. The seven misidentified strains were not concentrated in any one genus. With an accuracy approaching 75%, this product may be used for the identification of the commonly isolated non-Enterobacteriaceae bacteria but may present problems in identification of other non-glucose-fermenting gram- negative bacilli. JF - Journal of Clinical Microbiology AU - O'Hara, C M AU - Miller, J M AD - Mailstop C16, Atlanta, GA 30333, cmo1@cdc.gov Y1 - 2002/10// PY - 2002 DA - Oct 2002 SP - 3750 EP - 3752 VL - 40 IS - 10 SN - 0095-1137, 0095-1137 KW - MicroScan Rapid Neg ID3 panel KW - Microbiology Abstracts B: Bacteriology; Microbiology Abstracts A: Industrial & Applied Microbiology KW - A 01116:Bacteria KW - J 02704:Enumeration UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/18491448?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologyb&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Clinical+Microbiology&rft.atitle=Ability+of+the+MicroScan+Rapid+Gram-Negative+ID+Type+3+Panel+To+Identify+Nonenteric+Glucose-Fermenting+and+Nonfermenting+Gram-Negative+Bacilli&rft.au=O%27Hara%2C+C+M%3BMiller%2C+J+M&rft.aulast=O%27Hara&rft.aufirst=C&rft.date=2002-10-01&rft.volume=40&rft.issue=10&rft.spage=3750&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+Clinical+Microbiology&rft.issn=00951137&rft_id=info:doi/10.1128%2FJCM.40.10.3750-3752.2002 LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/JCM.40.10.3750-3752.2002 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Multicenter Evaluation of a Nonweekend Reading Schedule for Radiometric Pyrazinamide Susceptibility Testing of Mycobacterium tuberculosis AN - 18489634; 5457576 AB - Pyrazinamide (PZA) is an integral component of the short-course chemotherapy regimen for tuberculosis. The BACTEC 460TB PZA susceptibility test for Mycobacterium tuberculosis with a daily (D) reading schedule has been available for more than 10 years, but weekend laboratory staffing is necessary. A nonweekend (NW) reading schedule has not been validated in a multicenter study. This prospective multicenter study compares the interlaboratory reproducibility of PZA susceptibility results by following both the D and NW schedules. A total of 181 cultures were shared among four laboratories. Isolates were selected based on resistance or borderline resistance to at least one streptomycin-isoniazid-rifampin-ethambutol drug or PZA. One laboratory used a D reading schedule, and three laboratories used a NW schedule. Both reading schedules are based on the standard BACTEC 460TB PZA protocol. With the NW schedule, the growth index (GI) is not available for test interpretation on Saturday, Sunday, and Monday. Of the 181 shared cultures, 154 were found to be susceptible by all laboratories, 19 were found to be resistant, and 8 had discordant results. The overall pairwise interlaboratory agreement was 97.7%. The discrepancies were not associated with the type of reading schedule used. However, the median control GI was significantly higher for the NW schedule (321) than for the D schedule (259) (P < 0.0001) although results were available on average in about 7 days from setup for both schedules. These results show that the NW schedule is a suitable alternative for laboratories that do not read and interpret PZA susceptibility tests on weekends. JF - Journal of Clinical Microbiology AU - Madison, B AU - Gross, W AU - George, I AU - Sloutsky, A AU - Washabaugh, G AU - Robinson-Dunn, B AU - Lipman, H AU - Metchock, B AU - Mazurek, G AU - Ridderhof, J AD - Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, 4770 Buford Highway, N.E., Mail stop G-25, Atlanta, GA 30347, bdm6@cdc.gov Y1 - 2002/10// PY - 2002 DA - Oct 2002 SP - 3753 EP - 3756 VL - 40 IS - 10 SN - 0095-1137, 0095-1137 KW - pyrazinamide KW - Microbiology Abstracts B: Bacteriology KW - J 02812:Antibacterial Agents: Others UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/18489634?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologyb&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Clinical+Microbiology&rft.atitle=Multicenter+Evaluation+of+a+Nonweekend+Reading+Schedule+for+Radiometric+Pyrazinamide+Susceptibility+Testing+of+Mycobacterium+tuberculosis&rft.au=Madison%2C+B%3BGross%2C+W%3BGeorge%2C+I%3BSloutsky%2C+A%3BWashabaugh%2C+G%3BRobinson-Dunn%2C+B%3BLipman%2C+H%3BMetchock%2C+B%3BMazurek%2C+G%3BRidderhof%2C+J&rft.aulast=Madison&rft.aufirst=B&rft.date=2002-10-01&rft.volume=40&rft.issue=10&rft.spage=3753&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+Clinical+Microbiology&rft.issn=00951137&rft_id=info:doi/10.1128%2FJCM.40.10.3753-3756.2002 LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/JCM.40.10.3753-3756.2002 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Head-to-Head Multicenter Comparison of DNA Probe and Nucleic Acid Amplification Tests for Chlamydia trachomatis Infection in Women Performed with an Improved Reference Standard AN - 18485543; 5457574 AB - Few evaluations of tests for Chlamydia trachomatis have compared nucleic acid amplification tests (NAATs) with diagnostic tests other than those by culture. In a five-city study of 3,551 women, we compared the results of commercial ligase chain reaction (LCR) and PCR tests performed on cervical swabs and urine with the results of PACE 2 tests performed on cervical swabs, using independent reference standards that included both cervical swabs and urethral swab-urine specimens. Using cervical culture as a standard, the sensitivities of PACE 2, LCR, and PCR tests with cervical specimens were 78.1, 96.9, and 89.9%, respectively, and the specificities were 99.3, 97.5, and 98.2%, respectively. Using either cervical swab or urine LCR-positive tests as the standard decreased sensitivities to 60.8% for PACE 2 and to 75.8 and 74.9% for PCR with cervical swabs and urine, respectively. Specificities increased to 99.7% for PACE 2 and to 99.7 and 99.4% for PCR with cervical swabs and urine, respectively. Sensitivities with a cervical swab-urine PCR standard were 61.9% for PACE 2 and 85.5 and 80.8% for LCR with cervical swabs and urine, respectively. Specificities were 99.6% for PACE 2 and 99.0 and 98.9% for LCR with cervical swabs and urine, respectively. Cervical swab versus urine differences were significant only for PCR specificities (P = 0.034). Overall, LCR sensitivity exceeded that of PCR, and sensitivities obtained with cervical swabs exceeded those obtained with urine specimens by small amounts. These data have substantiated, using a large multicenter sample and a patient standard, that LCR and PCR tests performed on endocervical swabs and urine are superior to PACE 2 tests for screening C. trachomatis infections in women. In our study, NAATs improved the detection of infected women by 17 to 38% compared to PACE 2. JF - Journal of Clinical Microbiology AU - Black, C M AU - Marrazzo, J AU - Johnson, R E AU - Hook, EW III AU - Jones, R B AU - Green, T A AU - Schachter, J AU - Stamm, W E AU - Bolan, G AU - Louis, MEX AU - Martin, D H AD - National Center for Infectious Diseases, Mailstop C17, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, 1600 Clifton Rd. NE, Atlanta, GA 30333, cblack@cdc.gov Y1 - 2002/10// PY - 2002 DA - Oct 2002 SP - 3757 EP - 3763 VL - 40 IS - 10 SN - 0095-1137, 0095-1137 KW - ligase chain reaction KW - nucleic acid amplification tests KW - Microbiology Abstracts B: Bacteriology KW - J 02704:Enumeration UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/18485543?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologyb&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Clinical+Microbiology&rft.atitle=Head-to-Head+Multicenter+Comparison+of+DNA+Probe+and+Nucleic+Acid+Amplification+Tests+for+Chlamydia+trachomatis+Infection+in+Women+Performed+with+an+Improved+Reference+Standard&rft.au=Black%2C+C+M%3BMarrazzo%2C+J%3BJohnson%2C+R+E%3BHook%2C+EW+III%3BJones%2C+R+B%3BGreen%2C+T+A%3BSchachter%2C+J%3BStamm%2C+W+E%3BBolan%2C+G%3BLouis%2C+MEX%3BMartin%2C+D+H&rft.aulast=Black&rft.aufirst=C&rft.date=2002-10-01&rft.volume=40&rft.issue=10&rft.spage=3757&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+Clinical+Microbiology&rft.issn=00951137&rft_id=info:doi/10.1128%2FJCM.40.10.3757-3763.2002 LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/JCM.40.10.3757-3763.2002 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - What Happened to the Streptococci: Overview of Taxonomic and Nomenclature Changes AN - 18482603; 5458225 AB - Since the division of the Streptococcus genus into enterococci, lactococci, and streptococci in 1984, many changes in the nomenclature and taxonomy of the Streptococcus genus have taken place. The application of genetic comparisons has improved the proper classification of the different species. The Lancefield system of serogrouping the streptococci by the expression of beta-hemolysis on blood agar plates is still very useful for the identification of streptococci for patient management. The Lancefield grouping system cannot be used in itself for accurate identification of specific beta- hemolytic species, but it can be a useful part of the identification procedure. Except for identification of the "Streptococcus bovis group" of species and Streptococcus suis, Lancefield grouping is of little value in identification of the non-beta-hemolytic streptococci and related genera. In fact, identification of the non-beta-hemolytic species is problematic for conventional as well as commercially available identification procedures. A combination of conventional tests and specific chromogenic tests suggested by several investigators is presented and discussed. Tables are included that suggest tests and procedures to guide investigators attempting to identify all the species. JF - Clinical Microbiology Reviews AU - Facklam, R AD - Streptococcus Laboratory, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Mail Stop CO-2, Atlanta, GA 30333, rrf2@cdc.gov Y1 - 2002/10// PY - 2002 DA - Oct 2002 SP - 613 EP - 630 VL - 15 IS - 4 SN - 0893-8512, 0893-8512 KW - streptococci KW - Microbiology Abstracts B: Bacteriology KW - J 02710:Identification, taxonomy and typing UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/18482603?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologyb&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Clinical+Microbiology+Reviews&rft.atitle=What+Happened+to+the+Streptococci%3A+Overview+of+Taxonomic+and+Nomenclature+Changes&rft.au=Facklam%2C+R&rft.aulast=Facklam&rft.aufirst=R&rft.date=2002-10-01&rft.volume=15&rft.issue=4&rft.spage=613&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Clinical+Microbiology+Reviews&rft.issn=08938512&rft_id=info:doi/10.1128%2FCMR.15.4.613-630.2002 LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/CMR.15.4.613-630.2002 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - National Task Force on Fetal Alcohol Syndrome and Fetal Alcohol Effect: defining the national agenda for fetal alcohol syndrome and other prenatal alcohol-related effects. AN - 72844183; 12572781 AB - Prenatal alcohol exposure can lead to serious birth defects and developmental disabilities. A need exists to develop effective strategies for both children with fetal alcohol syndrome (FAS) or other prenatal alcohol-related effects and for women at high risk for having an alcohol-exposed pregnancy. Since the syndrome was identified approximately 30 years ago, advancements have been made in FAS diagnostics, surveillance, prevention, and intervention, but a substantial amount of work remains. Collaborations among partners in federal state, and local agencies, academia, clinical professions, school systems, and families are critical to developing and implementing successful efforts related to FAS and fetal alcohol effect (FAE). In 1999, Congress directed the Secretary of the U.S. Department of Health and Human Services to convene the National Task Force on FAS and FAE (the Task Force). CDC's National Center on Birth Defects and Developmental Disabilities, Fetal Alcohol Syndrome Prevention Team, coordinates the Task Force and manages its operation. Since the Task Force was chartered in 2000, Task Force members, with input from multiple partners, have convened to deliberate and determine the Task Force mission, goals, and priority concerns to be addressed. This report describes the structure, function, mission, and goals of the Task Force and provides their first recommendations. An explanation of how the Task Force recommendations were generated and the Task Forces next steps are also reported. JF - MMWR. Recommendations and reports : Morbidity and mortality weekly report. Recommendations and reports AU - Weber, Mary Kate AU - Floyd, R Louise AU - Riley, Edward P AU - Snider, Dixie E AU - National Task Force on Fetal Alcohol Syndrome and Fetal Alcohol Effect AD - Division of Birth Defects and Developmental Disabilities, National Center on Birth Defects and Developmental Disabilities, USA. ; National Task Force on Fetal Alcohol Syndrome and Fetal Alcohol Effect Y1 - 2002/09/20/ PY - 2002 DA - 2002 Sep 20 SP - 9 EP - 12 VL - 51 SN - 1057-5987, 1057-5987 KW - Ethanol KW - 3K9958V90M KW - Index Medicus KW - United States KW - Infant KW - Ethanol -- adverse effects KW - Pregnancy Complications -- prevention & control KW - Humans KW - Infant, Newborn KW - Child KW - Alcoholism -- prevention & control KW - Female KW - Prenatal Exposure Delayed Effects KW - Pregnancy KW - Child, Preschool KW - Public Health Administration -- standards KW - Fetal Alcohol Spectrum Disorders -- prevention & control UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/72844183?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=MMWR.+Recommendations+and+reports+%3A+Morbidity+and+mortality+weekly+report.+Recommendations+and+reports&rft.atitle=National+Task+Force+on+Fetal+Alcohol+Syndrome+and+Fetal+Alcohol+Effect%3A+defining+the+national+agenda+for+fetal+alcohol+syndrome+and+other+prenatal+alcohol-related+effects.&rft.au=Weber%2C+Mary+Kate%3BFloyd%2C+R+Louise%3BRiley%2C+Edward+P%3BSnider%2C+Dixie+E%3BNational+Task+Force+on+Fetal+Alcohol+Syndrome+and+Fetal+Alcohol+Effect&rft.aulast=Weber&rft.aufirst=Mary&rft.date=2002-09-20&rft.volume=51&rft.issue=&rft.spage=9&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=MMWR.+Recommendations+and+reports+%3A+Morbidity+and+mortality+weekly+report.+Recommendations+and+reports&rft.issn=10575987&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 2003-02-12 N1 - Date created - 2003-02-07 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Carbon-monoxide poisoning resulting from exposure to ski-boat exhaust--Georgia, June 2002. AN - 72127052; 12353743 AB - Carbon monoxide (CO) is an odorless, colorless gas produced from the incomplete combustion of carbon-based fuels such as gasoline or wood. In the United States, CO poisoning causes approximately 500 unintentional deaths each year. Although CO poisonings often have been reported to occur in enclosed and semi-enclosed environments, they can also occur in open-air environments. This report describes two related cases of CO poisoning that occurred in children who were participating in recreational activities on a ski boat. Recreational boaters should be aware of the dangers of open-air CO poisoning, and engineering solutions are needed to reduce the amount of CO in boat exhaust. JF - MMWR. Morbidity and mortality weekly report AU - Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) AD - Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) Y1 - 2002/09/20/ PY - 2002 DA - 2002 Sep 20 SP - 829 EP - 830 VL - 51 IS - 37 SN - 0149-2195, 0149-2195 KW - Index Medicus KW - Recreation KW - Georgia -- epidemiology KW - Humans KW - Child KW - Male KW - Female KW - Ships KW - Carbon Monoxide Poisoning -- etiology KW - Carbon Monoxide Poisoning -- epidemiology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/72127052?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=MMWR.+Morbidity+and+mortality+weekly+report&rft.atitle=Carbon-monoxide+poisoning+resulting+from+exposure+to+ski-boat+exhaust--Georgia%2C+June+2002.&rft.au=Centers+for+Disease+Control+and+Prevention+%28CDC%29&rft.aulast=Centers+for+Disease+Control+and+Prevention+%28CDC%29&rft.aufirst=&rft.date=2002-09-20&rft.volume=51&rft.issue=37&rft.spage=829&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=MMWR.+Morbidity+and+mortality+weekly+report&rft.issn=01492195&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 2002-10-08 N1 - Date created - 2002-09-30 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Emerging foodborne pathogens. AN - 72075093; 12222636 AB - The broad spectrum of foodborne infections has changed dramatically over time, as well-established pathogens have been controlled or eliminated, and new ones have emerged. The burden of foodborne disease remains substantial: one in four Americans is estimated to have a significant foodborne illness each year. The majority of these illnesses are not accounted for by known pathogens, so more must remain to be discovered. Among the known foodborne pathogens, those more recently identified predominate, suggesting that as more and more is learned about pathogens, they come under control. In addition to the emergence or recognition of new pathogens, other trends include global pandemics of some foodborne pathogens, the emergence of antimicrobial resistance, the identification of pathogens that are highly opportunistic, affecting only the most high-risk subpopulations, and the increasing identification of large and dispersed outbreaks. New pathogens can emerge because of changing ecology or changing technology that connects a potential pathogen with the food chain. They also can emerge de novo by transfer of mobile virulence factors, often through bacteriophage. Though this is rarely observed, it can be reconstructed. Better understanding of the ecology and dynamics of phage transmission among bacteria will help us to understand the appearance of new pathogens in the future. One may look for emerging foodborne pathogens among the silent zoonoses, and among the severe infections affecting the immunocompromised humans. We should expect the unexpected. In the past, separating human sewage and animal manure from human food and water supplies was critical to improving public health. Now, our health depends increasingly on the safety of the feed and water supplies for the animals themselves. The successes of the 20th century and the new challenges we face mean that public health vigilance, careful investigation of new problems, responsible attention to food safety from farm to table, and partnerships to bring about new foodborne disease control measures will be needed for the foreseeable future. JF - International journal of food microbiology AU - Tauxe, Robert V AD - Division of Bacterial and Mycotic Diseases, National Center for Infectious Diseases, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA 30306, USA. rvt1@cdc.gov Y1 - 2002/09/15/ PY - 2002 DA - 2002 Sep 15 SP - 31 EP - 41 VL - 78 IS - 1-2 SN - 0168-1605, 0168-1605 KW - Index Medicus KW - Animals KW - Zoonoses KW - Public Health KW - Humans KW - Drug Resistance KW - Food Parasitology KW - Food Contamination -- prevention & control KW - Food Microbiology KW - Foodborne Diseases -- epidemiology KW - Disease Outbreaks -- prevention & control KW - Communicable Diseases, Emerging -- epidemiology KW - Infection -- epidemiology KW - Foodborne Diseases -- prevention & control KW - Communicable Diseases, Emerging -- prevention & control UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/72075093?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=International+journal+of+food+microbiology&rft.atitle=Emerging+foodborne+pathogens.&rft.au=Tauxe%2C+Robert+V&rft.aulast=Tauxe&rft.aufirst=Robert&rft.date=2002-09-15&rft.volume=78&rft.issue=1-2&rft.spage=31&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=International+journal+of+food+microbiology&rft.issn=01681605&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 2002-11-12 N1 - Date created - 2002-09-11 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Foodborne viral gastroenteritis: challenges and opportunities. AN - 72046197; 12203173 AB - Norwalk-like viruses (NLVs) are estimated to be the most common causes of foodborne disease in the United States, accounting for two-thirds of all food-related illnesses. The epidemiologic features and disease burden associated with NLVs have, until recently, been poorly understood because of the lack of sensitive detection assays and the underuse of available diagnostic tools. However, the application of molecular techniques to diagnose and investigate outbreaks of infection during recent years has led to a growing appreciation of the importance of these agents. NLVs are a principal cause of outbreaks of acute-onset vomiting and diarrhea in all age groups-most commonly, via contamination of uncooked foods by infected foodhandlers, but also via foods contaminated at their sources, such as oysters and raspberries. NLVs may also account for >10% of sporadic cases of gastroenteritis in children and adults. Future research will focus on the development of easy-to-use diagnostic assays based on antigen and antibody detection as well as vaccine development. Implementation of simple prevention measures, including correct food-handling practices, will continue to be a priority. JF - Clinical infectious diseases : an official publication of the Infectious Diseases Society of America AU - Bresee, Joseph S AU - Widdowson, Marc-Alain AU - Monroe, Stephan S AU - Glass, Roger I AD - Viral Gastroenteritis Section, Respiratory and Enteric Viruses Branch, National Center for Infectious Diseases, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA, 30333, USA. jbresee@cdc.gov Y1 - 2002/09/15/ PY - 2002 DA - 2002 Sep 15 SP - 748 EP - 753 VL - 35 IS - 6 KW - Index Medicus KW - Cost of Illness KW - Humans KW - Forecasting KW - Caliciviridae Infections -- physiopathology KW - Gastroenteritis -- virology KW - Gastroenteritis -- prevention & control KW - Caliciviridae Infections -- prevention & control KW - Gastroenteritis -- physiopathology KW - Caliciviridae Infections -- immunology KW - Food Contamination KW - Gastroenteritis -- immunology KW - Norovirus KW - Caliciviridae Infections -- transmission UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/72046197?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.